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1915 ]
527
THE DIAL
Date
el
University of Chicago Press
Books Suitable for Gifts
The Modern Study of Literature. By Richard Green Moulton, Head of the Depart-
ment of General Literature in the University of Chicago.
An introduction to literary theory and interpretation by the Head of the Department of General
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The Nation. Professor Richard Green Moulton's "The Modern Study of Literature" is the culmination
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vi+542 pages, 12mo, cloth; $2.50, postage extra (weight 1 lb. 13 oz.).
London in English Literature. By Percy Holmes Boynton, Associate Professor of
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This volume differs from all other volumes on London in that it gives a consecutive illustrated
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xii+346 pages, 8vo, cloth; $2.00, postage extra (weight 2 lbs. 2 oz.).
A Short History of Japan. By Ernest Wilson Clement.
Because of the intense interest in the present political situation in the Far East this short history
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x+190 pages, 12mo, cloth; $1.00, postage extra (weight 15 oz.). i
Chicago and the Old Northwest. 1673-1835. By Milo Milton Quaife, Superinten-
dent of the Wisconsin State Historical Society.
This book recounts, in a manner at once scholarly and dramatic, the early history of Chicago.
Important as this subject is, it is not treated solely for its own sake. The author's larger purpose
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vii+480 pages, 8vo, cloth; $4.00, postage extra (weight 2 lbs. 14 oz.).
a
a
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CHICAGO, ILL.


528
(Dec. 9
THE DIAL

TRUE GHOST STORIES
True
Ghost
By HEREWARD CARRINGTON
Ster
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250 pages, bound in cloth, with illustrated jacket in colors. Retail price, 75 cents. Price to the trade, 37 cents.
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1915)
529
THE DIAL
Senator Beveridge's Impressive Book
WHAT IS BACK OF THE WAR?
This volume gives the result of conversations with representative men and women in
Germany, France, and England - administrators, authors, philosophers, Socialists, capital-
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COMMONWEALTH
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AMERICA IN FERMENT
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INDIANAPOLIS


530
[Dec. 9
THE DIAL
An Official Notice
HE new 11th edition of The Encyclopaedia
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1915]
531
THE DIAL

Journeys to Bagdad
By CHARLES S. BROOKS. Illustrated
with thirty woodcuts by ALLEN
LEWIS.
These Essays possess at once rare
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Civilization and
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By ELLSWORTH HUNTINGTON, Ph.D.,
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532
(Dec. 9
THE DIAL
THE STORY OF THE
BEAUTY A DUTY
CHRISTMAS SHIP
By
SUSANNA COCROFT
T:
T:
By
LILIAN BELL
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THE DIAL
=
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A NEW SERIES OF BOOKS ON POPULAR PHILOSOPHY
By GEORGE TRUMBULL LADD, LL.D., Emeritus Professor of Moral Philosophy and Metaphysics, Yale University.
Each Volume, Crown 8vo. $1.50 net.
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Aims and Values of the Moral Life.
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which illustrate the modern reaction against Christian ideals, Ireland which was hunted by the hounds of which Flurry
and, secondly, to offer in apologetic form an argument for the Knox was the M.F.H. Some new friends will be met with in
supremacy of the Christian ethic.
that cheerful country, and many old ones, amongst them the
PRINCIPLES OF GENERAL PHYSI.
Narrator, Major Sinclair Yeates, R.M., and Mr. and Mrs.
Flurry Knox.
OLOGY
"If Lever's pen lives at all to-day it does so in the hands of
By WILLIAM MADDOCK BAYLISS, M.A., D.Sc.,
Somerville and Ross."- London Daily Chronice.
F.R.S., etc. Professor of General Physiology in Uni-
“They are capital and enjoyable tales. Miss Somerville
versity College, London. With 259 Illustrations, Royal
provides the illustrations, which are very good."-N. Y.
8vo. $6.00 net.
Sun.
The book treats of the fundamental properties of animal
and vegetable cells and organisms, somewhat on the lines of
HUMAN IMMORTALITY AND PRE.
the “Phénomènes de la Vie," of Ci. Bernard. Special atten-
EXISTENCE
tion is given to phenomena whose laws are not usually to be
By Dr. J. ELLIS M'TAGGART, Fellow of Trinity College,
found in similar books, such as those of reactions in colloidal
Cambridge. Crown 8vo. $0.00 net.
systems, oxidation, action on surfaces, as well as to secretion,
excitation, inhibition, nutrition and other more strictly
At the request of many friends, Dr. M'Taggart has re-
vital"
A book of wide interest.
printed the interesting chapters on Human Immortality and
processes.
Pre-Existence from his well-known work “Some Dogmas of
CUBA, OLD AND NEW
Religion," in order to bring them within the reach of those
readers who found the expense of the larger book a bar to its
By A. G. ROBINSON, Author of Cuba and the Interven-
purchase. The author is recognized as one of the most dis-
tion, etc. With numerous Illustrations from Original
Photographs. Small 8vo. Cloth, ornamental. $1.75 net.
tinguished exponents of Philosophy in the present day, and
the subject of this little volume is of such vital importance
The author's chief purpose in the preparation of this vol-
that his carefully thought-out propositions can not fail to
ume was a presentation of the main points in Cuba's history,
be of great interest.
a fair knowledge of which is absolutely necessary in any
proper understanding of the relations of the United States to
A SURGEON IN KHAKI
the Island of Cuba and of the conditions existing to-day. He
writes from nearly twenty years of special study of, and con- By ARTHUR ANDERSON MARTIN, M.D., etc. With
tact with, the affairs of the island; from many visits to it; 25 Illustrations. 8vo. Pp. x+ 279. $3.00 net.
and from personal acquaintance with many of those who have Dr. Martin was attached to one of the Field Ambulances,
been prominent in Cuba's experiences since the American and did his share of its work at the battles on the Marne and
occupation in January, 1899.
the Aisne, and afterwards in Flanders.
THE LIGHT WITHIN. A Study of the
Although is written by a surgeon, and contains one or
two chapters on the professional side of the campaign, this
Holy Spirit.
book is essentially for the general reader. It is written in a
By CHARLES LEWIS SLATTERY, D.D., Rector of Grace fresh, free style, and as the author does not scorn to give the
Church in New York. $2.00 net.
small details of how he fared from day to day, the reader gets
In this book Dr. Slattery describes the growth of the human
a more vivid idea of the events as they struck the individual
understanding of the Holy Spirit, first through Old Testament on the spot than has hitherto been given.
times, then through the first century, with special emphasis
upon Christ's teachings, the Day of Pentecost, St. Paul's
BLACK AND WHITE IN THE SOUTHERN
Epistles and the point of view of the Fourth Gospel. Inci-
dentally this study bears traces of the great European War,
STATES. A Study of the Race Problem in the
which had begun before the book was published and which United States from a South African Point of View.
demanded of the writer a searching justification of his faith By MAURICE S. EVANS, C.M.G., Author of "Black
in an immanent and unfaltering Divine Leadership.
and White in South-East Africa." With Map and Index.
THE CROWD IN PEACE AND WAR
8vo. Pp. xii + 299. $2.25 net.
“The keen intellect and tender conscience of the Twentieth
By SIR MARTIN CONWAY, late Roscoe Professor of Art, Century both imperatively demand that the illogical and
Liverpool; Slade Professor of Art, Cambridge: President unethical attitude in which the races face each other in the
of the Alpine Club. Crown 8vo. Pp. 340. $1.75 net. Southern States and in South Africa shall be changed for
This is an attempt to deal in popular language with the one that we can justify, and with which the black man shall
relations of the individual to the crowd, and of crowds to be satisfied. Our question is one phase of the greater prob.
one another. The writer discusses the broad questions of lem of race and color which touches all the European nations,
morality, religion, government, socialism, war, education, and nearly every backward race and tribe throughout the
etc., from a novel point of view, and illustrates his remarks wide world. The problem of the Twentieth Century is the
by numerous tales and citations from authors ancient and problem of the color line." — From the Author's Introduc-
modern.
tion.
?
LONGMANS, GREEN, & CO., 443-9 Fourth Avenue, New York


534
[Dec. 9
THE DIAL
THE BOYS' BOOKSHELF
Should Include These Helpful, Interesting Volumes

f
AROUND THE FIRE
Illus., Cloth, .75
H. M. BURR
“My children read 'Around the Fire' often and eagerly. Last night I picked it up at random, and did not quit till I had
finished the book. It is real story-telling."—WALTER RAUSCHENBUSCH.
POEMS OF ACTION
Cloth, .75
DAVID R. PORTER, Ed.
This poetry has been carefully selected for its power to quicken the imagination, and make the beautiful and noble attractive
to young people. It throbs with life and stirs the heart.
TOLD BY THE CAMP FIRE
Illus., Cloth, .75
F. H. CHELEY
A fine boys' book, good for the camp, the hike, or for home reading. Stories of unusual adventure, told with a refreshing
humor, and with a fascinating and helpful appreciation of manly qualities.
CAMP AND OUTING ACTIVITIES
Illus., Buckram, $ 1.50
CHELEY-BAKER
A thoroughly described and illustrated collection of the very best games, stunts, aquatics, songs, plays, and nature study
subjects for boys' camps and hikes, or for home use.
INDOOR GAMES AND SOCIALS FOR BOYS
Illus., Cloth, .75
G. C. BAKER
Live boys have tested the material in this book, and found it just what they wanted for their indoor affairs. The photos and
diagrams show how everything is done.
Send for New
Descriptive Catalog
ASSOCIATION PRESS
NEW YORK, 124 East 28th Street
LONDON, 47 Paternoster Row,
E.C.
for
Appropriate Books
Christmas
Gifts
THE
“AT MCCLURG’S”
It is of interest and importance
to Librarians to know that the
books reviewed and advertised
in this magazine can be pur-
chased from us at advantageous
prices by
Public Libraries, Schools,
Colleges and Universities
In addition to these books we
have an exceptionally large
stock of the books of all pub-
lishers - a more complete as-
sortment than can be found on
the shelves of any other book-
store in the entire country. We
solicit correspondence from
librarians unacquainted with
our facilities.
LIBRARY DEPARTMENT
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago
"HE following books are recom-
mended as being especially
acceptable as Christmas Gifts.
India Paper Books
The Standard Operas, by Upton. Special
India paper edition, full limp Morocco, gilt
edges.
. . $5.00
Golden Poems. Special India paper edition.
Limp Persian Morocco.
. . $4.00
The Humbler Poets. Special India paper edition.
Limp Persian Morocco.
$4.00
A.C.MCCLURG & CO.
Publishers
CHICAGO


1915)
535
THE DIAL

For the Holidays
POR TRAIL
ADVENTURERS
The
Green
al moun
CORNE
The Corner Stone
By Margaret Hill McCarter
There is no gift so much appreciated
as a book, and here is the best gift
book of the season. Its beautiful
appearance will delight the eye, and
the mind will be charmed with the
touching little story so human and
so noble.
Price, 50 cents
TO
TING
Beyond the Frontier
By Randall Parrish
*****
Suzana
Sting the line
In this fine story Randall Parrish will take you back to the early
days in the then savage West. You will meet a fair maid of old
France and a brave cavalier, and journey with them, meeting
many strange adventures on the way, to an outpost of civiliza-
tion.
Price, $1.35
The Fur Trail Adventurers
By Dillon Wallace
There are no better books for boys than those written by Dillon Wallace. They gratify
a boy's natural taste for adventure, while unconsciously teaching him self-reliance, unself-
ishness and personal honor.
Price, $1.25
Our American Wonderlands
By George Wharton James
More marvellous than anything in the Old World are some of America's wonderplaces.
In the form of little journeys, the Yellowstone, the Grand Canyon, Niagara, Lake Tahoe,
and many other lesser known places are described by Mr. James with all that enthusiasm
for nature's mighty works for which he is famous.
Price, $2.00
Suzanna Stirs the Fire
By Emily Calvin Blake
Suzanna, the little sunshine girl, will steal her way into your affections and open your eyes
to the wonder side of commonplace things. She is a little sister to “Pollyanna" and
"Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm."
Price, $1.25
Horse Sense
By Walt Mason
Written in the quaint, humorous style peculiarly his own, which prompted George Ade to
characterize the author as “The High Priest of Horse Sense.
Price, $1.25
The Green Half Moon
By James Francis Dwyer
This mysterious emblem gave its possessor the power to involve the Moslem nations of
the world in the European war. How? Why? Read “The Green Half Moon" and
find out. It's one of the finest adventure stories published in years. Price, $1.25
A. C. McCLURG & CO., Publishers, Chicago


530
(Dec. 9
THE DIAL
Books for Christmas
THE STORY OF A PIONEER.
By DR. ANNA HOWARD SHAW..
With the Collaboration of Elizabeth Jordan.
"One of the most charming and fascinating auto-
biographies ever published."— St. Louis Post-Dispalch.
Illustrated. $2.00 net.
ACRES OF DIAMONDS
By Dr. RUSSELL H. CONWELL.
A remarkable book. It tells the strange story of a
lecture (delivered more than 5,000 times) and of a fortune
of $4,000,000 made from this talk. It tells moreover of
the amazing man who did all this.
Illustrated. $1.00 nel.
SAFETY FIRST
A Book-Disinfecting Machine
Something New for Libraries, Schools, etc.
Wm. H. Rademaekers, the well-known Library
Binder of Newark, N. J., has for many years
noted that libraries and schools need to safe.
guard employees, pupils and borrowers of books.
He has invented and patented a book-disin-
fecting machine, which enables him to disinfect
without the slightest injury every page of a
book after it is rebound.
BOOKS CARRY DISEASE GERMS
Libraries and schools can now have their
books rebound, and at the same time disinfected,
without extra cost.
Thirty years of experience in all branches of
bookbinding have taught me what binding is most
suitable for hard use in libraries and schools.
I supervise all my work. My bindery is
always open for visitors.
Send me two works of fiction prepaid and I
will rebind same, one in Lib. Buckram and one
in Half Leather, and send them to you that you
may see samples of our work.
I return all work four weeks after receiving it.
Ask for price list. Give us a trial.
WM. H. RADEMAEKERS
Improved Library Binder
Binder for the Newark, N. J., Free Public Library
Corner Chester Ave, and Oraton St. NEWARK, N. J.
THE MAN JESUS
By MARY AUSTIN.
"A book of the most advanced thought, yet written
tenderly, in no disregard of those with whose cherished
convictions and faith it is not in accord."-N. Y. World.
$1.20 nel.
COLLEGE SONS AND
COLLEGE FATHERS
By HENRY S. CANBY, Yale University.
"A book like 'College Sons and College Fathers' needs
good readers, lots of them, and our advice to good readers,
to college sons and fathers----past, current and possible
is to buy and read that book."-F. P. A., N. Y. Tribune.
$1.20 net.
AUSTRALIAN BYWAYS
By NORMAN DUNCAN.
“The 'outskirts' of Australian civilization are de-
scribed in a graphic way. A big picture of a little-under-
stood country."-Philadelphia Record.
Illustrated. $1.75 net.
IN VACATION AMERICA
By HARRISON RHODES.
If you are wondering where to go this winter or looking
ahead for next summer you will find suggestions of practical
value here.
Illustrated. $1.50 net.
THE MONEY MASTER
By SIR GILBERT PARKER.
"Perhaps the best and surely the most pleasing of all
my novels," says Gilbert Parker about this splendid new
romance of modern Canada. “The Money Master' is a
novel which is not only worth reading but worth keeping."
--N. Y. Times.
Cloth, $1.35 net; Leather $1.50 nel.
"It has a place in every collection of
books worthy to be called a library"
Luther's Correspondence
and Other
Contemporary Letters
7
AROUND OLD CHESTER
By MARGARET DELAND.
"There cannot be too many tales of Old Chester and
Dr. Lavendar's people. They are refreshing, quietly
humorous, among the best of American stories."--The
Outlook.
Illustrated. $1.35 nel,
PLASHERS MEAD
By COMPTON MACKENZIE.
He has come to the front as Bennett did a few years ago,
and Weils before him, and he has convinced both English
and American critics that he can write something that may
be classed as literature. “Plashers Mead" is a poignantly
passionate romance.
Frontispiece. $1.35 net,
HARPER & BROTHERS
Write for our Holiday Catalogue - sent free.
Translated and Edited by
PRESERVED SMITH, Ph. D.
These personal letters of the Great Reformer
and active men of the Reformation period are
glimpses into their very innermost lives — their
secret feelings, loves, hates, hopes, suspicions, and
confidences.
Private correspondence of great thinkers, artists,
authors, statesmen, and churchmen is always
interesting, inspirational and elevating. When
the contents have a direct bearing upon the
greatest religious movement of the world's history,
the value of such a work as this is significant.
Volume I 1507-1521, now ready. Two more
volumes in preparation.
Price, $3.50 net.
The Lutheran Publication Society
150 Nassau St. 1422-24 Arch St. 159 N. State St.
New York
Philadelphia
Chicago
First National Bank Building
Pittsburgh


1915)
537
THE DIAL
LIPPINCOTT'S
Important New Publications
and Books Suitable for the Holidays
Illustrated Holiday Catalogue on request
Arthur Rackham's New Illustrated Gift Book
A Christmas Carol By CHARLES DICKENS
12 full page illustralions in color and many in black and white by Arthur
Rackham. Decorated cloth, $1.50 net.
The wide circle of admirers of the distinguished illustrator have
long been hoping to see his conception of the interesting charac-
ters and scenes of Dickens's masterpiece. No one can be dis-
appointed: the human touches and fantastic mysteries are in the
artist's best style.
The Magic of Jewels and Charms
By GEORGE FREDERICK KUNZ, A.M., Ph.D., D.Sc.
90 illustrations in color, doubletone and line. Net, $5.00. Uniform in
style and sise with "The Curious Lore of Precious Stones.
The result of a quarter of a century of active experience as a
mineralogist and gem expert, in visiting localities, collections, and
museums on both continents, and in careful research of the litera.
ture of all periods and countries. It is an interesting galaxy of
anecdote, research, and information upon a fascinating subject,
full of humor and romantic interest.
Historic Virginia Homes and Churches
By ROBERT A. LANCASTER, JR. 316 illustrations and a
photogravure frontispiece. Nel, $7.50. A Limited Edition Printed
from Type.
The most important work on any State yet published in this
country. It describes practically all the houses of historic
interest in Virginia, gives illustrations of most of them, as well
as the churches most likely to engage attention.
Quaint and Historic Forts of North
America
By JOHN MARTIN HAMMOND. With photogravure frontis-
piece and 71 illustrations. Ornamental cloth, gilt top, in a box.
Net, $5.00.
Timely and interesting to the last degree in these days of war, is
this volume, not on fortifications" as such, but on the old and
existing forts, with their great romantic and historical interest.
English Ancestral Homes of Noted
Americans
By ANNE HOLLINGSWORTH WHARTON.
29 illus,
trations. Ornamental cloth, gilt top. Net, $2.00. Half mor.,
nel, $4.50.
George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, the Pilgrim Fathers,
William Penn, Virginia Cavaliers, and other noted Americans are
traced to their English ancestral homes, with much entertaining
and interesting information gathered on the way.
The Civilization of Babylonia and
Assyria
By MORRIS JASTROW, JR., Professor of Semitic
Languages, University of Pennsylvania. 164 illus-
trations. $6.00 net.
The only book on the subject treating of the entire civilization of
these ancient nations — languages, laws, religions, customs,
buildings, etc. other books have treated only partial phases.
A NewArtWork by the Master Draughtsman of the Age
Joseph Pennell's Pictures In the Land
of Temples
Containing 40 plates in photogravure of Mr. Pennell's wonderful
drawings with notes by the artist. Octavo, lithograph on
cover. $1.25 nel.
Happiness Follows in the Wake of
Heart's Content
By RALPH HENRY BARBOUR
Romance and plenty of it; fun and plenty of
it; a happy man who "starts things" and
who at the end makes a woman happy, too.
The beautiful illustrations in color by H.
Weston Taylor, the page decorations, hand-
some binding and the tasteful sealed package
are exquisite.
$1.50 net,
Good Fiction for Christmas Giving
The Little Iliad By MAURICE HEWLETT
“Irresistibly appealing."--Boston Tam-
script. “Bound to be a success."-Phila.
Public Ledger. “A distinctly original plot.
- Chicago Herald. "An unexpected gaily
ironic ending."—N. Y. Times. "A sheer
delight from the first page to the last.
Phila. Press.
$1.35 net.
A Man's Hearth By ELEANOR M. INGRAM
An appealing story of a young man's struggle
to manhood. There is also a heroine who
plays her beautiful part in this inspiring and
very human tale. Illustrated in color.
$1.25 net.
The Man from the Bitter Roots
By CAROLINE LOCKHART
It is better than Me-Smith." You'll
enjoy the funny wise sayings of Uncle Billy,
and a tense eagerness will hold you through-
out every scene in this story of the powerful,
quiet, competent Bruce Burt. Illustrated
in color.
$1.25 net.
The Obsession of Victoria Gracen
By GRACE L. H. LUTZ
The author of "Marcia Schuyler," "Mi-
randa," "Lo Michael," etc., has here written
a story for the serious minded reader. It is
the altogether entertaining account of what
one fine woman did for her home town and
its inhabitants. Illustrated in color.
$1.25 net.
Make the Boys and Girls Happy with These
American Boys' Book of Bugs, Butter-
flies and Beetles By DAN BEARD
280 illustrations, some in color. A practical
book about bugs, butterflies, and beetles, by
the Founder of the first Boy Scouts. Dan
Beard knows what boys enjoy. In his hands
the subject becomes of live interest to wide-
awake boys, and he tells them just what they
want to know.
$2.00 net.
Gold Seekers of'49 By EDWIN L. SABIN
Trail Blazers' story of California and Panama.
Illustrated.
$1.25 net.
The Boy Scouts of Snow Shoe Lodge
By RUPERT SARGENT HOLLAND
Boy Scouts' winter sports and experiences in
the Adirondacks. Illustrated. $1.25 net.
Winona of the Camp Fire “Wohelo!"
By MARGARET WIDDEMER
Author of “The Rose Garden Husband."
Camp Fire Girls' fun and adventure. Illus-
trated.
$1.25 nel.
Heidi By JOHANNA SPYRI
Translated by Elizabeth P. Stork. Stories
All Children Love Series — the best illus-
trated, best printed, best translated edition
of this famous story. With Maria L. Kirk's
colored illustrations. Cloth. $1.25 net.
Publishers J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY Philadelphia


538
(Dec. 9
THE DIAL
Books Suitable for Christmas Gifts
Dante and Other
Waning Classics
By ALBERT MORDELL
Bound in cloth
Price $1.00 net
The author shows that the literary value of the masterpieces
of six authors, Dante, Milton, Bunyan, a Kempis, St. Augus-
tine and Pascal, has waned in proportion to the extent and
falsity of the theology pervading them.
Boston Transcript:. “One cannot help agreeing with the
author in most of his contentions.'
Philadelphia Press: “A remarkable book, the product of a
mind that has learned much and thought much and will yet
be heard from in American literature.
a
For the General Reader
Chaucer and His Poetry. G. L. Kittredge. $1.25.
The Georgics and Eclogues of Virgil. Translated by
Theodore Chickering Williams. $1.00.
Two Commencement Addresses. H. C. Lodge. 35c.
Three Philosophical Poets. By George Santayana.
Essays on Lucretius, Dante, Goethe. $2.25.
Chivalry in English Literature. By William Henry
Schofield. $2.25.
Comedies of Holberg. By O. J. Campbell, Jr. $2.50.
Mediaeval Spanish Allegory By C. R. Post. $2.50.
For the Student of Public Affairs
Essays in Social Justice. By T. N. Carver. $2.00.
The Governments of France, Italy, and Germany.
By A. Lawrence Lowell. $1.25.
The Second Partition of Poland. By R. H. Lord. $2.25.
Bibliography of Municipal Government. By W. B.
Munro. $2.50.
Guide to Reading in Social Ethics. $1.25.
For the Business Man
Some Aspects of the Tariff Question. By F. W.
Taussig. $2.00.
Some Problems in Market Distribution. By A. W.
Shaw. $1.00.
Scientific Management. By C. B. Thompson. $4.00.
The Trust Problem. By E. D. Durand. $1.00.
For Parents and Housekeepers
The Care of Children. By Dr. J. L. Morse. 50c.
Preservatives in Foods. By Dr. O. Folin. 50c.
The Care of the skin. By Dr. C. J. White. 50c.
Care of the Sick Room. By Dr. E. G. Cutler.
50c.
The Care of the Teeth. By Dr. C. A. Brackett. 50c.
The Shifting of
Literary Values
By ALBERT MORDELL
Paper bound
Price 50 ets. net
George Brandes : “You have treated the subject with a cer:
tain superiority. I think that you are very well gifted."
Sir Arthur W. Pinero: “An exhaustive and thoughtfu
work."
Archibald Henderson in the Sewance Review: “No other
writer, so far as I can recall, has outlined the ideas in so
concrete and explicit a form, and in a single work, as has
Mr. Mordell."
HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS
23 University Hall, Cambridge, Mass.
ACROPOLIS PUBLISHING CO.
4169 Leidy Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.
The Yale Review

The New American Quarterly
is not a Yale University review. It is an Ameri-
can review. More even than an American review,
it is a cosmopolitan review, and that of the high-
est order.
Its articles on foreign afairs and American politics,
the literary essays, the brilliant discussions of the
theatre, peace and war, feminism and the press,
have already won attention both in this country
and abroad.
"Here is a variety of good, sound stuff for studious
reading, a little library in itself .
nothing better of its kind and class, that we know of,
in the land."-Hartford Courant.
• There is
A reduced illustration from the December issue of
The Print-Collector's
Quarterly
THE YALE PUBLISHING ASSOCIATION
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( CLIP AND MAIL THIS COUPON)
THE YALE REVIEW,
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You may enter my subscription for 1916, at $2.50, and send me,
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which contains Mr. A. E. Gallatin's article,
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HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
4 Park St., Boston, Mass.
City...


1915)
539
THE DIAL
BOOKS FOR CHRISTMAS
One of the Most Imporant Gift Books of the Year
ON THE TRAIL OF
TRAIL OF STEVENSON
By CLAYTON HAMILTON
With 25 drawings by Walter Hale
Mr. Hamilton knows Stevenson better than any other man of the new literary generation. In this book he follows the trail
of the master through childhood and youth in Edinburgh, and through his vagabond journeys in the rest of Scotland and on the
Continent. The latter portion of the book deals with R. L. S. in America, with special reference to Saranac Lake and Dr. Trudeau.
This will be of particular interest, for it is the first adequate treatment of this period of Stevenson's life. Walter Hale is another
lover of Stevenson, and his twenty-six sketches of places described in Stevenson's stories form a very important part of the book.
Distinctively bound and printed.
Net, $3.00
"An Inspiration to Every Girl Who Has to Work"-N. Y. Evening Sun
THE STORY OF JULIA PAGE
By KATHLEEN NORRIS, Author of “Mother,"
," "Saturday's Child," etc.
The story of a girl who proved that family and wealth are not necessary to make a woman of culture. "Julia Page rings true
as steel from start to finish. She is a real personality that refuses to be forgotten."-The Bookman.
Frontis. Nel, $1.35
a
A New Kipling Book
FRANCE AT WAR
Including his famous poem “France," never before in book
form. The N. Y. Globe says: “Kipling writes about France
as a lover of his beloved. His picture of France at War'
has the same effect as the singing of the 'Marseillaise.'
Net, 50 cents.
.
INTERIOR DECORATION
Its Principles and Practice, by FRANK ALVAH PARSONS,
President of the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts.
69 illustrations.
Net, $3.00
IVORY AND THE ELEPHANT
By GEORGE F. KUNZ, Gem Expert for Tiffany & Co.
More than 100 illustrations.
Net, $5.00
David Grayson's First Novel
HEMPFIELD An American Novel
In which David Grayson has an adventure in country
journalism.
The New York Times says: "This newest adventure' will
take its place among the group of novels that are really Ameri-
can, through and through. Anthy is one of the realest and most
lovable heroines of contemporary American fiction."
Illustrated by THOMAS FOGARTY. Net, $1.35. Leather, net, $1.50.
THE DUAL ALLIANCE
A Dainty New Love Story. By MARJORIE BENTON COOKE,
author of "Bambi. Illustrated and Decorated. Nel, $1.00
THE GARDEN BLUE BOOK
A Manual of the Perennial Garden. By LEICESTER B.
HOLLAND. With more than 200 illustrations and Color
Chart for Garden Planting.
Net, $3.50
KIPLING'S INDIA
By ARLEY MUNSON. A unique book for all Kipling lovers.
45 illustrations of Kipling places.
QUILTS
Their Story and How to Make Them. By MARIE B. WEB-
STER. The only book of its kind. 60 illustrations in black
and white; 15 in full color. Nel, $2.50. De Luxe Edition
(limited to 125 copies).
Net, $5.00
THE CO-CITIZENS
By CORRA HARRIS. Life calls it “As full of character
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STS) DOUBLE DAY, PAGE & CO.


540
(Dec. 9
THE DIAL
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, ,


1915)
541
THE DIAL
THE GREAT BIG
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LITTLE, BROWN & CO., Publishers, Boston, Mass.


542
[Dec. 9
THE DIAL
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1915)
543
THE DIAL
The Literary “Find” of the Year
What It Is:-
“Lafcadio Hearn sat himself down before a company of keen, alert young Japa-
nese-how keen and alert nobody can fully understand who has not himself met such
a company-in a university lecture room and talked to them right out of his head,
just as the fancy moved him. He had no text-book before him, and no notes. He
just talked, in a simple, direct, intimate, colloquial fashion, about the authors and
books that thronged the chambers and shelves of his own compendious mind. He
talked discursively, after the style of a peripatetic philosopher, yet always coherently
and logically. He talked slowly, too; partly because he had to think out what he was
to say as he went along, and partly because he was speaking in a language somewhat
unfamiliar to his hearers, and he wanted them to comprehend his words. So de-
liberately did he talk, indeed, that some of his hearers were able with nimble hands
to write down verbatim what he said, and it is from these reports of his lectures, thus
prepared, that these volumes ("Interpretations of Literature,” by Lafcadio Hearn)
have been compiled. There are in them, consequently, a spontaneity and a sympa-
thetic charm which must have been compelling and convincing to his Japanese hearers,
and which will prove no less triumphant among his American readers.”—New York
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What Critics Say:-
"The supreme value of the work for present consideration is the efficiency of its interpretations
of English literature to English readers, who perhaps are as much in need of such service as were
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“A body of the finest kind of criticism, so far as substance is concerned, almost meriting Professor
Erskine's sweeping claim that it is ‘unmatched in English unless we 'return to Coleridge, and in
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"In publishing the lectures which Lafcadio Hearn delivered at Tokio University from 1896 to
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D. 12-15


544
(Dec. 9, 1915
THE DIAL
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THE DIAL
A Fortnightly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAGE
66
it seems,
Vol. LIX. DECEMBER 9, 1915 No. 707
WILLIAM MORRIS AND THE WORLD
TO-DAY.
CONTENTS.
“I have not been well, and there have been
WILLIAM MORRIS AND THE WORLD TO- other troubles of which I won't speak, and the
DAY. T. D. A. Cockerell
545
sum of all has rather made me break down. I
SOME AMERICAN NOVELISTS AND THE
hope I am not quite unhumble, or want to be the
LAME ART. H. W. Boynton
548
only person in the world untroubled; but I have
been ever loth to think that there were no people
LITERARY AFFAIRS IN LONDON. (Special going through life, not without pain indeed, but
London Correspondence.) J. C. Squire . . 549 with simplicity and free from blinding entangle-
New Publishing Activities.—An All-Embrac- ments. Such an one I want to be, and my faith
ing Epic.— The Christmas Book Season.-
is that it is possible for most men to be no worse.
War Books.- A Prohibited Novel. - Mr.
Yet indeed I am older, and the year is evil; the
Shaw's New Play.
summerless season, and famine and war, and the
CASUAL COMMENT
folly of peoples come back again, as it were, and
551
A graceful acknowledgment of a literary
the more and more obvious death of art before
honor.— Exceptions to the rule of easy writ-
it rises again, are heavy matters to a small crea-
ing and hard reading.–An embargo on liter-
ture like me, who cannot choose but think about
ature.— Bill Pratt, saw-buck philosopher.- them, and can mend them scarce a whit.”
A word about academy-making.- Simple
Thus wrote William Morris to Mrs. Burne-
Simons of the censorship.— " The greatest
menace to universal education.”— Some anec-
Jones in 1882. Thus could many of us write
dotes of the late Sir James Murray.-A con- to-day. Whether we regard the European
tribution to the curiosities of literature.-
chaos, or our own poor success in dealing with
Gems of purest ray serene. —
- Reading with
the eyes.-A defence of fine library build-
labor of head or hand, or the present state of
ings.— Frenzied fonetics.
the arts, they are heavy matters for us, who,
can mend them scarce a whit."
COMMUNICATIONS
555
Some Further Remarks about Bryant. John
Perhaps the dominant national feeling, the
L. Hervey.
undercurrent which indicates the real flow of
Once in a Blue Moon. Alma Luise Olson.
the river, is that of distress and incompetence.
More about Diphthongs. Frank H. Vizetelly
and Wallace Rice.
To escape it, we gyrate in the eddies, think
Imagism and Plagiarism. Arthur Davison and do the superficial things, and hope that
Ficke.
God at least is looking after His work.
NEW VIEWS OF STEVENSON. Clark S.
Those who would criticize us, as indeed
Northup.
561 we criticize ourselves, may fairly be asked to
consider whether, after all, they are not wit-
CLASSICS ON THE ART OF ACTING. H. C.
Chatfield-Taylor .
564 nessing a necessary stage of our evolution.
We feel that it must be so, and therein is one
TRIUMPHS OF GERMAN STATE SOCIAL-
ISM. Frederic Austin Ogg .
ray of hope. Some one has said that a man
who had never reached the conclusion that he
BACONIZING SHAKESPEARE. Samuel A.
was an ass, was indeed one, with little chance
Tannenbaum
567
of redemption. It may be so with nations.
A CURIOSITY IN LITERARY HISTORY.
Out of all this came Morris, as we also must
Benj. M. Woodbridge .
571
come, with a programme of salvation. It was
RECENT FICTION. Edward E. Hale .
573 the present writer's privilege to know him in
the days of his active Socialistic propaganda,
HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS — II.
575
Biography and History.—Travel and Descrip-
and to hear him read, when it was new, his
tion.- Nature and Out-Door Life.— Miscel- stirring " Message of the March Wind":
laneous.
“ Yet, love, as we wend, the wind bloweth behind
NOTES
580
And beareth the last tale it telleth tonight,
TOPICS IN DECEMBER PERIODICALS 581 How here in the spring-tide the message shall
.
• 566
.
us,
.
find us;
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
582
For the hope that none seeketh is coming to light.
.


546
(Dec. 9
THE DIAL
“Like the seed of midwinter, unheeded, unperished, should be left speaking, as he certainly would
Like the autumn-sown wheat 'neath the snow have been, to a baby in a ‘pram'!”
lying green,
Like the love that o'ertook us, unawares and
So it seemed that all this wave of hope
uncherished,
and enthusiasm surged against stone walls,
Like the babe 'neath thy girdle that groweth rebounding upon itself. Even among the
unseen;
comrades, within the Socialist League, dissen-
tion arose, and eventually active educational
“So the hope of the people now buddeth and
groweth,
propaganda was abandoned by Morris him-
Rest fadeth before it, and blindness and fear; self, who took to new and wonderful forms
It biddeth us learn all the wisdom it knoweth; of art, whereby we all profit greatly to this
It hath found us and held us, and biddeth us
day.
hear.
It would be logical to ask whether Morris's
“For it beareth the message: 'Rise up on the
earlier pessimism did not better express the
morrow,
reality of things; whether we, in our doubt
And go on your ways toward the doubt and the
and hesitation, are not facing the real world
strife:
with an understanding of its nature. It
Join hope to our hope and blend sorrow with
would be easy to defend ourselves with an
sorrow,
And seek for men's love in the short days of intellectual cynicism, or to pacify our con-
life.'"
sciences with a programme presenting only
And again, in his lecture on "The Aims of the outward appearance of activity. To one
Art," he says:
who has lived through the last thirty years,
“ The world's roughness, falseness, and injus-
observing the progress of events, it does in-
tice, will bring about their natural consequences,
deed appear ludicrous that some of us could
and we and our lives are part of those conse- have believed the "industrial revolution"
quences; but since we inherit also the conse- would come before the end of the century;
quences of old resistance to those curses, let us
but it is none the less evident that the seed so
each look to it to have our fair share of that in-
heritance also, which, if nothing else come of it
. passionately sown has brought its harvest.
will at least bring to us courage and hope; that is
The gain was real and substantial, and his-
eager life while we live, which is above all things tory will see, not poor little crowds of stupid
the Aim of Art."
people bearing witness, but the whole wide
So Morris, in a blue suit, looking like some
world.
sea-captain, stood at street corners on Sunday It was extremely characteristic of Morris
mornings, and tried to give his message to the that he threw himself whole-heartedly into
public. Two or three of us, his comrades of whatever he chose to do. He had no patience
the Socialist League, would form the nucleus with half measures. I remember his scorn
of a crowd; miscellaneous passers-by would when the committee of the League had the
stop to see what was going on, and the indif- posters announcing the meetings printed on
ferent little assemblages would be treated to pinkish paper, instead of full red. “Why,"
lectures which many would now pay a good he said, “it looks like revolution and water! ”
price to hear. John Burns tells a good story He was essentially constructive in all his aims.
of an occasion when he went out with Morris The Socialistic propaganda took the form of
on behalf of the propaganda. Burns, who has an attack on existing society, and to super-
a voice like a fog-horn, started things, and the ficial people it might seem only an effort to
inhabitants of the little village began to as- destroy; but the mind of Morris, if not of all
semble. The crowd obtained, Burns gave way his followers, was illumined by a vision of
to Morris, who was warming up to his subject, what might be. Must it not be the same with
when Burns plucked his sleeve and warned us! If our present condition, nationally and
him to stop. Morris obeyed, but was visibly individually, is but a stage, well and good.
annoyed, and wanted to know what was the It remains, however, to see that something
matter with his speech or with the crowd. positive, genuine, and purposeful comes out
“Well,” said Burns, “I had seen what Mor- of it all. The spirit of America must emerge
ris had overlooked, that the adjacent 'pub' as a real contribution to civilization,
It can
had just opened, and I didn't think it fitting hardly be said to-day that our literature, our
that the author of The Earthly Paradise' educational institutions, or our political or-
6


1915]
547
THE DIAL
6%
ganizations are adequately dealing with the at the neighbours' bidding whereso they will; not
problems they confront; they are instead necks of men shall I smite, but the stalks of the
seeking lines of the least resistance, trying to
tall wheat, and the boles of the timber-trees which
the wood reeve hath marked for felling; the stilts
do what good they can without inconvenience.
of the plough rather than the hilts of the sword
One is almost ready to believe that the Uni-
shall harden my hands; my shafts shall be for
versity, which seems to represent the high- the deer, and my spears for the wood-boar, till war
water mark of our intellectual attainment,
and sorrow fall upon us, and I fight for the ceas-
must suffer from the frailty of its weakest ing of war and trouble
. And though I be called a
chief and of the blood of chiefs, yet shall I not be
link; gathering together the best the country masterful to the goodmen of the Dale, but rather
affords, and then levelling downward. Such to my hound; for my chieftainship shall be that I
a statement is too extreme; to express it is to shall be well beloved and trusted, and that no man
fall in some measure into the pessimism we
shall grudge against me. Canst thou learn to love
such a life, which to me seemeth lovely?'”
condemn; yet it remains true that unless we
I should like to see this passage graven on a
can react to evil as Morris did, rising on
wings of seemingly quixotic hope, we must be tablet
, and set in one of the great railroad
written down as having failed when failure
stations of this country, where the seething
was most calamitous to the human race.
mass of humanity daily passing through
might pause for a moment and read. Yet in
Recently I witnessed a curiously mixed reading, we must not let the musical charm
of the language fill our minds to the exclusion
programme in the local theatre. The first
of the deeper thought it conveys. The Mor-
part of the evening saw the production of a
risian doctrine, here expressed, is that happi-
long "movie" play, a tale of the wild west,
ness lies in normal self-activity, in doing a
dramatic, bloodthirsty, and highly moral.
multitude of little things to serve our needs
The second event was a drama with real
and those of our fellows. The “ War Brides”
actors,—“War Brides," done by members of
drama is first of all an exposure of the
the women's club, and done extremely well.
Little as these matters seemed to be related, erful as a plea against unjust suppression, the
hideousness of war; but it is hardly less pow-
the thoughts they initiated finally met each
denial of the right to be and do.
Our sons
other on the cross-roads, and recognized a
kinship. The combined result led back to the
and daughters shall live their proper useful
memory of William Morris, and of his plans external authority, be fed into the jaws of the
,
for human happiness.
war machine. Nay, if they must come to that,
In “ The Roots of the Mountains
there shall be no sons and daughters.
a picture of peaceful activity, which for its
beauty and eloquence, as well as its appro-
All this is evident; but what, in this con-
The outgoing
priateness to the present time, is perhaps nection, of the “movies ” ?
thought was this: that whereas we rebel, and
unsurpassed :
must rebel, against forceful injustice and
“«Sweet friend,' he said, what thou sayest is
better than well; for time shall be, if we come
suppression, we may ourselves do what we
alive out of this pass of battle and bitter strife,
will not permit others to compel, voluntarily
when I shall lead thee into Burgdale to dwell there. abandoning our proper activities. Morris
And thou wottest of our people that there is little always rebelled against the tendency to allow
strife and grudging amongst them, and that they
are merry, and fair to look on, both men and
machines to usurp the pleasurable work of
women; and no man there lacketh what the earth
man, "labor saving" devices, to save us from
may give us, and it is a saying amongst us that that which really makes life worth living. He
there may a man have that which he desireth save hardly contemplated such degradation as the
the sun and moon in his hands to play with; and turning of our play also over to machines.
of this gladness, which is made up of many little
The "movies" may be moral or instructive,
matters, what story may be told? Yet amongst it
I shall live and thou with me; and ill indeed it or may be otherwise, but the "movie" mania,
were if it wearied thee and thou wert ever longing like that of athletic "fans," means the ever
for some day of victorious strife, and to behold me greater extension of sloth, the replacement
coming back from battle high-raised on the shields
of the humble happy play of other years by
of men and crowned with bay; if thine ears must
ever be tickled with the talk of men and their
the mere contemplation of things. Morris did
songs concerning my warrior deeds. For thus it indeed recognize and insist upon the impor-
shall not be. When I drive the herds it shall be tance of satisfying the “period of idleness,"
we find
6
6


548
(Dec. 9
THE DIAL
which was one of the great aims of art, but ancient and lamentable_fallacies, and had
he dreaded the cheapening of endeavor by ignored the real issue. Here, if we had pos-
competition with devices intended to curtail sessed such a thing as a critic, would have
the expenditure of human energy. It was for
been an appropriate moment to call upon
this reason that he wrote his “News from him, so that we might at least stand a chance
Nowhere," to stand against the picture pre-
of discovering what we were talking about.
In default of that, the "Atlantic" did the
sented by Bellamy's "Looking Backward."
best it could by calling upon a second popular
The moving picture, reasonably used, is a
American novelist, Mr. Meredith Nicholson,
beneficial invention; even Morris would never to take up the cudgels in the cause, whatever
have gone so far as to regret the existence of that might be. Mr. Nicholson, in The Open
the printing press, in which machinery takes Season for American Novelists,” turned out
the place of hand-work on a vast scale. Argu- a very graceful and amusing piece of writing,
ing as a lawyer, we can make it appear that in the course of which he gently chaffed Mr.
there is no logical basis for objecting to mod Garnett, Mr. Wister, and the rest of us, and
ern methods of entertainment; yet those who
came to the sound conclusion that, after
thoughtfully contemplate the facts have rea-
all, there is nothing whatever to be gained
for American literature by the habit of
son to be alarmed lest we, having won free-
scolding.
dom and peace, may sacrifice the due fruits
Well, some of us breathed easier after that.
of these blessings to the god of sloth.
It was reassuring to feel that our literary
T. D. A. COCKERELL. estate was not so desperate that it could not
still be smiled about. To be sure, Mr. Nichol-
son had not altogether cleared up the situa-
SOME AMERICAN NOVELISTS AND
tion, and there might still have been room, if
THE LAME ART.
we had had a critic. However, that being
-
out of the question, the little exchange of
A very pretty quarrel seems to be going on more or less random shots seemed to be in
in the pages of "The Atlantic Monthly." It
some sense over”; when lo! in the current
is taking a somewhat leisurely course, as it number of the "Atlantic
number of the "Atlantic" a new champion
began about a year ago. The opening shot appears, far more fierce and determined than
was fired by a red-coat, Mr. Edward Garnett, his predecessors. This, under the conditions,
introduced in the “Atlantic” (on the author- could be none other than a third popular
ity of a popular English novelist) as “the American novelist, Mr. Henry Sydnor Har-
most valuable of British critics.” If he is rison. Him, on the evidence of his bearing,
that, there was little evidence of it in “Some I take to be a volunteer, zealous for the
Remarks on American and British Fiction." cause, and actually intent upon finding out
No doubt conditions were unfavorable. The what the cause is. What he believes he has
editor of the “Atlantic" had asked him to say found is suggested by his title, “Conven-
a little something; and, without special in- tional Critics and Poor America." The issue
clination or preparation, he did just that. It is between the novelists and the people of
was only for American consumption, anyhow. | America on the one hand, and the “genteel
The result was a casual and rather bungling critics," as Mr. Wister calls them, on the
attack upon American letters, and especially other. Those gentry, as far as we can make
current American fiction. America (it is to out, are damned from the cradle, since criti.
be supposed) sat up. Clearly something must cism (unless, we suppose, as practised by
be said for our literary Stars and Stripes; popular novelists) is, according to Mr. Har-
and the “Atlantic" presently put a champion rison, “the lamest of all arts.” The sting in
in the field. This, of course, was not a critic his title is that it includes Mr. Wister! Mr.
(since we have no critics), but a popular Harrison announces with joy, which I for one
novelist and man of the world. So Mr. have not the heart to grudge him, that in his
Owen Wister, entering the arena, proclaims "Atlantic" utterance the older novelist has
in a clear voice that Mr. Garnett is right, that shown himself no better than a critic,- the
we have no current fiction of value, and that hidebound timid genteel critic whom he has
this is due to the venality or impotence of our crushed beneath a passing heel. Of course
criticism, the slack ambitions of our novelists, the new champion has no difficulty in getting
and the hopeless stupidity of our "reading under his victim's fifth (or critical) rib
public.” America sat up again. It was plain (even The Dial may be said to have done
enough that while Mr. Wister had told some that!). Mr. Harrison, taking him to repre-
home truths he had also restated many sent the best that authorised criticism” in
66


1915]
549
THE DIAL
:
America can put forward, handles him ex- the “Cambridge History of Modern Litera-
haustively. If there is anything left to be ture” has lumbered out, regardless of Arma-
done to Mr. Wister in connection with his geddon; a few small books of criticism, a few
article, “ Quack Novels and Democracy,” it bad books of verse, and a good many so-so
does not occur to us at the moment. After a novels (mostly with a war-chapter at the end!)
slight attempt at the urbane ironical manner, have also been added to the year's total. One
Mr. Harrison throws caution to the winds, of the volumes of “poetry” I really must men-
and goes at his adversary with the bare tion: no amateur of the curious can afford to
knuckles. The result is not the less amusing miss it. Its title is “ The Chronicles of Man”;
by reason of Mr. Harrison's devout conviction its author's name is C. Fillingham Coxwell;
that he is disposing of two adversaries by the poem is written in — of all things in the
knocking their heads together. Mr. Wister world — rhymed Alexandrines; and it chal-
has said that critics are fools and weaklings. lenges the position of “The Faerie Queene”
So they are. But Mr. Wister himself is one as the longest epic in the language. Modern
of them: therefore by showing up Mr. Wis- England already possessed one highly ambi-
ter's folly and feebleness you are polishing tious epic poet in the person of Mr. J. Row-
off the whole breed.
botham, an elderly gentleman who describes
For example: Mr. Wister damns the Amer- himself in advertisements as “ The Modern
ican “reading public” because some millions Homer.” He has written “The Epic of Crea-
of persons read the works of one Harold Bell tion," " The Epic of the Devil,” and so on;
Wright. Mr. Harrison makes the point that and from time to time, clad in a bardic robe. ,
there are many distinct reading publics, and he gives public recitations from them in Lon-
that most of them do, on the whole, responddon. But Mr. Coxwell beats him hollow. All
to and support good work. These are excel- knowledge is his province: and almost all
.
lent points. That they are frequently reit- knowledge has gone into his epic. It contains
erated by professional critics, and are, indeed, the whole history of man, from the Javanese
among the truisms of the trade, would no
excursions of the pithecanthropus erectus to
doubt have disabled them in Mr. Harrison's the sinking of the “Falaba.” Every religion,
mind, if he had but known!
every civilization, every great movement in
All this kind of thing is delightful if incon- politics, art, and thought, the disputations of
clusive: there appears to be no reason why it Duns Scotus, the conquests of Alexander and
should not go on for some time, since there the Grand Duke Nicholas, - everything you
doubtless other popular story-tellers can imagine passes across his screen, and he
among us, who might be induced to try their finally deposits the exhausted pilgrim of eter-
hands at the lame art of criticism.
nity upon the still contested banks of the
H. W. BOYNTON. Bzura and the Rawka. It will take the minor
versifiers of two hemispheres some time to go
one better than this.
LITERARY AFFAIRS IN LONDON.
New PUBLISHING ACTIVITIES.- AN ALL-EMBRAC-
The prospects of Christmas publishing are
ING EPIC.- THE CHRISTMAS BOOK Season.-
not bright. The organized publishers are now
WAR Books.— A PROHIBITED Novel.— MR. conducting a National Book Fortnight of
SHAW's New PLAY.
propaganda, in order to promote the con-
(Special Correspondence of THE DIAL.) sumption of their products; but it is scarcely
The publishing season drags its slow length likely that a publicity campaign will induce
along without anything of much importance people to read books who otherwise would be
appearing. Of the few notable books that do playing billiards, arguing about the war, or
appear, most are translations; and among going to what are now called Cinedromes and,
them there are some of old books of which last abomination of all, Picturedromes. A cer-
we could well have done with English versions tain number of expensive gift books have
before. The firm of Stanley Paul, for exam- begun to appear; one of the best actually
ple, is issuing a six-volume edition of Saint | breaks new ground, being a book on Bridges
Simon's Memoirs, containing all one wants of beautifully illustrated by Mr. Frank Brang-
them; and Nelson's have very enterprisingly wyn. But nobody can really say how far
brought out a much compressed but very well people will abstain from this kind of Christ-
chosen translation of the Journal of the de mas present; a partner in one very promi-
Goncourts, a book which gives a better idea of nent firm tells me that the only picture-book
nineteenth century literary France than any of the kind that is to come from his office is
other work ever written. Another volume of one which was originally to be priced at a
are


550
(Dec. 9
THE DIAL
guinea, and which is now, owing to the econ- newal of newspaper discussion on the literary
omical proclivities of the war-time public, to censorship, and, probably, manifestos by all
be priced at six shillings. Pessimism is not our advanced littérateurs concerning the
universal: a few publishers are doing well, necessity of securing free speech for the artist.
and immense quantities of sevenpenny re-
It is not that “ The Rainbow” has many ad-
prints are being sold. But publishers as a mirers. It is a dull book, choppily written;
body do not expect their Christmas to be as and there is a gloomy ferocity about its
Merry as usual.
author's insistence upon the physical phe-
Some people, perhaps, may be tempted into nomena of sex which you could scarcely find
unintentional irony by the chance of giving in any other English-speaking novelist. Parts
their friends new War Books as Christmas of it are certainly repulsive; and all of it is
presents. I need scarcely say that the war morbid. The grievance is, not that a great
books are still pouring out, though few of work of art has been lost to the world by what
them can be really profitable to their pro- Americans, I believe, call Comstockery; but
ducers. The flood shrank a little in the sum- that the book is no more offensive than many
mer; almost every person with a name in any works which are not interfered with; and that,
sort of sphere had written a War Book, and in any case, it is desirable that the greatest
we hoped for a rest. But no: they were possible amount of rope should, on principle,
merely pausing to return with reinvigorated be allowed to writers whose bona fides is un-
lungs. Mr. G. K. Chesterton is about to pro- questionable.
questionable. And Mr. Lawrence's certainly
duce his third war book: and, needless to is. His seriousness is so profound as to be
remark, what he has to say is epoch-making almost painful to watch.
compared with what most of the others emit. He has undeniably a strain of genius in him,
A few intelligent and thoughtful works are though “ The Rainbow” itself is an exceed-
buried in the mass; but the vapidity, banality, ingly tedious affair. This strain comes out,
and, above all, egoism of the great majority to some extent, in his early novels (he is still
of them are indescribable. Why, merely be only twenty-eight), but still more in “Sons
cause there is a war on, should Professor and Lovers," in the volume of short stories
Bilgewater write about Nietzsche,- of whom, called “The Prussian Officer," and in his
two years ago, he had never heard? Why, verse. He has written nothing perfect; his is
because France has been invaded, should Miss an achievement of flashes. But even those
Marianne Nokes, normally a purveyor of su- who are most repelled by his brutality and his
burban fiction, give us pictures of herself with obsession with the body — he appears to be
France as a background? Day after day under the influence of Freud, and there is a
they surge forth: "Life in a German Grocer's good deal of Strindberg in him — recognize
Family,” “Attila and the Kaiser," "Krupp the occasional wonderful exactitude of his
and Kultur,” “ The Real Schopenhauer," "Ar- observation and his phraseology. There are
mageddon and After," "My Week in a Hos- sentences in his writing which burn across the
pital,” “What I Think of the War," "A Short- page like flames leaping into the smoky mid-
Story Writer in Tortured Belgium," "The
a The night pall of a factory district. His gifts are
Alsace-Lorraine Problem through Sussex gifts of sight; his defects are defects of
Eyes,” — “O God! O Montreal!" as Samuel thought. Philosophizing is obscuring his
Butler remarked when he met the man whose spark of genius; if he does not pull himself
brother-in-law had been haberdasher to Mr.
together his work will deteriorate. But he is
Spurgeon. It is small consolation to feel that
one of the very few men amongst the younger
the civilian populations of our enemies' coun-
English novelists who is worth a second look.
tries are going through a similar ordeal.
He has a strong and compact body of ad-
mirers; and there has naturally been a good
deal of indignation at his name being dragged
The one mild literary sensation of the
through the mud in a police court and his
autumn has been the prosecution and confis-
novel being stigmatized by a shocked barrister
cation of Mr. D. H. Lawrence's new novel,
as "a bawdy volume.” If they had let the
“ The Rainbow.” The prosecution resulted book alone its dulness would have condemned
from some exceedingly intemperate criticisms it to an early oblivion; as it is, one hears that
in the press; one of our horrified mandarins
such copies as have got about are changing
even going so far as to say that Zola is hands privately at fabulous prices!
"child's food” to Lawrence—which is asinine.
Had it not been for the predominance of a No sooner had this case been heard than there
somewhat more important subject of public was a rumor that the production of Mr. Shaw's
interest, we should certainly have had a re- new play, “O'Flaherty V. C.,” which is an-
-
6


1915)
551
THE DIAL
.
nounced to be put on at the Abbey Theatre, how he shall convey to you my sense of the
Dublin, shortly, had been forbidden by the supreme honor which your award of the
authorities. The play has not been published ‘Medal for Fiction' has done me. In the last
but one knows roughly its drift. When the analysis I find this sense a sort of dismay
great Michael O'Leary won his Victoria Cross which it would be difficult to render. Yet I
an evil story went round London. It was to will not pretend that it is altogether the
the effect that, on hearing, in her remote unexpected that has happened, or that, with
Hibernian retreat of her son's great feat, the whatever consciousness of demerit, I did not
hero's mother observed, "I always knew that hope it might happen. . . So far as pure criti-
Michael was the broth of a bhoy, but I little cism has governed your vote, I might say that
thought that I would live to see the day when the novelist to whom you have done the great-
he would kill eight by Englishmen."
-y Englishmen.” The est honor that the world could do him has
complex relations of Irishmen towards each striven for excellence in his art with no
other, towards England, and towards the war divided motive, unless the constant endeavor
naturally lured Mr. Shaw; something of the for truth is want of fealty to fiction. The
spirit, and even of the letter, of the O'Leary fashion of this world passes away, and I have
anecdote has got into the play; and though the seen it come and go in my art, or phases of it.
dramatist's conclusions as to Irishmen's course The best novel of my day is not the best novel
of action are, from an Englishman's point of of yours in some of these.” Finally, says Mr.
view, admirable, it is a perilous thing to make Howells, “I prize your award more than all
jests at a time like this. However, as I write, the words of my many books could say.”
the report of the “banning” of the play is
contradicted, and we may possibly see it after
EXCEPTIONS TO THE RULE OF EASY WRITING
all. Mr. Shaw's preoccupation with the top-
ical in the last year has not been quite com-
AND HARD READING are probably, if the truth
plete. He has written a preface for his forth-
were known, not many. The man who with-
coming volume of plays ("Androcles,” etc.), literary expression is not born oftener than
out conscious effort masters the art of perfect
which is said to be the best preface he has ever
done. It examines Christianity and the Bible
once in a century, though examples are not
wanting of remarkable effectiveness in the use
de novo; and it concludes, I understand, with
the suggestion, Why not Try Christianity?
of the pen on the part of men given to action
rather than to letters. We approve and
That is a very revolutionary proposal.
admire the conscientious toil of a Flaubert
J. C. SQUIRE. agonizing for the one supremely appropriate
London, November 22, 1915.
word, and of a Pater with his little squares
of paper on which he wrote and re-wrote his
exquisite sentences, which he afterward re-
CASUAL COMMENT.
vised and re-revised in the proof; but we greet
with a more spontaneous burst of applause
A GRACEFUL ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF A LIT- him who dashes off his literary masterpiece
ERARY HONOR comes from Mr. Howells's pen with one rapid stroke of the pen. Lincoln's
on the occasion of the award to him, by the Gettysburg address, hastily pencilled on the
National Institute of Arts and Letters, of its backs of old envelopes on the train that was
gold medal, the highest distinction bestowed carrying him to the place of delivery, is a
by that body for achievement in any of the classic, even though a somewhat mythical,
fine arts. Especially noteworthy is this instance; and Grant's facility of impromptu
award because he is the first novelist to be written expression as shown by his despatches
thus honored, and his words of acceptance from the field, and to some extent, one sus-
were both worthy of the occasion and finely pects, by his published memoirs, is another
illustrative of his style as a master of English. and more authentic example. A few days ago
It is an intellectual recreation to read such Senator Lodge, addressing the Massachusetts
sentences as these from his letter of acknowl- Historical Society, paid tribute to the mem-
edgment: "A rumor of one of those good ory of its deceased president, Charles Francis
things which seem too good to be true has Adams, and in enumerating the talents and
come to me with such insistence that I must achievements of that distinguished descendant
take it for a fact, and I am asking the secre- of distinguished men took occasion to say:
tary of the Institute to acknowledge it for me. "From the earliest beginnings in the days of
I know he will fitly account for my not doing the college and the law office he wrote easily
this in person, and I will not hamper him and well. He seems never to have passed
with any expression of my preference as to through the severe struggle necessary to most


552
(Dec. 9
THE DIAL
men when learning to express themselves in Bill's life and labors have been made the sub-
writing with force and lucidity. Yet the old ject of a book, they have been preserved for
saying that easy writing makes hard reading all time in literary form, by two alumni who
does not apply in his case. All that Charles were in college with Bill, though not reciting
Adams wrote is eminently readable." Never- from exactly the same textbook or pursuing
theless the old saying is one that very few can the same courses with him. It was meet that
afford to forget.
he should have his history related by Williams
men, for he was himself first and foremost a
AN EMBARGO ON LITERATURE would seem to Williams man, “He had wormed his way
mean a relapse into the dark ages. That a
into college life,” says his biography, “far
highly cultured nation of western Europe back in the homespun times when there
should adopt measures to prevent the export w
war n't no buildin's there but East College,
of printed matter, of any class not clearly West College, and the gable-end of a car-
obnoxious, would have seemed, a year and a tridge-box,' and he refused to be counted out.
half ago, a ludicrously absurd impossibility. It troubled him little that he had no learning,
Yet to-day we have an English correspondent for he had learned to love life and could teach
of the New York “Evening Post " writing even the students themselves something on
thus to that journal: “All our liberties are that score.” Through six decades Bill sawed
being taken from us one by one, and after wood, blacked stoves, sold apples and pop-
to-morrow (or a few days later) we may send corn, “made music," practised oratory, and
no more pamphlets to America. Militarism is upheld the dignity and glory of his adopted
daily more and more fastening itself upon us, college, as will be found duly recorded in his
and many of us cannot see where the differ-
authorized biography, by Mr. John Sheridan
ence lies between our militarism and the Prus- Zelie and Mr. Carroll Perry. From this book,
sian form we are supposed to be out to kill!” | entitled “Bill Pratt the Saw-buck Philoso-
Demoralizing to any country must be the pher," and published by Mr. Talcott M.
effects of long-continued armed strife, and Banks, Williamstown, Mass., we quote, in
there is no cause for surprise in the further closing, a passage illustrative of Bill the ora-
contents of the letter, which, with a few tor. It is from "A Funeral Address delivered
changes, might have been written from any in front of West College after the passage of
one of half a dozen or more European coun- a funeral procession." "Murmur and mourn!
tries. "The degeneration of our own people. The language of life is past. The grass of
morally, intellectually, and spiritually, is the gullory is gone and the electricity of the
most serious result of the war. If I could
bay-rum tree is decided with the laments of
give you the details of what is happening refuge. Oh, he was a good man. How the
along these lines I do not think you would grasshoppers of his belief floundered with the
believe me, as it is almost impossible to believe winds of his whiffle-trees. What a burden he
it myself. The indirect evils of war are even was! What a beautiful Pharisee! By the
greater than the direct ones." A number of corduroy of his attainments and the melody
pamphlets issued by the Union of Democratic
of his magnificence he retired and the palms
Control are sent by the writer, before the of his pussy-willows wave with the Rolling
interdict goes into effect, and American aid is
Ottaw.”
asked for the work engaged in by that society.
No name is signed or address given, but A WORD ABOUT ACADEMY-MAKING, by one of
inquiry of the above-mentioned newspaper the founders of the organization from which
would perhaps elicit details.
sprang the society which in turn gave birth
to our American Academy of Arts and Let-
BILL PRATT, SAW-BUCK PHILOSOPHER, whose ters, may be of interest in connection with
memory is cherished in humorous affection by the recent annual meeting of that body and
Williams graduates of the middle and late
its bestowal of a gold medal on its absent
nineteenth century, was one of those unlau- | president, Mr. W. D. Howells. Mr. Frank B.
reated men of nondescript genius encountered Sanborn writes in his weekly Boston liter-
from time to time on every college campus,
ary letter to the Springfield "Republican":
and the source of untold entertainment and "Another society, bearing the name of the
perhaps also some inspiration to the succes- American Institute of Arts and Letters, met
sive classes that come and go, that wax and here on Thursday. This institute was
wane, while these uncatalogued stars in the formed by the Social Science mother organi-
academic firmament shine on, if not forever,zation in 1898.” Correcting some erroneous
yet often for as many decades as can be impressions prevalent in regard to this asso-
counted on the fingers of one hand. And now ciation, he continues : "Dr. Charles W.
.


1915)
553
THE DIAL
>
66
66
Eliot was never the president of the Social should think himself meant and take offense,
Scientists, who had for presidents, in succes- to the serious detriment of Great Britain and
sion, President Rogers of the 'Tech' (Mass. her allies. Again, Pope's "Lend, lend your
Institute of Technology), George William Cur- wings, I mount! I fly!” is obviously trea-
tis, President Angell of Michigan, President sonable, as if the domestic supply of aircraft
Gilman of Johns Hopkins, President White of were inadequate! Those of us who have
Cornell, Dean Wayland of Yale, Oscar S. received in our foreign mail letters tampered
Straus, F. J. Kingsbury, and others. It was a with by the censor can heap coals of fire on
nephew of Mr. Kingsbury, Dr. Holbrook Curtis his head by sending in valuable suggestions
of New York, who suggested the formation of like the foregoing.
this Institute, to be made up partly from exist-
ing members of the parent body and partly " THE GREATEST MENACE TO UNIVERSAL EDU-
from artists and authors outside, and for sev- CATION,” declares the editor of the “Wiscon-
eral years the starred list of Institute members sin Library Bulletin,” though he qualifies the
was printed in the annual Journal of Social assertion with a “possibly” that might safely
Science, which I edited for some thirty years. enough have been omitted, “is the cessation
Out of these original Institute brethren was of the educational processes immediately upon
developed a smaller body, an American leaving school."
American leaving school.” It is then urged upon all
Academy, which seeks to hold a rank like that concerned to teach the pupil the use of the
of the French Academy, and has advanced public library, since if this is done he will be
measurably in that direction.” In conclusion likely to make the library his continuation
the somewhat melancholy fact is noted that school. The school period is the time, par
"meanwhile the mother society of social excellence, “to beat a path to the public
science has gone into cold storage, and no library” and to become enamoured of its
longer holds meetings, having long outlived chaste delights. Apropos of this, or of any.
its parent, the British Social Science Associa- thing you please, there comes to mind the
tion, formed by Lord Brougham and his enthusiastic vein in which the learned Hein-
friend, G. W. Hastings, before our Civil sius, the classical philologist of Leyden, sings
War."
the praises of the library there. “I no sooner
come into the library,” said he, “than I bolt
SIMPLE SIMONS OF THE CENSORSHIP have the door to me (figuratively speaking), ex-
been provoking the mirth of Great Britain's cluding Lust, Ambition, Avarice, and all such
leading comic paper, the sprightly sheet pub- vices, whose nurse is Idleness, the mother of
lished weekly at 10 Bouverie Street, and it Ignorance and Melancholy. In the very lap
prints a few quasi-official regulations for the of eternity, amongst so many divine souls, I
,
guidance of incautious persons addicted to
take my seat with so lofty a spirit and sweet
careless quotation from the poets. Thus, one content, that I pity all our great ones and
must no longer say, or sing, or write, “ Drink rich men that knew not this happiness.”
to me only with thine eyes,” for fear of sug- Heinsius made this resort his continuation
gesting to the enemy a defective water sup- school to the end of his life of scholarly
ply. Come into the garden, Maud" should industry.
be “Come into the basement, Maud” (see
official directions). Fond memory ought until SOME ANECDOTES OF THE LATE SIR JAMES
further notice to refrain from bringing the MURRAY, editor of the monumental Oxford
light of other days, or any light whatsoever, Dictionary, are sent to us by our Paris corre-
around one, for obvious reasons (see police spondent, Mr. Theodore Stanton. While one
regulations). Even “Mary had a little of the early letters of the alphabet was being
lamb” is objectionable, as suggesting a short-dealt with, a Scotticism describing a certain
age in the food supply. All persons desirous part of the hoof of cattle puzzled the Oxford
of promoting the effectiveness of this censor- lexicographers. Finally Sir James decided to
ship are, we assume, at liberty to mention consult the tenant on his Roxburghshire farm.
other instances of dangerously ambiguous “He is very intelligent, and will tell us what
lines or couplets or stanzas. For instance, is meant by this word.” A few days later
one might point out the peril in the first line came by parcel post a package which carried
of Gray's Pindaric ode, “Ruin seize thee, with it a very strong odor, and by mail a
ruthless King!” In place of this last word letter from the farmer, who wrote: “Not
another, also beginning with K, should be understanding just what part you referred to,
substituted, lest in the present hair-trigger I thought it best to send you the whole leg.”
condition of the Balkan States King Constan- A reader of Stevenson's works for the Dic-
tine of Greece or Ferdinand of Roumania | tionary sent in a word that could be found in
66


554
(Dec. 9
THE DIAL
no other lexicon; so Sir James turned to the GEMS OF PUREST RAY SERENE from the
author himself for the definition, and by depths of the Atlantic.— not the dark un.
return of post received these lines written on fathomed caves of the ocean, but the pages
a post card: “For heaven's sake don't touch of the magazine - are gathered and displayed
that word; it is simply a typographical attractively in that annual reminder of the
error!” A story characteristic of that other swift passage of time, “The Atlantic Monthly
eccentric Oxfordian, Professor Freeman, is Almanac.” In its issue for 1916 are to be
the following: Sir James had six sons and noted, in addition to zodiacal signs,
moons in
five daughters, and to all of them he gave old all phases, useful tidings respecting tides, and
Anglo-Saxon names, the boys taking those of other like matters common to all almanacs,
the kings. Freeman dropped in one day to such bits of sifted wisdom as this by Mrs.
congratulate the Murrays on an addition to Katharine Fullerton Gerould in the October
the family, and asked: “Well, what is the issue of the magazine: “There are two argu-
name this time!” “Ethelbald, the seventh,"
Ethelbald, the seventh," ments against teaching our children Greek:
was the reply. Whereupon, the historian, so one, that it is too hard; the other, that it is
particular in minutiæ, forgetting all about the useless. No person who could be influenced
real object of his visit, remarked rather quer- | by either has the remotest conception of the
ulously, “Why, Dr. Murray, you ought to meaning or the value of culture." And here.
know that there was but one King Ethelbald.” for the month of December, are some brave
“Yes,” came the quiet reply, “but this is my words, peculiarly timely, but too little likely to
seventh."
be taken seriously in this year of (dis) grace:
“I believe that it is both possible and right to
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE CURIOSITIES OF LIT-
live like the lilies of th field and the birds of
ERATURE, however inconsiderable, is never out
the air; to sell all that one has and give to
of order among the lovers of such odds and
the poor, winning an unseen treasure; to lend
ends of unclassifiable lore. Not all the inter-
without expecting a return; to allow all that
esting things of this sort are gathered within
one has to go from one unprotesting." Once
the ample volumes of the industrious Disraeli
more: “Art for art's sake — if it ever meant
the elder. For instance, he lived too early to
what it said, which is doubtful — was always
note the following: Edward FitzGerald, as
all FitzGeraldians will recall, used to pride artist is not a man. Art was ever the servant
a vain and silly cry. As well contend that an
himself on having constructed the worst line
as well as the mistress of men, and ever will
of poetry to be found in all literature, though be.” So spake John Galsworthy. There are
Thackeray (or was it Spedding, or some other
worse books to read than almanacs some
of the FitzGerald circle?) obstinately con- almanacs.
tended with him for the honors of author-
ship.
a line in heroic metre, but READING WITH THE EYES, but not with the
hardly heroic in any other respect, and ran mind, is a lamentably easy thing to do, as
thus:
thousands have discovered to their sorrow.
"A Mr. Wilkinson, a clergyman."
It is even possible and in fact not very diffi-
The exact date of the composition of this cult to read aloud intelligibly and with some
masterpiece it would now be difficult if not degree of appropriate expression while the
impossible to ascertain, but it is safe to ascribe mind is occupied with alien matters. No be-
it to the poet's earlier years, the period of life ginning reader could do this any more than
when such inspirations are far more frequent a beginning piano pupil could render a
than in the sere and yellow leaf of senescence. Chopin nocturne while discussing the Har-
Consequently it may be placed before 1865, vard-Yale football game; but both are possi-
when there appeared a book in which we have ble with sufficient practice. Nevertheless it
discovered this identical line, buried in the is a pernicious habit to get into, this scatter-
prose of a fictitious narrative. It is enclosed ing of one's mental energies; and we learn
in no quotation marks, and the plagiarism has with approval that Professor Edward L.
every appearance of being unconscious. The Thorndike, of Teachers College, New York,
book is Anthony Trollope's “Miss Mackenzie," has invented a device for testing the child's
and the passage occurs in chapter ten, where degree of mental concentration upon the read-
Miss Baker conveys an invitation to the hero- ing matter placed before him for perusal.
ine to attend a tea-party at Miss Todd's, at No repetition by rote is required of the
which there is expected to be present, she reader, but the test is one of interpretation
says, a Mr. Wilkinson, a clergyman.” Has rather than of memory. As was to be expected
the world hitherto been conscious of the of one versed in the laboratory methods of
double fame of this clerical gentleman ? educational psychology, Dr. Thorndike has
It was


1915)
555
THE DIAL
made his test severely accurate, even mathe- reformerz." With all the schemes now ferment-
matically so, and there will be no rule-of- ing for the reform of our spelling, a person
thumb rating of the young pupil's ability to might enjoy the privilege, if he chose to
read intelligently. The subject is fully disclaim it, of writing his own name in as many
cussed in the November issue of “ The Teach- different ways as it was the pleasure of Shake-
ers College Record."
speare and others of his time to write theirs.
of ܪܕ
a
A DEFENCE OF FINE LIBRARY BUILDINGS is
made by Mr. Adam Strohm, head of the
COMMUNICATIONS.
Detroit Public Library, in his current yearly
SOME FURTHER REMARKS ABOUT BRYANT.
Report. As is well known, that city needs
and is hoping soon to have a new library
(To the Editor of The DIAL.)
building, plans for which are now under dis-
“ Youth will be served," as Mr. Jack London has
reminded us; and when it cannot be, one of its favor-
cussion. Some of the citizens advise the use
ite exclamations, a historic one, in fact, is, “ Go up,
of a cheap material for construction; others bald head!"
bald head!” In not these precise words, but in
desire a palace of marble. The proper re- words to that effect, Miss Harriet Monroe (who, as
joinder to the former class, Mr. Strohm the editress of “ Poetry,” the “ official organ
believes is this: "Mean surroundings make the “new” movement, in the beginning communi-
mean people; things of beauty cleanse our cated to it the principal propulsive power neces-
hearts. True architecture, as any other artis- sary to its launching) addressed the venerable shade
tic expression of the human mind, has a social
of William Cullen Bryant at a notable literary
function to perform in the liberal education gathering in the city of Chicago a few months ago.
I chanced to be present, and the unexpectedness of
of mankind. A building should be a dignified
the attack, as well as its unwarrantedness — or
and proper self-expression of its purpose and
what I felt to be such — caused me to contribute
of the spirit within; the revelation of one's
to THE DIAL a communication in which I endeav-
self is largely by the 'front' we make; our ored to show why Bryant, seeing that he pleaded
modes of expression, our taste revealed and most eloquently for poetical freedom, should have
good manners practised in public and in pri- been immune from such an onslaught. That Miss
vate. 'Architecture is the work of nations.' Monroe has returned to the attack, the readers of
Public statues, public buildings of charm and
THE DIAL also know — and how. Not content with
beauty are public assets —not extravagances.” condemning Bryant as a poet, she has stigmatized
him as dishonest and double-dealing as a man.
This and more in the same vein cannot but
And when, in my turn, I have sought to refute
encourage hope that the advocates of marble
these charges, she has returned yet again to her
may win the day over the advocates of con-
self-evidently so-congenial task, and endeavors to
crete. Ill fares the city where automobiles still further blacken his reputation.
accumulate and architecture decays.
I do not propose categorically to examine and
reply to the various "points" raised by Miss
Monroe in her communication of November 15.
FRENZIED FONETICS can scarcely hope to
This is because the fresh “evidence” she presents
displace our present spelling, however irra-
is too flimsy in itself and too flimsily presented to
tional that spelling may be. Attention has
call for such procedure. For instance, Miss Mon-
occasionally been called in these columns to
roe's original attack upon the integrity of Bryant
the amusing extravagances of the English
was made upon the authority of a “New York
periodical, “ The Pioneer of Simplified Spel- publisher” whom she did not name. When asked
ing." Still more startling in its proposals for for his name, she confesses that he was not a
the reform of our written speech is the little publisher at all. He was the late John Denison
publication, “Fonetik Englic,” put forth by Champlin, who was aforetime in the employ of
the house of Scribner and did for them much mis-
Mr. Edward P. Foster of Marietta, Ohio.
cellaneous editorial work. Now, for my part, I
Mr. Foster is already known to many as the
cannot accept the late Mr. Champlin as a court of
inventor of "Ro” (a universal language) and last resort in such a case. Particularly, I cannot
editor of its monthly organ, “World Speech.” because Mr. Champlin should have been one of
His conception of phonetic English is illus- the last men to bring charges of editorial sins
trated by the subjoined paragraph from the against Bryant. Miss Monroe quotes him as the
little pamphlet explaining the merits of his
chief author or compiler" of those two reference
system; “Foloiq dhi kiy tu pronunsieen works,“ Cyclopedia of Painters and Paintings
givn below wiy print paragrafs furst in ordi-
and “ Cyclopedia of Music and Musicians," — two
nary Englic speliq, and dhen, for komparisn familiar, and which I can testify are, in an edito-
works with which I happen to have long been
and praktis, in dhi propozd fonetik speliq. rial sense, not more shoddy than they are ram-
Dhis method iz dhi awtkom ov yiyrz ov study shackle works honeycombed with errors alike of
and diskucn, and korespondens widh speliq- | omission and of commission. The most pretentious
6


556
(Dec. 9
THE DIAL
66
claims were made for these works upon their ap- all rare birds poetically pursued, to a poet who,
pearance; but how jerry-built they are can easily if the biographies and bibliographies are to be
be ascertained by comparing them, critically, with trusted, has distinguished himself by many and
Bryan's and with Grove's works in the same divers editorial and journalistic labors, perpetra-
métiers.
tions of prefaces, etc., etc. If one asks, Can such
No,- I want something besides the casual chat- things be? I can only answer that they have been !
ter of the late Mr. Champlin as a basis of belief. The question of editorial ethics, upon which
But even if I did not,- observe the sweet reasona- Miss Monroe animadverts, both directly and indi-
bleness of Miss Monroe, who asks me to dismiss rectly, may be debated to infinity without ever
the printed assertions of Bryant's publishers as getting anywhere, for the plain reason that no gov-
examples of tergiversation and truth-stretching, erning canon has ever been established, nor can one
and accept the garrulities of Mr. Champlin as gos- ever be. The words "edit" and "editor" are of
pel! Observe it, furthermore, when, in her porten- an elasticity indefinable alike in latitude of inter-
tous list of publications to which Bryant basely pretation and of practice. The nature, however,
“sold his name and venerable portrait” for adver- of Bryant's editorial labors upon the “Library of
tising purposes, we find two works that appeared Poetry and Song" we have his own and his pub-
in 1879 — when Bryant himself died in June, lishers' statements for. No uncertainty — except
1878. One of these works, it appears, was pub- for the purpose of clouding the issue — exists
lished by the house of Appleton and the other by regarding them. And if the writing of an histori-
the house of Putnam,- two names which,
as all
cal Introduction extending to some 7000 words
lovers of good literature are aware, still appear in did not, in connection with his general editorial
the pages of THE DIAL devoted to publishers' oversight, up to the time of his death, of the body
announcements. Perhaps there are old members of the work (which, as has been shown, was the
of these firms yet active who can relate how the product of various pens), qualify his name to
august shade of Bryant returned from the spirit appear upon the title-page of the “ Popular His-
land — via the Society for Psychical Research, tory of the United States” as one of its authors,
maybe! — to seal with them the iniquitous bar- I can imagine no reason why” not entirely fan-
gains by which an unsuspecting public was yet tastical. I have been at some pains to trace out
again to be flim-flammed !
the “ Publishers' Announcement” of this work, and
I will, however, dwell for a moment upon this while it is a lengthy one it nowhere indicates just
portentous, this so deeply damning, list of Miss what portions were to be contributed by Bryant
Monroe's because it brings out one thing which is, or describes his share in the undertaking. And a
I think, worth passing mention. It contains eleven peculiar thing remains to be noted in the prem-
items, and with one exception these items are all
ises. This “ History was published by no less a
books devoted to things which with Bryant were
house than that of Scribner — the house with which
passions. As all students of his life well know, Mr. Champlin was so long allied and of which
he was a devoted lover of nature, of the American Miss Monroe implies he was practically a part.
landscape, and of flower and plant-life; he was a Now, if this work was so absolute and unblushing
great lover of poetry; and he was a deeply relig-
a fraud as Miss Monroe asserts and re-asserts,
ious man. (Miss Monroe has referred pleasantly in how was it that Mr. Champlin could bring himself
one of her communications to his “ pious puerili- to remain in the employ of a firm given to such
ties.” Bryant was not pious,- he was strongly | pernicious practices? Why did he not revolt at
and reverently religious; not in a puerile but in a the iniquity, and affiliate himself with more hon-
thoroughly manly and unaffected way. Of course orable people? Let echo answer!
this would disfranchise him as a new poet The preface to the second volume of this work,
for the only religion of which so far I have found as I have also previously shown, definitely stated
any traces in the “new” poetry is that of self- that its composition had been carried on under the
worship. Bryant conceived himself as but the direct supervision of Bryant, and that he had
humble vessel of a Deity Omnipotent.) From time scrutinized“ every line” in the proof as well.
immemorial, illustrious writers have contributed But Miss Monroe alleges, on Mr. Champlin's say-
prefaces or advised in the compilation or publica- so, that Bryant “scarcely glanced” at the proof-
tion of works upon subjects in which they were sheets. As one of the advisers of the publishers,
deeply interested; and it has remained for a one would think Mr. Champlin would have seen
propagandist of the “new” poetry to first come to it that the preface was altered before it went
forward with the unique charge that Bryant in out into the world. Why did n't he,- or else hold
doing so was “ false to his vision as a poet. If his peace thereafter?
the charge can be sustained, it occurs to me that Speaking of proof-sheets reminds me, moreover,
we have had and still have an enormous number that Miss Monroe must herself be somewhat negli-
of false poets among us! Really, one scarce knows gent in her inspection of those of the publication
which ones may with propriety be read. Perhaps which she is believed to edit. Else how could she
it were best, in order to feel perfectly safe, to ever have “let past” that thrilling “new” poem
restrict ourselves to “ Poetry” alone. But even in a recent issue which, as has already been pointed
then will we be secure from contamination ? For- out in THE DIAL, contains a surprisingly flagrant
disturbing recollection ! — did not “Poetry" itself plagiarism from George Meredith? We are obliged,
award (Miss Monroe being the deus ex machina, I in the first place, to feel sure that Miss Monroe, as
believe) some time ago a Cash Prize, that rarest of an experienced practitioner of the ars poetica not
"
66


1915)
557
THE DIAL
66
only, but one deeply versed in its representative ties, and they are the poems by which principally
exponents, must be familiar with a poem so cele- he will be remembered, though he died at seventy-
brated as “ Lucifer in Starlight." In the second two and his other productions fill many volumes.
place, we must be not only sure, we must be Lamartine's Méditations (which include Le Lac)
absolutely certain “hope to die” cross my appeared in 1820, and he continued to publish
heart” - that so rigorous is her sense of editorial poetry for nearly a half-century afterward, but
rectitude (as shown by her strictures upon Bryant) that volume is what he will live by. De Musset's
that knowing the plagiarism to be present in the two masterpieces, the Nuits of May and of Decem-
poem (let us call it one, for did it not appear in ber, he wrote in 1835, at the age of twenty-five —
“Poetry”?) she would have suspended publication and failed to equal them during the twenty-two
before allowing it to appear as an original compo- subsequent years of his career. So I might con-
sition. We are therefore left in an embarrassing tinue, filling pages of THE DIAL with citations of
dilemma,- from which we can only extricate our- names and dates, but it is, I conceive, quite un-
selves by the inference that she was careless (as necessary. To some poets it is given to write their
Mr. Champlin says Bryant was !) about the proof- most immortal verses at an early period, to others
sheets!
at a late one, to still others at an intermediate one,
Yes,- we feel that must be it! For, if Miss while there are some few cases in which the high-
Monroe had ever examined the proofs of this poem, est point is touched or approximated at all these
must she not infallibly have forwarded them to intervals. That this is or can be in any way con-
the inspired (if somewhat at second-hand) author strued as a reproach it has remained for Miss
and requested a new, a truly “new," climacteric Monroe to assert in the case of Bryant.
line? Assuredly! And at the same time she must
John L. HERVEY.
have pointed out how grotesque was the mar-
Chicago, Dec. 4, 1915.
shalling, as “ The army of unalterable law” of
ONCE IN A BLUE MOON,
“ Matthew” (Arnold) and “Waldo” (Emerson).
For she must be vividly aware of the fact that
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
over half-a-century ago the former gave to the
If the woman of to-day, and not Henley, had
world two of the finest poems in free verse that written “ Invictus,” her version of the first stanza
any language can boast; while the latter's entire would have been:
influence (which was and still remains the most
“ Out of the night that covers me,
powerful ever exerted by an American writer) has
Black as the pit from pole to pole,
I thank whatever gods may be
ever been an incitement to revolt against “art
For my uncomfortable soul.”
made tongue-tied by authority," and life as well.
I would like to add a word regarding another Though why go afield to find the gods? Mr. H. W.
accusation against Bryant by Miss Monroe which
Boynton is closer at hand. For it does n't happen
she made in a previous communication to THE
often — just once in a blue moon
Dial, and repeats in her latest one,- that he is in
presents so penetrating a diagnosis of a case as
his article, “ Just a Nice Story," appearing in
some manner most abysmally culpable because his
two most famous poems, " Thanatopsis " and " To
THE DIAL for November 25. To be sure, we had
a Waterfowl,” were written, the one at the age of
all known there was something wrong with our
nineteen and the other at that of twenty-one, and
fiction the last century or two, but it is only
he never afterward surpassed them. Poor Bryant! recently that we have tried to find the cause.
Not only his faults (?) but his misfortunes are
Mr. Garnett began by pointing his finger at us
thus made to condemn him! For it is the general
and saying, You are to blame over there in Amer-
misfortune that poetical inspiration, at its highest, ica; and Mr. Wister answered, No, not all of us
cannot be turned on and off like the stream from
only the critics and Harold Bell Wright. Almost
a faucet,- to use the simile of George Sand re-
simultaneously, Mr. Boynton and Mr. Nicholson
garding the easy flow of her limpidly perfect prose stepped forward, the former making a strong
and the absolute control of it that she possessed.
defence of the critic, the latter declaring that there
As a poet himself has written :
was almost hope for the rest of us, and both
“Alas! not always doth the breath of song
asserting rather triumphantly that they had never
Breathe on us. It is like the wind that bloweth
heard of Harold Bell Wright. Now, just as Mr.
At its own will, not ours, nor tarrieth long;
Henry Sydnor Harrison is ready to assure us that
We hear the sound thereof, but no man knoweth not only are matters not so dreadful as they seem
From whence it comes, so sudden and swift and strong, but they are even much better than that, Mr.
Nor whither in its wayward course it goeth.” Boynton, despite his broad tolerance of what he
If Bryant lived long thereafter and never ex- calls the silly and wonderful time of youth, insists
celled the poems of his youth, he is merely in the that things are bad after all. And whose is the
same boat with a host of other poets of renown. fault? It's woman's. (Thus does history repeat
Poe, for instance, claimed to have written “ To itself.)
Helen " at the age of fourteen, and “ Israfel” at And woman's soul will surely be filled with a
twenty. He lived on to forty, but they remain his divine discomfort, for she must realize that what
high-water mark. Rossetti composed the one poem he says is unequivocally and unfalteringly true.
with which his fame is inseparably connected, To begin with, she did not know any better. As
“ The Blessed Damosel," at nineteen, and lived on for the last decade, or decade and a half, she has
to fifty-four. Swinburne published “Atalanta in been so busy trying to know better that she has not
Calydon” and “Poems and Ballads” in his twen- ' stopped long enough to give herself time to think.
that anyone


558
[ Dec. 9
THE DIAL
She took her first plunge into literature, or cles where she could say, within parentheses, " the
pseudo-literature, in her early years of pig-tails italics are mine," or use expressions like Kultur or
and freckles. She was not taught, as babes are élan vital. Now she was ready to sit up to the
now, to lisp glibly, “ The sea gives her shells to table with her elders, and share the game course
the shingle, The earth gives her streams to the and the cheese. As a sign that youth and senti-
sea”; instead, she had to discover things for her- ment and romance were left forever behind, she
self. In a big dusty attic she pulled an old trunk stole up to the attic and locked the trunk and
out of its forgotten corner, and there she stum- shoved it back against the wall of the alcove. The
bled upon her first copy of “Little Women.” Not key is still on the nail in the second rafter from
even in these later days, when she has specialized the window. It may be rusty now.
and gone in for thrills, has she found anything to And that brings her to the stage where she is at
equal that glorious moment when she gloated over present. So much happened while she was still
the prospective feast in its pages, while imagina- reading (dare we say it?) the Elsie Books, that she
tion ran riot and hope was young. She cried over would never have caught up at all if she had not
the chapter where Beth had the scarlet fever, and decided to jump the middle ground. Even at that
would not read it to the end that day, thinking she does n't think. There is n't time. Miss Ida
that if Beth must die she could at least postpone Tarbell knows her, and in her new book, " The
knowing about it as long as she would. Once or Ways of Woman," she calls her a culture-chaser.
twice she did wonder if this was the kind of tale It is she and her sisters, according to Miss Tarbell,
that grown-ups read, but when she reached the “ who can be depended upon to fill a theatre at ten
part where Jo married Professor Bhaer instead of or eleven in the morning to listen to a lecture on
Laurie all her doubts vanished. For she knew that Peace or the Cancer Cure, Suffrage or Tagore,
anything so grim as that could be nothing short Radium or the Panama Canal. It is they who are
of literature. And we warn Mr. Boynton that it the instant ally of any cause which is new and it
would have been a fatal hour indeed for him to is they who will stay by as long as the campaign
have been on hand just then to tell her that what is exciting — or until something more exciting
she was reading was only a sweet pretty story. looms in sight." Mr. Galsworthy must have met
In the trunk were old “ Youth's Companions” that her last year, for, even far more effectively, he
were musty and yellow and ragged. She liked describes her thus: “ There was in her blood that
especially the picture of the Blind Brother from which bade her hasten, lest there should be some-
the file of '87. The series was broken, so she thing still new to her when she died. . . What with
never found out if he ever escaped from his prison travelling in new countries, listening to new
in the mine. Another favorite was Bet and Her preachers, lunching new novelists, discovering new
Family" — the ten commandments, poor Bet being dancers, taking lessons in Spanish; what with
the first and Ruth the eleventh and the obstreper- new dishes for dinner, new religions, new dogs,
ous brothers the other nine.
new dresses, new duties to new neighbours, and
There was also a volume of Keats's
poems
which newer charities — life was so full that the moment
she read a year or two later. By mishap or fine it stood still and was simply old life,' it seemed
lack of discrimination she skipped completely his to be no life at all.” And in writing of her, no
“ Ode on a Grecian Urn” and “La Belle Dame doubt Mr. Galsworthy and Miss Tarbell, like Mr.
sans Merci," and consequently decided that on the Boynton, had in mind all ladylike gentlemen as
whole he merely tried to soothe the cares of men well.
by adjectives, ornaments, and sweets. “ The Pot Perhaps some day she will tire of looking at
of Basil" seemed too wormy by half, and almost things as they are, just as she tired of looking at
everything else of his she read she secretly thought them as they are not. Perhaps some day she will
was lush. But she never dreamed of confiding her crawl under Mr. Boynton's barbed-wire fence and
opinions to anyone, for the school of criticism discover the world of true idealism and know “ the
which dogmatically decries all poetry written stuff of which manly life and manly imagination
north of 1890 (or is it 19107) had not yet come are made." Perhaps she will want to come back
into its own; or, if it had, she was young and to hear more about things as they were. Think
innocent and did not know of it.
of the transformation there will be, as a result, in
It was Carlyle who did for her what poetry had fiction and literature and life! But why be opti-
failed to do. One day she heard some chapters mistic about it? Things like that seldom happen
read aloud from “ Past and Present." Those out of books — only once in a blue moon.
brief snatches of cursory reading led her to think
ALMA LUISE Olson.
of him as one of the great army of hewers of
Chicago, Dec. 2, 1915.
wood and drawers of water, rather than as an
MORE ABOUT DIPHTHONGS.
author; it was a pick-axe that he held in his hand,
and his shaggy head — she knew it must be
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
shaggy - towered godlike above his fellow-workers Will you permit me to say, in reply to your cor-
while his Blesseds and Thrice-Blesseds were heaped respondent, Mr. Wallace Rice, that the remarks
lavishly upon even a Gurth, born thrall of Cedric. which he quotes from my
“ Essentials of English
She herself grew three inches while she listened to Speech and Literature were written to bring out
the words. Literature with power had cast its the fact that, in the view of the National Education
spell over her, and she could never be the same Association's Committee on Phonetics, the diph-
after that. She longed to read, or even write, arti- | thongal characters of the digraphs ch, ng, sh, th,


1915)
559
THE DIAL
and zh, would be better indicated by ligatured sym- find him turning first of all to the official exposi-
bols than by the plain letters.
tion of that alphabet on pages 2195-2197 of this
Mr. Rice asks: “What can Dr. Vizetelly mean important work.
when he calls sh, ng, th, and zh diphthongal? .. I turned to these pages, and the reason was
The four sounds mentioned (really five, since th immediately evident why the good Doctor pre-
stands for two different consonants) are monoph- ferred to quote from other sources. Here, where
thongs.”
the inventors and demonstrators of the Scientific
Perhaps Mr. Rice has overlooked the fact that Alphabet are engaged in its official exposition, one
one of the meanings of the word “ diphthong” is a may find it said of ng, "the elementary palatal
combination of two consonants in one syllable, espe- nasal sound in sing, sang, sung"; of sh, “the ele-
cially such intimate unions as those of ch and dg or mentary sound closing in rush, opening in she”;
j (dz), in "church," “ judge," etc. And as for of the sonant sound of th, “ the elementary sound
calling the symbols monophthongs, has not Mr. of th in that”; of the surd sound of th, “the ele-
Rice forgotten that a monophthong is a single mentary sound closing in myth, pith, opening in
vowel sound, a vowel digraph, or two written thin, think”; of zh," the elementary sonant cor-
vowels pronounced as one? As this is the meaning responding with sh." In other words, the highest
which the word has had for nearly three centuries, exponents of the characteristics of the alphabet
it would ill befit me to misuse it as Mr. Rice has upon which Dr. Vizetelly is expatiating contradict
done.
him absolutely on every point of his contention.
Mr. Rice asks what can I mean when I call the But why did he not take their word for it? They
symbols referred to diphthongal. He will find the know.
answer in a standard work issued under the editor- But I was at a loss to understand why, when I
ship of the late Dr. William T. Harris:
had said in my original communication that.ch is
“CH. This digraph has three sounds as follows:- usually a consonantal diphthong, Dr. Vizetelly
(1) The more frequent sound is diphthongal .. as in should have felt it necessary to quote further
chin."
authority upon it, until I realized that it was for
“NG. The ng at the end of a word is really diph-
thongal.”
the purpose of self-refutation; of course, if, as he
“SH. The description by Brücke seems more accu-
says in his book,"most phonetists analyze this
rate, which makes it to be a composite element, con-
sound as a combination of t and sh," sh must
sisting of an 8 sound .. and a breath sound .. like the
itself be a simple sound — had it diphthongal
German ch in ich."
quality a consonantal triphthong would result.
“TH. This digraph is used to represent two lingua- The quotation citing Brücke is quite beside the
dental fricative sounds : a surd and a sonant."
question; as a standard work issued under the
“ZH. In some words, & takes a sound (zh) which
editorship of the late Dr. William T. Harris,"
is the sonant correlative of the surd sh; as in azure
Webster's New International Dictionary,- ob-
developed by fusion of a proper 2 with a following y
sound.”
serves, “it is regarded as a simple element," nor
does it require much phonetic knowledge to know
In addition to this, the work referred to, before
that composite consonants and consonantal diph-
discussing these symbols, which it classifies as
Diphthongal Consonants," says: “ Certain con-
thongs are not the same things,- as where the
authority just quoted states of ng, the sound is
sonant sounds are composed of more simple con-
composite, but not compound.” On page xlvi of
sonant elements so blended that the product is
the same work may be found the statement: “A
properly described as diphthongal."
consonantal digraph is a combination of two con-
No one regrets more than I that Mr. Rice disa-
sonants representing a single sound, as sh in she,
grees with me that is his privilege, and far be it
zh in azure, ng in sing," while the New English
from me not to wish him all the comfort and satis-
Dictionary (Vol. VIII, p. i) speaks of “the simple
faction that he may get out of it.
consonants, sh, zh."
FRANK H. VIZETELLY.
Where Dr. Vizetelly obtained his remarkable
New York City, Nov. 26, 1915.
statement that “the ng at the end of a word is
really diphthongal," I cannot surmise, and I should
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
like to have the citation in full. The practically
After stating that “ every one of the great dic- unanimous opinion of phonetic scholars is set
tionaries has decided that the sound of these letters forth in the Century Dictionary (p. 2423) thus:
[ng, sh, the two sounds of th, and zh] is diph- “ With the digraph ng is written the nasal which
thongal," it is interesting to find Dr. Vizetelly corresponds to g and k in the same manner as
mentioning as sole authority for his statement a n to d and. t, or m to b and p, and which (for
book which rer ins anonymous, except for the example, in singing) is just as much a simple
fact that it is “ a standard work issued under the sound as n or m.” See, too, p. xlii of the New
editorship of the late Dr. William T. Harris,” who International, in which m, n, and ng are treated
was not a phonetician. Since his declaration was
as similarly simple sounds; p. lii of the same,
a portion of a passionate apology for the Scientific where it says, “ The digraph ng represents a nasal
Alphabet of the National Educational Association, consonant sound," Vol. VI, part 2, p. 1, of the
and the Standard Dictionary is not only the chief New English Dietionary, “ Before the sounds (g)
exponent of the use of that signary in English but and (k) the letter n is also employed in English to
also a lexicon with which Dr. Vizetelly was inti- denote a nasal with back tongue closure," or the
mately connected, it would have been natural to article on Phonetics by Mr. Henry Sweet, in the
66


560
[ Dec. 9
THE DIAL
ized as
Encyclopædia Britannica, Vol. XXI, p. 467, or the New International, the Century, the Standard,
Alexander J. Ellis's “ The History of English the Concise Oxford, the Imperial, Stormonth's, or
Speech," or Mr. Sweet's “History of English Worcester's Dictionary, which are all I have had
Sounds," or Dr. Alexander Melville Bell's “ Prin- time to consult.
ciples of Speech," p. 230, where ng is character- Finally permit me to observe that if Dr. Vize-
“this simple elementary sound.” It is telly will acquaint himself with the earlier para-
perhaps permissible here to say that ng was
graphs of "A Primer of English Sounds," by Mr.
recognized as a simple sound by our Teutonic Henry Sweet, most eminent of living phoneticians
ancestors several centuries before Christ, and a in English, he can by personal experimentation
rune provided for it.
with his own vocal organs satisfy himself that the
It is rather pitiful to find Dr. Vizetelly quoting five sounds under discussion are all simple con-
in support of his position such a statement as
sonantal sounds; I did, - forty-five years ago.
that the digraph TH “is used to represent two
WALLACE RICE.
Chicago, Nov. 29, 1915.
lingua-dental fricative sounds: a surd and a
sonant," and italicizing words to mislead his read-
IMAGISM AND PLAGIARISM.
ers further; it is as if he had said, “ John and
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
William are individuals," and concluded, “there-
fore each is twins." The Century Dictionary
Surely you do not mean to accuse Mr. T. S.
sums up the uniform consensus of opinion when
Eliot of trying to "put something over" when, in
it says on p. 6145: “ With h, t forms the digraph your issue of November 25, you use the unfortu-
th, which has the position and importance of a
nate word “plagiarism ” in connection with your
fully independent element in the alphabet, with a
discussion of his recent contribution to “ Poetry.”
double pronunciation surd and sonant (or breathed
I read the poem in question when it appeared;
and voiced): surd in thin, breath; sonant in this,
and, in common with you, I recognized the line,
breathe — both as strictly unitary sounds as t and
“ The army of unalterable law," as the last line
d, or s and z." The New English Dictionary,
of Meredith's “ Lucifer sonnet. It seemed to
Vol. IX, p. 241, notes that “Th . . is a conso-
me then, and seems to me now, a rather neat trans-
nantal digraph representing a simple sound, or
position. The thought never entered my naive
rather .. a pair of simple sounds, breath and
brain that Mr. Eliot (who is, by the way, entirely
voice," and in Vol. X, p. 1, “ Th is a consonantal
unknown to me personally) could have supposed
digraph representing two simple sounds." These
that the line would be regarded as anything but a
two simple sounds, it may be added, were recog-
quotation. I could as easily fancy a man trying
nized as such by the Anglo-Saxons, who gave them
to palm off as his own such phrases as “justify
separate letters in their alphabet, which persisted
the ways of God to men,” “I shall not look upon
until the Norman Conquest.
his like again,” or “ To be, or not to be: that
The quotation regarding zh is also beside the
is the question.” Plagiarism is the corrupt at-
question. Dr. Vizetelly chooses to be unaware
tempt to pass off as one's own the work of another
that sounds developed by fusion may nevertheless
writer; there is no possible relation between it
be simple sounds, though nothing is more common
and Mr. Eliot's employment of a great and world-
in phonetic history. Instances in English abound,
famous phrase in a position where the reader's
and in nearly all other languages which have recognition of it as a quotation is precisely the
engaged the attention of scholars. Of the sound
effect aimed at.
in question it may be sufficient to quote the Cen-
Genuine plagiarism is a rare vice; it generally
tury Dictionary again, which says: “ SH. A
occurs in regions where the reward for successful
digraph representing a simple sibilant sound akin stealing is considerably higher than any reward
that the poet is likely to get.
to S... ZH. The corresponding sonant to our
other sibilant (written in this work with zh, after
ARTHUR DAVISON KE.
the example of sh)”; or the New English Diction- Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 1, 1915.
ary, which
says: The simple consonants, sh,
zh"; or the New International, where we find
[It has always been an elementary law of
“sh is reckoned as a simple consonant; zh is the literary ethics that quotations must be enclosed
voiced correlative of sh"; or Dr. Bell, who speaks in quotation marks, or otherwise plainly ac-
of sh as
“this element" and of zh as “this ele- knowledged; and the writer who fails to con-
ment” (pp. 215, 220); and the Standard Diction- form to this law cannot justly escape the
ary as cited heretofore.
charge of plagiarism. Of course exception is
Dr. Vizetelly seems not to appreciate the deli- commonly made in the case of such phrases as
cate compliment I paid him in the use of the those mentioned by Mr. Ficke, which have
word monophthong, by following his use of the become counters of our literary currency,
word diphthong in speaking of consonants. He
worn thin by universal daily use. That Mere-
has done me the honor to look the former up in
dith's line is not of this class is sufficiently
the dictionary; if he will do himself the justice
of also looking up the latter he will promptly proved, if proof were needed, by the fact that
withdraw his statement that “one of the meanings
it does not even appear among the ten or
of the word diphthong' is a combination of two fifteen thousand
fifteen thousand "familiar quotations ” com-
consonants in one syllable” — at least, no such prised in the latest (1914) edition of Bartlett's
meaning attaches to the word in the New English, ! standard reference book.— EDITOR.]


1915)
561
THE DIAL
tune left him without the capacity for emotion
The New Books.
required of the poet (p. 92). The other
caused him to lack the real courage needed
for great adventures in literature as in life:
NEW VIEWS OF STEVENSON.*
“with all his writing he took the road of least
It has been lately held by some writers that resistance, the road of limited horizons; be-
interest in Stevenson is waning. The number cause with all his desire for romance, his
of books and articles relating to him still desire for the splendour of the great life of
constantly issuing from the press, however, action, he was by physical delicacy made
seems to indicate that the reverse is true. In intellectually timid and spiritually cautious.”
addition to the volumes named below, another This, then, is the theory we are asked to
biography of Stevenson for the young and a accept with regard to one whom we had been
reprint of Mr. Clayton Hamilton's articles accustomed to think of as having earned his
on Stevensonian localities from “The Book- niche, though not a lofty one, in the temple
man are among the recent announcements. of fame. Is it true? Is oblivion for Steven-
All of these together lead us to infer the wide son, after all, inevitable? Was so much of
range of readers who continue to find enter- his work, after all, mere craftsmanship? To
tainment in Stevenson's works.
answer these questions fully would perhaps
To genuine lovers of Stevenson, Mr.
Mr. require a volume; here we can only set down
Frank Swinnerton's well written book will our dissenting opinion.
come as a great shock. It seems that their
It seems to us that this book well illus-
faith has been misplaced, — that Stevenson trates Arnold's remark that the critic requires
was not, after all, what they took him to be.
a very delicate poise. The least obstruction
Mr. Swinnerton's opinion is disparaging at between him and his object may tend to throw
almost every point. According to him, Steven- him out of balance and distort his view of
son's only enduring book of travel is “In the distant objects,— as in Poe's story of “ The
South Seas”; his essays are merely specimens Sphinx." We do not question Mr. Swinner-
of style, with finesse but without vigor; his ton's full knowledge of Stevenson's works; we
poems will not endure because they are lack- do question, however, his attitude of mind
ing in passion; his plays are shallow,—“it toward his author. He finds Stevenson tire-
never occurred to him to put a real figure in some, and that very fact arouses suspicion as
a play: he never supposed that a character
to his temperamental qualifications for this
in a play had any end but to be put back particular task. When one is tempted to
into the box with the other playthings”; of write a book upon a tiresome writer, one
his short stories only five are really artistic; should perhaps stop and consider if one be
of his novels and romances only “ Treasure “ called.” That Mr. Swinnerton was not
Island” and “ Kidnapped
Kidnapped” are worth while.
called is amply demonstrated, it seems to us,
To so little do the thirty-two volumes of the by his last paragraph.
collected works (as arranged in the “Bio-
One thing would seem certain: if there be
graphical Edition ") come when Stevenson's
so little art in Stevenson's work, if he be so
work is sifted by the coldly critical Mr.
entirely a decadent, if the unspeakable and
Swinnerton!
canny Scot and the timid invalid have so
As for the rest, our critic gives Stevenson completely dominated his work, then he is
credit “ for most admirable clarity": his
bound very quickly to disappear from the
romances “include occasional pieces of distin- horizon. For we can never get away from
guished imagination, a frequent exuberance
the fundamental canon that art is social: it
of fancy, and a great freshness of incident
takes two to paint a picture, the artist and
which conceals lack of central or unifying his observer; two to make a book, the author
idea and poverty of imagined character.” He and his reader; two to fashion a statue, the
has great versatility of talent, and one can-
sculptor and he who will behold with sympa-
not contemplate the record of his writings thetic insight; and though the artist may be
“without great admiration.” That is all. He
unconscious of it, the critic is present before
was a Scot and an invalid. The first misfor-
and during, as well as after, the execution of
* R. L. STEVENSON. A Critical Study. By Frank Swinner- the work. We may be fearful of Demos'
ton. With portrait. New York: Mitchell Kennerley.
qualifications for anything else than a place
THE LIFE OF ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON. By Graham Balfour.
Abridged edition, revised and illustrated. New York: Charles in a mob; but in the end it is Demos (at his
Scribner's Sons.
ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON. By Amy Cruse. Illustrated.
best, of course) who rules us all. And after
New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co.
all, has not Demos given us (or restored to
SAILOR AND BEACHCOMBER. Confessions of a Life at Sea, in
us) Chaucer, and Shakespeare, and Scott, and
Australia and amid the Islands of the Pacific. By A. Safroni-
Illustrated. New York : Charles Scribner's Sons. Thackeray, and many another?
There are
Middleton.


562
(Dec. 9
THE DIAL
66
imperfections in the work of all of these; yet ambitious; they never attempt too much;
in spite of their imperfections they survive and they easily and naturally portray many
and continue to give us refreshment and even various moods. That Stevenson was not a
inspiration. They are men like ourselves ; great poet may be freely granted; yet he had
they were not always at their best; they grew the soul of a poet; he has enshrined the child
as we all grow. Time has sifted their work: heart in verse which will live, we believe, for
the less valuable part, though still included in generations; throughout even his prose will
complete editions, is no longer known to the be found beautiful poetical passages, as for
great body of readers; but the best is every- example where Kirstie says to Archie Weir:
where known and read and loved. So it will
“ Weel, Mr. Archie, there was a lad cam'
be with Stevenson; and may it not be that a courtin' me, as was but naetural. Mony had come
somewhat larger body of his writing will before, and I would nane o' them. But this yin
endure than five short stories and two boys' had a tongue to wile the birds frae the lift and the
books? We can only record our confident bees frae the fox-glove bells. Deary me, but it's
belief that such will be the case. A century
lang syne. Folk have deed sinsyne and been bur-
from now some curious antiquarian may smile ied, and are forgotten, and bairns been born and
at these lines and wonder who Stevenson was.
got merrit and got bairns o' their ain. Sinsyne
woods have been plantit, and have grawn up and
If so, he is welcome; it will not be the first
time a prophet has gone astray.
are bonny trees, and the joes sit in their shadow,
and sinsyne auld estates have changed hands, and
The characteristics of Stevenson's essays, there have been wars and rumours of wars on the
Mr. Swinnerton finds, are those of manner face of the earth. . And do ye no think that I
rather than of matter." They
owe their
have mind of the bonny simmer days, the lang
charm to the fact that Stevenson was often miles, o' the bluid-red heather, the cryin' o' the
writing about himself, for he always wrote en-
whaups, and the lad and the lassie that was
tertainingly about himself. He was charmed
trysted? Do ye no think that I mind how the
hilly sweetness ran about my hairt ? ”
by himself, in a way that the common egoist
has not the courage or possibly the imagina-
That Stevenson was not a dramatist we are
tion to be." Yet where will one find a super-
also quite willing to concede. While he had a
abundance of the author's self in “ Pulvis et superb command of conversational style, he
Umbra,” in "Talk and Talkers," in “Beg-
was most at home in more leisurely narrative
gars," in "Æs Triplex"! In these essays, at
of the third person, in which he could intro-
least, Stevenson rarely talks about himself.
duce description when it pleased him. But
Is it true that these essays give pleasure surely he and Henley were on the wrong
merely because of their "knots," as Mr. Swin-
track. It is not fair, of course, to impute to
nerton implies, or merely because they are
him either faults or merits for which Henley
We can
full of a commonplace moralizing which is may have been partly responsible.
received with delight by the bulk of us com-
only say that the plays do not convince us.
monplace readers! We must confess to hon-
The two phases of “Deacon Brodie” are not
est doubts. We do not insist that an essayist's sufficiently distinguished; and while the vil-
every idea shall be absolutely new or original; lain of the play could hardly be hanged on
we do insist that he shall express it in a fresh
the stage (it will be remembered that the real
and stimulating manner, and that he shall be
Brodie was hanged), yet the manner of his
neither prosy nor narrow in his sympathies. taking off comes as an unwarranted surprise.
And Stevenson generally meets these require- Beau Austin is too quickly convinced of the
ments.
errors of his ways to seem wholly natural.
The poems Mr. Swinnerton pronounces to "A
“Admiral Guinea " is too pious; the one excel-
be failures because they were the work of a
lent character in this play is the villainous
Protestant Scot. This would also prove Burns Pew. Sir Arthur Pinero, in his address on
a failure. Surely, however, Stevenson was not
Stevenson's dramatic work, has probably said
invariably the cautious, canny, theologizing the last word on this phase of the matter.
Scot. As a matter of fact, with the possible Of the short stories, there are doubtless
exception of "Our Lady of the Snows," the many opinions as to which are the best. Mr.
poems reveal no traces of Protestant any Swinnerton thinks that “The Bottle Imp"
more than of Catholic “theology”; and ex- and “ Thrawn Janet” are "the two most suc-
cept for the second book of “Underwoods" cessful examples of Stevenson's art as a short-
and a few Scotticisms here and there in his story writer”; and with this view we have no
other verse, they might have been written by special quarrel. As for the others, to our
an Englishman or an Irishman. In certain mind Mr. Swinnerton does not do justice
respects we should pronounce many of them either to “The Sire de Malétroit's Door" or
distinctly successful. They are not long and to "A Lodging for the Night.” The former


1915)
563
THE DIAL
و
It pre-
seems to us the better, because fuller of inci- Mr. Swinnerton comes nearer to doing jus-
dent and more climactic. Yet the latter, far tice to “Weir of Hermiston,” in which he
from being “a piece of labored artifice," is to rightly thinks that “Stevenson reached the
us true and convincing. Perhaps Mr. Swin- | height of his powers as a realistic novelist.”
nerton fails most conspicuously in his treat- Nor does he need to except from his praise
ment of “ The Pavilion on the Links," which Frank Innes, "the novelists' hireling profes-
he thinks Stevenson did not first imagine, but sional seducer.” The mere fact that such
planned in cold blood. “If I look for emo- characters occur elsewhere should not prevent
tion in the story,” he says, “I find none. If I us from recognizing the naturalness of Innes.
look for an aesthetic idea I find none. Can True, "continuity of narrative there is none"
it be that he is incapable of perceiving either? but is there much more in “Adam Bede
For both are there. Every one of the chief or "Henry Esmond "? The outline of the
characters is full of emotional stimulus; one projected conclusion, however terrifying to
might almost say, even, that every character Mr. Swinnerton, would seem to warrant the
furnishes an æsthetic idea. “The Beach of opinion that had Stevenson finished the story,
Falesá” is likewise a captivating tale. The probably in a somewhat modified form, it
author has admirably succeeded in the imper- would have taken rank among the few great
sonation of his hero; the form seems to us novels of the nineteenth century.
well adapted to the content; and not without In short, Mr. Swinnerton's book is to a
reason have some called this story his best. considerable degree disappointing.
With regard to the novels and romances, sents the extreme views of a hostile critic,
Mr. Swinnerton's complaint is that Steven- which are quite as wide of the mark, it seems
son's constructive power weakens. This can to us, as was the indiscriminate praise we
hardly be said, however, of "Prince Otto," in used to hear.
which there is no flaw. There is plenty of
incident; the unexpected is constantly hap- Mr. Balfour's life of Stevenson, issued in
pening; and the characters are sufficiently 1901, and reviewed in THE DIAL for Nov. 16
well motivated to pass muster. Our critic of that year, has now been republished in an
thinks the theme too slight; we should be abridged form. The 548 pages of the original
inclined to say that the result proves that it | two-volume edition have been cut down to
is not. The theme is adequate. To call it a 372, partly by omitting foot-notes, appen-
“doleful failure” and a “lackadaisical gim- dices, the South Sea map, and the index,
crack" is to put oneself outside the pale of partly by a skilful cutting down of the text.
serious criticism.
The only important addition we have noted in
“The Master of Ballantrae," which has the text is a paragraph at the end of Chapter
been pronounced by not a few to be among VI, in which the author refers to the fact
Stevenson's best, Mr. Swinnerton, on the that Stevenson's canoe trip in 1876 lay
whole, condemns. How the introduction of through scenes now memorable for the battles
Secundra Dass "ruins the book as a work of lately fought there, and quotes Stevenson's
art,” however, passes our comprehension. remark that Landrecies “ was a point in the
Secundra is obviously essential for the work- great warfaring system of Europe, and might
ing out of the plot, and moreover himself adds on some future day be ringed about with
legitimately to the interest by the mystery cannon smoke and thunder, and make itself a
which he brings to the story. The critic fur- name among small towns." The chief addi-
ther objects to the rambling course of the tions, however, are the thirteen illustrations,
story, “its wilful attempts to follow the wan- all of which are new. To what was said of
derings of a central figure so fascinating .. the former edition little need now be added.
as the Master, its lack of framework and true The book has worn well, and has taken its
body of character”; he finds Lord Durris-place among the worthiest biographies of the
deer and Alison “truly no more than pup- last two decades.
pets,” while even the Master sometimes is Miss Amy Cruse's biography is included
no more than a collection of traits.” As for in the series of “Heroes of All Time”; here
the first point, we had supposed that, given a Stevenson rubs elbows with Alexander, King
plot of this sort, the central figure of which Alfred, Joan of Arc, Mohammed, Sir Walter
wanders over the world, Stevenson introduced Raleigh, and William the Silent. That
proper devices for enabling us to follow him. Stevenson was a brave man and a hero, none
As for the other too sweeping criticisms, we will deny; but that he deserves such distinc-
can only express dissent. No puppet could tion as this is perhaps more than most even
fight such a duel as Henry fights; the fault is of his ardent admirers would claim for him.
that at the end he plays too minor a part. The book is especially written for the young,


564
(Dec. 9
THE DIAL
Theo
birds' eggs.
and on the whole not badly written. It is issued by Professor Matthews in the name of
well illustrated. On p. 60, "Leslie Stevenson" the museum of which he is both creator and
should be Leslie Stephen.
suzerain, that here is shot with which to anni-
Some interesting views of Stevenson are
hilate ne amateur actor. However, since
given in "Sailor and Beachcomber," from only three hundred and thirty-three copies of
the pen of Mr. A. Safroni-Middleton. It is a these booklets are printed, it is doubtful if
curious book, abounding in ungrammatical ex- either the “uplifters ” or the amateur actors
pressions and with an occasional misspelling; ever place themselves within range of the
yet the author has the poet's eye, and despite sound common sense regarding both play writ-
the hardships through which he has passed, ing and play acting which is here presented.
has never lost the feeling for nature pos-
papers on acting" comprising the
sessed by the true seer. At fourteen he ran new series of these publications are written
away from home and shipped before the mast with a single exception by notable actors.
for Australia. Thence, after various adven- The exception is the paper on Mrs. Siddons
tures, he drifted to Samoa. His skill with by H. C. Fleeming Jenkin. Although it suf-
the violin gave him unusual opportunities to fers by comparison with its fellows, it never-
see all kinds of life. When he first met theless contains the surprising statement that
Stevenson, the latter was deeply interested in an actor must be a creator rather than an
“He had intellectual keen eyes interpreter, the humble author of the play
and a sad emotional-looking face, and looked doing less for the actor than nature for the
a bit of a dreamer." Later, on shipboard, painter. This is certainly the apotheosis of
Middleton taught Stevenson something of the art of acting. Lest the vanity of the
violin-playing. Perhaps the most interesting actor who may chance to read these words
glimpse we get of Stevenson is at the bedside become even more inordinate than is its wont,
of a little ill Samoan girl ; he “tenderly bent it is well to administer as an antidote the
over the little patient, as concerned as though following quotation from Mr. George Moore's
it were his own child, as he chuckled with his scintillating essay on “Mummer Worship"
lips, and touched it softly on the chin with published some twenty-five years ago in a
his finger playfully, till it actually looked up volume entitled “Impressions and Opinions":
at him and gave a wan smile." No wonder “ An actor is one who repeats a portion of a
Tusitala was venerated. Mr. Middleton's story invented by another. You can teach a child
account of the missionaries, we regret to say, to act, but you can teach no child to paint pic-
is sadly at variance with the views of them tures, or to write poetry, prose or music; acting
expressed by Stevenson himself; yet the later is therefore the lowest of the arts, if it is an art at
writer gives the impression of trying to be all, and makes slender demands upon the intelli-
fair, and expressly admits that "some of the
gence of the individual exercising it; but this age,
best men are missionaries and sacrifice years
being one mainly concerned with facile amusement
of their lives in a hopeless quest."
and parade, reverences the actor above all beings,
and has by some prodigy that cannot be explained
CLARK S. NORTHUP. by us, succeeded, or almost succeeded in abstracting
him from the playwright, upon whom he should
feed in the manner of a parasite, and endowing him
with a separate existence — of necessity ephem-
CLASSICS ON THE ART OF ACTING.*
eral, but which by dint of gaudy upholstery and
Of the four booklets on play making edited
various millinery has been prolonged beyond due
limits and still continues."
and published by Professor Brander Matthews
for the Dramatic Museum of Columbia Uni-
There is more truth in Mr. Moore's ani-
versity, it was said in THE DIAL (March 4, madversion than in Mr. Fleeming Jenkin's
1915) that “here is both solid shot and canis eulogium. Children do act tolerably well, and
ter with which to rout the ardent enthusiasts acting does make slender demands upon the
whose self-imposed task is to 'uplift' the intelligence in comparison with the other arts.
drama." With equal truth it may be said of
Not only do children act tolerably well, but
the four illuminating papers on acting which
also some amateurs; yet where is the ama-
constitute the second series of the publications teur, unprepared for his task by years of
preparation, who paints, carves statues, com-
* PAPERS ON ACTING. Comprising: The Illusion of the
First Time in Acting, by William Gillette, with introduction
poses music, or even writes tolerably well?
by George Arliss ; Art and the Actor, by Constant Coquelin, Mozart and Mendelssohn composed in child-
translated by Abby Langdon Alger, with introduction by
Henry James; Mrs. Siddons as Lady Macbeth and as Queen hood, it is true, but modern children cannot
Katharine, by H. C. Fleeming Jenkin, with introduction by
Brander Matthews : Reflexions on Acting, by Talma, with
do any of these things acceptably; hence it
introduction by Sir Henry Irving, and a review by H. C.
is easy to accept Mr. Moore's contention that
Fleeming Jenkin. New York City: Dramatic Museum of
Columbia University.
acting is a knack rather than an art. Mr.


1915]
565
THE DIAL
more
Moore is a literary man, however, and jealous that the actor is the creator, and the author a
of the adulation bestowed upon the actor. mere element of less value to him than nature
Like most literary men, he feels that after all to the painter. Unless the etherealizing ap-
the play is the thing, and that the actor, with plause which he has received as an actor has
the help of his salaried press-agent, gobbles anæsthetized his literary sense, Mr. Gillette -
more than his share of the public's approval. notable both as actor and playwright - is in
But the actor has a distinct advantage in that a position to judge impartially the relative
he makes a personal and nightly bid for favor, importance of the actor and the dramatist.
whereas his rival may appear trembling and These are his views :
halting for a moment only in answer to cries “ Incredible as it may seem, there are people in
for the author uttered at a single perform- existence who believe that they can read a Play. .
ance. Seeing an actor in a part, the public The feat is impossible. No one on earth can read
thinks of him as constituting the part; yet
a Play. You may read the Directions for a Play
without the words someone else has written,
and from these Directions imagine as best you can
there would be no part at all. Thus the actor
what the Play would be like; but you could no
receives the lion's share of the applause; and
more read the Play than you could read a Fire or
an Automobile Accident or a Base-Ball Game.
because the public knows and loves him, his
The Play — if it is Drama -- does not exist until
name appears on the playbills in letters ten
it appeals in the form of simulated life. . . So far
times as large as those which herald the name as painted, manufactured, and mechanical elements
of the poor author.
are concerned there is comparatively little trouble.
Acting is an art, however, although like To keep these things as much in the background as
singing and playing an instrument it is in- they would appear in a simple episode in actual
terpretive, not creative, and therefore on a
life under observation — and no
is the
lower plane than painting, sculpture, creative
most pronounced difficulty. But when it comes to
writing, and the composition of music.
the Human Beings required to assume the Char-
acters which the Directions indicate, and not only
order to discover the true relation of acting
to assume them but also to breathe into them the
to play writing, it is necessary to accept the Breath of Life — and not the Breath of Life alone
testimony of an unbiased witness. This is to but all other details and elements and items of Life
be found in the paper entitled, “ The Illusion as far as they can be simulated, many and serious
of the First Time in Acting," contributed by discouragements arise."
Mr. William Gillette. The most entertaining, This view makes of the dramatist something
by far, of the four papers which constitute more than an element, since it at least credits
the series, it is at the same time the most him with inventing the directions from which
illuminating; for although it sparkles with a play is created. Moreover, a third factor
humor, it is replete with common sense, and is admitted by Mr. Gillette to exist in the
free from the grandiose acclaim of acting shape of the manager, who selects and guides
found in the late Constant Coquelin's "Art the human beings required to assume the
and the Actor."
characters which the directions indicate.
The “illusion " which forms the subject of Another element in the making of a play
Mr. Gillette's paper he explains as the art of is the audience, which Mr. George Arliss, in
knowing exactly what you are going to say his delightful Introduction to Mr. Gillette's
and behaving as though you did not. “Al- paper, calls the “great stimulant.” Without an
though," as he states, “every single item in a audience to view it, the author, the manager,
play from the most important to the least and the actors are still obliged to imagine as
important be successfully safeguarded, there best they can what the play will be like. It
yet remains the Spirit of the Presentation as is the author, however, in spite of all the con-
a whole. Each successive audience before tentions actors may make to the contrary, who
which it is given must feel that it is wit- conceives the play, and by his directions indi-
nessing, not one of a thousand weary repeti- cates the way in which it shall be interpreted.
tions, but a life episode which is being lived Moreover, good acting cannot redeem a bad
just across the magic barrier of the footlights. play, and bad acting cannot wholly destroy
That is to say, the Whole must ve that the dramatic power of a good play. If a play
indescribable Life-Spirit or Effect which pro- is truly dramatic, its performance by a com-
duces the Illusion of Happening for the First pany of tyros will hold an audience, and if it
Time."
is undramatic even an “all star" cast will not
It is the creation of this illusion of the first prevent it from boring those who witness it.
time, the imbuing of a play with "that inde- The author, therefore, is surely the creator,
scribable Life-Spirit,” which makes acting a the actors being merely the interpreters.
fine art. Yet this is no answer to the late “It is easier to detect a flaw in the actor's
Mr. Fleeming Jenkin's appalling contention impersonation," the late Sir Henry Irving
the


566
(Dec. 9
THE DIAL
maintains in his Introduction to Talma's
TRIUMPHS OF GERMAN STATE SOCIALISM.*
"Reflexions on Acting," "than an improba-
bility in a book.” If the noted English his- It was to be expected that the most sat-
trion means to suggest that an audience will isfying of the many "interpretations” of
accept improbability in a story, provided the Germany which have been thrust upon the
story holds its interest, his statement is true, reading public of late would be contained in a
dulness being the one flaw in a play an audi- book written not only in large part before the
ence will not tolerate. The true relation of war began, but “as though there were no
the actor to the author is best set forth, how. war.” Mr. Frederic C. Howe, the author of
ever, by Talma.
"Associated with great
great the volume in mind, has been for a quarter of
authors," he says, actors are to them more a century a student of, and for a decade an
than translators. A translator adds nothing occasional writer upon, German affairs. He
to the ideas of the author he translates. The has explained for American readers the in-
actor, putting himself faithfully in the place tricacies of German municipal government,
of the personage he represents, should perfect and has called attention forcefully to Ger-
the ideas of the author of whom he is the man principles of taxation, education, and
interpreter." The italics are not Talma's. social insurance. He has even written a book
They are intended to accentuate the fine dis- on the Germany of America, — the state of
tinction he draws between the translator and Wisconsin !
the interpreter. The one merely conveys a In “Socialized Germany,” Mr. Howe has
meaning, while the other explains and ex- attempted a somewhat searching analysis of
pounds it.
German social statecraft in the many phases
Whether an actor should experience emotion which it has presented since the establish-
while acting or merely present his studied ment of the Empire. At the outset he con-
impressions is a question answered differently fesses to a strong affection for the German
by actors differing temperamentally. "An people, a pronounced liking for the cities of
actor needs not to be actually moved," says Germany, unbounded respect for the German
the late Constant Coquelin. "It is as un- educational system, and admiration for the
necessary as it is for a pianist to be in the Empire's unmatched social legislation.
depths of despair to play the funeral march is his conviction that, at least until the war
of Chopin or of Beethoven aright.” A con- began, the German was better off than any
trary view is held by the great Talma. “ The other man in Europe, if not in the world.
inspired actor," he holds, "will so associate His country was more intelligently organized
you with the emotions he feels that he will than were other countries, while he himself
not leave you even the liberty of judgment; was better protected in his daily life, better
the other, by his prudent and irreproachable prepared for work, more efficient, and more
acting. will leave your faculties at liberty to happy than anybody else. The conviction is
reason on the matter at your ease. The expressed, further, that at the outbreak of the
former will be the personage himself, the lat- war Germany had just reached the beginning
ter only an actor who represents that per- of her greatest achievements, and that had
sonage." In a word, the one interprets, the not the war intervened, "the next generation
other merely translates.
would have seen her competitors in industry,
Talma upholds the emotional rather than trade, and commerce out-distanced at an
the intellectual actor. Yet all inspired artists, accelerated speed that would soon have left
whether they be painters, musicians, authors, them far and possibly permanently in the
or actors, possess the extreme sensibility rear.” Finally, it is affirmed that Germany
he prefers to “profound intelligence.” In- may be expected to come off from the war,
deed, it is the various means used by artists whatever the immediate outcome, relatively
to express their emotions which differentiate quite as advantageously situated as she was
one kind of art from another. Even acting is when she went into it. She will turn from
something finer than the mere repeating, as war to peace with much of the preparedness
Mr. George Moore would have it, of a por-
with which she turned from peace to war;
tion of a story invented by another; though and even now she is planning far in advance
like singing it is an interpretive art. One is for the one, even as formerly she planned far
inclined, however, to hold with Mr. Moore in advance for the other. And this brings
that this age unduly reverences the actor at the author to his principal theses, namely,
the expense of the dramatist, who, being a that Germany is what she is to-day by rea-
creator, should in justice stand higher in the son of a new kind of social statesmanship, and
esteem of the public than his interpreter.
* SOCIALIZED GERMANY, By Frederic C. Howe. New York:
H. C. CHATFIELD-TAYLOR.
Charles Scribner's Sons.


1915)
567
THE DIAL
that it is the features of this new statesman- There must be a wide extension of public
ship that the United States and other coun- ownership, a greater control of the aggres-
tries must take into consideration if they are sions of privilege and property, a big pro-
to be prepared to meet the Germany which, gramme of social legislation, a change in our
in victory or defeat, shall emerge from the system of education, and the exclusion of
present conflict.
privileged and business interests from the
In a series of some twenty chapters, Mr. long ascendancy which they have enjoyed in
Howe describes this new social statesmanship our political life.” The observation is offered
to which he attaches such extreme impor- that it required the war to make this clear to
tance. He discusses succinctly the characteris- Great Britain, and the hope is expressed that
tics of the German constitution, the economic the United States may now be shaken from
foundations of class rule, the essential lines her complacency as well.
of recent economic progress, the theory and Mr. Howe is not a Socialist, and, granted
extent of State Socialism, the state-owned that special privilege can be abolished and
railways, the operation of canals and water- industrial freedom attained in other ways, he
ways, the treatment of unemployment, social would have society continue to be organized
insurance, education, sanitation, the govern- upon an essentially non-Socialistic basis. But
ment and building of cities, municipal land- he would see an extension of state activity far
ownership, housing projects, and a multitude beyond the limits yet attained in English-
of other matters. In all of the activities which speaking countries. Again, he perhaps takes
he describes, the measure of efficiency attained hardly sufficient account of the noteworthy
is, by the common testimony of observers, extensions that have been made, even in our
substantial; in some it is fairly phenomenal. own land, in the past ten or fifteen years.
The unrelieved record of skilled achievement
FREDERIC AUSTIN OGG.
in public affairs which Mr. Howe sets down
is likely, however, to pall somewhat; and the
reader may be pardoned if he occasionally
wonders whether, after all, the author has
BACONIZING SHAKESPEARE.*
been as keen to detect shortcomings and fail-
"A history, review and critical study of
ures (there must be some such !) as to gather both sides of the Bacon-Shakespeare Ques-
up statistics and other evidences of success. tion.” Such is the wording of the advertise-
It must be admitted that the German social ment that induced me, notwithstanding a firm
and industrial system can easily be portrayed resolution never again to waste a moment's
in a manner to make it appear very attrac- time on this "question," to take up the peru-
tive, if not well-nigh ideal. The fatal flaw in sal of Mr. James Phinney Baxter's large and
it, however, to the English and American way forbidding, though handsome, volume enti-
of thinking, is the fact that the system is a tled “The Greatest of Literary Problems."
product of, and is continually sustained by, a A more thoroughly misleading advertisement
species of political absolutism. The advan-
was never penned. The book is neither a
tages possessed by the Germans have been history nor a review of the subject it deals
gained at a cost which English-speaking peo- with, and anything more uncritical cannot be
ples would refuse to pay,- a cost taken out imagined. In reality it is an undisguised and
of individual initiative and liberty. All of
vicious attack upon William Shakespeare and
this Mr. Howe recognizes. Indeed, he frankly everything even in the remotest way con-
declares for a badly managed democracy in nected with him (e.g., his birthplace, ances-
preference to an efficient state of absolutism. try, home, education, character, biographers,
None the less, it may be questioned whether commentators, etc.), and a deification of Sir
the vitiating effects of German autocracy Francis Bacon. Mr. Baxter's book may be
and bureaucracy have been adequately esti-
divided into two parts. In the first part he
mated, and whether the industrial democracy attempts to prove that William “Shakspere "
of the country is really quite so splendid a of Stratford, an indifferent actor in a London
thing as it is represented to be.
theatrical company, did not write the “Shake-
What Mr. Howe means by "taking into speare” works and, because of his illiteracy,
consideration” the new, German type of could not have written them; in the second
statesmanship is made plain by a paragraph he proves, to his own satisfaction, that Bacon
in his preface. He means that other peoples, was the hidden author not only of the Shake-
including Americans, will be obliged to aban- speare works but also of all the writings that
don the old conception that the only business scholars and historians attribute to Marlowe,
of organized society is to protect the indi-
* THE GREATEST OF LITERARY PROBLEMS. By James Phinney
vidual from domestic and foreign aggression.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
Baxter.


568
(Dec. 9
THE DIAL
Kyd, Greene, Spenser, Peele, Burton, “and granted to certain publishers to print some
others." In what follows I shall consider only of Shakespeare's productions: "It was not
a few points in the first part of Mr. Baxter's necessary for the author's name to appear on
book, for it is obvious that unless he can the Stationer's register." Yet on page 105
prove the first half of his thesis there is no he speaks of it as “a striking fact that this
reason for giving the other even a thought. name is not found in the Stationer's Regis-
Shakespeare is in possession, and he must be ters.” But Shakespeare's name does appear
ousted rightfully and unequivocally before in the Stationer's Register. On August 23,
we can consider another claimant for the title 1600, the Stationer's guild issued a license to
of “Prince of Poets.” Besides, the latter por- print “ Two bookes . . Muche a Doo about
tion of Mr. Baxter's book deals with crypto- Nothinge . . Kinge Henry the iiijth . . Wryt-
grams, anagrams, symbolisms, cyphers, and ten by master Shakespere”: on Nov. 26, 1607,
other mystical things, and that way mad- "A booke called. Master William Shakspeare
ness lies.
his historye of Kinge Lear"; and on May 20.
In his attempt to dethrone Shakespeare, 1609, “A booke called Shakespeares Son-
Mr. Baxter like every other Baconian nettes.” The license to print the first Folio
proceeds in accordance with a definite rule, is too well known to be reproduced here.
which may be formulated somewhat as fol- Mr. Baxter devotes a considerable portion
lows: Traduce the actor-poet and his ances- of his book to proving that Shakespeare
tors; harp on the filthiness of his birthplace “the actor was unknown to contemporary au-
and his neighbors; run down the Stratford thors,” that very "little personal notice was
Grammar School; reject as unworthy of taken of him," that “what was said did not
belief every tradition favorable to the “Strat- identify him with the works which bear his
fordian”; accept as incontrovertible fact name," and that “not one identifies the actor
every tale that tends to besmirch his char- with the author of the plays or poems." We
acter; put the worst possible construction on shall prove every one of these assertions
every unexplained circumstance in his life; false. Shakespeare was very frequently
suppress all documentary evidence that will spoken of by his
, contemporaries, some of
not fit into your theory; sneer at the com- whom even wrote adulatory poems to him.
mentators and call them pedants”; pit one The evidence as to this, most of which is to
biographer's conjectures against another's; be found in Ingleby's
be found in Ingleby's “Centurie of Prayse,"
harp on the lawsuits in which Shakespeare Mr. Baxter suppresses or distorts. He selects
figured as the plaintiff; exasperate the ortho- for quotation only such allusions and refer-
dox Shakespearean by spelling the Strat- ences to the poet-dramatist about which there
fordian's name "Shakspere"; and this above can be some doubt, such as Spenser's refer-
all: exaggerate Olympus-high the knowledge ence to "Aetion" and to "pleasant Willy."
of law, medicine, scripture, music, linguistics, The testimony of Chettle, in which, too,
ornithology, botany, philosophy, psychiatry, Shakespeare is not named, he rejects (p. 80)
angling, soldiership, astronomy, astrology, on the ground that Chettle was fat; Greene's
horticulture, etc., possessed by the author of testimony is rejected (p. 79) because “ he died
the Shakespeare works. Before we have read after a debauch of pickled herrings and
many pages of Mr. Baxter's book, we are Rhenish"; and Heywood is disqualified as a
assumed to be convinced that “Shakespeare witness on the ground that “we have no rea-
the poet” was a high-bred gentleman, an son to assume that he knew anything about
aristocrat, a courtier, lawyer, scholar, and the actor's real connection with the works
philosopher of the first magnitude, and that which bear his name.” Jonson's testimony,
“Shakspere the actor" was a "close-fisted, which identifies Shakespeare the poet with
shrewd, unscrupulous, avaricious" boor, a Shakespeare of Stratford to a certainty, is
coarse, ignorant, rude, unpolished, low- rejected because he was envious, got drunk,
minded, boisterous, mean, litigious, lascivious, bragged about himself, fought a duel, and
lecherous, and adulterous yokel, a frequenter employed invectives freely. The testimony
of taverns and a professional gambler. (This of Heminge and Condell, the poet's friends,
caricature of a man was chosen by Bacon as theatrical associates, and "editors," is got
his mask!) Every now and then we are re- rid of by some hocus-pocus that is unintelligi-
minded that while so-and-so was going on in ble to us. The inscription on the Stratford
London the Stratfordian was plying his monument is not mentioned.
"petty trade and overreaching his neighbors." The following brief references, not one of
Let us examine a few of Mr. Baxter's argu- which is even so much as hinted at by Mr.
ments and facts. On page 67 he says, quite Baxter, although they are all unequivocal
correctly, while speaking of the licenses
the licenses references to Shakespeare as a poet, are here


1915)
569
THE DIAL
introduced as an indication of our author's Wilmecote Ardens. The remoteness of this fam-
disregard for the truth. In 1598, Francis ily rendered interference improbable, but it might
Meres accorded unstinted praise to “melliflu-prove troublesome, and so the question of an
ous and hony-tongued Shakespeare" for his
Arden impalement was dropped. The request,
poems, sonnets, comedies, and tragedies, some
however, for recognition was granted. This ir-
regular procedure aroused criticism, and objec-
of which he named. Webster, in 1612, eulo-
tions were raised against it on the ground of
gized “the right happy and copious industry legalizing an infringement, but nothing was done.”
of Master Shake-speare." In 1614, Thomas
The italics single out the more important
Freeman wrote an extremely eulogistic son-
net “to Master W. Shakespeare” in praise of sessed the scholar's spirit, and read the origi-
errors in this passage. Had Mr. Baxter pos-
his “plaies and poems.' The year after
nal documents pertaining to this matter, he
Meres's “Palladis Tamia” was published, John
would have known that the 1596 application
Weever wrote a sonnet praising “Honie-
said absolutely nothing, directly or indirectly,
tongu'd Shakespeare," and five years later
about impaling Mary Arden's arms. The
(1604) “An(tony) Sc(olloker), gentleman, "
applicants made no false statement about her
spoke of “friendly Shakespeares tragedies.”
ancestry. The allegation in the drafts that
In 1605, Camden included William Shake-
she was the daughter of Robert Arden,
speare in a list of the “most pregnant wits”
Esquire," contains no falsehood. After
(i.e., intellects) of the time. Barnfield, too,
very careful study of this question, I can say
wrote the praises of Shakespeare's "hony-
that the poet's maternal grandfather was a
flowing Vaine,” and in 1615 “Mr. Willi.
descendant of the Ardens of Warwickshire,
Shakspeare” was included in Stow's "An-
being the son of Thomas Arden who was the
nals” in a list of our modern and present
excellent poets.” The dramatist is unequivo- therefore a “gentleman” and entitled to
second son of Sir Walter Arden, and was
cally spoken of as an actor by John Davies in
arms. Shakespeare's application for heraldic
a poem “ To our English Terence, Mr. Will:
Shakespeare” who “plaid some kingly parts College of Arms, as I have proved elsewhere.
distinction in 1596 was not held up by the
in sport.
Mr. Baxter's silence as to these
After 1596 the poet and his father are almost
important references is the more remarkable
when we consider the fact that he does not fail always given the appellation “Master.” In
1599 the Shakespeares made no request for a
to apply to Shakespeare a large number of
recognition of the arms assigned in 1596, as
unsavory and uncomplimentary allusions to
unidentified and unidentifiable persons in the
there was no need for doing so. What they
asked for was the right to impale and quarter
literature of the period, and to identify with their own the arms of Robert Arden of
Shakespeare with ridiculous characters (e.g.
Wilmecote. The heralds did not describe
Crispinus, Sogliardo) in the dramas of his
these arms in the draft, but in a marginal
contemporaries, although some of these have
sketch they show the following shield : Argent,
been almost certainly identified with others
a fess checquy Or and Azure. On the unas-
(e. g., Crispinus - Marston).
sailable authority of Drummond, Camden,
Let us next give the reader an illustration
etc., I can say that this escutcheon was prop-
of how much or little — Mr. Baxter knows
of the facts of Shakespeare's life. Regarding elder sons of the Warwickshire or Park Hall
erly borne only by the descendants of the
the poet's coat-of-arms (p. 34)- a subject to
(not “Wilmecote") Ardens. As soon as the
which he delights to refer on all occasions heralds discovered this technical error, they
because some have said that the coat was ob-
erased these arms and substituted for them
tained “fraudulently” and that the transac-
the following:
tion was
discreditable to all concerned”
Gules, three cross-crosslets
fitchee and a chief Or, with a martlet of the
first for a difference. This has been called by
"In 1596, another application [for armorial
insignia] was made, coupled with a request for Baconians, and others who have not given the
permission to impale the arms of Mary Arden, subject the study it deserves, the “Cheshire
his wife. In this case a false statement of her
Arden arms,
on the assumption that it was
ancestry was made, and so it was held up by the the coat peculiar to this family. As a matter
heralds for three years. In 1599 another applica of fact it is absolutely certain that it was the
tion was made requesting the recognition of the appropriate escutcheon for younger branches
coat of arms of 1596, and the right of the grantee
to impale . . the coat of arms of the Ardens of
of the Park Hall Ardens, just as the fesse
At least
Wilmecote. At this the heralds again balked, checquy was for the older branch.
realizing that this influential family would protest
two Warwickshire Ardens, Sir Herald de
against it; and, finally, an Arden family residing Arden and William, the youngest son of Sir
in Cheshire was found bearing no relation to the Walter, bore the very arms sketched for Mary
he says:
.


570
(Dec. 9
THE DIAL
Shakespeare in 1599. The arms of the Cheshire admission), that he was an actor (and there-
Ardens were like those of the younger branch fore had to have the knowledge requisite to
of the Park Hall Ardens because the two reading the script of his parts — there were
families were related, notwithstanding Mr. no typewriters then), and that these four sig.
Baxter's statement to the contrary. The natures differ so much from one another that
action of the heralds was determined by a (to ordinary observation) they hardly look like
desire for correctness, not by a venal motive. the writings of the same individual, and by
No recognition was granted in 1599 because his showing (in a Table on p. 270) that in
none had been asked for. The statement these signatures alone Shakespeare wrote
that any irregular procedure in connection three kinds of i, of a, of h, of p, etc. An illit-
with the Arden impalement had given rise to erate person such as Mr. Baxter depicts writes
criticism and objections is not true. It was his name always the same, does not omit the
because of the 1596 grant that the malicious connecting strokes between the letters (be-
and envious Ralph Brooke preferred charges cause he does not know their importance),
against his superiors. Mr. Baxter's statement introduces no innovations, abbreviations,
that nothing was done in the matter is not signs of contraction, or fancy touches, and
true either. Something was done. A special does not know several forms for each letter.
commission was appointed to investigate the He writes always one and the same. Inci.
charges against the College, and in 1602 the dentally, it may be remarked that Mr. Bax-
commission reported that the Shakespeare ter's facsimiles are very bad, crudely traced,
coat-of-arms had been rightly granted because blurred, blotted, the letters broken up, and
John "hath borne magestracy and was Jus- are of no value whatever for the purpose for
tice of peace at Stratford upon Avon, he which they are ostensibly intended. It is also
maried the daughter and heire of Arderne worthy of comment that though Mr. Baxter
and was able to maintaine that estate.” professes the greatest contempt for handwrit-
Under the heading, "A Crucial Question,” ing experts (he is evidently not acquainted
Mr. Baxter devotes a chapter of his book to with the admirably scientific work in this field
proving that the Stratfordian was so illiterate done by such men as A. S. Osborn and the
that he could barely write his name and that German graphiographers), he has absolutely
therefore it was impossible for him to have no hesitation in calling as his witnesses such
written the Shakespeare works. To accom- men as Wellstood, the secretary of the Birth-
plish this marvel, our learned author pours place, Mr. Smedley, a Baconian, and others, if
out the vials of his sarcasm on Mrs. Thumm- their testimony is favorable to his side of the
Kintzel (who is a graphologist and not a case. But it is really unreasonable to expect a
handwriting expert) for her analysis of the Baconian or anti-Shakespearean to be logical
characters of Bacon and of Shakespeare from or consistent. In this matter of calligraphy,
their handwritings, and for her attempted Mr. Baxter does not scruple to go even fur-
proof that Shakespeare's will is a holograph, ther. Speaking of the Guildhall signature
exposes the shallowness of Mr. Gervais and (he means the British Museum signature),
of Mr. Pym (not "Pyne") Yeatman as hand- he says (p. 278), on the authority of Malone,
writing experts, damns all handwriting ex- “Steevens acknowledged that he placed the
perts - and then sets himself up as one! I a over the signature which has appeared in
concede at once that Mr. Gervais was wholly most [? some) reproductions since.
in error when he identified the MS. notes in the introduction of this spurious a which
a certain volume of Montaigne's Essays as caused him to triumphantly declare that it
being in Shakespeare's hand, that Mr. Yeat- was the trap which caught Ireland in his
man has not proved his case, and that Mrs. forgeries.” Taught by previous experience
Kintzel is not to be taken seriously. I also we refer to Malone's “Inquiry,” the edition of
concede that Sir Sidney Lee and Professor 1796, and find that he has been misquoted.
Wallace are not handwriting experts,— but On page 118 Malone says: “My engraver
then, they never posed as such. Mr. Baxter's (sic — not Steevens) had made a mistake in
assertion that the Shakespeare signatures on placing an a over the name," and on p. 121
the deed in the Guildhall Library, on the
“Your Lordship sees that if Mr.
mortgage in the British Museum, on the first Steevens and I had maliciously intended to
page of the will, and on the Mountjoy affida- lay a trap for this fabricator (Ireland) to fall
vit are the labored writings of a person who into, we could not have done the business
had been taught to write only his signature is more adroitly. But you will readily acquit
utterly disproved by his own admissions that
us of any such intention.”
young William attended the Stratford school Speaking of the autograph lately discov-
(knowing how to write was a requisite for ered by Professor Wallace, an autograph
he says:


1915)
571
THE DIAL
>
are.
whose freedom from conventionality and rules of grammar and composition as he has
whose extremely original terminal abbrevia- for persons or for facts. The book is execra-
tion irrefutably demonstrate its owner to have bly written. A few illustrations will not be
been a rapid and facile penman, Mr. Baxter amiss : One of the studies to which I de-
makes the false statement that according to voted much labor and research, and prepared
Professor Wallace the body of the affidavit | it for the press.' “ We will consider the
and the deponent's signature are in one hand biography by Knight, which forms an entire
and that we therefore now have “an entire volume of his edition of the Shakespeare
page of his handwriting," -- an opinion that
. an opinion that Works, who, to lend importance to his sub-
that distinguished scholar never expressed and ject, which he realizes we know little about,
that no sensible person ever could express.* devotes ample space at the outset to prove
The autographs on the last two (not “two that he was of heroic extraction.” “A biog-
last ") pages of the poet's will, and the words rapher may (with facility) dispose of impor-
“By me," are rejected by Mr. Baxter as evi- tant questions .. and readers confused by a
dence of the testator's skill in penmanship by plethora of verbiage.” “When visited on one
assuming and pretending to be able to prove occasion by Cranmer, Hooker was found
that in writing them the writer's “ blunder- reading Horace.” “We have a well-written
ing hand” was guided by his attorney. In book devoted to the exploitation of the impos-
this way Mr. Baxter "accounts for the strong sible theory that the play of Henry V."
resemblance of these signatures to the hand- (published in 1598) "is an autobiography en
writing of the will” — a resemblance which, détail of the Stratford actor, written, we are
in fact, does not exist. Mr. Baxter finds in told, after the writer had 'shed tears of
these signatures “all the earmarks” of having regret' over the untimely fate of Huth who
been written in the manner he suggests, but wrote a life of Buckle” (who died in 1862).
he does not inform us what these earmarks “Hamlet' .. was a youthful production
“
Anyone who has ever given this sub- carried on his flight to London in his pocket.”
ject any scientific consideration knows that a “We see her (i.e. Judith] as Volumnia in a
signature written by a guided hand does portrait of Mary Arden, his mother.” “Hav-
really have certain definite characteristics ing become dilapidated, John Ward, already
(e. g. absence of curves, abrupt breaks in the mentioned, . . an actor, was in Stratford
strokes, sudden changes in the direction of .. and conceived the idea of restoring it.”
the strokes, variations in the size and in the Poor dilapidating John Ward !
shading of the letters, irregularities in align-
SAMUEL A. TANNENBAUM.
ment, misplaced shading, variations in pen
pressure, evidences of hesitation and con-
straint, zigzag lines, etc.; cf. Osborn's “Ques-
tioned Documents") of which these signatures
A CURIOSITY IN LITERARY HISTORY.*
show not a trace.
When a woman does anything amazing, prov-
Mr. Baxter vents his spleen on all those
erbial wisdom tells us : “ Cherchez l'homme.”
who have done most to bring Shakespeare In the case of her “History of Italian Litera-
and his writings home to us. Thus the late
Thus the late ture,” Miss Florence Trail has herself gener-
Dr. Furness, as gentle and lovable and accom- ously supplied the missing link. One of the
plished a scholar as ever drew breath, is con- last chapters of her book is an eight-page
stantly spoken of as a pedant, a "monumental eulogy of the clerical polygraph, Cesare
scholar,” a chauvinist, a man who immortal- Cantù. This author, whose bulky literary
ized himself by his folly, etc. Our author is baggage usually receives a scant paragraph in
not even above such jejune puerilities as this: histories of literature, wrote too much to be
“Furness, who for nearly forty years dis-
accurate in anything: Like Margites of old,
turbed the black-lead market by his demand“ he knew all things, but he knew them all
for pencils to write his multitudinous notes.' badly." He was, moreover, blinded by relig-
(Wonderful pencils to have been able to do ious prejudice. His “History of Italian Lit-
that!)
erature,” drawn from his “Universal History,"
Mr. Baxter has as little regard for the appears to be the vade mecum of the present
6
author.
* While writing the above, I wrote to Mr. Baxter for his
authority for the opinion he attributed to Mr. Wallace, and The following is Miss Trail's plan for her
received the following reply: “I conclude that I have done
an injustice to Prof. Wallace, for I find that he has expressed
work: “ To those ( writers] of the first impor-
an opinion that does not warrant my strictures, and that it tance I have devoted a biographical sketch and
was the late Durning-Lawrence who declared them (the depo-
sition and the signature] to be holographic. How I could have an analysis. Those of the second class are
been so misled is explainable only on the hypothesis that it
was by some one of the many reviewers who quoted the opin-
By Florence Trail.
ion of Lawrence and misapplied it." - S. A. T.
Boston: Richard G. Badger.
• A HISTORY OF ITALIAN LITERATURE.


572
(Dec. 9
THE DIAL
represented by a biographical sketch and a declares that Petrarch's lady-love was Madame
translation. The third class have only the Laura de Sade. "This object of his (Pe-
sketch; and the fourth are mentioned in pass- trarch's) life-long affection was not only a
ing, or in foot-notes.” Thus it appears that to married woman, but continued to live in peace
Miss Trail's mind biography is of primary and happiness with her husband, and became
consequence in literary history. Unfortu- | the mother of eleven children." And Madame
nately, her “sketches are by no means always Laura de Sade receives the well-earned eulogy
accurate, and rarely show any effort to estab- for her virtue.
lish the relation between biographical details As for the analyses, they deal with well
and literary production. Following Cantù, known works, and are rarely used to bring
by whom never in a single instance is an out the distinctive features of the author's
author's work separated from his character," thought. The translations are fair, sometimes
she is at great pains to tell us that this man's happy; but, with the analyses, they seem
life was blameless, this one's stained with meant to take the place of any general esti-
immorality. She is rather too generous in mate of the author's contribution to the
distributing the orange-blossom wreath of thought of his time or of his relations to others.
purity. Suffice it to say that castae mores A large number of writers are "mentioned in
were not as common in the Renaissance, for passing.” It would have been better to omit
instance, as her account of certain authors them altogether, for the information given is
would imply. This mania for shielding her scarcely more than could be found in a pocket
heroes leads her into some strange interpreta- encyclopædia.
tions. Thus she tells us that Dante's private It will be noted that Miss Trail says nothing
life was wholly immaculate. (Cantù gave his about critical estimates in her plan. This
unqualified approval to only two writers, - would seem to be the least important part of
Dante and Manzoni.) Hence she is at a loss a history of literature. As a matter of fact,
to understand the bitter reproaches of Beatrice such criticism as one finds is thrown out in the
at the summit of the mountain of Purgatory. form of obiter dicta. The two examples which
She interprets the “dark wood" at the begin- follow will perhaps spare the reader vain re-
ning of the poem as “the moral and political grets. The first deals with Boccaccio (ana-
disorder of Italy.” For her the three beasts thema to Cantù), who is accorded a “ sketch
who obstruct the poet's passage are
“envious and a brief statement of the subjects of his
Florence," "proud France,” and “the Roman works.
curia, whose supreme characteristic is ava- “It is most deplorable that the subject matter
rice." The usual interpretation would give of these · Tales' has made it necessary for the
these lines a direct bearing on the poet's per- literary world to relegate them to an ignominious
sonal experience, the dark wood represents obscurity. Boccaccio is now known simply as the
worldliness, and the beasts bad habits that
author of a book which cannot be read: too
prevent his reform. The old commentators
immoral to be fairly criticised; too offensive for
interpreted the latter as luxury, pride, and
vituperation. The only endurable "Tales' are
those of 'Lisa's love for King Alphonso,' and
avarice; but the most modern view, which
• The Marquis of Saluzzo and Griselda.'”
would make Dante's meaning still more per-
The second judgment is like unto the first. The
sonal, is that the beasts represent incontinence,
violence, and fraud. It will be remembered
writer has just summarized a story of Ban-
dello's in which a woman's virtue stands the
that the wolf of incontinence proved the great-
test. She concludes:
est obstacle to Dante's progress. However it
may be, few scholars contend to-day that the
“ This story of the complete triumph of a brave,
poet's errors were all intellectual. Cantù and
ingh-spirited woman sets the ball in motion which
is to produce the modern novel. It will not stop
Miss Trail forget that to Dante's mind unchas-
until it has completely annihilated all the Tom
tity was a venial sin compared to heresy. Per-
Joneses and the Roderick Randoms."
haps they would exonerate him from both. A
On finishing Miss Trail's book, we have but
serious error in the interpretation of the poem
one regret: if only she had simply translated
is Miss Trail's statement that Dante "had not
Cantù's “ History,” she would have amused us
been guilty of the crimes of the Inferno,
still more.
but he has committed (as who has not?) the
BENJ. M. WOODBRIDGE.
sins of the Purgatorio.” Once more she for-
gets that the sins punished are the same; only
The first volume of an “ Oxford Treasury of
failure to repent condemns souls to hell.
French Literature," compiled by Mr. A. G.
Another exasperating trait of Miss Trail's Latham, and extending from the
Song of Ro-
is the unreserved statement as fact of hypo- land” to the “ Memoirs” of St. Simon, is soon to
theses which please her. For instance, she
appear from the Oxford University Press.


1915)
573
THE DIAL
"
sessed by irresistible desires and acquiescing
RECENT FICTION.
in a commonplace round of affairs, on the
With “ These Twain Mr. Arnold Bennett
whole, quite as inconsistent and human as her
emerges from his occupation with other mat- husband.
ters and finishes, for the time being at least, Being married, and settled down in Bur-
his great achievement, the “Clayhanger” sley, these two were, like many other mar-
series. The completed work now stands up ried people, intent on their own particular
in contemporary fiction something as a great business and their own particular desires, as
cathedral stands up above a crowded town. well as on the life in common which is the
It is unlike a cathedral in that it has very necessity of married life. Edwin is the
little that is religious about it, but it is like it clearer figure — in fact the story is chiefly
in that it is a great monument of popular told from his standpoint,—and his position
life with one definite purpose and a thousand is plain: he is comfortably situated and
details. One can spend an hour here or there wishes to remain so. The excitements and
in looking at this or that piece of carving, bit enthusiasms and revolts of youth have passed,
of sculpture, problem of architecture; or one and he has settled down into a prosperous
can take in the unity of the whole. Mr. Ben- business man who has few desires beyond
nett has already given us a book about Edwin business success and home comfort. Hilda is
Clayhanger and another about Hilda Less-
not so obvious, but whatever she is she is
ways; this third gives us the union of the something altogether different from that.
two.
She is continually reaching out, and always
The book has a unity in itself, and anyone seeing things that she wants more than the
may read it with pleasure and comprehension things she has got. The two are in love -
by itself. But of course it begins with what even, it would seem, when they passed Mr.
has been given before. It is the same Edwin, Bennett's three-year limit, — but neither is so
grown to manhood and still a boy in some much in love as to sympathize deeply with
ways (just as Hilda is in some ways still a the other's desires or habits or ways of doing
giri); he is, as before, cautious and hesitating or looking at things.
yet managing to be successful, longing for ro-
We might easily enough suppose that there
mance yet resigned to an ordinary existence, is no more definite idea controlling the devel-
grandiose in conception and slip-shod in exe- opment of this book than the conception of
cution, making everything do while it would
these very interesting characters in the given
and waiting for things to turn up, timid and situation, and the willingness to have them
proud, meditative and judicial, and yet gener- act in a natural and characteristic way. That
ally saying, “ What does it matter?”—a rebel
is enough for many a novelist. Tourgueniéff
against authority yet outwardly apologetic, used to say, we are told by Mr. James, that
vowing he would never again do what he was his idea was to think of interesting people,
about to do the next day, wishing for adven- being sure that they would behave in an inter-
ture yet devoted to his home and dependent esting way. That is an ultra-realistic view,-
on its hundred minor comforts, undecided for it says, Whatever happens is a story. There
months and acting on the spur of a moment's
are people who seem to have some such idea
impulse, - altogether a very inconsistent and to-day, especially those writers who devote
human person. So, also, is it the same Hilda. themselves to telling the life-story of one or
Not beautiful apparently, originally an “ugly another. On the other hand, however, there
young woman and still with the same olive
are those whose handling of their action is
complexion and black hair and thick eye-controlled in some way or other. Some are
brows, but always attractive, full of vitality, interested in the working out of some definite
of a passionate vibrating voice, with sparkling course of events bound up in a mystery, or an
eyes, making cheerily the most outrageous adventure, or an achievement. Some develop
remarks that ever woman had made in the their course of events so as to present some
Five Towns, hating Edwin for opposing her definite idea or theory.
definite idea or theory. Mr. Bennett has not
and understanding in a flash that he loved of late been one of those who cared much for
her, a woman of most tantalizing psychology, a definite course of action; nor is he so in this
only part woman in fact and part child, part his latest book. Nor does he as a rule use his
sibyl, yet always tingling with life, bent on action as the form of an idea. In this case,
having her own way because she knew better it is true, the action is definitely modelled by
than he what was best, over-valuing what she a clear conception, and that conception a
had not and depreciating what was hers, pos- fundamental proposition (it might seem) to
married life. The first announcement of the
By Arnold Bennett. New York: George
book, and its title, show that it deals with
* THESE TWAIN.
H. Doran Co.


574
(Dec. 9
THE DIAL
marriage. Incidents in the story, so far as But if anyone is inclined to see in the expe-
they have anything to do with each other, are rience of Hilda and Edwin an interpretation
illustrations or developments of this idea. of his own marriage (or possibly hers, though
The end of the book is a discovery (by Edwin) the book seems written from the masculine
of the controlling principle which has so far standpoint), it will be well to remember that
enabled him to be successful in married life. in older days Mr. Bennett “took a malicious
It might be added that the publishers tell us and frigid pleasure, as I always do, ſhe adds]
that "Readers new to Bennett .. will find in setting down facts which are opposed to
here their own married lives interpreted to accepted sentimental falsities.” The facts of
themselves.” It is not clear whether those These Twain” are certainly opposed to some
who have read Bennett before will know bet- accepted sentimental falsities; but it may be
ter than to look for an interpretation of mar- that, fact or no fact, they do not constitute a
riage or anything else; but the idea of the generalization.
generalization. Seekers after light on the
publishers seems clearly to be that this recital dark river will probably find this interpreta-
of the married life of Edwin and Hilda was tion of the problem of marriage as serious
modified and formed by a desire on the part and profound as Mr. Bennett's interpretation
of the author to present the fundamentals of of the problem of evil in the world. Many
the marriage state. It is true that he deals people cannot see reason or justice in hus-
with one marriage only, and that he alludes band or wife and yet still love and like to
to two other marriages as being in Edwin's please each other. In like manner, people
mind very different affairs. But the thing who do wrong incomprehensibly are yet
he presents with most conviction is Edwin's driven to do so by an irresistible force,-
discovery at the end of the book. These books namely, they like to please themselves. In
begin with Clayhanger at the bridge, and both cases they do what they want to do.
they end there; they begin with Clayhanger This comes very near to “A is A," the princi-
looking forward in life, and they end twenty- ple of identity which is the foundation of
five years later with his looking back on it. logical thought.
What he thinks at the beginning is very Mr. Bennett would probably disclaim teach-
indefinite, but what he thinks at the end is ing. When he wishes to teach he writes a
very definite. At the beginning he wants to “pocket philosophy.” In his novels he tells
get out and be himself; at the end he sees of people who lived and acted thus and thus.
that there is much that is wrong in the world His telling is always interesting. Sometimes
and that “right living" means the acceptance he is objective, as they say, and tells how
of injustice and the excusing of the inexcusa- everything and everybody looked. He always
ble. He sees that people who are married seems to know, though it does not always
must often yield to what seems obviously occur to him to say much about it. Some-
great injustice or unreason on the part of times he is satirical,- indeed, he always seems
others merely because whether they be unjust, a little outside the people he tells us of, never
unreasonable, or whatever else, they are the quite to sympathize with them; and in such
loved ones. This was no novelty. “It was a position one can hardly help being a little
banal; it was commonplace; it was what satirical now and then. Sometimes he is ex-
everyone knew.” Clayhanger had known it travagant, like the Bennett of old times, the
before, but not until now did he fully real- Bennett of "Hugo" or "The Grand Babylon
ize it.
Hotel”; and that, after all, is only another
This seems to give the idea that marriage way of being satirical. Most often, however,
is a great and passionate war; its bed-rock he is telling us of the inner life of one or
foundation being the idea of each for himself. another. It is because he knows these things
Love and hate seem not only consistent but that he can tell the story. He knows what
undistinguishable. Its partners are indis- Edwin Clayhanger thought and wanted, and
pensable to each other and intolerable. They why he did things; and he knows also about
are irrational, and they think each other so; Hilda, though not quite so well; and he knows
yet when they kiss each other they are recon- about the others, for of course the book is full
ciled to what in the abstract they cannot of living real people. How he knows these
bear. Such a view of marriage, thoroughly mysteries of the human heart no one can tell;
realized, made a part of one, felt in one's but that he does know is clear from the con-
bones, become a dominant factor in one's sistency, the firmness, of the general view.
domestic cosmos, would — it seems — make He does not say, “Life is like this,” but we
life much easier for persons of incompatible admit that that life must have been like that.
tempers who had got into the habit of living There is possibly one thing more to say.
together.
We can imagine that a novelist should know


1915)
575
THE DIAL
are
66
precisely how his people looked, and how Clarissa Harlowe Barton - it is amusing to think
their surroundings looked, and what every- of her having been christened “ Clarissa Har-
body did. We can imagine, too, that a nov-
lowe"
died three years ago, and this interval
elist should know everything that his people
her biographer has put to good use in making as
felt, thought, wished, and so on,-in fact, complete and as accurate as possible his record of
the great work done by the founder of the Amer-
that is part of the game. But given the sec-
ican branch of the Red Cross Society. Many por-
ond supposition, does a novelist do the fair
traits of “the Angel of the Battle Field"
thing by us if he withholds information con-
given, with numerous other illustrations.
cerning certain very large elements in the
“ The Passing of the Armies” is not a pacifist
lives he is presenting to us? In this book we
tract, but an account of the final campaign of
are told much, but much is withheld. We
the Army of the Potomac, based upon personal
have very slight knowledge of how Edwin reminiscences of the Fifth Army Corps," and its
conducted his business; we are told that he author is General Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain,
prospered and became well off, but it seems whose death as the book was about to go to the
astonishing that such should be the case. We printer made necessary its final revision by his
also have the very slightest notion of what
children. The extraordinary range of the author's
this couple thought of religious matters; it is talents adds to the interest of this his last work
as a writer. Perhaps he is best remembered as
evident that they thought something, and we
president of Bowdoin College from 1876 to 1883,
should say from general principles and pre-
where also he had distinguished himself as teacher
vious knowledge that they thought the matter and lecturer. Theology, languages, literature, law
of some importance. But we know little of it. - all these he seems to have taught with success;
Mr. Bennett presumably feels that he has told and in the larger world he won fame as a military
all that is necessary for normally informed peo- commander, filled a position of some importance
ple about their relations as man and wife; but in the civil service, visited Italy and Egypt in
in that matter people are so unexpected that
later life, and from time to time acquitted him-
common inference is easily at fault. So there
self most creditably as a public speaker. Thus
his contribution to our Civil War history is more
are considerable gaps in our acquaintance
than the record of a mere soldier; it is a schol-
with the situation. Business, religion, sex,-
arly and readable book, with the fresh interest
these are likely to be dominant forces in the belonging to personal recollections of great events.
personal life; it may be that the result Mr.
Mr. George Haven Putnam writes a short bio-
Bennett presents was caused by reasons of graphical introduction, and the book is published,
which he does not tell us.
with portraits and maps, by the firm of which he
But in spite of all such things, the book, as
is head.
well as the completed trilogy, is a great Life is felt by many to be too short to admit of
achievement. It gives us a sense of reality,
even a single rapid reading of Gibbon's great his-
of life as we find it, difficult to get elsewhere.
torical work, and to these a book like Mr. H. B.
And it gives that strange sense of satisfaction
Cotterill's “ Medieval Italy” (Stokes) offers a
welcome epitome of later Roman history, with
with life and approval of it that is a result
much additional matter to illustrate and make
of great art.
EDWARD E. HALE. more interesting the chronicle of the thousand
years (305-1313) covered by the survey. As its
title-page announces, the book contains not only
“ a brief historical narrative," but also “ chapters
HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS.
on great episodes and personalities and on sub-
II.
jects connected with religion, art, and literature."
To each of the five parts into which the subject
BIOGRAPHY AND HISTORY.
naturally divides itself is prefixed “ a brief account
Excellent for its presentation of the real Clara of the political events of the period in question,"
Barton, as portrayed by her own pen, is Dr. Percy and these summaries, the author hopes, “will
H. Epler's biography of that famous woman enable the reader to frame, or perhaps I should
the authorized biography and a work bearing every say to arrange in chronological order and per-
mark of faithful industry on the part of its author. spective, the contents of those chapters in which
“ The Life of Clara Barton (Macmillan). is not with a freer hand I sketch certain interesting
unlike Sir Edward Cook's recent account of Flor- episodes and personalities, endeavouring by means
ence Nightingale, being largely autobiographic in of quotation and description to add a little in the
method, and nearly as substantial in bulk, though way of local colour and portraiture.” Thus the
brought within the limits of a single volume. But drum-and-trumpet part of the story is made not
the resemblance is not confined to externals; the to intrude upon the more richly significant and
same keen observation and gift of humorous ex- far more readable portions of the work. A profu-
pression appear in the quoted letters and diaries sion of illustrations, some in photogravure, with
of each. Laughter must have been a necessity to tables, maps, footnotes, and index, contribute in
both, else the strain of the horrors they forced their several ways to the usefulness and interest
themselves to face would have been unendurable. of the book.


576
(Dec. 9
THE DIAL
66
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
capital from 1539 to the present time, grouped
A devoted Meredithian, designated on the title-
under three headings: “ The Rivers, Bridges and
page with no superfluity of printer's ink as
Quays," " Old Streets, Houses and Markets,” and
“F. E. Green,” gives us an excellent descriptive
"Public Buildings, Monuments and Gardens."
volume on Meredith's country, with frequent quo-
Brief preliminary surveys from Mr. Taylor's pen
tations from the novelist's letters and a fine series
introduce the several sections, and a general intro-
of illustrations (photogravures and line draw-
duction follows the table of contents. Issued in
ings), including a “ view from George Meredith's
paper covers, the work offers opportunity to
window,” “ George Meredith's châlet,” and “the
exercise judgment and taste in giving it a suitable
Crossways,” by Mr. Elliott Seabrooke.“ The Sur-
binding.
rey Hills," as the book is called, is not exclusively
Travel and adventure, hunting and sight-seeing,
or even chiefly devoted to Meredith, but certain in all latitudes and longitudes, are brought within
chapters, as On Box Hill with Meredith," and the covers of a good-sized volume edited by Mr.
“ Over Ranmore to Diana's House," take their A. G. Lewis and entitled “ Sport, Travel, and
note from Diana's creator. Elsewhere there is an
Adventure” (London: T. Fisher Unwin). Fifty-
abundance of wide-ranging allusion and miscel-
four books by writers of wanderlustig propensi-
laneous dialogue to diversify the description, which ties have been drawn upon for suitable selections
itself is generously interlarded with local history. and illustrations, and the whole is a lively collec-
On an early page a misprint that will vex the
tion of travellers' tales. Satisfactory though the
author, and that he will be glad to have corrected editor's selections are in the main, it is somewhat
in later editions, gives us the dramatic extension surprising to find many topics represented by
of the old peasant stock, as its vitality was low-
writers that are by no means the ones first sug-
ered by the successive general Enclosure Acts," gesting themselves as the likeliest to be quoted
where extension ” should undoubtedly be
from. Arctic exploration, for instance, gives us
tinction." As an informal and attractive guide to not a line from Captain Peary's books; African
some of the more interesting parts of Surrey, the adventure calls forth nothing from Livingstone's
book could hardly be better. (Frederick Warne or Stanley's noted chronicles; Swiss mountain-
& Co.)
climbing is unillustrated by anything from Whym-
“ It ain't much trouble for me to take care of
per; and though forbidden Tibet is opened to our
my family," said the New England farmer's hired view, it is not by Mr. Henry Savage Landor. But
man; “I git 'em all under cover every time I put
we have passages from Colonel Roosevelt and
on my hat.”
With such characteristic bits of
Mr. Richard Harding Davis and Miss Annie S.
shrewdly humorous Yankee talk does Mr. Clifton
Peck, and many other hardy adventurers, and we
enliven the pages of latest “
66
ex-
ways and Byways..bork, being the seventh in the Mr. Albert G. Robinson, who has both visited
series and devoted to New England. Not a sys- and written about the Philippines and Cuba and
tematic and consequently unentertaining guide- Porto Rico, adds another book to his list in
book have we here, any more than in the preceding “ Cuba, Old and New” (Longmans), a survey of
volumes of the set; but rather a collection of the salient points in the island's history, with chap-
sketches, full of character and not seldom redolent ters of a descriptive and otherwise instructive
of the soil. The chapters on “Artemus Ward's character, including information useful to the tour-
Town,” “Old Put's Country," "August in the ist who at this season is tempted to escape the
Berkshire Hills," and "Nantucket Days
are not
northern rigors by a sojourn in the Pearl of the
half bad, to put it mildly. As is his custom, the Antilles. Cuba's needs and imperfections are not
author profusely illustrates his book with camera
overlooked by the author, whose twenty years of
glimpses of life, both still and of a less reposeful more or less immediate contact with its affairs enti-
sort, all admirably typical of the region and people tle him to speak understandingly.
“ Full assur-
concerned. It is cheering to find so much of rural ance of peace and order," he believes. “ will come
New England still unspoiled, uncorrupted, un-
only when the people of the island, whether plant-
sophisticated. “Highways and Byways of New ers or peasants, see clearly the difference between
England" is published by the Macmillan Co. a government conducted in their interest and a
government conducted by Cubans along Spanish
Luckily there are no such melancholy associa-
lines." Photographs by Mr. Robinson illustrate
tions connected with the many beautiful illustra-
the volume.
tions that go to the making of “ Paris, Past and
New Mexico's old mission churches are disap-
Present” (Lane) as link themselves to-day with
pearing with alarming rapidity, far more from the
similar representations of many French cities not
ravages of man than from those of nature; and
a hundred miles from Paris. This notable collec-
hence Dr. L. Bradford Prince does well to issue
tion of colored and uncolored drawings, etchings,
at this time his long-contemplated volume on
lithographs, and other products of artistic skill,
“ Spanish Mission Churches of New Mexico "
not far from two hundred in number, is edited by
(The Torch Press). Much more interesting he
Mr. Charles Holme, with text by Mr. E. A. Tay- believes these churches to be than the similar
lor, and constitutes a special autumn number of
structures of California, about which so many
“ The International Studio." Old prints and a books have been written, while the riches of the
great number of later artists have been drawn Sunshine State in this particular remain practi-
upon, so that we have glimpses of the French cally unknown. Half a hundred or more of these


1915]
577
THE DIAL
а.
relics of a romantic past are pictured by the new book he communicates in racy and pictur-
camera and described by the pen in his book, esque language the ripe results of his varied expe-
which has also an abundance of historical infor- riences in the wild. Both the broad fundamentals
mation such as few besides the author could have of successful camping and the superstructure of
supplied. But he adds no index to this rich store minute details are to be found in his useful and
of material. Otherwise the work makes a most entertaining manual. Among other notable chap-
favorable impression.
ters mention should be made of his dissertations on
NATURE AND OUT-DOOR LIFE.
“ The Woman in Camp," “ Getting Lost and What
to Do about it,” and “ The Faculty of Observa-
No one having any knowledge of birdless Italy tion.” Here are his concluding remarks upon the
will refuse to commend the purpose of Mr. Ernest
properly constructed camp stew: “Fed upon this
Harold Baynes's “Wild Bird Guests: How to
manner of manna or manna of manner, as they
Entertain Them” (Dutton). It has long been the
would say in New York — you shall go forth and
author's belief that “ the final solution of the prob-prevail mightily in the land. As to what such a
lem of wild bird conservation lay, not in the enact-
stew as this would mean to a party of tired coon
ing of more or better laws, necessary as those laws hunters at midnight's holy hour — hush, man,
let
are, but in the creation of such an interest in, and
us not speak of sacred matters ! ”
love for birds, that a very large majority of peo-
ple will have not only no desire to destroy them, Leicester Bodine Holland's horticultural manual,
Both novel and practical in its scheme is Mr.
but will actually fight to prevent their destruc-
tion; and that the birds themselves will become
“ The Garden Bluebook” (Doubleday). Peren-
as safe as valuable private property." Well-
nials only, as is indicated in a subtitle, are consid-
informed chapters on our feathered friends, their
ered by the author; but as nearly two hundred of
habits, their enemies, their value in more senses
these are included in the book the proposed garden
than one, and how to promote their well-being, linen-backed, colored chart begins the volume and
need not lack for richness and variety. A folding,
follow the hortatory foreword; and numerous
shows with much ingenuity in disposition of hues
photogravure illustrations, many from the author's
and scale-markings how and when and where to
own camera, are interspersed. Meriden, N. H.,
“ the Bird Village” and the author's home, plays expend your horticultural energies in order to pro-
a prominent part in the book, which ends with
duce the most striking and picturesque effects.
useful instructions how to form bird clubs and
Other charts and plans follow, and the body of the
thus add to the bird villages throughout the coun-
book is devoted to descriptions and illustrations of
try. Mr. Baynes evidently knows how to make
the principal perennials, in alphabetic order on
friends of the birds, and he seems likely also to
the right-hand pages, with blank forms, on the
left-hand, to be filled in 'with observations and
make friends of his readers.
additions by the gardener owning the book. A
No extraordinary experiences of a wild-fowler, many-hued perennial garden almost exhales its
no record-breaking bags” of mallard, widgeon, fragrance on the cover, and the more subdued half-
teal, pochard, pintail, and their kind, no freezing
tone lavishly illustrates the pages of the book.
nights in an open boat, heroically survived by this
The Christmas holidays might be given to less
same hardy fowler in his valorous campaigns profitable and also less pleasant uses than the
against the feathered tribes that sweep over the
planning of one's garden of perennials with the
waters of estuaries and marshes — nothing what-
help of “ The Garden Bluebook.”
ever of this sort will be found in Mr. W. H. Hud-
son's “Adventures among Birds” (Kennerley), the
MISCELLANEOU'S.
ornithographic record of a bird-lover, not the san- Not as an argument for military preparedness,
guinary chronicle of a bird-killer. He regards
we are glad to note, does Mr. John Martin Ham-
birds as
vertebrates and relations, with knowing, mond offer to view the dismantled and crumbling
emotional, thinking brains like ours, and with
condition of our older fortresses, but as a study in
senses like ours, only brighter.” Mr. Hudson's
what is historic and often picturesque. “Quaint
literary style has been warmly praised by others and Historic Forts of North America (Lippin-
besides Mr. John Galsworthy, who says of him, cott) he entitles his splendid volume, a work simi-
furthermore, that he is the finest living observer, lar in wealth of descriptive and illustrative matter
and the greatest living lover of bird and animal
to his Colonial Mansions of Maryland and Dela-
life, and of Nature in her moods.” A few of his
ware.” It is on the Atlantic seaboard, naturally,
chapter-headings, such as “Bird Music," " In a
that he finds the greater number of our weather-
Green Country in Quest of Rare Songsters," "Ava-
worn fortifications, though the Alamo, Fort Lara-
lon and a Blackbird,” and “ The Marsh Warbler's
mie, Fort Vancouver, and other storied redoubts
Music,” will here sufficiently indicate the char-
in the South, West, and North, claim their meas-
acter of his book. A word of perhaps not super-
ure of attention. Of our “ most important En-
fluous caution from the publishers admonishes the
glish military work of early Colonial days," Fort
reader not to confuse the author with that other
Independence, in Boston harbor, he writes, with
writer of note, Mr. William Henry Hudson.
an eye for the picturesque rather than for the
Mr. Emerson Hough, the author of “Out of
bare reality, that “on any bright and cheering
Doors” (Appleton), seems to have hunted and day throngs can be found at the old fort, of
camped and communed with nature from Mexico's
various classes and of widely sundered poles of
troubled border to Alaska's icy strand, and in his
thought.” On some holidays this may be true, but
66
66


578
(Dec. 9
THE DIAL
many a bright and cheering day of labor finds the ties in their proper order as he passes them.”
fort not at all thronged with visitors of any class Why, then does he place the story of the Lorelei
or of any pole of thought whatsoever. Good illus- at the very beginning and not later when the high-
trations in abundance adorn the book.
lands, where the Loreleiberg may be supposed to
Very wisely has it been decided to issue in book- stand, have been reached by the Rhine-ascending
form and with additions Miss Lilian D. Wald's traveller? Diligence in collecting and narrative
recent “Atlantic” articles on “ The House in skill in relating these legends are shown by the
Henry Street” (Holt), the story of vocation or
compiler, who claims for his book more critical
mission promptly and gladly accepted some five
and selective acumen and more of the romantic
and twenty years ago by a young graduate of a
Rhine atmosphere than are to be found in other
New York training school for nurses, and leading
similar compilations. The very places concerned
to more beneficent, more wide-reaching results than
have been visited in quest of the most authentic
could have been dreamed of at the outset. In a
form of each tale, “and only the most character-
straightforward manner that devoted friend of istic and original versions and variants . . have
suffering and unfortunate humanity, as it toils
gained admittance to the collection." It is cer-
and struggles on the East Side of our cosmopoli- tainly a rich and readable volume, and it has a
tan metropolis, tells the story of her labors amid map of the Rhine country, a combined index and
that grimy and often cheerless environment; and glossary, and many illustrations (in color and
the story divides itself into chapters on such
otherwise) by an artist in evident sympathy with
varied though related themes as the establishment the purpose of the book.
of visiting nurses, the relations between the nurse Not the least part of the burden of the present
and the community, children and play, children war is borne by the Red Cross, and its services
who work, the handicapped child, youth and trades have never before been offered so generously or to
unions, weddings and social halls, friends of Rus- so vast a body of sufferers. Timely, therefore, is
sian freedom, social forces, and new Americans in the appearance of a book giving a more compre-
their relation to our institutions and policies. A hensive account of this organization and its labors
number of noted philanthropists, such as Madame for humanity than has hitherto been available in
Breshkovsky, Prince Kropotkin, Mr. Ernest English. “Under the Red Cross Flag at Home
Crosby, and Father McGlynn, pass across the and Abroad” (Lippincott) is written by Miss
pages of the book and add to its interest. Its Mabel T. Boardman, Chairman National Relief
message of good will to all mankind is one espe- Board, American Red Cross, and naturally con-
cially suited to the season. Mr. Abraham Phil- cers itself especially with the American branch
lips's etchings and drawings, often of an appealing of the society, dating from 1881 and claiming
nature in their representations of the joys and Clara Barton as its first leader and presiding offi-
sorrows of the poor, supplement very fittingly the The record of its beneficent labors in fire
photographic illustrations that help to convey the and flood, tornado and earthquake, war and pesti-
book's message and lesson.
lence, is traced with considerable detail down to
Near the end of July of last year, with no slight-
and including its activities in the war now devas-
est foreboding of the troubled days so soon to
tating Europe and extending even beyond its
follow, Miss Anne Hollingsworth Wharton of
borders. The revised Treaty of Geneva is ap-
Philadelphia landed at Plymouth, England, to pur-
pended, and illustrations from photographs show
sue the studies that have now resulted in a pleasing
the varied nature of the demands made upon Red
volume entitled “English Ancestral Homes of Cross workers. With Dr. Epler's life of Clara
Noted Americans" (Lippincott). The Washing-
Barton and Miss Boardman's history of the Red
tons, the Franklins, the Penns, with other families
Cross, both books of the present season, we have
of lesser note, are here traced back to their trans-
small excuse if we remain ignorant of what this
atlantic cradles, and the faithful camera has been
charitable association has done in the past and is
doing in the present.
put to good use in conveying a vivid impression
of these remote origins. The book is, as the author
“It is commonly charged against philosophers
had hoped it would be, an interesting reminder of
that they have little patriotism. It does not occur
“the rock from whence we were hewn and the pit
to those who prefer the charge that philosophers
from whence we were digged.” A wealth of his-
may have something better about which to concern
torical and genealogical lore is contained between
themselves." Thus writes Dr. Frederic Rowland
the book's covers, and especial mention may be
Marvin on an early page of his “Fireside Papers"
made of certain fresh material concerning Frank-
(Sherman), and the passage well illustrates the
lin's visit to Ecton, the home of his ancestors.
tone and temper of the book. Here, as in the
same author's “ Excursions of a Book-Lover," high
Mr. Lewis Spence says he has endeavored so to
thinking and ripened wisdom mingle enjoyably
arrange his “ Hero Tales and Legends of the
with quaint and curious lore of various kinds, with
(Stokes) that they may “illustrate a criticism of books and men, and with quotation
Rhine journey from sea to source
- the manner and translation of poetry from divers sources. Of
in which the majority of visitors to Germany will Mr. Alfred Noyes he well says that "he bas writ-
make the voyage — and to this end the tales have
ten too much for the years of his literary pil-
been marshalled in such form that a reader sitting grimage thus far. We have from his pen some
on the deck of a Rhine steamer may be able to good things, more that are poor, and none yet
peruse the legends relating to the various locali- that take commanding place and give promise of
cer.
Rhine”
a


1915)
579
THE DIAL
66
:
enduring.” With such themes as the loneliness of The name of Etienne de la Boétie, if known only
genius, the philosophic temper, human derelicts, by the poem of Emerson at the head of which it
Maupassant and Poe, and the River of Oblivion, stands, helps no little to quicken interest in Mon-
the book holds our willing attention.
taigne's short essay on friendship which was ad-
In these days when the bottom seems to be fall-
dressed to this best friend of the writer. In a
ing out of everything, it is no work of supereroga-
limited edition, with rubricated initials and head-
tion to endeavor to fasten with certainty upon
pieces, and with other attributes of excellence,
those things that are firm and imperishable. Such there are published both “ Montaigne's Essay on
an attempt is made by Dr. Hugh Black in his con- Friendship” and “XXIX Sonnets by Estienne de
tribution to this season's books, a modest volume la Boetie," translated by Mr. Louis How. Love
entitled “ The New World” (Revell), four chap- and friendship are the themes of the sonnets,
ters of which have already found favor with
which thus appropriately supplement the prose
magazine-readers. “ The purpose of this book," treatise similarly inspired. Evident care and skill
he explains,“ is to understand the causes of unrest have been bestowed upon the rendering of both
in the religion of our time, and to enforce the prose and verse, the obvious difficulties in each
need of restatement, and if possible to indicate the case, and especially in the latter, being a spur to
lines of the probable statement. • . The most I best endeavor. (Houghton Mifflin Co.)
seek to do is to suggest for a transition time like Not unworthy of its splendid theme is the title
this a point of view that may enable some to hold chosen by Dr. J. Edward Parrott for his book,
their footing." Accordingly, the discussion has to “The Pageant of English Literature” (Sully &
do with the spirit of the age, the changing order, Kleinteich), a companion volume to his similarly
the things that remain, and other kindred and named work on English history. From the rude
fruitful themes, all handled with the author's cus- beginnings of his country's literature down to the
tomary insight and helpful suggestiveness.
death of Tennyson he sketches in popular style
Miss Lilian Bell tells the story of a happy the main facts in that literary history, with brief
thought and its beneficent results in “ The Story outlines or descriptions of the more famous works
of the Christmas Ship" (Rand, McNally & Co.), and with occasional illustrative quotations. The
a generous octavo filled with details of the great biographical element, too, is not wanting, and a
charitable enterprise started by her last year in rich pageantry of color meets the eye in half the
behalf of the hosts of children made fatherless by numerous illustrations, chiefly from famous paint-
the war in Europe. Seven million gifts from
ings. Ample pages, wide margins, and large print
American children went across the Atlantic in the
contribute to the book's sumptuous appearance,
U.S. S.“Jason” and into the Christmas stockings
and in its reading matter it betters expectation by
of the unfortunate little folk of the warring coun-
devoting its first five chapters to the beginnings of
tries. Miss Bell writes with her usual vivacity, and literature in general — something not promised in
the very aspect of her pages, with their innumer- the title. As giving a bird's-eye view of its field,
able short paragraphs, their thick sprinkling of
and as a useful and attractive work for young
exclamation points, their frequent dashes, and
readers, the book is to be commended.
other appeals to the eye, is hardly characteristic All is certainly not right with the world as
and perhaps not ineffective. Her portrait is the viewed by Mr. Seymour Deming in his “profane
only illustrative feature of the book, which might baccalaureate," "The Pillar of Fire" (Small, May-
well have been enlivened with camera views of nard & Co.). Let us have done, he urges, with the
incidents narrated, if such visual records had been smoothly conventional baccalaureate sermon and
available. brilliant binding and wrapper make tell our graduating classes the plain, unvarnished
up the exterior equipment of this notable Christ- truth. “Are you content,” he asks, with exuberance
mas book.
of rhetoric, to scan sonorous Sophoclean odes
From Philip Freneau to Paul Lawrence Dun- which bewail a fate-begotten plague in seven-gated
bar, the better-known nineteenth-century American
Thebes whilst there are, on the island of Manhat-
poets, to the number of nearly a hundred and tan, fifty-one blocks huddling 3,000 people to each,
fifty, are represented in Miss Jessie B. Ritten- through which creeps the icy contagion of tubercu-
house's pocket anthology, “ The Little Book of
losis?" Again: “How shall the college be brought
American Poets" (Houghton), a companion vol-
back to its rightful task,- the teaching of revolu-
ume to “ The Little Book of Modern Verse" com- tionism? By the likes of you. Seek and ye shall
piled by the same hand. A few overlappings in
find." In this vehement vein, enlivened in one
the two lists of verse-writers inevitably occur, place by a “Socratic scherzo," and in another by
since the end of the nineteenth century did not,
a list of " dishonorary degrees,” the author val-
fortunately, bring an end to all our songsters of iantly strives to set right a world that is all wrong.
that period; and where inadequate space may “We are not loved as a nation,” says Professor
seem to have been allotted to a contemporary poet Edward A. Steiner, “ largely because we are not
in the later volume, he will be found to be more understood, and we are not understood because we
fully represented in the earlier. In its professed do not understand ourselves, and we do not under-
purpose to present in compact form some of the stand ourselves because we have not studied our-
finer and more enduring things in our poetic lit- selves in the light of the spirit of other nations."
erature” this handy volume has attained a good Something of this detached view of ourselves is
measure of success.
offered in Mr. Steiner's latest book, "Introducing
66


580
(Dec. 9
THE DIAL
66
the American Spirit” (Revell), in which he de-
NOTES.
scribes with vivacity and humor his experience as
host and cicerone to a visiting German of some
A new edition of Mr. Louis C. Elson's “ History
note, whom he calls “ the Herr Director," and who, of American Music," revised and brought down to
it should be added, is accompanied by “ the Frau date, is promised for early issue by the Mac-
Directorin." Enthusiastic in his devotion to his millan Co.
adopted country, and with no hyphen disfiguring "How Diplomats Make War" is the promising
his Americanism, the host played his part so well title of an anonymous volume which Mr. B. W.
as almost to overcome some of the prejudices of Huebsch will publish at once. The author is
his guests from Berlin. At any rate, his effort, as described as a British statesman."
described by himself, was most creditable to him
“ Old Familiar Faces” was the title chosen by
and is very enjoyable in the reading.
the late Theodore Watts-Dunton for his volume of
“If laughing hurts you, let this book alone!” recollections of the many famous men and women
is the caution displayed on the wrapper of “ The with whom he had been on terms of friendship.
Log of the Ark, by Noah; Hieroglyphics by Ham; It has just appeared in London, and will undoubt-
Excavated by I. L. Gordon and A. J. Frueh edly find American publication also. The editor
(Dutton). It belongs, of course, to that class of contributes an Introduction dealing with life at
might-have-been ancient humor in which Mr. “ The Pines."
Maurice Baring and others have in recent years Hon. Bertrand Russell, of Cambridge, England,
exercised their wits with much nimbleness and to
has recently been awarded the Butler Gold Medal
the augmentation of the mirth of the world. Here
by Columbia University for the best work in
is a specimen of Noah's facetious manner: “I
philosophy during the past five years. Mr. Rus-
had everybody guessing at the supper table. I
sell's latest book, “ Our Knowledge of the Exter-
asked them where Moses is going to be when the
nal World as a Field for Scientific Method in
light goes out. The officers and their wives are
Philosophy," was issued by the Open Court Pub-
trying to guess.” The drawings that enliven this
lishing Co. in July of last year.
logbook are undeniably amusing. All interested in
the personalities and idiosyncrasies of Noah, Shem,
Among other new titles announced for early
Ham, Japheth, and their respective wives, will
publication by the University of Chicago Press are
find the book entertaining.
“A Short History of Belgium,” by Professor Leon
Van der Essen; “Individuality in Organisms,” by
Hawaiian legends have a quality of their own,
Professor Charles Manning Child; “ Public Libra-
even though they show many of the characteristics
ries and Literary Culture in Ancient Rome," by
of folklore in general, and the noting of these
Dr. Clarence E. Boyd; and “ Parts of the Body
points of difference and of resemblance adds to
in Older Germanic and Scandinavian," by Dr.
the enjoyment of reading such a collection as that
Trild W. Arnoldson.
edited and translated by Mr. William Drake Wes-
tervelt under the title, “ Legends of Old Hono-
A series of histories of the belligerents in the
lulu.” Mr. Westervelt is a resident of Honolulu
present war is announced by the Oxford University
and has had experience in the re-telling of Polyne.
Press. The first two volumes will be “ The Evolu-
sian stories for English-speaking readers; there-
tion of Prussia: The Making of an Empire," by
fore it is with more than the average folklore-
Messrs. J. A. R. Marriott and C. Grant Robertson:
student's familiarity with
his subject that he puts Development of the Balkan States and the
Turkish
and “ The Balkans and Turkey: The History and
into literary form the twenty-five or more local
legends which he has gathered from Hawaiian
Empire,” by Messrs. Nevill Forbes, D. Mitrany,
sources. The book is of pleasing design, with
Arnold Toynbee, and others.
tinted leaves, tinted print, and tinted half-tone
Dr. George W. Crile, whose recently published
illustrations and line drawings. It is published
volume entitled “A Mechanistic View of War and
by George H. Ellis Co., Boston.
Peace” is the result of several months spent last
How the popular lecture, “Acres of Diamonds," summer in a hospital back of the firing lines in
came into being, and many significant facts about France, in a recent lecture before the New York
its author, the Rev. Russell H. Conwell, D.D., Academy of Medicine demonstrated the harmful
President of Temple University, Philadelphia, are physiological effects, likely to develop into chronic
readably set forth by Mr. Robert Shackleton in a maladies, produced in the human body by the acids
volume bearing the same title as the lecture and
generated by the intense emotions caused by war,
published by the Harpers. The marks of a force-
both on and off the battlefield.
ful personality are on everything done and every The “ Memoirs of M. Thiers, 1870-1873,” trans-
word spoken by the man introduced to us by his lated by Mr. F. M. Atkinson, which is announced
present biographer, and a further tribute to his for immediate issue in London, will contain a con-
striking qualities is rendered by his neighbor and siderable amount of material not included in the
intimate friend for thirty years, Mr. John Wana- original edition, privately printed in France, begin-
inaker, in a brief "appreciation " prefixed to the ning with Thiers's letters from London in the
lecture itself — for this, too, is included in the autumn of 1870, during his tour of the European
book. Two portraits of Dr. Conwell and other capitals in the hope of winning help among neu-
illustrations are inserted, and a brief autobio- tral nations in the war with Prussia. The memoirs
graphic note, “Fifty Years on the Lecture Plat- close with M. Thiers's Presidency and the days of
form,” closes the book.
the Commune.


1915)
581
THE DIAL
Readers of the Introduction to Professor Gilbert
Murray's verse translation of the “Alcestis” of
Euripides (recently published) will remember his
reference to an illuminating monograph written
by Mr. J. A. K. Thomson. This is now to be pub-
lished by Messrs. George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., of
London, under the title of “ The Greek Tradition:
Essays in the Reconstruction of Ancient Thought."
The volume includes essays on
“Greek Country
Life,” “ The Springs of Poetry,” “Alcestis and Her
Hero," " Greek Simplicity," etc.
Still another magazine devoted entirely to verse
is soon to make its appearance. This latest comer
is called “ Contemporary Verse," and will be pub-
lished at 203 Chestnut Ave., Chestnut Hill, Phila-
delphia. Its first number, to appear in January,
will contain contributions by Messrs. Hermann
Hagedorn, Louis Untermeyer, Don Marquis, Rob-
ert Haven Schauffler, Joyce Kilmer, T. A. Daly,
Leonard Bacon, William Rose Benét, Max East-
man, and several others. The editors of “ Contem-
porary Verse” are Messrs. Howard S. Graham, Jr.,
Devereux C. Josephs, and Samuel McCoy.
A fund of $50,000 for the purpose of maintain-
ing in Throop College of Technology the Holder
Chair of Biology has been established by friends
of the late Charles Frederick Holder, who in this
manner wish “to express their appreciation for
his long labors in the realm of natural history, his
steadfast devotion to sports in their most dignified
and elevating sense, and his efforts to protect the
wild game and fish of California." The knowledge
that this tribute had been paid to him by his
friends was a source of much satisfaction to Dr.
Holder for several weeks before his death (which
occurred on October 10). Had Dr. Holder lived
he would have held the chair during the remainder
of his life as Professor Emeritus.
For a considerable time Messrs. Macmillan have
'had in preparation, and will shortly publish, their
new and final edition of the “ Short History of the
English People," by J. R. Green. The original
edition, which appeared in 1874, in which there
had been inaccuracies of detail, was revised accord-
ing to Mr. Green's special directions. In this
work Mrs. Green had the advantage of Mr. Green's
own corrections, and also in difficult questions the
advice of the leading historians in their several
departments, such as, for example, Professor Gar-
diner, Mr. Lecky, Lord Bryce, Bishop Stubbs,
Bishop Creighton, and others. This final edition,
now about to be published, includes an epilogue
which continues the history to the present day.
Sir Sidney Lee's rewritten and enlarged Life of
Shakespeare will be published this month, - just
seventeen years after the publication of the origi-
nal work. The biography in its new form embod-
ies much fresh information and illustrates from
contemporary evidence the place that Shakespeare
filled in both the literary and social life of his day.
The organization of the theatres with which Shake-
speare was associated is described in the light of
recent research, and much space is devoted to the
experiences of Shakespeare and his colleagues at
the Courts of Queen Elizabeth and King James I.
Sir Sidney has consulted for the first time the wills
of several of Shakespeare's Stratford friends, and
has some new matter on the monument in Strat-
ford Church.
“ The Blinded Soldiers' and Sailors' Gift Book,"
to which we referred at some length in our issue
of Nov. 11, will be published on this side the
water by Messrs. Putnam. The editor is Mr.
George Goodchild, and the work will contain con-
tributions from such prominent English writers as
Messrs. Robert Hichens, John Galsworthy, Ed-
mund Gosse, Eden Phillpotts, H. G. Wells, Austin
Dobson, G. K. Chesterton, Anthony Hope, Gilbert
Parker, and others. The contributions, in both
prose and verse, were written especially for this
book, and a number of artists have contributed the
illustrations. The purpose of the volume, which
is arranged as a gift book, is to add to the funds
for the helping of English soldiers and sailors who
have been blinded in the war.
Our Paris correspondent, Mr. Theodore Stanton,
sends us the following letter which he lately re-
ceived from Dr. W. A. Craigie, one of the editors
of the great Oxford Dictionary:
“The principal change in the Dictionary work caused
by the death Sir James Murray will be the loss of
the sections done by himself and his staff, - an impor-
tant difference, naturally. The other editors and staffs
have worked independently, and so are not directly
affected. In fact the loss will partly be made up by
the assistance to be obtained from Sir James Murray's
staff, which will be all the more valuable as our num-
bers have been somewhat reduced of late by the war
and other causes. It is probable that attention will
first be concentrated on finishing S, but either U or V
will be in progress at the same time.
"As Dr. Bradley is much older than either Mr.
Onions and myself, and has been an editor since 1889,
he will naturally be regarded as the chief representa-
tive of the Dictionary. It is unlikely, however, that
any formal statement on the question will be made.
“Our chief American contributors in recent years
have been Mr. Albert Matthews and Mr. C. W. Ernst,
both of Boston, the former helping with American
words, the latter chiefly with medieval Latin words
and uses. I have also had some useful communica-
tions from Mr. A. Bowski, of New York City, while
Mr. C. 0. S. Mawson, Springfield, Mass., has helped
with Anglo-Indian words. The new 'American Glos-
sary' by Professor R. H. Thornton is also of great
service in tracing the history of special words and
phrases, as he has carried many of these much further
than any previous collector."
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
December, 1915.
Actor, Evolution of the. Arthur Pollock
Drama
Adaptation as a Process. H. B. Torrey
Scientific
American Commerce after the War. T. H. Price World's Work
American Names, Eminent. L. H. Ashe
Scientific
American Union, Romance of. Helen Nicolay Century
Americans - Are They More German than English?
James Middleton
World's Work
America's Duty. Baron d'Estournelles de Constant Atlantic
Aquinas, Thomas. Addison A. Ewing
Sewanee
Army Reform. Eric Fisher Wood
Century
Bahamas, Nassau of the. Richard Le Gallienne Harper
Balkans, Diplomacy in the. F. H. Simonds Rev. of Reve.
Ballad, The Mediæval Popular, H. M. Belden Sewanee
Belgians, Helping the. E. P. Bicknell
Rev. of Revs.
Benaventa : His Life and Writings. Julius Brouta Drama
Bird Life in Georgia. John Burroughs
Harper
Book Trade, Price Maintenance in the. H. R.
Tosdal
Quar. Jour. Econ.


582
Dec. 9
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
( The following list, containing 77 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
HOLIDAY GIFT BOOKS.
Quaint and Historie Forts of North America. By
John Martin Hammond. Illustrated in photo-
gravure, etc., large 8vo, 309 pages. J. B. Lippin-
cott Co. $5. net.
On the Trail of Stevenson. By Clayton Hamilton;
illustrated with drawings by Walter Hale. Large
8vo, 145 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. $3. net.
The Surrey Hills. By F. E. Green; illustrated in
photogravure and with drawings by Elliott Sea-
brooke. 8vo, 252 pages. New York: Frederick
Warne & Co. $2. net.
Hero Tales and Legends of the Rhine. By Lewis
Spence, F.R.A.I. Illustrated in color, etc., large
8vo, 380 pages. F. A. Stokes Co. $3. net.
English Ancestral Homes of Noted Americans. By
Anne Hollingsworth Wharton. Illustrated, 12mo,
314 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $2. net.
Battleground Adventures in the Civil War. By
Clifton Johnson. Illustrated, large 8vo, 422
pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $2. net.
Highways and Byways of New England. By Clif-
ton Johnson; illustrated with photographs by
the author, 8vo, 299 pages. Macmillan Co.
$1.50 net.
The Lighter Side of School Life. By Ian Hay;
illustrated in color by L. Baumer. 12mo, 227
pages. Boston: LeRoy Phillips. $1.50 net.
Medieval Italy during a Thousand Years (305-1313).
By H. B. Cotterrill. Illustrated in photogravure,
etc., 8vo, 566 pages. “Great Nations Series."
F. A. Stokes Co. $2.50 net.
Jimsy: The Christmas Kid. By Leona Dalrymple.
Illustrated in color, etc., 12mo, 64 pages. Robert
M. McBride & Co. 50 cts. net.
Mr. Doctor-Man. By Helen S. Woodruff. With por-
trait, 12mo, 96 pages. George H. Doran Co.
50 cts. net.
19
British Dominions, Loyalty in the. T. H. Boggs Am. Pol. Sc.
Brooke, Rupert. John Drinkwater
Forum
Budget System vs. the Pork Barrel. 'B. J. Hen:
drick
World's Work
Buffalo's Rule by Commission. M. M. Wilner Rev. of Revs.
Bulgarians and Bulgaria. Oliver Bainbridge Rev. of Revs.
California, Labor Revolts in. C. H. Parker Quar. Jour. Econ.
Carmen, Psychology of. Geraldine Farrar
Bookman
Caucus, The Congressional. W. H. Haines Am. Pol. Sc.
Cawein, Madison. Anna B. McGill
Sewanee
Chicago Housing Conditions - X. Natalie
Walker
Am. Jour. Soc.
“ Child, the Only," Training: H. A. Bruce
Century
China's Vital Question. J. W. Jenks
No. Amer.
Citizen, The Mind of the. A. D. Weeks Am. Jour. Soc.
Congress, New Democratic Leader in. B. J. Hen-
drick
World's Work
Constitution, History of the. F. 1. Schechter Am. Pol. Sc.
Conwell, Russell. Robert Shackleton
Harper
Critics, Conventional American. H. S. Harrison Atlantic
Defence, National, Need for. Howard Wheeler Everybody's
Diacritic Critic, The. Charles F. Talman
Atlantic
Drama, The American. Archibald Henderson Sewanee
Drink Reform in Europe. John Koren
Atlantic
Dyestuffs, Drama of the. French Strother World's Work
England, The New. Sydney Brooks
No. Amer.
England's Malady. Cosmo Hamilton
Century
England's Sea Power. A. C. Laut
Rev. of Revs.
Finance, French. Raphaël-Georges Lévy Quar. Jour. Econ.
Foreign Trade, New York Harbor and. w. c.
Brinton
World's Work
France, Northern, With the Armies of. Walter Hale Century
France, Our “ Partial" War with, in 1798. H. N.
Stull
Harper
France, The Defeat of, in 1870. C. D. Hazen
American
Frohman, Charles. John D. Williams
Century
Frost Fighting. Alexander McAdie
Scientific
Galsworthy, John. Louise C. Willcox
No. Amer.
Greek and Bulgar Scenes. George Marvin World's Work
Grey, Sir Edward. Arthur Bullard
Century
“Hamlet as Shakespeare Staged It. "Charlotte Porter Drama
Harvard Glacier, Exploring the. Dora Keen
Harper
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth. E. W. Bowen Sewanee
“Home! Sweet Home!" How Payne Wrote. Thatcher
T. P. Luquer.
Scribner
Homer, Winslow, and American Art.' w. H. Wright Forum
Hopewell, The European War and. Merle Crowell American
Humanitarianism, Modern, Maurice Parmelee Am. Jour. Soc.
Hymnology, Evolution in. C. H. Richards
Forum
Idleness as a Virtue. May Tomlinson
Sewanee
Income and Service. Victor S. Yarros
Am. Jour. Soc.
Industry, Individualistic. T. H. Boggs Am. Jour. Soc.
Infant Mortality. Henry H. Hibbs, Jr. Quar. Jour. Econ.
Irish Mythology. George Townsend
Sewanee
Italy and the War. W. M. Fullerton
World's Work
Judicial Control in France. J. W. Garner
Am, Pol. Sc.
Kentucky, Feuds in. W. A. Bradley
Harper
Legislative Action, Rules for. Ernest Freund Am. Pol. Sc.
Library System, Wisconsin's Parcel-Post. F. L.
Holmes
Rev. of Revs.
McKenna: Britain's Chancellor of the Exchequer.
L. R. Freeman
Rev. of Revs.
Magazine in America, The -- X. · Algernon 'Tassin Bookman
Marriage, Our Incestuous
Forum
Marriage, The Working Woman and Mary Eads Sewanee
Medicine-Man, The Old. Carl Holliday
Scientific
Metric System, Good Points in the. J. V. Collins Scientific
Militarism and Pacificism. Ralph B. Perry
Atlantic
Movies, Actor-Snatching and the. W. P. Eaton American
New York of the Novelists – IV. A. B. Maurice Bookman
Nietzsche and the War. Philip H. Fogel
Sewanee
Novel, The English - III. W. L. Phelps
Bookman
Eningen, A Visit to. T. D. A. Cockerell
Scientific
Plants, Acrid Properties in. W. R. Lazenby Scientific
Prohibition and Politics. L. Ames Brown
No. Amer.
Religion of To-day. Hugh Black
Everybody's
Stage, The. Rabindranath Tagore
Drama
Stars, Evolution of the. William W. Campbell Scientific
Shintoism. Shinjiro Kitasawa
Sewanee
Social Insurance. Robert M. Woodbury Quar. Jour. Econ.
Statistical Method. F. A. Dewey
Am. Jour. Soc.
Sweden's Role in the War. D. T. Curtin World's Work
Tariff, Higher, after the War. David J. Hill
No. Amer.
Trade: Domestic and Foreign. W. F. Wyman World's Work
Valuation, Pecuniary, Progress of. C. H.
Cooley
Quar. Jour. Econ.
War, False Consolations of. William A. Smith Atlantic
War, Scandinavian View of the. George Brandes Atlantic
War, The Garden of Eden and the. L. R. Freeman Atlantic
War and Bad Advertising. Gerald S. Lee
American
Wealth and Democracy, Annie M. MacLean Am. Jour. Soc.
Woman, The Intelligence of. W. L. George
Atlantic
Work, The Day's. Louise Closser Hale
Bookman
Work, The Wonder of. Joseph Pennell
Scribner
Workmen's Compensation in the United States.
Willard C. Fisher
Quar. Jour. Econ.
Yellow Fever Board, The United States Army. Aris-
tides Agramonte
Scientific
Younger Generation, The. Francis G. Peabody Atlantic
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
Russian Fairy Tales. Translated from the Skazki
of Polevoi by R. Nisbet Bain; illustrated in
color, etc., by Noel L. Nisbet. Large 8vo, 283
pages. F. A. Stokes Co. $2.50 net.
Helpers without Hands. By Gladys Davidson. Illus-
trated in color, 4to, 117 pages. F. A. Stokes Co.
$2. net.
Great Authors in Their Youth. By Maude Mor-
rison Frank. Illustrated, 12mo, 324 pages.
Henry Holt & Co. $1.25 net.
Stories Told to Children. By Michael Fairless. Illus-
trated, 8vo, 200 pages. F. A. Stokes Co. $2. net.
Half-Holiday Pastimes for Children. By Gladys
Beattie Crozier. Illustrated, large 8vo, 212 pages.
F. A. Stokes Co. $1.75 net.
A Nursery Book of Science. By J. R. Ainsworth
Davis. Illustrated in color, etc., large 8vo, 118
pages. F. A. Stokes Co. $1.35 net.
Thomas Alva Edison. By Francis Rolt-Wheeler.
Illustrated, 16mo, 201 pages. " True Stories of
Great Americans." Macmillan Co. 50 cts. net.
.
.
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Reminiscences. By Lyman Abbott. Illustrated in
photogravure, etc., 8vo, 509 pages. Houghton
Mifflin Co. $3.50 net.
Forty Years in Constantinople: The Recollections
of Sir Edwin Pears (1873-1915). Illustrated, large
8vo, 390 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $5. net.
Life, Diary, and Letters of Oscar Lovell Shafter.
Edited
for
Emma Shafter-Howard by Flora
Haines Loughead. Illustrated, large 8vo, 323
pages. San Francisco: John J. Newbegin. $5.net.
HISTORY.
The Second Partition of Poland: A Study in Diplo-
matic History. By Rupert Howard Lord, Ph.D.
8vo, 586 pages. Harvard University Press.
$2.25 net.
A History of Babylon: From the Foundation of the
Monarchy to the Persian Conquest. By Leonard
W. King, Litt.D. Volume II. Illustrated, large
8vo, 340 pages.
F. A. Stokes Co. $4.80 net.
The Boxer Rebellion: A Political and Diplomatic
Review. By Paul H. Clements, Ph.D. 8vo, 243
pages. Columbia University Press. Paper, $2, net.
.


1915)
583
THE DIAL
PUBLIC AFFAIRS - POLITICS, SOCIOLOGY, AND
ECONOMICS.
The Stakes of Diplomacy. By Walter Lippmann.
12mo, 235 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.25 net.
Electoral Reform in England and Wales. By
Charles Seymour, Ph.D. 8vo, 564 pages. Yale
University Press. $2.50 net.
Views on Some Social Subjects. By Sir Dyce Duck-
worth, LL.D. 8vo, 320 pages. Macmillan Co.
Russian Sociology: A Contribution to the History
of Sociological Thought and Theory. By Julius
F. Hecker, Ph.D. Columbia University Press.
Paper, $2.50 net.
Law and Its Administration. By Harlan F. Stone,
LL.D. 12mo, 232 pages. Columbia University
Press. $1.50 net.
The Military Obligation of Citizenship. By Leonard
Wood. Illustrated, 12mo, 76 pages. Princeton
University Press. 75 cts. net.
Introducing the American Spirit. By Edward A.
Steiner. With portrait, 12mo, 274 pages. Flem-
ing H. Revell Co. $1. net.
Ethics in Service. By William Howard Taft, LL.D.
8vo, 101 pages. Yale University Press. $1. net.
The American Books. New volumes: Cost of Liv-
ing, by Fabian Franklin; The Federal Reserve,
by Henry Parker Willis. Each 12mo. Double-
day, Page & Co. Per volume, $1. net.
Is War Diminishing? By Frederick Adams Woods,
M.D., and Alexander Baltzley. 12mo, 105 pages.
Houghton Mifflin Co. $1. net.
The Constitutional Doctrines of Justice Harlan. By
Floyd Barzilia Clark, Ph.D. 8vo, 208 pages. Balti-
more: Johns Hopkins Press. Paper, $1. net.
The War of Steel and Gold: A Study of the Armed
Peace. By Henry Noel Brailsford. New edition;
12mo, 340 pages. Macmillan Co. 80 cts. net.
BOOKS ABOUT THE GREAT WAR.
Kings, Queens, and Pawns: An American Woman
at the Front. By Mary Roberts Rinehart. With
frontispiece, 12mo, 368 pages. George H. Doran
Co. $1.50 net.
The Undying Story. By W. Douglas Newton. 12mo,
383 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.35 net.
Women at the Hague: The International Congress
of Women and Its Results. By Jane Addams,
Emily G. Balch, and Alice Hamilton. 12mo, 171
pages. Macmillan Co. 75 cts. net.
Under the Red Cross Flag at Home and Abroad. By
Mabel T. Boardman; with foreword by Wood-
row Wilson. Second edition; illustrated, 12mo,
333 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50 net.
The Neutrality of the United States in_Relation to
the British and German Empires. By J. Shield
Nicholson, LL.D. 12mo, 92 pages. Macmillan
Paper, 20 cts. net.
MISCELLANEOUS.
A Defence of Aristocracy: A Text Book for Tories.
By Anthony M. Ludovici. 8vo, 459 pages. Bos-
ton: LeRoy Phillips. $3. net.
The Construction of the Panama Canal. By William
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339 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $2. net.
Costumes and Scenery for Amateurs: A Practical
Working Handbook.
By
Constance D'Arcy
Mackay. Illustrated, 12mo, 258 pages. Henry
Co.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
The Moral Obligation to Be Intelligent, and Other
Essays. By John Erskine, Ph.D. 12mo, 166
pages. Duffield & Co. $1. net.
Discoveries and Inventions: A Lecture by Abraham
Lincoln Delivered in 1860. With portrait, 12mo.
San Francisco: John Howell.
Socrates: Master of Life. By William Ellery Leon-
ard. With frontispiece, 12mo, 118 pages. Open
Court Publishing Co. $1. net.
The New World. By Hugh Black. 12mo, 240 pages.
Fleming H. Revell Co. $1. net.
Fireside Papers. By Frederic Rowland Marvin.
8vo, 357 pages. Sherman, French & Co. $1.50 net.
Notes sur le Voyage de Chateaubriand en Amérique
(Julliet-Décembre, 1791). Par Gilbert Chinard.
8vo. University of California Press. 80 cts. net.
VERSE AND DRAMA.
Sappho in Levkas, and Other Poems. By William
Alexander Percy. 12mo, 78 pages. Yale Uni-
versity Press. $1. net.
Script of the Sun: Verses. By Mabel Parker Hud-
dleston. 12mo, 82 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1. net.
Hesiod, the Homeric Hymns, and Homerica. With
an English translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-
White, M.A. With frontispiece, 16mo, 627 pages.
“Loeb Classical Library." Macmillan Co.
$1.50 net.
Oxford Garlands. Selected by R. M. Leonard. New
volumes: Elegies and Epitaphs; Modern Lays
and Ballads; Poems on Animals, Each 16mo.
Oxford University Press.
Twenty-Five Sonnets. By Charles E. Whitmore.
12mo, 29 pages. Cambridge: Privately Printed.
Paper.
The Drama League Series of Plays. New volumes:
The Trail of the Torch, by Paul Hervieu, trans-
lated by John A. Haughton, with introduction
by Brander Matthews; A Woman's Way, by
Thompson Buchanan, with introduction by Wal-
ter Prichard Eaton. Each 12mo. Doubleday,
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FICTION.
David Penstephen. By Richard Pryce. 12mo, 364
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“ Burkeses Amy." By Julie M. Lippmann. Illus-
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Bird's Fountain. By Bettina Von Hutten. 12mo,
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The Double Road. By Michael Wood. 12mo, 172
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Onesimus the Slave: A Romance of the Days of
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White Tiger. By Henry Milner Rideout. With
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Wee Macgreegor Enlists. By J. J. Bell. With
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The Way of Martha and the Way of Mary. By
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Isles of Spice and Palm. By A. Hyatt Verrill. Il-
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584
Dec. 9
THE DIAL
RAH
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588
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THE STAKES OF DIPLOMACY
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590
(Dec. 23, 1915
THE DIAL
THE NEW AMERICAN POETS
OF OUR DAY
Without a knowledge of the work of these new poets no real
estimate can be made of America's contribution to contempo-
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and interpret the inner spirit of our national life. Young, vig-
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LINCOLN COLCORD
THOMAS WALSH
His first book, recently published, has won for No lover and student of contemporary Amer-
him a secure place among the truly representative ican poetry can neglect the very important work
American poets of today. In the same noble and
of Thomas Walsh. His poems are the expression
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of a true artist, one who understands the power
of simplicity and the subtle values of words.
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The Pilgrim Kings
Vision of War
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THE DIAL
A Fortnightly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAGE
Vol. LIX. DECEMBER 23, 1915 No. 708
ON THE EATING OF FERNSEED.
Probably most of us have speculated on the
CONTENTS.
advantages of being invisible. Mr. Wells has
written a novel around the idea (around what
ON THE EATING OF FERNSEED. Charles
Leonard Moore
591 odd idea has he not written a novel ?), in
which the blessedness of the state is not very
LITERARY AFFAIRS IN PARIS. (Special
apparent. To people of literary or artistic
Paris Correspondence.) Theodore Stanton 593
turn, however, a twilight condition of life
The Holiday Book Season.— Literature's
Losses in the Great War.- Periodicals in the
seems almost a necessity. The butterfly's
Trenches.- M. Paul Fort, the “Prince of
emblazoning dust brushes off against the hard
Poets."
hand of reality. Authors and artists have
almost always preluded on some Magic Flute,
CASUAL COMMENT ,
596
even if afterwards they took up the ear-shat-
One of war's ugliest by-products.— The fate
of “Notes and Queries.”— Perplexing prob-
tering trumpet that calls to strife. And their
lems for the cataloguer.— The Shakespeare
days of obscurity were probably their hap-
tercentenary.- The history of a Lincoln piest, though they did not know it at the
manuscript.- Romance outdone by reality.- time. A king who goes about incognito is
Staircase wit.— A “National Book Fort-
perhaps more pleased with himself than when
night.”— Carnegie Institution publications.
The Austrian Index Librorum Prohibi-
he is glittering in his court; and he is cer.
torum.-" Old Nassau.”— Bibles and bombs. tainly a more potent figure to the imagina-
A new suggestion in library-building.
tion.
It is not necessary to go back “where
COMMUNICATIONS
601
Homer and where Orpheus are" to find great
Shakespeare and the New Psychology. S. A.
Tannenbaum.
writers who passed their whole lives or a
A Strange Visitor in “ The City of Dreadful great part of their days in eclipse. What is
Night.” Benj. M. Woodbridge.
now known about Virgil ? A few scraps of
Books in Japan. Ernest W. Clement.
biography we have, and one or two incidents
An Interesting Prophecy. Alfred M. Brooks.
touched with human interest, — the reading of
EXEGI MONUMENTUM: RUPERT BROOKE.
the passage about Marcellus to Augustus and
Charles H. A. Wager
605 the wish he expressed to have his epic burned,
but otherwise the man is unilluminated.
THE FEDERATION OF THE WORLD. T. D. He moves majestic and mysterious, remote
A. Cockerell
609
from the world in which he lived. Horace,
MAGIC CHARMS AND JEWELS, Helen A.
that merry gossip, about whom we know
Clarke
610 everything, was his friend. There is no as-
sumption of superiority or unlikeness to his
HISTORY AS IT IS POPULARIZED. Isaac
fellows in Virgil; he was simply an eater of
Joslin Cox.
612
fernseed, and could not become visible to
THE STORIED BUILDINGS OF VIRGINIA. them. Perhaps that is why the Middle Ages
Fiske Kimball
614 accounted him a magician, and why Dante
chose him as a guide to the other worlds.
RECENT FICTION. Edward E. Hale
615
But we have a nearer and greater instance
HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS — III. .
618
of the eclipse of personality in Shakespeare.
Biography and Reminiscences. --- Travel and The odiously incredulous have denied that
Description.- Art and Music.-- Miscella- there was any such personality, or have
sought to transfer it to another. On the
other hand, critics have tried to piece out
NOTES
624
Shakespeare's character from the plays. It
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
625 is probable that all creative artists do use
-
neous.
.


592
(Dec. 23
THE DIAL
themselves as a model. Like Rembrandt, they Keats's apprenticeship to obscurity lasted
keep a wardrobe of costumes and accesso- until death gave him his freedom papers.
ries,- helmets, swords, robes, and what not. And toward the close of his life this obscurity
When they wish to paint a certain sort of was darkened by a perfect cloud of arrows
person, they don his habiliments and think
directed against him, — arrows of disease, of
themselves into his skin. But such vicarious unfortunate love, of critical imbecility. Yet
enacting does not deeply dye their own be- from it all he emerges the very image of youth
ings. From the largeness of thought, vivid- and genius. Hardly any literary figure sym-
ness of emotion, and generosity of feeling bolizes these things as he does. His was the
throughout Shakespeare's works, one may ecstacy of the fernseed life. He could live
believe that he was a noble gentleman. Be- undisturbed with the visions of his own mind,
yond this it would hardly be safe to go. But, - fairies, nymphs, goddesses; he could con-
it may be said, have we not the record of an sort with gay and irresponsible companions;
episode of his life in the Sonnets? Perhaps! he could be confident of the future and care-
Personally, I should as soon think of going to less of the day. His jaunts and junketings,
market with the pieces of silver which the his middle-class life in suburban parlors,
moon shining through a poplar tree coins struck Matthew Arnold as undignified. Hor-
upon the path at my feet, as to take literally ace's poet who could go singing through a
and prosaically the words that any lyric poet wood filled with robbers was probably undig.
utters in the whirl of his emotion and imagi- nified in comparison with a Roman Senator
nation. He is like a Dancing Dervish who travelling with the impedimenta of place and
loses his own consciousness in the eternal. riches,— but he is more attractive.
Doubtless he gets his start from some par- Keats's mantle, slipping off, fell at once
ticular experience, but it is his business to
upon Tennyson; and for many years, twenty
forget himself and reveal the universal. But,
at least, the latter lived much the same sort
at any rate, Shakespeare's individuality is
of life as his predecessor. His education was
obscure; yet he, too, like Virgil, lived in a
better, and his family and friends were, ac-
gossiping and malicious age.
cording to English ideas, of a higher class
There is nothing uncertain about Milton. than those of Keats. But Tennyson was
With Æschylus, Dante, Goethe, and Byron, apparently quite poor, often in real straits.
he is one of the leaders of that other army Charles Eliot Norton reports on Carlyle's
of genius, whose personalities dazzle the world authority that FitzGerald allowed him three
and dominate their times. But unlike most
hundred pounds a year for many years. But
of these, he did not leap to the forefront
there is certainly no trace of such incredible
of the struggle at once. For a good many riches during his Wanderjahre. However, the
years, in Italy or in Buckinghamshire, im-
record of this has never been fully drawn out.
mersed in study and the strenuous idleness of Apparently he wandered over the most of
dreams, he passed through a quiet paradise England, living in lodgings or in country inns
before emerging into his inferno. Doubtless or in friends' houses; settling now and then
the energy in him even then struggled with his mother and sisters in retired places.
against the obscurity that smothered up his His removed and solitary ways, his "grumpi-
godship from surmise. Doubtless to his classic ness," his carelessness about dress, his absent-
thought he was Apollo among the servants of mindedness about other affairs of life, are all
King Admetus. But he was happy; at least, up to the best traditions of the fernseed
the poems of that period, - the “ Comus," the world. Once the fate of "In Memoriam "
portraits of the bright and pensive Muses, the hung upon Coventry Patmore's rescue of the
odes,—though grave, are happy. It may be manuscript from a lodging-house where Ten-
questioned if he ever knew happiness again. nyson had left it. It was a rich twilight
Of course the heroic struggler, scarred and region of romance that the poet inhabited,
defaced by intellectual battle, is the greater where Marianas could really look from moated
figure; of course the heroic epics and drama granges and Millers' Daughters rise out of the
of his later life are the greater poetry; but misty atmosphere of their homes.
. When
nevertheless, we do not like him or them half Tennyson comes out into the common light of
as well.
day, when he grows famous and rich, when


1915)
593
THE DIAL
princes and statesmen and bishops are his explicate himself to mankind. But at most
friends, the charm departs from his life, as he only shows clear by flashes, like those
it did to a large extent from his poetry. Yet twin stars, dark and bright, which revolve
to the last he remained the soldier of art, | about one another.
encamped amid his army of dreams, apart Keats suggests in one of his letters that
from the world. Could he have had his own genius ought not to have any personality at
way, we should know as little about his life all, — that it ought to be merely a medium
or personality as we do about Shakespeare's. through which the world exhibits itself. But
But I think the most signal instance of the the dazzling ones, the men of action and art
fernseed life of which we have record is that together, the Angelos, Rubenses, Goethes, and
of the Brontë girls in their Yorkshire par- Byrons, are geniuses too,--so that law will
sonage. A pillar of cloud hung over their hardly hold. Probably, though, the balance
home; they were almost as much isolated as of great work is with the fernseed eaters -
if shipwrecked on a desert island. But what the creators who exist only in their art.
spiritual joys, what quiet exultations, must Perhaps in the future genius may push the
have been experienced in that household! invisibility idea farther than it has done in
The whole genesis of creative art is in those the past. It may disguise itself by being like
imaginative “ plays” which they worked out everybody else. It may be a burgess, may
together or each one secretly by herself. One
vote and be voted for. Meanwhile, in secrecy,
of the sisters got out a little into the world, in uncriticized seclusion, it may work out the
met with disappointment and sorrow which documents of its fate, the title-deeds of its
she bravely overlived and made into art. The fame. These it may hide as though they were
greatest of them remained alone and aloof, offences against mankind, until it dies, when
kept tryst only with the phantoms of her it may leave them to be given posthumously
mind. She is the priestess of imagination - to the world. Thus the artist will have all the
a Sibyl transported from Dodona to her fun of creation, and will not be hampered and
Yorkshire moors. Remarkable or great as the hounded by the stupidity, hatred, and malice
work of these two is, it is less regarded by the of his fellows. It is a fair ideal; and, if it
world than the record of their lives. And had been put into execution in the past, would
rightly, for this latter brings out in the most have saved very many of the greatest of
intense and extreme degree the truth of human beings the larger part of their pain
Goethe's saying that “talent is nurtured best and suffering.
CHARLES LEONARD MOORE.
in solitude."
There are some men of genius who, do what
they will, can never make themselves explica- LITERARY AFFAIRS IN PARIS.
ble or plain to the world. They are born THE HOLIDAY BOOK SEASON. LITERATURE'S Loss-
invisibilities who may knock and flutter at the ES IN THE GREAT WAR.- PERIODICALS IN THE
windows of our souls without gaining admit-
TRENCHES.- M. PAUL FORT, THE
PRINCE OF
POETS."
tance. De Quincey, for example, lived among
(Special Correspondence of The DIAL.)
a set of men who were continually, writing
about themselves or each other. He was per-
The holiday season for the publishing and
haps the greatest gossip of the group.
bookselling world of Paris will be very dif-
He
made "copy" about everything that hap- what is ordinarily the case.
ferent this year, as it was also last year, from
As a rule, fine
pened to him or everyone he came in contact new gift-books are issued by many of the
with. His opium-eating confessions made him leading houses, and old but favorite authors
for a time the most stared-at person in En- are given the place of honor in show-windows.
gland. Yet with all this, there is an inviolable The principal dailies and reviews contain not
secrecy about him. We never seem to get at only conspicuous book advertisements but also
the real man. Perhaps he was a changeling -
columns and sometimes whole broadsides of
critical and descriptive notices, in disguised
some elf-child may have been imposed into the
form, really written by some member of the
human baby's cradle. Hawthorne is another
firm and paid for at so much the line. In
of the mysterious ones. He, too, by means of
the holiday season of 1914-15 there was a
diaries, note-books, records of travel, novels great falling off in all these things. Some of
written around incidents in his life sought to the smaller houses - publishers, booksellers,
66


594
| Dec. 23
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(6
and printers - actually closed their doors, will be the cruel destruction which this war
and not a few of these are still shut. But the has occasioned among the young writers in
situation this year is not quite so bad as it every field of authorship, cut down often on
was last year, though it is far from being the very threshold of their promise. This
no nal. se facts are well brought out by fact was brought home in a most touching
the special catalogue devoted to gift-books way on All Saints'-Day, at the beginning of
which the Paris Publishers' Club issues each this month, by the action of writers who form
winter at about this time. That for 1913-14 the society known as the Souvenir Littéraire,
the holiday season before the war — contained whose aim, the constitution reads, is “to ren-
356 pages; 4600 copies were printed; 1500 der homage to the memory of men of letters
francs' worth of copies were sold; over and especially to those who have been un-
13,000 francs' worth of advertisements were justly neglected.” Artistic Paris always lends
inserted; seventy-three publishing houses itself wonderfully to the artistic French tem-
were represented, and thirty-three periodicals perament,-if the word "art" may be used
"
printed therein their paid prospectuses. In in connection with the subject which I am
1914-15 — that is, four months after the now treating; and never was this more so
breaking out of the war the number of than on this occasion. M. Olivier de Gour-
pages of the catalogue had fallen to 119, only cuff, the talented founder of this admirable
twenty-nine publishers participated, and but organization, was most happily inspired when
three periodicals felt able to advertise their he chose as the spot where the gray-haired
existence. As I write this letter, the edition living authors of Paris should honor their
for this year is still in press; so I have not youthful confrères fallen in the defence of
been able to continue this interesting com- this same Paris, the head of the grand central
parison. But the secretary of the club in- alley of Père Lachaise cemetery, where, with
forms me that it will contain some forty Bartholomé's powerful funeral allegories —
pages more than last year, which, however, the “Monument aux Morts” — forming the
will leave it nearly two hundred pages short immediate background, a solemn, patriotic
of what it was before the war. Of course this tribute was paid to the more than one hun-
falling off is due in a measure to the fact that dred and fifty rising writers now lost forever
the public is spending its money now almost to literature. How fitting indeed was the
wholly on the necessities of life, and is not frame for such a ceremony! As one walked
indulging in the buying of books. It is also up this avenue to the rendezvous, one re-
to be partly accounted for by the effects of marked on either hand brilliant reminders of
mobilization and the wounding and killing of the intellectual grandeur of France, for there
so many of the younger generation. I have are the tombs of Visconti the architect, Sainte-
been struck by the number of printers seen in Beuve and Francisque Sarcey the critics, Cou-
the hospitals. The head of the Hachette pub-ture and Paul Baudry the painters, Victor
lishing house said to me a month ago: One Cousin and Barthélemy Saint-Hilaire the
of the things that seems to characterize the philosophers, Arago the astronomer, Ledru-
present struggle is the terrible mortality on Rollin the orator, Arsène Houssaye the typi-
the battle field. So far we have had fifty- cal littérateur, and his son Henri Houssaye
four killed among our employés. In the war the historian, and last but of course not least,
of 1870 we did not lose one. A friend of mine Alfred de Musset, the leaves of whose weep-
also in the publishing business has nine em- ing-willow were still green, I noted, notwith-
ployés in the army. Five have been killed standing the sharp night air and the day
and four wounded. You see me back in har- mists of autumn. The spirit which pervaded
ness again, though I retired several years the spot was so well expressed the next day
A sign, however, of returning pros- by the poet Robert Lestrange, one of the
perity is seen in the renewed activity among actors in the scene - his wife delivered in his
the bouquinistes along the parapet of the name with marked talent a poem written for
Quai Voltaire. At the moment of the battle
the occasion that I cannot give a better
of the Marne all their little boxes had the description than by quoting here what he
lids down and the contents removed to safer
said to me:
quarters. But the other afternoon when I
“ It is certain that this hecatomb will cause a
passed that way, I noticed that almost all of
terrible gap in the heart of our young literature,
them are now open again, and the same old
for many a youthful and brilliant hope is thus
habitués once more loitering over possible blasted in its very flower. But we mourn them
“ finds."
with a grief in which a certain feeling of pride is
But a more permanent cause of the crip- iningled, for they have written with their blood a
pling of the publishing activities of France most beautiful page of glory and they have shown
ago."


1915)
595
THE DIAL
themselves pure heroes. Yet it must not be con-
cluded that French letters are in consequence
irremediably impaired. For my own part, I be-
lieve that after the war will rise up among those
who are left a pleiad of writers strongly tempered
in the virile school of adversity, those who, whether
young or old, will have lived through these never-
to-be-forgotten hours and who will surely be pre-
pared to produce the finest works which can be
conceived and executed. Iliads have inspired
Homers, and Æschylus was a soldier at Marathon.
This is the ransom of the fearful holocaust which
the young literature of France must sacrifice to the
ferocious German Moloch.”
And here are the names of some of these vic-
If any of your readers wish to aid, they may
send their contributions through me or direct
to M. Divoire, 16 rue Bertin-Poirée, Paris.
That there is a strong literary element in
the French trenches is shown in still another
way, and one that is not tragic but is even
touched with a note of Gallic gaiety. A few
months ago it was estimated that over sixty
newspapers ” were issued by soldiers at the
front. In fact, an energetic publisher, whose
name - M. Berger-Levrault - I have already
had occasion to mention in connection with
this war literature, has just issued a curious
volume, “ Tous les Journaux du Front,”
tims which
i select almost at hazard in the 13 trs.), in which
he gives facsimile extracts
long sad list, led in my selection more by the from twenty of these papers, which are some-
family name than by the fame or the number times printed back of the firing-line but are
of the dead author's writings. Here I meet often hand-made in the very trenches them-
again with Ernest Psichari, whom I first met, selves. The publisher announces that other
not so many years ago, as a bright young boy volumes will follow. This one is interesting
of scarcely eighteen,—the grandson of Renan; in many ways, and is a worthy example of
Pierre Leroy-Beaulieu, whose father and
whose father and native French wit, which if sometimes broad
uncle, now dead, were both members of the is always pointed. The names of two or three
Institute; Guy de Cassagnac, son of the once of these sheets will suffice to illustrate this
famous Bonapartist deputy; Claude Casimir- fact. “Rigolboche," "Le Tourne-Boche,” “La
Périer, son of the former President of France; Voix du 75,” and “L'Echo des Marmites,"
Jacques Rambaud, son of the historian of are not too bad. Nor should we overlook the
Russia; Jean Maspéro, related to the great more serious tone which pervades the mind of
Egyptologist, Georges Latapie, son of the di- all these military journalists, and which is
rector of “La Liberté,” and Robert d'Hu- well exemplified by this extract from a letter
mières, descended from the marshal of that which I have just received from Lieutenant
name, one of the favorites of Louis XIV.
Stéphane Lauzanne, editor-in-chief of the
Most of these names appear in the little Paris “Matin” and nephew of de Blowitz-
four-page “Bulletin des Ecrivains” which perhaps I may also add, whose wife is an
M. Fernand Divoire, of the “Intransigeant” | American — which he writes in English from
editorial staff, has been editing for the past the front: “We are quite prepared to pass
year. The aim of this diminutive monthly is the winter and the spring, and another winter
excellent. A copy is sent gratis to all writers and other springs if necessary 'pour avoir les
at the front; it keeps standing at the head Boches. In fact, we have never been as de-
of its first page a list of all those who are termined as we are now. There is no doubt
killed in battle or who die of wounds or sick about the issue. We will gain at last, and
ness, it gives prominence to any military civilization will gain with us.”
honors which they may have received, it pro- Another literary enterprise which should
vides a list of authors in the enemies' prisons, recommend itself to our men of letters is M.
and is useful in many other ways to the man Paul Fort's “Poèmes de France," a neat little
of letters on the firing-line. In the latest four-page sheet issued twice a month and sent
number sent me by M. Divoire I read this gratis to the intellectuals at the front and in
notice: "As printed matter is no longer the hospitals. Each number is made up of a
allowed to circulate postage free to the front, series of patriotic poems written in the best
and as there is a constant demand for copies style of the "Prince of Poets,” and which
of our periodical, our expenses have consider. Guitry and Suzanne Desprès have been recit-
ably increased. We are now disposed, there ing everywhere in France, the latter carrying
fore, to accept financial aid from writers in
the good word even into distant Finland. But
civil life, several of whom have already helped perhaps I should open a parenthesis here and
But we repeat once more that we will say a few words about M. Paul Fort and his
not accept money from writers in the army." rather peculiar literary title.
Would it not be a handsome thing if some of Those of your readers who would know
our American literary men and authors' clubs more thoroughly the work of this original and
were to contribute to this admirable work, brilliant poet should consult the article by
whose issues, I should add, are not on sale? | Mr. Edmund Gosse in “The Edinburgh Re-
us.


596
(Dec. 23
THE DIAL
-
view” for last July, on “War Poetry in this encircling an olive-colored face with pierc-
France,” wherein the writer devotes special ing black eyes, the whole recalling one of those
attention to these “ Poèmes de France," which heads seen in Florence in the Renaissance.
he places first among the verse in this coun- As he comes forward rapidly to greet you at
try called forth by the present conflict. But his favorite rendezvous, La Closerie des Lilas
a more complete article, which is wholly given - what a poetic name for a café! — in the
up to M. Fort's poetry, if we except these Boulevard du Montparnasse — and what a
“Poèmes de France," came out in the Janu- fitting locality!- more than one stranger
ary number of “The Nineteenth Century and there looks up and follows with his eye for
After," - "Paul Fort, the Prince of Poets,'” some time this uncommon figure. I would
by James Elroy Flecker.
like to repeat here some of his expositions of
And this brings me to the explanation of his technique and explanations of his peculiar
a title which seems somewhat incongruous in forms and ways of composition, but I have
the republic of letters in republican France. space left only to announce that these really
Some years ago “La Plume and the “Echo notable “Poèmes de France” are soon to be
de Paris" took the initiative in inviting the given a less fugitive dress, for on December
writers of France to designate their favorite 15 they are to appear in book form (Paris,
poet. Some acted on the suggestion, and the Payot, 3 frs. 50), under the auspices of M.
poet thus specified was called the “Prince of Anatole France. In fact the distinguished
Poets.” He held office for life. The first academician has given me permission to offer
incumbent was Paul Verlaine, who was fol- | you his prefatory word before it has been
lowed by Stéphane Mallarmé, who in turn printed here in the original French. It will
was succeeded by Léon Dierx, who died in suffice as an appreciation, from a peculiarly
1912. The last named I knew. He had the competent pen, of Paul Fort as a poet.
head of Leconte de Lisle as represented in the "I have not waited, my dear fellow-author, the
bust in the Luxembourg garden. He led a advice of friends to read your 'Poèmes de France.'
most austere life, his food being almost exclu- From the first number to the sixth, I am ac-
sively milk in the closing years of his ex- quainted with these lyric war bulletins which
istence. His plain little flat in the region of should be engraved on tablets of bronze. I have
Montmartre seemed chill even in summer, and admired their force and beauty and their elo-
he himself was exceedingly reserved. But
quence, now familiar, now sublime, rough some-
times but always true and profound. You are a
perhaps the oddest thing in Léon Dierx's
career was that, as “Prince of Poets," he poet, you are a natural one. With you an idea is
a spontaneous creation. It is born with its form
should have been sandwiched in between two
like the works of nature. Your poems will live for
such eccentrics as Verlaine and Mallarmé on the eternal opprobrium of Germany and the glory
the one hand and, on the other, by Paul Fort, of France."
who enjoys breaking over all the conventional I may add that the set of these sheets may be
rules governing poetry approved by this earn- obtained from M. Fort at 125 Boulevard
est advocate of classic forms. But the election Saint-Germain, 6 francs for the twenty-four
which designated Paul Fort had a broader numbers covering the first year, December 1,
basis perhaps than any of its predecessors. 1914,— November 15, 1915. The second year
Some two thousand or more writers from all begins with the number for December 1, and
parts of France took part in the choice, which the issues will continue every fortnight.
was conducted by such Paris papers as “Gil
THEODORE STANTON.
Blas," “Comoedia,” “l’Intransigeant," and the
Paris, Nov. 25, 1915.
“Paris-Journal,” each one of which was rep-
resented in the office of the first-named jour-
nal when the votes were counted. So while
I do not at all over-estimate the importance
CASUAL COMMENT.
of the office," M. Fort says very modestly, “I ONE OF WAR'S UGLIEST BY-PRODUCTS, as has
do feel that the electorate which designated often been noted, is the submersion of reason
me was fairly representative.”
and intellect in the flood-tide of popular pas-
I would like to try and depict the person- sions. Mr. Galsworthy employed this theme to
ality and the intellectual methods and quali- fine dramatic purpose in his tragedy entitled
ties of Paul Fort, with his thick jet black hair "The Mob,” based on English feeling during
cut square at the ends, capped with a heavy the South African war. But in no conflict of
dark felt hat with broad brim and framed the past has this sinister phenomenon ever
below with a sombre neckhandkerchief which attained the force and ascendancy that it has
hides the shirt front and leaves visible only reached to-day in every belligerent country.
a thin rim of the white of the collar, and all | The military rowdies who lately broke up a
،، وو
66


1915)
597
THE DIAL
9
meeting of the Union for Democratic Control share the bread of life with my younger and less
in London merely typify the present spirit of fortunate brethren. When war came I did not
Europe as manifested toward every individual believe it my duty to renounce them because the
who refuses to surrender his intellectual birth- hour for putting them in practice had arrived. I
right and join the general hue and cry. Mr.
have been treated outrageously. I knew that I
Bernard Shaw has remarked of his war writ-
should be; but I did not know that I should be
treated so without even being listened to.
ings that “the British merely spit and gibe at
“I place before the eyes of every one the utter-
me when they read the first sentence and find ances which have been attacked. I do not defend
that it does not flatter the intolerable self- them. Let them be their own defense.
righteousness which has been our bane from “I will add only one word. Within the last
the first day of this war.” The same attitude year I have found myself very rich in enemies.
is apparent in the German treatment of Dr.
I have this to say to them: they may hate me;
Liebknecht, and the French treatment of M.
they will not succeed in making me hate them.
Rolland. The latter, driven to Switzerland by
My business is not with them. My task is to speak
the words which I see to be just and humane.
the insults and abuse of his fellow-country-
Whether that pleases or irritates is no concern of
men, recently collected into a volume entitled
mine. I know that the words once spoken will
“Au-dessus de la Mêlée " the papers published make their own way. I Sow them in a soil
during the past year and a half in which he drenched with blood. I have full confidence in the
has nobly but vainly pleaded for the highest harvest."
ideals of humanity. To this volume M. Rol-
land has prefixed an Introduction which can-
THE FATE OF “NOTES AND QUERIES” still
not be too widely quoted, and which will be its hangs in the balance. Suffering like many other
own excuse for the space we give it here.
periodicals from the withering blight now
(For the translation, we are indebted to the afflicting all the world, and Europe especially,
New York “ Times.”)
this variously useful and curiously enter-
“A great people assailed by war has not only taining publication has found itself strait-
its frontiers to defend; it has its reason and con-
ened so seriously as to render its continued
science. It is imperative to save them from the existence a matter of doubt, though the latest
hallucinations and the unjust and foolish notions tidings from its editor give hope of continu-
that the plague of war lets loose. To each his ance, but perhaps under other and it may be
office! Let the armies protect the soil of the less favorable auspices. That is, it may be
country; let thinking men watch over her thoughts.
forced to migrate from its familiar haunts at
If these last place themselves at the service of the
the Athenæum Press to new and less con-
passions of their people, possibly they may be
useful instruments; but they risk betraying the
genial surroundings. Of course it desires to
remain where it is. “Whether this shall
soul, which is not the smallest part of the national
patrimony. Some day history will cast up the
prove possible," writes its editor to the Lon-
account of each of the nations in this war; she
don “Times," " depends upon the amount of
will weigh the sum of their mistakes, illusions, practical financial aid which can be brought
malignant folly. Let us do our utmost to insure together for the purpose. We can but com-
that when we come before her our score may be mend the case to the literary men and general
small.
readers to whose service- as its title sets
“We teach a child the Gospel of Jesus and the forth — Notes and Queries' was originally
Christian ideal. All the instruction he receives at
dedicated.” From the same authoritative
school tends to stimulate in him the intellectual
conception of the great human family. Classical
source we learn that the periodical was started
education makes him observe, together with the
on the third day of November, 1849, by
differences of races, the conimon roots and trunk
William John Thoms, who a few months be-
of our civilization. Art causes him to love the
fore had written to “ The Athenæum” a letter
deep sources of the genius of the nations. Science asking the editor to open his columns for
imposes upon him faith in the unity of the intel- the collecting of miscellaneous items of the
lectual life. The great social movement which is sort now known as “folklore," a word in-
making the world over shows him around himself
vented by Mr. Thoms and there used for the
the organized effort of the working classes to unite first time. It was largely the cordial response
in the hopes and in the struggles which are break-
to this suggestion that decided its author to
ing national barriers down. The most luminous
launch his now famous publication upon the
geniuses of the world sing, as Walt Whitman and
Tolstoy do, universal fraternity in joy or sorrow,
stormy sea that makes shipwreck of so many
or, like our Latin intellects, riddle with their criti- similar ventures. But this craft rode the
cism the prejudices of hate and ignorance which waves triumphantly from the first; it engaged
separate individuals and nations.
at once the interest and aid of some of the
“Like all the men of my time, I have been nour- foremost scholars of the time, and for sixty-
ished on these ideals; I have tried in my turn to six years its good fortune has not deserted it.
(
-


598
(Dec. 23
THE DIAL
Its plan and scope made it appeal to both welcome.” It would be of some interest and
the serious-minded and the frivolous, to the perhaps also of some practical value to have
scholar interested in the genuineness of the reports from cataloguers on their highest rec-
signatures to Charles the First's death war- ord for cards required by single volumes and
rant, and to the casual inquirer into the origin by series or sets. Useful suggestions might
of the term “pot-walloper.” It has contrib- accompany these reports.
uted notably to the making of “The English
Dialect Dictionary," "The Dictionary of Na-
tional Biography," and the still uncompleted for next April, when three hundred years
THE SHAKESPEARE TERCENTENARY, planned
“ Oxford Historical Dictionary.” With so
honorable a record behind it, and so fair a field
will have passed since the poet's death, should
of usefulness before it, “Notes and Queries ”
be a nation-wide if not a world-wide success,
unless the energies of the Drama League of
should have all the support it now asks for
America to that end have been misdirected.
in its time of distress.
Shakespeare's own country seems likely to be
PERPLEXING PROBLEMS FOR THE CATALOGUER
engaged at that time in a sterner business
than the presentation of pageants and the
are of every-day occurrence in any large li-
glorification of the Elizabethan age - the
brary, and among them is the recurrent ques-
tion whether a given volume-
often it may
more's the pity! — and there is hence the
be a gift to the library, and it may take the
greater reason why our people should exert
form of a musty collection of pamphlets un-
themselves to signalize the occasion. In “Bul-
letin No. 2” issued by the Drama League are
systematically bound together – is worth the
careful analytical cataloguing imposed by given all sorts of helpful suggestions for those
modern rules. To leave the volume uncata planning Shakespeare celebrations; and gen-
logued is practically to discard it from the e
erous offers of further aid and advice are
made to all interested. Inquiries may be ad-
library, which would grievously offend the
dressed to 736 Marquette Building, Chicago.
donor, if it be a gift, and in any case would
On the subject of coöperation on the part of
seem to the cataloguer an unpardonable dere-
libraries, the Bulletin says that an extensive
liction; but to catalogue it properly — and no
annotated bibliography and a similar smaller
slipshod work is to be tolerated in the modern
American library -- might require a day's Congress for the assistance of schools and
list are being prepared by the Library of
work, or even two days' work, and the writing clubs and societies planning celebrations, and
of a hundred or more cards. It is the special
library, oftener
. than the ordinary public li- continues : In this connection the part to be
brary, that has to confront situations of this played by libraries (to which many librarians
are much alive) may be touched upon. Many
sort. Mr. Frederick Warren Jenkins, of the
will make a special feature of Shakespeare
Russell Sage Foundation Library, gives us in
shelves and collections, providing in particu-
his current Report a hint of what it means to
lar for the use of schools the collections recom-
catalogue such a collection. He says: “Even
on a conservative basis, fine analytics and Some (e. g., Boston) will have courses of lec-
mended in the bibliographies referred to.
many cards are necessary in the catalogue of
tures by specialists; some, exhibits of Shake-
the special library. As example: the number
A national committee and a
of cards made for four small sets may illus- speareana.
national memorial are among the interesting
trate: For the United States Report on Con-
dition of Woman and Child Wage-Earmers in probabilities and possibilities touched upon
in this notable Bulletin.
19 volumes, 82 cards were made; for 4 vol-
umes of the National Child Labor Committee
publications, 375 cards; for 8 volumes of the THE HISTORY OF A LINCOLN MANUSCRIPT is
Russell Sage Foundation pamphlet publica- made public for the first time in the preface
tions, 396 cards; and for 9 volumes of the to a small book containing the lecture on
New York State Charities Aid Association “Discoveries and Inventions" which Lincoln
publications, 514 cards. A single book occa- delivered in a number of Illinois towns, in-
sionally requires many cards to bring out its
its cluding Springfield, a short time before his
contents properly in the catalogue.
election to the presidency. Mr. John Howell
* Child in the City,' published under the aus- of San Francisco now puts this interesting
pices of the Chicago Child Welfare Exhibit. address between the covers of a book, and
required 88 cards, while for Kelynack's 'De- publishes a “memorandum” concerning it
fective Children’ 82 cards were made. The from the late Dr. Samuel H. Melvin, into
number of analytics to be made is a difficult whose possession the autograph manuscript
question to decide, and suggestions are always had come in the following manner: “In the


1915]
599
THE DIAL
month of February, 1861, being at that time vincing verisimilitude, whereas if the above-
a resident of Springfield, Illinois, I called one named invention is anything more than a
evening at the residence of my friend, Dr.
newspaper fiction we shall ere long have some
John Todd. The doctor was an uncle of Mrs.
authentic facts and figures; and if the tre-
Abraham Lincoln. While there Mr. Lincoln
mendous effectiveness of this new scheme for
came in, bringing with him a well-filled
coast-defence be all that is rumored, the toils
satchel, remarking as he set it down that it
and troubles of those now so busy with plans
contained his literary bureau. Mr. Lincoln
for military preparedness will have been, for-
remained some fifteen or twenty minutes, con- tunately enough, so much misdirected energy.
versing mainly about the details of his pros-
The command of a force so powerful as to
pective trip to Washington the following make war an impossibility has long been the
week, and told us of the arrangements agreed
upon for the family to follow him a few days sober scientists — and it may still continue to
dream not only of romancers, but also of
later. When about to leave he handed the
be a dream, or on the other hand some such
grip above referred to to Mrs. Grimsley, the
happy consummation as that depicted in the
only daughter of Dr. Todd, who was then a
late Simon Newcomb's remarkable romance,
widow but who subsequently became the wife
of Rev. Dr. John H. Brown, a Presbyterian inconceivable or impossible.
"His Wisdom the Defender," is not entirely
minister located in Springfield, remarking as
he did so that he would leave the bureau in
her charge; that if he ever returned to STAIRCASE WIT, l'esprit de l'escalier, the apt
Springfield he would claim it, but if not she repartee that comes to us too late, as we are
might make such disposition of its contents going down the stairs, is possessed or may
as she deemed proper. A tone of indescriba- be acquired by almost everybody, whereas the
ble sadness was noted in the latter part of the flashing quickness of appropriate rejoinder
sentence.” Five years later, after Dr. Melvin that all would like to be masters of is some-
had taken part in escorting the dead Presi- thing born with one and impossible to acquire
dent's body to his old home, he called again later. Nevertheless, education can do some-
at Dr. Todd's, was reminded of what seemed thing toward making a person fluent and
to have been a presentiment on Lincoln's part graceful in conversation, and it can perhaps
that he should not return alive to Springfield, do still more toward giving him the mastery
and was invited by Mrs. Grimsley to select of a ready and skilful pen. Such, at least,
any manuscript he liked from the satchel
seems to be the opinion of the writer of a
above mentioned. His choice was the lecture rather curious little book that has just come
now published by permission of his son, to our attention. It is called “The Happy
Judge Henry A. Melvin of the California Phrase" and is further designated as “A
Supreme Court, who is the present owner of Hand-Book of Expression for the Enrich-
the manuscript.
ment of Conversation, Writing, and Public
Speaking." It is "compiled and arranged
ROMANCE OUTDONE BY REALITY is no new by Edwin Hamlin Carr,
thing. An instance of inventive ingenuity mends itself by bearing the imprint of the
that may make commonplace and wearisome Putnam publishing house. A generous sup-
the once amazing creations of Jules Verne's ply of short phrases for the three purposes
imagination is now claiming public attention indicated on the title-page is to be found in
perhaps more attention than it will pres- the compact little volume, though the advisa-
ently be found to have deserved. Mr. Nikola bility of their inclusion is not always beyond
Tesla's alleged contrivance for projecting dispute. For instance, among the conversa-
enormous volumes of electrical energy to a tional phrases, “It is a beautiful piece of
great distance without wires, and with un- industrial accomplishment” may well be out-
paralleled destructive effect, eclipses the won- side the unaided reach of the average person,
ders conceived by Mr. H. G. Wells in his but “Isn't that jolly?” and “A capital idea!
earlier works of fiction, and makes tame that might safely be left to unassisted endeavor.
marvellous romance by Bulwer-Lytton, “ The For “Speech and Writing" the eye hits upon
Coming Race," an astonishing piece of work “An age crammed with war, The policy of
in its day. Readers of F. Marion Crawford military unpreparedness,” and “The patriot-
will recall the astounding things done with ism of the common people,” which have a
electricity by the hero of “With the Immor certain timeliness; and among “Happy Com-
tals.” There, however, the vague and safe binations" we find “Exorbitant prices,"
indefiniteness of fiction-writers science left “Rigid economy," "Hard facts,” and “Shat-
something to be desired in the way of con- tered hopes," which also strike a responsive
.


600
(Dec. 23
THE DIAL
to it
chord. Mr. Carr believes his book to be a special societies and of individuals, as well as
pioneer in its way, and in truth the volume of certain establishments, like the British
does fill a niche that has hitherto been un- Museum, which quite rationally prefer to
occupied.
purchase publications instead of receiving
them gratuitously, all of the Institution's pub-
lications are offered for sale at nominal
A "NATIONAL Book FORTNIGHT," described
as“ a national campaign to widen the circle of prices, which are only just sufficient to cover
the cost of bookmaking and transportation to
book-buyers," was recently engineered with
purchasers.” At present the Institution has
considerable success by the English Publish: purchasers.”
ers' Association. During the two weeks from
on hand about 126,000 volumes of its publica-
tions, and the collection is valued at nearly
November 22 to December 4, the eve of the
great book-buying season of the year, the Lon-
$237,000.
don and provincial press printed daily columns
of special book matter supplied by the Asso- THE AUSTRIAN INDEX LIBRORUM PROHIBITO-
ciation and consisting of original articles by RUM, one of the by-products of the great war,
Mr. H. G. Wells, Mr. Arnold Bennett, Mr. has been steadily increasing from the begin-
A. C. Benson, and other well known writers; ning, seventeen months ago, and is said now
and classified lists of the season's books were to include several hundred works, large and
included. An elaborate and imposing Christ- small. As samples of what is considered per-
mas catalogue, specially prepared for this nicious literature by the authorities at Vienna
purpose, was distributed by the local book-
we quote the following titles from a late num-
sellers. “Although the war has not affected
ber of the “Amtsblatt,” the official journal of
the book market so disastrously as many people the government: “Berlin to Bagdad: New
anticipated,” says the London “ Times,'
Aims of Central European Politics," by Dr.
has nevertheless added heavily to the handicap
von Wirdstettin : “My Adventures as Spy,”
of an ancient trade which has been struggling by Lieutenant-General Sir Robert Baden-
against adverse circumstances for many years
past. It has served also to emphasize the Powell ; “The Life of Jean Jaurès” (author
not given); “Para Pacem (anonymous);
truth of the familiar words of Felix Dahn, who
said: "To write a book is a task needing only Czech Association in Vienna; a postcard
“The Awakening," published by a patriotic
pen, ink, and paper; to print a book is rather
with the Pope's “Call to Peace" printed on
more difficult, because genius often expresses
the back. One of these books at least, Sir
itself illegibly; to read a book is more difficult
still, for one has to struggle with sleep. But
Robert Baden-Powell's spy adventures, is ex-
to sell a book is the most difficult task of all.”” tremely interesting reading, as we chance to
know; if the others are equal to it, the list is
worth keeping for future use when an anti-
CARNEGIE INSTITUTION PUBLICATIONS are
dote to ennui is desired.
properly valued and made good use of at
most of the three hundred and twenty larger
libraries where they are regularly received as
“OLD NASSAU," Princeton's famous song,
gifts, twenty or thirty substantial volumes comes into passing public notice at this time
being thus sent yearly to each beneficiary. by reason of the death of its composer, Pro
But now and then a library thus favored is fessor Karl A. Langlotz, of Trenton, N. J., at
found to be remiss either in promoting the the age of eighty-two. He had in his day
usefulness of these gifts or in acknowledging been professionally associated with many of
them, or in both particulars; and such negli- the world's leading musicians and composers,
gence brings its proper penalty in the drop- and had formed one of the orchestra led by
ping of that library's name from the list. Wagner when “Lohengrin” was for the first
The current Report of the President of the time presented at Weimar. He held his
Institution devotes some space to this subject famous Princeton melody in but light esteem,
and to the general method observed in the though fifty-four successive classes of Prince-
sending out of its publications. With justice tonians have sung it with enthusiasm and
it is maintained that no such indiscriminate paid due tribute of honor to its composer.
free distribution as is often requested by the The words of the song were the inspiration of
unthinking is financially possible even to so
Harlan Page Peck, of the class of 1862, and
well-endowed an association. “ Its entire there are few American college songs written
income would be insufficient to meet” such by undergraduates that equal it in fame and
demands, declares the President. But, he age.
Dr. Washington Gladden's well-known
adds a little later, "to meet the needs of
Williams song,
The Mountains" — both


1915)
601
THE DIAL
" Com.
“ Lar.
words and music being his work — antedates
" Com.
Take't; 't is yours. What is't?
“Old Nassau," as Dr. Gladden is a '59 man “ Mar. I sometime lay here in Corioles
and the song was a student performance, as he
At a poor man's house; he us'd me kindly.-
has pleasantly related in his autobiography.
He cry'd to me; I saw him prisoner,
But then Aufidius was within my view
And wrath o'erwhelm'd my pity. I request you
BIBLES AND BOMBS, linked in ironical part-
To give my poor host freedom.
nership, are at present conspicuous among the
Oh, well begg'd!
products manufactured in and exported from
Were he the butcher of my son, he should
Be free as is the wind.- Deliver him, Titus!
this country, to the no inconsiderable profit
of the manufacturers and exporters. That
Marcius, his name?
danger and death should create a demand for
"Mar.
By Jupiter, forgot! -
books of devotion is easy to understand; and
I'm weary; yea, my memory is tir'd.-
Have we no wine here?"
that the countries now involved in war should
be unable to supply this demand is not to be
Why did Shakespeare introduce into one of the
wondered at; but that the abnormal activity longest of his plays such an apparently trivial
of the munitions-factories should tend to
incident as his hero's begging for the life of a
speed up the printing presses of the Bible prisoner whose name he had forgotten? Most of
the editors and commentators point out the fact
houses, with resultant profits of a magnitude that Shakespeare found this incident in his origi-
not unwelcome to the latter, is a curious devel- nal, in North's translation of Plutarch. Deighton
opment out of the terrible tangle in which the regards the occurrence as an indication of Corio-
whole world — moral, industrial, commercial, lanus's “ tenderness of heart." Gervinus refers to
financial, social, and even religious — has be- it as an indication of one of the “good” traits in
come so inextricably involved. The sailing the hero's character, a “fit of feeling in a god
ships that used to clear from the port of
of stone." As far as I can find, only one editor-
Boston for heathen lands, with missionaries in
F. A. Marshall, in the “Henry Irving edition" of
the cabin and Bibles and Medford rum in the
Shakespeare,— has noted the fact that the drama-
tist departed from "his original” in making
hold, were freighted incongruously enough;
Coriolanus forget the name of one who had for-
but a cargo of scriptures and shells is worse.
merly shown him hospitality. Reference to Plu-
tarch's Life of Coriolanus shows that the poet did
A NEW SUGGESTION IN LIBRARY-BUILDING
depart from history in the matter referred to.
comes from California, the pioneer State in
Plutarch does not, it is true, give us the name of
the Volsce whom Coriolanus recognized in the
more than one library movement. In the cur-
heat of battle, and whose liberation he would have
rent quarterly issue of “News Notes of Cali- demanded had not at that moment his pity been
fornia Libraries" is printed a brief paragraph overwhelmed by wrath at the sight of his great
from a San Francisco journal, as follows: enemy — Aufidius. But neither is there anything
"As the city has decided to use the municipal in Plutarch to lead one to infer that Coriolanus
railway earnings to buy the library bonds,
did not remember the name of his benefactor.
work on the building has been resumed. The Assuming - and it is an assumption that we have
sale of the library bonds has been slow because Shakespeare knew what he was about when he
every right to make — that so skilful an artist as
of the low interest. Thus the San Francis-
adopted anything from his sources and that he did
can who boards a street-car to take him to the
not reject or retain anything hap-hazard, it be-
library in quest of a book both gets his ride
comes an interesting question why he departed
for his nickel and at the same time helps to from Plutarch in this particular incident. It will
provide funds for completing the library be noted that Marcius attributes his defect of
building — accomplishing two worthy objects memory to fatigue (“ I'm weary, yea, my memory
with one coin, which is infinitely more praise-
is tird”). But it can hardly be believed that
worthy than killing two birds with one stone.
Shakespeare meant to tell us no more than that
his hero was tired after the exploits of the day.
The stirring speech that Coriolanus delivers before
his General, and his demeanor throughout the
COMMUNICATIONS.
scene after the battle, contradict his theory of
SHAKESPEARE AND THE NEW PSYCHOLOGY.
mental fatigue. Besides, fatigue cannot obliterate
the names of our friends and benefactors from
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
our memory. Why, then, does Shakespeare, while
There has always been considerable fascination following his original so closely as to expose him-
for me in the following brief passage from one of self to the charge of plagiarism, depart from it in
the less popular of Shakespeare's great tragedies such an apparently trivial matter as the remem-
("Coriolanus," I. 9, 79-92):
bering of the name of an insignificant Volscian?
The gods begin to mock me. I, that now
That Shakespeare did so is sufficient proof that
Refus'd most princely gifts, am bound to beg the matter is not trivial, is not insignificant. To
Of my lord general.
me whatever is in Shakespeare's great works is
* Mar.


602
(Dec. 23
THE DIAL
right,--poetically, dramatically, and psychologi- quently, the individual, the conscious ego, the
cally. I am convinced that there is no more inter- host, is but rarely aware of the true character
esting or instructive way of studying a great of uniny ed guests. That is why it is such a
artist than to see him at work, in the act of crea- difficult task to know oneself. The ancientest
tion, as he is remolding his crude original and philosopher of whom we have any record spoke
giving it the breath of life. The little episode we wiselier than he knew when he formulated the
are now considering affords us an opportunity to fundamental maxim of his philosophy in the
see Shakespeare at work.
words: Know thyself! How difficult a task this
The question we have to consider is why does is can be appreciated only now since the revela-
Coriolanus forget the name of his sometime host? tions of the new psychology are showing us what
It is evident that he expected to remember the a filmy veneer over the true personality is the part
name and that he is chagrined at having forgotten of ourselves that we present to the view of the
it (“ By Jupiter, forgot!”). Can we explain this work-a-day world. To see ourselves as others see
occurrence? and what, if any, is its significance ? us would indeed bring us a little nearer to self-
Thanks to the “new psychology” of Professor knowledge, but only a little. The poet would per-
Sigmund Freud, these questions can be answered haps have sung truer had he prayed for the gift
without much difficulty.
to see ourselves with the eyes with which we see
It is one of the fundamental principles of this
others. But we cannot know others until we know
new psychology, the only psychology deserving the
the inmost part of ourselves, our unconscious
name, that nothing in the domain of mental
selves.
phenomena happens “by chance," that all our
But let us return to the consideration of lapses
thoughts and actions — even the most apparently
of memory. It must be borne in mind, however,
insignificant ones are determined by complex that we are dealing only with the forgetting of
psychic processes. Just as there is no effect with- those names which the individual ought to remem-
out an adequate cause in the physical world, so
ber and expects to remember, and the forgetting
there is no "accident" in the psychic world. I illus-
of which is accompanied with disappointment.
trated this principle (the law of psychic determin- Such a forgetting is really a failure on the part
ism) some time ago in a short essay dealing with of the function of memory; it is not a passive
Dr. Rank's discovery of what he believed to be a dropping from the memory, but an active expul-
slip of the tongue in “ The Merchant of Venice." sion from the memory. It is now well established
It was there shown that every so-called "slip" of that just as we can concentrate our mental ener-
the tongue has a meaning. Such a slip is really gies to recollect something so we can concentrate
only a slip of the attention, of the person's ability those energies in the effort to forget what is pain-
to keep to himself what is going on in his mind. ful and disagreeable. This voluntary and pur-
The censor or guardian that watches over the posed forgetting of our painful experiences, ideas,
unconscious ego and stands between it and the and desires, is called "Repression." But, alasi
conscious personality has been caught napping, the repressed matter is not always content to lie
and one of our secrets has escaped from its cell dormant; it takes advantage of every oppor-
and broken through the lines into the realm of tunity to escape from confinement, to enter into
consciousness. The person guilty of the slip may
association with the rest of our psychic life, to
not be aware (i. e., may not be conscious) of the influence our conscious life and to give vent to the
intruding idea and may not know the meaning of emotion associated with it. It is this partial fail-
the slip, but that it has a definite meaning is cer-
ure of repression that is responsible for what the
tain and may be discovered by the process known Germans call Fehlhandlungen, an expression for
as psychoanalysis, or soul analysis. Now, the which the English language has no equivalent.
failure to recollect a name or word that one ought By Fehlhandlungen we mean such acts as slips of
to remember and expects to remember is nothing the tongue, slips of the pen (miswriting), certain
but a slip of the memory, and is not accidental. printer's errors, mislaying objects, lapses of mem-
It is due to some unconscious motive, i. e., to a
ory, mishearing, misreading, misrecognition, and
motive of which the individual is not at the time many still more complicated mental and physical
conscious. Our unconscious personality is always acts, e. g., accidentally letting something fall, for-
true to us; it is franker, sincerer, and honester getting to carry out resolutions, throwing a stone
than our conscious ego, alas! our "normal" and "accidentally” hitting someone with it, etc.,
selves. It is true that our unconscious personality etc. To the uninitiated these assertions may seem
is selfish, without a touch of altruism, and un- ridiculous; but let any skeptic submit himself to
moral; but it is always true to us and to our a psychoanalysis and their truth will be demon-
interests. The unconscious ego seeks, above all, to strated beyond the shadow of a doubt.
avoid every unpleasantness, to exclude from con-
We all feel flattered when an eminent personage
sciousness any idea that may give the individual remembers our name, especially if he had met us
displeasure. It is only when the censor is asleep only once or twice and not under peculiarly favor-
or napping that our selfish or wicked desires slip able conditions. It is as though the great man
their leash and force an entry into the forbidden said to us: “ You are of sufficient importance
domain presided over by culture and civilization to have me remember your name." On the other
and hypocrisy. In most instances, however, they hand, we all feel some resentment and humiliation
do not pass the censor in their true shape, but when we find that our name has been forgotten by
enter consciousness in some disguise. Conse- a person of some importance or by one who we


1915)
603
THE DIAL
moner.
think ought to remember us. This explains, too, gifts), his gratitude for benefits received and his
the comic effect produced on the stage and in books gracious condescension in remembering a com-
when the name of one of the characters, usually
Coriolanus's renunciation of more booty
the “ villain,” is distorted every time it is spoken. than what he considers his just share, his generous
Shakespeare has noted, in "King John," that tribute to the many “ without note," his modesty,
“ new-made honour doth forget men's names." etc., as shown in Act I, and especially in this
From what Coriolanus says –
" he used me
scene, are well calculated to make us — - even the
kindly," — and from what we know of him, his spectators forget the hero's weaknesses. To
profession, his valor, and his hostility to Aufidius, it guard against this the dramatist ends the scene
seems that at some time he found himself hemmed- the act, we may say — with a subtle reminder of
in in Corioli and that he owed his escape to the
the protagonist's tragic failing - his hatred and
friendly shelter of the resident whose name he had scorn of the people. Even at the climax of the
forgotten. It might occur to someone to ask at portraiture of Coriolanus's better parts, the poet
this point: “If Shakespeare followed Plutarch so gives those who have the eyes to see a glimpse of
accurately in this matter why should there be any
his one great weakness. The little slip of the mem-
doubt about this? Was Coriolanus indebted to ory is psychologically and dramatically determined.
the Volscian and for what?" The answer to these
S. A. TANNENBAUM.
questions not only contains the answer to our New York City, Dec. 15, 1915.
main query (why Coriolanus forgot the name)
but furnishes a striking and extremely interesting A STRANGE VISITOR IN “THE CITY OF
illustration of Shakespeare's method of work. Let
DREADFUL NIGHT."
us say at once that, notwithstanding the assertions
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
of the editors and commentators, Shakespeare did It may be a matter of surprise to your readers,
not slavishly follow Plutarch, but changed what he as it dumfounded me, to learn that James Thom-
found in accordance with his insight into the souls son (“B. V.”) is the author of an interesting
of men and the requirements of his stage. That tribute to François Rabelais. The essay, reprinted
the reader may judge for himself, I transcribe the in “Biographical and Critical Studies," was writ-
following from Plutarch: “Only, this grace (said | ten, perhaps as a pot-boiler, for Cope's “ Tobacco
he) I crave and beseech you to grant me. Among Plant.” We get a hint of this origin in the
the Volsces there is an old friend and host of author's regret that the great abstracter of quin-
mine, an honest wealthy man, and now a prisoner; tessence died before making the acquaintance of the
who, living before in great wealth in his own
“ herb of herbs, which is tobacco. Had time and
country, liveth now a poor prisoner, in the hands
fortune but made him acquainted with it," con-
of his enemies."
tinues Thomson, we may be sure that tobacco
Be it noted that in Plutarch the Volscian is "an
and not vile hemp, would have been recognised by
honest [honorable], wealthy man" and "an old him as the herb Pantagruelion."
friend” of Coriolanus. Shakespeare makes him The first, biographical part of the essay is of no
a poor man ” who had befriended Coriolanus in
a time of need. It now becomes apparent, if we legend which modern research has destroyed, but
bear the character of Coriolanus in mind, why the the second part is an amazingly sympathetic ap-
Volscian's name was forgotten. He was a poor preciation of the work of Rabelais. We may or
man, a plebeian, and it galled Coriolanus to think
may not regret that the sombre poet of “The
that he — the haughtiest and the valiantest of the
City of Dreadful Night" did not imbibe more
aristocrats of Rome - was beholden to one of the deeply of the Pantagruelian philosophy,-"cer-
common people. The poor Volscian's name would
taine gayeté d'esprit conficte en mespris des choses
have suggested his plebeian origin, and would have
awakened Coriolanus's inveterate resentment for good evidence that the reading of Rabelais brought
fortuites," -- but at least it is pleasant to find
the many-headed and rank-scented multitude
him some hours of gaiety.
against whom he can never cease railing. Corio-
We think of Thomson one continually
lanus's contempt and prejudice are so deep-rooted wrapped in gloom, who had left behind all hope
to
and joy at the gates of the nocturnal city which
common people.
for him was life. Yet he could see more than one
The introduction of Coriolanus's failure to recall side of the shield. “Profound thought and crea-
the Volscian's name is one of those subtle and tive genius may wear a riant not less than a tragic
magical touches of which none but Shakespeare face, or, in some instances, the one and the other
was capable. The common soldiers, the aristoc- in alternation; and there are even instances in
racy and the generals are, for the time being, which one-half the mask has been of Thalia and
enamored of the hero of Corioli; his weaknesses the other of Melpomene; for wisdom and genius
are forgotten; his titanic pride, his egoism, his are not necessarily, though they are more fre-
impetuosity, and his contempt for the people are quently, grave. Democritus the laugher seems to
overlooked. Instead of these, they — and we have been a philosopher yet more subtle than
only his valor, his honor, his dignity, his physical Heraclitus the weeper .. and Aristophanes, I
prowess, his fearlessness, his filial love, his domes- suppose, had at least as much imaginative genius
tic virtues, his lofty mind, his brilliant leader- as Euripides."
ship. To crown all these, the poet shows us his As bits of well-phrased and effective criticism, I
hero's freedom from avarice (in refusing princely | may cite the following. Contrasting the satire of
66
as
- see


604
(Dec. 23
THE DIAL
“ Both see
next year.
66
Swift and Rabelais, Thomson says:
mental work now approaching publication, as
with a vision that cannot be muffled through all described in the “ Japan Times” of October 21.
the hypocrisies and falsehoods, all the faults and " Every country in Europe has a trustworthy,
follies of mankind; but the scorn of Rabelais rolls exhaustive dictionary of its language, but it is a
out in jolly laughter, while the scorn of Swift is a matter of great regret that Japan has not been bene-
saeva indignatio — the one is vented in wine, the fited by such an acquisition. This inconvenience will
other in vitriol.” Again, speaking of the inex-
be removed by the Japanese Lexicon' which has
haustible exuberance of the Frenchman's vocabu-
passed all stages of compilation, thanks to the 15
lary, he says: “I remember reading somewhere
years' assiduous application of Prof. Uyeda of the
Tokyo Imperial University and Prof. Matsui of the
of two Oxford or Cambridge professors discussing Tokyo Higher Normal School. This invaluable work
whether Shakespeare or Milton had the greater will be published in four volumes, the first having
command of language, when one remarked con- already passed the last proof-reading, while the other
clusively: Why, in half-an-hour Shakespeare three volumes will be issued within three years from
would have slanged Milton into a ditch!' I take
it that Rabelais would have slanged Racine into a
“Last Tuesday evening a dinner was given in the
ditch in about five minutes.” I have rarely seen
Seiyoken, Uyeno, in honour of the two scholars by
their friends. The function was attended by Premier
a more Gargantuan blow dealt to French classi-
Count Okuma, Barons Kikuchi and Goto, Dr. Takata,
cism, which, when it deigned to speak of Rabelais
Minister of Education, Vice-Minister Ishihara of the
at all, treated his book as an inexplicable enigma. Household Department, and some 150 distinguished
Possibly Thomson was thinking of Rabelais scholars and educationists.
when he wrote in his “Proem":
" Minister Takata paid a glowing tribute to the
O antique fables! beautiful and bright,
guests of honour, emphasising the fact that there has
And joyous with the joyous youth of yore;
been hitherto no reliable dictionary of the Japanese
O antique fables ! for a little light
language, especially for foreign students, but that
Of that which shineth in you evermore,
the new dictionary by the two scholars will efficiently
To cleanse the dimness from our weary eyes,
fill up the gap.
And bathe our old world with a new surprise
“ Then followed the Premier's address, in which he
Of golden dawn entrancing sea and shore."
recounted that the first dictionary compiled in the
Orient was that completed in the reign of the Chinese
BENJ. M. WOODBRIDGE. Emperor Shih, its vocabulary, however, containing
University of Texas, Dec. 12, 1915.
only 1,200 words. The Kanghsi Lexicon, an authori-
tative Chinese dictionary, was compiled in the early
stages of the Ching dynasty and comprised some
BOOKS IN JAPAN.
70,000 words. The new Japanese Dictionary by Profs.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
Uyeda and Matsui is exhaustive, treating 220,000
words. Its Mss. are 140 ft. high. The perseverance
The following paragraphs from the “ Japan
and energy of the Professors are entitled to the high-
Times” of October 13 will serve to give an idea
est praise, concluded the Premier."
of what Japan reads. The “publication market"
ERNEST W. CLEMENT.
mentioned therein is a yearly affair.
Tokyo, Japan, Nov. 21, 1915.
“The result of the publication market in autumn
is the barometer as to what books are favoured by the
people in this country. This season at the Tokiwa-
AN INTERESTING PROPHECY.
kadan Restaurant, Uyeno, for four days between the
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
7th and 11th inst, 184 publishers of the Tokyo Pub-
lishers' Guild placed their publications on the market.
Among those of your readers as keenly inter-
Over 300 booksellers are reported to have come up
ested as I in Professor Showerman's delightful --
from Formosa, Korea, Manchuria, and the Loochoo I am tempted to say, delicious - review of
islands as well as from various parts of Japan proper “Modern Painting," by Mr. Willard Huntington
to enjoy the benefits offered by the market. The sale Wright, in your issue of Nov. 25, there may be
for four days totalled some 170,000 yen [$85,000],
some who are unacquainted with, or who have
of which such leading publishers as the Maruzen,
forgotten, the sentences with which Mr. Birge
Hakubun-kan, Okura, Rikugo-kan, and Fuzanbo se-
cured each more than ten thousand yen ($5,000].
Harrison closes the fifth chapter of his book on
“Landscape Painting":
" Publications dealing with popular science have
enjoyed the keenest demand; next come those relating
“When I try to draw aside the veil, and peer into
to popular history and geography; and the linguistic
the mists of the future, I seem to see another art, less
literature and dictionaries, especially the German-
material, more akin to the pure spirit of music; an
Japanese Dictionary by Prof. Tobari, have expe-
art stripped of all that is gross and material; an art
rienced a warm welcome. That the German-Japanese
in which abstract beauty alone shall rule. In this new
Dictionary has increased in favour may be due to the
art values may very possibly be unnecessary, and all
European war.
will be stated in terms of beautiful color.
“ So-called small series editions and detective sto-
This is not yet, however; and any art which is to
ries have seen their day and are now not found even
endure must be true to the spirit of its own age.”
on the auction list. Novels and romances are quite This prophecy was uttered five years ago. There
unpopular. As for the works of Mr. Rabindranath
are few, Mr. Wright's “ Modern Painting” to the
Tagore, the keen demand for them ceased with the
confirmation of the rumour that he would give up his
contrary, who believe the prophecy realized at this.
intended visit to this country.”
time.
ALFRED M. BROOKS.
I should also like to call attention to a monu- Indiana University, Dec. 14, 1915.


1915]
605
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One may
a
-
The New Books.
of this year on the still more futile expedition
to the Dardanelles. There is a certain pain-
ful appropriateness in the fact that one who
EXEGI MONUMENTUM: RUPERT BROOKE.*
perceived so plainly the irony of life, the
eternal disproportion between effort and
The real artist, who knew what he was achievement, should be associated with two
imitating, would be interested in realities and
such tragic blunders. He died of blood-
not in imitations; and would leave, as memo- poisoning in the Ægean on the twenty-third
rials of himself, works many and fair; and, of April, at the age of twenty-seven, and was
instead of being the author of encomiums, he buried in the island of Scyros.
would prefer to be the theme of them.” These apply to him Pater's exquisite words concern-
words of Plato, true at all times, were never
ing Shakespeare's Claudio:
“Called upon
more evidently true than now. To write suddenly to encounter his fate, looking with
poetry, to think about poetry when half the keen and resolute profile straight before him,
world is in the agony of dissolution; when
he gives utterance to some of the central
men to whom life looks as fair and tastes as truths of human feeling,” though in Brooke
sweet as to us face death hourly with a smile; that utterance is far from being "the sincere,
when what we have known as civilization
concentrated expression of the recoiling flesh."
seems to be reeling back to the barbarism For it is perfectly evident from his verse that
whence it sprang, and we know not what new
he felt, without shrinking, the shadow of ap-
earth may at last emerge from the chaos over proaching death. The group of sonnets pub-
which the powers of darkness and not the
lished in 1914 after the outbreak of the war
Spirit of God are moving ;-to deal with
deals almost exclusively with this theme.
poetry at a time like this, we feel and justly Among them are the lines, now famous :
feel, requires an apology. It will evidently
“:
be no “idle singer of an empty day” that “If I should die, think only this of me:
That there's some corner of a foreign field
can engage us at such an hour. It will be
That is for ever England. There shall be
poetry that is sincere and profound, that
In that rich earth a richer dust concealed;
expresses what our life veritably is — poetry,
A dust whom England bore, shaped, made aware,
in a word, that is real. And even such poetry Gave, once, her flowers to love, her ways to
may be postponed to happier days,- days less
roam,
urgent, less solemn, on whose fortune hang A body of England's, breathing English air,
less vital issues. But if, in our search for Washed by the rivers, blest by suns of home.
something that will distract our minds for an
“And think, this heart, all evil shed away,
instant from the horrors that obsess them, we
A pulse in the eternal mind, no less
should come upon noble poetry which has Gives somewhere back the thoughts by England
been translated into heroic deed, upon this we given;
may dwell without accusing thoughts. "This," Her sights and sounds; dreams happy as her
we say, “is suited to the hour.” And such day;
poetry we find in the verse of Rupert Brooke. And laughter, learnt of friends; and gentleness,
Here is a monument not of song only, but of
In hearts at peace, under an English heaven.”
glorious act, and not of act only, but of It is natural to allow our judgment of
sacred song. Here is an artist who was “in. Brooke's poetry to be swayed by the romance v
terested in realities, not in imitations," and of his fate; natural, too, to estimate all his
has left behind him, as memorials of himself, work in the light of a single triumphant
works, not indeed many, but
very
fair.
utterance like this sonnet. One approaches
The brief record of the poet's life is by this his collected poems, therefore, with a certain
time well known. Born into a cultivated misgiving. Can one retain one's critical judg- .
family, endowed with unusual physical beauty ment in the face of so strong a temptation to
and charm, trained in the best English schools, surrender it? But repeated readings of the
loved and admired by hosts of friends, recog- volume only confirm one's first impression.
nized as a poet of great promise, he offered Here is verse of great distinction, modern in
himself at the outbreak of the war for the method and feeling, but almost wholly free
defence of the land to which he owed the
from the excess which blights the newer
gifts that made life dear to him.
He saw
schools of poetry; verse that is in no sense
active service in the trenches during the futile
academic, and that yet belongs, on the whole, v
Antwerp expedition, and sailed in February to the ancient, sound English tradition.
* THE COLLECTED POEMS OF RUPERT BROOKE.
There is, no doubt, an occasional grossness of
duction by George Edward Woodberry and a biographical note image, an undue emphasis upon unpleasant
by Margaret Lavington. With portrait. New York: John
Lane Co.
odors and upon certain ugly facts of the body,
With Intro-


606
(Dec. 23
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but this is the only evidence that the evil consolations, his shadowy but quenchless hope,
communications of our day have in any wise his ecstasies flawed with the sense of their own
corrupted his excellent poetic manners. There impermanence. They have always a charac-
are few metrical experiments, and those most teristic touch, a delightful difference, that
successful. This poet has no need of license; marks them as the poet's own, and they are
he has fulfilled the first duty of the artist,- always ended with a felicity that not even the
to confess the limitations of the medium in greatest Elizabethans invariably achieve.
which he works. And in that medium he has Take, for instance, Campion's stanzas begin-
achieved effects of extreme beauty: a delicate ning, “When thou must home to shades of
and varied music, an exquisite management underground,” with its half-dozen lines of
of pause and quantity, an unobtrusive inven- pure and faultless loveliness, and its impo-
tiveness of rhyme, happy verbal "finds" or tent conclusion, and compare it with Brooke's
revivals — yet without a touch of pedantry,– sonnet, “Oh! Death will find me, long before
rich and vivid imagery. It is not, on the I tire.” The younger poet is here handling av
whole, simple poetry, though simplicity, too, theme on which it is difficult not to be remi-
was within the range of the poet's gift; but niscent of the elder, but the individuality of
certainly the comparison with Donne that has the treatment, the lightness of touch, the
been suggested is quite unwarranted. There breadth and suavity, above all, the inimitable
is nothing in him of the tortuosity of the grace of the closing couplet make the sonnet
metaphysical school and its modern imitators issue triumphantly even from so perilous a
There is, indeed, no point in trying to place testing.
the poet, to evaluate him by comparison with
“Oh! Death will find me, long before I tire
vothers. It is enough to determine whether his
Of watching you; and swing me suddenly
voice, now silent, was indeed an authentic
Into the shade and loneliness and mire
voice of poetry. Yet I cannot forbear to re- Of the last land! There, waiting patiently,
mark that in his best and most serious verse
there is a grave stateliness that is all but
“One day, I think, I'll feel a cool wind blowing,
Shakespearean. Such a sonnet as “The Busy
See a slow light across the Stygian tide,
Heart” would not be wholly out of place in
And hear the Dead about me stir, unknowing,
And tremble. And I shall know that you have
the immortal series that deals with the golden
died,
youth and the Dark Lady. Nor am I afraid
to say that it is a better sonnet, because a
“And watch you, a broad-browed and smiling
dream,
nobler and profounder, than the famous
Pass, light as ever, through the lightless host,
Since there's no help, come let us kiss and
Quietly ponder, start, and sway, and gleam -
part” of Drayton.
Most individual and bewildering ghost! -
“Now that we've done our best and worst, and
parted,
“And turn, and toss your brown delightful head
I would fill my mind with thoughts that will Amusedly, among the ancient Dead."
not rend.
(O heart, I do not dare go empty-hearted)
So much, though a good deal more might be
I'll think of Love in books, Love without end;
said, for the poet's manner. But what is after
Women with child, content; and old men
all the most vital aspect of the work of any
sleeping;
poet who is worthy of the name is the ideas
And wet strong ploughlands, scarred for certain and emotions that it expresses, the revelation
grain;
that it gives us of the man behind it. In the
And babes that weep, and so forget their
case of a young poet, nothing is so character-
weeping;
And the young heavens, forgetful after rain; passion of love, and here our poet is at his
istic and revealing as his treatment of the
And evening hush, broken by homing wings;
best. There is in much of his love poetry a
And Song's nobility, and Wisdom holy,
That live, we dead. I would think of a thousand
refreshing and unexpected note, a recognition
things,
of the truth that love and life are not quite
Lovely and durable, and taste them slowly, identical, that those other minor "loves " upon
One after one, like tasting a sweet food.
which he dilates, the humble and fleeting joys
I have need to busy my heart with quietude." of earth, may "impart a gusto" even to the
There are, indeed, several of the sonnets grand passion, and that they may almost
that seem to echo the rich Elizabethan music. console for the lack or the loss of it. This is
They have often the same motif, the illusion clearly not due to any want of virility or
and the futility of passion. But they are not incapacity for intense feeling in the poet's
echoes, they are voices, gravely uttering the nature; for there are poems in this volume
poet's own experience of life, his sorrows, his! that sing the ecstasies of love in a fashion


1915)
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-
that would "create a soul under the ribs of we're beyond the sun
we're beyond the sun" is an admirable exam-
"
death.” It is due rather to two qualities that fple of that blending of poetic graces and
are sufficiently rare in men of so ardent a felicities, half humorous, half sober, with a
temperament as his,- a certain clear-eyed 4 wholly profound and sincere idea, which gives
sense of the limitations of the great passion, his verse its rare distinction. And in this
and a kind of mystical reticence or remote- case, the underlying idea is unmistakably
ness, a withholding of himself, a recognition 4 Platonic.
of the finiteness of man's heart; and these “Not with vain tears, when we're beyond the sun,
two qualities save him from being a mere We'll beat on the substantial doors, nor tread
harp for the winds of passion to work their Those dusty high-roads of the aimless dead
lawless will upon, and make him the master Plaintive for Earth; but rather turn and run
of his music. He knows that, Shakespeare
Down some close-covered by-way of the air,
notwithstanding, love is Time's fool, - that
Some low sweet alley between wind and wind,
with the fading of beauty, fades also the pas-
Stoop under faint gleams, thread the shadows,
find
sion that it inspired and that idealized it.
Some whispering ghost-forgotten nook, and there
“ Oh, I'll remember! but . . . each crawling day
Will pale a little your scarlet lips, each mile “Spend in pure converse our eternal day;
Dull the dear pain of your remembered face.” Think each in each, immediately wise;
In the height of his ardors, he can still antici-
Learn all we lacked before; hear, know, and say
pate the coming of the inevitable day when
What this tumultuous body now denies;
kindliness shall take the place of love, when
And feel, who have laid our groping hands away;
And see, no longer blinded by our eyes."
".. the best that either's known
Touches of Platonism, indeed, are frequent.
Will change and wither and be less,
At last, than comfort, or its own
The delightful lyric, " Tiare Tahiti,” devoted
Remembrance."
to one of his wandering loves, embodies a
He recognizes also within himself and regis- charming and whimsical application of the
ters a certain incapacity to rise to the highest
doctrine of the Symposium. Life is soon
levels of passion, the sudden chilling impo- things end, not in the grave—that were too
over, love is fleeting, all fair and earthly
tence that falls upon a temperament too
reflective to yield itself to the enthralling commonplace a conclusion — but in the world
of Types of which the poet-philosopher tells
moment.
us, the world of "the divine beauty, pure and
“ There are wanderers in the middle mist,
clear and unalloyed, not clogged with the pol-
Who
cry for shadows, clutch, and cannot tell
Whether they love at all, or, loving, whom.
lutions of mortality and all the colours and
... Of these am I."
vanities of human life."
It will not do, of course, to interpret such
“And my laughter, and my pain,
admissions too literally. They may be partly
Shall home to the Eternal Brain.
And all lovely things, they say,
dramatic, or the effect of a fleeting mood of
Meet in Loveliness again.
self-reproach. Yet they recur too often to be
ignored, and they are moreover quite in char-
And there'll no more be one who dreams
acter. But if any reader is inclined, because
Under the ferns, of crumbling stuff,
of these Hamlet-like misgivings, to think of Eyes of illusion, mouth that seems,
the poet as a lover without ardor, he has only All time-entangled human love."
to turn to such a poem as “Mummia” in order But alas, it is precisely “the colours and
to be persuaded that the lady to whom these vanities" that are dear to us and make our
verses were addressed would be exacting in- fleeting life so dear. The world of Types is
deed if she were not content with such a poet- something chilly and remote to warm-blooded
lover. “Love's for completeness," he insists, earth-dwellers, and hence the poet draws the
and since completeness is unattainable in this practical and inevitable conclusion:
fragmentary and distracting world, it is “Hasten, hand in human hand,
necessary to postpone the highest raptures
Down the dark, the flowered way."
and rewards of love to another life, where love It is the old cry of the poets, but touched in
is bodiless. Like the romantic poets of every these verses with a mysticism that half re-
age, he recognizes the human limitation; but deems it from the charge of mere earthliness.
unlike the less wise of them, he acquiesces in “Heaven's Heaven,” the poet knows, though
it, and this acquiescence gives to his work,
"we'll be missing
despite its intense modernity, a touch of the The palms, the sunlight, and the south."
v antique repose, the Platonic mysticism. The It is this oscillation between the keenest,
sonnet that begins “Not with vain tears, when most poignant enjoyment of the things of
"


608
(Dec. 23
THE DIAL
sense and a realization of their transiency in profounder satire upon the incorrigible ma-
relation to a world where they are transmuted terialism of man, but it is not more essentially
into ideas that gives the poet's verse its char- humorous than our poet's conception of meta-
acteristic note, a note that is neither sensuous physics as imaged in the fishy mind.
nor reflective, but a subtle blending of both.
“One may not doubt that, somehow, Good
“I have been so great a lover," he cries,-S0 Shall come of Water and of Mud;
great a lover that his love embraces well-nigh And, sure, the reverent eye must see
all the things of earth. In the poem from A purpose in Liquidity.
which this phrase is taken, he enumerates the
We darkly know, by Faith we cry,
objects of his love, and a motley assemblage
The future is not Wholly Dry."
they are: “wet roofs beneath the lamplight," Yet the poet, despite his youthful gaiety
"the strong crust of friendly bread," "the and his rapturous delight in life, is profoundly
cool kindliness of sheets that soon smooth serious. The transiency of beauty and love,
away trouble,” “Sleep; and high places; the eternal antimony of the relative and the
footprints in the dew." These things, too, absolute, these are his themes. And it is diffi-
must pass, like greater things; but before cult not to connect them with the thought
they end, he desires to record his love of of early death which runs like a subsidiary
them. He loves them simply, humanly, with motif through all the intricate harmonies of
out reference to their poetic value. He is his verse. It is not the mere morbidness of
capable of homely as well as of extraordinary youth, the shadow cast by its brilliant sun-
joys. Not being a product of over-sophistica- shine. It is a part of the great adventure of
tion, he has no inclination to treat “the mere living. He looks forward with curiosity un
drift or débris of our days” as if it were not. assuaged to the freedom, the wisdom, the
And yet there is often a lurking symbolism in unknown joys, the taintless love of that
his treatment of the most commonplace and ampler, that diviner world.
objective themes, which is all the more effec-
There the sure suns of these pale shadows move;
tive for being implicit. The dining-room at There stand the immortal ensigns of our war;
tea-time and the examination-room are filled Our melting flesh fixed Beauty there, a star,
for an instant with august presences, “im- And perishing hearts, imperishable Love."
mote, immortal,” beside the everyday or the Nor does this obsession of the brevity of life
grotesque beings who are visible and audible - for it is no less — issue in lethargy or in
there. A night-journey by train is an image quietism; but rather in the felt need of "re-
of that other mysterious journey of which the deeming the time," not because the days are
end is appointed, in which,
evil, for they are a procession of beauty and
"Lost into God, as lights in light, we fly." opportunity, but because they are few. And
The fish in his cool, crystalline world feels so the poet, with the pathetic human craving
dimly “the intricate impulse” that disturbs for immortality, hastens to give what perma-
man, in his no less limited being, with long- nence he can to the crowding, evanescent
ings from beyond the element that engulfs loves,
6 the scented store
him. Thus the poet's homely loves verge upon,
Of
song and flower and sky and face"
tend to unite with, his more exalted ones, as
both are absorbed in the Idea.
which his spirit has acquired. There is no
But it must not be inferred that all this hoarding of joys, no "stern, spiritual frugal-
ity" here. Nor, on the other hand, is there
high thinking and poetic feeling are un-
unbridled lavishness. All the manifold ele-
touched by gaiety. Everywhere, even in the unbridled lavishness.
ments of his vivid and eager life are in their
most incongruous situations, though with no
effect of incongruity, the poet's humor plays place, and compose” at last in an ordered
picture.
There is, moreover, little of the
over the high themes with which he deals,
and thus redeems them from the portentous who have a lifetime in which to elaborate
groping, tentative manner of young poets
seriousness which is the bane of the young their image of the world. There is little of
artist. His most eloquent verse is sane and the youthful awkwardness that disfigures the
cool, never over-fervid or grandiloquent, and early work even of a Keats. This is young
his lighter verse is altogether charming. It is poetry to be sure, with all the charm and
difficult to imagine a more successful thing of vivacity of youth; but it is ripe poetry, too.
its kind than “The Old Vicarage, Grant- The Fates that denied him length of days
chester," with its blending of gaiety and
gave him in compensation an early and a rich
gravity, beauty and burlesque; and the poem maturity. One can hardly regret the work
called “Heaven" is a little triumph of satiri- of which his death has deprived us, for what
cal felicity. Caliban upon Setebos” is all he has left us is so admirably complete. The


1915)
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monument that he has built for himself has the courage and determination which the pres-
the finality, the freedom from effort, the ent crisis should arouse, to attack the greatest
serenity of an Attic grave-stone. One may of all evils.
even rejoice that such gifts as his are en-, It is not supposed that the world will live
shrined henceforth beyond the reach of in amity as the result of a general increase
change.
of personal righteousness. Something more
“ We have found safety with all things undying,
than this, something dynamic, is required.
The winds and morning, tears of men and mirth, The machinery must be created for the devel-
The deep night, and birds singing, and clouds opment of international activities. Already
flying,
much machinery of this kind exists, for cer-
And sleep, and freedom, and the autumnal earth." tain limited purposes. Thus we have the
Like the actors in the carven pastoral of International Postal Union, and numerous
Keats's Ode, he remains immortally young, international societies of various kinds, some
beautiful, heroic, flinging out his songs in the of which legislate for their members in regard
face of Death, never to be touched by the to certain matters. Science is completely in-
decay and squalor that overtake, too often, ternational. The fact is, that militaristic
the loveliness of earth.
governments represent the survival of the
CHARLES H. A. WAGER. ideals of a past age, and are out of joint with
the progressive elements in modern civiliza-
tion.
The methods of diplomacy, no matter how
THE FEDERATION OF THE WORLD.*
able the diplomats, are doomed to failure.
After the war, what next? Shall we settle They are wholly undemocratic, and are left
down to get ready for other and more dread in the hands of men who belong to the ruling
ful wars, or will it be possible to develop an classes, “a caste strongly entrenched in eco-
internationalism that will render all wars nomic and social privileges and with few
impossible? Mr. Hobson does not underesti- opportunities for gaining knowledge of or
mate the magnitude of the step which he advo- sympathy with the life of the general body of
cates in his book, "Towards International the nation." Thus the fate of millions is
decided as the outcome of a game, in which
the only practical alternative to a condition both sides are ignorant of the consequences of
which he hopes and believes mankind will no their actions, and indifferent to the broader
longer tolerate.
considerations of justice and humanity. This
In the first place, it will by no means suffice may be true, in spite of the fact that the par-
to “crush German militarism,” as the phrase ticipants are highly trained, extremely able,
goes, and then expect all to be well. As the and anxious to do their duty. It is especially
author rightly insists, the thing to be crushed important to appreciate this point, because an
in Germany is not primarily an army and apparently formidable argument against in-
navy, but a state of mind, a spirit of na- ternationalism lies in the lamentable failure
tional aggression, proud, brutal and unscru- of negotiations between the picked men of
pulous, the outcome of certain intellectual and Europe. Where these have failed, how shall
moral tendencies.” This condition of mind is others succeed? The answer is, that we need
not peculiar to Germany, but exists more or for this work a quite different type of mind;
less in all countries, founded as it is on the we need men who will study the problems
baser instincts of mankind. Its manifesta involved, weigh the consequences, and decide
tions in private life are discouraged by every upon the merits of each case with due regard
means possessed by society and the State, but to all the peoples concerned. Such men exist
in national affairs it is made respectable un- in sufficient numbers to make a beginning;
der the cloak of patriotism. It is a long step and when the Federation of the World is an
forward to do away with this colossal vice; established fact, men will be trained for this
but as Mr. Hobson remarks, we are not enter- | kind of service. It will no longer occur to
ing upon any new policy, but only extending anyone that he who strives for the welfare of
to larger affairs that which we have long humanity is in any degree injuring his own
relied upon in lesser. Within the memory of country.
those living, many ancient idols of respecta- In all of this, there is no spirit of amor-
bility have been shattered, and many estab- phous "neutrality.” Mr. Hobson's attitude is
lished customs called into question; many as far as possible from that of the academic
others are visibly doomed, and it needs only jellyfish who believes that all opinions were
born free and equal, and are equally entitled
TOWARDS INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENT. By J. A. Hobson.
New York: The Macmillan Co.
to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happi-
Government,” but he tries to show that it is de


610
(Dec. 23
THE DIAL
ness. The reviewer will suggest the phrase is desirable, indeed it is perhaps necessary, to
“Dynamic Neutrality” to express the status organize the forces of internationalism sepa-
of those who are neutral in the sense of keenly rately in each country, to furnish as it were
desiring the welfare of the peoples of all roots for the tree which we hope will eventu-
warring nations, but who also desire to do ally bear the fruits of peace.
everything in their power to bring about a
T. D. A. COCKERELL.
just solution of the matters in dispute. This
is the neutrality of a good police officer, who
uses force only when other means fail. It
seems to Mr. Hobson that it will be necessary
MAGIC CHARMS AND JEWELS. *
for the united nations to at least be in a posi- Since Spencer and Gillen made their ex-
tion to use force against any group which haustive study of the manners and customs
refuses to accept the established sanctions, but
of the aboriginal Australians, and Dr. James
in the course of time this type of settlement
G. Frazer showed in his invaluable work on
will be less important. “Social, moral and Totemism the relations between the ideas of
economic pressure," as recommended by the
this most primitive of peoples and those of
International Congress of Women at the later phases of barbarism, one instinctively
Hague, would ultimately bring any civilized expects to find the origin of most supersti-
country to terms. To the military minded, tions in the customs of the Australian Bush-
this sounds like a weak remedy; but imagine
men. In whatever direction this dusky origi-
the consequences to a nation “if all diplo- nator of ideas may be found lacking, it is
matic intercourse were withdrawn; if the in- certainly not in that of a universal belief in
ternational postal and telegraphic systems sympathetic magic, with its accompanying
were closed to a public law-breaker; if all developments in the working of charms by
inter-State railway trains stopped at his fron-
the wise men of the tribe, and through talis-
tiers; if no foreign ships entered his ports, manic objects.
and ships carrying his flag were excluded
Dr. George Frederick Kunz, in his new
from every foreign port; if all coaling sta-
tions were closed to him; if no acts of sale book, “The Magic of Jewels and Charms,
has collected an immense amount of valuable
or purchase were permitted to him in the material, which some future anthropologist
outside world.” This implies a unanimity of
world-opinion which has never yet been ap- relationship of magic to the development of
with a connected theory on the subject of the
proached, but it would come perhaps as the
result of full and accurate information, gath- tively to great advantage. This material is
human thought will be able to use illustra-
ered and circulated by an international body made doubly valuable by an indication at the
commanding general respect. Long before
foot of each page of the sources whence the
any such extreme measures were adopted, the
data are derived. One looks in vain, how-
questions involved would have been discussed
ever, for any constructive plan in the work.
from every angle, and their bearing accu-
The author has strung his facts together in
rately estimated. Knowledge and responsi-
an almost totally unrelated fashion, like a
bility may be expected to bring clarity of
vision : "the agitator and the yellow journal precious and otherwise, held together by a
colossal necklace of every variety of stone,
ist who work by spreading fears, suspicions thread of narrative so weak that it breaks at
and jealousies, and by imputing false motives
times. A person of encyclopædic memory
to foreigners, owe all their power to the atmos-
phere of ignorance in which they work.”
may enjoy packing facts, so presented, away
It appears to the reviewer that it is high in the pigeonholes of his brain; but a thinker
time to organize a council or unofficial parlia- demands an arrangement of data into some
ment for the consideration of international harmonious whole, which will stimulate his
questions in this country. Such a group
powers of thought. It is true that Dr. Kunz
might do much to clarify public opinion, by often offers interesting
often offers interesting observations, but
ascertaining and making known the facts re-
these are sandwiched in like another sort of
lating to public affairs, and exposing the out- bead on the string, and are so frequently pre-
rageous misrepresentations with which the fixed by a "perhaps" or a "probably " that
press is filled. It might also serve as a mouth-their authoritativeness is greatly diminished.
piece for the latent international good will Although the author has not brought for-
which is at present almost inarticulate. Pro- ward any new theory in regard to the develop-
posals for an international council of this ment and degeneration of thought in relation
type, to sit in Europe, are now before the
• THE MAGIC OF JEWELS AND CHARMS. By George Frederick
public, and certainly deserve support; but it Kunz. Illustrated. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.


1915]
611
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а
to magic charms and stones, an absorbing ave- tive superstition becomes modified as time
nue of study is opened up by his labors. Some goes on, until its original significance is alto-
day, no doubt, not only the material heregether forgotten, and the attributing of magic
brought together but the researches of others properties to an infinite variety of objects
will be drawn upon for a scientific synthesis as seems merely an arbitrary fancy! This mul-
complete as Dr. Joseph E. Pogue has furnishedtiplication of magic objects began in the most
for a single stone in his elaborate study of the primitive times. Every animal, every tree,
“History, Mineralogy, Geology, Ethnology, every stone, might be a totem. Sometimes
Archæology, Mythology, Folklore, and Tech- the totem was itself the ancestor of the tribe,
nology of the Turquoise.” In the meantime, sometimes it was a personal guardian spirit,
anyone familiar with the work of such men and then again it was merely the repository
as Tylor and Frazer will find many an inter- of such ancestral or guardian spirits.
esting comparison suggested to him as he Another primitive idea, that of producing
browses in this rich field of facts.
desired effects by sympathetic magic, i. e., by
When we read in Dr. Kunz's book that St.
some action which was thought to be imitative
Apollonia of Alexandria is said to cure tooth-of the desired result, is, in the end, combined
ache and all diseases of the teeth, the reason with the use of magic stones. Rain-making
for this being that at her martyrdom all her
stones are among the most interesting of this
beautiful teeth were pulled out, we are re- sort, several examples of which are given by
minded that the primitive Australian was in Dr. Kunz. The Dieri tribes of Central Africa
the habit of knocking out a tooth or two upon believe that rain can only be produced by
the ceremonies at the initiation into man-
magic ceremonies through the intercession of
hood, and that this queer practice was by no
ancestral spirits. In one of these ceremonies
means a meaningless ritual, but was founded two large stones are used.
upon the belief that a part of the soul was in
“ After a ceremonial in the course of which the
this way preserved for re-incarnation in the
blood drawn from the two chief sorcerers is
future. At least, so many similar customs
smeared over the bodies of the others, the stones
and their evident relationship with totems are borne away by these two sorcerers for a dis-
and totemism seem to indicate. In this way tance of about twenty miles, and there put up
human teeth, and also the teeth of totem ani- upon the highest tree that can be found, the object
mals, became magical objects. Another link evidently being to bring them as near to the clouds
in the chain is supplied by Dr. Kunz when he as possible."
relates that in southern Russia a favorite In another ceremony, rock-crystal as a rain
amulet, especially valued for the protection compeller finds honor. To bring down rain
of children and the cure of their diseases, is from the sky, the wizards of the Ta-ta-thi
a wolf's tooth, or an imitation of a wolf's tribe in New South Wales
tooth made of bone and set in a ring. An- “break off a fragment of a crystal and cast it
other phase of the mythology of teeth is shown heavenward, enwrapping the rest of the crystal in
in the custom of the Indians of Equador, feathers. After immersing these with their enclo-
Mexico, and Central America of decorating sure in water and leaving them to soak for a while,
the teeth with precious stones, burial remains the whole is removed and buried in the earth, or
having been discovered with the teeth so hidden away in some safe place. The widely
decorated. "Among the Mayans here jadeite spread fancy that rock-crystal is simply congealed
seems to have been the stone principally of this stone as a rain maker."
water may have something to do with the choosing
favored for this purpose; while in Mexico
hematite has been met with in Oaxaca, tur-
Another ceremony shows the primitive rain
quoise in Vera Cruz, and at other places in
stone as influenced by Christian dogma.
the land rock-crystal and obsidian.” Thus
“ Stone crosses have sometimes been used as
from a point of view where the teeth were
rain-bringers, as in the case of one belonging to
considered so valuable as the magic reposi-
St. Mary's Church in the Island of Uist, one of
tory of the soul that they were knocked out drought prevailed here, the peasants would set up
the Outer Hebrides off the Scottish Coast. When
for safe keeping, we come to the stage where this cross, which usually lay flat on the ground, in
their value must be preserved by magic talis- the confident belief that rain would ensue. Of
mans; with intermediary phases, where an
course, sooner or later, it was sure to come, and
animal's tooth or an imitation of it takes the then the cross, having done its duty, was quietly
place of human teeth, or where a saint whose placed in its former horizontal position."
teeth had been sacrificed was especially gifted While the mysteries connected with such
in curing the toothache.
magic charms as teeth, ordinary stones, and
These are only a few facts, yet how much many other quite unromantic objects, cannot
they reveal of the processes by which a primi- | be explained without delving into primitive
«


612
(Dec. 23
THE DIAL
origins, it is quite comprehensible that an which sometimes were, sometimes were imag-
electric gem such as the tourmaline for exam- ined to have been, formed inside of human
ple should impress a primitive mind, as it does beings or animals, and all having magic sig-
our own, with the strangeness of its proper- nificance; stones which were sacred to the
ties. Here is an inorganic body in which the gods of various peoples, gems upon which
spirit can actually be awakened and made to angel figures are engraved, - until the reader
do things before our very eyes.
What Dr. feels as if wandering in some magnificent
Kunz has to say of the tourmaline comes treasure vault of ancient story, with freedom
under the head of fact rather than of magic. to take all he can carry away with him.
He tells us that the electrical quality of this Only a tiny handful has been carried away
stone was first noticed by some Dutch chil- and brought to notice by the present reviewer.
dren, who were puzzled to see bits of straw Every reader is therefore advised to go and
and ash attracted by some crystals of tourma- gather for himself in this treasure house of a
line that had been brought from the Orient.
virtuoso who, though he has not furnished a
A belief in the magic properties of amber, clue to the labyrinth, has surrounded every
not only as a curative agent, but as a gener- one of his gems with a halo of scientific and
ally helpful sort of object to have around, imaginative interest.
especially in the form of a necklace, goes The book is a large-sized quarto, beautifully
back at least to the days of Thales. Much printed on heavy paper, and is enriched with
interesting lore in regard to this stone, as
a generous supply of unusually satisfying
well as to another magnetic stone, the load- illustrations, some of them in color.
stone, has been collected by Dr. Kunz.
HELEN A. CLARKE,
The part played by precious stones in
magic lore is an infinitely varied one. Here,
beauty furnishes the mystery,-- a beauty
which "flashes its laugh at Time.” A spirit HISTORY AS IT IS POPULARIZED.*
locked up in a diamond might be expected
Between the professional historian and the
never to escape. Volmar, in his “Steinbuch,” irresponsible hack writer a great gulf is
after enumerating all the well known pre- fixed, and rightly so. But occasionally from
cious stones, proceeds to relate that
opposite sides of the chasm each attempts to
“ There is one which produces blindness, another
hurl a missile at his supposititious rival, -as
that enables the wearer to understand the lan-
guage of birds, still another that saves people effort seems to call for a rejoinder; although,
does the author of " The Road to Glory.” The
from drowning, and, finally, one of such sovereign
power that it brings back the dead to life. How- in the interchange, the provocative champion
ever, we are told that because of the miraculous is likely to go unscathed. Let us hope that
virtues of these stones God hides them so well that the innocent bystander, totally unconscious or
no man can obtain them.”
mildly curious, may be equally fortunate.
To this may be added the witness of Saint Mr. Powell complains that the highway of
Hildegard of Bingen, who wrote that “just history is altogether too dusty. Consequently
as a poisonous herb placed on a man's skin his “ road” must be liberally sprinkled with
will produce ulceration,” by an analogous blood. This remark is prompted by one of
though contrary effect, certain precious his recent letters from the war front. Evi-
stones, if placed on the skin, confer health dently he dotes on gory scenes, but his reader
and sanity by their virtue.” As Dr. Kunz is likely to become wearied with the excessive
observes, since the discovery of radium and carnage through which he is forced to wade.
its effect upon disease, it is quite believable The stone wall with its firing squad; the
that the numberless stories about the cura- deadly “storm of lead," spitting forth pro-
tive properties of stones, especially magnetic miscuously on the parched plains of the
stones, are based upon scientific fact.
Southwest (possibly in default of more wel-
The chapter about meteorites contains a come showers, but varied occasionally by a
mélange of science and myth, not in the least rain of arrows, javelins, and less familiar
welded together, but nevertheless full of in- weapons); the miasmatic swamp, tropical
teresting information. Other chapters deal jungle, savage-infested forest, and snow-clad
with “Fabulous Stones,” “Snake Stones and mountains, all of these afford an interest-
Bezoars,” and “ The Religious Use of Stones.” ing setting for Mr. Powell's glorious roadway.
In these chapters we may wander through a
But through frequent use in melodramatic
labyrinthine museum of stones and gems, offering, these properties have become taw.
among which we shall find stones that are
By E. Alexander Powell. Illus-
purely figments of the imagination; stones
>
# THE ROAD TO GLORY.
trated. New York : Charles Scribner's Sons.


1915)
613
THE DIAL
dry, and afford but poor disguise to the garments of fur and leather,” coonskin cap
author's sanguinary puppets.
and all, is an heroic figure; but he does not
His chief characters are indeed but pup- need a fanciful interview with President
pets, faintly suggesting the best creations of Tyler and Secretary Webster to establish this
Kipling or Stevenson, but more familiar in fact. Of course, such an interview affords a
the old time ten-cent “ thriller.” Witness his more dramatic climax to “the greatest ride”
“two gun men,” with bowie knives in their than a mere appearance before a missionary
teeth, exhibiting the filibuster in proper board. Accordingly our reporter, with a
aureole. But Mr. Powell would have us headline in mind, undeterred by an absolute
believe that such men won “three-fourths of lack of competent authorities, makes his story
the territory of the United States." They did correspond with his wishes. How difficult to
win for themselves and their countrymen a bury an historical legend, when it lies so con-
hatred and fear, mingled with contempt, that veniently near the pseudo-militant highway!
the Latin-American does not yet wholly con-
One hesitates to pursue
“ The Road to
ceal in his intercourse with their more cul- Glory” farther, although our guide promises
tured successors. They paved the way for strangely lurid stretches in Africa, Sumatra,
the later settlers of Texas much as the pesti- and Japan. The failure to maintain a proper
lence that preceded the coming of the Pil perspective nearer home casts doubt upon all
grims providentially favored the planting of his journeyings. With equal distrust we note
New England by ridding it of inharmonious that time and place mean little to him. Louisi-
natives. We do not deny that the era of the ana, the steamboat, and Texas are hopelessly
filibuster needs a more adequate treatment confused in chronology, and so are Nolan,
than any reputable historian has yet accorded Hidalgo, and their contemporaries of the first
it; but it also demands a more restrained chapter. The American people are noted for
judgment than the present work reveals. their rapid migrations, but two years is too
The same over-emphasis characterizes the short a time to introduce twenty thousand of
whole volume, and mingled with it is a prac- them into Texas, - even with the schooner on
tice even less praiseworthy. In the bath-tub the Gulf assisting the “prairie schooner" in
interview between Napoleon and his brothers, the process. Winter crops may concern the
Mr. Powell introduces Joseph's clenched fist, present residents of that commonwealth, but
although Henry Adams (his unnamed author- in 1835 they influenced the volunteers that
ity) does not confirm this little by-play. Mr. captured Bexar less than the Mexican consti-
Adams's pages, however, abundantly attest tution of 1824. It was in behalf of that docu-
the “Roadster's" diligence as a copyist, espe- ment, rather than for “the flag with a single
cially when describing the Indians of the star," that the defenders of the Alamo died.
Northwest. His propensity to exaggerate
te One can excuse Mr. Powell for not know-
again appears in the assertion that Harrison's ing the Salcedoes apart; but he ought at
encounter with the Indians on the Tippe- least to master the career of the Kempers,
canoe "started an avalanche which ended by and not put Calhoun, perforce, into hickson's
crushing Napoleon." The avalanche, really a cabinet. Some years ago, indeed, à well
tidal wave, was already started; but it would known and fairly constant Democratic candi-
be difficult to prove that our entire second date for the presidency urged the wisdom of
struggle with Great Britain greatly affected inviting the vice-president to confer with
its course, not to mention this minor frontier the cabinet. But the American people did
skirmish. Again Jackson, almost unaided, not then empower him to form one, and his
achieves (in these pages) the “conquest” of stormy patron saint of the earlier day cer-
the Floridas. We will not quarrel with Mr. tainly cherished no such intention to honor
Powell's use of the term to describe this his running mate. Incidentally we might
acquisition, but a more judicious view of the suggest to our chronicler that their estrange-
events leading up to it would include Jeffer- ment affords a good story; but in view of the
son, Madison, Monroe, and, above all, John present performance, we have no desire that
Quincy Adams.
he should undertake it. Avoiding diplomats
Our guide does not greatly fancy "suave on principle, we cannot expect him to be accu-
frock-coated diplomats,” and rightly assigns rate in regard to our affairs with Spain; but
them the lesser part in winning our national he should do better in respect to his filibuster-
domain; but he ignores these gentlemen in ing favorites.
“high black stocks" altogether too much. On We can also, with reason, ask our con-
the other hand, he errs as grievously in bring- ductor to pay more attention to his geogra-
ing his frontiersman into the diplomatic cir- phy. He should not, even for a "joy ride,
cle. Marcus Whitman, “in his worn and torn assemble "the Spanish Cortes in Mexico."


614
(Dec. 23
THE DIAL
are
even
Nor should he confuse Natchitoches with hope not. Had he called his volume “The
Natchez, for they mark separate stages in Paths of Glory” we might, for the nonce,
the advance of our frontier. "Tallahassee" quote Gray's famous line with more assur-
may be substituted for Pensacola, if necessary ance that another useless but harmful book
to change at least one word in a cribbed will speedily rest in the grave it deserves.
sentence; but it does not strengthen the
ISAAC JOSLIN Cox.
context, - largely derived, without any ac-
knowledgment whatever, from Henry Adams.
"Austin alone is confusing apart from the
“San Felipe" with which it was joined in
THE STORIED BUILDINGS OF VIRGINIA. *
early days; it does not designate the capital The colonial mansions of Virginia have fig-
on the Colorado. "Tohopeka” and “Horse ured in many books and have been the object
'
Shoe Bend” are joined on one page and sepa- of more than one special treatment, that of
rated on another, with some resulting confu- Mrs. Sale being hitherto the most complete.
sion.
A glance at the proper map would All of these yield in elaborateness and inter-
show “Palo Alto” and “Resaca de la Palma " est to Mr. Robert A. Lancaster's "Historic
on this side of the Rio Grande. Perhaps Virginia Homes and Churches," now pub-
Doniphan's “Thousand" marched six thou- lished in a limited edition.
”
The author's
sand miles, but their annalist does not clearly statement that his book includes a practically
show how he measures this extensive “Anaba- all the principal Colonial homes of historic
sis," nor does he substantiate his claim that it interest is scarcely an exaggeration, and
added a territory larger than the whole there
many relatively obscure
United States at that time. These few in-
These few in- houses from times considerably later than the
stances - and they form only a small part of colonial period. With its three hundred fine
the errors, in place as well as in date -- will illustrations from photographs, many of them
serve to show how little reliance is to be showing buildings now destroyed or altered, it
placed in the author's accuracy or honesty of forms a veritable corpus of Virginian archi-
purpose.
tecture.
But he has produced a readable book!
Among the many buildings here illustrated
“Solar plexus blows," "varsity football practically for the first time, one may note
”
team,' " "racing skull at Poughkeepsie," "accu-
especially Long Branch, Dover, and, above
racy of Matthewson across the plate," -- these all, Bremo, as superb examples of the Vir-
phrases are as familiar as they are likely to ginia mansion.
ginia mansion. The last especially, a joint
prove ephemeral. “Stealing candy from a product of the architectural genius of Jeffer-
child” will popularize almost any plagiarism. son and the solicitude of its owner, General
Perhaps the United States acquired Florida Cocke, deserves to be ranked with Westover,
in the manner that suggests the neatness Mount Airy, Mount Vernon, and Monticello
and dispatch of a meat-cutting machine,” but in skilful composition and beauty of aspect.
one times of these everlasting carnal similes.
A single very desirable addition to the list
They might be more bearable if one had confi- occurs to the reviewer,— Jefferson's own sec-
dence in their accuracy. But like the descrip- ond house at Poplar Forest, still standing,
tions of the battlefields that line his bloody unique in its octagonal form.
"Road," they are largely the product of a Since Mr. Lancaster is an officer of the
disordered imagination.
Virginia Historical Society, and has had the
In itself this inaccurate and thoroughly assistance of many of the foremost historical
reprehensible book is unworthy the attention workers in the state, his text might well be
we have given it. But it represents a certain expected to clear up many of the doubtful
type of pseudo-historical writing that cannot questions regarding the times when the houses
be too strongly condemned. With all his were built. There is in his pages, to be sure,
shortcomings, the “ dry-as-dust historian" has
a wealth of family history,—the descent of
no such misdemeanor as this to answer for. the estates is accurately traced, the names of
Nor are the publishers wholly guiltless, for the builders are given, and there is much
nearly every page exhibits manifest errors new material regarding the younger and
that cursory editorial supervision could easily smaller places. Of thorough-going research
check. Careless reviewing,- of which the into the origins of the older and greater
present writer has already noted some con- places, however, there is little. The often
spicuous, if respectable, instances,— may ob- repeated views and dates recur, in passages
tain for this book wider reading than it which the specialist readily recognizes as bor-
merits; but for the sake of Mr. Powell's
• HISTORIC VIRGINIA HOMES AND CHURCHES. By Robert A.
reputation as a war correspondent, let us
Lancaster, Jr. Illustrated. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
a


1915)
615
THE DIAL
us.
rowed word for word from earlier local works, but the first masterpiece of a long succession
even though the author has often neglected of books which began with the birth of some-
quotation marks and references. Mr. Lancas-body and ended at one place or another,
ter makes no attempt to give any sketch of usually marriage. Among them have been
the general development of Virginian archi- some of the best English novels, “David
tecture, for which he has furnished such rich Copperfield,” “Pendennis," "The Mill on the
material. Indeed, throughout the text, he is Floss."; and there are plenty more in other
less concerned with the buildings themselves literatures as well as English. But until
than with their occupants and associations. lately it has hardly been a favorite form with
It would have been interesting to trace the It certainly has some disadvantages for
gradual transformation of Virginia houses and the reader, in spite of what must be advan-
churches from the half-mediæval character of tage to the writer. It lacks the definite
the earliest examples to the neo-classic splen- impression that may be made by an abler han-
dors of Berry Hill and the Monumental dling of plot, although it does give one a wide
Church at Richmond. English styles had here range of opportunity and call for correspond-
their reflections,-clearly, as in the florid ing abilities.
Georgian of Westover, the strictly Palladian Mrs. Norris's “The Story of Julia Page"
of Mount Airy; more dimly in the delicate begins with Julia's very early days,- indeed
vernacular of Mount Vernon. With the inter- it begins with her mother before there was
vention of Jefferson, above all in the design of any Julia. It goes on, not until Julia had
,
the Capitol in Richmond, however, began a become as old as Robinson Crusoe, but to the
striving for something more universal, based point where she seemed to have got over the
directly on the scheme of the classic temple. main struggles of existence. For all this, there
In its literalness, as well as in its relation to may be very good reasons. Mrs. Norris may
the Roman cast of our early republicanism, have wished to show how a girl of poor begin-
this movement had aspects specifically Amer nings, who wanted to conquer, could conquer,
ican, and gave us, for more than a generation, and that in a fine way, a fine place in Amer-
a distinctively national architecture.
ican life. Or she may have wished to deal
The amateur and traveller, however, will with one of the curious phases of married
perhaps think that its very lacks are recom-
life, the effects of things done before mar-
mendations of the book, and will prefer it for riage. Or she may have thought it interest-
its bountiful garner of myths and anecdotes ing to present an example of the different
and its ante bellum flavor. The beauties, the standards by which people are likely to esti-
cavaliers, the ghosts of the old mansions are
mate certain of the shortcomings of men and
duly chronicled, and the reader is left to women. All these things she does, and to do
believe that Jefferson wrote the Declaration
them she needed no narrower field than she
at Rosewell or at Gunston Hall according to
has taken.
which he is visiting. Text and pictures alike It may be thought that she would have not
are pleasant to look over, and luxurious make-only hit the nail on the head but would have
up renders the volume an ideal possession driven it home more effectively had she con-
for any lover of colonial days in the Old fined her attention (and ours) to one matter,
Dominion.
FISKE KIMBALL.
and not have diffused both over so broad a
field. But it is likely to be the way of the
artist to get more interested in people than in
RECENT FICTION.
problems, and it is likely enough to have been
so with Mrs. Norris. At any rate, she has
There must be some great attraction in written an excellent book, full of very natural
writing an imaginative biography. Mr. Ben people of all sorts and also one rather un-
nett and Mr. Wells revived an interest in it natural one who by his eccentricity supplies
not long ago, and for the last few years they the possibility for what is presumably the
have had many followers. Of course the idea
main thing in the book.
is not new; "Robinson Crusoe," though we
”
Julia's husband suddenly deserts her. We
often do not remember it, begins at birth and
take the liberty to believe that his leaving his
only ends when Crusoe had got beyond the
probability of adventure. “ Tom Jones
wife is as much a matter of convention as his
coming back to her. But it takes all sorts of
* THE STORY OF JULIA PAGE. By Kathleen Norris. Illus- people to make up a world, and one need not
trated. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co.
THE BENT TWIG. By Dorothy Canfield. New York: Henry
deny the possibility of either. And if a young
doctor was so emotional a person as to do the
PETER PARAGON, By John Palmer. New York: Dodd, Mead
one thing, he would doubtless be quite emo-
was
Holt & Co.
& Co.


616
(Dec. 23
THE DIAL
>
tional enough to do the other. Only he prob- so much. Just as one of Smollett's heroes,
ably did more things of the same kind, so that Peregrine Pickle say, peregrinates through a
the story of Julia Page was not really over thousand pickles, so Miss Canfield can convey
when Mrs. Norris ceased to write. What we Sylvia through a perfect Odyssey of possi-
do have of it, however, is throughout good. bilities,- only whereas Smollett had merely
There are plenty of phases of life in it, some to allow his imagination to play about the
crude or slovenly, some refined and easy, some recollection of the violent practical jokes de-
a curious mixture, but all confidently and not lightful to the eighteenth century, Miss Can-
too minutely descriptive, giving an excellent field has to conceive the possible blind alleys
environment for many real people who do this in an easy luxurious life of to-day. She does
and that, have their own pleasure and busi- it, too; and if she does have a little of the
ness, and now and then touch on what are aloofness just mentioned, it is not wonderful.
called the deeper phases of life.
There is something about “culture” in Amer.
Miss Canfield, in "The Bent Twig," has as
,
ica, whether real or imaginary, that makes
broad a view, but is more original. Mrs. it impossible for people to take it quite seri-
Norris deals with matters one has heard of ously; it ought indeed to be worn lightly and
before,— rising in life, the double standard, humorously rather as a garment, with appre-
life before marriage, and so on, and deals ciation of its quality as a pose. Miss Canfield
with them sincerely and truly. Miss Canfield understands the whole thing; she is a little
presents new and unexpected ideas as she unpitying with the art she does not love, but
goes along, and as a rule something that she allows herself to be indulgent toward the one
,
has got out of life for herself. It is perhaps she does. That gives variety and charm to
rather conventional to pass from a State Uni- what is otherwise immensely able and living.
versity town in the middle west to country We will add no more encomiums, but they
life in the “cultured” east, and it certainly may readily be found in the advertisements,
was daring (even late Victorian) to go on which (for this occasion only) are quite
to dear Paris. But even the most original dependable.
themes come from the same old notes; and "Peter Paragon," by Mr. John Palmer, is
after all, people have to be somewhere. We not much like these two save in that it is the
are sorry she could not have left out Botti- story of a life. It is lighter in touch, for one
celli, but that's a detail.
thing. Mr. Palmer is content to sketch his
Miss Canfield has written a very fine book. background rather lightly, and gives no care-
At the beginning she appears particularly as ful pictures of the different phases of life
a very clear observer, if sometimes a bit cold through which Peter makes his way, or rather,
and even aloof and satirical. Her account of meanders about. He summarizes a good deal,
the democracy of the common schools would and is content to tell on in a general way how
teach more concerning that interesting topic things were without insisting on much detail.
than many textbooks. Her explanation of It is all done in a few touches, the family, the
why Sylvia was not elected to a fraternity is garden, school, Oxford, the farm, the country
a more incisive arraignment of college life house, London life — politics, theatre, and so
than one often hears in public. But these on, -- but of course a fine sketch is something
notes and much more in the earlier chapters worth while. And after all, it is only the
are preliminary to the actual work of the background that is sketched, doubtless of pur-
novelist, the work of following people here pose. Peter is more substantial, and so is his
and there in life and showing how it stirs mother. Nobody is very real, but they are
them.
real enough.
The book is called “The Bent Twig” be- Still, it is not a very adequate account of
cause it tells how Sylvia's education was the Peter's life. There must have been a great
result of her earlier life. She was born and deal that went to the making of him that we
brought up in what she subsequently called know nothing about, and that Mr. Palmer
an unworldly home, adding mistakenly that it does not care to tell us. He is intent on the
was artificial and a hothouse. Whatever it man only in the way he felt about woman.
was, she would not allow herself to be hypno- Peter was curiously fortunate in this respect,
tized into looking at things through their - after all, the thing is a love story, curiously
eyes; so she had to get her own education in conceived, with the two chief people seeing
her own way, and she did. But she turned nothing of each other most of the time. Peter
out much as her mother would have prophe- learned the theory of this very important.
sied, had she been given to prophecy.
delightful, and mysterious side of life in a
In such a book one sees and feels the attrac- very happy way. “At an age when the secrets
tion of the biography. It allows, it demands of life are the subject of uneasy curiosity at


1915)
617
THE DIAL
best, and at worst of thoughtless defamation, us the true form for this particular age of
Peter and Miranda talked of them as they ours,- certainly the great majority of the
talked of their bees." That seems nice, if best novels of recent years come to mind as
somewhat unusual. The practical part came we think of the matter. Perhaps the form
otherwise, — Peter had to learn that by him- calls for the greatest skill; certainly it gets it.
self, some of it at least, at Oxford, in the Yet one must acknowledge, too, that there
country, in London. Such learning might have are dangers as well as opportunities. There
been accomplished in various ways: Peter was is the temptation to lose all thought of what
again fortunate in having a very strong desire the academic mind calls a plot. “Real life
for nothing but the very best. He might have has no beginning and no end,” says Mr.
been satisfied with that enemy of the very Patrick MacGill, who cuts off "slices of life"
best, the good, or what seemed so, or even -(or something very like it; I quote from
with the bad. But he was not; he would have memory) — and whether that be so or not,
only the very best. It is a bit of idealism, such books as these are often mere collections
after all. Not that there are no such men. of human experience, moulded only in a very
There are, and it is well to hear of one of general way by any preconceived plan. The
them. Some people take the easier course, books we have been speaking of are undoubt-
and tell of more ordinary men. Peter was an edly modelled with care; Miss Canfield's espe-
idealist; he wanted to put his whole soul into cially carries us on and on with a sense of
his life, and that he could n't do, - until he necessity that tells finely. But a good many
could. To make that matter clear, Mr. Palmer of the novels of this kind that come readily
gives up everything else; there is not more to mind are by no means so definite. Mr.
plot than background, and what there is Lawrence's “Sons and Lovers” is a book
the return of Miranda is about as natural of real beauty, but I cannot easily see why it
and probable as the end of “The Vicar of begins where it does or ends where it does, or
Wakefield.”
why it has in it just what it has. Mr. Law-
Still, these matters (though proper to note) rence probably feels that it should have ex-
one can accept in such a book. For myself, actly what it has; but I (the average reader)
I cannot but feel how much more powerful the do not. So with Mr. Coningsby Dawson's
book would be if we had the whole thing fully “Garden without Walls," which also had
developed, as Mrs. Norris and Miss Canfield much that was beautiful in it. Why did it
have developed their ideas,- all the people have just what it had and nothing else? And
and places, all the detail, or rather not all the same thing may be asked of a hundred
but more than we have, a fuller and richer other books of later years.
picture. But that was not Mr. Palmer's way; But such talk of plot or story may seem
he is more delicate.
idle if the book be interesting. Mr. Wells
What variety of phases and forms of human says that "the assumption that the novel,
life and character such books give us! There like the story, aims at a single, concentrated
is no experience so strange and out of the way impression " is a “fallacy." I think not. I
or so common and well-known as not to find a think that a novel can make a great and last-
place somewhere. Our earlier novelists put ing impression, and sometimes does; and that
into such books all kinds of things that would in making such an impression construction
amuse, or charm, or please, or excite, or per- plays a great part. Hence we have from
haps merely relieve the tedium of labor or "Jane Eyre," for example, or “ The House of
existence. Our own writers use it also to Mirth," a certain intense experience of the
enlarge the sympathy and knowledge, to emotions that has few equals in the life of art.
arouse our thoughts in life, to suggest ways But this is no place to discuss such matters;
out of hard places, and for the hundred other
even lacking that fine impression, and the
things that have come into fiction as its field
story of a life generally does lack it, there
has grown. These books we have been speak is certainly much else that many people like
ing of are examples: they give not only the
just as well.
difficulties and adventures of manhood and
EDWARD E. HALE.
womanhood, but the griefs and joys and diffi-
culties of childhood and of youth; they give
not only life in one place but in different
“ Promotion of Learning in India" by Naren-
places, not only in one social surrounding but
dra Nath Law, with an Introduction by the Ven-
in others, for few lives are so monotonous as erable Walter K. Firminger, B.D., is announced
to pass always in the same surroundings, so
by Messrs. Longmans. The volume gives a con-
that the enlarging variety possible in other nected history of the educational activities of the
novels is necessary in this. Such novels give Europeans in India up to about 1800 A.D.


618
(Dec. 23
THE DIAL
faith in the things unseen shows itself here and
HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS.
there in her pages as something akin to spiritual-
III.
ism, need trouble only the carnally minded; it is
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
all beautiful and significant as she puts it before
us with a sort of noble unreserve. Should any
On the eighteenth of this month Dr. Lyman harsh critic of her book as a whole object that she
Abbott attained the age of eighty, and he looks had given us her best wine first, in her autobiog-
back upon sixty years' activity as preacher, editor, raphy, and that here we have little more than the
author, and lecturer. That period, rich in expe- rinsings of the bottle, her admirers might fitly
rience and teeming with associations of many retort, “Is not the gleaning of the grapes of
kinds, furnishes matter for a goodly volume of Ephraim better than the vintage of Abiezer ? "
five hundred pages, with the little distinctive but
The “ Heroes of the Nations " series (Putnam),
always alluring title, “Reminiscences” (Hough-
a venture which for some time has provided an
ton). The son of Jacob Abbott, familiar to our
childhood by reason of his “Rolló Books” and his
ever-growing collection of scholarly and readable
“Lucy Books,” and the nephew of John
S. c. biographies of the more prominent characters of
history, seems to have come to a close. Two recent
Abbott, dear to our somewhat later years because
biographical studies, “ Alfred the Truthteller" by
of his entrancing “History of Napoleon Bona-
Miss Bertha Lees, and “Isabel of Castile” by
parte," the author of these retrospections cannot
fail to appeal to our interest, and his chapters are
Miss Ierne Plunket, which seem to have been origi-
indeed of that anecdotal, genially personal, ripely in a somewhat different form and without the
nally planned for this series, have been published
reflective, and, not least of all, moralizing and ser-
serial title. The new volumes are larger and more
monizing quality which was looked for with confi-
dent expectation. Men and events of importance
attractive, and have no footnotes; otherwise the
contents are of the same general type as in the
are introduced in every chapter, and the whole is
earlier volumes. Miss Plunket's biography of
a thesaurus of variously interesting reading. Por-
traits and other illustrations abound, and an un-
Queen Isabel is in every way worthy of a place in
any series that aims to record the achievements of
usually full index closes the book.
foreword” to his “ Memories of India"
great men and women. Isabel of Castile is a per-
In a
son of great importance not only for the history
(David McKay), Sir Robert Baden-Powell, dis-
tinguished military officer and head of the Boy marriage to Ferdinand of Aragon made possible
of Spain but of the modern world as well. Her
Scout Movement, says: “Perhaps the only re-
the creation of the Spanish monarchy, which for
deeming point about these · Memories' is that they
hundred years was the greatest power in the world.
are largely extracted from diaries and letters which
The subject of Isabella's career is one that readily
were not written with the idea of anyone ever see-
lends itself to eulogistic treatment; but the author
ing them except my mother. To some extent they
cannot be charged with having given the strenuous
tell directly against me, since they show me to
have been just the ordinary silly young ass who
queen greater praise than her deeds have earned
for her. Forty-five excellent illustrations, chiefly
enjoyed senseless ragging, was fond of dogs and
horses, and thought very little as he went through portraits, and a map of the Spanish peninsula in
the fifteenth century, add materially to the inter-
the ordinary every-day experience of a subaltern
est and value of the work.
in India. There is nothing very romantic or very
exciting about them, and there is much that is
Good company and good anecdotes are to be
silly, but at the same time such things have, I
found in plenty between the covers of Mr. Alfred
think, seldom been set down in writing just as they Capper's reminiscent volume, “A Rambler's Recol-
occurred to one at the time." But one must not
lections and Reflections" (Scribner). For thirty
be led astray by this English air of ostentatious
us years and more Mr. Capper has been a public
irresponsibility; for the young officer was evi- entertainer, and has appeared as such before most
dently doing a lot of hard working and clear of the royalties of Europe, not to mention the
thinking all the time. The topics treated range nobility, gentry, and common people. He is a
from "The Afghan War" to "Lemon Pudding thought-reader, and though he confesses he does
and Mustard," through every conceivable inter- not know how he does them, he has the reputation
mediary subject. The author has a vivacious pen, of doing some very extraordinary things at his
and the ubiquitous black-and-white illustrations entertainments, about which and about the cele-
bear witness to a ready and gifted pencil, as do brated men and women he has met in his profes-
the eighteen colored plates also.
sional journeyings he writes in a manner that few
In her eighty-fifth year Mrs. Amelia E. Barr will fail to find interesting. His reminiscences are
publishes the reflections and counsels and placid of the sort that the late Marshall P. Wilder and
retrospections of her serene old age, under the Mr. Weedon Grossmith have so successfully
title, “Three Score and Ten” (Appleton). Why offered to their willing readers. The author's por-
she did not make it “ Four Score and Five" she trait and other illustrations are inserted.
does not explain, but the book supplements her The reader of Mr. Poultney Bigelow's “Prussian
recent autobiography in a manner very acceptable Memories" (Putnam) might be tempted to accuse
to those interested in her spiritual experiences as the author of discursiveness, were it not that the
distinguished from the more stirring outward latter has disarmed such criticism by a frank
events of her busy and fruitful life. That her avowal of his intention to be garrulous. His book


1915]
619
THE DIAL
is disjointed, gossippy, at times irrelevant, but (Doubleday), a spacious octavo illustrated by Mr.
altogether delightful. Mr. Bigelow has that proper Walter Hale in his well-known skilful and attrac-
sense of humor which consists in seeing things tive manner, and conducting the reader to haunts
(including one's self) in their true proportions. of Stevenson in“ Edinburgh, the rest of Scot-
Though he is a cosmopolitan globe-trotter, who has land, England, France, the rest of Europe, the
lived long in Germany and loved it, he acknowl- United States." To Vailima and his death-bed the
edges that the English-speaking world is his home. author does not follow his hero, honestly con-
Mr. Bigelow's acquaintance with Prussia began in fessing that he has not pursued that trail, but
1864, when at eight years of age he was put into holding out hope that "some day we may see the
a boarding-school at Bonn. His friendship with Isle of Upolu arising from the sea.” It is a good
William II was formed a little later, when the book with which to refresh one's memory of
boys became playmates at Potsdam; it lasted until R. L. S., his rather erratic journeyings, and his
the publication in 1896 of Mr. Bigelow's “ History | lovable eccentricities.
of the German Struggle for Liberty," which gave That enthusiastic admirer of and writer on the
offence to the imperial family pride and self- scenic attractions of our great country, Mr. George
esteem. The sprightly character of these remi- Wharton James, again asks his readers to enjoy
niscences is greatly enhanced by the author's with him some of these marvels, in a richly illus-
pungent style.
trated volume entitled “ Our American Wonder-
Fishing and finance, chasing the elusive dollar lands” (McClurg). His purpose, he explains, is,
in Wall Street and the wild buffalo on the western “ briefly and vividly, without entering into too
plains, amassing and losing successive fortunes, much detail, to give the reader living glimpses of
and between whiles yielding to the call of the
what America offers of antiquarian, scenic, geologic,
wild — such have been the lifelong activities of and ethnologic interest.” Mountain scenery, natu-
Mr. Anthony W. Dimock, as narrated by him with ral bridges, stupendous glaciers, thundering cas-
much vivacity in “Wall Street and the Wilds” cades, prehistoric cliff dwellings, giant trees, native
(Outing Co.). Between a New England boyhood tribes and their tribal customs, with much else that
as the son of a country parson, and the vicissi- cannot possibly be seen from a car-window, are
tudes of a Wall Street financier dealing in millions
described and pictured in this alluring volume,
and controlling steamship companies and telegraph which the author rightly thinks ought just at this
lines, the contrast is sharp enough to satisfy any-
time, when Europe is so largely closed to the tour-
body; and indeed the whole story is one of ups
ist, to exert an influence in making Americans see
and downs, varied by the wholesome delights of
America first. A useful map showing the regions
life in the open. It is a remarkable record and
described covers the end-leaves, the camera views
an absorbingly interesting one, enlivened to the are nearly half as many as the pages of the book,
eye by numerous camera views, some of them the and an index is added. Mr. James's especial fit-
product of the author's own skill as a photog-
ness for the preparation of such a volume has
rapher, in which capacity he is said to have been already been more than once demonstrated.
the first to achieve success in photographing live Like a piece of time-worn tapestry, tattered and
wild animals.
faded, and here and there showing the stitches of
A distinguished Vermonter, son and grandson an attempted restoration, but a thing of wonder-
of eminent Vermonters, is introduced to the reader ful beauty nevertheless, Mrs. Elizabeth W. Champ-
in the “Life, Diary, and Letters of Oscar Lovell ney's “ Romance of oíd Belgium " pleases at the
Shafter, Associate Justice Supreme Court of Cali- same time that it awakens regrets. Its sub-title,
fornia, January 1, 1864, to December 31, 1868." “From Caesar to Kaiser,” indicates the scope of
The book is further described as "a daughter's
a daughter's the work. From dim antiquity it comes down to
tribute to a father's memory," and is "edited for our own day when, as the writer phrases it, we
Emma Shafter-Howard by Flora Haines Lough- “ tread the trail of the Devastating Hun,' and
ead.” The subject of the biography was born in look upon the results of his appalling world
1812 and died in 1873, so that to younger readers
crime.' 39 Ninety illustrations - buildings, ruins,
this chronicle will seem almost like ancient his- portraits, paintings- enrich the volume, which
tory. But it is related almost wholly in the first also draws upon many historical and literary
person, and hence is not without vitality. A long sources for its substance. A collaborator, named
list of " decisions written by Judge Shafter" is on the title-page as Frère Champney, has assisted
appended. Portraits and other illustrations are Mrs. Champney in her work, which is by no means
interspersed. Mr. John J. Newbegin of San Fran- the first of the sort from her prolific pen. One
cisco publishes the book.
cannot turn her pages and look at the accompany-
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
ing pictures without praying with her that “
federation of the world shall establish a universal
Certain recent events, as the erection of a Ste- republic, which will make the Game of Kings
venson memorial at Saranac, and the death of forever impossible.”
Dr. Trudeau, Stevenson's physician at that resort Miss Gertrude H. Beggs's “ The Four in Crete"
of consumptives, have directed public attention (Abingdon Press) is the account of a visit from
once more to the meteoric course of that rare Athens to the sites of ancient Ægean civilization
genius during his too-short sojourn on our planet. at Knossos, Phaistos, and Hagia Triada. The
Seasonable, therefore, is the appearance of Mr. four” are The Western Woman," “ The Sage,"
Clayton Hamilton's “On the Trail of Stevenson “ The Scholar,” and “The Coffee Angel.” The
8


620
(Dec. 23
THE DIAL
Scholar's informal and edifying discourses among
the less of interest and value to collectors of
the ruins give the book its body, whose naked use- “ Americana.” Such chapters are those on Duncan
fulness is partially covered and more or less Phyfe's furniture, on Windsor chairs, clocks made
adorned with the narrative of such light adventure by famous clock-makers in Connecticut and else-
as is usual to travellers in company by sea and where, Stiegel's glassware, the silver ware of Paul
land in Mediterranean regions." The Four in Revere, the work of the pewterers and braisiers,
Crete” is like other double-purpose books: both and the Bennington pottery; all of these contain
its purposes suffer from the combination. It is references to existing collections, warnings to col-
neither the best entertainment nor the best instruc- lectors regarding counterfeits, and advice as to
tion. However, it affords the general reader an prices. The volume is profusely illustrated with
easy and pleasant, if somewhat slight, means of photographic reproductions, chiefly of articles of
becoming acquainted with the work of Evans and craftsmanship; and in addition there are charm-
Halbherr at their respective sites, and with the ing little drawings at the beginning and end of
very interesting life which their discoveries have each chapter.
brought to light. The thirty-one illustrations, Even to an unmusical person Mr. Arthur Elson's
chiefly from “ The Western Woman's” camera, are encyclopædic work, “ The Book of Musical Knowl-
very good.
edge” (Houghton), is intelligible and interesting
Languorous delights are by no means the sum It devotes itself to "the history, technique, and
and substance of Mr. A.' Hyatt Verrill's book, appreciation of music, together with lives of the
“ Isles of Spice and Palm” (Appleton). He great composers,” is well illustrated, and runs to
maintains that the Lesser Antilles, which are the the length of six hundred large pages. In the
spicy and palmy islands referred to, are more author's words, it “ has been written with the idea
bracing in their summer temperature, especially of enabling the non-musician to comprehend the
among the mountains of the interior, than are real meaning of the tonal art, and to familiarize
many of our northern towns, as of course they are himself with the value of the great composers'
milder in winter and of a more equable tempera- works, the use of the instruments, the various
ture at all times. How to enjoy oneself sanely and musical forms, and a number of subjects of similar
inexpensively in one or more of the crescent of importance." 'Appended are a glossary of musical
islets stretching from Porto Rico to Venezuela is terms, “ a course of study, with references," and a
agreeably told, with liberal accompaniment of full index. So comprehensive and popularly use-
illustrations, in this compact volume. Seventy ful a work of this sort, in a single volume, has
pages or more of " facts and figures," alphabeti- not, to our knowledge, ever before appeared in
cally arranged, form a useful appendix, while the English.
general information scattered through the book is
Such thoroughly Japanese arts as
not inconsiderable.
arrangement and tea-ceremony are so strange to
“Kipling's India," by Dr. Arley Munson, is the western world that no little curiosity moves us
exactly the inviting sort of book implied by the as we open Miss Mary_Averill's lavishly illus-
title. There are forty-five excellent photographic trated book on “ The Flower Art of Japan
illustrations, with two hundred pages of text giv- (Lane), a companion volume to her recent
ing the passages from Kipling associated with the “ Japanese Flower Arrangement," or, perhaps bet-
scenes depicted. The volume will make many read- ter, a continuation of that work. There seem to
ers keen to return to their Kipling, and has helped be countless schools of this floral art, though that
to make at least one reviewer keen to return to called “Ikenobu," dating back twelve hundred
India. The publishers (Doubleday, Page & Co.) years, is the one in highest favor. So, at least, we
have given the book a handsome setting.
infer from the book before us; and it is to this
ART AND MUSIC.
school and one other, “ Ko-Shin-Ryu," that Miss
Averill says she owes her greatest inspiration. A
The point of view of Mr. Walter A. Dyer in his
skilful artist, not named but evidently Japanese,
Early American Craftsmen (Century
has given liberal assistance in making intelligible
Co.) is that of the collector of antiques who has
to the reader the fundamentals of flower-arrange-
yielded to the reaction towards “ Americana” and
ment.
interest in the things produced in the western
There are seventy-five illustrations, of
world a century and more ago. His expressed
which one is in color.
intention is to study the crafts of those days
One hundred and ten grand operas, including, it
through the craftsmen who produced the notable is alleged, all that have been presented in the last
work of the period. It is a valuable service that five seasons in the four opera centres of the east-
Mr. Dyer has performed in rescuing from oblivion ern United States - New York, Chicago, Phila-
such men as Samuel McIntire, the master carpen- delphia, and Boston
delphia, and Boston - and also half a dozen whose
-
ter of Salem; Duncan Phyfe, the cabinet-maker; revival or first production in this country is an-
and the so-called "Baron ” Stiegel, maker of beau- nounced for the coming season, are given in out-
tiful glass in the Revolutionary period. Of espe- line by Miss Edith B. Ordway in “The Opera
cial interest is the record of the many-sided Book (Sully & Kleinteich). The story of each
interests of Paul Revere, and of the contribution is told act by act, each is characterized as tragic,
which he made to our industrial art history. If Mr. comic, fairy, allegorical, sentimental, or heroic;
Dyer loses sight of the individual craftsmen in but all are classed under “grand” opera inasmuch
some of the other chapters, these latter are none as every word is sung and the recitative is usually
as flower-
book on
66


1915)
621
THE DIAL
wla
1TUk
FRI
ture"
ht
pa
accompanied by the orchestra. Useful and care- Striking in its title and thought-evoking in its
fully verified data are given (not is given, as the contents, Mr. Stephen Graham's latest book, “ The
preface announces) under each title, portraits of Way of Martha and the Way of Mary” (Macmil-
famous singers in costume are inserted, a list of lan) is characterized by him as “ an interpretation
composers is added, and welcome aids to the pro- and a survey of Eastern Christianity, and a con-
nunciation of foreign names find a place both in sideration of the ideas at present to the fore in
the body of the book and in the concluding index. Christianity generally."
Christianity generally.” It is also, as its name
MISCELLANEOUS.
implies, a book of contrasts: the way of Martha
he considers to be the way of the West, that of
Unique in every aspect among the season's gift- Mary the way of the East. By the East the author
books is a thin quarto entitled - The Ballet of the means preëminently Russia. In Russia, which he
Nations” (Putnam), by the distinguished writer knows as few Englishmen know that country, his
known as Vernon Lee." Described on the title- book seems to have been written, and it contributes
page as “a present-day morality," the text is a not a little to our knowledge of things Russian.
powerfully caustic allegory in which the Great Its breadth of view may be illustrated by this
War is presented as a grand ballet, staged by utterance, with which the volume closes : “ So two
Death, with Satan for impresario. The orchestra churches combine to make one truth, and the hand-
is first assembled. Fear, with “her shabby rest-
maidens of the Lord, Martha and Mary, are shown
less twins," Suspicion and Panic, take their places; to be indeed two sisters, not only in kindred but
my Lady Idealism and my young Prince Adven- in spirit.”
are next induced to join; Sin, whom the Twenty-two years ago Mrs. William Starr
gods call Disease," with her attendant crew of Dana rendered a service to American flower-lovers
Rapine, Lust, Murder, and Famine, are not who were not also expert botanists by issuing a
long in following; and next come Hatred with manual that has since been taken as a model by
Self-Righteousness, “who pretend not to be many successful imitators of Mrs. Dana's method.
acquainted.” Two late-comers, Madam Science and “ Wild Flowers of the North American Moun-
Councillor Organization, at first taken by Ballet- tains” (McBride), by Mrs. Julia W. Henshaw, is
Master Death for alien spies, are soon recognized the latest successor to “How to Know the Wild
as indispensable collaborators. Lastly appears Flowers," its arrangement of the flowers in color-
Heroism, the foremost musician of them all. The groups, its preliminary aids, its index to scientific
nations then assemble, and to the compelling pames, and its list of common names, all being
strains of the orchestra of human passions they very much in the manner of that pioneer work.
begin their wild dance, in which they mutilate and But it should be added in its praise that it goes a
dismember one another. As their efforts flag step further: it has many strikingly beautiful
through exhaustion, Impresario Satan cunningly colored plates in addition to the simple half-tones,
introduces two fresh musicians, Pity and Indigna- and it devotes forty-four pages to a “general key
tion, whose stirring notes revive the dancers to a to the families.” The ferns and fern-allies, the
new and madder frenzy of mutual extermination. trees, and the reeds, grasses, sedges, and rushes are
This is only the baldest outline of what is truly a
taken up before the more important and more
masterpiece of satiric allegory. The very essence
numerous flowering plants proper, these last, as
of the present war, stripped of its cloak of surface already indicated, being roughly grouped accord-
appearances and befuddling sophistries, is here ing to color for the convenience of the laity. It is
presented. A fitting and artistic“ pictorial accom-
a valuable supplement, with some inevitable over-
paniment” is provided by Maxwell Armfield in a
lappings, to earlier works of like character; and
series of decorative page borders, printed in red,
within its own domain it can well stand alone on
and done in the manner of old Greek vase paint-
its peculiar merits.
ings. There is a striking cover design as well.
Few have practised more industriously or suc-
Camera views, some in color, of notable private cessfully than Mr. Clifton Johnson the art of
gardens in many parts of our broad land make up
interviewing our country folk and reproducing the
the bulk of Miss Louise Shelton's sumptuous
results in literary form, as is abundantly shown in
“ Beautiful Gardens in America” (Scrib-
his series of American travel books. Now he offers
quarto,
ner). Vancouver Island, just beyond our border,
fresh proof of his skill by bringing forth a vol-
is represented by two illustrations, and even
ume of eye-witness accounts, taken for the most
Alaska has a brief chapter to itself, though no
part from the lips of rustic narrators on or near
the scene of action, of “Battleground Adventures
Alaskan gardens find place - among the pictures.
in the Civil War” (Houghton), a book that will
Imitations of European horticultural formalism, appeal strongly to boys and also to many older
heavily adorned with marble or other stone con-
readers, especially those whose recollections go
structions, have been for the most part excluded back to war times. His quest for original material
from the book, which is designed “ to present, more has taken him to Harper's Ferry, Bull Run, Shiloh,
particularly, another type of garden, demonstrat- Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Vicksburg,
ing the cultured American's love of beauty ex- Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Missionary
pressed through plant life rather than in stone."
Ridge, the Wilderness, Cold Harbor, Atlanta, and
The garden as expressive of personality has been the Shenandoah Valley. Aged men and women,
the quest of the compiler, and a good measure of white and black, have been called upon to revive
success has attended her search.
their memories of the great conflict of half a cen-
boy
7. .
ܬܽ
»
JE
21
***


622
(Dec. 23
THE DIAL
tury ago; and if it be true that nothing so con-
duces to peace as a full recognition of the horrors
, the book is a at
narrator of "A Year in a Coal Mine," and this
second essay in the romance of industry will not
.
season Mr. Rodney Thomson vividly illustrates it He who seeks to array his soul, as Plato ex-
with colored drawings.
presses it, in her own proper jewels, which are
With the new year it will be half a century since temperance, justice, courage, nobility, and truth,
« The Dream of Gerontius came from Cardinal
will find help in Dr. Elwood Worcester's little
Newman's hand, a noble poem barely saved from book, “ The Issues of Life" (Moffat). Nine years'
the waste-paper basket by a discerning intercessor, experience in watching the moral and physical
as the perhaps mythical account of its origin would regenerative effects of high thinking has qualified
have us believe. Fitting enough is it, at any rate, the author to speak with understanding and per-
that the poem should have a semi-centennial re- suasiveness on such topics as the following (from
issue in worthy form, and this re-issue is to be the book's table of contents): “ Keeping Our
noted among the season's publications of the John Hearts,” “ Thought and Work," " The Loneliness
Lane Co. Miss Stella Langdale illustrates the vol- of the Soul," "Revelations," “Our Spiritual
ume with ten drawings that well reflect the senti- Faculties,” and “Religion and Neglect.” To all
ment of the poem, and Mr. Gordon Tidy writes a devout souls the essence of religion is the same;
bibliographic and appreciative introduction that hence the cordial assent which thousands of read-
fills half the book. It is safe to say that no pre- ers of nominally different creeds will be able to
vious edition of this fine product of Newman's give to the truth stated with the force of personal
genius can compare with the present one.
experience by the Rector of Emmanuel Church.
Lincoln's lyceum lecture of 1860 on “ Discoveries Three hundred and sixty-five little sermons, each
and Inventions,” a discourse delivered by him in a page long or less, and each assigned to a par-
various places about Springfield, Illinois, and in ticular day of the year, with a bit of verse instead
Springfield itself, a short time before his call to of a sermon for Christmas, make up the contents
far more arduous duties than lecturing to rural of the gift-book entitled "Every Day" (American
audiences, is now for the first time made into a Tract Society), by Mr. Edgar Whitaker Work.
book all by itself and offered for sale by Mr. Each discourse is headed by a scriptural quotation
John Howell of San Francisco. Its interest for from which it takes its keynote, and the admirable
us now lies chiefly in its revelation of its writer's quality of brevity, of pithy compactness, marks
range of reading and inquiry, in the proof it offers
every one of these sermonettes.
of his debt to the Bible for both thought and lan-
An anthology of dog poetry — not doggerel, but
guage, and in its excellence as an example of his
metrical compositions on dogs — thirty-two selec-
clear and simple and at the same time sufficiently
ornate, sufficiently picturesque mode of expression.
tions in all, by Sir Walter Scott, Lord Byron,
A “prefatory note” gives the interesting history
Matthew Arnold, Richard Watson Gilder, Louise
Imogen Guiney, and later writers, has been com-
of the original manuscript of this lecture, and from
piled by Mr. Lincoln Newton Kinnicutt, and enti-
that manuscript the lecture is printed.
tled “ To Your Dog and to My Dog” (Houghton).
Mr. Ian Hay, or, to be accurate, Captain Tan Fine linen paper, broad margins, frequent blank
Hay Beith of the Argyll and Sutherland High- pages for the insertion of additional poems, a
landers, wrote not very long ago some lifelike space reserved on the cover for the portrait of
sketches of schoolboy life for “Blackwood's Maga- one's own dog -- these and other material details
zine,” and they are now gathered into a book and combine to make the volume pleasing to the eye
named, collectively, " The Lighter Side of School and acceptable to the book-lover. A preface to
Life.” Mr. Lewis Baumer furnishes a dozen good the “ dear dogs” explains the compiler's purpose
pastel drawings, here reproduced in color, to ac- and shows him to be a discerning appreciator of
company the tales or sketches, and the whole makes
canine excellence.
an excellent contribution to a class of literature
A group of little books more or less appropriate
that has been deservedly popular ever since Tom
to the Christmas season, and all suitable as Christ-
Brown of Rugby came into being. This book is
mas gifts, must here be noticed with extreme brev-
published in America by Mr. LeRoy Phillips of
Boston. It is a good gift-book for young or old.
ity. Mr. Harold Speakman illustrates in color and
decorates in gilt “ The First Christmas” (Abing-
In the cab of a monster express engine, amid the don Press), being the scriptural account of the
glare and heat and din of a steel foundry, at the birth of Christ. The book is a little gem of art,
side of a leviathan of the deep just starting down beautifully printed and pleasing in every respect.-
the ways, in the power-house of a great electric “ The Glad Hand, and Other Grips on Life"
plant, on the dizzy staging of a skyscraper in (McClurg), by Mr. Humphrey J. Desmond, com-
course of construction, and in divers other more or bines the cheeriness expected and desired at this
less perilous and exciting positions, Mr. Joseph season with the reflective wisdom welcome at all
Husband has gathered the material for his times. Its arrangement is by non-consecutive
“ America at Work " (Houghton), a realistic paragraphs grouped under nine headings, sugges-
presentation of the toils and struggles and dangers tive of the “infinitely repellent particles" of
of men who wrestle with the forces not only of Emerson's essays.-A diverting little book has been
nature, but of nature and human inventiveness made by Mr. Laurens Maynard in the shape of a
combined. The author will be remembered as the collection of poems having to do with evolution.
"
>


1915)
623
THE DIAL
66
66
>
“ Evolution: A Fantasy," by Mr. Langdon Smith, readers will wish there were more. Scally is por-
opens the book and gives it its title; and this trayed in the frontispiece.- An animal story of a
familiar skit (it begins,“ When you were a tad- different sort, entitled “ The Little Red Doe"
pole and I was a fish ") is followed by a variety (Little, Brown & Co.), by Mr. Chauncy J. Haw-
of verses, both frolicsome and serious, by various kins, gives us the life and doings and pathetic
authors. (John W. Luce & Co.).- Cupid's death of a very ingratiating creature of the Maine
Capers" (Dutton) is a book of rollicking verse by forest, with excellent pictures by Mr. Charles Cope-
Miss Lillian Gardner, illustrated in color, and land. Rough lumbermen are softened by their
amusingly descriptive of the pleasures and pains feeling for the little red doe, and gallantly resolve
of love.- Mrs. Helen S. Woodruff's Christmas to avenge her death; whereby hangs a tale too
story is this year entitled “Mr. Doctor Man" long to be given here.- Mrs. Mary Raymond Ship-
(Doran), being the tale of a philanthropic physi- man Andrews's war story, The Three Things,”
cian who, after years of unselfish service, finds his having won success in less permanent shape, now
old sweetheart, and all ends happily. A winsome comes out in book form from the publishing house
child patient plays a leading part in the little of Little, Brown & Co. Class pride, unbelief, and
drama, and it is for the benefit of children's hos- race prejudice were the three things not quite as
pitals that the book is written and published.- they should have been in the hero, Philip Landi-
ã The Folly of the Three Wise Men” (Doran), by cutt, who however had such passionate pity for the
Mr. Edgar Whitaker Work, is a variant of the oppressed that he threw himself into the struggle
familiar legend of the following of the star to find for Belgium's emancipation, and there lost his
the new-born Messiah. Because these wise men class pride, his unbelief, his race prejudice. Other
were too eager in their pursuit to pause even for events, too, enrich the story, which furthermore has
the simplest offices of charity they nearly failed in the merit of brevity, being but little more than
their quest; but the appeal of a forlorn little fifty pages in length.— «Robin the Bobbin "
shepherd boy, lost and hurt, saves them. The (Harper), by a writer designated as “ Vale Dow-
story is illustrated and decorated.— A love story nie,” is the story of a blind piano-tuner, an elderly
of the Kansas prairie is well told by Miss Mar- and (wonderful to relate) rich inventor, a boy,
garet Hill McCarter in “ The Corner Stone” Tom Bunting, who turns out to be the lost Robin,
(McClurg), in which Edith Grannell and Homer and a few other characters. The mystery and the
Helm seem fair in each other's eyes and, after cer- interest centre themselves in the boy Tom, and of
tain difficulties and misunderstandings have been course all is cleared up in the end, and everyone is
overcome and cleared away, are happily wedded. happy. Two pictures enliven the narrative.
The little book is daintily decorated, has a colored New England stories are almost invariable favor-
frontispiece, and is artistically boxed.-“Into His ites with readers, provided they are well told, and
Own" (McKay) is a dog story by Mr. Clarence it is safe to predict that “Blue Gingham Folks "
B. Kelland, who follows the fortunes of a thor- (Abingdon Press), by Miss Dorothy Donnell Cal-
oughbred Airedale from a despised puppyhood to houn, will receive the appreciation it deserves. It
an honored maturity, telling the tale in the first is a collection of Yankee tales, character sketches
person, from the dog-hero's point of view. It is a they might perhaps better be called, with a flavor
touching story, well told, and adorned with the that is genuinely New England. Local dialect
Airedale's portrait, photographed from life.- A abounds, and a few drawings help to make the
pathetic tale in dialect, with title in dialect, reader better acquainted with the various person-
When Hannah Var Eight Yar Old” (Stokes), ages of the book. In “ The Heart of Lincoln”
is told by Mrs. Katherine Peabody Girling. Han- (Jacobs) we have a series of more or less authen-
nah, a Swedish girl, is made to describe her hard tic anecdotes and reminiscences concerning the
experiences during her mother's illness and after War President. They illustrate the warmth and
her death, in the home country, before Hannah, tenderness of his feelings, and make him a very
"a big girl eight yar old,” came to America. It human, very lovable person. Mr. Wayne Whipple
is a story of humble heroism that goes to the read- is the compiler, and an unnamed artist supplies a
er's heart. Illustrations and decorations increase portrait of Lincoln.—“ Jimsy the Christmas Kid"
its attractiveness to the eye.—“ The Man Who (McBride) is a typical Christmas tale. In it Miss
Was Too Busy to Find the Child” (Abingdon Leona Dalrymple relates the adventures of a waif
Press), by Mr. Lucius H. Bugbee, is the story of who wins the hearts of a crusty bank-president and
Ben David, who was blind and deaf to his blessed his amiable wife, and is finally received into the
opportunities until, on the very day of the cruci- family as a permanent resident. The little volume
fixion, he awoke to a sense of his obtuseness. The is attractively illustrated and beautifully decorated.
obvious moral stands out clearly. Two illustra- – Mr. Irvin S. Cobb, home from the war and
tions are inserted, and an ornamental paper cover temporarily out of more thrilling themes, turns to
encloses the score of pages containing the story.- amusing account his attack of appendicitis and the
Captain Ian Hay Beith, better known as Ian Hay, operation therefor. “ Speaking of Operations
chronicles the history of “Scally” (Houghton), (Doran) makes the most of the rather abundant
which is sub-titled “The Story of a Perfect Gen- opportunity for sarcastic and facetious comment
tleman.” Excalibur is the full name of the hero, that is offered to a shrewdly observant surgical
who is a dog, snatched from a watery grave in patient in an up-to-date hospital; and it does so
puppyhood. His memorable deeds, with a love- with the help of illustrations almost as provocative
story interwoven, fill nine short chapters, and many of smiles as is the little story itself.
»


624
(Dec. 23
THE DIAL
NOTES.
The author discusses, among other problems, “ The
Law of Strife and the Ideal of Peace," “ The
" The Note-Book of a Neutral," by Mr. Joseph Moral and Religious Issues," and "Natural Law
Medill Patterson, is announced for immediate pub- and Creativeness.”
lication by Messrs. Duffield.
Among the elaborately illustrated gift-books of
“ Justice in War Time," by Mr. Bertrand Rus- the season are the following, published by Messrs.
sell, is a volume promised for early publication by
“ Picture Book for the French Red
the Open Court Publishing Co.
Cross,” illustrated in color by Mr. Edmund Dulac,
A new novel by Mr. Henry Kitchell Webster, with verses translated from the Old French and
entitled “ The Real Adventure," is scheduled for tales from the “ Arabian Nights”; “Rabbi Ben
early issue by the Bobbs-Merrill Co.
Ezra, and Other Poems from Robert Browning,"
“The Stranger's Wedding" is the title of a
illustrated by Mr. Bernard Partridge; and “The
forthcoming novel by Mr. W. L. George, which
Book of Old English Songs and Ballads," illus-
Messrs. Little, Brown & Co. will issue.
trated in color by Miss Eleanor F. Brickdale.
A new volume of verse by Mr. Lee Wilson Dodd, ture," by Mr. Arthur Kingsley Porter, is to be
An exhaustive study of “Lombard Architec-
“ The Middle Miles, and Other Poems,” will come
shortly from the Yale University Press.
published by the Yale University Press in four
volumes. The first of these, consisting of plates,
A volume of plays by Mr. Theodore Dreiser, mostly from photographs taken by the author, is
entitled “ Plays of the Natural and Supernatural," now nearly ready. The three remaining volumes
will be issued by John Lane Co. in January. will be devoted to text. One phase of the subject
“ The Foreign Relations of the United States," was dealt with by the author in a volume issued by
by Professor Willis Fletcher Johnson, is an his- the same press in 1911 under the title “ The Con-
torical work announced for publication early in struction of Lombard and Gothic Vaults."
the new year by the Century Co.
“Letters from America” by the late Rupert
Miss Viola Meynell has finished a new novel, Brooke is announced for immediate publication by
“Narcissus," to be published early in January. Messrs. Scribner. These letters were written to an
During that month also will appear Mr. Hugh English newspaper two or three years ago, and in
Walpole's new novel, “ The Dark Forest,” an out- the volume is included a paper written at the out-
come of the author's recent experiences at the break of the war, and giving a glimpse of the
Russian scene of action.
effect of the sudden crisis on the mind of a young
Among other new importations of the house of Englishman. A sympathetic Introduction and
Scribner the following are promised: “ Form
appreciation is furnished by Mr. Henry James,
and Colour," by Mr. Lisle March Phillipps; “A
and the frontispiece consists of a new portrait in
Frenchman's Thoughts on the War," by M. Paul
photogravure.
Sabatier; and "A Short History of English Rural Mr. A. H. de Tremaudan has written an account
Life," by Mr. Montague Fordham.
of the Hudson Bay Railway, now under construc-
Miss Marie Van Vorst, who has been delivering
tion between Pass Manitoba to Port Nelson, which
lectures in America for the benefit of the American Messrs. Dutton will publish under the title, “The
Ambulance in France, has written an account of
Hudson Bay Road." Among other volumes soon
her personal work with the Red Cross, which John
to come from the same house are: “ The Appeal
Lane Co. will publish shortly under the title,
of the Picture," by Mr. F. C. Tilney; "Elef-
“ War Letters of an American Woman."
therios Venizelos: His Life and His Work," by
Among other volumes immediately forthcoming
Dr. G. Kerofilos; and “ Old Familiar Faces” and
from the Oxford University Press are: “ The
“Poetry and the Renascence of Wonder," by Mr.
Theodore Watts-Dunton.
Evolution of Prussia,” by Messrs. J. A. R. Mar-
riott and C. Grant Robertson; an illustrated
The immediately forthcoming books of Messrs.
edition of Reade's “ The Cloister and the Hearth";
Putnam include a study of “Social Freedom," by
and “The Rise of English Literary Prose," by
Elsie Clews Parsons, who, as in her earlier books
Mr. George Philip Krapp.
on “ The Family” and “The Old-Fashioned
Mr. George Moore has in preparation a romance
Woman," draws freely on the customs and regula-
tions of earlier and primitive societies by way of
of the Holy Land entitled “The Brook Kerith," comparison or contrast with existing conditions;
which has for its principal characters Jesus Christ,
Paul of Tarsus, and Joseph of Arimathea. The
“ Curiosities in Proverbs," by Mr. Dwight Ed-
wards Marvin, containing over 2000 translated
story is written around legends which have been
folk-sayings, gathered from seventy and more lan-
current for many centuries, though not to be
guages and dialects, with explanatory notes, lists
found in the Gospels, and the local color was of allied phrases, and an introductory essay on the
drawn by the author on the spot.
proverbs of the world; and “ Chinese Art Motives
A psychological contribution to the literature of Interpreted,” by Winifred Reed Tredwell, an illus-
the war will shortly be published in a work entitled trated book on the life that underlies Chinese art,
“War and the Ideal of Peace," described in the sub- illustrated with examples from well-known collec-
title as “a study of those characteristics of man
tions.
that result in war, and of the means by which they A loss to English poetry is reported from En-
may be controlled," by Dr. H. Rutgers Marshall. gland in the death on Dec. 9 of Stephen Phillips,


1915)
625
THE DIAL
known to theatre-goers as well as to readers for
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
his successful “ Paolo and Francesca,” if for noth-
(The following list, containing 120 titles, includes books
ing else. Some fifteen poetic and dramatic com- received by The Dial since its last issue.]
positions, however, besides his volume of poems
that received the "Academy” one-hundred-pound
HOLIDAY GIFT-BOOKS.
prize in 1897, stand to his credit, among them
Beautiful Gardens in America. By Louise Shelton.
Illustrated in color, etc., large 8vo, 306 pages.
being Christ in Hades," which first arrested the Charles Scribner's Sons. $5. net.
attention of watchful critics, “Herod,” “ Ulysses," Romance of Old Belgium: From Cæsar to Kaiser.
“ The Sin of David,” “Nero,” “The Last Heir,"
By Elizabeth W. Champney and Frère Champney.
Illustrated, 8vo, 432 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
“ Pietro of Siena," The King,"
“ Iole," and $2.50 net.
“Panama and Other Poems," most of these being
The Dream of Gerontius. By John Henry Cardinal
Newman; illustrated by Stella Langdale, with an
in dramatic form, and some of them tested as to introduction by Gordon Tidy. 8vo, 94 pages.
their stage merits by actual presentation. Mr.
John Lane Co. $1.25 net.
Our American Wonderlands. By George Wharton
Phillips was well qualified to write for the stage
James. Illustrated, 8vo, 297 pages. A. C. Mc-
since he had, in his first and only term at Queen's Clurg & Co. $2. net.
Illus-
The Flower Art of Japan. By Mary Averill.
College, Cambridge, cut loose from academic re-
trated in color, etc., 8vo, 216 pages. John Lane
straints and joined Mr. Frank Benson's company Co. $1.50 net.
of players when it chanced to visit the town; and
Wild Flowers of the North American Mountains.
By Julia W. Henshaw. Illustrated in color, 8vo,
for six years he played various small parts with 383 pages. Robert M. McBride & Co. $2.50 net.
this company. His previous schooling had been at To Your Dog and to My Dog. By Lincoln Newton
Stratford and Peterborough, his father, the Rev.
Kinnicutt. Large 8vo, 148 pages. Houghton Mif-
fin Co. $1. net.
Stephen Phillips, D.D., being Precentor of Peter-
Every Day. By Edgar Whitaker Work, 12mo, 366
borough Cathedral. To complete this reversed pages. American Tract Society. $1.25 net.
biography, he was born at Somertown, near Ox-
“ Speaking of Operations —" By Irvin S. Cobb;
illustrated by Tony Sarg. 12mo, 64
pages.
ford, July 28, 1868, and was thus in the prime of George H. Doran Co. 50 cts. net.
life when death overtook him. Though his later
A Song Old and New. By Judson Swift. 16mo, 4
pages. American Tract Society. Paper,
books evidenced a sad decline in poetic power, the 15 cts. net.
author of such works as “ Paolo and Francesca "
and “ Marpessa
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
will long hold a secure place in
Black Beauty. By Anna Sewell; illustrated in
the annals of English poetry.
color, etc., by Lucy Kemp-Welch. 8vo, 226 pages.
E. P. Dutton & Co. $2.50 net.
The following appeal for a Tennyson Memorial
More Tales from the Arabian Nights. Selected,
appears in a recent issue of the London “ Times," edited, and arranged by Frances Jenkins Olcott;
signed by several notable names: “ The Com-
illustrated in color by Willy Pogany. 12mo, 274
pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.25 net.
mittee of the Public Library at Lincoln are will- The American Boys' Book of Bugs, Butterflies, and
ing — and it is their own suggestion — to set apart
Beetles. By Dan Beard. Illustrated in color,
12mo, 309 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $2. net.
a room to become the home for Tennyson Manu-
The Boy Collector's Handbook. By Alpheus Hyatt
scripts, early and other editions of the poems, por- Verrill. Illustrated, 8vo, 290 pages. Robert M.
McBride & Co. $1.50 net.
traits, busts, personal relics, &c., somewhat in the
Brave Deeds of Union Soldiers. By Samuel Scoville,
same manner as has been done so successfully in Jr. Illustrated, 8vo, 397 pages. George W.
the case of Wordsworth at Dove Cottage, Gras-
Jacobs & Co. $1.50 net.
Nancy Lee's Lookout. By Margaret Warde. Illus-
mere. It is believed that if it were known that
trated, 12mo, 341 pages. Penn Publishing Co.
such a centre was established, many admirers of
$1.25 net.
Illus-
Tennyson would be glad to send some gift which
Ross Grant, Tenderfoot. By John Garland.
trated, 12mo, 384 pages. Penn Publishing Co.
would increase the value of the collection and make $1.25 net.
it worthy of a visit by lovers and students of the
Joyful Star: Indian Stories for Camp Fire Girls.
By Emelyn Newcomb Partridge. Illustrated,
poet from all parts of the Empire. This is no 12mo, 199 pages. Sturgis & Walton Co. $1.25 net.
time to ask for money; and only very slight The Boy Scouts in a Trapper's Camp: By Thornton
W. Burgess. Illustrated, 12mo, 362 pages. Penn
expenditure is contemplated. But it is a time to
Publishing Co. $1. net.
suggest that in his memory who wrote the Ode on Byliny Book: Hero Tales of Russia. Told from the
the Death of the Duke of Wellington, the Charge
Russian by Marion Chilton Harrison. Illus-
trated, 8vo, 70 pages. Cambridge: W. Heffer &
of the Light and Heavy Brigades, the Relief of Sons, Ltd.
Lucknow, The Revenge, and many other patriotic
A Little Princess of the Stars and Stripen. By
Aileen Cleveland Higgins. Illustrated, 12mo, 320
verses, lovers of Tennyson should be invited to
pages. Penn Publishing Co. $1. net.
give or lend some suitable contributions to a cen- The Camp by Copper River. By Henry S. Spalding,
S.J.
Illustrated, 12mo, 192 pages. Benziger
tral Tennyson Museum in the capital town of his
Brothers. 85 cts. net.
native county.
Gifts will be received and ac- On the Borders with Andrew Jackson. By John T.
McIntyre.
knowledged by the Librarian — Mr. A. R. Corns
Penn
Illustrated, 12mo, 200 pages.
Publishing Co. 75 cts. net.
Public Library, Lincoln; and it would be well
that before sending gifts the committee should be
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
consulted through him, for space is limited. We The Life of Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal. By
hope that many objects of first-rate interest and
Beckles Willson. In 2 volumes, illustrated in
photogravure, etc., large 8vo. Houghton Miffin
importance will be enshrined in what will, we Co. $6.50 net.
believe, become in time a very notable Tennyson
Michelangelo. By Romain Rolland; translated by
Frederick Street. Illustrated, large 8vo, 189
Collection. The proposal has the approval of pages. Duffield & Co. $2.50 net.
Lord Tennyson, who has already sent a number of
Wall Street and the Wilds. By A. W. Dimock.
Illustrated, large 8vo, 476 pages. Outing Pub-
valuable loans.”
lishing Co. $3. net.


626
(Dec. 23
THE DIAL
Three Score and Ten: A Book for the Aged. By
Amelia E. Barr. 12mo, 327 pages. D. Appleton &
Co. $1.50 net.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Sir French Poets: Studies in Contemporary Litera-
ture. By Amy Lowell. With portraits, 8vo,
488 pages.
Macmillan Co. $2.50 net.
America's Coming-of-Age. By Van Wyck Brooks.
12mo, 183 pages. B. W. Huebsch. $1. net.
Latin Satirical Writing Subsequent to Juvenal. By
Arthur H. Weston. 8vo, 163 pages. Lancaster,
Pa.: New Era Printing Co. Paper.
The Universe as Pictured in Milton's Paradise Lost:
An Illustrated Study for Personal and Class Use.
By William Fairfield Warren. 8vo, 80 pages.
The Abingdon Press. 75 cts. net.
VERSE AND DRAMA.
The Immigrants: A Lyric Drama. By Percy Mack-
aye; with introduction by Frederic C. Howe.
12mo, 138 pages. B. W. Huebsch. $1. net.
Anthology of Magazine Verse for 1915, and Year
Book of American Poetry. Edited by William
Stanley Braithwaite. 8vo, 295 pages. Gomme &
Marshall $1.50 net.
Plays for Small Stages. By Mary Aldis. With
frontispiece, 12mo, 105 pages. Duffield & Co.
$1.25 net.
Italy in Arms, and Other Poems. By Clinton Scol-
lard. 12mo, 70 pages. New York: Gomme &
Marshall. 75 cts. net.
The Poets' Lincoln: Tributes in Verse to the Mar-
tyred President. Selected by Osborn H. Oldroyd.
Illustrated, 12mo, 261 pages. Washington: Pub-
lished by the editor. $1. net.
Songs of Brittany. By Théodore Botrel; translated
from the French, with an introduction by Ana-
tole Le Braz. 12mo, 95 pages. Richard G.
Badger. $1. net.
The Jew to Jesus, and Other Poems. By Florence
Kiper Frank. 12mo, 90 pages. Mitchell Ken-
nerley. $1. net.
The Wings of Song. By Harold Hersey. 16mo, 40
pages. Washington: The Library Press.
The Sea Wind: A Book of Verse. By William Col-
burn Husted. 12mo, 57 pages. Sherman, French
& Co. $1. net.
Little John Bull, and Other Poems. By Daisy Mc-
Leod Wright. 12mo, 60 pages. The Gorham
Press. 75 cts. net.
To One from Arcady, and Other Poems. By Theo-
dore L. Fitz Simons. With frontispiece, 12mo,
55 pages.
Sherman, French & Co. $1. net.
Criminals: A One-Act Play about Marriage. By
George Middleton. 12mo, 43
pages. B. W.
Huebsch. 50 cts. net.
Zeitkinder: A Play to Be Read. By Henry Jones
Mulford. 12mo, 107 pages. Buffalo: Privately
Printed.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
Travels in Alaska. By John Muir. Illustrated,
8vo, 327 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $2.50 net.
India and Its Faiths: A Traveler's Record. By
James Bissett Pratt, Ph.D. Illustrated, 8vo, 483
pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $4. net.
A Rambler's Recollections and Reflections. By Al-
fred Capper. Illustrated, 8vo, 330 pages. Charles
Scribner's Sons.
PUBLIC AFFAIRS. POLITICS, SOCIOLOGY, AND
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
Loeb Classical Library. New volumes: Pliny's Let-
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