EMBER 16, 1895. Vol. XIX.
and, although there are doubtless many more
to come during the next few weeks, the list as
it now stands is considerably more extensive
CONTENTS.
than any that we have previously had occasion
to present. The object of the present article
is to single out from the multitude of books
BOOKS OF THE COMING SEASON
133
already definitely promised a few of those that
MODERN DANISH LITERATURE, AND ITS
are likely to attract the most widespread atten-
FOREMOST REPRESENTATIVE. M. Werge-
tion and find greatest favor with book-lovers.
The most important work of the year, at
land
least from the strictly literary point of view,
COMMUNICATION .
137 will be the long-deferred collection of Matthew
Language and Literature in Japan. Ernest W. Arnold's letters, edited by Mr. George Russell.
Clement.
Nothing promised us of late years has been so
A FINANCIER OF FRANCE. D. L. Shorey
impatiently awaited as this collection, and we
138
hail with delight the prospect of its early ap-
OUR PRESENT KNOWLEDGE OF THE ORIGIN pearance. In the same category come three
OF SPECIES. David S. Jordan
140
other collections of letters, all soon to be pub-
lished : the “ Vailima" letters of Robert Louis
THE BASES OF APPRECIATION IN ART.
Stevenson, the letters of Edward FitzGerald
Edward E. Hale, Jr.
141
to Fanny Kemble, and the “ Family Letters”
SEVEN BOOKS OF TRAVEL. Hiram M. Stanley
143
of Dante Rossetti, edited by his brother, Mr.
Swettenham's Malay Sketches. Jackson's The
W. M. Rossetti. Here, indeed, are four books
Great Frozen Land.- Miss Hapgood's Russian Ram-
that will be read with avidity by all lovers of
bles.-Bigelow's The Borderland of Czar and Kaiser.
literature. Literature and literary history are
-Parkin's The Great Dominion.-Field's Our West- also to be represented by “ Anima Poetæ," a
ern Archipelago.-Stanley's My Early Travels and series of hitherto unpublished passages from
Adventures in America and Asia.
the note-books of Coleridge ; “An Introduc-
tory to the Study of Literary Criticism,” by
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS .
147
Professor C. M. Gayley ; a work on “ Modern
A sensible book about America, by a Frenchwoman.
-The remarkable life-story of a Russian woman.-
German Literature," by Dr. B. W. Wells ;
Questionable editing of Poe.-Far West sketches by
“ Books and Their Makers during the Middle
Mr. Remington.-Safe advice about books and read- Ages,” by Mr. George Haven Putnam; “ The
ing.-Specimens of the humor of Russia.
Literary History of the American Revolution,”
by Professor Moses Coit Tyler; a volume of
BRIEFER MENTION
148
“Miscellaneous Studies," by Walter Pater; and
LITERARY NOTES
the long-promised “ Victorian Anthology" of
149
Mr. Stedman, a work which will, we doubt not,
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF FALL BOOKS.
150 surpass in taste, judgment, and knowledge all
.
.
.
.
.
.
>
.
>
.
.
.


134
(Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
"66 The
previous attempts to represent by a series of se- vant,” edited by Mr. W. P. P. Longfellow.
lections English poetry of the last half-century. Other important art-works are Sig. Cattaneo's
Of new literature, in the narrower sense, it “ Architecture in Italy from the Sixth to the
seems that we shall have our full share. Vol- Eleventh Century”; “ Lectures on Art,” by
umes of poetry by Thoreau, Mrs. Stoddard, Mr. John La Farge; and “The Art of Velas-
Mr. Frederick Tennyson, James Russell Low- quez,” by Mr. R. A. M. Stevenson. Art the-
ell, Mr. Francis Thompson, Mr. William Dean ory and criticism will be exemplified by Mr.
Howells, Christina Rossetti
, and Mrs. Marriott George L. Raymond's “ Painting, Sculpture,
Watson, are a few of the many gifts to be and Architecture as Representative Arts,” Mr.
brought us from the kingdom of song. We Frank P. Stearns's “The Midsummer of Italian
suppose that “ The Wood beyond the World,” Art,” and three essays, published in separate
by Mr. William Morris, must be described as illustrated volumes, by the late P. G. Hamerton.
fiction, although it is sure to have more of the In the department of political and social science
characteristics of poetry than many a volume we may mention Dr. Albert Shaw's “ Munici-
of rhymed and rhythmical utterance. A few pal Government in Continental Europe,'
titles of forthcoming novels are the following: Principles of Sociology,” by Professor F. H.
“ The Stark Munro Letters,” by Dr. A. Conan Giddings; “Lectures on Political Science"
Doyle ; “ Clarence” and “In a Hollow of the and “The Growth of British Policy,” both by
Hills,” both by Mr. Bret Harte; “ The Mys- the late Sir John Seeley; "The Science of
tery of Witch-Face Mountain,” by Miss Mary Finance,” by Professor Henry C. Adams;
N. Murfree; “A Gentleman Vagabond,” by “Money and Banking,” by Mr. Horace White;
Mr. F. Hopkinson Smith ; “The Amazing and a work on “The Poor of Great Cities,”
Marriage,” by Mr. George Meredith ; “The by various hands. In religious history, the
Second Jungle Book,” by Mr. Rudyard Kip- most important announcements seem to be the
ling; “Joan Haste," by Mr. H. Rider Hag- lectures of Professor Rhys-Davids on “ Bud-
gard; “Casa Braccio," by Mr. F. M. Craw-dhism,” and the popular papers of Professor
ford ; “ The Red Cockade,” by Mr. Stanley J. C. H. Cornill on “The Prophets of Israel.”
Weyman; “ The Day of Their Wedding,” by Finally, we may include in this category of the
Mr. W. D. Howells ; " His Father's Son,” by works of serious scholarship the promised
Professor Brander Matthews; and “A Three-translation, from the Greek of Dr. Crestos
Stranded Yarn," by Mr. W. Clark Russell. Tsountas, of his great work on “The Mycen-
Among biographical works, the most inter- æan Civilization," Professor J. P. Mahaffy's
esting to Americans will be the memoir of Fran- “ History of the Ptolemies," and volumes by
cis Parkman, by Mr. C. H. Farnham ; the the late E. A. Freeman upon Western Europe
" Recollections of Abraham Lincoln,” by Mr. in the fifth and eighth centuries.
Ward H. Lamon; and the story of Townsend Three classes of books yet remain to be
Harris, our first envoy to Japan, by Dr. W. E. scanned — the special holiday publications, the
Griffis. A “Life of Gustave Flaubert,” by Mr. continuation of works already in part before the
J. C. Tarver, is an extremely interesting an- public, and the reprints of standard literature.
nouncement, and hardly less interesting are the In the first of these classes, the announcements
promised life of Hans Christian Andersen, by now made cover but a small proportion of what
Mr. R. Nisbet Bain; of W. H. Seward (in the may be expected as the Christmas season draws
“ American Statesmen” series), by Mr. T. K. near. We may mention here the holiday edi-
Lothrop; of Agassiz, by M. Jules Marcou ; of tions of Mr. Dobson's poems, of Reade's
Cardinal Manning, by Mr. E. S. Purcell; and “ Christie Johnstone," of Spenser's “ Epithala-
of Cardinal Wiseman, by Mr. Wilfred Ward. mium,” of “ Rip Van Winkle” (by Mr. Joseph
Mr. F. Marion Crawford's book on “ Constan- Jefferson, illustrated by the author!), of Mr.
tinople” is sure to be among the most popular Timothy Cole's engravings from the Dutch and
works of travel and description published dur- Flemish master, of Scott's “The Betrothed ”
ing the year, and many readers will also be and "The Talisman ” (edited by Mr. Lang),
found for “ Advance, Japan !” by Mr. J. Mor- of a collection of “ Victorian Songs ” (edited
ris; and for the first volume of Mr. A. H. by Mr. Edmund Garrett), of White's “Sel-
Keane's great work on Africa. One of the most borne” (edited by Mr. John Burroughs), of
ambitious of recent undertakings in the liter- “ The Manxman,” and of Mrs. Jane G. Aus-
ature of art is the great “Cyclopedia of Art tin's “Standish of Standish." A prominent
and Architecture in Italy, Greece, and the Le place in this holiday group must also be given


1895.]
135
THE DIAL
a
to Mr. Edwin A. Grosvenor's great illustrated cal treatment, at the hands of the most compe-
work on “Constantinople,” which, with Mr. tent American authorities, in the pages of THE
,
Crawford's less pretentious volume, will enable DIAL; and it shall be our constant endeavor,
us to visit the Golden Horn without leaving as it has been for the past fifteen years, to pro-
the library fireside. The important works of vide the prospective buyer and reader of the
which publication is to be continued or com- new books with impartial and trustworthy guid-
pleted during the year form a considerable list ance in his selection of the volumes that he
of their own. Mr. Henry M. Baird's “The may wish to add to his shelves.
Huguenots and the Revocation of the Edict of
Nantes" will serve to remind us that we still
have in our midst a historian not unworthy to
succeed Prescott and Motley. We are to have
MODERN DANISH LITERATURE, AND
the third volume of M. Leroy-Beaulieu's “Em-
ITS FOREMOST REPRESENTATIVE.
pire of the Tsars and the Russians,” the fourth
For a considerable part of the present century,
volume of Mr. Traill's “ Social England,” the Denmark was the country of Romanticism. There
fifth (and last) volume of Renan's “ History are those who would say that such is still the case.
of the People of Israel," the third volume of Names from that period could be mentioned which,
the “ Life and Correspondence of Rufus King,” if known, would shine among the world's best; but
the sixth volume of the “ Writings and Corre- it was their fate to write in a language familiar to
spondence of Thomas Jefferson,” the fourth vol-
but a small fraction of the European population.
ume (“Gustavus Adolphus") of Colonel T.
After the war of 1864, the disrupted and discour-
A. Dodge's “Great Captains,” the third vol aged country was most concerned with healing its
ume of Professor Charles S. Sargent's great distinguished the Danish nation naturally favored,
own wounds. The patriotism which has always
work on “The Silva of North America," and
after such disappointment, an absorption in the past
the second volume of each of the three follow-
which had somewhat the character of an after-
ing works :-“ Darwin and after Darwin,” by growth of Romanticism. The predilection for sub-
George J. Romanes; “ A Natural History of jects of historical and legendary character, with a
Plants,” by Professor Kerner von Marilaun; and deep feeling for their value because they were na-
“ A Literary History of the English People,' tional and Danish, and the enthusiasm for the peas-
by Mr. J.J. Jusserand. As for the promised
ant character, with its simple unaffected ways, as
reprints, they are legion ; and, as they usually
the core and centre of a national regeneration, have
mean handier or more tasteful editions than we
left a deep impression on the literature and life of
this period.
have had before, even if they do not incorpor-
The great change, however, which institutions and
ate new material, they are cordially welcome.
ideas underwent all over Europe after the Franco-
What could be more satisfactory, for example, German war, together with the establishment of the
than a complete Browning, in a single volume ? German Empire, has given rise in Denmark to a
And that is just what is promised us, by a house school of distinctly modern writers. The hegemony
whose name is a guarantee that we shall not of the German Empire on the continent made clear
be disappointed in the mechanical features of to intelligent patriots the utter hopelessness of any
the book. A complete one - volume Holmes
dreams of restitution of that part of the conquered
(that is, the poetry) is promised us by the same
provinces which the Danes claimed as theirs in ac-
house. A five-volume edition of Mrs. Jame-
cordance with the sentiment of nationality. When
the thought of revenge was recognized to be vain,
son's works on art will supply an obvious want,
for these books hold their own, although recent
the greater part of the population decided to accept
the situation as it was, and to make the most of it
scholarship has left them less adequate than from a standpoint of absolute neutrality; to content
they once were. The new Poe, edited by Mr. themselves with peaceful efforts in the arenas of
Stedman and Professor Woodberry, will be on science, literature, and art, as well as in commer-
the market complete at a very early date. As cial enterprise and progress. In such conditions
for new editions of Stevenson, they are so nu-
the modern literary school has firmly established
merous that we have not space even to name
itself, and has gained possession of the Parnassus
them all. In old-fashioned fiction, we shall
of Danish literature. The present craze for military
have an eight-volume edition of Galt's novels, perils its future, brought about as it is by a power-
equipment, which ruins the Danish treasury and im-
and doubtless many other reprints of like char-
ful but unpopular faction which has the sympathy
acter. During the coming months, of course, of the crown, but has for years governed against the
the works above mentioned, together with many expressed will of the nation at large, is viewed with
others, will receive characterization and criti- no little grief and indignation by all sensible peo-


136
(Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
ple. The actual if not recognized leader of this words, and in rhythms. In Herr Drachmann's
opposition party has been, and is, Herr Georg work, the love of the sea is the predominant chord,
Brandes, renowned not less for his eminence as a whether he writes songs, novels, or plays,— for he
writer and critic than for his wonderful versatility has many strings in his lyre. In this respect one
and truly cosmopolitan interests. The remark of might think there existed some resemblance between
M. Zola, that Denmark seemed like a small animal Herr Drachmann and Mr. Swinburne. But this is
with big feelers stretched toward the general cur- not so; the Greek character so prevalent in Mr.
rent of European life to find out what was going Swinburne's poetry is entirely lacking in Herr
on, is no inadequate simile. And the one who really Drachmann's. Dreaminess is not his characteristic,
established such a communication between the life nor is philosophy, nor pure harmony. Artistic love
in the great centres of culture outside and the intel- of light and color imbues his poetry with a special
lectual circles of his own fatherland, is undoubtedly charm. The rhythm and rhymes flow from his pen
Herr Brandes. Such a thing is usually undertaken as easily as from Mr. Swinburne's ; but his verse
for private benefit only; but Herr Brandes has had lacks the sombre tint and the peculiar redundancy
greater and wider aims than personal pleasure or of melody characteristic of the English poet.
fame. Always ready to accept and utilize new Herr Drachmann made his literary début with a
impulses, never corrupted or crushed in the service little work in prose, entitled “ With Charcoal and
of the ideas he has advocated through more than a Chalk”; and in 1872 his first volume of poems ap-
generation, Herr Brandes seems imbued with the peared. Little by little the poet became more pow-
inexhaustible
energy
of the wonderful Semitic race erful than the painter, and after some years the
to which he belongs.
It is, moreover, a character- brush had wholly to give way to the pen.
Since
istic feature of his activity that hardly anything he then, half a hundred volumes in prose and verse
writes or says fails to arouse antagonism among have appeared, and among them works that are a
his countrymen, and to call out an assault upon
his true ornament of Danish literature. The tendency
veracity, knowledge, understanding, judgment, and in his works is certainly modern; but Herr Drach-
what not. This in turn rouses his friends and fol. mann can be classed neither with the “naturalists
lowers to rush to his defence. Thus, amidst the nor with the “symbolists." He has his own indi-
dead calm of a government of the utmost reaction- vidual forte, which is at the same time thoroughly
ary and absolute tendencies, the spiritual atmos- popular. He is much attracted by the fantastic,
phere at least is frequently renewed, and a steady cur- but by the fantastic in such measure and form as is
rent of controversy, with an occasional whirlwind, possessed by the fairy story. His particular aim,
keeps things on the move and prevents stagnation. especially in later years, has been to reach the heart
It is no wonder that a writer with such ideal aims of the common people,—to draw nearer to them and
and of so firm a fibre should become the creator draw them closer to him, in order to find thereby a
and chief supporter of a new school of thought and broad field for an activity both encouraging and
culture. That this school has, as its programme, awakening, which he thinks is needed in order to
sympathy with all modern literature, is only a rouse their slumbering powers and deadened energy.
necessary consequence. The aim of this school, con- His life with the fishermen at Skagen, his travels
sciously or unconsciously, has been to combat the and conversations, have opened his understanding to
supposition, sometimes expressed, that Denmark in the struggles and the unostentatious bravery shown
its reduced circumstances has played out its part in
in the existence of the hundreds and thousands
the world's drama, and is on the point of losing its of men upon whose courage and resistance the ten-
individuality, its character, and its rank among na- acity of a nation depend. Herr Drachmann is a pa-
tions. This aim has been so successfully main- triot of the most exultant character. All through the
tained, that Danish art and literature at least stand earlier part of his productive period he was almost
worthily side by side with the strivings and achieve- too turbulent in praise of his country and advocacy
ments of the general spiritual life of Europe. of its cause. In later years, however, the continued
Among the host of younger and older authors of misgovernment, and the increasing lethargy of the
this new phalanx, the poet and painter Holger people in allowing the ministry to continue their
Drachmann is indisputably the most gifted, and at absolute ignoring of all constitutional rights, have
present we are glad to say the most popular. made him more and more distrustful and hopeless
He is a painter of no small ability, and a writer of concerning the future. Accordingly, in 1890, with
much force and originality in his various novels; the publication of his largest and weightiest novel,
but by far the greatest manifestation of his genius “ Pledged,” the poet made up the account between
and power is shown in his lyrical poetry, which himself and his past. An attempt to establish in
unites a singular freshness of feeling with exquisite Copenhagen a place of public resort of a high in-
melody and perfection of form.
tellectual grade, yet not of an “ academic” charac-
It has been said that Herr Drachmann became ter, receiving the ideas and movements of the time,
a painter from love of the sea; but when he saw and allowing artists and poets to bring their works
that his pictures were dumb- that they lacked the directly to an unprejudiced public, hoping thereby
roar of the gale, the ripple of the waves, the sigh to educate the masses, failed utterly. It is the re-
of the water on the shore, he began to paint with sult of ideas cherished by Herr Drachmann, that
a


1895.]
137
THE DIAL
a
a
the “ free theatre,” on the plan of the Théâtre libre men that the Japanese language and Japanese literature
in Paris, enjoyed its brief existence. But his liter- cannot adapt themselves to modern thought and attain
ary-popular “café” had not even such fortune. the possibilities of modern civilization with such incon-
Wearied of the hopeless project, which met no in-
venient and unpractical modes of expressing and com-
terest and support from the wealthy classes, Herr
municating thought. It is argued, therefore, that a
Drachmann left the country, and has since spent
more simple and easy alphabet must be substituted for
the prevalent mixture of Japanese characters and Chi-
his time mostly in Germany—the land from which
nese idiographs, if Japan wishes to maintain communi-
he thinks Denmark has much to learn. His stay cation with the world at large.
in Hamburg during the cholera epidemic, his cour- But the reformers are thus far unable to agree upon
ageous and helpful conduct during that time, when a substitute. Some urge the adoption of Roman let-
even the inhabitants themselves lost hope and wished ters; others are in favor of using only the Japanese
to desert the plague-stricken city, have been favor- Kana; “while yet others propose modifications of the
ably commented upon in the German papers. His
Kana so as to meet the requirements of transliterating
productivity as an author has lost nothing during foreign names.” These last
, who seem to be supported
his absence from home, and although his health is
by a majority of the literary reformers, also recom-
not strong, his friends and admirers may still hope European fashion.
mend the mode of writing from left to right in the
to see much from his pen in years to come.
It is also proposed to make “radical changes in the
To English readers, it may be of interest to grammar of the Japanese language,” so as to recognize
know that Herr Drachmann has made himself constructions that have lately been introduced through
known also as a brilliant translator of Byron’s “ Don imitation of Western modes of thought. This proposal
Juan," a task not yet finished. Here the translator has, of course, “evoked a loud protest from the votaries
has done his brother poet a service such as few have
of classical Japanese,” but is “welcomed by the literary
been able to render. It is true of music that no-
public in general.”
body can render a composer as well as one who is
These attempts to conform the Japanese language to
the requirements of foreign intercourse are accompanied
himself a composer ; and the same must be true of
by an increased interest in the study of foreign lan-
poetry. The masterly handling of the difficult ma-
guages. This extends, in the first place, to the Korean
terial places this translation of Byron scarcely be- and the Chinese languages, and reaches, also, even in
low the original. Whether Herr Drachmann him- spite of political prejudices, to the Russian language
self, and especially in some of his best lyrics, shall and literature. “But the language whose status has
ever be satisfactorily translated into English, is a been most extensively and permanently improved is En-
question time only can answer. Perhaps in his glish," the importance of which,“ as a medium for con-
most genuine works he is as little translatable as is ducting business transactions and international inter-
Dr. Ibsen, although some reproductions may be a
course,” is now more fully recognized.
This same tendency to emphasize the necessity of
pleasant exception. Of his works the following are
“ modernizing" is apparent in a recent address on “The
probably the best known: “Songs by the Sea,”
Future of Japanese Literature,” by Professor Tsubou-
" Venezia,” “ From the Frontier,
" " The Princess
chi, “one of Japan's foremost literati.” He spoke along
and Half the Kingdom,” “ Lars Kruse,” “ East o' this line:
the Sun and West o' the Moon,” “The Daughter of “ At the present time, unfortunately, there are no
the Waters,” “ Paul and Virginia of a Northern standard works in the realm of Japanese literary thought.
Zone,” “Once Upon a Time," "The Book of Songs,'
Those works which foreigners read in a translated form,
“ Pledged,” “ Völund the Smith,” “ Renaissance."
believing them to be the finest literary products of
Herr Drachmann was born in 1846. It is hoped Japan, are without exception old classics
, and have
that he will remain for years to come the honor and
nothing in common with the trend of modern ideas. It
is impossible to rest satisfied with this state of affairs;
joy of his country.
M. WERGELAND. we cannot hope that Occidentals will ever rightly un-
derstand the Japanese people if they are to have noth-
ing better than these antique and obsolete works as their
standards. The encouragement of a national literature
COMMUNICATION.
is thus at the present moment of prime importance. It
is the only means which will serve to promote an inti-
LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE IN JAPAN. macy with the Western world.
We have now to pro-
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
duce a series of masterpieces that will show us in the
An interesting controversy is going on, in the col-
true light — the progressive, invincible Japanese of the
umns of the literary magazines of Tokyo, on the ques-
19th century.”
tion of the abolition of the Chinese idiographs in the
It will certainly be interesting and instructive for all
written language. The weight of centuries of usage and
scholars, especially for comparative philologists, to watch
of economy, through conciseness in the expression of
these attempts to reform a language and a literature
ideas, is in favor of their retention. But they are so
that are not only of old standing, but that for at least
complex and so cumbrous, and require so much time
two and a half centuries were crystallized. Even
for study in a curriculum tremendously overcrowded, though radical reforms may not be accomplished, great
that they are felt to be a great drag upon popular edu- changes will be made, have already been made, in both
cation. And especially do they seem to be entirely un-
the language and the literature of Japan.
suited for the new career for which Japan is evidently
ERNEST W. CLEMENT.
destined. There is a strong feeling among thinking Tokyo, August 20, 1895.
a
"


138
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
not enter into your views. As for me, it is im-
The New Books.
possible to subject myself all my life to wear-
ing a veil over my face.”
A FINANCIER OF FRANCE.*
For a few years after leaving the Sorbonne,
To most English readers, the name of Tur- Turgot held a judicial office. In 1761 he was
got is only one in a group of distinguished men
appointed Intendant of the Generality of Li-
who, in the middle of the eighteenth century,
moges, the poorest of the thirty-five Generalities
prepared the mind of France for the transition
in France. But genius makes its own place.
from the old to the new régime consummated
He refused many offers to transfer him to richer
by the Revolution. His writings, however,
and more desirable Generalities. For thirteen
have not ceased to interest and instruct thought years he gave the best of his life to the people
ful readers who desire to learn something about
of Limoges, who excited his sympathies because
one of the most interesting men of his century, they were oppressed and degraded. He began
and to know accurately the condition of France
at once to institute those reforms with which
in the twenty-five years prior to the Revolution.
his name will ever be associated.
Taxes were
Every science, every language, every litera- unequal, and the heaviest burdens were laid
ture, every business," says Michelet, inter- upon those who could least support them. He
ested Turgot." "He took to the work of civil restored equality and removed the undue bur-
government,” says Matthew Arnold, “ in what
den. The roads were made by the forced and
spirit many of us know, and whoever of us does unpaid labor of the peasants. He abolished
not know should make it his business to learn."
compulsory service, substituted equal taxation,
“ The nineteenth century is the true century the kingdom. The details of his great work
and changed the poorest into the best roads of
of Turgot,” says Léon Say, “ because it is that
in which his ideas have been applied, and in
cannot be given here. He sought from every-
which he has borne manifest sway over minds body information in relation to his duties.
and over things.” These are quite sufficient Through the curates, who were near to the peo-
reasons to justify Mr. Stephens in his « attempt ple, he gained the people's confidence. In those
to provide English readers with a fuller and laborious years he studied profoundly the causes
more exact knowledge of Turgot and his writ-
of the evils existing in France; and his reports
ings than they have hitherto possessed." Mr.
to the Comptroller-General during that period,
Stephens, within the limits he set, has probably while accurately stating the facts of the cases
condensed, as he says, into a single volume all
under consideration, were also economic treat-
matter of sufficient importance and interest for ises, good for all time. The reader who cares
general readers of the present day. Industrial to pursue the subject fully will find the desired
students, however, who can spare the time, will
information in the works of Turgot, and no-
not be satisfied with selections and condensa-
where besides.
tions, but will go to the original fountains —
Turgot had a scholar's love of study. He
the entire works of Turgot.
was probably the profoundest thinker then in
Prior to the Revolution, there were only three
France. He knew the sacrifice he made. His
openings for sons of the French nobility –
friend Condorcet wrote to him: “You are very
civil administration, the army, and the church. fortunate in having a passion for the public
Turgot, being the youngest of three sons, was
good, and in being able to satisfy it; it is a
destined for the church. He was accordingly great consolation, and of a very superior order
sent to the Sorbonne, where
, however
, his to the consolation of mere study.” • Nay,”
studies took a wide range, including a full replied Turgot, “whatever you may say, I be-
course in the civil law. At the conclusion of
lieve that the satisfaction derived from study
these studies, and with his father's consent, he
is superior to any other kind of satisfaction.
announced his determination not to follow the
I am perfectly convinced that one may be,
ecclesiastical calling. His fellow-students urged through study, a thousand times more useful
him, with many reasons, to reconsider his de-
to men than in any of our subordinate posts.”
termination. Take for yourselves," he re-
Turgot was appointed Comptroller-General
plied, “ the counsel you have given me, since
of Finance, July 24, 1774; and held the office
you can follow it. Although I love you, I can-
a little more than twenty months. He devoted
* THE LIFE AND WRITINGS OF TURgot, Comptroller-Gen-
every spare moment of that period, with intense
eral of France. Edited for English readers by W. Walker
and passionate earnestness, to the execution of
Stephens. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co.
his comprehensive scheme of reform. He un-
66


1895.)
139
THE DIAL
derstood well the risk he was taking, the oppo- clergy who had inherited their privileges, and
sition he would encounter, and the danger of the rich bourgeois who had bought them, would
failure in the execution of his plan; but he not have it so. The weak king yielded to the
considered that the emergencies of the time pressure. Turgot was driven from the Minis-
justified him in taking any personal risks in try, and his reforms were not then accom-
order to avert if possible the greater calamities plished. A little more than eight years after
of the then pending Revolution. His method Turgot's death, his triumph came, - not, how-
was statesmanlike. “ If one is not to give up ever, as the great statesman desired, by the
the attempt to correct little by little the faults peaceful and orderly steps of progressive re-
of an ancient constitution,” he said, “it is form, but through the exaltation of revolution-
necessary to work to that end slowly and ac- ary feeling, when, on the memorable night of
cording to the measure in which public opinion the fourth of August, 1789, all feudal rights
and the course of events render changes possi- and privileges were abolished, and France
ble.” He was not a novice. He had been passed at once and forever from the old to the
twenty-one years in public life, had travelled new règime.
over the provinces of France with his friend The selections made by Mr. Stephens give
the celebrated Gournay, then perhaps the clos. a fair idea of Turgot's rank as an economist.
est living observer of economic conditions. The average reader has but little conception of
Turgot's special studies, as well as his great the restrictions laid upon trade, commerce, and
experience, qualified him in the highest degree the industries, in Turgot's time; and does not
to prepare to explain and to introduce the gen- appreciate the debt of gratitude we owe to the
eral scheme of reforms with which his name earlier economists who led the
way
to the com-
will be forever identified. In a general way it parative freedom now enjoyed in those pursuits.
may be said that these reforms involved the The celebrated edicts prepared by Turgot dur-
reëstablishment of the public finances, then ing his ministry were based upon his matured
deranged to the verge of bankruptcy; the cor- convictions that industry and the exchanges of
rection of innumerable abuses which were the commerce, being entirely a matter of individ-
heritage from a worn-out feudal system ; the ual right, should be maintained free from every
destruction of special privileges, under the restriction on the part of government, and that
operation of which the mass of the people were it was no part of the function of government to
reduced to poverty and despair; freedom from interfere at any time or anywhere with these in-
the monopoly of the guilds ; and freedom of dividual rights ; that the imprescriptible right
commerce and the industries from intolerable of labor involved as corollaries, first, the right
burdens and restrictions. Turgot's state papers to enjoy property as the fruits of labor, and, sec-
during this period are the best existing exposi- ond, the unqualified right of exchange between
tion of all these evils and the measures he took individuals. All those great edicts were pre-
to reform them.
ceded by“Memoires” fully explaining their pur-
France at that period had no constitution poses. Léon Say says: “That which impressed
in the English or in the American sense. There the friends of the minister at first, and united
was no organized public opinion to which a the approbation of all men of elevation of mind,
statesman could make an appeal. The blind was the care taken by Turgot to explain in an
obstinacy of the privileged classes was such extended preamble the reasons of the change
that no material reforms could be effected ex- made by the new decree to the legislation then
cept by the prerogative of the king or by revo- in force. To discuss before the public, was a
lution. Turgot relied only upon the prerogatives novelty. Turgot was thus the inventor of that
of the king, whose power was absolute; for usage, generally practiced since in free govern-
France at that time was monarchical to the ments, to preface the projects of laws by that
The king controlled the purse and the which we call to-day an exposition of its mo-
sword. He could send his parliaments, then tives.” And Voltaire said : “ We have not be-
judicial bodies, into exile or into bastiles. He fore had edicts in which the sovereign deigned
could, by his edicts, make and repeal laws; and to teach his people, to reason with them, to in-
he had control of all the offices of administra- struct them in their interests, to persuade them
tion. It was upon this vast power that Turgot before commanding them.” These great writ-
relied. The king at first resolved to sustain ers are, however, not quite accurate in their
Turgot in all his proposed reforms. The queen claim that Turgot was the inventor of this ad-
and her courtiers, the nobility and the higher | mirable usage. In the fourth book of Plato's
core.


140
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
Laws (pp. 720 et seq.) the Athenian led European nations erroneously to believe
Stranger says: “And is our legislator to have
“
that they could gain wealth by reserving to
no preface to his laws, but to say at once themselves the exclusive right to buy from and
do this, avoid that; and then, holding the pen- sell to their colonies. “I firmly believe,” says
alty in terrorem, to go on to another law; offer- Turgot, “ that all the mother countries will be
ing never a word of advice or exhortation to forced to abandon all empire over their colonies,
those for whom he is legislating ?” It is to leave to them entire freedom of commerce
credit enough for Turgot that he was the first with all nations, to content themselves in par-
to embody in the laws of a great people the taking along with the others this liberty, and
ideas of the immortal Greek thinker.
in maintaining with their colonies the ties of
Turgot's writings cover a period of about friendship and fraternity."
thirty years. His first publication, 1749, is a a
D. L. SHOREY.
letter to L'Abbé de Cicé upon Money. In
that letter he exploded the mischievous brood
of fallacies that still torment us, based upon
the same error that the fiat of government can
OUR PRESENT KNOWLEDGE OF THE
ORIGIN OF SPECIES.*
com pel commodities of unequal value to be
taken as equivalents in exchange for each other. In Professor Marshall's Lectures on the
Mirabeau exploited that fallacy, with his usual Darwinian Theory” we find a simple, direct,
eloquence, when he misled a small majority of and accurate account of our present knowledge
the Constituent Assembly into issuing the as- of the origin of species. The matter is cast in
signats, and, with the usual result, paralyzing the form of University Extension lectures
the industries of France for six years from eight in number - elementary in character,
1790. Seventy-two years later, our practical as befits the interest of an intelligent but un-
statesmen, who had learned nothing from the scientific audience. In his exposition, Profes-
economists and nothing from the experience of sor Marshall follows closely the lines of argu-
the nations, put out the “ legal tenders," at a ment laid down by Darwin. In other words,
cost to the people of the United States, it is he is guided by what is really known, and has
estimated, of some thousand millions of dollars. no hypothesis of his own to be maintained or
A great fallacy is sometimes more costly than illustrated.
a great war.
In reading these lectures, one is impressed
The last state paper of Turgot, dated April by the self-restraint of the author.
6, 1776, was a “Memoire” prepared in re-
,
forgets his purpose, never falls into rhetoric,
sponse to a request from Louis XVI. for his never makes points, and never puts himself in
opinion in writing in relation to the part any degree into a controversial attitude. Out
France ought to take in the American war. of the wealth of his knowledge he draws noth-
Vergennes, Secretary of Foreign Affairs, had ing that he does not need. Often the results
determined to declare war against England, of years of investigation are summarized in a
ostensibly in aid of the Colonies. Turgot, for single paragraph. Matters still under dispute
many statesmanlike reasons which I cannot as the inheritance of acquired characters —
here recite, advised the king to give the col- are passed by without mention, as not yet a
onies every possible assistance allowed by an part of science. Every effort is made to con-
honorable neutrality, but not to declare war in centrate attention on that which is known and
their favor. Vergennes cared nothing for the essential to the doctrine of the development of
American cause.
species through natural selection.
in which men struggled for freedom. His whole The analogies between changes in words by
official life was a protest against the restrictions natural selection and changes in species are
which monopoly imposed upon industry and well brought out by Professor Marshall. The
trade within the limits of France. He did not, physical kinship of man with the lower ani-
however, believe that the principle governing mals is very clearly shown. He
trade was limited by national boundaries, and “ In fact, unless man wishes to continue going about
that restrictions upon it ceased to be injurious the world stamped with living and palpable proof of
when they become colonial or international; * LECTURES ON THE DARWINIAN THEORY. By the late
and in his last state paper he declared that the Arthur Milnes Marshall, M.A., M.D., D.Sc., F.R.S., Profes-
sor of Zoology in Owens College, formerly Fellow of St. John's
independence of the English colonies would dis-
College, Cambridge. Edited by C. F. Marshall, M.D., B.Sc.,
sipate the delusion which for two centuries had F.R.C.S. New York: Macmillan & Co.
-
He says:


1895.]
141
THE DIAL
his kinship with lower animals, he had better stop up concern here. Science has nothing to do with such mat-
his ears, or, still better, cut them off altogether; for so ters, and has nothing to say for or against them.”
long as he bears at the side of his head those tell-tale
flaps, with their aborted and rudimentary muscles, so
One slight error may be noted. Surely the
long as he hears by means of that slit, once a gillcleft,
lung of mammals is not derived from the swim-
now by change of function become an accessory organ
bladder of fishes. The swim-bladder is a de-
of hearing, so long does he carry about in sight of all
generate organ, existing in all stages of degra-
men sure proof of his relationship with lower, even with dation. It was developed from a respiratory
water-breathing, animals. Yet one can scarcely recom-
structure which in land animals has culminated
mend the operation, for if you were to remove one by
one the various parts of your body which proclaim this
in the lung.
kinship, you would get rid in succession of skin, mus- Professor Marshall's lectures are printed in
cles, nerves, bones, etc., and all that would be left in
a handsome volume, with new and excellent
the end as man's special and peculiar possessions would
illustrations.
be: (1) certain parts of his brain, and these only doubt-
DAVID S. JORDAN.
fully; (2) the extensor primi internodii pollicis muscle,
which straightens the first joint of the thumb; (3) the
peroneus tertius, a small muscle in front of the lower
part of the leg and ankle, inserted into the base of the
little toe; (4) certain portions of other muscles.
THE BASES OF APPRECIATION IN ART.*
“ Again, if we turn from bodily structure to the other Mr. Marshall's more popular presentation of
characteristics of man, we find the same tendency to
the subject of Æsthetics has to contend with a
over-population, resulting in the same struggle for ex-
istence and the same survival of the fittest. Indeed, it
difficulty that confronts any other book on the
was from the study of Malthus' · Essay on Population' theory of art. The “ general reader" does not
that Darwin was led to the theory of Natural Selection. desire instruction on the topic. Political econ-
So it is with the history of the rise and fall of nations,
omy is one of those matters on which, accord-
with the evolution of human speech, customs, and cloth-
ing. All alike conform to the same laws as those regu-
ing to common feeling, any voter has as good
lating the structure and habits of other animals. And a right to an opinion as the most devoted and
so with the influence of man on other animals; the ad- learned student. Such is also the case in mat-
vent of man has simply been the arrival of another ani-
ters pertaining to the fine arts, with the addi.
mal, better equipped, and more cunning, more cruel,
than any other; acting with supreme selfishness; toler-
tion that here special thought and exact knowl-
ating the existence of other animals only when they can
edge are usually held to cloud and befog the
be made subservient to his own wants or pleasures; freshness necessary to excellent views on the
ruthlessly exterminating all that offends or thwarts him. subject. In literature, in painting, and else-
His only kindness is merely a nominal exception, for if
where, the generally accepted dictum is, “I
perchance he appear kindly disposed to certain animals,
it is only to satisfy his own selfish ends, that he may
don't know anything about the rules of art, but
fleece them of their coats or pluck them of their feath-
I know what I like," with which is coupled a
ers to adorn himself; or to fatten them, that they may firm determination not to like anything that one
acquire a flavour more acceptable to his palate.' doesn't want to of one's own mere motion, and,
Again, referring to Language, Professor indeed, not to submit to any interference that
Marshall observes :
in any respect smacks of thought or knowledge
“ Language has been said to be the one great differ- of the matter in hand.
ence between man and brutes,' and an insurmountable Discussions, then, of the reasons which un-
obstacle to the theory of alliance by descent.' This has derlie our artistic appreciation, and principles
been urged even by those who accept the theory as ap- which
may
be deduced as to what is better to like
plying to all other animals.
and what worse, are sure to meet at the outset
“ But bas not language a history, has it not been
evolved gradually, and is it not constantly, even daily,
with a good deal of indifference and prejudice
undergoing change? Is not this evolution, are not in the mind of the general reader. The psy.
these changes of a nature precisely similar to those which chologist, the critic, the art student, may wel-
have governed the animal kingdom in other branches,
come a new theory; a few thinking readers
and have made it what it is at the present day ?”
may be interested ; but unless it is presented
The controverted questions as to man's spir- in a particularly persuasive manner, the hearts
itual kinship with the beasts are brushed aside, of most readers do not warm to it. It is
per-
perhaps too easily, on the doubtful ground that haps just as well. Æsthetics is a science, and
science has nothing to say regarding them. so demands in the reader a certain tempera-
“Whether there is anything further than this,- ment and a certain preparation. As most peo-
whether man has other attributes, either peculiar to ple have neither the temperament nor the pre-
himself or held by him in common with other animals,
whether these are attributes that cannot be explained * ÆSTHETIC PRINCIPLES. By Henry Rutgers Marshall.
by these laws,— is a question with which we have no New York: Macmillan & Co.


142
(Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
>
paration, they can no more understand fully a a very happy one. When we have looked at
theory of the beautiful than they can a theory a picture, or read a book, or heard music, or
of the origin of species.
anything of the sort, we never think of our-
In spite of this, some books on ästhetic sub- selves as observers. When we think of an ob-
jects have such a charm or power of presenta- server we think of somebody studying the habits
tion as to have been a good deal read." Taine's of the domestic fly, or the tendencies of our
works, especially the “English Literature,” and present social system, or something of the sort.
Ruskin's - Modern Painters,” are
cases in
Where art is concerned, we are hardly obsery-
point. These books owed their popularity ers, we are enjoyers. But “enjoyer" is a ridicu-
chiefly to their style. Now, unfortunately, Mr. lous word, and when we try for another we have
Marshall has not any special gift of style. He no easy task in improving Mr. Marshall's ter-
writes clearly and concisely: he is not in the minology: amateur, art-lover, connoisseur,
present book at least) a difficult author. But none of them give us anything of the idea we
he has not any special gift of popular exposi- have in mind, of the normal person of cultiva-
tion. “Æsthetic Principles” can be read easily tion who receives enjoyment from the various
enough if one is determined to read it, but it forms of art. In spite of all this, however, one
has no charm, it does not tempt the indifferent cannot remain contented with “ observer”; it
to continue; unless impelled by his own zeal, introduces into the idea a dry scholastic ele-
the reader is not unlikely to faint by the way- ment, which should be very foreign to it. As
side. Despite the effort to the contrary, the to the use of the word artist for “ the æsthetic
book is somewhat arid.
worker in each and all of the varied fields in
This is the more unfortunate, since Mr. Mar- which beauty is of moment,” that use of the
shall has much that would be of use to just the word has been so long habitual to many writers,
sort of reader whom he will fail to interest. If that even those who usually understand by it
one can emerge from the class of readers in “painters and draughtsmen only” will be ready
question and realize that we have here a dis- to extend their conception.
cussion of a profoundly interesting topic, one Beginning, then, with this division of our
will find in “Æsthetic Principles a great study into three topics — the Observer's, the
deal that is worth while. Mr. Marshall's first Artist's, the Critic's Standpoints — we get at
.
book was original and scholarly ; so is this one, once a good way out of Egypt, and come to
and also far simpler and less technical. Mr. Marshall's special theory. As to this the-
One great excellence, on the whole the first ory, on which the book is built, it is not nec-
to be remarked, is that Mr. Marshall not only essary to discuss it now. It is, of course, the
recognizes that there are different points of theory propounded more fully and scientifically
view in this matter, but plans his book on that in the author's “ Pain, Pleasure, and Æsthet-
basis. People are apt to read different things ics,” published a year or so ago in book form,
about art,
a bit from Taine, as has been said, and before that in one of the philosophical
something of Ruskin's perhaps, and some hard journals. It is a theory which calls for the
saying of Hegel,- and there is generally a bad special criticism of the psychologist: the gen-
hitch when they try to coördinate their views. eral reader is no better off if one authority pro-
They seem to be on wholly different topics. nounces it sound, and no worse off if another
Everybody doesn't know, or doesn't see at once, authority pronounces it fallacious. The chief
that Taine is generally concerned with those point of interest, I believe, is that it is a theory
forces which go to produce a work of art, while which is stimulating and suggestive. Once get
Ruskin is apt to be thinking of those forces which hold of the idea, that, for each man, that is
a work of art tends to produce, and Hegel con- beautiful which results in pleasurable “ reviv-
siders beauty rather in itself than as a cause or als," or recollections, and that he will do well
an effect. Mr. Marshall begins almost at once to think beautiful that which results in pleas-
with “ two different standpoints: first, the Ob- urable recollections to the ideal type of the cul-
server's Standpoint,' relating to the field of tivated man (the æsthetic man, if we do well
Impression; and, second, the · Artist's Stand- to imitate the Frankenstein of the political
point,' which deals with the Art Instinct.” And economists), once get a good idea of what is
the first of these is developed into a Critic's meant by this conception and of the possible
Standpoint; which gives us three ways of look- applications of it, and one finds a sort of spur,
ing at the matter.
and at the same time a help, in thinking about
The term “ observer” does not seem to me some things that have been puzzling.
6


1895.]
143
THE DIAL
66
66
a
a
Many people will seriously object to the as-
SEVEN BOOKS OF TRAVEL.*
sumption that the aim of art is only to give
pleasure. The objection comes from the dif- Mr. Swettenham, the author of Malay Sketches,”
ferent ideas of pleasure that people have. Some informs us that his is “not a book of travels,” but
people regard pleasure as being at bottom a
rather " a series of sketches of Malay scenery and
deceitful, grovelling evil. Others conceive more
Malay character, drawn by one who has spent the
readily of pleasures which are candid and noble,
best part of his life in the scenes and amongst the
which do not lead astray, but carry us to places people he describes.” We judge, however, that an
account by a foreigner resident in strange lands is,
where we say, “ It is good for us to be here.'
Naturally enough, those who think of pleasure mere fact that one writes from a foreign country
in a large and true sense, a book of travel. The
as something essentially low do not feel that from a stationary point of view, as in Mrs. Martin's
mere pleasure is a very good aim for art or for “Ostrich Farm,” Lady Barker's “ South Africa,”
anything else. Mr. Marshall, however, under- or Mr. Swettenham's “ Malay Sketches,” does not
stands by pleasure a quality which may belong debar the work from being considered a book of
to any element of consciousness. It is subject travels. One who stops in a country a few years,
ive: the pleasures of a noble man are noble, the
a
and gives us a book about it, does not radically
pleasures of a degraded man are not. The
differ from him who stops a month and gives us a
pleasures of a good man are in good things, and English Government in Perak, a division of the
chapter. Mr. Swettenham is connected with the
they lead him to desire them. The pleasures Malay Peninsula ; and he has there made the ob-
of our artistic type are, then, of a fine and in-
servations upon which this book is based. It is his
spiring kind; they are not Capuan in charac-object to put before us the real Malay in his own
ter, nor is their effect relaxing. But the word environment; to give us an intimate knowledge of
“ Hedonist” has a bad sound in the ears of a his appearance, character, and habits. But we are
nation which has not forgotten the Puritans, disappointed in finding that this Malay is not, after
and there will be many who will not be able to
all, the real aboriginal one, but the Islamized, and
think with equanimity of pleasure as the aim
to some extent Europeanized, one. This modernized
of art.
Malay, who dynamites fish, who has tricycles and
music-boxes, who is under police and judges, is de-
However this may be, Mr. Marshall shows
scribed by our author simply and clearly. Still, de-
how the assumption gives a basis to the art-
scription of scenery and people, even when good, is
lover, the artist, the critic. He then proceeds inferior to illustration, which this book entirely
to amplify the last topic in a discussion of “gen-
a
lacks. A lifelike picture of a Perak Malay would
eral laws of æsthetic practice from a consider- save many words of description, and help the reader
ation of the conditions upon which pleasure-
to realize his characteristics. Mr. Swettenham offers
getting depends.” Here we may leave the to "the jaded pleasure-seekers of the West” a new
subject, with a single remark.
form of amusement practised by the Malays, namely,
I have said that Mr. Marshall has not the sliding down a waterfall into a pool at the base.
gift of a persuasive and engaging style. He
He has probably never heard of our water-chutes.
His chapter on the running âmok does not enlighten
has, however, a very nice way of working his
us much as to its real nature and causes. Again,
principles out into applications which take our
he asserts that the Malays cannot be christianized,
attention at once. We are attracted by his de- but still, in his opinion, they are not to be swept out
veloping the conclusion that an early disposi- of existence by superior races ; two opinions that are
tion to draw pictures does not constitute a di-
MALAY SKETCHES. By Frank Athelstane Swettenham.
vine call to an artist's life; we see that we have
New York: Macmillan & Co.
to do, not with a mere theorizer, but with a THE GREAT FROZEN LAND: Narrative of a Winter Jour-
scholar who has his own outlook on the world.
ney across the Tundras and a Sojourn among the Samoyads.
By Frederick George Jackson. Edited, from his Journals,
So, also, when he shows us that bad architec-
by Arthur Montefiore. New York: Macmillan & Co.
ture is a lasting calamity, that it is impossible RUSSIAN RAMBLES. By Isabel F. Hapgood. Boston:
that everyone should enjoy the best art, espe-
Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
THE BORDERLAND OF CZAR AND KAISER: Notes from
cially such as have always lived in the “slums,"
both sides of the Russian Frontier. By Poultney Bigelow.
that although different people must like differ- Illustrated by Frederic Remington. New York: Harper &
ent things, some are better worth liking than
Brothers.
THE GREAT DOMINION : Studies of Canada. By George
others, and so on. Such points serve a double
R. Parkin, M.A. New York: Macmillan & Co.
purpose: they are hints to us for our own think-
OUR WESTERN ARCHIPELAGO. By Henry M. Field. With
ing, and they give us confidence in our author,
Illustrations. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
a confidence in this case not undeserved.
MY EARLY TRAVELS AND ADVENTURES IN AMERICA AND
Asia. By Henry M. Stanley, D.C.L. In two volumes. Now
EDWARD E. HALE, JR. York: Charles Scribner's Sons.


144
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
not supported by due evidence. On the whole, this this great frozen land. Everywhere is snow, everywhere
book does not attain its object; it is not a deep study,
the vast white plains. In the perspective of distance,
and the reader gets merely a few rather superficial
the very ridges melt into the general level; and as you
glimpses of this interesting people. The writer's
look around, everywhere you are met with the same
point of view is, after all, that of an outsider and
great mantle of unbroken snow. The country lies be-
fore you as an earth that is dead, so still, so motionless,
of one in authority. If some artistic realist, like
so rigid is the landscape. Life has fled before the icy
Miss Wilkins, would go to Perak and write tales winds which draw out of the north, and the land you
full of local color, we should gain that complete pic- traverse is surely the land of death. There is scarcely
ture of the Malay which this book cannot give us. the cry of a single bird to break upon the ear in this
Mr. F. G. Jackson, in the expedition which he
untenanted wilderness; the very streams are motionless
describes in “The Great Frozen Land,” had two
masses of ice.
Track there is none, and you may wan-
der east, west, north, and south, without a landmark to
objects in view : "the first and more important was
set you right. Day after day and week after week you
to experiment with and test a selected variety of deer will gallop along their frozen way, and your com-
equipment, clothing, and food, under the conditions
pass, or, if the grey clouds will lift for a while, the stars
of an Arctic winter, in order that the results of this in the heaven above, will be your only guide.”
experience might be utilized in the more prolonged This book is a conscientious piece of work. It is
and far more difficult journey contemplated to the well illustrated, and is provided with very good
unknown Arctic area north of Franz Josef Land.”
maps. It concludes with chapters on Language and
The second object was " to visit and, for some on Folk-Tales, and with appendices of scientific
months, to live with that primitive group of the hu- value. While on the whole it appeals more to the
man family, the Samoyads of the Great Frozen scientist and explorer, the book possesses no little
Tundra of Arctic Russia.” These two objects Mr.
interest for the general reader.
Jackson fairly accomplished in his journey through
Siberia and Lapland in the winter of 1893–94. To
Miss Hapgood is well and favorably known as a
the general reader, the most interesting part of his
translator of the works of Tolstóy (as she spells
book is that which describes the rude Samoyads.
the name). In her volume of “ Russian Rambles,"
Mr. Jackson thus pictures a night halt at a wayside
which is largely a reprint of magazine articles, she
hut or choom :
seeks to dispel “some of the absurd ideas which
“ As we found three Samoyads there, we made in all
are now current about Russia,” that is, ideas of
a party of nine in a choom nine by ten. And I must not Russia as a country full of despotic cruelty, of start-
forget - indeed, I cannot forget — that in addition to lingly strange customs, and where the visitor is being
these, there was a Samoyad baby of about eighteen constantly dogged by a lynx-eyed police. She de-
months, who kept up a vigorous crying and made itself nounces (p. vi.) as an incredible yarn the story that a
generally felt. My companions, including the Russian, peasant was met on the Nevsky Prospekt, “ holding
were soon deep in a feast on raw reindeer, and the Sam-
in his hand a live chicken, from which he was taking
oyad lady on my right comfortably seated herself on the
occasional bites, feathers and all." However, her
ground and placed the stomach of a deer on her lap.
It was full of blood, and she dipped in it the pieces of
own story (p. 115) about "people walking along
raw meat she was eating. As the coloured candles
the streets with bunches of pea-vines, from which
the same as they use before their ikons—flared and flick- they were plucking the peas, and eating them, pods
ered, the blood-smeared faces of these hungry eaters and all, quite raw,” might seem to some people a
framed in a strange circle of primitive life. However, doubtful tale. Miss Hapgood is too severe in her
hunger provided sauce and overlooked surroundings, constant polemic against other writers. Others need
and I supped well, and then tried to thaw the sleeping- not be disbelieved in order to believe her. If she
bag, which had frozen hard after getting wet (we had had comparatively little annoyance from the pass-
been driving in 14° F. of frost), but the attempt was
port system, and the censorship, for example, this
not very successful, and I had eventually to sleep on
the ground in my clothes. It was amusing to see the
was largely due to her tact and knowledge of the
baby, which had been sitting up and had eaten a fairly
native language. One official, indeed, was so im-
good supper of raw meat, put to bed by its mother. She pressed by her proficiency that,
first wrapped it in furs, then placed it in a box shaped Rising, drawing himself up, with the heels of his high
like a coffin, and laced it in with narrow strips of hide, wrinkled boots in regulation contact, and the scarlet
80 that it was not only impossible for it to fall out, but pipings of his baggy green trousers and tight coat brist-
also very difficult for it even to move.
ling with martial etiquette, he made me a profound
And yet these people who live on raw meat, and
bow, hand on heart, and said : •Madam, accept the
who never bathe or change their clothes, are affected
thanks of Russia for the high honor you have done her
in learning her difficult language.'
by the ceramic craze, their chief treasures being
china cups and saucers. Though publicly Chris-
Miss Hapgood has kept the best wine to the last;
tians, in private they are pagans. Mr. Jackson's
her earlier chapters are rather inferior in interest
description of the frozen Siberian marsh or Tundra and style to the later ones. Four out of the eleven
is impressive :
pages of Chapter IV., “ Bargaining in Russia,”
“Nothing I know of in nature can equal the dreari-
taken up with a description of furs and Russian
ness and solitude of the Tundra. Mile after mile, as
houses. For the best remarks on bargaining and
you travel along, there is no break in the monotony of / shopping, see pp. 109 ff. Chapters V.-VIII. and
66
are


1895.]
145
THE DIAL
His very
X.-XI. may be recommended as the most entertain- cellent
maps, and of especial interest to the intend-
ing and instructive in the book. Miss Hapgood ing settler or investor. It is for the most part a
became quite intimately acquainted with Count reprint of letters to the “ London Times," and takes
Tolstoy, and her description of the man is very in- on the whole a very optimistic view of Canada as
teresting and seems quite veracious.
a British possession. He regards the annexation
“I am aware that it has become customary of late to movement as practically dead.
call Count Tolstoy crazy,' or 'not quite right in the “In 1892, some remnant of this feeling could yet be
head,' etc. The inevitable conclusion of any one who discovered; in 1894 it was gone. The unparalleled
talks much with him is that he is nothing of the sort; wave of business depression which swept over the United
but simply a man with a hobby or an idea. His idea hap- States during the interval; the spectacle of Coxeyite
pens to be one which, granting it ought to be adopted armies of the unemployed moving on Washington; of
by everybody, is peculiarly difficult in his own case. Atlantic steamboats crowded with emigrants returning
And it is an uncomfortable theory of self-denial which from the United States; of industry paralyzed by strikes
very few people like to have preached to them in any which divided authority made it difficult to repress,-
form. Add to this that his philosophical exposition of all made Canadians more conscious than they had ever
his theory lacks the clearness which generally — not been before of the serious social and political problems
always—results from a course of strict preparatory train- which their neighbours have to confront. The fact that
ing, and we have more than enough foundation for the Canada's industrial condition was meanwhile scarcely
reports of his mental aberration. On personal acquain- affected, emphasized the advantages of her independent
tance he proves to be a remarkably earnest, thoroughly position on the continent."
convinced, and winning man, although he does not de- The Great Canadian Northwest is rapidly filling
liberately do or say anything to attract one.
up with desirable immigrants. There are now ten
earnestness is provocative of argument.”
thousand Icelanders in Manitoba. Further, there
Miss Hapgood falls often into the easy fault of is a considerable immigration from the United
travellers, of using foreign words without due ex- States, especially from Dakota, Nebraska, and
planation. For instance, on pages 250-251, there Washington. This, however, is more than offset by
,
are five Russian words at whose meaning we are the emigration of French Canadians into “ the
left to guess (cf. pages 87, 106, 243, 249). If Rus- States,” though Mr. Parkin regards M. Louis Frech-
sian words must be used, there should be a glossary. ette's estimate, in “ The Forum,” of eleven to twelve
But on the whole, this is a very commendable book. hundred thousand Canadians now resident in the
Miss Hapgood, by knowing the language and going United States, as much exaggerated." Yet I find
without guides, improved the opportunity, during a that the census returns show over one million immi-
two-years residence in Russia, of coming to a direct grants into this country from Canada during the last
knowledge of the people and of the country, and thirty years, and it must be apparent that Frechette's
she has given expression to these experiences in a is rather an under estimate. Moreover, the French
bright femininely written account. Certain surface Canadian is enormously prolific. On this point,
aspects of Russian life are pleasantly and truthfully Mr. Parkin himself says:
treated, and if this was the aim of the book it is
“Three or four years ago the government of the
certainly a success.
province, reverting to the policy of the French Kings
If Miss Hapgood gives us the brighter side of
in the early days of Canadian colonization, instituted a
system of premiums on large families, by offering to
Russian life, Mr. Bigelow, in “The Borderland of
give a grant of a hundred acres of land to all heads of
Czar and Kaiser,” emphasizes the darker side. To
families who had twelve or more children. This grant
Mr. Bigelow, Russia is a “sad gray land,” a “mourn- has already been made in nearly 2000 cases, and appli-
ful empire," where the unmitigated political despot- cations are said to be flowing in. Families of twenty
ism of the czar and his officials, the religious despot children are common; families of twenty-five or more
ism of a fanatical priesthood, and the financial des- are not unknown.”
potism of the avaricious Jew, make life not worth Mr. Parkin emphasizes the perfect security to life
the living. Further, he regards the peasantry as a and property in Canadian frontier life as a contrast
hopeless race of dull and shiftless drunkards. The to the lawlessness so often displayed in the Western
book is mostly made up of a series of conversations life of the United States. However, he says
noth-
with chance acquaintances. But Mr. Bigelow in ing about the Indian difficulties in the Canadian
this way gets too much at second-hand to make his Northwest, nor does he even refer to the Indian
work either very reliable or interesting. His studies problem at all.
are not independent, unbiassed, first-hand impres-
M. Field, the veteran traveller and
sions, and seem hardly candid or thorough. In
writer of travels, in his last book, “Our Western
these respects, however, his remarks on Germany Archipelago,” gives an account of an Alaskan
are more satisfactory than the Russian sketches.
trip. However, less than seventy pages of the two
Most if not all of the material has previously ap-
hundred and fifty are concerned with Alaska, the
peared in “Harper's Magazine.” The book is clev-
rest being a description of the outward trip by the
erly illustrated by Mr. Frederic Remington.
Canadian Pacific Railway, and the journey back by
In “ The Great Dominion,” Mr. Parkin has given way of the Northern Pacific and through Yellow-
us a good book of information, provided with ex- stone Park. These familiar letters of travel con-
a
Dr. H


146
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
a
6
a
6
tain little that is new, or of great interest. The Louis, and a New York paper.” As special corre-
style is rather diffuse and garrulous, although some- spondent, Mr. Stanley accompanied General Han-
times the garrulity may be even attractive, as in cock, and, later, General Sherman, in expeditions
Chapters V. and VI. In the opening of Chapter against the Indians; and he narrates in vigorous
XXIII. is a suggestive account of a bear who do- and terse style many incidents of Indian and fron-
mesticated himself at a Yellowstone Park hotel as tier life. The book throbs with the wild and pro-
readily as a sparrow; and we quote this account gressive spirit of the sixties in Kansas, Nebraska,
as an example of Mr. Field's method of descrip- and Colorado, and will be found very interesting by
tion:
all who have had any experience of pioneer life.
“He was not an old acquaintance, as he had come The story of the Plum Creek Massacre is particu-
from the woods only a week or two before, but was of larly vivid. Mr. Stanley's description of the buffalo
such a domestic turn of mind that he made himself at
is quotable:
home anywhere, whether under the greenwood tree,'
“Until to-day we were not prepared to accept all the
or under a house or barn. But in coming to abide with
statements we heard about the numbers of buffalo on
men he did not submit to be a servant under bondage,
the plains, for prairie folk are like sailors, fond of em-
to be confined in a cage or held by a chain; but was a
bellishing the truth. When we were told that the prai-
free and independent citizen, free in all his goings out
rie has been so packed with them that one might walk
and comings in, as if he took the place of a faithful old
on their backs for ten miles, we set it down to the nar-
servitor, who has earned the right to have his own way;
rator's desire to express a countless number, rather than
to have the run of the kitchen, or what was thrown out
as a literal fact. When they swore that, not many years
from it; and in all respects to live as a pensioner of the
family. . . . I was curious to see this addition to the
ago, military expeditions were compelled to mow a pas-
family, and asked • Where is he?' with vague suspicions
sage through them with grape shot from their howit-
that he might be a myth. But · No, no,' said the inn-
zers, we thought they were taking advantage of the
keeper; · by and by he will make his appearance. Per-
credulity of youth, and inwardly lamented their de-
pravity. We are becoming wiser every day, however.
haps he is here now.' With tha he went about the
We think of all the bales of buffalo robes annually ex-
house, looking underneath it, till suddenly he exclaimed,
• Why, there he is.' I was down on my knees in an in-
ported East, of
the many thousands of hides required
by the 150,000 Indians of the plains for their wigwams,
stant, and sure enough, right under the floor, indeed,
of the thousands of robes in use among the military
under my very feet, where I had been writing, was what
and civilians out West; and we are not so skeptical as
might be a bear or a buffalo. The next thing was to
formerly. We have seen many herds at various times,
stir him up, and make him show himself. The master
of the house tried to poke him with a stick, but had not
but to-day we had the pleasure of seeing ten great
herds, of about a thousand head each, guarded by their
one long enough. Then he threw stones at him. But
the thick brown hair was proof against stones, and the
sentries and videttes, which suspiciously watched our
burly old creature slept on with proper contempt of the
advance, and continually snorted the alarm to the re-
pygmies that were trying to disturb his repose. I con-
spective hosts. It was to me a thrilling sight.”
fess, I rather respected him for his royal indifference Occasionally these letters show defective editing,
to his puny assailants. The landlord apologized for his thus (p. 157), a “first letter” is referred to, which
want of deference to his visitors, but explained it thus:
nowhere appears.
And again (p. 160), there is a
• The old fellow takes his time about everything. He hiatus after “when it had gathered.” If most of
has probably been off in the woods to visit his family,
the official speeches and all the official letters and
to see Mrs. Bear and his children or grandchildren, and
inventories (as on pp. 45, 135, 229), and all other
is now a little tired. By and by he will wake up and
feel hungry, and then he will come round to the door
matter of historical value, but of no interest to the
for his breakfast, which he will take from our hands as
general reader, had been relegated to an appendix,
if he were a Newfoundland dog.'”
and the remaining matter were disconnected from
Dr. Field's pleasant, easy-going, optimistic person-
the epistolary form and chronological order, and
ality permeates the whole book. He was accom-
thrown by subjects into chapters, we would have a
very interesting book. As it is, the reader must do
panied by his niece, and his references to her are
hardly in taste in a book designed for the general
some judicious skipping, which is always vexatious.
reader. Thus, “Oh, dear, oh, dear, my poor
Mr. Stanley's second volume contains newspaper
little
chicken, that was hardly out of the hen-coop,” etc.
letters on the inauguration of the Suez Canal, on a
(p. 235). Mr. Field's remarks regarding his friends
Nile trip, on explorations in Jerusalem, and on a
are apt to be rather fulsome; as, for instance, in
journey to Persia. Some of this material may have
regard to Lord Dufferin and Mr. Harper (pp. 21,
a historical value, but to the general reader much
in these reports will appear dry and perfunctory.
25). The book is illustrated with process cuts, and
is provided with a map.
Some portions of the Persian journey may be read
with interest, particularly the visit to Teheran.
The first volume of Mr. Henry M. Stanley's la-
However, most of the topics discussed have been
test work, “My Early Travels and Adventures in
much more fully and better treated by other writers.
America and Asia,” is a series of letters, which, as
In short, we do not think this book will much en-
he himself acknowledges, “ were not written with a
hance Mr. Stanley's reputation. He has given us
view to permanent publication, but for the exacting
the scrapings from his barrel, and we find them
and imperious necessities of American newspapers, little satisfying
principally for The Missouri Democrat' of St.
HIRAM M. STANLEY.
a
>


1895.]
147
THE DIAL
was as
when it was discovered that she was the winner of
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
the greatest scientific honor ever gained by a woman,
A sensible book
The misgiving with which we natur- one of the greatest, indeed, to which anyone can
aboul America, ally take up a book about the United aspire, the Bordin prize from the French Aca-
by a Frenchwoman. States, written by a foreigner after demy of Science. The jury of the Academy made
a few months' sojourn in the country, is soon dis- the award in entire ignorance that the winner was
pelled after opening the pages of Madame Blanc's a woman, though it doubled the prize (making it
(Th. Bentzon) “ The Condition of Woman in the five thousand francs) on account of the “quite ex-
United States," in Miss Alger's excellent transla- traordinary service rendered to mathematical phy-
tion (Roberts). The accomplished author has wisely sics by this work.” These brilliant achievements
added the modest sub-title, “ A Traveller's Notes, were terminated by Sonya Kovalevsky's death, at
thus saving the reader all disappointment at a some- the early age of forty-one. The event called out
what careless composition, or rather disposition of remarkable manifestations of sympathy and appre-
the material, for the style is all that could be de- ciation. Telegrams of condolence poured in from
sired. Less stimulating to thought than more pre- | nearly all parts of the civilized world ; cartloads of
tentious publications of this class by writers with flowers were heaped upon her grave; Russian women
whom philosophizing is more of a profession, Mme. resolved to erect a monument on her tomb at Stock-
Blanc's chapters appeal rather to the emotions, and holm. Yet Sonya Kovalevsky was the last woman to
will be read with satisfaction and profit by those be satisfied with being regarded simply as a kind of
not
very
familiar with the amount of good done in mental giant, a woman with an unusually developed
this country by individual women and women's or- brain. Her emotional nature — the hunger of the
ganizations. For the interest of the book centres heart for loving and for being loved
in its subject, not in its foreign authorship, though strongly marked as her intellectual development.
the latter frequently heightens the relief in which There was thus in her life a sort of double nature,
things appear.
The vivid accounts of repeated at war with itself; and the story of this life is one of
visits to Hull House, for example, cannot fail to fascinating, almost tragic, interest. She was never
awaken the strongest sympathy for Miss Addams's | happy, even when most honored. Near the close of
noble work. So with regard to other institutions her life she wrote: “ It is a great misfortune to have
in the West and in the East. The generous hos- a talent for science—especially for a woman, who is
pitality enjoyed by the French visitor at the homes forcibly drawn into a sphere of action where she
of so many distinguished women in the land has cannot find happiness.” She considered her life a
not, it seems to us, betrayed her into any indiscre- failure, and said : “Some other human being must
tions, though modesty might have prevented some have received the part of happiness that I longed
of her hostesses from too positively sanctioning all
for and dreamed of." This unusual and engross-
of her statements. Neither, do we believe, will ing life story — in part autobiographical — has been
sensible Americans take umbrage at some instances simultaneously published by the Century Co. and
of candid and good-natured disapproval, out-bal- by Messrs. Macmillan & Co., the first-named using
anced as they are by the author's unrestrained ad- the translation from the Russian made by Miss Isa-
miration for what is good and beautiful. Individ- bel F. Hapgood, and the latter the translation from
ual readers will no doubt occasionally differ with the Swedish made by Louise Von Cossel.
Mme. Blanc in matters of judgment and opinion,
The fifth volume of the new edition
but her book will give rise to no bitterness of feel- Questionable
of Poe's Complete Works (Stone &
ing. Miss Alger contributes to the volume a brief editing of Poe.
biographical sketch of the author, and a strikingly
Kimball) is noteworthy for its reprint
of “ The Journal of Julius Rodman,” not before
good half-tone portrait of the latter is inserted as
This
included in any collection of Poe's tales.
frontispiece.
sketch of adventure along the shores of the Missouri
The remarkable
The life of the remarkable Russian seems almost to have been written to show what the
life-story of a woman, Sonya Kovalevsky, who died romancer could not do: its incident is meagre, char-
Russian woman.
four years ago at Stockholm, is one acterization is entirely lacking, and the style itself
of very uncommon interest. At the age of twenty- is hardly to be recognized. The real inspiration of
four she had received a doctor's degree from the the story was doubtless the unpleasant necessity of
University of Gottingen ; at thirty-one she was made eating. In this volume of the series, and its pre-
a privat-docent by the University of Stockholm, and decessor, the promised notes begin to appear. The
three years later a professor of mathematics (one chronological list of the tales will be gladly con-
of the most distinguished of the University's posi- sulted by all students of them. An equal amount
tions), thus sweeping away the traditions, preju- of research has been devoted to showing that Poe
dices, and customs of centuries. This appointment, borrowed his quotations at second-hand, and para-
made when the universities of Germany would not phrased much of his material in geography and
even consider the question of permitting women to natural history from extant scientific works. The
study in them, made a marked sensation in the value of such scholarship is more questionable. It
learned world. Still another sensation was produced is as if the editor had determined that this luxurious


148
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
se-
edition, with its special paper, its portraits, its sym- nize a good passage than to write one, so the reader
pathetic illustrations, should not delude the public is surer of getting them. This volume, then, has in
into too favorable opinion of the author. Editoral it a great deal that is interesting about books and
criticism nowadays is not depreciative. Imagine reading, and may be confidently recommended to
an edition of Longfellow which should set itself the anyone who desires advice on the subject in hand.
task of indicating that poet's frequent obligation to The cover presents a design having one book in the
his sources ! But Poe, since the days of Griswold, centre between three other books. From the inside
has been doomed to have his fame reduced to its it would appear that these other books must be re-
lowest terms. Fortunately, the most scathing re- spectively by Noah Porter, Hamerton, and Emerson.
buke cannot invalidate the genius of the man who
is to-day the commonplace of the literary conver-
Specimens
A fresh and very acceptable addi-
sation of Frenchmen with Americans, and whose of the humor tion to the “ Library of Humor
of Russia.
poems were esteemed by Dante Rossetti along with
ries (imported by Scribner) is the
Tennyson's.
“Humor of Russia," admirably translated by E. L.
Voynich, and furnished with an introduction by S.
Mr. Frederic Remington's " Pony Stepniak. The translator has aimed to give samples
Far West sketches Tracks” (Harper) embraces fifteen
by Mr. Remington.
not only of the best, but of all, Russian humor; hence
sketches, the drift of which is indi-
her list includes, beside the masters, such names as
cated by such titles as “ Lieutenant Casey's Last Glyeb, Nikolai, V. Slyeptzov, and even Gorboundv.
Scout,” “ A Rodeo at Los Ojos,” “ Coaching In
As M. Stepniak observes, “there is hardly a name
Chihuahua,” “ Policing the Yellowstone," "A Merry
worth mentioning that could be added to these.”
Christmas in a Sibley Tepee,” etc. Little need be
Among the selections are Gogol's “Marriage" and
said of Mr. Remington as a delineator of Far
"A Madman's Diary,” Shchedrin's (Saltykov)
Western life and types. His studies, descriptive
“ The Self-Sacrificing Rabbit,” Dostoyevsky's “The
and pictorial, of the “Cow-puncher," the “Grea-
Crocodile," Gorbound's "La Traviata," and Step-
ser,” the post soldier, etc., are inimitable in their
niak's delightful “Story of a Kopeck." The book
way, and the present work contains some of the
sparkles from end to end with good things, and the
best things he has given us. The volume is a hand-
collection is fairly representative.
some one, and the seventy odd drawings are done
in the author's usual spirited, if somewhat over-
literal, style. We have spoken before of the com-
ical Muybridge effects of Mr. Remington's more
BRIEFER MENTION.
miraculous horses.
Richard Whately wrote his “ Historic Doubts Rela-
Safe advice
“ The Choice of Books,” by Charles
tive to Napoleon Buonaparte” (now reprinted by Messrs.
about books
Putnam's Sons) in 1819, to show that theories of evi-
F. Richardson (Lovell, Coryell &
and reading.
dence like those Hume developed in his “ Essay on
Co.), is one of those curious produc- Miracles ” break down in quite a ridiculous fashion when
tions that seem the result of spontaneous genera- applied even to well-known historical facts, and conse-
tion. No date of publishing is given, no hint of quently are not to be trusted in the criticism of the
copyright, no preface, no information concerning Scripture narratives. As a controversial tract belong-
the author, beyond his name; while the contents ing to the first quarter of the century, its reputation
have come together mostly from other publications.
for acuteness need not suffer. Its interest is, however,
We believe that the book was originally published purely historical, because its argument has no point in
about fifteen years ago, by an author who has since
the controversy about more recent methods of criticism.
that time given us some more original work. If
It is not often that a railroad company, desirous of
such be the case, the book may have a certain right providing a seductive handbook for travellers over its
tracks, presses into its service so distinguished a man
to its title, which, if it were a more recent produc-
of letters as Professor Charles G. D. Roberts. This,
tion, would seem to belong to Mr. Frederic Harri-
however, is what has been done by the Dominion At-
Whether this be so or not, it might just as lantic Railway of Nova Scotia, and the resulting book,
appropriately have been called “A Choice from called “The Land of Evangeline,” is equally good read-
Books "; for, as is not uncommon nowadays, it con- ing, whether one travels in Acadia or remains at home.
sists almost entirely of quotations. Of the three It is prettily printed and illustrated, and, we presume,
chapters which we have particularly examined, one distributed free of charge by the company that issues it.
has a sixth original matter, one a fifth, one a fourth. It is a little curious that the sprightly Frenchwoman
In the two hundred pages we have one hundred who writes under the name of “Gyp" should not have
and forty-seven extracts, of which about twenty are
found favor with English translators. Her bright and
two pages or more in length, the others being shorter.
entertaining stories of up-to-date society have a consid-
“In this chapter,” remarks the author on page 27
erable degree of literary merit, and are exceptionally
readable. One of the best of them, “Le Mariage de
(but the limitation was unnecessary), “ I prefer
Chiffon,” recently published in the “Revue de Paris,"has,
express my own conclusions principally in the words
however, just found not one translator, but two – Mr.
of mightier men.” Such a practice has decided Henri Pène du Bois, who calls his version “A Gallic Girl"
advantages to the reader: it is much easier to recog- (Brentano's); and “M. L.J.,” whose translation is more
son.


1895.]
149
THE DIAL
literally styled “Chiffon's Marriage” (Lovell). Both tions, irrespective of creeds, political opinions, races,
books are neatly and attractively made.
and nationalities."
A recent issue of “Sound Currency” reprints from The Hakluyt Society will issue almost immediately a
Mr. W. A. Shaw's “ History of Currency" the chapter volume from the pen of its president, Mr. Clements R.
which discusses bimetallism in France, remarking that Markham, C.B., consisting of a translation of the journal
“ of all the Quaker artillery that has been used by our kept by Pedro Sarmiento during his voyage to Magel-
friends of the Bimetallic League (alias U. S. silver mine lan's strait in 1579 - 80, supplemented by documents
owners), none has done better service than the alleged procured from the archives at Madrid. Another of
experience of France.” Of course, every well-informed the Society's volumes, which, under the joint care of
student of finance knows that France never had bi- Mr. C. A. Gosch and Mr. Miller Christy, deals with the
metallism in the sense of concurrent circulation of the Arctic voyages of Jens Munk and James Hall, is in the
two metals. The superstition is a hard one to kill, and press,
and may be expected shortly; while a commence-
“Sound Currency" provides some effective ammuni- ment has also been made with the printing of Dr. Robert
tion, while its gun is not of the Quaker sort. The semi- Brown's edition of the “ Travels of Leo Africanus."
monthly pamphlets of which this is one are doing ex- A meritorious bit of bibliographical work is the “ Bib-
cellent service in the cause of honest money, and friends liografia di Pompei, Ercolano e Stahia,” by M. Friedrich
of that cause will do well to aid in their circulation. Furchheim. It presents with great exactness the titles
They are issued by the Sound Currency Committee of of the works, both large and small, that have been
the New York Reform Club.
written about the buried cities of Campania, dealing
“Maid Marian ” and “ Crotchet Castle,” combined in with the popular as well as the scientific side. More
a single volume of the Macmillan series of old-fashioned than five hundred titles are given, in one hundred and
fiction reprinted, will be welcome to all existing Pea- sixteen attractively printed pages; and there is an in-
cockians, and will probably bring some new members troduction of fifteen pages (in Italian), giving a general
to that select guild. The introduction to this volume survey of the literature. It is announced that a simi-
is by Mr. George Saintsbury, who has recently discov- lar bibliography covering Vesuvius, Capri, and other
ered in Marmontel's “Contes Moraux " what he believes points of interest about the Bay of Naples, is in prepara-
to be the model tbat Peacock had in view when he tion. (Naples: F. Furchheim, 59 Piazza dei Martiri.)
wrote “ Headlong Hall,” and who has thus brought the The “ Baconian craze " can hardly be said to be ex-
whole Peacockian series of tales into at least a shadowy tinct, since three new books inspired by it are announced
connection with the literature of that period.
two of them by lawyers: Mr. T. S. E. Dixon of Chi-
cago (“ Francis Bacon and his Shakespeare," The Sar-
gent Publishing Co.), and the other by Judge Stotsen-
berg of Indianapolis. The third is a recent German
LITERARY NOTES.
work, a translation of which is promised by Mr. Henry
Mr. Andrew Lang is at work upon a biography of
Brett. The aim of Mr. Dixon's work is stated to be
Lockhart.
“to present, in a critical exposition, the data (almost
The value of Huxley's estate is a little less than nine wholly new) whose consideration has convinced him of
thousand pounds.
Bacon's authorship of the plays. The hypothesis is also
Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons have just added
given a crucial test in a novel and striking interpreta-
“ Leighton Court” to their edition of the novels of
tion of the play of Julius Cæsar,' under the illumina-
Henry Kingsley.
tion afforded by Bacon's acknowledged writings.”
Hypatia” is the first volume of a new “pocket'
The speech made by Professor Charles Eliot Norton
edition of Charles Kingsley's novels, published by
at Ashfield, Mass., about three weeks ago, attracted
Messrs. Macmillan & Co.
much attention by its outspoken strictures upon popu-
lar education in this country. We reproduce the most
The publications of the Century Co. will hereafter be
issued in England by Messrs. Macmillan & Co., who
significant passage of the address: “We speak of popu-
succeed Mr. T. Fisher Unwin in the agency.
lar education as the foundation of republican institu-
tions, and so, indeed, it is. But when we boast that it
“ Richard III.” and “Henry V.,” the newest volumes
exists in America we delude ourselves. We have indeed
of the “ Temple " Shakespeare (Macmillan), delight the
a very imperfect system of popular education, but of
sense no less than have done their many predecessors.
true education of the people there is not enough to guar-
The long looked for “ Letters of Matthew Arnold,”
antee the prosperity of the republic. The minds of
as also the “ Letters of Edward Fitzgerald to Fanny the mass of Americans are still in a prehistoric, or at
Kemble," are promised for the present month by Messrs. least in a mediæval stage. It is folly to call a com-
Macmillan & Co.
munity educated in which such an organization as the
Holger Drachmann, the Danish novelist and poet, a A. P. A. can spread widely. Its members have not
sketch of whose life and work appears in this issue of learned the first, the simplest lesson of good citizenship.
THE DIAL, is shortly to be introduced to merican
The records of our recent Legislatures, the records of
readers by a translation of one of the best and most both houses of Congress, give evidence that a very large
characteristic of his shorter stories –“ Paul and Vir-
proportion of their members have no claim to be recog-
ginia of a Northern Zone,” to be published by Messrs. nized as educated men. The great body of our news-
Way & Williams.
papers in every part of the land not merely display, but
The International Congress of Journalists, now (Sep- contribute to, the lack of education of the community.
tember 13 -17) in session at Bordeaux, is particularly The speeches and the acts of many of our most promi-
occupied with discussing the desirability of a Bureau nent men, public men, men who have had every advan-
Central des Associations de Presse, “ for the purpose of tage that school and college can afford, give proof that
establishing friendly feelings and common action be- their authors belong among the uneducated or the mis-
tween them in regard to all purely professional ques- educated."


150
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
Battles of English History, by H. B. George, M.A., with num-
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF FALL BOOKS.
erous plans, $2. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
Constitutional History of the United States, by George Tick-
In accordance with our established custom, we pre- nor Curtis, Vol. II., $3. (Harper & Bros.)
sent herewith our annual list of the more important History of the People of Israel, by Ernest Renan, Vol. V.,
books to be issued during the Fall season by American
Period of Jewish Independence and Judea under Roman
Rule, $2.50. (Roberts Bros.)
publishers. The list contains nearly seven hundred
Europe in Africa in the Nineteenth century, by Elizabeth
titles, and represents forty-two publishers; the largest Wormeley Latimer, illus., $2.50. (A. C. McClurg & Co.)
number of entries for one house is over a hundred, and Two Years in the Alabama, by. Arthur Sinclair, Lieut.
the smallest is one, the average being about seventeen.
C.S.N., illus., $3.- The Campaign of Trenton, 1776–7, by
The unusual size of the list makes it necessary to ex-
Samuel Adams Drake, 50 cts. - History of the Battle of
Bunker's (Breed's) Hill on July 17, 1775, by George E.
clude juvenile books, the most of which appear
rather
Ellis, D.D., new edition with additions, 50 cts.- Reference
late in the season, and the announcement of which is of Handbook of Grecian History, by the library method, by
minor literary interest. In all other departments, how-
Caroline W. Trask. (Lee & Shepard.)
ever, the list is believed to be full and representative.
The Minute Man on the Frontier, sketches, by the Rev. Will-
iam G. Puddefoot, illus., $1.25. (T. Y. Crowell & Co.)
The proper classification into departments is of course Torch Bearers of History, second series, from the Reforma-
the difficult part, and it is made doubly difficult by the tion to the beginning of the French Revolution, by Amelia
inadequate or misleading information sometimes sup-
Hutchinson Sterling, M.A., 80 cts. (Thos. Nelson & Sons.)
plied. Books that have not yet been received by THE
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
Dial, and hence that have not yet appeared in its regu- Gustave Flaubert, as seen in his works and correspondence,
lar printed List of New Books, are included among the by John Charles Tarver, with portraits, $4. General
books announced, although in some cases the books may
Sherman, by Gen. M. F. Force, in the “Great Comman-
ders Series." (D. Appleton & Co.)
have been actually issued by the time this list is pub-
The Life of Francis Parkman, by Charles H. Farnham, to
lished. The books in the list are presumably all new which is added Mr. Parkman's uncollected papers; with
- new editions not being included unless having new portraits, $2.50. (Little, Brown, & Co.)
form or matter. Some analysis of the list, and com- Napoleon at Iba, and his Last Voyage, being the diaries of
ments upon its more interesting features, may be found
Admiral Sir Thomas Ursher, R.N., and John R. Glover,
secretary to Rear-Admiral Cockburn, illus., $3. – The
in the leading editorial article of this issue.
Great Astronomers, by Sir Robert Ball, $2.50. — From
Manassas to Appomattox, being the memoirs of James
HISTORY.
Longstreet, Lt.-Gen. C.S.A. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
The United States of America, 1765–1865, by Edward Chan- Life and Letters of Louis Agassiz, by Jules Marcou, 2 vols.,
ning. The Beginning of the Middle Ages, by Dean with portraits.- John Knox, by P. Hume_Brown, 2 vols.,
Church, “Eversley Series.". -Western Europe in the Fifth
illus. Dundonnald, by the Hon. J. W. Fortescue, “ En-
Century, by E. A. Freeman. – Western Europe in the glish Men of Action." – Richelieu, by Prof. Lodge,"
For
Eighth Century, by E. A. Freeman.- History of the City eign Statesmen."'- François Severin Marceau, by T. G.
of Rome in the Middle Ages, by Ferdinand Gregorovius, Johnson, with portrait.-The Private Life of Warren Hast-
Vol.
III. – History of Greece from its Commencement to ings, by Sir Charles Lawson, illus.-Life of Henry E. Man-
the Close of the Independence of the Greek Nation, from ning, by Edmund S. Purcell, 2 vols., with portraits. (Mac-
the German of Adolf Holm, Vol. III. - Jewish Life in millan & Co.)
the Middle Ages, by Israel Abrahams.-Essays in Histor- Personal Memoirs of General Grant, new edition from new
ical Subjects, by J. B. Lightfoot, D.D. - History of the plates, with notes by Col. Frederick D. Grant, 2 vols.,
Ptolomies, by the Rev.J.P. Mahaffy.- A History of Man- illus., $5.-- Washington in Lincoln's Time, reminiscences
kind, by Friedrich Ratzel, trans. by A. J. Butler, M.A., of men and events by Noah Brooks, $1.25. (Century Co.)
illus., 3 vols.-The Political History of England, by Gold- Napoleon III., by Pierre de Lano, trans. by Helen Hunt
win Smith.- The King's Peace, a historical sketch of the Jackson, with portrait, $1.25. - Life of Hans Christian
English Law Courts, by F. A. Inderwick, Q.C., illus. - Andersen, by R. Nisbett Bain, with portrait, $3.50.-An-
Outlines of Church History, by Prof. Sohm, trans. by May ecdotal Recollections of Notable People, by Charles K.
Sinclair. — The Oxford Church Movement, sketches and Tuckerman, 2 vols., $5. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
recollections by George Wakeling. – Virgil in the Middle New volumes in the “ Heroes of the Nations "': Charles XII.,
Ages, by Domenico Comparetti, trans. by E. F. M. Ben-
ecke. (Macmillan & Co.)
by R. Nisbett Bain; Lorenzo de' Medicis, by Edward Arm-
strong, M.A.; Joan of Arc, by Mrs. Oliphant; each, illus.,
The Mogul Emperors of Hindustan, 1398-1707, by Edward S. $1.50.-Life and Correspondence of Rufus King, Vol. III.,
Holden, illus., $2.. - The Revolution of 1848, by Imbert de $5. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
Saint Amand, with portrait, $1.25.— The Huguenots and
Memoirs of Constant, first valet de chambre of Napoleon, trans.
the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, by Henry M. Baird, from the French, with introduction by Imbert de Saint
2 vols., with maps, $7.50. (Chas. Scribner's Sons.)
Amand, 4 vols., $5.-Margaret Winthrop, by Alice Morse
Life in the Tuileries under the Second Empire, by Anna L. Earle, with fac-simile reproduction, $1.25. (Chas. Scrib-
Bicknell, illus., $2.25. (Century Co.)
ner's Sons.)
The Story of the Indian, by George Bird Grinnell, first volume Famous Leaders among Women, by Sarah K. Bolton, $1.50.
in the “Story of the West Series,” edited by Ripley Hitch- -Turning Points in Successful Careers, by W.M. Thayer,
cock. (D. Appleton & Co.)
with portraits, $1.50.--Under the Old Elms, personal rec-
The Mycenæan Civilization, trans. from the Greek of Dr. ollections of Charles Sumner, Henry Wilson, and other vis-
Crestos Tsountas, and edited and enlarged by Prof. J. Irv-
itors to Governor Claflin's Newtonville estate, by Mary B.
ing Manatt and Dr. Barker Newhall, illus. – Reconstruc- Claflin, $1. (T. Y. Crowell & Co.)
tion during the Civil War in the United States, by Eben Recollections of the Private Life of Napoleon, by his valet
Greenough Scott. - Papers of the Massachusetts Military de chambre, Constant, trans. by Walter Clark,
3 vols., illus.
Society, edited by Theodore F. Dwight, 2 vols., $4. - Josephine, Empress of the French, by Frederick A.
(Houghton, Mifflin & Co.)
Ober, illus. (Merriam Co.)
The Empire of the Tsars and the Russians, by Anatole Leroy- Recollections of Abraham Lincolr., 1847–1865, by Ward Hill
Beaulien, Vol. III., The Religion, $3. – Traill's Social Lamon, edited by Dorothy Lamon, $1.50. (A. C. Mo-
England, Vol. IV., From the Accession of James I. to the Clurg & Co.)
Death of Anne. $3.50.-History of the Fifth Army Corps, M. Stambuloff, by A. Hulme Beaman, in the “Public Men
by William H. Powell, U. S. A., $6. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.) of To-day Series." (Frederick Warne & Co.)
Turning on the Light, a dispassionate survey of President A Memoir of the late John L. Nevius, D.D., for forty years
Buchanan's administration, from 1860 to its close, by Hor- a Chinese missionary, by his wife, illus. from photographs.
atio King. – The American in Paris, by Dr. Eugene C. (F. H. Revell Co.)
Savidge, a study of phases of the Franco-Prussian war The History of the Hutchinson Family, by John Wallace
outlining the influence of the United States upon the con- Hutchinson, with introduction by Frederick Douglass,
flict, $1. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
illus. (Lee & Shepard.)


1895.]
151
THE DIAL
-
The Life of Joseph Wolf, F.Z.S., Artist and Naturalist, by
A. II. Palmer, with photogravure portrait, illus.- The Life
and Times of Cardinal Wiseman, by Wilfrid Ward. The
Life of Sir Andrew_Clark, Bart., by Malcolm MacColl,
M.A. - The Life of Ford Madox Brown, by Ford Madox
Hueffer, illus.– Frances Mary Buss and her Work for
Education, by Annie E. Ridley.- The Life and Times of
John Kettlewell
, by the author of "Nicholas Ferrar."
(Longmans, Green, & Co.)
The Cabells and their Kin, a memorial volume, by Alexander
Brown, D.C.L., with portraits, $7.50.- Gustavus Adol-
phus, and the art of war from its revival after the Mid-
dle Ages to the end of the Spanish Succession war, by
Theodore Ayrault Dodge, illus., $5. - Townsend Harris,
first American envoy to Japan, by William E. Griffis, D.D.,
with portrait, $2.- William H. Seward, by Thornton K.
Lothrop, in the "American Statesmen Series," $2.50.-
John Knox, by Florence A. MacCunn in the "English
Leaders of Religion Series," $1.- Domenico Morelli, his
life and work, by Ashton R. Willard, illus., $1.25. (Hough-
ton, Mifflin & Co.)
GENERAL LITERATURE.
The Spectator in London, essays by Addison and Steele, illus.
- Letters of Matthew Arnold, 1848-88, collected by George
E. W. Russell, 2 vols.-Function of Criticism, by Matthew
Arnold, Essay on Style, by Walter Pater, 1 vol. – King
Arthur, a play, by J. Comyns Carr. - Literary Types, by
E. Beresford Chancellor, M.A.-- History of English Poet-
ry, by W. J. Courthope, Vol. II.- English Prose, edited
by Henry Craik, Vol. V.-A Brief History of English, by
O. F. Emerson, A.M.-The Letters of Edward Fitzgerald
to Fanny Kemble, edited by William Aldis Wright.
Handbook to the Works of Tennyson, with biography, by
Morton Luce.- Bookbindings, Old and New, by Brander
Matthews, illas., Ex-Libris Series.' Miscellaneous
Studies, by Walter Pater. — Parnassus Library of Greek
and Latin Classics, with introduction but no notes.-Hand-
book of German Literature, by Mary E. Phillips, LL.A.-
Passages from Plato for English Readers, edited by M.J.
Knight. — The Song of Roland, a summary for English
readers, with verse renderings by Arthur Way and Fred-
eric Spencer.- Prose Treatises of Richard Roile of Ham-
pole, edited from unpublished MSS. by Carl Horstman,
Old English Library."--Sheridan's Plays, with introduc-
tion, “Eversley Series."- Ethical Discourses, by Leslie
Stephen, "Ethical Library." - The Greater Victorian
Poets, by Hugh Walker.-Works of William and Dorothy
Wordsworth, 16 vols., each with portrait, Eversley
Series.” (Macmillan & Co.)
From Shakespeare to Pope, by Edmund Gosse, $1.25.-Sen-
tences and Paragraphs, by John Davidson, $1.Selections
from the Speeches and Writings of Abraham Lincoln, by
L. E. Chittenden, with portrait, $1.25.-Charm and Cour-
tesy in Letter Writing, by Frances Bennett Calloway, $1.
(Dodd, Mead & Co.)
The Ideals of German Literature, by Prof. Kuno Francke.
(Henry Holt & Co.)
Victor Hugo's Letters to his Wife, trans. by N. H. Dole,
$1.50. (Estes & Lauriat.)
Little Leaders, by William Morton Payne, $1.50.-
Shelley's
translation of "The Banquet of Plato,” $1.50.- The Death
Wake, or, Lunacy, a necromaunt in three chimeras, by
Thomas T. Stoddard, with introduction by Andrew Lang.
– The Miracles of Madame St. Katherine of Fierbois (1300-
1500), trans., with introduction, by Andrew Lang. (Way
& Williams.)
An Introduction to the Study of Literary Criticism, by Charles
Mills Gayley, A.B., 2 vols. (Ginn & Co.)
Anima Poetæ, selections from the unpublished note-books of
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, edited by Ernest Hartley Cole-
ridge. - Colonial Dames and Goodwives, by Alice Morse
Earle.- Ruling Ideas of the Present Age, by Washington
Gladden, D.D.-A Phrase-Book from the Poetic and Dra-
matic Works of Robert Browning, by Marie Ada Moli-
neux, A.M.--Essays in Miniature, by Alice Repplier, new
and enlarged edition, $1.25.-A Victorian Anthology, con-
taining representative poems by the authors discussed in
“Victorian Poets," selected and edited by E. C. Stedman,
with frontispiece, $2.50.- The Whittier Year Book, pas-
sages from the verse and prose of J. G. Whittier, with por-
trait, $1.- Bahama Songs and Stories, a contribution to
Folk-Lore, by Charles L. Edwards, illus., $3.50. (Hough-
The Helen Jackson Year-Book, selections for each day in the
Year from Mrs. Jackson's Writings, by Harriet T. Perry,
illus., $1.50.- Modern German Literature, by Benjamin
W. Wells, Ph.D., $1.50.-- An Old Convent School, and
other papers, by Susan Coolidge, $1.50.—The Family Let-
ters of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, with memoir by William
Michael Rossetti, 2 vols.,
with portraits, $6.50.- Margaret
and her Friends, or, Ten Conversations with Margaret Ful-
ler, reported by Caroline W. Healey, $1. (Roberts Bros.)
Francis Bacon and his Shakespeare, by Theron S. E. Dixon,
$1.75. (Chicago: Sargent Publishing Co.)
Little Rivers, essays in profitable idleness, by Henry Van
Dyke, D.D., illus. - The Art of Living, by Robert Grant,
illus., $2.50.-American Lands and Letters, by Donald G.
Mitchell, illus.--English Lands, Letters, and Kings, Queen
Anne and the Georges, $1.50.-Reflections and Comments,
1865–1895, by E. L. Godkin.- Side Talks with Girls, by
Ruth Ashmore, $1.-Introduction to Shakespeare, by Ed-
ward Dowden, 75 cts. - Latin Literature, by J. W. Mac-
kail. - The Sherman Letters, edited by Rachel Sherman
Thorndike, new edition, with portraits, $2. (Chas. Scrib-
ner's Sons.)
Beauties of Shakespeare, by the Rev. Wm. Dodd, 2 vols.,
$2.50.- Shakespeare's Heroines on the Stage, by C. E. L.
Wingate, $2. - Sunshine for Shut-Ins, by a Shut-In, 75
cents.- Dr. Miller's Year Book, $1.25.- The Blessing of
Cheerfulness, by the Rev. J. R. Miller, 35 cts. (T. Y.
Crowell & Co.)
The Great Indian Epics, the stories of the Ramayana and the
Mahâbhârata, by Prof. J.C. Owen, with notes, etc., illus.,
$2. (Geo. Routledge & Sons.)
Writings and Correspondence of Thomas Jefferson, Vol. VI.,
$5.-About Men: What Women Have Said, compiled by
Rose Porter, $1.- The Epic of the Fall of Man, a com-
parative study of Cædmon, Dante, and Milton, by S. Hum-
phreys Gurteen, M.A., illus.-Earthwork Out of Tuscany,
being impressions and translations of Maurice Hewlett,
$1.75. - Little Journeys to the Homes of Good Men and
Great, by Elbert Hubbard, illus.- A Literary History of
the English People, by J.J. Jusserand, Part II., From the
Renaissance to Pope, $3.50. Wanderings, Literary and
Historical, by J.J. Jusserand.-Israel Among the Nations,
by Anatole Leroy-Beaulieu, trans. by Frances Hellman. -
Impressions and Memories, by J. Ashcroft Noble, $1.50.
Books and Their Makers during the Middle Ages, by
Geo. Haven Putnam, 2 vols. — Echoes of the Playhouse,
by Edward Robins, Jr., illus. Selected essays from
Schopenhauer, with portrait. — The Literary History of
the American Revolution, 1765-1783, by Moses Coit Tyler,
2 vols. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
Literary Landmarks of Jerusalem, by Laurence Hutton,
illus., 75 cts.– A Study of Death, by Henry Mills Alden,
$1.50. (Harper & Bros.)
Sappho, memoir, text, select renderings, and a literal trans-
lation, by Henry Thornton Wharton, with 3 photograv-
ures, $2.25.
The Journal of Countess Françoise Krasin-
ska in the Eighteenth Century, trans. by Kasimer Dzie-
konska, illus., $1.25.-Knowledge and Culture, by Henry
Matson.- Menticulture, or, the A. B. C. of True Living,
by Horace Fletcher, $1. (A. C. McClurg & Co.)
Vailima Letters, being correspondence addressed to Sidney
Colvin, Nov. '90 to Oct. '94, by Robert Louis Stevenson,
2 vols., $2.25. - Plays of Maurice Maeterlinck, trans. by
Richard Hovey, Vol. II. (Stone & Kimball.)
POETRY.
Last Poems of James Russell Lowell, edited by Charles Eliot
Norton, with a new portrait.- Poems, by Annie Fields.-
Songs from the Golden Gate, by Ina D. Coolbrith, illus.-
The
Tower, with legends and lyrics, by Emma Hunting-
ton Nason.- Ballads of Blue Water, and other poems, by
James Jeffrey Roche. — Poems, by Elizabeth D. B. Stod-
dard, limited edition. - Poems, by Henry D. Thoreau.
(Houghton, Mifflin & Co.)
Sister Songs, by Francis Thompson, $1.50.—Lyrics of Earth,
by Archibald Lampman, $i.25.- Poems, by Alice Mey-
nell, $1.50.—The Hills of Song, by Clinton Scollard, $1.25.
-Esther, a young man's tragedy, together with the love
sonnets of Proteus, $3.50.- Dumb in June, by Richard
Burton, $1.-Apples of Istakhar, by William Lindsay,
$1.25. (Copeland & Day.)
Tales of an Engineer, with rhymes of the rail, by Cy War-
ton, Mifflin & Co.)
Bismarck's Table Talk, edited by Charles Lowe, with por
trait, $2. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
(Chas. Scribner's Sons.)
The Wood Beyond the World, by William Morris, with front-
ispiece by Burne-Jones, $3.- From Dreamland Sent, by
Lilian Whiting, $1.25. (Roberts Bros.)
man.


152
(Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
The Vacant Chair, and other poems, by Henry Stevenson
Washburn, illus. (Silver, Burdett & Co.)
Songs and Other Verses, by Mrs. Radford, limited edition.
(J. B. Lippincott Co.)
Rhymes of Our Planet, by Will Carleton, illus., $1.25. (Har-
per & Bros.)
Volunteer Grain, by Francis F. Browne, limited edition,
$2.25.- Queen Helen, and other poems, by John Vance
Cheney, limited edition, $3.-Vespertilia, and other verses,
by Rosamund Marriott Watson (Graham R. Tomson),
$1.50.—Under the Pines, and other poems, by Lydia Av-
ery Coonley.-A Summer Night, and other poems, by Mrs.
Rosamund Marriott Watson (Graham R. Tomson), $1.25.
-Hand and Soul, by Dante Gabriel Rossetti. (Way &
Williams.)
New volumes in the “Bibelot Series": The Sonnets of Mich-
ael Angelo, now for the first time trans. into English verse,
by John Addington Symonds, $1.; The Blessed Damozel,
a book of lyrics, by Dante Gabriel Rossetti, $1. – First
volumes in the “Old World Series": The Rubaiyat of
Omar Khayyam, rendered into English verse by Edward
Fitzgerald, $1.; Aucassin and Nicolete, done into English
by Andrew Lang, $1. (Thos. B. Mosher.)
A new volume of poems by Christina Rossetti. (Macmillan
& Co.)
A Pomander of Verse, by E. Nesbit, $1.25. (A. C. McClurg
& Co.)
Whiffs from Wild Meadows, by Sam Walter Foss, $1.25.
(Lee & Shepard.)
Poems of the Day and Year, by Frederick Tennyson, $1.50.
(Stone & Kimball.)
The Hawthorn Tree, and other poems, by Nathan Haskell
Dole, $1.25.- London Idylls, by W. J. Dawson, $1. (T.
Y, Crowell & Co.)
Love and Laughter, by James E. Burnett.-Fact and Fancy,
humorous poems, by “Cupid Jones,” $1.50. Mimosa
Leaves, by Grace Denio Litchfield, illus.- Poems, by Jo-
seph O'Connor, $1.25.-Poets' Dogs, selected and arranged
by Elizabeth Richardson, $1.25.- Ballads of the Nations,
a series of 9 vols., each illus., 75 cts. (G. P. Putnam's
Sons.)
FICTION.
Casa Braccio, by F. Marion Crawford, 2 vols., illus., $2.-The
Men of the Moss-Hags, by S. R. Crockett. A volume of
ghost stories, by Mrs. Alfred Baldwin, illus. A Set of
Rogues, by Frank Barrett.—The Crooked Stick, or, Pollie's
Probation, by Rolf Boldrewood.- Julian Home, a tale of
college life, by Frederick W. Farrar, illus.-Wild Rose, a
tale of the Mexican frontier, by Francis Francis. The
Years That the Locust hath Eaten, by Anne E. Holds-
worth.-Where Highways Cross, by J. S. Fletcher, illus.,
75 cts.- The White King's Daughter, by Emma Marshall.
- A Blind Musician, a story of Handel, by Emma Mar-
shall, illus. — Country Stories, by Mary Russell Mitford,
illus. — Carved Lions, by Mrs. Molesworth, illus.- A Son
of the Plains, by Arthur Paterson.- In the Smoke of War,
by Walter Raymond. (Macmillan & Co.)
The Stark Munro Letters, by A. Conan Doyle, illus., $1.50.
Chronicles of Count Antonio, by Anthony Hope. - The
Red Badge of Courage, by Stephen Crane, $1. - In Defi-
ance of the King, an historical romance, by Chauncey C.
Hotchkiss, $1. Stone Pastures, by Eleanor Stuart, 75 cts.
- Chronicles of Martin Hewitt, Investigator, by Arthur
Morrison.- The Riddle Ring, by Justin McCarthy.-- The
King of Andaman, by J. Maclaren Cobban. - A Hard
Woman, by Violet Hunt. - In the Day of Adversity, by
J. Bloundelle-Burton.-A Winning Hazard, by Mrs. Alex-
ander. - A Self-Denying Ordinance, by M. Hamilton.-
The Watter's Mou', by Bram Stoker.- Sleeping Fires, by
George Gissing.-Out of Due Season, by Adeline Sergeant.
- Scylla or Charybdis ? by Rhoda Broughton, $1.– New
novels by Miss F. F. Montrésor and Percy White. (D.
Appleton & Co.)
A Colonial Wooing, by Dr. Charles Conrad Abbott, $1.- A
Love Episode, by Emile Zola, trans., with preface, by
Ernest A. Vizetelly, illus., $2.- The Secret of the Court,
a tale of adventure, by Frank Frankfort Moore, illus.,
$1.25. - The Dragon of Wantley, by Owen Wister, new
edition in paper covers, illus., 50 cts. — The Black Lamb,
by Anna Robeson Brown, $1.25.-The Track of a Storm,
by Owen Hall, $1.25.- A Wedding, and other stories, by
Julien Gordon, $1.-Bunch-Grass Stories, by Mrs. Lindon
W. Bates, $1.25.-Herbert Van Lennert, by C. F. Keary,
$1.25. - The Bend Sinister, by Mrs. Alexander. When
Greek Meets Greek, by Joseph Hatton.-The Fairy Prince,
by Gertrude Warden. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
Clarence, by Bret Harte, $1.25.-In a Hollow of the Hills, by
Bret Harte. The Wise Woman, by Clara Louise Burn-
ham, $1.25. - The Mystery of Witch-Face Mountain, by
Charles Egbert Craddock, $1.25.—The Cup of Trembling,
and other stories, by Mary Hallock Foote, $1.25. - The
Life of Nancy, by Sarah Orne Jewett, $1.25.-A Singular
Life, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps. — The Madonna of the
Tubs, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, new popular edition,
illus., 75 cts.-A Gentleman Vagabond, and other stories,
by F. Hopkinson Smith, $1.25. - The Coming of Theodoro,
by Eliza Orne White, $1.25.— The Village Watch Tower, by
Kate Douglas Wiggin.- New volumes in the “Riverside
Paper Series "': The Petrie Estate, by Helen Dawes Brown;
The Story of Dan, by M. E. Francis ; each 50 cts. (Hough-
ton, Mifflin & Co.)
Unc' Edinburg, a plantation echo, by Thomas Nelson Page,
illus., $1.50. College Girls, by Abbe Carter Goodloe,
illus., $1.25.- A Bachelor's Christmas, and other stories,
by Robert Grant, illus., $1.50. – New volumes in the
"Cameo Series": A Chosen Few, by Frank R. Stockton ;
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Day.)


1895.]
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å
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.


154
[Sept. 16,
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1895.]
155
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1895.]
161
THE DIAL
Houghton, Mifflin & Co.'s September Books.
LAST POEMS OF JAMES RUSSELL
LOWELL.
With an admirable new Portrait, and rubricated title-
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162
[Sept. 16,
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1895.]
163
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Fall Announcements from Messrs.
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Francis Parkman's Life and Uncollected Papers.
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166
(Oct. 1,
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1895.]
167
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Macmillan & Company's New Books.
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NOW READY. A New Novel by S. R. CROCKETT, Author of " The Raiders,” etc.
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168
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(Oct. 1, 1895.
D. APPLETON & Co.'s NEW BOOKS.
UNCLE REMUS.
His Songs and his Sayings. By JOEL CHANDLER HARRIS.
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THE MOTTOES AND COMMENTARIES
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THE BEGINNINGS OF WRITING.
By WALTER J. HOFFMAN, M.D., of the Bureau of American
Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution. A new volume in the
Anthropological Series, edited by Prof. FREDERICK STARR.
Illustrated. 12mo, cloth, $1.75.
Professor Hoffman, one of the most successful workers in the field of
American ethnology, presents the first steps in the development of
writing from tangible reminders like quipus and wampum belts, through
picture writing to phonetic writing with an alphabet. These first steps
are described especially as they are shown among North American
tribes. Our native peoples made much use of reminders ; they drew
truly expressive pictures ; they developed complicated systems of pic-
tography; and some peoples of Mexico and Central America were pass-
ing from the use of idiograms to phonograms. This transition period is
most interesting. In clear and popular language Professor Hoffman
sets forth the latest results of scientific study, and his references are
illustrated with many helpful pictures.
NOT COUNTING THE COST.
By Tasma. No. 175, Town and Country Library. 12mo,
paper, 50 cents; cloth, $1.00.
This novel seems likely to be accounted the most ambitious work of
its talented and successful author. The literary value of her work has
been abundantly recognized, but “Not Counting the Cost ” is certain
to add to her reputation and increase her popularity.
OUT OF DUE SEASON.
A Mezzotint. By ADELINE SERGEANT. No. 176, Town and
Country Library. 12mo, paper, 50 cents ; cloth, $1.00.
The development of Miss Sergeant's power is well shown in this
strong and significant study of life and character.
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF NUMBER,
And its Applications to Methods of Teaching Arithmetic. By
JAMES A. McLELLAN, A.M., LL.D., Principal of the On-
tario School of Pedagogy, Toronto, and John DEWEY,
Ph.D., Head Professor of Philosophy in the University of
Chicago. International Education Series, Vol. 33. 12mo,
cloth, $1.50.
It is believed that this work will supply a special want. There is no
subject taught in the elementary schools that taxes the teacher's re-
sources as to methods and devices to a greater extent than arithmetic,
and none that is more dangerous to the pupil in the way of deadening
his mind and arresting its development, if bad methods are used. The
authors of this book have presented in an admirable manner the psy-
chological view of number, and shown its applications to the correct
methods of teaching the several arithmetical processes.
SCYLLA OR CHARYBDIS ?
A Novel. By RHODA BROUGHTON, author of "Nancy," "
A
Beginner," etc. No. 177, Town and Country Library. 12mo,
paper, 50 cents ; cloth, $1.00.
The new story by this popular author will be found full of human
interest, agreeable, and entertaining.
THE WATTER'S MOU'.
By BRAM STOKER. 16mo, cloth, 75 cents.
This is a singularly dramatic story of the English coast, worked out
with excellent command of forceful motives and an abundant power of
graphic description.
Appletons' Monthly Bulletin of New Publications will be sent regularly to any address, free on application.
D. APPLETON & CO., No. 72 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK.


THE DIAL
A Semi-filonthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES.
(Obiit October 7, 1894.)
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 181 and 16th of
each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, 82.00 a year in advance, postage
prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries
comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must
be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the
current number. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by express or
posal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and
for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application;
and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES furnished
on application. All communications should be addressed to
THE DIAL, 315 Wabash Ave., Chicago.
He that so often bade us smile,-
What later wbim hath bid us weep ?
Or was it some new jest, that while
He jested he should fall asleep?
His mirth, we now remember, stood
Next neighbor always to regret.
Responding to his merriest mood,
We often found our lashes wet.
No. 223.
OCTOBER 1, 1895.
Vol. XIX.
CONTENTS.
PAOE
.
With courtly quip, and kindly scoff,
And laughter never long or loud,
His fun was not the common stuff,
His fancy fooled not for the crowd;
But, Humor's mild aristocrat,
He bowed him through these busy days,
Half wondering what the world was at,
And shrewdly smoothing it with praise.
And now he lives but in his page,
Where wit and wisdom are comprised,
The gentlest breeding of the age
Most graciously epitomized.
CHARLES G. D. ROBERTS.
.
.
.
THE ITALIAN NOVEL OF THE YEAR.
.
in Italy,
.
.
.
OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES (Poem). Charles G.
D. Roberts
169
THE ITALIAN NOVEL OF THE YEAR. Aline
Gorren.
169
THE DECADENCE OF A SCHOLAR. W. P.
Reeves .
171
LOUIS PASTEUR
172
COMMUNICATIONS
172
Crime in Prohibition States. D. C. Milner.
A Correction. Charles Eliot Norton.
The Craze for Wrong Spelling. William Wanless
Anderson.
MORE FITZGERALD LETTERS. E. G. J. .. 174
OUR SHAKESPEARIAN SCHOLAR. Edward E.
Hale, Jr...
176
THE ALPS FROM END TO END. Hiram M.
Stanley
178
THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH POETRY. William
Morton Payne
179
THE TEACHING OF ENGLISH. Frederic Ives Car-
penter
181
RECENT WORKS ON ETHICAL THEORY AND
THE MORAL LIFE. Frank Chapman Sharp . 183
Coit's The Message of Man.- Ethical Addresses.-
Marietta Kies's Institutional Ethics.- Hyslop's The
Elements of Ethics.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS .
185
Literary essays by Professor Dowden.- The biogra-
phy of Mayor Harrison.— The leader of later Italian
art.- A good volume of proge selections from Cardi-
nal Newman.- A good biography of Queen Victoria.
-Syllabub for girls.- M. Saint-Amand's account of
the Revolution of '48.
BRIEFER MENTION
188
LITERARY NOTES
188
FALL ANNOUNCEMENTS OF BOOKS FOR THE
YOUNG ..
190
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS
191
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
191
a
One of the foremost books of the
year
and certainly the foremost novel, has been Girolamo
Rovetta’s “ La Baraonda.” Signor Rovetta has been
held, for some time, to be one of the cleverest of
the Verists ; but he has done nothing which has
met with the amount of attention bestowed on “ La
Baraonda.” There are particular reasons for this.
The novel is entertaining as literature, but it is also
striking as an epitome of the precise social, political,
and moral crisis through which Italy is now pass-
ing. One may go further, and say that Signor Ro-
vetta's book gives the measure of a crisis in the evo-
lution of the whole Latin race-a crisis than which
it has known none more serious. This means much;
and it explains the mark which the book has made,
and the fact that thoughtful minds should have oc-
cupied themselves so much with it.
“ Baraonda” is an untranslatable word. It is
nearer in meaning to the French “ Débâcle" than
to any work that we have in English. It signifies
a crumbling to pieces, a going down, a breaking up,
a foundering. The main motif of Signor Rovetta's
novel is the career of one Cantasirena, formerly
friend and associate of Giuseppe Garibaldi in the
liberation of Italy, and now become, by a gradual
.
.
.
•
.
.
.


170
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
fore us.
descent through devious ways, a bombastic, melli- which modern Italy is now passing ; through which,
fluent, tireless, and an utterly unscrupulous promoter in a wider sense, the whole Latin race is now passing.
of bubble companies. This character is a type, a No one who has studied the two countries can fail to
creation. It is drawn with a masterly hand. Can- have been struck with the similarity of social phenom-
tasirena has a niece, who has beauty and a voice, ena there occurring. The Panama and Giolitti scan-
and whose moral sense is about what might be ex- dals did not come so near together for nothing. They
pected from the precepts and practices current in are symptoms of deep-lying causes.
The pressure
the household where she has been brought up, where of the new industrial conditions, the money-fever
friends under one pretext or another are dexter- that has spread over the world with the enormous
ously relieved of ten-franc notes to pay waiting cabs. extension that commercial enterprise has taken on,
Acquaintances and strangers are manipulated for are having an effect upon the Latin peoples which
loans that are never paid back, and the air is per- presents some very curious aspects. It may be said,
petually filled either with the infuriated denuncia- roughly generalizing a very complex consensus of
tions of ancient dupes, or the orotund discourses phenomena, that money-looked upon in the posi-
of the great Canasirena drawing new ones into the tion which it has and as the power which it is in
nets of countless associations and societies that spring modern life — and the Latin genius, are incompat-
into being, fully organized, from hour to hour, in ible entities. Modern industrialism, in its essence,
his fertile brain. The niece succeeds in marrying tends to create material needs in the individual,
the Duke of Casalbara, an elderly viveur, but the that it may supply them. That is its whole process.
possessor of an ancient name and of untarnished The race which develops these needs in the greatest
reputation and honor. The end is to be expected. number, and is most dependent upon their gratifi-
The “ Zio Matteo” uses the Casalbara influence to cation, is the Anglo-Saxon. The uses to which the
float a wild-cat scheme on a gigantic scale, the gov. Englishman, left entirely to himself, puts wealth,
ernment lends its support, and we have the whole and the uses to which the Italian, or Frenchman,
tragi-comedy of the Panama scandals, and of the also quite uninfluenced, would naturally put it, are
Giolitti and Banca Romana infamies, unrolled be- different from the root up. The conception of lux-
ury, in the Latin race, has never been separated
Signor Rovetta wastes no time in pointing morals; from æsthetic conceptions. Money has meant art,
but he
goes
his way, and says his say, with a cynical in some form or other; in different words, it has
frankness that drives the nail in to the head. The the satisfaction of a certain inborn desire for that
book must indeed be a sad one to that generation sort of grace-harmony in the surroundings which
of Italians who, high hopes and lofty enthusiasms affects the spirit rather than the flesh. There is
burning in their souls, gathered about the noble no denying that we of the English-speaking race
spirits that fought with their blood, and toiled with are more materialistic. Money means, to us, before
their brain, for a United Italy. Where is the pure it means anything else, bodily comforts: the com-
and ardent patriotism, where is the devotion to the forts under the guarding shield of which all the nat-
most unselfish ideals, of Mazzini, Garibaldi, Cavour? ural processes of sleep, digestion, etc., go on most
What has become of these things, through which easily and perfectly. Perhaps it has not been suf-
Italy was united, in the Italy of to-day? Signor ficiently considered how ethically dangerous such a
Rovetta has allowed them to survive in one charac- view of comfort might become, if pushed to the ex-
ter of his latest book, that of the old soldier who, hav- treme. However this may be, it has certainly acted,
ing lost his leg in the Garibaldian wars, now stumps so far, upon the races with whom it is not indi-
it on a wooden one, but whose faith has never genous as a very perilous dissolvent and disinte-
dimmed ; who lives on in the service of the unspeak- | grator.
able rascal and charlatan Cantasirena, in candid Exacting in the æsthetic direction, the Latin peo-
ignorance and innocence of all that passes beneath ples have hitherto been content with comparatively
his eyes, still ingenuously and heroically glazing in little materially. But now that the rage for ma-
that great past ware of exalted patriotism, which to terial possessions has infected them, their more sen-
Cantasirena is a magniloquent catch-word to entice sitively-responsive nervous organization has been
victims mad with the desire to get rich, and faith- led to exaggerate the desire into a sort of frenzy.
fully, from the bottom of his honest heart, crying They are not moving along a line natural to them,
“ Viva l'Italia !” in response to that individual's and they have lost their balance.
sonorous harangues. One grows fond of the old sol. There never was a sadder, a more ignominious,
dier. What has been debased into a cloak for every collapse of great dreams, noble ideals, than that
humbuggery and corruption in others is still a great which within this generation has befallen Italy. Its
and disinterested sentiment to his simple soul. He tottering financial condition has aided the causes
alone purifies a little the atmosphere in which Sig- just outlined to give impetus to a speculative mania
nor Rovetta's knaves and fools and dupes and trick- that invades, in some shape, all classes of society.
sters move and have their vulgar and sordid being. Bearers of historic names who formerly would have
It has been said that “ La Baraonda" derives its supported reduced circumstances in dignified retire-
value from the accuracy with which it has caught ment, secure in their station, and disdainful of ad-
the social, economical, and political phase through vantages of the sort that any parvenu possessed of


1895.]
171
THE DIAL
gold could purchase, now parting clandestinely with scientific vigils. German imperialism had lent its
the treasures of priceless family collections to make authority to her learned men of the universities.
a figure in the general display; ministers lending As in France, and to a less degree in England,
the prestige of their official station to float rotten Thomson had followed others of his kind into un-
financial enterprises; these are characters that questioning allegiance to authorities of the book.
many French and Italian novelists have rendered Here, all was changed. There seemed to be no
familiar to us. In “ La Baraonda ” we see how the authorities. Clear and independent conceptions-
“ little folk” rush in likewise, how they invest their the scientific point of view — had been allowed a
savings feverishly in any scheme whatever, regard- brief utterance, only to be silenced by ridicule and
less of consequences.
misappreciation. When Thomson left for Ger-
It has been said that this is a sad book. It is many five years before, the light shone bright ahead.
certainly one that awakens thought, and gives rise He remembered standing, outward bound, on the
to many questions. What is the outcome of this prow of the great liner, the spray stinging his face
crisis to be to Italy, to the Latin race in general? as the Titanic iron wedge rose and ploughed into the
Are we confronting one of those social cataclysms sea. A break in the clouds let down the imprisoned
in which a race literally, so far as national cohe- silver light to flood the horizon. " Is it not,” he
siveness is concerned, crumbles away in the shock thought, “pure science-clear truth, that needs no
of contact with another race capable of adapting guardian or embellishment—which is to bring light
itself more easily and completely to the conditions to my land, where war has been, and ignorance,
of existence of the moment? Or will there be pro- and all uncharitableness?” There could be no
cesses of adjustment, the great agility and supple- doubt. He would return with some message from
ness of the Latin genius enabling it to take from wise and sober Germany.
the new conditions what it can digest, and to reject What a child-like dream! Politics recked not
the rest ? No cultivated reader will lay down “La of truth or sobriety. The last letter from an edu-
Baraonda," with its keen observation, its photo- cational Power, announcing Thomson's unfitness for
graphic characterization, without the sensation that the position, contained these words : “ Whilst I
it defines a critical situation, and is quite worthy of have no doubt of your ability to lecture along cer-
giving pause to the student of social manifestations. tain lines, the question of opinion, of political tim-
ALINE GORREN. bre, is of more importance to us than adroitness in
special work. Indeed, I take the liberty of an older
man, in advising you (who have your work to do
here) that the people care very little for German
THE DECADENCE OF A SCHOLAR.
training in your subject. Whether the fact is to be
deplored or not, such training is rather a hindrance
than a help to your influence and advancement."
At the seventh unsuccessful application for a po- The friendship of the letter was unmistakable.
sition, Thomson lost heart. Professorships were Equally so was the tide in Thomson's affairs which
no longer plums, ready to fall into the hands of him bore him mute and helpless from his moorings. His
who had most conscientiously prepared himself. old enemy, Popularity, met him at every turn, and
The fact was plain that since Thomson's departure he read in the kindly letter from the President a
for those subsequent hard years of study in Ger- reflection of popular desire.
many, conditions had arisen in his own country At this scattering of Thomson's forces, he felt
which involved a political idea. Public sentiment himself bound to lay hands on something that was
was against scepticism in any form ; it was not fast in general esteem. As our ablest critic has said,
enough that one should be a quietist in his worship “ Philistia has its æsthetic rituals and pageantry”;
of unusual and Utopian theories : he must give as- and Thomson was drawn to them. Already the
surance that his study ran resolutely into the chan- special workers, his old colleagues, seemed high
nel of popular and conservative thought. In short, priests of Phariseeism, and the careful cultures of
without any will of one's own, truth, to be popular, remote and independent inquiry took on the form
must coincide with the dominant belief.
of curious exotics. His contributions to print ap-
Thomson knew that the truth for which he had peared to belong to the poetry of science rather than
labored was of no kin to the ideas in vogue. At to actual life. Then came the corollary, biting and
first, this consciousness rather amused than troubled poisonous to his self-esteem: that truth, for which
him. Recollections of German lecture-rooms were he had renounced the world, and which was to make
fresh, in whose atmosphere of catholicity and unbias him free, lacked the first quality of truth — uni-
the contraries of these qualities of mind were un- versal application.
realities, hardly to be taken seriously. As time Doubt is a tragedy with some men; it was with
gradually opened to him the order of things in his Thomson. Fast upon
his
years
of firm resolve, of
native land, what he had at first termed provincial puritan training, of simple and reverent life, there
began to assume the royal value of sovereignty. | crowded brutal moments of vulgarity. His friends
The people, the popular will, above all the popular
made money
An old acquaintance, who never
level, were factors which had had small place in his worried over truth or untruth, was high in political
I.


172
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
ask,
3
II.
His good-natured condescension to Thomson Thomson groaned. “I pledged my word in Ger-
had indeed caused the first serious conflict of ideas many that I would teach nothing that I did not be-
in the brain of the careful student. Whether right | lieve to be the truth ; and now, with Pilate, must I
or wrong, this man, whom Thomson had been wont • What is truth'?”
to regard with little respect, had influence and The bell rang, and a telegram was brought in.
power. He represented thousands of human beings. Thomson read : “ The professorship in Col-
Thomson felt that his own clientele could be spelled lege is vacant. Cultivate Wilcox and you may get
by a capital Ego, or at best by a few others like it.” Signed by his own friend.
himself. Herein lay the tragedy; for he was hu- Wilcox was the Politician whose marriage was
man, and selfishness to him was inhuman.
announced. He was not only a financial patron of
It was at this point that he lost heart.
“ After
the college ; he was a director of its policy, which
all,” he said to his old university chum, “can a man was narrow and closely sectarian.
rise higher than his source?” and quickly denying How great was Thomson's fall when he did
the affirmation of his friend, " John Tyndall was eventually “ cultivate” this man, obtain the posi-
sure of a response somewhere when he played the tion, and sink by slow degrees to the level of his
seer in his essay · On the Scientific Use of the Im- environment! He has been heard to say that as a
agination.' Is there in all the land a want repre- people we were nearer truth in Jefferson's day than
sented by this work of mine? The source of power
in the present year of grace.
Whatever
may
be
-desire—is in myself alone; that of the politician argued in Thomson's behalf, his decadence is now
is the desires of others. I cannot rid myself of the complete. He is a laudator temporis acti.
idea that the men who have stayed at home, even
W. P. REEVES.
those of no training, as we say, know people, grasp
these human conditions, are better men for the place,
than you or I.”
“ It is for us to create new wants,” said his friend.
LOUIS PASTEUR.
“I am not so certain of that. A man should be
Louis Pasteur was born December 22, 1822, at
the product of his time, and the days of the seer
are numbered.”
Dôle, and died September 28, 1895, in his suburban
home near Paris. His death, which was not un-
expected, came as the result of an apoplectic stroke,
A year went round, and the period of opportun- and was painless. He was not, like Huxley, Tyn-
ity again arrived. It seemed to Thomson that the dall, and Helmholtz - to name the greatest men
twelve months had been worse than lost: he had whom science has lost of late a writer of books
not stood still, but had gone backward. Upon his that were known to the general public; but his sci-
table lay a pile of rejected MSS. and unapplauded entific work was widely familiar, and popular report
addresses. Science was indeed a stern mistress.
can hardly have over-estimated its value to man-
The boy who used to blacken his boots rode by on a kind. We think of him first and foremost as a bac-
spirited horse. There were cards announcing the teriologist, and his studies of such subjects as the
marriage of the Politician and the girl upon whom silkworm disease, anthrax, fowl cholera, and rabies,
Thomson had been dependent for an occasional have proved immensely fruitful in practical results.
word of good cheer. In the morning's mail there Huxley's statement that the discoveries of Pasteur
was a letter from an old friend of his father's. “I
had more than made up to the French people the
have watched,” the letter ran, “your career with five milliards of the war indemnity is probably
interest and some anxiety, knowing full well that well within the truth. And of even greater sig-
prolonged study abroad would tend to unfit you for nificance is the fact that, thanks to his efforts, hy-
the practical work ahead. Your habits of quiet drophobia has been robbed of its terrors, and added
study and reserve, your intense application to the to the rapidly growing list of human diseases that
hidden labor of the lamp, are un-American and un- are amenable to treatment. He ranks among the
popular. There may come a time when our civil- greatest benefactors of mankind known to all his-
ization will demand such sacrifices. To-day, how- tory, and it will not be easy to do adequate honor
ever, it is the man who knows—not so much, maybe
to his memory
- and who wears his knowledge broadly and with
a smile, that finds his place and audience. Close
your books; go out among men; meet the politi-
COMMUNICATIONS.
cians, noting how they toil and spin — and flourish.
Above all, do not take yourself so seriously. Your
CRIME IN PROHIBITION STATES.
theories
may be true enough; but only a sense of
( To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
humor can save you from too quixotic a service to
Professor Frederick Starr, in his review of Haycraft's
them. . . Let me say to you, in closing, that sooner
“ Darwinism and Race Progress" in THE DIAL, gives
or later a man must meet the people on their own circulation to some statements that can, I think, be
terms. He must be of actual use to some community safely challenged. When he says that “ In Maine we
if he ask for its support.”
find insanity, pauperism, crime, on the increase at an
:
9


1895.]
173
THE DIAL
"
sense
abnormally large rate,” he gives sanction to an untruth,
if we can believe the statements of representative men
A CORRECTION FROM PROFESSOR NORTON.
of that State. Such assertions have often been made
(To the Editor of The DIAL.)
by the enemies of prohibition, without any warrant from
In the report of my address at Ashfield from which
official and authorized sources.
you copied some words into your issue of Sept. 16, there
Professor Starr also makes a quotation to the effect
was an error which I should be glad to have corrected. I
that in Kansas “ there were more prisoners in its peni- did not say, “ We have a very imperfect system of popu-
tentiary and county jails, in proportion to population,
lar education,” but “ We have a very imperfect system of
in 1890 than there were in 1880,” with the inference
popular instruction.” My point was to make a wide dis-
that prohibition had caused an increase of crime. As a
tinction between education and instruction. So long as
resident of Kansas during the years mentioned, and
the speech was having a mere ephemeral existence in
until within the past two years, and having some knowl-
the daily newspapers, it did not seem worth while to
edge of the facts, I ask for proof of what I believe is a
make the correction; but now that you have cited the
falsehood. The warden of the penitentiary of Kansas
passage in THE DIAL, and, so doing, given to it a chance
reported in 1890 almost the same number of convicts
of longer life, the correction seems needed.
in the penitentiary as there were in 1882, the year pro-
CHARLES ELIOT NORTON.
hibition took effect; although the population of the State Ashfield, Mass., Sept. 20, 1895.
had increased some half a million. I have not the
official figures as to the inmates of county jails, but I
believe they will show the untruthfulness of the state-
THE CRAZE FOR WRONG SPELLING.
ment “that Kansas has a larger ratio of prisoners to
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
population than its neighboring States.” It seems re-
At different times I have noticed in the newspapers
markable that so intelligent a people as the residents poems of good quality, marred only by the fault of bad
of Maine and Kansas and Iowa should advocate a pol- spelling, intentional bad spelling. In a recent speci-
icy that increases crime and vice.
men that I have examined, nearly every line contains
I would not have felt like noticing these statements, misspelled words. The syntax from first to last is fault-
had not Professor Starr said that the book under re- less, with the exception of the omission of words neces-
view “ contains far too much of good hard common sary to the sense, which are left to be understood; and
to “meet an enthusiastic reception.” If its this is allowable. The wrong spelling appears to be
statements on other questions are as unreliable as those intended to represent vulgar pronunciation; the writer,
on prohibition, it is unworthy of the notice of honest strangely enough, seeming to believe that these faults
people.
D. C. MILNER. in some way add to the value or the interest of his
Chicago, Sept. 13, 1895.
work, but how or why will never be known to anyone
but himself.
[The authorities quoted or used by Mr. Haycraft Of course, when to wrong spelling and vulgar pronun-
appear to be two Rathbone and Fanshawe's ciation are added "slum ” English expressions, and igno-
“Liquor Legislation in the United States and Can- rant grammatical distortions of any kind, the evil be-
ada," and the United States Census of 1880 and
comes so much the more grievous. There is no conceivable
1890. I have assumed the accuracy of quotation
temptation that can justify the use of orthoëpic, ortho-
and figures, and have not compared our author with
graphic, or syntactical irregularities, unless it be a de-
sire for picturesqueness—such, for instance, as is found
the original authorities. After showing from insane in the Scottish dialect, or the dialect which Tennyson
asylum statistics that insanity in Maine is not nota- musically portrays; and perhaps in poems intended to
bly decreasing, Mr. Haycraft presents Census figures hold up to ridicule brother villains other than versifiers
showing an abnormal increase in the prison popu- - the versifier being sufficiently damned by his own
lation of that State. The statement Mr. Milner ob- act. The common American half-dialect which is found
jects to in reference to Kansas is based upon the
in most of these poems is altogether unpicturesque and'
Census figures, and ends as follows: “Of all the
unbeautiful; and no attempt to make poetry of it has
neighboring States, Kansas had in 1890 absolutely
ever resulted in anything but disaster. Dialect poems
are,
the largest ratio of prisoners to population.”
If
of course, sometimes so good as to be still good,
though defaced in this manner; as are some of the
Mr. Milner can show that the Census is inaccurate,
pieces of the well-meaning James Whitcomb Riley, at
or that Mr. Haycraft has used it wrongly, he has a present the chief offender, and, strange to say, a poet
good case. In this country we constantly depend of considerable strength, who has hosts of misguided
,
upon the Census for comparisons, and must forgive imitators, weak, weaker, and weakest. If wisdom is
a British writer who does the same. I have not
to be drawn from the mind of a humble man, may not
looked
up the figures, because the statements appear
humble good English well be put into his mouth to
to me to be reasonable. By prohibiting the sale of
make his words respectable too?
strong drink, the drunkard is not made over. It
Our English language is so simple that no one who
is very doubtful if the man who would be a sot in
can read is excusable if he utter grammatical absurd-
ities
every time he opens his mouth; and, it is needless
Illinois is likely to be a good citizen in Iowa. No
to say, his words ougbt never to be repeated if he do.
one deplores the use of liquor or the crimes done
Many a good poet would redeem himself, and many
under its influence more than myself. But the a grievous one greatly mitigate himself, by spelling
would-be-drunkard is the same weak, unstable, rightly. They should respect the English language,
viciously-inclined creature in Kansas that he would not degrade and deface it.
be in Texas, and probably full as harmful. — THE
WILLIAM WANLESS ANDERSOX.
REVIEWER.)
Velasco, Texas, Sept. 23, 1895.


174
(Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
-
99
"
most friends I should like to see her · Rochers' in
The New Books.
Brittany."
The letters are freely sprinkled with literary
MORE FITZGERALD LETTERS.*
and personal allusions — little asides mostly,
Little need be said in the way of general of chat. An interesting series of references to
thrown in haphazard amid the general stream
praise or characterization of the sprightly little Carlyle, or rather to his unexpectedly outspoken
volume of “ Letters of Edward FitzGerald to
biographer, may be quoted without comment.
.
ways admirable
, whether in verse or prose, and Shortly after Carlyle's death, Mr. FitzGerald
writes :
his good wine needs no bush. The letters, rang-
“I was touched with the account of Carlyle's simple
ing chronologically from the middle of 1871
Obsequies among his own Kinsfolk, in the place of his
to within three weeks of the writer's death in Birth-it was fine of him to settle that so it should be.
1883, form a nearly continuous series; and, ex- I am glad that Mr. Froude is charged with his Biog-
cept a few of the later ones already printed in
raphy: a Gentleman, as well as a Scholar and · Writer
of Books, who will know what to leave unsaid as well
the "Letters and Literary Remains,” they will as what to say."
be new to most American readers. Perhaps the
In a letter of the following month, we read:
best of the book, as of its monumental prede-
“ You have, I suppose, the Carlyle Reminiscences:
cessor,
is the constant suggestion of a singularly of which I will say nothing except that, much as we out-
engaging personality — a sort of happy mean, siders gain by them, I think that, on the whole, they
as one may guess, between the recluse Gray and had better have been kept unpublished for some while
Mr. Rickman, Charles Lamb's famous "pleas-
at least. As also thinks Carlyle's Niece, who is sur-
prised that Mr. Froude, whom her Uncle trusted above
ant hand.” Like Elia's friend, Mr. FitzGer-
all men for the gift of Reticence, should have been in
ald was “ hugely literate," without conceit of
so much hurry to publish what was left to his Judgment
scholarship; "up to anything," without the to publish or no.
pitiful assumption of aloofness from current
The Biography is more favorably judged :
pursuits and interests. Mrs. Kemble was a
“ The Carlyle · Reminiscences' had long indisposed
congenial spirit and his life-long friend ; and me from taking up the Biography. But when I began,
he chats with her unreservedly of his daily do- and as I went on with that, I found it one of the most
ings, his reading, his friends, his literary and
interesting of Books: and the result is that I not only
other likes and dislikes—the latter never very
admire and respect Carlyle more than ever I did: but
even love him, which I never thought of before. ...
violent, for “dear old Fitz," as his familiars
His indifference to her [Mrs. Carlyle's] sufferings seems
called him, was anything but a good hater. to me rather because of Blindness than Neglect; and I
Like his prime favorite Mme. de Sévigné (who, think his Biographer has been even a little too hard
he says somewbere, “ with Crabbe and John upon him on the score of Selfish disregard of her. In-
Wesley seem to be my great hobbies "), he looked on Froude as something of an Iago toward his
deed, Mr. Norton (of Cambridge) wrote to me that he
gives his pen the loose rein; and, indeed, one de- hero in respect of all he had done for him. The pub-
tects in his style an echo, sometimes playfully lication of the Reminiscences is indeed a mystery to me:
deliberate, of the fluent stream of alternate for I should have thought that, even in a mercantile
sense and sportiveness, depth and badinage, point of view, it would indispose others, as me it did,
to the Biography. But Iago must have bungled in his
that marks the epistles of the incomparable work so far as I, for one, am concerned, if the result is
mistress of the “ Rochers.” It is in a letter such as I find it - or unless I am very obtuse indeed.
of 1875 that we find him first occupied with So I tell Mr. Norton, who is about to edit Carlyle's
Mme. de Sévigné. “I should like," he says,
Letters to Emerson, and whom I should not like to see
going to his work with such an · Animus' toward his
"to send you a Bouquet of Extracts"; and
Fellow-Editor."
a year later he runs on, quite in the Sévigné The month following, Mr. FitzGerald contin-
manner :
ues :
« • Ho! parlons d'autres choses ma Fille,' as my dear
Sévigné says. She now occupies Montaigne's place in
“Yes; you must read Froude's Carlyle above all
my room: well — worthily: she herself a lover of Mon-
things, and tell me if you do not feel as I do about it.
Professor Norton persists in it that I am proof against
taigne, and with a spice of his free thought and speech
in her. I am sometimes vext I never made her ac-
Froude's invidious insinuations simply because of my
quaintance till last year: but perhaps it was as well to
having known Carlyle. But how is it that I did not
have such an acquaintance reserved for one's latter
know, that Carlyle was so good, grand, and even love-
able, till I read the Letters which Froude now edits ?
years. The fine Creature ! much more alive to me than
I regret that I did not know what the Book tells us
* LETTERS OF EDWARD FITZGERALD TO FANNÝ KEMBLE, while Carlyle was alive; that I might have loved him
1871-1883. Edited by William Aldis Wright. New York : as well as admired him. But Carlyle never spoke of
Macmillan & Co.
himself in that way: I never heard him advert to his


1895.]
175
THE DIAL
Works and Fame, except one day he happened to men- contrary. Burns assuredly had more Passion than the
tion • About the time when Men began to talk of me.'” Frenchman ; which is not Genius either, but a great
Touching the Carlyle-Emerson Letters, Mr. Part of the Lyric Poet still. What Béranger might
FitzGerald says:
have been, if born and bred among Banks, Braes, and
Mountains, I cannot tell: Burns had that advantage
« Professor Norton had sent me his Carlyle-Emerson
over him. And then Highland Mary to love, amid the
Correspondence, which we [ himself and Mr. Aldis
heather, as compared to Lise the Grisette in a Parisian
Wright] conned over together, and liked well on either suburb! ... Some thirty years ago A. Tennyson went
side. Carlyle should not have said (and still less Nor-
over Burns's Ground in Dumfries.
When he was one
ton printed !) that Tennyson was a 'gloomy' Soul, nor
day by Doon-side — I can't tell how it was, Fitz, but
Thackeray of inordinate appetite,' neither of which say- I fell into a Passion of Tears '- and A. T. not given to
ings is true: nor written of Lord Houghton as a Robin
the melting mood at all.”
Redbreast' of a man. I shall wait very patiently till
The writer's love of fun peeps out pleasantly
Mudie sends me Jane Carlyle — where I am told there
is a word of not unkindly toleration of me; which, if one
in most of the letters. An amusing personage,
be named at all, one may be thankful for."
the low comedian of the book, one may say, is
Among the American authors alluded to the small boy employed by Mr. FitzGerald (his
here and there in the letters is Mr. Lowell own eyesight failing) as “ reader.” This liter-
who “may do,” thinks the writer, “ for En- ary
character seems to have been retained as a
glish authors something as Ste. Beuve has done source of mirth rather than of instruction, for
for the French.” Apropos of Mr. Leslie Steph- we read at the outset :
en's “ Hours in a Library,” Mr. FitzGerald “ Books you see I have nothing to say about. The
Boy who came to read to me made such Blundering
says:
Work that I was forced to confine him to a Newspaper,
« Another book of the kind — Lowell's · Among my
where his Blunders were often as entertaining as the
Books'- is excellent also: perhaps with more Genius
Text which he mistook. We had • hangarues' in the
than Stephen; but on the other hand not so temperate,
French Assembly, and, on one occasion, iron-clad laugh-
judicious, or scholarly in taste.”
ter from the Extreme Left.' Once again, at the con-
Mr. FitzGerald is always refreshingly frank clusion of the London news, Consolations closed at
as to his own (sometimes a little whimsical) 91, ex Div.'— and so on.”
literary preferences. After bestowing a page We shall close our poachings from Mr. Fitz-
of praise on a little street song, « Le Bon Gerald with the following story, which is cer-
Pasteur,” which he once heard sung in Paris tainly worthy of Dean Hole:
to a barrel-organ accompaniment, and which “ Scene. - Country Church on Winter's Evening.
he confesses « touched me more than any of
Congregation, with the Old Hundredth ready for the
Béranger's most beautiful things,” he goes on
Parson to give out some Dismissal Words. Good old
Parson (not at all meaning rhyme): • The Light has
grown so very dim, I scarce can see to read the Hymn.'
“ I have been trying again at another Great Artist's Congregation, taking it up: to the first half of the
work which I never could care for at all, Goethe's Old Hundredth:
Faust, in Hayward's Prose Translation. Hayward
• The light has grown so very dim,
quotes from Goethe himself, that, though of course
I scarce can see to read the Hymn.'
much of a Poem must evaporate in a Prose Translation,
(Pause, as usual: Parson, mildly impatient): "I did
yet the Essence must remain. Well; I distinguish as not mean to read a Hymn, I only meant my eyes were
little of that Essential Poetry in the Faust now as when dim.'
I first read it - longer ago than · Le Bon Pasteur,' and
Congregation, to second part of Old Hundredth:
in other subsequent attempts. I was tempted to think
• I did not mean to read a Hymn;
this was some Defect - great Defect - in myself: but
a note at the end of the Volume informs me that a
I only meant my eyes were dim.'
much greater Wit than I was in the same plight-even
Parson, out of Patience, etc.:
Coleridge. . . . I find a great want of Invention and
• I did n't mean a Hymn at all,-
Imagination both in the Events and Characters."
I think the Devil's in you all.'”
A comparison more flattering to Béranger
The volume is carefully and thoroughly ed-
than the one above noted is made in a previous ited by Mr. William Aldis Wright, who has
letter. On the question whether the French
wisely retained his author's peculiarities, or
chansonnier or Burns were the Greater Gen- whimsicalities, of punctuation, spelling, and in
ius," the writer concludes:
the use of capital letters. One slip we note in
“I can't say; but with all my Admiration for about
the indexing - a reference to Sainte-Beuve on
a Score of the Frenchman's almost perfect Songs, I page 38 being credited to page 35. Edward
would give all of them up for a Score of Burns's Coup-FitzGerald ranks easily with the best half-dozen
lets, Stanzas, or single Lines scattered among those of our later letter-writers; and the reader is not
quite imperfect Lyrics of his. Béranger, no doubt, was
likely to regret anything in the present volume
The Artist; which still is not the highest Genius — wit-
ness Shakespeare, Dante, Æschylus, Calderon, to the
save its brevity.
E. G. J.
to say:


176
(Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
The question is a perennial one; it comes to
OUR SHAKESPEARIAN SCHOLAR. *
mind with each new volume of the “Variorum,
In one of the many semi-apochryphal con- and, indeed, is practically answered by each,-
versations with Continental friends, which are
the question of the value, or perhaps better, the
reported by our wandering students on their place, of the immense amount of special scholar-
return home, is the following passage :
ship which by this time surrounds every play
The German student to his American friend : But you of Shakespeare's and many other masterpieces
cannot have Universities in America, for you have no
as well. There is always present in mind the
scholars.
(American friend says, feebly, that we have scholars.) conception, on the one hand, of the lover of
G. S.: But if you have scholars, where are their
literature who reads the plays, and the plays
books ? Produce the books, I beg of you, produce the only, for pure delight in them; and on the
books.
other hand, of the dryasdust who scents a
Although the challenge is based upon a con- crux in every misprint and indulges in arduous
ception of scholarship somewhat different from hair-splitting to account for every unimportant
that which obtains generally among us, yet it trifle. Between the two, Dr. Furness has good
has a certain sense of its own. Dr. Furness's right to act as mediator ; for he has done as
“ Variorum Shakespeare " is one of the works much hard work, and dry work too, as the next
to be produced upon such an occasion, and it man, and he takes as keen a pleasure in the
is always with a mingling of pleasure and pride plays, as such, as anyone else.
that it becomes a duty to chronicle the ap- One matter over which Shakespearian schol-
pearance of one of its volumes — in this case arship never wearies, and at which the Shake-
the tenth, containing “A Midsummer Night's speare lover is apt to gird a bit, is that concern-
Dream.” It is not, however, necessary to repeat ing the dates of the plays. On this subject Dr.
here the congratulations which American schol- Furness has already expressed his opinion –
ars may justly exchange with each new volume at the end of his discussion of the date of " The
of this edition. Everyone knows its general Tempest,” for instance ; and in this volume we
character, the excellence of its scholarship, and have it again. In his few words (pp. xx., xxi.)
the value of its contents.
upon the matter, he calls attention to the opin-
Each volume of the “ Variorum” is a mon-
ion of those who deem speculations on the sub-
ument to the learning, the devotion, the acumen ject “of keen interest, and the source of what
of the noble army of Shakespearian critics ; they think is, in their own case, refined pleas-
and also to the childishness, at times, and the ure.” Such students, however, he wishes would
pedantry, of at least some of them. We have
We have calmly “ ask themselves, what is the chief end
in this volume of 350 large octavo pages the
of man in reading Shakespeare. I think they
best of what the critics have said upon “A would discern that not by the discovery of the
Midsummer Night's Dream,” and also a good dates of these plays is it that fear or compassion,
deal else. To the Shakespearian student the or the sense of humor, is awakened: the clearer
value of the book is obvious enough; but the
vision would enable them, I trust, to separate
intelligent, though general, reader may perhaps the chaff from the wheat; and that when, be-
be excused if he look somewhat coldly at the fore them, there pass scenes of breathing life,
unutterable deal of comment to the halfpenny- with the hot blood stirring, they would not seek
worth of text.† Would it not be more to his
after the date of the play, nor ask Shakespeare
purpose to read the play by itself, to enjoy its how old he was when he wrote it” (p. xx.).
living beauty, and to let the commentators Doubtless everybody would agree with Dr. ·
struggle by themselves over the dry bones ? | Furness here, for there certainly is much empty
The generous stimulus of soul, the keen de- pedantry in many such studies : it seems worth
light at the reading of the play, is nowise in. while, however, to look at the matter from a
creased by pausing on every line to consider somewhat different point of view. As far as
opinions on a disputed reading or conjectures concerns refinement of intellectual pleasure for
as to a difficult allusion.
the individual, there will probably be little
question between the man who is reading with
* A NEW VARIORUM EDITION OF SHAKESPEARE. Edited
by Horace Howard Furness. Volume X., A MIDSOMMER
delight for the first or the hundredth time " A
Night's DREAME. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co. Midsummer Night's Dream,” and the one who
† This may seem a low estimate of the value of a play of
is balancing evidence concerning the year the
Shakespeare's, but the allusion requires it, and when you can
get all the plays for a shilling, two farthings apiece is not so
play was written, and therefore on the age of
bad a price.
Shakespeare when he wrote it. As a play, it


1895.]
177
THE DIAL
/
would doubtless be delightful, if, as it stands only of the simple appreciation of character
now, it had been written by anyone and at any
and action and feeling, but of a hundred or a
time. But it is by Shakespeare, - a very in- thousand new bits of thought and significance.
teresting man, as Mr. Dowden and Mr. Wen- Words and lines which before had no special
dell and others have written books to testify. importance come to be rich with emotion or
Now these books on the nature of Shakespeare's weighted with meaning; and although on a
genius, and the development of it, are well cursory reading such things may not, do not,
worthy of existence ; and, further, they are not intrude themselves on the attention, they are
only in themselves sources of refined pleasure, at least sub-consciously present, and give a
but they give us a certain increase of pleasure body, an atmosphere, which would otherwise
in reading the plays which is not to be obtained
be missing.
otherwise.* But in order that such books It is, however, known to everyone that there
might be possible, it was necessary that a vast is the temptation to be so carried away by the
amount of guessing, criticizing, comparing, sift scholarship that Shakespeare himself becomes
ing, and theorizing should be done concerning but a minor figure. But this is the abuse of
the date of each particular play. It would not what should be rightly used, and the remedy
be enough that one scholar should study the is temperance rather than total abstinence.
matter; the attention of many was necessary
And it is because anyone may find in this vol-
to secure the highest possible accuracy; there ume of the “ Variorum” a good example of the
needed many mistakes, many follies even, that temperate scholarship which is a fine thing,
the truth might be somewhat assured. A point rather than the pedantic abuse of it, that the
here, a point there, were perhaps only curious above remarks have any pertinence here. A
speculations in themselves, but taken altogether variorum edition consists of the notes and crit-
the whole made up a fine piece of work, and icisms of many scholars ; but it is by no means
one well worth the doing. It was hard work, a mere compilation. There is more even to be
and dry and stupid it seemed to many; but it done than finding industriously and selecting
had to be done, and well done. And it had to carefully, and more and more as the present
be done by many, not merely by such as liked edition proceeded have its readers become ac-
it; it was work to which something was due quainted with the editor. In the first volumes
from every scholar, if only for the honor of the he was almost concealed behind the fruits of
guild ; for if left entirely to such as prized it
prized it his industry; in the present volume, as in the
above all other work, it was sure to be done - two or three before it, he takes more frequent
well, perhaps not entirely as it might have been occasion to mingle with the criticisms of others
done.
the result of his own ripened and seasoned judg-
So, without placing the pleasure to be gained ment.
from a study of the dates of Shakespeare's Indeed, to the young student, as to the reader
plays on a level with the pleasure to be gained who has no desire to be a student at all, the
from the plays themselves, we may see that great value of the present volume of the “ Vari.
such studies are important and honorable in
orum " is not so much in exhibiting the net
their way, and indeed indispensable. And result of Shakespearian scholarship as to “ A
something of the same sort may be said as to
Midsummer Night's Dream" as in its showing
some of the other directions in which Shake the use to be made of all this work and the
spearian criticism has directed itself : the study temper in which it is to be regarded ; and this
of texts, for instance, the study of sources, and is something which can hardly be rated too
of what not else. If it were undone, we should highly.
have the plays themselves, and great pleasure
It is not necessary to point out that Dr. Fur-
should we get from them. But now that the
ness is widely read, learned, industrious, acute,
work has been done, the student who has ac-
and so on.
It may, however, be worth while
quainted himself with a bit of it, and kept his
to remark that he is a critic eminently sane,
head the while, finds the plays the source not temperate, appreciative, human, sympathetic.
He is always ready with explanation of a diffi-
*I can hardly say, with Dr. Furness, that facts which are
"purely biographical” have for me as much relevancy to the
culty or suggestion of a meaning ; but he has
plays themselves as has “a chemical analysis of the paper of little patience with the mole - like burrower
the Folio or of the ink of the Quarto” (p. xxi.). For my
whose investigations are so deep that the life
own part, on appreciating its place in Shakespeare's life, I
read “Hamlet” with an increase of pleasure which could
and beauty of the world above is lost to him.
never be given me by the contemplation of a chemical formula. He patiently records the follies of too-zealous


178
(Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
theorists, but takes liberty to point out that no- excursion, taking in the whole range of the
body need be over-persuaded by them. He is Alps in their highest peaks, and covering a
careful to call attention to the knowledge which tramp and climb of one thousand miles, with a
is good enough in itself, but lacks any real con- record of the ascent of twenty-one mountains
nection with the matter in hand. Nor is he so and thirty-nine passes. The author strongly
taken up with a sense of the dignity of his po advises a long trip of this kind, as giving “a
sition that he cannot indulge himself and his knowledge of the Alps as a range or region of
readers in pleasing satire now and then, or lam- mountains, and not merely as a casual assem-
bent humor. In fact, he uses his great learn- blage of crags, affording gymnastic problems,
ing for his own ends, and by no means allows and also as conveying “a truer idea of any moun-
himself to be abused by it. And as evidence tain region than can be yielded by a number
of all this, might be cited from the volume in of climbs, radiating from a centre.” " When,
hand hundreds of examples of editorial com- however, a man has traversed the depths of a
ment if there were space for them. We must mountain region on foot, and climbed a succes-
be content, however, to note merely some of sion of peaks and passes, beholding from each
the excellences of Dr. Furness's temper as a the others that are to come, or those more re-
scholar, which now he is more willing than for- motely left behind, he has within him a scale
merly to allow his readers to appreciate. whereby to measure the depth as well as the
And this, it would appear, is precisely what extent of a view.
Dr. Furness should do. It would be a pity, Mr. Conway and party started from Turin,
surely, if the first Shakespearian scholar of our June 2, 1894, and soon came to the first Alp,
country should content himself with a resumé, Rocca dell'Abisso, “ a trifling hump, but being
no matter how carefully arranged, of the work number one, we wanted to climb it." However,
of his predecessors. It is very fortunate that as it commanded the view of a number of forts,
with the succeeding volumes of his edition he they were not allowed this privilege, and so
allows us to see more and more of the scholar
passed on through the verdurous Italian land-
himself, and to gain what we may from so ex- scape, occasionally stopping for the view.
cellent an example.
“We halted often, sitting on the grass amongst green
EDWARD E. HALE, JR. lichen-covered rocks, with rock-walls about us, aval-
anches booming, and a fresh air stroking our hot faces.
Overhead was a blue sky, wherein the heavenly powers
were spinning cirrus webs. Falling waters sang to us
THE ALPS FROM END TO END.*
their eternal mountain song, how that all winter long
frost had bound them in prison, but now the sun had
It is writ in an ancient Hebrew book that come to set them free, and they were off to the sweet
on the day of his creation man was bid by his fields and bright villages, to Venice and the Sea.”
Creator to “replenish the earth and subdue
After sundry fortunes and misfortunes of no
it.” This task has now for many ages occupied great consequence, the party came on to the
man's attention, but only of late has he attained Ruitor névé, an immense field of glacier snow.
any great mastery of nature and any true cos-
“Seldom have I been in lovelier surroundings than
mopolitanism. To-day, for the first time, he those afforded by the rippled névé and the glittering
feels fairly at home on the earth. He sails mist. The air was soft. A perfect silence reigned.
every water, he sets foot on every land with Nothing in sight had aspect of solidity; we seemed to
confidence. He subdues even the pinnacles of
be in a world of gossamer and fairy webs. Presently
there came an indescribable movement and flickering
the earth, making of the highest Alps a sum-
above us, as though our bright chaos were taking form.
mer playground, scaling Mount Blanc and even Vague and changeful shapes trembled into view and
the dread Matterhorn with the same zest with disappeared. Low flowing light bands striped the white
which a schoolboy climbs an apple-tree.
floor. Wisps of mist danced and eddied around. At
last, to our dewildered delight, there spread before us
This sportive familiarity of the modern man
in one long range the whole mass of Mont Blanc and
with great mountains is well exemplified by Sir the Grandes Jorasses, a vision of sparkling beauty be-
William Martin Conway, as we learn from his held through a faint veil, which imperceptibly dissolved
latest book, " The Alps from End to End."
and disappeared. I halted to gaze on the wondrous
Here we have the journal of a three months'
panorama, thus astonishingly revealed. Assuredly no-
where else is Mont Blanc better seen than from this
*THE ALPS FROM END TO END. By Sir William Martin
Ruitor névé. No foreground more admirably serves to
Conway. With 100 full-page illustrations by A. D. M'Cor- set off its blue shadowing buttresses and cream-colored
mick. Westminster : Archibald Constable & Co. (Macmil- domes than the flat white area of this magnificent snow-
lan & Co., New York.)
field.”


1895.)
179
THE DIAL
Shortly after this “ celestial vision,” they map, and a glossary of mountaineering terms
made the first ascent of Mont Blanc for the would be very acceptable to most readers. The
year 1894. The author's description of the work is fully illustrated with drawings by Mr.
present appearance of the summit is interest | M'Cormick. These are soft and artistic, and
ing:
the experienced Alpinist will find them highly
“It was just noon when we stood on the top, arriving interesting and suggestive; but, for the most
there all together. The first thing we looked at was
part, they will be “caviare to the general.”
not Europe at our feet, but M. Jansen's hut-a dread-
ful disfigurement. The last time I was here, the sur-
HIRAM M. STANLEY.
face of the dome was one unbroken curve of snow, aloof
from man. Now man has rooted the evidences of his
activity deep into the icy mass and strewed its surface
with shavings and paper, so frozen down that the storms
of the whole year have not sufficed to remove them. I THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH POETRY.*
cannot, however, say that we felt any resentment against
the hut-builders, for we took shelter behind the observ-
The anticipations awakened when it was an-
atory from the blasts of the cold gale.”
nounced that Mr. W. J. Courthope was en-
From this summit there was a magnificent gaged in the preparation of “A History of
panorama; but the clouds were the most fas-English Poetry” are now in a measure realized
cinating. Mr. Conway is very much alive to by the publication of the first volume of the
the beauty of clouds, regarding them as “every work, accompanied by a promise that the re-
bit as beautiful as mountains," and he has maining volumes shall be forthcoming during
much to say about them in this book. From the next few years. Such a history, which
Mont Blanc Mr. Conway proceeded on through amounts to a history of our literature in the
the Bernese Oberland and the Tyrol, and finnoblest and most significant of its forms, has
ished his expedition by the ascent of the An- long been awaited, and it is probable that no
kogl, “the last of the snowy Alps."
more competent hand for the work than that
Mr. Conway, we note, is not one of those who of Mr. Courthope could be found among liv- .
abuse the mountain railways, which are becoming English or American scholars. It is true
ing so common in the Alps. He regards them that he is lacking in equipment for some parts
of distinct use to all, and as having a special of the work, and particularly for the treat-
value in keeping the crowd to a definite track, ment of the period discussed in this initial vol.
which the unconventional traveller can easily ume; but the most versatile student can hardly
avoid. “Every new hill railroad, every recog- be expected, in these days of intensive inves-
nized lunching-place or Belvedere, becomes a tigation, to do adequate justice to the great
further clamp that yet more irrevocably holds subject of our thousand years of poetical his-
the crowd to its particular and narrow route.” | tory in all of its aspects. To elucidate En-
On this point, I observe that that excellent glish poetry, as annalist, philologist, and met-
traveller Mr. Finck, in a recent letter to “The rical specialist, as æsthetic critic and philosoph-
Nation,” is of similar opinion, and he shows ical historian, as student of its ethical and
also that the railways need not deface the land political bearings, of its manifold relations to
scape.
the life of our race, this is a task not likely
There is, on the whole, some sense of disap- to come within the reach of any one man, how-
pointment in this book. It chronicles no great ever great his will and his scholarly devotion.
.
feats and no thrilling adventures, as does Mr. It is not in disparagement, then, but in recog-
Whymper in his “Scrambles among the Alps" nition of the inevitable limitations of the indi-
or his Great Andes of the Equator,” or as vidual, that we must set down Mr. Courthope's
Mr. Conway's own “ Climbing in the Korako-work as defective in some of these matters.
ram-Himalayas.” This volume is too scrappy Mere annalist he does not attempt to be, and
in contents and in style, and sometimes there he frankly confesses that he is not a philologist.
is a suspicion of padding. In short, the book As a metrist, he gives evidence of much spe-
is not inevitable enough. It is interesting in cial preparation, yet even here he is not always
parts, but its chief value is as a guide-book sup- abreast of modern English scholarship. But
plementary to Baedeker. This value is greatly for the other aspects of the work his equipment
increased by the last chapter, “ so kindly con- is substantial, and he has built upon a broad
tributed by the Rev. W. A. B. Coolidge, the and deep foundation.
most learned expert in Alpine topography that
* A HISTORY OF ENGLISH POETRY. By W. J. Courthope,
has ever lived." The volume sadly lacks a M.A. Volume I. New York: Macmillan & Co.


180
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
The underlying principle of Mr. Courthope's the largest measure of dissent. For he contra-
treatment of English poetry is found in his con- venes his fundamental doctrine of unity by re-
ception of the fundamental unity of the subject fusing to apply, except in a one-sided way, the
and of its solidarity with the other phases, method above outlined to the history of our
artistic, social, and political, of English life. poetry from Cædmon to Chaucer. He is very
“My aim has been,” he says, “ to treat poetry emphatic upon this point. “Between the poetry
as an expression of the imagination, not simply produced in England before the Norman Con-
of the individual poet, but of the English peo- quest and the poetry of Chaucer there is abso-
ple; to use the facts of political and social his-lutely no link of connection.” To state his po-
tory as keys to the poet's meaning, and to make sition simply, it is that the antecedents of the
poetry clothe with life and character the dry Chaucerian and post-Chaucerian poetry are to
record of external facts." In this aim, we note, be sought in the region of mixed culture pre-
Mr. Courthope is at one with M. Jusserand, vailing among the nations of joint Latin and
whose work we reviewed not long ago ; although Teutonic descent.” We are content to state
the former writer keeps his extra-literary ma- Mr. Courthope's position, without arguing at
terial more in the background than does the length against it. To our mind, the opposed
latter. To exhibit the principle of growth and position, so well occupied and strongly defended
movement in our poetry, to show that there by Ten Brink, M. Jusserand, and Mr. Stop-
are in its history no inexplicable phenomena, ford Brooke, is more tenable ; but the whole
is set down by the author as a second primary question is obviously one of balance between
aim, although, strictly considered, it is rather the three elements of the problem as already
a corollary of the aim previously formulated. outlined. Mr. Courthope magnifies the import-
This principle is illustrated by the account of ance of the second and third at the expense of
the Renaissance, in which he takes exception the first, that is all. Mr. Brooke, on the other
to the tendency of such men as Symonds and hand, has probably magnified unduly the first
Pater to regard that new birth of the spirit as at the expense of the others. Both views de-
“a sudden and isolated movement of the hu- part from the mean which here, as almost every-
man mind, which cannot be explained by the where else, is golden ; but Mr. Courthope's de-
ordinary methods of historic investigation.” In parture seems the wider and the less justifiable.
outlining his plan of treatment, Mr. Courthope The adequate classical equipment of the au-
distinguishes “ from Chaucer downwards . thor is doubtless responsible for the undue
the confluence of three great streams of thought, stress that he puts upon the classical and other
which blend in a single channel without any
non-racial influences in the development of our
of them ever quite losing its separate life and poetry. He is constantly seeking for classical
identity.” These streams of thought are: (1) parallels and illustrations, as when he calls
" The genius of Race, the stream of Anglo- Langland the Nævius and Chaucer the Ennius
Saxon language, character, and custom, modi- of English poetry. He gives us a fine analysis
fied by the influence of Scandinavian imagin- of the decay of the classical spirit in European
ation, as well as by all the impulses and ideas thought, and pictures with ample knowledge
derived from the Latin nations through the and insight the transition to mediævalism. He
Norman Conquest.” (2) “ The tradition of Ed- assumes a corresponding sympathy and knowl-
ucation systematized by the Latin Church, edge on the part of his readers when he prints
many traces of which survive in the courses of without translation many of the Latin passages
our universities and public schools." (3) " The cited in the furtherance of his argument, al-
tradition of Græco - Roman Culture, carried though translations are given of the Italian
through the barbarous ages in many slender and even of the Old English quotations. This
ducts and channels, which, mingling the spirit classical bent, so characteristic of Mr. Court-
of the ancient world with the infant civilization hope's treatment throughout, seems on the
of Europe, prepared the way for the great re- whole fortunate (even if a little partial), be-
vival of arts and letters commonly known as cause it does justice to a phase of the subject
the Renaissance.”
to which most historians have done something
This is admirably put, no doubt, and em- less than justice. We shall await with an in.
bodies a sound philosophy of the subject, but terest even greater than occasioned in the pres-
the words " from Chaucer downwards” are sig- ent volume the applications of Mr. Courthope's
nificant, and call attention to the feature of classical scholarship to the later periods of our
Mr. Courthope's treatment likely to provoke poetry, so rich in opportunities for the tracing


1895.]
181
THE DIAL
of classical parallels of expression and analo- constantly reverting to the origins of the move-
gies of thought.
ment or form under consideration, and deals
A rapid commentary upon the successive with it from a historical and evolutionary stand-
chapters of this volume may now be given. Of point. A brief “Retrospect " brings the vol-
the introductory chapters we have already dis- ume to its close.
cussed the salient features. They are followed In conclusion, we will venture to express the
by one on Anglo-Saxon poetry, in the course hope that Mr. Courthope may be permitted to
of which three stages are indicated : (1) The complete the work he has so well begun. When
primitive Teutonic pre-Christian compositions we think of Warton, Morley, and Ten Brink,
(Béowulf, etc.). (2) Compositions in which to say nothing of the unrealized plans of Pope,
the art of minstrelsy is applied to scriptural Gray, and so many others, we cannot fail to
subjects (Cædmon). (3) Compositions dom- be impressed with the uncertainty of all such
inated by the influence of Latin ecclesiastical great intellectual undertakings as the present.
education (Cynewulf, etc.). On the vexed We are comparatively rich in treatments of
question of the composition of “ Béowulf,” Mr. our poetical history in its beginnings, but from
Courthope stands for unity of authorship. The the Elizabethan period downwards, we have
chapter on Anglo-Norman poetry is crowded, practically nothing continuous but the great
and its treatment is less satisfactory than that work of Taine. Just now there are three men
of M. Jusserand. This is followed by a chap in the race, Mr. Courthope, Mr. Brooke, and
ter on the early Renaissance, in which space is M. Jusserand. All three have started well,
found for rather lengthy consideration of and we shall indeed have reasons for self-con-
Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio, of the “Ro- gratulation if all three live to carry out their
man de la Rose,” and of Laurence Minot and plans. Of these three ambitious beginnings,
the political songs of his period. This episode that of Mr. Courthope, in spite of the strictures
brings us to Langland and Chaucer, who have that we have found it necessary to make, is on
chapters to themselves, about equal in length. the whole the most promising. Completed in
They are, on the whole, perfunctory summaries, accordance with its present design, it will be
arranging in a fairly acceptable manner the such a monument of our poetical history as the
materials collected by past scholarship. The scholarship of the twentieth century will not
most striking thing in the treatment of Lang- easily better, and such as few literary archi-
land is the elaborate comparison of “Piers tects will be found daring enough to attempt
Plowman" and the “ Divine Comedy"; the dis- to rival.
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
tinctive note of the chapter about Chaucer is
its envisagement of the poet as a full realiza-
tion of the ideals of the trouvère. A chapter
upon Gower, Lydgate, and Occleve comes
THE TEACHING OF ENGLISH.*
next, and informs us that Gower's "poetical The cataloguers in our public libraries, com-
qualities are of a high order,” which does not ing to the volume on “ The Teaching of English
exactly agree with Lowell's opinion, and is not in American Universities,” will doubtless enter
as likely to find acceptance. The recent dis- it under the rubric“ Educational”—and justly
covery, by Mr. Macaulay, of the lost “ Specu-so. Only as we have been shaking off pro-
lum Meditantis,” came too late to be mentioned vincialism we have come to know that in the
in the present work. The various uses of alle largest sense three-quarters of the world's lit-
gory in the Middle Ages, with illustrations
erature is properly educational. The culture
from Henryson, Dunbar, Douglas, Hawes, Skel-
of the individual is the correlative of the rights
ton, and Barclay, is the subject of the next of the individual, and civilization means pre-
chapter, and leads up to an account of “The cisely the possibility of individual rights and
Rise of the Drama in England.” Mr. Court individual culture. The history of culture is
hope does not propose to treat of the drama at
the vastly significant thing at the heart of all
length, for reason of the histories already ex- history. In the story of Greek education, of
isting, which does not seem to us an entirely the education of the church in the middle
adequate excuse for neglecting the greatest of
ages, and of modern public and corporate
English poetical forms. “The Decay of En- education, is summarized the story of modern
glish Minstrelsy” is the subject of a chapter
* THE TEACHING OF ENGLISH IN AMERICAN UNIVER-
which admirably illustrates the philosophical
Edited by William Morton Payne. Boston: D. C.
method of the whole work, a method that is
SITIES.
Heath & Co.


182
(Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
civilization. The old order is breaking up, now passu. We must avoid scholasticism in liter-
as ever, and we desire to readjust our scheme ary teaching, but we must beware equally of a
of culture to a new order of ideas. We have de-intellectualized emotionalism and of hazy
thought too narrowly that education is mainly Hegelianisms fitted in as connotative interpre-
mental training. We are ambitious now to tations. Simply because literature appeals more
attempt to mould equally the physical form directly to the emotions and the will, it is not
and the moral nature. It is true, of course, exempted from the tests and the discipline of
that intellectual training has always involved logic.
moral discipline as a sine qua non, but perhaps Again, we should remember that as all hu-
there are years in which the order should be man action in a wide prospect is of mixed
reversed and the intellectual training should be moral worth, so even the greatest literature
incidental to the moral. And of course moral does not reflect perfect ideals. This is perhaps
does not mean merely prudential or prudish. elementary, but it is mostly disregarded ; and
The literature of power appeals directly to consequently all art, from Plato to the Puritans,
the moral nature. Can we grade and present has been put on the defensive. And with the
this literature in such a way as to make it a Philistines (who replenish the earth) it is a
progressive curriculum of moral training ? Cer- grave consideration. Wherefore logic and the
tainly not after any half-hearted and mechan- sciences appear safer, while the emotional na-
ical system. But broadly and liberally-yes. ture is restrained from generalizing into forms
Let us begin our experiment, therefore, with of art and is stifled at home and in school under
the literature which offers the least impediment the rule-of-thumb. A great deal can be said
of mere scholasticism, which appeals the most on this question. Ruskin and the psycholo-
directly to the moral mood and to sympathetic gists are quite right in pointing out that the
emotions. Let us take English literature, and excitation of emotions which receive no vent in
make of it a means to direct training of facul- action (or even the similitude of action) is dan-
ties hitherto neglected in our imperfectly organ- gerous. The great aim of literature, however,
ized modern educational system. Reasoning of is to excite the purely sympathetic emotions.
this sort, I take it, prompts the movement of Art does not excite the concupiscence of the
which this book is the outcome and the expres- individual. But what is the duty of the teacher
of literature in these premises ? Shall he ster-
As a book, it is both experimental and de- ilize his text, and lift it out of the range of
liberative. It is a record of experiments and sympathy ? Or shall he gloze it and preach
attempts, a sort of coöperative stock-taking and from it his own philosophy of life? A short
balancing of accounts, together with delibera- and straightforward answer is not easy.
tions and counsellings as to methods and theo- This volume is a compilation of papers that
ries and beliefs. It is evident that the move- are for the most part already familiar to the
ment is still experimental, although the theory readers of THE DIAL. But their full value
of it is becoming rapidly approved. English can be appreciated only when they are taken
literature is to be taught as literature, with the together. As they stand, they form an indis-
full force and effect of the emotional and imag- pensable book of reference and vade mecum to
inative meaning of each masterpiece considered, all interested in the teaching and study of En-
if in any way this can be managed. From Bos- glish literature. The various reports from each
ton to Berkeley, we agree upon this. The aim college, which make up the body of the volume,
is to make great books speak loudly and thrill- form a record that is authoritative, and as ac-
ingly to the secret and primary consciousness curate as may be under the circumstances. For
of each pupil and neophyte, as they speak at purposes of exact comparison, however, an in-
their best to the chosen few. Then as we read dependent general view by one impartial inves-
in youth so will we read in age, and the springs tigator would be necessary. But the chief inter-
of emotion will be stirred with formative and est of the volume, after all, is in its discussions,
lofty ideals.
and in what it reveals of motive, ideal, and
But we must beware lest a separation, too theory. Much is suggested in this way, but
early and too easy, be forced between what are much more remains to be worked out by con-
at bottom but two aspects of one being, the ference and through experience.
It is plain
moral nature and the intellectual nature. Both that the field of English teaching is still but
the intellect and the emotions are servants of poorly defined. The present state of the mat-
the will, and must be trained together pari l ter is admirably summed up in Mr. Payne's
sion.


1895.]
183
THE DIAL
general introduction to the volume. The best its order, the second giving the location in the book
opinion, I believe, is all with him, both in his of all the selections from any one author.
views as to secondary school and to the collegi- “ Ethical Addresses” is a collection of lectures,
ate study of English. He stands for a sound originally prepared for delivery before the various
and well-approved ideal of literature and of lit- societies for ethical culture in the United States.
erary training. It is a very vital matter this, They deal for the most part, not with disputed
whether the ideal of the best judges and lovers points of the moral code, nor with the abstract the-
of literature, of men like Goethe, Coleridge, phases and problems
of that moral experience
which
ories of systematic ethics, but rather with certain
Ste. Beuve, Ruskin, and Lowell, is to be ac-
cepted in our organized teaching of literature, implied in the deliberate choice of devotion to duty
is the common possession of humanity. What is
or whether some narrower and more technical
as the supreme principle of every-day life is impress-
view of literary culture is to prevail. The intel-ively set forth in two lectures by Mr. Salter. Dr.
ligent and educated public is deeply interested Adler draws an exquisite picture of the modern
in this question. This book is a landmark in saint, contrasting him with the mediæval ideal of
a discussion which is not yet ended.
holiness on the one hand, and with the heroic type
FREDERIC IVES CARPENTER.
of character on the other. In the address on prayer
and worship, Dr. Adler asks the question : How can
high ideals be maintained by those who find it im-
possible to voice their aspirations for perfection
RECENT WORKS ON ETHICAL THEORY
either in private prayer or in the exercises of wor-
AND THE MORAL LIFE.*
ship as conducted in the churches? Other subjects
discussed are: The religion of ethical culture, true
The immortality which, as it would seem, has been
liberalism, what does it mean to be religious ? etc.
vouchsafed to the “ Meditations” of Marcus Aure-
lius, shows the existence of a constant and wide-
The opening pages are devoted to a paper written
spread interest in collections of moral aphorisms. originally for “ The Forum,” in which Dr. Adler, the
To the great majority of the reading public, system-
founder of the ethical movement, gives a clear and
complete presentation of the aims and methods of
atic treatises on ethics are caviare; but the writer
the ethical societies. Although the papers thus
who, without descending to argument or attempted
demonstration, speaks straight to the moral con-
brought together are without external marks of rela-
sciousness, revealing to dull eyes the beauty of char-
tionship to each other, nevertheless a bond of union
exists between them in the common spirit which
acter and the glory of service in the great cause,
per-
vades them all. This finds expression in the con-
warming the heart with a sense of fellowship in
viction that man has within himself the power to
well-doing or calling attention to duties hitherto un-
choose the right and to follow day by day its com-
perceived,—such a writer is sure of a welcome from
mands; that to make him moral you need not ap-
earnest men and women. It is a need of this kind
that Dr. Coit has sought to supply in the little book
peal to the fear of future punishment, or even to
the desire of divine approbation and favor; you have
entitled “The Message of Man.” It is a well-
selected collection of brief quotations representing the beauty of the perfected character, and to the
but to open his eyes to the sacredness of duty, to
the best thought on the problems of the moral life
claims of his fellow-men, who are his brethren. To
on the part of more than two hundred writers. At
some minds, such doctrines will appear strange, if
the same time, it is something better than a mere
not actually repugnant; to others they are the very
unorganized mass of disjointed quotations after the
corner-stone of their life's structure. To the former
manner of Bartlett's “ Dictionary." Each selection
class, the moral strength and enthusiasm of these
has been fitted to the next preceding with such ad-
writers will come as the revelation of a new world.
mirable skill that at least the main divisions of a
chapter often read like continuous discourse,— an
To many of the latter, these papers may serve as
effect which is rather heightened than otherwise by
the formulation of ideals and principles of action
for which they have long sought definite expression.
the division of the text into verses after the manner
To the earnest student of whatever creed, they are
of the “Imitation of Christ” and the “Meditations."
to be recommended as reflecting faithfully the spirit
The compiler has supplied two excellent indexes,
one by chapters, giving the source of each verse in
of one of the most significant movements of the
*THE MESSAGE OF MAN: A Book of Ethical Scriptures.
* « ” a
Gathered from many sources, and arranged by Stanton Coit.
“ Institutional Ethics" is a work dealing with the
London : Swan, Sonneschein & Co. (Macmillan & Co., New ethical aspects of the four great institutions of so-
York.)
ciety,--namely, the family, the school, the state, and
ETHICAL ADDRESSES. First Series. By the Lecturers of the church. The detailed discussion of these topics
the Ethical Societies. Philadelphia : S. Burns Weston.
is introduced by two chapters devoted to a statement
INSTITUTIONAL ETHICS. By Marietta Kies, Ph.D. Bos-
ton : Allyn & Bacon.
of fundamental principles. We are bound to con-
THE ELEMENTS OF ETHICS. By James H. Hyslop, Ph.D.
fess that a careful perusal of this book has failed
New York : Charles Scribner's Sons.
to disclose anything either new or particularly val-
a
a
present time.
66


184
(Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
1
66 the
1
uable in its contents. : To be sure, we have found claiming that it is rather to be identified with the
some interesting quotations from Mr. John Fiske, perfection of our whole nature, more particularly
J. R. Green, Prof. H. K. Adams, and other sources, of character. But much has certainly been accom-
equally difficult of access, and, furthermore, we have plished when a complex problem has been reduced
observed that a few of the commonplaces of ethical to this simple form.
science have been allowed to drift into the text; but Again, it is not many years since conscience was
he who seeks for more than this is doomed to dis- quite generally held to be an infallible guide. To-
appointment. The introductory chapters are steeped day it is seen that moral insight, like all other parts
in the lore of Dr. W. T. Harris. Possibly some of knowledge, is subject to the laws of growth; that
readers may find them edifying; personally, we as a result, there may be traced through the ages a
could not, though that of course may be due to in- progress in the apprehension of the nature of true
tellectual myopia combined with narrow sympathies. well-being, an increasing display of intelligent care
In connection with a definition of justice as in the selection of the necessary means and a con-
exaction of what is due to the self,” we read (page stant widening in the circle of those having ad-
3): “The return of the heavenly bodies unto their mitted claims upon our service. Formerly the same
own places shows the phase of justice in the creative school held that conscience was a separate faculty
process, the unconscious claiming of that which is dwelling apart by itself in the mental world ; to-day
their own.” When this interesting statement met it is generally recognized as but the name for the
our eye we prepared ourselves to be entertained, if varied and complicated processes which reveal to us
nothing more. But even this hope failed.
what is contained in and what manner of life is re-
We have asserted that works on systematic eth- quired by the moral ideal.
ics are likely to prove caviare to the average lay- At the same time, it must be admitted that the
man, but we must add that the last twenty-five present state of ethical study leaves much to be de-
years have witnessed a development in the methods sired, and the future will certainly see methods of
and results of ethical investigation, sufficiently investigation in common use of whose value few
marked to be worthy of the attention of the outside moralists of to-day seem to have any conception.
public. No longer than a generation ago, the study The fundamental problems of ethics deal with judg-
of the subject resembled the performances of a de- ments of approbation and reprobation upon con-
bating society ; every man was in it to help his side duct. As yet, the great majority of moralists have
win, and you would as soon expect to find an hon- contented themselves with resting the broadest gen-
est citizen who had voted with his party since Fre- eralizations
upon the testimony of their own narrow
mont was nominated admitting that the scales had experience. As a result, the personal equation has
fallen from his eyes at a democratic campaign meet- played a rôle whose magnitude is not unfairly repre-
ing, as to find a participant in the great debate on sented by the number of conflicting st
ents as
morals who had allowed the arguments of his op- to matters of fact which may be found even in stand-
ponents to make any particular impression upon his ard modern treatises. Already, however, the way
mind. Perhaps the moralist of to-day has learned out of this labyrinth is beginning to dawn upon the
a thing or two from the struggles of the past, per- minds of a few investigators. We must study with
haps he is less interested in schools” and more equal care and attention the moral judgments passed
interested in facts than were his predecessors ; at by ourselves and by others, by Americans and by
all events, an unmistakable tendency towards a gen- Russians, by Europeans of the nineteenth century
eral agreement on a number of fundamental points and those of the ninth, by the saint and the man
is making itself felt for the first time in the history of the world, by the child and by a Goethe, by the
of ethics,-a sign, as we take it, that we are ready Australian savages and the cultured Athenians.
to bid farewell to the days of blind partisanship and All of these judgments, alike the commonplace, the
of the superficial dilettanteism with which, curiously exceptional, and the apparently absurd, must be
enough, it was invariably accompanied. To the described, analyzed, and explained, before any con
question, What makes any given action right? a clusions as to the principles underlying them are of
compact school of moralists have for a century or much more value, as science, than the ipse dixit of
more insisted no answer could be given, except what our friends the Esoteric Buddhists. The ethics of
an ungallant cynic has styled a “woman's answer," the immediate future will profit also by the rapid
namely, “ It is so because it is so." To-day almost advances which are being made in psychology. It
all the leading students of the subject are agreed has been in vain to discuss the differentia of delib-
that an ungrounded moral judgment is a moon made erate and instinctive action with an inadequate ac-
of green cheese ; that an action that is right is right quaintance with the phenomena of volition. The
for some reason, and this reason is found in the end place of reason in the moral life might be debated
which it subserves. Expressed in a bare formula, forever if there were no prospect of obtaining a
this end is the well-being of those in
better insight into the true nature of the mental
by the action. With regard to what constitutes well- processes covered by this term. The now generally
being, there does indeed exist serious difference accepted doctrine of conscience is largely the fruit
of opinion, one school holding that all its elements of the conquests of modern psychology.
are ultimately reducible to happiness, the other In its strength and in its weaknesses, Dr. Hyslop's
a
i
1
any way affected


1895.)
185
THE DIAL
“ Elements of Ethics" is a representative book of
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
the period. Conduct is declared to be right or
wrong according as it is calculated to promote or
In the rambling Introduction to his
hinder the development of the capabilities of human
Literary essays “New Studies in Literature"(Hough-
by Prof. Dowden.
nature. The fallibility of conscience is freely ad-
ton), Professor Edward Dowden dis-
mitted, and all that is insisted upon is its inviola- cusses the influence of democracy upon genius, the
bility, i. e., its right to uniform obedience from us, hollowness of manufactured patriotism among Irish-
as the ultimate authority on the problems within men, the future of poetry, the modern school of
its jurisdiction. Conscience itself is defined as the historical writing, and a few other subjects. Upon
mind occupied with moral phenomena. These con- the first theme he is mildly optimistic, and upon
clusions bring the author in line with modern the second eminently sane; toward the third his
thought. On the other hand, he has transcended attitude is not very clearly defined (although he
it neither in his methods nor his results. We find
goes out of the way to gird at Matthew Arnold's
a greater show of precision and exhaustiveness in familiar prophecy), and toward the fourth his atti-
the analysis of phenomena under investigation, with- tude is one of semi-regretful acceptance. These dis-
out being, as a matter of fact, brought much farther cursive remarks precede a group of essays in which
than previous writers have carried us. The extent we read, first, of the poetry of Mr. George Mere-
to which the recent treatises in psychology have dith and Mr. Robert Bridges, then of John Donne,
been studied appears to be meagre, and there is no the good Dean of St. Paul's, and then of the amours
trace of any conception of the rich harvest to be de voyage of Fabre d' Eglantine. These essays lead
obtained by an objective study of the moral judg- us up to what we may call the core of the volume
ments as exhibited in others besides ourselves. a series of chapters upon Goethe. Then follow
Apart from an outline of the history of ethical papers upon Coleridge, Edmond Scherer, “ Liter-
thought, and chapters devoted respectively to a con- ary Criticism in France,” and “The Teaching of
sideration of elementary principles, to the relation English Literature.” The five chapters upon as
of religion and morality, and to the relation of rights many aspects of Goethe's protean individuality dis-
and duties, the main body of the book is occupied play the critical powers of the author at their best.
with the discussion of two great problems : the con- While they hardly have the comprehensive vision
ditions of moral judgment, i. e., of the imputation of another English critic of Goethe — the late Sir
of praise or blame, and the criterion of moral judg- John Seeley — they exhibit acute penetration and
ment. The answer given to the latter—and, indeed, unfailing sympathy, qualities not as common as they
the positions taken
throughout - mark the author
- mark the author ought to be in English appreciations of the greatest
as a member of the school of the late Professor T. of Germans. And it is precisely by this method of
H. Green. The conditions of moral judgment are approaching Goethe from many special points of
held to be two in number: first, the possession of view that he is alone fully to be understood. In
freedom in the sense of power to choose between many respects the most interesting chapter of this
alternatives; and secondly, the possession of con- volume is the closing one — "an introductory lec-
science, or the power to recognize moral distinctions. ture to my college class” on “ The Teaching of En-
It cannot be said that the discussion of these sub- glish Literature.” The writer makes a number of
jects brings out much that is absolutely new, but excellent points. In the first place, he insists that
the author has stated more clearly than any other the general view shall not be dispensed with. “A
member of his school just what is essential to moral General Sketch of European Literature” is neces-
responsibility, and -- a matter of equal importance
- a matter of equal importance sary for the student, and he should be made to learn
what is not. This portion of his book is worthy it. It should be a book of some three hundred
of careful study. The remainder will certainly re- pages. “It would be possible by brute force to
pay the professional moralist for a rapid reading, hammer the contents of this little book into a boy's
but he will find, on the whole, considerably more head in the course of a few weeks or months, and
desert than oasis. The college student for whom brute force could hardly be better employed. The
the work is in a manner especially prepared, and young student of history would ever after be able
the general reader who happens to be hungering and to place things aright, and to understand how this
thirsting after a knowledge of the principles of thing is related to that.
thing is related to that. He might by-and-by pro-
ethics, will be repelled, we fear, by the heavy style ceed to fill in one fragment of the great map with
and the dreary length to which many of the discus- topographical details, nor rest until he had become
sions have been drawn out. They should be in- intimate with every feature of his chosen province.”
formed, however, that the former at least is a fail- In addition to this book there should be a similar
ing commion to ethical treatises. The teacher in
manual of English literary history, likewise to be
search of a text-book will hardly find in this the learned. But — and the proviso is of the utmost
realization of his ideals, and yet if two-thirds of the importance—no such history should be read until
colleges in the country should adopt it in place of the student is made to perceive and feel what knowl-
what they now use, the change would undoubtedly edge at first hand indeed is by being put to work
be to the advantage of all concerned.
on an actual text.” What Professor Dowden means
FRANK CHAPMAN SHARP. by this kind of work he then proceeds to illustrate


186
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
by taking the play of “Hamlet,” and describing, in wart ex-mayor cleaving his way through the pack.
much detail, the way in which the student should Commenting on Mr. Harrison's assassination, the
set about its study, and, having mastered it, should author does not hesitate to lay a due are of the
pass to the study of its author, its period, and its responsibility for that deplorable deed at the door
relation to literature as a whole. Finally, there are of the Chicago press, which had, during the heated
the larger inductions that can alone give unity and canvass shortly preceding the tragedy, heaped upon
meaning to the study of literature. Philosophical Mr. Harrison the vilest and most unjustifiable abuse.
criticism is the ultimate aim, and the author speaks While the murderer Prendergast, a half-crazed
upon this point with no uncertain accent. “That place-hunter of the Guiteau stamp, was mainly im-
there are general laws or principles applying to the pelled to his crime by a fancied political slight, his
various forms of literature, in whatever age and in conduct at the trial leaves no doubt that he believed
whatever clime produced, is certain.” Subjective to the last the public would justify him in ridding
criticism gets no countenance from the writer of it of the vicious man and corrupt official depicted
this sentence, and can get no countenance from any by the leading newspapers. In the light of such
serious teacher of literature.
examples as that of Mr. Garfield and Mr. Harri-
son, it is not too much to say that a man who braves
Mr. Willis J. Abbot's “ Life of Car-
The biography of
newspaper calumny by becoming a candidate for
Mayor Harrison.
ter Henry Harrison" (Dodd, Mead &
election to a hotly-disputed office does so at peril
Co.) is a sympathetic and creditable,
not only of his good name, but of his life.
though somewhat eulogistic, biography of a man
whose career and personality may be taken as strik-
“ A Sketch of the Life and Work of
The leader of
ingly typical of a passing phase of national life and
later Italian art.
Domenico Morelli,” by Mr. Ashton
character. With certain familiar foibles and eccen-
R. Willard, is issued in a very at-
tricities, Mr. Harrison was an estimable, and in tractive volume by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin &
some points even an admirable, man,-
-a sturdy and
Co. Signor Morelli, the acknowledged present
characteristic product of American democracy, leader of Italian art, is a Neapolitan; and it is
whose unwearied and often useful political activity largely to the stimulus of his example and influence
was at least measurably motived by public spirit that the current artistic ascendancy of his native
and an honest desire to serve the general welfare. city is due. The part played heretofore in the history
Mr. Harrison's career was full of change and stir- of Italian painting by the southern capital has been
ring incident, and Mr. Abbot tells the story well, relatively inferior; and its contribution to the gen-
dwelling chiefly on the really essential and instruc- eral product, even during the splendid efflorescence
tive phases, and resisting the obvious temptation to of the national art in the sixteenth century, is
exaggerate and over-color the more sensational epi- strangely insignificant in character and amount. Su-
sodes. The narrative is freely sprinkled with quo- preme among the native cities in the beauty of her
tations from Mr. Harrison's speeches and writings surroundings, in the natural motifs and scenic inspir-
- the latter naively frank and egotistical produc- ations favorable to a rich and luxuriant artistic de-
tions, such as could scarcely have been written by velopment, Naples nevertheless produced in the
other than an essentially honest man. An extract past, near and remote, few men who are now re-
from a youthful journal describing the street scenes membered, or who won even in their own day wide-
attending the third Napoleon's coup d'état, of which spread recognition. It might seem as if the Nea-
the writer, with Bayard Taylor, was an eye-witness, politans, favored beyond other men by partial
shows some really good descriptive writing, terse, Nature, had been content to bask lazzaroni-like in
vivid, and dramatic, which will surprise those famil- the sunshine of her beauty, without rendering her
iar with the rather inflated and wordy style usually the laborious homage of strenuous study and por-
affected by the “ World's Fair Mayor.” Says Mr. trayal. But Naples, stirred by the genius and ac-
Harrison : “At one time I was in a pack at the tivity of a gifted citizen, Domenico Morelli, has
mouth of Rue Lafitte when some firing was heard awakened from her long lethargy ; and it may
be
up the boulevard ; we were ordered to disperse with hoped that her awakening presages for Italy at
an · Allez-vous-en !' We paid no attention to it. least an afterglow of the past glories of her match-
Then came a stern Va-ten!' We knew that less art. Signor Morelli is a born innovator-one
meant business, especially when a platoon of infan- of those men, says Mr. Willard, " who arrive at
try was seen rapidly approaching. I was open to new results, not by trying to be original, but by an
the enemy. I ran, putting my hands in front of inward compulsion which will not allow them to be
me, and then drawing them back, as if swimming. other than original.” His influence was felt at
Each motion put two or three Frenchmen, not so Naples as early as 1865, lending a distinctive tone
strong as I, behind me. I thus made a living breast- and tendency to the painters immediately about
work to my rear, of probably a hundred, when the him. By 1875 the flocking of young men to his
crash of musketry was heard. There were screams. atelier for instruction surpassed anything that had
How many were hit I did not hear, but I soon saw been seen in Italy since Canova's time; and in
two men on shutters borne up the street." Chica- 1880 an Italian jury awarded him a diploma pro-
goans will have no difficulty in picturing the stal- I nouncing him the leader of Italian art — a crucial


1895.]
187
THE DIAL
test of admitted supremacy in a land where pro- the minds of all who read it. She is shown to be
fessional jealousies still survive with mediæval vir- an exceedingly hard worker in public affairs, exer-
ulence. Mr. Willard gives an interesting account cising constant supervision over the greater interests
of Signor Morelli's chequered, and at one time even of the Kingdom, though taking the department of
stormy, career,—of his up-hill fight against poverty, foreign affairs under her special superintendence.
public indifference, and the academic narrowness She is also shown to be a thoroughly trained states-
of critics and juries. The criticisms and apprecia- man whose judgments deserve the respectful con-
tions are temperate and scholarly; and the several sideration of the ablest ministers. The woman as
fine plates with which the volume is enriched cer- portrayed in this book deserves our admiration no
tainly bear out Mr. Willard's generous estimates. less than the monarch. And her influence, with
Signor Morelli's themes are mostly Scriptural; and that of her noble husband, in raising the tone of so-
one may almost fancy, in studying his ample and cial life in England, cannot be sufficiently praised.
dignified compositions, that they are from the brush Mrs. Fawcett has set forth the details of the train-
of some belated member of that noble company of ing of the Queen for her work, her accession and
bygone Italian masters whose works are at once the marriage, her beautiful domestic life, the character
pride and the despair of their successors.
and influence of Prince Alfred, her connection with
the government, and the points where she has espe-
A good volume of
Mr. Lewis E. Gates, of Harvard Uni- cially touched public affairs, in such a way as to give
prose selections from versity, has edited a volume of “Se-
a true and vivid picture of one of the world's great
Cardinal Newman. lections from the Prose Writings of rulers.
John Henry Cardinal Newman" (Holt), and thereby
In her “Side Talks with Girls'
placed in the hands of students of English a choice Syllabub
(Scribner), "Ruth Ashmore" offers
for girls.
series of examples from one of the greatest masters
herself as guide, philosopher, and
of English prose. The selections are so arranged friend in general
, to the “ American Girl” to whom
as “ to give something like a connected account in her book is gushingly dedicated. We should be
Newman's own words of his theory of life and of
sorry to think that this production could be taken
his justification of it.” The book has thus a two- as a fair gauge of the culture and mental capacity
fold value, in that it brings to the student of style of any large proportion of those to whom it is ad-
a model and an exemplar particularly needful
in de
dressed. The drift of the book is indicated in such
this age of feverishly clever writing, and to the stu-
chapter-headings as : “ The Social Life of a Girl,”
dent of culture a bird's-eye view of the work of one “ A Girl's Religious Life,” “What Shall a Girl
of the subtlest and most imaginative minds of the Read,” “ The Girl Who Uses Slang,” “My Sweet-
nineteenth century. The selections include many heart and I," -and so on. We subjoin a specimen
passages from the “Idea of a University," the
or so of the text: “... and then while your heart
“Apologia,” the novels, sermons, and controversial is full of the heroism of a man, you will elect to
essays. We are particularly glad to find among read a new and very full life of the martyrdom of
the chapters the inimitable satire on “Count Potem- Marie Antoinette.” “A book with pictures is always
kin and John Bull,” and a number of those passages doubly interesting, and I fancy my girls are like
in which Newman, more eloquently perhaps than me in that respect." “... from the beginning
any of his contemporaries, pleaded for the higher of the world men have never loved the women who
aims of education and the nobler ideals of human- were slangy in their manners, but rather the woman
istic scholarship. And we are almost tempted to who represents what a French writer calls the 'eter-
say that the introductory essay supplied by Mr. nal feminine.' “Give [your sweetheart] plenty
Gates is as valuable as any of the remaining con- of the bread and butter of affectionate friendship,
tents of the book. At least we should hardly know
and every now and then add to it a spoonful of the
where else to look (unless possibly in Mr. Hutton's marmalade of love." One tolerates, under protest,
pages) for so keenly analytical and warmly appre- such
sorry
stuff as the foregoing in the newspapers
ciative an estimate of the stylistic and rhetorical and in ladies' journals; but its intrusion between
characteristics of Newman's work. This essay is a book-covers should be resented.
masterpiece of criticism, and makes us await impa-
tiently further work of the sort from Mr. Gates. M. Saint-Amand's
We take pleasure in calling atten-
account of the tion to a fresh volume, “ The Revo-
Excellent service has been done to
Revolution of '48.
lution of 1848” (Scribner), from the
4good biography the reading public by Mrs. Millicent unflagging pen of M. Imbert de Saint-Amand. M.
of Queen .
Garrett Fawcett in giving us a “Life de Saint-Amand's now comprehensive series of his-
of Her Majesty Queen Victoria" (Roberts Bros.). torical sketches are not only as pleasant reading as
It is a sympathetic and able biography of one who anything in their way we know of, but they render
is at the same time a great ruler and a great woman. writers and special students the solid service of
The idea is too common among Americans that the bringing handily within three feet or so of shelf-
Queen is but a figure-head for the government, that room the pith and marrow, the “purple patches,”
she is without power or even much influence. This so to speak, of the generally inaccessible mass of
unpretending little book will correct that error in memoirs, diaries, letters, etc., in which the period
99


188
(Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
-
treated by M. de Saint-Amand especially abounds.
LITERARY NOTES.
The present volume is a readable one, full of anec-
dote and portraiture, and re-telling with graphic Mr. Henry B. Wheatley's new edition of Pepys (Mac-
effect the homely yet touching story of Louis Phil. millan) has reached the sixth volume.
ippe's abdication,-how (to adopt the poet Heine's A new translation of “ Don Quixote,” made by Mr.
version of the matter) the good old bourgeois king, George Santayana, will soon be published by Mr. D. B.
finding that France did not want him, and resolutely
Updike, of Boston.
refusing to fire on bis unruly people, tucked his
“At Odds,” by the Baroness Tautphæus, has been re-
wife under one arm and his umbrella under the
published by Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons in a taste-
ful two-volume edition.
its
mobs and its barricades, forever. It is needless to
lan) now appears in a single volume, uniform with the
say that M. Saint-Amand, a friend of the old régime,
other works of the author.
accords French royalty a more stately final exit. “ King Henry VIII.” and “Hamlet” have just been
There are four portraits in the volume, which is published in the « Temple” Shakespeare (Macmillan).
admirably translated by Elizabeth Gilbert Martin. The latter volume, with its 216 pages, is the thickest of
the series.
The volume of reminiscences which Mr. Frederick
Locker-Lamson had completed a short time before he
BRIEFER MENTION.
died will be edited by Mr. Augustine Birrell, and soon
published.
A new edition of Dr. Dickson's translation of Momm-
The old rectory at Grasmere, where Wordsworth
sen's “ History of Rome” is at hand (Scribner). The
wrote “The Excursion,” and where two of his children
translation has been revised throughout, and thus died, has been razed to the ground. The building was
brought into conformity with the latest (eighth) Ger-
more than two hundred years old.
man edition. “As compared with the first English edi-
tion,” says the translator, “ the more considerable alter-
The new “ Eversley” Wordsworth, to be published
by Messrs. Macmillan & Co., will devote eight volumes
ations of addition, omission, or substitution amount, I
should think, to well-nigh a hundred pages.” The text
to the poems, three to the prose, three to the journals,
and two to the biography fourteen in all.
has been broken up into paragraphs further than here-
tofore, and provided with marginal headings. Last of
“ Fathers and Children," the most powerful, as dis-
all, we may note the greatly enlarged index.
tinguished from the most artistically-perfect, of the
novels of Tourguénieff, has just been added to Mrs. Gar-
Among recent reprints of standard fiction we note
nett's series of translations (Macmillan) with an intro-
the following: “Two 'on a Tower," by Mr. Thomas
duction by Mr. Edward Garnett.
Hardy, with a preface, an etching, and a map of Wes-
sex (Harper); “Great Expectations
” and “Hard
“ North American Shore Birds,” by Professor Daniel
Giraud Elliot, Curator of Zoology in the Field Museum,
Times,” making a new volume in the “ dollar” Dickens
(Macmillan); Maria Edgeworth's “ Ormond,” intro-
Chicago, illustrated with full-page plates drawn for this
duced by Mrs. Ritchie, and Marryat's “Jacob Faith-
work by Mr. Edwin Sheppard, is announced for early
publication by Mr. Francis P. Harper, New York.
ful,” introduced by Mr. David Hannay, both of these
published in the Macmillan series of old-fashioned nov-
Those who recall M. Daudet's “ Numa Roumestan "
els; and the first two volumes of a neat new edition
will be interested in the announcement that the novel-
(Roberts) of the works of John Galt, containing “Annals
ist's forthcoming work, “Soutien de Famille,” will also
of the Parish ” and “The Ayrshire Legatees,” edited
have a political groundwork, it being a study of the po-
by Mr. D. S. Meldrum, and introduced by Mr. S. R.
litical life of France at the period of Gambetta's as-
Crockett.
cendancy.
A dissertation by Dr. Edwin W. Bowen, offered for
Lafayette College will hold a celebration on October
a degree at the Johns Hopkins University, is entitled
24, in honor of Prof. Francis A. March, L.H.D., LL.D.,
*“ An Historical Study of the e-Vowel in Accented Syl-
the distinguished philologist, who this Fall completes his
lables in English.” It is published by Messrs. John
seventieth year and forty years of service in the College.
Murphy & Co., Baltimore. Dr. Bowen has also re-
Many of the most distinguished educators and scholars
printed in pamphlet form, from the Virginia School
of the country will participate.
Journal," a paper on “ The Relics of Umlaut in Liv- The Board of Regents of the University of California
ing English.” Both of these studies are creditable illus- having decided that a location in the immediate vicinity
trations of the philological scholarship of our younger
of San Francisco is preferable to the University's pres-
university men, and are examples of a class of publica- ent home at Berkeley, Mayor Sutro bas presented to the
tions that have multiplied rapidly of late.
University a site of thirteen acres south of Golden Gate
From Owens to Passelewe is the range of the latest
Park for the erection of the new college buildings.
volume numbered forty-three, of the “ Dictionary of The following lines have been engraved upon Hux-
National Biography” (Macmillan). Most readers will ley's tombstone:
turn quickly to Mr. Leslie Stephen's articles on Thomas “And if there be no meeting past the grave,
Paine (ten pages), and William Paley (six pages), and
If all is darkness, silence, yet 't is rest.
to Mr. Stanley Lane Poole's article on Edward H.
Be not afraid, ye waiting hearts that weep!
Palmer. The longest biography in the volume is
For God still giveth his beloved sleep.
awarded to Charles Stewart Parnell (twenty pages),
And if an endless sleep he wills, so best!"
and is unsigned. The statement is made that the ar- A “California Guild of Letters” has been formed in
ticle is based in part upon private information.
San Francisco for the purpose of “encouraging and aid-


1895.]
189
THE DIAL
>
6
-
ing California authors in such practical ways as may be
deemed most expedient.” The first work undertaken
by the Guild will be the publication of the poems of
Miss Ina D. Coolbrith, which will be issued during the
coming holiday season.
A new play by “Michael Field” will be entitled, “At-
tila, my Attila.” It deals with the strange and despe-
rate adventures of Honoria, daughter of the famous
Empress Galla Placidia. This young princess may
reasonably be regarded as the New Woman of the fifth
century, and it is from this point of view that Michael
Field has presented her audacities and their punishment.
Mr. Theodore Stanton is preparing an illustrated ar-
ticle on “The Home of the Guérins,” Maurice and
Eugenie having lived and died in the part of Langue-
doc where the Stantons bave their summer home. Two
female relatives of the Guérins are still living at the
Chateau du Cayla (described in Matthew Arnold's
• Essays in Criticism ”). Mr. Stanton bas met them
both, and they bave given him some interesting facts
for use in his forthcoming article.
Dr. Elliott Coues has just completed his new edition
of Zebulon M. Pike's “ Explorations in the West and
Southwest." In it he has gone in great detail into the
“ Headwaters of the Mississippi ” question, and of the
claims made by explorers of ancient and modern times.
Those interested in Western history and discovery will
await with interest the appearance of Dr. Coues's work.
He claims to have sifted every conceivable source of in-
formation on the subject, and to have settled the Mis-
sissippian question for all time.
Mr. Theodore Stanton writes to a friend in this coun-
try: “The venerable M. Barthélemy Saint-Hilaire, the
distinguished Life Member of the French Senate, pre-
sents a wonderful example of intellectual activity at an
advanced age. In August he celebrated his ninetieth
birthday. A few months before, he published a large
three-volume · Life of Victor Cousin,' and a week ago
he wrote me in a firm, legible hand: "I can still work,
I am thankful to say. I am busy at this moment on
the second edition of Cousin's “ Plato," and I hope to
issue the first volume at the end of the year.''
“ The Harvard Graduates' Magazine” for September
has for its leading feature Sir Frederick Pollock's great
address on “The Vocation of the Common Law," de-
livered last June at Harvard. The report of the Alumni
Dinner, at which Professor Norton presided, is also
given, and proves extremely interesting reading. Among
other festivities, there were speeches from the Chair-
man, the President, Governor Greenbalge, Sir Fred-
erick Pollock, Mr. Charles Francis Adams, and Mr.
Joseph Jefferson, the latter three having been pre-
viously made the recipients of honorary degrees. Pro-
fessor Norton was particularly happy when, introducing
Mr. Adams, he quoted the remarks of the Principal of
the University of Louvain, as reported in “ The Vicar
of Wakefield." "You see me, young man, I never
learned Greek, and I do n't find that I ever missed it.
I have had a doctor's cap and gown without Greek; I
have had ten thousand forins a year without Greek,
and I can eat heartily without Greek'; in short, con-
tinued he, as I don't know Greek, I do not believe
there is any use in it.'” Mr. Adams, in the speech that
followed, discreetly avoided making any allusion to so
delicate a subject.
Among the holiday books of last year was a hand-
some one called “ Hoofs, Claws, and Antlers," issued
in Denver, and containing a striking collection of pho-
tographs of wild animals, purporting to have been taken
in their native haunts among the trees and rocks, by
an old hunter and his wife, one of them covering the
wild creature with a rifle while the other got a “snap
shot” with the camera. The volume contained portraits
also of this enterprising couple, and had an enthusiastic
Introduction by that experienced sportsman Mr. Theo-
dore Roosevelt. The book had a considerable vogue,
and some of its pictures were reproduced in the pages
of a popular New York magazine. It is now stated by
a Colorado paper that the whole thing is a hoax — a
“ clever fake." The animals were not wild at all; they
were not even alive; they were only stuffed specimens
from the extensive collection of a Denver taxidermist,
taken out into the plains and mountains and skilfully
placed” for the conniving photographer. Even the
veteran hunter and his wife appear to have been stuffed;
and so too, according to the Colorado journal, was Mr.
Roosevelt.
Sir Walter Besant thus writes in “The Author" of
literary affairs in Chicago. “A great novelist, accord-
ing to the Times,' has appeared in the city of Chicago.
I am glad to hear it, because, two years ago, I pointed
out — without being believed — that there exists in Chi-
cago a society of literary students who are working seri-
ously and earnestly with the ambition of producing
something real. There is also at Chicago a rich and
flourishing university, with a great many professors on
a great many subjects, and a great many students.
There are good schools in Chicago ; there is a good
literary paper in Chicago. There are libraries, mu-
seums, art collections, concerts, theatres, and, in fact, all
the necessary aids to culture. When, in so great a city,
we find a number of people steadily cultivating every
form of art, it is pretty certain that, before long, one
or more will come to the front. The man who has come
is Mr. Henry B. Fuller, and the name of his book is
• With the Procession.' My prophecy was held up to
scorn at the time, especially by those who still think
that Chicago is a small collection of log huts, with a
saloon or two, populated by gaunt men with revolvers
and bowie knives. I can only hope that the book is as
good as the • Times' correspondent thinks.”
Seven new leaflets have just been added to the “Old
South " series, all relating to English Puritanism and
the Commonwealth. They are numbered 58 to 64, and
are as follows : No. 58, Hooper's Letters to Bullinger ;
59, Sir Jobn Eliot's “ Apology for Socrates "'; 60, Ship-
money Papers ; 61, Pym's Speech against Strafford ; 62,
Cromwell's Second Speech ; 63, Milton's “ Free Com-
monwealth"; 64, Sir Henry Vane's Defence. There
are many earlier leaflets in the series relating to the
same period, including Vane's “ Healing Question,” the
Petition of Rights, the Grand Remonstrance, the Scot-
tish National Covenant, the Agreement of the People,
the Instrument of Government, and Cromwell's First
Speech. With these Old South leaflets, which are sold
for five cents a copy, just enough to cover their cost,
our students can come into immediate touch with the
men of the English Commonwealth and the great scenes
in which they acted. These men and events were as
truly a part of American as of English history, as it has
been a main object of the Old South lectures of the
present year, on the Puritans in Old England, to point
out. It is pleasant to know that these leaflets are com-
ing into general use in the schools and being circulated
throughout the country.
6
"
6


190
(Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
ADDITIONAL FALL ANNOUNCEMENTS.
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
Information sent us by the various publishers in re-
gard to their Books for the Young in preparation for
the coming season, deferred from the Announcements
in our last issue, is compressed into the following inter-
esting list:
Jack Ballister's Fortunes, by Howard Pyle, illus., $2.-Chris
and the Wonderful Lamp, by Albert Stearns, illus., $1.50.
- The Brownies Through the Union, by Palmer Cox, illus.,
$1.50.-A Boy of the First Empire, by Elbridge S. Brooks,
illus., $1.50. — Hero Tales from American History, by
Theodore Roosevelt, illus., $1.50. — The Horse Fair, by
James Baldwin, illus., $1.50. (Century Co.)
Two Little Pilgrims' Progress, by Frances Hodgson Burnett,
illus., $1.50.- The Garden Behind the Moon, written and
illus. by Howard Pyle, $2.- The Kanter Girls, by Mary L.
B. Branch, illus., $1.50. — At War with Pontiac, or, The
Totem of the Bear, by Kirk Munroe, illus., $1.25. - New
books by G. A. Henty: Through Russian Snows; A Knight
of the White Cross; The Tiger of Mysore ; each illus.,
$1.50.- Under the Bonnie Blue Flag, by Gordon Stables,
illus., $1.50.- Children's Stories in American Literature,
1660-1860, by Henrietta Christian Wright, $1.25.-Joseph,
the Dreamer, by the author of “Jesus, the Carpenter of
Nazareth." (Chas. Scribner's Sons.)
Little Miss Phæbe Gay, by Helen Dawes Brown, illus., $1.
- Mr. Rabbit at Home, a sequel to "Little Mr. Thimble-
finger," by Joel Chandler Harris, illus., $2.–Stories and
Poems for Children, by Celia Thaxter, edited by Sarah
Orne Jewett, with frontispiece. - In the Young World,
poems for young people, by Edith M. Thomas.--Å Nimble
Dollar, and other stories, by Charles Miner Thompson,
with frontispiece. (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.)
Ampthill Towers, by Albert J. Foster, M.A., 80 cts. — Jane
and her Family, by Elizabeth Lang, 50 cts. — Little Or
phans, or, The Story of Trudchen and Darling, by M. H.
Cornwall Legh, $1.-Princess Louise, a tale of the Stuarts,
by Crona Temple, 60 cts. "Tuck-Up” Tales by Aunt
Dweedy, 50 cts. — Favorite Book of Beasts, Birds, and
Fishes, illus., 50 cts. (Thos. Nelson & Sons.)
The True Story of George Washington, told for younger
readers, by Elbridge S. Brooks, illus., $1.50. — The Boy
Life of Napoleon, trans. and adapted for American readers
from the French of Madame Eugenié Foa, illus., $1.25. -
Child Sketches from George Eliot, selected and arranged
by Julia Magruder, illus.,
$1.50. — The Partners, a story
for girls, by W.0. Stoddard, illus., $1.50.-The Old Town
Pump, a village story, by Margaret Sidney, illus., $1.25.
Katharine's Yesterday, a Christian Endeavor story-
book, by Grace Livingston Hill, illus., $1.50.-What They
Could n't, by Mrs. G. R. Alden (Pansy), illus., $1.50.-
The Ocala Boy, a Florida story, by Maurice Thompson,
illus., $1.-- The Impostor, a college story, by Charles Rem-
ington Talbot, illus., $1,50.- The Hobbledehoy, the story
of a changing boy, by Belle C. Greene, illus., $1.25.-The
Young Cascarillero, a story of the South American For-
ests, by Marlton Downing, illus.. $1. - The Mammoth
Hunters, an Alaskan story, by Willis Boyd Allen, illus.,
75 cts. - Herbert Gardenell, Jr., by Mrs. S. R. Graham
Clark, illus., $1.50.- The Children's Wonder Book, illus.,
$1.50. - The Children's Nonsense Book, illus., $1.50.
(Lothrop Publishing Co.)
A Last Century Maid, by Anne H. Wharton, illus. — Hugh
Melville's Quest, a tale of the days of the Armada, by F.
M. Holmes, illus., $1.25. — The Wizard King, a story of
the last Moslem invasion of Europe, by David Kerr, illus.,
$1.25.–A New Alice in the Old Wonderland, a fairy tale,
by A. M. Richards, illus., $1.50.--Trooper Ross, and Sig-
nal Butte, by Capt. Charles King, U.S. A., illus., $1.50.
- The Young Castellan, a tale of the English Civil War,
by George Manville Fenn, illus., $1.50.- Popular History
of Animals for Young People, trans, from the German,
illus. in colors, $3.-Chumley's Pet, a story of the Pawnee
Trail, by Wm. O. Stoddard, illus., $1.50. Book of Nur-
sery Songs and Rhymes, by S. Baring-Gould, illus., $2.-
Cousin Mona, a story for girls, by Rosa Nouchette Carey,
illas., $1.25.-Girls Together, by Amy E. Blanchard, illus.,
$1.25. - Young Folk's Historical Library, comprising :
Plutarch ; Josephus ; Roman Empire ; each in 1 vol., $1.50.
(J. B. Lippincott Co.)
A Flock of Boys and Girls, by Nora Perry, illus., $1.50.
(Little, Brown, & Co.)
In the Okefenokee, by Louis Pendleton, illus., $1.25.-A Jolly
Good Summer, by Mary P. Wells Smith, illus., $1.25.—The
Mushroom Cave, by Evelyn Raymond, illus., $1.50.-Dor-
othy and Anton, by A. G. Plympton, illus., $1.-Frowzle
the Runaway, by Lily F. Wesselhoeft, illus., $1.25.
Through Forest and Plain, by Ashmore Russan and Fred-
erick Boyle, illus., $1.50. The Keeper of the Salaman-
der's Order, by William Shattuck, illus., $2.-Joel, a Boy
of Galilee, by Annie Fellows Johnston, illus., $1.50.-
Goostie, by M. Carrie Hyde, 50 cts. - Yan and Nochie of
Tappan Sea, by M. Carrie Hyde, 50 cts.-Under the Stable
Floor, by M. Carrie Hyde, 50 cts.-Don, by the author of
"Miss Toosey's Mission," illus., $1.--My Honey, by the au-
thor of “Miss Toosey's Mission,” $1. (Roberts Bros.)
Chilhowee Boys in War Time, by Sarah E. Morrison, $1.50.-
First Things First, by the Rev. George Jackson, $1.-The
Making of Manhood, by W. J. Dawson, $1. - The Three
Apprentices of Moon Street, by Georges Montorgeuil,
trans. by Huntington Smith, illus.. $1.50.- Jack Alden,
by Warren Lee Goss, $1.50.-
Too Good to be True, by E.
S. Elliott, 35 cts.- Cnore, an Italian schoolboy's journal,
by Edmondo de Amicis, trans. by Isabel F. Hapgood,
illus., $1.50. (T. Y. Crowell & Co.)
Witch Winnie at Versailles, by Elizabeth W. Champney,
illus., $1.50.-Cormorant Crag, by George Manville Fenn,
illus., $1.50.-Sailor Life Series, by Charles Nordhoff, new
illustrated edition in 3 vols., $1.25 per vol. – New illus-
trated edition of Willis J. Abbot's stories of the Rebel-
lion, in 6 vols., $2. per vol.-Gypsy's Cousin Joy, by Eliz-
abeth Stuart Phelps, illus., $1.50.- Paddy O'Leary and
his Learned Pig, by Elizabeth W. Champney, illus., $1.-
Elsie's Journey on Inland Waters, by Martha Finley,
$1.25. -- Selected Stories, ten capital stories for boys and
girls, each in 1 vol., 50 cts. - Humor in Animals, a series
of studies in pen-and-pencil, by W. H. Beard, illus., $1.50.
- The Elf Errant, a collection of Irish fairy tales, by
"Moira O'Neill," illus., $1.50.- The Chain of Gold, or, In
Crannied Rocks, by Standish O'Grady, $1.25.-Roger the
Ranger, by Eliza F. Pollard, $1.25.-Snow Bird and Water
Tiger, and other fairy tales, by Margaret Compton, illus.,
$1.50. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
Snow-shoes and Sledges, by Kirk Munroe, illus., $1.25. – A
Life of Christ for Young People, in questions and answers,
by Mary Hastings Foote.-Oakleigh, by Ellen Douglas De-
land, illus. (Harper & Brothers.)
Banbury Cross Series of Children's Stories, edited by Grace
Rhys, 8 new volumes, each illus.-- Stories from Virgil, by
A.J. Church. The Last of the Vikings, the story of Har-
old Hardrada, by Capt. C. Young, illus. (Macmillan & Co.)
The Knight of Liberty, by Hezekiah Butterworth, illus. (D.
Appleton & Co.)
Tales from the Arabian Nights, pictured by John D. Batten,
second series, $2.-
The Silver Fairy Book, illus.-An Un-
lessoned Girl, by Elizabeth Knight Tompkins, with fron-
tispiece.--Great Men's Sons, by Elbridge S. Brooks, illus.,
$1.50. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
The Lottery Ticket, by J. T. Trowbridge, illus., $1.- A
Lieutenant at Eighteen, by Oliver Optic, illus., $1.50.-
Half Round the World, by Oliver Optic, illus., $1.25.-
The Boy Officers of 1812, by Everett T. Tomlinson, illus.,
$1.50. – Kyzce Dunlee : a Golden Girl, by Sophie May,
illus., 75 cts. - Young Master Kirke, by Penn Shirley, illus.,
75 cts.-"Little Daughter," by Grace Le Baron, illus.,
75 cts. (Lee & Shepard.)
The Desert Ship, a tale of the great Colorado Desert, by John
Bloundelle-Burton.— Vivian Vansittart, R.N., by Arthur
Lee Knight. — The One-eyed Griffin, a collection of fairy
tales, by H. E. Inman. On the Shelf, by F.S. Naylor
Gobel, illus. – Old, Old Fairy Tales, new edition, illus.
(Frederick Warne & Co.)
Adrift in the City, by Horatio Alger, Jr., illus., $1.25.- The
Missing Pocket Book, by Harry Castlemon, illus., $1.25.
The Young Rancher, by Edward S. Ellis, illus., $1.25.
- Under the Red Flag, by Edward King, illus., $1.25.-
The Honest Endeavor Library, by Lucy C. Lillie, com-
prising : The Family Dilemma ; Ruth Endicott's Way;
Alison's Adventures ; 3 vols., $3.75. (H. T. Coates & Co.)
A Child of Tuscany, by Marguerite Bouvet, illus., $1.50.-
Number 49 Tinkham Street, by C. Emma Cheney, $1.-
The Child's Garden of Song, selected and arranged by
William L. Tomlins, $2. (Ă. C. McClurg & Co.)
Every Boy's Stories, by the very best authors, illus., $2.-
Every Girl's Stories, by the best authors, illus., $2.-Every
Child's Stories, by the best authors, illus., $2. (Geo.
Routledge & Sons.)
a
a


1895.]
191
THE DIAL
Stevenson's Home Life at Vailima. Lloyd Osborne. Scribner.
Story-Telling, Giſt of. Brander Matthews. Harper.
Teachers' Pay and Training. J. G. Speed. Forum.
Tramps, How Men Become. Josiah Flint. Century.
Tuileries under the Second Empire, Life in the. Century.
United States, Last Quarter-century in. E. Andrews. Scribner.
Vaccination an Error. Alfred Milne. Arena.
Victoria's Highland Home. J. R. Hunter. Harper.
Weather and Weather Wisdom. Ellen O. Kirk. Atlantic.
Woman, The Case of. Robert Grant. Scribner.
Wordsworth Country on Two Shillings a Day, The. Atlantic,
The Adventures of Two Dutch Dolls and a "Golliwogg,'
illus. in color by Florence K. Upton, with words by Bertha
Upton. (Longmans, Green, & Co.)
Schoolboys in Japan, by Andre Laurie, trans. by Laura E.
Kendall, illus., $1.50.--Zigzag Journeys in the White City,
with excursions to the neighboring metropolis, by Hezekiah
Butterworth, illus., $2. – Five Minute Stories, by Laura
E. Richards, illus., $1.25.-Ruby's Vacation, by Minnie E.
Paull, illus., $1. Stories of American History, a series by
James Otis, comprising : The Boys of 1745 at Louisbourg,
An Island Refugee, Neal the Miller, Ezra Jordan's Escape;
each, illus., 75 cts.- Jerry's Family, the story of a street
waif of New York, by James Otis, illus., $1.25. - Christ-
mas in Norway, by P. Chr. Asbjörnsen, illus.-Chatterbox
for 1895, profusely illus., $1.25. - Our Little Ones' Annual,
1895, profusely illus., $1.75. -- The Nursery, 1895, illus.,
$1.25.-Oliver Optic's Annual, 1895, illus., $1.25.-Hilde-
garde's Neighbors, by Laura E. Richards, illus., $1.25.
(Estes & Lauriat.)
Boy's Life of General Grant, by Thomas W. Knox, illus.-
Captain John Crane, by Thomas W. Knox. Oliver
Bright's Search, by Edward Stratemeyer.-Ruben Stone's
Discovery, by Edward Stratemeyer. - Jack Midwood, by
Edward S. Ellis. — The Young Conductor, by Edward S.
Ellis. (Merriam Co.)
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 90 titles, includes books re-
ceived by The DiAL since its last issue.]
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
October, 1895 (First List).
Actor, Manager, and Public. John Malone. Forum.
American Naval Power and the Future. A. T. Mahan. Harper.
Architect in Venice, An. R. S. Peabody. Atlantic.
Birds, Domesticated. N. S. Shaler. Scribner.
Blue-Laws, Resuscitation of. Louis Windmüller. Forum.
Bonaparte, Life of. W.M. Sloane. Century.
Brooklyn's New Equestrian Statues. C. Moffett. McClure.
Canadian Woods, The. Henry van Dyke. Harper.
Chicago University, The. Robert Herrick. Scribner.
Clausen, George, and His Work. W. Armstrong. Mag. of Art.
Domestic Service. Mary C. Hungerford. Lippincott.
Endowments, Futile. C. F. Thwing. Forum.
English Elections, Significance of the. Forum.
English Poetry, History of. W. M. Payne. Dial.
English, Renascence in. Richard Burton. Forum.
English, Teaching of. F. I. Carpenter. Dial.
Ethics and Economics. F. P. Powers. Lippincott.
Ethical Theory and the Moral Life. F. C. Sharp. Dial.
Fitzgerald Letters, More. Dial.
French Roads. Theodore Stanton. Lippincott.
German Struggle for Liberty. Poultney Bigelow. Harper.
Glave's Career. R. H. Russell. Century.
Highways of the World. Marion M. Pope. Lippincott.
Hindoo and Moslem. E. L. Weeks. Harper.
Honduras. R. H. Davis. Harper.
Huxley, T. H. G. W. Smalley. Scribner.
Italian Novel of the Year. Aline Gorren. Dial.
Japanese Civilization, Genius of. Lafcadio Hearn. Atlantic.
Keats. J. G. Speed. McClure.
Keats in Hampstead. Kenyon West. Century.
Keats, The Influence of. Henry van Dyke. Century.
Labor Day. Eugene V. Debs. Arena.
Lace at the South Kensington Museum. Magazine of Art.
“London Times,” The. John Walter. McClure.
Lookout Mountain, Bradford Torrey. Atlantic.
Miller, William. (American Wood-Engravers.) Scribner.
New Guinea. J. P. Bocock. Lippincott.
Norfolk Broads, The. Anna B. Dodd. Century.
Political Campaigning, Humors of. E.J.McDermott. Century.
Posters, Past and Present. H. C. Bunner. Scribner.
Potocka, The Countess. Susan Coolidge. Atlantic.
Reconstruction Period's Political Leaders. E. G. Ross. Forum.
Rome, The King of. Elizabeth S. Perkins. Lippincott.
Shakespearian Scholar, Our. E. E. Hale, Jr. Dial.
Silver Question, Present Aspect. C. S. Fairchild. Forum.
Salon of the Champ de Mars. Claude Phillips. Mag. of Art.
Sculpture in Daily Life. Edmund Gosse. Magazine of Art.
Social Problems, by Representative Women. Arena.
Socialism, Demand and Supply under. W. H. Mallock, Forum.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Letters of Edward Fitzgerald to Fanny Kemble, 1871 –
1883. Edited by William Aldis Wright. 16mo, uncut,
pp. 261. Macmillan & Co. $1.50.
The Greater Victorian Poets. By Hugh Walker, M.A.,
author of "Three Centuries of Scottish Literature." 8vo,
uncut, pp. 332. Macmillan & Co. $2.50.
English Lands, Letters, and Kings: Queen Anne and the
Georges. By Donald G. Mitchell. 12mo, pp. 354. Chas.
Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
Russian Fairy Tales. From the Skazki of Polevoi, by R.
Nisbet Bain. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, pp. 264. Way & Will-
iams. $1.50.
Modern German Literature. By Benjamin W. Wells,
Ph.D. 12mo, pp. 406. Roberts Bros. $1.50.
Shakespeare's Heroines on the Stage. By Charles E.
L. Wingate, author of "The Play Goer's Year Book.”
Illus., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 355. T. Y. Crowell & Co. $2.
Literary Types: Being Essays in Criticism. By E. Beres-
ford Chancellor, M.A. 12mo, uncut, pp. 192. Macmillan
& Co. $1.50.
Initial Studies in American Literature. By Henry A.
Beers, author of "A Suburban Pastoral.” Illus., 12mo,
pp. 291. Meadville, Pa.: Flood & Vincent. $1.
Under the Old Elms. By Mary B. Claflin, author of
Brampton Sketches." With frontispiece, 16mo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 150. T. Y. Crowell & Co. $1.
The Whittier Year Book: Passages from the Verse and
Prose of J. G. Whittier. With portrait, 18mo, pp. 218.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.
The Pleasures of Life. By John Lubbock. 32mo. Mac-
millan's "Miniature Series." 25 cts.
The " Temple Shakespeare," new volumes : King Richard
III., and Henry V. With prefaces, etc., by Israel Gol-
lancz, M.A. With frontispiece, 24mo, gilt tops, uncut.
Macmillan & Co. 45 cts. each.
HISTORY.
The History of Rome. By Theodor Mommsen ; trans. with
the author's sanction by William Purdie Dickson, D.D.
New revised edition, with additions, in 5 vols.; 12mo,
gilt tops. Chas. Scribner's Sons. Boxed, $10.
The History of the Australasian Colonies. By Edward
Jenks, M.A., author of "The Government of Victoria."
12mo, uncut, pp. 352. Macmillan & Co. $1.60.
The Revolution of 1848. By Imbert de Saint-Amand ;
trans. by Elizabeth Gilbert Martin. With portraits, 12mo,
pp. 347. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.25.
Southern Heroes; or, The Friends in War Time. By Fer-
nando G. Cartland ; with introduction by Benjamin F.
Trueblood, LL.D. "Illus., 8vo, gilt top, pp. 480. Pough-
keepsie, N. Y.: The Author.
The Growth of the American Nation. By Harry Pratt
Judson, LL.D. Illus., 12mo, pp. 359. Meadville, Pa.:
Flood & Vincent. $1.
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
Gustave Flaubert as Seen in his Works and Correspondence.
By John Charles Tarver. Illus., large 8vo, gilt top, un-
cut, pp. 368. D. Appleton & Co. $4.
M. Stambuloff. By A. Hulme Beaman. With portraits,
12mo, uncut, pp. 240. Warne's " Public Men of To-Day.'
$1.25.


192
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
The Painter, Domenico Morelli: His Life and Work. By
Ashton R. Willard. With 8 heliotypes, 8vo, pp. 67.
Houghton, Miffin & Co. $1.25.
Ricbard Rolle of_Hampole : An English Father of the
Church and his Followers. Edited by C. Horstman. 8vo,
uncut, pp. 442. Macmillan & Co. $2,60.
Justus von Liebig : His Life and Work (1803-1873). By
W. A. Shenstone, F.I.C. With portrait, 12mo, pp. 219.
Macmillan's "Century Science Series." $1.25.
The Herschels and Modern Astronomy. By Agnes M.
Clerke, author of “The System of the Stars." With por-
traits, 12mo, pp. 224. Macmillan's "Century Science
Series." $1.25.
Nelson. By John Knox Laughton. With portrait, 16mo,
pp. 240. Macmillan's “English Men of Action.” 60 cts.
POETRY.
Sister - Songs : An Offering to Two Sisters. By Francis
Thompson. Illus., 8vo, uncut, pp. 65. Copeland & Day.
$1.50.
Poems. By Joseph O'Connor. 16mo, uncut, pp. 193. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $1.25.
Rhymes of Our Planet. By Will Carleton, author of “ Farm
Ballads." Illus., 12mo, pp. 195. Harper & Bros. $1.25.
Vision of Thyrza; or, The Gift of the Hills. By Iris. · Illus.,
16mo, pp. 54. Arena Pub'g Co. 75 cts.
FICTION.
The Stark Munro Letters. Edited and arranged by A.
Conan Doyle, author of “The White Company.” Illus.,
12mo, pp. 385. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories. By Constance
Fenimore Woolson. Illus., 16mo, pp. 272. Harper &
Bros. $1.25.
From the Memoirs of a Minister of France. By Stanley
J. Weyman, author of “A Gentleman of France." Illus.,
12mo, pp. 325. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.25.
Bunch-Grass Stories. By Mrs. Lindon W. Bates, author
of “A Blind Lead.” i2mo, pp. 268. J. B. Lippincott
Co. $1.25.
The Emancipated. By George Gissing, author of "The
Odd Women." 12mo, uncut, pp. 456. Way & Williams.
$1.50.
Jaques Damour. By Emile Zola ; Englished by William
Foster Apthorp. 16mo, uncut, pp. 368. Copeland & Day.
$1.25.
A Woman Who Did Not. By Victoria Crosse. 16mo, pp.
160. Roberts Bros. $1.
Out of Due Season: A Mezzotint. By Adeline Sergeant,
author of "The Mistress of Quest." 16mo, pp. 306. D.
Appleton & Co. $1.
The Mirror of Music. By Stanley V. Makower. 16mo,
pp. 163. Roberts Bros. $1.
Diana : The History of a Great Mistake. By Mrs. Oliphant.
12mo, pp. 306. U. S. Book Co. $1.
Not Counting the Cost. By Tasma, author of "Uncle
Piper of Piper's Hill.” 12mo, pp. 460. D. Appleton &
Co. $1.
The Watter's Mou'. By Bram Stoker. 18mo, pp. 178.
D. Appleton & Co. 75 cts.
The Old Settler, the squire, and Little Peleg. By Ed.
Mott, author of “ Pike County Folks." Illus., 12mo, pp.
302. "U. S. Book Co. $1.
Yellow and White. By W. Carlton Dawe. 16mo, pp. 226.
Roberts Bros. $1.
The Mountain Lovers. By Fiona MacLeod. 16mo, pp.
222. Roberts Bros. $1.
A Spoilt Girl. By Florence Warden, author of "My Child
and I.” 12mo, pp. 280. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.
The Hand of Fate: A Romance of the Navy. By Kate
Lilly Blue. 12mo, pp. 202. Chicago: C.H. Kerr & Co. $1.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD FICTION
Annals of the Parish, and the Ayrshire Legatees. By John
Two on a Tower. By Thomas Hardy, author of “ Life's
Little Ironies.” With frontispiece, i2mo, pp. 333. Har-
per & Bros. $1.50.
Jacob Faithful. By Captain Marryat; with introduction by
David Hannay. "Illus., 12mo, pp. 416. Macmillan & Co.
$1.25.
Ormond: A Tale. By Maria Edgeworth; with introduc-
tion by Anne Thackeray Ritchie. Illus., 12mo, pp. 344.
Macmillan & Co. $1.25.
Leighton Court: A Country House Story. By Henry Kings-
ley. 16mo, pp. 250. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $i.
NEW VOLUMES IN THE PAPER LIBRARIES.
Macmillan's Novelists' Library: Mr. Isaacs, by F. Marion
Crawford ; 12mo, pp. 320. 50 cts.
Putnams' Hudson Library : God Forsaken, by Frederic
Breton ; pp. 354.- Elizabeth's Pretenders, by Hamilton
Aïdé; pp. 334. Each, 16mo, 50 cts.
U. S. Book Co.'s Belgravia Series: An Old Maid's Love,
by Maarten Maartens ; 12mo, pp. 326, 50 cts.
SCIENCE.
The Beginnings of Writing. By Walter James Hoffman,
M.D.; with introduction by Prof. Frederick Starr. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 209. Appletons' “ Anthropological Series."
$1.75.
Some First Steps in Human Progress. By Frederick
Starr. Illus., 12mo, pp. 305. Meadville, Pa.: Flood &
Vincent. $1.
Thinking, Feeling, Doing. By E. W. Scripture, Ph.D.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 304. Meadville, Pa.: Flood & Vin-
cent. $1.
The Forces of Nature: A Study of Natural Phenomena.
By Herbert B. Harrop and Louis A. Wallis. 12mo, pp.
159. Columbus, O.: The Authors.
SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND ECONOMIC
STUDIES.
Catholic Socialism. By Francesco S. Nitti, author of “ Pop-
ulation and the Social System"; trans. by Mary Mackin-
tosh, with introduction by David G. Ritchie, M.A. 8vo,
pp. 432. Macmillan & Co. $3,50.
The Problem of the Aged Poor. By Geoffrey Drage.
12mo, uncut, pp. 375. Macmillan & Co. $2.
The Industrial Evolution of the United States. By Car-
roll D. Wright. LL.D. Illus., 12mo, pp. 362. Meadville,
Pa.: Flood & Vincent. $1.
Poor-Laws of Massachusetts and New York. By John
Cummings, Ph.D. 8vo, uncut, pp. 135. American Eco-
nomic Ass'n. 75 cts.
Double Taxation in the United States. By Francis
Walker, Ph.D. 8vo, uncut, pp. 132. “Columbia College
Studies in Political Science."
British Rule in Central America. By Ira D. Travis, Ph.M.
8vo, pp. 36. Mich. Political Science Ass'n. 25 cts.
Peasant Rents. By Richard Jones. 16mo, pp. 207. Mac-
millan's " Economic Classics." 75 cts.
Benjamin Franklin as an Economist. By W. A. Wetzel.
A.M. 8vo, pp. 58. “Johns Hopkins University Studies."
50 cts.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
The Alps from End to End. By Sir William Martin Con-
way. Illus., large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 403. Mac-
millan & Co. $7.
Ice-Bound on Kolguev: A Chapter in the Exploration of
Arctic Europe. By A. Trevor-Battye, F.L.S. Illus.,
.
Galt; edited by D. Storrar Meldrum, with introduction
by S. R. Crockett. In 2 vols., illus., 16mo, gilt tops.
Roberts Bros. $2.50.
Great Expectations, and Hard Times. By Charles Dick-
ens ; with introduction by Charles Dickens the Younger.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 661. Macmillan & Co. $1.
Maid Marian and Crotchet Castle. By Thomas Love
Peacock ; with introduction by George Saintsbury. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 321. Macmillan & Co. $1.25.
large 8vo, gilt top, pp. 458. Macmillan & Co. $7.
Advance Japan: A Nation Thoroughly in Earnest. By J.
Morris, author of War in Korea.' Illus., 8vo, uncut,
pp. 443. J. B. Lippincott Co. $4.50.
An Account of Palmyra and Zenobia, with Travels and
Adventures in Bashan and the Desert. By Dr. William
Wright, author of " The Empire of the Hittites." Illus.,
12mo, gilt top, pp. 394. Thos. Nelson & Sons. $2.50.
Wild England of To-Day and the Wild Life in It. By C.
J. Cornish, author of Life at the Zoo." Illus., 8vo, gilt
top, pp. 310. Macmillan & Co. $3.50.
About Paris. By Richard Harding Davis. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 219. Harper & Bros. $1.25.
THEOLOGY AND RELIGION.
The Book of Judges: A Critical and Exegetical Commen-
tary. By George Foot Moore. 8vo, pp. 476. Scribners'
" International Critical Commentary.'
*; $3.


1895.]
193
THE DIAL
ESTABLISHED 1860.
The Epistle to the Romans : A Critical and Exegetical
Commentary. By the Rev. William Sanday, LL.D., and
the Rev. Arthur C. Headlam, B.D. 8vo, pp. 450. Scrib-
ners' “ International Critical Commentary."
$3.
From Jerusalem to Nicæa: The Church in the First Three
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Aim of Life."
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The Christian Consciousness: Its Relation to Evolution.
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194
(Oct. 1,
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HAVE ALMOST DAILY AUCTION SALES
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The extensive and valuable Library of the late
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Life in Ohio, Recollections of Life in Ohio from 1813-
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DEAN HOWELLS. With Portrait.
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State, with Reflections, Anecdotes, etc. By
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1831). Edited by REUBEN G. THWAITES,
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The Library of WILLIAM POILLON, Esq.,
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An important collection of Americana from the Li-
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scarce and valuable books, Laws of various States, etc.
Illinois and The History of Illinois and Louisiana un-
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The remarkably fine collection of Early English Lit-
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similar collection of Shirley's Plays; the excessively rare
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ABLE, LL.D.
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CINCINNATI.
-


1895.]
195
THE DIAL
Thomas Nelson & Sons Fall Announcements.
'
JUST ISSUED.
AN ACCOUNT OF PALMYRA AND ZENOBIA,
WITH TRAVELS AND ADVENTURES IN BASHAN AND THE
DESERT. By Dr. WILLIAM WRIGHT, author of "The Em-
pire of the Hittites," etc. Fully illustrated. 8vo, cloth
extra, gilt top, $2.50.
"Palmyra is chiefly known for its ruins and its traditions of Zeno-
bia's illustrious reign. To both of these Dr. Wright does more justice
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self with original research and the study of inscriptions, so that his
narrative has a very different style from that of the vapid, second-hand
and tenth-rate literature of the majority of unprofessional travellers.
Much entertainment well as much information may be found in this
modest volume."-New York Times, Sept. 15, 1895.
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tries of their people, the author tells us how they look to-day. The vol-
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selves."-Commercial Advertiser, Sept. 17, 1895.
NEW BOOKS ON WILD FLOWERS FOR
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DOWN THE LANE AND BACK IN SEARCH OF WILD
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144 pp., fancy boards, 50 cents; or cloth extra, 75 cents.
THROUGH THE COPSE.
Another Ramble after Flowers with Uncle Matt. With 23
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A STROLL ON A MARSH IN SEARCH OF WILD FLOWERS.
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94 pp., fancy boards, 50 cents; or cloth extra, 75 cents.
ACROSS THE COMMON AFTER WILD FLOWERS.
With 42 illustrations and two beautiful colored pictures.
98 pp., fancy boards, 50 cents; or cloth extra, 75 cents.
AROUND A CORNFIELD IN A RAMBLE AFTER WILD
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196
(Oct. 1, 1895.
THE DIAL
RECENT PUBLICATIONS.
William the Silent, Prince of Orange,
THE MODERATE MAN OF THE XVI. CENTURY. The Story of his Life, as told in his own Letters, in those of his Friends and
of his Enemies, and from Official Documents. By Ruru Putnam. Fully Illustrated. 2 vols., 8vo, gilt tops, $3.75.
“It is doubtful if any previous works on this interesting character are more readable and accurate than this of Ruth Putnam. Her book
shows a vast amount of intelligent research among original documents, and an unbiassed, thoughtful, discriminating study of the histories of her
subject."— New York Times.
“It is certain that the author's book will be read with pleasure, for it throws new light upon the struggle for religious civil liberty in the
Netherlands, and renders it easier for us to detect in the most conspicuous figure of its earlier stages the real lineaments of the man."-N. Y. Sun.
The Winning of the West. 1769-1790.
By THEODORE ROOSEVELT, author of " Hunting Trips of a Ranchman," etc. With Maps. 3 vols. (sold separately), 8vo, $7.50.
“... A lucid, interesting narrative, written with the impartial soberness of history, warmed and colored by a lively imagination. ... The
work is admirably done, and forms a valuable contribution to the history of the country."-- London Spectator.
“For the first time the whole field has been covered in one work by one accomplished and thoroughly equipped writer, whose book will rank
among American historical writings of the first order." – Critic.
A Literary History of the English People.
FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE PRESENT Day. By J. J. JUSSERAND, author of "The English Novel in the Time of
Shakespeare," "Piers Plowman,' etc. To be completed in three parts, each part forming one volume. Sold separately.
Part 1.- From the Origins to the Renaissance. With frontispiece. 8vo, gilt top, $3.50.
Part II.-- From the Renaissance to Pope. (In press.)
Part III.-- From Pope to the Present Day.
“M. Jusserand's qualifications for the task which he has undertaken are of a high order. There are few foreigners who have so intimate a
knowledge of English life. He has already gained great distinction as an original investigator in more than one period of English literary history ;
and he shows a degree of sympathetic insight which is seldom met with in critics of our literature."- London Athenæum.
“The book bears witness on every page to having been written by one whose mind was overflowing with information, and whose heart was in
abounding sympathy with his work.”—— New York Times.
Personal Recollections of War Times. 1861-1865.
By ALBERT GALLATIN RIDDLE, Member of the House of Representatives from the 19th District of Ohio. 8vo, $2.50.
"I have just been reading Mr. Riddle's Recollections of War Times,' and have found it both informing and fascinating. It seems to me that
for fidelity of stroke and vividness of color, it compares well with any other sketch, by a contemporary, of our second and perhaps greatest heroic
age."-- Moses Coit Tyler.
Louis XIV.,
AND THE ZENITH OF THE FRENCH MONARCHY. By ARTHUR HASSALL, M.A., Senior Student of Christ Church College,
Oxford. Being No. 14 in “Heroes of the Nations" Series. Fully Illustrated. Cloth, $1.50; half leather, $1.75.
“ We are inclined to call this a model piece of work in its class, brief without being meagre, and full without going into needless details. The
author never loses his own clear judgment nor the historical perspective and relations of his subjects, and the basis of knowledge on which the
work rests is thorough and critical.” — Independent.
“Mr. Hassall treats his subject in a most attractive and interesting way. The book is a history of Louis' reign, simply and clearly told, with
judicial fairness and historical appreciation."- Philadelphia Times.
Julian, Philosopher and Emperor,
AND THE LAST STRUGGLE OF PAGANISM AGAINST CHRISTIANITY. By ALICE GARDNER, Lecturer in Newnham College,
Cambridge. Being No. 13 in “Heroes of the Nations " Series. Fully Illustrated. Cloth, $1.50; half leather, gilt tops, $1.75.
“One of the most admirable of the volumes included in the Heroes of the Nations' Series. ... To the author was intrusted a most difficult
subject, and but few English scholars could have treated it with more thoroughness, skill, and discrimination.”—“M. W. H." in the New York Sun.
“Miss Gardner has written her study with as full a knowledge of Julian and his time as it is possible to obtain. Her ability, erudition, and
the vast research that she made to prepare her work, place her study of Julian far in advance of any life of him that has ever been written."-
Vew York Times.
Story of Vedic India,
As EMBODIED PRINCIPALLY IN THE RIG-VEDA. By Z. A. Ragozin, member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain
and Ireland, author of "The Story of Chaldea," etc. Being the new volume in the “Story of the Nations " Series.
Illustrated. Large 12mo, cloth, $1.50 ; half leather, $1.75.
“The author of