484 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LIBRARY 一 ​“一 ​ THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Fournal of Literary/Criticism, Discussion, and Information VOLUME XXXIX. JULY 1 to DECEMBER 16, 1905 CHICAGO THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS 1905 = '', … 207743 INDEX TO VOLUME XXXIX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, STUDIES IN AMERICA, A FRENCHMAN'S RHAPSODY ON AMERICAN COLONIAL ENTERPRISE ANCIENTS, Most READABLE OF THE ANTARCTIC ICE, AMIDST BOOKS AND SHOES. BOOKS OF THE FALL SEASON, 1905 BOYLAND, BACKWARD GLANCES AT BROOKFIELD MEMOIRS, THE BYRON SELF-REVEALED CERAMIC ART, BEGINNINGS OF THE CITY MADE BEAUTIFUL, THE CRITICISM, CLANNISH CRITICISM, THE PROBLEM OF DRAMA, THE CASE OF THE ECONOMIC FACTS AND FANCIES EMPIRE, THE NECESSITY OF ENGLAND, A NEW HISTORY OF ENGLAND, MODERN, MEN AND MOVEMENTS OF ENGLAND'S LATER YEARS ENGLISH PARSON, A RADICAL ENGLISH REFORMER, AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF AN ENGLISH STATESMAN OF THE OLD SCHOOL, AN FAR EAST, Two RECENT BOOKS ON THE FICTION, RECENT FISHES, NATURAL HISTORY OF FITZGERALD, EDWARD, A SCHOOLMATE OF FOLK-Songs, BULGARIAN AND ROUMANIAN FRENCH AND ENGLISH IN AMERICA FRENCH PEOPLE IN THEIR HOMES FRENCHMEN, THE WISEST OF GREEK LOVE OF DETAIL, THE GREEK THINKERS AND THEIR PHILOSOPHY GREENAWAY, KATE, AND HER FRIENDS HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS, 1905 IBSEN LETTERS, THE INSECT AGE, THE IRVING, SIR HENRY, AND HIS ART ITALY, CENTRAL, HISTORICAL SPORTS OF IVORY CARVINGS, OLD AND NEW . JAMES, HENRY: AN APPRECIATION JAPANESE PEOPLE AND THE JAPANESE SPIRIT “ JEWISH SPECTRE, THE” Knox, JOHN, HERO OR VILLAIN? LIFE IN EPITOME LITERARY HERETICS, A BOOK OF LITERARY MART, THE LITERARY PERSPECTIVE LITERARY VETERAN, BACKWARD GLANCES OF A LUCIAN, A SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY LYNCHING IN THE UNITED STATES, AN INVESTIGAION OF MAN OF ONE BOOK, THE MAURICE, FREDERICK DENISON MEREDITH'S POETRY, THE TONIC OF MINIATURES, THE ART OF “ MOTHER GOOSE,” THE EVOLUTION OF NAPOLEON, THE YOUTH OF PAGE David Y. Thomas 304 Percy F. Bicknell 162 John J. Halsey 270 Paul Shorey 233 Charles Atwood Kofoid 432 365 155 Sara Andrew Shafer 375 Percy F. Bicknell 370 Anna B. McMahan . 235 Arthur Howard Noll 301 Ralph Clarkson 15 103 Charles Leonard Moore 7 195 Arthur B. Woodford 110 Frederic Austin Ogg 88 E. D. Adams 38 E. D. Adams 90 E. D. Adams 435 Percy F. Bicknell 80 Edith J. R. Isaacs 106 Lawrence J. Burpee 58 H. Parker Willis 36 William M. Payne . 40, 112, 207, 307 Charles Atwood Kofoid 84 Percy F. Bicknell 10 Charles Bundy Wilson 59 St. George L. Sioussat 236 Josiah Reniok Smith 300 James W. Tupper 168 Percy F. Bicknell 227 Paul Shorey 31 Edith Kellogg Dunton 437 381, 442 William Morton Payne 429 T. D. A. Cockerell 164 Ingram A. Pyle. 297 Ellen Giles 107 Frederick W. Gookin 239 Annie Russell Marble 441 William Elliot Griffis 62 Edith J. Rich 302 Charles H. Cooper 206 5 Edith J. R. Isaacs 204 295 77 Percy F. Bicknell 266 John J. Halsey 14 Walter L. Fleming 34 263 Percy F. Bicknell 53 Annie Russell Marble 104 Charles Henry Hart 202 Walter Taylor Field 366 Henry E. Bourne 241 . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . o . . . . . 0919H iv. INDEX . David Y. Thomas St. George L. Sioussat May Estelle Cook H. E. Coblentz . . . NATIONAL ADMINISTRATION, PROBLEMS OF OUR NATIONAL HISTORY, BEGINNINGS OF OUR NATURE-BOOKS, HOLIDAY, A GROUP OF ORIENT, THE SPELL OF THE OXFORD, AMERICA AT . PAWNEE INDIANS, STORIES AND TRADITIONS OF THE PILGRIM FATHERS IN ENGLAND AND HOLLAND POETRY, RECENT POETRY, RECENT AMERICAN . RELIGION, THE RESCUE OF RUSSIA, THE CASE OF SEERS, MAKERS, BARDS SHAKESPEARIAN DRAMA IN CHICAGO SPANISH ARMADA, New VIEWS OF THE GREAT STATESMAN, A FOURTEENTH-CENTURY STYLE IN LITERATURE SUPERNATURAL IN LITERATURE, THE TAYLOR, BAYARD, MEMORIES OF TRANSLATION, THE PROBLEMS OF WAR-TIME MEMORIES OF A CONFEDERATE'S DAUGHTER WOLSEY, THE RISE AND FALL OF WOODS AND GARDEN, IN Frederick Starr William Elliot Griffis William Morton Payne William Morton Payne T. D. A. Cockerell Charles H. Cooper Charles Leonard Moore W. E. Simonds E. D. Adams. Laurence M. Larson Charles Leonard Moore Charles Leonard Moore Percy F. Bicknell Emma Helen Blair. Walter L. Fleming Edward E. Hale, Jr. Edith Granger PAGE 12 83 372 376 29 166 306 272 64 440 268 427 230 165 86 156 263 200 196 269 375 109 . . . . . . . 172 392 ANNOUNCEMENTS OF FALL Books, 1905 SEASON'S BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG, 1905 BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS BRIEFER MENTION NOTES. TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS LISTS OF New Books 16, 43, 68, 91,116, 169, 209, 242, 276, 311 71, 120, 279, 314 20, 46, 71, 94, 121, i71, 212, 245, 279, 315, 390, 449 21, 47, 94, 122, 214, 246, 280, 315, 396, 451 AUTHORS AND TITLES OF BOOKS REVIEWED PAGE Addison, Julia de Wolf. Art of the National Gallery. 386 Adler, Cyrus, and Szold, Henrietta. American Jew- ish Year Book, 5666.. 814 Adler, Felix. The Religion of Duty 170 Allen, Charles Dexter. American Book-plates, new edition 390 Allen, Frank Waller. Back to Arcady 448 Ames, V. B. The Matrimonial Primer. 384 Amsden, Dora. Impressions of Ukiyo-ye. 16 Archbald, Anna, and Jones, Georgina. Fusser's Book, new edition 446 'Armaments, The Burden of' 18 Armitage-Smith, Sydney. John of Gaunt. 86 Ashmore, Sidney G. The Classics and Modern Train- ing 70 'Athenæum Press Series' 213 Atkinson, Edward. Facts and Figures. 111 * Auto Fun' 389 Ayer, Mary Allette. The Joys of Friendship 389 Bailey, L. H. The Outlook to Nature... 312 Banfield, Edith Colby. The Place of my Desire.. Barbour, Ralph Henry. An Orchard Princess.. 388 Bard, Emile, and Twitchell, H. Chinese Life in Town and Country .. 245 Bates, Oric. A Madcap Cruise.. 115 Beebe, C. William. Two Bird-lovers in Mexico. 373 Bell, R. Anning. The Beatitudes Calendar 449 'Belles Lettres Series' 94 Benson, Arthur Christopher. Peace, and Other Poems 272 Benson, A. C. Edward FitzGerald... 69 Bernard, Henry, and Dillon, E. J. The Shade of the Balkans 66 Betham-Edwards, M. Home Life in France. 300 Bettany, W. A. Lewis. Confessions of Lord Byron.. 235 Blanden, Charles G. A Chorus of Leaves.. 385 PAGB Bolton, Sarah K. Famous American Authors, illus- trated edition 387 Bombaugh, Charles C. Facts and Fancies for the Curious 391 Boswell's Life of Johnson, Oxford' India-paper edition 391 Bradford, Gamaliel, Jr. A Pageant of Life 68 Bradley, William A. William Cullen Bryant.. 116 Brady, Cyrus Townsend. My Lady's Slipper.. 447 Branch, Anna Hempstead. The Shoes that Danced .. 64 Brandes, George. Main Currents in Nineteenth Cen- tury Literature, Vol. IV... 18 Brewster, William T. Representative Essays on the Theory of Style... 279 Bridges, Robert. Demeter 47 Broadbent Treasuries' 391 Brookfield, Charles and Frances. Mrs. Brookfield and her Circle.. 370 Brooks, William K. The Oyster, revised edition., 449 Browne, George Waldo. The St. Lawrence River.... 210 Browne, Mary. Diary of a Girl in France in 1821.. 244 Browne, Nina E. Bibliography of Hawthorne...... 94 Browning, Oscar. Napoleon : The First Phase.. 241 Bryce, James. Studies in History and Jurisprudence, extracts from 71 Burroughs, John. Ways of Nature.. 374 Bury, J. B. Life of St. Patrick.. 277 Cabell, James Branch. The Line of Love. 385 Caffin, Charles H. How to Study Pictures.. 311 * Cambridge Modern History, Vol. III. 165 Carl, Katharine A. With the Empress Dowager. 379 Carlile, William W. Economic Method and Economic Fallacies 110 Carman, Albert R. The Ethics of Imperialism.. 270 Carman, Bliss. The Poetry of Life.. 312 ... 65 INDEX V. . PAGE Cary, Elisabeth Luther. The Novels of Henry James 441 Cary, Elisabeth L. Æsop's Fables, illustrated by J. M. Condé...... 446 Castle, Agnes and Egerton. The Heart of Lady Anne 448 Cavendish, George. Life and Death of Cardinal Wol- sey, Riverside Press edition.. 375 Caxton Series' of thin-paper reprints. 390 Chadwick, John White. Later Poems 66 Chamberlain, Alexander Francis. Poems. 274 Chambers, Robert W. The Reckoning... 309 Champney, Elizabeth W. Romance of the French Abbeys 386 Channing, Edward. History of the United States, Vol. I. 83 Cheney, John Vance. Poems. 274 Chesterton, Gilbert K. Heretics. 204 Childe Harold.' A Child's Book of Abridged Wis- dom 385 Chotzner, J. Hebrew Humor. 246 Clarke, A. L. Manual of Practical Indexing.. 19 Clute, Willard N. Fern Allies of North America... 278 Cody, Sherwin. How to Read and What to Read.... 46 Cole, Samuel Valentine. The Life that counts..... 315 Coman, Katharine. Industrial History of the Uni- ted States.. 390 Cook, E. T. Carnations, Picotees, and Pinks. 390 Cooke, Grace MacGowan, The Grapple.. 307 Cooper, E. H. The Twentieth Century Child.. 46 Corelli, Marie. Free Opinions Freely Expressed 43 Cory, Fanny Y., and Johnson, Burges. Pleasant Tragedies of Childhood ... 384 Coutts, Francis. Musa Verticordia .. 273 Cowan, Henry. John Knox, Hero of the Reformation 206 Cowan, Minnie R. The Spalding Year Book.. 448 Cox, Ethel Louise. Poems, Lyric and Dramatic. 64 Cox, Kenyon. Old Masters and New, illustrated edi- tion 447 Craddock, Charles Egbert.' The Storm Centre. 116 Craig, W. J. Shakespeare's Works, 'Oxford' edition 391 Crosland, T. W. H. The Wild Irishman.. 210 Culbertson, Anne Virginia. Banjo Talks.. 386 Curtis, William Eleroy. Egypt, Burma, and Malaysia 377 Curtis, William Eleroy. Modern India .... 377 Cutler, James Elbert. Lynch-law.. 34 Day, Emily Foster. The Menehunes .. 385 Detoe's Robinson Crusoe, illustrated by J. Ayton Sym- ington 450 Denby, Charles. China and her People. 445 Devins, John Bancroft. An Observer in the Phil- ippines 37 Dexter, Henry Martyn, and Dexter, Morton. The England and Holland of the Pilgrims.. 306 Dick, Stewart. Arts and Crafts of old Japan ...... 278 Dickens's Christmas Books, illustrated by C. E. Brock 449 Dicken's Christmas Carol and Cricket on the Hearth, illustrated by George Alfred Williams... 388 Dickinson, G. Lowes. A Modern Symposium 314 Dickson, Harris. The Ravanels........... 208 Disraeli's Novels, Cabinet' edition. 71 Dods, Marcus. The Bible: Its Origin and Nature, 244 Dole, Nathan Haskell. The Latin Poets.. 390 Dopp, Katherine E. Place of Industries in Elemen- tary Education, third edition.. 170 Dorsey, George A. Traditions of the Skidi Pawnee.. 166 Dowden, Edward. Michel de Montaigne.. 168 Dowson, Ernest. Poems... 272 Doyle, Edward. The Haunted Temple.. 68 Dunbar, Charles Franklin. Economic Essays. 112 Dunbar, Paul Laurence. Howdy, Honey, Howdy.... 386 Duniway, Abigail Scott. From the West to the West 45 Dunmore's War, Documentary History of.. 278 Dunn, Martha Baker. Cicero in Maine.. 242 Eggleston, George Cary. A Daughter of the South.. 208 Eggleston, George Cary. Our First Century .. Eliot, Charles W. The Happy Life, holiday edition. 386 Ellis, William A. Richard Wagner to Mathilde Wesendonck 118 Emerson, Oliver Farrar, A Middle English Reader.. 20 * English Readings' 449 'Fairless, Michael.' The Gray Brethren.. 71 Fairlie, John A. National Administration of the United States 12 'Field Columbian Museum Anthropological Series 212 Fischer, George A. Beethoven, a Character Study.. 70 Fisguill, Richard. The Venus of Cadiz... 116 Fish, Carl R. The Civil Service and the Patronage.. 169 PAGB Fitzgerald, Sybil and Augustine. In the Track of the Moors 382 Flower, Frank A. Edwin McMasters Stanton.. 18 Ford, Paul Leicester. His Version of It... 387 Forman, Justus Mlles. The Island of Enchantment.. 385 Fowler, H. W. and F. G. Works of Lucian....120, 233 Fraser, W. A. The Sa' Zada Tales.. 374 Frenssen, Gustav. Jörn Uhl.. 40 Fusco, Antonio. Spingarn's La Critica Letteraria nel Rinascimento 20 Garden, My, in the City of Gardens' 243 Gardner, Percy. Grammar of Greek Art. 92 'Garrison, The Words of 391 Gates, Josephine Scribner. Story of the Three Dolls 450 Gautier, Théophile. Russia, in Winston's 'Photogray- ure Series' 447 Gee, Pattie Williams. The Palace of the Heart. 65 Geffroy, Gustave. The National Gallery .. 442 George, A. J. Select Poems of Robert Browning.. 390 Gerard, Dorothea (Madame Longard de Longarde). Sawdust 207 Gibson, Charles. Among French Inns. 444 Gibson, Charles Dana. Our Neighbors. 382 Gibson, William H., and Jelliffe, Helena L. Our Na- tive Orchids ...46, 109 Glasfurd, A. I. R. Rifle and Romance in the Indian Jungle 377 Glover, Thomas. An Account of Virginia, Blackwell's reprint 46 Gomperz, Theodor. Greek Thinkers, Vols. II. and III. 31 Goodhue, Isabel. Good Things and Graces.. 385 Goodnow, Frank J. Principles of the Administrative Law of the United States.. 304 Gould, George M. Biographic Clinics, Vol. III 391 Gower, Frederick Leveson. Bygone Years.. 211 Graham, Harry. More Misrepresentative Men 446 Greene, Evarts B. Provincial America .... 236 Gwynn, Stephen. Thomas Moore. 70 Gwynne, Paul. The Bandolero.. 208 Haines, Jennie Day. Sovereign Woman versus Mere man 384 Haines, Jennie Day. The Blue Monday Book .. 384 Hardy, E. J. John Chinaman at Home... 379 Harris, Joel Chandler. Told by Uncle Remus.. 444 Hart, Albert Bushnell. Essentials in American His- tory 391 Hart, Albert Bushnell. The American Nation, Vols. VI. and VII... 236 Harte, Bret. Her Letter, illustrated by Arthur I. Keller 385 Hartshorne, Albert. Memoirs of a Royal Chaplain.. 118 Harvey, James Clarence. In Bohemia .... 446 Hatch, Ernest F. G. Far Eastern Impressions.. 378 Hayes, Helen. Her Memory Book. 387 Hazlitt, William Carew. Faiths and Folk-lore.. 119 Hearn, Lafcadio. Romance of the Milky Way.. 276 Heath, Dudley. Miniatures.. 202 Heigh, John. The House of Cards.. 209 Henderson, W. J. Pipes and Timbrels. 67 Henry, Arthur. The Unwritten Law.. 116 Herford, Charles H. Browning.. 44 Herford, Oliver. The Fairy Godmother-in-Law.. 445 Herrick, Robert. Memoirs of an American Citizen. 114 Hewlett, Maurice. The Fool Errant..... 113 Heywood, William. Palio and Ponte.. 107 Higginson, Thomas Wentworth. Part of a Man's Life 266 Hill, Frederick Trevor. The Accomplice. 114 Hirst, Francis W. Adam Smith .. 170 Hodgson, J. E., Eaton, F. A., and Leslie, Charles. The Royal Academy and its Members, 1768-1830 68 Holbrook, Richard. The Farce of Master Pierre Patelin 449 Holmes, Edmond. What Is Philosophy?.. 243 Holmes's The One-Hoss Shay, illustrated by Howard Pyle, new edition .. 388 Holyoake, George J. Bygones Worth Remembering. 106 Home, Gordon. Evolution of an English Town. 211 Home, Gordon. Normandy in Colour ..... 445 Hope, Anthony.' A Servant of the Public.. 310 Howe, Maud. Two in Italy. 386 Howells, W. D. London Films. 381 Howells, W. D. Miss Bellard's Inspiration 115 Hubbard, Sara A. Catch Words of Cheer, second series 448 Huckel, Oliver. The Melody of God's Love.. 391 Huckel, Oliver. Wagner's Lohengrin ... 391 91 vi. INDEX . PAGE Huffcot, Ernest W. Elements of Business Law.... 390 Hume, Martin. Spanish Influence on English Litera- ture 93 Hunt, Gaillard. Disunion Sentiment in Congress in 1794 91 Hurli, Estelle M. The Bible Beautiful 387 Hutchinson, Thomas. Shelley's Poems, in the Oxford Poets' 213 Hyslop, James H. Science and a Future Life. 242 Iota.' Patricia : A Mother.. 312 Ireland, Alleyne. The Far Eastern Tropics .... 36 Irving's Selected Works, Miniature' edition .. 389 Jackson, Edward 0. Love Sonnets to Ermingarde.. 67 Jackson, Helen Hunt. Ramona, 'Pasadena' edition. 387 James, George Wharton. In and Out of the old Missions 444 James, Henry. English Hours... 381 James, Henry. The Question of Our Speech.. 311 Jenks, Tudor. In the Days of Milton.. 313 Jessel, Frederic. Bibliography of Works in English on Playing Cards and Gaming. 212 “John Van Buren, Politician' 114 Johnson, Burges. Rhymes of Little Boys.. 389 Johnson, Catharine B. William Bodham Donne and his Friends 10 Jones, Amanda T. Rubaiyat of Solomon.. 275 Jordan, David Starr. Guide to the Study of Fishes.. 84 Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia, 1773- 1776 44 Kellogg, Vernon L. American Insects. 164 Kent, Armine Thomas. Otia .. 45 Kerst, Friedrich. Beethoven and Mozart.. 449 Kester Vaughan. The Fortunes of the Landrays. 309 Kimbali, Sophie B. Truths Leaf by Leat .... 31+ Kipling, Rudyard. The Seven Seas, holiday edition .. 448 Kitton, Frederick G. The Dickens Country .. 169 Klein, Félix. In the Land of the strenuous Life.. 162 Kobbé, Gustav. Famous Actors and Actresses and their Homes, 'Holiday Art' edition ........... 445 Kobbé, Gustav. The Loves of Great Composers. 445 Koenig, Xavier. Bible History.. 390 Kramer, 0. Wagner's Rhinegold.. 46 Kropotkin, Prince, Russian Literature.. 19 La Fontaine, Rachel A. Days and Hours of Raphael 389 Laird and Lee's Dictionaries... 171 Lamb's Tales from Shakespeare, illustrated by Nor- man M. Price 448 Lang, Andrew. John Knox and the Reformation ... 206 Latham, Charles, and March-Phillipps, E. The Gar- dens of Italy.. 381 Lathbury, Clarence. The Balanced Life. 171 Laurvik, John Nilsen, and Morison, Mary. Letters of Ibsen 429 Learned, A. G., and 'A Mere Man.' Eve's Daughters 448 Ledoux, Louis Vernon. Songs from the Silent Land.. 66 ‘Lee, Vernon.' The Enchanted Woods.. 120 Le Gallienne, Richard. Romances of Old France... 446 Legg, L. G. Wickham. Select Documents Illustrative of the History of the French Revolution ...... 117 • Letters from an Oregon Ranch'.. 45 Long, John Luther. Miss Cherry Blossom of Tokio, holiday edition 449 Long, John Luther. Seffy. 447 Long, William J. Northern Trails.. 373 Lowell, Carrie Thompson. The Art Lovers' Treasury 446 Loyson, Hyacinthe. To Jerusalem through the Lands of Islam 379 Lucas, Edward V. Book of Verses for Children, cheaper edition 121 Lyall, Sir Alfred. Life of the Marquis of Dufferin and Ava 58 Mabie, Hamilton Wright. Fairy Tales Every Child Should Know 20 McCarthy, Justin. History of Our Own Times, Vols. IV. and V..... 435 McCracken, Laura. Gubbio, Past and Present. 117 McCutcheon, John T. The Mysterious Stranger, and Other Cartoons 382 MacGrath, Harold. Hearts and Masks.. 445 McMahan, Anna Benneson. With Shelley in Italy .. 443 MacPhail, Andrew. Essays in Puritanism.... Macquoid, Katharine S. Pictures in Umbria. 118 Maeterlinck, Maurice. oid Fashioned Flowers 448 Mahler, Arthur. Paintings of the Louvre...... 391 Maitland, J. A. Fuller. Joseph Joachim.. 92 Mallock, W. H. The Reconstruction of Religious Be- liet 440 PAGE Margoliouth, D. S. Mohammed 312 Maskell, Alfred. Ivories.. 239 Masson, Tom. A Corner in Women.. 389 Maunder, Irene. The Plain Princess. 450 Levasseur, E. Elements of Political Economy. 212 Libbey, William, and Hoskins, Franklin E. The Jor- dan Valley and Petra .... 380 * Libraries of the City of Chicago 390 · Library of Standard Biography' 279 Litsey, Edwin Carlile. The Race of the Swift 373 Little, Archibald. The Far East. 276 Lloyd, Arthur. Admiral Togo.. 314 Mifflin, Lloyd. The Fleeing Nymph.. 67 Mighels, Philip Verrill. The Ultimate Passion. 115 Mills, Weymer Jay. Caroline of Courtlandt Street.. 388 Miltoun, Francis. Rambles in Brittany.. 444 Milyoukov, Paul. Russia and its Crisis.. 268 Mitchell, S. Weir. Constance Trescot. 42 Montague, Margaret P. The Poet, Miss Kate, and I.. 389 Moody, W. V., and Lovett, R. M. A First View of English Literature 71 Moore, Isabel.' Talks in a Library with Laurence Hutton 17 More, Paul Elmer. Shelburne Essays, second series 17 More, Paul Elmer. Shelburne Essays, third series .. 277 More, Paul E. Byron's Poetical Works, 'Cambridge' edition 391 Morris's The Earthly Paradise, new edition.. 390 Mumford, Ethel Watts. Joke Book Note Book.. 384 Mumford, Ethel Watts, and others. Cynic's Calendar for 1906 384 Muse's Library 121 Musician's Library' 213, 391 Naylor, E. W. An Elizabethan Virginal Book. 245 Neidig, William J. The First Wardens. 65 Nesbit, E.' The Rainbow and the Rose. 273 Nesbit, W. D. An Alphabet of History. 384 Nevinson, Henry W. Books and Personalities.. 91 New York, State of, Debates and Proceedings of the Convention of the, June 17, 1778.. 71 Newell, William Wells. Words for Music.. 66 Nitobe, Inazo. Bushido, the Soul of Japan, revised edition 71 Norton, Charles Eliot. Love Poems of Donne.. 299 Norton, Grace. Studies in Montaigne, and Early Writings of Montaigne.... 169 Ober, Frederick A. Hernando Cortés 313 Older, Mrs. Fremont. The Giants... 308 Oman, C. W. C. A History of England, Vol. I... 38 Paine, Albert B. A Little Garden Calendar 46 Paramahamsa, Mahatma Sri Agamya Guru. Sri Brahma Dhara 279 Parker, Sir Gilbert. Seats of the Mighty, holiday edition 448 Patten, Helen Philbrook. The Music Lovers' Treasury 446 Paul, Herbert. History of Modern England, Vol. III. 90 Peel, George. The Friends of England.. 88 Pemberton, Max. The Hundred Days... 208 Perrin, Raymond St. James. The Evolution of Knowl- edge 243 Pier, Arthur Stanwood. The Ancient Grudge.. 309 Platt, Hugh E. P. Byways in the Classics .. 71 Pocket R. L. S., The'.. 121 Pollard, A. F. Cranmer and the English Reforma- tion 46 Poole's Index to Periodical Literature, first supple- ment to abridged edition..... 246 Pryor, Mrs. Roger A. Reminiscences of Peace and War, new edition ........ 245 Puffer, Ethel D. The Psychology of Beauty 93 Quiller-Couch, A. T. Shining Ferry.. 41 Quiller-Couch, A. T. The Mayor of Troy 309 Racster, Olga. Chats on Violins.... 245 Reed, Myrtle. At the Sign of the Jack o' Lantern.. 308 Richardson, Charles F. The Choice of Books, revised edition 449 Riley, Franklin L. Mississippi Historical Society Publications, Vol. VIII... 46 Riley, James Whitcomb. Songs о' Cheer 389 Rives, Hallie Erminie. Tales from Dickens.. 450 Roberts, Charles G. D. Red Fox... 373 Robertson. John M. Philosophical Works of Bacon .. 120 Robertson, Louis Alexander. From Crypt and Choir. 68 Robins, Elizabeth. A Dark Lantern... 116 Robinson, Charles M. Modern Civic Art, second edi- tion 15 43 INDEX vii. PAGE Robinson, Edward A. The Children of the Night, new edition 314 Robinson, E. Kay. The Country Day by Day..... 374 Rockhill, William Woodville. China's Intercourse with Korea 390 • Roses, and How to Grow Them 110 Routledge's Miniature Reference Library 94 Royde-Smith, N. G. Una and the Red Cross Knight 450 *Rutherford, Mark.' John Bunyan.. 119 Sabin, Edwin L. When You Were a Boy 375 • Saddle and Song' 388 Salter, William. Iowa.. 19 Sanborn, Alvan F. Paris and the Social Revolution .. 94 Schafer, Joseph. History of the Pacific Northwest .. 209 Scherer, James B. Young Japan.. 62 Scollard, Clinton. Odes and Elegies. 65 Scott, Leroy. The Walking Delegate.. 42 Scott, Robert F. The Voyage of the ' Discovery 432 Scudder, Vida D. Saint Catherine of Siena .. 278 Selincourt, Beryl D, de. Homes of the First Francis- cans 120 Seton, Ernest Thompson. Animal Heroes. 373 Shakespeare's Works, ‘New Century Library' edition 246 Sheehan, P. A. Glenanaar.. 113 Sheldon, Walter L. Divine Comedy of Dante.. 314 Sherman, Frederick Fairchild. Day Dream and Even Song 274 Sherman, Waldo H. Civics.. 279 Shirazi, J. K. M. Life of Omar al-Khayyami.. 383 Singleton, Esther. Great Portraits.. 447 Smith, E. Boyd. Story of Noah's Ark. 383 Smith, F. Hopkinson. The Wood Fire in No. 3.. 388 Smith, Goldwin. My Memory of Gladstone.. 212 Smith, Huntington. Emerson Calendar.. 387 Snell, F. C. The Camera in the Fields. 313 Spalding, John L. Religion and Art.. 93 Spalding, Phebe Estelle. Womanhood in Art. 389 Spielmann, M. H., and Layard, G. S. Kate Green- away 437 Standard English Classics 314 Stearns, Frank Preston. Cambridge Sketches.. 69 Sterling, Sara Hawks. Shakespeare's Sweetheart.. 447 Sterne's Sentimental Journey, Riverside Press edition 384 Stevenson's Child's Garden of Verse, illustrated by Jessie Willcox Smith.... 448 Stevenson's Child's Garden of Verse, Turner's edition 390 Stevenson's Works, 'Biographical' edition... 391 Sturgis, Howard Overing. Belchamber. 41 Sturmsee: Man and Man' 41 Sutro, Theodore, and Moran, Edward. Thirteen Chap- ters of American History. 94 Swinburne, Algernon C. Love's Cross Currents. 112 Taylor, Bert Leston, and Gibson, W. C. The Log of the Water Wagon.. 446 Taylor. Marie Hansen. On Two Continents.. 200 Tennyson, Hallam. Memoir of Lord Tennyson, new edition 246 Tennyson's Maud, illustrated by Helen Maitland Arm- strong 449 • Thanet, Octave. The Man and the Hour 307 Thonger, Charles. The Book of Garden Design. 110 PAGE Thorndike, Edward L. Elements of Psychology ... 19 Thurston, E. Temple. The Apple of Eden .. 114 Thurston, Katherine Cecil. The Gambler. 310 * ThumbNail Series' 387 Thwaites, Reuben Gold. France in America .. 238 Thwaites, Reuben Gold. Lahontan's Voyages. 14 Tobin, Agnes. The Flying Lesson 120 Townsend, Malcolm. Handbook of United States Po- litical History 314 • Trail Makers Series' 72 Trent, W. P. Southern Writers. 121 revelyan, G. M. England under the Stuarts. 38 Trident and the Net, The' 207 Tuckwell, W. Reminiscences of a Radical Parson .. 80 'Twain, Mark.' Editorial Wild Oats.. 390 'Twigg, Lizzie. Songs and Poems .. 273 Ular, Alexander. Russia from Within. 269 Unwin, A. Harold. Future Forest Trees 390 ' upton Letters, The' 212 Vacaresco, Hélène. Songs of the Valiant Voivode.. 61 Van Dyke, Henry. Fisherman's Luck, holiday edition 449 Van Dyke, Henry. The Spirit of Christmas. 449 Wade, Blanche Elizabeth. A Garden in Pink...... 385 Wadia, P. A. The Philosophers and the French Revolution 120 Wagner, Charles. Justice. 244 Walker, Albert Perry. Essentials in English History 391 Wallace, Sir Donald Mackenzie. Russia, revised edi- tion 121 Walters, H. B. History of Ancient Pottery. 301 Warner, George H. The Jewish Spectre.. 302 • Wars of Religion, The,' in the Cambridge Modern History' 165 Warwick, C. F. Mirabeau and the French Revolu- tion .... 119 Watson, Jeannette Grace. A Chronicle of Christmas 449 Weir, Irene. The Greek Painters' Art.... 20 Weils, Carolyn. A Satire Anthology 450 West, James H. The Ninth Paradise 67 Wheeler, Martha T. Indexing.. 92 Whiting, Lilian. The Florence of Landor.. 443 Whitney, Caspar. Jungle Trails and Jungle People. 378 Whitney, Helen Hay. Sonnets and Songs.. 275 Wilbrandt, Adolf. A New Humanity. 41 Wilde, Oscar. Intentions.. 213 Williams, H. Noel. Queens of the French Stage.. 443 Williams, John Rogers. Handbook of Princeton Williams, Theodore C. The Elegies of Tibullus... 94 Williams, W. H. Specimens of the Elizabethan Drama 20 Willis, Henry Parker. Our Philippine Problem.... 271 Wilson, Harry Leon. The Boss of Little Arcady.. 209 Wise, John S. The Lion's Skin.. 42 Wood, Eugene. Back Home.. 375 Wood, T. Martin. Drawings of Rossetti.. 383 Wright, Mrs. D. Giraud. A Southern Girl in '61.. 269 • Yale Studies in English 71, 315 Yoshisaburo, Okakura. The Japanese Spirit.. 63 Zilliacus, Konni. The Russian Revolutionary Move- ment 313 .. 121 . MISCELLANEOUS * Atlantic Monthly, The 450 Jones, Paul, as a Hero in Fiction. Annie Russell Balkans, The Shade of the.' Henry Bernard. 160 Marble 79 * Burlington Magazine, The' 161 Jones, Paul, as a Hero in Fiction.' Charles E. Charities' and 'The Commons, Merging of.... 315 Eames 161 College Training, American and English. F. H. Cos- Knowles, Frederic Lawrence, Death of. 213 tello 79 Oxford, Americans at. Thomas Wentworth Higgin- Country Life in America' and The Country Cal- son 56 endar,' Consolidation of .. 390 * Printing Art, The 171 * Exemplary Morality,' A Question of. Thomas Vin- Reading for the Young, Unworthy. E. T. Nelson. 232 cent Shannon .. 231 • Scribner's Magazine' 280 Japanese Imperial Poetry. Ernest W. Clement.... 57 Scrip, The'.. 171 THE DIAL A SEMI- MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. EDITED BY FRANCIS F. BROWNE. Volume XXXIX. No. 457. CHICAGO, JULY 1, 1905. 10 cts. a copy. | FINE ARTS BUILDING, 203 Michigan Blvd. 82. a year. MESSRS. L. C. PAGE O COMPANY TAKE PLEASURE IN ANNOUNCING THE FOLLOWING Ffrom Page's List NEW NOVELS OF DISTINCTION (Ready in July) Mrs. Jim and Mrs. Jimmie STEPHEN CONRAD With frontispiece in color by Arthur William Brown. Another volume of the sayings and doings of the inimitable “ Mrs. Jim,” whose humor is as irresistible as her sentiment is real and unaffected. (Ready in July) Cameron of Lochiel Translated from the French of Philippe Aubert de Gaspé. By Prof. CHARLES G. D. ROBERTS With cover design and frontispiece in color by H. C. Edwards. An interesting and valuable romance dealing with the struggle for the possession of Canada. (Just Issued) Brothers of Peril THEODORE ROBERTS With four pictures in color by H. C. Edwards. A most delightful love theme, charming bits of Nature description, exciting adventure and originality, are the features of Mr. Roberts's new volume which deals with Colonial days in old Newfoundland. (Just Issued) (Third Edition) In the Brooding Wild The Black Barque RIDGWELL CULLUM With frontispiece by Charles Livingston Bull. An absorbing drama of the frozen North, notable for its broad conception of elemental character and its real- istic descriptions of Nature in her fiercest moods. T. JENKINS HAINS With five pictures by W. Herbert Dunton. Adopted by the Navy Department for ships' libraries. “Shows the author's mastery of a craft that allows none to sail to windward."-Chicago News. (Fifth Edition) (Fourth Edition) Lady Penelope Return MORLEY ROBERTS With nine character portraits by Arthur William Brown. “ An amazingly clever satire touching upon an as- tonishing number of solemn, respectable matters with cheerful andacity.”—New York Times. ALICE MacGOWAN and GRACE MacGOWAN COOKE With six pictures by C. D. Williams. “A story with original strength and novel situations. The characters are admirably individualized, and the whole picture excellently drawn."- The Outlook. 2 [July 1, THE DIAL The July Atlantic “ Complete and compact - a true pocket variorum." contains several literary papers of unusual interest and distinction. HAMLET The Mob Spirit in Literature By Henry Dwight Sedgwick A humorous analysis of the popular craze for the " best selling books of the month.” The “First Folio Edition,” reproducing the original text of 1623, with full notes, comments, variorum readings, etc. The Outlook in History by William Roscoe Thayer A discriminating study of the writing of history based on the more important historical books of Edited by CHARLOTTE PORTER and HELEN A. CLARKE “Critics may do their worst for two centuries and not harm Shakespeare - furnished with these notes on · Hamlet' which has just come along." - Boston Transcript. Seventh play to be issued. Size of volume 4%*6%. Prices: Cloth, 75 cents; Limp Leather, $1.00. the last year. Book-Dusting Time By Martha Baker Dunn A humorous bit of school-girl reminiscences. THOMAS Y. CROWELL & CO. 426-8 West Broadway, New York Wordsworthshire by Thomas Wentworth Higginson One of Colonel Higginson's most charming literary essays. Early Western Travels Criticism and Mr. Saintsbury by Ferris Greenslet A study of Mr. Saintsbury and his method of criticism. Nineteen other contributions, including stories, poems, political and historical discussions, and reminiscences. 1748-1846 A SERIES OF ANNOTATED REPRINTS of some of the best and rarest contemporary volumes of travel, descriptive of the Aborigines and Social and Economic Con- ditions in the Middle and Far West, during the Period of Early American Settlement. Edited, with Historical, Geographical, Ethnological, and Bibliographical Notes, and Introductions and Index, by REUBEN GOLD THWAITES, LL.D. With facsimiles of the original title-pages, maps, portraits, views, etc. Each volume, large 8vo, cloth, uncut, gilt top. Price $4.00 net per volume (except the Atlas, which is $15.00 net). The edition is limited to 750 complete sets, each numbered and signed; but in addition thereto, a limited number of the volumes will be sold separately. With an Elaborate Analytical Index to the Whole. The issues for July, August (the Fiction number), and September will be mailed to the address of any new subscriber, upon receipt of 50 cents. "An undertaking of great interest to overy student of Western history. Exhaustive notes and introductions are by Dr. Thwaites, the foremost authority on Western history, who is also to supply an elab- orate analytical index, under one alphabet, to the complete series. This latter is an especially valuable feature, as almost all the rare originals are without indoxes."--The Dial. “The annotations are abundant and highly valuable."- The Nation. 35 cents a copy $4.00 a year Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Full descriptive circular and contents of the volumes will be mailed on application. THE ARTHUR H. CLARK COMPANY Publishers, Cleveland, Ohio 4 Park Street Boston, Mass. 1905.) 3 THE DIAL “A book as valuable and useful as it is timely.” — Chicago Record-Herald. PRINCE KROPOTKIN'S RUSSIAN LITERATURE IN N this unusual book Prince Kropotkin has given to the world a record of literary events which not only tells of what has been written in Russia, but what has become of the writers. He discloses with forceful fidelity the rank injustices to which Russian men of letters have been subjected for centuries past, and the history of Russian literature is told in terms of exile and imprisonment and persecution and death. Writers of great prominence have been sent to Siberia, exiled to remote regions, burned at the stake, hanged, imprisoned, excommunicated — in fact, Russian writers have other questions than those of attic and poverty, royalties and copyright, to trouble them. “ There are larger and more electric works on Russian literature, but none, perhaps, which so clearly and unmistakably denote the peculiar quality of Russian literary genius and temperament as does this brilliant study." — Philadelphia North American. Cloth, 8vo. Postpaid. $2.18; net, $2.00. McCLURE, PHILLIPS & CO. No. 44 East 23d Street, New York The Haunted Temple Commodore Perry's Landing in Japan and Other Poems By EDWARD DOYLE, Author of “Moody Moments." Bound in cloth, gilt top, $1.00 “The impression left upon my mind by the reading of 'The Haunted Temple' is that of great poetic fervor — something Dantesque in the imagery, striking felicity at times in the coining of metaphors, and a wonderful seriousness and truth." - Prof. Feliz Adler, President of the Society of Elhical Culture, " Read it, oh, ye weak repiners, and read it again and again. It is beautiful in thought, perfect in expression and glorious with truth. As I read his book, with its strong clarion cry of faith and joy and courage, and ponder over the carefully finished thoughts and beauti- fully polished lines, I feel ashamed of my own small achievements, and am inspired to now efforts."— Ella Wheeler Wilcox, in the New York Evening Journal. "I find a warmth of phrase and largeness of utterance in them."- Edwin Narkham. Sont postpaid on receipt of price. EDWARD DOYLE, 247 West 125th Street, NEW YORK It is of especial interest at this time that the opening of Japan to relations with the Western World was effected by the United States. The publication of Commodore Perry's report to Congress on the subject, No. 151 of the Old South Leaflets, is timely. Price, 5 cents a copy. $4 per 100. Send for complete lists. DIRECTORS OF OLD SOUTH WORK Old South Meeting House WASHINGTON STREET, BOSTON THE METAPHYSIC OF EXPERIENCE By SHADWORTH H. HODGSON IN FOUR BOOKS Book 1. General Analysis of Experience Book III. Analysis of Conscious Action Book II. Positive cience Book IV. The Real Universe In 4 vols., 8vo, buckram (the volumes not to be had separately). Price, $12.00 net. LONGMANS, GREEN, & CO., 91 and 93 Fifth Avenue, New York LONDON AND BOMBAY 2 (July 1, THE DIAL The July Atlantic Complete and compact - a true pocket variorum." contains several literary papers of unusual interest and distinction. HAMLET The Mob Spirit in Literature By Henry Dwight Sedgwick A humorous analysis of the popular craze for the “best selling books of the month." The “ First Folio Edition," reproducing the original text of 1623, with full notes, comments, variorum readings, etc. Edited by CHARLOTTE PORTER and HELEN A. CLARKE - The Outlook in History by William Roscoe Thayer A diseriminating study of the writing of history based on the more important historical books of “ Critics may do their worst for two centuries and not harm Shakespeare - furnished with these notes on · Hamlet' which has just come along." - Boston Transcript. Seventh play to be issued. Size of volume 4% x6%. Prices: Cloth, 75 cents; Limp Leather, $1.00. the last year. Book-Dusting Time By Martha Baker Dunn A humorous bit of school-girl reminiscences. THOMAS Y. CROWELL & CO. 426-8 West Broadway, New York Wordsworthshire by Thomas Wentworth Higginson One of Colonel Higginson's most charming literary essays. Early Western Travels Criticism and Mr. Saintsbury by Ferris Greenslet A study of Mr. Saintsbury and his method of criticism. Nineteen other contributions, including stories, poems, political and historical discussions, and reminiscences. 1748-1846 A SERIES OF ANNOTATED REPRINTS of some of the best and rarest contemporary volumes of travel, descriptive of the Aborigines and Social and Economic Con- ditions in the Middle and Far West, during the Period of Early American Settlement. Edited, with Historical, Geographical, Ethnological, and Bibliographical Notes, and Introductions and Index, by REUBEN GOLD THWAITES, LL.D. With facsimiles of the original title-pages, mape, portraits, views, etc. Each volume, large 8vo, cloth, uncut, gilt top. Price $4.00 net per volume (except the Atlas, which is $15.00 net). The edition is limited to 750 complete sets, each pumbered and signed; but in addition thereto, a limited number of the volumes will be sold separately. With an Elaborate Analytical Index to the Whole. The issues for July, August (the Fiction number), and September will be mailed to the address of any new subscriber, upon receipt of 50 cents. "An undertaking of great interest to every student of Western history. Exhaustive notes and introductions are by Dr. Thwaites, the foremost authority on Western history, who is also to supply an elab orate analytical index, under one alphabet, to the complete serice. This latter is an especially valuable feature, as almost all the rare originals are without indoxes.”—The Dial. "The annotations are abundant and highly valuable."-The Nation. 35 cents a copy $4.00 a year Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Full descriptive circular and contents of the volumes will be mailed on application. THE ARTHUR H. CLARK COMPANY Publishers, Cleveland, Ohio 4 Park Street Boston, Mass. 1905.) 3 THE DIAL “A book as valuable and useful as it is timely.” — Chicago Record-Herald. PRINCE KROPOTKIN'S RUSSIAN LITERATURE IN N this unusual book Prince Kropotkin has given to the world a record of literary events which not only tells of what has been written in Russia, but what has become of the writers. He discloses with forceful fidelity the rank injustices to which Russian men of letters have been subjected for centuries past, and the history of Russian literature is told in terms of exile and imprisonment and persecution and death. Writers of great prominence have been sent to Siberia, exiled to remote regions, burned at the stake, hanged, imprisoned, excommunicated — in fact, Russian writers have other questions than those of attic and poverty, royalties and copyright, to trouble them. “There are larger and more electric works on Russian literature, but none, perhaps, which so clearly and unmistakably denote the peculiar quality of Russian literary genius and temperament as does this brilliant study." - Philadelphia North American. Cloth, 8vo. Postpaid. $2.18; net, $2.00. McCLURE, PHILLIPS & CO. No. 44 East 23d Street, New York The Haunted Temple Commodore Perry's Landing in Japan and Other Poems By EDWARD DOYLE, Author of "Moody Moments." Bound in cloth, gilt top, $1.00 “The impression left upon my mind by the reading of 'The Haunted Templo' is that of great poetio fervor — something Dantesque in the imagery, striking folicity at times in the coining of metaphors, and a wonderful seriousness and truth." - Prof. Felix Adler, President of the Society of Ethical Culture. “Read it, oh, ye weak repiners, and read it again and again. It is beautiful in thought, perfect in expression and glorious with truth. . As I read his book, with its strong clarion cry of faith and joy and courago, and ponder over the carefully finished thoughts and beauti. fully polished lines, I feel ashamed of my own small achievemonts, and am inspired to new offorts." - Ella Wheeler Wilcox, in the New York Evening Journal. "I find a warmth of phrase and largeness of utterance in them."- Edwin Warkham. Sent postpaid on receipt of price. EDWARD DOYLE, 247 West 125th Street, NEW YORK It is of especial interest at this time that the opening of Japan to relations with the Western World was effected by the United States. The publication of Commodore Perry's report to Congress on the subject, No. 151 of the old South Leaflets, is timely. Price, 5 cents a copy. $4 per 100. Send for complete lists. DIRECTORS OF OLD SOUTH WORK Old South Meeting House WASHINGTON STREET, BOSTON THE METAPHYSIC OF EXPERIENCE By SHADWORTH H. HODGSON IN FOUR BOOKS Book 1. General Analysis of Experience Book III. Analysis of Conscious Action Book II. Positive Science Book IV. The Real Universe In 4 vols., 8vo, buckram (the volumes not to be had separately). Price, $12.00 net. LONGMANS, GREEN, & CO., 91 and 93 Fifth Avenue, New York LONDON AND BOMBAY 4 [July 1, 1905. THE DIAL THE NEW MACMILLAN MACMILLAN PUBLICATIONS A STUDY OF INFLUENTIAL AGENCIES IN CHINA T. R. Jernigan's China in Law and Commerce In China law is founded on custom ; of customs there are as many as provinces in the Empire ; therefore a work which indi- cates with substantial accuracy the influential agencies governing legal and commercial relations is of great value. Cloth, 12mo. $2.00 nel (postage 13c.) A VERY IMPORTANT, TIMELY LAW-BOOK Mr. Arthur K. Kuhn's translation of Professor Meili's International Civil and Commercial Law By F. MEILI, Professor of International Private Law in the University of Zurich, Delegate of Switzerland to the Hague International Conferences. Translated, and Supplemented with additions of American and English Law, by ARTHUR K KUHN, Member of the New York Bar. Cloth, 8vo. $3.00 net (postage 180..) AN AUTHORIZED TRANSLATION OF E. Levasseur's Elements of Political Economy By THEODORB MARBURG, M. A. Portions of the treatise were rewritten by the author for this translation; other additions and changes made by the translator himself were approved by the author. Cloth, crown 8vo. 81.75 (postage 13c.) AN AUTHORIZED TRANSLATION FROM THE SECOND GERMAN EDITION OF Dr. Hermann Schultz's Outlines of Christian Apologetics Translated from the revised and enlarged edition, 1902, by ALFRED BULL NICHOLS, Professor of German in Simmons College. Cloth, 328 pp., 8vo, gilt top. 81.75 nel (postage 12c.) A NEW VOLUME IN THE ENGLISH MEN OF LETTERS SERIES Edward Fitzgerald By Mr. Arthur Christopher Benson Mr. Benson's "Rossetti," in the same series, issued last year, won especial favor, for its sympathy and clearheaded view, Cloth, 12mo, gili top. 75 cents net (postage 8c.) PROFESSOR L. H. BAILEY'S NEW BOOK The Outlook to Nature discusses pleasantly the general subject of naturalness in the outlook on life, under the chapter titles: "The Realm of the Commonplace," " Country and City," "The School of the Future," "Evolution : The Quest of Truth." Cloth, 12mo. $1.25 net (postage 11c.) INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Outlines of Inorganic Chemistry (Including Parts I. and II.) 1. By FRANK AUSTIN GOOCH, Professor of Chemistry in Yale University, and CLAUDE FREDERICK WALKER, Teacher of Chemistry in the High School of Commerce, New York City. Cloth, 233+513 pp. $1.75 net (postage 18c.) FOR USE IN LECTURES. - NEW NOVELS JUST READY A RESTFUL NOVEL OF THE “OLDFIELD" TYPE Mrs. Nancy Huston Banks's The Little Hills A book whose pervading charm, suggestive of shady fragrant Kentucky roads, in no way weakens the forcefulness beneath it. Cloth. $1.50. BY THE AUTHOR OF "THE PROPHET OF THE GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS” Charles Egbert Craddock's The Storm Centre A sweet natural love story of the times when the strain of civil war was tightening around the Tennessee hills. Cloth. $1.50. BY THE AUTHOR OF "THE CALL OF THE WILD," ETC. Jack London's The Game This is a crisp, direct story, full of that characteristio appeal to the primitive passions which marks "The Call of the Wild," "The Sea-Wolf," "The Children of the Frost," etc. Cloth. $1.50. A NOVEL OF WASHINGTON SOCIAL LIFE Foxcroft Davis's Mrs. Darrell SECOND EDITION. Cloth. $1.50. "It seems to me to be a man's knowledge and experience and a man's method of narration, but it is a woman's love story," writes one reader of the book to its publishers. A NOVEL OF SOCIAL LIFE IN LONDON Miss Robins's A Dark Lantern By the author of “The Open Question," "The Magnetic North," etc. Cloth. $1.50. "One of those rare stories every page of which makes a strong appeal to the reader's interest. ... It is one of the most living stories of the new century. Courier-Journal. A SIGNIFICANT NOVEL OF AMERICAN LIFE John Heigh's The House of Cards Cloth. $1.50. “An intensely interesting story.” – The Daily Evening Transcript, Boston. "Altogether a readable, amusing, and charming book, the book of a philosopher and witty scholar. - The New York Sun. THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, 64-66 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POSTOFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER BY THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. PAGE 5 . . THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of truth the type of all death, physical, intellect- each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries ual, and moral. But the exact nature of the comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must connection between life and literature has be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by express or always set the pundits at odds, from Aristotle postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and to Arnold. The katharsis doctrine of the for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application; Greek sage seems widely at variance with the and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All communications should be addressed to criticism-of-life theory expounded by the Eng- THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. lish apostle of sweetness and light, although the philosophical mind may, perhaps, discern in some such common term as interpretation or No. 457. JULY 1, 1905. Vol. XXXIX. reproduction' a possible synthesis of the opinions which, respectively, hold literature to CONTENTS. be an influence acting upon life through the sympathetic emotions and a collection of embod- LIFE IN EPITOME ied judgments upon human conduct. With THE PROBLEM OF CRITICISM. Charles Leonard these weighty and fundamental matters, how- Moore . . 7 ever, it is not our present purpose to deal, but A SCHOOL-MATE OF EDWARD FITZGERALD. merely to speak of the single aspect of the sub- Percy F. Bicknell 10 ject which may be called the epitomizing PROBLEMS OF OUR NATIONAL ADMINIS- quality of literature — its power to present, with TRATION David Y. Thomas 12 pith and penetration, some human situation, or A SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY LUCIAN. John J. attitude, or problem, and to present it so typi- Halsey 14 cally that it may serve as a finger-post for the THE CITY MADE BEAUTIFUL. Ralph Clarkson 15 future no less than as a commentary upon the BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS Color-prints by masters of Japanese art. — Second Our meaning may be illustrated by a refer- volume of 'Shelburne Essays.'- A pleasant book ence to one of the critical periods of American of literary chit-chat. A partisan biography of a great partisan. -A timely and forceful plea for history. When, at the close of 1860, just after peace. — Main currents in 19th century literature. the election of Abraham Lincoln, President - Manual of practical indexing.–First Free State Buchanan sent his last message to Congress, of Louisiana Purchase. - Elements of psychology. -The mine of Russian literature. — The art of the he had to confront the great question of the Greek painters. impending secession. The substance of the NOTES 20 message was to the effect that the Southern TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS 20 States ought not to withdraw from the Union, but if they should be so ill-advised, there was. LIST OF NEW BOOKS 21 nothing for it but to let them go, and wash our hands of the whole proceeding. We do not know that anyone at the time pointed out the LIFE IN EPITOME. Shakespearean parallel to the case, but we have The relation of literature to life has been only to open our 'Much Ado About Nothing' a subject of curious and inconclusive discus to discover how perfect it was. sion in many times and lands. The Latin Dogberry. This is your charge; you shall appre-- proverb said that vita sine literis mors est, hend all vagrom men; you are to bid any man stand. thus emphasizing the grace bestowed by letters in the prince's name. Watchman. How, if he will not stand? upon the bareness of normal existence. Turn Dogberry. Why then, take no note of him, but the saving about and it has a more literal let him go; and presently call the rest of the wateb. cogency; for literature without life is in very together, and thank God you are rid of a knave. 16 past. 6 [July 1, THE DIAL you know." men. Verges. If he will not stand when he is bidden, common the epitomizing quality to which we he is none of the prince's subjects, are now calling attention. Dogberry. True, and they are to meddle with none but the prince's subjects. There are many people, young people in par- ticular, who with the best will in the world When was ever a historical situation more cannot understand why it is that men make typically prefigured by a poet ? such a fuss about literature, and who are hon- Recent French history, as illustrated by the estly puzzled by the praises bestowed upon the affaire Dreyfus, may afford us another striking great literary artists. They would like to join example. We all remember about the famous in sympathetic appreciation of the masters, and bordereau, and about the kind of evidence by they have an abundant store of gratitude and which its authorship was sought to be proved. Now this situation was anticipated in truly themselves as worthy; but just what there is in reverence to lavish upon objects that approve marvellous fashion when “Lewis Carroll' Shakespeare and Wordsworth and Tennyson to described the trial of the Knave of Hearts. call for such seeming extravagance of eulogy “There's more evidence to come yet, please your remains a dark mystery. Such people are apt, Majesty," said the White Rabbit, jumping up in in their moments of revolt, to set it all down to a great hurry: “this paper has just been picked up.” a sort of critical conspiracy, and to consider “What's in it?'' said the Queen. those who voice the conventional literary esti- “I haven't opened it yet,” said the White Rab mates as chargeable with an irritating kind of bit, “but it seems to be a letter, written by the hypocrisy. They cannot see for the life of prisoner to - to somebody." them why the books of the hour, with their “It must have been that,” said the King, “un- timeliness, their cleverness, their sentimental less it was written to nobody, which isn't usual or sensational interest, should be held of no "Who is it directed to?" said one of the jury. serious account by the real lovers of literature, while the dull babblers of a bygone age are “It isn't directed at all,” said the White Rab exalted to the skies by these same devotees of bit, “in fact, there's nothing written on the out the art of letters. side." He unfolded the paper as he spoke, and Time alone can work the cure of this dis- added: “It isn't a letter, after all: it's a set of verses. order, for time brings experience, and the more “Are they in the prisoner's handwriting?" asked experience men get, the nearer they approach another of the jurymen. in their sympathies to the great writers, whose .“No, they're not,” said the White Rabbit, “and greatness is based in large measure upon the that's the queerest thing about it." (The jury, all richness of the experience that has come to them looked puzzled.) with their ripened years. Some young people “He must have imitated somebody else's hand,” said the King. (The jury all brightened up again.) never recover from the condition of open revolt “Please, your Majesty,” said the Knave, “I into which they are thrown by the injudicious didn't write it, and they can't prove that I did: methods of our education. Literature is forced there's no name signed at the end." upon them before they are susceptible to its “If you didn't sign it," said the King, “that appeal, and remains ever afterward associated only makes the matter worse. You must have meant in their minds with the disagreeable tasks of some mischief, or else you'd have signed your name like an honest man." the school room. Others gradually work them- There was a general clapping of hands at this; selves into a sort of pretended acceptance of the it was the first really clever thing the King had orthodox view, and do lip-service to the ideals said that day. of literary art which are stamped as worthy by That proves his guilt, of course," said the the voice of authority. Still others assume an Queen. attitude of proper humility in the presence of Reading the account of this episode, again the great writers, admit that there must be more we ask: When was an actual human problem in them than is presently apparent, and honestly ever more exactly foreseen, and when was ever endeavor to grow into sympathy with them. the bias with which men approach a matter These, and these alone of the three classes, which engages their passions rather than have their reward in an ever-broadening under- their reasoning powers more delightfully satir-standing and appreciation of the meaning of ized ? Far apart as 'Much Ado About Noth the masterpiece, of the significance of its essen- ing' and ' Alice in Wonderland' stand in the tial message to the soul of man. scale of literary values, they at least have in Yet even these, unless they are exceptionally 1905.] 7 THE 'DIAL be dead.' endowed with sensitiveness to the artistic Dead the great chryselephantine God, as dew last evening shed: impression, may never penetrate into the arena Dust of earth or foam of ocean is the symbol of his head : of the æsthetic mystery. They may never Earth and ocean shall be shadows when Prometheus shall come to know, as an intimate ecstasy rather than as a lesson learned by rote, why it is, for example, that 'Kubla Khan' is a shade more wonderful than anything else in Coleridge, why THE PROBLEM OF CRITICISM. it is that Hamlet's · Absent thee from felicity. There is a story of a carpenter's apprentice awhile,' has a beauty so supreme that it is the who ran through the streets with his arms crowning verse of the entire tragedy. But they extended, crying out, 'Don't get in my way! may come to know, very sympathetically and Don't get in my way! I am carrying the meas- completely, the significance of those phrases in ure of a door.' The critic who is honest in his . Hamlet' or elsewhere, which contain the ulti trade will hardly claim that his methods are mate distillation of a rich experience, and to much more exact than this. There is no metric enter into this kind of communion with a system that can take the precise height and great poet is no mean privilege. It is, we are breadth and depth of works of genius. And inclined to think, the largest reward that liter- literature and music, at least, dwell in regions ature offers to the faithful many, although a of the fourth dimension and are floated stil! farther out of reach of measurement and com- further and finer reward awaits the few whose parison. senses are rightly attuned for its reception. What is literature? Why do we read books? This power of exhibiting life in epitome, of The answers to the first question are as various providing the typical form of expression for as the minds that have essayed the riddle. To its every relation, of recasting common experi- Aristotle, literature was an imitation of life. ence to heightened and purified effect — this is To Plato, it was an imitation of an imitation, the power which makes literature mean so much a copy of that which itself is only a blurred to mankind, and gives it for each individual a reflection of the Divine Ideas. To Schiller, meaning in proportion to the variety and depth literature was the play impulse of mankind, of the experiences that have made up his own man's spirit freeing itself in the ideal. To Rus- life. Frederic Myers speaks, in a beautiful kin, literature was man's hymn of praise to God. To Matthew Arnold, it was a criticism of life. passage, of the mass of emotion which has slowly gathered round certain lines of Virgil's they do not explain. They are partial and The trouble with all such explanations is that as it has round certain texts of the Bible, till inadequate. They do not cover the whole they come to us charged with more than an indi- ground. We have to frame a definition of litera- vidual passion and with a meaning wider than ture which will bridge the gulf between the Iliad their own — with the cry of the despair of all and The Banquet of Trimalchio,' between generations, with the yearning of all loves 'King Lear' and 'Willie brew'd a peck o' mauť; unappeased, with the anguish of all partings, between the philosophy of Kant and the latest “ beneath the pressure of separate eternities." ; detective story. And we have to take into ac- And this, in some degree, is what must be said count that the mortal puts on immortality when of all the great poets, and it is the secret of transformed by art. Literature may be a It their enduring influence. When a work of liter- shadow, an imitation, a criticism of life. ature has had time to acquire associations of may be a reflection in a mirror, but its images detach themselves from the glass; they walk out this description, and has proved itself worthy into the world with an existence no less assured of the accretion, its immortality is assured. The fashion of the world changes, the material life, and they dominate the world for good or and certainly more lasting than the creatures of works of man crumble away, and social evil. arrangements feel the touch of mortality; but Perhaps in the answer to our second question the human soul amid all these transformations we may find some solution of the first." Here, of environing conditions, remains responsive to too, there are many guesses, but critical opinion the same appeal as of old. may be said to arrange itself into two opposing * Pallas is not, Phæbus breathes no more in breathing camps. One clan of critics claim that the pur- brass or gold : pose of literature is pleasure. It awakens, they Clytæmnestra towers, Cassandra wails, for ever : Time is bold, say, agreeable images and impulses in our But nor heart nor hand hath he to unwrite the scriptures minds, and its essence therefore is beauty. To writ of old. the other army the end of literature is moral 8 (July 1, THE DIAL good. It tends, they say, to instruct, discipline, If we look at literature in a plain, direct way, and exalt mankind. we will find, I think, that it has four functions, The first of these explanations is plainly four ways of serving mankind. It has the power inadmissible in regard to many of the mightiest to amuse, it has the power to instruct, it has works of literature. These tire or shock or the power to charm, and it has the power to appall the average mind. The average mind exalt. Of course there is no hard and fast line makes indeed no effort to grapple with them, of division between these several gifts. They and if they are written to please they miss their exist side by side in the same books, and the object as far as the generality of readers is greatest combine them all. concerned. Only the most athletic students can A large half of the writings of men exists cope with them. Undoubtedly when they are only to amuse. The amusement furnished is of finally mastered by these, they give a glow of all qualities. The shilling shocker, the lounge conquest and achievement, a sense of revelation. book for the hammock or railway journey, the But this recompense deserves a higher name mass of novels and short stories, give amuse- than pleasure. When the athlete, after months ment of many grades — but amuse they must. of laborious training, runs his race and falls Story-telling, indeed, antedated writing, and it fainting at the goal, his sense of triumph is exists where books do not penetrate. The an- something different from pleasure. When the cient Greek or Irish bard travelled on his tales Catholic penitent flagellates his bare back with of wonder and adventure, and the modern after- a knotted whip, his sense of sin rebuked, of flesh dinner speaker pays for his meal by his witty or mortified, is something other than pleasure. spicy anecdotes. Wherever men are gathered When the Indian sings his death song at the together in relaxation, over camp-fires or in stake while the fire is licking at his limbs, his smoking-cars, they swap stories like so many stern sense of joy is hardly pleasure in any ordi- embryo novelists. We are eternally interested nary meaning of the term. While we have such in our own doings, and we endure the tales of ideas as duty, honor, devotion, religious emo others for the chance of telling our own. And tion, to explain the incitements of men to diffi we project ourselves into the stories we read, and cult or heroic deeds, there is certainly no need dream them over in our own person. Voyages, to subsume all these under the inferior con adventures, fightings, love-makings, eatings, ception of pleasure. And all these feelings and treasure troves, losses, crosses, pains and gains, many others help us on in our dealings with -no story can be dull for us which is crowded literature. The case is similar in regard to with such happenings. The characters may be beauty, which many writers on ästhetic deem sawdust dolls, the philosophy non-existent, the the central or sole object of literature. We have style that of the stone age. But if the road the ideas of the grand, the sublime, the pathetic, lengthens before us, the inn door invites, clowns the terrible, the grotesque, the imperfect, all of crack their jokes, a dinner smokes on the table, which enter into the productions of art. Why swords flash, a lady's dress rustles in the back- should we arrange all these conceptions, some of ground, a bearded pirate sits on a chest, then which transcend and some of which contradict ennui can claim us no more that day,—we are the idea of beauty, under that term ? Beauty, bound to be happy. The born story-teller is a indeed, is only one of the elements out of which lucky fellow. All ears are his, and if these the world of art is fashioned. appendages become prodigiously lengthened un- The parties of the other part, who contend for der his treatment, it is not his fault. In the literature as an instrument of use and moral hands of the great novelists and dramatists the improvement, have a far better case, but even mere spectacle of life merges into deeper things. they do not have the whole law in their hands. It becomes romance which intoxicates, comedy Much admirable literature is repugnant to the whose mockery makes us meditate, or tragedy moral sense. If we deal with books in any large whose sorrow shakes our souls. way we must read those which contaminate the The fact that imaginative literature can in- mind, which hurt the soul. We cannot ignore struct is anathema to the average writer on æs. them and pass them by, under penalty of dwell thetic. He quotes De Quincey's distinction be- ing in a Fool's Paradise. We must go down tween the literature of knowledge and the lit- and fight with beasts at Ephesus. Zola has his erature of power, and relegates all writing that rights as well as St. Thomas a Kempis. Litera- is of use to the former category. The distinc- ture is really the tree of the knowledge of good tion is a valuable one, but may be pushed too and evil, and the taste of it is apt to be destruc- far. The great books of the literature of knowl- tive to any paradise of innocence. It is true edge, the works of the philosophers, are full to that our loss leaves us with a greater strength, the brim with ideas of power. They may be but it is a strength of sadness rather than of couched in the most abstract form, but their joy. total effect is to raise in our minds images of 1905.] 9 THE DIAL It may pomp and grandeur and gloom. They picture Amusement is good, instruction is good, forth the dark foundations of man's estate' and charm is best of all; but if these gifts were all the arches and fabrics of glory which spring that literature had to proffer, it could hardly therefrom. And equally the literature of power justify its claim to be the guide and guardian is instinct with knowledge. In fact, a great part of humanity. Taking literature in its widest of all we know comes from the works of the sweep, which embraces religion and philosophy, imagination we have read. The shop-girl learns it inspires and exalts. Religion is more than lit- propriety and good manners and the art of dress erature, but it is at least that. Philosophy is from the novels she devours. How many people other than literature, but it is that also. And are there who have got all their history from the greater works of the imaginative reason are Shakespeare and Scott and Dumas ! It is so inwoven with religion and philosophy that we very inexact history, but more vivid, more real, cannot separate the strands. more essentially true, than that of the chron Literature may do its deed of direction in iclers. Our manners, our customs, our fads, we many ways, its voice of inspiration and exalta- take largely from the poets and fiction writers. tion may ring out in many tones. It may work Dramas and novels have moulded the characters by direct ethical discourse, as in the great of millions. Smelling-bottles come or go in preachers and teachers and moralists. It may vogue as our favorite heroines are given to faint present pure and perfect ideals in dramatic or ing fits or field sports. Virtue itself depends a allegorical form, as in the poets of abstractions, good deal on the nod of a Lovelace or a Roches Spenser and Schiller and Shelley. It may tear ter. Werther imparts to a whole generation a away the veil of sense from nature and show us turn for revolution and suicide. Mankind in an apparent void beyond, as do the last of deed is very chameleon, and changes its hues the philosophers, Kant and Schopenhauer. It with great rapidity as the fiction writer dictates. may raise its voice in flat rebellion. Literature's power to charm is its most per call on us to desert the mosque for the tavern suasive, almost its most wonderful gift. Very with Omar, or draw us to revel and defy with often those who feel this charm the most desire Don Juan, or urge us to curse with Cain, or nothing more from books. The form, the inspire us to fight with indomitable courage sound, the color of verse, the grace and glitter with Lucifer. Or, lastly, it may present us, as of style in prose, enchants them. They go it does by the hands of the greatest poets, with about haunted by beautiful phrases; the spell pictures of humanity and the universe, in their of melodious words is on their lips. They have essence as they are, concentrated and made in- drunk the wine of Circe, they live in the gardentelligible. It may show us the contrast be- of Acrasia-seated in hearing of a hundred tween the greatness of man's soul and the streams.' Noble landscapes fold them round, brevity of his life, the apparent littleness of his the blue opens above filled with white or col fate. It may show us good and evil in their ored clouds, and beneath beautiful figures rise most tremendous realities, and leave us to make from the wave with inviting arms. But per- our choice. sisted in too long, such delights enervate the Wherever there is seriousness of purpose, mind. The man loses his wings to soar and his energy of thought, vividness of form, there a trained muscles to climb. Soon the witch of the greatness lives in literature which can inspirit place comes and dashes a few drops of water in and exalt. More than anything else, humanity his face, and he loses, too, his human form. He needs the shock of great minds. It matters grovels at the enchantress' foot, and if a Ulys- comparatively little whether it receives this ses or a Sir Guyon comes to rescue him he will shock from minds which communicate the not leave the place. The decadence of every ecstacy of joy, the rapture of holiness, the tri- literature dates from the day when it gave way umph of strife, or the terror of despair. All of to charm, when it abandoned the painful ways these emotions are good for us. They lift and of lofty thought, the stress of stormy conflict, move and drive us out of the monotony and and sank back to cultivate beauty and prettiness dulness and stagnation of ordinary existence. and peace. But within limits subject to the rule Cardinal Newman called Milton and Gibbon of the mastering spirit, charm is the most potent proud and rebellious sons of God. He meant weapon in the armory of art. It attracts, al- that from his point of view they were doing lures, rewards. In the form of style it eternizes God's work in an unauthorized way. Most of conceptions which would be forgotten without it. the religions and philosophies and literatures It is nearly the whole equipment of the second of the world are profoundly melancholy and order of creative minds. Sophocles, Menander, pessimistic. But this melancholy is a million Horace, Virgil, and their compeers, are its ma times better than smug satisfaction and acqui- gicians. And its spell is even more profound in escence with low levels of life. the pages of the greater men. CHARLES LEONARD MOORE. 10 [July 1, THE DIAL ancestor, but have not yet clearly proved this The New Books. claim. Mrs. Johnson, our editor, is the daugh- ter of W. B. Donne's eldest son, and is related by a double affinity to her husband, the Rev. A SCHOOLMATE OF EDWARD FITZGERALD.* Henry Barham Johnson, both man and wife having Donne and Johnson blood commingled The interest, one might almost say the in their veins. But in spite of so much breed- charm, attaching to the name and personality ing in and in, the Donnes seem to have made of Edward FitzGerald will attract many read- their modest mark in very creditable fashion. ers, otherwise indifferent, to the collection of Our own particular hero, born in 1807, and letters which Mrs. Catharine Bodham (Donne) thus two years older than FitzGerald, was edu- Johnson has carefully edited and annotated, cated at the grammar school of Bury St. and has entitled “William Bodham Donne and Edmunds, where he formed lasting friendships his Friends;" for among these letters are forty- with Edward FitzGerald, James Spedding, and five, hitherto unpublished, from FitzGerald to his life-long friend Donne (or, in half a dozen John Mitchell Kemble, and at Caius College, Cambridge, where he joined with eleven others instances, to some member of Donne's family). of future fame in founding the so-called Mr. W. Aldis Wright's editions of the Fitz- Gerald letters contain but twenty-two ad- Apostles' Club-properly the Cambridge Con- dressed to Donne, none of which are here signing the Thitry-nine Articles prevented his versazione Club. Conscientious scruples against republished. These new letters seem quite as characteristic of their writer as the twenty-two graduating. The Kemble connection doubtless influenced him in turning his attention to the selected by Mr. Wright. Letters to and from Bernard Barton, Fanny Kemble, John M. drama, and opened the way to his succeeding J. M. Kemble as Examiner of Plays in 1857, Kemble, and R. C. Trench, are conspicuously present in the volume; but the name most a post which failing health forced him to often on the pen of all these writers is that of resign in 1874. He had previously held the FitzGerald, to whom the index gives eigthy- Library, and had refused the editorship of the librarianship of the newly established London two references, more than are entered under any other name, even including that of Donne Edinburgh Review on the ground that his himself. That the Woodbridge recluse should retired habits kept him uninformed as to cur. have served thus in some sort as a common rent events, political and literary. A rather bond of sympathy to unite this amiable and rash step, as it appears to the reader, was his interesting group of correspondents, increases marriage at twenty-three, with little but the our fondness for him and sets us to pondering profession of 'poor gentleman' to look to for anew on that mysterious something in his support, to his kinswoman Catharine Hewitt, character that has taken captive the affections who was certainly old enough to have known of so many and is likely to win him still other better, being nine years her husband's senior. friends among the yet unborn. The mothers of William and Catharine were Of William Bodham Donne's life-history, first cousins, and thus the family tradition of this book has little to say of a formal nature, cousinly alliances was piously followed. By that little being said chiefly in the editor's the generous self-denial of Donne's mother the introduction. The main outlines of his biogra- young couple were established on the maternal estate at Mattishall, in Norfolk, and there, in phy, as elsewhere chronicled, can be soon given. The intermingling of Donne, Bodham, nearly as brief space as nature allows in such Cowper and Johnson blood in the family pedi- matters, they increased their country's popu- gree need not here greatly concern us. Mrs. lation by five, — three sons and two daughters, Johnson speaks of the poet Cowper as Donne's who all grew to maturity, and one of whom cousin; but it was a distant cousinship, the married a daughter of their father's old friend poet's mother (whose maiden Kemble. Much magazine and review writing of the best sort stands to Donne's credit, also Donne) being great-aunt to both Donne's par- ents, and Donne's great-aunt, Mrs. Anne Bod- the ‘Euripides' and “Tacitus' in Lucas Col- ham, being also cousin to the poet, while the lins's ' Ancient Classics for English Readers,' whole Donne-Cowper-Johnson company trace the editing of several works for Weale's classi- their descent from William Donne, a Norfolk cal series, many contributions to Dr. Smith's gentleman of the seventeenth century, and classical dictionaries, and other literary work through him claim the poet Donne as their of merit. He was a fine scholar, with a grace- ful gift for verse and a delicate humor. He died in 1882, the year preceding FitzGerald's by Catharine B. Johnson. death. name was *WILLIAM BODHAM DONNE AND HIS FRIENDS. Edited With Sixteen Illustrations. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co. 1905.] 11 THE DIAL In common with so many of his friends, pleasures to Scotland. This is worshipful intelli- Donne was an admirer of Fanny Kemble. gence, but I am going to try and oblige him see- ing that in the end I may repay my charges in Writing to Trench in 1829, he says of her moving.' Juliet' at Covent Garden, that it creates In a letter to Bernard Barton occurs a such a sensation in London that Drury Lane, reference to 'E. F. G.' which will be enjoyed. I understand, is saved from emptiness, and 'Can you not put a little ratsbane in E. F. G.'s blank cheques, by the overflow from Covent toasted cheese - not enough to make it fatal, but Garden. He attributes her success to 'her merely purgative. He has used me vilely. First ideality of impersonation. From the many let he takes me to task for using long words, such as ters written to her by Donne in later life, one he says he does not understand; and then when I protest against being accused of affectation he paragraph may be selected as illustrating his defends himself by saying I am not so much eclecticism in matters of religion. affected as stupid. “Shall this fellow live". All "Frederic Maurice has at length got some authors are in danger from him, and should preferment, not much worth the having, but unite against him. And you have such an oppor- nevertheless he has passed the barrier, and prob- tunity as does not fall to every one's lot of quiet- ably will rise higher ere long. He is come to a ing him.' parish in our part of the town — and to a church And now for a truly characteristic bit from which you may remember at the bottom of Wim- pole St. and at the corner of Wigmore St. We E. F. G. himself. In the late summer of 1863, shall resort to him: and I shall have within a while enjoying his dolce far niente in his boat, circle of a quarter of a mile three such pulpit somewhere about Lowestoft we infer, he writes orators as content me, viz., J. J. Tayler, Mar. a letter to Donne, of which the following much tineau, and Maurice, nor will their doctrines be be-capitaled passage has the familiar sound discordant in any material respect, as without concert and in ostensible opposition, all three have and the familiar look. weeded their doctrine of many of the incum 'I think you would like this Bawdsey (though brances of the Church of England.' the Name should hardly be mentioned to Ears His intimacy with R. C. Trench permitted polite): only about a dozen Fishermen's Houses, built where our River rung into the Sea over a him to indulge in a little innocent mischief foaming Bar: on one side of which is a good with his serious-minded friend. When the sand to Felixstowe and on the other an orange- future archbishop was writing his 'Lessons in coloured Crag Cliff towards Oxford Haven: not a Proverbs ? he asked Donne for such specimens single respectable House, or Inhabitant, or Lodger: no white Cravats; an Inn with scarce Table or of aphoristic wisdom as he could furnish. Chair: and only Bread and Cheese to eat. I often Have you this one,' asked Donne, — No fool lie there in my Boat: I wish you would come and so big but there's a bigger at his funeral ? ' do so. But now I have got my Boat back, I think we are in for wet weather: which we shall all be 'No,' replied the collector of old saws, and glad of. Capital harvests everywhere: and even was proceeding to write it down when some- the Green Crops much better off than I have seen thing made him look up in time to catch a them in much less dry Seasons. There have been twinkle in his friend's eye; whereupon he great dews that have kept their Tails up. One taxed him with inventing the proverb, which night when I was becalmed going to Holland the sails reeked as after a three hours' Rain; and the culprit could not deny. Soon after remov- strange Fish with blue Fins came up and fol. ing to Bury St. Edmunds, to enter his boys lowed in such wake as the Boat made. They in his old alma mater there, he wrote humor looked ghastly and haunted me in a Dream!' ously to Trench of his somewhat chaotic con A few sentences from a letter written by dition. He says: Fanny Kemble to Donne in 1857 show us poor "The number of Trades I have exercised in FitzGerald playing the pathetically uncon- my own person of late astonishes me, my genius genial part of Benedick. He and Lucy Barton does not lie in history or criticism, but in uphol- stery and kindred manual acts. I have earned had recently entered on their short and lam- my bread for a month honestly, and I regard my entable experience of married life. month's hard-labour with some pride. I have Ed FitzGerald has taken rooms at 24 Portland one sitting-room carpeted, and a bed to lie on, Terrace for 3 months, much to my delight, for he and have had “losses go to - and wise fellow is within reach, much to his own discomfiture, for enough” and if I have not two gowns I have two the rooms it seems are dark and dismal, looking gardens. Next week I must into Norfolk to pre forward on the wild beasts [in the Zoological pare for my auction. It will be some time in Gardens], looking backward on a cemetery. The September. Put money in thy purse and go to paper of his sitting-room is a dark, indeed, an it. A power of books to be sold, for J have heroi invisible green, the windows are narrow, and he cally curtailed my library to my dimensions here says that “his contemporary'-which, being and sell all that is superfluous. Just as I am in interpreted, means his wife! looks in this chamber the midst of chaos, comes a request from my mas of horrors like Lucrezia Borgia. Most extraordi. ter, Dr. Smith, that I would write hiin some sixty nary of Benedicks is our friend. He talks like Roman lives for his Dictionary, and in fact be his Bluebeard. Speaks “O'leaping o'er the line"; sub-editor, because forsooth he is going on his really distresses even Spedding's well-regulated 12 [July 1, THE DIAL mind. I have however so much confidence in him that I believe all this irony with a rooted regard PROBLEMS OF OUR NATIONAL for Lucy, and so much confidence in Lucy as to ADMINISTRATION.* believe she'll tame Petruchio, swagger as he list. Yet for the present I agree with your sister. In the preface to his work on The National "Your account, quoth she, “of Edward FitzGer Administration of the United States' Dr. ald is very droll, but not comfortable I think. At Fairlie calls attention to the fact that very least if I was his wife, I should not like him even to play at being bored by me. I think my little has been written on the administrative woman's feeling would revolt" at that, and my side of our government, though other features woman's folly, at being called the Contempo- have been treated exhaustively by careful com- rary!'" mentators. No further apology was necessary An anecdote illustrating Donne's extreme of to justify the publication of this book. The scrupulousness in the censorship of plays is intelligent layman of to-day may have a pretty worth repeating. He is said never to have accurate idea of the powers of Congress, and suffered the word 'God’ to be uttered on the even of how its routine business is carried on; stage. One day a caller found him engaged he may also know enough of the Judiciary to with his children in looking over manuscripts. feel confident of his ability to discuss it with On entering the caller heard a voice say, some degree of intelligence; of course he is * Here's another God, father;' to which the familiar with the Executive, and talks readily answer came, “Very well, my dear, cross him of the Cabinet; but if asked to explain in out and put “heaven as usual.' The follow- detail the duties and methods of these offices, ing from a letter to Fanny Kemble, refers to he probably would beat a hasty retreat. To the abdicated censorship and to another matter supply the deficiency of such knowledge is the of some interest. The date is Aug. 25, 1874. task Dr. Fairlie has undertaken. Two chap. My abdication is not without its pleasures. ters of the book are devoted to the President, The Queen, by the pen of her Privy-Purse-Keeper, one to the Senate and Congress, one to the Sir T. M. Biddulph, has sent me a very kind Cabinet and its members, one to Administra- message of regret at my resignation and of sat. isfaction with my jurisdiction during my reign tive Organization, one to each of the depart- of 17 years. The Managers of Theatres are send ments of the Cabinet, and one to the Detached ing very kind tokens of regret and goodwill, an! Bureaus. The duties of the officials in these I am awarded for life a larger retiring pension departments, and their methods of performing than I looked for, viz., 3501. per annum. So, although there will be a shortening of my income, them, are explained in detail. I need not send the hat round to my friends Naturally, the President, the chief executive and acquaintance. officer, is considered first, and attention is 'Early in the month I passed four more pleas given to his power of appointment and ant days at Warsash. I like the little (for she removal. A century ago there were about four is short of stature) “American Princess'' [Mrs. Algernon Sartoris, daughter of Gen. Grant] very hundred Presidential offices; to-day there are much, and it is most pleasant to behold her over six thousand, with over twelve millions demeanor to your sister. She (Mrs. Sartoris) has of dollars in salaries, none of which is pro- exercised her usual magical genius in converting tected by the Civil Service regulations, or can what was an ordinary farmhouse into a most com- fortable and beautifully decorated abode — and a be, according to Dr. Fairlie. While the right to few fields into a most pleasant garden and select these officers nominally belongs to the grounds. She started with no other advantage – President, in practice the selections are virtually no mean one indeed — than a good supply of trees. made by Senators, sometimes by Representa- The rest is the work of her own skilful hands.' tives, — for the two-fold reason that one man Among the many interesting portraits con could not be expected to look into the details tained in the volume FitzGerald's dome of of the qualifications of so many applicants, thought rises in more than wonted majesty. and that the Senators wish a share in the One is glad to see Bernard Barton's honest National patronage. As a remedy for this face, young Richard Trench's thoughtful coun- evil, and as an offset to centralization in tenance, and a drawing, hasty though it is, of administration, the author suggests decentral- John Kemble. The workmanship of both edi- | ization of administration, giving the appoint- tor and printer is good. One error, however, ment of local officers to state governors. has crept into Mrs. Johnson's genealogical Another source of abuse, not mentioned by the chart: she makes Donne to have been born in author, is found in the power of appointing 1809 instead of 1807. Was this owing to a during a recess of the Senate, with commis- half-conscious regret that her grandfather had, sions running to the close of the next session. by so narrow a margin, missed the annus mira- *THE NATIONAL ADMINISTRATION THE UNITED bilis of birthdays? STATES OF AMERICA. By John A. Fairlie, Ph.D. New PERCY F. BICKNELL. York: The Macmillan Co. OF 1905.] 13 THE DIAL Through this power the Executive may keep refused to follow its decision in at least one in office a man not acceptable to the Senate. case each. Much has been said from time to A notorious case was that of Dr. Crum, col time about legislation by judicial interpreta- lector at Charleston, who was repeatedly ap tion. A remarkable case of Executive legisla- pointed after his rejection by the Senate. tion may be found in the famous pension order In nothing, perhaps, does the history of our of last year, which decreed that the attain- government contrast more sharply with that men of a certain age was sufficient evidence of of the European governments than in the disability, regardless of actual physical condi- powers and functions of the Executive. While tion, to entitle soldiers to pensions. the monarchs of Europe have been slowly los The second chapter, on The Executive,' is ing their prerogatives through usurpations by devoted mainly to Foreign Relations and Mili- the legislatures, our our Executive has been tary Powers. Perhaps it is in the latter that steadily gaining ground. Though made chiefly the prerogative has seen its freest development. responsible for the administration, in the early | Just here Dr. Fairlie's treatment is not alto- days his powers of direction were held to be gether satisfactory. He correctly says that it small. Indeed, so late as 1835 a United is difficult to draw a line of demarcation States judge held that inferior officers, even between the authority of Congress and that of members of the Cabinet, were bound to execute the President, but indicates that Congress the duties of their offices according to their own regulates matters of permanent importance, judgment, not according to the direction of while the President determines those of a tem- the President. But this decision had justporary nature. It may be questioned, how- been anticipated by a strong Executive, strong Executive, ever, if the President is thus limited in prac- Andrew Jackson, who held that his own views tice. President Lincoln once increased the of the Constitution were worth as much as standing army, though this is a precedent not those of the Supreme Court. In this case he likely to be followed, even under like neces- secured obedience through the power of dis sity. But he prescribed 'Instructions for the missal, when his Secretary of the Treasury Government of the Armies in the Field' which would not cease depositing the funds of the are still used, though they appear to fall government with the United States Bank, within the power of Congress to make rules though the matter was left to his discretion by for the government of the land and naval law. forces.' The growth of the prerogative has been The power of the President as a military remarkable in the ordinance power. This is governor, exercised through the War Depart- one of the residuary powers of the Crown in ment, over conquered territory, are well set England, but here it is largely a development. forth in a few sentences. The Insular Cases In many cases the power is expressly conferred are cited to show that, after the cessation of by statute; in others, says Dr. Fairlie, is is ‘an hostilities, neither he nor his subordinates can exercise of constitutional executive powers.' impose duties on goods passing between the But this power is closely related to, if not United States and ceded territory. The public part of, the legislative power, a thing which has accepted this as law, and now would like Congress cannot delegate. The establishment The establishment to know by what authority the Secretary of of a 'penal system with a code of penalties the Navy imposes duties on goods imported and a system of proceedure,' as in the regula- into Tutuila, Samoa, from the United States, tions governing the revenue-cutter service, has and admits goods there from foreign countries a rather shaky basis in the oath of the Execu under laws not prescribed by Congress, while tive to that the laws are faithfully the Secretary of the Treasury admits goods executed. It is the business of the legislature which have paid these duties in Samoa to the to provide the ways and means; if it fails to United States free of duty. Perhaps the do this, the blame rests with it. The Presi power to suspend and amend state laws and to dent is authorized to send and receive ambas- disperse a state legislature, not mentioned in sadors; but when two of our most highly this book, is not recognized as legitimate, but esteemed Executives, Madison and Monroe, it was exercised by President Lincoln in Mary- ventured to create the office of ambassador and land and Delaware. fill it during a recess of Congress, they were Dr. Fairlie finds only two remedies against rebuked therefor, though the business was the action of the President — impeachment, urgent. and the refusal of the courts to execute uncon- As he is to execute the laws, their first inter- stitutional orders. stitutional orders. The statement that when pretation rests with the President. Jefferson, the writ of habeas corpus was opposed by the Jackson, and Lincoln claimed powers coör- orders of the President, the court declined to dinate with the judiciary in this respect, and take further action,' is misleading. What see 14 [July 1, THE DIAL Chief Justice Taney actually did was to file 1741, since which time no complete reprint his opinion and confess himself helpless before has appeared until now. Yet the work, for its the superior military power. manner as fully as for its contents, is well The 'varied industries of the Treasury worthy of a modern revival. Department are set forth in detail. While the Louis-Armond, le Baron de Lahontan et collection and disbursement of the revenue is Hesteche, was a native of Bearn, and was born its main business, it performs many other on the French slopes of the Pyrenees. Inherit- duties, some of which — such as the life-sav ing a dilapidated estate, he sought his for- ing and public health service, and the super tunes in the marine corps' — that portion of vision of the Bureau of Printing and Engrav- the army entrusted with the care of the colo- ing — would seem to belong more appropri- nies; and in 1883, at seventeen years of age, ately elsewhere. The pages devoted to the he began his wandering career in New France. Currency and Banking are not altogether satis For ten years he lived the adventurous life of factory, for after reading them one still carries a soldier, a courier, and an explorer, and saw with him a somewhat hazy notion of the sub the new world of France from Quebec to the ject. However, an exposition which would sources of the Mississippi, and back again really clarify it hardly falls within the prov Newfoundland. In an evil hour, in 1793, he ince of the author, so far as he is concerned was driven by the persecutions of his superior merely with administration. officer to fly from his post; and from that The book is written in a readable style, hour to his death, in 1715, he was a man with- which is all that may be fairly expected of one out a country, although probably not in which simply attempts to set forth the details penury, owing to the popularity of his remark- of administrative work as they actually exist, able book. Those were the days to which Mr. with a minimum of criticism and suggestion. Austin Dobson assigns a court-life where For the most part it is easily understood; but 'All went naked save the truth,' after repeated readings, one paragraph, that and to such a jaded and satiated public a on the Collection of Internal Revenue (p. 110), still remains more or less incomprehen- book like Lahontan's was a godsend. As Mr. Thwaites observes : sible. DAVID Y. THOMAS. *Lahontan recounted not only his own adven. tures and the important events that occurred beneath his eyes in the much-talked-of region of New France, but drew a picture of the simple delights of life in the wilderness more graphic A SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY LUCIAN. than had yet been presented to the European world. In the pages of Lahoptap the child of Mr. Thwaites has undertaken a prolonged natu nature was depicted as a creature of rare beauty service for which all students of the pioneer of form, a rational being thinking deep thoughts days in America must thank him devoutly. on great subjects, but freed from the trammels and frets of civilization, bound by none of its Following in the trail opened a few years restrictions, obedient only to the will and caprice ago by Professor Coues, in the publication of of his own nature. In this American Arcady the Journals of Pike and of Henry, he has were no courts, laws, police, ministers of state, or other hampering paraphernalia of government; now given us the fourth installment of his each man was a law unto himself, and did what reprints of early travellers, in addition to the seemed good in his own eyes. Here were no magnificent series of Jesuit Relations' which monks and priests, with their strictures and ascet- will keep his memory green in all the large icisms, but a natural, sweetly reasonable religion. libraries of the land. To the unimpeachable ful native in his leafy home; without distinction Here no vulgar love of money pursued the peace- records of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, of property, the rich man was he who might give made by the leaders and by Gass, and the most generously. Aboriginal marriage was no fet- narrative of the mendacious Hennepin, he tering life-covenant, but an arrangement pleasing now adds, in the same beautiful typography, innocent and unadorned, passed his life in the the convenience of the contracting parties. Man, the more entertaining narrative made by the pleasures of the chase, warring only in the cause philosophical Gascon, Lahontan. The original of the nation, scorning the supposititious benefits work was published in French and English of civilization, and free from its diseases, misery, editions in the same year, 1703, as Mr. sycophancy, and oppression. In short, the Ameri- can wilderness was the seat of serenity and noble Thwaites says, 'avowedly as a last resource on philosophy.' the part of the bankrupt fugitive. More than a dozen editions, mostly French, followed to One is tempted to quote at length from Mr. Thwaites's most admirable essay, in which he *New VOYAGES TO NORTH AMERICA. By the Baron de sums up the philosophy of this caustic and Lahontan. Reprinted from the English edition of 1703, by Reuben Gold Thwaites, LL.D. embittered son of the south; for it were idle cago: A. C. McClurg & Co. to attempt to re-state what he has stated, once In two volumes. Chi- 1905.] 15 THE DIAL for all, in beautifully fit and appreciative lan utter disregard of appearances and immediate guage. Again he says: surroundings. A discriminating observer can During his protracted sea-voyages, unending days hardly fail to be deeply impressed with the in wilderness garrisons, and long months of cam. incongruity of all that man has added to the paigning in gloomy forests, Lahontan brooded surface of the earth. He has outraged natural upon the blemishes of civilization, contrasting it caustically with the simplicity of barbarism, and beauties with such atrocious habitations and erecting an ideal system of savage perfection, monuments that he has actually created a taste which he used as a whip to lash the vices of his among the masses for the ugly and inhar- time. With the European passion for money, he monious. Many attractive regions have been compares the communal life of the North Ameri. can aborigine, who seeks to satisfy only his artistically and picturesquely ruined by his immediate needs, and shares his possessions with insistent and overbearing personality expressed whoever needs them: over against the servile in suppositious architectural forms. He has caste spirit of the courtier, he places the proud imposed upon us by the glitter of gold, and independence of each Indian warrior: with the rigid bonds of the married state, he contrasts the blinded our eyes by quantity rather than easy libertinism of the barbarian: with the elab-quality. Frankly, he has given us that which orate ritual and dogmas of the church, the primi we could appreciate most for the time being; tive native myths of the sons of the forest. The but we are at last awakening to the fact that comforts and luxuries of civilization are ridi. culed, while the hardships and paucity of wilder- this gold is not without alloy. The blinding ness life are minimized." In short — to quote the glitter is not now enough to hide its ugly words of his marvellous Huronian, Adario, “The shape, and we hope and pray that he will soon Great Spirit has vouchsafed us an honest mould, begin to express himself in forms of symmetry while wickedness nestles in yours: and that he sends you into our country in order to have an and stateliness. He has scarred the face of the opportunity of correcting your Faults, and fol. country, and done his deadly work in raising lowing our Example.”' false standards; but it is not yet too late for As one reads, he recognizes on the one hand him to turn and express himself, where the the scoffing satire of that famous Latin-writer community is concerned, in artistic terms with who was Lahontan's favorite, Lucian; and on a harmonious environment. It is essential that the other he sees by anticipation the dreams he should not be indifferent, but should lead for society of the Encyclopædists and of the in the right education of the people. And this • Contrat Social.' He realizes, amid all the is the crux of the Municipal Art situation: the bitterness and scurrillity the soul of a man awakening of an unenlightened public, first who, in the heart of the great solitudes or in to the knowledge of what civic beauty means, the companionship of the individualized sav- and second to the possibility of attaining it. age, gets nearer to nature's God, and to the That the great masses are steeped in igno- true worth of life and service. There is a tonic rance of its meaning, and that a large majority inspiration about it which is akin to that which of the wealthy are coldly indifferent to its to-day stirs us in the aspiration and achieve attainment, are two facts that are constantly ment of that newest race in the far East which impressed upon those who have had anything is holding every gaze. to do with Civic Art. The best ways of edu- JOHN J. HALSEY. cating the one and overcoming the oftimes hostile indifference of the other have been among the serious questions considered by Municipal Art Societies. Plans that required THE CITY MADE BEAUTIFUL.* the backing of the city, the state, and some- During the past decade there has been a times the nation, have had to be abandoned, constantly increasing interest in Municipal and effort has been resolved into one idea, Art, which has culminated in definite accom which has finally become paramount, that of plishment of no mean proportions. Still, there education. It is really an education of the has been no great popular demand or move eye, by examples of what has already been done ment, and the recognition of the great impor- in a simple way in this country, and also by tance of Civic Art to a community is as yet showing how much the rest of the world has confined to a comparatively small number of accomplished. earnest individuals who believe that utility can Among the practical aids which this move- be greatly aided by good taste. The founda- ment has received, two books by Mr. Charles tion of our government is too solid, and its Mulford Robinson must be given a prominent future in the world too permanent, for us place. Of one of these books, Modern Civic longer to build merely for the moment, with Art, or the City Made Beautiful,' a new edi. tion has appeared, delightfully illustrated with •MODERN CIVIC ART. Or, The City Made Beautiful. By Charles Mulford Robinson. views of places noted for their interest and trated. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. beauty. In the preface to this edition, Mr. Second edition. Illus- 16 [July 1, THE DIAL Robinson says that nothing has been more Municipal art is for all the people. If remarkable than the growth of the civic im men seek it they seek it not for art's sake, but provement movement during the last few years. for the city's. They are not asking the town Upwards of twelve hundred societies are now to help art, but art to help the town: the recorded, and the interchange of experiences artists, not to glorify their art, but their art to and methods is of the greatest value. These clubs glorify the city.' RALPH CLARKSON. come in contact with each other through national organizations. He also thinks, so valuable are the suggestions that can be exchanged, that it is possible to have a litera- BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. ture of the subject that would be international. Color-prints As appreciation of the color-prints It has been felt that a general awakening to by masters of designed by the Masters of the the benefits of Municipal Art would at no dis Japanese art. Popular School of Japanese Art tant date result in a demand for its considera- | broadens, the literature of the subject increases. tion upon all suitable occasions. Its advocates From San Francisco (Paul Elder & Co.) comes have therefore been interested in methods of Miss Dora Amsden's Impressions of Ukiyo-ye, reaching the greatest number of people, and have daintily printed on Japanese paper, and bound concluded that the direct appeal to the eye is far in Japanese style, though more substantially, as superior to all others. No more important The author frankly disavows the work as an 'in- is suited to our rougher way of handling books. educational example was ever placed before dividual expression.' Her endeavor, she ex- Americans than the World's Fair of 1903; and plains, is 'to give in condensed form the opinions we firmly believe that no influence has been of those qualified by study and research to speak more potent in awakening a taste for Civic with authority upon the form of Japanese art, Art. Not that we would wish an infinite num which in its most concrete development, the ber of 'White Cities' to spring up all over the Ukiyo-ye print, is now claiming the attention of country, but that the idea of harmony should the art world.' Were the views reflected only enter more largely into the building of our those of writers thus qualified, the book would towns; that the situation should conform to have greater value. But from Fenollosa to Hart- the topography of the land, and that every mann is a far cry. And in imagination alone can warrant be found for such extravagant state- natural beauty should be preserved and en- ments as that "To Ukiyo-ye the Japanese owed hanced. Mr. Robinson has realized this, and the gradual expansion of international conscious- in his various chapters has taken up the possi ness which culminated in the revolution of 1868, bilities of Civic Art and shown why certain -a revolution, the most astonishing in history, cities are successful examples and how others accomplished as if by miracle; but the esoteric can be made so. Civic Art is good, sound, germ of this seemingly spontaneous growth of practical reasoning, deduced from the experi- Meiji lay in the atelier of the artists of Ukiyo-ye.' ence of the ages, and meant for the masses of Interesting, indeed, were it true! Equally beside the people. 'Loving beauty, it loves humanity the mark are the assertions that ‘Japanese Art yet better. It wants the surroundings of men was ever dominated by the priestly hierarchy,' and that, before the advent of Ukiyo-ye, the to be clean, wholesome, and uplifting, as well aristocratic schools had confined themselves en- as pleasant to see. Personified, modern Civic tirely to representations of princely pageantry, to Art appears as a sort of a social reformer; for portraiture, and to ideal pictures of mythical per- if the eye be that of the artist, there is surely sonages, saints, and sages.' Has the author never yet in it the tear of the philanthropist.' heard of the landscapes of Sesshu, Shubun, So- Many people seem to think that art is some- ami, and Motonobu, or of the birds of Chokuan thing so impracticable, so superficial, so easily and Utanosuke, or of the flowers of Korin and acquired when wealth comes, that it can have Kenzan,- to name a few only out of the host of artists who painted these subjects? And where nothing to do with the foundation of things. did she get the notion that the 'national stage They do not require or ask the same standard passion of the Japanese 'overshadows the lovė of perfection in what their eyes rest upon as of any other amusement,' or that 'it was to the they do in the working of a machine. They persons of the actors, and the printers who are content with that which is imperfect and spread their pictures broadcast, that the people oftimes inferior on its artistic side, and only owed the æsthetic wonders of their costume?' The appreciate perfection in commercial things. frequent occurrence of such misstatements as And yet Civic Art is the best investment a these mar what would otherwise be a very accept- city can make. It is the life of many cities of able essay, readable, and giving in compact form much information useful to those who are be- the Old World, and means millions of dollars coming interested in Ukiyo-ye prints. Errors in to foreign nations. It creates pride in its citi- spelling, as Mitsonobu for Mitsunobu, Hogan for zens more than any other thing can, and holds Hogen, Kitanas instead of Katanas, and Fesole their allegiance and love. for Fiesole, may perhaps be charged to the print- 1905.] 17 THE DIAL er and proof-reader; but not so such expressions of infinitude' which Goethe makes the mark of as Tanyu of Kano and Shunsho of Katsukawa. | high poetry. Crabbe certainly has his limitations. Though intended in the sense in which we speak In his chapter on Hawthorne, Mr. More dwells of Raphael of Urbino, they are in fact the equiva on New England's 'brilliant flowering and quick lent of, let us for example say, Albrecht of Dürer, decay.' Yet it might not be impossible to say a or Theodore of Roosevelt. Kano and Katsukawa word in defense of present-day New England. are not merely the designations of schools; they The last two essays, dealing with matters of are the surnames of the artists comprising these Greek philosophy and poetry, are admirable in schools. Kano no Tanyu would be no less absurd the insight they display and in their wide and than strange to the ear of a Japanese. The chap firm grasp of Hellenic literature. Both in his ters on Hokusai and Utamaro are easily the best fine classical scholarship and in his carefully part of the book. The chapter on 'The School of wrought sentences, Mr. More calls to mind the Torii' is also excellent, though its caption is a lamented Walter Pater, although the Oxford misnomer, for it contains almost nothing about scholar's reading and literary sympathies, wide its nominal subject. as they were, strike one as less comprehensive than Mr. More's. A cordial welcome awaits such Second volume Mr. Paul Elmer More's second se further volumes of 'Shelburne Essays' as the of 'Shelburne ries of 'Shelburne Essays' (Put author may see fit to publish. Essays.' nam) maintains the high character of the first. Eleven papers are here brought to- A pleasant book The 'Talks in a Library with Lau- gether,-on English sonnets (Elizabethan and of literary rence Hutton,' which Mrs. Isabel Shakespearean), Lafcadio Hearn, Hazlitt, Lamb, chit-chat. Moore has edited and the Putnams Crabbe, Meredith, Hawthorne, Kipling and Fitz have put into book form, are already known in Gerald (in the same chapter), Delphi and Greek part to readers of periodicals. These free-and- literature, and Nemesis. Most striking and orig easy chats form a tolerably full autobiography inal of all is the essay on Hearn. What Mr. of the late Mr. Hutton, and are most entertaining More has to say about the union of eastern and reading, being also fully illustrated in a very western thought, both as illustrated in Hearn and attractive manner. An early paragraph excites as likely to lead to further developments, is pro one's admiration of young Hutton's manliness foundly, and, in a way not to be briefly explained, and independence. Not to be dependent on his gruesomely suggestive. There is a decidedly ori father, who, however, appears to have been a ental touch in the essayist's representation of man of means, Laurence secured a position as er- love, more distinctively first love, to whose thral rand boy, at four dollars a week, in a wholesale dom the 'indwelling of the past' gives a wonder- produce commission house, but still continued to ful significance. "We look into the eyes of love move in polite society when off duty. He says, and it is as though, through some intense and 'I never felt that my overalls were very becom- sudden stimulation of vital being, we had ob ing, but I was never ashamed of them; and tained-for supercelestial moment-the when a young lady, with whom I had danced the glimpse of a reality never before imagined, and varsovienne one night in Waverley Place, cut me never again to be revealed. There is, indeed, an dead the next day in Broad Street, because she illusion. We seem to view the divine; but this saw me-in overalls—rolling a barrel of beans divine itself, whereby we are dazzled and duped, across a pair of "skidds" on to a grocer's wagon, is a ghost. Our mortal sight pierces beyond the I was ashamed of her!' Of the innumerable surface of the present into profundities of myri- good things that are every day being said by ads of years,-pierces beyond the mask of life bright people, Hutton gathered up not a few. into the enormous night of death. For a moment For example, H. C. Bunner, viewing the monu- we are made aware of a beauty and a mystery ments of the great in Westminster Abbey, re- and a depth unutterable: then the veil falls marked to Hutton, "There are three classes of again forever.' Characteristic of the writer's Englishmen whom I can endure,-the Irish, complexion of thought is his finding in Shakes the Scotch, and the dead.' Of Miss Ellen Terry peare--the sonnets and plays taken together we are interested to learn that, in reply to a com- one of the saddest human documents ment on her commanding height as seen on the penned.' Characteristic too is his regret that stage, she explained that she was five feet seven, Lamb is not more often altogether serious. As but always stood on the balls of her feet, and well find fault with the violet because its odor sometimes on tiptoe. With a natural fellow- is not that of the rose, or complain of Mr. More's feeling, Hutton gives a long list of distinguished style because its seriousness is unrelieved by the American men of letters who were without a faintest touch of humor. This, as Dr. Johnson college education; and he elsewhere says, knowing long ago said, is like finding fault with a man six from experience whereof he speaks, that 'he is a feet tall because he is not two inches taller. Kip- lucky workingman of letters who can earn, read- ling and FitzGerald are linked together as being ily and surely, the daily wages of a plumber's much talked about and read at the time the es assistant or the gas man's apprentice. Of the say was written, six years ago. Although the importance of a taking book title, we are told essayist speaks of comparing' their work, the that 'a good title is so essential that men have two are really, and necessarily, contrasted. In been known to copyright titles and then, some Crabbe the writer looks in vain for that 'sense day perhaps, to write books to fit them.' This one ever 18 [July 1, THE DIAL must be taken as a pleasant bit of exaggeration- of which other examples could be quoted-inas- much as no title or title-page alone can be copy- righted, in this country and England at least. Three chapters are given to Mr. Hutton's famous collection of death masks, his ‘scullery,' as it has been irreverently styled. On the whole, for its wealth of literary, dramatic, and miscellan- eous reminiscences the book is one of the best of its kind. The editor deserves a warm word of praise for her part in the work. A partisan The public career of Edwin M. biography of a Stanton was contemporary with the great partisan. most turbulent period of American history, and he was always in the midst of the strife. Called to President Buchanan's cabinet during the closing months of his administration, and again to Lincoln's cabinet in 1862, chief pro- motor of ‘arbitrary arrests,' prime manager of military drafts, and a voluntary sacrifice to Presi- dent Johnson in the Reconstruction contest, Stan- ton's activities cover nearly every aspect of the struggle for the preservation of the Union. ‘Storm-swept' he is called in a new work entitled Edwin McMasters Stanton, the Autocrat of Rebellion, Emancipation, and Reconstruction, by Frank Abiel Flower. (Saalfield Pub. Co., Akron, Ohio.) This volume of nearly 500 pages is not so exhaustive of the public life of Stanton as the two volumes by Gorham; but it gives more of the personal element, and, by its numerous interviews with Stanton's contemporaries, pre- sents a full portraiture which the other lacks. It covers also the legal life of Stanton, following him through the various stations in life to which he was called. In addition to the many original sources drawn upon, the author has availed him- self of numerous original photographs of men and places, which add to the educational value of the work. The treatment is frankly eulogistic. 'He was always great when others were little,' says the author. The Republic is his monument; the Rebellion is his biography.' A prefatory schedule is made of twenty-nine achievements of Stanton. It includes most of the important events of the War and of Reconstruction, leaving little to accredit to other participants. He is given credit for the prodigious industrial era which made America what it is, for putting backbone into Lin- coln, for showing Butler how to capture New Orleans, for planning the capture of Norfolk and the blockade of the James river, and for creating the rams and mortar boats on the upper Missis- sippi. He conceived the Confiscation act, crowded Lincoln into signing the Emancipation act, armed the slaves of rebellious masters, rescued the starv- ing army of the Cumberland, saved the city of Washington, protected Grant from public wrath, prevented Lincoln and Grant from giving away the fruits of victory, prevented the rehabilitation of secession, and kept President Johnson from seizing the army and bringing on another revolu- tion. These claims will show that the viewpoint of the author is that of the Radicals in Congress, and consequently of extreme hostility to Johnson. Although a less partisan view would be desired by the general public in these days of restored good feeling, undoubtedly the stand of the author is precisely that which Stanton would have wished to be taken. He was always a partisan and never a moderate. timely and A committee of the Cobden Club forceful plea of London puts forth The Burden for Peace. of Armaments, a Plea for Re trenchment,' with the imprint of Mr. Fisher Unwin, but otherwise anonymous, at a moment when the world seems to have gone mad in its desire to prepare for the greatest wars. The dis- proportion between this evil rivalry in the hearts of the rulers of all so-called civilized nations, and the little book put out in all wisdom and sanity as an antidote to it, is reminiscent of Wil- liam Lloyd Garrison's earlier attacks upon slav- ery, and might be considered ridiculous if one did not recall that noble encouragement to right- eous men when the mob clamors without, One with God makes a majority. But the book under consideration is much more than a mere recall to right feeling: it is no less an appeal to com- mon sense. Arguing from the history of naval expenditures in the immediate past, it shows the unwisdom of doing what the American nation is now doing,-building numbers of battleships and armored cruisers, with the certainty that a few years will find them antiquated and ineffi- cient. It shows the folly of international panics, which are artfully used by the lovers of war for increasing their preparations. More particularly it illustrates the vicious circle in which interna- tional emulation is going, as in the following paragraph: 'In the past nine years, Great Brit- ain has constructed a larger tonnage of vessels of war than the aggregate of France, Russia, and Germany, in the proportion of 933,000 to 847,000 tons, a difference of. 86,000 tons or 10 per cent; in 1904 we were constructing at the rate of 153,000 tons as compared with 130,000 of the three other Powers, an excess of 18 per cent. It cannot, therefore, be contended that this coun- try has followed the lead of other naval Powers. The truer statement would be that only constant increases of naval expenditures have been induce- ments to other Powers to follow our lead.' The book is for thinking men-and for all who make more than a pretense of believing in Jesus Christ as the Prince of Peace. The timely little volume is imported for the American market by A. Wes- sels & Co., New York. Main currents in The fourth volume of 'Main Cur- 19th century rents in Nineteenth Century Litera- Uiterature. ture,' the great critical work of Dr. George Brandes, has for its special subject Naturalism in England,' and has now been added to the translation in course of publication by the Macmillan Co. Since the fifth volume has already preceded this one in publication, but one more remains to complete the translation of the entire work. The author's introduction to this section of his series runs as follows: 'It is my intention to trace in the poetry of England of the 1905.] 19 THE DIAL first decades of this century, the course of the covery and final settlement, and closing with the strong, deep, pregnant current in the intellectual admission of the state to the Union in 1846. The life of the country, which, sweeping away the aụthor has hit upon a novel field, since no one has classic forms and conventions, produces a natural hitherto written exclusively of that part of the ism dominating the whole of literature, which from Louisiana Purchase which became the State of naturalization leads to radicalism, from revolt Iowa. Nor has he made a mere compilation of against traditional convention in literature to statistics in the usual fashion of state histories. vigorous rebellion against religious and political There is enough of the personality of Indian, ex- reaction, and which bears in its bosom the germs plorer, settler, and territorial official, to make a of all the liberal ideas and emancipatory achieve living story. A vast amount of information is ments of the later periods of European civiliza- given in this condensed and readable shape. The tion. There needs only this statement of the author has been identified with Iowa for nearly theme, as the author conceives it, to make clear sixty years, and is qualified to speak with the fact that the task is one after his own heart, authority. But so broad is his view, that the book and that the present volume, even more than the will undoubtedly prove as interesting and valuable others, reflects his own positive and aggressive to the people of all the states as to those con- critical personality. And the volume, although nected with Iowa. Topics like the admission written in 1875, is still surprisingly fresh in its of Missouri as a slave state, the Black Hawk war treatment. It takes us out of the ruts into which and others, are of national interest. Extracts our native criticism has fallen, and gives us the from relations of early voyagers and pioneers European point of view, enforced by many appo-. are interspersed with the text, giving additional site allusions from other literatures and from vividness to the narrative. contemporary history. It is one of its author's most brilliant performances, and we have renewed, A text-book of 'Elements of Psy- Elements of in scanning this translation, much of the enthusi- chology,' recently added to the con- psychology. astic interest with which we first read the volume siderable group that reflects the nearly thirty years ago. present-day interest in the subject, brings as its distinctive contribution the emphasis upon the Manual of Mr. A. L. Clarke's 'Essays on In- practical reaction which the student is induced to practical dexing,' which have been running make to the principles set before him. The indexing. through several numbers of “The author is Professor Thorndike, of the Teachers' Library World' for the past couple of years, now College of Columbia University, who brings to his appear in separate form under the title “Manual task vigor and insight, as well as the practical of Practical Indexing' (Library Supply Company, temper of one engaged in training teachers. By London), but re-cast and condensed, and with the constant facing of questions and exercises, the much 'additional material. Both literary and student is compelled to assume an active attitude commercial indexing are treated, with many use to the pages of his text, and to reinterpret in the ful examples. About a quarter of the volume is light of experience and reflections the conclusions devoted to the indexing of periodical literature; which are embodied in accepted psychological doc- in addition to the general chapter on the indexing trine. Particularly for introductory study does of works, special treatment is accorded to bibli this method possess advantages, although it inevi- ography and history; as examples of commercial tably deprives the text of a desirable literary indexing are offered price catalogues, business value and consistent exposition. Admitting the directories, and correspondence. The last part is pertinence of the method (and there are doubtless devoted to "The Mechanical Production of In many classes in need of this form of stimulation), dexes,' and is largely a plea for the card sys one obtains from a survey of the pages an impres- tem against the old-fashioned leaf system,-a sion of decided appreciation of the students' rather unnecessary waste of thunder. An inter needs and shortcomings, and likewise of the prob- esting appendix offers a sketch of the early his able success with which the work will meet the tory of the card system. The book supplies a needs of the situation. The excellence and com- much-needed guide to a kind of work that still is pleteness of the chapters on the nervous system characterized by much carelessness and lack of deserve special commendation. The book is pub- method. “If only,' the author says, 'systema- lished by A. G. Seiler, New York. tized methods could be brought to bear upon the production of such indexes, the results would be Prince Kropotkin's work on 'Rus- of Russian more uniform and less unequal in value.' sian Literature' (McClure) is based literature. upon a course of lectures given by First Free State Slightly belated in comparison with the author four years ago at the Lowell Institute. of Louisiana the many volumes recently appear The lectures were eight in number, and the work Purchase. ing on the Louisiana Purchase, yet is in eight corresponding chapters, eked out by warranted by additional matter on a kindred sub such additional matter as was necessary to make ject, is a most attractive little volume by Dr. Wil the historical treatment reasonably complete. It liam Salter, entitled, 'Iowa, the First Free State is essentially a history of the modern literature, in the Louisiana Purchase.' (McClurg & Co.) for only one of the chapters is devoted to a survey It is really a brief sketch of early Iowa history, of works and writers anterior to Pushkin. Follow- treated through the various ownerships which the ing the discussion of the eight writers upon whom trans-Mississippi region underwent between dis attention is chiefly focussed, we have a chapter The mine 20 [July 1 THE DIAL on the drama, another on the folk-novelists, and a final chapter on political literature and criti- cism. Of the great national literature which is thus surveyed, the author speaks as follows: 'Russian literature is a rich mine of original poetic thought. It has a freshness and youthful- ness which is not found to the same extent in older literatures. It has, moreover, a sincerity and simplicity of expression which render it all the more attractive to the mind that has grown sick of literary artificiality. And it has this distinctive feature, that it brings within the domain of art—the poem, the novel, the drama- nearly all those questions, social and political, which in Western Europe and America, at least in our present generation, are discussed chiefly in the political writings of the day, but seldom in literature.' Prince Kropotkin has given us a work of absorbing interest, colored, no doubt, by his own political philosophy, but discriminat- ing and profound in its judgment of æsthetic values. Of the English language, as his readers well know, he is an absolute master. Accustomed as we are to centre all The art of the Greek painters. forms of Greek artistic activity in architecture and sculpture, it is with some surprise that we find Miss Irene Weir has ventured to write a book on 'The Greek Painters' Art' (Ginn). But, fortunately, the author justifies her attempt by awakening her readers' interest in various related subjects, such as Greek painting, vase painting, color as applied to architecture and sculpture, portrait, mosaic, and mural painting. Miss Weir possesses a de- lightful enthusiasm for the Greek painters' art, supported by knowledge of ancient and modern archæological writings as well as a familiarity with art works. Of the two sources of infor- mation, literature and extant works, the latter source is far more attractive, and as the author says, the actual remains, such as Greek vases, mosaic and wall paintings, furnish us with the most interesting proof of the Greek painters' art. It is these works that Miss Weir describes mostly in detail. introduction and a glossary (both very extensive), besides the usual notes. The selections given are numerous, and are classified according to the dialects which they represent. A new edition, with additions, of Professor Rich- ard T. Ely's "The Labor Movement in America, comes to us from the Macmillan Co. The original of this work is now nearly twenty years old. Taine's Voyage aux Pyrénées,' edited by Mr. William Robertson, is published' by Mr. Henry Frowde in the Oxford Modern French Series' of texts. ‘Fairy Tales Every Child Should Know,' pub- lished by Messrs. Doubleday, Page & Co., is a selec- tion of the best fairy tales of all times and of all authors, made by Dr. Hamilton Wright Mabie, who also contributes an introduction. There is nothing to indicate the sources of the text, or even the authorship in such a case as that of “The Ugly Duckling.' Specimens of the Elizabethan Drama,' edited by Professor W. H. Williams, is published by Mr. Henry Frowde at the Oxford Clarendon Press. It is a thick volume, covering the period from Lyly to Shirley, and supplied with many notes. Being sup- plementary to Lamb's 'Specimens,' it avoids the passages contained in that work, and also omits Shakespeare for obvious reasons. ‘La Critica Letteraria nel Rinascimento' (Bari: Laterza) is a translation of Dr. Joel E. Spingarn's work published some four years ago. The author has supplied certain corrections and additions, and contributes an avvertenza of several pages. The translation is by Dr. Antonio Fusco, and Sig. Bene- detto Croce, the distinguished Italian critic, prefaces the volume with a few pages of commentary. NOTES. * Evidence in Athenian Courts,' by Dr. Robert J. Bonner, is a recent pamphlet from the University of Chicago Press. Nature Study Lessons for Primary Grades,' by Mrs. Lida B. McMurry, is a recent school publication of the Macmillan Co. "The Art of Writing and Speaking the English Language,' being a 'Dictionary of Errors,' by Mr. Sherwin Cody, is a booklet published by the old Greek Press, Chicago. The 'Hamlet' volume has just been issued in the *First Folio' edition of Shakespeare, published by the Messrs. Crowell. Misses Charlotte Porter and Helen A. Clarke are the editors of this, as of the preceding volumes. "A Middle English Reader,' edited by Dr. Oliver Farrar Emerson, has just been published by the Mac- millan Co. The apparatus includes a grammatical TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. July, 1905. Ants, Agricultural. H. C. McCook. Harper. Argentina. John Barrett. Rev. of Revietos. Autocracy and War. Joseph Conrad. No. American. Bonaparte, A, at Head of American Navy. Rev. of Revs. Chateaux of Chambord, Chaumont, etc. Century. Copyright, U. S., and International Relations. No. Amer. Criticism and Mr. Saintsbury. Ferris Greenslet. Atlantic. Degeneration, Physical, in Great Britain. No. American. Democracy, Practical School of. I. F. Marcosson. W. Wk. Drake, Francis, Romantic Adventures of. A. Laut. Harp. Eastern War, Some Results of the. Chester Holcombe, Al. Educational and Charitable Work, Publicity in. No. Am. Express Companies, Publicity for. F. H. Nixon. Atlantic. Fares, Street Railway. H. S. Knowlton. Rev. of Revs. Fortunes, Large. J. Laurence Laughlin. Atlantic. Freight Rates Made by the Railroads. Rev. of Reviews. German Art, Secession Movement in. A. Kinross. Century. Gravitation and the Ether. C. W. Saleeby. Harper. History, the Outlook in. William R. Thayer. Atlantic. India, Political Future of. Sir Henry Cotton. No. Amer. Ireland, Industrial Situation in. J. W. Root. No. Amer. Jones, John Paul. Charles Henry Lincoln. Rev. of Rev. Kilby, John, Narrative of. Scribner. La Follette Railroad Law in Wisconsin. Rev. of Reviews. Le Notre and Its Garderis. Beatrix Jones. Scribner. Libraries for Everybody. Herbert Putnam. World's Wk. Life Insurance Companies, Present Supervision of. N. Am. Life Insurance, the Wrong Way and Right Way. W. Wk. Liszt, Franz, and Princess Carolyne. G. Kobbé. No. Am. Marriage and Divorce. Elizabeth Carpenter. 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An informal discussion of their significant work by EDWARD EVERETT HALE, JR. Gilt top, 12mo. $1.50 net. By mail, $1.62. Besides the papers on the dramatists mentioned, the volume contains one on “Standards of Criticism," and another on “Our Idea of Tragedy.” A 16-page circular, with sample pages, will be sent on application. Dial — "Noteworthy examples of literary criticism in one of the most interesting of literary fields . . . provide a menu of the most interesting character. . . . Has a naiveté of style that is engaging, and he establishes confidential relations with the reader from the start. . . . Very definite opinions, clearly reasoned and amply fortified by example. . . . Well worth reading a second time." New York Evening Post — “It is not often nowadays that a theatrical book can be met with so free from gush and more eulogy, or so weighted by common sense. ... An excellent chronological appendix and full index ... uncommonly useful for reference." 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An original, whimsical, scintillating book, not without boart interest. The quaint characters include the unsophisticated Venus of Cadiz (Ky.), a lovelorn six-footer, proprietor of some mushroom caves, Pap, Pup, and Pete. (Just issued.) $1.50. Williamson's THE PRINCESS PASSES Fifth printing. Sinclair's THE DIVINE FIRE Seventh printing Wilson's PEDAGOGUES AND PARENTS Second printing THE DIAL PRESS, FINE ARTS BUILDING, CHICAGO $1.50. $1.25 net. By mail, $1.37. THE DIAL A SEMI-MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. EDITED BY FRANCIS F. BROWNE. Volume XXXIX. No. 458. CHICAGO, JULY 16, 1905. 82. a year. els. a copy. | FINE ARTS BUILDING, 203 Michigan Blvd. THE BEST SUMMER READING LETTERS ITALIAN LETTERS OF A DIPLOMAT'S WIFE by MARY K. WADDINGTON Full of glimpses of interesting people and delightful places. - New York Tribune. Illustrated. $2.50 net, postage 20 cents, RICHARD WAGNER TO MATHILDE WESENDONCK Translated by WILLIAM A. 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Illustrated. $1.50. - Brooklyn Times. AT CLOSE RANGE by F. HOPKINSON SMITH In this book every story is a delight - Philadelphia Public Ledger. Illustrated. $1.50. CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, NEW YORK THE [July 16, DIAL 26 AN INDISPENSABLE BOOK FOR EVERY READER Right Reading WORDS OF GOOD COUN- SEL ON THE CHOICE AND USE OF BOOKS, SELECTED FROM TEN FAMOUS AUTHORS OF THE 19TH CENTURY. SOME of the most notable things which distinguished writers of the nineteenth century have said in praise of books and by way of advice as to what books to read are here reprinted. Every line has something golden in it. - New York Times Saturday Review. ANY one of the ten authors represented would be a sate guide, to the extent of the ground that he covers ; but the whole ten must include very nearly everything that can judiciously be said in regard to the use of books. --Hartford Courant. THE editor shows rare wisdom and good sense in his selec- tions, which are uniformly helpful.- Boston Transcript. THERE is so much wisdom, so much inspiration, so much that is practical and profitable for every reader in these pages, that if the literary impulse were as strong in us as the religious impulse is in some people we would scatter this little volume broadcast as a tract.- New York Commercial Advertiser. K BEAUTIFULLY PRINTED AT THE MERRYMOUNT PRESS Red cloth, gilt top, uncut, 80 cts, net. Half calf or half morocco, $2.00 net. A. C. MCCLURG & CO., PUBLISHERS, CHICAGO MR. GERALD STANLEY LEE introduces (to The Rockies, The Andes, and The Missis- sippi Valley, and to all Hills, Valleys, and Cities) MOUNT TOM AN ALL OUTDOORS MAGAZINE DEVOTED TO REST AND WORSHIP, TO A LITTLE LOOK- OFF ON THE WORLD, AND TO RELIEVING ONE'S MIND EDITED BY MR. LEE. MONTHLY. SUBSCRIPTION $1.00 A YEAR Address Mount Tom PRESS, Northampton, Massachusetts WHAT WAS THE LOST END OF F.? ST. MARK'S GOSPEL See HIBBERT JOURNAL for July The Other Articles in this Number are: IMPRESSIONS OF CHRISTIANITY FROM THE POINTS OF VIEW OF NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS. 1. The Synoptic Gospels and the Jewish Consciousness. By C. G. MONTEFIORE. SHOULD AGNOSTICS BE MISERABLE? G. M. TRE- VELYAN MR. MEREDITH ON RELIGION. The Rev. JAMES MOFFATT, D.D. The OOD OF SPINOZA, AS INTERPRETED By HERDER. Prof. A. C. McGIFFERT. IS THE Age OF FAITH RETURNINO? The Rev. JOHN HUTTON, M.A. SIR OLIVER LODGE ON HAECKEL. JOSEPH MCCABE. THE BIRTH OF A SOUL? OSCAR WILDE (The Closing Phase). Prof. HUGH WALKER, M.A. LL.D. WHAT WAS THE LOST END OF ST. MARK'S GOSPEL? TORKILD SKAT RORDAM, C. T. University of Copenhagen. THE TEACHING OF THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS: A PLEA FOR REFORM. Mrs. BEVERLEY USSHER. Anuual subscriptions, which may commence with any number, $2.50, post free. Single numbers, 75 cents, post free. Subscriptions are booked and single numbers sold by 0. B. Stechert & Co., 129-133 West Twentienth Street, New York. The International News Co., 83 and 85 Duane St., New York. The American Unitarian Association, 25 Beacon St., Boston From any good bookseller, or WILLIAMS & NORGATE 14 Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London, W. C. The magazine is to take the form of personal impressions — mostly those of the editor, and is to be entirely written and dated from the Mountain. The editor is not attempting to do with Mount Tom what Thoreau did with Walden or Words- worth with Rydal Mount, but he confesses every time he looks at Mount Tom he would like to, and he would like to see mountains get started among magazines in this country — the freer, more open mood in writing, the general outdoor spirit and point of view, 1905.] 27 THE DIAL Historic Highways of America Dirt Cheap If you buy soon, before the boom begins Irrigated Lands Farming Lands Stock Ranches Rice Lands Fruit Farms Truck Farms By ARCHER BUTLER HULBERT A series of monographs on the History of America as portrayed in the evolution of its highways of War, Commerce, and Social Expansion. Comprising the following volumes: Paths of the Mound-Building Indians and Great Game Animals. Indian Thoroughfares. Washington's Road: The First Chapter of the Old French War. Braddock's Road, The Old Glade (Forbes's) Road. Boone's Wilderness Road. Portage Paths : The Keys of the Continent. Military Roads of the Mississippi Basin. Waterways of Westward Expansion. The Cumberland Road. Pioneer Roads of America (two volumes). The Great American Canals (two volumes). The Future of Road-Making in America. Index. In sixteen volumes, crown 8vo, cloth, uncut, gilt tops. A limited edition only printed direct from type and the type distributed. Each volume handsomely printed in large type on Dickinson's hand- made paper, and illustrated with maps, plates, and facsimiles. Price for the set, $39.00. "As in the prior volumes, the general effect is that of a most ontertaining series. The charm of the style is evident." - American Historical Review. “Hin style is graphic and effective ... an invaluable contribution to the makings of American History." - New York Evening Post. “Should All an important and hitherto unoccupied place in American historical literature." -The Dial. Full desoriptive circular mailed on application. THE ARTHUR H. 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BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE Compiled by Nina E. BROWNE Five hundred numbered copies. Each $5. net, postpaid. SEND FOR DESCRIPTIVE CIRCULAR LIBRARY DEPARTMENT A. C. MCCLURG & CO. CHICAGO HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY 4 Park St., Boston 85 Fifth Ave., New York 28 [July 16, 1905. THE DIAL THE NEW MACMILLAN BOOKS Mr. A. V. Dicey's illuminating new book on The Relation between Law and Public Opinion in England During the Nineteenth Century The author of the "Introduction to the study of the Law of the Constitution" gives new meaning and interest to what seems a mass of illogical enactment, by bringing its development into relation with the course of modern thought. Cloth, 8vo, 602 pp. 83.00 net (postage 19c.) Professor William C. Bagley's The Educative Process by the Vice-President and Director of Training in Montana Normal College, presents a comprehensive view of the task to be accomplished by the School. 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ASK YOUR BOOKSELLER OR NEWSDEALER TO SHOW YOU Macmillan's Popular Series of Twenty-five Cent Novels These include the best fiction of modern times, novels by Mrs. HUMPHRY WARD, WINSTON CHURCHILL, H. G. WELLS, A. E. W. MASON, and others. We shall esteem it a favor if you will ask to see these novels, 17 of which are now ready. THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, 64-66 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. INTERED AT THE CHICAGO POSTOFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER BY THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. PAGE . . THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of or another of these young men, describing the each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 a year in advance, postage conditions of his student life, and inevitably prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must making comparisons of some sort with the con- be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the ditions of life in the American university. current number. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by express or One of the most frank and instructive of these postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application; reports is from Mr. Paul Nixon, the first and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES furnished Rhodes scholar from Connecticut, and it has on application. All communications should be addressed to recently been published in the Review of THE DIAL, Fino Arts Building, Chicago. Reviews.' Some of Mr. Nixon's observations are certainly of a nature to inspire reflection, and even to awaken in our minds grave doubts No. 458. JULY 16, 1905. Vol. XXXIX. concerning the efficacy of our own educational methods. CONTENTS. Mr. Nixon's first impression of his new university world was that the Oxonian spent AMERICA AT OXFORD. 29 most of his time in cultivating athletics and the social amenities, regarding his studies as GREEK THINKERS AND THEIR PHILOSOPHY. Paul Shorey 31 a matter of secondary importance. Yet in spite of this surface indication to the con- AN INVESTIGATION OF LYNCHING IN THE trary, Englishman achieved UNITED STATES Walter L. Fleming 34 scholastic standard which his American rival TWO RECENT BOOKS ON THE FAR EAST. found it difficult to equal. This paradox was H. Parker Willis . 36 eventually explained away by the discovery A NEW HISTORY OF ENGLAND. E. D. Adams 38 that the English student works harder at his reading during the long vacation than during RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne . 40 term, and, taking the year round, has rather Frenssen's Jorn Uhl, — Wilbrandt's A New Hu- more to show for his efforts than the Ameri- manity.—Quiller-Couch's Shining Ferry. Sturgis' can student, who would scoff at the idea of Belchamber. — Sturmsee. - Scott's The Walking Delegate. — Wise's The Lion's Skin. — Mitchell's wasting his play-time in study. Constance Trescott. Of the general equipment which the two classes of students bring to their work, the BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 43 following is said: Modern lights on Puritanic characters. — Miss • The conviction is being pungently forced upon Corelli speaks her mind. — A new expositor of us Rhodians that in many respects the amount of Browning. - Southern colonial history. - Literary information we've assimilated is not to be com- trifles light as air. -Oregon Trail, and life in the pared with that of the brighter of our cousins. new country.—A study of 20th century children. It is a fact that in general reading the more stu- Cranmer and the English Reformation. dious Oxonian has us at his mercy; in every form NOTES 46 of classical scholarship, except that of painstaking investigation of minute obscurities, a favorite pas- LIST OF NEW BOOKS 47 time in Germany and America, we are down and the young а . • . out.") AMERICA AT OXFORD. The interesting experiment, made possible by the testament of the late Cecil Rhodes, of bringing a selected body of American students into relations with the university life of Oxford, has now been in operation for a year, and forty-three young men from this country, representing the same number of states and territories, have been enrolled during that period as members of the several colleges. From time to time we get a report from one In matters of art and literature, particularly, the difference is enormous. "The ordinary American collegian, maybe, has heard such names as Murillo and Titian, He's an exception if even the names come to his mind spon- taneously. Even our college glee-club members are occasionally unable to tell how Mozart differs from Wagner, while, so far as the majority of our collegians can say, Michael Angelo and Dante might have been compatriots, contemporaries, and compeers.' But of these subjects the young Englishman can speak with some degree of intelligence as & matter of course. 'In knowledge of artists, 30 [July 16, THE DIAL he says: ancient and modern, and in appreciation of the American Rhodes scholar finds himself at their productions, we American collegians, a disadvantage all along the line. The stu- as a class, are immeasurably inferior to the dent of science is in the best case, for he at Oxonians.' least, in his chosen field. is able to outshine Once put this situation squarely before the his English rival, although even among his American pedagogue, to whom machinery is scientific Oxonian acquaintances he is apt to the essential thing about education, and he be a silent partner in conversation' when will offer the only remedy of which his mind topics related to general culture are up for can conceive more elementary courses in discussion. The student of law finds himself more subjects than ever before, and a still in much the same position as the classical greater wasting of the educational energies.student, for he rarely has, what his English We have already tried the experiment with fellow-student almost invariably has, an ade- literature, and are raising up a generation to quate equipment in the combined study of which the name of literature will evermore ancient and modern history, economics, phi- be hateful. Try it with painting and sculp- losophy, and classical literature, which the ture and music, and we shall achieve a similar additional reading of modern literature so result. If the English example teaches us readily follows.' And even as a preparation anything, it is that the area covered by the for intelligent citizenship the English system, work of the schools is not the all-important which we which we so lightly stigmatize as narrow, consideration, but rather the thoroughness approves itself by its results. A comparison with which the particular work is done, com between the university graduates who are mem- bined with the relegation to other times and bers, respectively, of the House of Commons places of those studies which the healthy and the House of Representatives, would not minded young person needs no artificial stimu be at all agreeable to our national sense of lus to pursue. self-esteem. The English student turns, 'quite The writer thus puts his finger upon a very as a matter of course, from Demosthenes to serious fault of our educational system when Chamberlain's latest speech, — or, rather, from the latter to Demosthenes, — for knowledge of 'Swamped by a great number of subjects, in his current affairs is evidently considered to be of pre-collegiate days especially, such as a juvenile paramount importance. The American stu- form of astronomy and geology, the American boy is apt to become temporarily interested in one and dent does nothing of the sort, as we know full then another of these studies, and to devote his well; it is even doubtful if he reads anything odd hours to out-of-school reading on his momen more than the headlines of the speech, by tary hobby rather than to reading Scott, Dickens, which we mean, of course, the analogue of the or Thackeray. This is all very well if he has any decided taste for one or two of these subject's speech in the demagogic oratory of our own which may develope with advancing years. Such country. is often the case, to be sure, but far oftener he The comparisons made inevitable by the loses his puerile interest in successive ephemeral Rhodes experiment are far from flattering to favorites; forgets all but the last; and, finally, discovers his life-work without having the knowl- us, but they should be salutary for correction. edge of literature that attends so naturally a more And it must be remembered that our short- confined field of study in which the literature of comings are emphasized by the fact that the the ancients is the most prominent feature.' American Rhodes scholar has had from two In the last words of this passage we find the to four years more training of some sort than secret of the Englishman's success in pro the English youth with whom he is brought ducing men of real culture under his univer into competition. We have in the past made sity system. what protest we could against this perversion "The Englishman does not get glimmerings of of the Rhodes trust, and that question does countless subjects throughout his pre-collegiate not now concern us. But the condition result- days or in college. What he gets first he keeps ing from it gives added point to any such getting repeated doses of, and at the completion of his university course in Literæ Humaniores he exhibition as is made by Mr: Nixon's report, is saturated with literature, philosophy, history, and by the other reports of similar tenor that and economics, ancient and modern.' have come to us since the American invasion In no way, we believe, will the influence of of Oxford. of Oxford. If the English schoolboy just the Rhodes foundation turn out to be farther entering college is more seriously educated reaching than in thus providing, for an ever than the American student who is at least half increasing number of picked young Americans, way through his college work, the fact cannot this comparative object-lesson in the respective be too widely advertised, and we cannot any aims and results of the university systems of too soon set about discovering the causes of the two countries. the difference and seeking for the desired Mr. Nixon is candid enough to admit that / remedy. 1905.] 31 THE DIAL a The New Books. He knows that Xenophon, writing years after the death of the master, puts into his mouth his own favorite moral commonplaces and ob- GREEK THINKERS AND THEIR servations of oriental travel; and that the un- PHILOSOPHY.* impeachable testimony of Aristotle is confined Professor Gomperz's Greek Thinkers' is a to a few points, such as the method of in- duction and definition, and the principle that more readable, but, except in the omission of to know the right is to will it. In the divin- philological detail, not more superficial atory edification of a special Socratic philo- history of Greek Philosophy than the exhaust- sophy, he is far more sober than Zeller, not to ive treatise of Zeller. In a review of the first speak of the fantastic hypotheses of Joel's volume (THE DIAL, Aug. 16, 1901), I pointed real and Xenophontic Socrates.' It would out some of the author's eminent qualifications for his task,—his brilliant if not always pure necessity of saying something interesting has therefore be hypercritical to insist that the style, his instinct for the vivid and character- led even Professor Gomperz to affirm more istic trait, the breadth and discursive range than we know. Let us rather, whatever our of his thought and reading, his quick, some- times super-subtle, apprehension of modern sceptical reservations, accept with thanks his illuminating discussion of such topics as the analogies, and last but not least his frank Socratic method; the true psychological sig- adoption of the point of view of positive nificance of the faith that no man errs volun- science. These qualities are still manifest in the second volume—which now appears as tarily; the doctrine, perhaps more Platonic Volumes II. and III. of the English trans- than Socratic, that virtue is inseparable from lation,—though there is perhaps less opportu- happiness; the application of the utilitarian test to ethical and political laws; the extent nity for their display in an analytic résumé of Socrates' religious faith or scepticism; and of the Platonic dialogues than there was in the the nature of the famous dæmonion or inward rapid panorama of the picturesque personalities monitor. of the Pre-Socratic philosophers and sophists. Two introductory chapters interpret the The brilliant chapter on Socrates' end is a notable illustration of Professor Gomperz's spirit and temper of the age as revealed in the purposed if not forced picturesqueness. An Athenian dramatists, and in the constitution aged Athenian, who has unexpectedly met a and ideals of the democratic empire of Athens. In the third chapter we pass to the Life and foreign friend in the market-place, is made Work of Socrates. Professor Gomperz's for- the dramatic mouthpiece of the sentiments of the dicasts who cast into the urn the counters mula for “this prodigious historical phenome- non’ is that he was a heart of mighty power with a thick axle through them. The aged working with all its force to keep the head Athenian discourses mostracily in tags of His pregnant gar- above it cool, as a steam engine may give Aristophanes and Plato. a steam engine may give rulity recalls the style of the eloquent barber motion to a refrigerating machine.' So Emer- Nello, in 'Romola,' whose speeches George son says of Plato, ‘Nothing can be colder than Eliot enriched with the contents of her Floren- his head, when the lightnings of his imagi- tine notebooks. And it is perhaps captious to nation are playing in the skyThese images point to the eternal fascination of the unex- observe that he quotes a sentence from the ampled union in Plato and the Platonic So * Republic of Plato written some thirty years later. crates of intellectual clarity with emotional When a German specialist sets out to depth and mystic fervor. There is not & be popular he makes not only culture but rhetoric “hum.' On that fine Spring morning trace of this quality in the Xenophontic So- crates, nor in the brief matter-of-fact allusions (of the trial) in the year 399 B. C., we are of Aristotle. We infer what Socrates must told: “The dewdrops glittered brightly as on have been from his supreme disciple, and we other days in the cups of the Anemones; the cannot bring ourselves to think or speak of violets shed their wonted fragrance.' The him except in the phrases of those four books trial scene itself reminds us of Macaulay's of the Platonic gospel, the Gorgias, the Apol- Warren Hastings: 'There might be seen the ogy, the Crito, and the Phædo. Professor massive brow of Plato, -the elegant and fash- Gomperz is aware of all this. He knows, to ionable Aristippus can hardly have been ab- sent or Antisthenes his resolute face framed in quote Emerson once more, that 'Socrates and Plato are the double star which the most pow- shaggy hair! Excellent in its way, this is erful instruments will not entirely separate.' the Corinthian rather than the Attic manner; Plato can be eloquent on occasion; but this is .GREEK THINKERS. A History of Ancient Philosophy. how he conveys plain matter-of-fact: ‘Of By Theodor Gomperz. by Laurie Magnus. native Athenians there were, besides Apollo- Volumes II. and III. Translated New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 32 [July 16, THE DIAL dorus, Critobulus and his father Crito, Her earlier' dialogues display real and not merely mogenes, Epigenes, Aeschines, Antisthenes; dramatic immaturity of thought, or the ‘lat- likewise Ctesippus of the deme of Paeania, est' group of dialogues modify the doctrine Menexenus, and some others; Plato, if I am of the Republic the Symposium or the Phædo. not mistaken was ill.' The minor dialogues together with the Pro- But despite the naïveté of the rhetoric, the tagoras are discussed under the heading ‘Plato chapter on the whole is the most vivid and as an investigator of ethical concepts. In these entertaining presentment of the subject with works of Plato’s ‘Socratic period, Professor which I am acquainted. The analysis of the Gomperz finds no trace of the doctrine of Platonic · Apology' is subtle and discriminat- metaphysical ideas or of Orphic and Pythag- ing, and the balance of a sympathetic and im orean influence. He judiciously admits that partial historic criticism is applied to the many of the apparent fallacies and failures to tragic antithesis of Socrates' fidelity to his conclude are merely dramatic. But he no- ideal mission and the conservative instincts where fairly meets the main argument for of the Athenian dicasts. Plato's comparative maturity of thought even The larger part of these volumes is natur in these dramatic studies, namely the fact that ally devoted to Plato. Professor Gomperz the grasp of the subject exhibited in Plato's wisely recognizes in his preface that the ex subtle and systematic canvassing of antithetic traction of a Platonic system from the philos-points of view is inexplicable on the hypothesis opher's writings was an impossible task. Ac that he is merely fumbling and feeling his cordingly, after the usual introductory chap way. ters on Plato's life, works, and dialectical The arguments and the dramatic movement method, he gives us, in place of Zeller's system of the Protagoras and Gorgias are excellently atic exposition, a free analysis and interpre set forth. The myth attributed to Protagoras tation of the chief dialogues in the order of is aptly characterized as a 'species of caricature their probable composition, and, as he believes, common to Plato and Aristophanes which of the development of Plato's thought. The rivals or outbids the burlesqued author in his analyses are of necessity less detailed and own peculiar excellences.' The Gorgias is searching than those already accessible to assumed to be a reply to the attack of the English readers in the works of Grote and sophist Polycrates upon the memory of So- Jowett. But unlike these they are unified by crates, and Plato's embittered mood is explained a definite conception of the progressive evolu by the vogue of that diatribe and the triumph tion and the phases of the Platonic philosophy of the party of Anytus under the leadership Professor Gomperz assumes that such an evo of the demagogue Agyrrhius. In his treat- lution is a priori probable, and that it has ment of the main problem—the apparent con- been in fact demonstrated by the special re tradiction between the utilitarian hedonism of searches of the past twenty years. I have re the Protagoras and the eloquent denunciation cently sustained the contrary thesis. Stated of the 'apolaustic' life in the Gorgias,-Pro- in these general terms, the question is a logom fessor Gomperz is misled by his determination achy. But to be more specific, it is quite con to find development' in Plato, and by his ceivable that Plato's extant works were written assumption that Plato failed to perceive flaws after he had reached the age of thirty or in logic that are obvious to the modern school-. thirty-five, and his thought had assumed as boy. Many facts are known to us which Plato definitive a form as had that of Schopenhauer could not know. But the first lesson for the or Herbert Spencer at a like age. And if interpreter to learn is that he only makes a this is the case, it is also conceivable that the spectacle of himself to Gods and men by contradictions which modern critics dis apologizing for the ‘immature logic' of the cover in the dialogues are due quite as often subtlest and most consistent dialectician in to their own wistfulness as to Plato's 'incon literature. However divergent in mood and stancy. At any rate, it is a pretty question dramatic suggestion, the Gorgias does not, for debate. There is a general agreement that strictly speaking, contradict the Protagoras the minor dramatic pictures of Socratic con and Philebus. The sophistical refutation of versations with Athenian youths are the sophistical thesis that pleasure is unquali- whole early, and that the abstruse and severe fiedly the good is merely the starting point of Sophist, Statesman, and Philebus are proved an eloquent denunciation of the æsthetic politi- by their style to form a later group with the cal and social ideals of the relaxed and pleas- Timæus and the Laws. The debate has turned ure loving democracy that had put Socrates to mainly (1) on the relative dates of the Re death and was now drifting towards the ship- public and the other great dialogues of Plato's wreck of Chæronea. There is no direct re- maturity; and (2) on the extent to which the futation of the utilitarian doctrine that the as 1905.] 33 THE DIAL - - ---- good' might conceivably be calculated as the This, as I have elsewhere shown, is the only preponderance of pleasure over pain achieved interpretation that makes sense of the Repub- by the eschewing of unwholesome or bad lic. It has the further recommendation that pleasures. But the hedonistic calculus drily it is not only true to Plato's meaning, but described in the Protagoras is repugnant to expresses an eternal truth. It will have to be Plato's feelings as it is to those of all moral accepted sometime. ists who care as much for edification as for With Professor Gomperz's treatment of the analysis. He thought that there were better more difficult metaphysical dialogue,- Par- ways of expressing whatever truth may be con menides, Theatetus, Sophist and Statesman,- tained in Epicurus's affirmation that the belly I feel much sympathy even when I can not is the seat of happiness. He would probably wholly concur. His point of view is essen- have found a way to qualify or paraphrase the tially that of Mill and Grote qualified by the more imposing modern generalization that German specialists' acquaintance with recent all ethical impulses are in the last resort re investigations of Platonic chronology. His ducible to hunger and the reproductive in discussion of being and not being, the one and stinct, and he would certainly have found no the many, the whole and the part, and other relish in the Benthamite formula that the glee abstract entities that weave their metaphysical of the murderer is in strict logic to be set off dance through these dialogues, is conducted in pro tanto against the sufferings of his victim the terminology of the associationist psychol- and his own dread of the gallows. The Re ogy, and not in that neo-Hegelian jargon public and the Laws accept the utilitarian which the associationist repudiates not because calculus in a sense, but reverse the order, and he cannot understand it and if need be talk proceed from virtue to happiness rather than it as well as the inventors, but because it is from pleasure to good. To make even this inherently and often intentionally equivocal. thought prominent would mar the æsthetic This is a great gain for lucidity and ration- and moral unity of tone of the Gorgias. But ality. But every method has the defects of its that some pleasures are goods is as distinctly qualities. There are certain final puzzles of recognized in Gorgias 529, as it is in the Re metaphysics (or, if you please, problems of public or Laws. Professor Gomperz's account the relation of words to ideas) which associa- of the sophisms,' by which it is proved that tionists of the school of Mill dispose of too ‘pleasure is not among the number of goods,' easily, when they do not overlook them alto- will therefore produce a wrong impression gether. And when they meet them in earlier upon the modern reader. What is disproved What is disproved writers, they assume that they arise in mere is rather that the pleasure of the moment, ir misconceptions of elementary logical and respective of its quality or consequences, is the psychological principles. This is often the good, a thesis which Callicles thereupon case. But it is emphatically not true of Plato. abandons with the remark that he maintained Intelligible philosophizing on ultimates has it only in jest. We may, if we please, cen never gone beyond his analysis. An absolute sure the dramatic episode as exaggerated and solution — the finis controversiæ is not reached, unfair caricature. It has no bearing on the because no such result is possible. The puz- quality of Plato's logic. zles are, as Plato says, an eternal malady of The 'Idea of Good,' Professor Gomperz, like the faculty of discourse of reason in man; and other modern interpreters, fails to understand, Plato's recognition of this is precisely. the and dismisses with vague unmeaning phrases. mark of his superiority to the copious and The Idea of Good may be for theology God, ingenious Professors of Philosophy who, in for cosmogony the principle of teleology, and the full light of the twentieth century, are for mysticism the beatific vision. For ethics still endeavoring to produce substantive and and politics it is a regulative, not a substan definitive systems of metaphysics. tive, concept. It is the postulate that ethical To achieve such a system was not Plato's theory and practice ought to be consistently object. His aims, literary, polemical, satirical, deduced from and referred to some supreme were many. The three most prominent were religious, philosophic or scientific sanction;' (1) to uphold against dogmatic materialism a that all political and social reform ought to vague but never concretely superstitious, spir- converge to a distinctly contemplated end; itualistic, teleological and religious view of that statesman must possess ideals and know the world; (2) to show that the doctrine of how to apply them, and that no ruler of men ideas or hypostatized general notions is conve- can apprehend or make rational use of ideals nient in logic, and is no more paradoxical in unless in addition to the discipline of affairs ontology than any other metaphysics that ad- he has received the highest education in the mits an absolute; (3) to explode all absolute culture, philosophy and science of his age. metaphysical formulas of the fifth and fourth 34 [July 16, THE DIAL centuries B.C. that stood in the way of the lacies admitted by a writer who had the men- rational use of language and the development tal grasp to conceive, to carry in his imagina- of a practical working logic. The dialogues in tion, to distribute dramatically to convincing which these results are reached are perhaps the speakers, and to combine to one far seen and greatest triumphs of the sheer reasoning sheer reasoning foregone conclusion, trains of reasoning which faculty outside of the higher mathematics and the most disciplined modern minds find it dif- astronomy. They cannot be rightly inter ficult to follow and, to judge by their com- preted so long as we misconceive their aims, ment, impossible to remember. Let such or, misconceiving them, undertake to read critics try to write a Socratic dialogue them- Plato lessons in elementary logic. Professor selves. But it is perhaps unjust to censure Gomperz's treatment of them is lucid, read Professor Gomperz especially for misapprehen- able, and often illuminating in respect to par sions which, if I am right, are common to the ticular ideas. But he has no adequate grasp of majority of professional and philological their drift as a whole. He finds the ultimate students of Plato, and have hitherto been puzzles of epistemology too simple himself, repudiated if at all only by the finer in- and cannot credit Plato with the insight which tuition and in the obiter dicta of such writers he really possessed. Like Grote, though in a as Renan, Pater and Emerson. It will be lesser degree, he is so afraid of the misuse of more fair to conclude by again emphasizing the Theaetetus by modern intuitionist oppo the superiority of Professor Gomperz's book nents of rationalism that he cannot do justice as what the editor of The Atlantic' calls a to its abiding significance as a final criticism ‘ readable proposition.' It offers not merely a of all possible absolute dogmatic materialistic cold technical enumeration of the tenets of the psychologies. 'He is so determined to find a Greek philosophers, but a broad and rational transformation of the theory of ideas in the discussion of the permanent significance of later dialogues that he is blind to the plain each great thought as it presents itself in his- fact that Plato's defense of the theory, and the toric sequence. It is thus a timely protest only possible defense of it, is that it is pref- against that divorce of philosophy from the erable to the only alternative then proposable history of philosophy which the specialism of a crude nominalism destructive of rational our age affects, but which is fatal to the in- speech and logic. And though he is partly telligent study and teaching of either. aware of Plato's third aim, the elimination PAUL SHOREY. of the fallacies of the age before logic,' he is unable to apply the principle consistently to the interpretation of the Sophist and Parme- nides. Had he done so, he would have per- AN INVESTIGATION OF LYNCHING IN THE ceived that the teaching of the two dialogues UNITED STATES. * is the same, and that it is idle to speak of a Lynch-law, as discussed in Dr. Cutler's His- progress of thought from one to the other. tory of Lynching in the United States, may The 'fallacies' of the Parmenides are deduced be defined as the popular administration of with a symmetrical exhaustiveness impossible justice without the forms of law. In tracing to any writer who had not completely thought the history of this peculiar practice, the writer out the function of the copula and the nature goes to medieval Europe for a beginning, but of negative predication as expounded in the soon transfers his account to colonial America. Sophist. For, as Plato himself elsewhere says, A lengthy chapter is given on the origin of conscious and consistent error is the sign of the terms lynch' and 'lynch-law,' from which a more gracious intellectual condition than casual and unintentional blundering. To see we learn incidentally a good deal about the early history of the institution, but do not 'the want of logical training common to the learn that the terms had any definite begin- whole age' in the confusion of the copula ‘is' nings. One chapter is devoted to the colonial with existence, and in certain illegitimate and frontier period of lynching, which lasted conversions. errors of thought which to about 1830, and another to the succeeding Plato shares with Gorgias,' is to shut the door thirty years when the practice underwent a on rational interpretation from the start. Ille- partial change and became fixed as an Ameri- gitimate conversion is clearly explained in can habit. The author thinks that lynching is the Euthyphro and the Republic, and the law peculiarly an American custom, because the of non contradiction is illustrated with the people had no long-established civil institu- utmost subtlety in the Republic. But apart tions, respect for which is inherited in old from this it is bidding defiance to all psycho- logical probability to assume that obvious dis- *LYNCH-LAW. An Investigation into the History of Lynching in the United States. By James Elbert Cutler, tinctions were overlooked or elementary fal- New York: Longmans, Green, & Co. Ph.D. 1905.] 35 THE DIAL are. able and tube ne bote the center of countries; but here the people made their law which most of the illegal executions now occur, and their officials, and it was quite natural for he omits to mention or fails to recognize cer- them to rise in their sovereign capacity and tain rather important aspects of the problem. administer justice. The historical sketch con For instance, he does not understand that, so cludes with a study of lynching during the far as the whites are concerned, the Black Belt Reconstruction period following our Civil War. is a thinly-settled frontier region, containing The final chapters discuss in detail the statis few whites among thousands of blacks. Here tics of lynchings in the last twenty years, the there is not, and for years cannot be, any real various reasons given in justification of the government. Since 1865, the negroes can be practice, and the remedies proposed. In con legally subjected to no special control. Conse- nection with the statistical studies, there are quently, 'popular justice,' from the white numerous full-page charts illustrating graphi- man's point of view, will prevail. No consid- cally the percentages and proportions of lynch-eration is given to the fact that uniformly the ings according to color, crime, sex, section, sympathy of the blacks is with the negro season of the year, etc. criminal, making detection of crime difficult. It will be of interest to examine some of The peculiar notions of equality imbibed dur- Dr. Cutler's facts and conclusions. The illit ing the Reconstruction period, from Northern eracy of a community, he says, is not an index politicians, teachers, and missionaries, are not to the number of lynchings in that community; yet eradicated, although the author thinks they in proportion to black population there are It is very doubtful if, as Dr. Cutler fewer summary executions in the Black Belt argues, lynching causes an increase of negro than in other sections of the South; lynching crime. There is no doubt of the evil effect on for crimes against women has decreased dur the white lynchers, but there is reason to ing the last twenty years, while during the believe that lynching does not induce a desire same period the illegal execution of white men in other negroes to be lynched. The statistics has decreased and that of negroes has in used are from Northern, and therefore un- creased ; lynching is becoming more and more friendly, sources, and while there is no prob- cruel in its methods, and is participated in by able doubt about the accuracy of the figures, a lower class of whites than formerly. Dr. Cutler is probably the first Northern writer fication itself is very doubtful. If a negro is who has shown an understanding of the real killed in the South, by plain murder or other- significance of the Ku Klux Movement in the wise, the North calls it lynching. The word South during the Reconstruction period. He ' lynch' has come to be a recognizes the immense difficulties under which murder,' or mistreatment of a negro, South the South labors as a result of the changes as well as North, although the notion of consequent upon emancipation and carpet-bag popular justice’ is frequently absent. An out- rule, and maintains that the South has not right murder in New York would be called a been aided in solving its problems by ignorant lynching in the South. And in connection and unfriendly criticism and interference from with the discussion of ante-bellum lawlessness the North. It is worthy of remark also that in the South it may be said that “The Libera- Dr. Cutler does not describe race prejudice as tor' and other anti-slavery organs are ques- due to slavery, but to very human instincts tionable sources of information. Lawlessness which are not confined to the South. The in other parts of the country was unnoticed, value of slavery in rooting out and checking and the search-light of criticism was directed bad habits is recognized. upon one section; and the habit has continued In justification of 'popular justice, several to this day. reasons have been advanced, of which the most In the discussion of the various remedies important are these : first, in a frontier coun tried or proposed for the purpose of checking try, before civil institutions are organized, the lynching habit, it is shown that the laws lynch-law is the only possible law; second, in are not enforced which assess damages against the South, owing to the disordered conditions counties where illegal executions occur, or during the past forty years, summary punish which provide for the impeachment of officials ment has been necessary for the protection of who allow prisoners to be taken from them; women and children, and to make life and Northern agitation, as a remedy has certainly property safe. In the opinion of Dr. Cutler, failed, if not worse than failed; Federal legis- the frontier period is now past, and in the lation, the author believes, would only make South there is no necessity for not allowing matters worse; the ultimate remedy' is, he the law to take its course. says, to create a strong public sentiment Owing to the author's lack of acquaintance against the practice, and he believes that the with conditions in the South, the section in South must solve for itself this serious prob- synonym for 6 36 [July 16, THE DIAL lem. In view of the fact that lynchings sel while Mr. Ireland was still travelling in the dom occur in illiterate communities, it is diffi East. The volume belongs to the best type of lit- cult to see exactly how the education he sug terature on colonial questions. It is the product gests will exercise any direct influence on the of one who has not only devoted much time to situation; and the reference to the results to travel and has given personal attention to be expected from the work of the widely adver Oriental and Colonial conditions, but who has tised Southern Education Board' and Gen as a background the prior training and intel- eral Education Board’ shows a complete ignor- ligence necessary to enable him to judge accu- ance of actual conditions in Southern educa rately of the matters with which he has to deal. tion. The real remedies, so far as the South There is every evidence of careful and painstak- is concerned, are: to strengthen the administra ing study; and the book has the unusual merit tion of law in the thinly populated rural dis of being, on the whole, definite and precise in tricts, and make honor and life safe there; to its statements. reform the negro criminal class, and to make Opinions differ so widely as to the future of negro public opinion cease to protect criminals. the Orient, and policies must be shaped in such But the shortcomings of the work, which various ways, according as one or the other are really very few, are not the result of bias, theory of colonial development may be ac- but rather of a lack of a familiar knowledge cepted, that the fundamental question to be of social and legal conditions where lynchings asked concerning the work of any author re- are most frequent. A few months ago, an lates to his general point of view. Mr. Ireland other writer on the same subject tried, with makes no effort to obscure the broad theories very satisfactory results, the experiment of by which his work has been guided. He is visiting several communities where lynchings frankly an 'imperialist,' accepting the idea had occurred. The book is sane, temperate in that the future progress of the world must de- tone, moderate in statement, and judicial in pend entirely upon the inhabitants of the tem- conclusions. It is the only really valuable perate zones, and that these peoples must; for treatise on the subject, and is not likely to be their own sake, control the countries and peo- superseded. WALTER L. FLEMING. ples of the tropics. The central idea from which we must start,' says the author, “is this: that all human conditions, all human history, the whole expression of man in word and deed, are the result of the interaction of nature and Two RECENT BOOKS ON THE FAR EAST.* Apart from the work done by Events in the far East have been of such an Europeans and Americans in the tropics, the engrossing character within recent years as to civilization of the heat belt has remained sta- lead to an immense outpouring of books and tionary for a thousand years. monographs concerning nearly every phase of be taken for granted that, in tropical colonies the Oriental situation. We have had travellers' controlled by Europeans or Americans, West- tales, descriptive accounts of popular life and ern methods of government will be insisted on. customs, geographical and ethnological studies, Western government can be main- and more or less ex parte accounts of political tained in tropical countries only as long as conditions. In the United States, the manu white men are on the spot to keep things in facture of books on the subject has been acceler- line.' ated by our occupation of the Philippines, These extracts give the key-note to the whole which has given rise to a special and already of Mr. Ireland's discussion. Assuming that very large literature on that phase of the East Western control is to be continued, he discusses ern question. conditions in the principal oriental colonies Mr. Ireland's book on "The Far Eastern from the standpoint of one who regards eco- Tropics’ is a collection of studies in the admin nomic development as the sole if not the only istration of tropical dependencies, and includes good. This economic development, too, is to be a review of conditions in Hong Kong, British pursued primarily for the benefit of the West- North Borneo, Sarawak, the Philippines, and ern race which happens to be in control of a other colonies in the Orient. Most of the essays given section of the East. Stable government, have been published either in the ‘London of course, even-handed justice between man and Times' or in "The Outlook' of New York, man, the improvement of the country through the construction of roads and of other public *THE FAR EASTERN TROPICS. Studies in the Admin- istration of Tropical Dependencies. By Alleyne Ireland. works,— all these are to be demanded of a suit- Boston : Houghton, Mifflin & Co. able colonial administration. Where possible, AN OBSERVER IN THE PHILIPPINES : Life in Our New it is well, too, that native ideas should be re- Possessions. American Tract Society. spected and native institutions maintained, - man. It may By John Bancroft Devins. Boston: The - 1905.] 37 THE DIAL but only in case they do not interfere with the only a very limited degree of participation in main end in view. government. Neither practically nor theo- Mr. Ireland's whole book is a tribute to the retically, therefore, has our administration jus- success of British administrators in establishing tified itself on the political side. Mr. Ireland, successful colonial governments based on the however, fully approves the course of the principles already set forth. Of such colonies United States in occupying and holding the as Java, French Indo-China, etc., he has rela- Philippines, for this he considers the only prac- tively little to say; and in what he says he is tical solution of the problems which shaped inclined, with a sort of conventional British themselves during the latter part of our war courtesy, to make the best of existing condi with Spain. As measures for the future, he tions and to give the greatest possible amount | earnestly recommends the free entry of Philip- of credit to the foreign administrators who are pine products into the United States, the grant- at work there. The only exception to this rule, ing of every encouragement to prospective in- both as regards fulness of treatment and the vestors of American capital, the development of exercise of the critical faculty, is found in internal communication, the abolition of the what he has to say of the Philippines. Philippine Commission and the substitution of On the whole, the author finds conditions an all-powerful governor-general, and finally both political and economic quite satisfactory the creation of a non-political 'colonial office in most of the English colonies. Of course, in Washington. there are conspicuous exceptions and cases of Mr. Ireland's book, both as regards its theo- bad administration. Mr. Ireland does not hesi retical attitude and its specific recommenda- tate to indicate these; but it is very evident tions of future Philippine policy, is not calcu- that in his opinion they are exceptions simply.lated to please any group of people in the In the Philippines (to which, by the way, the United States. He is too severe in his criti- author devotes more space than to any other cisms of actual work done to please our poli- Eastern colony) the conditions seem to be re ticians; and he is far too 'imperialistic' to versed. Cases of success or of good administra- satisfy those who believe in the self-governing tion seem to be the exception, and errors, both capacity of tropical races, or at all events in the political and economic, appear to be the rule. desirability of a national policy which will The discussion of the Philippines is divided leave them to do the best they can. While the into several different chapters, one of which re book will probably appeal to the prejudices of hearses the familiar history of our acquisition no party in this country, it cannot be consid- of the islands. In a second chapter the author ered an impartial book, in the sense that it ad- analyzes the structure of government; in the vocates nothing. The author has ideas of his third he reviews the economic condition of the own, and does not scruple to bring forward in Philippines, and in a fourth he criticises a pointed way the facts which support his ideas. American policies as exemplified there. Mr. His work is a wholesome one for Americans to Ireland finds that serious errors have been com read. It is fair to add that, while the statis- mitted, both in framing the government and in tical data given seem to be generally accurate, pursuing the economic policy which has ex a few mistakes occur here and there. cluded Philippine goods so largely from the A work of entirely different character is Dr. United States. The great over-organization of John Bancroft Devins's 'An Observer in the government in the Philippines, Mr. Ireland be- | Philippines. This is a profusely illustrated, lieves, has resulted in saddling an enormous badly-bound volume, printed on poor paper. It burden upon the natives, this burden really ex consists very largely of familiar stories and in- ceeding in the per capita cost of administrationcident of the kind that circulate freely in the outlay in any other oriental colony. In the Manila society, mingled with discussions of same connection, it appears that an almost total Protestant missionary work in the Philippines. lack of public works, and a wholly unprece The book is dedicated to President Roosevelt, dented defectiveness in the means of transpor- and has an introduction by Secretary Taft. It tation and communication, must be added to is a volume which in all cases takes the strict the sins of the American administration. The official view of matters political and economic. share in government,' said to have been given The author seems to have been the guest, at by us to the native population, is counted by least during a part of his brief two-months' Mr. Ireland as of relatively little value. In the visit in the Islands, of Mr. Taft, then Gover- first place, he does not believe,— as already nor-General; and he has a strong approval and seen, — that the Oriental is capable of profiting admiration for everything done by that gentle- by such a share; in the second place, he shows man. Here and there, however, odd little inci- very plainly that our methods of administra dents seem to have temporarily troubled him. tion have been such as to give to the Filipino | Describing a scene in a country court-room, Dr. 38 [July 16, THE DIAL was Devins remarks: “A witness necessarily upon the merits of the various seated before the Judge, testifying in Tagalog. volumes. The question and answer were translated by the The volume now at hand, England Under Judge, and written on the typewriter by the the Stuarts,' by Mr. G. M. Trevelyan, cer- Clerk of the Court. As the witness left the tainly fulfils Mr. Oman's requirements. It chair, he was required to sign his testimony in covers the period from 1603 to 1714, in fifteen a language which he could not at all under- chapters comprising some five hundred closely stand; but,' adds the author, with touching con printed pages, has an excellent index, is sup- fidence, it is safe to infer that the translationplied with a few good maps, and in addition given by the Judge was correct.' to foot-note references to authorities cited in Dr. Devins's book is non-discriminating and the body of the text it has a well arranged simple-minded in a high degree. It represents and carefully selected bibliography of works the results of a casual trip through some parts and sources particularly valuable to the student of the Philippines, made by one who either did of the Stuart period. But all this, though a not want, or did not understand how, to analyze delightful innovation in the ordinary run of the results of the policies that have been pur books produced by English writers, would sued in the archipelago. It is entertaining, and count for little if the author had not shown may well be worth reading, particularly if ex his thorough understanding of the task set amined in connection with Mr. Ireland's him, and accomplished his work with ability studies already described. Mr. Ireland, in fact, and in some portions with genius. It may gives rather too little of the cursory and super- briefly be said at once that Mr. Trevelyan has ficial which is supplied in such abundant presented a thoroughly adequate summary of measure by Dr. Devins. So far as can be the history of the period, -as adequate, that judged, Dr. Devins is strongest on the religious is, as was possible within the limits of his side, - in dealing, that is to say, with the con pages. He is readable, thorough, unbiased, and ditions and work of the missions and mission scientific in his treatment. ary institutions of the Philippines, in which he It is impossible in a brief review to do more had a direct personal interest and on which his than indicate a few of the important charac- previous knowledge and training entitle him to teristics of the book. It is divided, rather too speak with some authority. arbitrarily, into two distinct lines of treat- H. PARKER WILLIS. ment: that dealing with social, industrial, religious, and intellectual England; and that concerned with political events, although naturally in the narrative of the latter the author is forced to note occasionally and state A NEW HISTORY OF ENGLAND.* the influence of topics more thoroughly analyzed under the first group. A new historical series, edited by Mr. C. W. In chapter II., on C. Oman, has for its purpose the presenta- * The Middle and Lower Classes,' Mr. Trevelyan tion of the history of England from the notes that the economic changes of the seven- beginning to 1815, in volumes by different teenth century, changes that marked a prog- authors, each of whom is supposed to be espe- ress from wilderness to cultivation, resulted cially qualified to write of the epoch assigned in an increased æsthetic sense among English- him. Mr. Oman's preface indicates his belief men, since the manifestations of that change that coöperative history-writing of this nature were in themselves æsthetic, --- cottages and is of value only when each writer takes a mansion houses springing up in differing styles of architecture and furnishing a pleasing vari- sufficiently extended period to obviate the danger of extreme specialization; by which he ety. This was due to the lack of frequent means that the extreme specialist is apt to communications between districts, a condition lose sight of the larger point of view and of that made local need determine wholly local the general trend of a nation's development. building. Englishmen built then, as they do The series will therefore, he hopes, occupy a now, with what was cheapest and most endur- middle ground between the one-man type, ing; but then these qualities were found in where no specialization is possible, and the the hedge-row whose place is now taken by encyclopædic type, where correlation and con- the barbed wire fence, or in the massive oak tinuity are sacrificed to individual monographs. timbered stables now perhaps built of corru- This idea is in itself a good one, but depends gated iron. City life in England receives rather more * A HISTORY OF ENGLAND. To be complete in six volumes. attention at the hands of Mr. Trevelyan than Edited by C. W. C. Oman. Volume I., England under does the life of the agricultural community; By G. M. Trevelyan. G. P. Putnam's Sons. but his excuse for this is that the city or town the Stuarts. New York: 1905.] 39 THE DIAL ment.", or borough was in fact the very heart of the firm and desirable, it will be conveyed to pos- nation. The inhabitants were select, a result terity; that which you have taken by force, I of the strict apprentice laws, by which the look upon as nothing. But when events forced best of the country population was, with many him, as he thought, to become the despotic restrictions, admitted to some trade and so to ruler of England, he could only keep repeat- civic privileges. Surplus population found its ing to himself and to others that his God last refuge in the country, and not in the would not allow so great a work to perish.' city. The real life of England was indeed The execution of the King is depicted as a civic rather than national, though national sin of democracy against itself. The Army consciousness and patriotism were awakening, was essentially the source of this democracy. and it was this very interest and participation It demanded specifically, first, equality of in civic duties that produced the men capable opportunity and that individual merit should of conducting the affairs of the state when be the sole road to greatness ’; second, a real king and hereditary officials were pushed aside. universal suffrage, the demand for which was In all classes, says the author, the Bible was based both upon a fanciful and forced inter- the one great educational factor, and its con pretation of earlier English history, and upon stant study, accompanied by individual inter- a theoretical analysis of the rights of man.' pretation, made men fit and ready to judge • “The poorest he that is in England,” Colonel and decide for themselves in merely temporal Rainborough told his fellow-officers in council, affairs. Attention is called to the fact that Whath a life to live as the greatest he. And there- the harsh Puritan Sabbath, restrictive as it fore, truly, Sir, I think it is clear that every man that is to live under Government ought first by his was of all pleasure and games, and completely own consent to put himself under that Govern- overturning previous usage, did nevertheless confer an inestimable boon on the laboring But the Army failed to see that such innova- classes of modern England, in that it forbade tions could come only by the consent of the work on that day as well as play. Even in whole nation, and after in vain attempting to the seventeenth century it gave a needed pledge Charles to concession, it struck at him relief to an overworked population. Such are in exasperation, and by condemning him to a few of the characteristics noted in a chapter death, purely the act of the Army and not of full of facts and analysis, offering such con- the nation, it sounded the death-knell of its cise summary, but written on the whole in a own hopes in politics. style not especially entertaining, and with a 'If there was any chance that the establishment language that palls somewhat by its very sim of a more democratic form of government could plicity and straightforwardness. gradually win the support of the people at large, But when Mr. Trevelyan enters the field of that chance was thrown away by the execution of the King This at least is what appears. historical narrative, he indulges in a But appearances deceive many, and historians not ambitious style, and with marked success. the least. For history is a tangle of mysterious Chapter IX., for illustration, on “ Parliament, threads, of which the most important may be the Army, and King,' opens with the statement least perceived. It may be that, deep beyond all consciousness, in the minds of the men who groaned that with horror as the King's head was held up to their “The government of civilized nations, especially pitying gaze; deep in future years that lay beyond of England, is the government of custom, opposed the Restoration; deep in remote lands beyond the alike to brute force and to reform. A civilized English seas, bound for a time under heavier tyran- nation boasts that it rides safe above the two nies, the knowledge that subjects had sat in rude enemies of custom, Constraint or Necessity on the judgment on their King, man against man, speeded one hand, and Free Will upon the other; it detests the slow emancipation of the mind from the shackles both the Tyrant and the Liberator. The most suc of custom and ancient reverence. What brave men cessful politicians are men of talent who hold by have done, what patient men have endured—this is the common ways of thought.' known. But what either side has effected by its This is followed by an analysis showing that sufferings or its acts-this not the endless æons shall reveal.' the Commonwealth was the era of ‘Free Will’ rule, which, unlike the French Revolution, These quotations are from one chapter only, failed to establish a permanent system because and that a short one. They are sufficient to it was representative of but a small minority show that the author is no ordinary narrative of the nation. Cromwell himself foresaw and historian, but one who, by blending fact and stated the futility and lack of permanence of analysis, creates a picture impressive in its his own rule as Protector. In the struggle outline and suggestive in its language and ideas. between Army and Parliament, after the cap- If the other five volumes of this series ture of the King, when trying to secure a are in any way equal to that of Mr. Trevelyan, compromise that should represent the nation, a work of decided value and novelty will have he said, Whatever we get by treaty will be been offered to the public. E. D. ADAMS. more 40 [July 16, THE DIAL RECENT FICTION,* and he is just over forty years of age. Two earlier novels, ‘Die Landgräfin' and 'Die Translations of good foreign fiction have Drei Getreuen,' attracted little attention, but not been frequent of late years. There was a the success of the third has so repaid him for time, not so very long ago, when translators this earlier neglect that he has resigned his and publishers seemed unusually alert to dis pastorate, and will henceforth devote himself cover the best contemporary work of the Con to literature. Holsatia non cantat, says an tinent, and to offer it to English readers. We old proverb, but the saying has been falsified were busily engaged in making the acquaint by the work of Hebbel, Groth, Theodor Storm, ance of the most important European novelists, and Detlev von Liliencron, to say nothing of and our own practice of the art of fiction, in the writer of genius now under consideration, danger of growing stale, seemed to benefit who has made articulate to deeply-moving greatly by the revivifying influence of these effect, the life which has its being on the fresh currents of thought and this widening moors and meadows and marshes that lie of the outlook. A few of the names that will between the Eider and the Elbe. “Jörn Uhl? occur to anyone seeking to illustrate this thesis is like an oak that is deeply rooted in its are those of Bourget, d'Annunzio, Valera, native soil, whence it draws the rugged strength Galdos, Valdes, Couperus, Jokai, Dostoievski by which it towers above the landscape, and and Sudermann. These children of the mod attracts the attention of distant observers. It ern world, and many others with them, spoke is a rich, homely book, seemingly artless in its to us with their various accents, and a notable simple sincerity, intensely human in its ap- stimulus was given to the growth of cosmo peal, touched with the poetic feeling that can politan sympathies. But the crest of this glorify the humblest material, and genuine in wave of foreign influence passed over us a the best sense of the word. Little need be decade or more ago, and we have found our said of the story. In the sense of the average selves in shoal waters of late. This literary reader of novels, there is no story, but only a condition makes all the more noticeable a series of nature-pictures, studies of racial translation, just published, of the most remark character in a small and closely-related group, able work that German fiction has produced with folk-lore and philosophy interspersed. for a long time. It is now three years since Jörn Uhl, sprung from a peasant stock of "Jörn Uhl’ took its native public by storm. ancient repute, grows up to realize that the and since then it has sold to the extent of family fortunes are decaying, that the farm is something like a quarter of a million copies, going to waste, and that his father and older breaking all German records. Such a book brothers, drunken and shiftless, are incapable obviously called for translation, and it is not of saving themselves from ruin. He takes up altogether to our credit that it has been so the burden thus laid upon his shoulders, and long kept from English readers. To the weary struggles manfully for many years against a reviewer of current fiction, it comes like fate that is inexorable. In this aspect, as well manna in the desert, and when we compare it as in' the sombreness of its atmosphere, the with our own popular novels of like sales -- book is strikingly like Herr Sudermann's our Graustarks and 'Eben Holdens' — it Frau Sorge'— the differences being such as inspires to melancholy reflection upon the dif naturally exist between Holstein and East ferent levels of public taste in Germany and Prussia. But ‘Jörn Uhl’ is a richer work America. The author of 'Jörn Uhl' is a than that idyl of sorrow, and has more of Lutheran pastor of a village in Holstein, by poetic relief. This quality has for its defect a the North Sea. His name is Gustav Frenssen, looseness of structure that deprives the work of unity and plan except in a very broad sense. By Gustav Frenssen. Translated by F. Boston: Dana Estes & Co. Episodical matter is frequent and often only A New HUMANITY; or, The Easter Island. vaguely relevant. Even the episode of the Wilbrandt. Translated from the German by Dr. A. S. War of 1870-71, with its realistic description Rappoport. Philadelphia: The J. B. Lippincott Co. SHINING FERRY. By A. T. Quiller-Couch. New York: of Gravelotte, is not worked into any very intimate relation with the plot. Jörn simply BELCHAMBER. By Howard Overing Sturgis. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. went when he was called to arms, did his duty STURMSEE : By the Author of Cal uncomplainingly, and returned to his farm mire.' New York: The Macmillan Co. when the campaign was over. But on their By Leroy Scott. Doubleday, Page, & Co. own account we could ill spare these scenes of THE LION'S SKIN. A Historical Novel and a Novel camp and conflict, for they constitute a mas- History. By John S. Wise. New York: Doubleday, Page, terpiece of their kind. The translator of this & Co. CONSTANCE TRESCOT. work is Mr. F. S. Delmer, whose work is well A Novel. By S. Weir Mitchell, M.D., LL.D. New York: The Century Co. done, although we regard as questionable the 6 *JORN UHL. S. Delmer. By Adoll Charles Scribner's Sons. MAN AND MAN. THE WALKING DELEGATE. New York: 1905.] 41 THE DIAL expedient of employing Scotch dialect for the About thirteen years ago there was pub- purpose of reproducing the Doric note of lished a remarkable work of fiction entitled the original. Calmire.' The book was anonymous, and Another translation from the German gives was fiction only in a very qualified sense, be- us Herr Adolf Wilbrandt's Oster-Insel,' a ing primarily a discussion of the fundamental novel dating from 1894. The English version problems of religious and ethical philosophy. is entitled 'A New Humanity, and is the It was clearly the work of an acute thinker work of Dr. A. S. Rappoport. This book, as who was also a genial man of the world, and . students of German literature are aware, is its brilliant yet unstilted exposition of the ab- essentially a study of the philosopher Nietz struse matters with which it was concerned sche, the tragedy of whose life is reproduced made it a highly noteworthy production. Writ- in the guise of fiction. Its hero, Dr. Helmut ing of it at the time, we called it'a helpful Adler, is inspired with a belief in the possi- book,' and described it as offering 'a faith as bility of a new type of humanity, to be far transcending that of our childhood as the evolved under conditions of special nurture wide world itself transcends the nursery. Re- and selection upon an island in the South markable as Calmire' was, it seems to have Pacific. This idea becomes first an obsession, made little impression upon the public, and then a mania, and finally reduces to ir- and, aside from the reviews which it received remediable madness the powerful intellect that as a perfunctory matter of course, it got has conceived it. The story is told with a nothing like the attention it deserved. Dur- certain morbid power, but drags heavily in the ing the years that have elapsed since its ap- telling, and is only moderately successful in pearance, we do not recall having met with the delineation of the several types of charac any person who has read it, or having seen it ter which people its pages. mentioned anywhere in print. We now have Mr. Quiller-Couch is at his happiest and from the same hand a second work, entitled best in Shining Ferry,' a novel of the Corn Sturmsee, which introduces many of the wall which he knows so well, and which he earlier characters, but this time engages them presents to us with so much sympathy and in the discussion of social and political themes. humor. The figures of the local magnate, the The two works are now seen to be mutually contemptible son who succeeds him, the new complementary, and to embody a singularly schoolmistress, and her bashful sailor-lover, ripe and balanced conception of the whole are admirable studies of character, and several duty of man,' as seen in the light of the evolu- of the lesser figures—Mr. Benny, the confi tionary philosophy. The author, in fact, con- dential clerk, Nicky Vro, the ancient ferry fesses to this purpose in his preface to the man, and Mrs. Purchase, the skipper's better new volume, to which he gives the sub-title half in the literal sense, are worthy of being Man and Man,' as contrasted with the Man classed with the creations of Dickens. This is and Nature, which he now suggests for the a book of which no notion whatever may be earlier work. We have, we trust, said enough given by an outline of the plot; its charm to warn off from this book the seeker after resides in the touches of gentle sentiment, of mere entertainment, and to attract to it those quaint humor, and of tender feeling with readers of serious intent for whom alone it is which it is enriched in every chapter. It is a designed. It is not entirely without interest wholesome and human book, to be read with as a story, but it is essentially a book of dis- keen delight from beginning to end. cussions to which a conversational and pic- Belchamber,' by Mr. Howard Overing turesque form of exposition gives point and Sturgis (a name unknown to us), is a strong animation. The subjects range over the field novel made decidedly unpleasant by its theme suggested by such phrases as the labor prob- of adultery, or rather by the author's failure lem, coöperation, socialism, anarchism, social to maintain a decent reticence in the handling settlements, monopolies, and the significance of of that theme. If it were not for this fault, democracy. This random list gives only the the book would deserve high praise, for there capital headings, without conveying any is nothing amateurish about either style or notion of the ramifications and special appli- construction, and it moves easily among the cations which the exigencies of the story de- scenes and situations which it presents to us. mand. For, we repeat, there is a story, albeit It is a novel of upper-class English society, a thin one and of disjointed structure. There and has a most lovable and sympathetic hero, are also characters, fairly well-defined and whose life from childhood up is skilfully por interesting, instead of the mere pegs for opin- trayed. It is such a book as we sometimes get ions which our description might lead the from Mr. Anthony Hope, with an added reader to expect. There are even incidents as touch of seriousness quite beyond the reach of exciting as a labor riot and an anarchistic at- that brilliant writer. tempt at assassination, besides some really 42 [July 16, THE DIAL are charming love-making, and no end of delicious Parks or a Shea—and unsparingly exposes the banter and conversational by-play. We must corrupt and criminal practices whereby a describe the author (whoever he may be) as strong and unscrupulous bully becomes the good American, by which we mean a man who master of his union and maintains the terror- believes from the bottom of his heart in the ism of his rule. His exposure and disgrace great democratic experiment which we are finally brought about by the persistent working out upon this continent, yet who efforts of the honest workingman who opposes makes no concessions to the clamor of the vul- him, and virtue is triumphant in the end. gar or bombastic spokesmen of democracy, who The book is quite as scathing in its treatment. is even readier to voice a caustie condemnation of the corrupt methods of the employer as in of our national faults than to pen the praises its implied denunciation of trade union meth- of our virtues, and who does not hesitate to ods, and thus holds a fairly even scale be- find many examples worthy of our emulation tween the two parties to the struggle. It is a in the 'effete societies of the European world. veritable sink of iniquity that is here uncov- Two brief extracts may close this review. ered for our gaze, but the whole story is made Calmire, speaking of philanthropic effort in only too sadly credible by the actual occur- general, says: “The devotion of the able man's rences with which our newspapers make us surplus must be voluntary, to be effective. To familiar from day to day. compel it by taxation, or in any other way, Two American novels of the Reconstruction has all the faults of robbery, including dis period, now before us, while very different in couraging the production of any surplus.' It their methods, are alike in their close study of would be difficult to pack more wisdom than the perplexing conditions of the years imme- this within the same compass of words. It is diately following the Civil War. One of also Calmire who thus sums up the moral of them, The Lion's Skin,' is the work of Mr. the whole argument: 'If there's a purpose in John S. Wise, who has played an important this universe (I don't say that there is or part in the recent political history of Virginia, isn't, partly, perhaps, because I hate to apply and who is the son of the war governor of the phraseology made for our tuppenny minds that State. In this book there is far more to the immeasurable processes going on behind history than fiction; in fact, the author seems all they can take note of)-if there's a pur to have adopted the form of the novel chiefly pose, or a plan, nothing seems to me plainer as the means of attracting a wider circle of than that it's part of that plan, to evolve hap readers than might otherwise have been piness through intelligence and morality, and secured for what is essentially a volume of primitive intelligence and morality through personal reminiscences and a running com- struggle, but to evolve the higher morality mentary upon the political history of his through the opposite of struggle—through the native Commonwealth. There is much con- care of the weak by the strong, and the recip tentious matter in this book, and the author rocation of the weak to the strong-sympathy adopts many positions that will be questioned, and generosity on one side, fidelity and grati particularly in his defence of Mahone and the tude on the other, until all are strong. There policy of the readjusters. He laments the is no sentimentalism about this book, which decline of political morality that has charac- exposes with keen and merciless logic the terized Virginia of recent years, and is no less weakness of the various socialistic panaceas of unsparing in his denunciation of corrupt which in these days we hear so much; but modern tendencies than in his scathing ac- there is social sympathy of the broadest kind, count of the carpet-baggers' régime. Of the which is a much better quality. We confess popular historical novelists who have dealt to no little curiosity concerning the authorship with this region and period he seems to have of this wise and helpful work. but a poor opinion, but if they might profit- Turning from ‘Sturmsee,' with its abstract ably learn from him as to matters of fact, he, discussion of the labor problem, we find in in turn, might well take lessons from them in Mr. Scott's' The Walking Delegate' a dis the art of fiction. tinctly concrete treatment of the same subject. Our other novel of Reconstruction days is Here we have a work which is fairly brutal in the work of Dr. Mitchell, and the scene is its realism, a vivid and vigorous transcript of Missouri. Here the admixture of history is life in the labor world of a great city, a book slight, merely enough to provide the story written without any pretence of style, yet with atmosphere and the tragedy with an ade- crudely impressive by virtue of its picturesque quate motive. Dr. Mitchell's concern is pri- speech and its close acquaintance with the con marily artistic, as we hardly need to state, ditions depicted. It is a study of the labor and his artistic success, in the present in- leader' and his methods--as illustrated by a stance, is marked and complete. Constance 1905.] 43 THE DIAL Trescot’ is a novel which is given more than it. If he sometimes arouses our suspicion that ordinary distinction by the conscientiousness he is overdoing the business of being novel and of its endeavor, the sincerity of its workman clever, let us not be too hard on him, but remem- ship, and its high human interest. Not only ber what he is trying to do: to interest his au- is the general plan of the work praiseworthy, dience (originally a company of artists) in a but the details are worked out with loving subject not only dry but to them actually dis- agreeable; to show them something of the work skill, and the lesser characters and situations which Puritanism has accomplished in the world, are never scamped for the sake of those of and of the relationship of Puritanism to the greater significance. The story is briefly as spirit of beauty. The author is not blind to the follows: George Trescot is a young lawyer of shortcomings of the Puritan,-his narrow and Boston who marries the daughter of a whim painfully limited views of life; his dogmatic ar- sical and opinionated capitalist. His father rogance regarding knowledge of the hereafter, in-law has large property interests in a South- especially of hell; his comic misplacing of energy ern town on the Mississippi and thither Tres- (as when Jonathan Edwards became a missionary cot is sent to act as agent, and disentangle a to the Indians). Yet as we read these pages we network of legal complications. His position cannot help feeling the essential sublimity of the Puritan struggle after perfection, and the is a difficult one, for not only is sectional feel- real greatness-even though it lacked proportion ing rife in the community to which he goes, -of the Puritan character. Jonathan Edwards but he labors under the additional disadvan awakened the people of New England and spread tage of coming as a stranger to attack squatter views that bore fruit in the great humanitarian claims. Both he and his wife meet this situa movement. The rule of John Winthrop, even tion with peculiar tact, and their conciliatory though he failed to hold church and state to measures do much to soften the asperities of gether, is full of significance to those who long for civic and civil righteousness. The real the legal struggle. But the opposing counsel, finding himself practically defeated, and em- Margaret Fuller was not an absurd creature, but a heroic Puritan woman, who made mistakes but bittered by the blow thus dealt to his personal nevertheless exhibited admirable traits, and was interests, revenges himself by shooting Trescot the victim as much of friends as of enemies. upon a purely imaginary pretext of self-de Walt Whitman shows us that the Puritan is fence. From this point on, the interest is con sometimes the radical rising in primitive sim- centrated upon the assassin and the widow plicity and breaking down the barriers of false of his victim. The former, acquitted by the and absurd conventionality. Through the great courts, is made the object of a relentless cam- revival begun by John Wesley, the spirit of re- paign conducted by the injured woman, a ligion, which was the essence of Puritanism, was campaign of vindictiveness untempered by any quickened and deepened. All these, then, are touch of mercy or compassion. She employs significant characters, whose lives help us to understand the various phases and stages of the every agency within her reach, and inflicts Puritan movement. The reader of Mr. Mac- upon him such moral tortures that he is Phail's volume will be rewarded with new light, driven in desperation to end his own life. It and of some matters he will perhaps get a new is not a pleasant story, but it is a strong one, point of view. and it deepens in tragic intensity until the Miss Corelli Some recent periodical contribu- reader is held breathless in its grasp. It is speaks her tions by Miss Marie Corelli have mind. a great triumph, thus out of commonplace been issued in book form under materials, and by the use of strictly legitimate the title, 'Free Opinions Freely Expressed' methods, to produce a work of such singular (Dodd). The disputatious, not to say censorious, tone of these essays moves the reviewer to re- power, and Dr. Mitchell deserves the warmest mind the writer that people are seldom to be congratulations upon his success. argued or scolded into wisdom. Direct assaults WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. on folly too often produce an effect contrary to the one intended. Miss Corelli's dispraise of yellow journalism, and the incidental display of her own familiarity with the odious thing, will BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. hardly diminish by one copy the sale of any yel- Modern' lights In his “Essays in Puritanism' low journal. Why not turn one's back on the on Puritanic (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.), Mr. An wretched stuff and let one's silent influence ef- characters. drew MacPhail has produced an fect what it may? More than once the author uncommonly readable and instructive book. He indulges in censure of 'the free-library craze,' has a vein of quaint humor which helps him and of its chief promoter, Mr. Andrew Carnegie. to treat such confessedly dry subjects as Cal "To borrow one's mental fare from Free Li- vinism and the writings of Jonathan Edwards in braries,' she declares, 'is a dirty habit, to begin a manner which makes them not unattractive to with’; and other reasons follow why we should the readers of to-day. He is able in the same shun the public library. The best she can say sentence to give us a flash of truth and to make of free libraries is that they are 'undoubtedly us smile at his novel and clever way of putting very useful resorts for betting men. They can 44 [July 16, THE DIAL run in, glance at the newspapers for the latest saliences,' nodosities of character,' etc.? Even “Sporting Items,” and run out again. But why in his preface the author can make known his ratepayers should support such houses of call for purpose only in such blind and inconclusive these gentry remains a mystery' to Miss Corelli. fashion as this: "This book may perhaps be de- Her animus is explained later, when she laments scribed as an attempt to work out, in the detail the injury done to popular authors by free li. of Browning's life and poetry, from a more braries, whose circulation of a dozen copies of definitely literary standpoint and without Hege- the latest novel prevents its purchase by hun lian prepossessions, a view of his genius not un- dreds of readers. In this connection may be like that set forth with so much eloquence and noted her chapter on 'A Question of Faith,' penetration, in his well-known volume, by Pro- wherein she declares herself a Christian; asserts fessor Henry Jones.' Is Professor Herford that a consistent Christian must believe in the aware that America has furnished almost the virtue of poverty, the dignity of labor, and the first and still some of the most enthusiastic in- excellence of simplicity; and urges her readers terpreters of Browning, when he says (p. 4) that, to be consistent. Why, then, this grudge against except in Italy, ‘Browning is all but non-existent Mr. Carnegie and his libraries, if they are help for the rest of the civilized world beyond the ing her to a more vivid realization of the virtue Channel ?' Numerous misquotations from the of poverty and the dignity of labor? Seriously, poems, in a case where the smallest inaccuracy she should know that whatever harm free li- is unpardonable, do not strengthen our confidence braries may do to popular authors (a harm, by in Professor Herford or his book. However, it the way, that it might be difficult to prove) is no doubt has its value, and its groupings of more than balanced by the good they do to stu poems and generalizations regarding Browning's dents, whose researches would often be impos standpoint and mission are, to say the least, sug- sible without the collections of books now avail- gestive. able in all our larger cities. Of Americans, Miss Corelli says some harsh things that may make One of the great obstacles en- Southern Co- one wish her better acquainted with us. Her lonial history. countered by students of Southern chapter on ‘A Vital Point of Education' de- Colonial history has been the lack plores the general ignorance of how to read. of accessible and trustworthy sources of infor- She thinks that 'Americans, even more than the mation. While the Northern States, and notably British, require to be taught' this art. An ex those of New England, have for many years been pression used by her a little later suggests the doing everything in their power to facilitate equal desirability of learning how to write. Re the work of historians in the field of Colonial ferring to two classes of persons, she speaks of history, the Southern States, on the other hand, the one forming the larger majority.' What, have been exceedingly backward in this work, one queries, would a smaller majority' be? Miss and students have had the greatest difficulty in Corelli's admirers-and their name, largely per- uncovering their Colonial records. This per- haps owing to public libraries, is legion—will en-haps accounts in a measure for the misstatements joy these twenty-seven essays, which have the that have crept into current writing regard- merit of brevity and at times of sprightliness. ing the Colonial history and activities of the Southern States. Notably is this the case with The seventh volume of the ‘Moderr: Virginia. No State in the Union has perhaps of Browning. series (Dodd, more complete, full, and well-preserved Colonial Mead & Co.), on Browning, is records; but these documents have for many written by Professor Charles H. Herford of years been buried away beyond the reach of the the University of Manchester. The commen most zealous investigator. With the adoption of tator knows his Browning well, has availed him the new constitution of Virginia, provision was self of the best and latest authorities, and mani made for the proper care and preservation of fests a considerable degree of sympathetic appre these documents, which had suffered much from ciation; but he is hampered in his presentation neglect and vandalism. For two years past, a by a clumsiness of expression which recalls the trained library force has been engaged in classi- story of the plain man who reported his entire fying and arranging these records. The recent understanding of Bunyan's 'Pilgrim's Progress' publication, by the Library Board at Richmond, and his hope that in time he might be able to of the Journals of the House of Burgesses of master the explanatory notes. We get on with Virginia for the years 1773-1776, will be wel- him passably well, however, through Part I., on comed by students throughout the country. No Browning's Life and Work; but in Part II., on period of the State's history is richer in sug- his Mind and Art, he out-Brownings Browning in gestion or more valuable in its relation to the his use of unusual words, and in tangled, in history of the country than the few years im- volved and obscure phrases. Whether or not we mediately preceding the Revolution. With an understand Browning's doctrine of love, surely unpopular Governor and a somewhat verbose we cannot be much helped by being told that .it House of Burgesses, frequent quarrels took place started up in corrupt or sordid hearts and swept within the State during this time. Some of these all their blind velleities into its purifying flame were of small importance, but every one drew of passion,' and what are we to understand by from the Burgesses an indignant protest against such phrases as eager, articulating concrete sen what they held to be an assumption of power by sibility,' 'visual speech of sharply cut angles and the Governor. He, however, indignantly pro- A new expositor English 1905.] 45 THE DIAL tested against such a charge; and his frequent lapses into prose. Resorting once more to the addresses, together with the Memorials of the 'tu quoque,' the reviewer would ask him to de- Burgesses, all of which are incorporated in the fend this couplet from his 'Springtime,'- present publication, form an invaluable commen- "Sudden and loud through larch and fir tary on the history of the times, and will go Rings the laugh of the woodpecker.' far toward correcting some of the mistakes in To say nothing of the borrowing here from the current histories of the Revolution. The Mallock's line, "The long loose laugh of the wild work of editing the volume has been ably done woodpecker,' who is not reminded of the dog- by Mr. John Pendleton Kennedy, the State Li gerel, “Punch, brothers, punch,' with its absurd brarian of Virginia, who has added a valuable stress on the last syllable of 'passenger'? Mr. introduction containing numerous extracts from Kent's sonnet on Lord Beaconsfield has this contemporary newspapers and unpublished | limping line, 'How scathlessly from out the fury Broadsides.' The letters and minutes of the and foam.' Just after animadverting on the split Colonial Committee of Correspondence are ap infinitive, we find the critic guilty of ‘no less pended to the Journal of each year, and add than four new editions,' a use of less for fewer much to the value of the work. It is to be hoped which he soon afterward repeats. These are that Mr. Kennedy's anouncement that the entire trifles light as air, but polish brings out even series of Burgess Journals will be printed is to minute flaws, and in treating a writer who pays be carried into effect, and that he will also be such attention to the small points of style, and able to comply with the request of students to who incidentally sneers at 'the shallower sort of print the valuable collections of transcripts in American scholars,' an American reviewer feels the Library from the British Museum and Brit justified in pointing out minute defects. Mr. . ish Records office. Kent's 'Schraden-freude' for 'Schadenfreude' is another small error, for which, after all, perhaps Few and fit will be the readers at- Literary trifles tracted to the late Armine Thomas the long-suffering printer will consent to bear light as air. the blame. Kent's 'Otia,' edited by Mr. Harold Hodge, of the "Saturday Review,' prefaced Oregon Trail, The centennial of the Lewis and with a brief memoir by Mr. Arthur A. Bau and life in the Clark Expedition has drawn public mann, and published by Mr. John Lane. Mr. new country. attention to our great Northwest Kent's early literary success gave promise of country, reviving our interest in its history and noteworthy achievement still to come; but he in its wonderful natural resources. A glimpse died at the age of forty-seven without accom- of the life of the early immigrants during the plishing anything in letters worthy of his fine toilsome march across the plains and through the scholarship, his critical acumen, and his poetic mountains and deserts, and of the social condi- gift. 'A dangerously comfortable income' and a tions in the new land, is afforded by Mrs. Abigail ready yielding to the claims of society are partly Scott Duniway's 'From the West to the West' responsible for this. The volume under review em (McClurg). The tale is apparently founded upon braces the printed, and a few hitherto unprinted, a journal kept by a young girl who was a member products of his graceful and scholarly pen, being of an overland party in the early fifties, and por- chiefly short book-notices contributed to the 'Sat trays in a realistic fashion the hardships and urday Review. These deal principally with perils and dilemmas which beset the path of the poetry, or books about poetry, and go somewhat pioneers. Into this story of adventure is woven minutely into matters of style and even into a series of romances which give the author an verbal criticism. Two longer essays, on the Della opportunity to exploit her ideas on such diverse Cruscans and on Leigh Hunt as a poet, are re themes as the property rights of wives, woman printed from the National Review' and the suffrage, and thought-transference. The book Fortnightly' respectively. Twenty-five short affords an interesting though somewhat idealized poems from Mr. Kent's pen are scattered through picture of the early days, but makes no preten- the book. Excellent in its way, and characteris sions to historical or geographical accuracy, -as tic, is the discussion of The Pains of Rhyme,' witness the arrival of the hero at San Francisco deploring the staleness of most of our available from Astoria after 'four days of languorous idle- rhymes. Painters may repeatedly and trium ness on a glassy sea (sic!), with 'lights of the phantly surmount the difficulties of their art,' Farallones to the leeward, while on their left but the man has yet to be born who can make rose Mare Island; and they knew that they were repeated and triumphant rhymes to "moon." ' In nearing the Golden Gate.'— In the 'Letters from the matter of verse-making, the author elsewhere an Oregon Ranch,' from the same publishers, we pours out his scorn on the time-honored practice are given a series of pictures of the out-of-door of inversion to suit the exigencies of metre and pioneer life of to-day in that romantic region. rhyme, as Wordsworth's, 'My name is Alice Fell, Surely no 'native son' could be more genuinely and I to Durham, sir, belong'; or 'We'll for our enthusiastic over the beauties and possibilities of whistles run a race. What, then, has he to say his State than is this newly adopted 'webfooter' for this line of his own,-'He the soon coming who has abandoned city life in the East for the of his July knows,' or this, "My thoughts on trials and discomforts of the frontier. Nothing vaguer issues wait'? Other instances are easily daunts her cheery enthusiasm; deficiencies in found. Mr. Kent had a fine ear to detect un equipment or supplies only make more strenuous musical or limping lines, and a keen sense for call upon ingenuity, or give occasion for cheerful 46 [July 16, THE DIAL jest; and rain-bound isolation affords an oppor acy, the various steps in the reform movement tunity for charming details of fireside comfort. under Henry VIII. and Edward, the Catholic There are a number of attractive full-page illus Reaction, the Books of Common Prayer, and his trations, which, with the author's pleasing in martyrdom under Queen Mary. The character terpretations of the green and growing world and ability of Cranmer are skilfully portrayed, about her, give an excellent idea of the verdure and the work may be counted as a real contri- clad coast regions of Oregon. bution to popular knowledge on this important period. Twenty portraits embellish the volume A study of To write expertly of children re- and add to its value. 30th century quires such a vast fund of informa- children. tion and immediate experience that it is generally considered quite a hopeless task, readily attempted and as readily neglected. To NOTES. write of one child, or of some children, is com- parative easy; but children as a class or as a The Macmillan Co. publish • Examples in Alge- social factor offer obstacles to the pens of all bra,' by Mr. Charles M. Clay, a work containing except such daring spirits as Mrs. Charlotte eight thousand carefully graded exercises and prob- lems. Perkins Gilman, and such martyrs to the cause as Mr. E. H, Cooper. Even Mr. Cooper, in his “Justice in Colonial Virginia,' by Mr. Oliver Perry Chitwood, is a new volume of the · Johns Hopkins charming book on 'The Twentieth Century Child' University Studies in Historical and Political (John Lane), makes terms with his subject and Science.' discusses English children, and, of those, mostly How to Read and What to Read' by Mr. Sherwin the children of the better classes. The value of Cody, is a little book of friendly guidance along his book lies largely in its very personal tone, the highways of literature, published at the Old in the assurance it gives that stories and inci Greek Press, Chicago, dents are simple reality, and therefore that Mr. 'Israel's Historical and Biographical Narratives,' Cooper's theories are based on sound experience. by Dr. Charles Foster Kent, is a new volume in These theories are well worth study, contain "The Student's Old Testament' series published ing hints regarding the proper management of by Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons. the child in all its relations, at play, at lessons, 'The Organization of Ocean Commerce,' by Dr. in sickness, in company. The chapter on Prayers J. Russell Smith, is a publication of the University is especially suggestive, although the premise is of Pennsylvania in the series of monographs on hardly one to be generally conceded. Religious 'Political Economy and Public Law.' feeling,' Mr. Cooper says, 'may or may not be Two new volumes in the Columbia University ‘Studies in History, Economics, and Public Law' a matter of temperament in the case of grown- are Dr. Edwin C. McKeag's “ Mistake in Contract' up folk; in the nursery there is, I imagine, no and Dr. George G. Groat’s ‘Trade Unions and the emotion or lesson which can be less easily forced Law in New York.' into the pupil's mind.' In spite of an intense A booklet giving the story of 'Rhinegold,' edited interest in and fondness for 'The Twentieth Cen- by Mr. O. Kramer, is the first of a series on "The tury Child,' Mr. Cooper is rarely or never senti Ring of the Niblung,' prepared as a companion to mental about him, and writes with more than opera-goers. Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons in- usual sense about the child's personal responsibil port this little volume. ity for the leading attributes of his character. A little Garden Calendar for Boys and Girls,' "The disagreeable child' is as important a factor by Mr. Albert Bigelow Paine, is published by the in nursery life as the disagreeable man is in the Henry Altemus Co. It is a prettily-illustrated na- life of the world, and any system of training ture-book for children, with a chapter of description which leaves out of account a child's innate ten- (in the form of dialogue) for every month of the year. dency toward the disagreeable is bound to be un- Mr. B. H. Blackwell, Oxford, England, reprints fair to the child who most requires system. Mr. 'An Account of Virginia, Its Situatlon, Tempera- Cooper supplements his theoretical writings with ture, Productions, Inhabitants and Their Manner of stories by children, and with others about chil Planting and Ordering Tobacco,' by Thomas Glo- dren, that lend attractiveness to his book. ver. The reprint is in facsimile, and is from the Philosophical Transactions of 1676 (the year of Cranmer and The dignified and weighty series of Bacon's Rebellion). the English moderate-sized biographies of the Our Native Orchids,' published by Messrs. Reformation. 'Heroes of the Nations' (Putnam) Doubleday, Page & Co., is a work based upon draw- is continued by Mr. Albert Frederick Pol ings and notes left by the late William Hamilton lard's "Thomas Cranmer and the English Re Gibson, the text now elaborated by Miss Helena formation,' 1489-1556. The author writes with Leeming Jelliffe. This is a book which supplies a the authority of a professor of constitutional want long felt by the amateur botanist, and we give it a cordial welcome. history in University College, London, and of previously successful authorship upon the Volume VIII. of the Publications of the Missis. history of this complex period. After a chapter Riley, has just been sent us from Oxford, Missis- sippi Historical Society, edited by Mr. Franklin L. on Cranmer's early life, the story begins with sippi. The volume contains twenty-seven original the divorce of Catharine of Aragon, with special contributions, including several notable papers on reference to Cranmer's part in bringing it about. the Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians, besides an im- Succeeding chapters discuss the Royal Suprem- portant group of papers on the reconstruction period, 1905.] 47 THE DIAL 'Nuremberg and Its Art to the End of the Eigh- teenth Century,' by Dr. P. J. Rée, translated from the German by Mr. G. H. Palmer, is imported by the Messrs. Scribner in the 'Famous Art Cities ' series of illustrated monographs. ' Demeter,' a masque by Mr. Robert Bridges, written last year for the ladies of Somerville Col- lege, Oxford, and performed by them at the inaugu- ration of their new buildings, is now published in pamphlet form at the Oxford Clarendon Press. The interesting announcement of a work of prose fiction by Mr. Swinburne comes to us from the Lon- don 'Atheneum.' It is to be entitled « Love's Cross Currents,' and is supposed to be a satire upon certain characteristics of modern society. Mr. Swinburne's only previous effort in this form of composition is ' A Year's Letters,' published pseu- donymously in The Tatler' many years ago. We also note that the new edition of his . Tragedies,' in five volumes, has been inaugurated with a volume which includes" The Queen Mother' and 'Rosa- mond.' Messrs. Harper & Brothers will be the American publishers of these works. BOOKS OF VERSE. FROM CRYPT AND CHOIR. By Louis Alexander Robertson. 16mo, gilt top, pp. 64. San Francisco : A. M. Rob- ertson. $1. net. GIRDLE OF GLADNESS. Poems by Arad Joy Sebring. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 63. Richard G. Badger. $1. TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION. THE JORDAN VALLEY AND PETRA. By William Libbey, Sc. D. and Franklin E. Hoskins, D.D. In 2 vols., illus., 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $6. net. CHINESE LIFE IN TOWN AND COUNTRY. Adapted from the French of Emile Bard by H. Twitchell. Illus., 16mo, uncut, pp. 285. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.20 net. GLIMPSES OF THE LEWIS AND CLARK ExposITION, and the Golden West. Square 12mo, illus. Laird & Lee. 75 cents. HISTORY. PROVINCIAL AMERICA, 1690-1740. By Evarts Boutell Greene, Ph.D. With frontispiece and maps, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 356 * The American Nation' series. Harper & Bros. $2. net. A HISTORY OF THE PARISH OF TRINITY CHURCH in the City of New York, Compiled by order of the corporation, and edited by Morgan Dix, S.T.D., D.C.L. Part III. Illus. in photogravure, 4to, gilt top, uncut, pp. 538. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $5. THIRTEEN CHAPTERS OF AMERICAN HISTORY: Represented by the Edward Moran Series of Thirteen Historical Marine Paintings. By Theodore Sutro. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 113. Published by the author. $1.50 net. A COLONY OF EMIGRES IN CANADA, 1798-1816.' By Lucy Elizabeth Texton, Ph.D. 4to, uncut, pp. 86. . Studies in History and Economics.' University of Toronto. LIST OF NEW BOOKS. [The following list, containing 41 titles, includes books received by THE DIAL since its last issue.] pp. 80. SOCIOLOGY AND ECONOMICS. MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE. By James Bryce, D.C.L. 8vo, Oxford Univ. Press. CONSTITUTIONS. By James Bryce, D.C.L. 8vo, pp. 341. Oxford Univ. Press. JUSTICE IN COLONIAL VIRGINIA. By Oliver Perry Chit- wood. 8vo, uncut, pp. 121. 'Johns Hopkins Univer- sity Studies.' Johns Hopkins Press. Paper. TRADE UNIONS AND THE LAW IN NEW YORK. By George Gorham Groat, Ph.D. 8vo, uncut, pp. 134. • Studies in History, etc.' Columbia Univ. Press. Paper. $1. MISTAKE IN CONTRACT: A Study in Comparative Juris- prudence. By Edwin McKeag, LL, B., Ph.D. 8vo, uncut, pp. 132. Studies in History, etc.' Columbia Univ. Press. Paper, $1. BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS. JOSEPH JOACHIM, By J. A. Fuller Maitland. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 63. 'Living Masters of Music.' John Lane. $1. net. EDWARD FITZGERALD. By A. C. Benson. 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 207. · English Men of Letters.' Macmillan Co. 75 cts. net. MEMOIRS OF A ROYAL CHAPLAIN, 1729-1763 : The Cor- respondence of Edmund Pyle, D.D., Chaplain in Ordi- nary to George II., with Samuel Kerrich, D.D. An- notated and edited by Albert Hartshorne. Illus, in photogravure, etc., 8 vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 388. John Lane. $4. net. DOCTOR QUINTARD, Chaplain C.S.A., and Second Bishop of Tennessee: Being His Story of the War (1861- 1865). Edited and extended by Rev. Arthur Howard Noll. With frontispiece. 12mo, pp. 183. Sewanee, Tenn.: The University Press. $1.50. GENERAL LITERATURE. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE. Compiled by Nina E. Browne. With frontispiece portrait, 8vo, un- cut pp. 215. Houghton, Miffin & Co. THE OUTLOOK TO NATURE. By L. H. Bailey. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 296. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net. BOOKS AND PERSONALITIES. By H. W. Nevinson. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 317. John Lane. $1.25 net. SOUND AND MOTION IN WORDSWORTH'S POETRY. By Mary Tomlinson.' 16mo, uncut, pp. 31. Poet Lore Bro- chures. Boston: The Poet Lore Co. 50 cts. net. NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE. WORKS OF ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON, ‘Biographical' edi- tion. New vols. : An Inland Voyage, Familiar Studies, Island Nights' Entertainments, and The Wrecker. 16mo, gilt tops. Charles Scribner's Sons. Per vol. $1. ; limp leather, $1.25 net. SELECTED WORKS OF BENJAMIN DISRAELI, LORD BEACONS- FIELD. • Cabinet Edition.' Young England, being Vivian Grey, Coningsby, Sybil, Tancred. In 4 vols., each illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut. L. C. Page & Co. Per vol., $1.50. FICTION. THE LITTLE HILLS. By Nancy Huston Banks. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 325. Macmillan Co. $1.50. THE STORM CENTRE. A novel. By Charles Egbert Crad- dock. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 351. Macmillan Co. $1.50. A TWENTIETH CENTURY IDEALIST. By Henry Pettit. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 303. The Grafton Press. $1.50. Two MOODS OF A MAN. By Horace G. Hutchinson. 12mo, Pp. 321. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50. MACMILLAN'S PAPER NOVELS. New vols.: The Celebrity, by Winston Churchill; The Real World, by Robert Herrick. Each 12 mo. Macmillan Co. 25 cts. each. THEOLOGY AND RELIGION. ISRAEL'S HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL NARRATIVES. By Charles Foster Kent, Ph.D. Illus, with maps and chronological charts, 8vo, pp. 506. Students' old Testament.' Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.75 net. THE CERTAINTY OF THE KINGDOM, and Other Sermons, By Heber D. Ketcham, D.D. With frontispiece, 16mo, pp. 152. Jennings & Graham. THE MIND OF METHODISM-A Brief. By Rev. Harvey Reeves Calkins, M.A., B.D. 16mo, pp. 40. Jennings & Graham. 25 cts, net. MISCELLANEOUS. BUSHIDO: The Soul of Japan. By Inazo Nitobe, A.M., Ph.D.; with an introduction by William Elliott Griffils. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 203. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25. net. IVORIES. By Alfred Maskell, F.S.A. Illus. in photo- gravure, 4to, gilt top, uncut, pp. 443. • Connoisseur's Library' G. P. Putnam's Sons. $6.75 net. THE CAMERA IN THE FIELDS : A Practical Guide to Na- ture Photography. By F. C. Snell. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 256. A. Wessels Co. $1.25. THE SUNNY SIDE OF THE STREET. By Marshall P. Wilder. Illus., 12mo, pp. 359. Funk & Wagnalls Co. $1.20 net. FOOLISH FINANCE. Compiled by Gideon Wurdz.' Illus., 12mo, pp. 130. John W. Luce & Co. THE JUDGMENT OF PARIS. By Peter Fandel. 12mo, un- cut, pp. 80. Boston: The Poet Lore Co. $1.25. STRAY LEAVES FROM A SOUL'S BOOK. 12mo, gilt top, un- cut, pp. 178. Richard G. Badger, $1.50. 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LIBRARY RESEARCH The STUDEBAKER for scholars, writers, and others, who have not at hand the books needed in preparing theses, lectures, addresses, club papers, books or articles for publication, or in any piece of investigation. Highest university and library references. Miss M. H. BUCKINGHAM, No. 96 Chestnut Street, Boston, Mass. SHAKESPEARE, First Folio Edition fine Arts Building Michigan Boulevard, between Congress and Van Buren Streets, Chicago. RICHARD CARLE Presents Himself in THE MAYOR OF TOKIO A FARCICAL OPERA Edited by PORTER-CLARKE. Printed by DeVINNB Volumes now ready: "Midsommer Nights Dreame," "Loves Labours' Lost," "Comedie of Errors," "Merchant of Venice," "Macbeth" "Julius Cæsar," “Hamlet." Price in cloth, 750. per vol.; limp leathor, $1.00 per vol.; postpaid. THOMAS Y. CROWELL & CO., New York THE DIAL PRESS, FINE ARTS BUILDING, CHICAGO THE DIAL A SEMI- MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. EDITED BY FRANCIS F. BROWNE. Volume XXXIX. CHICAGO, AUGUST 1, 1905. No. 459. 10 cls. a copy. | FINE ARTS BUILDING, 203 Michigan Blvd. 82. a year. L. C. Page & Company's New Books THE FAIR LAND TYROL W. D. McCRACKAN With 38 illustrations from photographs selected and taken by the author. Net $1.60; postage extra. * Not only readable for itself, but usable side by side with a guide-book as an excellent description of the principal places in the country."-New York Evening Post. Re-issue of the essential edition for book-lovers of THE RUBAIYAT OF OMAR KHAYYAM Superbly illustrated. Multivariorum Edition. Edited by Nathan Haskell DOLE. Two vols., crown 8vo, Persian cloth, gilt tops, paper labels, boxed, $6.00. MRS. JIM AND MRS. JIMMIE Author of The Second Mr. Jim." $1.50. JUST PUBLISHED STEPHEN CONRAD Author of The Second Mrs. Jim." With colored frontispiece from drawing by Arthur William Brown. Another altogether delightful " Mrs. Jim" book, even more refreshingly original and humorous than the first. CHARLES G. D. ROBERTS CAMERON OF LOCHIEL From the French of De Gaspé. With colored frontispiece from drawing by H. C. Edwards. $1.50. A striking story of the adventures of a young Scotch captain of Highlanders during the war for the possession of Canada. RIDGWELL CULLUM IN THE BROODING WILD Author of The Hound from the North." With cover design and frontispiece from drawings by Charles Levinston Bull. $1.50. Throbs and vibrates with the tremendous force of tameless energy."—Philadelphia North American. THEODORE ROBERTS OF PERIL Author of " Hemming the Adventurer," etc. With four illustrations in color from drawings by H. C. Edwards. $1.50. "A stirring tale, with the great merit of novelty in both setting and theme."—Brooklyn Eagle. BROTHERS READY IN AUGUST THE GRAPPLE GRACE MacGOWAN COOKE Author of " The Last Word," etc. A powerful story of the struggle between employer and employee during a strike in the Illinois coal fields. RETURN: A TALE OF THE GEORGIA , Sixth 1 ALICE MacGOWAN and SEA ISLANDS IN 1739 | Edition GRACE MacGOWAN COOKE With six pictures from paintings in oil by C. D. Williams. $1.50. A story of great value, rich in color, and crowded with telling characters."-New York Sun. MORLEY ROBERTS LADY PENELOPE (Fifth Edition) Author of "Rachel Marr," etc. With nine character portraits by A. W. Brown. $1.50. “An amazingly clever satire told with most cheerful audacity."—New York Times. 50 [August 1, THE DIAL AN INDISPENSABLE BOOK FOR EVERY READER Right Reading Words OF GOOD COUN- SEL ON THE CHOICE AND USE OF BOOKS, SELECTED FROM TEN FAMOUS AUTHORS OF THE 19TH CENTURY. SOME of the most notable things which distinguished writers of the nineteenth century have said in praise of books and by way of advice as to what books to read are here reprinted. Every line has something golden in it. New York Times Saturday Review. 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Of especial interest also is No. 44, the memoir of Captain Meriwether Lewis, leader of the Lewis and Clark expedition. Price, 5 cents a copy. $4 per 100. Send for complete lists. DIRECTORS OF OLD SOUTH WORK Old South Meeting House WASHINGTON STREET, BOSTON THE HE DIAL is more generally consulted and depended upon by LIBRARIANS in making up ORDERS FOR BOOKS than any other American critical journal; it circu- lates more widely among RETAIL BOOK- SELLERS than any other journal of its class; it is the accustomed literary guide and aid of thousands of PRIVATE BOOK-BUYERS, covering every section of the country. 1905.) 51 THE DIAL Early Western Travels Dirt Cheap 1748-1846 A SERIES OF ANNOTATED REPRINTS of some of the best and rarest contemporary volumes of travel, descriptive of the Aborigines and Social and Economic Con- ditions in the Middle and Far West, during the Period of Early American Settlement. Edited, with Historical, Geographical, Ethnological, and Bibliographical Notes, and Introductions and Index, by REUBEN GOLD THWAITES, LL.D. With facsimiles of the original title-pages, maps, portraits, views, etc. Each volume, large 8vo, cloth, uncut, gilt top. Price $4.00 net per volume (except the Atlas, which is $15.00 net). The edition is limited to 750 complete sets, each numbered and signed; but in addition thereto, a limited number of the volumes will be sold separately. With an Elaborate Analytical Index to the Whole. If you buy soon, before the boom begins Irrigated Lands Farming Lands Stock Ranches Rice Lands Fruit Farms Truck Farms "An undertaking of great interest to every student of Western history. Exhaustive notes and introductions are by Dr. Thwaites, the foremost authority on Western history, who is also to supply an elab- orate analytical index, under one alphabet, to the complete series. 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Price of each volume, $2.50 net (postage 27 cts.) “ The guiding idea of the present work is to view the subject as the record of an evolution, and to trace the growth of the nation from the standpoint of that which preceded, rather than from that which followed," quotes THE NATION from Dr. Channing's Preface, and continues : “ The satisfactory realization of these two principles constitutes the distinguishing char- acteristic of the first volume. . . . The most enduring impression which Professor Chan- ning's work leaves upon the mind in respect of scholarship is, indeed, the sense of mastery. ... The narration moves easily along, without haste and without rest, devoid of ornament, but not without its quiet humor at times, or now and then a biting epigram. . . . But to do justice to the book it is neessary to read it, and that is undoubtedly what all students of American history will do while awaiting the subsequent volumes." The ATLANTIC MONTHLY comments : “From Professor Channing's beginning it is evident that his will be a standard history. He writes with perfect independence after weighing all the testimony. He is very sober-minded, with a preference for moderate statement, and for reducing legends to their lowest terms. He leans to the critical rather than to the narrative side. As there is in America no historian more careful and thorough than he, and none more loyal to the scientific method, so it is noteworthy that he has given great attention to the literary form of his history. From the promise of his first volume one may pre that he will hold for years to come a position similar to that held by Bancroft in an earlier generation.” “When the well-known logic and accuracy of this writer is considered, his constructive genius, sense of pro- portion, and vivid feeling for the dramatic color and movement that of themselves make the great facts of history a thing of life, rather than a dull catalogue of causes and effects which it becomes in the hands of some of our established historians, the charm and the interest of such history writing cannot be overestimated.” - TORONTO MAIL AND EMPIRE, June 3, 1905. “It is rare to find a scholarly history which has so great a charm." THE CONGREGATIONALIST, June 17, 1905. “The scholarship easily surpasses that in any other undertaking of the kind, and the clear, pleasing, and simple style makes the book eminently readable.” - NEW YORK INDEPENDENT, June 29, 1905. THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, 64-66 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application; and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All communications should be addressed to THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. LNTERED AT THE CHICAGO POSTOFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER BY THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. No. 459. AUGUST 1, 1905. Vol. XXXIX. CONTENTS. PAGE FREDERICK DENISON MAURICE. Bicknell. Percy F. 53 56 . COMMUNICATIONS Americans at Oxford. Thomas Wentworth Hig- ginson. Japanese Imperial Poetry. Ernest W. Clement. AN ENGLISH STATESMAN OF THE OLD SCHOOL. Lawrence J. Burpee 58 BULGARIAN AND ROUMANIAN FOLK-SONGS. Charles Bundy Wilson . FREDERICK DENISON MAURICE. Aubrey de Vere used to say that listening to Maurice was like eating pea-soup with a fork. Professor Jowett, in describing to Sir M. E. Grant Duff a sermon preached by Maurice be- fore the University of Oxford, said, “All that I could make out was that today was yesterday, and this world the same as the next. In one of her lively letters, Mrs. Carlyle writes: 'Mr. Maurice we rarely see, nor do I greatly regret his absence; for, to tell you the truth, I am never in his company without being attacked with a sort of paroxism of mental cramp! He keeps one always, with his wire-drawings and paradoxes, as if one were dancing on the points of one's toes (spiritually speaking). And then he will help with the kettle, and never fails to pour it all over the milk-pot and sugar basin!” A letter from Carlyle himself to his mother characterizes poor Maurice in much the same manner, but more emphatically,-'one of the most entirely uninteresting men of cenius that I can meet; and all twisted, screwed, wiredrawn; with such restless sensitiveness, the utmost ina- bility to let nature have fair play with him;' and again, 'I do not remember that a word ever came from him betokening clear recognition or healthy free sympathy with anything. Mar- tineau found Maurice's Theological Essays on the whole shadowy and unimpressive. I hardly think,' he continues, a man has any business to write till he has brought his thoughts into distincter shapes and better defined rela- tions than I find in Maurice. He seems to me to have a mere presentiment of thinking, a ten- tative process in the direction that never fairly succeeds in getting home.' Finally, John Stuart Mill maintained that 'great ingenuity and subtlety, and a wide perception of import- ant and unobvious truths, served him, not for putting something better into the worthless heap of received opinions on the great subjects of thought, but for proving to his own mindi that the Church of England had known every- thing from the first, and that all the truths on the ground of which the church and orthodoxy have been attacked (many of which he saw as clearly as any one), are not only consistent with the Thirty-nine Articles, but are better under- stood and expressed in these Articles than by any one who rejects them.' These and many more adverse criticisms, 59 > THE JAPANESE PEOPLE AND THE JAPAN- ESE SPIRIT. William Elliot Griffis 62 64 RECENT AMERICAN POETRY. William Morton Morton Payne Miss Cox's Poems, Lyric and Dramatic. Miss Branch's The Shoes that Danced. - Miss Ban- field's The Place of My Desire. — Miss Gee's The Palace of the Heart. -Scollard's Odes and Ele- gies. — Neidig's The First Wardens. — Ledoux's Songs from the Silent Land. — Newell's Words for Music. - Chadwick's Later Poems. — West's The Ninth Paradise. — Mifflin's The Fleeing Nymph.- Jackson's Love Sonnets to Ermingarde. — Hender- son's Pipes and Timbrels. — Bradford's A Pageant of Life. — Doyle's The Haunted Temple. - Rob- ertson's From Crypt and Choir. 68 . BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS Early Years of the Royal Academy. - FitzGerald as an English man of letters. — Chapters on New England celebrities.-A readable volume on Thomas Moore.-An interesting character-study of Beetho- ven. — Classical revival in Education. BRIEFER MENTION 71 . . NOTES 71 54 (August 1, THE DIAL amid innumerable eulogies of exactly contrary ing and morality, his labours have been wholly import, have been passed upon a man who ex in vain.' erted a powerful influence for good in his time, Surely there was a humorist lost to literature and the hundredth anniversary of whose birth when Frederick Denison Maurice turned his now recalls him, not unwelcomely, to mind. It face Oxfordward, took holy orders, and devoted may be interesting, without attempting any his energies to Christian Socialism and the originality of treatment or trying to fix anew reformation of a wicked world. Earlier and his place in English literature and thought, to still more sprightly specimens of his literary glance briefly back over Maurice's life and recall work, put forth in his unregenerate ' days, had some of the things he has said and some of the already appeared in ‘The Metropolitan Quar- things others have said about him. He was terly Magazine,' which he and a student friend born Aug. 29, 1805, at Normanstone, near edited and kept alive for a whole year. It is Lowestoft, being the fifth child of a rather re curious, and rather mournful, to find Maurice, markably philoprogenitive Unitarian minister when long afterward he became professor of and teacher of youth. The diversity of religious casuistry and moral philosophy at Cambridge, preference shown by the numerous members of laying open his breast to his young hearers and the Maurice family, including the mother, and publicly repenting of an extremely clever par- their epistolary method of communicating their ody on Bentham’s ‘Book of Fallacies' which lapses into orthodoxy to the heterodox father he had printed in that short-lived student jour- ander whose roof they all dwelt in common, pre- nal. I ought not to have done it,' he solemnly sent a scene of some picturesqueness. Frederick declares. 'I showed, by doing it, that I was himself seems early to have developed inde-wanting in reverence for grey hairs, and for the pendent views in religion and never to have continuous effort of a man through a long life, embraced his father's Unitarianism, life-long at the risk of pain, at the cost of pleasure, to effect dissenter though he was from the conventional what he thought good for his fellows. If I had Church-of-Englandism. Educated at Cam not been more a victim of his theory (utilitari- bridge, he left the university in 1827 without anism] than he was, I should have paid greater a degree, his quarrel with the Thirty-nine Arti honour to him. But his 'Puritan tempera- cles, to which he afterward became so notably ment,' as Maurice himself frequently called it reconciled, depriving him of a diploma. Then in his letters, was bound to assert itself; and followed a short experience of literary life in hence the 'twisted, screwed, wiredrawn' result, London, where he wrote his philosophical novel, as viewed by Carlyle. There is said to be extant ‘Eustace Conway, and where at the age of a letter of Maurice's, written at ten years of age, twenty-three he edited the then recently com which prefigures, by its precocity and self-con- bined' Athenæum' and ' Literary Chronicle - sciousness, this phase of the mature man. And unsuccessfully from a commercial point of so we must take him as we find him, even in- view. Perhaps a passage from one of his edi cluding his torturing of all science and phil- torials will partly explain this unsuccess. It osophy into conformity with the Thirty-nine certainly reveals qualities that make one regret Articles. How he contrived to regard the war- the writer's early abandonment of the pen fare between science and those Articles as a for the pulpit as a profession. The editorial is concord and not a disagreement, is hard to con- probably unexampled in journalism. ceive. It must have been in a Neo-Platonic 'It is very gratifying,' he writes, 'to think ecstasy of immediate intuition that the har- that the influence of reviewers upon society is mony revealed itself to him. This reconcilia- every day becoming more and more limited. In tion of opposites by removing them to some nine cases out of ten it is a question of no ma region of four-dimensional mental space, baf- terial consequence to the public, or to any indi fles and bewilders the poor plodder who feels vidual of it, whether the verdicts which they constrained to content himself with the possi- give are carelessly uttered or are the result of bilities of space of but three dimensions, and mature and conscientious deliberation. The may even move him to cry out with Isaiah, 'Woe most perseveringly impartial and earnest critic unto them that call evil good, and good evil; will find that he has some power of that put darkness for light, and light for dark- strengthening the foundations of his readers' ness, that put bitter for sweet, and sweet for opinions, but very little of forming those bitter!' As a brief illustration of Maurice's opinions, changing them, while the the surprising feats in logical gymnastics, his nim- most indefatigable of the scribes of darkness bleness in jumping off his own shadow, take his can scarcely flatter himself that he has done any defense of religious tests at the universities. By single act of successful mischief, and must con some process of reasoning for which he is per- sole himself with the reflection that, in the haps indebted to Coleridge, whom he so greatly silent work of lowering the tone of public feel reverenced, he arrived at the conviction that a or 1905.] 55 THE DIAL teacher who was not bound by any predeter “wasted time," while he was, but too literally, mined conditions always tied down his pupils working himself to death,— this was the child- much more rigidly than one whose conditions of like temper which made some lower spirits now teaching were fixed beforehand. He believed and then glad to escape from their consciousness that all evidence went to show that, both his of his superiority by patronizing him; causing torically and logically, an undergraduate's sig- in him — for he was, as all such great men are nature to the Thirty-nine Articles like to be, instinct with genial humour - a cer- implied only that the pupil accepted the Articles tain quiet good-natured amusement.' Many of as presenting the conditions under which he these lower spirits held that, as no man could was taught. Hence he looked upon possibly be so wise as Thurlow looked, so none subscription as a defense of liberty.' could be so good as Maurice seemed; and these Yet there were occasional incongruities in the were of the number of his detractors. That he things of orthodox theology that not even Mau could on occasion bravely and cheerfully suffer rice's robust faith could harmonize. Leslie for his faith, his life gave abundant and con- Stephen quotes with manifest relish the closing vincing evidence. By publishing his “Theo- words of one of his Old Testament lectures. logical Essays, dealing with the atonement and Discussing Jacob's shabby treatment of his eternal life, he lost his professorship of theology brother Esau, the lecturer, after citing the usual in King's College, London. apologies, was forced to add: ‘After all, my Somewhat surprising must it seem that with brethren, this story illustrates the tendency of his genius for dissent, his independence of the spiritual man in all ages to be a liar and a thought, and his unfaltering obedience to the sneak.' voice of conscience, he should have entered the It would puzzle a mere reader of Maurice's English Church at the age of twenty-nine, when now little-read writings to explain his influence all his training and traditions would appear to and leadership among his fellows. Mr. Saints have pointed him in another direction. This bury thus places him as a writer and thinker: and many other matters must be puzzled out as 'A very generous and amiable person with a best one can with the help of the excellent biog- deficient sense of history, Maurice in his writ- raphy of the man, compiled chiefly from his ings is a sort of elder, less gifted, and more letters by his son, and published twenty-one exclusively theological Charles Kingsley, on years ago in two thick volumes,-a veritable whom he exercised great and rather unfortunate mine of pleasant reading, along with wire draw- influence. But his looseness of thought, way- ings and paradoxes that are less entertaining. ward electicism of system, and want of accurate Maurice has been dead now a third of a ntury; learning, were not remedied by Kingsley's splen- but this biography, rather than his own books, did pictorial faculty, his creative imagination or together with the abundant references to him his brilliant style.' Like Newman, Maurice that occur in contemporary memoirs, as well as argues to a foregone conclusion. His pages are Tennyson's lines. To the Rev. F. D. Maurice,' richly suggestive, but his train of thought is will keep his memory green for years to come. elusive. He was great not because of, but in A few of the Tennyson stanzas may fitly be spite of, his sermons and essays. The man was quoted here: vastly more than his visible performance. He *For, being of that honest few Who give the Fiend himself his due, was a leader largely because, while worthy of Should eighty thousand college-councils a following, he cared so little for the honors of Thunder “Anathema,” friend, at you; leadership, but was always so ready to encounter Should all our churchmen foam in spite its dangers and fatigues. 'In more than At you, so careful of the right, Yet one lay-hearth would give you - welcome twenty-five years, writes Charles Kingsley, 'I (Take it and come) to the Isle of Wight. have known no being so utterly unselfish, Come, Maurice, come; the lawn as yet so utterly humble, so utterly careless of power Is hoar with rime, or spongy-wet; or influence, for the mere enjoyment — and But when the wreath of March has blossom'd, Crocus, anemone, violet, a terrible enjoyment it is — of using them. Staunch to his own opinion only when * Or later, pay one visit here, it seemed to involve some moral principle, he Nor pay but one, but come for many, was almost too ready to yield it, in all prac- Many and many a happy year.' tical matters, to any one whom he supposed to A short and probably familiar anecdote, in possess more practical knowledge than he. To To closing, will perhaps help to convince the distrust himself, to accuse himself, to confess doubters, if such there be, that his memory is his proneness to hard judgment, while, to the well worth preserving. Half a century ago five eye of those who knew him and the facts, he Cambridge men were discussing a recent execu- was exercising a splendid charity and magna tion, as a preliminary to which the chaplain of nimity; to hold himself up as a warning of the jail had spent a whole day with the con- . . For those are few we hold as dear; 56 (August 1, THE DIAL demned man in his cell, — the poor fellow's last and not, as in America, from the community at day on earth. The five were of one mind in large. It is hard, in view of this circumstance, declaring that there were very few persons whose to regard seriously Mr. Nixon's complaint, seem- presence at such a time and for such an interval ingly endorsed by you, that these English youths, would not add a new terror to death. The talk representing what are or should be cultivated families, are more familiar than the then turned upon the choice each would make Amer- young icans at Oxford with the names of artists and if he had to choose a companion for those last musical composers. Is not this to confound social hours of mortal existence, and it was proposed polish with scholastic training? Surely he and that each should write his choice on a slip of you must have noticed a similar difference in paper. This was done, and when the papers American colleges between city and country boys, were opened all five were found to contain the while yet, tried by the standard of scholarship, same name, – that of Frederick Denison Mau the country boys are quite as apt to come out rice. ahead. If all this is true at home, it is as liable PERCY F. BICKNELL. to be true of American students who go to Oxford by the aid of an educational charity. I do not know exactly what the author whom you quote means by the American students being COMMUNICATIONS. silent partners in conversation' where 'gen- eral culture' is concerned. The charge of undue AMERICANS AT OXFORD. silence is so new an imputation upon young Amer- (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) icans, that one hardly knows whether to grieve Will you permit one of your oldest and most or to rejoice over it. So far as general culture faithful readers to raise a question or two as to involves the use of a variety of languages, it has some points in your leading article of July 16, always been a source of wonder to me, on the an article certainly entitled to much attention, continent of Europe, to see how our English and in many respects admirable, but also perhaps cousins, with the immense advantage of the nar- suggestive of some criticism? It is an article rowness of the British channel, yet seem to speak making comparisons between English and Amer the languages of the continent less frequently ican universities. than do Americans of similar social grade. This Let it be said, in advance, that I am not wholly was first forced upon me, some thirty years ago, ignorant of either class of institutions; having by a remark of the late Lord Houghton, who com- been born in the very shadow of Harvard College, plained in my hearing that when a French visitor of which my father was an officer, and having came to him in London, with a letter of introduc- been a member of its examining board for more tion, he always found it hard to get together half than half a century, and a resident in Cambridge a dozen Englishmen who could talk with the guest for the greater part of my life. Across the ocean, in his own language. The same remark he makes, I have never been a student at an English uni- I think, somewhere in his 'Monologues.' Happen- versity; but I have at four different times visited ing to speak of this, some time since, to a Harvard Oxford and Cambridge as a guest, and have had professor, he meditated for a moment, and then many friends and relatives among their students. said, 'It would not take me five minutes to think So far as these qualifications entitle to an opinion, of half a dozen American guests to meet, either I should venture to assert that while some of in Cambridge or Boston, a newly-arrived French- your points are well made, you do in other direc man, German, Italian, or Spaniard, and to talk tions very great injustice to the American point with him freely in each case in his own language. of view. This seems to look much more like what you Take, for instance, as one of the slightest, your call 'an adequate equipment' than do the points claim that 'the English student works harder at on which you dwell. his reading during the long vacation than during But there is one matter at issue far more impor- term.' Here you wholly ignore the vast differ tant than any of those already mentioned, or ence in summer climates between the countries, indeed than all of them put together. You do a difference which makes it absolutely impossible not even allude to the enormous difference which for an American student to do bookwork in sum must, and indeed should, exist between English mer to any purpose in our largest libraries, -as and American training, in the fact that the larger those at Washington, New York, and Cambridge, part of our children's book-knowledge consists, -and which actually drives him, as I know from and should consist, in the history and sociology personal experience (for I habitually work all of their own country. Every educational institu- summer), to rural or seaside places, where the tion among us, from primary school to university, books he most needs are apt to be inaccessible. must needs put these branches first and all else The English student, on the other hand, can work later, even as Hans Andersen's motherly hen anywhere, without serious obstacles, all the year found it her duty to teach her chickens the round. geography of their own barnyard, and after A more important difference, in looking over scratching it up thoroughly, to look through a the points, of which you and Mr. Nixon com knot-hole in the neighbor's fence and see how plain, lies in the fact that the mass of students large the world was. Here is a direction in which at Oxford are drawn from a picked social class, the English schoolboy remains not merely in hope- - 1905.] 57 THE DIAL ions did not presuppose as unqualified an ac- ceptance of them as our friendly critic seems to imagine. We may also call attention to the fact that Colonel Higginson, in the closing paragraphs of his letter, ingeniously shifts the question at issue from that of the American schoolboy's preparation for college to the very different question of the equipment of the edu- cated American gentleman.-EDR. THE DIAL.] less ignorance, but with teachers who know quite as little; nor can they, indeed, spare the time to know more. Any American who doubts this needs only to look about him in the reading-room of any London club and see how the smallest country newspaper is sure of attentive readers if only printed in England, and how few read French or German papers, and how surely the stray New York ‘Nation' or 'Tribune' if there be one, has to be hunted up in a corner, where only some American guest ever opens it. Such is, or at least was, the state of things a few years ago, before President Roosevelt had startled even English readers into curiosity. Until within a few years at least, they seemed at best in the mood of the Cambridge (Mass.) schoolgirl who complained to her mother, the other day, that she did not wish to study American history any more, it was 'so cluttered up with Adamses.' It happened to me, a quarter of a century ago, to be dining with six or eight university men, at the table of the one Englishman who is said to know more of this country than any other. Talk fell upon the ignorance on the part of Englishmen of all but three or four American authors; and I, to hold my own, had to make a decisive point in the game. I called attention to the fact that the most eminent of our historians, and the one least likely to be superseded, was so absolutely unknown in England that probably not a person present, except our host, would even recognize his name. This being received with a general smile of incre- dulity, I gave the name of Francis Parkman; upon which the guests all admitted, with English frank- ness, that they had never heard of such a per- son,-all, that is, except the youngest of the com- pany, who had been for a short time in Wash- ington, on the staff of the British minister, and who had a vague impression that he had heard the name before. It is now nearly twelve years since Parkman died, and he is perhaps less abso- lutely unknown in England than during the greater part of his life; but does the class of students among whom not only he, but the great theme he handled, passed unnoticed, afford an adequate school for the whole training of an American youth? Grant its value as subsidiary training; grant the unequalled charm thrown by Professor Butcher, for instance, about Greek and Latin studies; yet all this can be transplanted to America more easily than one trace of the Ameri- can intellectual atmosphere can be transferred to England. To lose this is to risk that sense of vague homelessness, which was so pathetic in Henry James's lectures this last season, and which has recalled in the newspapers that old saying that even his cosmopolitanism has its lim- itations, since to be truly cosmopolitan one must be at home even in his own country. THOMAS WENTWORTH HIGGINSON. Glimpsewood, Dublin, N. H., July 17, 1905. [While we are not disposed to carp at the argument embodied in Colonel Higginson's very interesting communication, we feel bound to say that our quotation of Mr. Nixon's opin- JAPANESE IMPERIAL POETRY. (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) I have occasionally sent you specimens of Japanese Imperial Poetry, of which some of the latest may be found in your issue of January 1, 1905. I am now glad to be able to call attention to a collection of such poems, made by Prof. Arthur Lloyd, of the Imperial University. He has recently issued, through the Kinkodo Publishing Company, Tokyo, a volume of 159 pages with the title of 'Imperial Songs.' These include poems, not merely by the Emperor and the Empress, the Crown Prince and the Crown Princess, but also by other distinguished personages, like Baron Takasaki, "Poet Laureate of Japan.' Most of the poems are 'tanka' of only thirty-one syllables; but there are also specimens of the naga-uta' or long poems. The Japanese originals are given on one page, and the translations on the opposite pages. Professor Lloyd has not attempted to give a literal translation of these concise poems, but has exercised considerable license in paraphrasing them in such a way as to bring out the hidden meaning. He has also added occasional notes to explain the purpose of a poem or the meaning of an allusion. The volume is a valuable contribution to the English literature of things Japanese. I append a few examples of the poems. • Take heed unto thyself; the mighty God That is the Soul of Nature, sees the good And bad that man in his most secret heart Thinks by himself, and brings it to the light.' (HER MAJESTY THE EMPRESS.) • The foe that strikes thee, For thy country's sake Strike him with all thy might; But while thou strikest, Forget not still to love him.' (HIS MAJESTY THE EMPEROR.) Our cause and aims are righteous, and our arms Righteously wielded : who shall dare resist?' (BARON TAKASAKI.) 'On fair Arashi's slopes the rooted pine trees stand, So midst the storms and wind, firm-rooted, stands Our Land.' (H. I. H. THE CROWN PRINCE.) • The circling year renews itself to-day, New entering on the ancient course of months. All is renewed, the time-worn sea itselt Wears a new face to greet the new-born year.' (H. I. H. THE CROWN PRINCESS.) ! A sweet perfume is on our Master's sleeve, The perfume of the sweetest flower on earth, Loyalty, growing in the nation's heart.' (LADY ISAO SEIGENJI.) This volume by Professor Lloyd is of special interest and value because it reflects the thoughts and ideals of the Court of Japan. ERNEST W. CLEMENT. Tokyo, July 10, 1905. 58 (August 1, THE DIAL Books. Dufferin never for a moment wavered in his The New affection for Ireland and her people, nor ceased in his efforts to better their condition. AN ENGLISH STATESMAN OF THE For some years we find him filling minor OLD SCHOOL.* offices at Court and in the Government, presid- ing over several important Royal commissions, There is a noticeable tendency nowadays, on taking an active part in the deliberations of the part of over-zealous relatives and friends, Parliament, travelling everywhere in Europe, to inflict upon a long-suffering public intermin- and carrying on always a correspondence with able biographies of men whose lives and achieve- his hosts of friends in and out of public life, ments were essentially mediocre. The conven- which throws a clear light upon a personality tional two-volume ‘Life' has thus come into which was in so many ways remarkable and such disrepute that even in the case of a sub- attractive. Perhaps nowhere else does one get a ject of such undoubted eminence as the late better conception of his true character than in Marquis of Dufferin the reader hesitates before Lord Dufferin's letters to his mother, that bril- plunging into the pages of his formidable-look- liant daughter of the Sheridans. The warmth ing biography. It may be said at once, how- of his affection for his mother shines through all ever, that here at least is an exception, and a the early pages of his life, and it was as beau- brilliant exception, to the rule which some of us tifully commemorated in the famous Helen's would like to see generally enforced against Tower, dedicated to her use while she lived, and monumental biographies. Whether the credit is to her memory thereafter. Everyone knows due chiefly to Sir Alfred Lyall, who wrote it, Tennyson's lines, so perfectly appropriate to or to the inherent qualities of his subject, the the theme, as Tennyson well knew how to fact remains that, having once opened the book, make them,nervous, granite-like words, as its six hundred odd pages slip by in a way that Lord Dufferin himself described them. one generally associates more with a book of • Helen's Tower, here I stand, fiction than of biography. Making every deduc- Dominant over sea and land. tion for the imperfections inseparable from even Son's love built me, and I hold the best biographies, one reaches the conclusion Mother's love in lettered gold. Would my granite girth were strong that here a really great subject has been treated As either love, to last as long. both adequately and effectively. I should wear my crown entire To and thro' the Doomsday fire, It is one of the chief merits of Sir Alfred And be found of angel eyes Lyall's work that he has absolutely possessed In earth's recurring Paradise.' himself of the great secret of true biography: But one cannot do better than quote Lord to submerge the biographer's own personality, Dufferin's own tribute to this remarkable wo- and allow the life of his subject to speak for man, from whom he derived many of the charac- itself. It may seem at first sight an easy task teristics which he describes in her. to edit the journals and correspondence of a "Thus there went out of the world' (he says) great man in such a way as to give a clear, con one of the sweetest, most beautiful, most accom- secutive, and readable account of his life; but plished, wittiest, most loving, and lovable human anyone who has succeeded in producing such beings that ever walked upon the earth. There was no quality wanting to her perfection; and I say a biography will give a very different version of this, not prompted by the partiality of a son, but the difficulties to be overcome. The present as one well acquainted with the world, and with biographer was fortunate in having access to both men and women, There have been many very extensive mass of private and official corre- ladies who have been beautiful, charming, witty, spondence from and to Lord Dufferin, covering and good, but I doubt whether there have been any who have combined with so high a spirit, and most of the periods of his long and eventful with so natural a gaiety and bright an imagina- career; and this correspondence he has worked tion as my mother's, such strong unerring good into his narrative with rare skill, discrimina sense, tact, and womanly discretion; for these last tion, and good taste. characteristics, coupled with the intensity of her affections, were the real essence and deep founda- Few public men have covered so wide a field tions of my mother's nature.' of usefulness as Lord Dufferin. Educated at Eton and Oxford, he had scarcely left college the son developed into a true, honorable, and · With such a mother, one need not wonder that before he threw himself energetically into the strong current of public affairs. Some of his manly man, a warm and steadfast friend, a earliest activities had to do with the difficult charming companion, a brilliant, broad-minded and patriotic statesman. problem of the administration of Ireland, and from that time to the close of his life Lord We now reach the point in Lord Dufferin's career where he entered upon what might be * THE LIFE OF THE MARQUIS OF DUFFERIN AND AVA. called the upper plane of public life. In 1872 By Sir Alfred Lyall, P.C. London: John Murray. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. he was appointed Governor General of Canada, 1905.) 59 THE DIAL liked you. -- one of the highest and most important offices in and the warmth of his Irish heart, we get a the gift of the British Crown, Six years later last glimpse in his much-quoted letter to Lord he returned to England, and after a very brief Salisbury, written two days before his death : visit to Clandeboye, his Irish home, went to 'I do not think you ever knew how much 1 St. Petersburg as Ambassador to the Court of This is all that I have strength the Czar. It is interesting to note, as a remark to 'say. Good-bye, and God bless you.' able tribute to Lord Dufferin's standing as a The warm personal friendship which could diplomat and statesman that although then and subsist between two such strong political oppo- always a staunch Liberal he was sent to St. nents as Lord Dufferin and Lord Salisbury is Petersburg by Lord Beaconsfield, as the only one of the finest characteristics of British poli- man for the place, at a peculiarly trying and tics, and one which might well be emulated on critical moment. this side of the Atlantic, both north and south Upon his return from St. Petersburg, his of the international boundary. knowledge of the intricate problems of the Near LAWRENCE J. BURPEE. East, gained in connection with an earlier mis- sion to Syria, and through extensive travels in Egypt, pointed him out as the man for the vacant ambassadorship to Constantinople, where a strong diplomat was badly needed to uphold BULGARIAN AND ROUMANIAN British prestige and steer the Sultan through FOLK-SONGS.* the rocks of Oriental intrigue. In 1884, Lord Dufferin accepted the office That the interest in folk-songs and folk-lore of Viceroy of India, an office which he filled is reviving is evidenced by the appearance of with most conspicuous success. The intricate two new volumes in which have been gathered and delicate problems of Indian administration, songs and stories that have come from the hearts the annexation of Burmah, the relations with of two neighboring nations, Bulgaria and Rou- Afghanistan, the menacing advance of Russia mania. They appeal to us because in them we toward the northwest boundary, were all han- find the love, the aspirations, the anguish, the dled with consummate skill. It is worth noting mysteries of the human soul. They are the that Lord Dufferin was equally successful in two wild-flowers of human nature. such radically different offices as the Viceroyalty Among all the collectors of Bulgarian folk- of India and the Governor Generalship of Can- songs, the three most important have been ada; the former corresponding in a measure to Petko Slaveikoff, Stephen Verkovich, and an absolute, the latter to a constitutional mon- Dmitri Miladinoff. After Slaveikoff's death, an archy. In India he had to rely in large measure enormous number of unprinted folk-songs was upon his own judgment in the administration of found among his papers. Many of these have the domestic affairs of the great dependency, since been published in the collections of other while in both domestic and foreign affairs he men. It was he who wrote down the epic songs was hampered by the cumbrous machinery of of Marco which were printed by the Russian the India Office and the Foreign Office at Home. Academy of Science in 1855. His greatest In Canada, on the other hand, he had no direct work was, however, the collection and publica- control of the government of the country, and tion of proverbs, the second volume of which had to rely upon his own native shrewdness, his was brought out after his death, by his heirs. close knowledge of human nature, and the com- The two volumes contain over seventeen hun- dred proverbs. pelling power of his personality, to achieve those He did a great service to ends which he deemed essential to the best inter- humanity also through his Bulgarian transla- ests of both the Dominion and the British Em- tion of the Bible, which was published by the American Bible Society. Pencho Slaveikoff, at pire. Here again one may note the admirable skill with which he handled the very difficult son of Petko Slaveikoff and one of the authors of The Shade of the Balkans,' dismisses with situation created by what was known in Cana- dian politics as the Pacific Scandal, involving the the word 'forged' Verkovich's two large vol- temporary downfall of the great Canadian umes of folk-songs which were published in statesman, Sir John Macdonald, and his gov. THE SHADE OF THE BALKANS. Being a collection of ernment. Bulgarian folk-songs and proverbs, here for the first time rendered into English, together with an essay on Bulgarian Of his ambassadorship at Rome, and after popular poetry, and another on the origin of the Bulgars. ward at Paris, there is not space to say anything London: David Nutt, here. In 1896 he retired definitely from public SONGS OF THE VALIANT VOIVODE, and other Strange Folk-lore, for the first time collected from Roumanian life, to the great regret of the Queen, the gov peasants and set forth in English. By Hélène Vacaresco, ernment, and the country. collector of the Roumanian folk-songs published under the of the Dimbovitza.' New York: Of the generosity of Lord Dufferin's nature Imported by Charles Scribner's Sons, title of • The Bard 60 (August 1, THE DIAL 1874-82, and he alleges that like the Bohemian The witch knew that a sword was in Stamboul, A hero-sword that Marko must possess, Hanka, who discovered his own poems in the She leaped upon her brown, swift-running deer, vaults of the church-tower of Königinhof, so Dark adders did she seize upon for reins did Verkovich find in the Rhodope Mountains a And for the stirrups fiercely-shining adders, While for the whip she swung a yellow snake, colossal and most amazing seam of poetry. I And so she whirled along to buy the sword.' have no means of verifying or refuting this Such similarities are common, and they seem to accusation. indicate a close connection with the songs of Perhaps the best collection of Bulgarian folk- classic Greece. songs is that of Dmitri Miladinoff and his The chief characteristic of these songs, as of brother, which was published in 1861 through all folk-songs, is objectiveness. In this they the munificence of Dr. Strossmayer, who has differ from artistic poetry. In some of them we þeen Bishop of Djakovo in Croatia for more find a rather severe mode of expression, which is than fifty-five years. The Shade of the Bal- reflected in the general tone. The form is more kans' is now dedicated to this generous man. or less varied, and the division into strophes is Since the days of these famous collectors, usual. Their purely outward characteristics are twenty-one volumes of Bulgarian folk-songs the lack of rhyme and the peculiar rhythm. have been published, and the 'Sbornik,' a jour- The rhythm is multifarious and highly elastic, nal of folk-lore, science, and literature, issued Mr. Slaveikoff says; and it does not adapt itself by the Bulgarian Minister of Education, con- tinues to be a storehouse for songs and other to the usual pronunciation of the words, but to the number of syllables, with one or more inter- folk-lore. mediate accents according to which the verses The Shade of the Balkans' is divided into are divided into rhythmical parts. Each verse three parts: The Folk-Song of the Bulgars,' contains from four to fourteen syllables, and is by Mr. Pencho Slaveikoff; The Shade of the divided into two or four rhythmical parts. In Balkans, which includes one hundred and one the hero songs the prevailing verse has ten sylla- songs, one hundred and one proverbs, and bles, in nearly all others eight syllables. appendix and notes, by Mr. Henry Bernard; and 'The Origin and Language of the Primi- A passage in Mr. Bernard's Introduction describes the peculiar method of selecting the tive Bulgars,' by Mr. E. J. Dillon. The intro- songs in this book: duction has been written by Mr. Bernard. "This is the process which each of them under- It has not been possible for students to estab- went: after Slaveikoff had given a discursive and lish a tenable theory as to the exact birthplace charmingly allusive translation into German, we of the Bulgarian folk-songs, but two serious debated — not always, I confess, without ferocity - attempts have been made, and each one places as to whether we should include it. If the objec- the origin in Macedonia. Without accepting tions were overcome Slaveikoff gave a more accu- rate rendering and in order that I should preserve these theories, Mr. Slaveikoff divides Bulgaria the metre, with its accentuation, he spoke in Bul- into three song-provinces, and maintains that garian various lines which I took down pho- the north and the south are the chief sources netically. But, apart from the limits of language, of the heiduck songs, the Rhodope Mountains, it is a perilous affair to translate the half-lights and subtleties of poetry, and one of the para- up to the river Vardar, of the love-songs, and mount joys of our work was the result of our limi. western Bulgaria and Macedonia, beyond the tations. Whenever we came to a passage that was Vardar, of the hero songs; and he finds no truth at all recondite, we set about the conquest of it in the assertion that the songs of northern Bul- by means of metaphor and illustrative anecdote and fearless flights of the imagination.' garia, when contrasted with songs from other parts fall short in poetical power, and that in This is in sharp contrast with Mlle. Vacaresco's general the natives of the north are less richly method of collecting folk-songs and legends for endowed with power than their southern kins- her book. men. But in northern Bulgaria new folk-songs The following selections represent the differ- are being created under the immediate influence ent varieties of songs: of artistic poetry; this is due to the reawakening · The wind is blowing over the fields, of Bulgarian culture, and is the herald of grave But out of my heart it sweeps not the darkness. I would that a wind should be made of my sighs, changes in the very character of the folk-song, That it would speed over mountain and valley, Mr. Slaveikoff says. The author draws atten- And it will surely find my beloved, tion to the fact that the motive and the subject It will sing him a desolate song, It will sing till he thinks of me.' of Bulgarian folk-songs often show evidence of venerable age. The following fragment, for Sore, sore afflicted was Nicholas the Tartar, Nine endless years had he lain in bed, instance, reminds one very forcibly, he thinks, In among his hair grew the grass already, of the goddess who undertook to procure a new While a swarm of flies buzzed within his ears, And from his body many worms were crawling, shield for the Homeric heroes : He could not be cured, neither could he die.' - - 1905.] 61 THE DIAL * Dear Ivan, listen to me, of such an accusation when we read Mr. Ber- Listen and do as I say, First find a good, strong sack, nard's characterization of his collaborator in the Place in it thy sorrows and mine, Introduction: Then plough the field of thy father And sow our sorrows therein. 'Slaveikoff is the caged lion of Sofia. Great, Ii they give birth to a rose massive shoulders, a massive head, swarthy with We'll ask for the marriage-bell, beard of black and silver (though the poet is But if a nettle comes forth under forty), a brow that sets one thinking, and We must bid each other farewell.' eyes — eyes weary with the world's trouble, dark- · The wood did neither weave nor spin ling eyes, eyes of the twilit woods, then of a wood- For through the winter she was ill, land faun, eyes that lure you and dance away But when it was Saint George's Day, from you, eyes that laugh at you and their owner, The joyous festival of spring, unbearable eyes. Slaveikoff is the figure of revolt." She was arrayed in finished robes, In finished robes of emerald.' But we are touched with a feeling of generosity The proverbs have been taken without excep- toward Mr. Slaveikoff by a communication from tion from Mr. Petko Slaveikoff's two volumes Mr. Bernard in which he says: “For the sake of previously mentioned. Some of the most inter unity and convenience, I put all the denuncia- esting follow: tion of Miss V. into Slaveikoff's mouth at the 'Only the nightingale can understand the rose.' conclusion of his essay in our book. As a mat- "Woman desires three husbands at once: one ter of fact, I collected the various items from rich, one comely, one fierce,- to support her, to him and from others.' And this essay is pre- love her, to beat her.' sumably by Mr. Slaveikoff, and is signed by "The smaller saints will be the ruin of God.' The clergyman's son is the devil's grandson.' him, and yet a part of it, on Mr. Bernard's own 'Death speaks the truth.' admission, is a compilation by himself. Such In the proverbs, as a whole, there is mirrored, a procedure casts suspicion upon the whole book. according to the opinion of Mr. Pencho Slavei There can, of course, be no real doubt as to koff, more than anywhere else that extremity of the authenticity of the songs published by Mlle. individualism which so sharply differentiates the Vacaresco and subscribed to by Carmen Sylva.' Bulgarian from his neighbors, and his brood It is indeed preposterous that a reigning Queen ing undemonstrative character crops out here of the noble character of Elisabeth of Roumania and there. In not a few there is something to should be allowed by her subjects to sign an justify Mr. Slaveikoff's regrettable assertion assertion which might be declared false any day. that there is little in married life save toil and Carmen Sylva went to Roumania in her youth, torment and tribulation.' and for more than twenty-five years she has Basing his arguments upon the work of Mr. studied the soul of the Roumanian peasants and Shishmanov, Mr. Dillon concludes, in the third the folk-lore of the land. Hélène Vacaresco is a section of the book, that Bulgar means 'Volga maid of honor to this Queen, a member of the man,' and he says it is manifest, consequently, highest' aristocracy, a daughter of a former that this people must have dwelt on the shores minister plenipotentiary, and at least two of of the Volga before their division into two her books have been crowned by the French branches, and it is equally clear that they lived Academy, one being the very work condemned there for a long period before that event. by the authors of 'The Shade of the Balkans,' The book contains much of great interest, but and it was recommended to the Academy by one we deplore the evident hasty preparation, the of the greatest French authorities on the sub- newspaper style, the immoderate tone, the preju-ject, M. Gaston Paris. M. André Bellessort, dice, and above all the unwarranted and undig who has recently published in the 'Revue des nified attack upon the work of ‘ Carmen Sylva Deux Mondes' a series of articles on his two and Mlle. Vacaresco, who have performed a years' study and travel in Roumania, is led to really noble service in presenting to the world quote Mlle. Vacaresco's works as the best expres- the beautiful folk-songs of Roumania; they have sion of what he saw and admired. All these done for that country what Professor T. F. facts vouch for their honesty and integrity, and Crane has done for Italy. Mr. Slaveikoff, for certainly they are worthy of respectful treat- instance, speaking of 'The Bard of the Dimbo ment. It appears, though, as if the authors of vitza,' a collection of songs published by Mlle. “The Shade of the Balkans' were trying to Vacaresco with the collaboration of the Queen draw attention to their own work by decrying of Roumania, makes the amazing charge that the work of others. As a further example, Mr. they are manufactured songs,' that 'the Rou Bernard published in the London Bookman' manian peasant has not the remotest idea of for April a sarcastic review of Mlle. Vacaresco's these songs, and that they are nothing more Songs of the Valiant Voivode,' at the same than a fabrication of the Merry Wives of time speaking of a part of his own book as Bucharest. We can understand the fierceness 'brilliant.' In reading. The Shade of the Bal- > 62 [August 1, THE DIAL kans' I have not felt the pious sensation expe Note the imagery in the lines from the story rienced by another reviewer, about whom Mr. about Ilie and Pauna: Bernard reports that 'he feels he might as well 'Pauna, the fair daughter of the Voivode, was review the Bible.' Indeed, “the smaller saints sitting in the moonlight on the banks of the river, will be the ruin of God'! I recommend to the her spindle in her hand, her distaff in her belt, while the maidens around her filled the silvery authors another of their proverbs : hours with tales of valour and love. A wandering * That from your life the sourness may depart shepherd's flute was heard from the neighboring You must have sweetness come into your heart.' hill, and the water laughed and sighed by turns Songs of the Valiant Voivode,' as stated on as it glided at their feet beneath the tall reeds. the title-page, were collected among the Rou- The maidens who sat around the young Princess were twelve maidens fair, but fairer than Pauna manian peasants. In a personal letter, Mlle. was none as she listened to their words, and sighed Vacaresco reaffirms this assertion, and says that and laughed by turns like the water between the many of these songs were told to her by the reeds.' servants in her father's house, by an old gar An explanation of the differences between dener, and by a nurse. The following quota- these Roumanian songs and legends and the tions from the dedicatory epistle to her cousin Bulgarian songs may be found in the differences breathe the spirit of the book : between the two nations. A few of the Rou- These tales and legends of our dear country manian pieces display love of battle and of belong to you by right of inheritance and by birth blood; but on the whole, as compared with the right too. For months I have wandered from Bulgarian songs, the Roumanian show more viliage to village and gathered the strange sweet stories; they grow like flowers in the wide domains simplicity, more poetic sympathy with nature, that bear our name. You know how pecu- more sensitiveness to music, and more joy in an liarly proud and graceful is the stature of a Rou ideal of justice and of beauty. manian peasant against the golden sky of our CHARLES BUNDY WILSON. native land, and how much he still retains in his mind and his words the love of imaginative crea- tion of symbols, and of song.' The titles of some of the most characteristic songs and stories are: The Enchanted Palace THE JAPANESE PEOPLE AND THE Between the Enchanted Trees, The White JAPANESE SPIRIT,* Serpent and the Little Beggar Girl," "The Wil Dr. Scherer’s ‘Story of the Japanese People' lows' Daughter,'The Fairy and the Waterfall,' is a companion book to his 'Japan To-Day "Thisca,' The Church-builder.' There are issued a few months ago. Naturally attracted many others that are equally beautiful, and in to the educational side of his subject by reason nearly all the genuine flavor of the folk-song of his having been for five years teacher in one is easily detected. The opening lines of the of the government schools of Japan he looks at story of Dragomira are touching in their sweet this young nation's early culture, adolescence, simplicity : and modern school-days, and ever with a criti- ‘Dragomira was the sweetest and fairest girl cal eye. It is not at all certain that Dr. Scherer in the village; she loved God, the sunlight, and prefers the Japanese to the Chinese; and his the birds; she tended all the living and frail creatures that came across her, and her heart was fairness in discriminating the faults and the as clear and bright as the crystal beads of her virtues of either race gives his writing judicial necklace and the new-born flowers she wore every value. Aesthetics set over against ethics, love morning in her hair. Yet Dragomira died one even of beauty as contrasted with the more solid ing when there was neither sun nor moon to mourn virtues of character, sentimentalism as opposed over her in the sky, when all the little birds were asleep.' to conservatism, are what he sees in the age-long drama of the Far East. No special acquain- The introductory lines to the song about the Moldavian Princess and the fairy make their tance with the originals of Japanese thought, in appeal through delicate feeling: archæology, history, literature, or the currents of the modern philosophy of Japan, is noted on 'I have come to the well, and though my pitcher's full these pages; but Dr. Scherer has read and quotes I'll not return till I see the moon rise, the authors whose research and critical insight Sometimes relates & tale to me, are manifest. The dark shadows in the picture of modern Japan are dwelt upon by one who For the moon sees the hearts of maidens and their tears, knows the reality away from which such writers I love the tales of the moon, For the moon travels far and yet always returns • YOUNG JAPAN. The story of the Japanese People and To her place in the sky. especially of their Intellectual Development. By James For the moon looks on cradles and looks on graves B. Scherer, D.D., President of Newberry College, Phila- delphia: J. B. Lippincott Co. Ah! I love the tales of the moon. THE JAPANESE SPIRIT. By Okakura Yoshisaburo. New This tale the moon hath told, which I will tell to thee.' York : James Pott & Co. Because the sweet moon when she rises And I love the tales of the moon. Even more than the sun. With the same smile. 1905.] 63 THE DIAL as Hearn and Arnold so sedulously direct our of contents or index, the matter forming in attention. The two cancers at the core of the itself one uninterrupted chapter. Japanese character are deep-set dishonesty and After naming some of the scholars who have abandoned impurity.' The sale of daughters helped the Japanese both to know and to by their parents for immoral purposes under the express themselves, the author passes on to the guise of filial piety' and licensed prostitution question of the origin of his people. Like most as a source of government revenue, are still Japanese, he will not acknowledge the Ainu, a ' institutions,' even while the five noble qualities straight-eyed and big-nosed white race, whose of the Japanese character – bravery, loyalty, hairiness has been somewhat exaggerated, to be alertness, thoroughness and self-control, in part progenitors of the present Japanese charm the world. With Ito as exponent of race. He does not seem to be acquainted with Japan's purely cultural creed, and Okuma's the researches of Dr. Batchelor, who finds in plea that the Biblical type of noble life will the Ainu language (not 'Aino,' which means never be out of date, the author concludes that dog's offspring) a near relative to the Aryani the present is the critical period of this sturdy family. American ladies will be sorry to learn, young nation's life. Shall Okuma's advice to what nevertheless is entirely true, that straight welcome the Christian missionaries and their eyes and eyebrows make a very bad impression book and message, or Ito's, to accept the ma on the Japanese, suggesting weakness, lasciv- terialism of the West and virtually ignore its iousness, and so on. Blue eyes and blond hair religions, be taken? Upon the answer to this are extraordinary, in no favorable sense of the question, says Dr. Scherer, depends the future term. Brief and on the whole brilliant analyses manhood of Japan. The style of the book is of the original mental pabulum of the Japan- clear, straightforward, and marked by ease and ese, as furnished by Confucianism, Taoism, and poise. It is the book for the hour; for the Buddhism, are given; but the author frankly chief problems about Japan just now concern confesses, what all students know, that the Jap- her real purpose and moral force. anese are not a people with much aptitude for It is a good thing for Japan, standing as the deep metaphysical ways of thinking. No Kant vanguard of Asia, to have native as well as alien or Schopenhauer is likely to be produced in interpreters. Heretofore, strangers who see but Japan, where even the leaders have the easy the surface of things have been rather voluble contentment of men of action. The canon of in explaining to the world the causes and mean- Buddhism has never been translated into the ing of the re-birth of Japan. Now, however, we vernacular, and the abstruse conceptions of have sons of the soil speaking of these matters India and China were received just as they with authority. Already a respectable company were preached, being quickly generalized and of Japanese writers of English are uttering their turned into so many working principles. In a plea and defense, their vindication and explana- word, the Japanese are a very practical, matter- tion,—Nitobé, Suyematsu, Kaneko, Adachi, of-fact people. Even true ancestor-worship, and the Okakura brothers. One of these lat though the author does not acknowledge it,-is ter, Kakuzo, has written on 'The Awakening of of Chinese, not native, origin. Imported from Japan,' and the other, whose work is now under China, this cult was immediately turned into a review, has essayed to unveil the mysteries and political engine. The author shows many signs potencies of the Japanese spirit. This book is of having read Nitobé well. He acknowledges not so strong or original as . The Awakening of Japan's large indebtedness to the Zen sect of Japan,' but it seems to do more justice to the Buddhism, especially in treating of Bushido, work and influence of Buddhism as the mother which he exploits handsomely. It is most and nurse of Japanese civilization. The Intro- delightful and refreshing to find a Japanese duction, by Mr. George Meredith, need not con- writer who, while stalwart in maintaining cern an American very seriously, though Mr. Yamato Damashii (really Japanese wit, not Meredith shows that the foolish talk of the Yel valor, rather than Chinese learning), winds up low Peril is, inthe light of the revelations of this with a sentence like this: "We feel it a most work, simply fatuous. These Spartans in fight, agreeable duty gratefully to acknowledge our Stoics in grief' will not be inflated to the point immense obligation to the nations of the West.' of insanity by the success of their arms. WILLIAM ELLIOT GRIFFIS. This book owes its existence to the suggestions of Mr. Martin White, whose keen interest in comparative sociology led to the opening of The Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh has just special courses for its investigation in the Uni published an . Annotated Catalogue of Books Used in versity of London. In its literary form, it is the Home Libraries and Reading Clubs Conducted by the Children's Department.' The arrangement is the reproduction and expansion of the lecture by subjects, and there is an index of authors and delivered there by its author, it having no table titles. 64 (August 1, THE DIAL RECENT AMERICAN POETRY.* The ‘Poems, Lyric and Dramatic' of Miss Ethel Louise Cox are of singularly fine quality. We will begin to justify this assertion by quot- ing the lyric called 'Sleep.' • Soft fall upon mine eyelids, gentle Sleep, Like rain of roses ! though I wake to weep, Quiet my heart ! * Bring on thy wings that peace that day denies, The dewy balm that with the morrow flies ; And then depart! Love hath its own sweet joy and dear delight: And Thought its aery blisses, fancy light! Dearer thou art!' The inspiration of this song seems to come from Shelley, and it is of him that we are reminded upon many other pages, particularly on those that contain a ' Prometheus' fragment in dramatic form. Thus for example, speaks the Voice of the Earth in the poem just named: . Within my dreams I stir! I hear afar Aërial voices singing! tones divine ! Yet heard I, trembling to my shuddering heart, An awful voice of anguish ! agony Of him born of my fertile bosom, loved Of Earth, the Titan. Olet me no more Those fearful murmurs hearken from the heights, The solitary mountains ! Keener grows The ancient pain of Earth!' This extract, besides being an echo of Shelley, also illustrates the author's predilection for classical themes, which are predominant among those of which she sings. And we find in some of these classical studies many signs of the influence of still another poet — not a greater, but one more difficult of imitation. Here are the closing verses of the poem entitled 'Lethe': POEMS, LYRIC AND DRAMATIC. By Ethel Louise Cox. Boston: Richard G. Badger. THE SHOES THAT DANCED, and Other Poems. By Anna Hempstead Branch. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, & Co. THE PLACE OF MY DESIRE, and Other Poems. By Edith Colby Banfield. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co. THE PALACE OF THE HEART, and Other Poems of Love. By Pattie Williams Gee. Boston: Richard G. Badger. ODES AND ELEGIES. By Clinton Scollard. Clinton, N. Y.: George William Browning. THE FIRST WARDENS. Poems by William J. Neidig. New York: The Macmillan Co. SONGS FROM THE SILENT LAND. By Louis Vernon Ledoux. New York: Brentano's. WORDS FOR MUSIC. A Symphonic Series. By William Wells Newell. Boston : Small, Maynard, & Co. LATER POEMS. By John White Chadwick. Boston : Houghton, Mifflin, & Co. THE NINTH PARADISE. Life-Verses New and old. By James H. West. Boston: The James H. West Co. THE FLEEING NYMPH, and Other Verse. By Lloyd Mifflin. Boston: Small, Maynard & Co. LOVE SONNETS TO ERMINGARDE. By Edward O. Jack- son. Boston: Richard G. Badger. PIPES AND TIMBRELS. By W. J. Henderson. Boston : Richard G. Badger. A PAGEANT OF LIFE. By Gamaliel Bradford, Jr. Boston : Richard G. Badger. THE HAUNTED TEMPLE, and Other Poems. By Ed. ward Doyle. New York: The Knickerbocker Press, FROM CRYPT AND CHOIR. By Louis Alexander Rob- ertson. San Francisco : A. M. Robertson. 'Sighs Shook the pale lilies at her breast; once more She raised the dewy cup within her palms, The limped water sparkled at its brim, “ Drink!” said she softly — then tears fell within The chalice, mingling with the crystal draught!' This has the very accent of Landor, and might easily pass for an extract from the Hellenics.' The pure and wistful Landorian note is sus- tained in many of these pieces, which reproduce in really wonderful fashion his classic grace and restraint, with its sense of evanescent beauty and of 'tears in mortal things.' 'Persephone in Hades' is not too long for us to quote. 'Drooping upon her throne, Persephone Eyed with dim looks the brooding darkness near; And heard the river eddies rippling led To misty banks of amaranth and pale Lilies of faint Elysium; and her heart Passioned for meads of Enna, flower-sweet! Young buds, and dewy flowers, and the dome of the blue skies, the faint star of the morn, Clear drops of dew, the song of soaring birds In the white dawn, and odor-breathing winds; Dreaming, she listened for voices of nymphs In pleasant vales, and river lawns. Beside Her, leaned dark Pluto, and his trembling words Whispered her close and sweet, were all unheard ; With promise of fair flowers as she lost 'Neath kinder skies -- rose leaf and daffodil ! of all the splendors of the halcyon earth So she would lift her fainting head! and 'neath His kiss, the last flower clinging to her locks Sole coronal of lone Persephone! Fell, with a shower of loose, odorous leaves.' We must make one more quotation, not this time to illustrate a thesis, but simply for the sake of the beauty embodied in these verses on Mutability 'We prize but what we lose! Could the spring stay, With its pure skies, perfumes, and rose, alway, Nor burn to summer bright stayed that fair star, A-tremble in the evening hush afar, Fixed in mild splendor in the purple sky! Would our hearts leap with the May morn? or sigh With passion for that one white sphere? so fair, O youth, wild white swan of Life's sea! would'st e'er Be, it we knew not that on some green day Thou would'st flee far, on faery seas away, To visionary lands, and meadows deep In fabled asphodel, and mists of sleep?' The inclusion by Miss Cox of the word 'dra- matic in the title of her book would be justified by the classical poems alone, many of which are dramatic in spirit if not in form. But a more literal justification is offered by the lengthy dramatic scene of “The Combat with the Dragon' which closes the collection. This work, however, is much less impressive than the poems which precede it in what must, taken as a whole, be considered a noteworthy volume of verse. "The Shoes That Danced, and Other Poems,' by Miss Anna Hempstead Branch, is the sec- ond collection of verse published by this writer. The somewhat singular title of the volume belongs to the opening piece, which is a dra- matic sketch in blank verse of unusual quality, having Watteau for its central figure. Miss 1905.] 65 THE DIAL Branch's work exhibits a mind saturated with Miss Pattie Williams Gee's The Palace of English poetry — particularly its naïve older the Heart, and Other Poems of Love' is a thin forms — and prettily echoes a variety of man volume of short pieces inspired mainly by relig- ners. It is touched with mysticism, and has ious fervor. A set of couplets called “Pax considerable imaginative reach. Many of the Vobiscum'may serve us for an example. pieces are marred by obscurity and an obvious 'If I could know your heart's supreme desire, straining for effect. A few verses from ‘Under If I could pierce through its devouring fire, Where this, unscorched, lies quivering, white and clear, the Trees' may be quoted: Its consummation would I wish you, dear. But since these eyes may not behold the place • The wonderful, strong, angelic trees, Which shrines your anguish-nor the void space, With their blowing locks and their bared great knees The empty chamber, flame-swept, phantom-wrought, And nourishing bosoms, shout all together For which your soul has bargained, sold and bought, And rush and rock through the glad wild weather. Take thou the yearning of my own heart's core :- • They are so old they teach me, God's soundless peace enfold you evermore, With their strong hands they reach me, Soothing the troubled Presence with its balm, Into their breast my soul they take, Filling the empty chamber with its calm ! And keep me there for wisdom's sake. Such peace be yours, dear, while the evening nears, Sweetening and deepening with the dying years!' • They teach me little prayers; To-day I am their child; A rather striking poem, different in theme The sweet breath of their innocent airs from the others, is the 'Mater Mea Carolina, Blows through me strange and wild. which celebrates the heroism and devotion of So many things they know, North Carolina during the Civil War. So learned with the ebb and flow By which the seasons come and go. We have at hand another of the charming Still the forefather stands little books, published in limited editions, into With unforgetting eyes, Forever holding in his tranquil hands which Mr. Clinton Scollard collects his poems. The fruit that makes us wise.' There are more than a dozen of these volumes Miss Edith Colby Banfield, whose brief life altogether, and the production of the poet came to an end two years ago, had published a flows on with sustained energy. The present few poems in the magazines, but the bulk of the book contains longer pieces than usual. They work now collected into a volume was left in are calles · Odes and Elegies,' and are seven in manuscript. These poems have been published number. One of them, a Phi Beta Kappa trib- just as they were found among her papers, and, ute to the memory of General Lawton, yields for in spite of the lack of polish which marks some quotation this fine passage: of them, they are deserving of this perpetua- * Many there be who watch with grieved eyes, And brows aflush with shame, tion. How high was the writer's ideal may be What they deem sacrilege in freedom's name, seen in the sonnet called “In Poetry's High And the mad warping of our destinies ; Tower.' Feeling no thrill exultant in them rise, Howe'er beneath the sultry Luzon skies • Up in this belfry tower of poetry Our armies triumph, but a sense of blame. I flee disquiet and the vexing things If ours the trespass, even as we sowed, Left far and dim below. 'Mid fluttering wings And still are sowing, shall the reaping be! I overlook the city under me, But who can follow this swift warrior's road, I see the morning break upon the sea, Resistless as the surge of the gray sea, And watch the westward spires where evening clings : And not be moved that we can claim the man Yea, this old bell, obedient that rings, As type of what we namo-American ! I even waken, halt and tremblingly. And ah, the blinding pity of it all, Could I but ring it as blind Milton rung, If we be smirching with a guilty red I would not need to see the morning light; The purity of Liberty's fountain-head, What sounds would issue from its mighty tongue, That through our error such an one should fall!' More strong than death, more comforting than sight! Ah, let no weakling think he can regain "The Dreamers' is the opening poem in this One single peal of that triumphant strain!' collection, and one of the best, although to our Since a full half of Miss Banfield's work con- thinking too liberally sprinkled with indiscrim- sists of sonnets, we will quote another poem in inately-chosen proper names. To this The this form, to illustrate the simple sincerity of March of the Ideal' is a companion ode. Of her work, and its directness of expression. another, President McKinley is the subject, and 'Land and Sea' is the title. Keats of still another. The remaining two, Unto His peoples God hath given the land, 'The Stars of Morning,' and 'The Oriskany And there allows their petty ownerships, are nature-poems in their main inspiration. Mr. Their little acres and asundered strips of titled earth, whereon their homes may stand; Scollard's work sometimes seems labored, but But He the sea reserveth in His hand, he has imagination and lofty idealism for fairly And all the waters thereunto that flow; The ships thereon are free to come and go steadfast companions, and they prompt him to By His sole sufferance; strand to farthest strand an utterance which is usually worthy of his The continents like documents reveal theme. Man's superscription and his countersign Traced on them legibly from line to line; The following sonnet, entitled 'Sea Burial, But like a hidden scroll the sea doth bear is selected from The First Wardens,' a volume The single stamp of God's great signet-seal Nor could he break it, who should even dare!' of poems by Mr. William J. Neidig: 66 [August 1, THE DIAL . 'A winding sheet, a broadside for the brave, These two examples show Mr. Ledoux to have A light on the blue sea one instant known, refined sensibilities and something of the poetic A work unfinished—Where his dust was strewn Is no more battle. Sea-moss shades his grave; vision; they are fairly representative of a body Coolness of coral spans his pearl-strewn cave; of work that is finished in execution and uni- Nor Pharaoh's vaults more deaf to the sands blown, Nor silk cocoons more soft in Maytime grown, formly pleasing. Before the summer frees the textile slave! O give me, Star, my rest beneath the sea ! Mr. William Wells Newell's 'Symphonic There let me lie, and let the deaf swells roll, Series of Words for Music' is in part the Or craggy cliffs, like belfries wild and free, In palpitating peals my requiem toll! republication of a collection first published ten But grant me first my work may finished be: years ago. It is a volume of brief lyrics of No sap-wood, when the axe strikes through the boll!' nature and life, and this ‘Love Thought' is a It will be seen from this example that Mr. fairly typical specimen. Neidig is a poet who speaks with his own voice, The lake art thou, beloved, and knows how to give vigorous expression to a When the sunrise dawneth o'er; fairly imaginative conception. In this case, also, My thoughts, they are water-lilies, That float and blow by the shore. the thought is clear-cut, and little of the mean- *The forest art thou, beloved, ing is left in doubt. We cannot say as much, Full leafy in warm July ; however, for most of the fellow-poems, which My thoughts, they are crimson roses, cultivate obscurity to an extent which is not That twine and blossom by. permissible. Strained-for effects are apt to be The heaven art thou, beloved, All holy at still midnight; effects missed, and much of Mr. Neidig's verse, My thoughts, they are stars of summer, for all its originality and unquestionably poetic That beam with a peaceful light.' diction, makes too hard reading to fulfil the The most noticeable fault of the pieces is proper function of poetry. Yet we would not found in the frequent omission of articles and seem ungrateful for an offering whose fashion is other small words necessary to the construction. so far beyond the average mechanical verse of This constitutes a rather irritating mannerism the day, with its endless echoes and imitations. which the writer would do well to avoid. Mr. Louis Vernon Ledoux's 'Songs from the The 'Later Poems' of the late John White Silent Land' are, according to the author's Chadwick have been garnered into a' volume by classification, grouped as poems of life, love, the writer's widow, and constitute a pleasing nature, and thought. The category of love may addition to our store of occasional and memorial be illustrated by this irregular but beautiful verse. Mr. Chadwick was always happily inspired sonnet: when called upon to add the grace of poetry Since this is true: that thou dost love me, dear; to some celebration, or to pay tribute to some That thou wilt stoop my life to sanctity; That thou wilt raise me now ere youth shall die, departed friend. These verses on Bryant will Above my twilight shadows, deep and drear, illustrate his quality: That I may reach the purer region high Where thou dost dwell, and ever still be near 'He loved the vales, the woods, the streams, Thy side, and ever hear thy singing, clear The mountains cheered his loftier mind; And sweet as song of seraph in the sky : The winds their summits nurtured found His soul as free and unconfined. My love will teach me all that thou has known Of God and life, that I may catch through thee 'A deeper joy his song instilled Prophetic glimpses of His truth and grace; For every flower that gems the sod; And watch in thee His semblance, clearly shown, He looked through Nature's trembling veil, Till in the sunlight of eternity, And saw the face of Nature's God. I come, at last to meet Him face to face.' Yet more the press of busy men The following nature-picture may fitly exem- Allured him than the forest aisle, And more the strife with public ill plify another of the categories: Than ever the blue heaven's smile. * In golden and scarlet pomp of Fall, • Wherever right her flag unfurled, Sabled with cedars the valley lay ; And justice showed a better way, With darkling storm-clouds over all, And truth and freedom spurned the night, Save here and there where a gleaming ray And hailed the burnished spears of day,— From the sun, like a molten sword of fire, Slanting fell from the flaming sphere, * There was his place, and there he made Where the hidden light of the world's desire His voice a clarion ringing clear Is throned in the golden atmosphere. To rouse the sleepers, wake the dead, The river browned with a recent rain, And stay the faint with hope and cheer.' With crested ridges of white-capped foam, Heedless of beauty in hill and plain, If Bryant stood ever on the side of righteous- Eagerly swept to its ocean home. The azure mountains far away ness, this his latest singer was also steadfast in Majestic rose neath the dark gray sky, the good old American faith, as his "Timeo Pinnacled clear on the verge of day, Danaos' sonnet' may witness. Steadfast, immutable, calm and high ; Till a silent cloud of silver snow * Art proud, my country, that these mighty ones, Passed like a veil o'er the domes of blue, Wearing the jeweled splendor of old days, And the sun behind in a sudden glow Come bringing prodigality of praise Colored its edge with a fervid hue.' To thee amid thy light of westering suns; 1905.] 67 THE DIAL Bidding their blaring trumpets and their guns songs, and they are freighted with a rich bur- Salute thee, late into their crooked ways Now fallen; to their sorrow and amaze, den of thought. We quote a pair of quatrains Blood of whose hearts the ancient honor runs? called 'Reproachful Ghosts.' • Nay, fear them rather, for they cry with glee, As glittering galleons, scornful of the shore, "She has become as one of us, who gave Bound for the Fortunate Isles with favoring breeze, All that she had to set a people free: Sink ere they reach their goal, and ever more She wears our image she that loved the slave!" Phantom the dim mid-seas: Fear them, for there is blood upon their hands, “So, for the ports unknown, at lift of sun, And on their heads the curse of ruined lands." We sail afar with flaunting pennon high; We may also commend to the attention of our Life whelms us, and the ghosts of deeds undone Stalk in our evening sky.' modern imperialists the verses which comment, Mr. Edward 0. Jackson's 'Love Sonnets to in caustic accents, upon President Roosevelt's remark that there was not enough of the last | Ermingarde’ are exactly one hundred in num- war to go round. ber, and their recipient has reason to be proud of the imagery and emotion which she evokes "The Ninth Paradise’ is a title suggested by in the soul of her poet. It is the Shakesperian these verses from the Arabic: model that Mr. Jackson follows, both as to form 'In the nine heavens are eight Paradises : and to diction, as the following pretty affecta- Where is the ninth one? In the human breast. tion will illustrate: *Rather, o man ! lack those eight Paradises Than be without the ninth one in thy breast.' Creep on, proud time, adown the sightless track Of centuries and wallowing nations wrecked, This thought is expanded into Thyself Within,' Heap on deceased life oblivion's black, the first piece in a collection of poems by Mr. And bring all things to an annulled effect : Yea, Time, thou treacherous traitor of deceit, James H. West. That seem'st to give what thou dost take away, • Amid the ceaseless loss and change Here I predict thy ignomy's defeat, of time and friends and all below,- And all thy cruel crimes in hate array: (0 things we love! how swift ye go! Thou canst not, with thy false adulterate spite, o things that are! how new and strange !)- Take from my Love's flame one superfluous beam Ah, whither shall our spirits range of glory's guerdon of eternal light A more eternal life to know ! Which to posterity shall ever gleam For why?- My lines shall flout thy foul dismay, 'In Syria, Ind, or Egypt sought, And in my lines my Love shall win the day. One answer only have the years Sent down to banish doubts and fears: The well-known musical critic, Mr. W. J. Within thyself must Heaven be caught Henderson, has published a volume of verse And captive held, or all is tears! For this saints died and martyrs fought. entitled, as becomes the author's vocation, Pipes and Timbrels.' It includes sonnets, lyr- • Thyself within! Thyself within ! O soul! find here thy strength, thy peace. ics, and studies in smoothly-cadenced blank Pray not that loss and change may cease, verse. We quote ' A December Night.' Pray, rather, higher heights to win! Thy spirit's heavenward wings release, The steel blue Vega slopes adown the west, And soar thee where thou art akin!' Beyond the ghostly hills and shadowed stream, Downward to unfathomable rest, The fine spirituality of these lines is dom- Sweeter than silence, dearer than a dream. inant throughout the volume which they thus • The armed Perseus follows in her train Hard by Andromeda, whose cohorts glide, fittingly preface. Mr. West's poems breathe a Like solemn music through a cloistered lane, gentle and exalted idealism; they question the Adown the west with the celestial bride. shows of life that they may search out its deeper "O'erhead roll Taurus and the Pleiad band meanings; and they rest upon a firm basis of Along the hollows of the heavenly deep ; Orion follows with his flaming brand, faith in the far-off divine event'toward which That smites the curtain of the eye to sleep. mankind is slowly groping its way. They have So moves the shining army of the night the inspiration of Tennyson and of Emerson in Across the front of space, serene, profound, Till Sirius floods the east with master light, their acceptance of the present as an earnest for And lo! the king of all the stars is crowned.' the future. One section of Mr. Henderson,s volume is de- O humankind! from hills where darkness hides, voted, as might be expected, to poems upon From lands of old where lava-torrents hum, Down riverways tumultuous thou has come, musical subjects. Among them is an interest- With yet small lodgment found where grain abides. How slow the centuries ! how blind the guides ! ing transcript of the Seventh Symphony, The multitude -- how deaf and halt and dumb ! whereof the Allegretto runs as follows: Yet steadily Love's wealth adds sum to sum, Shall death avail, love, And age by age the flood of Wrong subsides.' Death cold and pale, love? Mr. Lloyd Mifflin, whom we know best by his Shall we now quail, love We that are one? carefully-chiselled sonnets, is also an adept in Here where we lave, love, other lyrical measures, as may be seen in his In passion's wave, love; Is there a grave, love, latest volume. "The Fleeing Nymph and Other Out of the sun ? Verse,' although it comprises nearly fifty pieces, Ah, do not weep, love; We two shall sleep, love, includes only three sonnets out of the entire Wrapped in that deep, love, number. There is much delicate art in these When life is run.' . 68 (August 1, THE DIAL A series of fifty-five sonnets, having epochs, Mr. Robertson, besides writing excellent son- ideals, and personalities for their themes, con nets, easily manipulates the ballads and other stituting a sort of fragmentary Culturgeschichte intricate forms, and gives us finished verse in verse, is the work of Mr. Gamaliel Bradford, which often rises to a high level of imagination. Jr., and is called 'A Pageant of Life.' We WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. select 'The Renaissance' for our illustration. After the dreary night of blood and grief, A crimson dawn of joy and splendor flowed Out of the East, and touched the dark abode Of stupid, low-browed priest and feudal thief. BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. All Europe woke and sighed with sweet relief, Wondered and watched, while clear and clearer glowed Early years The Royal Academy of Arts in Lon- old loveliness, which neither storms corrode of the don is a peculiar institution in many Nor years can dim, though thick with gross belief. Royal Academy respects. It is, to quote the words Then sudden poured the fount of beauty forth, of a note written by one of its former presidents, Gorgeous with color, rich with phrase and rhyme, Packed close with human love and hate intense ; “a private institution under the patronage and It purpled east, and west, and south, and north, protection of the king, existing by his will and Splendid with varying hues in every clime, pleasure, communicating immediately with His A carnival of passion and of sense.' Majesty, submitting all its laws and proceedings Besides these, and other, sonnets, Mr. Brad to his sanction, and responsible only to his Maj- ford's volume gives us some charming lyrics, a esty for the manner in which its concerns are deeply-sympathetic poem placed upon the lips administered.' It is under the control of the of Leopardi, and two successful translations crown, yet has to give no account of itself to from that world-wearied singer. Parliament or to any of the state departments. While doing a work of national importance, it A daring and somewhat unregulated imag- has no subsidy from the government. If in finan- ination is the chief characteristic of The cial difficulties it might by precedent expect Haunted Temple, and Other Poems, by Mr. assistance from the sovereign (it has not received Edward Doyle. The titular piece is a long com such aid since 1780) but could claim nothing from position in stanzas which embody a sort of alle- the Treasury. The president has access to the gorical vision of the place of lost souls. We may king to consult him on all matters affecting the best exemplify Mr. Doyle's poetic quality by interests of the government of the institution. means of his sonnet on The Jews in Russia.' It has been in existence less than a century and a half, but its career has been eminently success- From town and village to a wood, stript bare, As they of their possessions, see them throng. ful. By maintaining a free school for art students Above them grows a cloud: it moves along, under the direction of leading artists, it has flee they from the circling wolf pack's glare. played a significant part in art education, and it Is it the Brocken-Shadow of despair, has been The looming of their life of cruel wrong or many years recognized as the gov- For countless ages? No; their faith is strong erning influence in art matters in England. In their Jehovah; that huge cloud is prayer. Although restricted from the beginning in its A flash of light, and black the despot lies. membership to forty Academicians and twenty What thunder round the world! 'Tis transport's strain Associates, there were upon its rolls down to 1904 Proclaiming loud : "No righteous prayer is vain. No God-imploring tears are lost; they rise the names of a hundred and thirty-five Academi- Into a cloud, and in the sky remain cians,-painters, architects, and sculptors,- Till they draw lightning from Jehovah's eyes." including the most noted names in the annals of Mr. Doyle has the misfortune of being blind, for British art. All these things considered, a his- which his inward vision is perhaps all the tory of the Royal Academy should be a valuable clearer. contribution to the history of art in England. Such a history was undertaken by the late J. E. Last on our list comes a little book, ‘From Hodgson, R.A., and Frederick A. Eaton, Secre- Crypt and Choir,' by Mr. Louis Alexander Rob- tary of the Academy, and received further assist- ertson, whose earlier volumes we have read with ance subsequent to the death of Mr. Hodgson much pleasure. We quote the preparatory from Charles Leslie, R.A. The handsome volume poem, which gives to the volume its title. which is the result of this collaboration, 'The Royal Academy and its Members, 1768-1830' 'From crypt and choir these rhymes are penned, For grief and gladness in them blend. (imported by Scribner), although rich in histor- There is a cell beneath Song's fane ical material, illustrations, and appendices, and Where many a prisoner of pain containing valuable biographical sketches, fails Hath found the Muse his closest friend. to give that view of art-development which the Above his couch she comes to bend, reader would naturally be led to expect. It gives She teaches him to make and mend The psalm he sues her to obtain the annals of the Academy during the adminis- From crypt and choir. trations of but three of its presidents, Sir Joshua She makes the organ's thunder rend Reynolds, Benjamin West, and Sir Thomas Law- His raftered roof; the tones descend rence, and closes abruptly with the death of Law- And flood the dungeon with their strain; rence in 1830. Its biographical sketches of Aca- But unto her he turns to gain The calmer chords she loves to lend demicians and Associates during those administra- From crypt and choir.' tions tell us more of the lives of their subjects . As 1905.] 69 THE DIAL This appears of than of their art, and confirm the reader in the and retention. A good illustration of the way opinion that the later seventy years of the his tradition grows occurs in the description of John tory of the Royal Academy and of British Art, FitzGerald, of whom we read that “when he the period of Millais, of Lord Leighton, of Alma preached, or even when he listened to sermons, Tadema, and others,-is a far more glorious he was accustomed to remove certain articles of period than that of Reynolds, of Gainsborough, dress, such as boots and stockings to and of Turner. The chapters relating to the gen make himself quite comfortable.' esis of the Academy are not lacking in interest, to be an amplification of Mr. Thomas Wright's but it is apparent that the artists of those earlier statement that as a preliminary to his pulpit dis- days did not experience the psalmist's blessedness course the eccentric preacher ‘would even remove of dwelling together in unity, and their petty jeal a boot.' This new life of FitzGerald, of whom ousies and disputes were scarcely worthy of per we already have two biographies, not to mention petuation in a history related to that of the de the autobiographic Letters, meets no crying need. velopment of a nation's art. The literary strictures, however just, seem not exactly called for in 'Old Fitz's' case; and all FitzGerald Somewhat out of his element, in else is a twice-told tale. as an English a way that is half-amusing, half- man of letters. pathetic, must Edward FitzGerald Chapters on Mr. Frank Preston Stearns's pleas- appear to his friends when they see him clothed New England ant collection 'Cambridge in the uniform of the 'English Men of Letters' celebrities. Sketches' (Lippincott) contains series (Macmillan). Judged by English-men-of many true things that are not new and doubt- letters standards, he was bound to receive some less do not aim at novelty, and also some new rather hard knocks; and Mr. A. C. Benson, his things that are not true however unintentional biographer, has not spared him. Anything like their falsity. For example, the author says of hearty praise is accorded only to the Omar Lowell that in the law ‘he succeeded as well as quatrains and the Letters, and in that order. youthful attorneys commonly do, and that dur- Apart from his one masterpiece of translation, ing the ten years following his marriage to Maria or paraphrase, poor E. F. G. is sharply called White ‘he worked hard and lived economically, to order for taking such liberties with the works earning what he could by the law, and what he of others, - works for the understanding of which could not by magazine writing.' But Scudder Mr. Benson questions the translator's philological gives a very different account, which Lowell's equipment. While not unappreciative of Fitz published letters tend to confirm. The young Gerald's unique quality, the author indulges in poet seems never to have entered seriously on the regrets that he had not done this or that, or practice of the law, and we are distinctly told been something other than he was. “It is to be that in those first months of his married life- wished,' he says, referring to the early love the winter he and Maria spent in Philadelphia- affair with Caroline Crabbe, 'that this romance his only earnings were from his pen, and that on had had a normal ending.' But what likelihood his return to Cambridge the next summer he of any Rubáiyát or Letters from a normalized abandoned all pretense of following the law. family-man FitzGerald! Regret is expressed, or Again, we read, “The trochaic metre in which implied here and there, that FitzGerald had not “Hiawatha' is written would seem to have been the energy to rouse himself from his dilettante his [Longfellow's] own invention.' Surely Mr. ism, his gentle pessimism, his dreamy inactivity. Stearns has not forgotten the critics' senseless The foibles were, in this case, of the very essence outcry against Longfellow for appropriating of the man. Mr. Benson is now and then self metre as well as incidents from the ‘Kalevala.' contradictory. We are told that though Fitz That the Finnish epic suggested the metre, the Gerald admired his friends generously, ‘he also American poet made no secret. Of Longfellow took severe account of their faults. it is further said, “As a master of verse he has He did not think a friend a poet because he no English rival since Spenser'-- which at least happened to write verses, or an artist because he the Tennysonians will dispute. A centennial painted pictures. Yet we read elsewhere that he tribute to Bronson Alcott records among other 'started with a predisposition to admire the work things that 'to the last he would never touch of those he loved, not only for its intrinsic mer animal food.' But Mrs. Rebecca Harding Davis its, but because it was a part of them'; and 'it has recently told us, in her ‘Bits of Gossip,' with is obvious that FitzGerald's later views of Car what hearty relish the good man attacked a sir- lyle, and even of his writings, were much modi loin of beef at Hawthorne's table, as a prelude fied by their friendship.' Again, 'the unpardon to the praises of vegetarianism. The chapter on able sins to FitzGerald were uncouthness and Dr. Holmes asserts that the essence of humor slovenliness'; but later slovenliness is designated consists in a contrast which places the object or as one of his primary failings, and 'it was not a person compared at a disadvantage.' Is not this superficial sloppiness; it penetrated the mind and rather sarcasm, or ridicule? Humor, which character as well.' Of the translator's excuse Thackeray defines as a mixture of love and wit, for certain omissions in the 'Edipus T