ohn S. Mosby The Man and His Works
By HENRY T. FINCK.
Edited by his brother-in-law,
CHARLES WELLS RUSSELL
With an appreciation of
Strauss by Percy Grainger
The famous confederate cav-
alry leader relates his exper- There has been available so
iences graphically, throwing little of permanent value con-
considerable
light
cerning Strauss that this read-
Civil War events.
able biography will be most
With illustrations and map.
welcome.
$3.00 net.
Illustrated. $2.80 net.
By JEFFERY FARNOL
The New York Tribune says: "We do not
hesitate to say that Mr. Farnol has here pro-
duced not merely his own best work, but also
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AT ALL BOOKSELLERS
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THE DIAL
VOLUME LXIII
No. 751
OCTOBER 11, 1917
CONTENTS
.
.
.
.
.
.
•
.
•
IBSEN: JOURNEYMAN DRAMATIST. H. L. Mencken
. 323
The LIMITS OF TOLERANCE .
Hartley B. Alexander . 326
LITERARY AFFAIRS IN FRANCE
Theodore Stanton . 329
Mr. HowellS AND THE ANGLOPHOBE Helen Thomas Follett. 331
PATRIOTISM AND THE WORKERS
H. M. Kallen.
. 333
ENRICO FERRI
L. L. Bernard .
. 338
VERSIFIED HENRY JAMES .
Odell Shepard.
· 339
AN ENGLISH VIEW OF THE PRESIDENT Donald R. Richberg . . 342
The BELGIAN CARTHAGE
Randolph Bourne . 343
WHIMS.
George Bernard Donlin 344
A PARABLE OF TOLERATION
John Macy
345
BRIEFS ON New Books
. 347
In Good CompanyThe Latin at War.—The Heart of the Balkans.-A Character
Sketch of General the Hon. J. C. Smuts.—The Psychology of Citizenship.-A Con-
cordance to the Poems of Edmund Spenser.-Our Part in the Great War.-A
Seasonal Industry.-Alaska: The Great Country.-The Bible's Prose Epic of
Eve and Her Sons.-Conditions of Labor in American Industries.-English Domes-
tic Relations, 1487-1653.—The Russian Problem.—The Minimum Cost of Living:
A Study of Families of Limited Income in New York City.
BRIEFER MENTION.
352
Notes on New FICTION
353
The Echo of Voices.-Cousin Julia.-Wages of Virtue.-Salt of the Earth.-
Ranny.-Scandal.-Ladies Must Live.- The Little Gods Laugh.-Cap'n Abe,
Store-keeper.
CASUAL COMMENT .
. 354
The FALL ANNOUNCEMENT List
. 356
NOTES FOR BIBLIOPHILES
. 358
NOTES AND News
. 361
List of New BOOKS
· 363
LIST OF SHOPS WHERE THE DIAL IS ON SALE
. 367
•
•
.
GEORGE BERNARD DONLIN, Editor
MARY CARLOCK, Associate
Contributing Editors
CONRAD AIKEN
VAN WYCK BROOKS
H. M. KALLEN
RANDOLPH BOURNE
PADRAIC COLUM
JOHN MACY
WILLIAM ASPENWALL BRADLEY
HENRY B. FULLER
JOHN E. ROBINSON
THE DIAL (founded in 1880 by Francis F. Browne) is published fortnightly, twenty-four times
a year. Yearly subscription $3.00 in advance, in the United States, Canada and Mexico. For-
eign subscriptions $3.50 per year.
Entered as Second-class matter Oct. 8, 1892, at the Post Office at Chicago, under the Act of
March 3, 1879. Copyright, 1917, by The Dial Publishing Company, Inc.
Published by THE DIAL Publishing Company, Martyn Johnson, President; Willard C. Kitchel,
Secretary-Treasurer, at 608 South Dearborn Street, Chicago.


322
[October 11, 1917
THE DIAL
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$1.50
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, Publishers. New York
When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL.


1917]
327
THE DIAL
erty of the individual which is democra- human duty to be intolerant of, and to
cy's soul.
suppress and extinguish even at a cost of
Six months of being at war,—six months force and bloodshed, crime and sin: our
of mounting suspicions and sharpening in- criminal code is the profession of such an
quisition on the part of the public, of raids intention. Less consciously, but more
and suppressions on the part of officials, tyrannously, the burden of a public will is
and of rumor of secret service astounding imposed upon the individual in multitudes
honest ears, has made every American of details of our economic and social life,
realize the hitch between his peace-trained which we bear, for the most part, com-
theory of the state's activities and its bel- fortably,—as we wear collars and shoes,
ligerent practice. Naturally, there have not realizing that they are fetters. All
been accusations of intolerance, and this is quite as it should be: if we would
preaching of tolerance; certainly, too, sup- be men, we must recognize moral obliga-
pression has produced cankerous in- tion and acquiesce in social restraint.
growths of disloyalty. But, with it all, has In time of war the latitudes of differ-
there been (what a sane treatment calls ence which we permit in the midst of peace
for) that diagnosis of the powers and pur- are stringently narrowed; and it is this
poses of the state, in time of war, which narrowing of the latitude of action to
shall enable us to set rational limits to tol- which we are accustomed that stirs sensi-
erance, preventing officials—through un- bility and arouses the jealous suspicion of
derstanding - from overstepping their outraged rights. Nor is war the only con-
country's need, and satisfying citizens of dition which entails such consequences;
the justice of official action and the safety other perils, as pestilence and flood and
of their rights? Assuredly, the symptoms even the humanly created discomforts
call for a verdict.
of economic strife, call for their own
In times of peace the limits of tolerance types of limitation of privilege and read-
are defined by custom. In democracies justment of rights. In them all is a cer-
laws are made and conduct is controlled tain common character: they represent, as
by temporary majorities. It is the fact compared with the normal life of society,
that these majorities are temporary, that a sharp simplification of social ends and
they submit their rule periodically and a great compression of social endeavor.
frequently to electoral tests that define The presence of peril acts immediately to
party strength, which gives a sense of pub- define the near and major task of the body
lic fairness and insures the equilibrium of politic; the complex and divergent activi-
the state. Furthermore, the minority has ties of normal times become temporarily
always at its disposal certain recognized but emphatically subordinated to the great
means of converting itself into a major activity of the preservation of their con-
ity,—chief among them free speech and dition, and, as a consequence, the main
free party organization. The system thus force of society sweeps into a single chan-
rests upon the assumption of perpetual dif- nel. Small wonder if the swollen major-
ferences of “issues"-relative to the ity becomes tyrannous, for its effort is at
control of the conduct of citizens; and in- once more intense and backed by huger
deed, if these “issues” did not exist, power than in the ordinary.
democratic government would cease. An Under ordinary conditions most men
agreement to disagree (within limits) is will accept as a reasonable rule of polit-
thus the very core of institutional democ- ical conduct that opposition to the will of
racy; and the thing we call “democratic the majority should extend to its policies,
tolerance" is our name for the range of but not to its execution of them, until the
disagreement which we normally permit. majority has been reversed by election.
For tolerance, even in times of peace, This is the rule of “politics,” of parlia-
has clear limits. There are acts and con- mentarism; it is the assertion that laws
ditions that cannot be tolerated and soci- are the friends of the citizen, or, with
ety still endure. We recognize readily a Aristotle, that "men should not deem it


328
[October 11
THE DIAL
slavery to live under the constitution, for cies as shall reassure the doubting and
it is their salvation.” This rule, from the comfort the opposition with respect to that
side of the government in power, is equiv- one point in which they are entitled to as-
alent to the statement that it will tolerate surance—the preservation of their minor-
all opposition which does not interfere ity rights.
with the execution of the tasks decided The practical problem is twofold. On
upon by the ruling majority. In brief, the the part of the minority it calls for indi-
range of tolerance is directly proportional vidual self-restraint. Its members should
to the demands of efficient government. remember not only that they owe all citi-
This is the rule of political conduct in zenship rights to the state, but that they
normal peace. In time of peril, war, or owe to it their essential humanity as well;
pestilence, it should be not different in for, as Rousseau shrewdly remarked, not
principle, much as its practice must neces- only is man a political animal, but he is
sarily differ. But there is a complication. never truly man except as political. From
In the presence of pestilence there is an this it follows that human “personal lib-
almost unanimous fear and willingness to erty” is liberty of the civic person, and
submit to governmental guidance. War must be defined by civic relations; and
is man-made, and it is difficult to define its again it follows that that relation of com-
partisanships by national boundaries. Nor munication which is "freedom of speech"
is its threat so transient; there is fear of does not mean the right to unlimited hear-
post-bellum alterations, modifying the ings nor to command of the public ear.
whole order of life,-a fear, on the whole, Further, the member of the minority
justified by history. Men, therefore, do should bear in mind that the contract
not submit to military regimentation with of citizenship is not lightly drawn; it is
the same resignation with which they un- signed, as it were, when the first ballot is
dergo sanitary regulation. Passion poi- cast
, and its terms are such (as once more
sons reason; copperheadism develops into Rousseau notes) that the citizen binds
political disease; and, on the side of the himself to take what punishment the rules
government, the legitimate limitation of of its operation may bring upon him. He
individual privilege in accordance with the will remember, perhaps, that such a per-
,
needs of efficient action is too readily re- sonality as Socrates chose, as the lesser
placed by a vengeful constraint, which is evil, to die under an unjust condemnation
the only true intolerance.
rather than break his country's laws.
In the United States to-day we have not With such precepts and example he should
as yet come to a bad pass, either in regard not find conformity hard,-provided al-
to the draft or to free speech. The will ways that he is convinced that the other
of the majority is unambiguous; the causes member to the contract is acting in good
of the war are generally felt as justifying faith.
causes and the government is generally be- The obverse of the problem is the obli-
lieved to be honest and competent. But gation of the majority. First and clearly,
,
this is not to say that we have no problem, it is the duty of the government to be
nor that it is not developing. There is a frank as to its policies and as free as the
minority, composed of the resentful igno- performance of its task will permit in its
,
rant and the embittered opposition; and statement of current fact: news-doctoring
the majority have not invariably shown in the interests of policy is the straight
the tact and judgment in the exercise of road to damnation, as Germany is illus-
their prerogative which would diminish trating. In living up to this duty, our gov-
the resentment and the ignorance. Cer- ernment
ernment at present stands square; the
tainly, the condition is not malignant, but prestige which the United States has at-
before it has the opportunity of becoming tained is almost entirely due to the frank-
so, there is needed such clear thinking-out ness with which the President has stated
and clear expression of our national poli- our policies. Nevertheless, there is a form


1917]
329
THE DIAL
of assurance, internal rather than external,
Literary Affairs in France
which the times demand and which the
government has not given. War is an (Special Correspondence to THE DIAL.)
unusual national enterprise, calling for an Fifty years ago the last day of last month,
unusual majority supporting the govern-
Charles Baudelaire died in Paris, where he was
ment that is waging it—a majority by no born in 1821, and consequently, in accordance
means represented by the alignment of the with French law, the copyright on his works
parties of normal times of peace. In Eu- ended with the advent of the present month.
ropean democracies this fact has been re- So, notwithstanding the war, the poet has been
flected in the formation of coalition min- much in evidence of late in the French publish-
istries. Our cabinet is no responsible min- ing world, in Paris periodicals, and among the
istry; nevertheless, the obvious fact that literary critics of the capital. It is not forgotten
the war party in America is enormously how, when some thirty years ago there began a
bulkier than the controlling political fac- tendency to apotheosize the author of the fa-
tion ought to have been recognized— mous, some would and do say infamous, "Fleurs
should now be recognized—by the forma- du Mal,” Brunetière and Faguet led in the op-
tion of at least a bi-partisan cabinet, com- position and indulged in virulent attacks on the
prising those men of the two parties who
man and his verse. 'In “Nouveaux Prétextes,”
M. André Gide is considered to have refuted the
most command the public confidence. The
reason for doing this is here as in Eu- latter, while the “Mercure de France” has dis-
rope—less for the conduct of the military covered in an article of the “Revue des Deux
”
enterprise than for the reassurance of the
in which the always rather magisterial future
citizenry at home. For the best guarantee
that our government can give, not only laire wrote "Les Fleurs du Mal” he was "in
editor of that periodical says that when Baude-
that we are engaged in war for no meanly
one of those fits to which specialists have applied
political ends, but that the peace rights of
a word which never better suited the case, -
our citizens are not to be imperilled by période clownique.” Brunetière mistook clonic,
any post-bellum militarism, is the respon-
a medical term for spasm, for the English word
sible participation in the national councils
clown, used so commonly in French!
of the broadest representation possil Nor does Baudelaire to-day, a half-century
This would be a governmental pledge of after his death, escape from the critics, though
faith.
for every friend and reader during his lifetime,
Thus the limits of democratic tolerance he now probably has a thousand. Even M. Paul
appear in the nature of democratic gov- Souday, generally so amiable toward him, said
ernment. It is not, however, out of place recently that "there was in this poet-innovator
to note that Christian charity may add a a substratum of philistinism and a touch of the
virtue of even political value. Christian- church-warden; and what is most lacking in
ity teaches that no man in the flesh is be- his writings is manly firmness." On a single
yond hope of redemption; hence, it is Paris daily, “Le Petit Bleu," are two contrib-
infinitely charitable of sinners, though utors who are especially severe in their judg-
never of sin. Similarly, tolerance, as a
ment on the moral effect of Baudelaire's poems
virtue, extends to men, never to their mis- on the general public. “Such articles are signs
deeds; and above all, it extends to the ig- of the time,” remarks the "Mercure” somewhat
this means that we should hate injustice erotic perfume of 'Les Fleurs du Mal a ver-
norance of men. Applied to the present, contemptuously. One of these rather straight-
laced censors, M. Jean Hess, considers "the
and atrocity, but not Germans. Certainly itable danger, a national peril”; while another,
it is difficult to direct the emotions in ab-
M. Jacques Nargaud, himself a poet, who some
stracto, but if we can succeed in doing so
twenty years ago brought out at "La Plume"
we shall have given ourselves the deepest
a volume of verse, "Soliloques,” dedicated to
possible assurance of the security of our
Baudelaire, though still an ardent admirer of
national ideals.
him-“I collect everything I see which speaks
HARTLEY B. ALEXANDER. of this unique poet," he once said to me-dilates


330
[October 11
THE DIAL
9)
in one of his recent articles on “the poisoned Messeiu, which it would be hard to obtain at present,
bouquet of 'Les Fleurs du Mal.'” But another
however, as M. Messeiu is in the army and his shop
closed.
contemporary French poet, M. Ernest Raynaud,
The Lemerre edition of "Les Fleurs du Mal"
seems to sweep aside all this depreciation when
appeared in the collection “Petite Bibliothèque
he informs me that he is busy on a volume "whose
Littéraire," but is now out of print, though a
aim is to refute all the accepted lies about the
new edition is under way. “This edition, how-
poet.”
ever,” M. Lemerre writes me, “is the same as
More interesting perhaps, or at least less apt to
regards the text, as that issued by my fellow-
cause discussion, are some notes which I have publisher, Calmann-Lévy." I might add that this
accumulated concerning the various editions of last mentioned book will now be largely replaced
"Les Fleurs du Mal."
by the new "popular edition” issued by this same
Writing me from the Paris office of the Société publisher (at 1 fr. 25) and referred to above
des Poètes Français, of which he is the vice- by M. Nargaud. I would further add that the
president, M. Ernest Raynaud says:
numerous little errors in the text of the first
If one considers solely the order of the poems and
impression have been practically all removed
their typographical form, the only editions which I myself have compared with care the two im-
count are those published during the lifetime of the
poet, which he could supervist. All the posthumous
pressions in the volumes now on the market.
editions of his works have been done rather care- The National Printing Office of France set
lessly. But if we are to have regard to the value of
up a year and a half ago a rich edition of "Les
the documents bearing on the subject and to critical
observations, none satisfies me completely. In the
Fleurs du Mal,” partly as an official tribute to
matter of different readings, Prince Ourousoff's work the memory of a great French man of letters.
is interesting, while the notes of Van Bever show him
But the director informs me that copies cannot
to be a ferreter with a cautious and conscientious
mind. But so far nothing of capital importance, noth- be obtained from him but from two Paris pub-
ing that is decisive, has been printed in this field of lishers, Vollard, 6 rue Laffitte, and Helleu, 125
Baudelairiana. Most of the publishers of new edi-
tions repeat the old faults without attempting to cor-
Boulevard Saint-Germain; and the latter writes
rect any of them. And what a lot of foolish things me in this connection: "Mine is a typographic
have been said about Baudelaire, beginning with the
edition, simply decorated, and sells at 25 francs,
famous Preface of Théophile Gautier, which might
astonish us by its incompetency and its nonsense if
whereas the Vollard edition, which came out at
we did not know that it was written in this way on the end of 1915, is illustrated by Bernard and
purpose. Some day I may explain the true inward-
sells for from 300 to 600 francs.” But here
ness of the pretended friendship between Baudelaire
and Gautier. The whole subject of Baudelaire is so again the admirers of Baudelaire and good typog-
interesting that I have found a volume, “Le Cinquan- raphy have not been wholly satisfied, largely
tenaire de Charles Baudelaire" (Paris: Meunier, 3
fr. 50), necessary to present properly all that I have because of a faulty arrangement of some of the
to say. At the end of the volume will be found a verses, the blame for which, it would seem, should
bibliography giving all the articles which I have been
able to find concerning him and which I have made
be laid rather to the National Printing Office
as complete as possible in other respects.
than to the publishers. But I believe that M.
To return to the question of the different edi- Helleu has removed these blemishes from his
tions of Baudelaire, M. Jacques Nargaud writes
volumes.
me as follows:
I may close these notes with these reflections
The most widely sold edition of "Les Fleurs du
of M. André Fontainas on some of the editions
Mal" is that of Calmann-Lévy, issued at the end of just mentioned:
the sixties, being a volume of the Complete Works,
which include the translations from Poe. But it is
There are several rich editions of “Les Fleurs du
far from perfect from all points of view. I say noth-
Mal," limited as regards the number of copies printed,
ing of the first and second editions, printed in the
largely subscribed for in advance and quickly out of
fifties by Poulet Malassis, one of which it is difficult
print. To my mind, their most striking characteristic
to find and both of which are very costly when
is the badness of the illustrations. The truth is, it
found. A little before the war, the publisher_Crès
seems to me, that there is no really good edition of
put on the market a limited edition of “Les Fleurs
“Les Fleurs du Mal.” Crès's edition, which was first
du Mal” which has always seemed to me to be the
published at 10 francs, now fetches, I believe, from
best. But copies of this, too, are not easy to get. The
80 to 100, when a copy can be found. But it, too, is
cheap edition just issued by Calmann-Lévy is not
full of faults.
handsome typographically, nor does it contain the fine But the proverbially strong taste of the French
introduction by Gautier found in the edition men-
for poetry has not been confined during the past
tioned at the beginning of this paragraph.
Those who wish to make a serious study of Baude- months wholly to the dead poets, though Shake-
laire should see a volume by Charles Asselineau, speare and Baudelaire have monopolized much
published by Lemerre but long out of print, and es-
pecially the volume of souvenirs by Crépet, issued by
attention. Considering the all-absorbing influ-


1917]
331
THE DIAL
ences of the war, much new verse has been pro- secondly, because I must live, and I am a poet, noth-
duced; and none of the singers has surpassed M.
ing but a poet. War doesn't bring gold to the pockets
of troubadours. In France, if they would live even
Paul Fort, the "Prince of Poets," at least as re- modestly, they must sing, and it is all the worse for
gards quantity.
them if they do not always feel in a singing mood,
M. Paul Fort's most recent volume is “Si
which often happens to me. So don't be astonished at
the number of volumes. I must live!
Peau d'Ane m'était conté" (Paris: Emile-
Thus during 1917, M. Paul Fort will have
Paul, 3 fr. 50), described by the author as
printed or finished in manuscript not less than
"tales, written in war time, for Jacques Bon-
seven volumes, not to speak of two others which
homme," with this pretty thought forming the
one of his publishers announces as "being under
whole of the author's preface: “In this book of
way." This almost equals the elder Alexandre
fairy tales and poems, the only fairy is the au-
Dumas, with the marked difference however that
thor's imagination.” From Maeterlinck's pref-
From Maeterlinck's pref- Paul Fort has not a basement-full of “collabora-
ace, which the literary world on both sides of
the Atlantic should meditate, I take these lines:
tors” preparing novels which “the master” simply
touches up. No wonder, therefore, that so far
Paul Fort is perhaps the only complete poet we
possess, . . . which is at once his glory and his mis- in his career, Paul Fort has had to have half a
fortune. He can only write poetry and can do noth- dozen different publishers.
ing else. So he publishes one after the other, with
THEODORE STANTON.
disastrous abundance, a dozen or more volumes. . .
It is high time that he were given, while still alive, September 18, 1917.
the glory that is his due. We shall not have him
always among us, and the remorse and amends will
come when it is too late.
Maeterlinck does not exaggerate Paul Fort's Mr. Howells and the Anglophobe
excessive literary productivity. Besides the vol-
WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS: A STUDY OF THE
ume just mentioned, he has published during the
ACHIEVEMENT OF A LITERARY ARTIST. By Alex-
present year “Anthologie des Ballades Françaises” ander Harvey. (B. W. Huebsch; $1.50.)
(Paris: Mercure de France, 4 fr.), selections Mr. Alexander Harvey writes some two
from twenty volumes issued during a period of hundred and sixty pages of jottings about Chin-
twenty years, from 1897 to 1917; "Poèmes de gachgook, Mr. W. C. Brownell, Edgar Allan
France," which he calls “my lyrical war bulle- Poe, the late Charles Francis Adams, Philistin-
tin"; and "Deux Chaumières au Pays de l'Yvel- ism, Genius, Boston, Woman, Quackery in
ine.” These last two volumes I have not seen. Literature, and a host of other Cabbages and
In the meantime, he has been preparing for, or Kings, all of them so equally and energetically
seeing through, the press three other volumes. In dealt with that it is more than a little difficult to
October will appear "Que j'ai de plaisir d'être tell the Cabbages from the Kings. Having fin-
Français,” about which he writes me:
ished the collection, he has the whimsical thought
I have just corrected the proofs. To express my
to call it "William Dean Howells: A Study of
intense love for France, I took as the subject of this
the Achievement of a Literary Artist.” No
new book the three trips which I have made in Tou-
raine and to Blois and Vendôme, which are as decid- sooner thought than done: to have a thought is,
edly French as are the Ile de France, Champagne, for Mr. Harvey, to execute it. The result, so
and Picardy, about which I have sung a thousand
far as the relation to a nominal subject is con-
times.
In November will appear "L'Alouette," a vol- cerned, is a critical counterpart of “The Life
ume made up of popular songs, "or at least songs and Opinions of Tristram Shandy." This is
written in the note of the old Gallic ballads." slightly exaggerated, of course, -Mr. Harvey
The poet thus describes the volume which he would be the last person to mind that, but it
expects to have out in January:
is the truth that is exaggerated. The author's
At the present moment I am giving the last touches to text is not so much a book as a tirade, not so
"La Lanterne de Priollet ou l'Epopée du Luxembourg," much a tirade as a miscellany, and not so much
in which I recount my childhood and adolescence, the
a miscellany as the preface to an index.
awakening in me of a soul for poetry. I there affirm
the "divinity” of children and tell all my love for For Mr. Harvey has his own idea of indexes,
that garden of gardens, our fairy Luxembourg, where
as of most else: he has “long suffered at the
more than at school I was formed, found myself, and
discovered that I was a poet.
hands of the makers of indexes," and he strives
So you see that though a soldier, an auxiliary, I to "give those hacks a lead." One may cite
have not been idle with my pen these last months,
for two good reasons: first, because I like to sing, and selectively, to show both his idea of “thunder in


332
[October 11
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serve
the index" and the pet aversion on which his he is the consummate stylist; he creates women
book hinges:
as great as Shakespeare's; his dialogue is un-
BRITONS, IMBECILITIES OF THE. A large topic! I can
matched; he is superior to Thackeray, Balzac,
do no more than glance at it. I ought to say in fair- George Eliot, Meredith, Dostoevsky; he has
ness that I dislike Britons heartily, although it is true
that they have many noble qualities.
the ultimate magic as a narrator; he maintains
LONDON. Its pontifically final attitude to ourselves “that perfect balance of all factors which is the
in literature.
secret of the equilibrium of the universe." Yet
MISSISSIPPI. That sublime river is mentioned by
way of illustration. In the average index the name
somehow the superlatives ring strangely hollow.
would be set down and a number would follow it. Because Howells is praised and overpraised to
This is too absurd. Such are the consequences of a vindictive ulterior purpose, this very
following a British literary example.
Novel. It deteriorates in the British Isles.
enthusiasm of the critic does more to belittle him
VICTORIANS, Those. Confound them!
than even a very temperate estimate could do if
This cluster of items will suggest that Mr. it were disinterested.
Harvey has undertaken to prove himself the
But this is by no means the most serious
most implacable of Anglophobes. His book is an dilemma of the American Anglophobe who makes
indictment of “the British literary superstition,” the brunt of his argument fall on Mr. Howells.
as he calls it, and as Mr. Howells called it a It happens that, of the three generations of Ang-
quarter of a century before him. The British
lophobia represented by Poe, Howells, and Mr.
literary superstition is that perverse humility Harvey, only the second is really American.
which induces American newspapers, critics, pro- Poe had no anchorage in either space or time:
fessors, schools, and the great American public he was almost strictly extramundane. Anglo-
to swallow all literary opinions imported from phobes of the younger generation are cosmopoli-
London, and to despise all things American until tan; they are anti-English simply because they
they have the pontifical sanction of the British are anti-provincial. But Mr. Howells happens
Isles. It is, as described by Mr. Harvey, our really to believe in and love America. He is
imbecile deference to the artistic prejudices of a alone among Anglophobes in that he definitely
nation incapable of art, a nation of non-thinkers chooses one kind of provincialism, which is
and sentimentalists, wrapped in impenetrable self- American, against another kind, which is Eng-
esteem and childishly enthralled by a national lish. All the rest choose cosmopolitanism against
literature which is the laughingstock of Europe. provincialism in general; and when they make of
The English are pitiable because of their pre- Mr. Howells their heaviest bludgeon, merely be-
tensions to literary judgment; we Americans are cause he has agreed with them so far as to
pitiable because of our deference to the English denounce the British literary superstition, they
pretensions. Such is the main thesis; and the
;
commit strange distortions and fall into strange
book is written primarily to undermine our defer- inconsistencies.
ence by riddling the pretensions. Mr. Howells, Here is Mr. Harvey, for example. He likes
the most American and at the same time the America best when he is thinking about England
grandest and most spacious phenomenon we have -because America is not England. But when
produced in letters, is used as a mere handle to he looks at America directly, she fails to stand
the argument.
the test of his exacting cosmopolitan standards.
Now, the American Anglophobe, whether he It is a rather pathetically homeless state of mind,
realizes it or not,--and Mr. Harvey often seems this cosmopolitan skepticism. Its loyalty to one
not to realize it,-is in a pretty difficult position. tradition is based on distrust of another; and
Whether his general estimate of British taste be yet its own tradition seems not to bear analysis
right or wrong, he never escapes the weakness any better than the other does. Mr. Harvey
of having to relate everything to an aversion. is rather like an atheist becoming a member of
The centre of his cosmos is a dislike; by that the English Church out of pure temperamental
dislike he measures and evaluates everything aversion to Dissenters. America is not England:
else; in it he moves and has his being. He likes therefore it must be Utopia. But, on second
things, not for what they are, but for what they thought, America is Philistinism; America is the
are against. We feel this weakness in Mr. Har- American newspaper; America is critical taste
vey. His praise of Howells is unstinted, extrava- dictated by an advertising policy; America is
gant, a measure pressed down and running over. the Victorian family system; America is Boston;
Howells is the greatest living master of fiction; America is the New England conscience; Amer-
-


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ܪܐ
ica is a vile subservience to British literary pre- reader of the book can extend and amplify this
judices: therefore America is not fit to live in. analogy for himself. Suffice it to add, the bread
Not even in direct treatment of Mr. Howells, which Mr. Harvey might have given us is a
idolatrous as his treatment is, can Mr. Harvey generous recognition of the extent to which all
wriggle free of such contradictions. On one page literature, including the British, is being Euro-
Howells is the supreme artist. On another, “the peanized. Whatever English fiction has been,
art of Howells is barren”; it is "art and nothing it is to-day integral with a world tendency. One
;
more." "Howells will not be superseded because of the great achievements of Howells was his
there is nothing about him to supersede. He has revolt against the narrow obtuseness and self-
not made anything original even in the way of a love of British fiction when those qualities really
mistake." We hear Howells praised for having had a threatening prestige. But the last two de-
read the inmost soul of America; then we hear cades have seen Britain's fiction broadened, inter-
America scorned for having no soul, nothing but nationalized in both method and purport. All
surface. In one passage, “his knowledge of intellectual Britain revolts against its own former
character is manifest in his feminine portraits obscurantism; and when we look about our world
he has a precious insight into the heart for the positive and constructive Anglophobe
of woman. . , the art with which their souls who has the strongest claim to our notice, lo!
are bared to us is the authentic art that has come he is none other than the British novelist of the
down to us through the few masters of the younger generation.
written word.” Here, of course, Mr. Harvey
HELEN THOMAS FOLLETT.
is thinking of Howells's superiority to British
novelists. Later, though, “the genius of Howells
is objective and not subjective
... He does Patriotism and the Workers
not think. He merely observes and jots down
impressions. • Topography, objects, mate- THE RESTORATION OF TRADE-UNION CONDITIONS.
rial items, are his all in all. He does 'not get
By Sidney Webb. (B. W. Huebsch; 50 cts.)
Women AS MUNITION MAKERS. By Amy Hewes
below these physical manifestations of life to the
and Henriette R. Walter. (Russell Sage Foun-
life itself, the essence, the soul.” And, crime dation; 75 cts.)
of crimes, he has created and sponsored the "Sissy The present war must be won in field and fac-
School.” He, more than any other one writer, tory before it can be won in the trenches. An
has rendered contemporary American literature army has become, as never before, only the out-
a thin syrup, perfumed to a feminized taste.” ermost point or apex of a pyramid of organiza-
Thus, throughout, Mr. Harvey tries to have tion of which the base is the country's industrial
his cake and eat it too. Hills are marched up and agrarian system. The maker of victory is
and then marched down again; superlatives deny the laborer far more than the soldier.
each other with crushing emphasis. And, to That this remark has become a commonplace
palliate the inconsistencies, there is nothing does not relieve one of the necessity of
whatever except a well-worn ruse of that very peating it, and still repeating it, and repeat-
academicism which the author himself denounces ing it again. For it is a commonplace which
on suitable occasions: namely, the barren dis- the manufacturer and contractor have regarded
tinction between the "art" in fiction and the thus far as defining only the duty which the
substance. As though there could be any great workman owes; and they have denied and
art except that which leans on great truth! ignored the duty which they and the government
After all, one likes Mr. Harvey, who writes a owe the workman. Already his assertion of his
preface to an index, a great deal better than one just rights, of what are, indeed, the indispensable
likes Dr. Dryasdust, who only writes an index conditions of his effective serving, are met with
to an index. Mr. Harvey diverts even while he “slacker,” and “disloyal," "pro-German," while
irritates; and often he is unsurpassably acute, as the attempt properly to tax war profits has failed
when he says: “The supreme object of the earthly and that extraordinary piece of impudence, the
existence of men and women in a Howells atmos- petition of a group of manufacturers which de-
phere is to have things go on as usual. There is clares that the workman is not meeting his re-
an agitating possibility that they may not." We sponsibilities, and that his demands for better
ask for bread and are given—by no means a wages and right shop-standards should be force-
stone, but, let us say, a cocktail. The alert fully restrained and arrested, is regarded as
re-


334
[October 11
THE DIAL
may act
“patriotic.” In wartime, as always, that is “pat- of the Health of Munition Workers Committee;
triotic” which decorously cloaks one's private also the various reports of the Chief Factory
interest under pleas for the public weal, and that Inspector. They were aware of the remarkable
is disloyal or "pro-German" which is likely to document on which the Supreme Court of the
interfere with one's private interests, even when United States sustained the Oregon Eight Hour
it most successfully serves the commonwealth. Law; they were aware of the varied testimony
Hence, the fact that the basic maker of vic of the efficiency experts of America. But they
tory is the laborer in field and factory has not went their own way, regardless, with the con-
resulted in the improvement of the conditions of sequence that there have been more strikes in
production of food and weapons to which it the three months past than in the last three years;
points. The whole country is solicitous about delay instead of promptness, inferior work instead
the health, the happiness, and the future of the of excellence, disorder instead of order, and dis-
soldier. He is guarded against disease, against content instead of coöperation. And as we shall
unnecessary fatigue, and if the insurance bill is be deeper in before we are farther out of this
passed, as it should be, against the hazards of war, the future-looks promising.
battle and death. Not so the workman. He is Britain's handling of the labor situation is on
left to shift for himself, to conduct his rather a par with her handling of the Gallipoli cam-
blind and ill-conceived strikes, to meet fatigue paign. But Gallipoli is a costly error which
and disease and maiming and death as best he may be retrieved, while there is a “no thorough-
may. The German government, whom we are fare" at the end of all the ways with which the
fighting, has known better. Its military ruth- British government has dealt with its labor prob-
lessness abroad is grounded upon its industrial lem up to the present. When the war came
considerateness at home, and it has held out so trade-unions in England had a strong and pe-
long precisely because it has guarded its work- culiarly influential position. They had achieved
ing masses against fatigue and disease and maim-
power in politics and their relations with the
ing and death. But the German government is employing class were governed by what Mr.
an autocracy, responsible to no one, and
Webb describes as "a complicated network of
as it will. So it not infrequently deviates into usages and regulations, differing from district to
intelligence. The governments of England and district, and often from establishment to estab-
of the United States, being of democratic consti- lishment.” These had grown up as “necessary
tution, act as they must, and the compulsion upon defences against a progressive degradation of
them is very various—public opinion, the inertia their standard of life," and their rôle in the in-
and circumlocution of departmental tradition, dustry of the nation was like that of the British
the interests of the "invisible government," and, constitution in the political affairs of the nation
per accidens, also intelligence. Mostly, how- -a very complicated, unwritten tradition, the
ever, democratic governments learn only by the winnings of a struggle between the possessing
method of trial and error. They have short and the dispossessed, and the palladium of such
memories and cannot easily profit by the past, liberties, industrial or political, as Englishmen
particularly if the past is not their own. They currently chose to secure and to defend. War
are consequently wasteful of treasure, life, and found England altogether unprepared for its exi-
time—you need only regard the history of Eng- gencies, and her industrial unpreparedness was
land in this war to realize how much and how worse than her military. War compelled, there-
stupidly. Those who desire consolation may fore, an industrial reorganization of England, a
consider the idea that democracies are built for reorganization, Mr. Webb declares, tantamount
comfort, not for speed.
to a revolution. Nothing less could have served
The record of the handling of labor in Eng- to bring production to the point where the enemy
land for the period of the war is a characteristic could be met, at least, on equal terms. A revo-
piece of British muddling. The history of labor lution accordingly took place. The trade-union
in the United States since this country entered network was swept away; labor was “diluted”;
the war is a characteristic piece of American non-union women workers and unskilled men
thoughtlessness. There was, and there is, the were set to work; single processes were broken
example of England before the public officials up into parts and given to separate workers;
and the private industrial magnates; there were automatic machinery was introduced; the hours
and there are before them the various findings of labor were lengthened; holidays were abol-


1917]
335
THE DIAL
ished; machinery was sped up. The industrial bor, health and hygiene, general welfare, employ-
organization of England was, as one trade-union- ment of women, juvenile employment.
ist put it, Americanized.
The findings are the expected. That exces-
This was done with the good will and consent sive hours, continuous labor, overtime, night
of the whole British labor organization. At a work, all decrease the output, while shorter
stroke it sacrificed for the good of the nation, the hours, with appropriate periods of rest, increase
hard winnings of three-quarters of a century of it. That fatigue, accumulated, retards produc-
,
industrial conflict. All that it required in return tion, spoils work, causes accidents, sickness, lost
was, as Mr. Montagu, then Minister of Muni- time, and staleness, and that it was the cause
tions, said in the House of Commons on August of much that the employers denounced as slack-
15, 1916, “a scrupulous record and recognition ing. That accidents are due also to unguarded
of what they were conceding." This was prom- machinery, the lack of safety appliances, absence
”
ised them, and more, by minister after minister. of regulation of dangerous processes, inadequate
The "more" was a pledge completely and abso- lighting, dirty machinery, uninstructed employees.
lutely to restore trade-union conditions after the That disease is also due to inadequate attention
war. And an act of Parliament made the prom- to slight wounds and abrasions, to insufficient
ise the promise of the nation.
protection against poisonous material, and to the
It is not a promise that can be kept. British lack of proper washing facilities, ventilation,
industry, both war and non-war industry, has heating, and lighting. That output depends on
been completely transformed. The new ma- good housing, easy transportation, proper nour-
chines, the use of piecework, the standardization ishment, humane incentives to work. That the
of processes, the great increase in new labor, existence of right conditions is indispensable
which will remain in the field after the war, all where women and children are employed. The
mean a new situation which the old “trade-union report may be summarized as pointing out that
network" can neither meet nor control. More- the human machine at work is at least no worse
over, in spite of the many solemn promises, the than other machines, that it is, like other ma-
record of the customs, usages, and standards abol- chines, subject to deterioration and wastage, and
ished has in most instances been very laxly kept that it consequently should have at least the
in some instances not kept at all. The ministry of same constant, careful examination and repair
munitions has been tender about compelling em-
as the others if it is to be kept at maximum
ployers to abide by this part of their contract. It utility.
seemed to hold in its mind's eye heaped-up moun-
But there is this unhappy paradox: human be-
tains of munitions, and gave little thought to the ings are not merely machines. That is why they
quality of human nature which heaps such moun-
get worse treatment, and are, in addition, blamed
for not doing so well as machines. Hence, al-
hibited strikes and lockouts in war industries,” though the Newman committee did its work
writes Miss Walter, “and substituted compul- thoroughly, its effect has not been great. There
has been some improvement, but things are very
sory arbitration.” Workmen were required to
much as they were, and, as is usual in such mat-
show “certificates of discharge” from their em-
ters, are likely to grow worse rather than better.
ployers and were subject to trial by local muni- The English government has organized its indus-
tions committees for anything “tending to re-
tries, but it has alienated the workers. It has
strict production.” There ensued a heyday of failed even to maintain the human part of the
exploitation by profiteers.
industrial machine at adequate efficiency. It has
This was followed by the inevitable conse- made the workers a pledge that it cannot keep
quences. Workers could not be recruited and after having received at their hands the greatest
held in sufficient numbers to insure an adequate sacrifice to national welfare that any social class
supply of munitions; while those at work has yet made. There is distrust in England, and
"slacked," missed days, and otherwise fell short. when the war is over there will be worse. “Up
Finally, in September, 1915, there was appointed, and down the country,” says Mr. Webb, "the
under the Ministry of Munitions, the Health of workmen will be very angry. . . In every branch
Munition Workers Committee, with Sir George meeting . . . at every labor conference, the tale
Newman as chairman. Its findings are grouped will be discussed of how, when the government
by Miss Walter under five heads—hours of la- was in a hole, and the employers were eager for
.
.


336
[October 11
THE DIAL
war profits, the opportunity was taken to play imum to both Mr. Webb suggests a new indus-
upon the workmen's patriotic feelings to induce trial charter to replace the unrestorable "trade-
them to make what the responsible minister de- union network." The first article of such a
scribed as perhaps as great a sacrifice as has ever charter is the prevention of unemployment
been asked of any community; of how the Trade- through such a programme of public work, cov-
Union Leaders, in the name of the workmen ering the first decade after the war, "as will
::.. made this sacrifice ... in reliance on the maintain approximately level from year to year
pledge of the government and the employers the aggregate wage total of the kingdom.” The
that the 'pre-war conditions'
would in second is the maintenance of standard rates of
their integrity be restored; and of how, when wages. The third is a constitution for factory
the time came, the nation and the employers, hav- and industry, involving in principle and in or-
ing secured all the advantages, broke their word, ganization industrial democracy within a given
and the workmen found themselves done!" trade. The fourth is the result of the first three
War, in a word, cannot go on forever, and no -the abolition of "ca' canny.” The fifth is the
state, not even the German, can live by war freedom of men and women to enter or leave
alone. The democracy for which the world must trades, with the public guarantee of skilled
be made safe is industrial democracy even more craftsmen against unemployment and against re-
than other kinds, and the British way of making duction of standards.
the world safe for democracy in industry has too Such is Mr. Webb's modest proposal-mod-
close a family resemblance to Jonathan Swift's est, this time, not in Dr. Swift's sense.
solution of the Irish problem. England may, of What bearing have this proposal and the con-
course, go on muddling. The authorities may, ditions that evoked it upon the wartime indus-
Mr. Webb suggests, deceive the workmen. They trial situation in America ? Here industrial
may effect a sham restoration, and so intensify conditions are in many respects very different from
the class war, keep real wages down, and put a those in England, and American trade-unionism
premium on the practice of "ca' canny" or limit- differs from British both in influence and in vigor.
ing the output. Both employees and employers In England the political action of organized
will suffer, and the country will suffer.
labor is direct ; in America it is indirect. Ameri-
The way deeper in is here obviously not at all can labor organizations are without the English
the way out. The way out is another way alto- experience in coöperation, productive and distrib-
gether. It is the way of a return to first prin- utive, in the significance and value of education,
ciples, and first principles demand a reconsider- in political insight. The American trade-union
ation of the motives and energies of human life is still a very primitive thing—merely a battle-
and the value of the machinery of society in formation in the class war, designed to wrest
enlarging and perfecting them. Mr. Webb's better wages, hours, and working conditions
proposals consequently derive from an implicit from the employing classes. It is not, as it is
and daring assumption that working people are in so many cases in England, an agency in the
men and women first and carpenters, or ladlers, creative reorganization of the workman's life.
or cartridge-fillers afterward, and that they be- It is without responsibility in the industry
come the latter in order to preserve the former. which it serves, without traditions, and not so
They want, in a word, to live, to express their resistant to innovation. Thus, "efficiency engi-
spontaneous energies, to find happiness. To do neering,” unknown in England until the war,
this well, they must be insured against unem- is an American profession, and plants like the
ployment, against destruction of their standards Ford or the Franklin are primarily American
of life, against assault on their collective inter- phenomena. Trade-unionism is still far from
ests. And they must be guaranteed the right to being what it should be in American industry-
strike. Their livings, in short, must serve to an automatically accepted constituent in the
emphasize their lives. This is really what trade- country's industrial life. The primitivism of
unionism aims at.
union organization in America is a limitation,
Against this need is the employers' demand but a limitation which is also an opportu-
for "a progressive increase in industrial effi- nity.
ciency." Sir George Newman's committee has The evil effect of the limitation showed itself
shown that far from being opposed, these two in the munitions works in Bridgeport, Connecti-
interests are interdependent. To secure the max- cut. Although Miss Hewes's study is confined


1917]
337
THE DIAL
to the subject of women as munition-makers, its The women in the factories were "unable to
social and economic findings apply generally. It offer effective resistance when little by little they
is a study limited in scope because the authori- were robbed of the gift [the eight-hour day),
ties at the plant refused the Russell Sage Foun- their schedules of working hours being modified,
dation permission to make an exhaustive study first by frequent overtime, and later by the com-
of the industrial situation in the plant. When pany's regarding this overtime as part of the reg-
such a study as could be made "was submitted ular daily hours.” In many instances the period
in manuscript in advance of publication, to for luncheon was fifteen minutes, and was not
officials of the Remington Arms-Union Metallic lengthened when the eight-hour, was dishonestly
Cartridge Company for their criticism ..." changed to a ten-hour, schedule.
they suggested "that no study could be accurate And the workers were also defrauded of their
which was not based on data obtained in the higher wages. “When once the larger force was
plant itself.” Thereupon, once more, "the Foun- organized, the eight-hour day was gradually
dation offered to make a supplementary inquiry lengthened. So, during the summer of 1916,
before publishing the report. This offer was the management appeared to be engaged in the
refused.” The findings of the report show why. policy of reducing rates of pay. We used to
Conditions in Bridgeport during the summer get 127/2 cents a thousand,' said an inspector,
of 1916 echoed "those under which English ‘and that certainly did make slick pay for a girl.
women worked for the first year or more of the But now they only give us nine cents for the
war with such bad effects upon themselves and same work.' Even where piece rates were not
upon efficiency of production. In the summer reduced, the tremendous speed at which the
of 1915, when war orders began to accumulate machinery was driven, according to the testi-
and “rumors of fabulous war profits” spread, a mony of many of the girls, so injured the ma-
series of strikes established, “in spite of strong chines that they could not turn out as much as
opposition of the Manufacturers' Association of they used to.” Only—the lifeless machines were
Bridgeport,” the eight-hour day and higher repaired when they were injured.
wages. But the unions were not strong enough The upshot of the boom, thus, was, primarily
to enforce a closed shop, and night work was on and chiefly, the exploitation of the workers, and
the increase.
the deterioration of the town and its inhabitants.
The lure of higher pay, however, made of Here, however, the citizens of Bridgeport took
Bridgeport a boom town and brought upon the a hand. "The merchants and manufacturers,
heads of its administration all the problems of the educators and the physicians, the Chamber
housing, sanitation, education, recreation, and so of Commerce, civic and philanthropic associa-
on, that a boom town creates. Everything went
tions united for action. They got expert advice
up with the wages, and far outdistanced them,
and went to work." A bond issue was sanc-
so that in effect, the actual wage of the workers tioned by popular vote for a budget covering the
was lower, not higher, than before the boom. items of education, public safety, sanitation,
In the shops, moreover, accident-prevention streets, roads, and parks. A recreation and hous-
has not gone far enough; mutilation and indus- ing commission was appointed, and the Bridge-
trial poisoning were frequent. Said one muti- port Housing Company was formed. Nothing,
lated girl: "I often had to complain about that however, could be done to improve the indus-
machine, but they didn't put guards on it until trial conditions. "Women still work at night
after I was hurt.” There was little regard, it will ... and protection against accident and indus-
be noted, for the need of safety appliances. For trial disease in munition shops is still inadequate,
sanitary precautions there seems to have been as is the amount of compensation for disability
less: "One worker employed in a process in
due to industry.
which she handled fulminate reported that em- The industrial situation in Bridgeport is rep-
ployees in her department were forbidden to resentative. Our participation in the war has
wash their hands until after the factory whistle aggravated it, not changed it. The pre-war ma-
blew for dismissal, and that the only washing fa- chinery of adjustment and conciliation of the
cilities were long troughs with a number of Department of Labor is too small and too weak
spigots. She also said that no towels were pro- to cope with it, and even if it were strong
vided.”
enough, it could affect only symptoms, not causes.
Nor was the eight-hour day long retained. The new machinery, consisting of the Commit-
a


338
(October 11
THE DIAL
tee on Labor of the Advisory Commission of the tivity during the war. Mr. Justice Brandeis's
Council of National Defense, departmental ad- famous protocol in the garment-industries contro-
visors, and special committees like that headed versy is the American instance of an industrial
by Mr. Louis Kerstein of Boston, is not co-
constitution. The traditionless character of
ercive and therefore impotent. The readjust American labor-organization gives it a leeway
ment which war conditions demand is a read- for action that the English organization does not
justment in principle, not in single cases. Merely possess.
possess. Labor itself should, wherever possible,
to maintain the standards that existed before our be accountable for shop-conditions, for insurance,
entry into the war—and this is the ruling pur- for maximum production. In those trades par-
pose which the committee on labor has defined ticularly where the government supplies the raw
for itself-requires a deference to a complex sit- materials, or the tools, or both, contracts might
uation of which all the factors are constantly be made directly with the labor-unions, and they
changing. Changes in wages are accompanied be left to themselves in carrying out the contracts.
by changes in all the conditions of existence. We In the garment trades it is particularly easy to
face a situation in which rising wages go with initiate such a movement.
An advance among
falling standards of living.
the war workers will force an advance in the
Now if the war worker is as significant as the whole industrial world. If, as is declared,
soldier, he should receive the same care as the strikes are formented by agents of the enemy, it
soldier. This care might be exercised at least must also be remembered that both employers
through rigid government inspection of all plants and the government give the enemy aid and
where war work of any sort is done, and by a comfort so long as they tolerate conditions that
system of graded fines for failure to maintain make strikes necessary.
H. M. KALLEN.
definitely fixed minimum standards. Failure
might be pilloried in the public press with "piti-
less publicity." The report of Sir George New-
Enrico Ferri
man's committee failed in its effect, precisely for
lack of such publicity. The administration of
CRIMINAL SOCIOLOGY. By Enrico Ferri. (Little,
such a measure might well be entrusted to the Brown & Co.; $5.)
committee on labor.
More than thirty years ago a young professor
But such inspection and publicity are only be- in the University of Sienna brought out a new
ginnings. Standards of working conditions and work on the offender which he called "Criminal
standards of living are very different things. A Sociology." This book still remains the most
return to first principles must take into con- distinguished general contribution to the subject
sideration standards of living. Men and women of criminology, though much of its data and
will work more efficiently and devotedly if they some of its conclusions are now out of date.
have the assurance that the future is guarded The remarkable fact about this work, which
against the great fears that beset all proletarians brought it such immediate as well as lasting
-the fear of unemployment, of accident, of ill- fame, is that it broke largely with the older
health, of penniless old age, and of death.* In- anthropological theories of crime and became the
dustrial insurance in all war work is even more textbook of the newer sociological school of crim-
imperative than the proposed military insurance, inology. This older school was known as the
and should follow the same lines. Only so can la positivist or Italian-sometimes, from its greatest
bor acquire anything but a hysterical interest in its exponent, the Lombrosan-school. The positiv-
share of the conduct of the war as a technique. ist thinkers had in their day marked a distinct
But even this is a bare beginning. A real and advance over the views of the classical or free-
enduring interest would require labor to become will theorists, which had persisted and dominated
both responsive and responsible in the conduct well into the nineteenth century. This older
of the war, and this implies on labor's part in- school had based its theory and treatment of the
itiative far more than obedience. Consequently, criminal upon a theory of the freedom of the
a constitution, such as Mr. Webb recommends will, holding that the offender is individually
for British labor after the war, is a desirable responsible for his acts and that the point of at-
instrument to enhance American labor's produc- tack in repression or in reformation is upon the
will itself rather than upon biological and en-
"The War and the Labor Programme" in The
Dial for June 28, 1917.
vironmental factors. There is, of course, much
等
​--
-


1917]
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THE DIAL
ences.
truth in such a view, but when pushed to an political office-did much to predispose him to
extreme, it neglects just those factors, environ- a greater appreciation of environmental influ-
mental and hereditary, which are now most em-
A scientific criminology, and therefore a
phasized. Lombroso saw the weakness of the scientific penology, was not possible until due
free-will or classical theory of criminal causation weight could be given to such factors in crim-
as a final explanation and sought to locate the inal causation.
causative factors in the physical and mental Though the heart of Ferri's contribution is in
make-up of the criminal himself, assuming after his new and stimulating interpretation of the
the fashion of his time that such characteristics genesis of the criminal, many other contributions
were inherited rather than acquired. This ex- set forth in his book should not be neglected.
plains Lombroso's dominant emphasis upon his For instance, his theory of penal substitutes,
several varieties of the “born criminal.”
which is an early form of our modern emphasis
Valuable as was this line of investigation, , upon prevention, has had a marked influence
which sought to establish definite and measurable upon our constructive attitudes toward the of-
data of criminal causation, it finally became ri- fender. So simple were his proposals that we
diculous in the hands of its over-zealous sup-
should reform our institutions, laws, govern-
porters. Purely external characteristics, such as ments, and economic and social conditions as a
the shape of the head, the color of the skin, and substitute for our elaborate machinery of punish-
the like, were urged as causes of criminality. ment, thus preventing the growth of most crim-
This theory practically disregarded the factor of inality, that it is surprising that such methods
environmental causation, just as the older clas- were not earlier appreciated and insisted upon.
sical school had failed to see both heredity and In the field of practical programmes he is mainly
environment in accounting for crime.
interested in the reform of criminal procedure,
Ferri was only one of many scientific think- especially as it affects the conduct of the trial and
ers in the field of criminology and sociology who the jury. He also devotes brief discussions to
revolted against this one-sided emphasis, but he the problems of prison administration, penal
was one of the ablest of them all. After some colonies, deportation, prison architecture, and the
years of study of both the environmental and like. His training was more on the legal and
hereditary factors, part of which time was spent psychological than on the administrative side, a
as a pupil of Lombroso, he brought out his re- fact which accounts for his dominant interests.
markable work in the first edition of 1882. By Ordinarily a mere translation of a book pre-
doing so he gave form to the synthetic or soci- sented to a foreign public some thirty years after
ological theory of crime. He emphasized the its first publication would not call for extended
neglected factor of environment more strongly comment, but too much cannot be said of Ferri's
even than he did the anthropological or heredi- contribution even at this date. While most so-
tary ones. He continued to use much of the ciologists have accepted the new viewpoint and
old terminology, including Lombroso's phrase the emphasis he has given us, popular thinking and
"born criminal" and the term "insane criminal," the legal mind lag behind in the umbra of codes
but he read a new content into these forms. To which are based upon the philosophy of the
Ferri there is, strictly speaking, no such thing as classical school of criminology.
a born criminal, though there are offenders who
L. L. BERNARD.
owe much of their criminal development to bad
heredity as well as to defective environmental
conditions. The influence of this new viewpoint Versified Henry James
in criminology, and especially of Ferri's effective
presentation of it, cannot easily be overestimated. MERLIN. By Edwin Arlington Robinson. (Mac-
Just as the new outlook of the positivist school
millan Co.; $1.25.)
AN APRIL ELEGY. By Arthur Davison Ficke.
stimulated anthropological investigation, this so- (Mitchell Kennerley; $1.25.)
ciological school did much to develop a science Far apart as they are in other respects, these
of environment, both as a starting-point for the two long poems have one fault in common. Both
study of criminal causation and as a basis for the lead the reader to expect narrative, and both, in
formulation of a new penology and a revision of different ways and degrees, disappoint that ex-
penal law. Ferri's sympathy with the socialist pectation. In both, the psychology is brilliant
philosophy—he was an active socialist and held and searching. Swift pencils of light are flashed


342
[October 11
THE DIAL
An English View of the President a stumbling, irresolute Congress, driving through
his vast programme with enheartening ease.
PRESIDENT WILSON FROM AN ENGLISH POINT OF Mexico furnishes perhaps a more vivid ex-
View. By H. Wilson Harris. (Frederick A.
ample of Mr. Wilson's quality on the negative
Stokes Co.; $1.75.)
In presenting an English view of President
side. The American people formulated no policy
Wilson, Mr. Harris has performed a service as
with regard to Mexico and the President in con-
valuable for American as for English readers.
sequence, like the people, adopted "watchful
We of the United States, observing the inevi- waiting.” The President had splendid ideals of
table inaccuracies and deficiencies in the con-
Pan-Americanism, but ideals are not policies and
sideration of our politics by a careful British
it is a certain touchstone for Mr. Wilson's ad-
student, may have a renewed comprehension of
ministration to note that his ideals are translated
the greater depths of our ignorance of English
into policies only after the democracy, whose
politics.
great servant he aspires to be and is, has formu-
Mr. Harris attempts an unadorned biography
lated an opinion which can be relied upon to
of Woodrow Wilson and a simple exposition of
support an executive programme.
his presidential policies. What may appeal to
Woodrow Wilson the statesman combines a
most Americans as a fundamental error is his
patient firmness in action, and an intellectual
assumption that Mr. Wilson is primarily an in- self-sufficiency in counsel, with an amazing and
itiating leader. A leader of exceptional power he seemingly inconsistent responsiveness to public
undoubtedly is, but one who customarily takes the opinion. To interpret the public will seems to
be his chosen ideal for a leader of democracy.
lead after a project has been formulated and
organized and advanced to the dignity of either
To write successfully the life of such a man re-
majority or strong minority support. This ap-
quires an intimate knowledge of the politics and
pears to be his self-chosen rôle. He does not
politicians of his time. This knowledge Mr.
waste his energy or influence in seeking out new
Harris admittedly lacks. His minimizing of the
roads and persuading the doubting hosts to
profound influence of Progressivism, and the
follow. He watches mass opinion closely, and
Progressive Party upon the President is peculiarly
with the certainty of genius waits for and recog-
irritating to anyone well acquainted with the
nizes the gradual emergence of mature convic-
last decade of American politics. Mr. Harris
tions and issues from the confused discussion of
refers to Senator La Follette, who bitterly op-
unhealthy or undeveloped policies wherein demo- posed the Progressive Party and supported Wil-
cracy thinks out loud.
son, as "one of the founders of the Progressive
Mr. Harris observes, for example, that the
Party." He describes the Progressive plat-
President changed his deprecation of prepared-
form, which sounded an absolutely new note in
ness in 1914 to a fervent advocacy before 1916,
American politics and attacked vigorously both
the old parties, as "a curious amalgam of the
but lays the change largely to the education of
Republican and Democratic."
Mr. Wilson by the events of 1915, giving the im-
An inclination to be harsh with Mr. Harris
pression that the President then transmitted his
should be restrained because of the clear sin-
enlightenment to the people. More accurately cerity and good intention of his work. He
he might have written that the events of 1915, writes of recent American politics without a
interpreted by the propagandists of preparedness, comprehension of the powerful influence of Col-
had enlightened the American people. A mass onel Roosevelt, and of the magnitude and depth
opinion demanding increased
increased armament of the struggle between him and Mr. Wilson.
formed, not with Mr. Wilson's aid, but consid-
The two men are utterly different in character
erably despite his very powerful resistance. The and method, and the conflict between them is
President, a high type of pacifist, reluctantly ac- inevitable and elemental. The life of neither
cepted the changed public opinion as his mentor. can be written without a fair knowledge of the
He took the lead with obvious hesitation, ex- other. Mr. Harris labors under the handicap
hibited notably in his controversy with Secretary of having only superficial information concern.
of War Garrison, but public opinion massed it- ing both.
self in increasing strength behind even this doubt- His book will have the largest value for
ing leadership and when the break with Germany Americans in his interpretation of Mr. Wilson's
came the President was able to swing it against international polity. Here, with a better com-
was


1917]
343
THE DIAL
prehension of the issues and factors involved, he One could wish that a novel written about the
interprets more skilfully. Here, also, he is de- great port on the Scheldt, so cruel, opulent, de-
lineating a Wilson who is less the speaker of, generate, with its grasping bourgeoisie and its
and more the speaker for, democracy. The swarming youthful workers, had made that life
American people comprehend so little of inter- more vivid before our eyes. Eekhoud writes un-
national relations that they are accustomed to doubtedly with strong anti-capitalist feeling, with
accept without controversy the presidential de- hope for the day when Antwerp will “be restored
terminations of their will toward other peoples. again to her true children.” He has a great
The abrupt reversal of a policy of national isola- theme, and he knows his city through all its
tion aroused little opposition, because to the turbulent layers. But he does not fuse the life
masses “isolation," "Monroe Doctrine," "im- really into artistic form. One thinks of “Ger-
perialism,” and such terms had no poignant sig- minal,” and one misses the power and deep ref-
nificance. The Balkan question will mean erence and social orientation of Zola. One
nothing to us as a people until it begins to cost us thinks of "Pillars of Society" and one misses the
blood and money. Upon international questions cold, cutting subtlety of Ibsen in his exposure
Mr. Wilson spoke for the people, and his pur- of that greed of the capitalist which sweeps
poses rather than those of our people may be away all human consideration. And one thinks
read in those utterances. Mr. Harris's exposi- of "Pelle” and misses the palpitating mass-life
tion of Wilson as President of Humanity—to use with its hunger, and its pathetic struggle against
the phrase of a hostile critic-is therefore more its masters and the elements. Eekhoud, in using
accurate and illuminating than his well-inten- these themes, suffers immeasurably by contrast
tioned but inadequate presentation of Wilson as with these greater books. His individuals are
President of the United States.
too unrelieved in their villainous materialism.
DONALD R. RICHBERG. They become stagy and thin. The city is uncon-
vincingly fantastic in the Carthaginian flavor at-
tributed to it. The separate scenes are not
The Belgian Carthage worked out, and the plot has little firmness of
fibre. The city is seen through the eyes of the
THE NEW CARTHAGE. By Georges Eekhoud. sensitive young Laurent, who leaves the unsym-
(Duffield & Co. $1.50.)
pathetic relatives with whom he is brought up
After reading this work by the Belgian nov-
and follows a roving life, first with a group of
elist, Eekhoud, one wonders whether it would
radical artists and writers and then with poor
have been translated if it had been written by workmen and the “runners” of the wharves.
anyone but a Belgian. One wonders further why The thread of story is carried along through his
this should have been the specimen of Eekhoud's love for the beautiful and wealthy Gina, his
work chosen for translation. There is a certain
cousin, who marries a vile speculator, Béjard,
irony in the contrast between the “profound trafficker in emigrants and war supplies, and
homage” with which the translator dedicates his grinder of child workers. The story passes to
work to the Belgian King, and this very unsavory
a melodramatic end in the sinking of the rotten
picture of modern Antwerp, told by a passionate ship which Béjard has loaded with deluded emi-
radical. If only good should be spoken of the
grants—among whom were Laurent's friends
martyred, some readers will not care to learn
for Brazil, and the destruction of Laurent and
of the hatred of the people for the conscript his enemy in the explosion of the latter's cart-
army, of the miserable, exploited industrial serfs
ridge plant.
of Belgium, of the greedy and soulless upper- Yet this ending has not half the tragic power
class society of Antwerp. But to the translator, of that even more melodramatic dénouement of
Mr. Lloyd R. Morris, any Belgian book is evi- "Germinal,” after we have followed for so long
dently a good book, and he sends this one forth
the pathos of individual lives set in the inexorable
duly expurgated of those franknesses in which horror of modern industry. Eekhoud's novel is
“Anglo-Saxon and Gallic taste are at variance.”
more the brave attempt of a writer who is a soci-
Even this neatest excuse for prudery, however, ological prophet rather than an artist.
leaves in the book many of those "sensual aspects true socialist, he feels classes rather than indi-
of life" which Mr. Morris in his preface tells us vidual lives. The best things are always the
are of the Fleming's genius.
racy pictures of peasants, conscripts, dockers,


344
[October 11
THE DIAL
It was
young criminals, and prostitutes. Here is the col- in the studio, his vocation expressed a passion to
orful type that he feels, the pulsing movement separate himself from his fellows, from the vulgar
of the crowd. Read as a series of picturesque mediocrity of the herd. To épater le bourgeois
sketches of the life of the old port, the book is was not simply a pleasure; it was a duty and
keenly interesting. Yet somehow in these groups, a badge of caste. The pontiffs of that shining
vividly and distinctly as they are felt, the sense period were as remorseless as the most violent
of both the city as a whole and of the breathing of the Bolsheviki. Not being able to annihilate
significance of individual lives caught in the clash the bourgeoisie, they found it convenient to pil-
of groups, is strangely missing. The groups lory them and to amaze them by the extrava-
somehow delightfully live, but not the city which gances of art. A little later on, with Mallarmé,
they compose nor the people who compose them. the crown was to be bestowed for unintelligibility.
RANDOLPH BOURNE.
a world soaked in the delusion of
grandeur.
The phenomenon of Mr. Huneker's style can-
Whims
not be explained without reference to those years
in Paris. He has lived through a transitional
UNICORNS. By James Huneker. (Charles Scrib- period, and he has come a little way along the
ner's Sons; $1.75.)
new road.
With what reluctance the reader
Mr. Huneker has developed of late an un- is left to guess. He has, for example, a con-
restrained fondness for apocalyptic beasts. His siderable indulgence for the bourgeois. He no
totem in the present volume is the Unicorn, but longer sees him as the black beast with hoofs and
he has not wholly abandoned his Ivory Apes and long furry ears. But he can't avoid trying to
Peacocks, and when he essays to volplane peril- shock him now and then by the extravagance of
ously through the Fourth Dimension of Space, his language, any more than he can avoid
it is on the back of the Hippogriff, "with its instructing him in the course of the arts. Daisy
liberating wings.” The Unicorn, says Mr. Miller was abroad in the period of Mr. Hune-
Huneker, enables us to feel "the nostalgia of the ker's novitiate and there is plenty of evidence on
infinite, the sorcery of dolls, the salt of sex, the which to base the suspicion that he met her and
vertigo of them that skirt the edge of perilous took the measure of her limitations. She still
ravines
He is cosmopolite and ideal-
represents his compatriots for him—an eager but
ist and easily filled with ecstasy in the presence innocent crew, who need a Baedeker in the
of the Seven Arts. He is, you may infer, a realm of the arts. This sense of our limitations
humorous projection of Mr. Huneker's own ego has been a handicap to Mr. Huneker. It has
—the symbol of his life-long search for the betrayed him into making of his work a curious
beautiful.
pastiche -a mosaic of facts, dates, gossip, and
To anyone curious about the growth of our criticism, with quotation predominating. The
culture Mr. Huneker's case is worth attention. resulting pattern is bizarre, and it must give
He went abroad to saturate himself in the atmos-
foreigners an exaggerated notion of the gaps in
phere of art somewhere near the beginning of
our national culture. Open his latest book at
the eighties. It was a great period for the random and you come upon such passages as
devotee and he was a born devotee. The cult of
this:
art was never more resplendent or developed on
As old Flaubert used to say: such books are false,
a scale more grandiose and imposing. There was nature is not like that. How keenly he saw through
a touch of the mysticism of religiosity, a sacred the humbug of "free love”-a romantic tradition of
George Sand's epoch-may be noted in his comment
ritual, and the austerity of personal sacrifice.
that Emma Bovary found in adultery all the plati-
Art then had its popes and its celibates. The tudes of marriage. Ah! that much despised, stupid,
incomparable Flaubert died in that period and
venerable institution, marriage! How it has been
flouted since the days of Rousseau—the father of false
was straightway canonized. “Madame Bovary" romanticism and that stupefying legend, the "equal-
was the breviary of the novice. Huysmans was
ity" of mankind. (0! the beautiful word, “equality,”
invented for the delectation of rudimentary minds.)
on the point of exhibiting the true source of
Or this bit on George Sand:
much of this exaltation by writing "A Rebours"
She had charm. She had style, serene, Aowing,
and preparing to merge the asceticism of the artist
also tepid and fatuous, the style detested by Charles
in that of the churchman. Whether the writer Baudelaire, and admired by Turgenev and Renan and
Lamennais. Baudelaire remarked of this "best sel-
dealt with life directly or only dreamed about it ler" that she wrote her chefs d'ouvres as if they were
-


1917]
345
THE DIAL
man.
letters, and posted them. The “style coulant,” praised tality by embracing “Creative Involution” and
by bourgeois critics, he abhorred, as it lacked accent,
relief, individuality. “She is the Prudhomme of inn-
turning joyous somersaults in the Fourth Dimen-
mortality," he said-not a bad definition—and "she sion of Space. But that, I am sure, is only his
is stupid, heavy, and a chatterer." She loves the
way of escaping from the tyranny of the actual,
proletarian, and her sentiment is adapted to the intel-
ligent wife of the concierge and the sentimental har-
and we may fairly lay the blame on the Unicorn
lot. Which shows that even such a versatile critic and the Hippogriff and suspect that he has his
as Baudelaire had his prejudices.
tongue in his cheek. Even a ghostly and dimin-
It is all in the same manner, obligingly in-
ished passion to épater le bourgeois is likely to
formative and genially casual. It has the com-
tempt a man to keep a strange menagerie about
pactness of pemmican. It is guaranteed by the
the premises, especially a man who loves a joke
authority of great names, and shows an agile
as well as Mr. Huneker. His great merit is that
intellect dovetailing epigrams. Mr. Huneker has
he has banished solemnity and cant; he talks
never escaped from the blight of cleverness that
about books because he loves them, and there isn't
characterized the nineties. He has the air of a
an ounce of pedantry in his whole nature.
bon-vivant who dines nightly with the Muses
GEORGE BERNARD DONLIN.
and has to store up dinner-table witticisms to
keep them from yawning like the weary business
To be sure, he borrows more than he
invents, but even that is a strain on the memory
A Parable of Toleration
unless he keeps a card catalogue or a secretary.
THE COMING. By J. C. Snaith. (D. Appleton
One trembles to think of what would happen if & Co.; $1.50.)
the memory were to go blank or the card cata- Fiction can express almost any idea of which
logue to go up in smoke. Mr. Huneker's pages the human mind is capable, certainly all ideas
would look like dispatches that had gone through relating to human character, intercourse, social
the hands of the censor.
relations, and government. A novel cannot in-
If we turn from the manner to the under- clude a treatise on vector analysis, but if a novel-
lying philosophy, we see that Mr. Huneker ist wishes to do such a strange thing and knows
sweeps here, too, with a wide net that takes in how to manage narrative, he can make one of
metaphysics, science, sociology, and political his characters a professor of mathematics and
philosophy. “Science only attains the knowledge through the professor's talk indicate that vector
of the correspondence and relativity of things analysis is, or is not, of value to humanity. We
no mean intellectual feat, by the way—but not do not expect to find in a love story a discourse
of the things themselves
“Man must
on free trade or any other formal division of
no longer be egocentric. The collective soul is economics; yet a novelist can make his young
born. The psychology of the mob, according to man and the girl's father political opponents and
Professor Le Bon, is different from the psychol- so bring out any idea about free trade that he
ogy of the individual .. Mob psychology wishes to impress on the reader. It all depends
is always false psychology. The crowd obliter- on how skilfully the novelist manages the talk
ates the ego." "His birth, breeding, and tem- of his characters, how deeply he interests us in
perament made Mallock a foe to socialism, to the
a
the persons who hold this opinion or that.
promiscuous in politics, religion, society, there- English and American novelists have dealt
fore an apostle of culture, not missing its precious with all manner of political, social, and religious
side; witness Mr. Rose in The New Republic, ideas.
ideas. Dickens, George Eliot, Charles Reade,
and one who abhorred the crass and the irre- Trollope, Meredith, Mrs. Stowe, Howells, not
verent in the New Learning.” “Withal, the to mention Wells, Galsworthy, and the many
didactic side of our fiction is overdone. I set other young, alert students of life, have found
it down to the humbug about the ‘masses' being the novel a palatable vehicle for ideas that in
opposed to the 'classes.' Truly a false antithesis straight doses are hard to digest. In Russia,
As if a poor man suddenly enriched where ideas if put in the expository form most
didn't prove, as a rule, the hardest taskmaster suitable to them used to be suppressed, the novel-
to his own class. Consider the new-rich. What ists wrapped a pill that would have been bitter
a study they afford to the students of manners to the government, in the sugar of romance.
." and so on, and so on.
Aylmer Maude quotes in his “Life of Tolstoy" a
To compensate for a suspicion of staleness in letter from Drouzhinin, a Russian critic:
these high realms, Mr. Huneker shows his hospi-
An Englishman or an American may laugh at the


346
[October 11
THE DIAL
fact that in Russia not merely men of thirty, but gray- ization of all the characters, who are meant to
haired owners of two thousand serfs sweat over
stand for types of ideas.
stories of a hundred pages, which appear in the
magazines, are devoured by everybody, and arouse The miraculous cure and the mysterious Well-
discussion in society for a whole day. However much
sian discovery of the inventor are unnecessary
artistic quality may have to do with this result, you
cannot explain it merely by art. What in other lands burdens on probability; they threaten to drive
is a matter of idle talk and careless dilettantism, it outside the frame of reality. In this respect
with us is quite another affair. Among us things
the story is inferior to Artzibashef's “Death of
have taken such shape that a story—the most frivo-
lous and insignificant form of literature—becomes one Ivan Lande.” In that story the forces which
of two things: either it is rubbish, or else it is the the idealist encounters and before which he
voice of a leader sounding through the empire.
finally succumbs are the plain everyday facts of
In England and America official restriction of
life. This is what would happen to the saint,
thought has not yet become so strangling as it
and what, in the greatest case in history, did
was in Russia before the revolution. But in both
happen. Yet though the individual perishes, the
the so-called Anglo-Saxon democracies there are
ideas survive, for there is the Bible, and there is
disheartening signs of a disposition on the part
your novelist, the modern parabolist, who in the
of officialdom and of "public opinion" to throttle
very act of recording the death or defeat of a
the ideas of the liberal minority; such signs are
character preserves the ideas for which he died;
the treatment accorded by the British govern-
they "arouse discussion in society for a whole
ment to the temperate and high-minded pro-
day," perhaps for many a day. Mr. Snaith
tests of Bertrand Russell and others, and, in this
makes his idealist triumphant by the too easy
country, the utter disregard, by Congress and
others in authority, of the constitutional guaran-
device of endowing him with dramatic genius
which takes the world by storm and revolution-
tee of freedom of speech and press and of the
izes the theatre. I will believe that when Mr.
right of peaceful assemblage. If Mr. Snaith had
Snaith writes the wonderful play that wins the
set forth in direct exposition or argument the
Nobel peace prize and finds an idealist under the
essential ideas of “The Coming,” he might even
waistcoat of an American theatrical manager.
now be confined, like his mystical hero, in a
Mr. Snaith's saint converts his enemy and makes
state institution for lunatics, or more likely in
a real Christian of him. That is barely possible,
a penal institution, along with Morel and the
but it is asking a good deal of human nature,
rest. Probably it was not so much a considera-
of that kind of human nature which he ascribes
tion of this danger as the artist's knowledge that
to the vicar. He would have served ideas as
the parable, a form at least as old as the Bible,
well if he had worked them out as the Russian
can be artistically as well as ethically effective,
did in “Ivan Lande,” and not made them so
which led him to cast his ideas in the mould of
immediately and practically victorious.
fiction.
For the essential ideas are good, and at pres-
The least favorable thing that can be said
about "The Coming" is that the personages in
ent it is real service to have presented them in
an attractive way. Those ideas are so simple,
whom the ideas are embodied are not sufficiently
so humane, the commonplaces of two thousand
specific and individual. The clergyman is a con-
years, that it is bewildering to think that they
ventional clergyman, he is generalized, provin-
seem insane to an insane world and wicked to a
cial "vicarism,” as compared with Trollope's
wicked world. John Smith has the audacity
clergymen who, as Trollope himself said, with
his sure instinct for character, are men first, who
to quote some of the charitable and pacific sen-
timents of the Bible. Therefore he is blasphe-
happen, as a secondary matter, to be priests. Dr.
Jollife is a conventional Irishman. Murdwell,
mous. He is a poet, and speaks in parables,
the American inventor, is not only the American
riddles, mystic metaphors. Therefore he is in-
as the Englishman conceives the type, clothes,
He has a vision, which he regards as a
manner, breeziness, and all, but also the literary reality; Goethe appears to him and says, “I have
man's conventionalized idea of the inventive,
come to pray for Germany." "Certainly," says
scientific genius. The mystical, Messianic hero John Smith, “I am very glad to pray for Ger-
does not quite emerge visibly and audibly a
many." Therefore he is a traitor, to be prose-
creature of Alesh and blood; but vagueness and
cuted, if he be intellectually responsible, under
unreality are, to be sure, in character with this the Defense of the Realm regulations. The offi-
strange superhuman being. And the parabolic cial attitude toward German literature (Mr.
nature of the story perhaps justifies the general- Snaith reserves this ironic thrust for the end of
sane.


1917]
347
THE DIAL
to be
my book.”
the book) is that of the representative of the
BRIEFS
Royal Academy of Literature who said at a pub-
lic meeting that "he had done with Goethe for-
IN GOOD COMPANY. By Coulson Kerna-
han. Lane; $1.50.
ever."
The vicar stands for ecclesiastic and civil
A poet who had just published a volume of
authority. He is all for duty, justice, and kind-
verses was asked whether Theodore Watts-Dun-
ton was likely to review the book in the “Athen-
ness. He and the English have Christ and the
æum.' “God forbid !” was the poet's reply, as
right on their side; the Germans are the incarna-
recorded by Mr. Kernahan. "He would simply
tion of wrong, Antichrist. Minister of a religion make my unfortunate book the peg upon which
which deals in parables, visions, poetic indirec- to hang a wonderful literary robe of spun silk
tions, sublime impracticalities, he has not imagina- and fine gold. He would begin—omitting all
tion enough to have caught the spirit of the idiom mention of me or my book—with some general-
which he employs every Sunday. All that sort isation, some great first principle, whether of
of thing happened in the world long ago, once
life, literature, science or art, no one, other than
for all; that anything like it should be embodied
himself or the God who made him, could ever be
in a modern man is inconceivable, worse than
sure beforehand. Then he would launch
out into an essay, incomparable in knowledge and
that, sacrilegious. There seem
many in scholarship, that would deal with everything
Christians like the vicar on both sides of the con-
in heaven or earth other than my unhappy little
Alict; you are at liberty to share Mr. Snaith's book. I should deem myself fortunate if,
optimistic confidence that they can be brought at the end of the review, I found my name as
to see the light.
much as mentioned.
if there were as much
The inventor, Murdwell, represents the sui- as one line in the whole four-page essay about
cide of science by its own prowess. The devil-
ish ingenuity of invention has been turned to the
Mr. Kernahan's recollections offer many a
destruction of the world. A horrible agent of
tempting “peg.” The paragraph just quoted,
death which Murdwell has discovered fortunately
supplemented by Watts-Dunton's own similar,
dies with him. This expresses the literary ideal-
though soberer, version of his method of review-
ing, is a challenge to a discussion of the func-
ist's despair of scientific achievement, the old
tion of the critic. The statement, made rather
contest between knowledge and spirit. The mournfully, that Watts-Dunton's "magnum opus
character is not convincing, but the problem it must be looked for, not in literature but in friend-
suggests is interesting, whether the conquest of ship," and that his best books stand upon our
natural forces by human intelligence will result shelves with the names of Dante Gabriel Rossetti
in the annihilation of the race or will be directed and Algernon Charles Swinburne on their covers,
to constructive ends.
invites a tribute to those uncelebrated artists whose
The best character is the squire who has come
genius finds expression in the ephemeral art of
home from the war paralyzed. He hates war,
being. The somewhat naïve speculation as to
whether Oscar Wilde's sins may not be traced,
hated it before he went into it, but did his part
literally, to demoniacal possession demands a
faithfully and accepts his invalidity without com-
jeremiad on the unconquerable propensity of hu-
plaint. He does not hate people, even Germans, man beings to overestimate the importance of the
and he is baffled and distressed by the animosi- irrelevant. Most of all, the epigram of some
ties of civilians who are more bitter than the famous unknown, with which the foreword be-
men in the trenches. Though it is unlikely gins" Recollections' are generally written by
that soldiers on either side are wasting much people who have either entirely lost their mem-
affection on their enemies, yet there is evidence
ories or who have never, themselves, done any-
that the actual business of fighting does not
thing worth remembering"-is an opening for a
engender a permanent spirit of revenge; that
discussion of the place of the literary gossip in
literature.
American officer who counselled his men that
All of which is by way of saying that Mr.
they must learn to be "dirty fighters” has not yet Kernahan's book, like all good company, is stim-
been in the trenches. There are abundantulating and provocative. It is too often dull; it
records of fraternization between Union and
is marred by mysterious hints at things the author
Confederate soldiers during the Civil War, cer-
might tell an he would, and by a very wearisome
tainly soon after the war. It may be that we and embarrassing—an almost servile-self-depre-
shall have to wait for the soldiers to come home ciation. And yet the glimpses that it affords of
to chasten the odiums of militant civilians. such ever-interesting figures as Swinburne,
ЈонN MACY. Watts-Dunton, Oscar Wilde, and the mountain-


348
(October 11
THE DIAL
)
eer and scientist, Edward Whymper, who are A CHARACTER SKETCH OF GENERAL THE
the subjects of the best of the sketches, are amaz- Hon. J. C. SMUTS. By N. Levi. Long-
.
.
ingly lifelike. By very reason of his staunch mans, Green; $2.50.
partisanship, Mr. Kernahan makes his old friends General Smuts is only forty-seven years old,
live again, and takes the reader with him into
despite the long record of varied achievement to
the charmed circle of their society.
his credit, and so the time has not yet come to
write his biography, in the full sense of the word.
THE LATIN AT WAR. By Will Irwin. But a very good beginning to such a work is
Appleton; $1.75.
furnished in this “character sketch” written by
The habit of filling up column space will a South African journalist friend of Jan Smuts,
always be a menace to newspaper writers. The whose admiration for his hero sums itself up
present book should be cut down to half its size. in the closing assertion that "we are too close
The author is a good observer, he has had excel- to our mountain to appreciate its altitude.” The
lent opportunities to see the French and Italian versatility of the man is attested in the brief
armies, and he paints some graphic scenes; but summary: “In law he shone most brilliantly
his pages are cluttered up with long descriptions during the years that came after the Boer War,
of things that do not count. If the reader will when he had still a private practice. As a poli-
skip everything up to the author's arrival at tician he may be said to have done his best work
the Italian front, he will be saved much weari- hitherto as a Minister of the Transvaal, but we
ness and will be inclined to read on. This is do not know what lies ahead. Few will doubt
the best part of the book. The author describes that he would have been an eminent divine, a
in a stirring manner his visit to the Alpine great chemist, a famous surgeon, a Gargantuan
heights, through trenches in the snow and dug- tiller of the soil, had he not entered public life.
outs in the solid rock, among batteries on moun- His adaptability as a warrior is exemplified by
tain peaks where one would hardly believe guns what is happening at this very moment.” Never-
could go. The Italian officer as we find him theless one may safely doubt whether he would
here is a most attractive figure, courteous, digni- have been preacher, chemist, surgeon, and far-
fied, cheerful, and ever solicitous for the safety mer, all in one, had not public life claimed him.
of his guest. These scenes will be new to most The author speaks of some who “delight in paint-
readers of war books. The later chapters are ing him as an overintelligent Frankenstein, stalk-
given up to the French again, largely around ing through the human throng with scarcely a
Verdun and in Lorraine.
human feeling in him." But it was not Frank-
enstein that did the stalking, as has been pointed
THE HEART OF THE BALKANS. By De- out often enough. In its contrasting portraits
metra Vaka. Houghton Mifflin ; $1.50.
. of the Cambridge-student Smuts and the mature
There are two kinds of travel books. In one statesman and general, the lank and lean and
the author devotes himself to matter-of-fact in- pasty-complexioned bookworm and the stalwart
formation regarding routes, hotels, what to see,
commander of imposing presence, this "character
and so on.
In the other kind, the writer treats
sketch” presents two strikingly dissimilar person-
all that he sees subjectively and, consciously or
alities to the casual observer, at least.
unconsciously, creates literature. “The Heart
of the Balkans” is in the latter class. It would
The PsycHOLOGY OF CITIZENSHIP. By
make a poor guidebook indeed, but it is some-
Arland D. Weeks. McClurg; 50 cts.
thing better. Demetra Vaka and her brother Words of special emphasis should be reserved
travel through Albania, Montenegro, Servia, and to commend this small but unusually able and
Bulgaria, which means a trip on mules or ponies attractive book. Professor Weeks has succeeded
over roads that are hardly more than paths, and in carrying a message of vital significance, in
among a people barely civilized, where the best phrasing it in an effective style, and above all in
and cleanest hospitality is offered by the village selecting for emphasis the focal points of interest
priests. The men consider fighting the chief to the understanding of the mind of the citizen.
business of man.
Demetra Vaka's concern,
This is popular psychology directed with skill to
however, is primarily with the women: what problems of daily concern. The emphasis upon
they are like mentally and physically, and what the mind of the citizen means that social purpose
their economic status is. She puts the various can be accomplished only in so far as the task is
nationalities before us with great insight and lit- accepted and understood by the intelligence of
erary power. She herself is a Greek, born in the average citizen. The limitation of reasoning
Constantinople, so she is well fitted to speak of must thus be admitted in addition to the need-
these peoples. Her word pictures of the physical less limitations that affect social progress. Social
appearance of each land are suggestive and inertia makes the most difficult and expensive
touched with beauty.
variety of modern education, that of educating


1917]
349
THE DIAL
aldermen and legislators and others concerned OUR PART IN THE GREAT WAR. By
with communal interests. The psychology of
Arthur Gleason. Stokes; $1.35.
citizenship is profoundly affected by the use of The outstanding feature of this book is its col-
machinery, for this acts directly upon the human lection of extracts from the war diaries of cap-
mind. The enormous significance of the mode tured German soldiers. Mr. Gleason is said
of labor and its conflicts, the effects of modern to be the only person not a government official
publicity in shaping opinion, the peculiar char- of France or England who has been allowed free
acter and disabilities of the legal mind, the domi- access to this unique library of unprinted war
nations of the sense of propriety, the difficulties literature; and the fact of his having had this
of establishing other varieties of human value, - free access is proved by facsimile pages presented
all these form a part of the psychology of citi- with translations in sufficient number to carry
zenship, and are set forth with extraordinary conviction.
conviction. Significant indeed are these attes-
skill in this manual.
tations of deliberate atrocity from the perpetra-
tors themselves. Reluctance, abhorrence even,
A CONCORDANCE TO THE POEMS OF ED-
are often evident; but disobedience to the high
MUND SPENSER. By Charles Grosvenor command is apparently unthinkable. “That is
Osgood. The Carnegie Institution of Wash-
what we were ordered to do," writes one sol-
ington; $20.
dier at the end of his shameful record, and other
The publication of a concordance to a great similar entries are not wanted in other diaries.
poet is an important event in literary criticism. “The people of Germany have bowed their will
Such a work provides an extended and instruc- to the implacable machine. They have lost their
tive commentary on the diction and subject-mat- soul in its grinding,” says Mr. Gleason. “Our
ter of the poet; facilitates research and a better part” in the war, so far as the book describes
understanding of all poets and poetry; tests criti- it, is necessarily nothing further than the volun-
cal judgments and opinions; enhances the value tary part of the thirty thousand who did not wait
of other concordances in the search for literary for national action, for these chapters were
relationships—both agreements and differences; written before the present energetic preparations
and by thorough analysis prepares the way for for ending the war had fairly begun. But even
original creation. The number of concordances so there was enough to tell for the purposes of
has in recent years rapidly increased as their an animated and engrossing narrative. The
value has become apparent; yet Spenser has been author has seen service as an ambulance man,
missing from the list, a fact the more noticeable and is now special correspondent in the war
because of his rank in an age preëminent in Eng-
lish literature, and because of the vast influence
which he has exerted on later poets. As a cor- A SEASONAL INDUSTRY. By Mary Van
rective of much shallow, general, and misleading Kleeck. Russell Sage Foundation; $1.50.
Spenserian criticism; as an aid in discovering the
The trade of making women's hats is interest-
full significance of the poet's intricate allegory; ing not alone because 134,000 people in this
and finally, as a means of arriving at his real
country are employed in it, more than one-tenth
values that his cultural and spiritual power may of whom work in New York City alone. It is
be enlarged among readers,” a concordance to
one of the most markedly seasonal of our indus-
Spenser easily justifies its existence.
tries, is highly subject to sweating, is dependent
Professor Osgood's task involved
upon the whims and Auctuations of fashion as
amount of mechanical labor and many perplex- few trades are, while organization of labor within
ing problems. The absence of an authentic basic its limits meets with few permanent successes and
text necessitated much textual criticism in adapt- wages are relatively low. All these facts nat-
ing and collating three others. Spenser's incon- urally lead to disturbed domestic conditions, low
sistent use of hyphened compounds, his lawless standards of living, and many other problems of
orthography, and his use of archaic forms and social adjustment which are pressing. Miss Van
dialect suggest some of the difficulties faced by Kleeck's handling of these problems is character-
the editor in his efforts to make a most service- istic of her usual insight and thoroughness as
able work, and overcome by him with rare pa- the most experienced investigator of the condi-
tience and scholarship. With their accustomed tions of women's work in this country. She
efficiency and thoroughness the Carnegie Institu- brings a point of view and a directness of attack
tion of Washington have, as publishers, left to her field of study which make her conclusions
nothing undone that would add to the attractive- convincing. Especially is this true of her de-
ness and dignity of the volume. To both editor mand for some sort of effective public regulation
and publishers all students and lovers of poetry of the trade in the interest of the welfare of
owe a lasting debt of gratitude.
the workers.
zone.
a
vast


350
[October 11
THE DIAL
97
ALASKA: THE GREAT COUNTRY. By Ella show the poet's meaning by quoting the latest
Higginson. Macmillan ; $2.50.
discoveries of anthropologists, for it is certain
One cannot read of Alaska without sharing that the author of “I” knew no more of Ham-
the thrill of the Arctic traveller, and his feeling murabi than Longfellow knew of the "Report
of the great, cold, wind-swept places, the high,
of the American Bureau of Ethnology for 1917."
snow-capped peaks, and the pounding surf. Mrs. In the chapter on Eve, on the other hand, the
Higginson's descriptions and her photographs of original sin of our first parents is interpreted in
fir-tipped points, of swirling rapids, Eskimos in a way which certainly never occurred to the
their parkas, and dog teams harnessed for their "dramatist" or anybody else previous to Philo
run across the frozen spaces, all make one long the Jew. Secondly, the author has attempted to
poignantly for bracing northern air and life sketch the early history of the Hebrews. He
among hardy, simple people. She has travelled
has assembled a number of odds and ends, espe-
from Dixon Entrance north along the coast out cially from Robertson Smith and Sayce, which
to the far Aleutian Islands and up to Nome. are not widely known, and which are most in-
She has gone inland over the famous White Pass teresting. This part of the book is not carefully
from Skagway to Lake Bennett and White done, however, and there is no attempt to make
Horse. To-day Skagway, like Dawson, is a a systematic study of the early Hebrews. On
peaceful, dull, respectable little town. But in the reading the book, one gets the impression that all
nineties Lake Bennett was a scene of wonder.
this paraphernalia of scholarship is merely a pass-
As Cyanide Bill described it to the author, port to recommend the book to modern readers,
"Tents! Did you say tents? Hunh! They was so
while the author's real interest lies in moralizing
thick it took a man an hour to find his own. and exegesis of the time-honored variety which
Settlers other than gold-seekers are commonly allows one to deduce anything under the sun
repelled from Alaska by the poor reputation of from no matter what text. Examples of this are
its climate. But Alaska in reality offers fruitful found on every page. But when the author starts
opportunity to the farmer, its prevailing damp- talking on his own account, he really does say
ness making for an almost unequalled luxuriance many original and interesting things. Thus, in
of vegetation. Nothing, in fact, is niggardly in one chapter, he discusses the question of mar-
Alaska, neither the prices nor the generosity riage—apropos of Eve—in a most unprejudiced
and cordiality of the people. Moreover, with manner and makes many excellent remarks on
its background of Russian ownership and Rus- the subject. In another chapter he discusses
sian luxury, with the history of the early ad- temperance in the same spirit. Elsewhere, he lays
venturers around its difficult shores, with the
the blame for the origin of war on private prop-
achievements of the missionaries, and the min- erty. The results of his exegesis are excellent,
gling of native races, Alaska offers a rich field but his method, though he dignifies it with the
for the historian and the anthropologist.
title of “reconstructive criticism,” is that of the
old-fashioned preacher. Why did he not simply
The Bible's Prose EPIC OF EVE AND HER
write a book on “Wine, Women, and War,'
and leave the "J" document to the archæologists
Sons: the “J” Stories of Genesis. By Eric
and folklorists to whom it belongs?
S. Robertson. Putnam; $1.75.
Mr. Robertson apparently had several ends
CONDITIONS OF LABOR IN AMERICAN IN-
in view when writing this work, and he has at-
DUSTRIES. By W. Jett Lauck and Edgar
tained them with varying degrees of success. In
Sydenstricker. Funk & Wagnalls; $1.75.
the first place, as the title indicates, he wished to
study the “J” document of Genesis (those parts
In recent years elaborate investigations by the
where God is spoken of as Jahveh) as an epic.
federal government, the various states, and pri-
He frequently speaks of it as a "morality play"
vate agencies have disclosed an enormous amount
of information relative to labor and its prob-
and of its author as a “dramatist.” Admitting
lems. Usually, however, the separate reports are
willingly that the events recorded are mythologi- practically inaccessible to the majority of people,
cal, not historical, he tries to show what the
and therefore some summary of these studies has
author meant to teach by these myths. Such
a place in sociological literature. The purpose of
is certainly the way in which the document ought this book is to meet this particular need. The au-
to be studied, but the author has not always suc- thors used nearly thirty different investigations
ceeded, nor is he always consistent with the gen- and reports in the study of wages, which closes
eral principles laid down at the beginning. Thus, with the disquieting conclusion that before the war
in his chapters on Abraham, he discusses at length began two-thirds at least of all male wage-earners
recent theories about Ur of the Chaldees and
eighteen years of age and over earned less than
the laws of Hammurabi; it is as though a mod- $600 annually. The budget of the laboring
ern commentator on “Hiawatha” should try to man's family has been the subject of a number


1917]
351
THE DIAL
of important investigations. The tables presented riage is a civil contract and nothing more. Of
deal chiefly with the sources of income and dis- peculiar interest is Dr. Powell's conclusion as to
tribution of expenditures. Among the significant Milton's well-known attitude toward the ques-
conclusions are the following: the wages of many tion of marriage and divorce: he shows conclu-
men must be supplemented by those of their sively that this did not originate in the poet's
wives and children; the income of the girl living own domestic unhappiness but was a matter of
at home is often a main factor in the family conviction and was in complete agreement with
budget; the high cost of living is forcing laborers the Independent thought of the period.
to expend an increasing proportion of their in-
come on food, since the subsistence wage has The RUSSIAN PROBLEM. By Paul Vino-
risen about $200 since 1900. The authors as- gradoff. Dutton; 75 cts.
sert that the increased cost of living has largely "History is not a science enabling us to pre-
nullified the advantage of higher wages. The dict coming events with exactness, but it does
book does not attempt to pass upon the validity
make a significant difference whether we con-
of the information presented in the various re- sider facts of social life as detached experiences or
ports used but generally accepts the statistics as
as links in a chain of development. In the first
trustworthy.
instance we shall hardly have anything to guide
us but the impressions and appetites of the mo-
ENGLISH DOMESTIC RELATIONS, 1487-
ment. In the second, we are able to obtain a
1653. By Chilton Latham Powell. Co-
wide perspective and a basis for rational plans.”
lumbia University Press; $1.50.
So, Professor Vinogradoff on the second page of
The subject of matrimonial relations appears his study of the psychology of the Russian people
to possess a perennial interest and certain recent and their future after the war. And he goes on:
studies have added much to our knowledge of the "I may add that whatever may have been the
long history of the human family and to the shortcomings and the blunders of the Russian
appreciation and understanding of its many per-
government, it is a blessing in this decisive crisis
plexing problems. The most recent scholar to that Russians should have a firmly-knit organi-
venture into this field is Dr. Chilton Latham
sation and a traditional centre of authority in
Powell, of Johns Hopkins University, who be-
the power of the Tsar. The present Emperor
gins his investigation with the publication of
stands as the national leader, not in the his-
Caxton's "Booke of Good Manners" in 1487 and
trionic attitude of a War Lord, but in the quiet
closes his work with Cromwell's divorce legisla- dignity of his office. He has said and done the
tion in 1653. The title-page of Dr. Powell's
right thing, and his subjects will follow him to a
book promises “a study of matrimony and fam-
man.” Is it necessary to add that this book was
ily life in theory and practice as revealed by the
written before the Revolution? The facts have
literature, law, and history of the period”; but
written their own ironic comment on the mar-
the performance is scarcely equal to the promise. gins of almost every page.
The second half of the volume deals with the
literature of the subject and, though the author
THE MINIMUM COST OF LIVING: A Study
discusses a number of important but little-known
of Families of Limited Income in New York
writings, this part of the work is scarcely more
City. By Winifred Stuart Gibbs. Macmil-
than a critical bibliography. The important part lan; $1.
of the study comprises the first three chapters,
in which the author discusses the history and
In this day even a formal budgetary study of
law of marriage in England, the development of
living-costs may be of interest. Miss Gibbs,
opinion as to the nature of the family institution,
supervisor of the home-economics work of the
New York A. I. G. P., studied the living con-
attempts at divorce legislation, and kindred sub-
jects. The field was harvested a dozen years
ditions and family expenditures of seventy-five
widows and their three to five children for one
ago with some thoroughness by Professor How-
ard in his monumental "History of Matrimonial
year, in order that she might be able to advise
Institutions”; but Dr. Powell has discovered sev-
the poor with reference to wiser expenditures
eral unused literary sources and has been able to
and planning of meals. Good results were seen
correct Professor Howard's conclusions on vari-
in the improvement of health in these families
ous important points. The author's most notable as a result of the better balancing of diet and the
contribution is his discussion of the attitude of diminished use of tea and coffee-a serious drain
the different Puritan sects and factions toward upon the purses of the poor without adequate
the nuptial union: some were inclined to hold returns in energy, especially in the children.
that marriage is most properly solemnized in the Miss Gibbs presents elaborate schedules and ta-
presence of the Christian congregation; but the bles illustrating her methods of study and the
Independents took the extreme position that mar- results of her investigations.
a


352
[October 11
THE DIAL
BRIEFER MENTION
Dr. L. W. Batten records his experiences in a
simple but systematic treatise, “The Relief of Pain
Basil Stewart's “On Collecting Japanese Colour- by Mental Suggestion" (Moffat, Yard; $1.25).
Prints" (Dodd, Mead; $2.) is intended for the The double intention of the work appears in the
amateur who is starting a collection, and as such reconciliation of interest in Christ's service as a
it is a satisfactory handbook. The author gives
healer with modern mental therapeutics. Both the
a brief survey of the history and production of book and the movement which Dr. Batten repre-
prints, mentioning only the better known artists. sents are free from extreme positions, and express
In the cases of Hokusai and Hiroshige the various
a commonsense appreciation of the kinds of ail-
series, states, and editions are enumerated. The
ments aided by mental methods. While not ex-
book contains much useful information, and ought tending the knowledge of the subject very far, the
to arouse those who are interested in collecting to
work is acceptable as a modest contribution.
a realization of the fact that the art of color
"If one has anything to say, one might as well
printing in Japan is to-day a lost art and that
put it into a chair," said Mr. Le Gallienne. And
it is their privilege as collectors to preserve the
products of that art and to carry forward its best
if he has anything to eat, why not eat it in a beau-
traditions to the future.
tiful dining room, or if he would dream, why not
do it in a room decorated with the stuff of which
Those wishing to have the President's recent
dreams are made? But it is not every builder who
messages in convenient form will find that Stanton
knows how to put two beautiful things together
and Van Vliet's volume, “President Wilson's Great
without destroying their beauty or to construct
Speeches,” is excellently suited to their need. Not
dreams out of the material of which they are to
only are the messages to Congress since the
be made. William Francklyn Paris's “Decorative
declaration of war included, but also a number of Elements in Architecture" (Lane; $5.) appeals to
the President's speeches on other occasions which
the layman as a gem. It is descriptive, historic, and
are most significant in showing his attitude toward
didactic, and written in a style which a layman
the principles involved in the world crisis. A valu-
can understand. The illustrations, of which there
able feature of the book is the collection of import- are ninety and nine, really illustrate. They are
ant notes passing between this country and foreign
apt in selection and superb in execution. The
powers, as well as the speeches on the occasions of
author, the engraver, the printer, and the pub-
the visits of the several foreign commissions in
lisher may all well be proud of this volume.
this country.
(Stanton and Van Vliet, Chi-
cago; $1.)
John Dryden Kuser's “The Way to Study Birds"
(Putnam's; $1.25) is a didactic primer devised to
Dr. William J. Long, whose "English Litera-
acquaint the novice with the fifty most abundant
ture" and "American Literature” are engagingly
kinds of birds to be found in the neighborhood of
written and popular handbooks, has issued a one-
New York City. Its content is such that it may
volume “Outlines of English and American Lit-
be used widely throughout the eastern and cen-
erature” (Ginn; $1.40). While the new work is
tral states, and its method is applicable everywhere.
briefer than the others, giving about 340 pages The author sets forth briefly the haunts, descrip-
to English writers and 200 to American, it is not
tion, size, shape, call, seasonal abundance, and field-
a mere condensation; it covers the ground afresh.
marks of the commoner birds, beginning with the
It has the same general qualities as its predecessors, ubiquitous English sparrow. The summer birds,
including excellent illustrations. It is presumably
the transients, and the winter birds are then
intended for use in high schools.
treated. Directions for keeping notes, recording
Newell L. Sims is professor of sociology and migrations, and learning bird songs, a partial list
political science in the University of Florida. His
of books and a note on preservation and propaga-
book, “Ultimate Democracy and Its Making” tion of our native birds widen the usefulness of
(McClurg; $1.50), is a compound of lectures de- this valuable ornithological primer.
livered in and about New York City. It is well
"Loyalty is obedience to the law," proclaims
written, modestly and smoothly, yet it covers Charles Ġ. Mutzenberg, author of "Kentucky's
much, from Aristotle to Henry Ford, the philan- Famous Feuds and Tragedies" (Fenno; $1.25),
thropist. Professor Sims is well read in the mod-
and thereby misplaces the proper emphasis. Ken-
erns, notably Giddings, Croly, and Veblen. He has
tucky's feuds are, in any large sense, over.
Some
hopes but recognizes all the old weaknesses of
other traditional characteristics of the country are
democracy, opposed as it is by "a compact body
not-but that is another story. The clan feuds are
with great unanimity of purpose and action-
important to-day chiefly as a picturesque memory,
Ignorance, Indifference, Unsocialized Individual-
an echo from the past, that it is interesting to
ism, Love of Inequality, Militarism, Aristocracy,
recall when you happen to shake hands with a
Autocracy, and all the rest of them." Few will
Callahan or talk with a Howard, a Turner, or a
read Giddings, Croly, or even Veblen all through, Tolliver. Their history illuminates the character
and here is a way to supply the deficiency. Pro- of the present-day "citizen"; it does not afford
fessor Sims quotes excellently.
justifiable grounds for a polemic against his an-
The association of the physician with the clergy- cestors who made their own law and abode by it.
no longer brings a sense of surprise, since It is a little ridiculous to exclaim against the dis-
the initiation of the Emmanuel Movement some loyalty of a people who sent their entire able-
years ago. It is in the spirit of that work that bodied male population to defend the Union.
man


1917]
353
THE DIAL
romance
NOTES ON NEW FICTION
Is it because of our idealization of worldly
success that American novels are so richly en-
Any story-writer who has the luck to be recom-
dowed with money and motors and the spin-
mended by Joseph Conrad will get attention, ning wheels of invisible, but highly profitable,
but he will have to stand a more searching scru- commerce? To indicate that “Cousin Julia,'
tiny than if he had offered himself unannounced.
by Grace Hodgson Flandrau (Appleton; $1.40),
A certain standard is expected of him, and merely
is inconsiderable would be most unfair, and
good work will hardly do. On the jacket of
yet its lack of depth and subtlety, traceable,
Richard Curle's “The Echo of Voices” (Knopf; possibly, to American social experience, is re-
$1.50) Mr. Conrad commends the publisher for
deemed only by vivid coloring and skilful
his enterprise: “I think your taking him up is
arrangement of detail. The characters are thin
a good move. He has brains; he has a writer's
but unmistakably American, their chances for
temperament. There's a lot in him.” So there
development too often avoided in favor of clever
is. The temperament in particular is interesting bits of local color. Yet the book is more than
and the eyes through which Mr. Curle views our
world are fresh and penetrating. There is per-
readable; its charming pictures of the middle
West and its sardonic understanding of the
haps more than a suggestion of Mr. Conrad's
Cinderella background of les nouveaux help to
own method, and more than a trace of the influ-
point a shrewd moral. For suppose that the
ence of the great Russians, especially Dostoevsky.
manager of all our destinies, the American
But what then? These are are no bad models
mother, marries her favorite daughter to a French
for a young writer with a temperament, and
Mr. Curle has had the strength to put his
marquis, should the other daughter refuse to
marry a millionaire who could finance them all?
individual stamp on all but one of these tales.
Mr. Curle is fond of rogues, the smooth, round,
Out of the heat of Africa, from camel-tracked
Sidi-bel-Abbès, comes a story of the Foreign
over-elegant, masterful men on the fringe of
things who manipulate other people's money,
Legion of France that for sheer adventure and
and he is fond of interesting failures, men with
hardy
could hardly be excelled. .
or without brains who, through some flaw in
Scorched by the sun, the Legion scrubs its clothes
the stuff of which they are made, are doomed to
in the paved reservoir, eats its monotonous din-
go down. He is interested also in the lives of
ner in cell-like barracks, and spends its half-
quite drab people, and knows how to write their
penny a day riotously in the cafés of Sidi-bel-
Abbès.
shabby little tragedies in just the right key. It
In his "Wages of Virtue" (Stokes ;
is interesting to see how much, for once, can
$1.50) Captain Percival C. Wren has made a
be made of that motiveless malice which inspires
contribution to the literature of adventure. Out
quite half the unkindness in the world. Malice
of all civilizations and from all countries come
fascinates Mr. Curle, and it gets to fascinate us,
the members of the Legion, and their diversity
too, as we read; it is not intruded but it is always
of character and purpose is astounding. Whether
there in the most casual relations, the sand on
or not you notice an overdrawing of the Ameri-
the axle of smooth intercourse. And it has abso-
can's dialect, a self-consciousness in occasional epi-
lutely no meaning, none whatever; it does no one
grammatic turns of phrase, or an excess of high
any good. Mr. Curle has already the skill of lights, your admiration is held throughout.
the master in getting under way, snaring the in-
Six years ago Mrs. Alfred Sidgwick's book,
terest; he can sketch a character in a sentence or
"Salt of the Earth" (Watt; $1.40), could hardly
a phrase, and his control over natural human
have been written. To-day it will find hundreds
speech serves him almost everywhere. The of eager readers. Think of all you have read
traces of his novitiate are not, however, com-
of the despoiled chateaux of the Marne country;
pletely obliterated as yet: he does not always all you have heard of Kultur; add your recollec-
sustain the interest to the end, and in some of tions of the group of Prussian officers who sat
the stories there is that progressive decline which at the next table to you in Berlin, and you will
indicates that the writer is losing confidence in have made your own prologue to the book. It
himself and in his power to hold the reader. is a chronicle of hate for Prussianism, well
Neither can Mr. Curle always quite rise at the thought out and presented. An English girl,
climax to the high level of excellence which the carried off her feet by the passion of a young
tale as a whole maintains, and since he is a seri- German officer, marries him and the rest of his
ous workman, relying not at all upon tricks but family—in a moment of romance. Before the
holding you only by the veracity of what he end of the wedding-trip his insolence and arro-
has to show, the disappointment is proportion- gance have awakened her to his tyranny. From
ately keen. "The Echo of Voices" is an achieve- this point we see him as we are accustomed to
ment which will make those who read it wait seeing our enemy across the trenches, brutal,
eagerly for the next book by Mr. Curle.
insensitive, greedy, unrestrained,-a product of


354
[October 11
THE DIAL
>
more
Kultur. Such international marriage tragedies
CASUAL COMMENT
are not unknown. The fact that a book of this
sort can be so well written, so credibly assembled,
MRS. KATHARINE FULLERTON GEROULD
is a commentary on the fact that we are at war.
comes down very hard on the younger British
They
Formerly most of us should have accepted the novelists in the current “Yale Review.”
quiet gardens and thatched, stork-crowned roofs
write precisely alike; it isn't possible to tell Mr.
of Heidelberg and grown contemptuous of the
Lawrence from Mr. Beresford or Mr. Walpole
from Compton Mackenzie. They take in one
rest.
A well-written story of boyhood never fails to
another's washing, so to speak, and wear one an-
other's clothes. They all bear organized society
find favor with grown-ups. Howard Brubaker
has been a real boy, but more to the point, he
a grudge; they are bent on changing things with-
has the faculty of making his readers boys again.
out stopping to have definite ideas about what
"Ranny" (Harper; $1.40) is excellent reading.
changes are likely to work. They are obsessed
with sex and yet they create—if you can call it
Perhaps a natural reaction from the depres- creation odious women.
-
Their heroines are
sions of war is an excess of frivolity. Three of
huzzies or morons—often enough they are both.
the autumn novels indicate such a mood among Mr. Bennett himself is no better in that respect.
the writers. Cosmo Hamilton's "Scandal" (Lit-
Look at Hilda Lessways! “Hilda is never a
“
tle, Brown; $1.50), need be taken no
nice girl; she is a monster from the start and
seriously than the fashion-plates in a popular to the finish.” As for Mr. Wells he has bene-
magazine. Apparently wearied with the virtu-
fitted by the steadying force of an interest in so-
ously blind, he now turns his pen to the por- cial problems, and "his reward for having been
trayal of those who have no such flaw in their
perpetually occupied with them is to have won
vision. This is a "society" story. Everyone is through to 'The Research Magnificent' and 'Mr.
fabulously rich, or appears to be. Only one of Britling.'” Mr. Britling gives you, so to speak,
the characters is supposed to have red blood, and
your cue and prepares you nicely for this judg-
he is trapped into matrimony by the heroine, who
ment at the end—“it will take more than Mr.
in order to avoid the scandal consequent upon an Walpole to make Russians credible to me. He
innocent indiscretion coolly announces that she
seems to me no more plausible than Dostoievsky,
has secretly married him. Those having a taste and far, far short of Turgenev.” This is the
for the sort of stories usually told over the cigars, kind of faint praise that will rejoice Mr. Wal-
after the women have left the room, will enjoy pole and Mr. Mackenzie.
pole and Mr. Mackenzie. To fail with Dos-
this bit of journalese. Something of the same
toevsky, and, inferentially, in the same manner,
situation provides Alice Duer Miller with mate- is the shining goal to which half the young Eng-
rial for “Ladies Must Live" (Century; $1.25). lishmen now writing strain their eyes.
But Miss Miller is less highly seasoned with
scandal and writes with frank humor of social
pirates and their tricks. She seems to have drawn
Before US ON THE TABLE lies the second edi-
her characters from life rather than society jour- tion of the pamphlet of the Committee on Labor
nals and exhibits genuine wit in their handling.
of the Advisory Commission of the Council of
Louise Maunsell Field's
National Defence. It was organized on April
new novel, “The
Little Gods Laugh” (Little, Brown; $1.40), is 2, with a membership of one hundred and fifty,
about the people of whom one reads in the
and it has grown, at the present writing, to the
"society” columns. There is some clever charac- plethoric number of five hundred, circa. "Its pro-
terization, but that is not a sufficient excuse for speaks of sub-committees "whose plans are fur-
gramme is not pretentious, and the pamphlet
thest advanced," particularly those in relation to
overlong list of American mediocrities.
wages and hours and mediation and conciliation.
The story of a salt-air castle or two down on The programme pledges the committee to the
Cape Cod, where you can buy oilskins and fish- maintenance of industrial standards existing be-
hooks and kerosene and calico after supper if
you fore our country entered the war, changes to be
want to, is the gist of James A. Cooper's "Cap'n permitted only when national safety, in the judg-
Abe, Storekeeper" (Sully & Kleinteich; $1.25). ment of the Council of Defence, demands them.
The fog is real fog, and the breakers are really The chairman of the committee is the well-known
the Atlantic, -and it was really a case of love at Mr. Samuel Gompers. Now the interesting
first sight. If your last trip to the Cape has thing about the committee is this: since its for-
lost any of that delicious odor of clams and sea- mation, strikes have multiplied in important war
weed that clung even to your shoelaces, you industries. In some parts of the West there has
can get a new whiff of it here, with a great deal existed a state of industrial warfare. And on
of pleasure.
the whole and everywhere labor conditions prom-


1917]
355
THE DIAL
ise to become worse rather than better. Yet the demonstration of the creative critic that the artist
committee has not assembled since its organiza- expresses only himself,--that as an artist he is
tion. None of its sub-committees, not even those self-sufficient, independent, whole,-an Individ-
whose work is "advanced," has had anything to ual! His public is as indifferent as his material.
offer by way of protest or programme. Whatever His expression is a soliloquy, not a communica-
work has been done, has been done by depart- tion. With certain theatrical managers, he may
mental mediators, by special departmental com-
declare, Prometheus-like, “The public be
mittees, or by the spoken word of President Wil- damned!”
damned !" But a tonsorialist, even a master of
son. It is, however, true that Mr. Gompers has Creative Haircutting, may not altogether do this.
made many speeches in many places. Contem- One thing more troubles M. Lesceaux. He ob-
plation of the committee's pamphlet and of its serves that the Individuals whose Art is Self-
record brings to mind the historic question of Expression seek lucre and praise and reputation
Lord Dundreary, when he was one day over- for their soliloquies, and that “Creative Criti-
whelmed with a sense of the futility of earthly cism” is among books on sale.
things: “Why," he sighed, “ah, why is a hen?”
THE MODERNS put their best foot forward
THE BLESSED WORD "MESOPOTAMIA” is the
in the “Modern Library" series now being
recorded ancestor of a line of such blessings, issued at a modest price by Messrs. Boni
whose most recent and favored progeny is the and Liveright. The moderns are not alone, of
blessed word "Creative." Since M. Bergson course, for Schopenhauer comes in and so does
joined it to Evolution, it has had a distinguished, Samuel Butler, but both have worn well and
if rather confusing, series of mates. The prag- seem to exhale a distinctly modern note. Who-
matists have set it before Intelligence, and ever edited the series has a decided flair, for there
dancers and other vaudevillains have joined it is scarcely a title that fails to awaken interest or
with their own pet substantives. In various in- stir memories not too quiescent. In the list at
stantaneous and futurist magazines Mr. Willard hand, the dead who were chosen appear to have
Huntington Wright descants on all sorts of crea- been largely those who still cast their spell most
tive newness, and in the town of Baraboo, strongly over the young generation-Nietzsche,
Achille Lesceaux, tonsorial artist, announces Ibsen, Turgenev, Strindberg, Meredith, and,
Creative Haircutting. M. Lesceaux justifies his with diminishing force perhaps, Maupassant.
announcement with the philosophy of Benedetto Among the living we have Anatole France,
Croce and Joel Elias Spingarn. The latter has Shaw, Wells, Chesterton, George Moore, James
written a book, “Creative Criticism,” in which, Stephens, and Lord Dunsany—a thoroughly
particularly, M. Lesceaux declares, he has found representative list distinguished throughout by a
his vindication and exposition. For if, as the discriminating choice of titles. The series is
book so truly and eloquently declares, all art is doubly welcome at a time when the pinch of high
expression, and nothing but expression, and if the prices threatens to curtail the book-lover's pleas-
difference between good art and bad art is the
mere difference between successful and unsuc-
cessful expression, there can, first of all, be no Those WHO ARE INTERESTED in the cause of
reason for the snobbish and mid-Victorian exclu- literature and art in America will regret that
sion of the tonsorialist from the fellowship of the “The Seven Arts," which made so valiant a start
imagists, cubists, and creative critics. Haircut- under the direction of a group of vigorous young
ting, M. Lesceaux insists, is also expression. Fur- New York writers, has been obliged to suspend
thermore, according to the creative critic, the ex- publication. Its loss is one of the upsets caused
pression is indifferent to its material; its success by the war. When the editors were faced with
or failure must be measured by the intention of the alternative of modifying the policy of free
the Expressor; and the less obstruction a material discussion they had announced or of losing finan-
offers this intention, the more perfect the ex- cial support, they very properly declined to sub-
pression. God, who meets no obstruction what- mit to dictation, feeling that without complete
soever, creating, indeed, as in a vacuum, is most independence they could do little to further
perfectly self-expressive, and the conditions un- either critical taste or sound sense. By arrange-
der which the tonsorialist works, at least in ment with the editors, The Dial has under-
Baraboo, M. Lesceaux submits, are, of all that taken to fill the unexpired subscriptions, and
obstruct the artist, nearest to God's own. M. since readers of “The Seven Arts" will find some
Lesceaux is, however, reluctant to press too hard of their friends among the regular contribu-
his claim to admission to the fellowship of crea- tors to The DIAL, we hope that they will not
tive artists. He is restrained by the irrefutable feel they have been thrown among strangers.
ures.


356
(October 11
THE DIAL
The Fall Announcement List
The annual classified list of books published,
or announced as forthcoming, since July 1, 1917,
is here continued from the issues of August 30
and September 27. This completes the roll of
books of general interest. The juvenile list, as
stated in previous issues, will appear December 6.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD
LITERATURE
The Yale Shakespeare: Much Ado about Nothing,
edited by Tucker Brooke; Romeo and Juliet, edited
by Willard Higley Durham; Henry IV, Part 1,
edited by Samuel B. Hemingway; Hamlet, edited
by Jack Randall Crawford; King Lear, edited by
William Lyon Phelps; Othello, edited by John
Chester Adams; The Tempest, edited by Chauncey
Brewster Tinker.—The Winter's Tale, edited by
Frederick E. Pierce, per volume, 50 cts. (The Yale
University Press.)
Raecroft edition of the poets: Browning (Robert),
Kipling, Longfellow, Tennyson, Whittier, with
frontispiece, each in leather and boxed, $5.-Mat-
thew Arnold, Mrs. Browning, Robert Browning,
Burns, Byron, Dante, Holmes, Keats, Kipling, Long-
fellow, Lowell, Milton, Moore, Poetical Quotations,
Rossetti, Scott, Shelley, Tennyson, Whittier, Whit-
man, Wilde, Wordsworth, with frontispiece, leather,
each, $1.75.-Whitman, $1.50.—Crowell's Pocket
Sets, including Cooper's Leather Stocking Tales,
Eliot's Novels, Hugo's Les Miserables, Hugo's
Works, each 5 vols., set, $5; Irving's Romances, and
Kipling's Indian Tales, each 4 vols., set, $4.-The
Rubaiyat, by Omar Khayyam, illus., photogravure
edition, $1; pocket edition, 75 cts.; oriental edition,
50 cts.
(Thomas Y. Crowell Co.)
Gitanjali and Fruit Gathering, by Rabindranath
Tagore, edition de luxe, illus., $2.50.—Gulliver's
Travels, by Jonathan Swift, edited by Padraic
Colum, new edition, illus., $2.-The Fables of
Æsop, selected by Joseph Jacobs, new edition, $1.50.
-The Sonoma Edition of Jack London's Works, in-
cluding Adventure, Before Adam, Burning Daylight,
The Call of the Wild, Children of the Frost, Faith
of Men, The Game, The House of Pride, The
Human Drift, The Iron Heel, The Little Lady of
the Big House, Lost Face, Love of Life, Martin
Eden, Moon Face, The Mutiny of the Elsinore, Sea
Wolf, South Sea Tales, The Strength of the Strong,
The Star Rover, Tales of the Fish Patrol, The
Turtles of Tasman, The Valley of the Moon, When
God Laughs, White Fang. (The Macmillan Co.)
George Eliot (St. James Edition), illus., 10 vols., three-
quarters morocco, $40.—History of the English Peo-
ple, by John Richard Green, 6 vols., illus., cloth, $9;
three-quarters leather, $18; three-quarters morocco,
$21.-William Makepeace Thackeray, 15 vols.,
illus., cloth, $22.50; three-quarters leather, $45;
three-quarters morocco, $60. (Sully & Kleinteich.)
Leather-Stocking Tales, and The Spy., by James
Fenimore Cooper, 6 vols., leather, the set, $10.—The
Woman in White, by Wilkie Collins, with frontis-
piece, $1.50.-Foul Play, by Charles Reade and Dion
Boucicault, with frontispiece, $1.50.-Phra, the
Phoenician, by Edwin Lester Arnold, new edition,
illus., $1.50. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
Roderick Hudson, by Henry James, $2.—The Fair
God, by Lew Wallace, illus., $1.50. (Houghton
Mifflin Co.)
Lorna Doone (The Rittenhouse Classics), by R. D.
Blackmore, illus., $1.50; three-quarters morocco, $5.
(George W. Jacobs & Co.)
Celebrated Crimes, by Alexandre Dumas, new edi-
tion in 4 vols., illus., $10. (The Page Co.)
The Modern Library of the World's Best Books, in-
cluding Dorian Gray, by Oscar Wilde; Married,
by August Strindberg; Soldiers Three, by Rudyard
Kipling; Treasure Island, by R. L. Stevenson; The
War in the Air, by H. G. Wells; A Doll's House,
Ghosts, and An Enemy of the People, by Henrik
Ibsen; The Red Lily, by Anatole France; Madem-
oiselle Fifi and 12 other stories, by De Maupassant;
Thus Spake Zarathustra, by Friedrich Nietzsche;
Poor People, by Fiodor Dostoyevsky; A Miracle of
St. Antony and 5 other plays, by Maurice Maeter-
linck; Studies in Pessimism, by Arthur Schopen-
hauer; The Way of all Flesh, by Samuel Butler;
Diana of the Crossways, by George Meredith; An
Unsocial Socialist, by George Bernard Shaw; Con-
fessions of a Young Man, by George Moore; The
Mayor of Casterbridge, by Thomas Hardy; Best
Russian Short Stories, edited by Thomas Selizer;
Poems, by Oscar Wilde; Beyond Good and Evil, by
Friedrich Nietzsche ; Fathers and Sons, by Turgenev;
The Crime of Sylvestre Bonnard, by Anatole France;
Poems, by Swinburne; Hazard of New Fortunes, 2
vols., by Wm. Dean Howells; The Mikado and
Other Plays, by W. S. Gilbert; Ann Veronica, by
H. G. Wells; Madame Bovary, by Flaubert; Best
French Short Stories, edited by Willard H. Wright;
Mary, Mary, by James Stephens; Rothschild's Fiddle
and Other Stories, by Anton Chekhov; Anatole and
Other Plays, by Arthur Schnitzler; Dame Care, by
Sudermann; A Dreamer's Tales, by Lord Dun-
sany; The Man Who Was Thursday, by G. K.
Chesterton; Hedda Gabler, Pillars of Society, The
Master Builder, by Henrik Ibsen; Evolution in
Modern Thought, by Haeckel, Thompson, Weis-
mann, etc., each volume, 60 cts. (Boni and Live-
right.)
Dreams, by Olive Schreiner, $2.25. (Thomas Bird
Mosher.)
Peter Ibbetson, by George Du Maurier, new edition,
illus., $2. (Harper & Brothers.)
Two Years before the Mast, illus., new edition, $1.-
The Man Without a Country, by Edward Everett
Hale, new edition, illus., 17 cts. (Henry Altemus
Co.)
NATURE AND OUTDOOR LIFE
News of Spring, by Maurice Maeterlinck, translated
by Alexander Teixeira de Mattos, new gift edition,
illus., $3.—The Sacred Beetle and Others, by J.
Henri Faber, translated by Alexander Teixeira de
Mattos, $1.50. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
Woodcraft (Vol. II of Camping and Woodcraft), by
Horace Kephart, cloth, $1.50; leather, $2.-Life
among the Apaches (Vol. XII of Outing Adventure
Library), by John C. Cremony; The Beginner's Bee
Book, by Frank C. Pellett, 80 cts.—The Pointer, by
William Haynes, 80 cents.—The Setter, by William
Haynes, 80 cts.-Practical Bait Casting, by Larry St.
John, 80 cts. (Outing Publishing Co.)
White Mountain Trails, Winthrop Packard, illus., $3.
(Small, Maynard & Co.)
Highways and Byways in Wiltshire, by Edward Hut-
ton, illus. (The Macmillan Co.)
The Joyous Art of Gardening, by Frances Duncan,
illus., $1.75.-Wayside Flowers of Summer, by Har-
riet L. Keller, illus., cloth, $1.35; leather, $1.65.
(Charles Scribner's Sons.)
The Human Side of Birds, by Royal Dixon, illus.,
$1.60. (Frederick A. Stokes Co.)


1917]
357
THE DIAL
9
"
The Sand Dunes of Indiana, by E. Stillman Bailey, Friend or Enemy? by M. J. Exner, pamphlet, 10 cts.
illus., $1.75.-The Birds of the Yellowstone, by Dynamic of Manhood, Luther Halsey Gulick, 75
M. P. Skinner, illus., $1.75. (A. C. McClurg & Co.) cts.-Life's Clinic, by Edith Houghton Hooker, 25
Green Trails and Upland Pastures, by Walter Prich- cts.-Community Work, by Frank H. T. Ritchie,
ard Eaton, illus., $1.60.-Western Flower Guide, by 75 cts. (Association Press.)
Charles Francis Saunders, illus., $1.25. (Double- A Thousand Health Questions Answered, by J. H.
day, Page & Co.)
Kellogg, $3.50. (Good Health Publishing Co.)
Flowers and How to Name Them, by Gaston Bonnier, Direct-Method, Physical Development, by Claus Seltz,
translated from the French and edited by Professor illus., $1. (R. F. Fenno & Co.)
Boulger, illus. (E. P. Dutton & Co.)
Bathing for Health, by Edwin F. Bowers, M. D., $1.
The Field Book of Insects, by Frank E. Lutz, illus.,
(The Baker & Taylor Co.)
$2.50. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
Our Backdoor Neighbors, by Frank C. Pellett, illus., SPORTS, GAMES, AND AMUSEMENTS
$1.50. (The Abingdon Press.)
The Natural History of Chautauqua, by Vaughan
Modern Whaling and Bear Hunting, by G. Burn
MacCaughey, $1. (B. W. Huebsch.)
Murdoch, illus., $5. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
Records of a Rectory Garden, by K. S. P., 75 cts.
Modern Tennis, by P. A. Vaile, illus., $2. (Funk &
Wagnalls Co.)
Longmans, Green, & Co.)
Amateur Entertainments: How to Produce and How
EDUCATION AND CHILD STUDY
to Act Them, by Cranstown Metcalfe. (E. P. Dut-
ton & Co.)
A Text-Book of the Principles of Science Teaching,
by George Ransom Twiss.-Introduction to High
The Gist of Auction Bridge, by Charles Emmet
School Teaching, by S. S. Colvin.-The Rural
Coffin, $1., (A. C. McClurg & Co.)
Teacher and His Work, by Harold Waldstein
Auction Bridge Crimes, by Jay A. Gove, illus., $1.
Foght.-The Play Movement and Its Significance,
(R. F. Fenno & Co.)
by Henry S. Curtis, edited by Paul Monroe.- Chess and Checkers, by Edward Lasker, illus., $1.
Modern Education in Europe and the Orient, by (D. Appleton & Co.)
David E. Cloyd, edited by Paul Monroe. (The Checkers, by David A. Mitchell, 50 cts.—Chess, by
Macmillan Co.)
David A. Mitchell, 50 cts. (The Penn Publishing
Every Man His Own University, by Russell H. Con- Co.)
well, with portrait, $1. (Harper & Brothers.) Hoyle Up-to-Date, Official Rules of Card Games,
Newman's "Gentleman," Discourse VIII, reprinted edited by R. F. Foster, $1.-One Thousand Literary
from The Idea of a University, edited by Charles Questions and Answers, by Mary E. Kramer, $1.-
L. O'Donnell. (Longmans, Green, & Co.)
Fortunes and Dreams, by Astor Cielo, 75 cts.
The School Nurse, by Lina Rogers Struthers, illus., (Sully & Kleinteich.)
$1.75. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
Conjuring with Coins, edited by Nathan Dean, 35
HEALTH AND HYGIENE
(J. B. Lippincott Co.)
Common Sense in Chess, by Emanuel Lasker, new edi-
State Sanitation: A Review of the Work of the
tion, 50 cts. (David McKay.)
Massachusetts State Board of Health, by George
Lake and Stream Game Fishing, by Dixie Carroll,
Chandler Whipple, Vol. II. (The Harvard Uni-
illus., $1.75. (Stewart & Kidd Co.)
versity Press.)
Health First: The Fine Art of Living, by Henry
MISCELLANEOUS
Dwight Chapin, $1.50. (The Century Co.)
The Drug Peril, by Ernest S. Bishop, $1.25.-The
The Horse, by Henry C. Merwin, illus., $1.50. (A. C.
Nation's Health, by Sir Malcolm Morris, $1.25.-
McClurg & Co.)
Alcohol, Its Relation to Human Efficiency and Lon-
The Fambly Album, by Frank Wing, boards, 75 cts.;
gevity, by Dr. Eugene Lyman Fisk, $1.50.-Hay-
leatherette, $1.50. (The Reilly & Britton Co.)
Fever, Its Prevention and Cure, by W. C. Hollope- The Destiny of the United States, by Snell Smith,
ter, $1.25. (Funk & Wagnalls Co.)
$1.50.-Our United States Army, by Helen S.
Baldness, Its Causes, Treatment and Prevention, by Wright, $1.50 (Robert J. Shores.)
Richard W. Müller, $2.-Hygiene of the Face and The Unpopular History of the U. S. by Uncle Sam
Cosmetic Guide, by Richard W. Müller, $2.—The Himself, by Harris Dickson, $1.-Soft Toys and
Book of Home Nursing, by Mrs. George Campbell, How to Make Them, by E. A. Hickman, illus., 80 cts.
$1.25.-Diabetic Cookery, Recipes and Menus, by -Non-Technical Chats on Iron and Steel, by L. W.
Rebecca Oppenheimer.-Health and Estate, by Wil-
Spring, illus., $2.50. (Frederick A. Stokes Co.)
liam A. Brend. (E. P. Dutton & Co.)
Our Flag and Our Songs, by H. A. Ogden, illus.,
Good Health-How to Get It and How to Keep It, by
60 cts. (Edward J. Clode.)
Alvah H. Doty, illus., $1.50. (D. Appleton & Co.)
The Bravest Thing in the World, by Lee Pape, boards,
Physical Training for Business Men, by H. Irving
Hancock, illus., $1.75.-Let's Be Healthy, by Susanna
50 cts.; paper, 15 cts. (The Penn Publishing Co.)
Cocroft, $1.50. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
Modern History of Warships, by G. W. Hovgaard.
Keeping Young and Well, by George W. Bacon, $1.-
(Spon & Chamberlain.)
Mental Control of the Body, by V. H. White, $1.
Naval Architecture, by J. E. Steele, Part I, illus.,
(Edward J. Clode.)
$1.60.-A Text Book of Precious Stones, by Frank
Colds and How to Avoid Them, by Walter A. Wells,
B. Wade, $1.25. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
M. D., illus., $1.25.—The Battle with Tuberculosis Compendium of Natal Astrology, by Herbert T. Waite.
and How to Win It, by D. Macdougal King, M. D.,
(E. P. Dutton & Co.)
illus., $1.50.-Hygiene of the Eye, by W. C. Posey, How to Make Your Will, by William Hamilton
M. D., illus., $4. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
Osborne, boards, 50 cts. (Small, Maynard & Co.)
How to Live,' by Irving Fisher, $1. (Chautauqua Letters from Roy, by Leon H. Stevens, $1. (The
Press.)
Christopher Publishing House.)
cts.


358
(October 11
THE DIAL
NOTES FOR BIBLIOPOILES
How to know and appreci-
ate the best in architecture
by a noted art critic
[Inquiries or contributions to this department should be ad-
dressed to John E. Robinson, the Editor, who will be
pleased to render to readers such services as are possible.)
HOW TO STUDY
ARCHITECTURE
as
By Charles Henry Caffin
Author of "Art for Life's Sake," etc.
This new volume treats of architecture
a living art, growing out of both the
needs and the ideals of life. It traces the
course of civilization in its particular rela-
tion to architecture and the development of
architecture in response to man's progress in
civilization. It will stir the reader to a liv-
ing interest in that art of all others most
closely identified with the practical necessi-
ties and the external beauty of life. With
its abundance of carefully chosen illustra-
tions it is of value and interest to the gen-
eral reader as well as to the student.
With over 200 illustrations, $3.50
A NATURALIST OF
SOULS
By Gamaliel Bradford
Author of "Confederate Portraits," etc.
A photographer of souls describes a novel
method of writing biography, which he calls
psychography, giving us remarkable por-
traits of several famous men.
$2.50
The valuable library of Henry Bell, of Bridge-
port, Conn., was recently purchased by Charles F.
Heartman, of 36 Lexington Avenue, New York.
Mr. Bell, who is now seventy years of age, was
formerly mayor of Bridgeport. The library was
particularly rich in books and pamphlets relating
to Connecticut, old and modern. It contained his-
tories of all the towns and cities of the state except
about twenty. There were about 2000 pamphlets
and 1000 bound books. The books Mr. Heart-
man sold to Lathrop C. Harper, of New York,
who said that they were one of the finest collec-
tions of Connecticut items that he had seen. The
pamphlets Mr. Heartman kept for himself. Among
them are a large number of rarities, including many
items relating to Yale College.
One of the most interesting things in the library
was a complete set of the Hartford "American
Mercury.” At the back of this bound volume were
no less than seventeen newspapers, printed in 1799
or 1800, with notices of the death of George Wash-
ington. Some of them gave his farewell address.
Among the papers were two printed at Newark,
N. J., one at Trenton, two in Vermont, one at
Portland, Me., one at Salem, Mass., two at Hart-
ford, Conn., one at Stonington, Conn., and two in
towns in the upper part of New York State. It
is seldom that so much material relating to Wash-
ington's death is found in a library.
Stan. V. Henkels, of 1304 Walnut Street, Phila-
delphia, announces that he is on the eve of his
fiftieth year as an auctioneer. Among the sales
he will hold this fall are those of the miscellaneous
library belonging to J. Levering Jones, of Phila-
delphia, and rare Americana belonging to John C.
Brady, of South Carolina. The Jones sale will
take place on October 11 and 12 and the Brady
sale on October 18. Mr. Henkels is also pre-
paring to sell the library and oil paintings belong-
ing to the late John G. Watmough, of Philadelphia.
With hardly an exception the books are hand-
somely bound by specialists. The paintings include
examples of Corot, Rico, Jacque, Delattre, Berne-
Bellecour, Daubigny, Schreyer, Gonzales, Van
Marcke, Escosura, Herzog, Ziem, Diaz, De Haas,
Cormon, and Braith.
Mr. Henkels is now preparing the catalogue for
the sale of autograph letters and manuscripts
gathered by Frederick M. Steele, of Chicago, and
now belonging to Mrs. Ella P. Steele, of Los
Angeles, California. The collection embraces some
10,000 letters and manuscripts. The catalogue will
be issued in four parts.
Included in the collection
is a set of the signers of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence. There are also letters of signers of the
Federal Constitution, members of the Continental
Congress, generals in the Revolution and the Civil
War, and presidents of the United States. More
than 1000 poems by British and American poets
are included. On October 23 autograph and his-
SECRETS
OF THE SUBMARINE
By Marley F. Hay
The submarine in action explained in sim-
ple terms for the general public by a sub-
marine inventor and constructor.
Illustrations, $1.25
FROM JOB TO JOB
AROUND THE WORLD
By A. C. B. Fletcher
A new kind of travel narrative-how two
"refined American tramps" worked their
way around the world. Illustrations, $2.00
DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY


1917]
359
THE DIAL
torical documents belonging to John R. Craigie and
others will be sold. Other sales will include the
library of T. F. Ritchey, of Tionesta, Pa., and his-
torical oil paintings from the collection of Charles
F. Gunther, of Chicago, and other collectors. There
will be oil portraits of Washington by Rembrandt
Peale, Wright, and others; of Charles Cotesworth
Pinckney, Andrew Jackson, Charles Kemble, by
Sully; John Spears by Major John André; minia-
ture of Louis XVI by Charles Willson Peale;
Henry Clay and Daniel Webster by John Naegle.
Patrick F. Madigan, of New York, has pur-
chased a collection of autograph letters by Count
Leo N. Tolstoy. They are in English and in Rus-
sian, and were written from a village in the Govern-
ment of Ryazan, where he was living in a peasant
cottage and feeding the people during the great
famine of 1891-92. Letters by Tolstoy are scarce,
especially in English. There are also some letters
by his wife, the Countess Tolstoy, in the collec-
tion. Mr. Madigan has also purchased the original
autograph manuscript of Walt Whitman's famous
poem, “Thanks in Old Age,” and interesting letters
by Thomas Jefferson and John Brown. The Jef-
ferson letter is as follows:
Washington City,
February 1803.
Sir
In compliance with a request of the House of Repre-
sentatives of the United States, as well as with a
sense of what is necessary, I take the liberty of urg-
ing on you the importance and indispensible necessity
of vigorous exertions, on the part of the State govern-
ments, to carry into effect the militia system adopted
by the national legislature, agreeably to the powers
reserved to the states respectively, by the constitution
of the United States; and in a manner the best calcu-
lated to ensure such a degree of military discipline,
and knowledge of tactics, as will, under the auspices
of a benign providence, render the militia a sure and
permanent bulwark of national defense.
None but an armed nation can dispense with a
standing army, to keep ours armed and disciplined,
is therefore at all times important; but especially so
at a moment when rights the most essential to our
welfare have been violated, and an infraction of
treaty committed without colour or pretext, and al-
though we are willing to believe that this has been
the act of a subordinate agent only, yet is it wise to
prepare for the possibility that it may have been the
leading measure of a system. While therefore we are
endeavoring and with a considerable degree of con-
fidence to obtain by friendly negotiation a peaceable
redress of the inquiry, and effectual provision against
its repitition, let us array the strength of the nation,
and be ready to do with promptitude and effect what-
ever a regard to justice and our future security may
require.
In order that I may have a full and correct view
of the resources of our country in all its different
parts, I must desire you, with as little delay as possi-
ble, to have me furnished with a return of the
militia, and of the arms and accoutrements of your
state, and of the several counties, or other geographi-
cal divisions of it. Accept assurances of my high
consideration and respect.
TH. JEFFERSON.
The Brown letter is written to Simon Perkins,
Akron, O., and is as follows:
Springfield, Mass. 17th March,
1848.
IMPORTANT PUBLICATIONS
From a Distinguished List
WITH THE COLORS
SONGS OF THE AMERICAN SERVICE
By EVERARD JACK APPLETON,
Author of "The Quiet Courage."
Virile Verse for the Patriot. Dealing with the
war work of America.
Poems that, in good American slang, have punch
plus pep. It is safe to say the author of "The
Woman Who Understands" has never done better
work, appreciating as they do the men who have
volunteered as well as those who are loyal though
they cannot go “Over the Top."
12 mo. Illustrated Cover Jacket. Net $1.00
COMEDIES OF WORDS ANER PLAYS
By ARTHUR SCHNITZLER
Translated by PIERRE LOVING
Reading Schnitzler is like going to the School of
Life itself. The Plays are:
"Literature."
“Great Scenes,"
"His Helpmate." "The Festival of Bacchus."
"The Hour of Recognition."
Post Express, Rochester: "They resemble in their
fine cynicism the English Comedies of Congreve and
Wycherley."
Net $1.50
PORTMANTEAU PLAYS
Second Edition By STUART WALKER
Edited and with an Introduction by EDWARD HALE
BIERSTADT
Containing four one-act plays by the inventor and
director of the Portmanteau Theater- "The Trimp-
let," "Nevertheless," “The Medicine-Show," "Six
Who Pass While the Lentils Boil."
Bellman, Minneapolis : "They must be delightful
spectacles. Each has its individual charm."
Saturday Night, Toronto: "To the reader who
can enjoy the Drama in printed form this collection
of dramas is of piquant, thoughtful and unflagging
interest." 6 full page illustrations on Cameo Paper.
Net $1.50
PLAYS AND PLAYERS
LEAVES FROM A CRITIC'S SCRAPBOOK
By WALTER PRICHARD EATON
Preface by BARRETT H. CLARK
A volume of Criticisms of Plays and Papers on
Acting, Playmaking, and other dramatic problems,
by the former Editor of the New York Sun.
Detroit Free Press: "This is one of the most
interesting and also valuable books on modern drama
that we have encountered in that period popularly
referred to as "& dog's age.'
10 full page illustrations. Artistic Lining Papers.
Net $2.00
MORE SHORT PLAYS
By MARY MACMILLAN,
Author of "Short Plays"
Plays that act well may read well-Miss Mac-
Millan's Plays are good reading; nor is literary
excellence a detriment to dramatic performance.
The Plays are:
"The Pioneers."
“The Dress Rehearsal of
"Honey."
Hamlet."
"In Mendelesia," Parts "At the Church."
I and II.
"His Second Girl."
"The Dryad."
All contain the spirit of humor, something of
subtlety, and something of fantasy.
Uniform with "Short Plays."
Net $1.50
LAKE AND STREAM GAME FISHING
By DIXIE CARROLL
Introduction by JAMES KEELEY
Foreword by JACK LAIT
A Practical Book on the Popular Fresh Water
Game Fish, The Tackle Necessary and How to Use It.
Portland Oregonian: "Every chapter gives some
phase of the sport of angling that will make fishing
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stringer."
แน8. . & Color Frontispiece and other Pictures on
Cameo Paper.
Not $1.76
BARNARD'S LINCOLN
The creation and dedication of George Grey Bar.
nard's Statue of Abraham Lincoln. With a won-
derful eulogy on Lincoln by the Hon. Wm. Howard
Taft. This volume is a gem of Lincoln Literature.
7 full page illustrations printed on Cameo Paper.
Net $0.50
STEWART & KIDD CO. PUBLISHERS
CINCINNATI
17


360
[October 11
THE DIAL
MICLURG
BOOKE
SON
Friend Perkins,
Dear Sir:
When I wrote you last I promised to give
you some further particulars, in regard to our busi-
ness, soon. At the time I thought matters were so
arranged with Burlington that we should have no
further trouble with them; and we have got $10,000.
in acceptances most of which we have got discounted.
This helps a little for the present but the prospect
is dull about getting the matter closed before the
opening of navigation; which however we look for
soon; as we have had but very little winter. We
have some 20 or 30 thousand lbs. of fine wool not
contracted away and we think there is some prospect
that we may have to put it down some to realize the
cash on it. Money is still very tight and manufac-
turers talk quite as poor as
usual. I am not yet
"I visited with a natural rapture the
able to set a time exactly when we can refund the
largest bookstore in the world."
money you have advanced but should be glad to
know when you will probably need it. We have
See the chapter on Chicago, page 43, “Your now got so much into our hands from the Burlington
United States," by Arnold Bennett
Co. that I think there is no reason to fear their flying
off the handle. Were it otherwise I do not believe
It is recognized throughout the country we should be able to hold them as I think they would
that we earned this reputation because we
raise some excuse that the wool was not so fine, or
not so clean, or that they were to take none but what
have on hand at all times a more complete
was delivered before the close of navigation, or
assortment of the books of all publishers than some other pretext to get rid of taking it. As it now
can be found on the shelves of any other book-
stands we have some $17,000. in our hands more
dealer in the entire United States. It is of
than will pay for all the wool they have yet received.
interest and importance to all bookbuyers to
RICHARD LE GALLIENNE.
know that the books reviewed and advertised
(To the Editor of The DIAL.)
in this magazine can be procured from us with In your "Notes for Bibliophiles" will you please
the least possible delay. We invite you to inform me of the date of publication in separate
visit our store when in Chicago, to avail your-
form of "The Cry of the Little Peoples,” by Rich-
self of the opportunity of looking over the
ard Le Gallienne, issued by the Roycrofters. In-
quiries of the publishers failed to bring any definite
books in which you are most interested, or to
information; in fact, their first reply to my inquiry
call upon us at any time to look after your
stated they had not published it. A second letter
book wants.
acknowledged their mistake, but they were unable
to give a date. The poem was originally printed
Special Library Service in "The Daily Chronicle," London (Eng.), June
23, 1899.
Can you or any of your readers add any items
We conduct a department devoted entirely
to the following list of rarities by R. Le Gallienne:
to the interests of Public Libraries, Schools,
I. Four-page leaflet containing three poems, in-
Colleges and Universities. Our Library De serted in some copies of "English Poems,” London,
partment has made a careful study of library 1892.
requirements, and is equipped to handle all II. Limited Editions : Confessio Amantis. Lon-
library orders with accuracy, efficiency and don, 1893.
despatch. This department's long experience III. Robert Burns. La port, 8vo. New York,
in this special branch of the book business, 1896.
combined with our unsurpassed book stock, IV. Christmas. 8vo. London and Belfast, 1896.
enable us to offer a library service not excelled
V. The Burial of Romeo and Juliet. Chicago,
1904.
elsewhere. We solicit correspondence from
Librarians unacquainted with our facilities.
VI. The Hidden Land. 1906.
Any information regarding further items will be
much esteemed.
W. MACDONALD MacKay.
Retail Store, 218 to 224 South Wabash Avenue
Mr. Le Gallienne is unable to inform me of the
date of publication of “The Cry of the Little
Library Department and Wholesale Offices:
Peoples" in separate form by the Roycrofters, since
330 to 352 East Ohio Street
it was issued by them without consulting him. Per-
Chicago
haps some reader of The DIAL can give this infor-
mation.-Ed.

A. C. McCLURG & CO.


1917)
361
THE DIAL
NOTES AND NEWS
A New Book by Amy Lowell
TENDENCIES IN
MODERN AMERICAN
POETRY
By Amy Lowell
H. L. Mencken has been joint editor of the
"Smart Set” since 1914. He has published a
number of books, the latest—“A Book of Prefaces"
-dealing with Messrs. Conrad, Dreiser, and
Huneker. Mr. Mencken's “Ibsen: Journeyman
Dramatist” in the present issue of The Dial is
reprinted, by arrangement with Messrs. Boni and
Liveright, from the volume of Ibsen's plays in the
"Modern Library" series.
Hartley B. Alexander is professor of philosophy
at the University of Nebraska. He is the author
of "The Problem of Metaphysics," "Poetry and
the Individual,” and other books.
Helen Thomas Follett has collaborated with her
husband, Wilson Follett, in many critical studies
of representative novelists. They are frequent con-
tributors to the magazines.
Odell Shepard's first book of verse was reviewed
recently in The DIAL. He was until recently a
lecturer on poetry at Harvard.
L. L. Bernard is the author of "The Teaching
of Sociology in the United States,” “The Objec-
tive Standard of Social Control,” and other works.
Donald R. Richberg is a young Chicago lawyer
who has interested himself in progressive politics.
He is the author of two novels.
In this new volume Miss Lowell again
turns to criticism. For the first time, the
new poetic renaissance is considered criti-
cally and given a perspective. Taking six
leading poets, each a type of one of the
trends of contemporary verse, she has writ-
ten a short biographical account of the
man, and a critical summary of his work;
relating him to the past, and showing the
steps by which he left it to create the
present.
"It would be disagreeably obvious to
call Miss Lowell's prose 'poetic.' Its style
conceals style ; its sculptural simplicity has
the regnant beauty of line.
Always
she aims at the dominant attitude of each
of her poets.
She achieves chisel-
led imagery, the reflection in the mirror
of words, of the clear, bright_flame of
immortal genius."-Review of Reviews.
Now ready at all bookstores, $8.50.
Other Books by Amy Lowell
SIX FRENCH POETS
"Her book is a living and lasting piece of criti-
cism."-New York Sun.
IUustrated. $8.50
The publisher takes pleasure in announcing that
Mr. Van Wyck Brooks has joined THE DIAL's
staff as contributing editor. Mr. Brooks, who was
associated with the editorial direction of “The
Seven Arts," has written a notable study of John
Addington Symonds and several books of criticism,
including "The World of H. G. Wells” and
"America's Coming-of-Age.”
Stephen McKenna, whose "Sonia: Between Two
Worlds” is one of George H. Doran's more im-
portant autumn publications, is a young British
novelist under thirty who has already published
four novels in England. He visited this country
recently as a member of the Balfour party.
The University of Chicago Press announces
"The Outlines of Agricultural Economics," by
Edwin G. Nourse, professor of economics at the
University of Arkansas. The volume is designed
for class work and contains questions and answers
which are to be regarded as an integral part of
Professor Nourse's earlier book on "Agricultural
Economics."
What the publishers believe to be a novelty in
war books will be Douglas W. Jonson's “To-
pography and Strategy in the War,” to be pub-
lished by Henry Holt & Co. early in October.
The author, who is a member of the faculty at
Columbia University, makes a particular study of
the connection between the fortunes of war and the
lay of the land in the war zone.
Alfred A. Knopf announces a new series of
Borzoi Books, which will include a series of Span-
ish translations, among which will be some of
the classics, but emphasis is to be put upon modern
SWORD BLADES AND
POPPY SEED
"The most exciting book of verse that has been
written by an American for some time."-Kentucky
Post.
$1.25
MEN, WOMEN AND GHOSTS
"The most original of all the young American
writers of today.”—The New Age, London. $1.25
A DOME OF MANY.
COLOURED GLASS
"Truly lyrical in their fleeting but searching revela-
tions of their author's experience."-Springfield Re-
publican.
$1.85
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
Publishers
NEW YORK


362
[October 11
THE DIAL
It is the Duty
of Every
Reader
of
The Dial
>
to support the government and our men in
the field in a war against Prussian militar-
ism and autocracy.
In a war for democracy it is the duty of
every man and woman who has ideals to do
his bit-if you cannot fight, see to it that
your money represents you on the firing
line.
and contemporary work. The titles of the first
volumes are: “The Cabin,” by Blanco Ibáñez;
“The City of the Discreet,” by Pío Baroja; and
“Martin Rivas,” by Alberto Blest-Gana.
Eric Fisher Wood, author of “The Notebook
of an Intelligence Officer," published by the Cen-
tury Co., was, early in the war, an attaché of the
American embassy in Paris; last Autumn he of-
fered his services to England and was accepted.
He has seen service in the navy and in the trenches,
whence he was recently sent back wounded to an
English hospital. He is now again at the front.
The Stratford Co. announce that they will
shortly begin the publication of a series of the
world's classics at twenty-five cents the volume.
The first five titles include: “Lazarus,” by An-
dreyev, and “The Gentleman from San Francisco,"
by Bunin, translated by A. Yarmolinsky; "De
Profundis,” by Przybishevsky, translated by Luba
Wies and William Cohen; “The Mostellaria of
Plautus," translated by H. T. Schnittkind; "Tales
of Tchekof”; “Russian Tales of the Present War."
“The President's Control of Foreign Relations"
(Princeton University Press), which was erron-
eously attributed to E. Baldwin Smith in The
Dial's Fall Announcement List of September 27,
is by Edward S. Corwin, professor of politics in
Princeton University.
Mary Austin says of her recent novel “The
Ford" (Houghton Mifflin): "The book records in-
cidents in my own life in the struggle for the
waters of Owens River which the city of Los
Angeles stole from us. That was a very wicked
episode and I did not begin to do justice to the
chicanery of Los Angeles. I am saving some of
those things for the sequel to 'The Ford'! It was
I who discovered and made public the attempt of
the city to secure the surplus rights of the River
in just such fashion as I have described Anne and
Kenneth Brent doing in the book.”
The New York Public Library has compiled a
reading list under the title of “Patriotism,” in
which characters and countries, ancient and mod-
ern, whose names are associated with the struggle
for freedom are represented in the form of his-
tories, biographies, and stories readable for boys
and girls of high-school age.
"Wilderness Honey” by Frank Lillie Pollock, is
a story of Mr. Pollock's bees, which, during March
and April, store honey from the swamp flowers in
Alabama, and are then shipped to Canada, to work
on clover and wild raspberry. The book is an-
nounced by the Century Co.
In “The Expansion of Europe," Professor Ram-
say Muir discusses colonial development particu-
larly in its relation to the outbreak of the war.
A more intensive study of Africa, the crux of the
colonial problem, is given in Professor Norman
Dwight Harris's “Intervention and Colonization
in Africa.” Both books are from the Houghton
Mifflin Press.
Dr. William M. Salter, whose “Nietzsche, the
Thinker” Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. are pub-
lishing, is a brother-in-law of the late William
James.
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1917]
363
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
[The following list, containing 163 titles, includes
books received by The DIAL since its last issue.]
Popular Jacobs Juveniles
Jean of Greenacres
By Izola L. Forrester
The interesting experiences of Jean in the city,
when she takes up her chosen work and makes
good. A book to inspire as well as to entertain.
12mo. cloth. Inlay on cover and four colored
illustrations. $1.25 net.
The Greenacre Girls
Uniform with above. $1.25 net.
Joan's California Summer
By Caroline E. Jacobs
and Lucy M. Blanchard
An informative and delightfully interesting
tale of how two boys and two girls spent a
summer in California. 12mo. cloth. Illus-
trated. $1.25 net.
Andersen's Fairy Tales
(The Washington Square Classics)
A complete edition, compiled in the main from
the translations of Mrs. E. Lucas and Mrs. H.
B. Paul. Seven colored pictures by Eleanor
P. Abbott. 12mo. Reinforced cloth binding.
$1.25 net.
George W.Jacobs & Co., Publishers, Philadelphia, Pa.
By
ESSAYS AND GENERAL LITERATURE
A Literary Pilgrim in England. By Edward
Thomas. Illustrated, 8vo, 330 pages.
Dodd,
Mead & Co. $3,
Unicorns. By James Huneker. 12mo, 361 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.73.
The Ladies of Dante's Lyrics. By Charles Hall
Grandgent. 8vo, 181 pages. Harvard Univer-
sity Press. $1,35.
Four Essayı. By the late Murray Anthony Potter.
8vo, 139 pages. Harvard University Press.
$1.25.
American Ideals. Edited by Norman Foerster and
W. W. Pierson, Jr. 12mo, 326 pages. Houghton
Mifflin Co. $1.25.
The Soul of Dickens. By W. Walter Crotch. 8vo,
227 pages.
Chapman & Hall. London.
Contributions Toward a History of Arabico-Gothic
Culture. By, Leo Wiener. Volume 1. 8vo, 301
pages. Neale Publishing Co. $3.50.
Three Centuries of American Poetry and Prone.
Edited by Alphonso Gerald Newcomer, Alice
E. Andrews, and Howard Judson Hall. 8vo, 876
pages. Scott, Foresman & Co. $1.75.
A Book of Narratives. Edited by Oscar James
Campbell, Jr., and Richard Ashley Rice. 12mo,
497 pages. D. C. Heath & Co,
Tennyson. How to Know Him. By Raymond M.
Alden. With frontispiece, 12mo, 376 pages.
Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.50.
The Way of the Children. By Shri Advaitacharya.
16mo, 92 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. 50 cts.
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES
The Life of John Caldwell Calhoun. By William
M. Meigs. Illustrated, 2 volumes, 8vo, 478-456
pages. Neale Publishing Co. Boxed, $10.
Li Hung-Chang. By J. O. P. Bland. With frontis-
piece, 12mo, 327 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $2.
Nemories Discreet and Indiscreet. By A Woman
of No Importance. Illustrated, 8vo, 352 pages.
E. P. Dutton & Co. $5.
From Job to Job Around the World. By Alfred
C. B. Fletcher. Illustrated, 8vo, 317 pages.
Dodd, Mead & Co. $2.
Richard Strauss. The Man and His Works.
Henry T. Finck. Illustrated, 8vo, 328 pages.
Little, Brown, & Co. $2.50.
Richard Cumberland. By Stanley Thomas Wil-
liams. With frontispiece, 8vo, 365 pages. Yale
University Press. $3.
The Memoirs of Colonel John S. Mosby. Edited by
Charles Wells Russell. Illustrated, 8vo, 414
pages. Little, Brown & Co. $3.
Anne of Brittany. By Helen J. Sanborn. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 252 pages. Lothrop, Lee & Shep-
ard Co. Boxed, $2.
Heroes of To-Day. By Mary R. Parkman. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 326 pages. The Century Co. $1.33.
Heroines of Service. By Mary R. Parkman. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 322 pages. The Century Co. $1.35.
Start King in California. By William Day Si-
monds. 12mo, 105 pages. Paul Elder & Co.
$1.25.
FICTION
The Human Tragedy. By Anatole France. Trans-
lated by Alfred Allinson. Illustrated, 4to, 146
pages. John Lane Co. $3.
The Fishermen. By Dimitry Gregorovitsh. 12mo,
368 pages. Robert McBride & Co. $1.50.
The Wanderers. By Mary Johnston. 12mo, 426
pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.75.
A Chaste Man. By Louis Wilkinson, 12mo, 338
pages. Alfred A. Knopf. $1.50.
The Innocents. By Sinclair Lewis. 12mo, 217
pages. Harper & Bros. $1.25.
The Dwelling Place of Light. By Winston Church-
ill. With frontispiece. 12mo, 457 pages. Mac-
millan Co. $1.60.
In Happy Valley. By John Fox, Jr. Illustrated,
12mo, 229 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.35.
The High Heart. By Basil King. Illustrated, 12mo,
420 pages. Harper & Bros. $1.50.
The Terror. By Arthur Machen. 12mo, 227 pages.
Robert McBride & Co. $1.25.
Calvary Alley. By Alice Hegan Rice. 12mo, 413
pages. The Century Co. $1.35.
"William, By the Grace of God." By Marjorie
Bowen. 12mo, 312 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co.
$1.50.
The Green Tree Mystery. By Roman Doubleday.
Illustrated, 12mo, 320 pages. D. Appleton & Co.
$1.40.
The Heart's Kingdom
By Maria Thompson Daviess
Now in its second edition
The story of America's
spiritual unrest, and of
one woman's doubt and
searching, and what a
man from the trench-
es did for her life and
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At all bookstores
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364
(October 11
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Pierrot Wounded. By P. Alberty. Adapted from
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Rhymes of the Rookies. By W. E. Christian. 16mo,
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THE DIAL
The
Substance of Gothic
By Ralph Adams Cram, Litt.D., LL.D., etc.
Crown 8vo, gilt top, with portrait, $1.50 net.
As the recognized authority on Gothic architecture,
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368
(October 11, 1917
THE DIAL
A HOLIDAY IN UMBRIA:
With an account of Urbino and the
Cortegiano of Castiglione
By SIR THOMAS GRAHAM JACKSON
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DARWINISM AND HUMAN LIFE
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Ву
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WIDDEMER
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370
[October 25
THE DIAL


WAR
BOOKS
from the list of
Houghton Mifflin
Company
Boston and New York
ALL IN IT
By Major lan Hay Belth
The further exploits of Ki at Ypres and at the Somme described with all the vividness, humor,
and human interest that has made “The First Hundred Thousand" the most popular book of the
War. $1.50 net.
1
THE NEXT OF KIN
Those Who Walt and Wonder
By Nellle L. McClung
Stories and sketches that give a remarkably
clear and interesting revelation of the way in
which Canadian men and women are doing
their bit in the War. There are verses, too,
compelling and piercing in their pathos. The
whole book is strong and fearless, but always
comforting and healing. $1.25 net.
CRUMPS
The Plain Tale of a Canadian
Who Went
By Louls Keone
This book written in the shadow of Ypres by
a young artist who is Captain of a machine-
gun section, describes with breezy freshness the
training and fighting of the Canadian army
and the light-hearted courage with which they
have mocked death on the Ypres salient.
$1.25 net.
-
BOOKS OF VARIED INTEREST
UNCOLLECTED LETTERS OF
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
Now first brought together by GILBERT A. TRACY. With an introduction by IDA M. TARBELL.
One of the most interesting and historically valuable contributions to Lincolniana of recent years
is this collection of about three hundred letters, only a few of which have ever before been pub-
lished. With photogravure frontispiece. $2.50 net.
DAYS OUT
JAPAN DAY BY
DAY
By Edward S. Morse
This journal of a four
years' residence in Japan
nearly forty years ago, con-
stitutes a veritable compen-
dium of Japanese life, art,
manners and customs, by
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authorities in the field, and
presents & detailed picture
of an age that has forever
vanished. Two volume s.
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trations. $8.00 net.
A HISTORY OF
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1917]
371
THE DIAL
BRENTANO'S NEW PUBLICATIONS
SEASON 1917-18
NEW NOVELS
GIFT BOOKS
MEMOIRS OF THE PRIVATE
LIFE OF MARIE ANTOINETTE
By MADAME CAMPAN, First Lady-in-Waiting to
the Queen. With a Memoir of Madame Campan
by F. BARRIÈRE. A New Edition, revised by F. M.
GRAVES, with Introduction and Notes by J. Hol-
LAND Rose, author of "Napoleon I,” etc., etc., and
Reader in Modern History at the University of
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publishers' famous edition of Cellini's “Autobiography."
Ready Nov. 1.
THE MAN WHO KILLED.
Ву
CLAUDE FARRÈRE. Translated by MAGDALEN C.
SCHUYLER. 12mo. Cloth. $1.50 net.
A story of a remarkable incident in the life of a
French military attaché in Constantinople. For de
scriptive power in enabling us to realize the life of
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passed. For the skill evinced in the construction of
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tion of its striking dénouement, there are few books
of late modern fiction to equal it. The book is one
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A NEST OF SPIES. Being the Fourth
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BRENTANO'S NEW HOLIDAY GIFT BOOK
UNIFORM WITH "CLAIRE DE LUNE" AND
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AUCASSIN AND NICOLETE
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merous drawings in line by Miss Evelyn PAUL.
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THE DRAMA
TRISTAN AND ISEULT. A Play
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372
[October 25
THE DIAL
Selected from McClurg's List
THE MESSIAH OF THE CLYLINDER
By Victor Rousseau. A startlingly original and powerful novel, different from anything ever
published. The story begins just before the Great World War, and its characters and a three
cornered love affair are projected a hundred years into the future, when they play out their drama
in a world gripped by a perverted and tyrannous socialism without either religion or freedom. A
striking picture of the logical result of "Kultur.” Price $1.35.
A SON OF THE CITY
By Herman Gastroll Sooly. A book about boys for those to whom boyhood is a memory. It's
a real story, strikingly realistic in its psychology of boy life, and full of fun and humor.' The
"city" is Chicago. Price $1.35.
AMERICAN PATRIOTIC PROSE AND VERSE
Selected and Edited by Ruth Davis Stovens and David H. Stevens, Ph. D. The glorious
record of our national life as told by poets, writers and orators. The selections are arranged chrono-
logically and are accompanied by biographical notes and data concerning the circumstances under
which the pieces were composed. Price $1.25.
A SOLDIER OF FRANCE TO HIS MOTHER
Letters From the Trenches on the Western Front. A vivid picture of life in the trenches by
an artist-soldier who forsook brush and paint to serve his country as a private in the ranks. Trans-
lated by Theodore Stanton, M.A. Price $1.00.
THE GIST OF AUCTION BRIDGE
By Charles Emmet Coffin. A clear, concise and comprehensive manual of the game according
to the system used by expert players. It's the last word on Auction Bridge, based on the laws
and rules of the game as recently revised by the Whist Club of New York. Especially recom-
mended to those who want to improve their game. Price $1.00.
THE BOOK OF CORN COOKERY
By Mary L. Wade. One hundred and fifty ways of using corn and corn products. Corn is an
excellent food, wholesome, nutritious and economical. Price $0.75.
CICERO: HIS LIFE AND WORKS
By Hannis Taylor. Critics everywhere have acclaimed this work as the most brilliant and ex-
haustive life of the Great Republican of the Ancient World ever written. No public or private
library is complete without it. Price $3.50.
ULTIMATE DEMOCRACY
By Newell L. Sims. An investigation and study of the democratic idea, making plain its aims,
its achievements and its trend. Price $1.50.
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF
SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
CITIZENSHIP
By George R. Davis. That the nature of
By Arland D. Weeks. "A message of vital
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significance," says The Dial in a review of biological reality is the theme of this volume,
this book. The remedy for social apathy to the term spiritual being used in a broad sense.
civic issues is in educating the citizen to right
Price $0.60.
thinking. Price $0.60.
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1917]
373
THE DIAL
Twelve Selected Books of Poetry, Plays and Essays

THESE BOOKS ARE RECOMMENDED AS THE BEST OF RECENT PUBLICATIONS
A BOOK OF VERSE OF
THE GREAT WAR
Edited by W. REGINALD WHEELER
With a Foreword by CHARLETON M. LEWIS
In this collection Mr. Wheeler has chosen the verse
which is most likely to survive. Among the con-
tributors are: Wilfrid Wilson Gibson, Maurice Hew-
lett, Cecil Chesterton, John Galsworthy, Amy Lowell,
Edgar Lee Masters, Alfred Noyes, and Rabindranath
Tagore. $2.00 net.
Yale University Press, New Haven and New York.
Scandinavian Classics : Volume IX
ANTHOLOGY OF SWEDISH
LYRICS From 1750 to 1915
Collected and translated with an Introduction and
Notes
By CHARLES WHARTON STORK
This is a careful and representative selection from
the great Swedish lyrists, Bellman, Wennerberg,
Rydberg, Runeberg, Snoilsky, Karlfeldt, Heidenstam,
Fröding, and many others. xxxix + 881 pages.
Price $1.50. The American-Scandinavian Foundation.
SEA MOODS and Other Poems
By EDWARD BLISS REED
Unless a man lack something of what is his due,
there is a part of him that will always respond to the
moods of the sea. No matter how office-ridden, city-
bound, or war-burdened his surroundings, he will
read Mr. Reed's lyrics with an exhilaration that only
& salt breeze can give. $1.00 net.
Yale University Press, New Haven and New York.
Scandinavian Classics : Volume VIII
ARNLJOT GELLINE: A Verse Romance
By BJÖRNSTJERNE BJÖRNSON
Translated from the Norwegian with an Introduction
and Notes by William Morton Payne.
Of Björnson's Arnljot Gelline H. H. Boyesen says:
"Never has he found a more daring and tremendous
expression for the spirit of old Norse paganism than
in this powerful but somewhat chaotic poem." ziv
+ 155 pages. Price $1.50.
The American-Scandinavian Foundation.
BEGGAR AND KING
By RICHARD BUTLER GLAENZER
An exceptional first volume of verse. "One of the
few today who love Beauty religiously, gravely, joy-
ously," a fellow poet says of Mr. Glaenzer. "His verse
is real poetry, packed with observation, sympathy,
music and color." $1.00 net.
Yale University Press, New Haven and New York.
OXFORD BOOK OF ENGLISH
MYSTICAL VERSE
Chosen by D. H. S. NICHOLSON
and A. H. LEE
Fcap 8vo (6% 2 442), cloth, gilt top, pp. xv +644,
net, $2.50. Oxford India paper edition, cloth, gilt
top, net, $3.50. Persian Morocco, net $5.00. (Uni-
form with the Oxford Book of English Verse.)
Oxford University Press American Branch,
35 West 32nd Street, New York.
UPEASTIAHNITT
THE OPERA BOOK
By EDITH B. ORDWAY
This book contains & brief, succinct, but clear ac-
count of the action of the operas played in New York,
Chicago, Philadelphia and Boston during the past
years, and some of the novelties and revivals an-
nounced for next year.
New edition 1917, 8vo, cloth, illustrated, boxed, net
$2.50. Bound in three-quarter Morocco, gilt top,
boxed, net $5.00. Printed on India paper, bound in
full Turkey Limp Morocco, red under gold edges, size
*%27, 562 pages, 32 illustrations, boxed, net $4.00.
Sully and Kleinteich, Publishers, New York.
THE WIND IN THE CORN
By EDITH FRANKLIN WYATT
Song-poems of Democracy and the great Trails
that sound a note of hope and honest labor. Ready
about November 1. This is an Appleton book. $1.50
net. D. Appleton & Company, Publishers, New York.
CAMPFIRE VERSE
An Anthology of open air verse, compiled by Wil-
liams Haynes and Joseph Le Roy Harrison, with an
Introduction by Stewart Edward White, of the best
verse on life in the woods. The collection includes
poems by such men as Bliss Carmen, Robert Bridges,
Arthur Stringer, Henry Van Dyke, W. H. Drummond,
C. G. D. Roberts, Ernest Thompson Seton, Irving
Bacheller, etc. $1.25 net. Duffield and Co., New York.
THE CLOSED DOOR
By JEAN DE BOSSCHERE
Translated by J. S. Flint. With an Introduction by
May Sinclair. Illustrated by the Author.
Until the publication of this translation, Jean de
Bosschere, the Belgian poet and artist, had been
represented to English-speaking people only by a few
essays. In this book we have a work that partakes
of the nature of the prose poem, the vere libre, the
parable, the proverb_and the "image." The text is
both in French and English. 8vo, Cloth, $1.25 net.
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THE DIAL
VOLUME LXIII
No. 752
OCTOBER 25, 1917
CONTENTS
.
.
.
.
.
.
A GREAT CHINESE Poet: Po-Chu-I Edward Garnett.
381
The STRUCTURE OF LASTING Peace H. M. Kallen.
383
QUIET
Verse
M.L. C. Pickthall
385
LITERARY AFFAIRS IN LONDON Edward Shanks
. 385
The BelgiAN RENAISSANCE . Lewis Galantiere .
· 388
DeNATURED Nietzsche
Randolph Bourne . 389
A WORLD SAFE FOR ENGLAND V. T. Thayer .
· 391
JACINTO BENAVENTE
Padraic Colum
393
AN ASIATIC FRONTIER .
W. G. Tinckom-Fernandez 394
A PARNASSIAN ROMANCE.
Gilbert Vivian Seldes . 396
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
. 398
Plays by Ostrovsky.—The Railroad Problem.-Birds of Britain.-A Scale of Per-
formance Tests.-Studies in Insect Life.--Italy at War.-The Street of Ink.
Outposts of the Fleet.-War.-The Mexican Problem.--Henry Thoreau as Remem-
bered by a Young Friend.-A German Deserter's War Experience.-Germanism
from Within.
NOTES ON NEW FICTION
402
The Soul of a Bishop.—The Triumph.-My Mother and I.—The Sorry Tale.-
Dandelions.-Understood Betsy.-Parnassus on Wheels.—Pilgrims Into Folly.
CASUAL COMMENT
404
COMMUNICATIONS
406
Rags and Immortality.—English Tanka.-Educating the Bookseller.—"Govern-
ment of the People, by the People, for the People.”—Letters and Diary of Alan
Seeger.
BRIEFER MENTION
408
NOTES FOR BIBLIOPHILES
412
NOTES AND News
415
LIST OF New Books.
419
LIST OF SHOPS Where The Dial Is On Sale
· 423
STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, CIRCULATION, ETC. . 423
.
.
GEORGE BERNARD DONLIN, Editor
MARY CARLOCK, Associate
Contributing Editors
CONRAD AIKEN
VAN WYCK BROOKS
H. M. KALLEN
RANDOLPH BOURNE
PADRAIC COLUM
ЈонN MACY
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Entered as Second-class matter Oct. 8, 1892, at the Post Office at Chicago, under the Act of
March 3, 1879. Copyright, 1917, by THE DIAL Publishing Company, Inc.
Published by THE DIAL Publishing Company, Martyn Johnson, President; Willard C. Kitchel,
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380
[October 25, 1917
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THE SOUL OF A BISHOP
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THE DIAL
A fortnightly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
A Great Chinese Poet: Po-Chu-I
By the kindness of Mr. A. D. Waley of on the one hand and banality on the other.
the Print Room, British Museum, I have His view, if I do not misinterpret it, is that
been permitted to see the proofs of his both the early pre-T'ang poetry and Po-
translation of thirty-eight poems by Po- Chu-I have been neglected and pushed
Chu-I (A. D. 772-846), the great Chinese out of sight by Chinese scholasticism and
poet of the T'ang dynasty, as well as the formalism. In his own day Po-Chu-I's
manuscript of a volume of translations poems had immense popularity in the Ori-
of pre-T'ang poems, whose publication ent, and profoundly affected the later
has been delayed by the war.
school of Japanese poetry, but shortly
Some of my readers may know "A His after his death that congealing, formaliz-
.
tory of Chinese Literature" and "Chinese ing influence in Chinese thought which Po-
Poetry in English Verse,” two volumes Chu-I combatted by his realistic example,
by Professor H. A. Giles, the English closed in on literature; and the ideal of
scholar who has done so much to spread successive generations of poets and schol-
a knowledge of China and the Chinese in ars was to repeat, and to imitate, in ste-
our incurious island. But valuable as are reotyped form classic motifs and models.
Professor Giles's renderings, I think that It seems strange that poetry should, like
Mr. Waley's are superior by reason of the Chinese bandaged foot of later days,
their literal exactitude, through which we become cramped and conventionalized by
can apprehend intimately the spirit of the fashion for long ages, but we have an
best Chinese poetry. Professor Giles per- analogy in the bardic literature of both
haps was inclined to treat his subject a Ireland and Wales, where fresh treatment
little too much in the mood of an enthu- and fresh subjects were frowned upon by
siastic collector of bric-a-brac, and one the professional literary caste for centu-
suspects he has also deferred to the taste ries. According to Mr. Waley, Po-Chu-I
.
of the Chinese compilers of standard an- derided the formal themes and treatment
thologies. Tastes in literature, of course, of his great predecessors and complained
alter with each generation, and possibly of the lack of freshness and lack of draw-
Mr. Waley's versions of Po-Chu-I's po- ing from nature in his contemporaries.
ems will open a fresh, important avenue He seems himself to have been one of
to our understanding of some neglected those strong, innovating forces that ap-
Chinese masters. A thing noticeable in pear here and there in letters and art, vig-
Mr. Waley's versions is that they seem to orous, creative minds, like Hogarth or
abolish the screen of difference between Whitman, who go their own way regard-
our English outlook and that of his Chi- less of current taste or fashion. His fe-
nese originals. That in itself is a great cundity must have been very great, since
achievement, and perhaps the secret of he left behind him 4000 poems, which
Mr. Waley's success is partly explained have, fortunately, all come down to us.
by the remark in his foreword, "I have In his manner of work he was a true im-
not used rhyme because .. the restric- pressionist, seizing some aspect of life
tions of rhyme necessarily injure either before his eyes and absorbing himself in
the vigour of one's language, or the literal recording some incident or reflection or
ness of one's version." That all the Chi- feeling of the moment, though he had,
nese poems he selects seem extraordinarily according to Mr. Waley, a didactic side
human shows that his own taste is guided and set great store by those of his poems
by a sure instinct which repels preciosity which were written with a purpose. But
.


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[October 25
THE DIAL
we get an excellent view of his sponta- the rugs and need not get up till the sun
neity as a poet, from his own confession: has mounted the sky.” For his extremely
There is no one among men that has not a special outspoken criticisms of the Administra.
failing
tion, it appears that Po-Chu-I fell into dis-
And my failing consists in writing verses.
grace and was exiled to remote provinces,
I have broken away from the thousand ties of life,
where he bewails the fact that it is impos-
But this infirmity still remains behind.
Each time that I look at a fine landscape,
sible for a man of his tastes to make any
Each time that I meet a loved friend,
friends with the lusty, ape-like mountain-
I raise my voice and recite a stanza of poetry, eers of Pa! His uncompromising direct-
And am glad as though a god had crossed my path.
ness is well illustrated in his "Satire against
Unfortunately exigencies of space pre- Clericalism" (circa A. D. 809), a poem
vent me from quoting here any of the which recalls Browning's “Bishop Hatto":
longer specimens which Mr. Waley has
The Imperial Patent on the Temple doors is writ-
selected of Po-Chu-I's genius; but a good
ten in letters of gold;
example of his breadth of touch and deli-
For nuns' quarters and monks' cells ample space is
cacy of feeling is “The Old Harp,” which, allowed,
simple and direct in style, has true artistic
For green moss and bright moonlight-plenty of
subtlety.
room provided ;
In a hovel opposite is a sick man who has hardly
The OLD HARP
room to lie down!
Of cord and cassia-wood is the harp compounded: I remember once, when at P'ing-yang they were
Within it lie ancient melodies,
building a great man's house,
Ancient melodies-weak and savourless,
How it swallowed up the housing space of thou-
Not appealing to present men's taste,
sands of ordinary men.
Light and colour are faded from the jade stops:
Dust has covered the rose-red strings.
Like the Chinese in all ages, Po-Chu-I
Decay and ruin came to it long ago,
detested the warrior's life, and his "Satire
But the sound that is left is still cold and clear. on Militarism," unfortunately too long to
I do not refuse to play it, if you want me to:
quote, preserves an edge that cuts our Eu-
But even if I play people will not listen.
ropean flesh to-day. He is more indirect,
How did it come to be neglected so?
however, in his poem on the superstitious
Because of the Ch'iang flute and the Ch’in flageolet. Emperor Hsien-Tsung (A. D. 806-20),
One perceives that the author of these who was "devoted to magic,” while he
verses was a connoisseur of life as well feelingly commiserates "the man who
as of the arts, and a ripe product of gen-
dreamed of Fairies” and who in conse-
erations of spiritual and ästhetic culture. quence was ordered by the monarch to
It is much to be hoped that Mr. Waley watch for the fairy host for thirty years
may execute his project of writing Pó- in the empty mountains! "Gods and fair-
Chú-I's life; meanwhile he has so ar- ies," comments Po-Chu-I, “if indeed such
ranged his “Thirty-Eight Poems” that we things there be, their ways are beyond the
gain delightful glimpses of the poet's so- striving of mortal men.
This vigorous
cial atmosphere. A courtier and high offi- common sense and his breadth of vision
cial, Po-Chu-I writes as an experienced and delicacy of feeling are the qualities
man of the world, but always with delight- that have preserved Po-Chu-I's poetry,
ful freshness and vivacity. Thus, in a
when classics less human have fallen into
poem to the Hermit Cheng, he feelingly oblivion. A true realist, Po-Chu-I finds
chronicles his hardships in attending the his inspiration in everyday life, in little
Emperor's levee on a bitter wintry morn- scenes and impressions that other natures
ing, when he had to ride for thirty miles less gifted might deem prosaic. Thus he
in the teeth of the north wind, his horse interests us by his half-rueful reflections
slipping on the causeway, his lantern going on the fact that the birth of his infant
out, his ears almost blown off, and his daughter, Golden Bells, who "is learning
beard stiff with icicles! When he arrived, to sit and cannot yet talk," has postponed
frozen and stiff, and had to wait for the for fifteen years, his plan “of retiring and
imperial summons within the Triple Hall, going back to the hills.” But Golden Bells
how he envied Cheng, the retired scholar, dies when she is three, and the poet tells
"who in warm bed-socks dozes beneath us, in a later poem, how by thought and


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INTRODUCTORY: PRECEDENT AND ADVENTURE
IN THE ORGANIZATION OF PEACE
reason he had driven his grief away, till, does not compete with poetry less concrete
one day, meeting by chance her foster and familiar, of a higher, more idealistic
,
nurse in the road, his sorrow returned. order. But may not our impressionists to-
Another poem records how when in his day learn from him the lesson that pose,
retirement the officials came by night, self-consciousness, preciosity isolate the
knocked at his door, and demanded thirty poet and prevent the development of that
bushels of grain tribute, he reflected that sense of unity between him and his subject
he himself had occupied four official posts which first-rate poetry, of whatever genre,
and "for doing nothing” had received ten communicates ? EDWARD GARNETT.
years' salary! I wish that I had space to
quote the delightful poem "After Getting
Drunk, Becoming Sober in the Night," a The Structure of Lasting Peace
perfect model of subtle impressionism, but
in place of this I will cite a piece no less
I
charming, “On Going to the Mountains
with a Little Dancing Girl Aged Fifteen":
Two top-knots not yet plaited into one,
Never in the history of human warfare,
Of thirty years-just beyond half
which is also the history of civilization,
You who are really a lady of silks and satins
Are now become my hill-and-stream companion!
have the state and conduct of war met with
At the spring fountains together we splash and play! so much organized opposition, and so ef-
On the lovely trees together we climb and sport. fective repudiation in principle. Wars
Her cheeks grow rosy as she quickens her sleeve-
have been fought before, and men have
dancing;
Her brow grows sad as she slows her song's tune.
before yearned and labored for peace.
Don't go singing the song of the Willow Branches, But their hope of its coming and their
When there's no one here with a heart for you to labor have been grounded on their faith
break.
in supernatural intervention; lasting peace
This poem was written when Po-Chu-I could be God-made alone, and only the
was sixty-five, a period of life which he divine miracle could end any but a particu-
celebrates in another, beginning-
lar war with any but a particular peace:
I have put behind me Love and Greed; I have done the princes of earth are princes of war;
with Profit and Fame;
the heavenly prince is the prince of peace.
I am still short of illness and decay and far from
decrepit age;
If to-day's war is unique in the strength
Strength of limb I still possess to seek the rivers
of the forces engaged, the engines em-
and hills;
ployed, and the blood and the treasure
Still my heart has spirit enough to listen to Alutes poured out, it is also unique in the wide-
and strings,
spread feeling that it is a civil war, in the
At leisure I open new wine and taste several cups,
determination that it shall be the last war,
Drunken I recall old poems and sing a whole
volume.
in the fact that it has been met from the
But one must make an end of one's
outset, in all the states engaged, with or-
quo-
tations from a poet whose example (which ganized and persistent opposition, which
a
has lost nothing of its force and freshness may be repressed or martyred, but which
in 1100 years) leaves one wondering cannot be destroyed. Call this opposition
whether many of our contemporary poets
what you will —quixotic, stupid, treacher-
ous, foolish, what not (and at different
are not aiming too high? In comparison times and in different places it may merit
with Po-Chu-I's simple, human, unaffected
all these eulogia)—it remains in the bulk
outlook will not many of the moderns who
a unique record of the spirit in the history
dazzle us in Mr. Braithwaite's “Anthol-
of the warfare of man upon earth. Pre-
ogy of Magazine Verse," poets "subtle in
cedent for it is lacking; it delineates a new
symbolization," poets of "monumental feature in the aspect of humanity. It
moods," poets with “lofty aspirations for delineates a new feature because it is secu-
humanity," appear to future generations lar, definitive, and dynamic, while the
like damaged locks whose keys have been pacifism of tradition has been theological,
mislaid? Of course as a realist, Po-Chu-I quietistic, and expectant. Modern pacifism


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[October 25
THE DIAL
rests its claim
upon the ground from which ,zation whose existence will not repress but
militarism has immemorially worked—the set free, not frustrate but reënforce, the in-
nature and hopes of mankind. It justifies stinctive spontaneities and normal pur-
its claim by the citation of history and the poses of the so various groups of mankind.
analysis of social structures.
International law has no precedent for
Peace foundations like that endowed by such a means to such an end, nor can it
Mr. Carnegie, associations like the League have. What international organization
to Enforce Peace, differ however from the existed prior to the war or now exists
vaguer groups with more adventurous
among the embattled alliances, has no
social imagination, whose sentimentality is organs to exercise such a function, nor can
not altogether checked by perception, in it have. Unities conditioned upon the
that they try to study procedures and menace of a common enemy can have
seek precedents, and aim to attain no more only an inimical relation to peace, and the
than they can get. They are the realpoliti- alliances and combinations of powers have
ker among pacifists, recruited mainly from derived exclusively from such conditions.
the office-holding, diplomatic, and academic But there is a more basic reason for the
classes—the precedent-determined, back- futility of
futility of precedent. States, natural
ward-looking classes—ex-presidents, ex- though they be, none the less consist of
secretaries of state, ex-ambassadors, many elements of artifice. The parts of a
professors (ex, therefore, by vocation) state are very like the parts of a machine.
mostly of international law. Their in- Their outstanding trait is rigidity. Often
fluence is as obstructive to the building of they perform excellently what they have
lasting peace as that of the sentimental been ordained to perform, but never any-
groups is irrelevant.
thing more. The maiming or destruction
For the end desired has no prototype of one part cripples the whole; no other
Ain the international relations of the past part is able to take over its functions or
and the situation which teaches so drastic- to perform its services. There is no com-
ally how desirable is this end, no duplicate. pensation, as there is in the organization
It needs to be faced intelligently, on its of a living body. Unprecedented situations
merits, not habitually via a precedent, nor /consequently tend to throw governments
sentimentally through a rootless aspira- out of gear, to disintegrate them: their
tion. What is needed to make a peace old organs cannot get adjusted to the new
that shall endure is not a development of conditions; the governments either go to
preëxisting relationships and conditions; pieces, or their bureaus and departments
these make as easily for war. What is go on doing what they have always done,
needed is a revision of the principle on and the governments are compelled to
which they rest. The corpus of practices create new organs adequate to master and
and treaties and precedents that goes by control the novel situation. As frequently
the euphemism "international law" rests as not the creation of new organs of
in effect upon principles the exact opposite government is tantamount to a revolution
of those necessary to constitute a real inter- in the structure of the state. The Great
national comity. There is not one of them War offers illustration of all these effects :
which does not incarnate a precarious of disintegration and revolution in the his-
equilibrium of opposed and inimical inter- tory of government in Russia ; of industrial
ests, desires, and forces. War has been and political reconstruction in the history
only the upsetting of such unsteady bal- of government in England; of the begin-
ances, and peace their Sisyphean restora- ning of analogous and far-reaching radi-
tion. To establish lasting peace there is cal changes in the United States, of which
required, therefore, the apprehension and the visible signs are the creation of the
stressing of a constitutive principle as im- Advisory Commission of the Council of
manent in human behavior as that which National Defence, of the office of food
the international lawyer exploits, but mak- administration, and of the other offices of
ing for an interlocking of powers instead control. Germany, it is true, has under-
of a balancing, for an international organi- gone very little change, but precisely be-


1917]
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THE DIAL
are
cause war has brought very little news to Literary Affairs in London
Germany.
If these phenomena mean anything for (Special Correspondence of The DIAL.)
the right definition of conditions of lasting Although it is now only September the autumn
peace, they mean that those are not condi- publishing season has set in with great severity;
tions subject to the judgment of statesmen
and one does not know whether the odd, dull
and diplomats, whose habits of mind and
noises one hears from time to time are German
body make them inexorably deferent to
bombs or only new masterpieces falling heavily
precedent, tradition, and vested interests.
from the press.
Booksellers and circulating
These phenomena mean that the deciding libraries are getting ready for action, readers are
judgment of conditions of lasting peace looking through announcement lists with ex-
must be made by an enlightened public clamations of pleasure, and reviewers
opinion, at the conclusion of the openest
and freest possible discussion, in deference wondering whether the army cannot be persuaded
to take them after all. The new season promises
to the simple aspiration of the collectivi-
ties of mankind for freedom and self-
to be thick with important books. Some per-
expression, and with regard to the actuali- sons profess themselves most impatient to see
ties that favor peace in the system of Lord Morley's recollections and there is a great
relationships into which regard for prece- pother about them in the press. But this is an
dent has thrown the hapless rank and file eagerness which, to be frank, I cannot share.
lof Europe. They pay the cost, theirs Lord Morley wrote admirable books on Vol-
should be the choice. Considerations taire, Rousseau, and Diderot. It is possible to
neither of precedent nor of vested interest, read these works with a great deal of pleasure,
nor of prestige nor of honor can grasp the though the author sometimes shows a painful
principle that must underly the constitution lack of humor when deprecating the failings of
of lasting peace, and create the organs of his subjects. But when he approaches his own
an international polity such that the longer time, he develops a singular caution and rigidity.
(they function the surer peace will be. His life of Gladstone, though no doubt a faithful,
The alliance of democratic common-
and certainly a monumental, record, is rather a
wealths lays claim to the discovery of this
treatise on a public institution than the story of
principle. With varying stress and much
a man. It is a striking contrast to the life of
confusion of counsel its members are
Disraeli begun by Mr. Monypenny and now in
unanimous in declaring that they are fight-
ing this civil war to vindicate it. They Gladstone was perhaps not so picturesque as
course of completion by Mr. Buckle; and though
call it the “Principle of Nationality."
“Dizzy,” he was no less alive. It seems prob-
H. M. KALLEN. able to me that Lord Morley's reminiscences
will be equally stilted and inhuman; and the
noise of their approach, therefore, leaves me with-
Quiet
out emotions.
Comes not the earliest petal here, but only
But there are other books on the point of
Wind, cloud, and star,
appearing. A new volume of poems by Mr.
Lovely and far,
Hardy will give us a fresh opportunity of finding
Make it less lonely.
out what we really think about the greatest poet
Few are the feet that seek her here, but sleeping who ever used such ridiculous language. It is
Thoughts sweet as flowers
true, however, that Mr. Hardy has shown un-
Linger for hours,
mistakable signs of growing defter and defter in
Things winged yet weeping.
the writing of poetry and possibly his new col-
lection will indicate what, in a younger man,
Here, in the immortal empire of the grasses,
Time, like one wrong
we should call a promising development. Mr.
Note in a song,
Yeats, also, will publish a volume of verse called
With their bloom passes.
"Per Amica Silentia Lunae," poems in his latest
M. L. C. PICKTHALL. manner, the work, that is to say, of a middle-
a


386
[October 25
THE DIAL
aged leprechaun. His skill has grown ever more altogether self-oblivion, nor altogether surpris-
impressive as he has grown older, but his poetry ing that it should appear childlike. Henry James
has, if anything, increased in eeriness. There is simply sought to render as veraciously as possible
something blood-curdling in the triviality of some the thing as it appeared to him. His manner
of his pieces, when one considers the perfection reminds one sometimes of the careful, candid
and mysteriousness of their manner; it is as tortuousness of a child that is trying to explain
though a banshee should lean across one's shoulder its own motives and make them seem credible to
and ask, in a conversational tone, for a light. an elder. He had a fine temperament, which
You could not have a better contrast to Mr. was the essential that made him a good novelist.
Yeats than Mr. Herbert Trench, who is getting But, as Mr. de la Mare points out, it is his fine
into the habit of publishing his collected poems, enthusiasm for his work which is particularly
being about to do it this autumn for the second revealed in these volumes; and his enthusiasm
time. He gives one the impression that he makes him an inspiring example for his fellow-
takes himself very earnestly in his writing; there craftsmen. When I come to think about it, there
is something solid, dignified, even unwieldy about is a certain similarity between James and Mr.
his verse.
But it is often good and sometimes de la Mare. Both of them go out to catch a rare
very good, if you can acquire the taste for it. sensation in a net of words; and frequently the
And then there are Swinburne's letters—but of words seem to have no bearing on the desired
these no more until they appear. It is by no goal until, surprisingly, the sensation is caught.
means certain, of course, that all or any of the They have enlarged the bounds of consciousness,
books I have mentioned will be out this autumn; perhaps, by expressing, however largely and
for with printers in Yorkshire, binders in Somer- vaguely, states of the soul which had previously
set, publishers in London, and railways burdened escaped definition. It is, in both cases, patient
with munitions of war, a great deal may happen and devoted cunning that does it.
between announcement and publication.
A minor sensation has been caused by a novel-
Meanwhile one of the great events of the ist of a very different sort. Mr. Alec Waugh,
season has taken place. The two unfinished son of Mr. Arthur Waugh, publisher and critic,
novels by Henry James are out and have evoked left his public school for the army at the age of
a chorus of perplexed applause. No critic dares
seventeen and thereupon wrote a novel on public-
say that he dislikes them, but it is fairly clear school life before passing his eighteenth birthday.
that not all have understood them. All, or very It is a very remarkable feat; but I find it diffi-
nearly all, are agreed that there is nothing of cult to consider it as anything more than that.
more interest in the two volumes than the notes It has received many eulogistic reviews, but I
from which the author worked. Mr. Walter de have not detected any note of real enthusiasm
la Mare, the very man to write on Henry James, in the critics. They all seem unable to get past
is responsible for much the best appreciation of the fact that it is remarkable that a boy of seven-
the last appearance of the great novelist. The teen should have written a novel; and it is re-
trouble which James took to make his meaning markable. But given a boy of intelligence with
ultimately accessible, if not immediately apparent, a wide knowledge of recent literature—and there
the fine gesture with which he renounced false are plenty of them—and with sufficient persistence
lucidity for obscure truth, have fascinated him. and concentration—this is where the number is
"What he put into the composition of his novels," reduced—I should have expected just such a
Mr. de la Mare exclaims, "the ordinary scribbler novel. It is, in a moderate way, a diatribe against
must faint even to speculate upon.” And again: the code and the standard of values that obtain
"There is no happier gift in these Notes, none in our public schools; Mr. Arnold Lunn uttered
more simple, curious and exhilarating, than the that diatribe more convincingly several years
spectacle they convey of a man really and truly ago in “The Harrovians.” Mr. Waugh's novel
enraptured by the thought and by the effort of has wit, humor, and faithful observation. But it
consummately purposing the thing he can do has also passages of juvenile ineptitude. There
well." "This engrossed self-oblivion,” Mr. de is one in particular in which the hero breaks out
la Mare proceeds, “is the child's.” But it is not of school at night, goes to a fair, and takes a girl


1917]
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THE DIAL
on the roundabouts. The episode is compounded have treated the material for a novel. He has
of the worst elements in Mr. Masefield and Mr. used his sensitive observation and his gift of vivid
Compton Mackenzie, and leaves me with the im- description to make his experiences seem real to
pression that Mr. Waugh still has his wild oats us—and he has avoided calling our attention on
to sow. But, though one may refuse to regard the every third page to the fact that they really hap-
book as anything more than an unusual feat in pened. To the man with the eye of a creative
the circumstances, it is evident that Mr. Waugh
artist, a man, that is, who can see the significance
has a grasp of the methods of novel-writing that
of life, a battle in the bush is not really much
may be very useful to him when his character
more startling than a love affair or a quarrel
ripens.
with a friend. Mr. Brett Young has preserved
I turn to a book that is good in itself. In my this attitude and has written a narrative which is
last letter, I wrote a paragraph or two about the at once convincing and moving. War has not
poems of Mr. Francis Brett Young, and I men- paralyzed or distorted his literary gifts and these,
tioned that all these pieces arose out of his ex- which seemed promising in his two or three
periences in the East African campaign. He has
novels, appear altogether remarkable in the pres-
now published a prose narrative of these exper-
ent volume. Let me quote a passage of de-
iences, which tells me for the first time that he is
scription, taken absolutely at random in these
a doctor and wrestled mightily in the bush with
pages:
wounds and fever. I need make no apology for
returning so soon to this writer, for his "March- For two more hours we marched, and then, with a
sense of the most profound relief, we found that we
ing on Tanga" is a Phoenix of its kind and has
were going downhill once more. Another hour-and
provoked in me condemnatory reflections on other the bush became insensibly thinner. At the end of
war books.
the next a cloudy moon had risen. We were passing
through a narrow way between grasses as high as a
These, as it appears to me, are good in so far man's shoulder, and this change from the alien atmos-
as they are expressive of general emotions occa- phere of the bush was subtly reassuring, as though
we had really stumbled into some pathway cutting a
sioned by the mere existence of war; but those
moonlit cornfield at home. We halted many times,
books which have described actual experience of resting our bodies on the stubbly ground, and in one
warfare have run through all the gamut of jour-
of these halts a strange sound came to us, very like
nalism from useless to useful, from inept to ac-
the silky note of a cornfield waving in the wind; but
the grasses among which we lay were motionless, and
complished, without achieving anything higher. no wind stirred. And then it came to me suddenly
The authors, for whom writing is a vocation and that the sound should have been more welcome, for it
was that of the Pangani, half deadened by its forest
the exact rendering of sensations a true passion,
curtain.
have been strangely silent. Our war books seem to
That is not one of Mr. Young's high lights;
have been typed because they were commissioned,
it is part of the continuous web of his story and
not written because experience demanded expres-
it will illustrate, perhaps, the point I wish to
sion. Only Mr. Hugh Walpole has attempted
make. I do not seek to produce the impression
a veracious impression with an admixture of
that, for the seven-hundredth time, the war has
imagination to make reality seem credible; and
engendered a New Great Writer. I merely
his “Dark Forest" gives a clearer vision of modern
warfare than any other novel I have yet seen.
point to the fact, which is odd, though it should
But Mr. Walpole is not, to me at least, a very
not be, that a writer who was good before the
readable novelist. He gave to a description of
war has gone on being good, and has become,
the Russian front all his talent, untrammelled by possibly, even a little better, in the very middle
of warfare. When the war is done, Mr. Young
the thought of a public eager to be told all about
will, I suppose, resume the writing of novels;
these things and to reward the teller. But his
and there are other novelists, though he certainly
talent simply seems to me insufficient, and the
"Dark Forest" left me disappointed at the end.
stands high in the younger generation. But, for
But Mr. Brett Young-in the light of recent
the moment, he stands alone among those who
have written books about the war.
knowledge I ought to call him Captain Brett
Young-has treated the East African campaign in
EDWARD SHANKS.
precisely the same spirit as that in which he would London, September 30, 1917.


388
(October 25
THE DIAL
gique.”
The Belgian Renaissance Of the earlier, that is to say, the older,
writers of this group, the most distinguished was
SOMB MODERN Belgian WRITERS. By G. Turquet-
certainly Camille Lemmonier. The critic's de-
Milnes. (Robert M. McBride & Co.; $1.)
fence of Lemmonier is scarcely necessary to-day.
It was in the year 1880 that a group of young No Bernard Lazare will dismiss his sixty
men, fresh from the universities of Louvain and
volumes in five vitriolic pages. He was a painter
Ghent, emulous to carry forward the banners
who more than any other Fleming has revealed
of their prophets, Baudelaire and Maupassant, to us in his books the fleshly lusts of his Flanders,
founded in Brussels the review "La Jeune Bel- the gorgeous color of the kermesse, the flaming
mouth of the furnace, the humble cottage of the
The influence of Baudelaire was the most rustic, its eaves adorned by cooing pigeons.
potent exercised by any individual upon a mod- Every book is an uninterruped chain of pictures.
ern literature. These young Belgians had Turquet-Milnes is an enthusiast, and enthus-
steeped themselves in the poisonous exhalations iasm frequently results in loss of perspective. But
of the “Fleurs du Mal.” They had all when he upholds Verhaeren against Victor
experienced the lassitude, the nervous atmos- Hugo, that supreme windbag whose pomposity
phere, the subtle and powerful decadent perfume well-nigh ruined his own genius, I can scarcely
of his genius. Reading their work, we become repress a bravo! The essay on Verhaeren is,
acutely aware of the danger of exploring the on the whole, the finest in the book. Displaying
dark depths of pathology, abnormalism, and his early love of color, his depiction of the
mania without the steadying aid of science. It brutality of life, his profound symbolism, the
is a welcome coincidence, therefore, that during author traces in the poetry of Verhaeren the
the fiftieth anniversary of the death of Baude- unmistakable influence of Baudelaire, and, tak-
laire, there appears as well-informed a treatise ing him through the period when he wrote some
upon this literature as is contained in the present of the most beautiful love poems in the French
book. Its chief virtue lies not so much in the language, leaves him singing of science, society,
consideration bestowed upon individual talent as and the agents of progress.
in the synthetic treatment of the movement as More interesting than any other figures in
a whole. It is here that we can listen to the the book are those of Georges Eekhoud and
beat of the wings of liberty and feel something Georges Rodenbach. Eekhoud's “La Nouvelle
of the unconquerable strength and resiliency of Carthage,” recently published in an English ver-
l'âme belge. We see these troubled souls vacil- sion, seems to me to be the product of a literary
lating between gloomy investigation of tenebrous Dr. Jekyll. There are flashes of lust, there is
wharves and city slums, and conjuring up quaint hoarse and frenetic laughter; now he is a delicate,
and curious tableaux of ancient imagery, using timorous youngster, curiously in love with his
their pens as their ancestors used paint upon haughty cousin, and in another chapter we find
panel and canvas.
this child grown into a man who shivers sen-
In 1883 the movement took definite form. sually at the touch of a hooligan. The book is
Quinquennially, the state awarded a prize of a conscious glorification of vice, brutality, and
some thousands of francs for the best book of ignorance. "Les Kermesses" is a slaughter-
the half-decade. In that year the jury judged house. And yet, the man is a poet, akin to Poe
no book worthy of the prize. Max Waller and not at all to Zola. Rodenbach's master-
organized in the name of "La Jeune Belgique,” piece is “Bruges la Morte.” In this novel he
which felt itself officially insulted, a banquet of depicts Bruges, the home of his childhood, as a
protest in honor of Camille Lemmonier, who had city of stillness, of mystery; a city where one
been refused the prize. Following this, he pub- hears black silence creeping all round. Vance
lished the "Parnasse de la Jeune Belgique,” Thompson once wrote, apropos of Rodenbach,
in the compilation of which eighteen poets col- "The real Bruges is in the lethargic waters of
laborated, and the battle against the conserva- the canals," which is mere rhetoric. Turquet-
tives was on. Waller, who founded “La Jeune Milnes is nearer the truth when he writes,
Belgique" in 1880 and edited it until his pre- "Close by
is the market of brass
mature death in 1889, was a young man of glittering in the sunshine, and such lace! and such
vigorous intellect whose style was more facile bargaining about lace!" Rodenbach's poetry is
than his critical faculty was keen. He was a morbid and mystic. In it, water is always
gifted ironist and a poet of lyrical fantasy. stagnant, lights are dim, birds plane, footsteps
.


1917]
389
THE DIAL
are noiseless. An interesting parallel between refreshing novels. The concluding essay is on
these two is that each has falsified a city; each Leopold Courouble, the accredited humorist of
has portrayed the city in his heart, and where Belgium. “La Famille Kaekebroeck” is his
one has called his Antwerp, the other's is named masterpiece. “La Maison Espagnole” is a faith-
Bruges.
ful and sincere record of his own childhood.
In a variety of ways, the works of Maeter- Taken all together, this book is one of the
linck, Van Lerberghe, and Elskamp are inter- most conscientious and sympathetic critical sur-
related. Van Lerberghe conceived the idea of veys I have read on any literature. Furthermore,
making death “ever present, albeit invisible, the the author writes in a style that is virile and posi-
principle of a new tragedy," and his "Les Flair- tive, and has a command of his subject that is
eurs," the precursor of the Maeterlinckian drama, a joy in these days when every school-teacher
is undeniably the source of the latter. Maeter- sets up shop as critic. He sees his men in rela-
linck found in Van Lerberghe the trick of intro- tion to their environment, to the earth from
ducing immaterial, puerile sentences to secure an which they sprang, and having both vision and
atmosphere of total melancholy. The great scholarship, he is able to measure them with an
element that Maeterlinck brought to the stage eye that is unusually clear. If he lays unprece-
is-Silence. His one discovery was our inquisi- dented emphasis upon the influence of Baudelaire
tiveness, the power of the thing unseen. With in Brussels, it is because such influence becomes
Van Lerberghe he commenced to develop the more patent with every fresh study of Belgian
idea of presentiment, and to heighten his effect, literature.
LEWIS GALANTIERE.
to create the proper frame of mind in his audi-
tor, he added symbolism to his box of tricks
symbolism which veiled all in mystery and
Denatured Nietzsche
which aided him to acquire another element,
suspense. Add to these his years of study and
THE WILL TO FREEDOM. By John Neville Figgis.
(Charles Scribner's Sons; $1.25.)
meditation of the mystics, of Plato, Swedenborg,
Nietzsche's thought needs interpreters to res-
Emerson, Boehme, Novalis, and Ruysbroeck, his
cue it from the ignominy which has come upon
love of nature, and a high stoic beauty, and you
it because of the war.
have the man and his formula.
Nothing is more diffi-
cult to interpret fairly and suggestively. It is
Elskamp seems to me to have received too
much attention from the author, particularly always a little incongruous to see a great mind
since such a poet as Eugène Demolder has none
expounded by a lesser one, and nowhere is the
whatever. The former is a sweet singer who incongruity more impressive than in the case of
has learned much from the French symbolists subtle in his insight, too coruscating in his incon-
and from Maeterlinck, and rewritten with a
great deal of beauty many old Flemish folk sistencies, to be tied down and measured out in
songs. He employs allegory in the fashion of the common expository way. The only way to
a Fleming, but he suffers somewhat in compari- appreciate him is to read him, not read about him.
son (the author makes it) with the poet of "De And yet to read him is the last thing that the
l'Angelus de l'Aube a l'Angelus du Soir," Fran-
Nietzsche-fearer usually does, although there are
cis Jammes. Mention of Maeterlinck's "Douze
at hand most admirable translations in the charm-
Chansons" reminds one that they are
ing Foulis edition,-translations that are usually
Quinze Chansons.
remarkable considering that they are out of a
In an essay entitled “The Destrée Brothers," language so unconvertible as the German.
the author portrays clearly and logically the
Dr. Figgis's mind is perhaps no more mediocre
Catholicism of Walloon Belgium, and against than that of the usual writer who would be
the background of its pious spirit he sketches the tempted to interpret Nietzsche, but it is more
aims and work of leading Gallic men of letters. irritating in that it is the mind of a professional
For me, the name of Georges Virrès is even more
Christian. His book consists of lectures deliv-
interesting than that of Jules Destrée, the social- ered at Lake Forest College, in Illinois, and it
ist, or his brother, the Benedictine poet-monk. has the air of an English churchman come across
Virrès is a novelist who covers the Campine, Eek- the sea to tell the students about Nietzsche what
houd's "Wessex," with a great deal more sanity,
was good for them to hear. Dr. Figgis recog-
albeit with some sentimentality, than Eekhoud, nizes in Nietzsche the most dangerous modern
and he is the author of some delightful and foe of Christianity, but as an intellectual and an
now


390
[October 25
THE DIAL
a
amateur political philosopher himself, he treats cance Dr. Figgis gives it, but is merely a pes-
him with a certain gingerly respect that at once
simistic intuition of Nietzsche's as to the way
assumes his own competence and slightly patron-
the world process runs. Even his riddling of
izes his subject. The result is scarcely happy. Christian morality is diagnostic rather than eth-
The discussion is pitched in a key so much lower ical.
than Nietzsche's own writing, and is conducted The truth is that Nietzsche shows the world
in such obvious and pedestrian terms that the to be a place so much more alarming, exhilara-
many quotations blaze across the page with a heat ting, subtle, dynamic than minds of Dr. Figgis's
that seems almost to shrivel the unfortunate com- calibre can conceive it that when they read the
mentator. The systematized Nietzsche whom analyses of its subtleties and exhilarations they
Dr. Figgis so carefully expounds and judges is can only say, “This is not the world we know;
not the Nietzsche who quickens the blood and therefore it is what you ideally want"! Nietzsche
makes the mind race with ideas, the Nietzsche of must be taken loosely, imaginatively, not as a
the “Joyful Wisdom” or the “Dawn of Day," mathematical problem where his doctrines, his
but a Nietzsche that has been put into a condi- effects, his literary charm, and his danger to tim-
tion where he can be taken into Dr. Figgis's orous Christians, must all be discovered. He
mind and, presumably, into the minds of the must be taken as wine or mountain air. Fact
students of Lake Forest College. And this con- and ideal must play freely back and forth, con-
dition is that of a crude philosopher who has spiring always against the staleness, the mechan-
accepted the Darwinian theory, who sees the icalness, of modern culture and morals and
world as a chaos of warring forces, who rejects theories of knowledge. Dr. Figgis is concerned
all moral valuations, and preaches a gospel for about Nietzsche's "denial of rights to the mass
the few. To Dr. Figgis, Nietzsche is little more of men." "The Putumayo atrocities are in ac-
than a “romantic expression of sheer natural- cord with his teaching.” Away with Nietzsche,
ism.” “His doctrine is what it professes to be," then, because "an author must be judged by the
he says, "a philosophy of force and nothing but kind of spirit which will naturally come of fol-
force; it is certain to stimulate that pride from lowing on his lines." This is good fun from a
which tyranny comes in its disciples, and it min- professional Christian who would scarcely like
isters to the worst prejudices of cultivated men, Christianity to be judged from products like St.
that other people are of no account."
Simon Stylites and Torquemada, who followed
What Dr. Figgis has done here is to make the all too logically on traditional Christian lines.
common mistake of confusing a diagnosis with Dr. Figgis defends Christianity as neither
an ethics. Nietzsche sees that the raw material purely altruistic nor hostile to culture nor even
of life is will-to-power. This is the beginning ultra-democratic, and chooses as Christian mod-
of his diagnosis of society, morality, culture. But els warriors like General Gordon whose force
his doctrine is that this crude striving may be would seem to be exactly the incorrigible sur-
transcended, sublimated into harmless and crea- vival of the primitive religion of valor. He
tive forms of power. Dr. Figgis omits reference to forgets that Christianity was strongest in the
that most significant passage in which Nietzsche eras when it appeared as puritanism or monas-
speaks of the artist, the philosopher, and the ticism. Nietzsche's attack is a fair one, because
saint as the highest expressions of the will-to- he goes straight at the ideals of these powerful
power. The common mind seems unable to keep eras. A Christianity that is not ascetic or other-
from confounding Nietzsche's analysis of what is worldly is not a force in the world. The pagan,
with his ideal of what ought to be. The Superman liberating, audacious message of Nietzsche
is a blazing goal, not a tribute to a Borgia or a touches the old puritan ideals at the quick.
Napoleon. On the other hand, the will-to- Dr. Figgis admits the charm of Nietzsche so
power is merely an impersonal description of life, freely—“the literary expression of a soul on fire,”
not a defence of tyranny. So, too, the idea that “power to write with blood”—that one wonders
the mass exists for the benefit of superior per- at his inability to make this the significant em-
sons, is not so much an ideal as a sober analysis phasis, as it should be in a judgment of any poet-
of the inevitable in a society where all do not philosopher. But it is to the “dangers of
strive-as Nietzsche would have them toward Nietzsche" that he is most alive. The cult of
harmless and creative expressions of power. The pride, the seductions of immoralism, the unbri-
Eternal Recurrence has not the ethical signifi- dled individualism, the regression to the doctrine


1917]
391
THE DIAL
of the natural inequality of man, the recrudes- teen contributors, is edited by William Harbutt
cence of pagan morality,—all these are held up Dawson. It discusses the problems of empire
before the frightened reader as scarecrows to and citizenship, national efficiency, social reform,
warn him off. That is why Dr. Figgis's book is and national finance and taxation. The articles
dangerous if it is taken seriously as an adequate written by Viscount Haldane, Sir Joseph Comp-
discussion of Nietzsche. It must be credited,
It must be credited, ton-Rickett, Dr. W. Garnett, Professor S. J.
however, with what is perhaps the best short Chapman, G. H. Roberts, and Professor Alfred
sketch of Nietzsche's life to be found in English. Marshall, together with those dealing with social
RANDOLPH BOURNE.
reform, present a clearly defined programme.
Back of this are two dominant motives: (1)
England must regain the markets which neutrals
A World Safe for England
and the United States have appropriated or face
decline; (2) the revelation during the war that
AFTER-WAR PROBLEMS. By the Earl of Cromer
in the past she utilized a mere fraction of her
and Others. (The Macmillan Co.; $2.50.)
productive capacity suggests a possible acquisition
The last few years have witnessed a rapid dis- of foreign markets much in excess of that of the
integration of the laissez-faire theory. Even be- period prior to the war. Germany, of course,
fore the war a man who asserted the right to is a present menace, and Sir Compton-Rickett
conduct his business without respect to public frankly states that it is suicidal to end the war
interest was generally regarded as a last remnant with Germany an efficient industrial and com-
of a once dominant species. Laissez-faire in in- mercial rival. These writers believe the survival
dustry has gone the way of the divine right of of England depends entirely upon the conserva-
kings. But individualism has persisted in rela- tion and development to the utmost of every
tions between nations. The suffering and devas- resource at the command of the nation. This
tation of this war have tragically demonstrated involves, first, an immediate rehabilitation of the
that the conduct of the least among nations vi-
educational system. Viscount Haldane outlines
tally concerns the health of the rudimentary a national programme of education. It will
social organization of which it is a member. A profit Americans as well as Englishmen to read
struggle in which all the resources of one group this. He believes Great Britain must realize at
of nations are pitted against those of another has once the value of an industrially trained citi-
emphasized the vital necessity of conserving each zenry. “Perhaps,” he says, “this world crisis,
citizen and each element of wealth. Govern- with the practical and sharp lessons which it is
ments have coöperated with one another in so teaching, may awaken us, and convince the
intimate a manner and have assumed so many country that it is on the quality of its workers,
functions formerly sacred to the individual that and on nothing short of that, that it must rely
to-day the laissez-faire theory is recognized as if it is to hold its own." This involves the insti-
impossible both within the state and as between tution of continuation schools, trade schools,
states. This is particularly realized in England. facilities for stimulating and encouraging the ad-
There we find the factors which constitute the vancement of capable pupils in the direction of
present strength of England pregnant with after- their talents, the broadening of the secondary
the-war difficulties. The unlocking of vast reser- schools, and a liberalization of the university
voirs of hitherto untouched productive energy, curricula with special reference to scientific and
the entrance of women into all phases of indus- technical training. The state must provide a
try, the increased home production of food prod- universal education which will begin with pre-
ucts, the loyal support of the colonies—all these natal attention to the physical well-being and
demand a reshaping of the domestic organiza- health of the child and extend well into adult
tion and an alteration in the political structure of life. The educational system should serve as a
the empire itself. Great Britain must build
Great Britain must build dragnet for selecting material best fit in every
anew. But the future is pliable; it invites for- department for the service of England.
mation. A realization that a first essential is Education is merely a first step. Sir Comp-
the formulation of a constructive policy and a ton-Rickett and Dr. Garnett suggest a policy of
clear statement of the problems at issue is the governmental activity which is an amplification
motive prompting the publication of "After-War of work already being performed. Localities
Problems."
must continue to acquire natural monopolies such
This book, a compendium of essays by nine- as transportation, gas, water, light, and housing


392
[October 25
THE DIAL
on.
facilities. It will surprise American readers to paid in munition factories and in all industries
find the primary reason given is that of avoid- working upon government contracts has "laid
ing the lack of efficiency that prevails in non- the foundations of a system which, supplemental
competitive industry. Furthermore, government to the operations of trade-unionism, is capable
operation will furnish revenues to lighten the and easy of development till an ample and regu-
excessive burden of future taxation. Similarly lar income is assured every working-class family
the nation must own national monopolies. Gov- in the land." G. E. Roberts, who thus speaks
ernment supervision is to extend over other lines for labor, suggests the extension of a plan which
of business as a means of preventing disastrous evolved out of the dock strike of 1912. It is to
competition, haphazard methods of price fluctu- legalize throughout a trade or district an agree-
ation, and so The policy of creating ment entered into between a substantial body of
committees and bureaus of research and experi- employers and working-people. In industries un-
mentation and closely affiliating government de organized, as agriculture, direct legislation will
partments with the laboratories of universities be necessary to secure a living wage and an
and technical schools is also to be further devel-
attractive environment.
oped. These will conduct experiments and supply The articles dealing with social reform will
information and advice for the benefit of the gov- interest American readers. Social reform is sup-
ernment and business firms. Both Dr. Garnett plemental to labor legislation. Before the war
and Professor Marshall condemn the institution
Parliament was embarked upon a constructive
of a protective system either as a source of reve- programme. The war has not dimmed the im-
nue or as a means of encouragement to infant portance of this. English social workers confi-
industry. Infant industries, important to the dently expect the realization of plans far greater
state, should receive direct assistance in their than those of three years ago.
youth. This is more useful than a protective
But how are these plans to be financed? Will
tariff; "for though the tariff may secure the
the enormous war debt permit it? Professor
home market against the competition of foreign Marshall, the eminent English economist, con-
goods produced at lower cost, in order that for-
tributes an admirable discussion on taxation. He
eign markets may be open to British goods the believes it is possible to finance these policies by a
actual cost of production must be brought down
system of taxation so regulated as not to dis-
to foreign cost, and this reduction is not hastened
courage capital. Income taxes will supercede
by a protective tariff.” Monopolies of mineral
property taxes and the movement to decrease
and other resources of the empire are to be both direct and indirect taxes upon the poor will
granted only to British capital. Government as-
continue. His discussion of the relation of im-
sistance in the form of advice and supervision
port duties to the raising of revenue, the
will extend to the problem of food-production. development of foreign trade, and the stimula-
The war has revealed to England her vulner-
tion of infant industries and food-production is
ability and she means to lessen dependence upon
well worth the study of those Americans who
imported food. W. Joynson-Hicks, a member
consider a high protective tariff a necessary con-
of the Tory party, insists that land must be
sequence of the war. It is also interesting to
divided into small holdings and farmers assisted
read his condemnation of preferential tariff ar-
financially through the institution of land banks
after a manner similar to that adopted for Ire-
rangements designed to benefit Great Britain and
land; while Viscount Haldane emphasizes the
her allies at the expense of the Central Powers.
necessity for agricultural education.
This is the constructive policy presented in the
The labor problem is also discussed in national
book. I might have included Mrs. Fawcett's
terms. The war has demonstrated the effective-
excellent article upon “The Position of Women
ness of scientific management. It has also shown
in Economic Life." Women have entered every
that this need not conflict with the continued
line of industrial work but still are underpaid
improvement of working conditions. Labor in- and little protected. Mrs. Fawcett attributes this
sists that social legislation initiated previous to to political indifference and trade-union preju-
the war continue in force and be further ex- dice. She pleads for justice. It is unfortunate
tended. Employment bureaus will multiply. that the other writers have too little recognized
Insurance against accident, unemployment, sick- women in their vision of a greater England, and
ness, and incapacity has come to stay. The guar- the indifference of the book to the question of
antee of the government that fair wages shall be suffrage after the war is significant.
1


1917]
393
THE DIAL
Jacinto Benavente
I have given prominence to the second and
third portions of the book. The first part is dis-
appointing. Lord Cromer, who writes upon PLAYS BY JACINTO BENAVENTE. Translated by
imperial federation, speaks with the illiberal cau- John Garrett Underhill. (Charles Scribner's
tion of the colonial administrator. He grants,
Sons; $1.50.)
Had Mr. Garrett Underhill presented us
theoretically, the demand of the colonies to
with only two of the four plays that are in this
participate in the foreign policy of the empire
volume—with “The Bonds of Interest" and
(barring Egypt and India), but he would step
"La Malquerida"-we should have been in-
cautiously in disturbing the existing political
structure, and he insists that whatever policy is
clined to accept his high estimate of the dra-
adopted, the voice of England must be dominant.
matic power of Jacinto Benavente. He includes
with these, however, two plays that are decidedly
Bishop Welldon successfully evades discussing the
profound questions one would expect to see
poor in idea and technique-"His Widow's
Husband" and "The Evil Doers of Good."
treated in a chapter on “The State and the Citi-
These two belong to an inferior dramatic talent.
zen." In its stead German barbarism receives at
Moreover, they have the effect of bringing the
his hands a severe drubbing, being painted as the
translator down to his least efficient level. "His
logical outgrowth of the subordination of the
Widow's Husband" and "The Evil Doers of
individual to the state; while he criticizes indi-
Good" are satirical comedies. They must have
vidualism in England upon the ground that
through the establishment of free schools and
had lightness and brightness in their dialogue.
other forms of social legislation the people have
Imagine, then, a passage like this on the first
become so demoralized that when the war came
page of the play which happens to be first in the
selfish interests drowned the voice of patriotism!
volume, "His Widow's Husband":
One infers from his article that opposition to
Everybody, accepts and respects your decisions.
Not invariably, I am sorry to say—especially now
the party in power in time of war (something that I have taken up the suppression of the hips,
perfectly justifiable and worthy in time of peace)
which are fatal to the success of any toilette. Society
was formerly very select in this City, but it is no
and any difficulty one may experience in recon-
longer the same, as you no doubt have occasion to
ciling individual conscience with public control know. Too many fortunes have been improvised, too
are a manifestation of selfish interests in England
many aristocratic families have descended in the scale.
There has been a great change in society. The par-
and of commendable individualism in Germany. venus dominate—and money is so insolent! People
One would expect such a book to discuss the re- who have it imagine that other things can be impro-
lation of the British Empire to a future inter-
vised—as education, for example, manners, good taste.
Surely you must realize that such things cannot be
national organization, but it carefully refrains. improvised. Distinction is a hot-house plant. We
A special article, however, seems necessary on
grow too few gardenias nowadays—like you, my
friend. On the other hand, we have abundance of
“The Cultivation of Patriotism." The alien
sow-thistles.
question is handled purely with reference to the It would be hard to make dramatic dialogue
admission of foreigners to English citizenship.
more prosaic than this.
Nothing is said regarding the serious problem of But the plays that are intrinsically good have
the movements of British subjects within the more liveliness in translation. It is these two
empire; as, for example, that of the Hindu to -“La Malquerida" and "The Bonds of Inter-
British Columbia.
est”-that make us feel that Jacinto Benavente
Consequently, while the book presents a con- has dramatic talent. He is not at all in the
structive national policy for England, it seems class with Strindberg or Tchekhov, for he has
addressed to Englishmen not vitally interested made no discovery either in psychology or tech-
in securing a vision of the needs of the British nique. But he is in the class with his compatriot
Empire as a whole, or really concerned with in- José Echegaray. He has dramatic invention,
ternational welfare. The spirit is, a world safe power of characterization, and he has, too, the
for England. But one raises the question, if ability to impress a certain atmosphere on read-
each nation at the conclusion of war deliberately ers and spectators.
embarks upon a policy of national efficiency "La Malquerida" is melodrama, but melo-
prompted solely by the desire to acquire foreign drama that has distinction by reason of a strange
markets and to attain self-sufficiency at home, reserve that goes through it all. This reserve
what will become of the fruits of the war to end is such that although two people have been mur-
wars, and will such a world be safe for anybody? dered when the play closes and two others are
V. T. THAYER. likely to have their lives ended, we have all the


394
[October 25
THE DIAL
time the impression of smothered fire. The plot so of dialogue. Reading “La Malquerida,” for
might be that of one of the ungovernable plays instance, we easily place Juliana as a servant.
that the Sicilian Players produce. A stepfather But we imagine that she is a maid. The fact
(Estaban) is passionately in love with a girl that she is old or middle-aged and a family re-
(Acacia) who is his wife's (Raimunda's) daugh- tainer gives a significance to her appearance that
ter. She loves him, though to her the passion we miss on a first reading. Moreover, she is
appears as hatred.
Estaban has had one of the married to Rubio, the man-servant, who is Esta-
girl's suitors frightened off and he has the other ban's creature. Had we this information in ad-
murdered. In a Sicilian version of such a plot vance, her hints would have more suggestion
fury would out-top fury. But in this play there for the reader.
is so much restraint in the writing, so much
PADRAIC COLUM.
reserve in the characters, that we get the impres-
sion of quietism rather than of fury. We are
made to feel the gravity and the dignity of the
An Asiatic Frontier
Spanish character all through the play.
“La Malquerida" is a play that might make FROM THE PERSIAN GULF TO ARARAT. By G. E.
a success on the American stage, if put on by one
Hubbard. (E. P. Dutton & Co.; $3.50.)
of our few adventurous producers. The parts
There was a time before the war when we
for the women Raimunda and Acacia have
were extracting the last ounce of romance from
splendid scope. The exposition is needlessly long the fact that our twentieth century had found
and is complicated by unnecessary characters, but
no more frontiers to delimit, no more hinterlands
it could be very easily shortened and simplified.
to protect, no more savage races to whom the
"The Bonds of Interest” is a play in which gramaphone and the sewing machine were sym-
the action is so generalized that the performers bols of western progress. Indeed, the barbed
have the anonymity of puppets. We can imag-
wire of the last outpost had been taken down
ine the players who take the parts of Crispin,
and was rusting about the fields of black, brown,
Leander, Columbine, Polichinelle, Harlequin,
and yellow races on the jungle side of Asia and
Pantaloon, and other characters as simplified,
Africa. So outworn had the subject become in
wearing masks. Crispin, Leander's servant, starts
the hands of editorial writer and diplomatic vale-
things going by his rogueries. He creates for
tudinarian that the stage was busy substituting
his master "the bonds of interest." These,
for the thrills of high finance and big business
being created, make it inexpedient that Leander
the thrills of a plot based upon the haut politique
be discredited as an impostor. The innkeeper of canals and frontiers. And now, once more
whom he owes for entertainment, the poet whom
the price of barbed wire is significant, and,
he has patronized, the duenna whose expectations whether or not the status quo is to be restored,
have been encouraged, the mother whose daugh- this is not the last volume on delimitation we are
ter has been compromised, all find it necessary
to read, nor will our old age be unvexed by the
to push him towards the marriage that makes
intimate confidences of soldiers and diplomats.
his fortune. But "The Bonds of Interest" is
But, in pre-war literature, Mr. Hubbard's
not a comedy of rogueries: everything is made
book deals with the “last frontier" in Asia:
abstract so that we come to see a philosophic indeed, it is the story of a frontier controversy
idea in the play—the dependence of that which
that has lasted between the Turkish and Persian
loves and idealizes upon that which contrives and governments since 1842. Fortunately it is not
gains.
devoted to that tiresome record, nor even to the
The translator by rigidly following a custom dreary business that is concerned with erecting
of the author puts, we think, a needless strain posts and deciding upon natural or artificial bar-
upon the readers of the English version. Bena- riers between the litigants. The author has inci-
vente tells nothing about his characters on the dentally furnished us with a careful description
front page or in the programme; he merely of those regions in Mesopotamia and Persia that
enumerates them-Raimunda, Acacia, Juliana, have been fought over by the British, Russian,
Dona Isabel, and so on. He gives us no advance Turkish, and German armies. A good idea of
information as to their age or their relation to the almost insuperable task faced by the British
one another. In the English version this lack in their advance to Bagdad may be gleaned along
often makes us miss the significance of a page or with attractive glimpses of the country in its


1917]
395
THE DIAL
9)
a
rarer and kindlier moods and aspects. Fauna Shiah. Since Persia is the home of the latter
and Aora, and the pastoral life of the fierce sect, it was allotted to her care, while the Sunni
Kurds, together with the picturesque life and Kurds went to Turkey. Throughout the jour-
customs of the various nomad tribes the British ney the musical Persian was found alongside the
commission encountered, form the material of guttural Arabic. The humors of the expedition
Mr. Hubbard's leisurely pen. Though he was are not forgotten in the discomforts. Water was
captivated, as other writers have been, by the always an important question, and once the
charm of the Kurd, it was nevertheless a Kurd- British camp was pitched beside a delectable
ish bullet which imposed the long convalescence stream, the campers finding, shortly after, that its
that enabled him to collect his impressions. Not chief property was a strong solution of epsom salts.
long after the British, Russian, Turkish, and Fleas were ubiquitous, and the author records
Persian commissions had placed their final mark that the Kurds are compelled to rid themselves
on the frontier line, these Kurds were loosed periodically of this pest by abandoning their
against the defenceless Christians (Nestorians) camps, bag and baggage, and taking refuge in
of the country, and began that systematic butch- the mountains; frequently the British camp was
ery which has extended through Armenia down pitched disastrously close to an old Kurdish site.
to Mount Lebanon.
The Kurd has a gift for phrase: a difficult moun-
Delimiters of Asiatic boundaries seem to agree tain was known as the “Tearer of Pants," and
with commercial travellers on the dislike, re- its neighboring height as the "Breaker of Nails";
marked by Lord Curzon in his essay on frontiers, snipe is known as the “Father of Noses," and
shown by Orientals of the Near East for giving a portly British official was addressed ceremo-
and observing a contract. This, however, is not niously as the "Father of Bellies.” A Kurd chief
to be marvelled at among races that have been, was asked his income by a British officer and
and still are, subject to the Turk. The only promptly named the sum. He was then asked
reason Turkey consented to a boundary com- his perquisites. "Oh," said the chief, "I never
mission was the fact that British and Russian steal." Whereupon the Briton countered:
influences were converging in Persia. The great "Well, then, you're not much of a Kurd.” But
trouble and expense of previous commissions that the laugh was not always on the native. Some
had come to naught might have been increased nomad Lurs, whose staple food is wild honey,
in the present case had not a copy of the carte were told that in England the bees were domes-
identique, the map completed in 1869 and ap- ticated and lived in hives. But they were too
proved as a basis for negotiation, come to light wise for such a traveller's tale. “Ho, ho," said
in a British consulate in Persia—the Ottoman one, “and I suppose when you go up to your
copy had been destroyed by the last sultan. Thus summer pastures you drive them in front of you
the joint commission experienced all the various like sheep!” The intimate glimpses of the
types of frontier problems. They had recourse country and its varied ethnology are certainly
to geographical, racial, linguistic, religious, and more interesting than the perpetual bickering
purely artificial devices, and one regrets that the over such matters as grazing-rights and water-
author retails none of the solutions finally ac- privileges that must have been a diurnal pro-
cepted. Apparently the Turks were in a hurry, gramme. And if Mr. Hubbard's book is more
and for once failed to create the classical diffi- concerned with the human and natural scene
culties they had offered to previous commissions. than with the petty affairs of international jeal-
Among the nomad tribes, when graybeards were ousies in this last frontier of our world before
consulted as to local custom and date, they inva- Armageddon, the fact remains that it is still
riably replied that the land, so far as they remem- politically intriguing, and must continue to be
bered, had belonged to Allah.
after the war. A rich region that has for so long
The charm of Mr. Hubbard's book lies in his lain desolate under the blighting power of the
picture of the interesting variance in customs as Turk may yet fulfil a greater political and eco-
the picturesque tribes and races were encountered nomic destiny under a more benign suzerain,
along the great mountain range that determined when East and West once more begin delimiting
the course of the frontier. In the south, Iranian frontiers, invoking nature, science, and artifice
is separated from Semitic stock, that is, Lur from for the possession of the many acres that the war
Arab. In the north, the tribal Kurds are divided will leave out there basking in the sun.
,
into the two great sects of Islam-Sunni and
W. G. TINCKOM-FERNANDEZ.


396
[October 25
THE DIAL
(0
a
A Parnassian Romance for travel and giving him a word of advice, to
go straight to Alsander. So Norman goes there
THE KING OF ALSANDER. By James Elroy and is met, as all young, fair, tall Englishmen
Flecker. (London: Max Goschen, Ltd.)
should be met, by Peronella, whose countenance
It is, as far as one hears, the only novel of
"was a sweet rose and jasmine garden—but
James Elroy Flecker, and you come upon it not
always, I would have you remember, a garden
by patient searching nor by impetuous calls on
that blossoms by the sea, with vistas of the bay
the publisher, but by happy accident-a sale of
down every alley of the roses, and gleams of blue
"seconds” and rejected novels at Mudie's or the
water glinting behind the trellis of the jasmine,
Times Book Club. For the very existence of this
and the sea air slightly touching the colour of
happy book seems forgotten, even now when every
all the flowers."
last word of Flecker's is so cherished. "The King
Before he can fall properly in love with Pero-
of Alsander" is hardly a last word in Flecker's
tragically brief life; the preface is dated “Bey- nella, Norman is caught in what is technically
known as "a web of intrigue." Alsander has
routh, Syria, 1913,” but for those who have made
not a fad but a companion of his “Golden Jour- the ruling family, is an idiot. The arrogant and
fallen on evil days and the last of the Kradendas,
ney" and have sworn with him “that Beauty lives
bigoted Count Vorza rules in his stead, and only
though lilies die” it is sufficiently precious.
"Here is a tale all romance," he exclaims,
a few patriots remain, who dream of an Alsander
tale such as only a Poet can write for
as great as Florence in her elder day. The Asso-
you,
O
ciation for the Advancement of Alsander chooses
appreciative and generous Public-a tale of mad-
Norman to represent the king, for the king him-
men, kings, scholars, grocers, consuls, and Jews:
self has not been seen by mortal eyes
these
many
a tale with two heroines, both of an extreme and
indescribable beauty: a tale of the South and of
years. Norman is promptly examined for the
sunshine, wherein will be found disguises, myster-
post, rebels at the physical examination, is whip-
ies, conspiracies, fights, at least one good whip- ped, goes to the British consul, and demands that
ping, and plenty of blood and love and absurdity:
the Navy—"what are they wasting coal in the
North sea for" if they can't protect an English-
a very old sort of tale: a tale as joyously improb-
able as life itself."
man from being insulted ?-come to his rescue.
But Arnolfo, the pale and mystic figure of the
If you will, it is a tale of the Prisoner of
Zenda written by a poet who is an artist and has
story, persuades him to accept the position of king
and he is duly crowned. A counter rebellion
a sense of the ridiculous so keen and pervasive
breaks out, because the new king has foresworn
that it begins by spoiling a story and ends by
being a story in itself. Even in this inconsequent
his early love for Peronella when he discovers that
dream of an idle Syrian day Flecker was too
his good angel Arnolfo is, in reality, the Princess
good an artist to neglect his form, too seriously Ianthe, legitimate heir to the throne after the
madman. And so after much bloodshed and a
a Parnassian even in his frivolity to forget his
technique. Indeed it is quite possible to consider
dashing fight, in which the idiot king is killed,
this book a Parnassian protest against the extrava-
Norman marries the princess and becomes the
true ruler of Alsander.
gance and sentimentality of the modern romantic
novel, just as the "Parnasse" itself was a pro-
Whereon the ancient poet reappears at Blain-
test against the same characteristics of French
don, calls down the fairies who knew Norman's
romantic poetry. Only that would be missing mother, and takes Norman's friend to assist at
the fun.
his own disappearance in the tumultuous seas!
“The King of Alsander” begins in the little
I take it that this is a fair plot, to which the
English village of Blaindon, "in some romantic
intelligent reader of the summary can add details:
English spot, Where summer's not so very hot,
the scene in the old shop where Norman is made
And winter not too chill.” Thither, directly to captive; the scene in the castle where the imbecile
the bongmash (which is Blaindon for Bon king knights Norman as his deliverer; the quiet
Marché!), where Norman Price keeps shop when moment at the height of the coronation revels
he is not reading Apuleius, comes an old man, a when Norman, torn by his passion for Peronella,
poet, instilling into young Norman the desire yields in his own despite to the low voice of Ar-
а


1917
397
THE DIAL
nolfo and discovers the princess; the ancestral of interest in social problems, while the pale
glories of Alsander; the Jewish doctor who isn't Nietzscheans would worship him in ecstatic gasps
a bad fellow after all; the riot and the rout. A as a monstrous fine blond beast." There is more
well-printed and easily read book of some 300 of this and more of many things, sly jests and
pages demands no more.
sharp remarks, pointed asides throughout the
But what makes "The King of Alsander” a story, and ineffable good humor.
joyous book, and a perplexity to those who like It is wrong to write seriously about a book
their Anthony Hope straight, is the bubbling and of this type; the only excuse is that one cannot
irrepressible humor of the telling. The maddest write as Flecker did, and to write seriously may
of all modern romances, “The Man Who Was persuade some people to read frivolously. Yet if
Thursday," alone contains more wildness and we are thinking of romance and such things, and
more joy than this book. Thus the introduction if we are wondering a little at these strange Eng-
to Alsander:
lish whose grocer boys become poets if not kings,
Who is there (I should have written in 1820) or who are endlessly provincial, and who colonize
what man of feeling and imagination can be found,
the world, we may reflect on Flecker and on this
who, on contemplating the ineffable grandeur and
unspeakable majesty of Nature, does not ardently
book of his. Because it is intensely English. It
aspire to hold at the same moment communion with revels in the South and sunshine because it has
some divinely tender female heart, to read in those
its roots in
liquid eyes his own reflections purged of their dross
and transmuted into gold, to press those sensitive November Evenings! Damp and still
fingers and thereby lose himself in rapture among They used to cloak Leckhampton Hill,
the gorgeous scenes that astonish and confound his
And lie down close on the grey plain
gaze, to seal those fluttering lips with the memory And dim the dripping window pane.
of an unforgettable moment?
He married a Greek lady;" he lived for the
To resume the use of the English language, Nor-
man felt lonely.
Grecian islands and the Moslem East, but he
Or, Peronella:
never forgot the England which slopes down
I will not give my heroine "plain but interesting
the green and lovely Cotswolds or runs to the sea
features" or "a noble rather than beautiful counte- in the bright sands of Bournemouth. The mys-
nance with intellect shining in her eyes,” or even in
teries of the East and the urgings of adventure
a candid moment declare her to possess “a haunting
plainness all her own." But apart from all this
have been expressed to us best by inland and pro-
there is the truth to consider, and this young girl was vincial folk, by a Conrad or a Louys or a Flecker.
assuredly one of the most perfect women God ever
made by accident or Satan by design.
But when I walk in Athens town
That swims in dust and sun
The trick is by no means a new one, the play
Perverse, I think of London then
of ironic intelligence on a romantic subject is, we
Where God's brave work is done,
are asked to believe, the essence of modernism.
And with what sweep at Westminster
The rayless waters run.
But Mr. Flecker's achievement is extraordinary
in that it leaves and even enhances the romance.
It is this firm rooting in London and the Glou-
Because this is a good tale and a thriller.
cester lanes which makes his feeling for Iskander
His embellishments: “Grave matters of ethics
and Samarkand so authentic in his verse, and it is
are frequently discussed in the course of my
his feeling for God's brave work which makes
story." One of them is the connection between
the flightiness and cheer of Alsander so delightful.
whipping and philosophy; another, quite a good
“Oh shall I never never be home again!” he
one, is concerned with English hypocrisy and
cried. "Meadows of England shining in the rain,
English cleanness in the matter of sex. "For
Spread wide your daisied lawns." He would be
Thackeray, the Irregular Unionist (if so we may
the last to say that it was in this tale all of
style those easy livers), is a scourge of high
romance that he came home. It was a home of
society; for Dickens, he is an ungodly scoundrel, sobriety and decency, a home cultivated and
a scourge of low society; for Thomas Hardy, he
blessed by the very passage of the tender years,
is a noble fellow disregarding the shackles of
and his romance and his poems are not of these
convention; while the late George Meredith in- things. But he would have known that only the
variably punishes the amorous by describing them things he longed for and desired made it possible
as intellectual failures. Today Mr. Shaw would
for him to give such desirable things to the world.
consider Lovelace disreputable owing to his lack
GILBERT VIVIAN SELDES.


398
[October 25
THE DIAL
with us.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
The RAILROAD PROBLEM. By Edward Hun-
gerford. McClurg; $1.50.
PLAYS BY OSTROVSKY. Edited by George
Like the poor, the railroad problem is always
Rapall Noyes. Scribner; $1.50.
In a volume of two hundred and fifty
It takes what amounts almost to genius to pages Mr. Hungerford has told us something of
make a good translation. Perhaps that is why the ills of "the sick man of American business"
so few of the many books rendered into English and has suggested a few palliatives some may
are readable.
There are, after all, not many think them curatives. The book is based on
men with scholarship enough to think in two articles which appeared in such journals as "Col-
languages and at the same time imagination lier's," "Every Week," and the "Saturday Even-
enough to recognize the soul of a phrase and ing Post.” From this one would naturally
give it rebirth in a new tongue. Ostrovsky, the expect it to be written in an easy and entertaining
dramatist contemporary of Tolstoy and Dos- style, and in this he will not be disappointed.
toevsky and Turgenev, presents a difficult prob- In fact, it is just such a volume as one would
lem for the translator. Perhaps that is why the like to read on a railroad journey. Four chap-
English versions of his plays have been so few.
ters deal with labor, two with organized and
His characters, for the most part from the Rus-
two with unorganized, and they are full of inci-
sian merchant class of fifty or sixty years ago,
dents in the everyday life of engineers, conduc-
speak in a racy vernacular of their own. Trans-
tors, and telegraphers, that have a real bearing
lation of the idiom is impossible. To paraphrase of the chapters dealing with the railroads and
on the railroad problem. The same may be said
Moscow slang with Chicagoese is, of course, out
their competitors, and the relation of the rail-
of the question. The translator in the present roads to national defence is stated in a clear and
instance has attempted the betwixt and between
concise way. The good red blood of human life
of colloquial English, and the result is cumber-
runs all through the book. Even the serious stu-
some. Still there is enough of interest in the dent of the railroad problem may profit by its
four plays to make up for the lumbering dialogue. Perusal, for it helps to humanize the whole situ-
The plays made their first appearance in the ation.
fifties and sixties, just a few decades before "An
Old Homestead" initiated the first "school" of BIRDS OF BRITAIN—Their Distribution and
American drama, and yet they are surprisingly
Habits. By A. H. Evans. Putnam's; $1.25.
modern, not only in their merciless realism, but The American nature-loving public is accus-
even to a certain extent in form. They are not tomed to two types of books about birds—first,
patterned after that formula of "big scenes" and the guidebook which tells how to identify them,
"curtains” against which we are only beginning
and second, the popular descriptive stories of
to revolt. They meander as life meanders, full
bird-life. This British book falls in neither
of irrelevant speeches, and at the end they are
class. It is a hybrid. Written primarily for use
likely to offer no resolution, as in "A Protégée
in schools, it fails to meet the American concep-
of the Mistress," or to peter out in inconsequen-
tion of natural-history education because it deals
so plentifully in scientific phrase and classifica-
tial dialogue, as “It's a Family Affair—We'll
tion. It is not helpful as a guidebook because it
Settle it Ourselves." Yet they have dra-
makes no pretense of trying to aid in identifying
matic quality. In spite of an Elizabethan ten-
birds, except incidentally through the many
dency toward unnecessary soliloquies, allegorical photographs which accompany the text. All the
names for very real characters, and speeches
birds which visit Great Britain are described un-
hurled robustly over the footlights at the audi- der their respective families. It is the family,
ence, Ostrovsky's plays are, in the main, the sort
however, not the species, which is made the centre
of plays one would like to see on the American of descriptive interest. The popular study of
stage. To expect such plays is not demanding birds in Great Britain is far behind nature study
too much of our playwrights, for Ostrovsky is in the United States. This book is just one
not a genius. He is simply the scribe of a chang- evidence of the lack of adequate facilities for
ing time, noting with some faithfulness its effect bringing bird-life close to the school and the
upon a portion of society. And yet, as histories
home. There are excellent guidebooks to British
of Russian manners during the years immediately and European birds, though there are still lack-
preceding and following the emancipation of the ing those popular, intimate, highly illustrated
serfs, and as masterpieces of characterization, nature-books which bring the boy and girl of
these plays have much to give the American stu- the average suburban and country home in Amer-
dent of the drama, even through the medium of ica so close to wild life. This book, intended
an inadequate translation.
for children, does not meet such a need.


1917]
399
THE DIAL
>
A SCALE OF PERFORMANCE Tests. By read of how Robert Louis Stevenson, not being
Rudolf Pintner and Donald G. Paterson. very much interested in chemistry, would “mani-
Appleton; $2.
fest the greatest adroitness in drawing Robertson
Mental testing promises to become so tech-
Smith, who was then teaching chemistry, from
nical a pursuit that manuals of the art are in- the arid deserts of physical science into the
dispensable. Mental tests aim to
tangled thickets of theological discussion, and he
measure
capacity by the double method of finding what always succeeded in keeping him there as long
a child (or, for that matter, an adult) knows
as he liked." The essay most likely to appeal to
and what he can do. Knowledge is more or less
the lay reader is the one on “Hate." Basing his
incidental, even accidental; though the immunity conclusions on the work done by Cannon as to
from its acquisition in a constantly inviting and
the function of the adrenal glands, Professor
stimulating environment argues incapacity. But Shipley thinks that the function of hate is, phy-
doing seems to stand nearer to ability. On the siologically, simply that of placing men in a
basis of this conception Professors Pintner and position to put forth their utmost physical ef-
Paterson have developed a graded series of tests
fort. There are two articles of interest to the
based entirely on performance, though necessar-
literary historian: “Zoology in the Time of
ily using the material of identification, recogni- Shakespeare" and "The Revival of Science in
tion, and perception of logical relations, which
the Seventeenth Century.”
enters as readily into doing as into knowing.
Such tests must be tried out and a standard of
ITALY AT WAR. By Herbert Vivian.
performance for each age determined. The
Dutton; $2.50.
standard then becomes an available yardstick to
This is a different sort of book from Mr.
determine mental stature, particularly with ref-
Alexander Powell's volume of the same name
erence to notable defector proficiency. The and approximately the same date of publication.
programme is admirably carried through, with Mr. Vivian writes as an observant rambler who
abundance of well-arranged tables and sufficient chanced to be footing it through Italy at the time
interpretation to show the bearing of the results Prince von Bülow was given to understand that
and warn against sources of error.
There are his presence in Rome was no longer desired.
so many types of children to be tested for whom Thus the Italian people's attitude to the great
the medium of language is not suitable—the deaf, issue of the day is presented with the insight and
the speech-defective, the foreign, and even the the accuracy of one familiar with the ways of the
nervous—that performance-tests have a peculiar common folk and speaking their language (as
significance. In view of the fact that the pres- also several other European tongues). Note-
ent war is to see tried on an unprecedented scale worthy is the author's emphasis upon the
the method of testing recruits to gauge their too little suspected perpetration of Austrian
rank, in comparison with other forms of exam- atrocities. Frightfulness he shows to be not
ination and estimate, psychology is to find an exclusively a Prussian product. Such books as
unusual practical application, by which the value Mr. Vivian's and Mr. Powell's are especially
of the art is likely to be demonstrated. Equally welcome, even especially needed, at this time to
has its application to the disqualified in mental set forth the extraordinary skill and heroism with
and moral make-up, against whom society must which Italy is quietly carrying through an ar-
protect itself, made the subject of great moment. duously (and literally) up-hill task. Might not
a little more power at her elbow, just now, enable
STUDIES IN INSECT LIFE. By Arthur her to end the war for us by pushing on to Lai-
Everett Shipley. T. Fisher Unwin; 10s.6d. bach and Vienna and thence into Germany, if
Professor Shipley has collected in this volume
not actually to Berlin?
a number of previously published articles and
addresses. They are all so written as to be
THE STREET OF INK. By H. Simonis.
Funk & Wagnalls; $3.
intelligible to the lay reader and they are of
more than passing interest. In one of the studies,
Though not all that its subtitle claims for it,
"Insects in War," there is presented an aspect
this anecdotal retrospect down the length of
Fleet Street is a remarkably interesting and in-
of the problem of army life that is not likely to
have occurred to the average man. Three essays
forming book, being from the pen of a shrewd
observer with a retentive memory who for twen-
are given to bees and wasps and two to the
development of oceanography. Among the lat-
ty-two years has been an active journalist in the
famous “street of ink” that gives its name to the
ter there is an interesting study of Sir John volume. Mr. Simonis is at present director of
Murray, the founder of that science, with some
the London “Daily News" and "Star," and his
sidelights on university life in Edinburgh in the
fund of personal reminiscence goes far toward
late sixties. Modern chemists will be amused to justifying the publishers' assertion that he has met


400
[October 25
THE DIAL
ron.
practically everyone worth knowing in London Others have written of the ruins of Ypres and
journalism during the period covered by his ram- Rheims, but it remained for Loti to tell us of
bling narrative. An intimate history of recent their melancholy beauty. He shows them as they
English journalism the book may well call itself, look in the twilight; he calls up the spirit that
but outside of England we have only a single was intrinsically theirs, and finds the inner mean-
chapter on “The American and French Press.” ing of their desecration in the desire on the part
The writer's fondness for illustrative anecdote of the Prussians to destroy the very heart of
contributes no little to the entertaining quality of ancient France. He throws an exquisite glamour
his pages, though occasionally the application of around Ypres, portraying the cathedral and the
the story to the subject it is intended to illus-
great belfry projecting their silhouettes against
trate is not so obvious as it might be; but a timely the sky, seemingly congealed, gesturing with
word pointing out this application now and then broken arms; and he conjures up the mournful
helps us out of the difficulty.
surroundings in which Ypres is now lost. Then,
Loti-like, he shows us three or four little girls
OUTPOSTS OF THE FLEET. Stories of the
escaped from the cellars which sheltered them
Merchant Service in War and Peace. By and dancing around in the square beneath the
Edward Noble. Houghton Mifflin; 60 cts. phantom belfry.
That heroes of the merchant marine should, as For the Loti-lover this book holds the pleas-
a rule, receive but scant recognition seems very ure of anticipation and of realization.
unjust to Mr. Edward Noble, and his present
collection of stories will possibly do something
THE MEXICAN PROBLEM. By C. W. Bar-
toward causing the creation of an order or simi-
Houghton Mifflin; $1.
lar honor to be bestowed on them. To the ordi- Granting that all the facts are as stated by
nary perils of the deep are now added the risks Mr. Barron, that he is not far out of the way
and the terrors of war, as is vividly brought out in his deductions, and that his little book is
in such tales as “Torpedoed” and “Homeward worthy of attention, he but touches the surface
with Grain," which, with seven other short of the Mexican problem as it exists to-day; and
pieces, make up the contents of the book. Most, the problem to-day is very different from what
if not all, of these sea-yarns have already seen it was only a year ago. In his foreword he leads
the light in various British journals, but are us to understand that he will demonstrate that
none the worse for that. At least they are new the development of the oil fields of our neigh-
to American readers. They speak eloquently of bor to the south will prove the true solution.
the tragedy of the good ship done to death, with In fact, the solution of the problem must come
passengers and crew, by the furtive submarine. before the oil fields can be satisfactorily operated.
As he truly says, economic progress is only pos-
WAR. By Pierre Loti. Lippincott; $1.25.
sible where government is firmly established,
where disorder is suppressed, and where the
In the perusal of this new volume by Loti,
it is brought home to one again how inexplicably hint as to how this is to be accomplished. Really
courts mete out justice to all. He has given no
and beautifully his manner and matter are fused.
his title is misleading. His whole theme is found
He treats of the usual subjects—two Belgian
in the two affiliated oil companies—the Pan-
child refugees, the soldiers, the ruined cathedrals, American in California and the Mexican Petro-
the battle line—but in the atmosphere of this leum.
book, one sees everything bathed and refreshed.
The author says that the United States can
The sketch of the refugees touched us more than never take its proper attitude toward its sister
anything we have read regarding the war, yet it republic until two popular, but false, impres-
is by no means harrowing, but is colored with a
sions are removed. First, that the natural
whimsical humor. He happily awakens in the wealth of the country has furnished a base for
reader his amused, hopeful pity for the children. contending business interests from the States to
In all the sketches of personages, he characteris- promote Mexican quarrels; and second, that the
tically avoids the obvious and the crudely emo- land question is at the bottom of those troubles.
tional. Even in the story of his visits to the It is true that the land question was only a tem-
King and Queen of Belgium, where his self- porary war-cry, for every attempt to give land
consciousness is most apparent and where his to the natives has proved a failure. On the
d'Artagnan-like adoration might render him other hand, there is much to show that the
ridiculous, there is perfect artistic restraint. As Madero revolution was fomented by certain
for the horrors of war, they are shown without business interests in this country in order to get
squeamishness but with no wallowing in awful- rid of Diaz, and thus obtain greater power.
ness.
Attention is called to the wavering policies of


1917]
401
THE DIAL
President Wilson in dealing with the Mexican A GERMAN DESERTER'S WAR EXPERI-
situation. Everyone familiar with the situation ENCE Translated by J. Koettgen. Huebsch;
will agree that "We have no right to strike down $1.
the governments of Mexico one after another Serial publication in German and the appear-
and refuse to the government and people finan- ance of specimen chapters in English had already
cial, business, and political assistance." The real prepared a welcome for this anonymous narra-
problem is that of "one civilization and one tive upon its publication in book form. The
order, one rule and procedure, in contact writer's deep hatred of war and all its works,
with another civilization, another order, pro- not only the actual bloodshed and cruelty, but
cedure and morality.” This problem was also the unnatural and humiliating relations of
what the Diaz administration was scienti- men to officers in the German army itself, speaks
fically studying and beginning to solve, as the in every page and explains this pacific soldier's
publication of Peust's monograph demonstrated. determined and at last successful attempt to get
It is true that “at the present time the larger free of the whole loathsome business. A dash
part of the good people of Mexico are children
across the Dutch boundary and an Atlantic voy-
who want to be in debt and at the same time
age as stowaway accomplished the end in view,
care-free." The average peon suspects and and we leave the author enlisted in the ranks of
avoids the owner of a hacienda who will not per- American socialism as a fighter against capital-
mit him to sell himself into peonage. Very few ism, to the pernicious power of which he ascribes
have sufficient persistent energy to make good the war. The whole story is told with the vivid-
industrial operatives. They do not want oppor- ness that comes of recent deep and indelible im-
tunity to labor. We solved the Indian problem pressions of soul-stirring experiences.
by driving the Indians from the soil and exter-
minating them. Mexico has tried to solve it by
GERMANISM FROM WITHIN. By A. D.
protecting these child peoples and at the same McLaren. Dutton; $3.
time stimulating those found worthy of indus-
trial activity.
It is easy to be wise after the event; hence the
multitude of what may be called ex post facto
prophets of the war. Nevertheless Mr. A. D.
HENRY THOREAU AS REMEMBERED BY A
McLaren, in his presentation of the symptoms
YOUNG FRIEND. By Edward Waldo Em-
long since pointing to Germany's present violent
erson. Houghton Mifflin ; $1.25.
malady, writes with a first-hand knowledge of his
Dr. Emerson, who was about seventeen years subject that commands the reader's serious at-
old when Thoreau died, has retained through the tention. For thirty years, he tells us, Germany
fifty-five years since that premature death some has been the core of his thought, and the last
vivid memories of the strangely gifted man who seven of these years he spent in close con-
was a frequent visitor at the Emerson house and tact with Germans of all sections and classes.
a favorite elder playmate and sagacious coun-, Finally, his residence in the country and his study
sellor of the Emerson children. The remem- of its institutions were rounded off by an eight
brances now presented in book form were in part months' sojourn in the concentration camp at
first given to interested hearers twenty-seven
Ruhleben. Long before the war his purpose had
years ago in the form of a lecture designed to been formed to produce an exhaustive analysis
correct prevalent misapprehensions as to both of German Kultur; and though his present book
Thoreau's character and the events of his life. falls short of being exhaustive, it gives far more
Amplified now with passages from the journals than a superficial view of the various activities
of both Thoreau and the writer's father, and and characteristics and tendencies in which stu-
enlivened with scraps of personal reminiscence dents of Germany have been and still are inter-
from some of Thoreau's contemporaries, these ested. One leading purpose of the book is "to
illuminating glimpses of a strongly marked and bring to the surface some of the hidden forces
splendidly independent but too often misunder- and strivings long at work in Germany, to show
stood personality are a welcome addition to the the trend of contemporary feeling and policy as
rather meagre literary product called forth by something more than an externality or an aber-
the Thoreau centennial. In this little book ration, and allow Deutschtum to unfold itself,
Thoreau the idealist stands justified for his re- its attitude to a wonderful age, its 'mission' to
fusal to devote the best years of his life to pencil- the English mind." Thus the book is no mere
making and money-getting. That he should have by-product of the war. It is the careful work of
been thought by a competent authority to need a patient observer who has for thirty years been
any such justification at this late day is note- studying the politics, industry, education, char-
worthy.
acter, and ideals of the German people.


402
[October 25
THE DIAL
NOTES ON NEW FICTION
Edward Scrope is unconvincing, the soul is a
real creation.
In some books a great character is created; It is worse than useless to attempt to condense
for which all else is forgiven. But in “The Soul into a few sentences Mr. Wells's evolution of
of a Bishop" (Macmillan; $1.50), Mr. H. G. true religion out of false creeds. That to which
Wells has produced only a soul, a busy, inquisi- so powerful a writer has devoted an entire book
tive, aspiring soul, a solitary and almost disem- cannot be thus compressed with fairness either
bodied soul, in custody of a bishop-not the to him or to the reader. It is better simply to
bishop, because no such definite person comes into record that the soul is hard-thinking, hopeful,
being. A bishop, who wears gaiters, accompanies and unafraid. Many, who are to-day making a
the soul through the 300 pages of its purgatory, long-neglected search into their own spiritual
a bishop who suggests in his detachment from the natures and finding plumbless depths, vast unex-
suffering soul and in his own impersonality that plored spaces, and unconquerable heights, will
he is only a counterfeit presentment of H. G. find intense interest in the experiences of this
Wells leading around the Wells soul for pur- soul of a bishop, and at the journey's end come
poses of public exhibition. Those who are fond
to a like understanding with Mr. Wells: "Faith
of Mr. Wells must perforce feel affection for is a sort of tour de force. A feat of the imag-
his very interesting soul and find pleasure and ination. . . One perceives it clearly only in rare
satisfaction in its development.
moments.” If the reader is incapable of one of
Sympathetically, one wishes that the environ- those "rare moments” in which he can perceive
ment provided had been more real and attrac- the value of this soul's confession, he should not
tive. The scenes and characters of the book ascribe his failure to Mr. Wells, who has not
have the artistic bareness of the stage-settings only delivered a message of high inspiration, but
of ultra-modern drama. It is left to the imag- has striven painstakingly to make the value of
ination to complete the background. Neither the that message clear to all minds not sealed in with
palace at Princhester in which we find the soul, stupidity or intellectual arrogance.
with a bishop, nor the dark and crowded little
Like a good many actors, Mr. Will N. Har-
London house in which we leave the soul with ben, author of "The Triumph" (Harper;
one Edward Scrope, formerly a bishop, is a hab- $1.40), finds it harder to put himself into a
itable residence. But their fatness serves as a straight part than a character part. The South
consistent setting for the vague minor characters
of the negro, the carpet-bagger, and the eccen-
who move around up stage. Mr. Wells almost tric and despised Yankee of Civil War times, is
apologizes for the few "domestic details” he very real to him. It is when he tries to portray
gives, “irrelevant as they may seem in a spirit- the South through the character of the old-time
ual history," and it is plain that he regards the southern gentleman that he falls somewhat short
supporting cast of his star soul as equally irrele- of verisimilitude. His point of view is of one
vant. Lady Ella, wife of a bishop, wanders on who sees situations and events in a broad way,
and off the stage and furnishes the righteous, and who interprets them through his knowledge
colorless foil for an unrighteous, colorful adorer of the average man—with his oddities, his stupidi-
of the soul's attendant. This indiscreet adorer,
ties, his pretensions. Mr. Harben makes us feel
Lady Sunderbund, almost comes to life in her
the overpowering importance to the men and
childish sorrow when an unfrocked bishop re- women of the sixties of the things that to-day
fuses her offer of a garish temple for the ne seem unimportant. He really has a good point
religion the soul is creating. Then the soul, to make, and he makes it in spite of the common-
possibly fearing the competition of any other place melodrama to which his plot lends itself.
reality, promptly ends Lady Sunderbund's hopes
"My Mother and I," by E. G. Stern (Mac-
and with them her momentary existence.
millan: $1), describes the loftier and rarer as-
Mr. Wells has put all his great power of pect of immigration. It carries the conviction
thought and expression into the monologue of the that behind the "problem" there are high ideals
soul—which is the purpose of his writing. The shaping the courses of our second-generation for-
action is incidental. The soul moves about, ges- eigners, carrying individuals through education
ticulates, postures, disrobes, flagellates itself, and, and change to an Americanism that reflects a
through a series of strenuous contorting exer- truer conception of liberty than our proverbial
cises, transforms a sickly, feeble, and inert soul- native spread-eagleism. The immigrant with as-
existence into a ruddy, muscular, and energetic pirations meets the educational reformer in a
soul-force. In order to embody this spiritual singleness of purpose that creates the most legiti-
history the author ostensibly transforms Edward mate hope for American democracy. It is such
Scrope, bishop of the orthodox church, into Ed- an immigrant that the present author describes,
ward Scrope, a servant of God. But whereas in a narrative of simplicity and charm.
-


1917]
403
THE DIAL
Patience Worth's three-hundred-thousand- acterization shallow. The plot has one ques-
word novel, “The Sorry Tale" (Henry Holt; tionable merit: the insouciance with which it
$1.90), was dictated, we are told, letter by let- deals with certain bodily functions that we are
ter, by means of the ouija board to Mrs. John usually taught to regard as pornographic. That
H. Curran, of St. Louis. Men and women of such a story offends so little is due largely to the
intelligence and discretion witnessed the phe- charm of the author's style. (Knopf; $1.50.)
nomenon in part and were even sharers in it. With “Understood Betsy" (Holt; $1.30)
They vouch for the authenticity of the spirit- Dorothy Canfield returns to the scene of her
author and her graciousness. When passages of "Hillsboro People.” Betsy, a little girl who has
particular difficulty appeared, she would stop her been too vigorously understood by her Aunt
tale to comment upon them; and when the book Frances, is brought into the sensible companion-
was completed, she even went so far as to desig- ship of her country cousins, and thereby changes
nate to Mrs. Curran in the presence of her pub- from an incipient neurotic into a healthy young-
lishers in New York her choice of binding and ster that everyone who reads her story will like.
cover design. It appears, therefore, that “The The book is intended primarily for children, but
Sorry Tale" is Patience Worth's own, from title Mrs. Fisher with her usual insight has touched
to finis.
upon a modern tendency in education with an
The story is laid in the time of Christ, and irony that will be appreciated by their elders.
concerns itself principally with the son of a re- This is a relatively slight tale but one that will
jected Roman courtesan and Tiberius Cæsar, not lessen her reputation as a thoughtful and
Hatte by name, whose life is exactly synchronous clever writer.
with Christ's, though appallingly antipodal. The Those who like books as well as those who like
contrast is made strikingly manifest in the scene people will get a vast amount of pleasure out of
on Calvary, when the incarnation of hate and Christopher Morley's “Parnassus on Wheels"
the incarnation of love hang side by side on (Doubleday, Page; $1.25). This is the woman's
crosses in reality of their own rearing. The side of "Adventures in Contentment, and its
plot, stripped of verbiage, is consistent and whimsical humor in showing the domestic tem-
straightforward; many of the incidents are amaz- per of the literary vagabond will meet with
ingly dramatic or poetic; and the presentation of wide appreciation. This is the story of a "liter-
the life then extant in Palestine is accurate and ary" farmer's sister, who revolts and takes to the
full. To find these things, however, the average open road on her own account. Her misadven-
reader will have to master a style that is neither tures and the philosophy of the "Perfessor,"
fish nor fowl-in part the language of the whose book-van supplies her with the oppor-
Stuarts, in part the language of metaphysics. tunity to escape the career of domestic drudge,
Largely, however, the language is that of Pa-
make unusually good reading. Mr. Morley com-
tience Worth, a strange and tedious mixture of bines genuine understanding of the “bookish”
beauty and prolixity. When Caanthus says,
temperament with humor that is irresistible.
“Thou art long, Panda, long. . . Tarry not,'
Mr. Wallace Irwin exhibits greater talent in
we breathed an "amen” in the general direction
the choice of a title for his new volume than
of the unseen author.
in the stories themselves. The book is called
"Everything here is melodious, old-world, and
"Pilgrims into Folly" (Doran; $1.35) and at
set to a measure: like a minuet of Bocherini.”
first sight one wonders whether Mr. Irwin is
So says Sir Harold Carne in a letter to his friend
not himself one of the Pilgrims, for it is a little
Launcelot Moult, Esquire, in "Dandelions," a difficult to imagine the creator of Hashimura
first novel by a new writer, Coulson T. Cade. Togo being highly successful in the field of
If the story were the consummation of all its
serious fiction. But in the course of these "ro-
author evidently wished for it, this statement of mantic excursions" he shows that he is capable
Sir Harold's would be its best possible descrip- of entering imaginatively into the lives of ideal-
tion. There is charm and to spare in the pic- ists who will sacrifice bodily comfort, public rec-
tures of English country life that are presented ognition, or obvious happiness in behalf of a
in dissolving succession; the felicitous chapter more uncertain, though greater, satisfaction.
headings suggest something of the color and the One story, "He Shot the Bird of Paradise,"
old-fashioned fragrance of the descriptive pas- stands out from the rest. It has subtlety and
sages: "Pear-Drops," "Tulips," "Larks and
suspense, and is marred only by a touch of ama-
Buttercups," "Spice," "Roses," and so forth. But teurishness-
teurishness-a criticism that applies to the entire
the machinery of Mr. Cade's narrative rumbles volume. Mr. Irwin is still a little uncertain of
and groans too audibly at too frequent intervals; his powers, but the present book has definite
the plot is superficial, even flimsy, and the char- promise.


404
[October 25
THE DIAL
CASUAL COMMENT
can have no other result than to alienate the
sympathy of the very youth who are bearing the
IN RESIGNING FROM THE FACULTY OF Colum-
burden at the front. Professor Beard is one of
bia University as a protest against the dismissal
the few who understand the new spirit, with its
of Messrs. Cattell and Dana, Professor Charles
passion for genuinely constructive service, and
A. Beard has performed a public service of the
one hopes that in leaving Columbia he may find
first importance. The vigorous and candid let-
a broader field in which to serve the interests of
ter in which he gives his reasons for an act in- the kind of democracy to which he is attached.
volving great personal sacrifice squarely raises at
last an issue that will have to be faced, not in
Columbia alone, but in every other university in IN A RECENT NUMBER OF THE “Mercure de
the country. Shall a group of trustees "who are France," M. André Maurel sweats and labors
reactionary and visionless in politics, and narrow at a gigantic task of demolition. He is engaged
and mediæval in religion,” determine what our in battering away, with the nib of a pen, at the
educators are to teach ? Is the truth to be what foundations of "Jean-Christophe," that huge
such men happen to believe or find it to their in- structure of ten volumes reared to the glory of
terest to impose upon others? Is the status of a “humanitarian lie.” You fancy that such a
the professor to remain precisely that of the day task, undertaken with such a weapon, is a little
laborer? Is he to be subject to dismissal at the formidable? By no means; for the ruin is al-
will of trustees who are accustomed to deciding ready half accomplished. “Dans ce marécage
such questions according to their ideas of what is silésien s'écroule la statue de Monsieur Jean-
reputable and permissible? Are his colleagues Christophe Krafft, entraînant avec elle l'oeuvre
on the faculty to have nothing to say as to his entière de M. Romain Rolland." The French
fitness? If so, then there can be no freedom. In have understood Jean-Christophe only since the
making a stand for the democratization of uni- war began. He seemed mild in spite of his art-
versity control, Professor Beard occupies the ist's violence; he was clearly an idealist, a musi-
strongest possible position. He was one of the cian steeped in dreams. He died innocently
most brilliant members of the faculty. His views enough on the eve of the invasion, but M. Mau-
are not those of the men dismissed. He is not a rel points out subtly that he died happy. Why
pacifist. His attitude to the war has never been happy? Was it not precisely because he had
doubtful. He was, in fact, one of the first to urge served the fatherland loyally as a spy? M. Mau-
that we take our place beside the Allies, and in his rel proves to his own satisfaction that "Jean-
letter of resignation he reiterates his conviction Christophe" is essentially a German novel.
that we “should now press forward with all our Jean-Christophe is expansive; he insists on the
might to a just conclusion." Himself in thor- right of the individual to take what he can use
ough sympathy with the ruling majority, he has and to take it wherever he can find it. Applied
had the courage and the fine idealism to protest to nations this is the familiar philosophy of might.
in the most effective way against the growing M. Rolland's philosophy is the philosophy of
tendency to terrorize and coerce minority opin- force! "Jean-Christophe" is German in form.
ion, to substitute “curses and bludgeons” for ar- Who ever heard of a Frenchman sprawling
gument; thus the implications raised by his letter through ten volumes, treating a life, hour by
stretch far beyond the immediate struggle in the hour, from the cradle to the grave, sweeping in
universities. His act is one of the truest patriot- the whole of civilization? This lack of measure
ism, and it comes at a time when it is not too late and sweet reasonableness-how can one think of
to substitute vision for violence in our treatment it as French ? No; the war has quite undone M.
of the disaffected minority. Bitterness and pas-
Rolland and all his works; and with an amazing
sion are accumulating in direct proportion to the generosity M. Maurel hands them over to the
success with which the intolerant and reaction- enemy.
It is a mistaken generosity at a time
ary elements in our population are assuming to
when his country is sacrificing its most promising
represent our national attitude in the war and
youth in the trenches; for even in normal times
to suppress all discussion of aims and policies as
what country is likely to offer us a "Jean-Chris-
seditious. There is in all this, as the revolt of
tophe" every decade?
the Columbia students clearly shows, a tragic fail-
ure on the part of the middle-aged directors of
A CHICAGO NOVELIST WAS COMPLAINING bit-
opinion, university trustees, and so on, to under- terly the other day of the isolation in which he
stand the psychology of youth, whether in or out has to do his work. A man set down in the midst
of the trenches. The old shibboleths and catch- of commercialism has to be altogether self-fertil-
words no longer rouse the traditional response izing. Ideas may come to him from the air and
and the effort to make them the test of loyalty set his mind aglow, but there is none of that
A
--


1917)
405
THE DIAL
swiftness and amplitude of suggestion which ties. Oxford, with its strong classical traditions,
is possible where the cross-fertilization of other is the home of orthodoxy. Its leaders, from Gil-
minds occupied with the same problems enriches bert Murray to L. P. Jacks, have revealed
and fortifies his own. He spoke with envy of themselves as the defenders of the government,
the fortunate workmen who are able to utilize pamphleteers and propagandists at need. Cam-
other men's brains without fear of infringing a bridge, on the other hand, with its mathematical
copyright. They pool their intellectual capital and scientific bent, is the home of Bertrand Rus-
and each is able to draw from the common source sell, Lowes Dickinson, "the most philosophical
much more than he had put in. They gather and persuasive advocate of peace without vic-
at a table; someone produces a likely idea; it is tory," and the conductors of the “Cambridge
tossed here and there, mauled and dissected, Magazine," the "most resolute band of academic
turned inside out, reduced to essentials and internationalists." Mr. Ratcliffe adds that the
forced to yield up its last bit of value. The reasons for the contrast might not be hard to
result is bound to be illuminating and immensely divine, but he contents himself with recalling
helpful to the writer who wants to develop the that "long ago Kant remarked upon the tendency
idea in a work of art. There is indeed a great of scientific studies toward intellectual remote-
deal to be said for this sort of community think- ness from the passions of contemporary affairs."
ing, but it has one grave drawback. It offers to Now that the struggle is on between the classi-
the vanity of the artist a response so immediate cists and the advocates of science, the attitude of
and uncritical as to be demoralizing. Why wait the two great universities is not without its sig-
for the applause of a vague and probably indif- nificance. Does the classical discipline naturally
ferent public when you can saunter into a café select minds that are relatively unadventurous,
and steep yourself in the warmth of more or less infertile, precedent-loving, respectful of author-
expert approval? No doubt it is possible for the ity, and impatient of change? It we were to
coterie to produce its great men, but they are a judge by some of the leading "humanists" of our
tough-fibred lot who know precisely how much own country, we could hardly be in doubt.
to value group enthusiasm.
WHAT WILL LITERATURE BE LIKE after the
LIBRARIES SERVING A SPECIAL CLASS OF READ- war? One often hears that it will be "nobler"
ERS have been obliged to meet the challenge of than before, and people who talk in that vein
the war in various ways. The question presented point out that the actual will be too harsh for
itself whether it would be better in some cases war-frayed nerves. Men will take books as a
to abandon that specialization of function which narcotic. Perhaps. But if we look at some
had distinguished them in peace times. Mr. W. of the most vital books that have come to us
N. C. Carlton, the librarian in charge of the from the trenches, we notice a different temper
Newberry Library in Chicago, felt that, so far at work. There is often a relentless focusing
as his institution was concerned, it would be of the horror, a will to realize it to the full. to
wiser to reach an accommodation with the ex- speak for once of the unspeakable. Take Henri
ceptional conditions than to depart from the li- Barbusse's "Under Fire." You can't help feeling
brary's special field, and the solution he worked in that book an amazing lift and stir, a renewal.
out seems altogether admirable. He assembled But what is the source of that feeling? It is
all the books dealing with the culture, the his- "the vision of the thrill of reason, logic and sim-
tory, and the customs of the countries at war plicity” that shook the men of his squad “like a
with Germany on shelves easy of access, and fit of madness." It is the confused effort to
supplemented the collection with a gallery of think things out. War must be banished. Yes,
photographs, color-prints, and etchings showing but to get rid of war, one must first get rid of
the architectural glories and the scenery of the privilege, of prejudice and injustice.
“'That
allied countries. “I wanted everyone who came would be fine!' said one. "Too fine to be true!'
into the room to realize the grandeur of the civ- said another. But the third said, 'It's because
ilization that had been attacked,” said Mr. Carl- it's true that it's fine. It has no other beauty,
ton, "and in doing that I believe that I have most mind! And it's not because it's fine that it will
effectively fulfilled the purpose of the Newberry come.
It's because it's true that it has to
Library."
be.'” There is plenty of idealism here, but it is
an idealism eager to use the mind as an instru-
IN DISCUSSING THE ENGLISH INTELLECTUALS ment to realize the dream. If such is the temper
IN WARTIME in the current “Century,” Mr. S. of many of the young generation in the trenches,
K. Ratcliffe reminds us once more of the posi- there is little reason to fear a food of "noble"
tion occupied by the two old English universi- books.


406
[October 25
THE DIAL
COMMUNICATIONS
RAGS AND IMMORTALITY.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
Some time ago a friend of mine issued a book,
and of course one should think no less of him for
that. To put forth a volume, indeed, might increase
one's personal affection for such a friend and even
arouse a legitimate pride in him as one who has
received royal recognition or been knighted for
exceptional service. The authorship of a book, how-
ever, receives from a great many minds the hom-
age given to the bearer of evidences of immortality,
a homage that serves the purposes of a halo, which,
indeed, some authors accept, sometimes consciously
and often unconsciously, at its face value. I recall
a timid débutant in this line telling a friend, that
he had asked a famous senator to write an intro-
duction to his forthcoming volume. "Hump!" said
the friend, “Why should you? Your name will be
known when his will only be in the buried statistics
of mere officials.” The prospective author had a
sense of humor, but he no doubt accepted the halo
subconsciously at least.
Years passed and I was with that young writer
when a publisher, a rival publisher, to be sure,
picked up a copy of his volume and calmly assured
him that it was printed on sulphite wood-pulp pa-
per and would last only a few years; "not a rag
in it,” he added, as he tolled the knell of subcon-
scious hopes. The victim confessed to me that he
supposed he had written his book merely to con-
tribute to the knowledge of his own generation, but
that a slight wrenching of the machinery in the
cardiac region revealed to himself a subconsciously
held halo of immortality,
The other friend, with whom I began this letter,
was "wiser in his generation,” and with a sense of
humor also. When asked by his publisher what
kind of paper he preferred, he answered, without
batting an eye: “One that will last, say, about
seven hundred years”; to which modest reply, the
dispenser of immortality promptly showed him a
sample sheet, adding: "Here's the stuff; it is 33
per cent rags.'
.” To have a Sphinxian secret like
that spoken aloud seemed incredible to my friend,
and he passed it on to me as the sesame of immor-
tality-of all sizes; for, if 33 per cent rags will
produce 700 years of immortality, 1 per cent ought
to give 25 years and—mirabile dictu—100 per cent
would give 2500 years, which ought to satisfy the
most fastidious in immortalities! I am told, too,
that this secret is not copyrighted.
Never before have I been worried about the per-
manency of “rag-time," but the very name now has
a sinister suggestion.
BURTON ALVA KONKLE.
Swarthmore, Pa., October 18, 1917.
rranged in five lines of five, seven, five, seven,
seven syllables respectively. The haikai, or hokku
(literally "first verses"), is a still shorter poem,
of only seventeen syllables, arranged like the first
three lines of the tanka.
The charm of this Japanese "epigram," as
Chamberlain translates tanka, is its suggestive or
impressionistic feature, like the charm of many a
Japanese painting or picture. It does not express
all its meaning, but leaves one to read into it the
full meaning. It is this which makes a Japanese
tanka so difficult, sometimes absolutely impossible,
of translation into expressive English. And it is
especially difficult to translate it into English verse.
However, it is not our purpose now to discuss
the Japanese tanka at length, but to call attention
to what may, perhaps, be termed English tanka.
They have been written by Rev. S. H. Wain-
wright, D.D., secretary of the Christian Literature
Society of Japan, and are published by that society
(Tokyo). The author has been an English teacher
and missionary in Japan for about thirty years
and is well versed in both the Japanese language
and Japanese literature. But his tanka are not
translations; they are original.
The first verselet, which adorns the title-page,
unde a picture of Mount Fuji, is entitled
“Advent" and reads as follows:
In time's long record naught
To perfection has been brought.
Whence Fuji's sudden advent,
Faultless and without precedent,
Into the flight of years?
The following is a beautiful interpretation of
the feeling of "Crowds Viewing Cherry Blossoms"
in Uyeno Park, Tokyo.
Solomon was not robed like one of these
Ten thousand spring-blown cherry trees.
Nor gazed the Shebaean Queen with more surprise
Than the Uyeno throng whose souls uprise
To beauty as whitecaps to the breeze.
And the following on “Nirvana," written "near
a Buddhist monastery,” is another good "sample.”
Boom! wailed the temple bell,
And the sound rose and fell,
Like life and death.
It moaned and sobbed,
Like a lingering sorrow,
And gently died away
As day sinks into night
With no to-morrow.
The pessimism of that is balanced by this one
on "Optimism":
If you say that seared sadness
Lurks behind all laughing eyes,
I reply that grace may cause this,
By turning sorrows into joys;
As from beds of slime and vileness
Lotus flowers in beauty rise.
Finally here is a real gem, written at Hono-
lulu, in 1915:
No sky without a cloud,
No heart without a sigh,
No closet without a shroud,
-
In every Eden a Molokai.
ERNEST W. CLEMENT.
Tokyo, September 25, 1917.
ENGLISH TANKA.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
Every lover of poetry is more or less familiar
with the famous Japanese verselets known as tanka
and haikai. The word tanka means literally "short
poem.” It is a verselet of thirty-one syllables,


1917]
407
THE DIAL
a
EDUCATING THE BOOKSELLER.
LETTERS AND DIARY OF ALAN SEEGER
(To the Editor of The DIAL.)
(To the Editor of The DIAL.)
Local pride, as well as a desire to help the future
I have read and reread the review by Mr. Kinne
historian, prompts me to correct a slight misstate-
of "The Letters and Diary of Alan Seeger" in a
ment in your interesting paragraph on bookselling
recent issue of The Dial. The review is interest-
education in your issue of September 13. You
ing, and in some respects I am in accord with the
say that this educational movement was first taken
views expressed, but it seems to me the reviewer
up in Philadelphia, whereas the excellent work in-
augurated in the William Penn Evening High
has failed utterly to catch the real value of the
School, of that city, by Dr. Lucy Wilson, was a
publication.
direct outgrowth of the lecture course conducted
For instance, there are the letters of the poet to
in New York City by the Booksellers' League, his mother. Seeger seems from the first anxious
through the medium of a committee of which i to have her approval, and equally anxious that she
was the chairman. This work antedated the Phila- should be brave and proud in the event of his death
delphia course by about two years.
(see pages 3, 8, 70, 119, 175). But deeper than his
October 5, 1917.
B. W. HUEBSCH.
attitude toward his mother is his attitude toward
the war. He is no soldier of fortune: He is there
“GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE, BY THE PEOPLE,
from principle. The diary and letters are replete
with evidences of his effort to key his courage up
FOR THE People"
(To the Editor of The DIAL.)
to the sticking-point and to meet the supreme test
with a noble spirit when it should come. It is his
In a note concerning the source of Lincoln's "gov-
motive in enlisting, touched on here and there
ernment of the people, by the people, for the peo-
throughout the book, and his cultivation of courage
ple," an American illustrated weekly some time ago
for the supreme test that make his letters to his
quoted two phrases of Theodore Parker which,
mother so fine.
although distantly resembling Lincoln's line, are by
no means identical with it.
The journal in ques.
I do not agree with the reviewer that Alan See-
tion credits O. H. Carmichael with having pointed
ger meant that we are all “cowards, hypocrites and
out the two passages in his book, “Lincoln's Gettys-
fools” because we cannot fight and must do our
burg Address.” Commenting upon the resemblance
bit in "second-best things.” The quotation begin-
—and the difference between Parker's and Lin- ning “But as in times of peace,” is taken from the
coln's phrasing, the editor remarks: "Lincoln's middle of a paragraph in which he says that it is
masterly paraphrase of the idea, when making it his “disheartening" that other nations should be brought
own in his famous address, shows his unerring in- into the war. He had hoped that it could be won
stinct for terse and forcible English.”
without this necessity. But at the same time he
The matter seems of sufficient interest and im- felt “There should be no neutrals but everyone
portance to invite additional comment. Appar- should bear some part of the burden." No better
ently it is not generally known that in a speech evidence of Seeger's breadth of mind and his sense
which Parker delivered at the New England Anti-
of appreciation of vital support given the soldier,
Slavery Convention in 1850 he employed a phrase
can be asked than his excoriation of a criticism pub-
virtually identical in form with the one which Lin-
lished in America:
coln's address has made so familiar. It is contained
in the following passage:
I should not think that I would need to tell you
that that article is simply the low joke of a mind
There is what I call the American idea. This
that thinks it funny to tell lies. If his letters did
idea demands. a democracy, that is, a govern-
nothing worse than belittle his comrades who are here
ment of all the people, by all the people, for all the
for motives that he is unable to conceive, it would be
people. [Italics mine]. That is one idea; and
the other is, that one man has a right to hold another
only dishonourable. But when it comes to throwing
man in thraldom, not for the slave's good, but for the
discredit on the French government that in all its
master's convenience
For shortness' sake, I
treatment of us has been generous beyond anything
will call this the idea of Slavery. It demands
that anyone would think possible, it is too shameful
an aristocracy, that is, a government of all the people,
for any words to characterize. (Letter to his mother,
by a part of the people—the masters; for a part of the
March 12, 1915).
people—the masters; against a part of the people- And now that he has met the death of his dreams,
the slaves.
now that he has disappeared at the pinnacle of his
Parker, as we see, is contrasting all the people cherished career, we neither remember, nor can
with part of the people; the antithesis is clear and believe, the words of Victor Chapman, quoted by
deliberate; moreover, it obviously accounts for his
Mr. Kinne, that Seeger was “an appalling wreck"
use of the qualifying “all” in the italicized passage.
before the war. Not only was he found physically
Aside from this single word, however, his phrasing
and Lincoln's are identical. Parker's priority, it
fit to enlist, but the letters and diary show that he
would seem, entitles his name to be remembered in
endured long marches and other hardships, and the
connection with the terse formulation of the prin-
moral tone of all the letters and diary is that of
ciple of ideal democracy which adorns the mem-
an unusual personality, a noble son, and an uncom-
orable Gettysburg address.
plaining, manly soldier.
C. H. IBERSHOFF.
CHARLES M. STREET.
University of Iowa, Iowa City.
October 12, 1917.
a


408
[October 25
THE DIAL
BRIEFER MENTION
New
Books
PRINCETON
“Lake and Stream Game Fishing,” by Dixie Car-
UNIVERSITY
roll (Stewart & Kidd; $1.75), is more useful than
PRESS
many recent books on angling in that it gives minute
and specific instructions, some of them intended for
Value of the Classics
the mere novice, some valuable to the experienced
sportsman.
Edited by ANDREW F. WEST, Dean of the Grad-
Unfortunately the author seems ob-
uate School, Princeton, University.
sessed with the idea that to be interesting he must
Addresses delivered at the Conference on Classical
be slangy. The reader is continually addressed as
Studies in Liberal Education held at Princeton in "Old Man” and “Old Scout,” and a rod or reel
June, 1917, with 300 statements and a section of never costs ten dollars, but "sets you back” or
statistics.
"creases your bank roll” to that amount.
A stu-
396 pages. Cloth, $1.50; boards, $1, both postpaid. dent of Walton is tempted to the cynical remark
Special rates on orders of 25 or more copies. that the English is what might be expected of a
Postal Savings
man who favors self-thumbing and self-spooling
reels; but this doubtless betrays a hopelessly old-
By EDWIN WALTER KEMMERER
fashioned taste in both tackle and literary style.
An historical and critical study of the Postal Sav-
ings Bank System of the United States.
The author of "A Dominie's Log” has now
176 pages. $1.25 net; by mail, $1.30.
become the hero of “A Dominie Dismissed” (Mc-
Bride; $1.25). Mr. A. S. Neill, for all his re-
Protestantism in Germany
jection at the hands of the rigid-minded parents
By KERR D. MACMILLAN
of the quaint Scotch village, has not allowed his
Luther and Lutheranism, and German national
train of thought to be side-tracked, and the results
character.
$1.25 net; by mail, $1.30.
of his roadside reflections are quite as entertaining
Early Christian Iconography, as they ever were. “My whole theory of educa-
and a School of Ivory Carvers in Provence tion," he says, “is built on my abject humility.”
He finds that discipline breeds lack of discrimina-
No. 6, Princeton Monographs in Art and Archæ-
tion and lack of good taste in the teacher as well
ology.
$6 net.
as in the child; he believes that education is noth-
Tales of an Old Sea Port
ing more nor less than individual thinking, in-
dividual investigation, self-development. He sees
By WILFRED H. MUNRO
Old voyages, and a historical sketch of Bristol,
no more reason for the teacher to impose rules
Rhode Island
$1.25 net; by mail, $1.30. and punishments, except as between man and man,
than for the pupil to do the same. In other words,
The World Peril
his credo is based upon a justifiable democracy-
By members of the faculty of Princeton University. one that we are apt to ignore—the democracy of
America's interest in the war: democracy, interna- age and youth. That this is the only right spirit
tional law, commerce with South America and the
upon which to establish pedagogy (horrible word)
Far East, the world balance of power, world peace. we are absolutely assured. But does it work?
245 pages. $1 net; by mail, $1.06.
Let Mr. Neill answer for that in his own manner.
Platonism
By PAUL ELMER MORE “Around the Year in the Garden," by Frederick
The former editor of the Nation expounds the Pla- F. Rockwell (Macmillan; $1.75), is just the clear-
tonic philosophy with the power and beauty of kin- est and most helpful kind of information for the
ship in culture.
busy man or woman who wants to get ready for
About 350 pages, $1.50 net; by mail, $1.58.
next year's gardening. The book takes for granted
Heredity and Environment in the a fair-sized garden space and a more than dilettante
Development of Men
ambition for gardening. Pictures of Mr. Rock-
By EDWIN GRANT CONKLIN
well's own gardens and the things he grows in them
Second printing of the Revised Second Edition
from tomatoes to geraniums, incite one to feats of
549 pages. $2 net; by mail, $2.10.
calculation-trying, for instance, to make one's pos-
The President's Control of
sible yearly savings encompass a plot of ground be-
fore the back gets too old for pulling weeds and
Foreign Relations By EDWARD S. CORWIN hoeing.
Historical and politico-philosophical study of the In "An Old New England School" (Houghton
distribution of powers between the executive and
legislative branches of the national Government.
Mifflin; $4.) Dr. Claude M. Fuess, of the English
$1.50 net; by mail, $1.58.
department at Phillips Academy, Andover, and a
specialist in the history of that famous school, offers
Cooperative Marketing
a substantial octavo of 548 pages full of the vary-
By W. W. CUMBERLAND
ing fortunes, the ups and downs, the tragedies and
Tests the theory of cooperative marketing by the comedies, that mark the century and a quarter of
experience of the citrus fruit growers of California. academic life covered by the historian. With the
$1.50 net; by mail, $1.58.
close of Dr. Bancroft's administration, in the first
Complete Catalogue on Request
year of the present century, the chronicle comes to
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS an end; and thus nearly a half of the entire period
Princeton, New Jersey
under survey belongs to the reigns (separated only


1917]
409
THE DIAL
A new novel for those
who look for sanity
and sincerity in art
ALEXIS
By Stuart Maclean
What music, love and the fine friendship of
a man did for a gifted, ardent and attractive
boy of alien parents.
“For those who love music (and who does
not) there is a rare treat in store in “Alexis."
-Richmond Times Dispatch.
“Mr. Maclean has made a strong plea for
wholesome sanity. Every student of music
will find much to interest him in the volume.
Those who read it for the story will find a
tale of love and mystery absorbing in itself.”
Philadelphia Evening Ledger.
Cloth, $1.50 net
>
Mrs. Wharton's New Novel
by a short interregnum) of "Uncle Sam” Taylor
and the well-beloved “Banty.” The founder and
his family, the struggling beginnings of the school,
the early teachers, various student activities besides
those prescribed in the catalogue, the notable later
development of the institution in material resources
and equipment, with passing sidelights on the The-
ological Seminary and on the sister school at Ex-
eter-of such material is the book composed, and
it is written in a style to commend it even to read-
ers so unfortunate as never to have been enrolled
as either students or teachers on the classic "Hill”
devoted to sacred and profane learning. The mere
fact that Oliver Wendell Holmes was there fitted
for college, as we know from his own pen, is
enough to make the academy and its history objects
of unfailing interest.
Students of unfortunate Francis Thompson's po-
etry will find interest in an attractively bound little
book, “Francis Thompson Essays,” issued at Can-
ton, Ohio, by the Franklin Publishing Company.
It contains two essays by Benjamin Fisher, an Ohio
manufacturer, who died in 1916 and who devoted
much of his time, during his last years, to a study
of Thompson's work. With portraits and biog-
raphies of both men, it serves the purpose of a
double memorial volume. The author places the
subject of his pages as follows: "In imagination
we dare not attempt such an impossible thing as
a classification by comparison. The greatest fac-
ulty of analysis, a function of the lower order of
mind we denominate ‘reason,' utterly fails at its
approach to this highest reach of mentality. The
sacred writers of Biblical times called this power
'vision, the modern author names it 'invention,'
the popular view accepts it as 'illusion, but its
highest form is surely intuition and revelation.
With this rare gift alone we reach beyond the con-
fines of sensuous being; and in such a state, whether
acquirement or endowment, Thompson dwells in
natural, voluntary activity." A list of Thompson's
published works, necessarily brief, concludes the
volume.
Mr. Alfred Noyes touches a chord of response
in his readers by his facility in rhythmic, picturesque
utterance. This facility is often fatal to his ex-
cellence as a poet, but it adapts itself readily to the
description of German frightfulness on the high
seas, which is the subject of a little book of sketches
called "Open Boats" (Stokes; 50 cts.). These
scenes of murder and wilful abandonment were
designed, it appears, as a moving plea for the active
alliance with his own countrymen of the hitherto
neutral Americans. That object no longer exists,
but if any American is still in doubt about the rea-
sons for our coöperation in the war, “Open Boats"
is recommended as a good tonic and restorative.
"The Sense of Taste," by H. L. Hollingworth
and A. T. Poffenberger (Moffat, Yard; $1.25), is
the first in a series of great promise and interest.
Readable monographs on the functions of the sev-
eral senses have not been prepared for a great many
years, and substantially not at all in English. In
the meantime, the progress of psychology bas been
SUMMER
"A story so simple, grim, and verifiable that
it holds the imagination as if the events
were enacted before the eyes.”—Chicago
Tribune.
“Never has Mrs. Wharton done anything
more delicate, more exquisite, than the pen
pictures of the New England countryside
with which this book abounds."—New York
Times.
$1.50 net
Mr. Snaith's New Novel
THE COMING
war.
"The most daring novel of religious impli-
cations published since the beginning of the
One of those extraordinary literary
performances which stimulate the imagina-
tion powerfully, setting in motion ideas nor.
mally dormant, and because of its excep-
tional character and treatment it is likely to
become the storm center of spirited contro-
versy and earnest discussion.”—Philadelphia
Press.
$1.50 net
These are Appleton Books
D. Appleton & Company New York


410
[October 25
THE DIAL
Autumn Leaders
Strikes a New Note in American Fiction
Marching Men
By SHERWOOD ANDERSON, author of "Windy
McPherson's Son." (Three Editions.)
Cloth. 12 mo. Net, $1.50
Here is Sherwood Anderson's eagerly awaited sec-
ond novel-a novel of men united, not for war, but
for the world's work. "It is a new note in fiction,
note that rings high and clear, and that may
perhaps sound the opening of new school of
American literature,
as
distinctive and sincere
as
in the Russian School.”—Philadelphia Evening Tele-
graph.
By the Father of the Author of "Carry On"
&
a
Robert Shenstone
By W. J. DAWSON, author of "A Prophet in
Babylon," etc.
Cloth. 12 mo. Net, $1.50
A romantic story of London life in the "seventies"
which takes us out of the midst of present-day hor.
rors back to a brighter world long since left behind.
Dr. Dawson is the father of Lieut. Coningsby Daw-
son, author of "Carry On," etc., and is himself a
writer of wide experience and achievement.
A Novel of Thrills
The Unholy Three
By C. A. ROBBINS (“Tod" Robbins).
Cloth. 12 mo. Net, $1.40
A new kind of detective tale--the story of three
"freaks" who broke loose from a circus and, taking
adventure by the hand, went out to startle the
world. "Here is a tale of mystery that seems truly
mysterious. The reader will feel himself baſed by
circumstances, not held in suspense by a deliberate
writer who conceals
solution in his hand."-
Boston Herald.
rapid, and the point of view from which the serv-
ices of the senses are now regarded has decidedly
altered. The book by Professors Hollingworth
and Poffenberger gives in simple form the entire
series of facts regarding the sense of taste, and
points out the interesting aspects of its evolution,
as well as its practical and ästhetic value. We
are apt to underestimate the importance of the
so-called lower senses and practically to forget that
their significance still holds, despite our changed en-
vironment. Apart from its ministry, along with
the sense of smell, to food acceptances and re-
jections, the sense of taste stands as the type of
æsthetic preference. It represents the large in-
dividual differences concerning which there may be
little purpose in dispute, but very positive value in
an understanding of their contributions to the men-
tal life.
In “The Retreat from Mons," that heart-break-
ing military disaster and glorious moral victory is
described briefly, authoritatively, and graphically
by a member of the British General Staff (Hough-
ton Mifflin; 50 cts.). Beneath the superstructure
of official facts one glimpses heroism and sacrifice
the details of which will never be known, but which
distinguish the retreat above many engagements
that history will note more carefully. In their
baptism of fire on Belgian soil the little expedition-
ary force set the future British army a memorable
and difficult example. "Such courage and patience,
such humorous resignation and cheerfulness in ad-
versity, are to be paralleled only in the finest armies
of history." Their most fitting memorial is this
brief, soldierly, vivid account of the retreat.
William Allan Neilson has a trifle too much
subtlety and coolness in his method to “do" Burns,
the romantic poet, drinker, and lover, with any
great amount of enthusiasm; it is Burns the Scotch-
man whom he really warms to in his “Burns: How
to Know Him” (Bobbs-Merrill; $1.50). The pres-
ent reviewer wishes the editors of the series had
given him Meredith and a little freer hand about
the necessity of much quotation and the inclusion
of bibliographical detail. Then we might have had
the delight, and it is a delight, of Professor Neilson
at his best. But the present volume is at least
worth while, discriminating and well up to the stan-
dard of the series.
Of the making of textbooks there is no end, espe-
cially of textbooks in English composition. But
occasionally a volume appears which from its
preface onward towers above the jumble of its
competitors. Such a volume is the "English Com-
position" of Professor C. N. Greenough and Mr.
F. W. C. Hersey (Macmillan; $1.40). The ar-
rangement of the contents is unexceptionable; the
five parts deal respectively with the gathering and
weighing of material, the kinds of composition,
structure, diction, and mechanics. Better even
than the arrangement, however, is the excellence of
the presentation. This is manifestly the result of
years of close study of the actual problems of
composition, and is without a trace of that be-
wilderment which quickly shatters our confidence in
most volumes covering this field.
&
BEST SELLING BOOKS
Second Large Edition
The Red Planet
By WILLIAM J. LOCKE, author of "The Wonder.
ful Year," "The Beloved Vagabond,” etc.
Cloth. Net, $1.50
A war-time novel of love, courage, and mystery-
just as romantic, just as tender as “The Beloved
Vagabond.”
Eleventh Edition
Carry On:
Letters in Wartime
By Lieut. CONINGSBY DAWSON, author of "The
Garden Without Walls," etc.
Frontispiece. Cloth. Net, $1.00
A book of inspiration that is being read and re-read
these war-times.
The“Who's Who "of the Russian Revolution
The Rebirth of Russia
By ISAAC F. MARCOSSON, author of "The War
After the War," etc.
With 28 illustrations. Cloth. Net, $1.25
The only first-hand account of the Russian Revo-
lution published so far in America.
JOHN LANE COMPANY, NEW YORK


1917]
411
THE DIAL
а
Apart from its title, which is altogether too
general, “The Psychology of Special Abilities and
Disabilities,” by Augusta F. Bronner, (Little,
Brown; $1.75), may be unreservedly commended.
It is not a study of special abilities and disabilities,
except in the narrow field of the study of children
likely to be brought up for psychopathic examina-
tion. It is largely a record of cases, and in
measure is a pioneer contribution. The clinical
material thus accumulated is admirably considered
and presented in regard to the types of defect and
superiority which unusual cases present. These
are arranged first with regard to the educational
aspect as presented by unusual capacity or incapa-
city for number work, for the use of language,
more specifically for spelling or reading or writing,
and then in the special study of separate mental
processes which present distinctly irregular per-
formances. These include memory, association,
imagination, and deficiencies in mental control. The
next stage in advance would be the determination
of the types of mental deficiency and superiority
for which the tests serve as outward expressions.
That these tendencies, when psychologically studied,
will show interesting parallels with similar failures
in the decay of mental powers, may be foreseen.
In "Nichiren, the Buddhist Prophet" (Harvard
University Press; $1.25), Masaharu Anesaki,
professor of the science of religions at the Imper-
ial University of Tokio, and for two years profes-
sor of Japanese literature and life at Harvard,
has given a biography of a reformer of Japanese
Buddhism. In Japan, as in Western Europe, the
thirteenth century was a period of transition and
of great intellectual activity. Buddhism, which had
existed in the islands for several centuries, was
divided into several sects, each with its faults
Nichiren set out to reform it. The essence of his
work was the preaching of the prime importance
of the “Lotus of the Perfect Truth," a book
occupying in the Buddhist scriptures a place analo-
gous to that of the Johannine writings in the
Bible. Owing to the persecutions to which he
was subjected to by his countrymen, Nichiren's
life was a stormy one, and he narrowly escaped
martyrdom. Disciples gathered about him, neverthe-
less, and a sect bearing his name has existed in
Japan down to the present day. In the past this
sect has not been so important as certain others,
but according to our author, it is receiving renewed
attention in Japan to-day.
It cannot be said that Andrew S. Ferenczi's
"Contributions to Psycho-Analysis” (Badger; $3)
is particularly important, or that it brings forward
matter that has not already been sufficiently em-
phasized. Indeed, its general trend goes back to
the early statements of psychoanalysis, in which
the formulation of principles was rather overdone
in view of the evidence then obtainable. The ex-
treme insistence upon the sexual interpretation of
every trifling incident is itself so dominant that it
leaves little room for other varieties of interpreta-
tion. As a part of the general literature of the
subject, the book has its use. It shows ability and
a grasp of the mental mechanisms, but in no other
way can it be said to be notable.
The New Clode Books
THE BLUE AURA
By ELIZABETH YORK MILLER
Illustrated by Keller
A big, virile story of a woman-wilful, wild,
-a fierce little creature, who races along
blindly on impulse, bound to have her own
way, come what will.
$1.35 net
DESTINY
A New Thought Novel
By JULIA SETON, M.D.
An occult love story, not just the kind you
might expect, but a problem of desire and its
accomplishment through the law of life as it is.
$1.35 net
A PERFECT MEMORY
How to Have and Keep It
By MARVIN DANA, M.A., LL.B., Ph.D., etc.
Be a memory good or bad, anyone can improve
it one thousand per cent or more-by following
the methods set forth in this book. $1.00 net
MENTAL CONTROL OF
THE BODY
A Manual for Those Who Desire the
Greatest of All Things—Good Health
By V. H. WHITE
This book teaches mental hygiene and gives a
practical method of self-help entirely inde-
pendent of any of the organized religious move-
ments which teach healing.
$1.00 net
KEEPING YOUNG and WELL
By GEORGE W. BACON, F.R.G.S.
The author shows how, having once entered
on the right system of hygienic living, the road
is always found pleasant and easy and requires
but little thought to maintain the proper stand-
ard of health.
$1.00 net
OUR FLAG and OUR SONGS
Compiled and Illustrated by H. A. Ogden
A brief story of the origin and life of the
United States Flag, with a selection of the
songs that have inspired the Nation in War
and Peace. - To which has been added the In-
sigma of Our Army and Navy.
60 cents net
HOW TO REST
Food for Tired Nerves and Weary Bodies
By WILLIAM LEE HOWARD, M.D.
Knowing how to rest while carrying out our
daily tasks is the only way to keep the human
machine up to its full working capacity.
$1.00 net
CONCENTRATION
The Secret of SuccOS S
By JULIA SETON, M.D.
A great little book, because it goes right to the
source of the power to achieve that is in every
man and woman.
50 cents net
EDWARD J. CLODE, Publisher, New York


412
[October 25
THE DIAL
NOTES FOR BIBLIOPHILES
New Crowell
Books
(Inquiries or contributions to this department should be ad-
dressed to John E. Robinson, the Editor, who will be
pleased to render to readers such services as are possible. ]
Life of Tolstoi
By NATHAN H. DOLE
Pocket edition on Bible paper, with introduction
by Count Ilya Tolstoi.
1&mo, flexible cloth, net $1.00
Limp leather, net $1.75
TWO TIMELY BOOKS
American Presidents
By THOMAS F. MORAN
A summing, up of the personal traits of our
Presidents, beginning with Washington and end-
ing with Wilson.
12mo, net 75 cents
The Soldier's Diary
and Note Book
Contains useful information invaluable to the
soldier at home or
at the front. Contents:
Soldiers' Guide to French-Military Definitions-
Useful Knots - First Aid – Signaling – Diary -
Memoranda.
Flexible cloth, with pencil, net $0.50
Flexible leather, with pencil, net, $1.00
OTHER IMPORTANT BOOKS
Women War Workers
By GILBERT STONE
With a foreword by Lady Jellicoe. Net $1.65
Thrilling Deeds of
British Airmen
By ERIC WOOD
Shows how England has gained control of the
air. Eight illustrations and colored jacket.
12mo, net $1.66
The auction sales of books held thus far in this
country during the present season indicate that the
war taxes and other burdens have not affected
prices. The recent sale by Stan V. Henkels, 1304
Walnut Street, Philadelphia, of the collection
owned by J. Levering Jones of that city, was nota-
ble for the average high sums paid for the material
offered.
In the sale of Americana and other books from
the library of the late Frank B. Sanborn, of Con-
cord, Massachusetts, and other sources, by C. F.
Libbie & Co., of Boston, the scarce “Journal of the
Adventures of Nathen Bunn," reprinted at Litch-
field in 1796 from the first Providence edition, was
bought by Charles E. Goodspeed for $106. "A
History of New England," by Edward Johnson,
small quarto, London, 1654, known as “Johnson's
Wonder Working Providence,” was bought on or-
der for $165. This copy evidently lacks the two
supplementary leaves at the end. The author came
to New England in the feet with Governor Win-
throp in 1630. Four years later he went with
Captain Cooke and forty men to Rhode Island to
take Samuel Gorton, who had become obnoxious
to the Massachusetts government. For twenty-
eight years he was a member of the general court
of Massachusetts, and at one time a senator.
"Propositions concerning the subject of Baptism
and Consociation of Churches," Cambridge, printed
by S. G. for Hezekiah Usher at Boston in 1662,
was bought on order for $865. It is an extremely
rare Cambridge imprint by Samuel Green. It was
reprinted in England in the same year without the
printer's name and with a different collation. It
was credited by Increase Mather to Jonathan
Mitchel, pastor of the church at Cambridge. This
was Increase Mather's own copy, having his auto-
graph at the upper corner, but it appears very
faintly since the ink is faded. It also bears the
autograph of J. R. Lowell, 1844.
An interesting thing in the rare-book_world was
the recovery a few days ago by Henry E. Hunting-
ton of a valuable piece of Americana that had been
stolen from his great library. The story is that,
while Mr. Huntington and his librarian George
Watson Cole were in California, someone who
had access to his collection took from it some scarce
works and offered them to dealers. One of the
books, a rare American work, is said to have been
sold to a dealer for $1000. When Mr. Huntington
returned to New York, the dealer, who did not
know that the book had been stolen, called on him
and offered it for $2000. Mr. Huntington identi-
fied the book as his own property and regained it.
A stolen rare book is a very difficult thing to sell.
At a sale last year in this city by one of the auction
houses, a copy of the first Philadelphia directory
was bought by Dr. A. S. W. Rosenbach, of that
city, for $1900. He put the book in his pocket, and
went to lunch shortly after noon. By two o'clock
he had his suspicions aroused as to the book. By
Orison S. Marden's
New Book
How to Get What
You Want
Dr. Marden's latest book, full of inspiration
and suggestion. 12mo, cloth, net $1.25
The Moderns
By JOHN FREEMAN
A criticism of Shaw, Wells, Hardy, Maeterlinck,
James, Conrad, Patmore, Thomson, and Bridges.
12mo, net $1.75
Songs of Hope
By HAROLD SPEAKMAN
Poems of great beauty. Colored illustrations and
decorations by the author. 8vo, net 75 cents
Leather, net $1.50
Animal Rhymes
By BURGESS JOHNSON
Frontispiece by Blaisdell.
12mo, net 50 cents
Thomas Y. Crowell Co.
426-428 West Broadway
New York


1917]
413
THE DIAL
MITCHELL KENNERLEY
PUBLISHER
NEW YORK
The two outstanding books of today
and tomorrow
Woodrow Wilson and
the World's Peace
By GEORGE D. HERRON
($1.25)
The Menace of Peace
By GEORGE D. HERRON
($1.00)
1 From his watch-tower in Switzerland Mr.
Herron sees and proclaims the true issues of
the Great War, the frightful menace of an
inconclusive peace, and an imaginative and
ideal interpretation of President Wilson's
motives and purposes. Ask your bookseller
to show you these books, and read on the
printed wrappers, how to secure free copies.
five o'clock he had found out that it was the copy
owned by the noted collector Brinley. It had
passed into the possession of Mr. Goelet, from
whom it had been stolen. Dr. Rosenbach returned
it to Mr. Goelet. James F. Drake, of New York,
recently had two presentation copies stolen from
an express company to which he had intrusted
them. They passed through various hands and
eventually were offered to him. He thus recovered
them. Two books were stolen from Anderson's dur-
ing the Learmont sale. Not long afterward they
were offered to George D. Smith, who told the man
to return with them. Then Mr. Smith called up
the company
and was asked to hold the man when
he returned. Something frightened the salesman,
however, who failed to appear.
Mr. Drake a short time ago purchased a library
chiefly made up of ordinary books, but containing
besides, a number of first editions of John Dryden
and a manuscript copy in Oscar Wilde's autograph
of his famous poem, “Ballad of Reading Gaol.”
The manuscript has many corrections in Wilde's
handwriting. Wilde manuscripts bring high prices.
Full autograph letters signed by former Presi-
dent William H. Taft are rare. They command
high prices at public auction. Most of his letters
are typewritten, being simply signed by him. An
ordinary one-page, autograph letter signed by him
fetches at auction from $25 to $35. A fine auto-
graph letter of his has just been obtained by a col-
lector. It is eight pages long, written entirely in
Mr. Taft's hand and addressed to former Justice
Charles E. Hughes. It relates to the present poli-
tical campaign in New York City and mentions the
name of John Purroy Mitchel. Mr. Taft wrote
the letter because he was unable to attend a public
dinner in New York. A duplicate of the letter
was sent to Mr. Hughes, the original passing into
the possession of the autograph collector.
The following unpublished letter by Giuseppe
Garibaldi, the Italian patriot, addressed to George
P. Marsh, minister plenipotentiary from the United
States to the new kingdom of Italy, referring to
Abraham Lincoln, has just come into the possession
of Gabriel Wells, of New York:
Caprera, March 27, 1865.
Very dear Mr. Marsh: The name of Lincoln, like
that of Christ, marks the beginning of a glorious epoch
in the history of humanity, and with pride I have per-
petuated the name of the great Emancipator in my
family. The press and the other enemies of his great
Republic are like the asses of the fable who kicked
the lion believing him dead, but today, when they
see him arise in all his majesty, they change their
language. The American question is a light of liberty
for the world and will gladden the hearts of all hon-
estmen. I greet your wife with all affection and
respect.
Yours,
G. Garibaldi.
This letter was written less than three weeks
before Lincoln's assassination. In the summer of
1861 Lincoln's secretary of state, William H. Sew-
ard, made an appeal to Garibaldi to lend his sword
to the United States and tendered him the rank of
major-general. For various reasons Garibaldi did
not accept the offer.
A Spanish rogue-novel
“Lazarillo De Tormes
Translated by LOUIS HOW
The first novel to dare to choose its hero
from the dregs of society, and, above all, the
first to create the impression of absolute and
eternal actuality which makes it live. Has
been called “the first ancestor of 'Huckle-
berry Finn.'”
“A real service has been rendered the his-
torian of the novel.”—The Independent.
"The first picaresque novel in the literature
of the world.”-Minneapolis Journal.
One of the first to go was
"Kelly of the Foreign
Legion"
1 Russell A. Kelly sailed for France Novem-
ber 3rd, 1914. He has been missing since
June 16th, 1915. Read his letters home, and
an historical sketch of the Foreign Legion,
just published in book form.
"His adventurous spirit lives in these fasci-
nating letters. The compiler throws out hints
of greater romance yet to come by his ref-
erences to information that Kelly succeeded
in hiding himself while recovering from his
wounds and getting himself treated as
prisoner by the Germans."-New York Sun.
a


414
[October 25
THE DIAL
What Hugh
Gibson Saw
In Belgium
AS FIRST SECRETARY
OF OUR LEGATION
1. HE WITNESSED King Albert's great
speech of defiance.
2. HE TOOK over the German Legation
when war was declared.
3. HE WAS in Louvain during the burning
and pillaging of this city.
4. HE PASSED
many times through the fir-
ing lines between the German and Bel-
gians with American dispatches.
5. HE WAS in Brussels when the Germans
entered.
6. HE HAD all manner
of official and un-
official dealings with the Germans.
7. HE HAD many opportunities to see King
Albert both in the field under shell fire
and behind the lines.
8. HE SPENT 48 hours trying to save Miss
Cavell. He argued, plead, and finally
threatened, without effect.
The Anderson Company, it is now announced,
will move into its new home in the old Arion Club
building, at Park Avenue and 59th Street, on No-
vember 15, and will hold its first sale of the season
on November 20.
Scott & O'Shaughnessy held a sale at 116 Nas-
sau Street, New York, on October 25, of first
editions of British and American authors. On
October 26 they will have a sale of books and
pamphlets on American history. On October 19,
Stan V. Henkels sold, at 1304 Walnut Street,
Philadelphia, the library of John C. Brady of South
Carolina. It contained copies of Confederate laws,
local histories, and other Americana. The same
day the Walpole Galleries of New York held a sale
of miscellaneous books.
Gabriel Wells, of New York, has two interest-
ing and valuable Robert Burns items. One is a
volume of Edward Young's “The Complaint, or
Night Thoughts," London, 1788. On the blank
reverse page of the preface is this autograph in-
scription: “To Mrs. McIlhose, [Sic] this Poem,
the sentiments of the heirs of immortality, told
in the numbers of Paradise, is respectfully pre-
sented by Robert Burns." Beneath this the
recipient wrote, “Mrs. McLehose presents this
book to Mr. Calpatrick Sharp as a small return
for all his kindness." Charles Kilpatrick Sharpe,
the well-known antiquary and friend of Sir Walter
Scott, wrote on one of the fly-leaves, “On the 2d of
Oct. 1839, Mrs. M. sent me this book, C. K. S.”
This was forty years after the death of Burns
and only two years before Mrs. McLehose herself
died. The volume must have been presented to her
by Burns almost upon publication, as 1788 was the
year in which their friendship began. Burns at
the time did not even know the correct spelling
of her name. It may be assumed that this volume
was a gift which opened one of the most famous
and romantic attachments in the history of litera-
ture.
The other item consists of two letters, one by
Burns, signed "Sylvander," and the other by Mrs.
McLehose, signed “Clarinda." It was to her that
Burns addressed the poem, “One Fond Kiss and
Then We Sever." The letters are in a volume
with hand-painted miniatures on ivory of Burns
and his lady love. The whole is bound in a jewelled
and elaborately tooled full levant morocco binding
by Sangorski and Sutcliffe.
Americana from the library of the late Frank
B. Sanborn, of Concord, Mass., and books from
other sources were sold by C. F. Libbie & Co., 597
Washington Street, Boston, on October 3, 4, and
5. Among the noteworthy items were Edward
Johnson's "Wonder Working Providence," 1654;
Dickinson's “Remarkable Deliverance,” 1792; New
England Primer, 1790; Peters's “History of Con-
necticut," 1781; Wigglesworth's "Meat out of the
Eater," 1717; Roger Wolcott's "Poetical Medi-
tations," 1728, and Jonathan Mitchel's "Proposi-
tions concerning the Subject of Baptism," Cam-
bridge, Mass., 1662. It was said that only two
copies, both imperfect, existed of the last-named
book, but the E. Dwight Church catalogue states
that five perfect copies are in existence.
This is the most thrilling combination of
war and diplomacy written day by day on
the spot with the details which make the
picture vivid to the reader.
Illustrated with 64 photographs, many
taken by the author, and with documents.
THE OFFICIAL STORY OF
BELGIUM'S TRAGEDY
Net, $2.50
PUBLISHED BY
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
GARDEN CITY, N. Y.
FOR SALE AT ALL BOOKSTORES
A Journal from Our
Legation in Belgium


1917]
415
THE DIAL
NOTES AND NEWS
A MOST
IMPORTANT
EVENT IN THE
LITERARY WORLD
Ready Early in November
The Cambridge History
of American Literature
Edward Garnett is one of the most prolific of
English critics. His work is well known to readers
of The DIAL.
M. L. C. Pickthall is a young English poet. She
was introduced to America last year by a book of
verse entitled “The Lamp of Poor Souls,” pub-
lished by the John Lane Co.
Lewis Galantiere is a young Californian, now
resident in Chicago. He has been engaged in jour-
nalism, and has made a number of successful trans-
lations from the French.
V. T. Thayer is a member of the department of
philosophy at the University of Wisconsin.
W. G. Tinckom-Fernandez was born in India
and educated in Europe and at Harvard. He is
living at present in New York.
Gilbert Vivian Seldes is a young American critic
and journalist, who has been living abroad, chiefly
in England, since the beginning of the war.
Vachel Lindsay's new book, "The Chinese Night-
ingale,” was published October 3 by the Macmillan
Co.
"The Brazilians and Their Country," by Clay-
ton Sedgwick Cooper, is announced for October by
the Frederick A. Stokes Co.
In “Rodin: The Man and His Work,” by Judith
Cladel, there are many excellent illustrations. The
Century Co. are the publishers.
For those credulous folk who can find their
intensest occupation in a mystery story "A Prin-
cess of Mars" is bound to please. It is published
by A. C. McClurg & Co.
The Lippincotts have just published two hand-
some volumes—"Early Philadelphia," by Horace
Mather Lippincott, and "Old Roads out of Phila-
delphia," by John T. Faris.
"To inculcate something of the supreme art of
seeing life by the methods of fiction" is the pur-
pose of the editors of “A Book of Narratives,"
published by D. C. Heath & Co.
“Random Reflections of a Grandmother," by
Mrs. R. Clipston Sturgis, has just come from the
Houghton Mifflin press. It is a very modern grand-
mother whose reflections are here announced.
Friends of the late Murray Anthony Potter have
published in his memory "Four Essays" found
among his literary papers. Of three of these the
subject is Petrarch. (Harvard University Press.)
"Tote-Road and Trail," a volume of outdoor
poetry of the lumber camps, with the life of which
the poet, Douglas Malloch, has been intimate for
a generation, is announced by the Bobbs-Merrill
Co.
A new memorial edition of the complete works
of James Whitcomb Riley is announced, at a popu-
lar price, by Harper & Brothers. It is elaborately
illustrated by Howard Chandler Christy and Ethel
Franklin Betts.
The tragedy of Belgium is recorded in a volume
of pen-and-ink sketches which were drawn on the
spot by Louis Berden. A descriptive text in French,
founded on the official reports, by Georges Verda-
Edited by
William Peterfield Trent, M.A., LL.D.
Professor of English, Columbia University
John Erskine, Ph.D.
Professor of English, Columbia University
Stuart Pratt Sherman, Ph.D.
Professor of English, University of Illinois
Carl Van Doren, Ph.D.
Head Master, Brearley School
To be published in 3 volumes.
Royal 8'. $3.50 per volume.
Volume I contains material covering the
Colonial and Revolutionary Literature.
The work is similar in scope and method,
and uniform in binding to The Cambridge
History of English Literature, now complete
in fourteen volumes. It is unique, and a
very important work.
Send for descriptive circulars of:
THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF AMERI.
CAN LITERATURE.
THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF ENGLISH
LITERATURE.
Send for our
Holiday Catalogue
ready shortly.
Books for every
kind of taste are
described
At AU Booksellers
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
NEW YORK
LONDON
2 West 45th Street
24 Bodford Street
Just west of 7th Av.
Strand


416
[October 25
THE DIAL
“AT MCCLURG'S"
)
1
1
.
-
»
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago
laine and an English translation of the French text
by J. Lewis May accompany the pictures. These
“Pictures of Ruined Belgium” are published by the
John Lane Co.
It is of interest and importance
Free verse for the child is the latest develop-
ment in juvenile literature. Putnam's Sons an-
to Librarians to know that the
nounce "If I Could Fly,” by Rose Strong Hubbell
books reviewed and advertised
-a delectable collection of “Ifs" that should appeal
in this magazine can be pur- to the wishing child.
chased from us at advantageous
Henry Handel Richardson, author of "The For-
prices by
tunes of Richard Mahoney," it now appears is the
wife of Professor Robertson of London Univer-
Public Libraries, Schools, sity. The book is published in this country by
Messrs. Henry Holt & Co.
Colleges and Universities
"The Lady of Kingdoms," by Inez Haynes Ir-
In addition to these books we
win, has for its underlying theme the question
whether an unmarried woman may have the child
have an exceptionally large she desires and no questions asked. The book is
stock of the books of all pub- published by George H. Doran Co.
lishers - a more complete as-
Messrs. Boni and Liveright announce “The
sortment than can be found on
Great Modern French Stories,” a chronological
the shelves of any other book-
anthology compiled and edited by Willard Hunt-
store in the entire country. We
ington Wright with a view to the evolution of the
art of the modern short story in France.
solicit correspondence from
“The City Worker's World in America," by
librarians unacquainted with
Mary K. Simkhovitch, is to be used as a text for
our facilities.
required reading in the Union Theological Semi-
nary. It is a recent addition to the Macmillan
LIBRARY DEPARTMENT
Company's “American Social Problem Series."
A readable volume for general readers desir-
ing to learn something of the existing state of
chemical knowledge is Sir William A. Tilden's
“Chemical Discovery and Invention of the Twen-
tieth Century," recently published by E. P. Dutton
A Patriotic Story of the Present War & Co.
The “Poems” of Alan Seeger, which were pub-
lished last year by Charles Scribner's Sons, have
gone into their twenty-first thousand. The Scrib-
ners are bringing out this fall “The Letters and
Diary of Alan Seeger" and the “Poems” in a limp-
By Homer Greene
leather edition.
Author of “Pickett's Gap"
Logan Pearsall Smith, author of "Trivia"
(Doubleday, Page & Co.), is descended from a long
Penfield Butler, the hero of this inspiring story,
line of Quaker ancestors, but has lived in England
unthinkingly desecrates the American flag while since his youth. Some of these "thought studies"
a school boy. How he is shunned by his friends have been made familiar to Americans by “The
and how he makes amends in the present war is
New Republic."
a tale that will thrill you.
A most interesting combination of war interest,
psychological phenomena, and mystery, with an
What the Critics Say:
original, if not altogether convincing, explanation of
“The Flag," by Homer Greene,"is the best
the mystery, is Arthur Machen's “The Terror"
boys' book I have read for many, a day. It (McBride's). Mr. Machen is an Englishman, and
as being a kind of junior 'Man
Without a Country' and as well deserving of
the story is laid in England.
as wide a reading."-Franklin K. Mathiews, Di-
rector Library Dept. Boy Scouts of America.
A spot of bright color on the autumn book shelves
"A book in which every American boy will
is Helen J. Sanborn's “Anne of Brittany,” from the
revel."-Los Angeles Examiner.
press of Messrs. Lothrop, Lee & Shepard. “One
"It teaches patriotism on every page and is of the world's great women,” says Miss Sanborn,
interesting from start to finish."-Utica Daily
Press.
who made two trips to France and searched many
“No doubt of its lofty sentiment and inspiring an obscure record for her material.
purpose."-Los Angeles Tribune.
“Every patriot who reads it will experience
“Recreation and the Church,” by Herbert W.
some mistiness in the eyes or a lump in the Gates, director of religious education, The Brick
throat."--Pittsburgh Chronicle Telegraph.
Institute, Rochester, N. Y., should find its way
Illustrated, $1.25 net
into the hands of church workers in communities
Goorge W.Jacobs & Co., Publishers, Philadelphia, Pa. where the children shy at Sunday-school. The
University of Chicago Press publishes it.
THE FLAG
strikes
me


1917]
417
THE DIAL
“A masterpiece of imaginative realism."-
N. Y. Tribune.
The Rise of
David Levinsky
By Abraham Cahan
"The book sparkles with felicities of speech
that set off their truths even as platinum sets off
a diamond. So, too, with innumerable flashes
of psychological insight, unobtrusively con-
veyed. At times this uncanny power of Cahan's
in evoking an image or crystallizing a person-
ality strongly recalls Turgenev, just as his epic
sweep reminds one of that Tolstoi whom he
has translated and admires so deeply.”—Boston
Transcript.
$1.60
Harper & Brothers
Established 1817
A group of German-Americans has just been or-
ganized in the United States under the name
"Friends of the German Republic," which is in
close touch with the group led by Hermann Fernau,
the author of "The Coming Democracy," recently
published by E. P. Dutton & Co. The purpose is
to help in every way possible the agitation for
a change in the German form of government.
Messrs. Doubleday, Page & Co. announce Mr.
Hugh Gibson's "A Journal from Our Legation in
Belgium." Mr. Gibson was secretary of the
American legation in Brussels prior to the severing
of our diplomatic relations with Germany. Like
Mr. Gerard's "My Four Years in Germany,” it is
a graphic representation of conditions from the in-
side by one who had more than the ordinary oppor-
tunities for observation.
Meredith Nicholson's latest story, "A Reversible
Santa Claus," just published by the Houghton
Mifflin Co., tells how a burglar stole an automobile
and later found to his dismay that he had also
stolen a baby, who had been curled up in the seat
under a rug. The story was not based on facts
when it was written, but, obligingly, the facts have
since come into being via the newspapers, and help
greatly to advertise the fiction.
Fleming H. Revell & Co. about three weeks ago
received from across the water an advance copy
of a book in which was inserted the card of the
author from "Somewhere in France." The Ameri-
can rights to the book were immediately arranged
for by cable, and the book itself is now ready.
Under the title “The Cross at the Front,” it gives
a look at the Tommies from a new point of view,-
that of a field chaplain who has been with them in
the thick of the fight in Flanders.
The publication of J. P. O. Bland's "Li Hung
Chang' by Henry Holt & Co. in their series of
biographies, "Makers of the Nineteenth Century,"
edited by Basil Williams, calls to mind the inter-
esting departure in biographical literature that
characterizes this series. Some years ago Mr. Ken-
neth Bell, a connection of the family interested in
G. Bell and Sons, of London, and a representative
of Henry Holt & Co. happened to be talking at
dinner about some of the features of such note-
worthy series as the "American Statesmen" and
"English Men of Letters," and the query arose as
to whether the time was not ripe for another series
of the same general standard to include a group
of prominent figures in the nineteenth century who
represented comparative vacancies in bibliographical
lists. It was proposed that these makers of the
nineteenth century should be treated as world fig-
ures by having the life of each written by an
enthusiastic student who was not a native of the
country represented by the subject of the biography.
Lord Charnwood's “Abraham Lincoln,” recently
published, shows the results of this reasoning. The
volumes thus far arranged for "Cecil
Rhodes,” by Basil Williams; “Lord Shaftesbury,"
by J. L. Hammond; "Victor Hugo," by Madame
Duclaux; “General Lee," by Lt.-Colonel F. Mau-
rice; “Leon Gambetta,” by W. Norton Fullerton;
and “Abdul Hamid,” by Sir Edwin Pears.
Interesting Fall'Books
meet.
LIMEHOUSE NIGHTS
By THOMAS BURKE
Fourteen strange tales of love and life in
Limehouse, where East and West
The third edition of this book, which "The
Dial” has highly commended, is now ready.
$1.50 pet
The CREAM OF THE JEST
By JAMES BRANCH CABELL
The story of Felix Kennaston and of his
nocturnal adventures in the Land That Is
Not. A fantasy you may call it, or a par.
able; but you will find it, as the "New
York Times" says, somewhat "more than
entertaining."
$1.35 net
THE TERROR
By ARTHUR MACHEN
"The unknown master of the artistic tale
of Terror," as "The Dial" calls him, has
written an astonishing story of mystery
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418
[October 25
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
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The Dreamers, and other poems. By Theodosia
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Main Street, and other poems. By Joyco Kilmer.
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1917]
419
THE DIAL
Americana
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The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction. By
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Trivia. By Logan Pearsall Smith. 12mo, 157 pages.
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[October 25
THE DIAL
F. M. HOLLY Authors' and Pablloker'
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1917]
421
THE DIAL
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422
[October 25
THE DIAL
THEATRE ARTS
MAGAZINE
AN ILLUSTRATED QUARTERLY
EDITED BY
SHELDON CHENEY
During its first year THEATRE Arts
MAGAZINE has taken first place among
publications dealing seriously with the
theatre in this country. It has provided a
remarkable reportorial and pictorial record
of the work being done in the progressive
playhouses, and it has started a vigorous
fight against the speculators and commer-
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to those who care for the theatre as an art,
and to all who are interested in the pro-
gressive movement in general.
JUVENILE.
Nights with Uncle Remus. By Joel Chandler Har-
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The Boy's King Arthur. Edited by Sidney Lanier.
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Our Children. By Anatole France. Illustrated, 4to,
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The Story Book of Science. By Jean Henri Fabre.
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When Daddy Was a Boy. By Thomas Wood Parry.
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During the first year it published 200
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theatre. Among the contributors were
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Eaton, Robert Edmond Jones, H. K.
Moderwell, Ruth St. Denis, Joseph Urban
and Zona Gale.
The second volume begins with the Nov-
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four issues, unbound. A sample copy will
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THEATRE ARTS MAGAZINE
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25 WATSON STREET
DETROIT
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424
[October 25, 1917
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Author of "The Wonderful Year,"
LIEUT. CONINGSBY DAWSON
By ISAAC F. MARCOSSON
“The Beloved Vagabond," etc.
Author of "The Garden Without
Author of "The War after the
Walls,” etc.
Second large edition.
War," etc.
Frontispiece. Cloth. Net, $1.00
Cloth. Net, $1.50
28 illustrations. Cloth. Net, $1.25
A
JOHN LANE CONPANY
Publishers
NEW YORK
PRESS OF THE BLAKELY-OSWALD PRINTING 00., CHICAGO.


428
[November 8
THE DIAL
IF YOU REALLY INTEND TO SUBSCRIBE IN CASE IT
PLEASES YOU, SEND FOR A FREE SPECIMEN COPY OF
The Unpopular Review
.
In the brief period of its existence [it] has taken rank as the leading publication of
criticism and brilliant comment on current affairs on either side of the Atlantic. From the
Editor of the Providence Journal.
We may say for the benefit of our readers outside of New England and New York that there the literary
judgements of The Providence Journal command as much respect as those of the leading metropolitan dailies.
To carry a copy
is almost equivalent to wearing a badge of intelligence.-
From a circular issued from the retail department of the Messrs. Putnam's bookstore.
The freshness of its points of view is invigorating. The crying need of the weary old
world is to get away from conventional view points; conventional morality and conventional
taste.
(We stand up for most of the "conventional morality and conventional taste." But many a "point of view"
from which they have hitherto been mapped seems to us no longer tenable, and we often try to base our surveys
upon new ones.-Editor.)
the most virile and interesting magazine that I have ever seen.
It had the look of a good half hour morsel before bed-time—and it postponed bed-time
by just over three hours.
a
a
I have read it through from cover to cover since the issuance of the first number ...
easily the ablest review of a general nature we have in this country.-From a Judge of a
State Supreme Court.
It is pleasing indeed to find
so apparent a desire to declare the truth and of
necessity—be named “unpopular.”
Far and away the most stimulating appeal to the intellectuals that has yet been made
by our periodical literature. I can imagine but one possible hinderance to your abundant
success—your falling into the snare that has been the ruin of all previous claims upon
the
illuminati, viz: the notion that only agnostics are intellectual.- From a Clergyman.
(No danger! The number of clergy among our contributors and subscribers forefends that, let alone our
own fervent belief in the essentials of religion.-Editor.]
The most delightful magazine I have yet seen
something else must go for
I must have The Unpopular.
The copy that I received had the most intelligent treatment of the suffrage question I
have ever seen
I would like all my fool sisters to be so enlightened.
A breath from the heights of Parnassus.
Hence the inadvertent failure to renew. But, God bless you, here is your
$2.50 at last.
75 Cents a number. $2.50 a year
.
HENRY HOLT and COMPANY, Publishers, 19 W. 44 St., N. Y.
When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL.


1917]
429
THE DIAL
LIPPINCOTT
BOOKS
ET
1792
1917
seen
FOR SALE AT ALL
BOOKSTORES
Exceedingly Valuable Books for Our Soldiers
"An excecdingly valuable book. Every American soldier will be
helped by reading it.-_Boston Transcript.
How to Live at the Front
By HECTOR MAC QUARRIE; B.A. Cantab. Second Lieutenant, Royal
Field Artillery,
12 illustrations. $1.25 net.
"Over there" it is life or death for body and soul. Americans will
therefore appreciate this frank and truthful presentation of facts from
an English Comrade-in-Arms, who has three active years of
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man's character may be made or destroyed. He gives an intimate,
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Wise Precautions, The Tommy, The Poilu, etc. He tells of the
danger worse than that of bullet that lies in wait for the soldier
behind the lines. Learn the truth and see that copies of this splendid
book are placed in the hands of your son, brother or friend in the
ranks. There has been too much romancing, about the great war in
the books and articles printed on this side, giving entirely false
impressions of the conditions at the front.
Boston Transcript: "An exceedingly valuable book. It is simply,
almost ingenuously written. Outlines all the difficulties and privi-
leges of the different stages in a soldier's development. In fact,
from every aspect, light, serious, deeply human and sincerely religious,
every, American soldier will be helped by reading Lieutenant MacQuar.
rie's book."
Army and Navy Register: "Intended for the guidance of the man
who is going to France. The author handles matters frankly and
helpfully. He writes in a human, wholehearted manner of how upon
the battlefield a man's character can be made or destroyed. The
general reader will read it and gain insight; the young soldier will
find it a source of inspiration and instruction."
New York Sun: “Lieutenant MacQuarrie tells the American boys
what they are to expect when they get on the other side, opening
their eyes to discomforts and perils of all sorts, which they can
avoid if they wish. A masterpiece, a straight-from-the-shoulder
talk that is neither goody, nor medical, but such as men who are in
earnest use among themselves. If any book can make up for the
lack of personal experience in essential matters this little volume can."
J B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY
MONTREAL PHILADELPHIA LONDON
By the author of
“What Men Live By"
The Training
and Rewards of
the Physician
Ву
RICHARD C. CABOT, M.D.
8 illustrations. $1.25 net.
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Complete U. S. Infantry Guide
Profusely illustrated.
2074 pages:
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This volume for officers and non-commissioned officers of all the
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is an absolute compendium of Infantry information.
A TIMELY VOLUME
Religions of the
Past and Present
The Battle with Tuberculosis and How to Win It
Edited by
DR. J. A. MONTGOMERY
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ancient and
modern religions from the
viewpoint that the religion of
each people has presented the
highest ideals of that people.
The authors are members of
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of the University of Pennsyl-
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By D. MACDOUGALL KING, M.B.
6 illustrations. $1.50 net.
The author, a doctor and patient, has become increasingly con-
vinced that the great number of deaths occur, not because the
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must I do this?"
READY IMMEDIATELY
The War and the Bagdad Railway
If I Were
Twenty-One
By WILLIAM MAXWELL.
Tips From a Business Veteran.
8 illustrations in black and
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This is a
snappy book with
a punch, by a man with wit,
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much of the scientific manage.
ment material found in SO-
called business books and in the
uplift stuff heard_in commence-
ment oratory. The humor is
delightful, the iconoclastic talk
on certain notions is refreshing.
A Story of Asia Minor and Its Relation to the Present Conflict.
By MORRIS JASTROW, Jr., Ph.D., LL.D.
15 illustrations and a map. $1.50 net.
This is a different kind of war book but one of the utmost im.
portance. Everyone has heard of the Bagdad Railway but few
realize its true relation to the present conflict. To do so is to gain
a valuable insight into the course of history. This subject has not
been covered in the war literature of the day. Professor Jastrow
tells the story of the Railway from its inception. He shows why and
how it became a political scheme of the first magnitude. The story
of the Bagdad Highway, is romantic and fascinating. The possession
of it has always determined the fate of the East. Europe is fighting
for its possession today just as the Persians, Romans, Greeks, Arabs
and Turks fought for it in the past. To understand its importance
and the relation it bears to our civilization is to understand one of
the underlying causes of the war and one to which the utmost con-
sideration must be given at the Peace Settlement. Professor Jastrow
understands the subject thoroughly: His life work has been the
study of the East and his publications have given him a standing
as an authority on Eastern civilization. His prophetic look into the
future will be of intense interest to serious students of the problems
of the war. The carefully selected illustrations are a feature, as is
also the comprehensive map of Asia Minor, etc., in which both the
ancient and modern names of all important places are indicated.
a
PRESS OF THE BLAKELY-OSWALD PRINTING CO., CHICAGO.


430
[November 8
THE DIAL
LEADING JUDGES OF LITERATURE ARE ALL
AGREED THAT “THE GREAT AMERICAN
NOVEL" HAS COME AT LAST
It Has Been Written
By a North American
About South America
“EL SUPREMO”
EDWARD LUCAS WHITE'S
Romantic Historical Novel About Dr. Francia, the Famous
Dictator of Paraguay. Weaves a New Bond of Interest
Between North and South America
Net $1.90
as
Its graphic, charming pictures of life in sunlit Asuncion 100 years ago-exactly true in all their
colorful details-transport the reader to
A New and Fascinating Land of Romance
different from anything he has ever read before, fresh, picturesque, delightful. Its story, full of plots
and counterplots, political intrigues, revolutionary scheming, social entanglements, romantic episodes,
holds him absorbed from first page to last.
The New England adventurer, William Hawthorne, who goes to Paraguay ostensibly to promote the
export of maté, or Paraguayan tea, but secretly for the purpose of overthrowing, the iron-handed El
Supremo, is at once swept into plots and myster ies and dramatic events, into the gay social life of
the aristocracy and the miseries of the poor, even into intimate friendship with the Dictator himself.
The novel has been compared by leading literary critics with George Eliot's "Romola,” with Conrad's
“Nostromo," with Winston Churchill's “Richard Carvel," with Kipling's "Kim," with Conan Doyle's "The
White Company," with Blackmore's “Lorna Doone." Here are in brief some of their judgr
upon it:
"It Comes_Alive Under Our Eyes."
"The Big Book of the Year."
"It Enriches Our Literature."
“Pages of Enchantment.
“A Rare Kind of Novel."
“A Fine and Splendid Picture."
Rare and fortunate is the novel that wins from critics such unanimous approval and such varied praise
the critical journals of America have given to "El Supremo."
The Nation in a full page review said :-" 'El
The Chicago Daily News in the course of a
Supremo' is fiction upon the heroic scale and in third review recanted entirely a doubting opinion
something very like the grand manner.
expressed in its first article: “'El Supremo' is a
The remarkable thing about this book is that royal character; he needs room to rove in. If
with all its meticulousness of detail, with all its Mr. White could not confine him to the
shifting, kaleidoscope of
and incidents dimension of a short story, neither could we, nor
it does achieve the miracle; it comes alive do we wish it.
And we prophesy soberly that
under our eyes, glows with life and color, shows our grandchildren will agree with us.'
the
true depth and richness of heroic romance.
We are fain to submit the impressions
The Dial, reviewing the novel at length and
of a powerful work of the imagination, a work
with hearty admiration, said that "the author
of genius.”
possesses a remarkable historical imagination and
The New York Tribune declared that “This is
the book lives, and we live with it.'
indeed a remarkable piece of work, picturesque
as fiction and no less colorful as a page of prac- The New York Evening Post in a long, and
tically unknown American history, called the appreciative review said: "The book may fairly
atmosphere "enchanting," said
that
romance be described as extraordinary. For Mr. White has
blooms everywhere under the eyes of parents and attempted the impossible and has almost achieved
duennas, summed up the story as "a vivid, com-
it. The amazing thing is that presenting this
prehensive picture of a period and a life gone immense and bewildering kaleidoscope Mr. White is
beyond recall," and was sure that "it will hold able to give to his picture sweep and expanse,
the attention of all who venture into the
and at the same time to fill in the details so
chantment of its opening pages."
that it is aglow with life and color."
But it is impossible to quote briefly from all the laudatory comment the book has received. The
opinions above prove that the best literary judgment of this country agrees with the publishers of this
novel, that it is without doubt the Greatest American Historical Romance that has yet appeared. And
certainly it would be difficult to find anywhere a more enchanting and exciting, tale than this in which
the reader lives, fascinated to the end, the life of gay and bright Asuncion under the rule of "EI Su-
premo."
one
scenes
en-
POSTAGE EXTRA. AT ALL BOOKSTORES
E. P. Dutton & Company, 681 Fifth Ave., New York
When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL.


1917]
431
THE DIAL
Twelve Books of Political History and Economics
THESE BOOKS ARE RECOMMENDED AS THE BEST OF RECENT PUBLICATIONS
The BRAZILIANS AND THEIR COUNTRY
By CLAYTON SEDGWICK COOPER,
Author of "American Ideals," etc.
With South America daily becoming more important
from a commercial point of view, this interpretation
of the Brazilian by a well-known lecturer and travel-
ler is of especial timeliness. The author contrasts the
two mammoth countries of North and South America
and shows how, though they are totally dissimilar in
race, origin, character and ability, they can still
render invaluable service to each other. Fully illus-
trated. Cloth, 8vo, net $3.50.
Frederick A. Stokes Company.
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: The Polyglot Empire
By WOLF VON SCHIERBRAND, author of "Russia,
Her Strength and Weakness," etc.
An interpretation-historical, social and political
of the forces of progress and of disruption in the
polyglot empire. The N. Y. Tribune says the book
is written sympathetically though without bias.
One of the most informing upon the general subject
of the recent and present condition of Austria-
Hungary of all of which we have knowledge." The
author lived in Austria from 1912 to 1916. Illustrated.
Cloth, 8vo, net $3.00. Frederick A. Stokes Company.
IN THE WAKE OF THE WAR
Parliament or Imperial Government?
By HAROLD HODGE, M.A.
The government of the British Empire and the
working of the parliamentary system are urgent
questions to which the public has been invited, by
statesmen and newspapers alike, to turn its thoughts.
In concise and interesting form the author has put
together in this volume his ideas on the subject of:
The Parliamentary System-The Imperial Govern-
ment--the King and the Council-Finance, etc. 12mo.
Cloth. $1.50 net. John Lane Company, New York.
MINNANUM UUU
BRITAIN IN ARMS
By JULES DESTRÉE
Translated from the French by J. Lewis May. With
a Preface by Georges Clemenceau.
Monsieur Destrée in this book speaks to us of
England, of the effort she is making on sea and land,
and of the resolution by which she is inspired; and
the things he tells us are splendid and reassuring.
His book will strengthen the confidence of our soldiers
and of those who, though not themselves in the
fighting line, support them with their labor. 12mo.
Cloth. $1.50 net. John Lane Company, New York.
NIINISUNTILATINAM
To be published in December
The Life and Services of
ADNA ROMANZA CHAFFEE
Lieutenant General, United Statos Army
By WILLIAM HARDING CARTER
Major General, United States Army
With halftone illustrations
The solitary instance, in the present generation, of
& man who rose from the lowest to the highest rank
in the American Army.
A Christmas gift for your soldier friend. Advance
orders given special attention.
The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill.
WITHOUT AMINTON TITIKANERNAUIMU
An Introduction to
RURAL SOCIOLOGY
By PAUL L. VOGT, Ph.D.
THE UNPOPULAR HISTORY OF
THE UNITED STATES
By HARRIS DICKSON
Straight talk from Uncle Sam about the wars he
has fought, with startling facts that will surprise
those who have relied on ordinary school histories.
But every
fact comes from government records.
"Harris Dickson has done a great public service.
It is a serious book and must be taken seriously. It
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net 75c.
Frederick A. Stokes Company.
POLITICAL IDEALS
By BERTRAND RUSSELL
The newest book by the author of "Why Men
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THE HISTORY OF TAMMANY HALL
By GUSTAVUS MYERS
This timely account of Tammany Hall is no less
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Chapter Headings: Charles F. Murphy's Autocracy;
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The Dictatorship of Richard Croker; Tammany's
Present Status. $2.50 net. Postage 10c extra.
Boni and Liveright, 10542 W. foth St., N. Y.
An Introduction to
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
By CHARLES A. ELLWOOD, Ph.D.
A comprehensive and systematic study of the social
life
its psychological side. It is simply and
clearly written with a view to rendering the most
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psychological-intelligible to the
average reader.
$2.00 net. D. Appleton & Company, New York.
on
PATRIOTISM, NATIONAL AND THE LONGSHOREMEN
INTERNATIONAL: An Essay
By CHARLES B. BARNES
By Sir CHARLES WALDSTEIN
The rapid building of ships is one of the marvels
of the war; the need of longshoremen is imperative.
"We must revise our conception of Patriotism as a
What will be the effect on the terms and conditions
great social virtue, eliminating what is false and
under which these men now work ? For an under-
vicious, and preserving, enlarging and strengthening
standing of present conditions, read chapters on:
its vitality as a passion which makes for higher
The Longshoreman-his characteristics and oppor.
wings, until International Patriotism is effectively tunities, Longshort work, methods of_living and
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irregularity of employment, Wages and Earnings.
this book."-From Preface.
$1.00 net
Russell Sage Foundation, 180 East 22nd Street,
Longmans, Green & Co., New York
New York City.
When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL.


432
[November 8
THE DIAL
A Suggestion to Congress
WE
E were sitting in the smoking compartment of a “Best sellers don't mean entrée to The Modern
Pullman, hitched to a broken down, coughy Library," I said, "though 'The Best Russian Stories'
engine that was jerking its way along the un- and 'The Way of All Flesh' and 'Dorian Gray' and
even tracks that parallelled the St. Croix River. I had several others have been reprinted several times in
been up the Grand Lake Streams for a few weeks' loaf, this edition”-
-fishing, smoking, reading, thinking. As the engine “Do you realize," said Preston, “that those fellows
labored along,—the bleak, stubby remains of fine spruce are doing something big? Only one or two foreign
forests on one side of it and the turgid, little river full publishers have attempted anything as fine as that
of pulp wood on the other, I half closed my eyes and Modern Library”-
dreamily played a monstrous trout on a gossamer line. “That's just what Gerould of The Bellman, William
Just as I was about to land my catch, the chap sitting Marion Reedy and Mencken and Kerfoot and all the
opposite me remarked in the same matter of fact tone critics are saying," I answered. “Clifford Smyth of
in which he might have said Good Evening! "How the New York Times, and he knows books, says:
can they do it for sixty cents!” He seemed perfectly “'If real merit in typography, binding, convenience,
sane, his gray eyes were steady and calm, so my first and—best of all—subject matter, counts for anything,
impulse to plead an engagement developed into the these books are certainly deserving of a fine measure
conventional “I beg your pardon ?” Preston continued, of success. They fill a need that is not quite covered,
“When I answered their first advertisement in The so far as I have observed, by any other publication in
New Republic, I cheerfully anticipated getting sixty the field just now.'”
cents' worth,-if that—some cheap, abridged, poorly
Preston exclaimed, “Great heavens, man, I'm a
edited book printed in eye-straining type on butcher's Modern Library fan myself, but you seem to remem-
manila. But when those two books came!- Just think ber word for word what people say about it. They
-a 350 page copy of "Thus Spake Zarathustra"-I ought to have you on their pay roll." "Well to tell you
had tried for months to get that last word of “Kultur" the truth, they have," I replied with somewhat of a
-translated by Thomas Common and with an intro- sheepish grin, “in fact I'm one of the publishers of the
duction by Frau Nietzsche, and a volume of the finest Modern Library. I wouldn't have started talking
collection of 13 De Maupassant stories I've ever seen, about it if you hadn't wound me up, so you'll have to
and I think I know my De Maupassant. I felt that I excuse me, and"
had cheated the publishers.” Preston paused for breath "Excuse you nothing," said Preston, “there ought to
-I learned afterwards that he is an unusually taciturn be an Act of Congress obliging everyone to read the
man-and before he could resume, I had opened my Modern Library. I'll call it square, though, if you give
bag and fished out two charming limp_croft leather me one of your new lists, and have breakfast with me
volumes, "The Way of All Flesh" and "The Mayor of at the Parker House in the morning.”
Casterbridge" with Joyce Kilmer's introduction.
So we shook hands and a few minutes later, as I
“I thought you were a bit queer,-at first," I said, pulled the tan colored blanket over my legs, the poor
"but they say people are judged by the books they old spavined engine gave an extra cough or two, and
read, so we don't need any other introduction.”
the last that I remember of that night is the vision of
"I should say not,” Preston exclaimed, “collectors of a gigantic trout, reading "The Red Lily" in a barn
the Modern Library don't. Aren't they the most satis- with two cats. Here is the list Boni gave Preston:
fying companion volumes ever?”
PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED
Oscar Wilde..
Just then the crazy engine grunted and pulled up at
Dorian Gray
Strindberg
Married
Machias Junction, where Preston and I got out,
Kipling....
.Soldiers Three
stretched our legs and passed the time of night with a Stevenson.
..Treasure Island
H. G. Wells.
The War in the Air
group of State of Maine lumber jacks. Preston told
Henrik Ibsen.....
. Plays: A Doll's House, Ghosts,
them the yarn about Isaac Newton cutting a big hole
An Enemy of the People
and a small hole in the side of his barn so that both his
Anatole France.
The Red Lily
big cat and her kittens could get out at night, and we De Maupassant.
Mademoiselle Fifi
Nietzsche.
.Thus Spake Zarathustra
could hear their appreciative guffaws as we settled
Dostoyevsky.
Poor People
down again to our pipes and our chat.
Maeterlinck..
.A Miracle of St. Antony
I told Preston a lot about the Modern Library that Schopenhauer.
. Studies in Pessimism
he didn't know. He had gotten only the first twelve
Samuel Butler.
.. The Way of All Flesh
George Meredith.
Diana of the Crossways
titles. He let his pipe go out several times when I told G. B. Shaw....
An Unsocial Socialist
him there were thirty volumes to be had for the same Geo. Moore.
Confessions of a Young Man
sixty cent price and that almost every one of the new
Thomas Hardy.
The Mayor of Casterbridge
Thos. Seltzer.
.Best Russian Short Stories
titles had an introduction by such men as Padraic
JUST PUBLISHED
Colum, Alexander Harvey, Willard Huntington
Oscar Wilde.
..Poems
Wright, etc., which some people thought alone worth
Nietzsche.....
.Beyond Good and Evil
the sixty cents.
Turgenev.
Fathers and Sons
Anatole France.
The Crime of Sylvestre Bonnard
I waxed eloquent and, before we thought of turning
Swinburne
Poems
in for the night, had explained how The Modern Wm. Dean Howells.
..A Hazard of New Fortunes
Library had started with the idea of giving the Ameri- W. S. Gilbert...
The Mikado and other Plays
H. G. Wells.
Ann Veronica
can Public the very best in modern thought at as low
Gustave Flaubert.
.Madame Bovary
a price as possible, and in a simple, attractive, con- James Stephens.
.Mary, Mary
venient form. It included books that had never been Anton Chekhov..
Rothschild's Fiddle, etc.
Arthur Schnitzler.
Anatol and Other Plays
published in this country before, such as "Married” and
Sudermann......
.Dame Care
"A Miracle of St. Antony"; and out of print books; Lord Dunsany..
A Dreamer's Tales
that it bought from other publishers the right to reprint G. K. Chesterton.
The Man Who Was Thursday
such worth-while books of contemporaneous interest
Henrik Ibsen....... Plays: Hedda Gabler, Pillars of Society.
The Master Builder
as Wells' “War in the Air," James Stephens' "Mary,
Haeckel, Thompson, Weismann, etc...
Mary," and Schnitzler's Plays.
.. Evolution in Modern Thought
Hand bound limp croft leather, 60c per vol., at all stores, 6c extra by mail.
Published by BONI & LIVERIGHT, 1052 West 40th St., New York.


THE DIAL
VOLUME LXIII
No. 753
NOVEMBER 8, 1917
CONTENTS
John Dewey
.
Sherwood Anderson :
The Case of the PROFESSOR AND THE
PUBLIC INTEREST.
AN APOLOGY FOR CRUDITY
THE STRUCTURE OF LASTING Peace
GARDEN DREAM
Verse
LITERARY AFFAIRS IN FRANCE
TENDENCIES IN MODERN AMERICAN
POETRY.
.
435
437
439
441
441
H. M. Kallen.
Margaret Widdemer
Robert Dell
.
.
.
.
.
.
Henry B. Fuller .
444
Twin
Prophets of Platitude AND
.
H. M. Kallen.
445
CRITICISM WITH AN UNHAPPY ENDING Richard Offner
. 447
Get-Rich-QUICK PHILOSOPHY
M. C. Otto
449
GOETHE
William Lyon Phelps : 451
DIVERS REALISTS
Conrad Aiken.
453
The TRUTH ABOUT WAR
George Bernard Donlin 455
BRIEFS ON New BOOKS
457
Mr. George Jean Nathan Presents.—The Evolution of Modern Capitalism.-
Love Songs.-An Old Frontier of France.--Social Diagnosis.-Irish Idylls.- The
Budget.-A Naturalist of Souls.-The Expansion of Europe.—My Four Years in
Germany.—The Battle with Tuberculosis and How to Win It.-Myths and
Legends of British North America. The Commercialization of Leisure.--Wil-
liam Dunlap.-The Oppressed English.-Across France in War-Time.—Life and
Times of David Humphreys.
Notes On New FicTION .
463
Fanny Herself.—The High Heart - The Second Fiddle.-We Can't Have Every-
thing.—The Treloars.-Turn About Eleanor.—Temperamental Henry.-In Happy
Valley.
Casual COMMENT
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BRIEFER MENTION.
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NOTES FOR BIBLIOPHILES
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434
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The Case of the Professor and the P