and Young," which
is to be issued through the Oxford University
Press.
Sergeant Arthur Guy Empey has written another
book-"First Call”—which Messrs. Putnam's
Sons will bring out in January of the new year.
His “Over the Top” has sold to the number of
183,000 copies-last counting.
The Polish masterpiece “Pan Tadeusz," by
Adam Mickiewicz, has been newly translated from
the original by George Rapall Noyes, professor of
Slavic languages in the University of California.
It is to be published by Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co.
Tom Kettle, who was one of the conspicuous
Irish leaders, has lost his life in battle for
England. "The Ways of War," a clear explana-
tion of the reasons which led him to fight for
England, has been published in this country by
Charles Scribner's Sons.
One hundred war cartoons by W. A. Rogers, of
the “New York Herald,” have been described
"One Hundred Reasons Why We Are at War."
They have been published under the title of "Amer-
ica's Black and White Book” by the Cupples &
Leon Co., of New York.
Manuscripts as well as people now have their
harrowing tales of encounters with the ubiquitous
submarine. The manuscript of "Three's a Crowd"
arrived at the offices of the Houghton Mifflin Co.
PUTNAMSS
ThePutnam
Bookstore
2west45 st. sve.N.Y.
Book Buyers
BOOKS
as
who cannot get satisfactory local service, are
urged to establish relations with our bookstore.
We handle every kind of book, wherever
published. Questions about literary matters
answered promptly. We have customers in
nearly every part of the globe. Safe delivery
guaranteed to any address. Our bookselling
experience extends over 80 years.


1917]
545
THE DIAL
A page
The Russian
Wolfhound
Identifies
Borzoi Books
31
THE ART THEATRE
By SHELDON CHENEY. A discussion by a man who
has been practically every little treatre, or other
attempt at an Art Theatre in the United States,
and who has been behind the scenes in one for
over a year, of the Art Theatre's ideals, its organi-
zation and its relation to the commercial theatre.
Bound in green Italian boards, art canvas back,
stained top, with 16 distinctive illustrations. $1.50
hier
9)
A BOOK OF PREFACES
By H. L. MENCKEN. Essays on the work of Joseph
Conrad, Theodore Dreiser and James Huneker, and
a very important paper on PURITANISM AS A
LITERARY FORCE, which shows conclusively the
alarming power wielded today by our moralists.
$1.50
WHAT NEVER HAPPENED
By “ROPSHIN." “Ropshin" is a pen-name. The
author is really Boris Savinkov, Minister of War
in Kerensky's Cabinet, and by many regarded as
the coming man in Russia. His novel deals with
the most picturesque and stirring aspect of the
Russian Revolution—the terror in which he him-
self played a conspicuous part and the inside story
of which is here told for the first time. $1.60 net
INTERPRETERS AND INTERPRETATIONS
By CARL VAN VECHTEN. Seven full-length por-
traits of such artists Mary Garden, Olive
Fremstad, Geraldine Farrar, Yvette Guilbert, and
Waslav Nijinsky, whom the author portrays in-
timately-though critically-and seven interpreta-
tive essays on timely musical subjects. $1.50
For sale at all Bookshops. Send
for a complete list of Borzoi Books
ALFRED A. KNOPF Publisher NEW YORK
as
very much battered and water-soaked.
of this damaged manuscript is now to be seen
at the Annual Exhibition of the National Arts
Club in New York.
Dr. Frank E. Lutz's acquaintance with insects
began when he was a boy roving about the woods
and fields in the mountains of Pennsylvania. He
is now on the staff of the American Museum of
Natural History. His “Field Book of Insects” is
announced by G. P. Putnam's Sons.
“The Sewanee Review” has just commemorated
its twenty-fifth anniversary of service as a serious
literary and critical journal. Nearly forty-five
percent of its contributions in these twenty-five
years have been drawn from the South, so that
the journal may well claim to reflect the culture
and the life of the southern people.
Margaret Hill McCarter, author of "Vanguard
of the Plains," a romance of the Santa Fe Trail
published by Harper & Brothers, was born on a
farm in Indiana. At school she first specialized
in Latin, taking up English and history later only
by chance. She has taught school, and is now
an active citizen of Topeka, Kansas.
"The Little Theatre in the United States,” by
Constance D'Arcy Mackay, is announced by Messrs.
Henry Holt & Co. There is a description of each
one of sixty "little theatres” with its history, pol-
icy, achievement, repertoire, as well as its scenic,
lighting, and decorative effects. The book is illus-
trated with twenty or more photographs.
The Page Co. have the following publications
which are attractive as gifts for friends who an-
ticipate winter travel: "The Spell of China," by
Archie Bell; “Arizona, the Wonderland,” by
George Wharton James; “Florida: The Land of
Enchantment,” by Nevin O. Winter; and "Oregon
the Picturesque,” by Thomas D. Murphy.
The Philip Goodman Co., New York, announce
the following: “Lager and Old Ale,” by Eugene
Lombard, a newcomer in the field of casual essay-
ists; a book on women, still unnamed, by H. L.
Mencken, of the "Smart Set”; and a book by a
"certain famous Englishman” upon whose shoul-
ders the company expects to "ride to fame in an
hour."
The author of "Interior Decoration for Modern
Needs" (Stokes) has had a long experience as a
practical decorator and as editor of departments
of home furnishing in magazines. Her book is
designed to meet the average woman's needs, in-
cluding the dweller in the city apartments, and she
gives advice from the choosing of wall-paper to
the placing of the last easy chair by the fireside.
The Russell Sage Foundation has issued a timely
book, "City and County Administration in Spring-
field, Illinois,” by D. O. Decker and Shelby M.
Harrison. Springfield is one of the growing num-
ber of commission-governed cities; it has the
short ballot and a budget system; it furnishes good
illustrations of well-managed, municipally owned
water and electric-light plants; it has a good ac-
counting system. But withal it is hampered by
arbitrary restrictions imposed by state laws upon
its financial and administrative activities.
218
1
RHYMES
PED CROSS MAN
ROBERTW SERVICE
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会员​,每一​言​我​是​真是​自驾​,員​資​員
​RHYMES OF A
RED CROSS MAN
By ROBERT W. SERVICE
Ilustrated by CHARLES L. WRENN
"We have been inquiring for the poetry of the War
In my judgment, here it is."-Witter Bynner.
.
Cloth, Illustrated . ... Net $2.00
Morocco, Illustrated . . Net 5.00
BARSE & HOPKINS
Publishers
New York
bare
ร


546
(November 22
THE DIAL
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He moves from out a continent and moves into a
world.
The prize of $500 offered by the Southern So-
ciety of New York for the best literary work
published in 1916 by a southern writer has been
awarded to Olive Tilford Dargan for her volume
of sonnets “The Cycle's Rim.” The judges in
the contest, which was open to natives of sixteen
states and to works of either prose or poetry, were
Talcott Williams, dean of the School of Journal-
ism at Columbia; Virginia Gildersleeve, dean of
Barnard College; and John H. Finley, state com-
missioner of education in New York. Mrs. Dar-
gan was born in Grayson County, Kentucky, and
went to the public schools in which her father and
mother were continuously teachers, until she was
ten years old. Then with her parents she went
to the town of Doniphan, Missouri, where she
stayed for four years. At the age of fourteen she
herself became a teacher in the backwoods of Ar-
kansas, a region of hills and streams. Through
these years she had always hoped for a college
education, but when she became eighteen her
mother died; her father, now an invalid, returned
to Kentucky, and her chance seemed lost. She
was determined, however, and finally obtained a
Peabody scholarship, which took her to the Uni-
versity of Nashville, Tennessee. After further
teaching and a year at Radcliffe in 1894, study-
ing English and philosophy, she worked as a a
stenographer in Boston and then married a young
South Carolinian, a Harvard student whom she
had met while at Radcliffe. She has since lived
in Boston. Her work includes three volumes of
poetical dramas: “The Mortal Gods and Other
Dramas,” “Lords and Lovers and Other Dramas,"
and “Semiramis and Other Dramas"; "The Path
Flower and Other Verses"; and the cycle of son-
nets that won her the prize.
Columbia University Press
(LEMCKE & BUECHNER, Agents)
New Catalogue of Meritorious Books
Now Ready
AMERICAN BOOKS OF ALL PUBLISHERS sent to
any address, here or abroad
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1917]
547
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
[The following list, containing 120 titles, includes
books received by The Dial since its last issue.]
GABRIEL WELLS
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Announces the
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Acknowledged Master of the Short Story
Finest and ONLY COMPLETE
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Audubon the Naturalist. By Francis Hobart Her-
rick. Illustrated, 2 vols., 8vo, 451-493 pages.
D. Appleton & Co. Boxed. $7.50.
Benjamin Franklin Self-Revealed. By William Ca-
bell Bruce. 2 vols., 8vo, 544-550 pages. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. Boxed. $6.
Writings of John Quincy Adams. Edited by Worth-
ington Chauncey Ford. 8vo, 516 pages. The
Macmillan Co. $3.50.
Years of My Youth. By William Dean Howells.
Illustrated, 12mo, 239 pages. Harper & Brothers.
$2.50.
An Admiral's Wife in the Making. By Lady Poore.
12mo, 374 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $3.
Portraits and Backgrounds. By Evangeline Wil-
bour Blashfield. 12mo, 493 pages. Charles Scrib-
ner's Sons, $2.50.
Francis Joseph and His Court. By Herbert Vivian.
Illustrated, 8vo, 232 pages. John Lane Co. $2.50.
Abdul Hamid. By Sir Edwin Pears. With frontis-
piece, 8vo, 365 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $2.
The Life of Francis Thompson, By Everard Mey-
nell. 8vo, 361 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons.
World Patriots. By John T. M. Johnston. Illus-
trated, 8vo, 319 pages. World Patriot Co., Inc.
$1.50.
Mrs. Humphry Ward. By Stephen Gwynn. With
frontispiece, 16mo, 127 pages. Henry Holt &
Co. 60 cts.
Sam Houston. By George S. Bryan. Illustrated,
12mo, 183 pages. The Macmillan Co. 50 cts.
POETRY
Beggar and King. By Richard Butler Glaenzer.
12mo, 88 pages. Yale University Press. $1.
Garlands and Wayfarings. By William Aspenwall
Bradley. 12mo, 73 pages. Thomas Bird Mosher.
Boxed. $1.50.
Poèmes des Poilus. 12mo, 57 pages. W. A. Butter-
field.
The Wind in the Corn. By Edith Franklin Wyatt.
12mo, 124 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.
Lyrics from a Library. By Clinton Scollard. 12mo,
50 pages.
Thomas Bird Mosher. Boxed. $1.
My Ship and Other Verses. By Edmund Leamy.
16mo, 137 pages. John Lane Co. $1.
The Voice in the Silence. By Thomas S. Jones, Jr.
12mo, 47 pages. Thomas Bird Mosher. Boxed.
$1.
Roses and Rebellion. By Robert DeCamp Leland.
16mo, 32 pages.
The Four Seas Co.
Odes to the Trifles, and Other Rhymes. By R. M.
Eassie. 12mo, 119 pages. John Lane Co. 38. 6d.
Days of Destiny. By R. Gorell Barnes. 16mo, 36
pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.
Early Days on the Western Range. By C. C. Walsh.
Illustrated, 12mo, 81 pages. Sherman, French
& Co. $1.25.
In Divers Tones. By Clarence Watt Heazlitt. 12mo,
60 pages.
Sherman, French & Co. $1.
Songs for a Little House. By Christopher Morley.
12mo, 114 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.25.
Sonnets from the Crimea. By Adam Mickiewicz.
Translated by Edna Worthley Underwood. 12mo,
33 pages.
Paul Elder & Co. 75 cts.
The Little Flag on Main Street. By McLandburgh
Wilson. 16mo, 139 pages. The Macmillan Co.
50 cts.
“Over There." By Harvey M. Watts. 12mo, 48
pages. The John C. Winston Co. 50 cts.
Dreams. By Olive Schreiner. 12mo, 151 pages.
Thomas Bird Mosher. Boxed. $2.50.
By Bendemeer's Stream. By Thomas Moore. 12mo,
47 pages.
Thomas Bird Mosher. Boxed. $1.50.
Poems. By Algernon Charles Swinburne. 16mo,
231 pages. Boni & Liveright. Limp croft leather.
60 cts.
DRAMA AND THE STAGE.
Sacrifice, and Other Plays. By Rabindranath Ta-
gore. 12mo, 208
pages. The Macmillan Co.
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More Short Plays. By Mary MacMillan 12mo, 242
pages. Stewart & Kidd Co. $1.50.
"SCANDINAVIAN CLASSICS”
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translated by H. A. Larsen.
VIII. ARNlJor Gelline, by Björnstjerne
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IX. ANTHOLOGY OF SWEDISH LYRICS,
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548
[November 22
THE DIAL
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The Tidings Brought to Mary. By Paul Claudel.
Translated by Louise Morgan Sill. 12mo, 171
pages. Yale University Press. $1.50.
The Hostage. By Paul Claudel. Translated under
the direction of Pierre Chavannes. 12mo, 167
pages. Yale University Press. $1.50.
The Blessed Birthday. By Florence Converse. 12mo,
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E. P, Dutton & Co. 75 cts.
The Little Theatre in the United States. By Con-
stance D'Arcy Mackay. Illustrated, 12mo, 277
pages. Henry Holt & Co. $2.
Problems of the Playwright. By Clayton Hamil-
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Amateur and Educational Dramatics. By Evelyne
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The East I Know. By Paul Claudel. Translated
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God the Known and God the Unknown. By Samuel
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parente
549
1917]
THE DIAL
138
F. M. HOLLY Authors' and Publlokori
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A CATALOGUE of books and pamphlets relating to the Civil
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The Wonder Woman. By Mae Van Norman Long.
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My Home in the Field of Mercy. By Frances Wil-
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The Messiah of the Cylinder. By Victor Rousseau.
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Hearts Undaunted. By Eleanor Atkinson. Illug-
trated, 12mo, 349 pages. Harper & Brothers.
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About Peggy Saville. By Mrs. George de Horne
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"From Bull Run to Appomattox-A Boy's View"
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ART, ARCHITECTURE, MUSIC, AND
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Vanished Halls and Cathedrals of France. By
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Adventures and Letters of
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554
[December 6
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[December 6
THE DIAL
Books Your Children Will Delight in, and Books
You Will Be Delighted to Have Them Read
The World's Wonder Stories
By ADAM GOWANS WHYTE
Author of "A Comedy of Ambitions," "Yollowsands," etc.
12º. 38 Plates, many Text Illustrations. $1.75.
A really novel book for children. The subject is not one little corner of Nature pre-
sented like a piece of seaweed in a pretty frame or like an animal in a cage. It is Nature
itself. The wheels of life are shown in movement, weaving suns and planets out of star-
mist, shaping living things ever more wonderful until man himself appears.
The Cambridge Book of Poetry for Children
Edited by KENNETH GRAHAME
Crown 8°. Picture End Papers. $1.50.
No better introduction to good poetry could be offered children than this collection,
edited by the author of Dream Days and The Wind in the Willows. It maintains a position
as first among anthologies for Young People.
If I Could Fly
By ROSE STRONG HUBBELL
8°. Five Illustrations in Full Color by Harold Gaze. $2.00.
A book written in vers libre and addressed to children is a novelty. Mrs. Hubbell,
whose Quacky Doodles' and Danny Daddles' Book is a juvenile classic, has employed free
verse to express what a child would do, if he could fly, if he could climb like a squirrel,
if he could buzz like a bumble-bee, if he could make a silky cord like a spider, if he
could be the moon, or the many other things which he would like to be. In harmony with
the poems are the delicately wrought and suggestive pictures by the artist, Harold Gaze,
who contributes five full-page illustrations in color.
Chocolate Cake and Black Sand and Two Other Plays
By SAMUEL MILBANK CAULDWELL
8º. 16 Illustrations by Anna Richards Brewster. $1.50.
These plays have been tried out on the stage and are well adapted for presentation by
children. Two of them, Chocolate Cake and Black Sand and The Undoing of Giant Hot-
stoff, are dream plays, and among the characters that appear to the sleeping heroine are
witches and fairies, giants, ugly frogs, Jack Frost, and many other fantastic beings dear to
the imagination of childhood.
East o' the Sun and West o' the Moon
By SIR GEORGE DASENT, D.C.L.
Crown 8°. 8 Full-page Illustrations. $1.25.
A collection of typical tales of the Northland--of witch, ogre, and troll, those lineal
descendants of the frost giants that, inhabiting the rugged places of the world, are forever
scheming mischief against the race of man. This is a collection of tales sure to delight and
stir up the imagination of children and one which equally merits the study of folk-lore stu-
dents.
At All Booksellers
NEW YORK
2 West 45th Street
Just West of 5th Ave.
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
LONDON
24 Bedford Street
Strand
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1917]
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THE DIAL
Novels are Eminently Fitted for Gifts this season.
They make the least costly presents, and convey
the same message of Love or Friendship that the
more costly gifts do.
FOUR NOTABLE NOVELS
a The White Ladies of Worcester
By the Author of "THE ROSARY"
"Told with the purity of style of which Mrs. Barclay is master, and a fidelity to the finest
emotions which is remarkable. Seldom do we find such characters in fiction, and few are
the writers that can portray them.
"It is a splendid work, full of dramatic power and true to nature, yet reverent with things
that are sacred, and altogether one of the finest books that has seen the light for many a
day.”-San Francisco Call.
b Unconquered
By the Author of "CAPTAIN DESMON, DV. C.”
"Maud Diver has departed in this novel from the Indian background against which her ear-
lier work is set, but she has by no means forsaken her powerfully dramatic method of deal-
ing with an emotional theme.”—N. Y. Times.
“There is a new depth, a new power in Mrs. Diver's latest story.
There is more
spontaneity in it; a surer realization of the facts of life; a truer sense of human values, and
her increased simplicity of phrasing adds force to her tale."-Melbourne Australasian.
c The Heart of Her Highness
By the Author of “ EVERYBODY'S LONESOME"
“A finely woven romance of the old days of chivalry and brutality; a diverting and per-
suasively accurate picture of old Flanders, of Ghent and Bruges and Louvain; a story of
Mary of Burgundy, unhappy daughter of Charles the Bold, of her troubles, and final happy
marriage; a story brightly gemmed with descriptive excellence by Clara E. Laughlin.
“Not for years has so delightful a tale of olden times appeared, far more meritorious than
anything Stanley Weyman ever did."-Cleveland Plain Dealer.
d The Safety Curtain
By the Author of “THE WAY OF AN EAGLE"
"In extraordinary power Ethel M. Dell's novels, as well as her short stories, challenge com-
parison with any writings of our time. Here it is splendidly apparent, combined with mar-
vellously tender witchery and gentle charm quite irresistible. The intensest primal pas-
sions rage through these tales, but never get beyond the equal sway of sweet womanliness
and loyal manhood. Tales which nobody with heart and red blood can read without a
quickening of the pulse, or can lay down without a wish to take them up and read them
again."-N. Y. Tribune.
At All Booksellers
LONDON
2 West 45th Street G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS 24 Bedford Street
NEW YORK
Just West of 5th Ave.
Strand
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558
[December 6
THE DIAL
THE NEW DUTTON BOOKS FOR BOYS AND GIRLS
THE FUNNYFEATHERS
By Lansing Campbell
Net, $1.50
Fully illustrated with full-page illustrations in color and numerous black and
white illustrations running through the text.
All about the doings of the Dinkie Ducklings, Mrs. Panty Banty and the
Black Biddie which you watched last summer in the barnyard.
THE HAPPIFATS AND THE GROUCH
Erm
STORIES AND PICTURES
By Kate Jordar
Net, $2.00
Fully illustrated in colors and black and white drawings running through
the text.
Sure to bring delight to the heart and smiles to the face of any small
person. No frowns or tears could last a minute before the infectious good
nature of these fat, beaming, jolly babies, busy with no end of good times.
From the Funnyfeathers
BEYOND THE MOUNTAIN
By Aunt Sadie (Sarah Stokes Halkott) Author of "Aunt Sadie's Rhymes.”
Illustrated by Katharine Pyle. Net, $1.50
How the plants got their names is told in the spon taneous spirit of make-believe children love so well. The
fanciful verses and Katharine Pyle's charming colored frontispiece and dainty black and white text illustrations
make this volume & most attractive holiday gift for children.
ALL AROUND THE SUN DIAL
By Caroline Hofman. With Pictures by Rachael Robinson Elmer
Net, $2.00
A little volume of rhymes for children written with a childlike simplicity
and sweetness and touched with naive humor. These verses and the lively,
joyous illustrations which accompany them make a very tempting gift book
for the Christmas season.

THE BOY WHO WENT TO THE EAST
AND OTHER INDIAN FAIRY TALES
By Ethel C. Brill. Illustrated by Hugh Spencer. Not, $1.50
A series of Indian Legends with Indian boys and girls as their heroes and
heroines. Although retold to please boys and girls, they keep close to the
original stories.
From All Around The Sun
Dial.
SONGS OF A MOTHER
THE BLESSED BIRTHDAY
A BOOK OF VERSES
By Marietta M. Andrews Net, $1.00
In these sincere and tender poems of a mother
to her children, the reader is led into the intimacy
of home-life, and made to feel the strength and
beauty of mother-love.
A CHRISTMAS MIRACLE PLAY
By Florence Converse
Net, $0.75
A picturesque little play taken from the details of Christ's
birth as given in the Apocryphal gospels. Three large and
beautiful angels—The Angel of the Annunciation, The Angel
of the Nativity, The Angel of the Resurrection sit in the
background ready to aid those who are worthy. Throughout
"The Miracle" the Angels chant the words of the Bible.
The KATHARINE PYLE Edition of
GRANNY'S WONDERFUL CHAIR
By Frances Browne
Net, $2.50
A charming book for children is "Granny's Wonderful Chair," by Frances Browne, with an introduction and many
beautiful illustrations by Katharine Pyle. Published first in 1856, it has become one of the classics of juvenile litera.
ture. The wonderful chair was given to a little girl. Where it carried her and the beautiful stories it told and the
surprising consequences that followed are all narrated.
POSTAGE EXTRA SEND FOR A HOLIDAY CATALOGUE AT ALL BOOKSTORES
E. P. DUTTON & COMPANY,
681 Fifth Avenue, New York
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1917]
559
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Christmas Books
THE HILL-TOWNS OF FRANCE By EUGENIE M. FRYER
Net. $2.50
Many charming drawings by Roy L. Hilton, as well as fine photo-engravings.
The first complete account ever written of the hill-towns of France. A series of word pictures of some of the
castles and other points of interest in French towns. These sketches have charm and individuality and succeed in
giving the old fortresses real character and picturesqueness.
THE BOOK OF THE WEST INDIES By A. HYATT VERRILL
Net $2.50
The author for twenty-five years spent much time exploring, travelling, and now and then living in those
regions, and is everywhere recognized as an authority upon their history and present conditions. The volume is
profusely and beautifully illustrated and tells all manner of things about the islands, seas, people, history, present-
day life, resources, scenic beauties, and interests.
TWO SUMMERS IN THE ICE WILDS OF EASTERN KARAKORAM
By FANNIE BULLOCK WORKMAN and WILLIAM HUNTER WORKMAN
Fully illustrated. Net $8
Adventure of the most thrilling kind is found in the account by these two veteran and inveterate explorers.
They spent the summers of 1911 and 1912 in these awful wastes of ice and rock, and the account of their experience
makes a wonder tale of human effort and achievement.
THE BARREN GROUND OF NORTHERN CANADA
By WARBURTON PIKE
Fully illustrated. Net $:
The author was the first sportsman to penetrate the frozen wastes of sub-Arctic Northern Canada in search
of the musk-ox. His description of his dangerous and exhausting travel is one of the most interesting and enter-
taining books of travel extant.
THE MORTE D'ARTHUR OF SIR THOMAS MALORY and Its Sources
An Introductory Study by VIDA D. SCUDDER
Net $8.50
From Professor Scudder's Preface: "Its fascination for all classes of readers has increased ever since the
romantic revival of the Nineteenth century. Poets and scholars have delighted in it no less than children."
THE DIARIES OF LEO TOLSTOY YOUTH-Volume I, 1847-1852.
Net $$
This is the first of four volumes of the only complete translation authorized by the Russian Editor Vladimir
Tchertkoff. For sixty years, beginning in his early twenties, Tolstoy kept a dairy of his daily life, recording in it
his thoughts, his conclusions, his feelings, his doubts and uncertainties, his actions and friendships, and impressions
of people.
FURTHER MEMORIES
By LORD REDESDALE. Introduction by EDMUND GOSSE. Fully illustrated with many portraits. Net $8.50
Containing many graphic bits of personal recollection, with vivid glimpses of Lord Redesdale's own person-
ality. It is written with that same grace and genial charm which made his former volumes so interesting. Mr.
Gosse's preface gives an entertaining outline of him in his old age.
MEMORIES By LORD REDESDALE
Fully illustrated. ? volumes. Net $10
MADAME ADAM
By WINIFRED STEPHENS
Net $4
The biography is a picture of the wonderful influence which a brilliant woman may exercise in her world.
Madame Adam is the oldest literary light in France. In her long and eventful life she has passed through three
revolutions.
PAUL JONES: His Exploits in English Seas During 1778-1780
By DON C. SEITZ
With a Complete Bibliography
Net $3.50
Illustrated by colored photogravure of a unique wax medallion of Jones in the possession of the author.
Contemporary accounts collected from English newspapers recording his audacious visits to towns along the
English coast. New and interesting light on one of the most romantic heroes of American history. Also a limited
edition of forty-three copies, of which forty only are for sale.
THE FALL OF THE ROMANOFFS
By the author of "Russian Court Memoirs"
Fully illustrated. Net $6
A popularly written and illuminating account of the recent revolution in Russia carried down to the present
situation there, and giving interesting details about Rasputin's influence over the Czarina, the attitude of the revo-
lutionists, etc.
A SOLDIER'S MEMORIES IN PEACE AND WAR
By SIR GEORGE YOUNGHUSBAND
Not $6
Covering a long and eventful life in which there was much soldiering on the Indian frontier and South Africa,
as well as many important experiences in time of peace.
RUSSIAN COURT MEMOIRS. 1914-1916
With 82 illustrations. Net $5
Affording a curious glimpse into Russian life by a member of the Court Circle at Petrograd which was over-
thrown by the revolution. His views of the former Royal Family and members of the Court Circle are different
from those usually presented by the Russian writers.
Postage Extra
Send for Holiday Catalogue
E. P. DUTTON & COMPANY, 681 Fifth Avenue,
At AU Bookstores
NEW YORK
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560
(December 6
THE DIAL
Christmas Books for Boys and Girls
Piang, the Moro Jungle Boy The Story Book
ev:
By Florenco Partello Stuart
A book dealing with a rich but hitherto unexploited
of Science
By Joan Honrl Fabre
field of stirring life and incident, drawn from the A book of popular science,
author's personal experience while sojourning with her about the metals under the
father's command in Borneo and the lower Philippine
earth, the plants and ani-
mals on the surface, and the
Islands. The stories are based on fact and the epi-
planets in the heavens above,
sodes deal with riding a cataract, a crocodile fight, told in story-form by the
capturing a huge python, and other perils of jungle life.
most gifted nature writer of
modern times. Translated
Illustrated by Ellsworth Young. $1.35
from the 19th French edi-
tion.
The Girl Next Door
Nlustrated. $2.00
By Augusta Hulell Soaman
Heroes of Today
By Mary R. Parkman
Janet and Marcia puzzled about the "house next
A series of brief, crisp
door" until their brains were fairly dizzy. Who was narratives presenting vividly
the strange woman upstairs? Why were the blinds the struggle for achievement
and the triumph in service,
always shut? A story as perplexing and interesting
along various lines, of heroes
as “The Sapphire Signet." Illus. by Relyea. $1.25 who have fought their fight
in the patient modern way-
The Lost Little Lady
Hoover, Goethals, Burroughs,
Grenfell, Capt. Scott, etc.
By Emilio Benson Knipe and Arthur Alden Knipe
Illustrated. $1.35
If you like a story with a historical background, a Heroines of
story of mystery and unexpected climaxes, with an Service
ending happy for
By Mary R. Parkman
eryone concerned, get Stimulating narratives of
The Golden Eagle “The Lost Little Lady.”
the lives of great modern
women-Clara Barton, Anna
By Allon Fronch
Mastrated. $1.35 Shaw, Jane Addams, Madame
An adventure tale for
Curie, etc. Each subject
boys and girls, filled with Under Boy
chosen is significant in her
,
relation to some important
the wholesome vigor and
phase of modern effort and
freshness of the sea. Mr. Scout Colors the life of to-day.
Illustrated. $1.35
French's gift of swift narra-
tive is familiar to thousands
By Joseph B. Ames
who have read those popu-
This fine story sets forth the actual life of the great
lar books, "The Junior Cup" Boy Scout Organization (which has officially approved
and "The Runaway."
the book), and the effects upon its members of the dis-
Nlustrated. $1.25 cipline and useful knowledge which it supplies.
Nlustrated. $1.35
Camp Jolly
The Boys' Book of Sports
By Francos Little
Edited by Grantland Rice
Just two men, three boys,
and a dog, camping at the
A treasury of instruction, entertainment, and in-
foot of the Colorado Can-
spiration on sports for every live American boy. Ac-
yon. Can you fancy any
curate and up-to-date. Will broaden and round out
more appropriate name for
the athletic-minded boy of to-day. Edited by the fa-
their shack than “Camp
mous sports expert of the “New York Tribune."
Jolly"? By the author of
Illustrated. $2.00
"The Lady of the Decora-
tion."
Four perennial favorites The Jungle Book
Illustrated. $1.25 for Christmas giving;-
Wonderful stories of the
the Kipling books and Indian jungle, "unique in
Wilderness
literature.” Illustrated. $1.50.
one other:
Pocket edition in red flexible
Honey
leather. $1.75. Holiday edi-
"Captains
tion. Illustrated by the Det-
- By Frank Lilllo Pollock
molds. Boxed, $2.50.
Courageous"
A story of adventure in
Tho Socond Jungle Book
A vivid story of life Uniform with THE JUNGLE
the wilderness of Canada; a
among the Gloucester fish- BOOK. Illustrated by Kip-
story of beekeeping, absorb-
Illustrated. $1.50. ling's father. $1.50. Pocket
ing in its interest. A book
Pocket edition in red flexible edition in red flexible leather.
leather. $1.75.
$1.75.
every young person will
Arthur Rackham's Mother Goose
want to read himself and
The most beautiful Mother Goose ever made. Twelve
lend to his friends.
full-page Rackham pictures in color and many in black
Nlustrated. $1.25 and white. Square. $2.50.
ermen.
At All Bookstores
353 Fourth Avenue
Published by
Now York City
Send for illustrated holiday catalogue of Century books
THE CENTURY CO.
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1917]
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LANE'S HOLIDAY LEADERS-CHRISTMAS, 1917
The Leading Gift Books
A TRIP TO LOTUS LAND
By ARCHIE BELL
Author of "The Spell of the Holy Land," "The Spell of Egypt,” etc.
With 56 Illustrations. Boxed. Cloth, $2.50 net.
An exquisite gift-book, the purpose of which is to convey to the reader something of the joys
of a six weeks' tour of Japan. The illustrations are profuse and charming.
THE RED PLANET
By WILLIAM J. LOCKE
Author of "The Wonderful Year," "The Be-
loved Vagabond,” etc. Cloth, $1.50 net.
A war-time novel of love, courage, and mys-
tery—just as romantic, just as tender as “The
Beloved Vagabond.”
FRENZIED FICTION
By STEPHEN LEACOCK
Author of "Nonsense Novels," "Further Fool-
ishness," etc. Cloth, $1.25 net.
A new collection of good things by America's
leading humorist in high spirits.
THE DEFENDERS OF DEMOCRACY
A Book Dedicated to Our Sallors, Soldiers, and Nurses
Profusely Illustrated in Color and Black and White by Leading Allied Artists.
Large 8vo. Cloth. Full Color Onlay. $2.50 net
The Militia of Mercy has assembled original contributions from the world's most richly en-
dowed writers and artists for this notable Gift Book of nearly four hundred pages. The net
proceeds of the sale of the book will be used in aiding the needy families of the men of the Naval
Militia who have been called to the defense of liberty.
THE
CHRIST
AMERICAN PICTURES AND
HUMAN TRAGEDY IN HADES
THEIR PAINTERS
By ANATOLE FRANCE
By LORINDA M. BRYANT
By STEPHEN PHILLIPS
With 16 Full-Page Illustrations
Author of "What Pictures to
With 15 Full-Page Illustrations See in America," etc.
in Color by Michel Sevier.
by Stella Langdale.
With 230 Illustrations. Cloth.
8vo. Decorated Cloth. $3.00 net
8vo. Cloth. $1.50 net.
8vo. $3.00 net.
One of the brightest examples
A handsomely illustrated vol-
of Anatole France's irony, in An illustrated holiday edition
ume that forms the basis for a
holiday dress with striking il- of this famous author's most fa-
wider knowledge and greater
lustrations by a Russian artist. mous poem.
appreciation of American art.
The Leading War Books
FRANCIS JOSEPH AND HIS COURT
From the Memoirs of Count Roger de Resseguler (Son of Francis Joseph's Court Chamborlain)
By HERBERT VIVIAN, M.A.
Author of "Servia, the Poor Man's Paradise," "The Servian Tragedy," etc.
With 16 Illustrations. 8vo. Cloth. $2.50 net.
The career of Francis Joseph was marked by the successive misfortunes of a fate which dogs
the house of Hapsburg. The history of this family is rife with violent tragedy, and it is stained
with scandal. The story is here told in most interesting and intimate narrative form.
Fifteenth Edition
The Sensational Success
CARRY ON Letters In
WARTIME
By LIEUT. CONINGSBY DAWSON
Author of "The Garden With-
out Walls,” etc.
Frontispiece. Cloth. $1.00 net
Chesterton On English History
A SHORT HISTORY
OF ENGLAND
By G. K. CHESTERTON
Author of “Heretics," "Ortho-
doxy,” “The Crimes of Eng-
land,” etc.
Cloth. $1.50 net
The “Who's Who” of the
Russian Revolution
THE REBIRTH OF
RUSSIA
By ISAAC F. MARCOSSON
Author of "The War After the
War," etc.
28 Illustrations. Cloth. $1.25 net
JOHN LANE COMPANY
Publishers
NEW YORK
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562
[December 6
THE DIAL
IF YOU REALLY INTEND TO SUBSCRIBE IN CASE IT
PLEASES YOU, SEND FOR A FREE SPECIMEN COPY OF
The Unpopular Review
.
In the brief period of its existence [it] has taken rank as the leading publication of
criticism and brilliant comment on current affairs on either side of the Atlantic.—From the
Editor of the Providence Journal.
We may say for the benefit of our readers outside of New England and New York that there the literary
judgments of The Providence Journal command as much respect as those of the leading metropolitan dailies.
To carry a copy
is almost equivalent to wearing a badge of intelligence.-
From a circular issued from the retail department of the Messrs. Putnam's bookstore.
The freshness of its point of view is invigorating. The crying need of the weary old
world is to get away from conventional viewpoints, conventional morality and conventional
taste.
[We stand up for most of the “conventional morality and conventional taste." But many a "point of view"
from which they have hitherto been mapped seems to us no longer tenable, and we often try to base our surveys
upon new ones.-Editor.]
I have read it through from cover to cover since the issuance of the first number
easily the ablest review of a general nature we have in this country. From a
Judge of a State Supreme Court. .
Far and away the most stimulating appeal to the intellectuals that has yet been made
by our periodical literature. I can imagine but one possible hindrance to your abundant
success—your falling into the snare that has been the ruin of all previous claims upon the
illuminati, viz.: the notion that only agnostics are intellectual.-From a Clergyman.
(No danger! The number of clergy among our contributors and subscribers forefends that, let alone our
own fervent believe in the essentials of religion.--Editor.)
The most virile and interesting magazine that I have ever seen.
It had the look of a good half hour morsel before bed-time—and it postponed bed-
time by just over three hours.
It is pleasing indeed to find
so apparent a desire to declare the truth and
of necessity—be named “unpopular.”
The most delightful magazine I have yet seen
something else must go: for
I must have The Unpopular.
The copy that I received had the most intelligent treatment of the suffrage question I
have ever seen
I would like all my fool sisters to be so enlightened.
A breath from the heights of Parnassus.
Hence the inadvertent failure to renew. But, God bless you, here is your
$2.50 at last. .
75 Cents a number. $2.50 a year
HENRY HOLT and COMPANY, Publishers, 19 W. 44 St., N. Y.
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1917]
563
THE DIAL
What costs the least and gives the most?-A Book
MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS I DIPLOMATIC
DAYS
Arranged, with comment
By Albert Bigelow Paino
For more than ten years Albert Bigelow Paine, the biog-
rapher of Mark Twain, has been steadily at work gathering
together these wonderful letters which the great humorist
wrote to his friends in every part of the world. The result
is probably the most important, certainly the most fascinat-
ing, book of the year.
“Rare treasures of humor, pathos, wit, wisdom, reflection, criti.
cism, description, observation, all the varied products and by-prod-
ucts of a nature so richly brave and tender and glowing, are dis-
covered in these delightful letters. The enshrining volumes are
volumes to read slowly, to savor luxuriously, to think and dream
Mark Twain's collected letters spell Twain to the life."-
Chicago Herald.
Two Vols., illustrated. Uniform with Trade Edition of Mark
Twain's Works, $4.00. Uniform with Library Edition of "Mark
Twain: A Biography," $6.00. Limited de Luxe Edition, $10.00.
By Edith
O'Shaughnessy
You cannot have failed to hear of
"A Diplomat's Wife in Mexico," even
if you are so unfortunate as to have
missed reading it. Now comes this
new book by its author, just as de-
lightful. Mrs. O'Shaughnessy is one
of the few living writers who possess
the rare gift of being able to put into
words their vivid impressions of in-
teresting people and picturesque
scenes. Again in these pages she takes
the reader into her intimate confidence
as she tells of men and women who
have played their parts in changing
the course of history.
Illustrated, Crown 8vo. $2.00
over.
Everyman's Chemistry
By Ellwood Hendrick
A real chemistry book, giving a popular view of modern progress in a field of peculiar importance at the
present time, told simply as one would discuss the subject in a private conversation. The effects of the Great
War, and the necessity for chemical independence in this country are emphasized.
Diagrams. Crown 8vo. $2.00.
Years of My Youth Mllustrated Edition By William Dean Howells
This delightful autobiography gains a new value from the illustrations which picture the early life of the
writer. "At once a salutation of youth, a memorial of friendship, a noble tribute to his nearest and dearest,
and a revelation of self that is never tedious."-London Spectator.
IUustrated. Crown 8vo. $2.00.
An American In the Making
By M. E. Ravage
"The humor and clear-sightedness of the author, to say nothing of the colorful and stimulating style, make
the book one of the most interesting products of the season. In the truest sense it is a story of adventure and
quite as fascinating as the most skilfully worked out novel. If one is interested in sociological questions, he will
read it; if not, he will read it just the same."-Spring field Republican.
The Victorious Faith
By Horatio W. Dresser
“What H. G. Wells has sought to do in his novel, 'The Soul of a Bishop,' to discover and express the spiritual
import of the world war, Horatio W. Dresser has sought to accomplish by means of this collection of philosophi-
cal essays which he calls 'a book of Moral Ideals in War Time.' "-Los Angeles Tribune.
Observation: Every Man His Own University
The Prince and the Pauper
By Russell H. Conwell
The author of "Acres of Diamonds" shows that even if you have not been to college, you can be the master
of your own education and your own success. How to achieve these words might be the sub-title. How to achieve
an education, a place in the world, happiness.
Portrait. $1.00.
FICTION
The
The Rise of
David Levinsky By Mark Twain Holiday Edition
By Abraham Cahan
This fascinating historical romance finds
By Basil King
At times this uncanny at last a worthy form. Harper & Brothers
power of Cahan's in working have chosen to mark their Centennial year
Against the background of an image or crystallizing a per- by bringing out “The Prince and the
the Great War, the author of sonality recalls Turgeneff, just Pauper" in this handsome edition-one
“The Inner Shrine" has written as his epic sweep reminds one with which they believe its author would
not only a brilliant novel of of Tolstoi. "The Rise of David have been delighted.
life in Newport and New York, Levinsky' is more than a book
but a book filled with the spirit of talent; in fact, it is a book Seven Ilustrations in Full Cover by
of America's new responsibility of genius."-Boston Transcript. Franklin Booth. Uniform with “The
to the world. Illustrated. $1.50.
Post 8vo. $1.60 Mysterious Stranger." Crown 8vo. $2.50.
High Heart
HARPER & BROTHERS
Established 1817
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564
[December 6
THE DIAL
a
to
THE STURDY OAK-A Composite Novel
-
This story of love, politics and woman's citizenship was written by fourteen American authors,
each of whom did a chapter. The result of this literary experiment is a novel which, according
to The New York Times, is "very clever" and "irresistibly readable.” The authors are Samuel
Merwin, Harry Leon Wilson, Fannie Hurst, Dorothy Canfield, Kathleen Norris, Henry Kitchell
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THE DIAL
VOLUME LXIII
No. 755
DECEMBER 6, 1917
CONTENTS
.
•
.
.
.
.
The POETRY OF STEFAN GEORGE William Kilborne Stewart 567
THE STRUCTURE OF LASTING PEACE H. M. Kallen
570
READING FOR CHILDREN
Sidonie Matzner Gruen-
berg
. 575
LITERARY AFFAIRS IN FRANCE
Robert Dell
· 577
In the TrenchES Verse
Richard Aldington
579
HENRY JAMES AND THE UNTOLD STORY Wilson Follett
579
A DEFENCE OF IDEALISM
M. C. Otto .
582
THE FUTURE OF POLAND
Frederic Austin Ogg :: 583
A FRIGID INTRODUCTION TO STRAUSS Edward Sapir
· 584
FIRST FRUITS OF THE LITTLE THE-
ATRE MOVEMENT
Williams Haynes • 586
KING COAL
Edith Franklin Wyati : 587
BRIEFS ON New BOOKS
· 589
At the Front in a Flivver.-With Cavalry in the Great War.-How to Live at
the Front.-The Dwelling Houses of Charleston, South Carolina.-The Supernat-
ural in Modern English Fiction.—The Future of Constantinople.- Japan Day by
Day.-A Country Child.-Old Seaport Towns of the South.--A History of the
Great War.-Interiora Rerum.-Early Philadelphia.-Four Essays.-Balfour,
Viviani and Joffre.—Richard Cumberland: His Life and Dramatic Works.
Britain in Arms.—The Poems of Edgar Allan Poe.—The Old World through
Old Eyes.- The United States Post Office.-Introduction to Sociology.
NOTES ON NEW FICTION
596
The Fortunes of Richard Mahoney.-No. 13 Rue du Bon Diable.- Jap Herron.-
Conquest.—The Man Who Killed.—The Optimist.-Long Live the King.--A
Castle to Let.—The Dream Doctor.
CASUAL COMMENT
598
CHRISTMAS LIST OF SELECTED JUVENILE LITERATURE
: 600
A SELECTED LIST OF CHRISTMAS BOOKS.
. 605
NOTES FOR BIBLIOPHILES
John E. Robinson
Robinson :
. 606
NOTES AND News
610
LIST OF BOOKS Received
.612
LIST OF SHOPS WHERE THE DIAL IS ON SALE
.614
GEORGE BERNARD DONLIN, Editor
MARY CARLOCK, Associate
Contributing Editors
CONRAD AIKEN
VAN WYCK BROOKS
H. M. KALLEN
RANDOLPH BOURNE
PADRAIC COLUM
ЈонN MACY
WILLIAM ASPENWALL BRADLEY
HENRY B. FULLER
JOHN E. ROBINSON
The Dual (founded in 1880 by Francis F. Browne) is published fortnightly, twenty-four times
a year. Yearly subscription $3.00 in advance, in the United States, Canada and Mexico. For-
eign subscriptions $3.50 per year.
Entered as Second-class matter Oct. 8, 1892, at the Post Office at Chicago, under the Act of
March 3, 1879. Copyright, 1917, by The Dial Publishing Company, Inc.
Published by The Dial Publishing Company, Martyn Johnson, President; Willard C. Kitchel,
Secretary-Treasurer, at 608 South Dearborn Street, Chicago.


566
[December 6, 1917
THE DIAL
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THE DIAL
A Fortnightly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
19
The Poetry of Stefan George
Although the doctrine of art for art's Spirit of Modern German Literature")
sake is commonly supposed to be peculiarly has indeed proclaimed him to be at present
French in its origin and in its practical “the first lyrical poet in Europe. The
manifestations, it has received a surpris. constant coupling of his name with that
ing amount of theoretical support from of Hofmannsthal has perhaps been un-
the German philosophers, at least one of fortunate. The Catholic Rhinelander and
whom, Schelling, was largely instrumental the Viennese Jew hold many a critical
in spreading it abroad. But there has theory in common, but while the latter has
always been until recently a certain hesi- become little more than a talented echo,
tation on the part of German writers to George alone of all his group has shown
show themselves whole-souled votaries of genuine creative power and capacity for
the idea, as if its reputed frivolity were development. His output is not large.
repugnant to the high seriousness of the The fruit of twenty-five years of single-
Teutonic mind with its strong didactic ten- minded devotion to his art consists of six
dencies. It has remained for the present rather slender volumes, and it is significant
generation in Germany to produce a group that of these the last three contain his
of writers who for drastic theory and con- best work.
sistency of practice may be fitly compared The starting-point of these young
with Théophile Gautier or Oscar Wilde. innovators, who may be loosely called
When in the early nineties a coterie of symbolists, was relentless opposition to
young poets began circulating privately naturalism. As a counterblast to the
their "Blätter für die Kunst," they were slogan of "truth in art,” Hofmannsthal
at first ignored as sterile dilettantes, and asserted truculently: "Gedichte sind ge-
later, when their very persistency chal- wichtlose Gewebe aus Worten.” George,
lenged attention, decried as charlatans and with somewhat less the air of paradox,
decadents. Gradually, however, the work has proclaimed his ideal to be “eine Kunst
of Stefan George has won its way into frei von jedem Dienst, eine Kunst aus der
critical esteem, since he first consented in Anschauungsfreude, aus Rausch und Klang
1899 to address a wider public. It is true und Sonne."
A poem, in his opinion,
that his appeal has been limited, for he should evoke and suggest, should hint a
has deliberately restricted his audience by situation or delicately convey a mood, but
all manner of devices, even seeking to should shun facts and logic and lessons
frighten off the casual or careless reader on pain of foregoing its very nature.
by the omission of capital letters and the Above all he has aimed steadily at the
arbitrary misuse of punctuation. This creation of a new poetic style whose key-
may seem to some like an intolerable pose, note is to be distinction. His characteristic
adopted pour épater le bourgeois, but if mood is Olympian. He wants to be aus-
consistency is any test of sincerity, then tere and aloof, draping himself in his
George is indubitably sincere. In his dignity as if he were a high priest. He
desire to protest against the commerciali- refuses to sentimentalize, to coruscate, to
zation and vulgarization of literature, he write "with a punch, or to make any
has never made the slightest concession to other sort of meretricious appeal. Un-
the curiosity or taste of a public whose fortunately his inability to unbend or to
suffrage he does not solicit. Yet fame of take himself and his poetic mission lightly
an attenuated sort has come to him in betrays a lack of humor which the reader
Germany. Abroad one seeks almost in may find grievous to bear.
vain for any recognition of him, though a It is instructive to study George's be-
recent voice (Ludwig Lewisohn in "The ginnings in the light of his subsequent


568
[December 6
THE DIAL
accomplishments. He has collected the seems devitalizing. His poems appear
early poems which he deems worthy of cold, detached, impersonal. This objective
preservation in a volume called “Die mode of procedure has been made familiar
Fibel.”. These verses are competent but by the Parnassian poets in France, but it
”
relatively undistinguished. The tone is falls distinctly out of the German tradition.
adolescently melancholy; love and death Platen almost alone among German poets
are the favorite themes, handled some- has been similarly reserved and restrained.
what in the traditional romantic fashion. Goethe, for all his aloofness, did at least
Their most interesting feature is an occa- lay bare his breast, and Heine, with
sional touch of decadence, which was to his reiterated “lay of a broken heart,
appear as sensational anti-moralism in the introduced into lyric poetry the note of
sequence of
poems entitled “Algabal.” aggressive self-revelation. But innate
The hero of the latter is the notorious Keuschheit der Seele prevents George and
Roman emperor, Heliogabalus, whose ex- his fellows from indulging in any such
ploits Gibbon has recorded with such expansiveness:
unsparing detail. The lines which George Wir werden nicht mehr starr und bleich
puts into the mouth of this imperial Den früheren Liebeshelden gleich,
æsthete and pervert had a certain applica-
An Trübsal waren wir zu reich,
tion to himself at that time:
Wir zucken leis und dulden weich.
Mein Garten bedarf nicht Luft und nicht Wärme,
Sie hiessen tapfer, hiessen frei,
Der Garten, den ich mir selber gebaut,
Trotz ihrer Lippen manchem Schrei;
Und seiner Vögel leblose Schwärme
Wir litten lang und vielerlei,
Haben noch nie einen Frühling geschaut.
Doch schweigen müssen wir dabei.
In this connection it is significant of his It is not surprising, therefore, that the
literary affinities at that time, that he public has been puzzled and frequently
chose to translate Rossetti, Swinburne, alienated, the more so since George's con-
Baudelaire, Verlaine, and Mallarmé. For densation of style and his studied avoid-
tunately this taint of unwholesomeness did ance of trite phrases tend to considerable
not endure. Since “Algabal” he has pub- obscurity. Still it would be a capital mis-
lished nothing that could incur the re- take to suppose that behind the chiseled
proach of perversity, and little that is perfection of these verses there is no
even delicately depraved; and when he significant human experience. Occasionally
resumed his work of translating a few
a situation of tragic intensity is conveyed
years ago, it was put into German portions to the reader by subtle suggestion. It
of the "Divine Comedy.”
becomes almost an exercise in intuition to
George's poems are at the opposite pole attempt to divine the circumstances which
from the simplicity, directness, and clear-
have given rise to the poem and to gauge
cut situations of the folk song. His love the poignancy of the author's feeling.
lyrics deal not so much with individual George's conception of love is neither
episodes as with typical stages of experi- wholly sacred nor wholly profane. It
It has even been surmised that alternates curiously between the heathen
friendship has played a greater part in his Eros and the Christian Caritas in a way
life than love; but for this assumption which is characteristic of this incomplete
there is no real warrant. What he seeks pagan with his Catholic predilections.
to do is not to transmit a feeling at white Perhaps the poet is aware that all his
heat or to reproduce a situation still earthly amatory experiences are but fleet-
tremulous with life, but to pass his emo- ing symbols of an unrealizable love, a quest
tions through the alembic of reflection in
for what is forever beyond reach:
order that the expression may
be Denn meine Liebe schläft im Land der Strahlen.
artistically purified. "Fühlend über dem The case of his nature poems is simpler.
Gefühle zu stehen" is the way one of his There are no wild-woodland notes in his
critics has described his attitude; and music. He sings by preference of tidy
George himself has asserted his ideal to parks with neat paths, trimmed trees and
be "eine Kunst über dem Leben, nachdem benches beneath them, ponds with swans
sie das Leben durchdrungen.” To many floating gracefully on their surfaces,
readers his process of artistic clarification glimpses of statuary in the boscage and
ence.


1917]
569
THE DIAL
of a villa in the background-decorative be rare in the more flatulent Prussia. As
effects which one finds in certain of Böck- a Catholic he is mellow and wise with the
lin's pictures. In the volume "Das Jahr garnered experience of Mother Church.
der Seele" a group of symmetrically From certain poems in “Der Teppich des
arranged poems on summer, autumn, and Lebens" one would think of him as sitting
winter contains some of his most typical in his palace of art "holding no form of
work of this sort. The absence of spring creed, but contemplating all.” Certain it
is not accidental: there is little of the ver- is that his faith is not of the modern
nal impulse, the hope of quickening life, progressive sort; yet it is by no means
or the joy of youth, in this ripe and worldly narrowly dogmatic. It is tolerant enough
wise poet. The following poem, much to include Pan and an occasional hint of
praised by his friend Hofmannsthal, brings Priapus, but it admits of no compromise
out the unsuspected beauties of a late with the gods of modern materialism. He
autumn scene:
has a proud consciousness of his spiritual
Komm in den totgesagten Park und schau: vocation:
Der Schimmer ferner, lächelnder Gestade,
Ich bin ein Funke nur vom heiligen Feuer,
Der reinen Wolken unverhofftes Blau
Ich bin ein Dröhnen nur der heiligen Stimme.
Erhellt die Weiher und die bunten Pfade.
In one of his noblest poems, “Litanei,"
Dort nimm das tiefe Gelb, das weiche Grau,
he has given a moving expression of his
Von Birken und von Buchs; der Wind ist lau;
soul's search after God. The evident
Die späten Rosen welkten noch nicht ganz;
Erlese, küsse sie, und flicht den Kranz.
suggestions of Catholic ceremonial in
these verses are echoed elsewhere, as in his
Vergiss auch diese letzten Astern nicht,
description of the elevation of the host:
Den Purpur um die Ranken wilder Reben,
Und auch was übrig blieb von grünem Leben,
So sinken wir als Gläubige zu Grunde,
Verwinde leicht im herbstlichen Gesicht.
Verschmolzen mit der tausendköpfigen Menge,
Die schön wird wenn das Wunder sie ergreift.
The unwonted simplicity and clearness
of these lines are doubtless due to the fact More appealing to the generality of his
that they are merely descriptive. In many aspiration divorced from all confessional
readers is the expression of religious
other poems the sensuous impressions are
secondary to the mood which they evoke, implications in the only lines from his
or rather it is the unity of man with the poems which have become in any sense a
familiar quotation:
landscape which is brought out:
Wir fühlen dankbar wie zu leisem Brausen
Nicht vor der eisigen Firnen
Drohendem Rätsel erschrick,
Von Wipfeln Strahlenspuren auf uns tropfen,
Und zu den ernsten Gestirnen
Und blicken nur und horchen wenn in Pausen
Hebe den suchenden Blick!
Die reifen Früchte auf den Boden klopfen.
In his so-called Zeitgedichte George
There are occasional indications of an
shows himself an uncompromising oppon-
exotic longing, especially for the South,
although George does not exhibit to the
ent of the spirit of the present age with its
full that Italomania which has character-
materialistic greed, its craze for enjoy-
ized so many German writers since the ment, and its mental and moral distrac-
days of Winckelmann. From a southern
tion. He has apparently no feeling for
such virtues as the times may possess-
shore he writes :
In dieser Luft von Weihrauch und von Rosen,
for example, the sharpening of the social
Wo selbst der strenge Fürst des Endes leicht,
conscience or our keener sense of spiritual
Als sei er nur der Spender von Almosen,
genuineness. His little poem “Hafenstadt
Mit einem Lächeln durch die Lande schleicht. und Mutterstadt” is an apologue to show
George's religiosity finds too constant the futility of what men are pleased to
expression in his works to be lightly dis- call progress. The Mutterstadt, a spot of
missed as the pantheistic prattle of the quiet beauty nestling in the hills, falls into
average minor poet. It is manifestly a decay, while the Hafenstadt, filled with
vital part of his inner life, however diffi- the blatant ugliness of modern commer-
cult it may be to find a formula for it. As cialism, Aourishes apace. George's scorn
a Rhinelander he is an heir of the oldest of the multitude, die Allzuvielen, is as
civilization in Germany with a deep back- sweeping as Nietzsche's. The pessimism
ground of cultural tradition which would in regard to contemporary conditions and


570
(December 6
THE DIAL
LIFE OF
NATIONALITY AND THE ECONOMIC
STATES
the aristocratic aloofness which are al- "den wert der Dichtung entscheidet nicht
most inevitable concomitants of the der Sinn—sondern die Form." Thought
doctrine of art for art's sake are all- and expression are inseparably wedded in
pervasive. He has succeeded in preserv- his ideal and in his practice. His service
ing his detachment even in the present of beauty is not incompatible with ideas,
war and has resolutely refused to make convictions, or aspirations. Art for art's
his art serve the patriotic muse. But that sake, then, never degenerates into art for
his silence implies reprobation of Ger- technique's sake in the work of this austere
many's conduct, no man can say. He is poet whose lyrics are, nevertheless, per-
merely au-dessus de la mêlée.
haps the best example of that striving after
It has seemed advisable to emphasize perfection of form which is one of the most
the content rather than the form of Stefan distinguishing marks of German literature
George's poetry because of the persistent during the last quarter of a century.
legend that he is obsessed by technique and
WILLIAM KILBORNE STEWART.
is little better than a juggler of words.
Formally, indeed, his verse is remarkable
enough. It is doubtful whether any other
The Structure of Lasting Peace
German poet has equaled him in verbal
skill or in the achievement of a harmony
III
of sound that is at once so sumptuous and
grave. His style is exceedingly compact,
with an abundance of compound words and
a frequent use of a genitive phrase in lieu The doctrine of sovereignty was a trans-
of a whole clause. The numerous exple- fer of the divinity which hedgeth about a
tives with which laxer German versifiers king” from the king to the body-politic as
so often eke out their lines are rigidly such. It helped to protect states against
eschewed by him. Metrically he is no the aggression of piratical dynasts, and
great innovator, his favorite measure peoples against the strengthening of their
being a simple four-line stanza with mas- exploiters' hands from without. Inter-
culine and feminine rhymes alternating. fering in the internal affairs of a state is
His greatest virtuosity is shown in his use down in the books as the international
of rhymes, where he has revealed unsus-
crime: internal affairs, like the English-
pected resources in the German language. man's home, were a government's castle,
“Hat ein Künstler einmal zwei Worte from medieval times taboo against entry
miteinander gereimt," he has declared, and search. None the less, instances of
"so ist eigentlich das Spiel für ihn ver- international entry and search count up
braucht, und er soll es nie oder selten heavily, sometimes with good excuse and
wiederholen." That is, of course, a coun-
benevolent motives, as in the case of the
sel of perfection which not even his dis- Hay note to Rumania or some aspects of
ciplined talent has been able to fulfil to
the interference of the Powers in the Bal-
the letter. But the combinations dear to kan embroilments; mostly, however, on the
the heart of the facile rhymester pretence of guarding capital-investing
(for example, Herz-Schmerz, Brust-Lust
, "nationals," or "self-defence," or what not.
Liebe-Triebe) are totally absent from his They occur in states too weak to resist-
writings. Alliteration and assonance are China, Persia, Turkey, Morocco, Belgium,
freely, almost lavishly, employed, though Serbia. Not even America meddled with
with more discrimination than Swinburne Russia's “internal affairs,” though there
was accustomed to show. One runs con-
was better cause than even in the case of
stantly across such lines as these:
Rumania, and not even Russia with Aus-
Ein Wind umweht uns frühlingsweich;
tria's, though there was as good cause as
Sengende Strahlen senken sich wieder;
in the case of Turkey. In point of fact,
Und Luft und Land in lautrem Golde schwammen. sovereignty undefended by force is empty
But George is never content with mere politically, and where an economic relation
sensuous appeal, as might be inferred from exists between one state and another, a lie
a superficial reading of his dictum that economically.


1917]
571
THE DIAL
can
Even with the maximum of political potentiality of victory in war and of
reality, sovereignty cannot withstand the aggrandizement in peace. This rule has
undermining effect of economic enterprise, been England's and it has been one of mag-
particularly the enterprise of the modern nanimity and justice. But suppose that she
industrial and commercial system. This had elected it should not be.
system has automatically generated the Obviously, there is ground for con-
economic interdependence of all mankind. sideration in the claim for "freedom of the
Differences in basic natural resources give seas.” The power and authority to police
the inhabitants of some parts of the world them ought not to rest in the interest or
natural monopoly of one or another raw the whim of one state alone. Freedom
material that can best be converted into a of the seas is like freedom of the streets :
finished product in another part of the it requires a traffic policeman and a sema-
world. There exists in the economy of phore—but the policeman must not be a
mankind a rough division of labor between law unto himself. Responsibility for the
the peoples of the earth, a division depend security of the international highways is
ent on their resources and their abilities, international responsibility. Police power
but kept rudimentary, reduplicative, and assure guaranteed protection only
wasteful because the community of interest when it is responsible to a democratically
which such a division implies is restricted constituted international authority, under
by governmental policies of particularism, whose administration must come not only
which are partly a survival in the medi- the ways upon the high seas, but terri-
ævalism of the European dynastic systems, torially contiguous sea roads, like the Dar-
largely a traditional privilege of interest- danelles, Gibraltar, the Suez and the
and rent-receiving classes. The particu- Panama canals, and the harbor outlets to
larism of warfare has served only to these ways, like Trieste, for landlocked
exhibit more clearly how contrary it is to countries, like Austria and the Balkan
its own needs, how doubly dependent states (it must not be forgotten that the
modern states are on each other at just whole quarrel between Serbia and Bulgaria
those points where their independence is turned upon Serbia's demand of access to
most vigorously flaunted. For example: the sea), and for ice-bound countries, like
Indispensable engines of war require rub- Russia. Restriction of access, discrimina-
ber, sulphuric acid, nitrates, manganese.
tion between states in the use of these
Rubber is to be had mostly from Brazil, ways, have defined interstate relationships
the East Indies, the Straits Settlements; and motivated policies of aggrandizement
sulphur, in commercial quantities, only in ending invariably in war. For access or
the United States, in Japan, in Sicily, and control have meant exclusive sovereignty
pyrites, from which it may be derived,
sea power:
Peace, of which the
largely in Spain; nitrates only in Chile; economic interdependence of nations is the
manganese only in Russia, India, and Bra- backbone, can last only through the inter-
zil. The blockade which cuts Germany off national control of international highways
from these things cuts her off from neces- and terminals which this interdependence
saries of war, and from how many other implies. Freedom of the seas means this
necessaries, besides food, does it not cut and nothing else. It means the divorce of
her off! Her denial of international obli- sovereignty from sea power.
gation can be made effective only through Such a divorce would help little, how.
international obligation. Hence her de- ever, without the coördinate divorce of
mand for the "freedom of the seas” in sovereignty from trade and industry. The
wartime. Try as she will, she cannot, in liaison of these two maintains the tariff
the nature of things, be a modern state and system and requires the flag to follow the
conduct a modern war, and be “self-suffi- dollar. In his “New Freedom” Mr. Wil-
cient." Nor can any other state.
son has made a very clear statement of the
This means that sea-rule is of paramount evils worked by "protection" in this
importance to all the states, for it is country: how it helps to arrest industrial
dominion of the trade-arteries, which are progress, hinders invention, initiative, effi-
the life-arteries of the world, the greatest ciency; exploits workingmen and restrains
or


572
[December 6
THE DIAL
the right division of labor among the ters (the basis of the revolution in Russia
peoples of the world; employs the profits and the heart of the revolutionary pro-
won through the man power of this gramme is land-reform) without restraint,
country for the exploitation of the and in which the personal rather than the
resources and populations of other coun- social control of law and property sus-
tries. And what is true of republican tains the mediævalism of the society whose
America is far truer of dynastic Germany leader is an autocrat and whose govern-,
or Austria or Japan. The case for free ment is a bureaucracy. The social ideal is
trade need not be here recapitulated, nor feudal. Its influence renders nugatory the
the fallacies of protection. What is per- social character which private property in
Ytinent is that protection makes for war. modern industrial society actually pos-
It seeks to create a monopoly of produc- sesses, because in such states ownership
tion or distribution which the modern and political rule are vested in the same
economic system will not tolerate. With- persons, and government needs no sanc-
out tariffs overproduction at home to tion from the governed for its continuity.
undersell abroad, scrambling for exclusive Because the feudal order in Germany is
possession of foreign markets so provoca- older and had the right of way, it is able
tive of competitive armament, the immoral to make a tool of the highly modern indus-
division of "backward" countries into
countries into trial order which interpenetrates it, and is
"spheres of influence" and "protectorates” in principle its enemy. From 1870 on, the
-all these, and the other devices of capi- whole of German society was transformed
talistic exploitation, would have had less into an engine of war to be used in a
chance to wreak the social and political programme of conquest and domination.
evil they are guilty of. This evil rests, in This programme is necessary to the secur-
principle, upon the use of the power and ity of the ruling power, for its rule rests
machinery of the commonwealth for the from its beginnings upon its agreement to
accumulation of private property by anti- protect its subjects against enemies in
social methods. Since the rise of modern return for their subjection. And if there
industrial society capital has, to my knowl- be no enemies, self-defence demands their
edge, failed in one case only of exploitation creation. Thus the whole Prusso-German
of this rent-free privilege. This is the social system derives from the fiction,
case of its attempt to use the blood and carefully nursed and tended, of perman-
treasure of the American Commonwealth ent international rivalries and enmities.
for the private benefit of American capi. The dynasty's control of education has
talists in Mexico. President Wilson's wise made easy the manufacture and sustenance
and firm course with regard to Mexico of a popular mood in harmony with dynas-
constitutes an absolute break with inter- tic interest. German political, economic,
national precedent. It warned foot-loose and social theory, German history and
capital that it undertakes foreign adven- German theology and German metaphysics
ture at its own risk, not the nation's. It have all been made, by the use of govern-
creates precedent for the universal aboli- mental favor for academic place, to
tion of one constant source of international expound the dogma that international war-
irritation. For it compels capitalistic fare is the sine qua non of national prog-
competition in undeveloped lands to ress, that the fulfilment of "the mission of
stay as competition between individuals, Germany" depends upon
depends upon the sword.
whether personal or corporate, instead of "World power or downfall!"
becoming war between the states whence ruin! Not nations, dynasties alone face
the capital flows.
the necessity of these alternatives, and the
Only a democratic victory can convert cry for “a place in the sun," the concep-
this precedent into a principle. States un- tion of "Mittel-Europa," the horrible
der dynastic rule, like Germany,or Austria, animus against England are items in the
or Japan, or Rumania, confuse economic dynastic struggle for self-preservation.
prosperity with personal possession. They The national aid and comfort to the strug-
are states in which landowners are mas- gler is—sovereignty.
Rule or


1917]
573
THE DIAL
That the whole affair is a fiction, a tions which precipitated this civil war
somnambulism, any observer of the actual turned on restrictions as between Ser-
structure of the world's economy must bia and Austria-Hungary. Without sov-
recognize. In that structure Germany ereignty, that is, exclusive possession, a
had a distinguished and beneficent part. state is, under ordinary conditions, shut off
Dynastic pretensions had no share in this from economic growth. The alternative,
part. It was the fruit of the scientific has ever been-rule or ruin. In this
assiduity, the conscientious workmanship, respect, democratic states differ from dy-
the regard for the customer, of the Ger- nastic ones only in degree.
man manufacturer and merchant. These There is a maxim that capital knows no
gave Germany an increasingly important nationality, that it is international, using i
‘place in the sun,” spreading, by their nations simply for the purpose of exploit-
excellence, not only the products of Ger- ng other nations. Whether this be so or
man technological superiority, but German not, labor consciously aspires to inter-
“Kultur,” in South America, in the Near nationality, and its aspiration is a reflex
East, and the Far East, and in Europe and from the indisputable fact that in the
in the United States. They were wel- economy of mankind the wealth of nations
comed, too, as an enrichment of the lives is international. As soon as this economy
of the peoples in those parts of the world, is freed from the repressive stress toward
as a reënforcement in the_coöperative exclusive sovereignty, it must of its own
enterprise of civilization. The dynasty weight and momentum, automatically, pro-
demanded, however, instead of conquest long peace.
by excellence, conquest by war-possession For the economic enterprise is an instru-
and rule. "That," it declares, "cannot be
ment, not an end. It provides the matter
Germanism, which is not inherent in the of the body-politic, but not its mind. This
German state and does not acknowledge mind is the social personality, the national-
the German ruler. The German state ity, of a human aggregate, the product of
must hold dominion wherever there are
its generous and spontaneous energies, of
men of German stock, and if other states
its free self-expression—its culture. In
and other stocks intervene, the German this a people's personality lives and moves
state must hold dominion over them."
and has its being, not in the economic
The consequences in German diplomatic order. That is undoubtedly the founda-
and spy, systems, military organization, tion of our house of life, but we live not in,
and duplicity are notorious. Sovereignty, but on, the foundations. Those exist only
concentrated in a dynasty, is at once an for the sake of the superstructure, and
international bully, a vicious economic pro- the firmer the base, the freer and securer
gramme in the shape of a tariff system, a the movement of those who dwell upon it.
perversion of industry from its proper An internationalized economic order is in-
function, and a trampling of weak peoples dispensable to the liberation of nationality.
first through exploitation, then through The claim to exclusive sovereignty in the
conquest and repression.
economic world has led to repression in
Exploitation consists mainly in the the cultural.
the cultural. Policies of Teutonification
manipulation of the external conditions of or Ottomanization or Magyarization or
the life of a people to their disadvantage. Russification applied by dynastic states to
Exploitation is hindering their free use of subject or conquered peoples were policies
roads, harbors, any means of communica- of murder of social personalities. They
tion without which the development of were guided by the belief that the repres-
their resources is useless; it is appropria sion and replacement of one language and
tion of these resources or, where that is culture by another would lead to acquies-
impolitic, discrimination against their de- cence in foreign dominion, making foreign
velopment by means of a “protective” rule easier by forced abolition of its
tariff. The second Balkan war turned on foreignness. Nothing could have been
such limitations, as between Serbia and blinder. A social personality, a national-
Bulgaria, and the Austro-Serb complica- ity, resists murder as does an individual,


574
[December 6
THE DIAL
and is infinitely harder to kill. Exploita- vide for equality of commercial oppor.
tion and even slavery are tolerated, as tunity—for equal access to undeveloped
the non-political and non-resistant Jewish lands, to raw materials, to carriers, to har-
nationality has tolerated them. But it is bors, to markets. Law must provide for
.
significant that it has clung to its cultural the freedom of the highways of the world
integrity and spiritually dominated its to the peoples of the world. These are
masters. So with all nationalities. Assault the economic implications of the “princi-
on spiritual values is met with immediate ple of nationality,” and so the safeguards
and powerful resistance: it is this assault of lasting peace.
that makes war between civilized peoples Their attainment has for its first con-
most of all inevitable.
Idition that there be banished from the
Historically the assault derives from a council of nations any power whose exist-
false equation which the necessities of ence is identified in fact as well as in
dynastic survival in the modern world assumption with a programme of exclu-
formulate. The political state, declares sive sovereignty. Such an identity exists
I the equation, is identical with its economic in the case of dynastic governments of rule
interests and its economic interests with its or ruin, so that President Wilson's refusal
nationality. Once more we have the dogma to treat with the present German govern-
of exclusive sovereignty. Its falsity also
ment is well-advised. But it must not be
in this form need not be argued. We may forgotten that there are others.
observe the precedent and example of its Let no one regard the enactment and
contradictory in the economic history of administration of such law as Utopian.
the “sovereign states" of the United States
Even realpolitiker, like Mr. Root, and
of America, a nation of local state govern- congenital tories, like Mr. Roosevelt, will
ments and diversified nationalities, freely admit that in our present alliance against
associating as cultural groups, freely co-
the murderous German dynasty necessity
has forced at terrible cost what intelli-
operating in the free trade of interstate
commerce, its members citizens at once of gence could have achieved with ease.
the American Commonwealth and of the of America and our allies are to-day
respective states. Time was when eco-
avowedly what we have long been uncon-
nomic rivalry was as bitter between these nity. We do maintain what is practically
sciously, a coöperative economic commum
states as between the European, and tariff
a free trade, we have pooled our carriers,
wars and military conflict were not un-
we have internationalized the world's
heard of. But our federal system has highways, we are preventing profiteering
allowed the prosperity of each state to in restraint of international trade. Our
act, as in the course of nature it had to,
commerce with our allies has become a
as a direct function of the prosperity of rudimentary interstate commerce. Our
vits fellows. There is no silly talk about economic interests are socialized, and the
"the balance of trade" between states, and socialization is in effect a limitation upon
other incidents of bookkeeping. The the sovereignty of each state in the
ineluctable fact of the interdependence alliance. At the same time the acknowledg-
of the “sovereign states” is incorporated ment and recognition of the social person-
into, not opposed by, the laws of the states. alities, the nationalities within the alliance,
International commerce is only interstate is enhanced, even of Australia and Can-
commerce writ large and the problems ada. That is what coöperation does. If
of its control and regulation are of the it is an advantage for the wastage of war,
same kind. The ineluctable fact of the eco- what may it not mean for the use of peace!
nomic interdependence of mankind must
Its form and technique need only to be
be written into the laws of nations as it studied, perfected, and extended, to
has been written into those of the states.
become the form and technique of the life
Law must declare and reënforce the fact of nations under the provisions of a demo-
that the foundation of national prosperity cratically established peace.
is international comity. Law must pro-
H. M. KALLEN.
We


1917]
575
THE DIAL
Reading for Children
We take it for granted that children right quite as often as the converse. Nev-
will read. Reading is so important an ertheless, these primitive stories have their
instrument in present-day adjustment that value, although they should not be ad-
we expect it of every person as a matter ministered in excessive quantities. Per-
of course. We depend so much upon haps the best antidotes to the undesirable
reading for our intercourse with others, fairy tales are other fairy tales—that is,
with those who are separated from us in tales from varied sources. The different
space or in time, that we are very apt to manner and the contrasting mode of
attribute to reading certain powers and thought suggested by Hungarian and
virtues that really belong elsewhere, and Irish tales, by Chinese and Danish tales,
we are apt to value reading as something help to widen the outlook and the sympa-
having a virtue of its own. And thus we thies when a more restricted repertory is
are in danger of overlooking the very ob- likely to fix prejudice and intolerance.
jects that reading is to serve.
The myths and hero tales stress courage
For the youngest readers the book may and fidelity and self-confidence, and fur-
be a source of entertainment, since the nish a natural transition to the romance
story interest is prominent; and reading and chivalry of early adolescence. At
becomes for many a form of passive in- every stage so far these stories give body
dulgence and absorption that calls for little to the common racial aspirations, they
action or thinking. But while it is legiti- help to clarify certain types of ideals, and
mate to use books, both for
younger
chil-
to interpret the familiar human relations.
dren and for older ones, as a form of As they "feed the imagination,” they lay
entertainment, the danger suggested lies the foundation for the later appreciation
not in the books themselves, but in other of poetry.
elements of the child's environment—as The personal interest that makes these
the lack of stimulus or opportunity for in- earlier forms of literature so appealing to
teresting activities. The other purposes young children can be directed into history
of reading can be more easily attained if and biography. The value of the latter
the child early becomes familiar with the is commonly exaggerated on the assump-
use of books; and this is made possible if tion that they furnish important informa-
the association with reading is from the tion.
tion. The chief value, at least so far as
beginning a pleasant one.
the development of ideals and standards
The story interest of the young child is is concerned, would seem to lie in their
used almost unconsciously the world over concreteness and reality rather than in the
as a channel for stimulation and inspira- specific significance of the facts and events
tion. The fairy and folk tales of all coun- they teach.
they teach. The drama and the best fic-
tries satisfy the interest and at the same tion give the child more valuable pictures
time suggest crude interpretations of na- of life than he is likely to get from his-
ture and elemental aspirations, in keeping tory and biography as they are ordinarily
with the child's mental and emotional de- written. History and biography are
velopment. They reach the child's needed to assure him that the truths of
imagination at a time when he can easily fiction are substantially representative.
project himself into the personality of the Like the "unreal" stories considered
hero, and thus enrich his vicarious experi- suitable for younger children, history and
ence in a large variety of relations and biography should teach about people and
situations which he can appreciate. plots, about conflict of purposes and of
That the "morals" of many fairy and ideals, about achievement and failure.
folk tales are at least dubious, is gener. And above all, in selecting books of this
ally recognized. They do indeed often class, we must guard the child against
teach the triumph of virtue, but quite as books written to cultivate intolerance and
often the advantage of deceit and cun- chauvinism and bigotry.
People and
ning. Or they teach that might makes events should carry the reader beyond his


576
[December 6
THE DIAL
village and his neighbors, and bring him one thing, there are not enough sons and
close to men and women of worth in all daughters of employers to go round.
times and all places.
In the third place, much of youth's read-
The many and diverse appeals to the ing is to meet the normal craving for a
buyer of books for children tend to con- rationalized interpretation of nature's
fusion, with the frequent result that mysteries; and the older books necessarily
recourse is had to the old and safe stand- overlooked the great discoveries in every
ards of our own earlier years. We know department of science. There are com-
that our reading did not hurt us, and as- paratively few children who will care to
sume that therefore it is harmless for the
pursue science and nature studies inten-
new generation. And it is true that the sively; but every child should at least have
reprints of older juvenile literature repre- the opportunity to have his questions
sent the survivors in a rather severe se- answered in accordance with the best
lective process. Yet in many respects the knowledge of our times. The newer books
newer books written especially for chil- in this field are not only more valuable
dren have decided advantages over their because of the more trustworthy informa-
tried competitors holding over from the tion they contain; but they are coming
past.
more and more to be characterized by a
In the first place, the purposeful books modern point of view.
of the past were written down to the chil. There is a peculiarly persistent Victor-
dren, for the most part -diluted and ian affectation that there are some books
simplified versions of adventure and mor- that "every child should know." This
alities conceived essentially from the notion has its roots in the renaissance; but
adult point of view. With our greatly it needs to have its branches pruned.
extended knowledge of the child's mind, Every child should know the world in
the new juvenile literature is better which he lives as thoroughly as it lies in
adapted to reach the interest, the under- him to know it. This world includes tra-
standing, and the emotions of the young ditional lore and characters, "classic" tales
reader. It is, so to speak, more "effi- and long-enduring, if not eternal, verities.
cient" as a vehicle for transmitting ideas It is well to assimilate a great deal of this
or moral impulses.
intellectual background. But it is more
In the second place, the external world urgent to learn the present world and the
of human relations has changed so rap- world in which he is going to live. Some
idly within the lifetime of the parents of children are inclined to organize their
the children that books which were ade- ideas on a basis of historical retrospect-
quate sources of information concerning they ask, What came before that, and be-
foreign countries, how people live, indus- fore that? Others, however, no less in-
trial conditions, and so on, are no longer telligent and no less valuable as social
adequate-except perhaps as "historical” assets, seem to be quite indifferent to what
documents. As sources of information, went before; they are the pragmatists who
books of travel, books on man's achieve- ask, What of it?—and look to see what
ments, even fiction, must be quite recent- can be done here and now. Moreover,
if the child is to get from them a reliable while the classics should be accessible to
picture of the social world in which he all, it is worse than useless to cultivate an
lives. The books that relate the strug- affectation of appreciation for "the best"
gles and triumphs of the boy or girl who —and it is desirable to cultivate the reali-
went to work at an early age and even-
zation that classics are always and every-
tually married the employer's daughter where in the process of making.
(or son, as the case might be) no doubt Guidance in reading is not a thing by
did well enough in their day; one could itself. Like other efforts to direct chil.
make a lengthy catalogue of their virtues. dren's development, it must take into ac-
But there should be no place for these count individual differences, capacities,
books in the hands of children to-day: for and needs. Reading must reach the in-


1917]
577
THE DIAL
terests of the child as he is, not as we Literary Affairs in France
think he ought to be. And it must be
opportune, not only from considerations
(Special Correspondence of The DIAL.)
of local and temporary conditions and Louise de La Vallière, the mistress of Louis
events, but from the viewpoint of the XIV, ended her days, as everybody knows, in
child.
a Carmelite convent, where she died in 1710
Much thought has been given to at the age of 64. Mlle. Eve Lavallière, who
building up a new literature for younger is not yet 64 although she is a grandmother,
children. More needs just now to be seems to have been moved by the example of
given by parents and teachers to the in- her celebrated namesake, for it has been an-
troduction of the young reader to lit- nounced recently that she is about to leave the
erature intended primarily for adults. stage for the Carmelite order. She was inter-
The transition from the reading of juven- viewed in her apartment in the Champ Ely-
iles to the reading of books intended sées, stripped of its furniture, where the re-
primarily for adults is beset by special porters found her in the kitchen by the side of
difficulties, like all other transitions in her truckle-bed, dressed in rough material and
the child's adjustment. Parents and
accompanied only by a faithful dog and an
teachers should face the situation with
equally faithful and weeping maid. Mlle. La-
vallière informed the reporters that a country
more assurance, however, than is com-
curé had led her to a state of grace during her
mon. We do not seem to hesitate about
last summer holiday; "if you only knew," she
placing in the hands of young people the
said, "what happiness it is to have faith.” This
adult novels of a past generation—those
of Dickens, Scott, or Victor Hugo. Project of the popular actress of the Variétés has
is, unfortunately, an age of skepticism and the
Neither should we fear to give them ac-
been somewhat skeptically received in Paris. In
cess to the good novels of contemporary
the “Temps" M. Paul Souday has pointed out
writers. Mrs. Fisher's “The Bent
that, although the transition from the stage to
Twig,” Ernest Poole's "The Harbor," or the convent is not extraordinary, perhaps even
Joseph Conrad's "Under Western Eyes," quite natural,—he cites the historic example of
as beginners, may contain a great deal Thaïs,—the doors of Carmelite convents are not
that is over the head” of the boy or girl. open to anybody that chooses to walk in, and
But there is no harm in that, and in gen- Mlle. Lavallière does not seem yet to have taken
eral we must recognize that a high-grade the necessary preliminary steps. He suggests that
piece of fiction will contain more than her decision is not perhaps final and, indeed, it is
most readers can immediately assimilate; already rumored that she may shortly be seen
the young reader will get what he can, again on a Parisian stage. When I last saw her,
and he is likely to ignore what does not some little time before the war, she had the part
concern him.
of a boy of sixteen in M. Népoty's play, "Les
It is out of the question for any per-
Petits,” at the Théâtre Antoine, and she both
son to read everything that must be passed looked and played it to perfection.
upon before being offered to children's M. Paul Géraldy's first play, “Les Noces d'Ar-
use. It is necessary to consult annotated gent,” has just been published by Messieurs Crès
lists of classified reading, made up by
in a volume at four francs. The reading of it
librarians or others interested primarily has confirmed the impression that its first per-
in selection, rather than by dealers or pub- it is the best play that we have been given for
formance at the Comédie Française made on me;
lishers, who are interested primarily in
a very long time and altogether a remarkable
marketing. And since it is possible to
obtain competent counsel about particular ture of its young author. Its theme is the tyr-
work which promises well for the dramatic fu-
books, the value and the character of chil-
anny of the family, especially in France, a
dren's reading ought to rise about as fast
tyranny arising from affection but no less dis-
as we care to give the problem our best
astrous on that account. We see the inevitable
thought.
misunderstandings and estrangements between
SIDONIE MATZNER GRUENBERG. parents and children caused by the failure of the


578
[December 6
THE DIAL
former to understand that their offspring, at a The Italian defeat has naturally renewed the
certain age, have the right to direct their own pessimistic tendencies that American intervention
lives. Perhaps the play would not be fully in the war had dissipated. When America came
understood in America or England, where par- in, a victory for the Central Empires seemed
ents do not, as many do here, expect their chil- quite impossible, and now they have shown that
dren even when they are married and have set they are still capable of inflicting a serious blow
up homes of their own to live in their pockets, on the Allies. That does not mean that they
so to speak, and to ask their opinion on every will obtain the ultimate victory, but everybody
occasion. But even in America and England here realizes how serious would be the conse-
there is often the failure of the older generation quences if the north of Italy were occupied by
to understand that the younger is not necessarily the enemy. It need not, of course, be assumed
wrong because it does not accept all the opinions that that will happen; we can still hope that the
and judgments of its elders. It is amusing to advance of the Germans and Austrians will be
observe how often even men that have been checked, but opinion is prepared to face the
counted as “advanced" and really were so up to worst, if it should come.
a certain age, become at that age fixed in their Many people share the opinion of M. Briand
opinions and accessible to no new ideas and are that it was a mistake to refuse consideration of
the most determined opponents of any views more the peace proposals made to him by Germany.
advanced than their own. The conservatism of If it be true, as M. Briand says, that Germany
the middle-aged is one of the chief obstacles to was prepared to restore the complete independ-
the progress of the world. There are certain ence of Belgium, cede Trieste and the Tridentine
faults in M. Géraldy's play; he sometimes forces to Italy, and even, on conditions, Alsace-Lor-
the note. Thus, the parting of the daughter raine to France, it might have been wiser to
from her parents after her marriage at the end allow M. Briand to go to Switzerland to meet
of the first act is not quite natural. Even a
Prince von Bülow, as he was invited to do. He
French jeune fille, who sometimes marries merely would then have been able to ascertain whether
in order to get a little liberty, does not leave the
the proposals were really serious and, if so, to
home of her childhood without regret.
obtain a definite and detailed programme to lay
The
before the other Allies. It would be impossible
tyranny of the bourgeois French family is begin-
ning to break down-young girls, in particular,
to make peace at the expense of Russia, but the
demands of Germany in regard to Russian ter-
are acquiring more liberty and that detestable
ritory might have been withdrawn in the course
word "convenable" is losing its power—but “Les
of negotiations. Evidently Germany will never
Noces d'Argent" is still timely.
make a peace proposal that the Allies can accept
A wholesome corrective to the indiscriminating
as it stands without discussion. The sole ques-
abuse of the Russian Revolution, which has been
tion is whether every proposal is to be refused
too common here, will be found in M. Charles
at once without examination. M. Briand con-
Rivet's book, "Le Dernier Romanoff" (Paris; siders that M. Ribot put the matter in such a
Perris). M. Rivet, who was for a long time way to the British, Italian, and Russian govern-
the Petrograd correspondent of the "Temps," ments that a negative reply on their part was
gives an account of the old régime which should inevitable. The Chamber, at its secret session
convince the most conservative that any change on October 16, seems to have taken M. Briand's
must have been for the better. When one real- view, for M. Ribot was obliged to retire from
izes the appalling heritage of bankruptcy and office in consequence of his conduct in the matter,
universal disorganization that Tsarism left to The first proposals were made to M. Briand
the revolution, one understands the present through the intermediary of a distinguished Bel-
situation in Russia, which can never be put gian, who has remained in his own country since
straight so long as the war lasts. Instead of the German occupation and was allowed to
condemning the Russians for wanting peace, we come to France through Switzerland to see M.
ought to sympathize with their tragic situation Briand. Both the Belgian and the Rumanian
and admire their heroism in standing loyally by governments agreed with M. Briand that the
their Allies and refusing to accept the separate German proposals, without being acceptable as
peace which they could have to-morrow on the they stood, were a sufficient basis for negotia-
most favorable terms.
tions.


1917]
579
THE DIAL
Internal politics are still in a disturbed con- Henry James and the Untold
dition, owing to the various politico-judicial "af-
fairs." M. Léon Daudet's letter to the Presi-
Story
dent of the Republic accusing M. Malvy, late
THE Ivory Tower and The Sense OF THE PAST.
minister of the interior, of treason, caused an By Henry James. (Charles Scribner's Sons;
immense sensation. The government, after hav- each, $1.50.)
ing refrained from prosecuting M. Daudet for In these two posthumous fragments of Henry
calumnious denunciation, made the mistake of James we find consummation without comple-
accusing the royalist league, the Action Fran- tion-consummation of the author as spectacle,
çaise, of which M. Daudet is a leading member, as object of the appreciative regard, without com-
of a plot against the Republic. After numerous pletion of either of his cherished pieces of ma-
police raids no conclusive evidence of a plot was terial. It is not too much to say that the stroke
discovered and the charge had to be abandoned. which cuts these off, at the end of the first third
ROBERT Dell.
or thereabout, has the undesigned yet singularly
Paris, November 8, 1917.
valuable effect of turning Henry James himself
into the hero, the very centre and fulcrum of
interest, of either tale; Henry James being here
In the Trenches
the name for a particular kind of appreciation of
life fused with a particular kind of fictional
I.
method. These two, the appreciation and the
Not hat we are weary,
method become one, make up the whole of our
Not that we fear,
later Henry James-not, one hastens to add,
Not that we are lonely
because he narrowed his appreciation to the con-
Though never alone
fines of a narrow and special method, but be-
Not these, not these destroy us;
cause he deepened and intensified his method
But that each rush and crash
until it included the sum of his appreciation of
Of mortar and shell,
life. He became our one example of the per-
Each cruel bitter shriek of bullet
fected identity of the man with the artist
That tears the wind like a blade,
Each wound on the breast of earth,
through the evolution of the artist, not through
Of Demeter, our Mother,
the devolution of the man. It is of this evolu-
Wounds us also,
tion and this identity that we get, in "The Ivory
Severs and rends the fine fabric
Tower” and “The Sense of the Past,” the
Of the wings of our frail souls,
uniquely clinching evidence.
Scatters into dust the bright wings
Each of the tales breaks off but to leave us
Of Psyche!
in possession of three- or four-score pages of dic-
II.
tated “notes,” wherein we see the author think-
Impotent,
ing himself toward and into his subject, feeling
How impotent is all this clamour,
This destruction and contest. . .
his way about in it, studying it in every bear-
ing and implication, recording and strengthening
Night after night comes the moon
his possession of it, watching its possibilities more
Haughty and perfect;
and more radiantly dawn for him. In these
Night after night the Pleiades sing
notes, never meant for print, we have our dis-
And Orion swings his belt across the sky.
Night after night the frost
covery and our compensating thrill. We must
Crumbles the hard earth.
indeed do without the accustomed thrill: that
of the Henry James subject wrought through
Soon the spring will drop flowers
to the catching of every thread into its place
And patient, creeping stalk and leaf
in the pattern, until the whole becomes instantly
Along these barren lines
Where the huge rats scuttle
accessible at one pounce of the reader's atten-
And the hawk shrieks to the carrion crow. tion. But to have had that would have been to
miss the excitement of this other triumph, the
Can you stay them with your noise ?
Then kill winter with your cannon,
capture, not of Henry James's subject, but of
Hold back Orion with your bayonets
Henry James himself in the act of capturing it.
And crush the spring leaf with your armies! Elsewhere we behold his spectacle-taking, in the
RICHARD ALDINGTON. measure of our responsiveness, his point of view


580
[December 6
THE DIAL
and his place, becoming in truth himself. Here Past” promised all the rich, full orchestral reso-
we behold rather the beholder. We see his nance of novels such as “The Ambassadors" and
mind perform upon his material the very op- “The Wings of the Dove”; yet, in its entire
erations our minds would have to perform upon dissimilarity from anything else that even James
the finished story if it existed; we trace his whole could have written, it is as isolated and self-
coherent series of guesses, anticipations, specula- sufficing as "The Great Good Place" or "The
tions, doubts, solutions; we see him in short as Madonna of the Future" or "The Turn of the
an absorbed reader of the stories that were not Screw.” Not even its author had ever under-
yet written, precisely as we have ourselves been taken to add such warmth and spaciousness of
readers of the other stories, the ones that are treatment to such amazing virtuosity of design.
written. Elsewhere, the Henry James story It is easier on the whole to describe the design
gives itself up to the reader. Here, it is only than the treatment, and by that law which makes
to the author that it gives itself up; and what it easier to describe a product of fancy than one
the reader gets is the author himself. The of imagination. It is a trick of the fancy that
prefaces to the New York edition give us a re- James practised upon Ralph Pendrel, the "first
trospective account of how Henry James told the young man" of "The Sense of the Past." An
story that cannot be told; they are jotted notes of oddly untraveled, unworldly young American
how a done thing was done. But these newer man, author of "An Essay in Aid of the Read-
and more astounding notes are prefaces in a ing of History," in love with a notion of his
much more elemental sense: prefaces, not to an own that the spirit of time past can be recovered
edition, but to the very doing of a thing for- as no one has yet had the fine sensibility to
ever to remain undone.
recover it, he tumbles through such an open
That, and the publication of both documents trapdoor of the bygone as not his most extrava-
at once, constitutes their equality and their unity. gant moment could have dreamed the existence
There is no other equality; and the circumstances of. On the death of a distant English cousin
in common between the two projects emphasize, he "comes in for” a house in London, "some-
as hardly anything else could, their differences thing strange and storied, ancient and alien.”
in pretension, in design, in scope. "The Ivory Hardly sooner has he taken his first preliminary
Tower," if a great thing, is great in the smallest peep at it than he exchanges identities with a
ways associable with its author. A study essen- young man of 1820—a young man in one of
tially of money, of those who have it not and the portraits within the house. His "sense of
of those who have it thrust upon them, of the the past" projects him, we are given to under-
lengths to which some will go, and others will stand, into the period, the personal situation,
not, to get it or keep it, the story probes shrewdly the very love story, of that remote ancestral rel-
into some aspects of our American social scene. ative, his other self of 1820; which other self,
But it belongs among such late and relatively a person with an exactly corresponding "sense
little things as "The Outcry" and "The Sacred of the future," is left in turn to explore the
Fount," without the beguiling farce of the one strange delights of his future—that is, the pres-
or the uniquely confessional purpose of the other. ent out of which Pendrel has just dropped.
It confirms and ratifies, it annotates, it re-
These paired situations, that of the modern
exhibits an artificer supremely concerned with young man fallen into the wrong century to
the alternation and distribution of his points take up in medias res the love story of his proto-
of view, passionately and gaily resolved "to type, carrying it forward with a vaguely sensed
achieve the lucidity with the complexity"; but disquietude and “malaise," and that of his shad-
it changes or enlarges nothing. "The Sense owy alter ego projected forward by a century
of the Past," on the other hand, changes every-
into a modern and alien world—what do they not
thing. It alters the shape, pushes out the bounds, mean, in possibilities, values, "force and felicity,”
of the whole Henry James world, adds a sub- to Henry James? They mean, of course, every-
stantial figure to the sum of imaginings, achieve- thing; or at least they promise everything, and
ments, beauties, perfections. Fitly, James could would as surely have meant it had he been given
turn back to it from his appreciation of Rupert the time to make them do so. But, centrally
Brooke, at a time when “The Ivory Tower" and especially, they mean the general superiority
had ceased to hold him. “The Sense of the and rightness of the present as compared with


1917]
581
THE DIAL
the past. This was Henry James's faith, one while he, with her assistance, shaking her off
deciphers, as well as his paradox. Loving old
after he has, as it were, used her, wins his way
perfections as he did, he yet had the grace to see back to it and out of her sight and sense for
that only the lapse of time had made them old; ever.”
precisely in time lapsed is our modern advantage, There are more meanings here than can be
our thing to value. It is only on the present that convoyed into so narrow a harbor as this review.
everything else comes to focus, only for it that There is, for example, abundant suggestion of
everything was made. This, surely, is the mean- the way Henry James valued the past—that is,
ing of Pendrel's "malaise" as he falls in love with as something best worth knowing because to
the wrong sister and tries to make himself believe know it lends sense and direction to one's love of
that she is the right one; this is the meaning the present, which must, out of dead things, faded
of his instinctive cry at first sight of the right beauties, livingly re-create itself. Here too is
sister: “'Why she's modern, modern!” The the disproof—not indeed that we could not find
same meaning is wrought into Pendrel's dim, it everywhere else-of Miss Rebecca West's the-
groping sense of the chivalrous amenities and ory of Henry James's "odd lack of the historic
gentilities of modern intercourse, the like of sense." "He had," she writes, “a tremendous
which he looks for in vain in the hard and sense of the thing that is and none at all of the
rather too grossly hearty Georgian social life; thing that has been, and thus he was always being
it is wrought as well into the others' blank fail- misled by such lovely shells of the past as Hamp-
ure to make him out, their conclusion that what ton Court into the belief that the past which
is really the stifled modern in him can only be inhabited them was as lovely.” Other judg-
a queer kind of transatlantic cleverness. And, ments, of the same critic and of others, are put
most touchingly, it is suggested in the pained and out of countenance by this most challenging of
protesting reappearances of Ralph's alter ego, the books that can never be written.
who, poor troubled ghost, is no more quite con- But I brush aside a dozen such matters to end
tent with his fulfilled dream of the future than on a suggestion that in "The Sense of the Past"
is Ralph with his of the past, and who must we have the rounding out and ultimate logic of
return to show a hurt face on the occasions of
the international novel as Henry James created
Ralph's doing and feeling such things as no it. His one constant material formula was to
youth of 1820 could have done and felt.
study different, not necessarily opposed, types of
The chief of these "deflections” is Ralph's ap- breeding at their best—that is, crystallized each
preciation of the right, the "modern,” sister, in its best possible human products. That he
who makes him feel "the beautiful pity of her does even in “The Ivory Tower," where, al-
divination" of his malaise. To her, in what was
though the characters are of American extraction,
evidently to have been a movingly climactic
the hero's attitude toward most things, and es-
scène à faire, Ralph pours out everything that
pecially toward money, is more of the Old World
he means, everything that the author too means,
than of the New. He had done the same in
about past and present.
Even the denatured
such early novels as "Roderick Hudson" and
prose of the notes opens here immense perspectives
"The American.” Most often, his types of
of emotion, of effect, of truth: "For it would bestness cross oceans to produce their effects on
seem to me kind of sublime that he now, at
each other; sometimes they touch across gaps of
last now, opening up, opening out, everything
time, as in “The Aspern Papers," a drama of
that he has had before to keep back, tells her generations, epochs; rarely, they overleap the
such things about those fruitions of the Future very barriers of our common materiality, to live
which have constituted his state, tells her of
for a few breaths, as in "The Great Good Place,"
how poor a world she is stuck fast in compared
for beauty or for terror that knows nothing of
with all the wonders and splendours that he is
local habitations and names. In "The Sense of
straining back to, and of which he now sees only
the Past" all three of these appeals are superposed
and fused into one.
the ripeness, richness, attraction and civilisation,
Continents and capitals
the virtual perfection without a flaw, that she
touch; then interpenetrates with now; and both
stands dazzled before it and can only be shut
space and time exist only as symbols, in the time-
up in the heartbreak of remaining so far back
less and spaceless world of the story that can-
behind it, so dismally and excludedly out of it,
not be told.
WILSON FOLLETT.
1
1
1
1
23
1


582
[December 6
THE DIAL
A Defence of Idealism self unaffected by the changes characteristic of
mental life. So, too, we read again, there is
A DEFENCE OF IDEALISM. By May Sinclair. (The unity behind the phenomena of nature. "The
Macmillan Co.; $2.)
law of conservation of energy is nothing if not
Philosophical literature is notoriously dry read-
a confession that, as far as the physical world
ing. We are accustomed to hold the subject
goes, incorrigible multiplicity and difference do
responsible for the repellent style in which it
not obtain.” Mysticism, realism, pragmatism,
appears, and are therefore always surprised to
vitalism—all are compelled to contribute to the
come upon a philosophical study which is under-
force of the argument. One cannot say that
standable without great effort. If, in addition, it
the logic is always sound. One cannot agree,
sparkles with wit and good humor, as does May
for example, that since science recognizes the
Sinclair's defence of philosophical idealism, we ultimate constitution of matter to be energy,
are as likely to condemn it as “popular” as to
and since it is agreed that the so-called material
find it a rare achievement.
qualities are not found in it, we may conclude
It was like a woman to come to the defence
that this energy is spiritual, and that following
of the under dog. Every dog has his day even
the path of physics we arrive inevitably at an
in philosophy, and philosophical idealism had a
absolute experience as the final reality.
No;
long day. Indeed, it is difficult to tell, accord-
ing to the author, whether the evident twilight lively, readable.
not always sound, but always keen, vigorous,
of idealism follows a sunset or precedes a sun-
It is doubtful, however, whether the book
rise. "There is a certain embarrassment," she
will please the idealists unless the idealistic tem-
writes, “in coming forward with an Apology
perament has recently become much less dog-
for Idealistic Monism at the present moment.
matic as the result of successful attacks upon
You cannot be quite sure whether you are put-
the idealistic position. Dogmatism is, at all
ting in an appearance too late or much too
events, quite foreign to May Sinclair's book.
early." Of one thing, however, we may be
She aims at a tentative solution.
sure, she thinks, that idealistic monism, if dead,
It is not, and it cannot be, a question of certainty.
will be born again. It will rise again because
No reasonable person demands certainty at this time
it lives on in the heart of the very system that of day. The utmost he is entitled to demand is a
for the time being may have superseded it. It
certain balance of probabilities. Perhaps not even
that. Perhaps only here a balance and there a chance,
has been so over and over again since philosophic
and there, again, an off-chance, a bare possibility.
speculation began in the ancient East, and the
The book is obviously an attempt to ascertain
future will be like the past. "Pragmatic Hu-
what exactly the various philosophical systems
manism and Vitalism are going from us in the
are driving at when reduced to the simplest terms
flower, you may say, of their youth.” The
and stated in clear English. It would be rash
contest even now is between realism and ideal-
to say that she succeeds or that anyone could
ism. And the author believes "that some day succeed in doing this. “A Defence of Idealism"
(which may be as distant as you please) the
does, however, present in clear, readable fashion
New Realism will grow old and die, and the
what one clever writer after a careful examina-
New Idealism will be born again."
tion believes to be the strong and the weak
The argument of the book is the old one that
points of the competing philosophies of our day,
all paths lead to the Absolute. Start out in ex- and as such is a suggestive book for the thought-
perience anywhere and there is but one resting-
ful layman and the student of philosophy who
place for the spirit that seeks an explanation. has not offered his soul as a sacrifice to his
At first sight pluralistic philosophies seem
system.
That she finds all philosophies com-
have all the advantage in appealing to facts, but pelled at last to admit a unity in things, and
this is the superficial aspect of things; even a
that this proves to her satisfaction that some
little thought always discloses the unity behind
form of idealism—the philosophy of unity-is
and within the multiplicity. In a chapter on
on the whole the most acceptable, serves only to
"The Pan-psychism of Samuel Butler" we are
shown that one indestructible primal energy per-
give her presentation an artistic completeness and
to put before the reader a well-rounded argu-
sists through all the Aluctuations of the psyche.
A chapter on "Some Ultimate Questions of Psy-
ment for a philosophical creed with which an
chology” contends that our conscious life has
educated person may be supposed to be at least
a unity which it could not have if there were no
acquainted.
M. C. OTTO.


1917)
583
THE DIAL
ilar step.
The Future of Poland
the devastation wrought by pillage, hunger, ex-
posure, and disease has been added that of fratri-
THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF POLAND. By Edward
cidal war.
Through the fearful cloud of
H. Lewinski-Corwin. (The Polish Book Im-
disaster that has settled upon the unhappy people
porting Co.)
THE RECONSTRUCTION OF POLAND AND THE NEAR
only one ray of sunshine has broken. In No-
EAST. By Herbert Adams Gibbons. (The Cen- vember, 1916, the Central Powers announced
tury Co.; $1.)
their readiness to recognize an independent king-
In view of what has happened, there is deep
dom of Poland, and subsequently the Russian
irony in the fact that a considerable section of
revolutionary provisional government took a sim-
the Polish people should only a few years ago
But as yet these declarations are
have looked forward to a world war with a
hardly worth the paper on which they are writ-
feeling of grim satisfaction. The sense of ruin
ten, and the fate of what remains of the Polish
was so keen, and the plight of the people under
people is still in the lap of the gods.
Russian and German rule was so pitiable, that
The story of Poland has been told for English
patriots were ready to welcome a general inter-
readers many times, but in view of the startling
national conflagration as the last hope of a re-
chapter which is being added to it before our
vived nationality. Save in the event of a wiping very eyes much interest attaches to Mr. Lewin-
of the slate by war for a remaking of the map ski-Corwin's recent and up-to-date volume. In
and a redistribution of political power, the Polish
some 600 pages Polish political development is
question seemed buried forever.
sketched from prehistoric times to the events of
In 1912 representatives of all the independence the present year. The earlier portions of the
parties of Russian, Prussian, and Austrian Poland volume possess no special distinction. They suf-
actually met and formed a committee charged fer by the exclusion of economic, social, and cul-
with the task of drawing up a plan of procedure tural matters, and will be found drier reading,
when the crash should come, and making mili- and no more authoritative, than two or three
tary preparations for the expected contingency. single-volume histories which have been available
The decision was, in the event of a war which for a decade or more. The last two chapters,
should find Russia on one side and Austria and however,—dealing with "constitutional Russia
Germany on the other, to throw support to Aus- and the Poles” and “the Polish question and the
tria. Bitter hatred of Prussia was a strong argu- Great War,”—have decided value, not alone be-
ment in the other direction. But of the three cause they bring the story up to date, but because
powers, Austria had dealt with the Poles most
they show an unusually keen insight into the
leniently; Russian oppression extended over perplexities of the contemporary Polish problem.
eighty per cent of the ancient Polish republic; It is the author's opinion that this problem has
it was expected that Russia would be hopelessly never before "been so near its full and satisfac-
beaten; and a federal union of a reconstituted tory solution"; the necessary and sufficient guar-
Polish state with Austria and Hungary seemed antee of such a solution he finds in President
the most desirable arrangement short of complete Wilson's affirmation before the Senate, January
independence.
22, 1917, that he took it for granted that “states-
The storm broke before even the Poles ex- men everywhere are agreed that there should be
pected it; and never was there greater disillu- a united, independent, and autonomous Poland."
sionment. Instead of finding themselves in a In his interesting essay on the future of Poland
position to act with deliberation and turn the Mr. Gibbons attributes the promises of both the
situation to their own advantage, the unhappy Central Powers and Russia to sheer expediency,
people saw their portion of Europe become im- and argues that the decisive success of either
mediately one of the principal theatres of the group of belligerents in a short war would have
war, where whole nations met in a terrible death meant for the Poles "merely the passing from
grapple. From Galicia to the Dwina the coun- Scylla to Charybdis.” He shows how incom-
try now lies one vast scroll of horror. Further- plete and provisional are the arrangements that
more, two million Poles of military age were have been made for the reconstituted Polish
drafted into the armies of the three contending Kingdom, and advises the Poles to hold fast for
powers and lined up on opposite sides of the the time being to their several allegiances, in the
battle field, brother against brother; so that to expectation that the self-respect of the Entente


584
(December 6
THE DIAL
Allies will never tolerate putting back "under A Frigid Introduction to Strauss
Russian slavery” those who are loyal to Russia
during this trial, and that, after what has hap- RICHARD STRAUSS, THE MAN AND HIS WORKS.
pened in Ireland, the English people cannot
By Henry T. Finck. With an Appreciation of
Strauss by Percy Grainger. (Little, Brown
hold against the Poles of Galicia and Posnania
& Co.; $2.50.)
the fact that they remained loyal, for the dura- This is a useful survey of the external facts
tion of the war, to Austria and Germany.
touching the life and musical compositions of
Mr. Gibbons shares Mr. Lewinski-Corwin's
Richard Strauss. It is also, as the writer seemed
opinion that the only rational and enduring solu-
to be very eager it should be, a reasonably en-
tion of the Polish question is an independent tertaining volume, liberally besprinkled, as it is,
Poland, a nation which shall be in no way sub- with anecdotal matter and journalistic chit-chat.
ject to either Russia or Germany. But he wisely But it does not, on the whole, suggest that it
warns against the temptation to press territorial has been a labor of love. Mr. Finck makes it
demands too far. Polish enthusiasts loudly pro- abundantly clear in the course of his remarks that
claim their purpose to bring together again all his reason for writing the book was rather the
the lands that are "historically" Polish, without fact that Strauss is considered one of the greatest,
regard to whether these lands are now predom- if not the greatest, of living composers than that
inantly Polish or capable of developing real eco-
he himself considers him to be such. And the
nomic and political solidarity. Even if the Poles general tone of Mr. Finck's book is blasé, some-
were in a position to determine the matter single- times yawningly so. His own spontaneous
handed, they would be making a great mistake reactions to Strauss are so consistently unsympa-
in saddling themselves at the outset with a group thetic that he evidently fears at times to create
of irredentist controversies. "No cataclysm of in the reader an impression of unreasoning preju-
defeat,” the writer properly says, "whichever dice; he therefore protects himself by calling on
way the war turns, is going the compel Germany copious testimony from other writers. "You
and Russia to give up Silesia, the Prussian Baltic Straussianer just fight it out among yourselves,"
coastline, Lithuania, and Podolia, and it is he seems to say, and steps back with a shrug of
doubtful if the Poles can make good their claims
the shoulders.
to the eastern portions of Galicia."
Mr. Finck's lack of sympathy is only partly
On ethnographic and economic grounds, Mr. due to Strauss's obvious shortcomings his crass
Gibbons would include in a future kingdom of realism of conception, his lack of a distinguished
Poland about two-thirds of German Posnania,
melodic vein, his needlessly complicated orches-
the Russian kingdom of Poland (including trations, his frequent want of restraint and ten-
dency to lapse into sheer vulgarity. We could
Khelm), and Galicia, excluding the eastern re-
gion known as Red Ruthenia. That a Poland
hardly expect Mr. Finck to forgive Strauss these
sins. In one of the most charming essays on
thus constituted would rapidly “become the sev-
Chopin that I have seen he has implied how
enth great power' of Europe" we may readily
much he understands and values the jeweled and
believe; although Mr. Gibbons's estimate of the
the chastened in art, how ardently he loves the
service to be rendered by such a nation as a
limpid flow of perfect melody and the delicious
buffer state will not instantly carry conviction.
echo of subtle and softly pedaled harmonies. But
Of the three or four miscellaneous essays melody and the glow of harmonic sequence, pre-
which complete Mr. Gibbons's volume, one cious as these are, are not the whole of music.
pleads for the internationalization of Constan-
The more massive qualities exhibited by Strauss
tinople and its appurtenant European lands, an- at his best—the power to fill a large canvas
other urges the formation of Syrian and
with color and movement, the titanic artistic
Armenian states as a partial solution of the prob- unity and inner coherence attained through poly-
lem of Asiatic Turkey, and a third advises a phonic mastery, and, above all, the will and
policy of “hands-off” in the Balkans. The power to give concrete musical expression to
author writes from long and intimate knowledge large thoughts and unbridled passions, to the
of eastern European politics, and his suggestions Rabelais and to the madman both that are latent
are worthy of the earnest attention of statesmen in all of us—these are not to be lightly ignored.
and diplomats.
Here precisely it is that Mr. Finck seems not
FREDERIC AUSTIN OGG. quite adequate to his task.
He has evidently


1917]
585
THE DIAL
little genuine love for polyphony as such, for his account of Strauss's career and his descrip-
the interweaving of independently moving melo- tion of the musical compositions themselves is in
dic lines. That the polyphonic technique has evidence in this section as well. The inevitable
frequently degenerated into mechanical virtu- anecdotes, random remarks on various speci-
osity need not be denied. It is doubtful, for all mens of programme music (MacDowell's piano-
that, whether the history of music records any forte sketches come in for warm appreciation),
means of expression more virile and resourceful a determined and gallant attempt to convince us
than the free polyphony of modern music. Mr. that the symphonic poem has reached its artistic
Finck is also doubtful, it would seem, of the culmination in Liszt, and divers evidences of
legitimateness of such wealth of expression in Strauss's inferiority to his Hungarian precursor
pure tone as Strauss gives us. He may be right, fill up space that one would have liked to see
but only one prepared to meet Strauss at least devoted to the rationale of the programme move-
half way in his artistic presuppositions is gen- ment and to the varying ideals that have ani-
uinely qualified to interpret him to us. That mated its representatives. We are not given even
is why Mr. Ernest Newman's far shorter study a serviceable notion of the nature of Strauss's
of Strauss seems so much more vital; the few æsthetic procedure, of the manner in which he
pages that Romain Rolland devotes to Strauss aims to reconcile the conflicting demands of
in his “Musiciens d'Aujourdhui” also reveal a literary conception and musical treatment, of
deeper understanding of the musical personality the symbolic significance of leading motive,
of this composer.
instrumental individualization, and polyphony.
Underneath all Mr. Finck's hesitations and
And what of the evolution of musical form
shrinkings in the presence of Strauss's tone poems in the compositions of Strauss, the acknowl-
and operas, may we not discern a more funda- edged master of form? In brief, we nowhere
mental clash of temperaments, the refined irri- feel that we are being brought to a realization of
tation of the cultivated Sybarite who looks on
the nuclear conceptions of Strauss the artist.
at the capers of a healthy barbarian, a spirit at- How then can the reader justly estimate the
tuned to Tennysonian felicities subjected to the place to be assigned Richard Strauss in the his-
uncouth liberties of a Walt Whitman? Some- tory of programme music, whether his tone poems
thing of the kind is conveyed by Percy Grainger represent a logical and healthy development of
in the following words, taken from his inter- ideas that owe their most authoritative formula-
esting introductory essay:
tion to Berlioz and Liszt or, as Mr. Finck would
Strauss is not a musician's musician like Bach,
have it, mark the degeneration of the programme
Mozart, Schubert, Grieg, or Debussy, capable of tendency?
turning out flawless gems of artistic subtlety and per-
Be that as it may, there is little doubt that
fection, but rather is he a great cosmic soul of the
Goethe, Milton, Nietzsche, Walt Whitman, Edgar for the present programme music has reached
Lee Masters caliber: full of dross, but equally full its apogee. Signs of revolt have been in evi-
of godhead; lacking refinement, but not the supremer
dence for some time; the cumbrous literary con-
attributes; and uniquely able to roll forth some great
uplifting message after gigantic preliminaries of structions that were meant to give form to
boredom and inconsequentialness.
elaborate tonal creations seem to crumble of their
(Do Schubert and Grieg quite belong to the first own weight. It is probable that the program-
list? Do Goethe and Milton feel quite at ease mists have attempted too much, that they have
with their neighbors in the second?) It is the tried to get as much service out of Pegasus as
"dross,” the “lack of refinement,” and the “gi- out of a willing dray-horse. The future alone
gantic preliminaries of boredom” that too fatally can tell whether they have indeed attempted the
affect Mr. Finck; the "godhead" and "supremer impossible or have merely sought the arduous
attributes" seem altogether lost in the scramble. conquest with means too coarse and untried,
In the section devoted to "Program Music" have mistaken a Rosinante for the real Pegasus.
Mr. Finck has a splendid opportunity to analyze Meanwhile, a clear swing back to the absolutists,
the psychology and ästhetics and trace the de- Brahms notwithstanding, is a sheer impossibility.
velopment of one of the most interesting musical However music may tend to be chastened of its
phenomena of the last hundred years. I cannot luxuriance of symbol, the spell of fancy and mood
find that he has made very serious use of the that the romanticists and programmists have
opportunity. The externality that characterizes cast over it will not disappear. Self-determina-


586
[December 6
THE DIAL
tion of form and emotional expression—if these First Fruits of the Little Theatre
alone remain, their attainment by way of the
perhaps circuitous route of the programmists will
Movement
have justified the Liszts and Strausses.
The UNSEEN HOST AND OTHER WAR PLAYS. By
Yet all the while I find myself seriously dis- Percival Wilde. (Little, Brown & Co.; $1.25.)
trusting the psychological validity of the current Trifles. By Susan Glaspell. (Frank Shay;
35 cts.)
classification of composers into absolutists and
ANOTHER WAY OUT. By Lawrence Langner.
programmists or impressionists. To an altogether (Frank Shay; 35 cts.)
unwarrantable extent we have been taking mu- THE LAST STRAW. By Bosworth Crocker. (Frank
sical artists at their own valuation, at the sur-
Shay; 35 cts.)
DOLORES OF THE SIERRA AND OTHER ONE ACT
face value of their titles and programmatic PLAYS. By Harriet Holmes Haslett. (Paul
analyses. Is it not possible, nay likely, that an Elder & Co.; $1.25.)
palling proportion of the musical "programmes" The little theatre is not an end in itself, but a
authorized by composers are afterthoughts de- means to an end. Its influence upon both stage-
signed, consciously or unconsciously, to lure the craft and playwriting must be sought not di-
public, always an essentially unmusical body? rectly, but indirectly; and yet its influence is
Or to give an external conceptual frame, of sub- greater than any of its accomplishments. What
jective associative value, to a lyric impulse that the little theatre does counts for less than what
has already untranslatably expressed itself in it prompts others to do. It is as a school for
tone? We know that Schumann gave titles to future American dramatists that the little-the-
his pieces after he had composed them; the con- atre movement has literary significance.
ceptual label, in other words, was probably more And there is great need for such a practical
a flourish of the pen, a Finis, than a genuine training-school. It is a truism that the the-
æsthetic stimulus. The wayward whimsy or atrical business puts a premium on experience in
burning passion was there from the beginning, play-making. The American public is notori-
but it needed no other than purely musical ex-
ously conservative in its dramatic tastes, and
pression. May not even some of our impres- play-production in America is very costly. Every
sionists, Debussy among them, entertain a fun- instinct of the commercial manager shrinks from
damentally identical attitude toward their ma-
the new dramatist or the play with new dramatic
terial? Is there not the least shade of hypocrisy
ideas. Both have been welcomed by the little
theatres. This gives a special interest to the
in these pagodas and goldfish and engulfed cathe-
drals and moons descending on temples that
new American one-act plays. Some of them we
were?
find are plays of real value; all of them we must
Strange, otherwise, that we seem to
search scrupulously for promises of bigger work
breathe a larger air and to feel the tow of a
to come.
mightier current in the music itself than in the
Mr. Wilde is one of our most experienced
bric-a-brac world its titles introduce us to. Con-
makers of short plays. He began to write them
versely, there is little reason to doubt that a
before there were any little theatres, and he
great deal of absolute music, so-called, has been
has profited more than any other American play-
wrought out of conceptions and emotions that wright by little-theatre production of his work.
were all but ready to burst into impassioned Mr. Wilde has had his training, but, as yet, he
speech. What are some of those curious recita-
shows no desire to be more than a clever writer
tivo passages in the Beethoven sonatas, glades in of timely, well-constructed "one acters," a sort
the wood, but tortured questionings and striv- of Clyde Fitch of the little theatre. His very
ings bound in musical constraint? Before we success is the measure of our disappointment. No
can profoundly approach the psychology of pro- American dramatist handles clever dialogue and
gramme music, there is much underbrush to be
tense action more effectively than he does, and
cleared away. We must know better than we his insight into character is incomparably keener
do how the artist conceives and works and care than that of the writers of our Broadway suc-
less how he labels. Perhaps it is well that ar- cesses.
His new volume shows growth in Mr.
tists tell us little, but we can often guess back Wilde, especially in his understanding of the
of their paraphernalia of labels if we will but springs of human emotion. Of the new series the
hearken to the music.
title play, a fine and effective use of the legend
EDWARD SAPIR. of the angels at the battle of the Marne, is the


1917]
587
THE DIAL
best, but he almost duplicates the success of incidents compressed into one short act. He
this difficult piece of work in his German version only just failed in this ambitious task, but the
of a similar theme, “Valkyrie.” Taken together fine courage to come to grips with difficult dra-
these are the finest dramas the war has inspired matic problems is not a fault. As in the work of
in America. The three remaining plays are in the two other Washington Square playwrights,
his familiar realistic style, but none are so good there is a promise for the future in his work.
as "Dawn" or "According to Darwin." "Moth- The promise in the plays of Harriet Holmes
ers of Men” is a fine theme marred by careless Haslett is not so clearly spoken. Her people
characterization; the thesis of “those who do are types rather than individuals; her plots are
not understand the war” is overdone in the more commonplace; her action is too often
Russian peasants in “Pawns”; “In the Ravine" switched by mere chance; her thought is less ma-
is a capital bit of dramatic journalism, but no ture. She has, however, dexterity in dialogue
more. This last is sure to be popular with and has learned to manipulate stage business.
little-theatre producers, but in each of these three A couple of her plays-notably “Modern Men-
realistic sketches there is that same ultra-time- age” and “When Love is Blind"-should at-
liness, that Sunday-supplement appeal to to-day's tract the attention of little-theatre producers.
interest, that has inspired our seasonal succession These authors, whose one-act plays we have
of crook plays, children's home comedies, and been considering, are doing work typical of a
trench melodramas.
number of young American playwrights who are
Next to their obsession of timeliness our pop- at school in the little theatres. Ben Hecht,
ular playwrights have suffered most from mis- Alice Brown, Eugene O'Neil, Philip Moeller,
taking clap-trap for constructive action. The Mary MacMillan, Alice Gerstenberg, Edward
strict limitations of the short play force a dram- Massey, and Stuart Walker, to name but a few
atist to learn technique, and the value of such that come readily to mind, are all promising
a training is emphasized by the good construction scholars. Already two have been graduated from
of the three one-act plays that were first pro- one-act pieces to long plays that have been pro-
duced by the Washington Square Players. There duced by commercial managers; others are sure
are, however, other promising qualities in these
to follow them. Already—and this is significant,
plays. “Another Way Out” reveals Lawrence though till now the plays have come from abroad
Langner as a young man of wit and good sense,
—there is an increasing tendency on the part of
an adroit writer, a shrewd observer. In this play the little theatres themselves to stage long plays.
he has achieved the almost-impossible, a shock-
These are steps forward, for however important
ingly moral burlesque in English, a play with a
the influence of the little theatre, the stage is
violently risqué situation without any nastiness.
for all the populace, not the intelligentsia alone;
Mr. Langner has qualifications to make him a however perfect the one-act play, great drama
keen dramatic satirist. “Trifles" is a well-con-
furnishes a full evening's entertainment.
sidered and finely executed study of the dreary
WILLIAMS HAYNES.
life of a farm wife, quite the best thing on this
distinctively American theme done by an Amer-
ican dramatist. It shows Susan Glaspell to be
King Coal
a careful analyst of feminine character with the
ability quickly and surely to interpret her studies KING COAL. By Upton Sinclair. (The Mac-
in dramatic form. One cannot doubt that she
millan Co.; $1.50.)
can do a lifelike portrait on a larger can-
The novel-reader who chances to appreciate
vas. When I saw the Washington Square Play-
a really novel design in a work of fiction will
ers in Bosworth Crocker's “The Last Straw," like "King Coal” both for its originality and its
I was not convinced that the heckling of the independence. A story of the oppressive law-
neighbors over his accidental killing of a stray lessness of American democracy, the book will
cat would drive Friedrich Bauer to commit sui- have, for everyone interested in that great sub-
side, and a careful reading of the play does not ject, the suspense of "a march in the ranks,
remove this impression. Mr. Crocker deliber- hard-prest, and the road unknown.”
ately tried to make good his thesis of the force To have made this theme, which is, in the re-
of public opinion by means of extremely trivial viewer's opinion, the most important internal


588
[December 6
THE DIAL
a
question before our country, the subject of a But in spite of the strange unlifelikeness of
novel, is in itself a first-rate stroke of originality. Mary and Jessie, and of all the wealthy sur-
It may be objected that the legitimate field of the rounding her, there is in the description of the
novel is not the presentation of a great social hero's adventures of sentiment with women an
theme, but individual human characterization individual tone of frankness and decency, an
But if “King Coal” must be said to be almost adult and responsible tone, which is both socially
destitute of the faculty of individual human char- superior and independent. In his sympathetic
acterization, it has nevertheless a species of "hu- and sincere pictures of workmen's families, ren-
man interest” impossible for any other prose form dered with no "intimist” talent, but with an
to convey. This interest is the fascination of excellent solid grasp of economic and industrial
learning from page to page what will happen fortunes, Mr. Sinclair excels. The Italian
next about the law-breaking oppressions charac- Minettis, the Raffertys, the Burkes, the Welsh
terizing the unorganized American coal-mining Davids, the rank and file of the hero's mining-
camps which are the scene of the hero's adven- town acquaintance, are all admirably identified,
What happens to him as an individual is without dialectic exaggerations, all real and
comparatively unimportant to you except as it interesting.
affects his achievement for the progress of the
The mine disaster is a wonderful and moving
"sober-suited freedom," the clear ideal of human panorama; and the whole tale of Hal's attempts
order and liberty, whose presence is the distinc- to strike some spark of justice from the con-
tion of the book.
stituted authorities is capital. When some of
The son of a coal magnate, a young college the more conservative of our envoys retumed
graduate, engaged to a standardized magazine- from Russia the other day, and told us that
fiction débutante, Hal Warner goes to work
there had been less violence in the whole course
as a miner, "for the experience,"
on a coal
of the Russian Revolution than we experience in
property in the Rockies. He wishes to learn for this country in a single week, they brought
himself the truth of what has been said about home to us a much-needed truth concerning our
the western coal camps. In his revolt at learn- barbarity. The most signal achievement of
ing authentically of their tyrannies, he proceeds “King Coal” is the impression it leaves of our
from a considerable conservatism, along the trail wretched social irresponsibility, our American
of an unavailing attempt to secure enforcement cowardice in facing gross disorders and human
of the law against the anarchies of the coal com-
cruelties inside our own nation.
pany, until he comes out on the road of union- What is to be done about our gross dis-
organization.
orders and human cruelties then? The mortal
On this trail and this road he forms the
fortunes of the book end in a vista, with
acquaintance of the daughter of a miner, Mary the hero's advance down a discouraging and
Burke, “a Celtic Madonna," less markedly unlife apparently endless road, which still leads ahead.
like than the débutante, but not for me exactly This open ending appears to me significantly true
real. The author tries to persuade us that the
to nature and history.
fact that the hero loves both Mary and Jessie
The philosophy of the book, however, seems to
(the débutante) is a matter of some importance end in the postscript, with a predetermined sign-
in his career. But I cannot care whether it is post in the form of a statement that "citizens
Mary or Jessie that he prefers, or bring myself to and workers ... will find that they have neither
believe that this preference is of the least signifi- peace nor freedom, until they have abolished the
cance either to Hal Warner or to his author, system of production for profit.” Maybe this
scarcely to Jessie or Mary. It is a mere minority abolition will bring peace and freedom. But its
report brought in to comply with the Rules of interpolation here appears sudden, illogical, and
Order for the conduct of novels. Interesting unrelated. As though we had been told that all
and stirring as an active committee man, as one
these difficulties we have read about would be
bewildered in a dual love, Hal Warner is of a removed if we would encourage the acquisition of
dreadful dreariness. You long to hurry him on land for public playgrounds, or would work for
his way through his mechanical and argumenta- single tax, or were advised to find general direc-
tive love scenes, and off to the more subtly under- tions for the advance of all civilization on any
stood and impassioned concerns of his excellent other good, sound plank removed from any other
committee meetings.
excellent social platform.


1917]
589
THE DIAL
To a mere middle-class believer in our almost
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
untried and varied experiment in democracy this
AT THE FRONT IN A FLIVVER. By Wil-
socialistic statement closes over the book's horizon
liam Yorke Stevenson. Houghton Mifflin;
with the effect of a limitation, remote but dark-
$1.25.
ening. It may serve to indicate what is indeed
WITH CAVALRY IN THE GREAT WAR.
for me the limitation of the book-its tendency to By Frederick Coleman. Jacobs; $1.50.
predetermination, its lack of curiosity and How to LIVE AT THE FRONT. By Hector
interest in keen ascertainments and differentia- MacQuarrie. Lippincott; $1.25.
tions, its apparent belief in formulas. Thus one The war books that are flooding in upon us
early perceives that the poor of the volume are should, in one respect, give hope to the peace-
predestined to possess extraordinary mental and lovers who are almost ready to despair of the
moral superiorities; and those of better financial world's regeneration; for they shatter the great
fortunes, a striking mental and moral flaccidity. illusion that to live in the midst of hardship
As in the theory of Ernest Pontifex in "The
and horror, with death constantly at one's
Way of All Flesh,” “the poor are all
, lovely.” shoulder, necessarily does things to one's soul.
"Men come out of it changed," the idealists say.
Scarcely any of the low-minded are to be dis-
But, as a matter of fact, nine-tenths of the men
cerned among them; and among those below a
who go into battle, as nine-tenths of the war
certain grade of income violence is virtually un-
books bear witness, are men of normal, not over-
known or always restrained. On the other hand, refined sensibilities, who, on the surface at least,
with the exception of Hal, all the citizens above
accept war and its horrors as all in the day's
a certain grade of income are presented with work, and will come home, if they are fortunate,
anatomies and human natural histories no more
to take up their tasks where they left off, ap-
convincing than those of the millionaires in parently in the same manner as before. Only
clothes covered with dollar signs in the cartoons.
those born with the capacity for profound spirit-
ual reactions get profound spiritual reactions out
The employers present a solid front of low-
mindedness and bullying brainlessness. Just as
of war. Many grow and many are stunted; but
to the narrow Edward all miners are agitators, that, perhaps, is lucky.
only a few reach the heights and depths. And
and as in Zola's consoling and agreeable All of which is by way of saying that the
“L'Euvre," such artists as are not realists or
reader need look for nothing more or less than
impressionists are boldly represented as physically journalistic reports of occurrences in "At the
ill-favored or degenerate, so the entire army of Front in a Flivver" and "With Cavalry in the
employers appearing in "King Coal" is composed
Great War." The former book, a diary kept
of the frivolous, the dishonest, and the murder-
for the writer's family, is the more freshly writ-
ous. While the scope of the book is specifically
ten of the two. The most interesting features of
the latter are its explanations of the causes of
limited to the unorganized field, yet, by inference,
events that are now history. Though neither
the coal-operators who have kept organization book can be classed with the best popular writ-
pacts at heavy financial sacrifices for a generation, ings on the war-Guy Empey's famous volume
and all employers, indeed, are lumped together and the writings of Captain Beith and James
in one indistinguishable mass with those who
Norman Hall—they have, of course, as almost
have stuffed ballot-boxes and entrained machine-
all war books have, a documental value for the
reader who is interested in life "over there."
guns against their compatriots. The author's
socialism would have been more persuasive if his
The purpose of "How to Live at the Front,"
as its title indicates, is different from that of
characters had been conceived somewhat more in most war books. The volume is intended for
the spirit of granting them equal opportunities. the information, not of those who are to stay
If, as George Meredith tells us, "the soul's at home, but for those who are going into the
one road is forwards,” it must appear that all
trenches. It should prove to be of genuine value
exaggeration of class prejudices against the light with our Expeditionary Forces in France. Writ-
to nine out of ten of the men who are serving
of truth is but a darkening and a delaying on the
ten without pretension, it is reminiscent of the
way. Yet when this is said, the novel remains
matter-of-fact advice of an elder brother who has
an interesting and valuable record of the adven- seen the world to a younger brother who has
ture of a soul on that forward road of justice not. With not the least suggestion of cant, it
which leads around the world and into a future presents some aids to an understanding of Eng-
unknown.
lish and French idiosyncrasies, the need for dis-
EDITH FRANKLIN WYATT.
cipline, ways and means of adjustment to the


590
[December 6
THE DIAL
inconveniences of trench life, the signs by which conveying the sense that these builders bettered
the growing curse of Europe, the prostitute, may their instruction—as was indeed the case. On
be recognized and avoided, a man's own war- the other hand, the southern mansions exhibit, in
troubled soul. It is not a book that goes to the general, a finer sense of composition and mass.
roots of things, or tries to. It is just a healthy- Their amplitude and solidity, their cool, high
minded, simple, religious man's wholesome reac- porticoes, their many and massive chimneys,
tion to the by-products of war. As such, it is contribute to an effect of large means, abundant
likely to prove a prop to many a boy ready to leisure, and rich, ripe social life, compared with
go to pieces under the burden of the unforeseen which the Puritanism of New England, as
and the unexpected.
expressed in even her best houses, seems some-
what hard and cold and thin.
The Dwelling Houses of CHARLESTON, The particular features of the Charleston
SOUTH CAROLINA. By Alice R. Hugher houses which differentiate them most, and call
Smith and D. E. Hugher Smith. Lippin- for special comment, are their two-storied porti-
cott; $6.
coes—a difficult thing to treat, as every architect
Any work is important which essays to pre-
knows, and here superbly handled; their garden
serve a record-historical, descriptive, graphic,
walls and fences pierced by truly noble gates, of
photographic-of our fast vanishing Colonial a highly localized type; and their iron balconies,
architecture, for that architecture constitutes the which savor more of Latin than of Anglo-Saxon
only unified and dignified manifestation of the origin, yet have a certain note of primness quite
building impulse which our young civilization
different from the loose luxuriance of Mexico
has to show.
and Spain.
In this sense, at least, the "Dwelling Houses The vicissitudes of civil war and the ebbing
of Charleston" is important, for it presents, in
tide of commerce have contributed to isolate and
sufficient fulness of detail, a phase of the Georg- preserve in these old houses a record of that
ian mode translated to our shores with interest- moment in our past which expresses itself in
ing variations developed from the social and beauty. Since then the idea of power has obsessed
climatic conditions of the little old proud south-
us, and it has written itself in ugliness over all
ern capital by the sea. The book has evidently
.
the land. Is it too much to hope that after the
been compiled with care, it contains drawings
world has been made safe for democracy, we may
and documents of great interest, yet somehow it
set ourselves the task of translating power into
conveys a sense of opportunities unfulfilled, of beauty ? Every record, like this one, of the old
curiosities unrewarded. This is because it is not urbanity, will then possess an interest and a value
so intelligent and authoritative architecturally as far greater than any interest or value we can
it is historically.
assign to it to-day,
However valuable it may be to the student of
Colonial history, however treasured it may become
THE SUPERNATURAL IN MODERN ENG-
to the First Families of Charleston, it offers LISH FICTION. By Dorothy Scarborough.
scant fare to one interested in our architectural Putnam; $2.
beginnings. No critical estimate, no discrimi- If industry is a virtue, the author of "The
nating valuation, no tracing of development, has Supernatural in Modern English Fiction" should
been attempted: one is left to glean what one can find a ready welcome to the “best families" in
from a few measured drawings, a somewhat the society of heaven. Dr. Scarborough, if a
larger number of photographic half-tones, and a
cursory counting of her index is any estimate of
superabundance of rather messy pencil sketches her reading in preparing this book, has no less
which are quite worthless from any other stand- than 1200 titles to her credit. Everything from
point than the vaguely picturesque.
Hamlet to O. Henry, from Walpole's "The Castle
Here, one feels, is a great deal of good archi- of Otranto" to Patience Worth's literature via
tectural material indifferently presented. Aside the ouija board, from the sublimity of Macbeth's
from the seven pages of drawings of ironwork, tragic situation to the ridiculousness of Frank
which are indeed precious, and a few mantels Stockton's "The Transferred Ghost" has been
and stairways, the book contains little to entitle read, summarized, card-indexed, and then strung
it to a place on the shelves of a purely architec- together. Page after page of condensed ghost-
tural library.
plot is spread before the awed and stupefied
The southern Colonial work follows its Eng- reader. There is no comment to speak of, no
lish prototypes more slavishly in the matter of relieving humor, only plots, plots, plots of ghost
detail than does that of New England. There stories. The volume might act as a guide to a
is little of the freedom, lightness, grace, which class of light (or heavy?) literature: look up
makes the entrances of old Salem so attractive, the plot of any ghost story written in the last


1917]
591
THE DIAL
150 years (and a few before), decide whether ment charged with the maintenance of law and
or not you'd like the tale, and so choose your order and the administration of such rules for
story.
times of both peace and war as the nations might
Dr. Scarborough seems to be the victim of an prescribe. A good precedent is found in the inter-
idée fixe; she must have devoted years and years nationalization of the Danube under the treaty
to taking notes on every phase of the supernat- of 1856, and it is urged that by the proposed
ural in fiction. Ghosts are classified under every arrangement no nation would lose any vital and
conceivable category. There are ghosts that wear legitimate interest. The governing commission
clothes, and, though few, there are ghosts that should be wholly disinterested, and might very
have been known to appear nude; there are dis-
well consist of three members one from Den-
membered ghosts, crippled ghosts, and mutilated mark, one from Switzerland, and one from the
ghosts; there are ghosts that carry their heads
United States—chosen by the signatory powers
in their hands, and ghosts which, like certain from lists of five nominated by these several
people, lose their heads. Ghosts are as a rule nations. Mr. Woolf feels that the finality of
well behaved and, until recently, serious and the present war will depend in no small degree
grave. They are however in contemporary lit- on the decision concerning Constantinople. If
erature beginning to be frivolous and inclined this strategic spot is neutralized, every nation will
to superficiality. Dr. Scarborough has attempted be protected from aggression; if left in the hands
to deal at least by way of mention with every
of any single state, half of the world must always
ghost manifestation in literature, and her volume be in fear of aggression. There is much to bear
is testimony to her sense of thoroughness. If any out this contention; although one cannot repress
proof of the supernatural in literature is needed, the feeling that the author undervalues the diffi-
it is found in the amount of reading and cata-
culty of carrying out his plan.
loguing she herself has done. It must be a relief
to have the thing off her mind, but the reviewer JAPAN DAY BY DAY. By Edward S.
cannot quash a feeling of pity for the hypo-
Morse. 2 vols. Houghton Mifflin ; $8.
thetical reader who will not have the relief of The country life of the Japanese people as it
writing a review of the book.
was, and still is to-day in many localities un-
spoiled by town and factory, is recorded in Jap-
THE FUTURE OF CONSTANTINOPLE. By anesque sketches and running text in Professor
Leonard S. Woolf. Macmillan; $1.
Morse's latest and most extensive work on the
"Constantinople and the narrow straits upon
Land of the Rising Sun. The author was pro-
which it stands," says Mr. Woolf, "have occa- fessor of zoology in the New Imperial Univer-
sioned the world more trouble, have cost human- sity of Tokyo during a very interesting period
ity more in blood and suffering during the last in the early years of the transformation of Japan
five hundred years, than any other single spot
and witnessed some of the throes of the struggle
upon the earth. . . It is not improbable that of occidental and oriental ideals from the van-
when Europe in her last ditch has fought the last tage-point of a government official, with an out-
battle of the Great War, we shall find that what look from the capital city. It was, however,
we have again been fighting about is really Con- the daily life of the people, their quaint and
stantinople." In his little book Mr. Woolf curious and clever ways and devices, so differ-
makes analysis of the reasons why the Turkish ent from our own, and their social customs and
capital has been so productive of international industrial methods which most interested him.
unrest, and brings forward interesting proposals Above all, the life of the country, the town, the
looking to the removal of these causes. His main fisherman's village, and the contacts with the
contention is that, having vainly sought for three rural population along footpath and mountain
or four hundred years to solve the eastern ques-
trail attract him more than the court or the
tion through arrangements which leave Constan- places of trade. In the course of his scientific
tinople under the domination of a single state, explorations at the seaside and among the an-
to be used by that state exclusively in its own cient shell mounds, the author had exceptional
interests, the world should take advantage of the opportunities to learn at first hand the thou-
forthcoming reorganization of Europe to follow sand-and-one little customs of these ever-interest-
out the suggestion of Sir Edward Pears and oth- ing and courteous people. The book is a narra-
ers that the city, the straits, and a narrow strip tive abstracted from a daily journal. It is full
of territory on either side of them be internation- of digressions into matters of arts and crafts,
alized.
industry, agriculture, home and social customs,
This would mean the removal of the Turkish the sights and sounds of the road and of the
capital to Asiatic soil and the setting up in the crowded street, everything in fact from an earth-
vacated city of an international organ of govern- quake and a picturesque Japanese fire to street


592
[December 6
THE DIAL
signs and festivals, the rearing of crickets, and press. It was a case of seeing the South in six
the training of birds. The numerous sketches weeks or less time, but our travellers managed
which are distributed throughout the book are to "take in" fourteen towns of the South At-
crude but reveal with great fidelity familiar and lantic seaboard and the Gulf Coast, beginning
characteristic Japanese scenes and many a quaint with Baltimore and stopping at Galveston. What
or pleasing glimpse of Japanese life and artistry. they found and saw we knew about before, but
it is always interesting to observe the reactions
A COUNTRY CHILD. By Grant Shower- of others when they are introduced to a new and
man. Century; $1.75.
strange environment. In the Florida towns and
Never have the sights and sounds, the tastes
in New Orleans Miss Cram really saw some-
and smells and tactile sensations of the farm been
thing that most travellers miss—that the foreign
more realistically presented than in this book.
element is largely Greek in Florida, and Italian
Like "A Country Chronicle," which preceded it,
and Spanish, not predominantly French, in New
Orleans. Of all the towns visited she is com-
this story is told in the first person and repro-
duces in the vividest of colors certain scenes and
pletely satisfied only with Charleston, Mobile,
incidents of the author's boyhood. Professor
and New Orleans, and with the unprogressive
characteristics of these. She makes it plain that
Showerman is the son of a Wisconsin farmer
the winter is not the best time to see the South,
who was one of the pioneer settlers in the Badger
State; but he has chosen literature rather than
for then it is at its grayest. But who wants to
go there when the thermometer is above ninety?
agriculture as a calling, probably enjoying the
The historical facts woven into the narrative are
rude farm life better in the imaginative retro-
at times somewhat mixed; but the book, as a
spect than he would in the present reality. At
whole, though unsubstantial and inconsequential,
any rate, he makes it enjoyable to his readers.
Here is a bit of homely realism (the men have
is an interesting and honest account of a new
just come in to dinner from the field): "My experience, and that is all that can be expected
of such publications.
father goes to the sink and washes. The others
stand near the geraniums until he gets through,
A HISTORY OF THE GREAT WAR. Vol. II.
and then they wash, too. They take water out
of the rain-water pail with the dipper, and when
The British Campaign in France and Flan-
ders, 1915. By Sir Arthur Conan Doyle,
they are through they go to the woodshed door
with the wash dish and throw the water out.
Doran; $2.
Christian makes a great noise blowing and snuf-
This is an important book. It bears evidence
fing when he is at the sink.” Everything is told
of much research and has an authoritative tone.
in the "historical present,” and in the short sen-
So far as is possible at this stage, it is real his-
tences and breathless style of a small boy eager
tory. The author has been at pains to study
to pour out his information to the first listener. out the records of the British units in the san-
Whether in real life he would always have re- guinary fighting of that terrible period which
lated these momentous happenings in the present
has been well named the "year of equilibrium."
tense is doubtful; but then, in real life he never
The book includes the first detailed description of
could have written them out with such an artful the second battle of Ypres and the great battle of
imitation of artlessness; so we yield at the start
Loos. Sir Arthur is a true Briton. He distrib-
the whole question of strict verisimilitude. A utes his praise generously among English, Cana-
score or more of line drawings by Mr. George dians, and Anzacs. He sets the crown
Wright catch in a happy manner the spirit of the regiment after regiment and makes many a refer-
narrative.
ence to the heroic acts of individual officers and
men. At the same time the power of the enemy
OLD SEAPORT Towns OF THE SOUTH. By
is not minimized. Throughout the volume one
Mildred Cram. With drawings by Allan can feel the force and skill of the German units,
C. Cram. Dodd, Mead; $2.50.
to which the author gives full credit.
For three years the American traveller has been
The effect of the book, in spite of its judicial
shut out of the play places of Europe, unless he
tone, is depressing. The task of the British
wishes to drive an ambulance or engage in some
army in this year seems insuperable as the author
form of relief work. Those who still wish to unfolds history, and the huge losses, though not
travel must find new lands, and in consequence described in a gruesome manner, leave the reader
America is being discovered by its own people. with visions of carnage that he cannot forget.
The experiences and discoveries of one pair of Even the superhuman bravery of British civilian
explorers-brother and sister-are here related troops as they charge in the face of a fire meas-
in sprightly detail, and the account is dressed by uring six shells to their one, cannot down that
the publishers in the best product of the printing terrible image of slaughter. Such a work will be
on


1917)
593
THE DIAL
read with more interest in England than in stantial and socially fit of the present day. If
America. The evolutions of the Durham Light you are a Philadelphian and have ancestors who
Infantry and the First Royal Irish will naturally counted in the city of Franklin, this book will
appeal more to those who know them than to us give you name, business, and standing.
who do not. But the book as a whole leaves a Of course, such a work cannot be critical.
powerful impression hardly to be obtained from The founders of the Bank of North America, of
any other work thus far published. The style is the first insurance company, of the university,
easy and clear, the movement well sustained, and
were all engaged in work that produced good
there are many stirring descriptions of desperate results and perhaps some bad results as well.
deeds and unfaltering courage.
But there is no word of explanation why, for
example, the legislature of Pennsylvania can-
INTERIORA RERUM, or The Inside of celled the charter of the great bank or why all
Things. By Quivis. Lane; $1.25.
the directors then set themselves the task of get-
These meditations, "de omnibus rebus et qui- ting a new federal government and a charter
busdam aliis," as one might almost characterize from that government under which they could
them, have to do with certain less familiar aspects
continue their business. Nor is it stated that
of earth and sky, heaven and hell, man and nearly all the influential bankers got into the
woman, religion and philosophy, literature and federal convention and there favored, and secured
art, and almost everything else imaginable. They the adoption of, constitutional clauses which
are, in short, delightfully discursive and also would protect charters and contracts against
thoughtful and penetrating, with a pith and mere state intervention. But, as has been said,
brevity that never fail to save from weariness this sort of explanation was not a part of the
and often leave a desire for more. Here, as a author's purpose and consequently some excel-
sample, is a pertinent and seasonable reflection: lent opportunities have been overlooked.
"It is a standing marvel to men what women
will endure, and apparently can endure with Four Essays. By Murray Anthony Potter.
impunity, at the dictates of fashion. They will
Harvard University Press; $1.25.
wear clothes in cold weather which would cause
the death of a man similarly clad." Woman,
There are two distinctly different, and per-
with her demonstrated constitution of iron, rep-
haps opposed, reactions possible to these essays
of Mr. Potter's: that of the scholar, and that
resents no weaker sex to this author. His little
of the layman. The scholar will, no doubt, be
book, of whose authorship we know only that it
interested in Mr. Potter's knowledge of the the-
is written by "whomsoever you will," and dealing
as it does with "the inside of things," or "subjects
ories concerning Petrarch's life-the existence
or non-existence of a flesh and blood Laura, the
which, as a rule, we refrain from discussing," has
interpretation of the sonnets and other works as
piquancy and suggestiveness.
autobiographical or not; and he will be still more
interested in Mr. Potter's attitude toward these
EARLY PHILADELPHIA. By H. M. Lip-
problems and his conclusions. The layman will
pincott. Lippincott; $6.
wish to get from the essays a living knowledge
This is a beautiful piece of book-making. The of Petrarch the author, Petrarch the man, and
edition is limited and the type already distrib- Petrarch the critic and reader.
uted; hence, if one desires a copy, no time must
To the layman it would seem that both may
be lost in making application to the publishers.
be comfortably satisfied; the essays are suffi-
From the quality of the paper, the character of
ciently bristly with scholars' names, their hypoth-
the printing, and the superb illustrations, it may
eses, and their controversies, to suggest that
be guessed that the price will be high. Now,
no one but a Dryasdust will be disappointed.
what of the book itself?
And the layman finds Petrarch living and ap-
There have been other histories of Philadel-
pealing in spite of the foreign matter. Petrarch
phia, notably Scharf's valuable work published turns out to have been a human being and not
in 1884, and the leading men of the city have an excuse for a Ph. D. thesis. He was egotisti-
figured in our national biography from the be- cal, but he was so much like the average man
ginning. But this book endeavors to name and as to be ludicrously conceited; he had no more
describe all the leading characters and the various idea of the relative merit and value of his various
social, financial, and patriotic organizations, works, as expressions of the human soul, than
giving portraits and reproductions of people and have a great many of his well-meaning students.
places, buildings and bridges and parks, in such He loved and hated madly, and the fact that
a way as to offend none and please all, at least he never considered the sonnets to Laura as a
all whose names and interests are included. It passport to immortality is the strongest proof
is a sort of book of heraldry for all the sub- of their autobiographical importance. He wrote


594
[December 6
THE DIAL
intensely personal, self-satisfied letters to inti- tress transformed by a theatrical coup into virtue
mate friends; he often thought he knew it all; triumphant was exactly to his liking. More-
and he disliked having to acknowledge that he over, as a grandson of Richard Bentley, a Cam-
was wrong. But, and here his greatness glows bridge graduate, and a man of social standing,
through, he would do so if the evidence was he brought to the composition of this kind of
convincing. It appears that he was jealous of drama certain qualities which Hugh Kelly and
Dante, and that he thought the latter pandered other rivals lacked. Of these qualities the power
to public taste, contrived for fame, writing to write well-bred and graceful dialogue was
poetry in the vernacular! Altogether Mr. Pot- foremost. But the feverish ambition of Cum-
ter's essays, the outcome of a life's study, breathe berland drove him to undertake operas, adapta-
a contemporaneousness satisfying to the uniniti- tions, tragedies, and what not, and sometimes to
ated.
filch from other writers. And just as he frit-
tered away his strength in hopeless undertakings,
BALFOUR, VIVIANI AND JOFFRE. Edited so did he by his exacting temperament alienate
by Francis W. Halsey. Funk & Wagnalls; people who had been useful to him. He was in
$1.50.
some ways really noble, yet querulous, sensitive,
irritable, vain. He quarreled openly or was seri-
"You have kept your ancient traditions; your
ously at outs with Garrick, Sheridan, Fanny
past glory is ever present in your hearts, you
Burney, Walpole, and nearly everybody else.
have love, and affection, and admiration for
civilization and humanity. You have an idealism
Sheridan pilloried him in "The Critic," as Sir
which floats above your flag, and that idealism
Fretful Plagiary. With Boswell, Burke, John-
son, and Romney, however, he remained on good
you place above your material interests”—these
terms. Though reduced to poverty and disap-
words, spoken by M. Viviani in New York,
pointment, he lived well into the nineteenth cen-
might serve as an epitome of the book, "Balfour,
tury and became a friend of Samuel Rogers. Just
Viviani and Joffre.” Mr. Halsey's collection of before the dawn of the century, his powers in
the speeches of the commissioners is a useful work
sentimental comedy revived, and "The Jew" and
of reference rather than a readable book, for one
“The Wheel of Fortune" of this period fairly
must grant that the average of eloquence, despite matched "The West Indian” at the beginning of
the frequent "lift" in M. Viviani's addresses, is
the seventies. Dr. Williams has done his work
low, while the passages that are insignificant and
thoroughly and given us a useful volume.
that duplicate one another are very numerous
indeed. Possibly the main son for the rela-
tive mediocrity of these speeches is the nature of
BRITAIN IN ARMS (L'Effort Britannique).
By Jules Destrée. With a preface by
the task confronting the commissioners. So much
at least is certain: they were not here to make
Georges Clemenceau. Translated by J.
Lewis May. Lane; $1.50.
memorable orations. The editor has linked the
speeches with narrative and descriptive comment
In 1915, when Italy was wavering between
drawn chiefly from the newspapers of the day
war and continued neutrality, the Belgian jour-
and reproducing the hectic exuberance of the
nalist Jules Destrée visited
visited the kingdom,
daily press comment not without its value when explained with new force the position which his
one considers how fast the contemporary news-
own country occupied in the struggle, and
papers decay physically.
wielded strong influence in behalf of the event-
ual declaration of hostilities. Finding later that
RICHARD CUMBERLAND: HIS LIFE AND
the great effort which England was making was
DRAMATIC Works. By Stanley Thomas
imperfectly understood south of the Alps, he
Williams. Yale University Press; $3.
wrote a book in Italian, telling something of that
The activities of Richard Cumberland were
effort. The work was shortly brought out in
many. He was at one time private secretary to
French, and now it appears in English, under the
Lord Halifax; at another time he was entrusted,
less colorful title, “Britain in Arms." The book,
with disastrous results to himself, with an ambas-
by the author's confession, was hurriedly written;
sadorship to Spain; and sooner or later he tried
it is propagandist; but its laudable object is to
his hand at nearly all kinds of writing. He
fortify international confidence as "a preparation
wrote essays, an epic poem, novels imitative of
for the better days to come"; and it makes inspir-
Fielding, numerous plays, and a volume of ing reading.
memoirs which, though intended only as a pot- In his opening chapter M. Destrée tells, from
boiler, has become his best-known work. The the documents, the now familiar story of Great
plays gave him his chief contemporary fame. Britain's labors for peace during the “Twelve
They are of varied types. He early struck his Days," and shows that the country, despite its
right vein, the sentimental comedy; virtue in dis- utter lack of preparation, was compelled to take


1917]
595
THE DIAL
up arms not only by deep considerations of honor, debtedness to Other Poets." The former contains
but in defence of vital interests. The nation's acute comments on the merits and demerits of
effort is then described under three main heads: many of the changes, and the reasons that in-
naval, military, and financial. Naval effort is duced Poe to make them. The résumé of opin-
discussed in such a manner as to show mainly ion in “The Clash of the Critics with Respect to
two things—the tremendous effect of the bot- Poe's Poems," though brief, is excellently pre-
tling up of the German Aeet and the reasons sented. In the body of the book the variorum
why the British Aeet does not force the latter to forms of the text are placed at the bottom of
fight by invading the harbors and waters in which each page, and are more conveniently arranged
it lies hiding.
than in Harrison's Virginia edition. They also
The evolution of the "contemptible little include a few readings unknown to Harrison,
army," through the anxious days of the volun- among them those of the “Richmond Examiner"
teer system and of the installation of conscrip- proof sheets. The notes, like the introduction,
tion, into the splendid fighting forces of Sir are sensible, terse, and inclusive. The appendix
Douglas Haig, is forcefully related. And the contains collations of the editions of the poems
country's financial expedients and sacrifices are published in the author's lifetime, and his pref-
adequately sketched. A final chapter emphasizes, aces and prefatory notices. The frontispiece, a
with copious citations of incident and quotations reproduction of a cut from “Graham's Maga-
from statesmen of the day, Britain's benevolent zine” based on a painting by A. C. Smith, is
purposes in the war and her determination to interesting, but is hardly the portrait to choose
prosecute the struggle to a successful end. The if but one is to be given.
country is not likely to move quickly enough to
suit Gallic impatience. She seems painfully slow THE OLD WORLD THROUGH OLD EYES.
to understand a situation and to make up her Three Years in Oriental Lands. By Mary
mind. But for these very reasons, when her S. Ware. Putnam; $2.
mind is once made up, her steadfastness can be
It is for the entertainment of her grandchil-
relied upon as can that of few other nations.
dren, Mrs. Ware tells us, that she has collected
"We may make mistakes," says Lloyd George,
and published her travel letters covering the three
"but we do not give in.” In the knowledge of
years from August, 1912 to July, 1915, and
this fact, concludes M. Destrée, France and Italy
every cent of profit from the sale of the book
and their co-belligerents may, and do, find deep
is to go to French hospitals during the war and
consolation in their darkest hours.
to blinded French soldiers afterward, should
there be any profits accruing when the war closes.
THE POEMS OF EDGAR ALLAN Poe. Ed-
A courageous and independent tourist, despite
ited by Killis Campbell. Ginn; $1.50.
her years, Mrs. Ware went around the world
One need not accept all Professor Camp- unaccompanied, visiting Honolulu, Japan, China,
bell's judgments in detail to pronounce this new Siam, Sumatra, Java, the Philippines, India, and
edition of the “Poems" the most important con- other eastern lands. She returned by way of
tribution to Poe scholarship that has appeared Italy and France, and of course has much to say
for some years. Perhaps the greatest merit of about the war in her later letters. A chance re-
the book is its sobriety and sanity—a trait that mark from a German fellow-traveller eighteen
will be best appreciated by those who have had months before the fatal August, 1914, is sig-
most to do with other discussions of Poe. The nificant in the light of subsequent events. “The
editor has made wise use of his predecessors, to gentleman said the Kaiser believed himself Em-
whom he punctiliously acknowledges his indebt- peror by divine right, was romanticist in
edness, but he has adopted none of their preju- politics, and he, the speaker, was afraid the
dices and pet theories, and more strangely he country would go to ruin under this intolerable
seems to have few pet theories of his own. The régime.” Not confining herself to the usual
brief sketch of Poe's life is as nearly free from themes of travel narratives, the writer shows an
a priori assumptions and as nearly judicial as a interest in colonization problems and the govern-
biography of Poe well can be. In the section of ment of primitive peoples by the more advanced
"The Canon of Poe's Poems" Professor Camp- nations. Four native courts of India received
bell treats a subject on which he has made valu- her as a guest, and she had interviews with vari-
able researches; and his brief comments on the ous rulers and chieftains. She is evidently a
poems doubtfully attributed to Poe are admir-
woman of strong character and trained intellect
able. Other sections of the introduction that as well as large heart, and her book has more of
are of especial value are those on “Poe's Pas- character and individuality than would be found
sion for Revising His Text" and "Poe's In- in most collections of family letters from abroad.
a


596
[December 6
THE DIAL
THE UNITED STATES Post OFFICE. Its
NOTES ON NEW FICTION
Past Record, Present Condition, and Po-
tential Relation to the New World Era.
This second novel of "Henry Handel Rich-
By Daniel C. Roper. Funk & Wagnalls;
ardson," "The Fortunes of Richard Mahoney"
$1.50.
(Holt; $1.50), has been so warmly admired that
one is surprised to find it so much a mere work-
Mr. Roper, who writes with the authority of
manlike, conventional effort, with an aggressively
four years' experience as first assistant postmaster mid-Victorian hero. What are we to think of this
general (1913-16), opens his introduction with
young Irish medical student, turned adventurer
the assertion that "the mightiest implement of
and shopkeeper in the Australian gold fields,
human democracy is postal service"—just as a
to whom crises bring "the difficulty of recon-
writer on universal suffrage might, naturally ciling the divine benevolence with a cruel deed,
enough, begin with declaring the mightiest imple- the falling back once more on the trite admis-
ment of human democracy to be the ballot, or a sion of man's impotence"? Or who asks ques-
writer on education might plausibly maintain this tions like these, -"Was it straining a point to
mightiest implement to be the public school sys-
see in the whole affair the workings of a Power
tem. What the mightiest implement of animal outside himself?" How are we to enjoy a hero
democracy or of vegetable democracy is, we are who, in contemplating a beautiful young mother
not told by Mr. Roper. His enthusiasm for his
and child, thinks, “No place this for the scoffer!
subject promises a good book, and the promise is
Were they not in the presence of one of life's
fulfilled. Especially interesting are the chapters sublimest mysteries—that of motherhood !" and
on the workings of the various departments of on thrilling at the idea of "little Polly as the
our postal service, as also the account of certain mother of his children" decides that after all
significant differences between our own system "there was a design in creation”? So Tenny-
and those of Europe. A chapter entitled "Postal
sonian a young man is a little difficult to assimi-
Perspective” presents a suggestive vista of pos- late to-day, particularly when we are given such
sible future developments in our post office de- gestures as his admiration for "the splendid vital-
partment. Mr. Roper believes that “the parcelity of the most popular cleric in the diocese of
post undoubtedly has already had some effect on Victoria. No sickbed was too remote for him
the cost of living,” by bringing farm produce to reach, no sinner sunk too low to be helped
more directly to the table, "and is destined to
to his feet.”
exercise more." But the hoped for results in Yes, "Henry Handel Richardson," who is said
this particular have by no means been realized, to have written a remarkable novel about the
and are not yet in sight.
German music-student world, actually says such
things about Richard Mahoney. Moreover,
INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY. By Emory bored with his storekeeping in crude Ballarat,
S. Bogardus. University of Southern Cali- the hero marries as pure and virtuous and inno-
fornia Press; $1.50.
cent and docile a maiden as ever charmed a mid-
To understand society is to know the factors Victorian reader. To her "his lightest wish was
which bring people together in human associa- a command," and their lives are arranged by him
tion. Such is the underlying idea of this latest according to the divine plan of masculine
contribution to social analysis. Professor Bo- supremacy. He says to her things like this,
gardus, however, is not content merely with a
“I trust my little woman will never put such
static view of the social world. Desiring to
a ridiculous object on her head,"—with reference
know under what conditions we can promote
to a flouncy hat with which a neighboring vulgar
female had falsely adorned herself.
When a
social progress, he presents the fundamentals of
sociology from the standpoint of the various in- light-headed protégé makes love to Polly, Richard
fluences in particular the geographic, biological, has all the correct and outraged reactions of the
hygienic, recreational, economic, political, æs-
man of property. When he begins to find life
thetic, intellectual, ethical, and associational fac- stagnant in Australia and thinks of setting out
uncharted to begin life again at home, it is the
tors-operating upon man in his collective life.
In many respects this viewpoint reflects the Deity and not at all Polly whom he consults.
teachings of Professor Small. The advantage of As a picture of the commonplace colonialism
Professor Bogardus's method is that it brings to
of the fatuously masterful young Englishman,
bear in a simple, elementary way a great mass
who veils his egoism in noble emotions and
of pertinent facts regarding the community as- religious cant, the book would be fairly signifi-
pects of health, recreation, industry, the home, cant. As a satire, in historical perspective, on the
the state, and man's various other social-contact pedestrian soul of the mid-Victorian young gentle
interests, which must be understood if one is to man, it would be fairly amusing. But its author
live intelligently in his world.
is not satirical. She endows Richard Mahoney


1917]
597
THE DIAL
a
with no qualities above middle-class mediocrity, is a hero who is an emasculate echo of Tom Saw-
and then treats him rather lovingly and seriously. yer and “Huck" Finn. But one need not take
There are in the book admirable descriptions of the revelations of the ouija board at their face
the rough pioneer life. But the naïve middle- value. By seeking an explanation of the way
class saturation of her own attitude, without in which the book came into being in the sub-
irony or lift, keeps the book as a whole distinctly conscious rather than the superconscious, one
below the level of literary art.
avoids making any charges of duplicity, the mem-
There seems to be a kind of tempo or rhythm- ory of “our” Mark Twain is left unspotted, and
of-the-whole in books, just as there is, more dis- "Jap Herron” is transformed from a maudlin
tinctly, in plays and music. Sometimes the tempo imitation into a study in psychology.
synchronizes very nicely with the mental pulse In "Conquest" (Dodd, Mead; $1.40) Olive
of the reader-sometimes it syncopates. This Wadsley utilizes much of a previously employed
reader, at least, and Arthur Sherburne Hardy's plot. She substitutes a Paris street gamin for
“No. 13 Rue du Bon Diable” (Houghton Mif- the London waif-heroine, moving him from
flin; $1.35) form an admirable example of syn- Paris to London instead of vice versa, and other-
chronization. The reader felt no desire to race wise reverses scenes, situations, and characters of
ahead of the book, nor did the book incline to her "Possession" in a rather obvious fashion.
pass the reader on the track. Which is saying The corresponding figures in the two books
much for a detective story.
progress along parallel routes to equidistant ter-
Mr. Hardy's detective story is unusual in mini, and the journeys make very pleasant read-
many ways. There are actually human char- ing. There are good bits of characterization in
acters in it, and a swiftly woven texture of mo- “Conquest,” and an authentic air of sophistica-
tives, and charming bits of color, local and tion and interest regarding prize-fights and
otherwise; a love story that is not sentimental; sporting-events surprising in the work of a
and most unusual of all, a murder committed be- woman author even a British one.
fore our very eyes so that we know from the What we call “good taste" is the most un-
beginning who the murderer is, and are able to justly belittled of the virtues. We speak of it
follow with appreciation, and no less intensity usually as of a superficial attribute, when, as a
of interest, the work of a French detective whose matter of fact, it is probably as potent at the
success is based on neither luck nor cocaine nor roots of things as any other moral force. It is
marvelous scientific machinery.
not exaggeration to say that the French con-
A display of knowledge on matters typo ception of what constitutes good taste might have
graphic is a vanity peculiar, let us hope, to a saved the Germans from committing many
strictly past generation of reviewers, but it is atrocities in war and in peace, just as it might
not out of place to state that in the make-up of save many of our lesser novelists from utter
the present volume there is displayed a feeling banality. On the basis of this one book, “The
for the quality of the text that is seldom found Man Who Killed" (Brentano; $1.50), Claude
in any but the more expensive books. The type, Farrère must be classed among the lesser novel-
binding, preliminary pages, even the margins ists, but he must be classed, none the less, as a
and running heads, are characteristic of the better writer of some ditinction. The tale he tells is
class of French novels, and American novels of
a rather fantastic and melodramatic story of
twenty years ago.
modern Constantinople that might easily have
There is perhaps no one in spirit land who become garish in less skilful hands. But M.
would find so cordial a hearing as Mark Twain,
Farrère has what so many of our contemporary
if he were to send a message back to us. But writers lack-intellectual sophistication and good
the Mark Twain of "Jap Herron," the novel taste. Dramatic reserve, intelligent characteriza-
written from the ouija board (Mitchell Kenner-
tion, and an exotic background, painted with
ley; $1.50), is not the real Mark Twain. He beauty and understanding, make a strange tale
plausible and worth the reading.
is a pitiful shade, yearning ineffectually toward
a lost earth. If one accepts the book as his, it
"The Optimist,” by Susan Taber (Duffield;
discredits both his memory and the future life. $1.30), is the title of the first of a group of gen-
If one doesn't, the presumably sincere ladies who uine short stories. The author has remarkable
operated the ouija board are cast under a shadow.
a
ability in setting forth the meaningful episodes
There is, indeed, just enough circumstantial evi-
in her characters' lives. In her economical use
dence to arouse the horrible suspicion that per- of material, too, she is skilful, giving in consid-
haps Mark Twain did come back to write the erably less than the usual space illuminating
book. There are Mark Twain mannerisms in glimpses into the past and clever characteriza-
“Jap Herron"; there is an occasional glint of tions besides. For instance, the Optimist explains
what might be called Mark Twain humor; there to her vagabond husband that she is an optimist


598
[December 6
THE DIAL
because, after the suffering she has endured
CASUAL COMMENT
through him, anything is tolerable-a new way
of arriving at a philosophical attitude. Many
Noon, OCTOBER 31, 1917 marked 400 years
of the stories are brightened by humor and all are
since Martin Luther nailed on the door of the
fresh.
Schlosskirche at Wittenberg his twenty-five Latin
Mary Roberts Rinehart has adopted the
theses, from which the Protestant Reformation
is conveniently dated. For the sectaries who
pseudo-historical form in writing her latest novel,
think this act liberated them from intolerable
“Long Live the King” (Houghton Mifflin;
shackles the man who did it cannot help acquir-
$1.50). It is staged in two European countries
and deals lightly with the problems of monarchymythus-making mechanism generates everywhere
,
ing the heroic, semi-divine attributes which the
versus revolutionary democracy, while telling the
upon Napoleon and Washington and Lincoln, no
story of a young crown prince to whom an Amer-
ican scenic railway and the companionship of
less than upon Paul and Augustine and Luther.
In sharp contrast with the inflation worked auto-
the proprietor's small son appealed more than
matically among the sectaries is the bearishness
his own proper business of being taught how to
of Catholic writers on the Reformation. The
govern. The author has never failed to construct
latter cannot help regarding him as a stubborn,
a plausible, well-built tale, but she has put no
more significance into this than into her previous and in sharp need of discipline. A disinterested
rebellious priest, ignorant, bumptious, dogmatic,
work. It is amusing enough in contents and
estimate, such as a person might make who had
more than American in style.
no stake in the quarrel between Protestantism
In "A Castle to Let," by Mrs. Baillie Rey-
and Catholicism, does not exist. Protestant
nolds (Doran; $1.35), the ingredients are Tran-
estimates, moreover, exhibit a sharper partisan-
sylvania, which Mrs. Thurlow thinks is one of
ship than Catholic, because they are infected by
the United States; an old castle with numberless
the superlatives of German Wissenschaft, which
secret passages and one locked door as enticing
has been moved by national vanity to start its
as the one in Blue Beard; susceptible princes; modern national Pantheon with Luther. To the
one lost heir, in the guise of a servant; one Germans Luther is a German first and a Chris-
smoking dragon; and an English heiress who tian and a thinker afterward, and being German
rents the castle and thus acquires mysteries with-
is de facto supreme. And for the rest of the
out end. It is a book, that is to say, entirely of
Protestant world the forty-year-old habit of tak-
incident-a thriller for the movie-minded.
ing Germans at their own scholarly valuation is
The good detective story is never out of style, hard to break. Yet an educated Chinaman or
but “The Dream Doctor," by Arthur B. Reeve Hindu, looking upon Luther and his work with
(Harper; $1.35), and "The London Nights of
a sympathetic but disinterested eye, would find
Belsize," by Vernon Rendall (Lane; $1.40), are
him on the whole a man of rather cheap mind
even better than good, for they are different.
and no great dignity of character. He would
The detective-story enthusiast probably knows
find the Reformation, so far as Luther was in-
that Craig Kennedy, Arthur B. Reeve's hero, in-
volved in it, determined far more by dynastic
variably finds the solution of every mystery by and military considerations than religious ones.
means of his scientific apparatus: telephones with
He would find Luther uttering in his own life
power to reproduce more than the voice, cam-
and policy all that the modern mind finds most
eras with certain new powers, and machines to
intolerable in Catholicism. Between that and
detect the criminal. The mechanical devices
Lutheranism he would find no intellectual, only
would be useless, however, without Kennedy's
a political, difference-a decision of the issue
shrewd detective instincts. Very different are
between Guelph and Ghibelline in favor of the
the methods of Belsize, rich and eccentric, find-
secular authority. He would see the really
ing adventure in London. His only aids to un-
religious reformation of Catholicism among the
raveling mysteries are various Chinese axioms, followers of Calvin and Zwingli, and surveying
such as "Patience and a mulberry leaf will make
the two centuries which followed Luther's act,
a silk gown." A good part of the tales is persi- he might readily wonder whether that dance to
flage, indicated amply by titles like "Feeding the death was worth the fiddler's price. For what
Makers of Statistics" or "The Lost Scholar."
Catholics are apt to regard as Luther's pig-
In one entitled “Belsize as a Commentator:
headedness galvanized into new life a moribund
Sherlock Holmes,” the amateur detective casts system whose dogmas and symbols were fast be-
aspersions on Holmes's knowledge of Thucydides coming merely a hieroglyph and language for
and of Greek. In short he intimates that the any ideas a man might choose to entertain. Men
whole was a puzzle devised by Watson to keep within the church, even the successor of Peter
the famous detective amused.
himself, were free-thinking, secularizing powers,
>
>


1917]
599
THE DIAL
little concerned about salvation in a next world, figure became infinitely flexible. But this was
and much about the art of life in this. Author- an enervation of the artistic effect, because a
ity was giving way to tolerance, theology to violation of an inherently inflexible material.
humanism. If the church was corrupt, it was It was taking the backbone out of sculpture.
also urbane, and the corruption showed itself Yet Rodin was steadily pushing beyond the
moreover as the soil of a healthy secular freedom. boundaries of marble into the realm of color-
Luther's rather trivial theses were the starting- suggestion, from the plastic to the pictorial, with
points of a series of events which made dogma a growing impatience of the resistance of his
once more momentous. They generated a coun- medium. Pencil and water-color were his escape
ter-reformation against reformation, Jesuitism from it. It is in his drawings that Rodin more
against Puritanism. And for this, which our completely reveals his intimate approach to form
Chinese or Hindu historian would recognize as in movement. For the Auidity of line and wash
the outcome of an avoidable initial accident, permitted of his instantaneous tracing of the
mankind has paid a terrible price in treasure, inner reflection of the parade of moving structure
life, happiness, and freedom. It may be that as it passed before him. They possess conse-
the Providence that shapes our ends so shapes quently all the magic of the spontaneous, and
them that nothing worth winning can be other-
that perfect justification of the means in the
end which his over-refined statuary lacks.
wise won.
9
ONLY TO THOSE UPON WHOM HE EXERTED a
CERTAIN EDITORS OF POPULAR MAGAZINES
personal influence can the death of Rodin have
meant much. For to most of them the vigorous story to be commercially acceptable need not
have decided—tentatively at least—that a short
and kindly personality was as great a need as
be 8000 words, or even 6000 words, in length.
their own adulation. To many of them his
guidance and inspiration must have been of
It may be 2000, presumably, or even 1500, and
still escape being negligible. Emphatically, this
genuine positive value. But though he was
changing to the last, he will be remembered and
is a step in the right direction. It disposes of
at least one sort of standardization, and that by
reckoned by works long since completed, in their
no means the least annoying to the serious work-
way already classic. In fact, his death has
man who thinks of his subject as bearing some
eliminated all extra-artistic bias from the ap-
definite relation to its development. Will the
praisal of his work. His eloquence, his unction,
mere shortening of fiction automatically improve
his oracular pronouncements about art will for
its quality ? Only indirectly, probably, though
a long time prejudice the judges of his work,
the omission of banal chatter put in to extend the
but to the rest of the cultivated world he will
areas "next to reading matter," will be at least
be an artist of amazing originality, Auid and
a negative gain. Stevenson, to be sure, used to
abundant, thoughtful without profundity, ro-
mantic without passion. He is most profound
argue with great eloquence that he could pro-
and passionate when under the spell of Michel-
duce masterpieces with a pruning-knife; but he
angelo. The mention of this influence needs no
was only thoughtlessly reflecting the traditional
apology, for though it is a historical common-
French superstition, and confessing that he was
place, it is far more fundamental than is com-
never embarrassed by any exuberance of the cre-
monly supposed. Ever since the turbulent public
ative imagination. Masterpieces, alas, are not
appearance of the Bronze Age, in 1877, Rodin
to be had so cheaply. They are produced not by
manifested that whether his plastic conceptions leaving things out, but by putting the right
ultimately derived from specific works of Michel- things in. The short stories of Mr. Conrad are
angelo or not, he was haunted by his movement.
long, but they are never too long; they are just
What he learned from the Louvre Slaves, the long enough to contain all that he has found
St. Matthew, the Medici Chapel in Florence, it worth while to say about his theme. Neither
the Jeremiah in Rome, carried him beyond these are the short stories of O. Henry too short. His
in the same direction. It was a type of move- emotions exhausted themselves rapidly because
ment which began with the great master and they were obvious emotions and easily shared.
which had in his hands become a mode of ex- He understood his talent perfectly, and it was
pressing the will and the instincts in blind, not simple laziness that led him to do his trick
weltering labor and strife, while the physiog- with the swiftness of a juggler and ring down
nomy was to remain—at least in highly respect- the curtain on a smile or a sigh. Such a gift
able art — the agent of
mechanical, as his cannot adjust itself readily to the require-
knowable, superficial psychology. Rodin's ex- ments of 8000 words, and to maintain such a
ploitation of symbolic movement led him to relax standard places a serious handicap on men whose
the laws of twisting and bending until the work is done in the spirit of the artist.
more


600
[December 6
THE DIAL
CHRISTMAS LIST OF SELECTED JUVENILE
LITERATURE
Many of the sensations and conceptions of child-
hood reach far into the future to motivate the re-
actions and attitudes of middle age. The memory
of the first book echoes sensitively in the mind after
a lifetime of hardier experience. It is an earnest
of the pervasive influence of the original images, now
generating ceaselessly, though invisibly, in the deep
subconscious; and some psychologist may hereafter
point to a disquisition on the ramifications of the
first “Mother Goose."
Whether it is better that children should imbibe
fairy-tale conceptions of life or better that they
should imbibe the truth about things as they are,
however unlovely some things as they are may be,
depends, of course, on whether that early innocent
faith in the beauty and goodness of the world
engendered by pretty fairy tales and other candied
fiction, hinders or helps adjustment to the world as
it is, hinders or helps the movement to make the
world what it ought to be. For ourself, we should
place Anatole France's "Girls and Boys" in the
hands of every child; for he tells his stories with a
heart for the truth of life and a pity that some
things should be true-forces both for life as it
ought to be. Disillusionment at twenty has loosed
more misanthropy on the world than can ever be
laid at the door of bitter fact from the cradle up.
With a view_to helping in the choice of books for
children, THE DIAL presents herewith a selective list,
compiled by Miss May Massee, editor of the “Book
list," which is published by the American Library
Association.
FAIRY TALES
Broom Fairies, The, and Other Stories. By Ethel
M. Gate. Yale University Press; $1.
Eight new fairy tales which combine imagina-
tion, beauty, and humor so well that they could
hold their own in any collection of the best
old tales.
Red Indian Fairy Book for the Children's Own
Reading and for Story-tellers, The. By Frances
J. Olcott. Houghton Miffin; $2.
Beautifully told from authentic sources. They
are largely nature stories and are arranged for
the months of the year. The illustrations are
by Frederick Richardson.
Tales of the Persian Genii. By Frances J. Ol-
cott. Houghton Mifflin; $2.
Tales which abound in the color, the mystery,
and the wisdom of the East. Four beautiful
color plates by Willy Pogany. For the older
fairy-tale children.
Stokes' Wonder Book of Fairy Tales. Edited by
Elizabeth V. Quinn. Stokes; $2.
A delightful collection with twenty-four bright
colored plates and many illustrations in black
and white by Florence Choate and Elizabeth
Curtis. It includes the old, old favorites with
“Little Black Sambo" and "Peter Rabbit" for
the new.
Fairy Tales From Brazil. By Elsie S. Eells.
Dodd, Mead; $1.25.
Largely animal stories which remind one of
the Uncle Remus tales in “How the Tiger Got
His Stripes," "Why the Lamb Is Meek," "How
the Hen Got Speckles, and so on. Well told.
Boy Who Went to the East, The, By Ethel C.
Brill. Dutton; $1.50.
Twelve folk tales from the Iroquois and Algon-
quin Indians retold for eight-year-old white
Americans.
Old Peter's Russian Tales. By, Arthur Ransome.
Stokes; $2.
Old Peter tells the stories to his grandchildren.
He gives humorous touches, and
even the
familiar plots have the charm of novelty in
their different setting. Illustrated in color and
black and white by Dmitri Mitrokhin.
Enchanted Lochan, The. By F. Carmichael
Brunton. Crowell; $1.65.
Angus Og the Ever-young takes Hugh into
the enchanted land of Celtic lore and tells him
familiarly the stories of Midir the proud, Man-
nanan of the sea, Bridget of the fires and
others.
Book of Seven Wishes, The. By Gertrude A.
Kay. Moffat, Yard; $1.50.
Strange stories of what happened when the
wishes came true, what might happen to any
little boy or girl if the fairies were to be as
busy now as they were long ago, in once-upon-
a-time. Good pictures, several in color.
Treasury of Folk Tales, A. By Lilian Gask.
Crowell; 50 cts.
Eight well-told stories from various countries.
This makes a good cheap gift book for the
fairy-tale age.
BOYS' STORIES
(Girls will like the stories in this division
just as well as boys.)
Raven Patrol of Bob's Hill By Charles P. Bur-
ton. Holt; $1.30.
The Bob's Hill boys camp on the ocean and
have an exciting Fourth of July in Boston.
Entertaining and full of fun.
Island of Appledore, The. By Adair Aldon. Mac-
millan; $1.25.
Seventeen-year-old Billy's adventures on
island off the coast of New England which is
wanted by Germans for a wireless station.
Sheridan's Twins. By Sidford F. Hamp. Put-
nam; $1.25.
The adventures of two boys in the early days
of Colorado. Common sense, pluck, and in-
dustry combine with thrilling dangers to make
their lives and their story interesting.
Camp Jolly; or The Secret-finders in the Grand
Cañon. By Frances Little. Century; $1.25.
A good adventure story. Amusement is fur-
nished by the colored boy, Rags, who accom-
panies the boys and Billy's father in their
"secret-hunt" in the canyon.
Gold Cache, The. By James W. Schultz. Hough-
ton Miffin; $1.25.
Adventures of a youth and some Blackfoot
Indians, who travel far in search of buried
gold. The dangers of the way and hostile
Indians add excitement.
Straight Ahead. By Hawley Williams. Apple-
ton; $1.35.
An idle, careless boy is expelled from school
as a failure, turns over a new leaf, and ends by
being taken as a "silent" but working partner
in his father's grocery store.
Book of the Happy Warrior, The, By Sir Henry
J. Newbolt. Longmans, Green; $1.75.
For boys and girls who like the tales of chiv-
alry, this book gives stories of Roland, Richard
Cour de Lion, St. Louis, Robin Hood and
other well-known knights, with a comparison
of chivalry then and now.
an


1917]
601
THE DIAL
Give Only Wholesome
Books to that
Youngster!
Golden Eagle, The. By Allen French. Century;
$1.25.
Pelham and his sister spend a summer on the
New England coast and learn to sail a boat
well.
Rulers of the Lakes, The. By Joseph A. Alt-
sheler. Appleton; $1.35.
The scene is laid around Lakes George and
Champlain at the time of the French and In-
dian War just after Braddock's defeat. The
boy heroes act as scouts for William Johnson
in the expedition against Crown Point. A
sequel to “The Shadow of the North.”
Blue Heron's Feather, The. By Rupert S. Hol-
land. Lippincott; $1.25.
"The story of a Dutch boy in the American
colony of New Netherland. Along with Pe-
ter's fortunes, his experiences with settlers
and Indians, the history of the colony is out-
lined, to the time of the English occupation.
Boy Scout, The, and Other Stories for Boys. By
Richard Harding Davis. Scribner; $1.25.
Contents: "The Boy Scout"; "The Boy Who
Cried Wolf”; “Gallegher”; “Blood Will Tell”;
“The Bar Sinister."
Plattsburgers, The. By Arthur S. Pier. Hough-
ton Miffin; $1.25.
A story of training at the first Plattsburg mili-
tary camp for boys.
Sons of Eli. By Ralph D. Paine. Scribner; $1.35.
Nine readable short stories about undergradu-
ate life at Yale, especially athletics and the
spirit of the various teams.
STORIES FOR GIRLS FROM ELEVEN
TO THIRTEEN
Surprise House. By Abbie F. Brown. Hough-
ton Mifflin; $1.
How Mary found her inheritance through clues
that were revealed as she carefully read the
books recommended by her aunt who had given
Mary her library.
Lost Little Lady, The. By Emilie B. Knipe and
Arthur A. Knipe. Century; $1.35.
An entertaining story of an Irish girl in New
York in Civil War times and of a little south-
ern girl lost there with her mammy.
Spanish Chest, The. By Edna A. Brown. Loth-
rop, Lee and Shepard; $1.35.
The treasure chest adds adventure to the de-
lightful account of the winter spent by the
children on the Isle of Jersey.
Girl Next Door, The. By Augusta H. Seaman.
Century; $1.25.
A mystery story which concerns a strange girl
living with two mysterious old women in a
closely shuttered house next door.
Winona of Camp Karonya. By Margaret Wid-
demer. Lippincott; $1.25.
A bright, entertaining story of Camp Fire
Girls and Boy Scouts, a lost English scout from
the Belgian front, an adopted baby, and many
unusual happenings. Sequel to "Winona of
the Camp Fire."
Chokecherry Island. By Louise S. Hasbrouck.
Appleton; $1.35.
Two sisters and their brother have to spend
the summer on an island in the St. Lawrence
River. They find a mysterious stranger, a sensi-
ble boy and girl their own age and some sur-
prising ideas of their own deficiencies.

Tuck-Me-In Stories
By Enos B. Comstock
Read it again! Read it again! I want to
hear about how the little rabbit hid in the
big bear tracks, and the dogs didn't catch him,
and about the blue jay who tried to make
believe he could sing, and about the fox who
won a race and lost a dinner, and about the
wedding cake dream, and about the old rat
whose manners were very bad but who didn't
catch the little mouse-and-and-I want to
hear them all over. Read it again, Mother,
read it again!
That's how the little tot takes to “Tuck-
Me-In Stories,” the brightest, most pleasing
juvenile success of the season.
Illustrated in color and line. $1.00 net.
The Book of Seven Wishes
By Gertrude Alice Kay
Wishing! And what a magic number is
seven! But you may say when you see these
wonderful pictures that such things never hap-
pen to you. But maybe you did not make your
wish quickly enough when the star fell, or
perhaps the load of hay was drawn by black
horses instead of white ones, or else the new
moon was tipped in such a way that all the
luck ran out. Just try this Book of Seven
Wishes and see if your luck isn't better.
Illustrated in color and line by the author.
$1.50 net.
Order from your dealer or from
Moffat, Yard & Company
Publishers New York


602
[December 6
THE DIAL
ers.
GIVE BOOKS WORTH WHILE
Notice the authorship of these
Giotto and Some of his
Followers
By OSVALD SIREN, author of Leonardo da
Vinci, compiler of the Catalogue of the Jarves
Collection, Yale University, Professor of the His-
tory of Art, University of Stockholm. 2 vols.
Italian hand-made paper sides. $12.00. (Special
subscribers' edition, $30.00.)
One of the important art books of the year. It
treats Giotto in relation to the art of his time,
taking up with a thoroughness not to be found
elsewhere the work of six of his principal follow-
Vol. II is a beautiful collection of plates
illustrating about 300 masterpieces.
Euthymides and his Fellows
By JOSEPH CLARK HOPPIN, sometime Pro-
fessor of the Greek Language and Literature in
the
American School of Classical Studies at
Athens.
$4.00
The plates in this volume will delight any lover
of ceramics.
The Ladies of Dante's Lyrics
By CHARLES HALL GRANDGENT, Professor
of Romance Languages in Harvard University.
$1.35
These lectures, freely interspersed with transla-
tions from the lyrics, introduce various ladies
celebrated in Dante's lighter verse and discuss the
question of their allegorical significance.
The Spiritual Message
of Dante
By RT. REV. WILLIAM BOYD CARPENTER.
Portraits and plates. $1.50
Unusually graceful diction and profound scholar-
ship characterize this analysis of the Divina
Commedia.
Sonnets and Other Lyrics
By ROBERT SILLIMAN HILLYER. 75 cents
Especially noteworthy among the republished
poems is To Those Who Defended.
The War of Positions
By LT. COL. PAUL AZAN of the French Army.
Eleventh thousand. $1.25
Colonel Azan's reputation as a trainer of army
officers in France and America is responsible
for the great demand for this condensed manual
of information necessary for trench fighters.
French for Soldiers
By A. F. WHITTEM and P. W. LONG.
Re-
vised by Officers of the French Army.
The essential grammar and vocabularies for im-
mediate use at the front.
STORIES FOR THE OLDER GIRLS
Newcomers, The. By Elia W. Peattie. Hough-
ton Mifflin; $1.25.
A pleasant family of young people and their
mother move from Chicago to a little town.
The story describes their readjustments and
their part in helping their neighbors.
Heart of Isabel Carleton, The. By Margaret E.
Ashmun. Macmillan; $1.25.
Isabel's year at college; a sequel to “Isabel
Carleton's Year." Like that, it is distinguished
by its wholesome simplicity and its emphasis
on natural interests and companionships. Not
the type that its name would indicate.
Maid of Old Manhattan, A. By Emilie B. Knipe
and Arthur A. Knipe. Macmillan; $1.25.
There is a mystery about the identity of An-
netje, who has been brought up in New Am-
sterdam, and it is not solved until the English
take the town. A good picture of the times,
with romance enough to please girls about
fourteen.
BOOKS FOR THE LITTLE CHILDREN
Tuck-me-in Stories. By Enos B. Comstock. Mof-
fat, Yard; $1.
Amusing animal stories which have much of
the wisdom and humor of the old fables. The
pictures are of real animals, with expression,
not just overdressed caricatures.
Muvver and Me. By Robert Livingston. Hough-
ton Mifflin; $1.
"Old-fashioned rhymes for new-fangled kid-
dies," about the everyday happenings dear to
every little boy and girl.
When Daddy Was a Boy. By Thomas W. Parry.
Little, Brown; $1.25.
Daddy lived on a southern farm and he re-
members all the details that make his stories
of the time interesting to read to six- and
seven-year-olds.
Cloud Boat Stories. By Olive R. Barton, Hough-
ton Mifflin; $1.50.
The little boy sails with the Sandman to ad-
ventures with familiar Mother Goose charac-
ters. Pleasantly told, with attractive pictures in
color and black and white by Milo Winter.
Old Dutch Nursery Rhymes. By R. H. Elkin;
illustrated by H. Willebeek Le Mair. McKay;
$2.
Quaint colored illustrations with songs and
music. A delightful companion to “Our Old
Nursery Rhymes” and “Little Songs of Long
Ago.
Mother West Wind “When” Stories. By Thorn-
ton W. Burgess. Little, Brown; $1.
The perennial and much loved. "Quaddies”
again. This time Grandfather Frog tells about
when Mr. Bluebird got his coat, Mr. Gopher
got pockets, Mr. Hummingbird his long bill,
and so on.
Two Little Mice and Others. By Katharine Pyle.
Dodd, Mead; $1.25.
Teensy and Weensy have adventures which
closely resemble those possible for any five-
year-old girl and boy. Fascinating illustrations
by the author.
Toyland Mother Goose, The. By Patten Beard.
Stokes; $1.50.
One hundred and forty Mother Goose rhymes
illustrated with photographs of children's toys.
Studies in Norman Institutions
By CHARLES HOMER HASKINS, Dean of the
Graduate School in Harvard University.
A scholarly survey of various phases of Norman
administration which have affected all English-
speaking countries.
By the Honorable Elihu Root
Addresses on International Subjects. $2.50.
Addresses on Government and Citizenship. $2.50.
Latin America and the United States. $2.50.
The Military and Colonial Policy of the United
States. $2.50.
Miscellaneous Addresses. $2.50.
The United States and the War. The Mission
to Russia. $3.00.
If your dealer cannot show you these books,
send to the
HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS
23 Randall Hall
280 Madison Ave.
Cambridge, Mass.
New York, N. Y.


1917]
603
THE DIAL
ESSAYS IN THE STUDY OF
SIENESE PAINTING
By Bornard Boronson
Sm. 4to. Photogravure frontispiece and many
full-page photographic plates. $8.50 net. De-
livered $3.65. (In press.)
Nothing that Mr. Berenson has written in re-
cent years surpasses this volume in its incisive
and illuminating handling of a difficult and ex-
tremely interesting subject. The author iden-
tifies heretofore unrecognized artistic personalities
and indicates the development of little known
artists whose paintings are quite as fascinating
as they are rare.
VENETIAN PAINTING IN
AMERICA
THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY
By Bernard Boronson
Small 4to. Photogravure frontispiece and 110
full-page photographic plates, $5.00 net. De-
livered $5.20.
One of the most significant works of reconstruc-
tive criticism that have appeared in recent years
on the subject of Italian painting. It teems with
incidental criticism, aesthetic evaluations, and val.
uable hints of attribution.
-The Dial.
LANDSCAPE AND FIGURE
PAINTERS OF AMERICA
By Frederic F. Sherman
12mo. Photogravure frontispiece and 27 photo-
graphic plates. $1.75 net. Delivered $1.86.
(Ready December 16.)
Brief essays aimed toward a fuller appreciation
of the significant phases of American art from
the landscape of Homer Martin to the nudes
of Miss Lillian Genth, including the work of
Albert P. Ryder, Robert Loftin Newman, R. A.
Blakelock and others.
OTHER BOOKS FOR BOYS OR GIRLS
ABOUT ELEVEN
Story-Book of Science, The. By Jean H. C.
Fabre; translated by Florence Č. Bicknell.
Century; $2.
The wonders of the plant and animal world,
with chapters on natural phenomena, volcanoes,
earthquakes, etc. Fascinating to children who
can use their eyes and their minds and are
not afraid of a little preachment.
First Aid for Boys. By Norman B. Cole and
Clifton H. Ernst. Appleton; $1.25.
A manual for boy scouts; the directions are
well given and simplified by diagrams.
Top of the Continent, The. By Robert S. Yard.
Scribner; 75 cts.
“The story of a cheerful journey through our
national parks.” Two children take the journey
with their parents. They learn something of
the way our world is being made and more
of its glory and wonder. Illustrated with over
seventy excellent photographs. For boys and
girls about ten years old.
When I Was a Girl in Holland. By Cornelia De
Groot. Lothrop, Lee and Shepard; 75 cts.
A matter-of-fact but interesting account of a
girl's life in Friesland. For children about
eleven.
OTHER BOOKS FOR OLDER BOYS OR GIRLS
Carpentry for Beginners. By John D. Adams.
Moffat, Yard; $1.50.
Gives many suggestions for boys who can use
tools
well and follow a working, drawing:
Boys' Book of Mounted Police, The. By Irving
Crump. Dodd, Mead; $1.35.
Tells of the heroic service and the strenuous
lives of the Constabulary or Mounted Police
in the United States and the border countries.
Thrilling Deeds of British Airmen. By Eric
Wood. Crowell; $1.65.
Descriptions of spectacular work in fighting
Zeppelins and enemy air-planes, bombing sup-
ply stations, submarine bases, etc.
Boys' Book of Sports, The. Edited by Grantland
Rice. Century; $2.
Famous players in all the outdoor sports tell
the boys how they won their honors. Illus-
trated with photographs of men in action. A
treasure-trove for any outdoor boy.
How to Fly. By Archie F. Collins. Appleton;
$1.10.
A clear and untechnical description of how the
aeroplane Alies, how it is built and balanced,
how the engine works, and how to become a
pilot.
PRAYERS, POETRY, AND PLAYS
Prayers for Use in Home, School, and Sunday
School. Edited by Frederica Beard. Doran;
60 cts.
A beautiful collection arranged for little chil-
dren, boys and girls from nine to fourteen
years of age, and for young people.
All Around the Sun-dial. By Caroline Hofman.
Dutton; $2.
That rare thing, a book of children's verses for
children and not just about children. De-
lightful pictures in color and black and white.
Little Days, The. By Frances Gill. Houghton
Mifflin; $1.50.
Charming verses which will interest the imagi-
native, thoughtful child. Attractive illustra-
tions by Milo Winter.
press.)
FRANCISCO DE ZURBARAN
By Jose Cascalos Munoz
Translated by
NELLIE YE EVANS
4to. Photogravure frontispiece and 60 full-page
photographic plates. Limited edition of 300
copies only. $10.00 net. Delivered $10.26. (In
An exhaustive study of this great Spanish artist
of the seventeenth century containing all the
known facts of his life, an exhaustive list of his
works and an intelligent and informing criticism
of his art.
THE LATE YEARS OF
MICHEL ANGELO
By Wilhelm R. Valentiner
8vo. Illustrated with collotype plates, 300 copies
on hand-made paper at $6.00 net.
No one has made the mysterious giant of the
Renaissance live for us in the same degree.
-New York Tribune.
AMERICAN ARTIST SERIES
Each volume uniform, finely printed from type
on
hand-made paper in limited editions and
beautifully illustrated with photogravure plates.
Aloxandor Wyant. By Eliot Clark....... $12.50
Winslow Homor. By Kenyon Cox........ 12.50
Goorge Innoss. By Elliott Daingerfield... 12.50
Homer Martin. By Frank J. Mather, Jr. 12.50
R. A. Blakelock. By Elliott Daingerfield... 10.00
Fifty Paintings by Innoss...
20.00
Fifty.olght Palntings by Martin..
15.00
Sixty Paintings by Wyant (In Press) 15.00
Frederic Fairchild Sherman
1790 BROADWAY
NEW YORK


604
[December 6
THE DIAL
New Crowell
Juveniles
BOY'S BOOK OF SCOUTS
By PERCY K. FITZHUGH
A collection of entertaining accounts of Kit Car-
son, Daniel Boone, David Crockett, Buffalo Bill,
and many others.
Illus., 8vo., net $1.25
THE BOOK OF HOLIDAYS
By J. WALKER McSPADDEN
The "days we celebrate” are described in pleas-
ing style for young people. Illus., 8vo., net $1.25
THE ENCHANTED LOCHAN
By F. CARMICHAEL BRUNTON
Stories of Celtic Mythology, with four illustrations
in color.
8vo., net $1.65
THE AGE OF FABLE, or Stories
of Gods and Heroes
By THOMAS BULFINCH
Sixteen full-page illustrations and index.
12mo., cloth, net $1.00
BABES OF THE WILD
By LILIAN GASK
Illustrations in color.
8vo., net $1.25
Holiday Plays for Home, School and Settlement.
By Virginia Olcott Moffat, Yard; $1.
Eight children's plays for special holidays. All
are short, easily given, and have definite sug-
gestions and pictures for costumes.
Plays, Pantomimes and Tableaux for Children.
By Nora A. Smith. Moffat, Yard; $1.
Five plays, fairy-tale pantomimes, and Christ-
mas tableaux. The suggestions for staging
and costuming will help the grown-ups who
are allowed to play with the children.
BIOGRAPHY
Life of Robert E. Lee for Boys and Girls, The.
By J. G. de Roulhac Hamilton and Mary
Thompson Hamilton. Houghton Mifflin; $1.25.
For boys and girls of the upper grammar
grades or high school. A dignified account
which emphasizes the man as a great Ameri-
can, a hero for the South and the North as
well.
Heroes of To-day. By Mary R. Parkman. Cen-
tury; $1.35.
John Burroughs, John Muir, Wilfred Grenfell,
Robert F. Scott, Edward Trudeau, Bishop
Rowe, Jacob Riis, Rupert Brooke, Herbert C.
Hoover, Samuel Pierpont Langley, George
Washington Goethals.
Heroines of Service. By Mary R. Parkman. Cen-
tury; $1.35.
Mary Lyon, Clara Barton, Frances Willard,
Julia Ward Howe, Anna Shaw, Mary Antin,
Mary Slessor, Madame Curie, Jane Addams,
Alice C. Fletcher, Alice Freeman Palmer.
These books give outlines of the work of men
and women of to-day, told to interest girls or
boys about twelve or their older sisters or
brothers or mothers and fathers.
Ten American Girls from History. By Kate D.
Sweetser. Harper; $1.50.
Interesting stories of Pocahontas, Dorothy
Quincy, Molly Pitcher, Elizabeth Van Lew,
Ida Lewis, Clara Barton, Virginia Reed, Louisa
M. Alcott, Clara Morris, Anna Dickinson. For
girls about twelve years of age.
NEW EDITIONS OF OLD FAVORITES
Red Badge of Courage, The. By Stephen Crane.
Appleton; $1.
Gulliver's Travels. By Jonathan Swift. Edited
by Padraic Colum; illustrated by Willy Pogany.
Macmillan; $2.
Boy's King Arthur, The. Edited by Sidney Lan-
ier; illustrated by N. C. Wyeth. Scribner;
$2.50.
Nights with Uncle Remus. By Joel Chandler
Harris; illustrated by Milo Winter. Houghton
Mimin; $3.
Prince and the Pauper, The. By Mark Twain;
Illustrated by Franklin Booth. Harper; $2.50.
Water Babies, The. By Charles Kingsley; illus-
trated by Maria L. Kirk. Lippincott; $i.35.
Moufflou and Other Stories. By Louisa de la
Ramé; illustrated by Maria L. Kirk. Lippin-
cott; 50 cts.
Grimm's Fairy Tales. Illustrated by Monro S.
Orr. McKay; $1.
Treasure Island. By Robert Louis Stevenson;
illustrated by John Cameron. McKay; $1.
Kidnapped. By Robert Louis Stevenson; illus-
trated by W. R. S. Stott. McKay; $1.
Our Children. By Anatole France; illustrated
by Boutet de Monvel. Duffield; $2.25.
Girls and Boys. By Anatole France; illustrated
by Boutet de Monvel. Duffield; $2.25.
WOOD and WATER FRIENDS
By CLARENCE HAWKES
By the author of "Hitting the Dark Trail." Illus-
trated by Copeland.
8vo., net $1.25
UNCLE SQUEAKY'S
VACATION
By NELLIE M. LEONARD
Illustrated.
12mo., net 50 cents
THE PIKE'S PEAK RUSH
By EDWIN L. SABIN
Illustrated by H. Fisk.
8vo., net $1.00
A TREASURY OF FOLK TALES
A TREASURY OF OLD
FAIRY TALES
Illustrated.
12mo., per vol., net 50 cents
BOYS AND GIRLS OF MANY
LANDS
By INEZ N. McFEE
Illustrated.
8vo., net $1.25
SAMI AND THE BIRDS
By JOHANNA SPYRI
Illustrated in color.
Net 50 cents
Order of Your Bookseller
Thos.Y.Crowell Company
426-428 W. Broadway,
New York


1917]
60.
THE DIAL
A SELECTED LIST OF CHRISTMAS BOOKS
Divers
Proverbs

By
Nathan Bailey
Woodcuts by
Allen Lewis
ALLEN
LEWIS
Oo
A unique vol-
ume of old
proverbs, with
their “explica-
tions,” here col-
lected for the
first time and
printe din rubri.
cated Old Style text. Boards, with marble-
paper sides and paper label. $1.00 net.
The hostage By Paul Claudel
A translation, with Introduction by
Pierre Chavannes, of one of Claudel's best
known and perhaps most characteristic plays.
Boards, $1.50 net.
an
THE DIAL presents herewith a short list of some
of the outstanding works of the fall publishing
season. The list is not offered as in any sense
exhaustive.
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCE
Viscount Morley's Recollections. 2 vols., Mac-
millan; $7.50.
The Middle Years. By Henry James. Scribner;
$1.25.
The Journals of Leo Tolstoy. Vol. 1. Dutton; $2.
Selections from the Correspondence of the First
Lord Acton. Edited by John Neville Figgis
and Reginald Vere Laurence. 2 vols. Long-
mans, Green; $5.
Uncollected Letters of Abraham Lincoln. Edited
by Gilbert A. Tracy and Ida M. Tarbell.
Houghton Mifflin; $2.50.
Joseph H. Choate. By Theron G. Strong. Dodd,
Mead; $3.
Years of My Youth. By William Dean Howells.
Harper; $2.50.
In the World. By Maxim Gorky. Century; $2.
The Journal of Leo Tolstoi. Translated by Rose
Strunsky. Knopf; $2.
Li Hung Chang. By J. O. P. Bland. Holt; $2.
ESSAYS AND GENERAL LITERATURE
Mark Twain's Letters. Edited by Albert Bige-
low Paine. 2 vols. Harper; $4.
Some Modern Belgian Writers. By G. Turquet
Milnes. McBride; $1.
Tendencies in Modern American Poetry. By Amy
Lowell. Macmillan; $2.50.
The Cambridge History of American Literature.
Edited by William Peterfield Trent, John Ers-
kine, Stuart Pratt Sherman, and Carl Van
Doren. Putnam; $3.50 per vol.
John Keats. By Sir Sidney Colvin. Scribner;
$4.50.
A Book of Prefaces. By H. L. Mencken. Knopf;
$1.50.
Nietzsche, the Thinker. By William M. Salter.
Holt; $3.50.
Literature and Life. By Lafcadio Hearn. Edited
by John Erskine. Dodd, Mead; $3.50.
BOOKS ON WAR AND PEACE
Political Ideals. By Bertrand Russell. Century;
$1.
The Coming Democracy. By Hermann Fernau.
Dutton; $2.
Militarism. By Karl Liebknecht. Huebsch; $1.
Nationalism., By Sir Rabindranath Tagore. Mac-
millan; $1.50.
My Third Year of the War. By Frederick Pal-
mer. Dodd, Mead; $1.50.
Faith, War and Policy. By Gilbert Murray.
Houghton Mifflin; $1.25.
The Soul of the Russian Revolution. By Mois-
saye J. Olgin. Holt; $2.50.
Japan in World Politics. By K. K. Kawakami.
Macmillan; 1.50.
America and the Cause of the Allies. By Norman
Angell. Putnam; $1.25.
BOOKS OF VERSE
Evening Hours. By Emile Verhaeren. Lane; $1.
· Al Que Quiere. By William Carlos Williams.
Four Seas Co.; $1.
Lines Long and Short. By Henry B. Fuller.
Houghton Miffin; $1.25.
There's Pippins and Cheese
to Come
By Charles S. Brooks
These delightful essays that stray every-
where and lead nowhere are rich in the quiet
humor and whimsical fancies that made the
author's previous volume, “Journeys to Bag.
dad,” such a success. Twenty-six pen-and-ink
sketches. Boards, $2.00 net.
.
A Book of Yale Review
Verse With a Foreword by the Editors
A dainty gift-book, including poems by John
Masefield, Alfred Noyes, Robert Frost, Walter
de la Mare, Amy Lowell, and others. Boards,
75 cents net.
Sea Moods and Other
Poems
By Edward Bliss Reed
Readers will gain from these lyrics the ex-
hilaration which only a salt breeze can give.
Cloth, $1.00 net.
Beggar and King
By Richard Butler Glaenzer
“A first volume of verse by an American poet
of rare versatility.”—Boston Transcript. Boards,
with Italian hand-made paper sides, $1.00 net.
Tower of Jvory
By Archibald MacLeish
Poems of lyric quality and intellectual depth.
Boards, $1.00 net.
YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS
120 College Street 280 Madison Avenue
NEW HAVEN, CONN.
NEW YORK CITY


606
[December 6
THE DIAL
SALT OF THE
EARTH
The Collected Poems of Wilfrid Wilson Gibson.
Macmillan; $2.
Old Christmas, and Other Kentucky Tales in
Verse. By William Aspenwall Bradley. Hough-
ton Mifflin; $1.25.
Grenstone Poems. By Witter Bynner. Stokes;
$1.75.
Lustra. By Ezra Pound. Knopf; $1.50.
The Chinese Nightingale. By Vachel Lindsay.
Macmillan; $1.25.
Others, An Anthology of the New Verse. Edited
by Alfred Kreymborg. Knopf; $1.50.
The Jig of Forslin. By Conrad Aiken. Four
Seas Co.
Tricks of the Trade. By J. C. Squire. Putnam;
$1.
The Closed Door. By Jean de Bosschere. Trans-
lated by J. S. Flint. Lane; $1.25.
By MRS. ALFRED SIDGWICK
Author of “Home Life in Germany," etc.
HE author of this book knows and under-
T stands Germany-its customs, its people,
through and through. She has the gift of
interpretation. Her characters are living flesh
and blood. They are made real to us, and their
very souls are bared.
Here we learn just what that thing is against
which we are fighting. Here we learn just why
we are sending our men to the trenches.
As we
read we are stirred to a new passion of zeal
in this battle for the triumph of right over
wrong.
The writer reveals to us the heart of Germany,
lovable in some aspects, but chiefly sinister, hide
ous, a threat to the world. As we read we get un-
der the skin of the military caste that lusts to
dominate the whole world.
But the truth taught by this novel is not its
only merit. It is a story full of charm from
the first word to the last. There are bits of
realism that give the reader & new appreciation
of war's hatefulness. Yet, at the end, there
is happiness for those who have grown strong
through suffering.
It is a novel of entertainment that thrills and
satisfies. It leaves & memory of the sort that
makes for patriotism.
For Sale by all Booksellers, Net $1.40.
NOTES FOR BIBLIOPIJILES
(Inquiries or contributions to this department should be ad-
dressed to John E. Robinson, the Editor, who will be
pleased to render to readers such services as are possible.]
W.J.Watt & Co. Publishers New York
Popular Jacobs Juveniles
The Flag
By Homer Greone
An inspiring, patriotic story of the present war. Illus-
trated. $1.25 net.
Jean of Greenacres
By Izola L. Forrester
The interesting experiences of Jean in the city, when
she takes up her chosen work and makes good. A book
to inspire as well as to entertain. 12mo. cloth. Inlay on
cover and four colored illustrations. $1.26 net.
The first important New York book sale of the
season was held by the American Art Association
on November 19 and 20. There were three ses-
sions and 761 lots. The grand total was $10,760.50.
Of all the items the most interesting perhaps was
"The Isle of Pines,” by Henry Neville, printed
at Cambridge, Massachusetts, by Samuel Green
the elder, in 1668. It was an unrecorded issue of
one of the "lost books" of the colonial press in the
college buildings at Cambridge. It was the White
Kennett copy, with his autograph signature on the
title, and was in Bishop Kennett's library, disposed
of in London on July 30, 1917. After the death
of Mathew Day in 1649, Green was appointed to
take charge of the printing-office of the college
press. He became prominent both in civil and
military affairs of the colony. His name is the
most famous of all the early printers in New
England, his service as manager of the college
press extending over forty years. “The Isle of
Pines” is a romance after the manner of Swift and
Defoe. It was quite popular in its day and passed
through several editions. It was knocked down
to Mr. Blanchfield for $410.
The rare first edition of "The American Physi-
tian," by W. Hughes, London, 1672, went to Mr.
Furman for $40. The wax portrait of George
Washington done from life by Joseph Wright, and
from which he made the plaster cast which he sent
to his mother, Patience Wright, as a model for
her famous wax-relief portrait of Washington, was
bought on order for $520. A stipple portrait of
Washington, drawn by R. Peale, engraved by D.
Edwin, and published by J. Savage in 1800, was
bought by Frederick W. Morris for $95. A stipple
portrait of John Adams, published by E. Savage
in 1800, sold for $75, and a stipple portrait of
Thomas Jefferson, drawn by R. Peale, engraved by
D. Edwin, and published by J. Savage in 1800,
went for $65. “The American Querist,” by Myles
Cooper, New York, printed by James Rivington,
1774, the extremely rare second issue, was ob-
tained by Mr. Morris for $60.
)
The Greenacre Girls
Uniform with above. $1.25 net.
Joan's California Summer
By Caroline E. Jacobs and Lucy M. Blanchard
An informative and delightfully interesting tale of how
two boys and two girls spent a summer in California.
12mo. cloth. Illustrated. $1.25 net.
Andersen's Fairy Tales
(The Washington Square Classics)
A complete edition, compiled in the main from the trans-
lations of Mrs. E. Lucas and Mrs. H. B. Paul. Seven
colored pictures by Eleanor P. Abbott. 12mo. Reinforced
cloth binding. $1.26 net.
1
George W.Jacobs & Co., Publishers, Philadelphia, Pa.


1917]
607
THE DIAL
Life Development
Books
Ass ociation
Press
BOOKS WITH
PURPOSE
Everyday Life,
Christian Educa-
tional, Physical
Education, and
Bible Study Liter-
ature
AP
Publication De-
partment, Inter-
national Commit-
tee, Young Men's
Christian Asso-
ciations
A NEW FOSDICK BOOK
(To Be Published Dec. 15th)
“The Meaning of
Faith”
By HARRY EMERSON FOSDICK
An “Everyday Life" Book
Thin Paper, Art Leather Cloth,
Round Corners, Pocket Size, $1.00
THIS IS THE BOOK that Fosdick
has been working on for years, and
turned aside long enough to write “The
Challenge of the Present Crisis.”
The author's purpose in these twelve studies
is to clear away the misapprehensions involved
in the commonly accepted theories of faith, to
indicate the relationship of faith to other aspects
of life, to face frankly the serious question of
suffering as an obstacle of faith, and to expound
the vital significance of faith in Jesus Christ.
"Military Collection and Romance," by Major
Robert Donkin, New York, printed by H. Gaine,
1777, with the rare frontispiece engraved by J.
Smither, dedicated by the author to Earl Percy,
was bought by Charles F. Heartman for $60. A
rare Revolutionary broadside poem, "Description
of the Sufferings of those who were on board the
Jersey and other prison Ships in the Harbor of
New York,” went to Mr. Heartman for $52.50.
He paid the same amount for “Lettre du Roi,"
Paris, 1780. Mr. Morris gave $80 for the rare
Boston 1780 edition of the “History of the War
in America,” and $56 for the rare Philadelphia
1783 first-printed broadside regarding the cessa-
tion of arms. Mr. Heartman paid $56 for the
first peace proclamation by Governor William Pace
of Maryland, dated Annapolis, 1783.
The rare “Declaration of the Demeanor and
Cariage of Sir Walter Raleigh," by Sir Francis
Bacon, London, 1618, was bought on order for
$45. Lathrop C. Harper paid $50 for Richard
Blome's “Description of the Island of Jamaica,'
London, 1768, and $39 for Zabdiel Boylston's "His-
torical Account of the Small-Pox Inoculated in
New England,” Boston, 1730. Mr. Furman gave
$30 for Thomas Bray's "Memorial,” London,
1700. Curtis Walters obtained for $70 the rare
first edition of "The White-Footed Deer and
other Poems,” by William Cullen Bryant, original
wrappers uncut, New York, 1844. Mr. Heartman
paid $170 for the original edition of Eliot's “New
Testament in the Indian Language,” Cambridge,
1661, and $42.50 for the rare Edinburgh 1699
edition of the “Isthmus of Darien.”
An autograph letter of Daniel Parke Custis, first
husband of Martha Washington, dated May 5,
1755, was bought on order for $42.50. Mr. Har-
per paid $34 for "America,” a poem by William
Livingston, governor of New Jersey, printed at
New Haven in 1770. Mr. Morris gave $97.50 for
Sir Martin Frobisher's voyages in German, printed
at Noremberg in 1580, and Mr. Harper obtained
for $60 a Latin edition of the same work printed
the same year in the same town. An exceedingly
scarce edition of "An Abridgement of Samuel Hop-
kins's Historical Memoirs relating to the Hon-
satunnuk or Stockbridge Indians," with introduc-
tion by Benjamin Franklin, Philadelphia, 1757,
went to Robert H. Dodd for $400. Mr. Heartman
paid $100 for Daniel Horsmanden's “Negro Plot,”
1747. Mr. Harper gave $320 for the Paris 1782
original edition of Thomas Jefferson's "Notes on
the State of Virginia.” Mr. Dodd paid $60 for
the rare “Letter to a Friend,” by John Kearsley,
Philadelphia, printed by B. Franklin and D. Hall,
1751. George D. Smith obtained for $50 the scarce
Kennebeck Claims, Boston, 1786. "The National
Songster," Hagerstown, 1814, with Francis Scott
Key's "The Star Spangled Banner," bearing the
caption “Defense of Fort McHenry," went to Mr.
Harper for $60.
St. Louis University paid $50 for the rare homo-
graphic chart of the settlements on the Mississippi,
printed at Cincinnati in 1842. W. Hooks gave $52
for a broadside by the New Hampshire Committee
of Safety, printed at Exeter in 1779. "The Mili-
FOR HOLIDAY GIFTS
"Books with Purpose".
IN OUR NEW CATALOG you will find many
suggestions for timely gifts of permanent
value—such as the regular and pig-
skin editions of
The Meaning of Prayer
By Harry Emerson Fosdick
Leather Cloth, pocket size, 60 cents.
Morocco, gilt edge, pocket size, $1.50.
Pigskin, gilt edge, pocket size, $2.00.
Art
Full
Moffatt's New Translation of the
New Testament
Art leather cloth, pocket size, $1.00. India paper, $1.50.
Pigskin, India paper, pocket size, $3.00.
New Testaments and Bibles
In regular and pigskin editions from $1.25 to $5.50.
AND MANY OTHER inspiring
books that make enduring gifts
BUY FROM YOUR BOOKSTORE OR
FROM US
ASSOCIATION PRESS
124 E. 28th St., New York, N. Y.


608
December 6
THE DIAL

LISHINS
(TEKNILLERS
MOLURG
IMET
DOOKOELLERO
TO
TONERE
tary Glory of Great Britain,” a rare Princeton
College pamphlet, printed in Philadelphia in 1762,
went to E. R. Scott for $80. Mr. Heartman gave
$145 for "A Concise View of the Controversy be-
tween the Proprietors of East and West Jersey,"
by Ebenezer Cowell, Philadelphia, 1785. Pierce &
Scopes paid $70 for the rare first edition of Wil-
liam Smith's "History of the Province of New
York,” London, 1757. The original and only
edition of the "History of Peru," by Diego Fer-
nandez, Seville, 1571, went to Mr. Harper for
$95. Mr. Smith obtained for $65 "The Constitu-
tion of the United States of America and of the
State of Tennessee,” Knoxville, 1799. Mr. Harper
paid $95 for Thomas Thorowood's "Jews in
“I visited with a natural rapture the America,". London, 1600, and $99 for the same
author's "Jews in America,” London, 1660.
largest bookstore in the world."
The collection of Dr. John W. Francis, author
of "Old New York," sold by Scott & O'Shaughnessy
See the chapter on Chicago, page 43, “Your
at 116 Nassau Street, New York, on November
United States,” by Arnold Bennett
21, brought some good prices. A letter of John
It is recognized throughout the country Constitution of the United States and other sub-
Adams, dated London, February 21, 1787, on the
that we earned this reputation because we jects, went to Mr. Wall for $56. The same bidder
have on hand at all times a more complete obtained for $35 a letter by John Quincy Adams
assortment of the books of all publishers than to his brother, dated London, January 25, 1796.
can be found on the shelves of any other book. A letter of Nathaniel Hawthorne, dated December
dealer in the entire United States. It is of Mather,"' and the very cold weather at Lenox,
interest and importance to all bookbuyers to Massachusetts, went to Charles Scribner's Sons for
know that the books reviewed and advertised $23. A letter of James Madison, Montpelier, No-
in this magazine can be procured from us with vember 7, 1831, on the transfer of Louisiana from
the least possible delay. We invite you to France to the United States, was bought by James
F. Drake for $16. Mr. Drake also gave $25 for
visit our store when in Chicago, to avail your- a letter by Franklin Pierce, Washington, February
self of the opportunity of looking over the 9, 1842, on conditions in that city, and $26 for a
books in which you are most interested, or to letter from Theodore Roosevelt to State Senator
call upon us at any time to look after your Thomas F. Grady, July 1, 1911, highly eulogistic
book wants.
of former Governor David B. Hill. P. F. Madi.
gan paid $78 for a war letter, signed but not writ-
ten by General Washington, to Major General
Special Library Service John Sullivan, dated March 12, 1778.
The Walpole Galleries of New York held a sale
We conduct a department devoted entirely W. Drake, art director of the Century Company,
of rare books from the library of the late Alexander
to the interests of Public Libraries, Schools, and other sources, on November 26 and 27. Wil-
Colleges and Universities. Our Library De liam R. Hearst paid $55 for a Confederate flag,
partment has made a careful study of library seized in Memphis by General S. A. Hurlbut in
requirements, and is equipped to handle all 1863. At the time it was on its way to a Louisiana
library orders with accuracy, efficiency and Regiment. The first editions of both series of
despatch. This department's long experience Charles Dickens's “Sketches of Boz” were bought
in this special branch of the book business, on order for $75. The first issue of the first edition
combined with our unsurpassed book stock, of "The Posthumorous Papers of the Pickwick
enable us to offer a library service not excelled Club” was also bought on order for $65. The
elsewhere.
"Memoirs of Joseph Gremaldi, Edited by Boz,"
We solicit correspondence from first issue of the first edition, went to Charles Scrib-
Librarians unacquainted with our facilities. ner's Sons for $25. “Letters to Several Persons of
Honor," London, 1651, the scarce first edition, was
.
"
Retail Store, 218 to 224 South Wabash venue
Its History, Literature and Influence on Civiliza-
tion,” edited by Alfred Bates.
Library Department and Wholesale Offices:
Stan. V. Henkels sold at 1304 Walnut Street,
330 to 352 East Obio Street
Philadelphia, on November 28 the autograph col-
Chicago
lection of Frederick M. Steele of Chicago and
owned by Mrs. Ella P. Steele of Los Angeles.
A. C. McCLURG & CO. bought by R. C. Sands for $27.50. Ina Claire of


1917]
609
THE DIAL
I
Included in it were signers of the Declaration of
Independence, members of the Constitutional Con-
gress, generals and officers in the Revolution,
presidents of the United States and their cabinets,
and justices of the United States Supreme Court.
Among the letters were fine examples of John
Adams and Samuel Adams.
Mr. Henkels sold on November 13, portraits
from the library of Charles F. Gunther. Among
them was one of_Abraham Lincoln, executed in
1865 by Thomas Buchanan Read. Five years ago
Patrick F. Madigan noticed this portrait at
Henkels's auction place. “You can have that for
$30, Madigan," said Henkels. Mr. Madigan
bought it, and hung it in his home, where it re-
mained for several years. He then sold it to Mr.
Gunther for $150.
An interesting sale of autograph letters and his-
torical documents, belonging to John R. Craigie
and Charles F. Gunther of Chicago, took place
recently under the auspices of Stan. V. Henkels
at 1304 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. A humor-
ous letter from John Adams to his nephew, Wil-
liam S. Shaw, dated Monticello, June 16, 1821,
brought $39. A war letter of U. S. Grant, Feb-
ruary 26, 1863, went for $11.50. P. F. Madigan
paid $19 for a letter by William Henry Harrison,
Vincennes, January 15, 1808, to Albert Gallatin.
F every booklover could see our
sets of standard authors in limp
leather bindings, we would sell
very few of the cloth editions. A Alex-
ible leather volume costs but a few
cents more and makes a gift very
choice and precious. One has to see
these books to appreciate them—any
bookseller will be glad to show them
to you. Sold in sets, or singly, $1.75
a volume.
JOSEPH CONRAD
For the first time the complete works
of Conrad in uniform binding is avail-
able for Christmas giving. "The Deep
Sea Edition" in blue limp leather. 20
volumes. Net, $35.00.
RUDYARD KIPLING
"The Pocket Kipling" in 28 volumes,
bound in red limp leather Net, $40.25.
0. HENRY
Complete works in 12 volumes, red
leather. Net, $21.00.
SELMA LAGERLÖF
"The Northland Edition." Nine volumes
in green limp leather. Net, $16.76.
DAVID GRAYSON
Green leather, five volumes, including the
new Grayson book, "Great Possessions.'
Net, $8.75.
Published by
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., Garden City, N.Y.
THE WORKS OF ANTHONY EUWER
The Limeratomy
THE ELLESMERE CHAUCER
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
As a subscriber to The DIAL, I write to ask
you if you can tell me in whose possession the
Ellesmere “Chaucer” now is, and the address of
the owner. Perhaps you may also happen to know
whether the illuminations of the pilgrims in that
MS. have been recently reproduced in any sales
catalogue or descriptive article. I should greatly
appreciate the information.
R. S. LOOMIS.
Urbana, Illinois, November 18, 1917.
The Ellesmere Chaucer was in the Bridgewater
library owned by Lord Ellesmere, which was pur-
chased in London by George D. Smith. This
famous manuscript is now owned by Henry E.
Huntington, whose residence is at Fifth Avenue
and Fifty-Seventh Street, New York. In the
Bridgewater Catalogue, we are informed, there
was printed an illumination from this manuscript.
The catalogue is now in Mr. Huntington's pos-
session. The features of the_library are dealt
with in John Payne Collier's "Early English Lit-
erature in the Bridgewater Library.”—ED.
(ZHOZY Jue
A Dollghtfully Nonsensical Limerick Anatomy
The Limeratomy is the joy book of the year.
In
limericks it not only tells
you of the various parts
of the anatomy, but it
tells you of many of the
human afflictions. There
is everything from the
cold in the head to pigeon
toes; from the Adam's
apple to the appendix. It
is illustrated throughout
by the author. Here is
one of the limericks :
When you've bats in your
belfry that flut,
When your comprenez-
vous rope is cut,
When there's nobody
home
In the top of your dome,
Then your head's not a
head; it's a nut!
Unlform With Abovo

Rhymes of Our Valley
This is Mr. Euwer's most important work and
tells of the joy and struggles of the fruit growers
of the Northwest. It contains rhymes both serious
and amusing. There is a frontispiece by the author.
Price of either above: Limp Leather $2, Cloth $1.
THE LETTERS OF JAMES WHITCOMB RILEY
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
I am preparing for publication in the near future
the letters of James Whitcomb Riley. I shall be
grateful if anyone who has letters from Riley or
knows of their existence will communicate with
me or send the letters to me. All letters will be
carefully returned as soon as they have been copied.
EDMUND H. EITEL,
Care Riley Estate,
November 25, 1917.
Indianapolis.
Christopher Cricket on Cats
Mr. Euwer's most whimsical work, containing
rhymes, prose and the oddest pictures imaginable.
You can read it in thirty minutes, but you won't
forget it in thirty years.
Price 75 cents.
JAMES B. POND, Publisher, New York


610
[December 6
THE DIAL
NOTES AND NEWS
Scandinavian Classics: Volume IX
Anthology of Swedish Lyrics
FROM 1750 TO 1915
Collected and translated
with an Introduction and Notes
BY CHARLES WHARTON STORK
This is a careful and representative selection from
the great Swedish lyrists, Bellman, Wennerberg, Ryd-
berg, Runeberg, Snoilsky, Karlfeldt, Heidenstam,
Fröding, and many others.
Dr. Stork, author of Sea and Bay, and other col-
lections of original poems, appeared last year as
translator with a volume of Fröding “like a fresh
wind out of the Northland" (Pittsburgh Post),
where "the thirsty may drink_liquid lines to his
heart's content." (New York World.)
xxxix + 281 pages.
Price $1.50
Contributors to the present issue:
William Kilborne Stewart has contributed fre-
quently to THE DIAL. He is a member of the
faculty of Dartmouth College.
Wilson Follett, in collaboration with Mrs. Fol-
lett, has published numerous studies of con-
temporary writers. A book of these studies, “Some
Modern Novelists,” is announced for early pub-
lication.
Williams Haynes was until recently associated
with one of the most vigorous of the Little
Theatres. He sends on the present article from
New York.
Edith Franklin Wyatt is well known as novelist,
poet, and critic. Her latest book of verse, “The
Wind in the Corn,” has just been issued by the
Appletons.
a
THE MOSHER BOOKS
1 "At the outset (1891) I wanted to
make only a few beautiful books."
1 I am still making beautiful books,
as my 1917 List will show.
Eyery one of these books exquisitely printed
from hand-set type on genuine hand-made
papers, in distinctively old style bindings.
This new revised catalogue free on request.
THOMAS BIRD MOSHER
PORTLAND, MAINE.
T:
Holiday HE vast scope of our business
enables us to buy certain
Bargains highly favorable discounts-
books in large quantities at
in
So that we can sell them to our
customers at 70 to 85 per cent re-
Holiday ductions from publishers' prices.
There are 250 of them.
Books
And they are all described in our
Bargain Catalogue, which we will
send you free.
THE BAKER & TAYLOR CO.
Wholesale Dealers in the Books of all publishers
354 Fourth Avenue, NEW YORK, At 26th Street
Kipling adherents, and especially Kipling col-
lectors, will be interested in a little book from the
press of E. P. Dutton & Co., entitled “The Less
Familiar Kipling, and Kiplingana," by G. F.
Monkshood.
Remember "The Sky Pilot"-Ralph Connor's?
He as written a war story, “The Major," about
soldiers of the Canadian Northwest. Mr. Connor
is himself a major in the 43rd Cameron High-
landers.
Miss Phyllis Bottome, author of a recently pub-
lished novel, “The Second Fiddle,” has ordered,
among other books, the “Century Cook Book,” she
being about to marry a soldier “fighting in the
British Army."
"Violent tragedy," "startling disclosures" are
promised in a book about “Francis Joseph and His
Court,” compiled by Herbert Vivian from the
memoirs of Count Roger de Resseguier, a son of
Francis Joseph's court chamberlain. The John
Lane Co. announce it.
A book on immortality is announced by the Mac-
millan Co. The authors of “Immortality: An Es-
say on Discovery, Coördinating Scientific, Psychical,
and Biblical Research,” are B. H. Streeter, Arthur
Clutton-Brock, C. W. Emmet, J. A. Hadfield, and
the author of "Pro Christo et Ecclesia.”
An Englishman's American mother-in-law is the
source of trouble and comedy in Mr. William
Caine's “Three's a Crowd” (Houghton Mifflin).
Mr. Caine is himself an Englishman and he has
an American mother-in-law, but the book is dedi-
cated to the “Dearest and Wisest of Little Moth-
ers-in-law, gratefully."
For your friend whose only recreation is reading,
it will be worth while to look over the well-se-
lected, attractively bound, and inexpensive "Mod-
ern Library” which Messrs. Boni and Liveright
are steadily enlarging with the best works of the
writers of whom we all have heard but not had
the opportunity in every case to read.
The Mosher Press has issued some beautifully
bound gift books: Olive Schreiner's “Dreams";
“By Bendemeer's Stream," thirty-two lyrics se-
lected from the work of Thomas Moore; William
Aspenwall Bradley's "Garlands and Wayfarings";
Columbia University Press
(LEMCKE & BUECHNER, Agents)
New Catalogue of Meritorious Books
Now Ready
AMERICAN BOOKS OF ALL PUBLISHERS sent to
any address, here or abroad
DIRECT IMPORTATION FROM ALL ALLIED AND
NEUTRAL COUNTRIES
LEMCKE & BUECHNER (Established 1848)
30-32 W. 27th Street, New York


1917]
611
THE DIAL
GREAT WAR, BALLADS
By Brookes More
Readers of the future (as well as today) will
understand the Great War not only from pe-
rusal ofhistories, but also from Ballads-having
a historical basis-and inspired by the war.
A collection of the most interesting, beauti-
ful and pathetic ballads.-
True to life and full of action.
$1.50 Net
For Sale by Brentano's; The Baker & Taylor Co., New
York; A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago; St.
Louis News Co., and All Book Stores
THRASH-LICK PUBLISHING CO.
Fort Smith, Arkansas, U. S. A.
Francis Thompson
Essays by BENJAMIN FISHER
"A work of real art and merit.”
With portraits and biographical sketches of Francis
Thompson and the Author. 12 mo, cloth, gilt; $1.00 net.
Life Harmonies
Selected poems by BENJAMIN FISHER
Author of Francis Thompson Essays.
"Lyrics and nature poems of purity and power."
12 mo, cloth, gilt; $1.00 net.
FRANKLIN PUBLISHING COMPANY
CANTON, OHIO
Clinton Scollard's "Lyrics from a Library"; and
Thomas S. Jones, Jr.'s “The Voice in the Silence.”
From the George H. Doran Co. comes “The
Green Mirror,” by Hugh Walpole. It is a story
of the revolt of young lives against the social
tyranny imposed by an older order. Mr. Walpole
is thirty-four years of age, a son of the present
Bishop of Edinburgh. He has taught school, served
the newspapers, and now is engaged in war work
in Russia.
Messrs. Harper & Brothers are bringing out
"Grimm's Fairy Tales" in a new edition illus-
trated by Louis Rhead. These old favorites were
first collected from many sources and published by
the two Grimm brothers in 1812 under the title
“Children's and Household Tales.” George
Cruikshank illustrated the first English edition,
published in 1823.
According to a little French paper, published
in a cellar in Montmartre, Samuel Hopkins Adams,
author of "Our Square and the People in It," has
become a firm. The French paper speaks of a
series of articles "publies dans la Tribune par
MM. Samuel, Hopkins et Adams,” and an Ameri-
can friend recently asked Mr. Adams how the
three gentlemen therein contained were.
“The Road of Ambition” (Britton) is the latest
achievement of a girl whose own road of ambition
has been exceptionally straight. Miss Elaine Sterne
had her first story published when she was fifteen-
in “St. Nicholas.” Before she was twenty, she had
won a number of prizes for short stories, one of a
thousand dollars from "Collier's Weekly." She
has written thirty or more plays for the moving-
picture world, and now a novel, which is soon to
be dramatized.
Have you a friend who is proud of his ancestral
home in Philadelphia, or Charleston, or some old
town of Virginia? He will be pleased with one
of those books on the social history of colonial
America, an attractive series, which Lippincotts
are putting out: "Early Philadelphia: Its People
and Customs," by Horace Mather Lippincott;
“The Dwelling Houses of Charleston, South Caro-
lina," by Alice R. and D. E. Huger Smith; and
Mary Newton Stanard's "Colonial Virginia.”
A few sentences from William Maxwell's “If I
Were Twenty-One” (Lippincott) are an earnest
of the value of the whole for a boy who is
say half way through high school, before it is too
late to plan a career: “The biggest truth I have
ever discovered in connection with job-hunting and
job-finding is that the possession of more than
average knowledge or more than average skill con-
stitutes the only force, outside the degrading thing
called 'influence that will lift one above the sordid
and commonplace struggle for jobs by the 'help
wanted' route." “I have observed that the man
with ten per cent 'right' and one hundred per cent
'go ahead' usually gets farther along than the man
with one hundred percent 'right' and ten per
cent 'go ahead.'” This last was the principle, we
are told, that made William Maxwell the vice-
president of one of the largest corporations in the
world.
Sonnets: A First Series
By Mahlon Leonard Fisher
EDWIN MARKHAM: I find in some of these pages the
large dignity and majestic march of some of the
nobler sonnets of the past.
DR. RICHARD BURTON (in The Bellman): ... A poet
of distinction and quality. He has great pictorial
power, and at times a sweep and spaciousness that
remind one of an elder and larger day. He is a poets'
poet, : . : a true aristocrat of verse. If he were
French, he might go into the Academy, as did
Heredia with his sonnets.
LITERARY DIGEST: A distinguished poet.
Holland hand-made paper; Japan vellum binding; each
copy enclosed in a vellum-covered slide case. $1.75 net;
by Insured mall, $1.80. Sold at the office of
The Sonnet (the bi-monthly brochure),
Williamsport in Pennsylvania, First National Bank Bldg.
PUTNAMSOS
ThePutnam
Bookstore
"Books" 2west 45 stopine. N.Y.
Book Buyers
95
who cannot get satisfactory local service, are
urged to establish relations with our bookstore.
We handle every kind of book, wherever
published. Questions about literary matters
answered promptly. We have customers in
nearly every part of the globe. Safe delivery
guaranteed to any address. Our bookselling
experience extends over 80 years.


612
[December 6
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
[The following list, containing 129 titles, includes
books received by The DiAL since its last issue.]
AMERICANA
New Catalogue of 1000 titles, covering a large
variety of subjects-mostly of rare books-in-
cluding THE WEST, INDIANS, REVOLU-
TION, COLONIAL HOUSES and many other
interesting topics. Sent free.
GOODSPEED'S BOOKSHOP
BOSTON, MASS.
Autograph Letters of Famous People
Bought and Sold. -Send lists of what you have.
Walter R. Benjamin, 225 Fifth Ave., New York City
Publisher of THE COLLECTOR: A Magazine for
Autograph Collectors. $1.00. Sample free.
If you want first editions, limited edi.
tions, association books-books of
any kind, in fact, address :
DOWNING, Box 1336, Boston Mass.
A
(ATURAL HISTORY, AMERICANA, OLD
MEDICAL, QUAKERIANA. BOOKS, PAM-
PHLETS, PRINTS, AUTOGRAPHS. Send 4c.
stamps for big Catalogo-naming specialty.
FRANKLIN BOOKSHOP (S. N. Rhoads)
920 Walnut Street
Philadelphia, Pa.
Rare
For the Book Lover Hons. Books now out
C. Gerhardt, 25 W. 420 St., New York logue sent on request.
of print. Latest Cata-
AUTOGRAPH LETTERS
FIRST EDITIONS;
OUT OF PRINT BOOKS
BOUGHT AND SOLD
CORRESPONDENCE INVITED
CATALOGUBS ISSUED
ERNEST DRESSEL NORTH
4 East Thirty-Ninth Stroot, New York City
OUR FALL and HOLIDAY
CATALOGUE OF
BOOK BARGAINS
And books suitable as gifts is now
ready and you cannot afford to miss
it-send your address and a copy
will be mailed to you free.
LAURIAT CO. BOSTON, MASS.
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Recollections. By John, Viscount Morley. Two
volumes. 8vo, 388-382 pages. The Macmillan
Co. Per set $7.50.
Life and Letters of Robert Collyer. By John
Haynes Holmes. Two volumes. Illustrated,
12mo, 312-401 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. Boxed.
$5.
The Life and Art of William Merritt Chane. By
Katharine Metcall Roof. Illustrated, 8vo, 352
pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $4.
Adventures and Letters of Richard Harding Davis.
Edited by Charles Belmont Davis. Illustrated,
8vo, 417 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.50.
John Keats. By Sidney Colvin, Illustrated, 8vo,
598 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $4.50.
The Middle Year.. By Henry James. 12mo, 119
pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25.
The Life and Work of John Richardson Hling-
worth. Edited by his wife. Illustrated, 8vo,
346 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $4,
Madame Adam. By Winifred Stephens. Illustrated,
8vo, 255 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $4,
POETRY.
Lastra. By Ezra Pound. 12mo, 202 pages. Alfred
A. Knopf. $1.50.
Others. Edited by Alfred Kreymborg. 12mo, 120
pages. Alfred A. Knopf. $1.25.
Anthology of Swedish Lyrics, 1750-1915. Trans-
lated by Charles Wharton Stork, 12mo, 281
pages. The American-Scandinavian Foundation.
$1.50.
Pan Tadeurs. By Adam Mickiewicz. Translated
by Prof. G. Ř. Noyes. 8vo, 354 pages. E. P.
Dutton & Co. $2.25
The Standard Book of Jewish Verne. Compiled and
edited by Joseph Friedlander. 12mo, 820 pages.
Dodd, Mead & Co. $3.
The Red Flower. By Henry van Dyke, 12mo, 52
pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. 50 cts.
A Lap Full of Seed. By Max Plowman. 12mo,
78 pages. B. H. Blackwell, London, 38. 6d.
Black and White Magic. By E. H. W. M. and wil-
frid Blair. 12mo, 88 pages. Longmans, Green
& Co. $1.25.
The Glory of Toil. By Edna Dean Proctor. 12mo,
68 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
Terne Verne, By Walt Mason. 12mo, 176 pages. A.
C. McClurg & Co. $1.30.
Poems and Translations. By J. M. Synge. 12mo,
50 pages. John W. Luce & Co. $1.
Nort' Shor' Verses. By Richard D. Ware. 12mo,
64 pages. John W. Luce & Co. $1,
Verses of Idle Hours. By O. Chester Brodhay.
12mo, 141 pages. Frederick C. Browne. Chicago.
$1.
With the Colors. By Everard Jack Appleton. 12mo,
104 pages. Stewart & Kidd Co. $1.
DRAMA AND THE STAGE.
The Art Theatre. By Sheldon Cheney. Illustrated,
12mo, 249 pages. Alfred A. Knopf. $1.50.
Hadda Padda. By Godmundur Kamban. 12mo, 80
pages. Alfred A. Knopf. $1.
Three Short Plays. By Granville Barker. 12mo,
86 pages. Little, Brown & Co. $1.
ESSAYS AND GENERAL LITERATURE.
Twentieth Century France. By M. Betham Ed-
wards. Illustrated, 8vo, 221 pages. E. P. Dut-
ton & Co. $4.
The Less Familiar Kipling and Kiplingana. By
G. F. Monkshood. 12mo, 168 pages. E. P. Dut-
ton & Co. $2.
Days Oat and Other Papers. By Elizabeth Wood-
bridge. 12mo, 212 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
$1.25.
George Eliot and Thomas Hardy. By Lina Wright
Berle. 12mo, 174 pages. Mitchell Kennerley.
$1.50.
A Modern Purgatory. By Carlo de Fornaro, 12mo,
178 pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $1.25.
385 Street


1917]
613
THE DIAL
F. M. HOLLY Aathors' and Publishers'
Reprosontado
156 Fifth Avenue, New York (Inablished 1905)
Ung AND YOLL APORLATION VILL BJ SET ON LEQUEST
THE NEW YORK BUREAU OF REVISION
Thirty-seventh Year. LETTERS OF CRITICISM, EXPERT
REVISION OF M88. Advice as to publication. Address
DR. TITUS M. COAN, 424 W. 119th St., Now York City
BOOKS, AUTOGRAPHS, PRINTS. Catalogues Free.
R. ATKINSON, 07 Sunderland Road, Forest Hill, LONDON, ENG.
ANNA PARMLY PARET
191 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK
Alter many years of editorial experience with Harper & Brothers,
Min Paret offers to criticise and reviae manuscripto for writen.
Feco reasonable. Termas sent on application.
"From Bull Run to Appomattox-A Boy's View"
Luther W. Hopkins, Author and Publisher, Baltimore, Md.
Third Edition. $1.35, incl. postage. Special Rates to Schools
and Libraries. A Soldier's reminiscence of his experience
in the Confederate Cavalry under Gen'i J. E. B. Stuart.
Endorsed by the American Library Association.
“It is vivid and interesting. Its value is indisputable."
The late Chas. Francis Adams, of Boston.
"I wish every boy of the South could read it.
Chas. W. Hubner, of Carnegie Library Staff, Atlanta, Ga.
FICTION
The Gambler, and Other Stories. By Fyodor Dos-
toevsky. Translated by Constance Garnett.
12mo, 312 pages. The Macmillan Co. $1.50.
Michael Brother of Jerry. By Jack London. With
frontispiece, 12mo, 344 pages. The Macmillan
Co. $1.50.
Gulliver's Travels. By Jonathan Swift. Edited by
Padraic Colum. Illustrated, 12mo, 296 pages.
The Macmillan Co. $2.
Mottke the Vagabond. By Sholom Ash. Trans-
lated by Isaac Goldberg. 12mo, 349 pages. John
W. Luce & Co. $1.50.
Seth Way. By Caroline Dale Owen. Illustrated,
12mo, 413 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.50.
The Major. By Ralph Connor. Illustrated, 12mo,
383 pages. George H. Doran Co, $1.40.
The Mystery of the Hasty Arrow. By Anna Kath-
arine Green. Illustrated, 12mo, 432 pages. Dodd,
Mead & Co. $1.50.
At the sign of the oldest House. By Juliet Wilbor
Tompkins. Illustrated, 12mo, 218 pages. Bobbs-
Merrill Co. $1.50.
The Next of Kin. By Nellie L. McClung. 12mo,
257 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25.
Beating 'Em to It. By Chester Cornish. Illustrated,
12mo, 120 pages. Alfred A. Knopf. $1.
The Unpublishable Memoirs. By A. S. W. Rosen-
bach. With frontispiece, 12mo, 160 pages.
Mitchell Kennerley. $1.50.
WAR.
Fighting for Peace. By Henry van Dyke. 12mo,
247 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25.
The soul of the Russian Revolution, By Moissaye
J. Olgin. Illustrated, 8vo, 423 pages. Henry
Holt & Co. $2.50.
Les Douleurs Qui Esperent. By Abbe Felix Klein.
12mo, 236 pages. Perrin & Co. Paris. 3 fr. 50.
Germany's Annexation Aims. By S. Grumbach.
Translated by J. Ellis Barker. 12mo, 149 pages.
E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50.
On Two Fronts. By Major H. M. Alexander. With
frontispiece, 12mo, 248 pages. E. P. Dutton &
Co. $1.50.
The Wonder of War in the Air. By Francis Rolt-
Wheeler. Illustrated. 12mo, 347 pages. Loth-
rop, Lee & Shepard Co. $1,35.
More Letters from Billy. 12mo, 121 pages. George
H. Doran Co. $1.
Patriotism. By Sir Charles Waldstein. 12mo, 135
pages. Longmans, Green & Co. $1,
The Book of the Machine Gun. By Major F. V.
Longstaff and A. Hilliard Atteridge. Illus-
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615
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616
[December 6, 1917
THE DIAL
Christmas Cheer for Camp
and Fireside
THE WAR AND THE
BAGDAD RAILWAY
By MORRIS JASTROW, Jr.,
Ph.D., LL.D.
President Wilson in his recent address
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the heart of the matter."
HOW TO LIVE AT THE FRONT
This book
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By HECTOR MacQUARRIE, B.A., Cantab. Second Lieut., Royal Field
Asia Minor and their relation to the
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present conflict. Every student of the “A masterpiece."-New York Sun.
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With map and 14 illustrations. $1.50 net. mind and open heart and an honesty and fervor that represents the finest
kind of message that anyone from over there who has been in it, can
RELIGIONS OF THE bring. And the young soldier will like the information, the manli.
ness, and the brotherliness that inspire these pages and make the volume
PAST AND PRESENT a true vade mecum in these days of trial and tribulation."- Philadelphia
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Edited by Dr. J. A. MONTGOMERY.
Univ. of Pennsylvania
IF I WERE TWENTY-ONE
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A FORTNIGHTLY JOURNAL OF
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618
[December 20
THE DIAL
What the recent United States Ambassador to
Austria says: "The Yale Review seems such a
perfect publication that I wish you to enter my
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Frederic C. Penfield.
The Great War Number of
THE
YALE
REVIEW
Edited by WILBUR CROSS
Lvxl BT
veRITAS
THERE IS NO BETTER EXPRESSION OF
CHRISTMAS SENTIMENT THAN
A GOOD BOOK
Japan the New World Power
Being a detailed_account of the progress and rise
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present war and questions arising therefrom.
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Net, $2.50
"To those interested in things industrial, commer-
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The Provocation of France
Fifty years of German aggression, by JEAN CHARLE-
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The Mechanism of Exchange
A handbook of currency, banking and trade in
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The Idea of God
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To the Russian Soldier
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The Expansion of
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THE DIAL
VOLUME LXIII
No. 756
DecemBER 20, 1917
CONTENTS
.
.
.
.
.
.
RODIN
Richard Offner
623
IDEALISM IN THE New French THE-
ATRE.
Amy Wellington .625
The STRUCTURE OF LASTING PEACE H. M. Kallen.
. 627
To ONE IN THE TRENCHES Verse. Rose Henderson . 630
LITERARY AFFAIRS IN LONDON
Edward Shanks
631
CHINA, PROVENCE, AND POINTS ADJA-
CENT.
Louis Untermeyer
. 633
A FREUDIAN HALF-HOLIDAY
Edward Sapir .
· 635
The POLYGLOT EMPIRE
Frederic Austin Ogg. 637
GREEK VASES
Helen Gardner
. 639
ANOTHER "APOLOGIA"
Vida D. Scudder . 640
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Randolph Bourne 642
PSYCHOLOGY IN A VACUUM
B. I. Kinne.
. 643
BRIEFS OF New BOOKS
644
Arizona the Wonderland.-Politics and Personalities.—Days of Destiny.--Letters
About Shelley.—The Pacific Ocean in History.—The Cambridge History of Amer-
ican Literature.
NOTES ON NEW FICTION
647
Story of a Country Town.—The Broken Gate.—The Youth Plupy.—The Love
Letters of St. John.—The Inner Door.
CASUAL COMMENT
648
Notes FOR BIBLIOPHILES
John E. Robinson
649
NOTES AND News
652
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
654
LIST OF SHOPS WHERE THE DIAL IS ON SALE
.655
.
.
.
GEORGE BERNARD DONLIN, Editor
Contributing Editors
CONRAD AIKEN
VAN WYCK BROOKS
H. M. KALLEN
RANDOLPH BOURNE
PADRAIC COLUM
ЈонN MACY
WILLIAM ASPENWALL BRADLEY
HENRY B. FULLER
JOHN E. ROBINSON
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a year. Yearly subscription $3.00 in advance, in the United States, Canada and Mexico. For-
eign subscriptions $3.50 per year.
Entered as Second-class matter Oct. 8, 1892, at the Post Office at Chicago, under the Act of
March 3, 1879. Copyright, 1917, by THE DIAL Publishing Company, Inc.
Published by THE DIAL Publishing Company, Martyn Johnson, President; Willard C. Kitchel,
Secretary-Treasurer, at 608 South Dearborn Street, Chicago.


622
[December 20, 1917
THE DIAL
“The Harvest of a Quiet Eye”
S
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THE DIAL
4 Fortnightly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
Rodin
To the Frenchman of to-day Rodin has fluid and abundant, and overflowed the
already become a legend. He was one of bronze and the marble. That is why it
the artists of the last century the greater drifted into studio-talk, and through his
part of whose life was a protest against acolytes into books.
acolytes into books. The appeal of his
the stubborn conventionalism of his time. sculpture is largely in this "overflow,” in
Culture had become manifold and con- the immaterial extensions of the visible
fused and every artist of originality had object, in its inextricably poetic content,
to interpret himself through commentaries and in those evasive characters which the
written round his work, or to approve him- medium evades but which lurk in the
self through friends, to a public whose con- shadow, in the line, and in the delicately
cern was with the conservation of tradi- modulated surfaces.
tion in the midst of swift-dissolving For Rodin, as for all serious art, sculp-
changes. The artist's success depended ture began with the human form, and with
upon his eloquence as an apologist, and the nude as its essential and most signifi-
Rodin was the type of artist-rhetorician cant manifestation. But the nude held
whose words were set down by his disciples for him also certain adventitious and con-
with the glowing ardor of a Gospel. The ventional “over-meanings” which tended
patient and somewhat pathetic protest of towards an ecstatic eroticism. He brought
his genuine gifts against the Institute and it within poignant range of our æsthetic
the Academies threw the glamour of vic- sensibilities by a kind of refined natural-
torious martyrdom over him, and the ami- ism. In fact, he got to know the model
able and rude distinctions of his person-
ality afforded much swinging of censers to
so intimately that he came at last to regard
his work as a continuation of outer appear-
unemployed and adventurous enthusiasms.
Titian had his Dolce, Michelangelo his
ance as it passed through his mind and
Condivi and Vasari, but Rodin had his
out of it.
Mirbeaux, his Mauclairs, his Brownells,
But it was necessary to be naturalistic
his Kahns, his Cladels, and a galaxy of in order to make the nude as ductile and
other devotees whose books are monu-
variable in its expression as feeling itself.
ments to indiscriminate and sometimes He threw himself upon it and tormented
heroic championship. They are, with few it into cowering servility. It became a
a
exceptions, of no critical value whatever, medium for the expression of the soul in
and concern themselves largely with ecstatic stillness in the dreaming Caryatid
biographical details and conversational of the Luxembourg, and of the soul
expansions (which occurred with odd fre- in ecstatic passion in the female figure
quency) of the master on artistic matters. of "L'Invocation," whose outcry almost
But the knowledge of an artist's life or rends the spotless marble. The rest of his
his views, as of his wardrobe, is utterly work groups itself about one or the other
impertinent to the rendering of fair judg- of these two works. He passed in the
ment about his work. The only thing that course of his development from what is
can really matter about him is not what organic and fundamental in form towards
he thinks, still less what he says about his increased suggestion. Had he continued
art,-but only what he achieves within the on the path he struck in the marvelous
possibilities and the despotic limitations of cadence and firm structure of “L'Homme
his material.
qui marche," and in the movement of the
But Rodin's thought was irrepressibly strained waking body of “L'Age d'airain,"


624
[December 20
THE DIAL
see
he would have been the greatest sculptor form as instrument of expression, he
,
since Michelangelo.
added the superficial qualities of texture
But he abandoned the organic male and temperature. The figure ceases to be
structure for the artistically less significant a plastic abstraction and becomes vital.
female figure, because of its richness of The material, now turned to flesh, is quick,
sensuous and sensual suggestion. The fiery, and vibrant, and so exquisitely sen-
controlling passion seems to be greater sitive are the surfaces that they would
fluidity at all costs. He came to luxuriate seem smoothed and modulated for percep-
in intricate groups of interfluent figures. tions much finer than our own.
These
We
them extravagantly tumbled sensuous refinements, proper rather to
together, rolling, writhing doubled upon painting than to sculpture, while commu-
each other, or in the free boundless move- nicating a direct element of life to the
ment of flight.
stone, bring with them an elaborate sys-
To secure emotional expression Rodin tem of color and chiaroscuro. In places
availed himself of every kind of move- the material has been left unwrought to
ment both of muscle and structure, of body extend (especially in marble) the range of
and feature. Yet movement was with him textural contrasts immeasurably and to
predominantly symbolic; not concerted or carry the effect of color values as far as
controlled, but pushed out from within possible. Here the purely sensuous effects
without rational intervention. Symbolism of touch-of which I spoke-fuse with the
—
was a habit of mind with Rodin, and he is immaterial play of caressing light and
full of yet another kind—profounder and shade and the sense of the medium sinks
more deliberate—the symbolism of form definitely in a manifold of adventitious and
growing out of the stubborn stone, and delightful refinements.
regarded perhaps in its ultimate sugges- The peculiar æsthetic of Rodin's over-
tion as the type and culmination of cosmic refined and overestimated work derives
evolution, part of that dumb process that from secondary qualities of art, not from
pushes all living things up towards the monumentality but from daintiness, not
earth's surface.
from organic movement but from mobil-
As his ideas develop his groups become ity, not from sense-filling mass but from
richer in arrangement. But the effect of sensibility. Its ideal is not, as in the great
bodily action is relieved by abstract move- arts of the past, perfect coherence; it
ment. The planes flow over modulated embodies rather the cult of the exquisite.
surfaces from light to shadow attended by Nor is the substance of his work, however
the flight of line, and our imagination winning it may be, profound and exalted.
gathering impetus at every moment flows At its centre lies the overpowering mys-
and flies with them. And while planetery of sex, and his frail, ecstatic figures
and line sweep our vision into the depth of of youth are a sort of efflorescence of the
a group, they tempt us to walk round it
. sexual principle. The motif is traceable,
.
Rodin by inducing the spectator to do this whatever the professed subject, to a capri-
definitely extended the effect of sculpture; cious and poetic eroticism which gently
for though sculpture had been plurifacial agonizes the instincts with fruitless yearn-
ever since the Greeks, never before had it ings. Yet Rodin's deficiencies are French
,
been approachable from so many different and traditional. Though we find in his
points. Each one reveals a fresh view
work none of the architectural qualities of
and each view flows into another, like the
the greatest sculpture—the upward thrust
progressive stages of a symphony. The
of life within the downward thrust of mat-
effect is orchestral, and like music, Rodin's
art is essentially evocative, not topical, and
ter; though he attenuated his superficial ef-
fects to a point of immaterial refinement;
works upon us through its moods rather
than through its subject.
its subject. The form
The form though his theme is not conventionally
was thus far become an infinitely subtle noble, now and again his creations carry
medium, capable of response to all nuances
us out of the fever into a world of pure
of feeling and of emotion. But to the beauty.
RICHARD OFFNER.


1917]
625
THE DIAL
Idealism in the New French
French Theatre
Several years ago the present writer, in Copeau was its editor-in-chief. Among
revolt against our commercial theatre, its the contributors were such widely differ-
degradation of the drama and the art of ent and intensely modern writers as Emil
the actor, printed, by way of protest, a Verhaeren, Paul Claudel, André Gide,
,
little analogy. Suppose, the question was and the Comtesse de Noailles. The pre-
put, that a symphony orchestra were sub- siding genius of the editorial sanctum was
jected to the same disintegrating forces Dostoevsky. A passion for beauty and
as the theatrical company of to-day, that justice in expression, sincerity and courage
the first violin were a "star," with all the in ideas animated the young writers of the
other members of the orchestra (includ- staff
. They exalted the work of Charles-
ing the conductor) subordinated, not even Louis Philippe. As editors and publish-
to his instrument, but to the exploitation of ers, they were radical and constructive.
his or her-fascinating personality. Or And finally, in 1913, they founded the
—
suppose that the orchestra, in the interests Théâtre du Vieux Colombier.
of commerce, were obliged to play, all The inspiration for the little theatre,
over the country, a single composition however, was not of such recent date. It
(and that an inferior one) throughout an was the outcome of many years of critical
entire season. What, then, would become study and discussion. Jacques Copeau
of the orchestra, the individual players, was a fighting dramatic critic long before
and-music? Reversing the analogy, sup- he became an actor and manager. The
pose
that
a company of actors were unified, Vieux-Colombier was founded, as one of
like an orchestra, with each dramatic its supporters has said, with something
instrument subordinate to the whole, and better than a new-born enthusiasm, "with
under the leadership of a powerful, sincere the firm conviction of its artistic necessity
directing intelligence, playing the master- and the knowledge, or prevision, of every
works of drama precisely as the symphony difficulty to be encountered.”. It did not
orchestra performs the music of the world. undertake to revolutionize either society
What, then, would be the result? It is this or the drama, and it did not profess to
question which Jacques Copeau and the know anything about the "drama of the
company of players from the Théâtre du future." Its passionate concern was with
Vieux Colombier, of Paris, have estab- the present. The theatre, said M. Copeau,
lished themselves in New York to answer; must be "renovated" from the founda-
for above all other radical dramatic re- tion
up.
The Vieux-Colombier
formers, they have taken such an organi- announced, then, simply as an experiment
zation as their ideal. Their special in “dramatic renovation.”
mission to this country is to present French The little group of artists encountered
drama, classic, romantic, and modern; but all the usual discouragements of innova-
their original intention, before the war, tors, skepticism, remonstrances, and gen-
had no nationalistic limitations. It was eral lack of confidence. But they were
to present drama, native and foreign, strong in their indignant revolt against
ancient and modern, in the service of art. the commercial desecration of the great
The Théâtre du Vieux Colombier takes social art of the theatre and in their com-
its interesting name from the old street in pelling purpose not merely to arraign and
the Latin Quarter on which it was located condemn, but to start a theatre in oppo-
-“the street of the old pigeon-house." sition.
The little theatre was not an isolated M. Copeau has accused the commercial
undertaking, but an outgrowth from the theatre of alienating, in its dishonesty and
most remarkable literary movement in viciousness, not only the intelligent and
France during the decade before the war, cultivated public, but the highest dramatic
a movement which culminated in “La talent of author and actor, which has
Nouvelle Revue Française." Jacques found refuge in other professions to the
was


626
[December 20
THE DIAL
to
incalculable loss of the drama. And the Molière, the Spirit of Comedy of all ages
talent which remains, he contends, has rendering homage to the French comic
been hurt and deformed. He found it genius. But what most excited and held
necessary to "renormalize” the actors who the attention was the intense, highly
came to him from the ranks of "profes- pitched, and original performance of "Les
sionals.” During one summer—the sum- Fourberies de Scapin.”
mer of 1913—they all worked together In the production of the classics, the
in the country, professionals and non-pro- Vieux-Colombier aims be neither
fessionals, their only theatre a barn, far “traditional" (which is another name for
from the artificialities of the Paris stage, laziness, according to M. Copeau) nor
studying without haste and without weari- presumptuously original. It desires only
ness, in the revealing light of day, the the originality which comes from a pro-
inner realities of the drama. Slowly, the found knowledge and interpretation of
professional actors freed themselves from the text. "Nous nous efforcerons de nous
their “deformities" and the "stiff joints remettre en état de sensibilité." Little im-
of specialization, and became supple and portance is given to stage decoration and
‘responsive again—true dramatic instru- accessories. M. Copeau does not quite
ments, like the talented young people and agree with Paul Claudel that the theatre
children whom M. Copeau likes to study should be only a few boards thrown
and to teach.
across two trestles, but he denies the im-
In a single season of three hundred per- portance of all “machinerie.” Molière,
formances the Théâtre du Vieux Colom- particularly, is played without decoration
bier passed far beyond the stage of
or atmosphere and in a reduced space.
experimentation and became a vitally The action of the comedies is lost, M.
important part of the cultural life of Copeau maintains, on the large modern
Paris. The public, to whom the commer-
stage. Molière designed the action with
cial theatre was distasteful, rallied to its
elaborate care, to fit the requirements of
support.
For the Vieux-Colombier had
a very small platform. To produce him
arrived just in time, as André Gide pointed ize the scene, is to divorce text and action,
in any other way, to enlarge or modern-
out, to reconcile that public with the stage.
Then came the war, and for a time the
and spoil Molière.
M. Copeau has modeled his stage for
Théâtre du Vieux Colombier appeared to
the production and not for the destruction
be completely destroyed. The men of the
of Molière. The principal action takes
company were either mobilized or volun-
teered for the army. The doors of the place on a small cubic platform in the
centre of the main stage, with steps on
little theatre were closed. But the dra-
four sides. There is an apron, or fore-
matic genius of its founder could not be
stage, which is frequently used; and diag-
crushed, and a year later M. Copeau be- onal side-walls, next the proscenium, to
gan his work of reorganization. Following the right and the left, contain doors with
a preliminary visit to this country last steps. A great variety of entrances, exits,
spring, he has succeeded in transporting and groupings is thus made possible, and
the entire company to New York, where extraordinarily close, rapid action.
the Théâtre du Vieux Colombier now Jacques Copeau and his company are a
stands, near by, but a little aside from, the true orchestra of dramatic instruments,
theatrical market-place, a rebuke and an playing with astonishing spontaneity and
inspiration.
rhythm. They do not make Molière "real-
The theatre opened its doors with a istic." Yet they are very natural. By a
performance of Molière's "Les Fourbe- joyous kind of dramatic exaggeration,
ries de Scapin.” The comedy was pre- they attain what a French critic has
ceded by a prologue, “L’Impromptu du
termed "lyrisme du naturel.” They reveal
Vieux-Colombier" (in the manner of Molière not only as a great comić writer
I'Impromptu de Versailles), and followed but as an “artiste de la scène."
by the ceremony of crowning a bust of
AMY WELLINGTON.
-
-


1917]
627
THE DIAL
STATE SYSTEM
۱
The Structure of Lasting Peace religion, citizenship are hyphenations
created in the process of history. Men
IV
are born Irish or Jew or Chinese, and
their association with men similarly born
NATIONALITY, CITIZENSHIP, AND THE EUROPEAN
is involuntary and spontaneous. Men be-
come farmers or carpenters or physicians,
When, a year or two ago, President
Christians or Mohammedans or Judaists
Wilson uttered his historic reproach of the
or Buddhists, citizens of Russia or France
"hyphenated American,” he brought for
or America, and their association with men
an instant into the foreground of public similarly preoccupied is voluntary and
opinion a little-considered quality of the
directive, governed by considerations of
existence of men which is basic to the
advantage and the forces of circumstance.
solution of all problems of their relation. These associations men pass into and out of
ships. Hyphenation is not political merely, at need, or pleasure, or both. The others
it pervades the whole of life, increasing they cannot but remain in until they die.
proportionately as civilization advances.
It is for the sake of those others, indeed,
Fundamentally it designates union and
that vocation and religion and the state
correlation, not separation, nor division.
arose; to liberate their powers and to
Every man is a hyphenate. Every man elaborate the idiom of their existence.
is the centre of an aggregate of relation-
Much of the trouble of civilized society
ships, which are normally coöperative and derives from the fact that these artificial
frequently conflicting. Every man's life
associations have overturned what they
is a constant compromise and choosing should have sustained, that they have
between alternatives so incompatible that changed from tools of living into
all may not be completely satisfied at the of life, that they have become idols.
purposes
,
same time.
No man is, or can be, ex-
This is to-day even truer of economic
clusively one thing and no other: son
and husband, industrial baron and Chris-
and political associations than it was in
the Middle Ages of the religious associa-
tian, trust magnate and patriot, German
and American, pacifist and munitions-
tion they have replaced. Capital and the
State are the idols of modernity, and the
maker, breadwinner and conscript, church
two are, we have seen, so inter-
member and citizen—a man may normally penetrated that the worship of the one
-a
be all these at the same time and suddenly implies the worship of the other, even in
find himself confronted with the ineluctable
democratically constituted states. I do
necessity of choosing between one and
another. Each implies reciprocal rights order is at the foundation of civilized
not mean by this to deny that the economic
and duties, each makes insistent and clam-
orous claims. Which shall be granted, the always obvious and always ignored
society. I mean merely to assert again
,
fear, imitation, standards of class and rank truism that the economic order presupposes
determine far more than intelligence. Yet
a community not economic which it serves,
at no point than in such choices is intelli- inconceivably beyond the effective gratifi-
and that modernity's elaboration of it
gence more needful or significant.
What is important about the hyphena. indeed inimical, to the free life of man-
cation of human needs is unnecessary, and
tion of mankind is the classes into which
it divides. Men are hyphenated by nature
kind. In so far as this civil war which
and by art. The relationships involved in
German dynastic interest has thrust upon
the former are congenital and inalienable, the world seeks justification from the
internal
to
man's character and equating of economic advantage and polit-
coincident with his existence. The relation- ical sovereignty with nationality, it seeks
ships involved in the latter are acquired justification from a lie. In fact, the whole
or assured; external to a man's character modern system of economic rivalries, sup-
and existence, alienable, and not indis- posedly inevitable under the "law of
,
pensable. Nationality is a hyphenation diminishing returns,” is due to the mis-
belonging to the nature of things; vocation, appropriation of economic endeavor to
as
a


628
[December 20
THE DIAL
sion.
dynastic and capitalistic uses, to the mili- achieved by the more democratic Peoples
tarist requirement of a “self-sufficient” or the more democratic times, or both-
state. Just and free conditions of economic fifth century Athens, Augustan Rome, the
endeavor break this law. As Simon Patten city-states of Italy and Flanders, England
has shown, variation of uses and extension from the eighteenth century on, France
of consumability not only keep returns at in the nineteenth century, Germany from
par or increase them; they also multiply the birth to the death of Goethe. For
the "division of labor" and so generate democracy, more basically than anything
coöperative interdependence. The com- else, is hyphenation. Since the one and
petitive politico-economic system, with its only thing democracy can mean is the sym-
tariffs and other dishonesties, rests upon pathetic understanding of the other fellow,
sameness of economic enterprise; the with his different origin, nature, back-
greater the differentiation, the less the ground, and outlook, and the free and
rivalry.
coöperative recognition of his right to be
The unnecessary existence of rivalry is and to thrive. Democracy, like human-
a perversion of function in state and indus- ism, is the mind's reverence of, and the
try. These, it must be remembered, are heart's sympathy for, individuality, and
tools, not ends. To use them democrati- individuality never occurs
except in
cally is to use them in behalf of the free nationalate form. Men are always Eng-
ing and enhancement of inward and lishmen, or Chinamen, or Frenchmen, or
spontaneous differences, not their repres- Germans, and so on; they are never merely
The most we can mean by law and men. Nationalities are the roots, and
justice and equality of opportunity is such national cultures the fruits, of trees of
an arrangement of the material upon which human life whose soils are the economic
human life nourishes itself as will permit and political systems that feed or starve
and extend the freest development, expres-
them. These systems are not inherent
sion, and interplay of human individuali- parts of the nature of nationalities; they
ties. Upon those and upon those alone can be and are artificially altered without
are the essences of civilization and culture hurt to men. Nationalities can not be.
grounded and grown.
And in those, What I am trying to say is this: the
nationalities interpenetrate and support politico-economic establishments are need-
each other. National genius requires an ful guarantees and conditions of national-
international soil and sustenance: the ity, but not its constituents. Democratic
music, literature, painting, sculpture, and progress in such establishments would pro-
philosophies of peoples, their religions, vide for nationality the same fortunę as is
and even their preëminent sciences are the religion's. In the record of civilization
most precious, the most excellent, the best religion is the first free manifestation of
known, and most honored, and yet the nationality. The cities and states of antiq-
most intimate and national of their achieve- uity are distinguished primarily by their
ments, and their substance and source are cults and their patron divinities, and the
the most wide-ranging and diversified. divinities have a direct or indirect ances-
For these, things of the spirit, protection tral connection with their worshippers-
is destruction; free-trade, strength. Eng- Athene for Athens, Phæbus for Sparta,
lish Shakespeare is nourished upon the Jehovah for Jerusalem. In the Middle
Italian Renaissance; German Goethe (he Ages, cities and states are distinguished by
avows it vehemently, again and again), their patron-saints—St. George for Eng-
upon English Shakespeare. Each is the land, St. Denis for France: Catholicism
declared national superlative of national- did not mean universality of cult; it meant
ity and each is superlatively hyphenated. a local and national and vocational particu-
The supremacies of the other institutions larism, with a general mythology and
of national culture are similarly inter- theology for background. Religious im-
national. Indeed, culture, of both the perialism, for which Catholicism is a
nation and the individual, is hyphenation. euphemistic synonym, is the attempt to
That is why the highest excellences are compel universal conformity in religious


1917]
629
THE DIAL
SO
matters. The history of that attempt is people with a mission, boasting a state-
the darkest in the whole dark record of religion beside which dissident sects are
mankind—from the torture and slaughter at a disadvantage. Free states, on the con-
of heretics within the church, the exter- trary, have no room for either doctrine.
mination of Lollards and Hussites and They have permitted the sinister connec-
other dissidents, the persecution of Jews, tion of state and church to fall into
the assault upon Mohammedans, to the desuetude, or have violently severed it,
terrible religious wars of the Reformation. or have taken measures to prevent its aris-
Its modern parallel is Germany's treat- ing: Now underneath nationality, as
ment of her victims. The establishment of underneath the religions of antiquity, there
tolerance was the establishment of democ- lies an actual or hypothetical consan-
racy in the sphere of religion, the applica- guinity of the individuals nationally asso-
tion of the principle of "live and let live" ciated, a hereditary inward similarity
to associations whose differentiæ were whose outward manifestation is the com-
varying declarations about the unseen and munity and culture of the associates.
its bearing upon the destiny of man. How Clearly, the connection between political
deep the roots of such associations lie may establishment and nationality is as un-
be gathered from the fact that necessary and monitory as that between
vehement an Americanist as Mr. Roose- state and church. The present civil war is
velt is still a member of the Dutch Re- the price mankind is paying for the
formed Church. In this respect, as in modern error even as it paid for the
many others, this ex-president, quite like mediæval error.
mediæval error. How little necessary tha
other men, is still a hyphenate, and it is, on connection is between nationality and the
the whole, the irrelevance of this form of state the history of nationalism itself/
hyphenation to the actualities of his life shows, no less than the actual organization
that keeps it from creating a momentous of various states-Switzerland with her
option for him. And for all men, in our French and Italians and Germans, Great
Christian civilization, save, perhaps, those Britain with her English and Welsh and
who are Catholics, and owe allegiance to Scotch and Irish, Belgium with her Wal-
the pope. For with Protestantism there loons and Flemings, the United States with
began a secularization of the world which all the nationalities of the world associated
more and more drove the religious con- in the common American citizenship.
cern from the centre to the periphery of Nationality, in a word, is as inde-
human interest. Under the new and pendent of citizenship as religion. A citi-
growing conditions of tolerance and free- zen is associated with his fellows in a
dom sects multiplied, yet no one was the state, for political purposes. These pur-
worse. The secular mood simply changed poses are to guarantee to individuals and
the role of religion back from an idol of to groups, as our Declaration of Inde-
Jife into a tool of living. Its connection pendence asserts, life, liberty, and the
with the state was severed and the power pursuit of happiness. Disentanglement of
by means of which it was compelled to the state from religion has made it the
struggle for existence altered from physi- guarantor of religious freedom. The next
cal force to moral excellence.
step in the liberation of mankind must be
The place left vacant by religion was to detach it completely and everywhere
filled by nationality. Nationality is the from nationality that it may become the
secular aspect of the same self-conscious guarantor of national freedom, enfranchis-
pride of social personality of which ing the inner life of nationalities for crea-
religion is the first utterance. In back- tion and self-expression in the world of
ward and mediæval states the two still culture as it does sects in the realm of
interpenetrate and imply each other; their religion. That this is more and more the
criteria are doctrines of especial considera- case in countries with free and responsible
tion from divinity and a special predesti- institutions need not be argued. But if
nate service to execute on its behalf:
on its behalf: peace is to become lasting, it must be made
Germany, we are instructed, is a chosen everywhere and equally the case.


630
[December 20
THE DIAL
And there's the rub. Even in the ism for equity. Of the “law of nations”
United States, in the very face of the facts this has been particularly true. The sys-
of the daily life, men labor under the super- tem of state sovereignties is answerable
stition of the identity of nationality with for all the forms of imperialism that
citizenship, and the fanatical devotion to derive from nationalistic aggression-
nationality among the Jugo-Slavs, the Irish, Germanification, Magyarization, Otto-
the Poles, the Lithuanians, to say nothing manization, and so on, with all such
of the Germans, is certain, if peace be not programmes imply in the economic and
made on the basis of an absolute divorce political orders. Unless an international
between citizenship and nationality, to is substituted for this national system, the
maintain the war-creating system of inter- world will never be safe for democracy.
national disorganization. Democracy, on To speak of a few cases in Europe alone,
which peace ultimately depends, demands
depends, demands there are Magyar and German minorities
this divorce. Without it, the German con- in Bohemia and in the Austrian territory
ception of the state, particularly effective claimed by Rumania, just as there is a
for wartimes, is bound to prevail. Accord- great Slavic majority in the Hungarian
ing to this conception the state is the be-all dominion; two-thirds of the Macedonia
and end-all of existence, greater than claimed by Serbia is inhabited by men of
society and inclusive of it. Neither Bulgarian nationality; Alsace is largely
individuals nor groups have being or German; a third of Poland is Jewish. A
significance outside the state. They exist by settlement according to "the principle of
its sufferance and live for its service. It
It nationality" which would effect only a
is the Sole Individual, the great Whole, change in hegemony would have Europe
the synthesis and fulfilment of all human at war again in less than a generation.
associations, antedating and superseding Minorities must be safeguarded even as
them, prior in existence and in right. Pre- majorities must be freed if peace is to last,
cisely opposite is the democratic view. and minorities cannot be safeguarded
<Democratic states are pluralistic. For without international guarantees that will
democracy, political association is not
primary, but secondary; not the synthesis nationality. Of course, such guarantees
once and for all divorce citizenship from
of other associations, but one type added
to the others, and maintained only so long would constitute a comprehensive easement
on the European system of state sovereign-
as it effects the special purpose for which
it was created. Its authority, rests upon chinery to make them effective.
ties and would require an elaborate ma-
the "consent of the governed,” is never
absolute, never infallible. There is appeal
H. M. Kallen.
from it, even, as John Locke says, “to
heaven.” He means that the right to rebel
against bad government is inalienable, that To One in the Trenches
the people are the sovereign, and all the
people.
I have dreamed vaguely of a flaming light
When, therefore, states have failed, they Growing somehow within the clash of things;
have done so invariably because the power
I have hoped wanly that the sodden night
of government has been used by and for
Presaged a sunrise and the rush of wings.
Is there such spirit born of raining lead,
a part, against the whole of a people: in
Such bloom of beauty from the shattered dead?
autocracies and oligarchies, by minorities
against majorities; in democracies, by You who have known war's maiming, iron clutch,
majorities against minorities. In this way Have breathed the wind of battle-breasting fire,
the function of government, which is like Is there a chastening vigor in the touch-
that of the traffic police, so to keep the The writhing flesh, the stench of bloody mire?
ways of life open that each traveller may Does there some rapture which pale peace with-
have equal opportunity with his fellows to
stood
journey unhampered to his goal, becomes Cry through the tumult that the earth is good?
perverted and the law substitutes favorit-
Rose HENDERSON.


1917]
631
THE DIAL
Literary Affairs in London tone of his poetry conveys the impression that he
felt that the gift for it had come to him too
(Special Correspondence of The DIAL.) late. The poems deal throughout with the
When I said in my last letter that I would things which, as I suppose, made life endurable
return to Edward Thomas on the publication of
to him; but they alternate between the feeling
his poems, I did not know that the book was
that the loveliness of these things can only
almost ready. It is now out and lies before me
increase his own discontent and the other feeling
as I write. It is a very remarkable collection.
that they are at best only attempts to hide the
We have chastised ourselves enough recently misery of life. It is as though he treated this
with the reflection that we do not recognize our
stubborn and late-won talent with a certain dis-
poets until they are dead; and this thought is dain, holding it less in awe because it had come
especially painful when they have given their after the time to give him pleasure. And in his
lives for us in the war. It is some comfort, there seeming indifference, he handles verse brusquely
fore, to be able to say in the case of Thomas that
and carelessly and so gets out of it, again and
the fault was his, not ours, though there is no
again, effects of rhythm and description novel
doubt that we should have committed the fault
and marvelously penetrating.
if he had given us an opportunity. His poetry
He writes of practically nothing but the
is a phenomenon as singular, in its own way, as
country and he describes the country as it has
that of Mr. A. E. Housman, on whom I have
never been described before. He is not a poet
a word to say later. Thomas wrote no verse
of white, woolly sheep, flowering hawthorn
between quite early life and the middle thirties. hedges, and the orange-colored harvest moon. He
Then, in 1913, he began to pour out a great
prefers to write about faggots of wood, dusty
number of queer, rather fierce, very intense poems,
nettles or mud; and he gets his color-effect out
disconcerting in content and form, and unlike of the opening of a pile of swedes. It is hard to
anything ever written by anyone else. I have
choose out of the sixty odd pieces one or two
been told that the poetry of Mr. Robert Frost
that will exactly show his qualities. Here is one:
gave him his first impulse; and that may be so,
There they stand, on their ends, the fifty faggots
That once were underwood of hazel and ash
though the impulse never became an influence.
In Jenny Pinks's Copse. Now, by the hedge
However it may be, Thomas continued to write Close packed, they make a thicket fancy alone
Next
Can creep through with the mouse and wren.
verses during the last four years of his life; and
Spring
when he was killed in April on the first day A blackbird or a robin will nest there,
of the battle for the Vimy Ridge, he left a con- Accustomed to them, thinking they will remain
siderable number of pieces behind him. The first
Whatever is for ever to a bird :
This Spring it is too late; the swift has come.
of these (sixteen or so of them) had been pub- 'Twas a hot day for carrying them up:
lished only a few weeks before in an “Annual Better they will never warm me, though they must
of New Poetry" over the signature "Edward
Light several Winters' fires. Before they are done
The war will have ended, many other things
Eastaway"; and the literary public had not Have ended, maybe, that I can no more
bestirred itself sufficiently to take any interest in
Foresee or more control than robin and wren.
them, when suddenly it heard that the author
Here the mind has turned from the contempla-
was Thomas and that he was dead. This volume
tion of an object with a succession of little, queer,
now follows and there is, I am given to under- involuntary thoughts; and the poet has surprised
stand, another yet to come.
each of them and brought each alive into his
I suggested in my last letter that Thomas was
In another poem, which I will quote, he
a disillusioned and somewhat embittered man. captures not the reflection but the moment of
He spent the best of his youth over critical essays seeing, the very moment itself:
and books of literary travel which, though he did
Yes. I remember Adlestrop-
The name, because one afternoon
them as well as he could, that is to say, very
Of heat the express-train drew up there
well indeed, were not meant for permanence and Unwontedly. It was late June.
will not be permanent. His was the minor The steam hissed. Someone cleared his throat.
No one left and no one came
tragedy of a man who, consenting to write for
On the bare platform. What I saw
the market, was kept on the very margin of Was Adlestrop-only the name
popularity by an uncompromising conscience and And willows, willow-herb, and grass,
insisted on putting his best work into books for And meadowsweet, and haycocks dry,
No whit less still and lonely fair
which, in themselves, he cared very little. The
Than the high cloudlets in the sky
verse.


632
[December 20
THE DIAL
was
a
And for that minute a blackbird sang
cide, and execution by hanging. They then went
Close by, and round him, mistier,
Farther and farther, all the birds
to dine in hall and saw a rather small, rather
Of Oxfordshire and Gloucestershire.
round man, with a beaming expression and a
Thomas was not perhaps, probably never
good appetite. They returned in silence to their
would have been, a great poet; but he was a poet
rooms and read again, receiving the same impres-
exquisitely true and exquisitely individual. sion, mitigated only by an occasional suggestion
I have no doubt that Professor A. E. Housman of premature but natural death. They have not
and his one book, "A Shropshire Lad,” are names
solved the mystery yet; nor has anyone else. But
to conjure with in America, at least among a
this sort of thing explains the reputation that
small circle of readers. His admirers there will
Professor Housman enjoys. His poem in the
be able to understand the thrill which certain “Times” was an epitaph on the original British
Englishmen felt when they saw that signature
Expeditionary Force and, though it
under eight lines of verse in the “Times” on the supremely well-turned—the author could no
third anniversary of the climax of the first Battle doubt have turned it as well in Latin-it was
of Ypres. There is no doubt that some of us hardly so good as the weakest thing in the
did feel a thrill. For Professor Housman pub- “Shropshire Lad.” But it caused a thrill in a
lished his one book, which contains sixty-three greater, number of readers than I, fearing to be
poems, twenty-one years ago and, except for one thought foolish, should care to guess at.
or two comic pieces, the unbendings of a classical Two books of that sort which approaches with
scholar, and one poem which had pretty obviously a noise like a train coming through a tunnel are
been rejected from his book, he has maintained a out and are keeping the omniscient reviewers
complete silence ever since. And his book is mightily busy. Lord Morley's “Recollections”
very important in the history of modern English are less stiff and inhuman than I expected they
poetry. It has certain qualities which are entirely would be, but they contain precisely the number
• his own, and which he has not communicated, a of revelations that I anticipated--that is to say,
sort of deep gloom, which is fresh instead of none at all. The book is a monument of the
clammy, as though it were the shade of a very later Victorian age of the agnostic Liberalism
thick wood in early summer, and a sardonic, which died very hard but is now quite dead. Lord
despairing humor, fierce, bitter, and destructive Morley, who shook his head sadly over the
pleasantry at the expense of life. But it has
extravagances of Rousseau, is more at home with
also an extraordinary clearness of technique and G. H. Lewes, Spencer, and Mill; and, while one
economy of phrase, and these qualities have made is under the spell, one almost believes that these
a deep mark on subsequent English verse. The
were great men of the very first order. But
influence of the book has been subtle and sub-
the spell vanishes and the belief with it. Some
terranean, but I think that when we come to see day some impressionistic historian, of a type yet
our epoch in perspective, it will be easily dis-
to be evolved, working from documents and writ-
tinguished. And the latest crop of young war ing with a touch of dry satire, will compose the
poets shows that it is as effective as ever.
perfect history of nineteenth-century England.
But the prestige of the book has undoubtedly
Lord Morley's “Recollections" will be a most
been enhanced by its author's uncanny silence,
useful part of his material.
to explain which many theories have been in-
The other book of this sort is Sir Sidney Col-
vented. It has been deduced most plausibly from
the contempt for life shown in his book that the
vin's new life of Keats, a marvelous production
author simply thought more composition not
which, in five hundred and fifty large, closely
worth his while. But there is a disparity between
printed pages, relates fully everything that is
the poet and his poems which has made deeper
known of the poet and renders any other biog-
the general perplexity. When he first came to
raphy impossible, perhaps forever. Sir Sidney
Cambridge as regius professor of Latin, the
has little new material but he writes with genial-
Dons of Trinity, of which college he had been ity and a very genuine love for his subject. His
made a fellow, got out their copies of the "Shrop- criticism is not enterprising but it is very sound
shire Lad" with that confused noise which passes and very full. His book has, in short, German
for a buzz of excitement in our universities. thoroughness without German absurdity; it is
They read with attention and gathered a general
the sort of book that I should like someone to
impression of seduction, desertion, murder, sui- write about Goethe. And it almost encourages
a


1917]
633
THE DIAL
a
.
the idea that our learned men think English serve with distrust this growing insistence on
poetry a matter of living importance.
the sermonizing feature of his work. The
I made a mistake in an earlier letter for which preacher seems to be in the ascendancy, the Chau-
I must apologize. Mr. W. B. Yeats's new tauquan threatens to dominate the artist. In
volume of poems, which has now been published
"General Booth Enters into Heaven," "The
in Ireland in a limited and expensive edition, is Congo," "The Eagle that is Forgotten," "Sun-
not called "Per Amica Silentia Lunae” (which shine,” “The Leaden Eyed,” there was a strange-
is another book) but "The Wild Swans at ly successful mingling of these two forces; the
Coole.” These poems are very good but very
blend of poetry and pamphleteering became pow-
eerie, and the impression that their author is no erful and persuasive. But in the present volume,
human child, but a changeling, gains ground.
it is somewhat disturbing to witness Lindsay
EDWARD SHANKS.
hitching his clipped Pegasus in front of the meet-
London, November 28, 1917.
ing-house and mounting the worn-out steps to
deliver himself of such orotund banalities as:
Would that the lying rulers of the world
Were brought to block for tyrannies abhorred.
China, Provence, and Points Would that the sword of Cromwell and the Lord,
The sword of Joshua and Gideon,
Adjacent
Hewed hip and thigh the hosts of Midian.
God send that ironside ere tomorrow's sun;
THE CHINESE NIGHTINGALE. By Vachel Lind- Let Gabriel and Michael with him ride.
say. (The Macmillan Co.; $1.25.)
God send the Regicide.
LUSTRA. By Ezra Pound. (Alfred A. Knopf; or the still flatter wordiness of:
$1.50.)
When Bryan speaks, the sky is ours,
It is something of a surprise and a good deal
The wheat, the forests, and the flowers.
of a relief to pick up a volume of poetry these
And who is here to say us nay?
One
Fled are the ancient tyrant powers.
days that does not "interpret" the war.
gets a bit wearied of old rhetoric and ante-bellum When Bryan speaks, then I rejoice.
platitudes refurbished with post-Kipling metres
His is the strange composite voice
Of many million singing souls
and a few martial metaphors. One turns to Who make world-brotherhood their choice!
such a volume as Vachel Lindsay's latest with It is a relief to turn from these, skipping over
anticipation and reads it with something like such matters as the attempt to make jingles
disappointment. For, after a colorful and en- (such as “Niagara") look like war poems, and
ticing opening, we are plunged into two whole
pass to a poem like “The Ghosts of the Buffa-
sections of pedestrian poetry about “Mark Twain loes.” Here Lindsay's native fancy is given
and Joan of Arc," and "Where is the Real free swing; he carries the reader on a midnight
Non-Resistant"; about Kerensky and Jane Ad- scamper with nothing more purposeful than the
dams and Bryan and “our mother Pocahontas” driving power of imagination. Or examine "The
and similarly timely personages. All these may Prairie Battlements." Here again Lindsay is
be imbued with the poetic stuff, but in reducing not trying to prove anything or convince anyone;
them to rhyme, the result is anything but poetry. he is concerned only with trying to snare a glim-
Nor is the verse materially strengthened by Mr. mering and elusive beauty. No village improve-
Lindsay's mental attitude. We see him wavering ment societies will embroider it on their banners;
between a frank horror of all wars and a hesitant no anti-vice crusades will take it up as a slogan;
justification of this particular one. This inse- and yet I like to feel that the real Lindsay is in
curity of intellectual base recalls how anxious these unofficial and merely beautiful poems.
a position Mr. Lindsay maintained in his previ- Witness these lines, a part of "The Broncho
ous volumes; how hazardously he balanced him- That Would Not Be Broken."
self in a devotion to a liberal socialism on one
The grasshoppers cheered. "Keep whirling," they
hand and a strict prohibition on the other. A said.
pagan by intention and a puritan by intuition.
The insolent sparrows called from the shed
"If men will not laugh, make them wish they were
Pulled one way, as a poet, by the imperious de-
dead."
mands of beauty, and another way, as a propa-
But arch were your thoughts, all malice displacing,
gandist, by the moral dictates of the uplift
Though the horse-killers came, with snake-whips
advancing.
crusade, he shows a vacillation, almost pathetic, You bantered and cantered away your last chance.
between a universal compulsion and, to be literal,
And they scourged you, with Hell in their speech
and their faces,
local option. Any admirer of Lindsay will ob-
O broncho that would not be broken of dancing.
a


634
(December 20
THE DIAL
ume.
“Nobody cares for you," rattled the crows,
icumen in." What makes this lust for print
As you dragged the whole reaper, next day, down
the more puzzling is the fact that Mr. Pound
the rows.
The three mules held back, yet you danced on your has not only a critical but a selective gift. In
toes.
fact the latter concentrative quality (as is proved
You pulled like a racer, and kept the mules chasing.
You tangled the harness with bright eyes side-
by the transcriptions of Fenollosa's notes, “Ca-
glancing,
thay”) is his most salient trait. What then will
While the drunk driver bled you-a pole for a even his youngest disciple say to the awkward
lance-
And the giant mules bit at you-keeping their places.
and malformed versions of the eight Heine poems
O broncho that would not be broken of dancing. that read like so many humorless parodies, the
It is easy to turn the entire poem into a piece of paper-motto silliness of such a couplet as:
pretty symbolism. The little colt-broncho is the
THE NEW CAKE OF SOAP
artist or possibly he is beauty or joy; the crows
Lo, how it glistens in the sun
are the inevitable and discouraging critics; the
Like the cheek of a Chesterton.
drunk driver and the mules are the forces that
and "Papyrus," which I quote in its entirety:
PAPYRUS
try to make art a utilitarian affair and break it
Spring.
to harness, and so on and so on. The charm of
Too long.
such a poem, however, is in nothing so intellec-
Gongula.
tual. It is in the homely fantasy, the natural White paper is evidently not so precious as the
extravagance that is so native to Lindsay and publishers would have us believe.
which he communicates so individually. I call This overmastering desire to exhibit every
attention again to the title poem that opens the triviality, to let not one bad joke blush unseen,
volume with its subdued and varying chant; to spoils many a bright page and most of the vol-
the amazing “John Brown," which begins with
Pound chatterson, and his wandering
a childlike catalogue and runs through negro loquacity dulls the edge of a really keen irony.
pomposity to a picturesque and powerful close; (A badly mixed metaphor, no doubt, but one
to "Simon Legree," possibly the richest and direct from the barber's chair.) The patient
raciest piece in the collection, with its fallacious
reader will find and delight in such sharp per-
moral and its rollicking high spirits. It is this formances as “Phasellus Ille," "New York,"
last quality that keeps one from becoming per-
"Arides," "Portrait D’Une Femme," "The So-
turbed by Lindsay's growing churchliness. It is cial Order,” “Salutation,” and “Commission,"
the whimsical buoyancy, the side spring, the gay
where cold irony gives way to a hot anger.
appraisal of loveliness that keeps Lindsay the mis- quote the first few lines:
sionary from superseding Lindsay the minstrel. Go, my songs, to the lonely and the unsatisfied ;
His morals may tame the man; they will never
Go also to the nerve-wracked, go to the enslaved-by-
convention,
be able to keep a bit and bridle on his magic. Bear to them my contempt for their oppressors.
Ezra Pound's volume is a far more puzzling Go, as a great wave of cool water,
affair. Its range and variety are its most out-
Bear my contempt of the oppressors.
standing quality and its chief defect. The vol- Speak against unconscious oppression,
a catch-all for Pound's slightest
Speak against the tyranny of the unimaginative,
Speak against bonds.
utterance. Poems in the imagist manner, lugu- Any lover of æsthetics will also find much to
brious cantos in a Sordello form, arrangements admire in the subtleties of light, shadow, move-
in the vorticist vein, epigrams from the Greek,
ment and what is naively called "atmosphere"
Lalage and other ladies from the Latin, para-
in such brief pictures as "Albâtre," "Fish,” “The
phrases from the German, scraps from the early
Encounter," the “Fan-Piece for Her Imperial
Anglo-Saxon, snatches from the Spanish, idioms
Lord” (an excellent example of condensation
from the Italian, water-colors from the Chinese,
from an original many times as long), "The
echoes from Provence-one gets nothing so much
Coming of War" and this
as a confused jumble and smattering of erudi-
IN A STATION OF THE METRO
tion. The effect is less that of the man of the
The apparition of these faces in the crowd;
world than the man about literature. All is Petals on a wet, black bough.
carefully noted, collected, tagged, and set down. But “Lustra" is something more than a hap-
Nothing is too inconsequential or unworthy of hazard and too inclusive collection; it is the rec-
inclusion. It is all here; even the absurd apos- ord of a retreat, a gradual withdrawal from
trophe to Swinburne ("Salve Pontifex") and life. In the early days when Pound first moved
the inane, schoolboy burlesque of "Summer is his physical lar and his æsthetic penates to Lon-
ume
seems


1917]
635
THE DIAL
>
don, he gave promise of achieving a personal a more delicate and dextrous imagination and a
utterance to match a decided personality. In
far greater feeling for words—but Pound tri-
many of the early poems, such as “Pierre Vidal umphs in the gesture. He puts up his hand, his
Old,” “Ballad of Gloom,” and the exquisite fingers become nimble, his eyebrows go up and
“Greek Epigram" (all originally in “Personae” what, when spoken, is tawdry and trivial, be-
and "Exultations"), the influence of Browning comes glamorous with a possible mystery. This
and Bertran de Born was unmistakable. But it is his power. The escape into literature is com-
was not overmastering, and it was confidently plete; the poetry is mostly dumb show, but he
expected that a few years would bring Pound can still simulate life. He is Gordon Craig's
to a more striking and less scholastic habit of super-marionette and his art is poetry in pan-
mind. The first part of this expectation was tomime.
LOUIS UNTERMEYER.
fulfilled, but, strangely enough, it only placed an
emphasis on his inverted scholasticism. Pound,
it became evident, was no pioneer, no intrepid
A Freudian Half-Holiday
traveller; he was always an exponent of “move-
ments,” a schoolman, alternating between an in-
DelusiON AND DREAM. An Interpretation in the
curably romantic veneration of the past and an
Light of Psychoanalysis of Gradiva, a Novel, by
even more cloistral aversion to the crowd. Now Wilhelm Jensen. By Dr. Sigmund Freud. Trans-
it is classicism that he embraces, now imagism,
lated by Helen M. Downey. (Moffat, Yard &
Co.; $2.)
now a furtive effort to look at the violence of
To what extent can true psychologic insight,
life in the terms of vorticism—always the con-
not consciously determined by objective experi-
tact with the actual world is feared. More and
ence, be credited to the literary artist? Is there
more he shrinks back into literature. And so
such a thing as an intuition or instinct of psychic
in “Lustra,” we find him established. He has
verity anticipating, nay transcending, the more
become a connoisseur of the curious; a haunter
laborious constructions of the systematic psy-
of old bookstalls; a formalist arguing in a mustychologist? And has the latter nothing but
and deserted classroom. The library is his ivory admiration and envy for the great artist's un-
tower, and he has locked himself in. Once in a
while he opens a window and hears people laugh- teries of the human soul? Perhaps. At least
guided, yet infallible, unravelings of the mys-
ing and brawling in the street. But he listens
we may grant without fear of contradiction that
only for a moment. The window is slammed,
modern psychology might rest content with the
the curtains are drawn, the perfumed candles lit
assurance of but half the grasp of mental phe-
—and he is back again, picking his way through
literatures, amassing technicalities and dreaming interpreters have, at one time and place or
nomena that the great army of Shakespearean
of himself in his favorite rôle—the pedagogue in
another, ascribed to their liege lord. And how
power, the pundit on parade. The sum total of
does it stand with psychoanalysis? Have the not
all this is staggering, the net result infinitesimal.
altogether self-evident psychic mechanisms that
Pound has gone on, collecting cultures, and
Freud has disinterred for us ever been anticipated
all they have yielded him is an accent, an atti-
in toto in a work of fiction? It is not a question
tude. He poses before the mirror of his art and
of whether this or that isolated bit of psychoan-
drapes himself in a coat of many colors that he
alytic theory finds its parallel or confirmation in
has taken, patch by patch, from other and more
literature,-such convergences of thought may
authentic designers. He has really little to say,
but he says it in a manner that gives his words
be instanced by the hundred,—but of whether
a superficial significance. It is not so much the
there are to be found anywhere a literary plot and
phrase as the gesture that accompanies it that is
an underlying psychological analysis that are com-
distinguished and arresting. It is this gesture
parable to a typical psychoanalytic clinical picture.
The latest addition of Messrs. Moffat, Yard
that explains and identifies Pound. Some of his
followers who are not so well known have sur-
& Co. to their rapidly growing library of psy-
passed him in his own métiers: the Aldingtons choanalytic literature undertakes to answer this
are far more Hellenic and chiseled than he; T. S. question.
question. It consists of two parts: a short novel,
Eliot has a much lighter touch in recording the
or Novelle, by the prolific German writer Wil-
ironies and overtones of conversation; John helm Jensen, entitled “Gradiva, a Pompejian
Gould Fletcher is a more successful experimenter Fancy"; and a Freudian interpretation of this
;
in the clash of colors; Maxwell Bodenheim has work of fiction, “Delusion and Dream in Jen-


636
[December 20
THE DIAL
-
sen's Gradiva." The intrinsic literary merit of the meeting of Zoë and Hanold, who are next-
“Gradiva" hardly concerns us, except in so far door neighbors in a German town, in Pompeii
as it puts us in an initially responsive or begrudg- itself; and the fact of Hanold's strange forget-
ing mood when confronted by the succeeding fulness. The nucleus of the tale is the abnormal
commentary. The translator, as usual in these interest that Hanold takes in the bas-relief, more
Moffat, Yard & Co. translations from the particularly in Gradiva's very peculiar trick of
German, has done her best to create a haze of lifting the foot in walking. Psychoanalytically,
literalness separating us from too close intellect- this interest, which leads to fancies of a delusive
а
ual contact with the writer, yet I doubt whether nature, is interpretable as a substitutive form of
even the best type of rendering would have expression of the sexual instinct, all direct and
altogether made credible Freud's own estimate of normal manifestations of which have been denied
the æsthetic value of the story. It has the same an outlet by the conscious self. The reason for
heavy combination of sentimental fancy and the repression, however, is not evident, for
rather coarse jocularity that, in such tales as Hanold's intensive preoccupation with classical
“Die Nonna" and "Höher als die Kirche," was archæology is, at best, but an occasion or shaping
served up to us in high-school days. The "fancy" circumstance, not a sufficient cause. At least so
wings its Alight in comfortable view of German psychoanalysis; Jensen may have other ideas of
Gemütlichkeit. It is with somewhat of a shock what constitutes causality in a fantasia. As the
that we learn that the Gustav Freitag-Paul Heyse only sexually utilizable material antedating the
type of sentimentality was still flourishing in repression is Hanold's childish relations to Zoë,
Germany in 1903; presumably its germs are still now “remembered” only by the unconscious, it is
intact. Of the jocular note running through natural that the dammed instinct should feed on
Jensen's fantasia Freud seems a bit oblivious, a representation linked, via this unconscious
perhaps because there are weightier matters in memory, with his childish past. We have, there-
hand. And yet, that Freud's sense of humor is fore, in Hanold's infatuation with the bas-relief
not altogether in abeyance and that he is aware a typical example of the unconscious infantile
of the smallness of the step that separates inter- fixation which is so frequently at the back of
pretative acuity from flightiness is shown by the neurotic phenomena. His delusional fancies are,
final remark with which he calls a halt to his in effect, a compromise formation induced by two
own resourcefulness: “But we must stop or we conflicting volitional streams, the sexual impulse
may forget that Hanold and Gradiva are only and the repressive force; they "satisfy" the former
creatures of our author." All psychoanalysts through the power of an unconscious series of
who are capable of making reservations should associations, the latter by guaranteeing a flight
thank Freud for this sly dig in his own ribs. from sexual reality. The psychoanalytic com-
Let all this not obscure the fact that Freud plexion of Jensen's “Gradiva" extends far beyond
makes a case, and indeed a very plausible and
this delusional nucleus to a considerable number
sharp-witted one. Aside from certain short- of details. Emotional transference, rationaliza-
comings, psychoanalytically considered, of Jensen tion of motive, unconscious symbolization of
himself, and aside from a few cases of rather desire, regression to infantile experiences--all
evident overdoing it on Freud's part, the accord these familiar aspects of Freudian thinking find,
of "Gradiva" with psychoanalytic requirements or seem to find, frequent illustration in the novel.
is remarkable enough, however one chooses to The very name Gradiva, "splendid in walking,"
explain it, and this despite the obvious fact that which has been bestowed by Hanold on the girl
the suggestion of anything like psychological of the bas-relief, turns out to be, as Jensen him-
plausibility was far from Jensen's conscious mind. self points out, but the Latinized equivalent of
That Jensen intended to move almost entirely in the living girl's surname, Bertgang; that Hanold
the realm of pure fancy is indicated by two or fancies something Hellenic in the features of the
three of his assumptions, assumptions credible Pompeiian girl is a distorted reflex of the uncon-
only in a fantasia. The reader of the novel must sciously remembered name Zoë; his sudden
take for granted, without motivation, the com- departure for Pompeii, apparently a poorly mo-
plete identity in appearance and manner of walk- tivated caprice, is plausibly explained by Freud
ing of Zoë Bertgang, the long-forgotten childhood as symbolizing both his desire for Zoë-Gradiva
playmate of Hanold, the archæologist, and of (consciously rationalized as an absurd quest of
Gradiva of the bas-relief dug up at Pompeii; Gradiva's peculiar footprints in the lava of Pom-
a


1917]
637
THE DIAL
peii) and his unconscious fear of Zoë, the work The Polyglot Empire
of the repression. To at least some extent
Freud's detailed analyses of two of the dreams AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: THE POLYGLOT EMPIRE. By
introduced by Jensen carry conviction, but only
Wolf von Schierbrand. (Frederick A. Stokes
Co.; $3.)
to some extent. The treatment of the “latent
HISTORY OF SERBIA. By Harold W. V. Tem-
content" of the dreams is less plausible than the perley. (Macmillan Co.; $4.)
analysis of the delusions. This is precisely as it The war began in southeastern Europe; its
should be, for the chances of constructing dreams principal cause was the Mittel-Europa project of
possessing psychological verisimilitude are not Germany, looking to the bridging of the Balkans
very high. Finally, the cure of Hanold's delu- and the Bosphorus with a German-controlled
sions effected by Zoë may be described as an political and economic empire; and while the ulti-
abridged replica of the Freudian psychotherapy. mate military decision will undoubtedly be
What are we to make of it all? Jensen him- reached on the soil of France, Belgium, or Ger-
self “testily” denied all knowledge of psycho- many, many of the major problems of the paci-
analysis. Are we then, with Freud, driven to fication will centre about the future of the lands
ascribe to Jensen a high degree of instinctive of the east and south. Prominent among these
psychological insight, an artist's intuition that problems will be the restoration and indemnifi-
more than makes up for ignorance of psycho- cation of Servia. Strong interest will attach also
logical theory? In view of the very moderate to the fate of the loose-jointed, sorely beset
artistic ability displayed by Jensen and the ob- dual monarchy, Austria-Hungary, its boundary
vious lack of deep earnestness in his treatment changes, its political reconstruction (whether
of the plot, one hesitates to commit himself to complete dissolution, fuller federalization, or
Freud's thesis. We might be less disinclined to closer consolidation), and its economic ruin or
follow Freud if the author of "Gradiva" were possible rehabilitation.
a Shakespeare, a Balzac, or a Dostoevsky. Per-
In his "Austria-Hungary: The Polyglot Em-
haps we are unfair to Jensen. An unprejudiced pire” Mr. Wolf von Schierbrand, traveller and
survey of his other works might bring convic-journalist, has written a popular account of the
tion. Yet would it, after all, be rash to seek a
Austro-Hungarian peoples, their racial difficulties,
less ambitious explanation in what the ethnolo- political life, economic problems, and war con-
gists term "cultural convergence”? Jensen might ditions, which, although on the whole less useful
have started with the purely mechanical idea of
than Geoffrey Drage's well-known “Austria-
tying an arbitrarily interrupted past to
Hungary," has the advantage of being consider-
sentimental present and have hit upon the device ably more recent and more readable. The author
of unconscious sous-entendus as a convenient
lived in Austria-Hungary from 1912 until 1917.
means. This would be tantamount to an uncon-
He strongly disclaims the intention to write “a
scious aping of the psychoanalytic procedure. It
mere war book.” Yet more than a third of his
would also explain Jensen's failure to motivate chapters deal specifically with the state of the
what Freud interprets as a repression. Or, still
country during the war, and the chief value of his
more plausibly, a modicum of psychological in- work lies in the fact that it furnishes almost the
sight, say into the facts of unconscious memory, only intimate account that we have of what has
may have been helped out by such a mechanical
been going on in the Hapsburg dominions since
device as is here suggested.
the war began.
However we decide as to the psychoanalytic
All the world knows that the crux of the Aus
credentials of Wilhelm Jensen, we may accept tro-Hungarian situation is, and has always been,
Freud's study as a sugar-coated introduction to
the interrelations of the empire-kingdom's multi-
the subject of psychoanalysis itself. As such it
fold racial groups. After fairly well outlining
may have its uses. A scientific confirmation of
the elements in this problem, Mr. von Schier-
Freudian psychology it can hardly claim to be.
brand discusses with some deftness the problem's
While it does not seem to the reviewer to repre-
inherent difficulty, and goes on to consider the
sent a full day's work in the psychoanalytic work-
possible lines of its solution. He shows that the
shop, it is too good a thing to be dismissed as
American "melting-pot” theory has no applica-
the vagary of an off day. May not Freud have
tion in the dual monarchy, mainly for the reason
taken a half-holiday when he wrote it?
that all the bitterly contending racial elements -
EDWARD SAPIR. Germans, Poles, Czechs, Ruthenians, Magyars,
a


638
[December 20
THE DIAL
Slovaks, Serbs, Italians, and what not-claim ical lists frighten away the "general” reader;
their dwelling places as their ancestral homes, they do so only if the subject treated or the man-
look upon their neighbors as intruders and foes, ner of treatment is itself dull. The present vol-
cling tenaciously to their cultural inheritances, ume would gain greatly by being to some extent
and regard any union with their rivals as ulti- documented. Important information is given
mately desirable only if they themselves are left and interesting judgments are passed with no
in a position to rule. The view is taken that the citation of sources, authorities, or other means
present war will make it necessary to "cut the of corroboration; so that while the book as a
Gordian knot"; although we are also told that, whole carries weight as the work of a competent
without the war, matters could not long have and sympathetic observer, it lacks the value for
gone as they were.
the scholar and publicist which one would sup-
Assuming that it is forever impossible to weld pose it might readily have been given.
the polyglot populations of the monarchy into a A book of very different type is Mr. Temper-
compact state, the author contends that the only ley's "History of Serbia." Its author is known
feasible course, if the Hapsburg dominions are as a tireless explorer of the diplomatic collections
not to dissolve utterly, is to grant to every impor- of the British Record Office, and as the writer
tant racial group the essentials of self-govern- of more than one scholarly volume on modern
ment. He describes the plan of the late Archduke international relations. Begun as a history of
Francis Ferdinand to supersede the Aus- Serbia from the revival of her independence in
gleich with an instrument reorganizing the the nineteenth century to the Balkan war of
dominions on a triple instead of a dual basis, 1912, the present work has broadened into a his-
with Austria, Hungary, and a Jugoslav (South tory reaching backward to the first coming of
Slav) union as distinct political entities; and he the Southern Slavs into their Danubian and Bal-
shows that this interesting plan would have kan habitats. It closes with the events of 1910.
fallen quite short of its object, not only because The book bristles with evidence of painstaking
of the hostility of the Hungarians, but because research; it is well documented; and it contains
such other reforms as were to have gone with it a select bibliography of very satisfactory propor-
would still have left under the Emperor's sway tions.
a dozen discontented nationalities. The Arch- The writing of Balkan history is a task calling
duke's scheme did not go far enough. "The only for peculiar talents. The sources are plentiful,
radical remedy for the ills which race strife has yet fragmentary and conflicting. Fundamentals
bred in Austria-Hungary is self-government for are exceptionally difficult to hew from labyrinths
each and every part of the whole. The ideal of detail. Above all, it is hard not to be infiu-
must, in fact, be the establishment of something enced by the susceptibilities and prejudices of the
like a United States of Austria-Hungary, only numerous rival nationalities. In the Balkans, it
That is, the self-government in each has been well said, history is a sort of pacific
state of this prospective federation must be, to warfare in which every native scholar is a gen-
accomplish all that is desired, more complete eral.
than it is in its American prototype. Common Mr. Temperley has overcome these difficulties
ties must be confined to a very few."
with notable success.
He has the advantage
That there are tremendous obstacles to such which falls to the onlooker as against the par-
a readjustment is freely admitted. But the author ticipant. He is a master of sound historical criti-
feels certain that between it and the utter disso- cism. And he has simplified his problem by
lution of the monarchy there will be, after the tracing the fortunes of a single branch of the
war, no middle ground, and he ventures the pre- South Slavic race, rather than trying to write a
diction that “probably the means will be found." composite history. Similar treatment of the Bos-
It may be added that in his speech opening the nians, the Serbo-Croats, the Slovenes, and other
Reichsrath last May the young successor of South Slav peoples would make for clearness of
Francis Joseph pointed the way to a constitu-
a constitu- comprehension by the outside world.
tional reorganization based on greatly increased In the light of the author's conclusions, the
autonomy for the "kingdoms and lands” of the tragedy of Serbia under Austro-Hungarian con-
monarchy.
quest takes on added color.
“If there ever is
Mr. von Schierbrand makes the common mis- a Southern Slav federation," he affirms, "it will
take of supposing that foot-notes and bibliograph- be because of the kingdom of Serbia, which has
more SO.


1917]
639
THE DIAL
held up the same kind of hope and example of his Fellows"; while the third, Mr. J. D. Beaz-
unity to the Southern Slavs that the kingdom ley's “Attic Red Figured Vases in American
of Piedmont did to the Southern Italians. The Museums," is announced by the Harvard Uni-
history of the Serbian race in Montenegro and versity Press as a forthcoming work. And it is
Serbia is therefore the most important, because of peculiar advantage that the first two, at least,
these lands are the core of that rugged stock treat of the subject at the most inspiring point
which has preserved or achieved freedom, and in its evolution, when, for naïveté, freshness of
thus become a hope and a beacon to the Slavs imagination, and the ethical quality of its strug-
enslaved under rulers or imprisoned in other gle to solve problems inherent in the developing
lands.” This judgment is the more impressive technique of drawing, it is comparable with the
by reason of the fact that throughout his narra- art of the fifteenth century in Italy.
tive the author makes no attempt to obscure the For the layman, no book can serve better as an
weaknesses and faults of the Serbs, and especially introduction to the subject than that of M.
of their ruling dynasties.
Pottier. This first-rate authority on Greek
vases, abandoning technicalities and moot ques-
FREDERIC AUSTIN OGG.
tions, has brought all his learning to a simple
and sympathetic exposition of the subject, not for
Greek Vases
the professional archæologist, as he says in his
opening sentences, but for the reading public.
His monograph is now made more accessible
DOURIS AND THE PAINTERS OF GREEK VASES. By
Edmond Pottier. Translated by Bettina Kahn-
through Miss Kahnweiler's translation, to which
weiler. (E. P. Dutton & Co.; $2.50.)
has been added a preface by Miss Jane Ellen
EUTHYMIDES AND HIS Fellows. By Joseph Clark
Harrison, on the relation of Greek vase-painting
Hoppin. (Harvard University Press; $4.)
to Greek literature and mythology. Twenty-
The average museum visitor, in his wander-
five illustrations, some in color, accompany the
ings through the galleries of Europe and Amer-
text.
ica, usually passes by with but a swift glance
the cases of black and red Greek pottery, thus
In his first chapter M. Pottier briefly dis-
cusses the importance of the study of Greek
unwittingly depriving himself of a pleasure
afforded by the works of but few periods in
vases as a means of dimly discerning the nature
of the pictorial art of classic Greece, and states
the history of art. For the value of the study
as his reason for selecting Douris as a typical
of Greek vases, battered and fragmentary though
their condition frequently is, lies in the fact,
exponent of the craft, first, the fact that this
painter is representative of the culmination of
first, that they afford us an amazing revelation
of Greek life. Second, they yield a unique that to him can be attributed the largest number
the manufacture of Greek pottery; and second,
pleasure to the mind sensitive to certain æsthetic
of vases bearing the name of the painter.
qualities—to balance and exquisite adaptation
In the next three chapters, the author tells of
of figures to space, to the grace of curved lines,
the social conditions of the vase-painter, gives a
the swiftness and firmness of straight; and this
, glimpse into a factory in the Kerameikos, touches
too, notwithstanding the fact that the painters
upon the great pottery industry in Athens, and
were probably mere craftsmen. Third, to the
suggests how these skilled craftsmen must have
person gifted with imagination, they offer a
been keenly sensitive to the works of art by which
conception, vague though it may be, of the
they were surrounded; describes the workshop
general character and development of Greek
and tools; and follows step by step the technical
drawing and painting, a lost art, now known
process of the production of a piece of red-
only through meagre literary references.
figured work.
Of interest to those who have already acquired
In the remaining chapters the author dis-
a love for the Greek vase, as well as to those
cusses the vases of Douris, dividing them, accord-
who may desire to gain an understanding of the
ing to the content of the painting, into three
craft, is the publication of three volumes which
groups: mythological, martial, and genre, for
will help to fill the need for books on this sub- the last of which Douris showed a decided pref-
ject in English. Two have already appeared- erence, introducing us to many an interesting
Miss Bettina Kahnweiler's translation of M.
everyday scene of contemporary Athenian life.
Pottier's “Douris et Les Peintres des Vases In conclusion the writer summarizes in a
Grecs," and Mr. Hoppin's "Euthymides and peculiarly happy way the historic and ästhetic


640
(December 20
THE DIAL
value of his painter. In fact, the chief value of Another “ Apologia”
the book is the charm that results from the
warmly appreciative and sympathetic attitude of A SPIRITUAL PILGRIMAGE. By R. J. Campbell.
M. Pottier toward his subject.
(D. Appleton & Co.)
The translator, however, could have rendered
This book belongs to the type of intimate
the volume more valuable to the student, had
literature represented earlier by Newman's "Apo-
she added, in footnotes, the results of late criti- logia” and in our own day by the autobiograph-
ical confessions of Benson and Tyrrell. “It is
cism, which, for instance, accredits Douris with
more work than the twenty-eight pieces men-
best to tell the whole story of my religious life
tioned by M. Pottier.
and to let it speak for itself," says Mr. Camp-
A different aim is found in Mr. Hoppin's bell
. “Most of the arguments on both sides are
monograph, which is a scholarly and more techni-
already outworn, ... I have therefore confined
cal presentation of the works of a small, but myself to describing step by step the road by
closely allied, group led by the painter Euthym- which I came to the position I occupy today.”
The vogue of such religious autobiography is
ides. The writer arranges his material in the
form of a catalogue raisonné of the signed works,
great, and it is significant. Abstract theology
each accompanied by a detailed description, a
may be alien to our generation; philosophical dis-
bibliography, and, wherein lies the unusual value
cussion always appeals to limited groups. But
of this work, an illustration of every vase dis-
the modern world is hungry for records of expe-
rience, and the welcome accorded them shows
cussed, many of superior quality, as they are
reproduced from the Furtwängler-Reichhold that men are still intensely conscious that they
plates. He then effects his reconstruction from are "pilgrims of eternity," and crave fellowship
the following data: (a) signatures and inscrip-
and guidance on the journey.
tions; (b) use of kalós names; (c) relation to Fellowship rather than guidance is to be found
the other artists of the period; (d) style and
in Mr. Campbell's book. The secret of the au-
technical details. His deductions are that histor- thor's power over vast audiences is not hard to
ically Euthymides was active in the early part
discover. Such sympathetic eagerness and sweet-
of the fifth century, had some connection with ness of nature are assets in the pulpit and will
the black-figured work, and with Andokides and always win the world. The delightful account
his group, and was a contemporary and rival of of the boyhood in Ulster is full of beauty and
Euphronius. Artistically he possessed a well- humor, and incidentally throws much light on
defined style—a fact which has been established the present psychology of Irish affairs. The lov-
by a morphological study of the figures and a re-
ing and reverent discipleship toward Dean Paget
duction of them to geometric formulæ.
and other friends, the pleasure in great books,-
On the hypothesis of this reconstruction, by
for Campbell has been a wide if not a deep
the comparative method, Mr. Hoppin attributes
reader,—the authentic note of spiritual experi-
to Euthymides ten unsigned vases, arranging his
ence, are charming traits-traits of a man so
lovable that his unknown hearers or readers feel
data in the same catalogue form as in the case
at once a personal bond established.
of the signed works.
By a like study of four vases of unquestioned
But these very traits are those of the fellow-
traveller rather than the leader. The book has
signature, the writer determines the historical
place and style of Phintias, whom he considers high representative value; one finds in it a reflec-
tion of many characteristic phases in the religious
an intimate associate, if not actual partner, of
experience of England and, in a measure, of Eu-
Euthymides. Finally he discusses the more
rope during the last quarter-century. One does
shadowy personalities of Kleophrades and Hypsis,
not find in it an original contribution to Chris-
the former, because of his relation, at the
tian thought. There is nothing to compare, for
beginning of his career, to Euthymides, as a
instance, with the great concluding chapter of
probable pupil; and the latter, because of his
the "Apologia” for depth and fervor of thought,
strong Euthymides characteristics.
or for power of expression. Yet change of faith,
Students of the history of art will value Mr.
in the cases of both Newman and Campbell,
Hoppin's monograph not only for its reconstruc-
sprang really, not out of thought, but out of per-
tions, but also for its exposition of a method, sonality. Intellectual as well as spiritual travail
logical and scholarly.
HELEN GARDNER. preceded Mr. Campbell's sincere and deliberate


1917]
641
THE DIAL
a
conversion from non-conformity to Anglicanism. mind before and after. That work, written under
But those to whom news of that conversion came the temporary influence of a Modernist Christol-
as a surprise will learn now that it was inevita- ogy, monistic to the verge of Pantheism, called
ble. Newman, as a little boy, for some myste- forth, among other comment, a reply from Camp-
rious reason drew rosaries in his schoolbooks and bell's honored leader of old at Oxford, Bishop
crossed himself in the dark. So Campbell, in Gore. Rare phenomenon! The author was con-
conservative Presbyterian Ulster, where Orange- vinced by the refutation,-
,-or at least was driven
men abounded and contempt for Catholic Ire- back to former types of faith, which in the end re-
land dominated emotion, tells us: “I remember sumed their hold. A man who can be brought
making for myself an Oratory in a remote cor- round to his opponent's point of view by that op-
ner of our woods, and carving a rude crucifix ponent's attack on him is a real Christian; and the
for it as well as erecting a rough stone altar. fine humility, as well as the impressionable quality
Why I did this I cannot imagine, as I am sure of mind which gives book and man their charm,
I never saw anything of the kind anywhere else is peculiarly evident at this point. The whole
at that time." These things have to be, and it discussion of modern Christology, moreover, of
is a foolish soul that fights against the call from the "Christ-Myth” theory and the Apocalyptic
a region below reason.
conception of Christianity, is lucid and valuable
Presently we are at Oxford, and the author to the reader least versed in theological meth-
has to record the spell cast over him by the holy ods; nor does the discussion lose cogency from
lives of the priests with whom he was there in the ardent devotional tone which pervades it.
contact, and by the lofty beauty and mystic im- To be religious, Mr. Campbell keenly says some-
plications of Catholic life and worship. The where in his book, is a gift of nature; to be
forces which withheld him at that time from the spiritually minded is the work of grace, and
Anglican priesthood were partly an honorable comes after long effort only. This book is the
loyalty to his Presbyterian forbears, and a recog- self-revelation of a spiritually minded man who
nition of the work of the Spirit within them, knows whereof he speaks.
partly a liberalism which questioned "the author- Perhaps Mr. Campbell's sanguine temper over-
ity on which we accepted Christian doctrine" estimates the degree to which the modernist
and shrank half consciously from dogmatic de- Christology is now discredited; but he is not
mands. He felt that High Anglicanism led alone in reaction from it. Younger non-con-
straight to Rome. Also, he was "in the mood formists of distinction, as for example Dr. Or-
for sacrifice," and "would rather work with chard in his brilliant "Necessity of Christ,” are
those who had not social recognition than with also feeling their way back to faith in the his-
those who had.” Admirable objections, yet all torical and supernatural basis of Christianity,
the time the spell was at work. “The two as well as toward a Sacramental and Catholic
sources of my spiritual life are the Ulster Pres- philosophy. Once more the ancient sanctities
byterianism of my childhood, and the Anglo- have been attacked by the tumultuous roar and
Catholicism of my Oxford days. To the latter, rush of an incoming tide; and again as the waves
humanly speaking, I owe my soul." Anyone recede they stand firm as rocks above the welter.
reading the record of those years, though aware In the course of geologic periods, waves wear
that it may be somewhat colored by feelings of rocks away; but the Rock of Ages shows no
a later date, would be certain that in the end change as yet to mortal vision.
nostalgia of the Altar, as Tyrrell used to put it, Bishop Gore pointed out to Campbell that
would lead the wanderer home.
much which repelled him in current Protestant
But the home-coming was by a roundabout orthodoxy was equally repellent to the Catholic
path, and in describing it the book treats of genius: and insistence that the mystic Christ and
nearly all the forces which have swayed modern the Jesus of history are one, led him back into
religious minds. Chapter VI, on "The Labor the Catholic fold. “It was the Christ of the
Movement,” is interesting in its record of a Catholic Church that stood forth from the newer
growing social radicalism, and noteworthy for criticism of the gospel sources, not the Christ
the gentleness with which its advanced positions of liberal Protestantism." Very gently, with true
are maintained. But the dramatic centre of the loving-kindness toward all, Campbell returned
book is in the controversy gathering around the to his old home. Has he reached the end of his
New Theology, and in the progress of Campbell's journey ? Every reader asks the question. He


642
[December 20
THE DIAL
explains that he has carefully studied and re- "social" psychology as an intellectual fine art.
jected the claims of Rome. But a temperament We see not only the cruelly ingenious union of
like his rarely reaches a passive goal. Mean- capitalism and government for the purpose of
time, wherever he may find himself, his power keeping the working classes in servitude, but we
to contribute to the larger Christian unity which see the philosophy by which capitalists and poli-
begins to seem more than a dream is in many ticians rationalized their crude will-to-power into
ways unique. His treatment of the vexed ques- attitudes that satisfied them as necessary. The
tion of Reordination is especially cogent and Hammonds have used their material with the
timely; the direct and practical experience of utmost skill to show us the intellectual structure
varied religious types, the respect for all, the of this terrible civilization. In their early chap-
lofty view of the Whole Body, the Sacra- ters, "The New Power," "The New Town,”
mental philosophy, above all the personal piety “The New Discipline,” they show the inexor-
breathing through every page, equip him to able hemming in of the workers by the new
render greater services to his generation in capitalism. In the later chapters on "The Mind
the future than in the past. His autobiography, of the Rich," "The Conscience of the Rich,"
so typical in its very weaknesses, may not give “The Defences of the Poor," "The Mind of
much satisfaction to minds ready to penetrate the Poor," "The Ambitions of the Poor," the
new regions; but it does better. It is the reve- authors analyze the states of mind, religious,
lation of a true Christian, unspoiled by popu- political, predatory, that accompanied the new
larity, humble, consecrate, and never disobedient subjugation and the reactions against it. In
to his heavenly vision.
VIDA D. SCUDDER.
their feeling for class attitudes, for the rational-
izations that accompany the economic war, for
the sinister manipulation of government by cap-
The Industrial Revolution
ital, the Hammonds have an intellectual tool
which should be in the hands of every one who
tries to write of this modern industrial era.
THE Town LABOURER, 1760-1832. By J. L. and
Barbara Hammond. (Longmans, Green & Co.; And they have produced a book which can fairly
$3.50.)
be called a model of method and perspective.
From the point of view of the possessing
The writers are filled with the need of or-
classes, the Industrial Revolution in England ganizing a society in which “all men and women
meant the dawn of modern greatness, the con-
have an equal and recognized share.”
quest of nature by man's inventive skill, the en-
they describe, which still lives on in our Ameri-
dowment of society with a wealth of commodities
can industrial civilization, thought of industry
and services. From the point of view of the
only "as offering rapid and tempting prizes to
worker who produced these commodities, the In-
the spirit of gain which was regarded as the
dustrial Revolution was a cruel and shameless
great motive power of human progress.” The
exploitation of the mass of a race by the classes
workingmen leaders who were right then, and
holding economic and political power.
The
are right now, saw that "if life was to be en-
modern social historian is far more interested
riched by the new industry, machinery must be
in this latter point of view than in the former,
made subordinate to the men who used it." The
and presses insistently on these sorest spots of
struggle to effect that subordination has still
English civilization. Never has the story been
after a century scarcely got beyond the first skir-
told with such masterly precision or with such
mishes. This book reflects the revolutionizing
illuminating reference to the original sources of
of economic thought; it insists that England-
the time as in this book by the Hammonds. It and the other industrial nations by inference
is not a large book, but the perspective and shall no longer be “two nations," divided by a
proportion are so perfect that the life of a whole bitter class struggle, but a genuine common-
era, analyzed searchingly and profoundly, passes wealth in which machinery becomes the servant
before your eyes as you read.
of life and not its master. “The Town La-
The book is virtually a study in the technique bourer” should be read for its constant play of
of class-manipulation. Not only are events and suggestiveness upon our modern situation, and
conflicts studied, but the whole intellectual and the stern questions its material puts to us of
spiritual background of this class struggle as
how much our ruling classes know of liberty
events were reflected in it is presented. This is
to-day.
RANDOLPH BOURNE.
The age


1917]
643
THE DIAL
Psychology in a Vacuum possessed of a refinement that reminds one of
the people who interested Henry James. The
The Three BLACK PENNYS. By Joseph Herge- iron mills pound, flame, and roar outside, al-
sheimer. (Alfred A. Knopf; $1.50.)
ways outside, for they are never allowed to come
The publisher of Mr. Hergesheimer's “The
into the drawing-room. It is, so to speak, in
Three Black Pennys” calls it “the first Ameri-
can novel” he has printed. There is no need
drawing-rooms, softly lighted and faultlessly
furnished, that all three stories take place. This
to put any special interpretation on that use of
is the impression of the whole work. The au-
the word "American," but it comes in neatly as
thor himself writes with a subtlety and a sensi-
a starting-place for a discussion of this "splendid,
tive penetration that are the fruits of careful
unsuccessful” novel. It is not American. Until
reading, if not study, of English and French
American business became the world's breakfast
models. There are none of the bold, bald ob-
conversation, the sordidness of getting to work
servations of a Spoon River historian. So
by eight o'clock, or an even more vulgarly early much, then, as a friendly attempt to rid Mr.
hour, there to be enslaved until five or six in
Hergesheimer's novel of a complimentary ad-
the evening, was kept from the novel-reader's
vertisement which it cannot fairly be asked
delicate sensibilities. One somehow received the
to live up to. To say that it is not American,
impression from one's youthful reading that the
is not to derogate the novel. The publisher,
people in novels rarely had to work. They did
you know, may have meant by “American," a
work, it is true; but the hero always dressed for
novel written by an American and printed in
dinner, and he could be had for a love scene
this country!
in a shadowy pergola at any hour of the day.
Obviously, the adjectives "splendid” and “un-
Even when his work and its influence were the
successful” were chosen with care.
It is un-
theme, the spiritual situation was more likely to
successful, first of all, because it is not a unit.
be presented than the weariness of the hours
It is divided into three parts that are three
from morning till lunch and from one o'clock
stories. In spite of a liberal and often tiresome,
till five. English and continental literature still
make one think of the dominant leisure classes, genealogy and inheritance, the reader is wholly
though always skilful, use of the mechanics of
though they may be felt only through their
unconvinced that these men and their stories
pressure on the laboring man. America is the
workaday nation of the world, garish, loud, and
are in any way related. Why the author is not
successful, despite his clever use of genealogical
unrefined. There are almost as many million-
aires in the United States as the Russian peasant
connectives, is too subtle and complex a subject
to be dealt with in anything less than an essay.
believes there are, but it is doubtful whether
One is generously tempted to excuse him on the
there are many who do not spend a great part
grounds that he has attempted one of the most
of their days at a desk. And whether judged
difficult feats in fiction, until one remembers the
fairly or not, the millionaire is notoriously bo-
impressiveness of “The Way of All Flesh.”
vine as regards the "finer shades.” The work
When the first part of the book has been finished,
of making millions has completely coarsened him.
and a brilliant piece of work it is, the disappoint-
The three black Pennys are three men of one
ment at discovering that one is to know no
family, separated by generations but bound by
more of Howat Penny and Ludowika, that one
a strain of melancholy, "black blood,” which
has finished a short story, is so discouraging that
gives them the appellation. All three are in-
heritors of the Penny iron mills and wealth.
patience must be coaxed to return. Jasper Pen-
This offers what seems to be, and is, a typically ny's story follows, and it has a hard time indeed
American background; but the characters are
making a place for itself in the mind of the
in it and not of it. Gilbert Penny, the founder
reader who has become fond of Howat, Ludo-
of the iron business and the only one who gives wika, and the whole first Penny family. But it
his life in true American fashion to its develop- finally does so, because of the author's vivid
ment, is merely the father of the first of the presentation of human psychology. At this stage,
three "black" Pennys. His successors are all in fact, forgiveness is the feeling one has, until
men of complete leisure, of genuine culture and the same experience must be gone through again
wealth, free to do as they please and breathe an with the third story. It is too much. One de-
atmosphere of aristocracy decidedly European. termines to tell everyone, including the author,
All the men and women of the story, indeed, that this is not a novel, but three short stories.
are


644
[December 20
THE DIAL
Contributing also to the ultimate failure of
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
the work as a novel is a smaller flaw, a flaw,
ARIZONA THE WONDERLAND. By George
however, that is cumulative in its effect upon
Wharton James. Page; $3.50.
the reader who likes Mr. Hergesheimer's people.
Arizona's signal claim to publicity has rested
This flaw has been mentioned. The characters
these many years solely on the Grand Canyon.
move in the setting as though it were a mere
We learn from the book before us that it can
stage back-drop. It might even be said that
boast of other wonders of nature. George
they move hither and thither through it with Wharton James's self-imposed, and not altogether
no more effect upon themselves than if it were unsuccessful, task is to establish the truth of his
air and mist. At first the reader's feeling is too statement that “With but one exception—the
vague to be called even a suspicion. Little by ocean-Arizona has everything that has rendered
little he finds that these people really live in an
California so world-famed, with the addition of
abstract world, that they could be taken from many scenic, geologic, ethnologic, and archeologic
features that California does not possess." It
their setting without changing their fates in
would seem that Mr. James knows his Arizona
the least. Not one of the Penny men is really
as well as the California of which he has written
affected by the iron mills; the wealth that affects
so much, for in defence of his enthusiasm he
them comes from the mills, but the money might
says: “Of course I shall be accused of 'fine writ-
have been inherited from perfect strangers and ing. I always am, by men who have not seen
their stories would have been the same. This what I am writing about. How foolish for those
independence of the atmosphere of the surround- who know not to criticize the endeavors of those
ings extends even to the weather. The moods, who do.”
the thoughts, the spirits of the various char-
Too bulky for a guide book, too discursive for
acters are in no way changed by those minute quick reference, the work nevertheless makes
influences which make up so large a part of the
pleasant and often informative reading. After
"Glimpses of the Land,” in which the reader is
mosaic of life. Memories of the exquisite blend-
taken in imagination on a sketchy trip over the
ing of man and nature by such men as Mere-
whole state, the remainder of the book satisfies the
dith, Maupassant, and Flaubert flood into the curiosity thus aroused by developing more inten-
reviewer's mind.
sively the subjects enumerated. Of especial inter-
The virtue of the book is its psychology, its est are the facts relating to the various tribes of
delineation of the minds and souls of these peo-
Indians, among whom the author has spent much
time, studying their ceremonies, their ways of
ple. For this it deserves the adjective "splen-
living, and their histories. He concludes that the
did.” And lest the reader of the review be un-
ancient cliff-dwellers are to be identified with
desirably biased by a comparison of the space
the present-day Pueblo Indians. We learn of the
devoted to praise and blame, let me say un- existence of ruins that do not come within the ken
equivocally that the book is worth reading. One of any but the specialist; one of them, Betatakin,
hands it on immediately to one's best friend, and
with Nonnezoshie, a great natural arch rising
gives the friend full permission to do the same.
above it, was seen for the first time by a white
man in 1909. In the White Mountains, the
Every person in the book lives, lives in his or
author says, new dwellings are often brought to
her small time with an attraction not incom-
light, and there are still many that have yet to
parable to that of some of the great characters
be discovered.
in fiction. At times you forget the words and The industrial and intellectual phases of Ari-
paper, you sympathize to the point of embarrass- zona life are also recorded, so that the book is
ment. This is no small accomplishment for a comprehensive in its scope. It is likewise a well-
writer, and it is Mr. Hergesheimer's. There
furnished volume, illustrated with a dozen color-
plates besides many other pictures and a map.
are flaws, but one of them is not false or super-
ficial psychology. You are surprised not by what
POLITICS AND PERSONALITIES. By the Right
the people say, but by the fact that they say just
Hon. G. W. E. Russell. Scribner; $2.25.
what they should say. They react in normal, The book itself is thoroughly engaging. It is
vivid, vital ways. In the world of fiction-pup- one of those comfortable books which one can
pets such individuals stand out with all the at- take up at odd moments with the assurance that
traction of personalities. It is because his people they will prove good moments- a book genial
are so “splendid” that one must call the novel
without loss of seriousness, thoughtful without
being profound, and (grateful virtue) contempo-
unsuccessful.
B. I. KINNE.
rary without being harrowing. The politics that


1917]
645
THE DIAL
arresting visions, no thrilling beauties, no stirring
agonies. It is true that the finest poetry in the
world deals with the oldest things in the world.
The dreadfulness of war, the dearness of home,
the glory of a goal seen through a mist of blood
and tears, these are close enough to men's hearts
to be at the root of poetry.
But neither good
subject-matter nor the will to self-expression,
alone or together, can create art. And that inti-
mate wedding of the sensitive and the communi-
cative which results in fine art can occur even
when the form is as old as iambic tetrameter.
For all this versifier's sentiments, he has no pas-
sions. He expresses in traditional way tradi-
tional feelings. His is neither the wilfulness of
original emotion nor the unique significance of
an original manner. Indeed, he lacks even the
tradition of his tradition: the note of Tenny-
sonian lyrism.
Mr. Russell is concerned with is current English
politics, the personalities are mostly present-day
political personalities—both judged from the van-
tage of a man read in history and reared in the
society of the high Victorians. Everywhere the
author is sure-tempered; everywhere he is shrewd
and humane; everywhere he sees Britishly. His
analysis of the duties of representatives, where
conscience and constituency are at odds ("M. P.
or Delegate?"); his reasoned assertion of the
political influence of the British monarch ("The
Whigs and the Constitution"); his characteriza-
tion of John Bull as a type that is passing ("John
Bull in Ireland”)—these are samples of topics
that exact attention; and with them such judg-
ments as, “England remains the most religious
country in Europe"; "the true spring of oratory
is the old Holy Well of Romance"-said, con-
cerning "Demagogues," with Lloyd George in
the category; or, "the pitifullest and meanest
outcry which can be uttered is the outcry of the
well-to-do classes against expenditure on the
instruction of the poor.
But, after all, it is not the book, it is the author
that stirs the imagination. Is he, as a type,
doomed to pass along with old John Bull? The
propertied Liberal, political both by nature and
opportunity; the aristocrat, unostentatious but
family-conscious; the Oxford man, who moves
in the classics without apparatus and remembers
Jowett; the churchman, familiar with the prob-
lems of the mind and capable of setting his own
intelligent appraisal upon the thing we call sci-
ence (“The Dark Side of Science”)—combine
such qualities with humor and humanity, honor
and chivalry, all sanely proportioned, and you
will limn such a portrait as Mr. Russell all
unconsciously draws of himself in his essays, rich
in reminiscence but awake to the present hour.
No one need expect to find in “Politics and Per-
sonalities" solutions for the great political prob-
lems of the near future, nor are they likely to be
solved by men of its author's type: the times are
cataclysmic, and experience cast in Victorian
moulds cannot be their measure. But it is not
the least poignant of our qualms to fear lest the
cataclysm shall have swept from the future the
possibility of perpetuating this same fine type of
the political man.
LETTERS ABOUT SHELLEY. Interchanged
by Three Friends—Edward Dowden, Rich-
ard Garnett, and William Michael Rossetti.
Edited, with an Introduction, by R. S. Gar-
nett. Doran; $2.
"Writing maketh an exact man,” says Bacon.
Behind any good biography or any carefully
established text is hidden an amount of labor on
minutiæ that is both amazing and depressing.
Yet this scholarly research need not be dryasdust;
it may be accompanied by noble enthusiasm and
the spirit of unselfish sacrifice. Both the toil and
the generosity of scholars are illustrated in the
volume which Mr. R. S. Garnett has edited.
The book is valuable, besides, to lovers of Shelley.
It comprises the greater part of the correspond-
ence of three notable authorities on the poet, pre-
sents their discussions in detail from 1869 to
1906, and reflects the broad-minded interest of
each in literature and life in general. Of the
three, Richard Garnett was first to win recog-
nition as an authority on Shelley. He hoped
some day to write the poet's biography; but
crowded with duties at the British Museum, and
drawn by the force of circumstances into other
literary undertakings, he never found the neces-
sary leisure. To him Rossetti, himself become
known for painstaking research, presently applied
for assistance in a memoir. So unstinted was the
response that a firm friendship between the two
men resulted. After a time Rossetti called Gar-
nett's attention to “a Whitman enthusiast
Edward Dowden." Before long Dowden in turn
was studying Shelley and corresponding with
Garnett about a multitude of details. Sir Percy
Shelley, now hopeless of securing Garnett's serv-
ices, invited Dowden to write the official biogra-
phy. The invitation was accepted; still more
rigorous investigation was made necessary, and
an intensified correspondence between Dowden
DAYS OF DESTINY. By R. Gorell Barnes.
Longmans, Green; $1.
Another book of war verse comes from a young
author, now member of the Rifle Brigade. It is
written by following, unconsciously perhaps, the
familiar patterns. In ordinary orderly metrical
rhymes the writer celebrates "The Path of Hon-
our," "The Cliffs of England," "The Fall of
Namur.” The verse is neither beautiful nor
poor; it is merely commonplace. There are no


646
December 20
THE DIAL
and Garnett was begun. The letters of this period the Pacific. His wide view of international re-
are the most valuable of the collection. They lations of the past four hundred years may well
offer no sweeping revelations about Shelley, for enlarge the horizon of many a casual reader. A
the sufficient reason that their discoveries have brief but careful survey of California history
already been embodied in published works. But down to 1850 is included, and Horace Davis
their arguments pro and con and their numerous contributes a paper on the “Home Guard" of
citations of elusive evidence make them useful 1861.
for reference. The most important general fact
to be elicited from them is that of Dowden's The CAMBRIDGE History Of AMERICAN
independence of the poet's family. It has been LITERATURE. Vol. I. Edited by William
supposed that he deferred too much to Sir Percy Peterfield Trent, John Erskine, Stuart P.
Shelley. These letters show clearly that he fol- Sherman, and Carl Van Doren. Putnam;
lowed his own opinion in essentials, though at $3.50.
times he softened mere expressions, and was
This work, the first volume of which is just
always open to suggestions from the magnani- issued, purposes doing for American literature in
mous Garnett.
three volumes what the Cambridge History of
English Literature has done for the older coun-
THE PACIFIC OCEAN IN HISTORY. Edited
try in fourteen. The editors believe that to write
by H. Morse Stephens and Herbert E. Bol-
the intellectual history of America from the mod-
ton. Macmillan ; $4.
ern æsthetic standpoint would be to miss precisely
Among the meetings held at the Panama- what makes it significant among modern liter-
Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco atures. A people that devoted its main energies
in 1915 was that of the Panama Pacific Histori-
to exploration, settlement, labor for sustenance,
cal Congress. This volume, “The Pacific Ocean
religion, and statecraft had no time and no
in History," contains a record of that congress, disposition to pursue art for art's sake.
Yet
and in title indicates the scope of the historical conditions which operated unfavorably for the
interests represented. Edited by H. Morse development of poetry and fiction were "no seri-
Stephens and Herbert E. Bolton, the work is ous handicap to the production of a prose com-
assured the careful attention of scholars, par- petently recording their practical activities and
ticularly when each finds included under the expressing their moral, religious, and political
comprehensive but vague appellation papers in his ideas." This view once adopted, the work of
own special field. There are twenty-four papers Jonathan Edwards is indeed worth more than
upon subjects more or less remotely connected
some imitative didactic poem in heroic couplets,
with the “Pacific Ocean Area.” They are divided and "The Federalist" of more account than con-
into six sections, (1) “The Philippine Islands temporary attempts at novel-writing. The pres-
and their History as a part of the History of ent volume, therefore, is largely taken up by the
the Pacific Ocean Area,” (2) “The Northwest- theologians and political writers of the eighteenth
ern States, British Columbia, and Alaska in
century—though there is an opening chapter on
their Relation with the Pacific Ocean," (3)
early travellers and explorers. This part of the
Spanish-America and the Pacific Ocean," (4) volume has also a fine, upstanding chapter on
"California," (5) "New Mexico and Arizona,"
Franklin, by Professor Sherman, of Urbana.
and (6) “Japan and Australasia.” Indicative of Later on, due attention is bestowed upon Irving,
the range of the papers read in these sections
Cooper, Bryant, and Emerson, the latter section
may be cited “The Western Ocean as a Deter-
being handled by Paul Elmer More. A chapter
minant in Oregon History," "British Influence
on transcendentalism, introducing this, is by Pro-
in Mexico, 1822-26," "French Intrusions in New
fessor Goddard, of Swarthmore College. It is
Mexico, 1749,” and “Japan's Early Attempts to
Establish Commercial Relations with Mexico."
one of the best pieces of work in the volume, but
its title, curiously enough, is omitted from the
Ten of the papers are by representatives of the
table of contents. There are also pages on the
University of California, and fourteen are in the
field of Spanish-American history. The volume
early essayists, dramatists, poets, and historians-
is largely a University of California product, the
who were, of course, mostly imitative echoes from
the days of Queen Anne.
result of the combined energies of Professor
Stephens in his managerial capacity and of Pro- Of the 584 pages of the volume, 200 are taken
fessor Bolton in his remarkably productive sem- up by a laborious bibliography. Now that the
inary.
foundations of the history are laid, perhaps the
Much of the book is not of interest to the superstructure will exhibit a lighter and more
layman. But this is not true of the opening ad- attractive aspect. One would welcome a smaller
dress of Professor Stephens, in which he dis- measure of compilation and a larger manifesta-
courses upon the conflict of European Nations in tion of the critical and the appreciatory.


1917]
647
THE DIAL
NOTES ON NEW FICTION
twenty years, while she supported the son she
had sent away from her. It is a fine opportunity
The republication of Mr. E. W. Howe's
for pathos, and the author may be counted on
"Story of a Country Town" (Harper; $1.50)
to make the most of it.
will call the attention of many people perhaps
for the first time to what is undoubtedly one
In “The Youth Plupy, or The Lad with a
Downy Chin" (Houghton Mifflin; $1.35),
of the most remarkable novels ever written in
Henry A. Shute records the further adventures,
this country. Composed thirty-five years ago,
chiefly amatory, of the hero-author of "The Real
in the spare moments of a lonely Kansas editor's
Diary of a Real Boy." Whether considered as
life, the book has had a continuous circulation,
a study of adolescence, as a story about boys for
though with a curiously submerged reputation.
It somehow never got itself into the canon of
grown-ups, as a book of delicious humor, or as
so much additional information about that com-
American classics, to which it so rightfully be-
pellingly interesting lad, Plupy, this episodical
longs. Perhaps this is because it defies all the
laws of what is generally supposed to be congenial
narrative, which reaches its climax in a pair of
good old-fashioned fist-fights, is capital reading-
to the American imagination. It is austere and
first-class for the fag-end of a weary day.
slightly ironic in tone; it pictures a stagnant and
more or less defeated pioneer countryside; it has
"The Love Letters of St. John" (Kennerley;
no trace of moralism; and it is distinctly pessi-
$1.25), forty-seven in number, subjectively re-
mistic in its outlook. There is nowhere the
late the suppositive love story of the Apostle
popular American theme of redemption. The
John and Antione, one of the Greek hetæræ.
incredibly pathetic and tragic story of Jo Ewing
The burden of St. John's communications is
moves to its dramatic close without the allevia-
that “the Word that he spake unto us, the God
tion of sentimentality. There is about the book
that he showed and declared unto us, is only
a good deal of the remorseless fate that we feel
Love. There is no other power and this is the
in the "Spoon River Anthology.” This young
life of every living thing. It is the Word that
novelist pierced through the layers of optimism
was made flesh and dwelt among us. It is the
and mawkishness that popular writers are apt
bread of life, the only door into the Sheepfold,
to smother American life in, and told the cold
the only rock on which to build, the only way
and arid truth about his environment as he saw
of salvation for the world .” Antione's
it. It is a realism colored by a pale romantic
replies sigh for the vanished "fragrance of that
glow, and by a singularly sustained mood of
wondrous hour" of love. Obviously, the Apostle
resignation. This story suggests nothing but
is constantly talking about the love that is of the
itself. The names of some of the characters
Father, while Antione speaks of love only in
suggest an allegorical intention, but the allegory
terms of the flesh. It is not surprising, there-
is not insistent. The plot has an intensity of
fore, that the liaison ends in tragedy, which John
feeling and an almost classic contour that one
attempts to ameliorate by sardonically assuring
Xenia, the love-child of Antione and a former
associates with no other American novel. The
style is extraordinarily simple, flowing, and vigor-
paramour, that "greater love hath no man than
ous, perfectly adapted to the primitive emotional
this, that he lay down his life for those who are
life and relations it describes. The touching
The touching only his friends.”
The follower of Dionysus
will find little in the volume to take seriously.
naïveté of the narration brings out all of these
qualities. There is hardly anything about the
The obvious and the sentimental are well dis-
book that is not an anomaly. Strangest of all
guised in "The Inner Door," by Alan Sullivan
perhaps is the fact that the story was much
(Century; $1.35). The sincerity of the author
appreciated by the American reviewers when it is one factor in the disguise, his fair characteriza-
came out, and the first edition, as Mr. Howells tion and his utilization of the subjects of the
reports in his preface, was sold out in the very day are others. They are likely to carry the
community where the story was produced and reader along on a high tide of interested accep-
about which it was written. Its renaissance now tance. But if one considers his story carefully,
is a fortunate event.
the fact becomes clear that he has presented only
The sentimentality in which the novelist the more obvious questions in the conflict between
clothes the woman who has broken convention is labor and capital, the more obvious conflict be-
nowadays as conventionally inevitable as the tween real and fancied romance in the heart of
actual attitude toward her in real life. Emerson his hero, and that he has thrown about them a
Hough in “The Broken Gate” (Appleton; sentimental glamour that no amount of force-
$1.50) does not deviate from that narrow path ful writing can conceal. The book is a good
of fictional possibility. The mother of Don Lane, example of the so-called better type of American
instead of leaving the town where she was novel with which the general reading public is
known, bravely lived there, as a milliner, for wont to satisfy itself.
6


648
(December 20
THE DIAL
CASUAL COMMENT
tion bestowed on the Jewish nation. It is, there-
fore, a source of gratification to all liberals that
Those WHO READ ONLY THE HEADLINES AND
the British government has pledged its support to
THE EDITORIAL COMMENT in the daily press must
the "establishment in Palestine of a national
have got a singularly inadequate notion of the
homeland for the Jewish people.” After two
President's message to Congress. As usual, the
thousand years of exile not only from his own
editors took considerable pains to veil as far as
land but from the community of nations as well,
possible Mr. Wilson's incorrigible idealism, which
the Jew is given the encouragement of recogni-
they appear to regard as an inexplicable bias to
be tolerated rather than a programme to be
tion. The sincerity of liberalism is certified. The
adopted. In particular, they fear anything like
world could reap no greater reward for granting
a candid and specific statement of what we expect
the Jew opportunity to develop his culture freely
to win by the war, and the whole of the Presi-
than the gift of that culture itself. In this serv-
dent's clear and frank sketching of our construc-
ice lies the responsibility of the Jewish people,
in Palestine and elsewhere.
tive purpose was generally ignored as irrelevant
and premature if not visionary—and that, too,
in spite of his home thrust about Russia, whose
THE “CASE" OF NIETZSCHE continues to oc-
present plight is a standing reproach to Allied
statesmanship. What could more convincingly
cupy the Paris reviews. Obviously, it would
be naïve to link him with Bernhardi, Treitschke,
show the costliness of an evasive and doubtful
and the other howling dervishes of the "Deutsch-
attitude to the fundamental issues of the war than
land über Alles" cult. He shared their hopes no
the loss of Russia's effective coöperation and the
more than their illusions as to the German mis-
alienation of her sympathy? If suspicion could
sion; on the contrary, he was a "good European,"
have been allayed by plain speech and a policy
who saw in that névrose nationale which fas-
outlined that was untainted by self-seeking and
tened itself on his countrymen after the Franco-
purely nationalistic ambitions, the President
Prussian War only the sacrifice of the German
believes that the present chaos might have been
mind to the German Empire and the impending
averted. At least there was a chance, of which
death of culture. Nothing more easily roused
a flexible statesmanship, awake to the strategic
his fury than the religion of nationalism. For
value of candor in dealing with democratic
the petty state system which has to plant itself
masses, would have hastened to avail itself. The
"between two hatreds" to keep from collapsing,
President's stressing of this point and his feeling
he had nothing but scorn, and he was filled with
that, in spite of the apathy of the press, he has
the holy rage of the philosopher in the presence
the support of plain men in his hopes for a peace
of all the fatuities and follies that accompanied
based on give and take, a peace which cannot be
the growth of the national vanity in Germany.
established without concessions on the part of the
Small danger of his mistaking the joyous Junkers
victors as well as the vanquished, show once more
for Overmen. There is, in fact, an exquisite
his gift for interpreting the real national will.
irony in the fact that the writings of this fas-
tidious and perverse solitary should have played
IN CHRISTIAN COUNTRIES, for more centuries
their part in helping to spread a culture which
than it is heartening to count, the barometer of
he loathed as the very negation of spiritual
social liberalism has been the position of the
values, as something heavy and uninspired, a
Jews. The treatment of this people has become
grotesque mingling of tasteless borrowings and
the gauge of social progress since the exclusion
bungling imitation. He prided himself most
of Jews from the common life of Europe in the
on remaining an alien among the German people
and carrying his admirations elsewhere-chiefly
fourth century. Step by step they have gained
to France. He even turned the Germans he
entrance again into the comity of nations, and
admired into foreigners in order to admire them
their advance has kept pace with the growth of
freedom among the Christian peoples themselves.
comfortably. Wagner is a case in point; Wag-
The test of the French Revolution's "rights of
ner the “opposite and the incarnate contradic-
tion of all 'German virtues.' In the French
man" was the rights of the individual Jew; and
he saw the only modern people who had pro-
in the last century western Europe has gradually
duced a genuine culture, and in the last book he
met and passed the test. The test of the Russian
wrote he was betrayed into ludicrous excesses of
revolution will be in a measure the same. If it is praise for the French genius. These, to be sure,
passed, the individual Jew will practically every- were the lengthening shadows of the sunset; but
where be a citizen. Above individual rights, they were extensions rather than deflections of
however, stand national rights. International his lifelong bias, which showed a constantly
democracy, the rights of nations great or small, growing exasperation with the German mind and
can be, perhaps must be, measured by the recogni- a derisive amusement at the antics of the "poor


19171
649
THE DIAL
bear" attempting to dance to the tune of civiliza-
NOTES FOR BIBLIOPHILES
tion. The French are certainly right to feel that
[Inquiries or contributions to this department should be ad-
they cannot afford to throw Nietzsche over; he dressed to John E. Robinson, the Editor, who will be
is the most fanatical modern spokesman for their
pleased to render to readers such services as are possible.)
culture. And as for the Germans, if they are
The Anderson Galleries opened their new home
able to read a flattering account of their national
at Park Avenue and Fifty-ninth Street, New York,
aspirations into the works of Nietzsche, then on December 10 by a sale of a collection of English
Nietzsche is right in his valuation of the German literature, early and modern, consigned by Henry
mind.
E. Huntington from his famous library. The books
were selections and duplicates and comprised almost
SINCE THE EFFORTS OF THE ENERGETIC MR.
five hundred works. A number of them were for-
HEARST to make literature hum among us have
merly in the collections of Henry W. Poor, Beverly
Chew, E. Dwight Church, and Frederick R. Hal-
been crowned with complete success, what could
sey; others were in the Robert Hoe, Henry Huth,
be more remarkable than the humility with
and Marshall C. Lefferts libraries.
which he views his triumphs? He gives no evi-
George D. Smith paid $440 for a first edition of
dence of elation, much less of surprise. His
Roger Ascham's “Toxophilus, the schole of Shoot-
formula for success is simplicity itself, as he inge conteyned in two books," London, 1545, in
admits in the case of one of his most popular black leather, in binding by Riviere, the Frederick
magazines. It is to establish an honorable monop- R. Halsey copy, not in the Hoe, Huth, or McKee
oly of "the luminous figure of every man or
collections. James F. Drake gave $360 for the
woman in the world who has attained the apex
same author's “Schole Master, or plaine and perfite
of artistic achievement. . . The singers and the
way of teaching children,” London, 1570, first edi-
poets and the philosophers, the dreamers and
tion, in binding by Riviere. Giovanni Boccaccio's
"De Cameron,” London, 1620, first edition in Eng-
the doers who have reached the mountain
lish, in binding by Riviere, went to Mr. Smith for
height. The goodly company of rare spirits $525. "Barnabees Journal," by Richard Brath-
whom all the world recognizes for their rarity." waite, London, 1638, first edition, in binding by
To make the best also the most popular is a prob- F. Bedford, the Beverly Chew copy, went to Mr.
lem that has worried sociologists, but it does not Drake for $400. He also bought for $456 "The
worry Mr. Hearst. His simple, democratic faith Crown of all Homer's Works Batrachomyomachia,
allows him to reverse the formula and establish
or the Battaile of Frogs and Mise. His Hymns
and Epigrams," translated by George Chapman,
popularity as the true criterion of the best.
folio, first edition, London, 1624, in binding by
Riviere, the Halsey copy. Gabriel Wells obtained
for $475 “The Workes of Geffray Chaucer,” Lon-
THE FEAR OF LIBRARIES is becoming one of
don, 1532, the first collected edition of Chaucer's
the commonest forms of modern neurosis. Even
"Works," and the only book with a date issued by
casual readers are likely to have a touch of it, Thomas Godfrey, the Beverly Chew copy.
though it may amount to nothing more than an
"Thomas Churchyard's Challenge," London,
occasional shudder in the presence of mountain-
1593, first edition, the Utterson-Frederick Locker-
ous heaps of books which they have never read Beverly Chew copy, was knocked down to Mr.
and never hope to read. After wandering for Drake for $560. Mr. Smith paid $680 for Abraham
half an hour among the stacks, they will be Cowley's “Poetical Blossomes," London, 1633, first
seized by paralysis of the will and rush into the edition of Cowley's first production, in binding by
open air_to escape the necessity of making a Riviere, the Beverly Chew copy. "A Pretie New
choice. But the chief sufferer is the specialist,
Enterlude with pithie and pleasaunt of the Story
since he is constantly browbeaten not by books of Kyng Daryus," London, 1565, first edition, only
alone, but by magazines and reviews as well. five copies known, the Devonshire copy, was bought
His learning may be prodigious; he may have ab- for $525 by the Rosenbach Company, of Philadel-
sorbed whole libraries; but if he has missed the
phia. Mr. Drake gave $310 for "The Scourge of
Folly," by John Davies of Hereford, London, 1610,
newest pamphlet or overlooked the latest book-
first edition, in binding by Riviere, containing ref-
review, he is no longer abreast of his subject.
It is a fear capable of robbing him of all courage
erences to Shakespeare. The same bidder paid
$305 for “The Famous History of Sir Thomas
and peace of mind, and the resulting irritation is
Wyat," by Thomas Dekker, London, 1607, first
likely to disturb the peace of his family. The re-
edition, the Henry Huth copy; $390 for the same
volt of the futurists and the vorticists is partly
author's “Aroia-Nova Triumphans,” London, 1612,
an attempt to escape from the neurosis of
first edition; and $300 for "Godfrey of Bulloigne,"
libraries and museums and to vindicate the right translated by Edward Fairfax, London, 1600, the
to life and the pursuit of happiness of even an first English edition, in binding by Gruel.
ignorant ego. It is a reaching out for liberty, Walter M. Hill, of Chicago, obtained for $290
and however grotesque the means may seem,
the Sir Geoffrey Fenton's "Certaine Tragicall Dis-
impulse itself is sacred.
courses written oute of Frenche and Latin," Lon-


650
[December 20
THE DIAL
“AT MCCLURG’S”
It is of interest and importance
to Librarians to know that the
books reviewed and advertised
in this magazine can be par-
chased from us at advantageous
prices by
Public Libraries, Schools,
Colleges and Universities
In addition to these books we
have an exceptionally large
stock of the books of all pub-
lishers - a more complete as-
sortment than can be found on
the shelves of any other book-
store in the entire country. We
solicit correspondence from
librarians unacquainted with
our facilities.
LIBRARY DEPARTMENT
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago
don, 1567, first edition, in binding by Riviere. “A
Pleasant Conceyted Comedie of George a Greene,
the Pinner of Wakefield,” by Robert Greene, Lon-
don, 1599, first edition, the Henry Huth copy and
apparently the only copy recorded as being sold at
auction here and in Great Britain, went to the
Rosenbach Company for $710. Mr. Smith paid
$410 for the first edition of “The Temple,”_by
George Herbert, Cambridge, 1633; $500 for "The
Spider and the Flie," by John Heywood, London,
1556, first edition; and $300 for the “Woorkes of
John Heywood," London, 1563, first edition, in
binding by Stikeman. Mr. Drake gave $370 for
"Seianus, his Fall," by Ben Jonson, London, 1605,
the Robert Hoe copy. Mr. Smith obtained for
$500 the same author's "Chloridia. Rites to
Chloris and her Nymphs,” London, 1630, first
edition.
“The Massacre at Paris,” by Christopher Mar-
lowe, London, no date, first edition, the Devonshire
copy, with autograph inscription by John Philip
Kemble, the actor, went to Mr. Drake for $525.
Mr. Smith paid $450 for "An Excellent Tragedy,"
by John Mason, London, 1632, and $2750 for the
first edition of John Milton's "Lycidas," Canta-
brigia, 1638, the Brayton Ives-Lefferts-Halsey copy.
The Rosenbach Company gave $375 for the first
edition of “The Downfall and Death of Robert,
Earle of Huntington, afterward call Robin Hood,"
London, 1601, the Huth copy. Mr. Smith obtained
for $360 “The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia,"
by Sir Philip Sidney, London, 1593. “The Faerie
Queene,” by Edmund Spenser, first edition, London,
1596, went to Ernest Dressel North for $975. Mr.
Drake paid $430 for Edmund Spenser's “Fowre
Hymnes,” London, 1596. "Songs and Sonnets," by
Henry Howard, Earle of Surrey, London, 1585,
went to Mr. Smith for $625. Mr. Drake obtained
for $525 “The Rocke of Regard," by George Whet-
stone, London, 1576. The highest price of the day,
$3450, was paid by the Rosenbach Company for
"A Refutation of Deism, in a dialogue,” London,
1814, the first edition of the rarest of Percy Bysshe
Shelley's writings.
The afternoon session brought $25,403 and the
evening session $20,227.50, a grand total of
$45,680.50. Americana from Mr. Huntington's
library was sold on December 11.
A sale of Americana by Charles F. Heartman,
36 Lexington Avenue, New York, on November
30, brought a total of $3136.25. The highest price,
$305, was paid by J. Goldsmith for a manuscript
of two_pages, folio, New York, May, 1822, by
Philip Freneau, about a new, correct and elegant
edition of his “Poems and Miscellanies," three oc-
tavo volumes, at three dollars. This edition for
some reason was never brought out. Mr. Gold-
smith also gave $220 for a three-page letter by
Freneau, dated May 15, 1815, and $180 for an-
other letter dated May 14, 1822. It is said that no
autograph letter by Freneau has appeared before
in the auction market, and that only two private
sales of a letter by him are known. Both of the
present letters refer to an edition of his poems.
In one he mentions Thomas Paine, Dr. Hosack,
and other notable persons of the day, satirizes the
PRESIDENT WILSON
in' a recent address described the Bagdad Rail-
way project as “The Heart of the Matter."
THE WAR AND
THE BAGDAD RAILWAY
The Story of Asia Minor and
Its Relation to the Present Conflict
By MORRIS JASTROW, Jr., Ph.D., LL.D.
14 illustrations and a map.
Cloth, $1.50 net.
This is a Different Kind of War Book
This is a different kind of war book but one of
the utmost importance by an authority on Eastern
civilization. Professor Jastrow takes up a subject
that has not been covered in the war literature of
today. The story of the Bagdad Highway is roman-
tic and fascinating. The possession of it has always
determined the fate of the East. Europe is fighting
for its control today just as the Persians, Romans,
Greeks, Arabs, and Turks fought for it in the past.
To understand its importance and the relation it
bears to our civilization is to understand one of the
underlying causes of the war, and one to which the
utmost consideration must be given at the Peace
Settlement. Professor Jastrow's prophetic look into
the future will be of intense interest to serious stu-
dents of the problems of the war. No less important
and thrilling is the story of Asia Minor, here told
in the author's lucid style from ancient days to our
time. The history of the region illuminates the
world wide significance of the railway. The care-
fully selected illustrations are a feature, as is also
the comprehensive map of the Near East, in which
both the ancient and modern names of the important
places are indicated.
AT ALL BOOKSTORES
J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY
PUBLISHERS
PHILADELPHIA
1


1917]
651
THE DIAL
society of New York and refers to a poem on the
repulse of the British at New Orleans. “The Pro-
posals for a Monmouth Newspaper
Francis Thompson
The
Monmouth Gazette... New York, Febru-
Essays by BENJAMIN FISHER
ary 15, 1791, Philip Freneau," one page, large folio,
"A work of real art and merit."
went to Curtis Walters for $140. It is the only With portraits and biographical sketches of Francis
copy known. The newspaper was not brought out. Thompson and the Author. 12 mo, cloth, gilt; $1.00 net
Library sets, first editions, colored plate books,
Life Harmonies
sporting books, prints, and original drawings by
John Leech and Thomas Rowlandson from the
Selected poems by BENJAMIN FISHER
library of the late James Buchanan Brady, widely
Author of Francis Thompson Essays.
“Lyrics and nature poems of purity and power."
known as “Diamond Jim Brady,” and from other
12 mo, cloth, gilt, $1.00 net.
sources, sold at the American Art Galleries, New
York, on December 6 and 7, brought a grand total
FRANKLIN PUBLISHING COMPANY
of $28,051.50. There were three sessions and 613
CANTON, OHIO
lots. The highest price was $725, paid by Gabriel
Wells for "Čuvres Completes" of Voltaire, with
both sets of the celebrated plates by Moreau, Paris, JUST ISSUED
1785-89, and other works about Voltaire (75 vol-
umes in all), in binding by Bozerian Jeune, and
by the General Education Board
extra-illustrated by the insertion of fine plates after
Gravelot.
“Latin and the A. B. Degree"
Mr. Wells paid $120 for "Sporting Sketches"
By Charles W. Eliot
with colored plates by Henry Alken, London, 1817-
18. L. Wilmerding gave $440 for "The National
“The Worth of Ancient Litera-
Sports of Great Britain,” with colored plates by
Alken, London, 1821. George D. Smith obtained ture to the Modern World”
for $180 the "Melton Mowbray Hunt," with col-
ored plates by Alken, London, 1822. Curtis Wal-
By Viscount Bryce
ters bought for $490 “The Annals of Sporting and
Copies of these papers may be obtained by
Fancy Gazette," colored plates by Alken, London,
addressing the General Education Board,
1822-28. "A Melange of Humor," 1823-24, with
61 Broadway, New York City
colored plates by Alken, went to Mr. Wells for
$100. He also bought for $105 six original draw-
ings in pencil and water colors by the same artist.
The same bidder obtained for $210 the “Beaux Where to Sell Manuscripts
Arts Classics," Paris, undated, printed throughout
on Japanese vellum paper and limited to twenty
By W. L. Gordon
copies. Charles Scribner's Sons gave $135 for Book gives names, ad-
"Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux," by M. de Buffon, dresses and wants of over
Paris, 1780-86. They also paid $175 for the orig- one hundred publishers buy-
inal edition of Richard F. Burton's translation of
ing short stories, serials,
the "Arabian Nights,” printed by the Kamashastra poems, special articles, etc.
Society. The Denver, Colorado, reissue of this
Invaluable to every aspir-
ing author. Write for full
work went to Mr. Wells for $180. He also paid
descriptive circular.
$150 for "Military Uniform, adopted by the Royal
Army of Sweden,” by Baron Frederick Eben, Lon-
THE STANDARD
PUBLISHING COMPANY
don, 1808.
Desk 38, Cincinnati, O.
Stan V. Henkels held an interesting sale of auto-
graphs on November 28, at 1304 Walnut Street,
Philadelphia. P. F. Madigan paid $30 for a letter by
John Adams, Paris, April 13, 1785, to Elbridge Gerry
about the choice of American Ministers abroad.
A letter by Samuel Adams, Boston, March 13, 1774,
(LEMCKE & BUECHNER, Agents)
to Elbridge Gerry about the riots at Marblehead,
brought $72.50. A letter by Charles Carroll, of New Catalogue of Meritorious Books
Carrollton, April 6, 1797, about the financial con-
Now Ready
dition of Robert Morris and James Wilson, went
AMERICAN BOOKS OF ALL PUBLISHERS sent to
for $21. A letter by Benjamin Franklin, July 22,
any address, here or abroad
1778, to James Lovell, brought $110. A letter by
DIRECT IMPORTATION FROM ALL ALLIED AND
John Hancock, June 29, 1775, to Elbridge Gerry,
NEUTRAL COUNTRIES
sold for $32, and a letter by Benjamin Harrison,
one of the signers of the Declaration of Indepen-
LEMCKE & BUECHNER (Established 1848)
dence, went for $21. A letter by Joseph Hewes,
30-32 W. 27th Street, New York
April 21, 1777, to George Hooper, went for $300.

WHERE TO SELL
MANUSCRIPTS
WL.Gordon
9)
Columbia University Press


652
[December 20
THE DIAL
NOTES AND NEWS
F. M. HOLLY Author' and Publisher'
Representativo
156 Fifth Avonio, New York (Established 1905)
LIBJ AND FULL APORILLATION VILL BB SENT ON REQUEST
The index to the current volume is now ready
and will be sent post paid to those readers who
wish to receive it, provided they will send in their
request within thirty days. This index is included
in the library copies of The Dial, but it is the
publisher's impression that few others will be
interested in receiving an index and he feels justified
in saving white paper under existing conditions.
THE NEW YORK BUREAU OF REVISION
Thirty-seventh Year. LETTERS OF CRITICISM, EXPERT
REVISION OF MSS. Advice as to publication. Address
DR. TITUS M. COAN, 424 W. 119th St., New York City
ANNA PARMLY PARET
291 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK
After many years of editorial experience with Harper & Brothers,
Miss Paret offers to criticise and revise manuscripts for writers.
Fees reasonable. Termas sent on application.
Contributors to the present issue:
Richard Offner has had the advantage of close
association with the work of Bernhard Berenson.
He is at present giving courses on the history of art
at the University of Chicago.
Amy Wellington is a young New York critic and
journalist who was formerly on the staff of “Cur-
rent Opinion.”
Rose Henderson is a resident of Silver City,
New Mexico.
Louis Untermeyer is known as a writer both of
verse and criticism. He is the author of "The
Younger Quire," "First Love," and "Challenge."
Helen Gardner is a lecturer on art at the Uni-
versity of Chicago.
Among Vida D. Scudder's numerous works are
“Socialism and Character," "A Listener in Babel,”
and "Social Ideals in English Letters.”
B. I. Kinne is a member of the department of
Romance Languages at the University of Wis-
consin.
A CATALOGUE of books and pamphlets relating to the Civil
War, Slavery and the South (including a number of scarce
Confederate items) will be sent to collectors on request.
W. A. GOUGH, 25 WEST 420 STREET, NEW YORK
"
“From Bull Run to Appomattox-A Boy's View
Luther W. Hopkins, Author and Publisher, Baltimore, Md.
Third Edition. $1.35, incl. postage. Special Rates to Schools
and Libraries. A Soldier's reminiscence of his experience
in the Confederate Cavalry under Gen'l J. E. B. Stuart.
Endorsed by the American Library Association.
"It is vivid and interesting. Its value is indisputable."
The late Chas. Francis Adams, of Boston.
“I wish every boy of the South could read it."
Chas. W. Hubner, of Carnegie Library Staff, Atlanta, Ga.
-
For the Book Lover Rare books - First edi-
. now out
C. Gerhardt, 25 W. 420 St., New York logue sent on request.
of print. Latest Cata-
new
THE BAKER & TAYLOR CO.
announce their
NEW CLEARANCE CATALOGUE
1918 Edition
Showing their greatly
reduced prices on
hundreds of books of
all kinds, including
many of recent issue.
SENT ON REQUEST
THE BAKER & TAYLOR CO.
Wholesale Dealers in the
Books of All Publishers
354 Fourth Ave. NEW YORK
At Twenty-Sixth Street
Appletons have just published a community
masque from the pen of Percy Mackaye entitled
“The Evergreen Tree.”
Little, Brown & Company announce that Marga-
ret Sherwood's novel of the war, “The Worn Door-
step,” has now reached its fifteenth printing.
Joseph Pennell's pictures of war work, which are
now touring the American art galleries, will shortly
be published by the J. B. Lippincott Company.
The Brick Row Bookshop of New Haven has
just issued an attractive little catalogue containing
à selected list of first editions of contemporary
writers.
Messrs. Frederick A. Stokes and Company
announce for early January publication a
novel by Gertrude Atherton entitled “The White
Morning," and also a novel by Flora A. Steel enti-
tled “Mistress of Men.” Other publications will
include Cathal O'Byrne's "The Grey Feet of the
Wind.”
“The Book of the West Indies," by Hyatt Ver-
rill, which Messrs. E. P. Dutton have just brought
out, offers rather a complete guide to a section of
the Western Hemisphere which the author feels is
too little appreciated by Americans. The book is
the result of several years' residence and explora-
tion in the islands.
The John C. Winston Company, of Philadelphia,
announces that it will enter the school-book field
on the first of January. For several years this com-
pany has been preparing a series of text-books under
the editorship of Dr. William Dodge Lewis, prin-
cipal of the William Penn High School, of Phila-
>
The Mosher Books
“At the outset (1891) I wanted to make only
a few beautiful books."
I am still making beautiful books as my 1917 List will show.
This new and revised Catalogue is now ready and will be
sent free on request.
THOMAS BIRD MOSHER - PORTLAND, MAINE


1917]
653
THE DIAL
The Brick Row Book Shop
New Haven, Connecticut
carries a most representative stock of first
editions of modern authors.
We supply "firsts" of Henry James, George
Moore, Robert Louis Stevenson, Rudyard
Kipling, H. G. Wells, Jobn Galsworthy, as
well as the works of the minor poets-Eng-
lish, Irish, and American. Catalogues and
quotations upon request.
AMERICANA
New Catalogue of 1000 titles, covering a large
variety of subjects-mostly of rare books-in-
cluding THE WEST, INDIANS, REVOLU-
TION, COLONIAL HOUSES and many other
interesting topics. Sent free.
GOODSPEED'S BOOKSHOP
BOSTON, MASS.
delphia. James G. Stradling, for many years con-
nected with The American Book Company, will be
the Sales Manager of this new Educational Depart-
ment. Among the publications announced for Janu-
ary first are: A Series of Readers, by Sidney G.
Firman and Ethel H. Maltby; The Young Ameri-
can Readers, by Jane Eayre Fryer; A Series of
Community Civics, including "Our Community,"
by Samuel H. Ziegler; “Our Neighborhood," by
John F. Smith; "Citizenship in Philadelphia," by
Dr. J. Lynn Barnard.
Two books of interest to those who have visited
the Orient are Alfred M. Hitchcock's "Over Japan
Way” and Alice Tisdale's “Pioneering Where the
World is Old,” both recently from the press of
Henry Holt and Company.
The house in New York in which Ridgely Tor-
rence, author of "Granny Maumee" (Macmillan),
is now living is rich with literary associations. It
was here that William Vaughn Moody lived from
1906 until 1909, and at various times Percy Mac-
kaye, Vachel Lindsay, Edwin Arlington Robinson,
Padraic Colum, and Rabindranath Tagore have
occupied quarters in the same building, which stands
on Waverly Place, just off Washington Square.
Ensign Wilbur Bassett of the United States Navy
is the author of “Wanderships,” which has just been
published by the Open Court Company. In this
volume he has collected many interesting folk-sto-
ries of the sea, with notes upon their origin.
Those interested in the Irish renaissance will wel-
come the news of the establishment in Dublin of
The Talbot Press, which will be devoted entirely
to the publication of the works of Irish writers,
attention being paid to the format. The new press
is under the direction of Mr. W. G. Lyon, who has
chosen as his American adviser Mr. Ernest A.
Boyd. Mr. Lyon writes us that the political unrest
of Ireland seems to have stirred a large amount
of dormant literary ability and that almost daily
manuscripts are being received which are of more
than ordinary merit. Among the titles announced
in their attractive catalogue are: “Appreciations
and Depreciations" by Ernest A. Boyd; "Anglo-
Irish Essays" by John Eglinton; "French Literary
Studies" by Professor T. B. Rudmose-Brown; “Lit-
erature in Ireland" by Thomas MacDonagh;
"Thomas Campion and the Art of Poetry" by
Thomas MacDonagh; "The Constitutional and
Parliamentary History of Ireland till the Union"
by J. G. Swift MacNeill; “Confiscation in Irish
History" by William F. T. Butler; "The Ways of
War” by T. M. Kettle; “Ireland: Its Saints and
Scholars" by J. M. Flood; “A Short History of
Ireland” by Constantia Maxwell; “Secret Springs
of Dublin Song"; "The Poems of John Francis
MacEntee"; "Ireland: A Song of Hope" by Padric
Gregory; "The Dream Physician" by Edward
Martyn; “Plays of Gods and Men" by Lord Dun-
sany; "Spring and Other Plays" by T. C. Murray;
"The Kingdom-Maker” by Seosamh O'Neill;
"Mud and Purple" by Seumas O'Sullivan; "Un-
known Immortals” by Herbert M. Pim; “Waysid-
ers" by Seumas O'Kelly; "The Threshold of Quiet"
by Daniel Corkery; "Her Irish Heritage" by A. M.
P. Smithson.
Autograph Letters of Famous People
Bought and Sold.-Send lists of what you have.
Walter R. Benjamin, 225 Fifth Ave., New York City
Publisher of THE COLLECTOR: A Magazine for
Autograph Collectors. $1.00. Sample free.
IS
f you want first editions, limited edi.
tions, association books-books of
any kind, in fact, address :
DOWNING, Box 1336, Boston Mass.
TATURAL HISTORY, AMERICANA, OLD
PHLETS, PRINTS, AUTOGRAPHS. Send 4c.
stamps for big Catalogs—naming specialty.
FRANKLIN BOOKSHOP (S. N. Rhoads)
920 Walnut Street
Philadelphia, Pa.
AUTOGRAPH LETTERS
FIRST EDITIONS
OUT OF PRINT BOOKS
BOUGHT AND SOLD
CORRESPONDENCE INVITED
CATALOGUES ISSUED
ERNEST DRESSEL NORTH
4 East Tbirty-Ninth Street, New York City


654
(December 20
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
[The following list, containing 60 titles, includes
books received by The Dial since its last issue.]
THE PUBLIC
F
OR Twenty Years The Public has been
fighting on behalf of fundamental
democracy. It is today the most vital
and interesting weekly exponent of con-
structive radicalism. Men like Brand Whit-
lock, Ray Stannard Baker, William Allen
White, William Marion Reedy, and Lin-
coln Steffens, read THE PUBLIC because it
gives them, every week, editorial
ment and information which they find no-
where else.
com-
Some Current Features
Ray Stannard Baker on How America
Should Treat Russian Liberals.
David Starr Jordan on The Future of
Alsace Lorraine.
Louis F. Post: Peace After the War.
BIOGRAPHY.
The Life of John Fiske. By John Spencer Clark.
Illustrated, 2 volumes, 8vo, 533-523 pages.
Houghton Mifflin Co. Boxed. $7.50.
Lord Acton's Correspondence. Edited by J. N.
Figgis and R. V. Laurence. Volume I.
8vo,
324 pages. Longmans, Green & Co. $5.
The Life and Letters of Edward Everett Hale. By
Edward E. Hale, Jr. 2 volumes. With frontis-
pieces. 8vo, 390-442 pages. Little, Brown &
Co. $5.
Life and Letters of Stopford Brooke. By Lawrence
Pearsall Jacks. 2 volumes. 12mo, 718 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. Boxed. $4.75.
William Penn. By John W. Graham. Illustrated,
8vo, 332 pages. Frederick A. Stokes Co. $2.50.
The Little Grandmother of the Russian Revolution.
Reminiscences and letters of Catherine Bresh-
kovsky. Edited by Alice Stone Blackwell.
With frontispiece, 12mo, 348 pages. Little,
Brown & Co. $2.
The Cruise of the Corwin. By John Muir. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 279 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
$2.75.
Extracts from the Journal of Thomas Russell Sulli-
van, 1891-1903. With frontispiece, 12mo, 252
pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $2.
An American Physician in Turkey. By Clarence D.
Ussher. Grace H. Knapp, Collaborating. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 339 pages. Hougton Mifflin Co.
$1.75.
Abigail Adams. By Laura E. Richards. Illustrated,
12mo, 283 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.35.
Love Stories of Court Beauties. By Franzisca,
Baroness von Hedemann. Illustrated, 8vo, 354
pages. George H. Doran Co. $3.
The Private and official Correspondence of General
Benjamin F. Butler. 5 volumes. 8vo, 669-629-
632-625-748 pages. Jessie Ames Marshall. Bos-
ton. Per set, $20.
Founder's Day in War Time. By Sir Adolphus Wil-
liam Ward. 12mo, 55 pages. Longmans, Green
& Co. 50 cts.
The subscription price is only $1 a year-$2
issues for $1 NOW. January 1st the price goes
up to $2. Send in your subscription now, and
save a dollar. If THE PUBLIC doesn't please you
drop us a line and we'll cheerfully refund the
money.
The Public, 122 E. 37th St., New York, N.Y.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
The Editor
is a weekly magazine for writers
It is twenty-two years old. Those who conduct it
like to think of it as a weekly visitor to ambitious
writers, as a visitor who must not be pretentious,
not dull, but friendly and helpful. Recognizing that
writing may be an art, or a trade, or a profession
-what the writer himself makes it-THE EDITOR
tries to tell writers, 80 far as such things may be
taught, how to write stories, articles, verres and
plays, etc. One thing it does, in a way that never
has been equalled, is to bring to the attention of
writers news of all the opportunities to sell their
work. News of current prize competitions is a
weekly feature. Editorials on copyright and authors'
literary property rights are frequent.
P. C. Macfarlane says that THE EDITOR'S lead-
ing articles, which usually are written by Charles
Leonard Moore, are the best essays on writing being
published today.
THE EDITOR has a department devoted to let-
ter in which successful contemporary writers tell
of the genesis, development and writing of certain
of their published stories.
A yearly subscription (62 weekly numbers) costo
$8.00. A four months' trial subscription costs $1.00.
Single copies are 10 cts. each.
Mark Twain's Letters. Edited by Albert Bigelow
Paine. 2 volumes. Illustrated, 12mo, 856
pages. Harper & Bros. $4.
Life and Literature. By Lafcadio Hearn. Edited
by John Erskine. 8vo, 393 pages. Dodd, Mead
& Co. $3.50.
Le Morte d'Arthur of Sir Thomas Malory and its
Sources. By Vida D. Scudder. With frontis-
piece, 8vo, 430 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $3.50.
Legends and Romances of Brittany. By Lewis
Spence. Illustrated, 8vo, 423 pages. Frederick
A. Stokes Co. $3.50.
Days of Discovery. By Bertram Smith, 12mo, 222
pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50.
PUBLIC AFFAIRS, SOCIOLOGY, ECONOMICS, AND
POLITICS.
Socialism and Feminism. By Correa Moylan Walsh.
Vol. 1. The Climax of Civilization. 12mo, 150
pages. $1.25.--Vol. 2. Socialism. 12mo, 178
pages. $1.50.-Vol. 3. Feminism. 12mo, 393
pages. $2.50. Sturgis & Walton Co. Per set,
$4.50.
The Future of the Southern Slavs. By A. H. E.
Taylor. 8vo, 326 pages.
Dodd, Mead & Co. $3.
The Monarchy in Politics. By J. A. Farrer. 8vo,
342 pages.
Dodd, Mead & Co. $3.
The Prison and the Prisoner. Edited by Julia K.
Jaffray. 12mo, 216 pages. Little, Brown & Co.
$2.50.
The War and the Bagdad Railway. By Morris
Jastrow, Jr. Illustrated, 12mo, 160 pages. J.
B. Lippincott Co. $1.50.
In the Wake of the War. By Harold Hodge. 12mo,
226 pages. John Lane Co. $1.50.
Towards Industrial Freedom. By Edward Carpen-
ter.
12mo, 224 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons.
Is War Civilization? By Christopher Nyrop. 12mo,
256 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.25.
THE EDITOR
Box D
Ridgewood, New Jersey


1917]
655
THE DIAL
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The Foundations of National Prosperity. By
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Our Democracy. By James H. Tufts. 12mo, 327
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The Irish Issue and Its American Aspect. By
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85
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History of India. By the late Captain L. J. Trotter.
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New York as an Eighteenth Century Municipality.
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The Fight for the Republic. By B. L. Putnam
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Diplomatic Days. By Edith O'Shaughnessy. Illus-
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Tales of an Old Seaport. By Wilfred Harold Munro.
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History of the Civil War. By James Ford Rhodes.
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The Turkish Empire: Its Growth and Decay. By
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Church and State in England to the Death of
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Suggestions of Modern Science Concerning Educa-
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Adolf Meyer, and William I. Thomas, 12mo,
211 pages.
The Macmillan Co. $1.
Effective Public Speaking. By Joseph A. Mosher.
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First Course in French. By Everett Ward Olm-
stead. Illustrated, 12mo, 332 pages. Henry
Holt & Co.
Ein Anfangsbuch. By Laura B. Crandon. 12mo,
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Sentence and Theme. By C. H. Ward. 12mo, 371
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The Undergraduate and His College. By Frederick
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656
[December 20, 1917
THE DIAL
After-Christmas Gifts to Yourself or Others
Travel and
Description
Elizabeth W. Champney
Romance of Old Japan
The story and legends of the Island Kingdom, by the
author of "Romance of Old Belgium,” “Romance of the
French Chateaux, etc., beautifully illustrated from
paintings, drawings, photographs.
8º. 90 Illustrations. $8.50
In Canada's Wonderful Northland
Fascinatingly told, splendidly illustrated story of an
adventurous trip in the almost unknown Hudson Bay
country.
8º. 56 IUustrations. 5 maps. $2.60
W. Tees Curran and
H. A. Calkins
Biography
Mrs. Disney Lelth
Algernon Charles Swinburne
The poet's earlier life, by his intimate friend and
cousin, with hitherto unpublished letters.
8º. 8 Nuustrations. $2.00
W. Cabell Bruce
Benjamin Franklin Self-Revealed
An important portrait of the great American, taken
from his own writings and acts.
8º. Two volumes. Portraits. $6.00
St. Nicholas, His Legend and His Role
Elements in the life story of the Saint, in the Christ.
mas celebration and other popular customs, with many
reproductions from the old masters.
8º. 23 IUustrations. $2.00
George H. McKnight
History
"Billy" Sunday
Great Love Stories of the Bible
The first book written by the great evangelist, and in
his original and inimitable style.
12°. 8 Ilustrations. $1.50
Literature
Cambridge History of
American Literature
Art
Arthur Byne and
Mildred Stapley
Young Folks
Rose Strong Hubbell
Volume one, of an immensely important work, to be
in three volumes, edited by well known scholars. Volume
one contains material covering the Colonial and Revo-
lutionary literature. Similar in scope to the Cambridge
History of English Literature. Send for circular.
8º. Volume one, now ready. $3.50
Spanish Architecture
The first work on the beautiful Renaissance archi-
tecture of Spain. Practical for the architect, invaluable
to the traveller.
Large 8°. 80 Plates. 140 Text illus. $7.50
If I Could Fly
A dainty volume of whimsical verse for little folks,
beautifully illustrated in color by Harold Gaze.
8º. 5 Illustrations. $2.00
Chocolate Cake and Black Sand
Three plays for children, which have already been
tried out, and found to be well adapted for child-acting.
8º. 16 Illustrations. $1.50
At Vesper Time
Basil King says: "This verse is like the low, grave,
spiritual note of the hermit thrush."
12º. $1.25
Samuel M. Cauldwell
Poetry
Ruth Baldwin Chenery
ܪ
C. Arthur Coan
Caroline E. Prontiss
The Fragrant Note Book
The literature of flowers and gardens, both prose and
poetry, has been drawn upon in these pleasant and
distinctive essays.
Large 8º. Decorations, $2.50
Love and Laughter
Impassioned in expression and graceful in meter,
these poems sing the wonder and beauty of created
things.
19º. $1.50
English Folk Songs
Collected in the Southern Appalachians from the de-
scendants of the hardy adventurers who came from Eng.
land and settled there, more than 200 years ago.
Large 8°. 122 songs. 828 tunes. $8.50
Olive Dame Campbell
and Cecil J. Sharp
At All Booksellers
NEW YORK
2 West 45th Street
Just West of 5th Ave.
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
LONDON
24 Bedford Street
Strand
PRESS OF THE BLAKELY-OSWALD PRINTING CO., CHICAGO.


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D48
544050
163
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June
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1987-150
35
Ja 18 Rocuinea
No21'90
Dec 94 Klima
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Jul 18'45
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Creaded
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UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
78 013 691