418 SEVEN DAYS' BOOK. BP 304.) BP304.) Bd. fully, 1891 VE SCLESI ONVN Harvard College Library FROM THE BEQUEST OF JOHN AMORY LOWELL, (Class of 1815). This fund is $20,000, and of its income three quarters shall be spent for books and one quarter be added to the principal. 5 May, 1890-9 Apr. 1891 O a todo 2. THE DIAL A Montbly Journal of CURRENT LITERATURE VOLUME XI. MAY, 1890, TO APRIL, 1891. CHICAGO: A. C. MCCLURG & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. 1891. FIL 170 BP 304,1 1890, 12:- 1891, il INDEX TO VOLUME XI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 . . . . . · . AMERICA, PREHISTORIC . . . . . . . . . . . . James 0. Pierce . . . . . . 377 AMERICA, THE MAKERS OF . . . . . . . . . . Andrew C. McLaughlin . . . 342 AMERICAN LITERATURE, A LIBRARY OF ... Horatio N. Powers . . . . . 181 AUTHORSHIP, THE ART OF . . . . . . . . . . . Melville B. Anderson . . . . 85 AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A FAMOUS ACTOR . . James B. Runnion ... Bacon's EssAYS, ANDERSON'S EDITION OF . . . . . . Albert S. Cook . . . . . . 290 BRYANT, WILLIAM CULLEN . . . . . . . . . . Oliver Farrar Emerson . . . 31 CHESTERFIELD'S LETTERS TO His GODSON . . . . . . Eduard Gilpin Johnson . . . 61 CONSTITUTIONS AND INSTITUTIONS . . . . . . . . James (). Pierce . . . . DARK CONTINENT, THE DARK PROBLEM OF THE ... James F. Claflin . . . . . . 117 DARWIN, CHARLES, JOURNAL OF . . . . . . . . . Anna B. McMahan ... DE QUINCEY, MAsson's EDITION OF . . . . . . . Melville B. Anderson . . . DICTIONARY OF NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY, THE. . . . . Edward Gilpin Johnson ... 5 EARTH-ARTIFICERS, Two . . . . . . . . . . . Selim H. Peabody . . . . . 148 ELECTRICITY, MODERN USES OF . . . . . H. S. Carhart . . . . . ENGLISH LITERATURE, STUDIES IN . . . . . . . . Oliver Farrur Emerson . . . 309 ERDMANN'S HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY . . . . . . . William M. Salter . . . . . 344 Essays, NEW AND OLD . . . . . . .. .. Juma B. McMahan . . . . . 150 EVOLUTION, RECENT BOOKS ON . . . . . . . . . Annu B. McMuhun . . . . 7 Fiction, RECENT Books of .......... William Morton Payne 12, 92, 239 GEORGES, THE FOUR . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. W. French . . . . . . . 64 GERMAN EMPIRE, FOUNDING OF THE . . . . . . . Charles H. Cooper . . . . . 288 GREEK DRAMATISTS, ODES FROM THE ... . . M. L. D'Ooge . . . . HEMENWAY, FRANCIS DANA . . . . . . . . . . Minerra B. Norton . . . . . 350 HISTORIC MYTHS, THE PERSISTENCE OF .. . : W. F. Poole . . .. IBSEN, HENRIK, THE LIFE OF · · · . . I. E. Simonuls . .. INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT A FACT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354 - INTERNATIONAL" WEBSTER, THE NEW . . . . . . Melville B. Anderson . . . . 189 Irish PARLIAMENT, THE CLOSING YEARS OF THE ... William Eliot Furness . . . JEFFERSON, THOMAS, THE STATESMANSHIP OF .. .. Henry W'. Thurston . . . . 33 LOWELL FOR POSTERITY . . . . . . . . . . . Melville B. Anderson . . . . 285 MADISON AND COMMERCIAL RESTRICTION . . . . . . Henry W'. Thurston . . . . . 307 MILNES, RICHARD M., LIFE, LETTERS, AND FRIENDSHIPS OF Edward Gilpin Johnson . . . MODERN ROMAN, A . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. J. Halsey . . . . . 111 New ENGLAND, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL HISTORY OF . . W. F. Poole · · · · NEWMAN, CARDINAL, THE LIFE AND LETTERS OF ... William M. Lawrence . . . . NORUMBEGA, PROBLEM OF THE NORTHMEN AND SITE OF . Julius E. Olson .... "OLD COUNTRY LIFE” . . . . . . . . . . . . Genevieve Grant . . . OLD ENGLAND, A Good Old Book ON . . . . . . Minerva B. Norton . .. PATER'S “ APPRECIATIONS”. . . . . . . . . . . C. 4. L. Richards . . . . . PHILOSOPHY OF THE FUTURE, THE . . . . . . . . Anna B. McMahan . . . . . 36 . . . · . . . . . · . . . · . 143 146 . . · . . . · . . . . . 346 . . 339 . 279 . . . . . . . INDEX. · · · · 182 · ----------- ------- POETRY, RECENT Books of ......William Morton Payne . . 67, 312 POWERS, DR. H. N., DEATH OF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 PRIMITIVE FAMILY, THE . . . . . . . . . . . J. J. Halsey . . . . . . 9 QUEENS, WITS, AND BEAUX OF Society ... ... Octave Thanet .. .. RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY, NOTABLE DISCUSSIONS OF John Bascom . . . . . . RELIGIOUS LEADERS, Two . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. J. Halsey . . . . . . . 87 RENAISSANCE, THE CIVILIZATION OF THE . . . . . . Henrietta Schuyler Gardiner . . 192 RUSSIA, NEW VIEWS OF . . . . . . . . . . . . Aubertine Woodward Moore . . 115 SCOTT, WALTER, JOURNAL OF . . . . . . . . . . Martin W. Sampson . . . . 231 STANLEY AND HIS WORK IN AFRICA . . . . . . . Minerva B. Norton . . . . . 234 TRAVEL AND ADVENTURE, NEW BOOKS OF . . . . . Edward Gilpin Johnson . . . 185 “ Two YEARS BEFORE THE MAST,” THE SEQUEL OF Edward Playfair Anderson ... 379 WALPOLE, HORACE, THE LETTERS OF . . . . . . . Octave Thanet . . . . . . 66 WINCHELL, DR. ALEXANDER, DEATH OF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 WINELAND, THE FINDING OF . . . . . . . . . . Julius E. Olson . . . . . . 371 World's FAIR, THE, AND INTELLECTUAL PROGRESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 AUTHORS AND TITLES OF BOOKS REVIEWED. 36 31 153 14 253 252 9 70 Abbot, Francis Ellingwood. The Way Out of Benet, S. Elgar. Summer Thoughts for Yule Agnosticism . Tide . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Abbott, Mary. The Beverleys . . . . . . 242 Besant, Walter. Captain Cook . ..... 42 Abbot, Willis J. Battlefields and Campfires. 254 | Bigelow, John. William Cullen Bryant . . . Acton, Mrs. Adam. Rosebud . . . . . . 255 Black, William. Prince Fortunatus . . . . 14 Adams, Charles Francis. Richard Henry Dana 379 Blackmar, Frank W. The Spanish Colonization Adams, Henry. The Administrations of James in the Southwest . . . . . . . . . Madison . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Blackmore, R. D. Kit and Kitty . . . . . Adams, Henry. The Adininistrations of Thomas Blackmore, R. D. Lorna Doone . . . . . 248 Jefferson . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Blake, Mary Elizabeth. Verses Along the way 315 Adams, Mrs. A. W. Rhymes for Little Readers 252 Bouvet, Marguerite. Sweet Williain . . . . Adams, Myron. The Continuous Creation . . Boyesen, H. H. Against Heavy Odds ... Adams, Oscar Fay. The Poet's Year . . . . 248 | Bradley, Charles F. The Life of Francis Dana Alger, Horatio, Jr. Struggling Upward ... 254 Hemenway . . . . . . . . . . . 350 Allen, Grant. Wednesday, the Tenth ..251 Breton, Jules. The Life of an Artist : An Auto- Allen, William F. Short History of the Roman biography . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 People . . . . . . . . . . . Brinton, Daniel G. Essays of an Americanist. 40 Allen, Willis Boyd. The Lion City of Africa. 255 Brontë, Emily. Jane Eyre ....... 247 Anderson, Melville B. The Essays or Counsels Brown, John Mason. The Political Beginnings of Francis Bacon . . . . . . . . . 290 of Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . Anstey, F. Voces Populi . . . . . . . . Brown, Robert. The Adventures of Thomas Arnold, Matthew, Poetical Works of . . . . 317 Pellow . . . ; . : Ashton, John. Curious Creatures in Zoölogy. Browne, William Hand. George and Cecilius Austin, Jane G. Standish of Standish . . . . Calvert . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 Austin, Stella. Paul and His Friend . . . . 253 Browning Memorial . . . . . . . . . . Babcock, W. H. The Two Lost Centuries of Browning, Selections from the Poetical Works of 317 Britain . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354 Bruce, Henry. Life of General Oglethorpe .. Baconian Facts . . . . . . . . . . . Brush, Christine Champlin. One Summer's Les- Bainton, George. The Art of Authorship.. 85 sons in Practical Perspective . . . . . 252 Balch, Elizabeth. Glimpses of Old English Burckhardt, Jacob. The Civilization of the Ren- Homes. aissance in Italy . . . . . . . . . 192 Balch, F. H. The Bridge of the Gods ... 242 Butler, Sir William. Sir Charles Napier ... Ball, Sir Robert S. Star-Land . . . . . . 43 Butterworth, Hezekiah. Ziz-Zag Journeys in the Baring-Gould, S. Old Country Life . . . . 38 Great Northwest . . . . . . . . . 255 Bates, Arlo. Albrecht . . . . . . . . . 13 | Bynner, Edwin Lassetter. The Begum's Daugh- Bazán, Emilia Pardo. Russia : Its People and ter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Its Literature . . . . . . . . . 116 | Calendars for 1891 , . . . . . . . . . 250 . 154 249 189 249 12 41 314 321 ,. . . 248 194 INDEX. 187 243 254 254 16 24 --- ----- -- -------- ------------ - - - - - - - ---- - - -- - -- Carnarvon, Earl of. Letters of Philip Dormer Ellis, Edward S. The Cabin in the Clearing . 255 to His Godson . . . . . . . . . . 61 Ellwanger, George H. The Story of My House 321 Castlemon, Harry. Rodney the Partisan . . 254 English Poems . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Catherwood, Mary Hartwell. The Story of Tonty 12 | Evolution: Popular Lectures before the Brooklyn Century Dictionary, Volumes III. and IV. . 95, 292 Ethical Association . . . . . . . . . Century Magazine, Volume XXXIX. . , 43 Farrar, Canon. Eric . . . . . . . . . 251 Champney, Elizabeth W. Three Vassar Girls Farrington, Margaret Vere. Fra Lippo Lippi · 247 in Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . 255 Field, Henry M. Bright Skies and Dark Shad- Chester, E. Girls and Women . . . . . . 121 ows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Chichester, H. Manners. Memoirs of the Mil Finck, Henry T. The Pacific Coast Scenic Tour 186 itary Career of John Shipp. . . . . . 189 Finley, Martha. Elsie Yachting . . . . . 252 Clark, Susie G. The Round Trip ..., Fisher, George Park. The Nature and Method Clarke, Richard F. Cardinal Lavigerie and the of Revelation . . . . . . . . . . . 183 African Slave Trade . . . . . . . . 117 Flammarion, Camille. Urania . . . . . 249 Coffin, C. C. Freedom Triumphant ... Forbes, Archibald. Havelock . 97 Collins, F. Howard. An Epitome of the Syn- Frances, Laurence H. Through Thick and Thin 255 thetic Philosophy . . . . . . . . ... Franzos, Karl Emil. The Chief Justice .... Conder, R. E. Palestine . . . . . . Frederic, Harold. In the Valley . . . . . 239 Cone, Helen Gray, and Humphrey, Maud. Baby Frederic, Harold. The Lawton Girl. 93 Sweethearts . . . . . . . . . . . Frémont, Jessie Benton. Far-West Sketches. 187 Cone, Helen Gray, and Humphrey, Maud. Tiny Fuller, Mabel Louise. In Poppy Land . . . Toddlers . . . . . . . . . . . . Garnett, James M. Selections in English Prose 310 Cook, Joel. An Eastern Tour at Home. . . 187 Garnett, Richard. Life of John Milton . . Coppée, François. Disillusion . . . . . . 250 | Gaspé, Philippe Aubert de. The Canadians of Cox, Palmer. Another Brownie Book . ... 254 Old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 Cranch, Christopher Pearse. The Bird and the Gautier, Léon. Chivalry . . . . . . . . 255 Bell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Gayley, Charles Mills, and Scott, Fred Newton. Crandall, Charles H. Representative Sonnets by A Guide to the Literature of Æsthetics. . 310 American Poets. · 316 Gildersleeve, Basil Lanneau. Essays and Studies 150 Crawford, F. Marion. A Cigarette-Maker's Ro Gladden, Washington. Santa Claus on a Lark. 255 mance . . . . . . . . . . God in His World . . . . . . . . . . 183 Curtin, Jeremiah. Myths and Folk-Lore of Ire Golden Flower Chrysanthemum . . . . . . 247 land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gomme, George Laurence. The Village Com- Curtin, Jeremiah. Myths and Folk-Tales of the munity . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Russians, etc. . . . . . . . . . . 352 Goncourt, E, and J. de. Sister Philomene. . 243 Dana, James D. Character of Volcanoes . . 148 Good Things of Life . . . . . . . . . 249 Dana, James D. Corals and Coral Islands . . 150 Gosse, Edmund. Browning Personalia . . 41 Darwin, Charles. Journal of Researches during Grand Army Picture Book . . . . . . . 254 the Voyage round the World of H. M. S. Gray, E. Conder. Making the Best of Things . 294 Beagle . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Grosse, Theobald. The Humming Top... Daudet, Alphonse. Port Tarascon . . . . . 242 Hale, Edward Everett. The Story of a Dory. 250 Dawson, W.J. The Makers of Modern English 309 Halévy, Ludovic. A Marriage for Love . . . 247 Day's Message, The . . . . . . . . . 249 Harrison, Mrs. Burton. The Anglomaniacs. . 241 De Amicis, Edmondo. Holland and Its People 246 Harte, Bret. A Ward of the Golden Gate .. 241 De Costa, B. F. The Pre-Columbian Discovery Hawthorne. Our Old Home . . . . . . 246 of America . . . . . . . . . . . 371 | Hay, John. Poems . . . . . . . . . . Deland, Margaret. Sidney . . . . . . . 240 Hearn, Lafcadio. Two Years in the French Delano, Aline. The Autobiography of Anton West Indies . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Rubinstein . . . . 155 . . . . . . .. 318 | Henley, W. E. Views and Reviews . . . . Delpit, Albert. As 'Tis in Life . . . . . . 91 Heyse, Paul. The Children of the World . .. 243 De Maupassant, Guy. Modern Ghosts . . .. 213 Higginson, Mrs. S. J. Java : The Pearl of the Dickinson, Emily. Poems . . . . . . . 313 East. . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Dilke, Sir Charles. Problems of Greater Britain 70 Higginson, T. W., and Bigelow, E. H. Amer- Dobson, Austin. Four Frenchwomen . . . . 352 ican Sonnets . . . . . . . . . . . Dobson, Austin. Memoir of Horace Walpole. 2418 Hochschild, Baron. Désirée, Queen of Sweden Dobson, Austin. The Sun Dial . . . . . . 247 and Norway . . . . . . . . . . . 319 Dodge, Theodore A. Alexander . . . . . 293 Hoppin, James M. Old England ..... 89 Drake, Samuel Adams. The Pine Tree Coast. Horsford, Eben Norton. The Discovery of the Du Bois, Constance Goddard. Martha Corey. Ancient City of Norumbega . . . . . . 114 Duncan, Sara Jeannette. A Social Departure. 158 Horsford, Eben Norton. The Problem of the Dunckley, Henry. Lord Melbourne . . . . 353 Northmen . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Earle, John. English Prose. 351 Hough, Williston S. Erdmann's History of Phi- Eaton, Frances. Dollikens and the Miser .. 255 losophy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 Edersheim, Alfred. Jesus the Messiah... 182 Howells, W. D. A Boy's Town . . . . . 250 Eldridge, Mary Lee. Mrs. Muff and Her Friends 252 Howells, W. D. The Shadow of a Dream .. 93 Electricity in Daily Life . . . . . . . . 348 Hoyt, D. L. Handbook of Historic Schools of Eleusis : A Poem . . . . . . . . . 43, 68 Painting . . . . . . . . . . . . Eliot, George. Romola . . . . . . . . 246 | Hughes, Thomas. Tom Brown's School Days : 251 255 316 187 241 · · · 250 Howells, W. D. The si 294 vi. INDEX. 14 254 252 Hugo, Victor. Hans of Iceland . . . . . . 258 Martin, Mrs. Herbert. Little Great Grandmother 251 Hutton, Laurence. Curiosities of the American Masson, David. The Collected Writings of Stage . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 Thomas de Quincey. . . . . . . . 35 Ingersoll, Ernest. Silver Caves . . . . . 253 McCarthy, Justin. A History of the Four Georges, Isaacs, Jorge. María ......... Volumes I. and II. . . . . . . . . . Jacobs, Joseph. English Fairy Tales . . . . 255 McCaskey, J. P. Christmas in Song, Sketch, and Jæger, Henrik. Henrik Ibsen... 146 Story . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 James, E. J. The Federal Constitution of Swit McCosh, James. The Religions Aspect of Evo- zerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 lution . . . . . . . . . . . James, Henry. The Tragic Muse . . . . . 92 Mead, Theodore H. Our Mother Tongue . . 193 Janvier, Thomas A. The Aztec Treasure-House 241 Meredith, Owen. Lucile . . . . . . . . 249 Jefferies, Richard. The Gamekeeper at Home . 320 Mitchell, Donald G. English Lands, Letters, Jefferson, Joseph, The Autobiography of . . . 237 and Kings, ; . . . . . . . . . . 71 Jephson, A. J. Mounteney. Emin Pasha and Mitchell, S. Weir. A Psalm of Deaths... 313 the Rebellion at the Equator . . . . . 235 Molesworth, Mrs. Children of the Castle .. Jerome, Irene E. From an Old Love Letter . 250 Monvel, M. B. de. Good Children and Bad . . 254 Moore, Thomas. Lalla Rookh . . . . . . 250 Public Papers of John Jay, Vol. I. . . . 111 Moore, Thomas. The Epicurean . . . . . 242 Juvenile Periodicals for 1890. . . . . . . Moorhead, Warren K. Wanneta the Sioux . 251 Keltie, J. Scott. The Statesman's Year Book, Morfill, W. R. The Story of Russia. ... 113 1890 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Morley, Henry. English Writers, Volume V. . 194 Keltie, J. Scott. The Story of Emin's Rescue as Morris, Lewis, The Works of . . . . . . 69 Told in Stanley's Letters . . . . . . 15, 236 Morris, William. A Tale of the House of the Kendall, Mrs. Dramatic Opinions . . . . . 40 Wolfings · · · · · · · · · · 67 Khayyám, Omar, Rubaiyát of ...... 317 Mosaic, A . . . . . . 246 King, Charles. Campaigning with Crook .. 293 Moulton, Louise Chandler. Stories Told at Twi- Kipling, Rudyard. Departmental Ditties .. 312 light. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kitchin, Dean Winchester . . . . . . . Mozley, Anne. Letters and Correspondence of Knight, F. H. Leafy Ways . . . . . . . 250 John Henry Newman . . . . . . . . 374 Knox, Thomas W. Boy Travellers in Great Murray, G. G. A. Gobi or Shamo . . . . . 14 Britain and Ireland . . . . . . . . . 253 Nadaillac, Marquis de. Prehistoric America . 379 Knox, Thomas W. Horse Stories ... 255 Newhall, Charles T. The Trees of Northeastern Kopta, F. P. Bohemian Legends and Ballads. 69 America . . . . . . . . . . . . 1994 Korolenko, Vladimir. The Blind Musician. . 120 Newton, William Wilberforce. Dr. Muhlenberg 87 Kraszewski, Joseph Ignatius. The Jew ... 243 Nicholson, Meredith. Short Flights . . . . 314 Ladd, George Trumbull. Introduction to Phi- Ogden, Ruth. A Loyal Little Redcoat... 252 losophy . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohnet, Georges. The Soul of Pierre . . . . 249 Lane-Poole, Stanley Story of the Barbary Cor- Oliphant, Mrs. Royal Edinburgh. . . . . 383 sairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oliver, Pastield. Robert Drury's Journal .. 157 Lang, Andrew. Old Friends . Our Great Actors . . . . . . . . . . 248 Lazarus, Josephine. Love Letters of a Port Owen, Edward T. Notes to French Fiction . . 42 uguese Nun . . . . . . . . . . . 319 Palmer, Lynde. Half-Hours in Story Land . . 255 Lecky, William Edward Hartpole. England in Pasco, Charles Eyre. London of To-day .. 73 the Eighteenth ('entury, Volumes VII. and Pater, Walter. Appreciations . . . . . . 37 VIII. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 Pattison, Mark. Essays . . . . . . . 119 Lee, Alfred E. European Days and Ways . . 187 Peabody, A. P. Harvard Graduates Whom I Lee, Arthur Bolles. "The Microtomist's Vade- Have Known . . . . . . . . . . 96 Mecwn . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 Pellew, George. Jolm Jay . . . . . . . 111 Leger, Louis. A History of Austro-Hungary, 41 Pennypacker, Isaac R. Gettysburg, and other Le Strange, Guy. Palestine under the Moslems 158 Poems . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Litchfield, Grace Denio. Little Venice . . . 254 Perrot, Georges, and Chipiez, Charles. History Little, H. W. Henry M. Stanley . . . . . 236 of Art in Sardinia, etc. . . . . . . . 15.) Lockwood, Ingersoll. Little Giant Boab . . . 254 Perry, Bliss. The Broughton House . . . . 93 Longfellow. Hiawatha . . . . . . . . 246 Perry, Nora. Another Flock of Girls . . . . 251 Loti, Pierre. Rarahu . . . . . . . 243 Plympton, A. G. Dear Daughter Dorothy .. Lowell. The Vision of Sir Launfal . . . . 248 Pollard, Alfred W. Odes from the Greek Dra- Lowell, The Writings of . . . . . . . matists . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 Ludlow, James M. The Captain of the Janiza- Pollard, Josephine, and Sunter, J. Pauline. Two ries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Little Tots . . . . . . . . . Lytton, The Earl of. The Ring of Amasis.. 94 Prentice, George. Wilbur Fisk. ... Mabie, Hamilton Wright. My Study Fire .. 294 Proctor, Edna Dean. A Russian Journey . . 186 Mabie, Hamilton Wright. Our New England . Proctor, Edna Dean. Poems: . . . . . . 316 Machar, Agnes M., and Marquis, Thomas G. Pyle, Howard. The Buccaneers and Marooners Stories of New France. . . . . . . . 17 of America . . . . . . . . . . . Mackay of Uganda . . . . . . . . . . 237 Read, T. B. Sheridan's Ride . . . . . . MacWhorter, Lilla. Dreams of the Sea . . . 249 Reddall, Henry F. Henry M. Stanley . . . 236 Mahaffy, J. P. The Greek World under Roman Reed, Edwin. Bacon vs. Shakespeare . . . . 321 Sway . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 | Reed, Mrs. Elizabeth B. Hindu Literature . . 294 sairs ., :: Old Friends ... Io 72 2.52 285 94 254 89 248 353 248 INDEX. vii. 316 294 247 72 319 96 188 --- - - -- - - - ---- ---------------- - -- - ------ ----- =-=-- Reeve, Charles McCormick. How We Went Stephen, Leslie. Dictionary of National Biography 5 and What We Saw . . . . . . . . . . 384 Sterne, Stuart. Piero da Castiglione . . Reeves, Arthur Middleton. The Finding of Wine Sterrett, J. Macbride. Studies in Hegel's Philos- land the Good . . . . . . . . . . ophy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Reid, T. Wemyss. Life, Letters, and Friend- Stevens, Thomas Scouting for Stanley in East ships of Richard Monckton Milnes . . . . 339 Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Richards, Laura E. Captain January . . . . 253 Stevenson, Robert Louis. Ballads . . . . . 313 Ridolfo-Bolognesi, Pietro. Il Mio Poema ... Stewart, Aubrey. The Tale of Troy . . . . Roberts, A. Sidney. In and Out of Book and Stockton, Frank R. Arilis Claverden . . . . 240 Journal . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Stockton, Frank R. The Great War Syndicate. 13 Robinson, Frank T. The Winds of the Seasons 250 Stoddard, Richard Henry. The Lion's Cub . . 313 Rolfe, William J. Shakespeare's Poems . . . 317 Stoddard, W. (. Chuck Purdy . . . . . ... 251 Ruffini, G. D. Doctor Antonio . . . . . . 242 Stoddard, W. 0. Crowded Out o’ Crofield . . 253 Russell, A. P. In a Club Corner . . . . . 16 Sumner, William Graham. Alexander Hamilton 342 Russell, Clark. Nelson . . . . . . . . 97 Swift, Jonathan. Gulliver's Travels... 320 Ryland, Frederick. Chronological Outlines of Swiss Family Robinson . . 255 English Literature. 310 Sybel, Heinrich von. The Founding of the Ger- Saintsbury, George. Balzac's The Chouans. . man Empire, Volume I. . . . . . . . 288 Saintsbury, George. Mérimée's A Chronicle of Symonds, John Addington. Introduction to the the Reign of Charles IX. ....... 247 Study of Dante . . . . . . . . . . Saint-Amand, Imbert de. Citizeness Bonaparte 196 Tennyson. The Princess . . . . . . . . 249 Saint-Amand, Imbert de. Marie Antoinette and Tenting on the Old Camp Ground . . . . . 250 the End of the Old Régime . . . . . . 156 Thanet, Octave. Expiation . . . . . . . 13 Saint-Amand, Imbert de. Marie Louise and the Thaxter, Celia. My Light House ... 250 Decadence of the Empire . . . . . . . Thayer, William Roscoe. The Best Elizabethan Saint-Amand, Imbert de. The Court of the Em- Plays . . . . . . . . . . . . . press Josephine . . . . . . . . . . 319 Thomas, Edith M. The Inverted Torch . . . 314 Saint-Amand, Imbert de. The Happy Days of Thompson, Daniel Greenleaf. The Philosophy the Empress Marie Louise . . . . . . 121 of Fiction . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 Saint-Amand, Imbert de. The Wife of the First Thompson, Joseph. Mungo Park and the Niger Consul . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Thruston, Gates P. The Antiquities of Tennessee 377 Saltus, Francis S. Shadows and Ideals... 315 Thurston, Robert H. Heat as a Form of Energy 156 Sand, George. The Gallant Lords of Bois Dorée 249 Thus Think and Smoke Tobacco . . . . . 250 Sand, George. The Haunted Pool . . . . . 249 Tiernan, Mary Spear. Jack Horner... 13 Sargent, John F. Reading for the Young.311 Tiffany, Esther B. The Spirit of the Pine .. 250 Savage, Minot J. Helps for Daily Living . . Tiffany, Francis. Life of Dorothea Lynde Dix . 193 Savage, Minot J. The Signs of the Times .. 17 Toland, Mrs. M. B. M. Tisávac of the Yosemite 249 Scheffel, Joseph Victor von. Ekkehard . . . 94 Tramp, Tramp, Tramp . . . . . . . . . 250 Schelling, Felix E. Poetic and Verse Criticism Trelawny, Edward John. Adventures of a Youn- of the Reign of Elizabeth . . ger Son. . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Schurman, Jacob Gould. Belief in God . . . 185 Trollope, Thomas Adolphus. What I Remember, Scott, Fred N. The Principles of Style... 310 Vol. II. . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Scott, Sir Walter, The Journal of . . . . . 231 Trowbridge, J. T. The Kelp Gatherers ... 252 Seawell, Molly Elliot. Little Jarvis.... 255 Tsar and His People, The . . . . . . . . 382 Sessions, Francis C. On the Wing Through Eu Turner, Asa, and His Times . . . . . . . 120 rope . . . . . . . . . . . Upton, Mrs. H. T. Our Early Presidents . . 248 Shepherd, Henry A. The Antiquities of the State Van Rensselaer, Mrs. John King. The Devil's of Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 Picture Books . . . . . . . . . . 247 Sidney, Sir Philip. Defence of Poesy. ... 320 Verne, Jules. Czesar Cascabel . . . . . . Sienkiewicz, Henryk. With Fire and Sword. Ver Planck, Mrs. J. Campbell, Wonder Light . 253 Sladen, Douglas B. W. Australian Poets, 1788- Vincent, Frank. In and Out of Central America 1888 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Wake, C. Staniland. The Development of Mar- Small, Albion W. Beginnings of American Na- riage and Kinship . . . . . . . . . tionality 152 Walker, Francis A. Elementary Course in Po- Smalley, G. W. London Letters . . . . . 292 litical Economy . . . . . . . . . . 15 Smith, F. Harrison. Through Abyssinia ... 187 Ward, Herbert. Five Years with the Congo Can- Smith, G. T. Synopsis of English and American nibals . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . Ward, May Alden. Petrarch... Sociology : Papers before the Brooklyn Ethical Washburn, William T. Spring and Summer. Association . . . . . Weber, Alice. When I'm a Man..... Stahl, P. J. Maroussia . . . . . . . . 254 Webster's International Dictionary of the En- Stanley, Henry M. In Darkest Africa ... 235 glish Language . . . . . . . . . . 189 Starcke, C. N. The Primitive Family . . . . Weeden, William B. Economic and Social His- Starrett, Helen E. Gyppy . . . . . . . 255 tory of New England . . . . . . . . 279 Stebbing, William. Peterborough. . . . . Wenckebach, Carlo. Deutsche Literaturgeschichte 157 Stedman, E. C., and Hutchinson, Ellen M. A Wentworth, Walter. The lirifting Island .. 253 Library of American Literature, concluding Wesselhoeft, Lily. The Winds, the Woods, and volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . 1811 the Wanderer . . . . . . . . . . . 252 17 : : . 382 To 16 255 93 157 236 310 384 69 320 253 viii. INDEX. 194 Wharton, Grace and Philip. Queens of Society 244 Wilson, Edward L. In Scripture Lands . . . 247 Wharton, Grace and Philip. Wits and Beaux of Wilson, Sir Charles. Clive .. Society . . . 244 Wilson, Woodrow. State and Federal Govern- White, Greenough. The Philosophy of American ments of the United States . . . . . . 121 Literature . . . . . . . . . . . · 311 . Wolff, Henry W. Rambles in the Black Forest 186 Wiggin, Kate Douglas, and Smith, Nora A. The Woodberry, George Edward. Studies in Letters Story Hour . . . . . . . . . . . 255 and Life . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Wilkinson, J. A. A Real Robinson Crusoe . . 2.55 Wordsworth's Sonnets, Selections from ... 247 Williams, R. (). Our Dictionaries, and other Yonge, Charles D. Letters of Horace Walpole 66 English Language Topics . . . . . . . 195 | Zoe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 ANNOUNCEMENTS OF FALL PUBLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 121 ANNOUNCEMENTS OF SPRING PUBLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 159, 356, 385 Books OF THE MONTH. . . . . . . . . . 17, 44, 73, 97, 126, 159, 196, 255, 295, 321, 356, 386 THE DIAL vidare i cui HARVA 560-so MAY 5 1890 A Monthly Journal of Current Literature PUBLISHED BY A. C. MCCLURG & CO. YB CHICAGO, MAY, 1890. (VOL. XI., No. 121.] TERMS-$1.50 PER YEAR. HARPER'S MAGAZINE.- MAY. SOME NEW BOOKS. CONTENTS. Pastels in Prose. SOME MODERN FRENCH PAINTERS. By THEODORE Illustrated. 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The work should therefore prove of service to such men as marine and railway engineers, naval officers, and managers of mines and factories. Winchester. Cartbage and the Carthaginians. (Historic Touns Series.) By G. W. Kitchen, D.D., F.S.A., By R. BoswORTH Smith. Third and cheaper edition. With Dean of Winchester. Maps and plans. Crown 8vo. $1.25. 2 full-page illustrations and 9 full-page maps and plans. “We confess to having received from this book a fresh im- Crown 8vo, pp. xxviii.-388. $2.00. pression of the glory, variety, and richness of English history. The Works of Lewis Morris. The style of the author is clear and brisk, and the matter of sterling value." -Critic. In one vol., crown 8vo, cloth, gilt top. With portrait. $2.00. CONTENTS: Songs of Two Worlds (first series)—Songs of A Reply to Dr. Lightfoot's Essays.. 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It would be difficult to name a venture more strictly within the scope of the period, or more thoroughly illustrative of its literary bent, than CONTENTS. the - Dictionary of National Biography,” ed- ited by Leslie Stephen, the first twenty-one THE DICTIONARY OF NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY. volumes of which are before us. This great Edward Gilpin Johnson .. ..... .. 5 work will comprise fifty volumes when com- RECENT BOOKS ON EVOLUTION. Anna B. Mc pleted, and we are promised the remainder at Mahan ..... 7 the astonishingly rapid rate, quality considered, THE PRIMITIVE FAMILY. J.J. Halsey ..... 9 of one every three months. RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne ... 12 The main essentials of a good biographical dictionary are easily stated. BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS .......... 13 First, as to com- pactness, a work necessarily so large should Walker's Elementary Course in Political Economy. not ask an inch more of the purchaser's shelf- - Heam's Two Years in the French West Indies.- room, or a shilling more of his money, than is Keltie's Story of Emin's Rescue as Told in Stanley's Letters.-- Trollope's What I Remember, Vol. II. - strictly needed for the fulfillment of its pur- Gamett's Life of John Milton.- Lane-Poole's Story pose. In his selection of names, in so far as of the Barbary Corsairs.-Russell's In a Club Cor- we can judge, the editor has been sufficiently ner.--Sessions's On the Wing Through Europe.-- chary,--though no name, within proposed lim- Machar and Marquis's Stories of New France. Sav its, likely to interest any considerable section age's Helps for Daily Living.--- Savage's The Signs of the public, seems to have been omitted. As of the Times. implied in the title, the sketches have been BOOKS OF THE MONTH . . . . . . . . . . 17 confired to men born or acclimatized in Great --- --- -- - - - Britain and Ireland ; and it will possibly be -- urged on this side the Atlantic that Americans THE DICTIONARY OF NATIONAL should have been included. The Dictionary, BIOGRAPHY.* however, is Vational in scope, and it is hardly A comparison, in respect of creative literary our province to prescribe to publishers the power, is sometimes drawn-very much to our range of their ventures,—as to quality of work disadvantage — between the English-speaking we may presume to judge. It is questionable, people of to-day and the mediæval Florentines, moreover, whether so enormous an addition to the Greeks, or the Elizabethans. To our fur a work unavoidably large would be, on the ther disparagement, it is hinted that strict can- | whole, a gain. For one would scarcely care to dor would compel the average modern to admit risk insolvency, even to secure an all-compre- a distaste for the form in which the master- hensive biographical dictionary. In respect of work of literature has chiefly sought expression names selected, there seems to be no reasonable -a lurking sympathy with Professor Huxley's ground of complaint. contempt for - sensual caterwauling." As to proportion of treatment, certain faults, In our defence, we may urge that inferiority doubtless inevitable at the outset, that mar the in one direction often implies superiority in first volume, disappear in the succeeding ones. another; and that, within our own province, To keep each - life" strictly within bounds im- neither the Florentines, the Greeks, nor the plies self-denial on the part of contributors, and Elizabethans, could have coped with us. At tact on the part of the editor ; and that these no former time have conditions been so favor qualities have been exerted by Mr. Stephen able to literary ventures calling especially for and his co-laborers is attested by the remarka- ripe scholarship, unclouded critical vision, and ble evenness and proportion-considering the a wide division of scholarly labor; and when | number of hands emploved--of their work as these qualities are combined in a modern work, | a whole. we justly expect it to be of the first rank. In regard to manner of treatment, there is more to be said. One does not go to a bio- * DICTIONARY OF NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY. Edited by Leslie | graphical dictionary for dissertation, history, Stephen. In about 50 vols. Vols. I. XXI., Abb-Glo. New York: Macmillan & Co. I or the personal views or literary graces of the THE DIAL (May, - -- --- --- -- -------- - - contributors. Facts are what we require,- is due to a financial crisis which compelled him authentic facts illustrative of the characters - to patch the back of his waistcoat with a can- under review. To what extent criticism is vas of his own painting representing a mag- admissible has been questioned. We may say nificent waterfall “— a sorry fate for a pro- that, in general, one does not go to a biograph- jected masterpiece. One would not care a ical dictionary for criticism-certainly not in button for John Ash, lexicographer, were he the case of the greatest names. In any event, not the author of the most stupendous blunder the judgments offered should be thoroughly on record. Johnson, in defining “ curmud- well founded. To admit mere matter of opin- geon,“ derived it from caur méchant - on the ion is to endanger the permanent value of a l authority of an unknown correspondent”— work that should be first and always a medium whereupon the ingenious Ash gave it as from of information. i “ carur, unknown, and méchant, correspond- In the opening volune, some of the articles ent.” Surrounded by a respectable concourse are too long, and contain matter which it is į of poets and theologians, is Mrs. Elizabeth unfair to ask purchasers of a work of this | Brownrigg, whose humor it was to tie up her nature to pay for. For justance, were all i apprentice, Mary Clifford, “ to a hook fixed in the " lives" on the scale of Canon Stephens's one of the beams in the kitchen,” and to flog disquisition (that is the word for it) on Saint her until the victim's death put an end to the Anselm, the proposed fifty volumes must cer- pleasantry. It is gratifying to learn that Mrs. tainly mean a hundred and fifty. Early de- Brownrigg's “ emotional insanity" did not de- fects, as already stated, disappear as the work prive her of her reward. Abiezer Coppe was progresses ; and one cannot but wonder at the the most radical of non-conformists. Such was tact shown by Mr. Stephen and his aids in his contempt for the gauds and vestments of keeping in hand such a host of contributors,— ritualism that he was in the habit of preach- and we may note here that these contributors | ing stark naked, until the minions of an es- collectively represent English scholarship at tablished church locked him up. Mr. Coppe's its best. Many of the articles in the later vol doctrine was as impressive as his practice. umes are models of their class. Amid so much “ It's meat and drink to an angel," he held, excellence, it is, perhaps, unfair to specify ; but - to swear a full-mouthed oath.” George Bar- we may say that in the papers contributed by ington's versatility was such that he might well Joseph Knight, Cosmo Monkhouse, and by the | be called the Admirable Barrington. He was editor himself, the most hypercritical reader successful at once as a poet and as a pick- will scarcely suggest any improvements. Mr. pocket. No volume of familiar quotations Stephen's - Byron," for example, is precisely would be complete without his couplet,- what it should be, presenting the maximum of “True patriots we, for be it understood, fact with the minimum of criticism, and judi. We left our country for our country's good.” ciously avoiding the usual “ Byronic" debates On the day that Barrington was transported, - wherein, to quote Sancho Panza, " there is his relative, Dr. Shute Barrington, was ad- a great deal to be said on both sides.” Mr. vanced to the bishopric of Durham — a fact Monkhouse's treatment of the painters is also which gave rise to the epigram,- admirable. His paper on Constable is spe- * Two namesakes of late, in a different way, With spirit and zeal did bestir 'em ; cially good, giving in a few words the best The one was transported to Botany Bay, characterization of that painter and his art that The other translated to Durham.”' we remember to have seen. A concrete example is often the best definition. A biographical dictionary is perhaps chiefly Were one asked, for instance, to define - hu- useful for the information it gives of the lesser | morist-in the old sense—it would be well to notabilities, people whose records would, with refer the questioner to the account of Thomas out it, be difficult of access; and a rare collec | Day, author of " Sanford and Merton," — a tion of such worthies has Mr. Stephen brought humorist of the first water. The story of his to light. To have been a preacher, a poet, a matrimonial ventures is very amusing. His statesman, a hangman, a murderer, a pick- first proposal was made, in verse, to a Shaftes- pocket, of any sort of distinction, entitles one bury lady, whom he invited to dwell - unno- to a niche in his pantheon. The ways in which ticed " with him in some sequestered grove." the bubble reputation "may be won are en- The offer was declined-in prose. Day then couragingly mumerous. That the name of John determined to secure a wife upon philosoph- Astley, painter, is inscribed on the roll of fame | ical principles. With a view of procuring raw 1890.] THE DIAL -- -- material for experiment, he chose from the Moreover, aside from its mere utility, the work Shrewsbury orphan asylum two girls—one a is a veritable mine of entertainment; and blonde of twelve, whom he named “ Sabrina owners of private libraries who are judicious Sidney," the other a brunette, called “ Lucre- | enough to add it to their collections will find tia." These neophytes he proposed to submit it quite as well adapted to the hour of recrea- to a course of training of Spartan severity. tion as to that of study. To the editor and pub- Unhappily, “ Sabrina” proved “invincibly stu- lishers of the “ Dictionary” is due the credit of pid,” and was placed with a milliner, “where having produced not only the best biographical she did well, and finally married a linen-dra- dictionary in existence, but the most servicea- per.” Day then took a house on Stow Hill | ble and impressive literary work of the present and devoted himself to the training of “ Lucre- | generation. EDWARD GILPIN JOHNSON. tia." But as “ she screamed when he fired pistols (only loaded with imaginary ball) at --------------- her petticoats, and started when he dropped melted sealing-wax on her arms, he judged her RECENT BOOKS ON EVOLUTION.* to fall below the right standard of stoicism." The history of modern thought shows two He finally married a Miss Esther Milnes, and landmarks far transcending all others in im- gave further and most convincing proof of his portance. One of these dates back to 1543, eccentricity by insisting that “ her fortune be through the adoption of the Copernican sys- placed beyond his control, that she might re tem of astronomy; the other belongs to our treat from the experiment if it proved too pain- own generation, and springs from the accept- ful.” To Pierce Egan, author of “Life in ance of the doctrine of Evolution. These are London,” Boxiana," etc., was paid as sincere the great epochs in the realm of ideas, because a compliment as was ever earned by the pen. they are the points at which men have been It is related that Thurtell the murderer, just forced to revise their theories of the universe ; before his execution, said wistfully to his war- and every alteration in the theory of nature, ders : “ It is perhaps wrong for one in my sit every fresh hypothesis regarding the origin of uation, but I own I should like to read Pierce the world, must of necessity cause a revision Egan's account of the great fight yesterday” of current systems of theology, metaphysics, —meaning the championship “ battle” between and morals. Great was the revolution in hu- Spring and Langan. One can imagine the man thought three centuries ago when it could poor wretch in Newgate, the fetters on his no longer be believed that the earth was the limbs, the death-watch round him, the chill central spot of the universe, and it shook the London fog stealing in through the corridors, whole fabric of Christian theology to its foun- the awakening stir of preparation-sounds to dation ; but it was not greater than that we which the “ knocking at the gate” in “ Mac have seen, and are seeing, in our own day and beth” were cheerful— begging for a last hour generation, following upon our new cosmology. with his favorite author. Compared to this, Nor is there any more reason for supposing Johnson's tribute to Burton is the damnation that our new theory of the relation of things of faint praise. in time-Evolution --will ever be supplanted, But it is not as a chronicle of crime and than there is for supposing a similar displacing eccentricity that we are to regard the work of the older theory of the relation of things in under review. Primarily, it is the object of space. As science, Evolution has passed be- the “ Dictionary of National Biography" to yond the realm of controversy, and every sci- set forth in unglossed narrative whatever is entific writer, in whatever department, assumes known or can be learned of Englishmen who it as granted. As Professor Le Conte has well have measurably contributed toward England's said, “ We might as well talk of gravitation- greatness- whether it be in science, art, litera- ist as of evolutionist.” ture, or politics. It should be noted that-for *AN EPITOME OF THE SYNTHETIC PHILOSOPHY. By F. the convenience of readers desiring specially Howard Collins. With a Preface by Herbert Spencer. New York: D. Appleton & Co. minute information-a full list of references EvoLUTION : Popular Lectures and Discussions before the is appended to each - life.” Of the value of Brooklyn Ethical Association. Boston: James H. West. such a record to Americans one scarcely need! THE CONTINCOUS CREATION. By Myron Adams. Boston: speak; and we take it for granted that no ref. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. THE RELIGIOUS ASPECT OF EVOLUTION. By James Mc- erence library in this country, of the least pre- Cosh, D.D., LL.D., Litt. D. New York: Charles Scribner's tension to completeness, will be without it. Sons. THE DIAL [May, - - --- ----- -- _--- ---- - --- - In the popular mind, however, there is still most abstract form. The chief value of the considerable vagueness in respect to the exact work, therefore, is for students who have al- scope and meaning of the new word. What is ready studied the subject largely. To such it this all-potent process which presumes to ac will prove a convenient reference book for com- count not only for the world and man, but for pact statement of conclusions with which they all that man has become and has done-cus are already familiar; or, perchance, as an as- toms, habits, beliefs, tools, literature, arts, mor sistance to the conception of the general pro- als, religion ? portions of the parts to the whole, as a system. The series of books called “ The Synthetic Also, the specialist in any department of sci- Philosophy," in which Herbert Spencer un ence will find it serviceable as a sort of ampli- folds the general concept of a single and all- fied index of the original, indicating the places pervading, natural process, — tracing it out where fuller treatment of his topic may be through all its modes of action, in sun and found. The work seems well done for these star, plant, animal, and humanity, and giving uses; but let all beginners beware of it. To to it the name of Evolution,—are too volumi one unacquainted with the subject, we can im- nous, too technical, too difficult, for the aver agine nothing more forbidding than its array age reader. Although Spencer's literary style of highly abstract and unilluminated propo-. is admirably clear and direct, not every one sitions, and it would inevitably create a dis- will be sufficiently in earnest to follow him taste for what is in truth a greatly fascinating through the successive chapters of demonstra theme. tion in order to get at his completed definition : | A collection of lectures by various persons, “ Evolution is an integration of matter and concom with the discussions following their delivery, itant dissipation of motion ; during which the matter has been published by the Brooklyn Ethical passes from an indefinite incoherent homogeneity to Association, with the avowed purpose “ of pop- a definite coherent heterogeneity; and during which the retained motion undergoes a parallel transforma- ularizing correct views of the Evolution phil- tion.” osophy.” The lectures are fifteen in number, Still fewer are those who will master the eight and, beside technical treatment of each depart- volumes in which the law is shown to apply to ment of the subject, include introductory bio- organic life, to mind and habit, to societies, graphical sketches of Herbert Spencer and polities, morals, religion. The word Evolution Charles Darwin, and three concluding topics being in every mouth, the demand of the hour of somewhat wider scope, dealing with the re- is for something more simple, more available, lation of Evolution to different phases of life better suited to the conditions under which and thought. The book has the inevitable most people must do their reading and gain deficiencies of any such collection. While it their knowledge. is evident that the effort has been made to as- Mr. Howard Collins's 6 Epitome of the Syn- sign each subject to a writer with some equip- thetic Philosophy” might, by its title, be sup- ment for his task, there is, nevertheless, a great posed to be a work of such purpose. Mr. Col inequality in the execution of the work. Some lins has been index-maker of Spencer's works, , are admirable monographs—as, for example, and for five years has been engaged in the task the two by Mr. Chadwick, « Charles Dar- of bringing into the compass of this single vol- win " and Evolution as Related to Religious ume the substance of Spencer's eight volumes. Thought"; also, M. J. Savage's - The Effects of But let not our average reader be misled into Evolution on the Coming Civilization.” Others the assumption that this is the book for him. I are insignificant, as the opening paper on "ller- It is, in fact, very much harder reading than bert Spencer "; or painfully feeble and inade- the original authority. Its aim is not simpli quate, as the one on - The Philosophy of Evo- fication but condensation, and the basis of the lution.” The same diversity in value occurs condensation is a mathematical one, retaining in the strictly scientific topics. Specialists of all the original divisions by chapters and par- more than local reputation contribute some of agraphs, but reducing each to one-tenth of its these, Garrett P. Serviss writing of - Solar original proportions. The five thousand and and Planetary Evolution," Lewis G. Janes of more Spencer pages are thus represented by - Evolution of the Earth,” E. D. Cope of - The one book of a little over five hundred pages. Descent of Man." But as a rule there is less This compression has been obtained by the directness and simplicity than there should be. sacrifice of all illustration and nearly all elu- We know the difficulties; but the success of cidation, each proposition being stated in its | Edward Clodd in his Story of Creation," and 1890.] THE DIAL - - - - -- of H. M. Simmons in “ The Unending Gene- President McCosh's “ Religious Aspect of sis," proves that “ popular ” writing is not im- Evolution” is a small book of 120 pages, an- possible even on these subjects. nouncing itself as an “enlarged and improved A better book than either of the foregoing, edition." But it needs a far more fundamental indeed one of the best yet issued for the pur- enlargement to bring it up to present require- pose we are considering,—namely, for present ments of thought. It belongs to that by-gone ing in simple and attractive form the leading period of the discussion when it was considered features of Evolution,-is the work of Myron the duty of the hour to reconcile Genesis and Adams on - The Continuous Creation." His geology, to torture impossible meanings out of aim is to make “ an application of the Evolu Moses' use of the word - day," to set definite tionary Philosophy to the Christian Religion,” | | boundaries to religion "natural" and religion thus taking hold of the subject at the point of “ revealed.” President McCosh has not come its greatest interest for most people. He does sufficiently abreast with his subject to see that not undertake to prove the doctrine of Evolu all religion, however derived, is a manifestation tion, to examine in detail the specific grounds of the life of God in the life of man. Revela- of its adoption by the scientific world, assum- tion is not merely a fleeting gleam of divine ing as sufficient authority the testimony of ac inspiration, at a remote period, upon a small tual investigators that it works as far as it is portion of the race, but it is the unveiling of followed. For definition, he goes to Professor | the mind of man to see the sunrise of God's Le Conte,—and wisely, since it is hard to con- ' glory in the world. It is the record, not so ceive a better :-Evolution is (1) continuous much of God's revealing himself to man, as progressive change, (2) according to certain of man's development into a consciousness of laws, (3) by means of resident forces. Three God. And Revelation, in this sense, is almost opening chapters are devoted to the scientific synonymous with Evolution. application of this definition ; but Mr. Adams Anna B. MCMAHAN. well knows that it is not on this ground that the battle for Evolution is to be fought. So - ------------ long as the scientific aspects are alone in ques- THE PRIMITIVE FAMILY.* tion, the scientists may have their way without objections; but thoughtful persons see that the Since the publication, nearly thirty years matter cannot stop there : granted so much, a ago, of Sir Henry Maine's - Ancient Law,” a great modification of religious philosophy must battle of books and magazine articles has raged follow, a profound revolution in all the supreme fiercely round the “ patriarchal theory of soci- subjects of human interest must impend. In ety as therein set forth. Rashly accepted by Mr. Adams's own words, many students of philology and jurisprudence - There is a feeling that Evolution is dangerous. The as a general working hypothesis, this theory exaggeration of that feeling is that evolutionary philos- was strenuously attacked by anthropologists as osophy comes as a whirlwind to destroy religion; on the too limited in its inductions, both in time and contrary, it comes to restore and revive it.” place, and as an hypothesis which ignored the To prove and enforce this statement, in the larger circle of facts. Conspicuous among its various lines of religious thought, is the work assailants was the ingenious and imaginative of the remaining chapters, bearing such titles McLennan, whose destructive criticism, in his as, - The Bible a Record of Religion's Grad- “ Patriarchal Theory,” while expressing some ual Growth.” - The Problem of Evil," " The of the irritability of a dying man, yet shows Consummation of Evolution is Immortality," a vigor and a trenchancy due to a scientific "Resident Forces and the Divine Personality," method of attack. Herbert Spencer had al- “ Prayer,"? Miracles and Scientific Thought,” ready, in his calmer and more careful manner, - Faith and Intuition." These subjects are all shown the too narrow basis of the theory as a admirably worked out, and though the book is working hypothesis of society in what is now less scholarly than Le Conte's “ Evolution as his chapter on - The Family " in his “ Princi- Related to Religious Thought," and less brill- ples of Sociology." It is probably safe to say iant than Powell's - Our Heredity from God,” | * THE PRIMITIVE FAMILY IN ITS ORIGIN AND DEVELOP- it is, on the whole, probably the most success MENT. By C. N. Starcke, Ph.D. of the University of Copen- hagen. " International Scientific Series," Vol. LXV. New ful attempt yet made to enlighten the twin- York: 1), Appleton & Co. formed concerning the scope and bearings of THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARRIAGE AND Kinship. By C. the Evolution philosophy. | Staniland Wake. London: George Redway. 10 [May, THE DIAL . 15 the that no prominent thinker in the sphere of So now before us. Dr. Starcke and Mr. Wake ciology now maintains Maine's theory in its occupy common ground as their starting-point, leading characteristics of exclusive Agnation and do not differ widely in their conclusions, and Patria Potestas. and both have made valuable contributions to But the successful critic is not always equally the study of primitive society. Both repudiate, successful in constructive work. Mr. McLen with Spencer, the sole explanation of female nan, even before he had tumbled in partial ruin kinship in uncertain paternity growing out of the foundations of Sir Henry Maine's theory, promiscuity and polyandry. But the style of proceeded, in his “ Primitive Marriage,” to presentation is widely different. Mr. Wake erect his own hypothesis, which has become as has written a treatise as attractive in its forci. famous as its predecessor. Every student of ble English and clear logical sequence, as Dr. sociology is now familiar with his evolutionary Starcke's is oppressive by the reverse. The scheme of marriage and kinship: general pro proof-reader has done Mr. Wake scant justice. miscuity and attending destruction of female Such slips as Episcaste, Talbot Wheeler for infants ; thence scarcity of women, producing Talboys, and Vamberg for Vambery, should polyandry of the Nair type, unrecognizable pa- not be found in so expensive a book. But ternity, female kinship, and polyandry of the literary and typographical merits or demerits Thibetan type; marriage by capture, produc- do not principally concern us. These are ing exogamy and, ultimately, male kinship; epoch-making books : let us attend to their finally, heterogeneous local tribes, with endog- matter. We can merely give opinions; the amous clans, survival of original capture in books must be consulted for the various evi- symbols of voluntary marriage, and the ad-dence cited in proof. vance to monogamy. This view has been ac- Dr. Starcke advances and well maintains the cepted, with some difference in detail, by Lub- following opinions : (1) Marriage was not pre- bock, and its starting-point in promiscuity has ceded by promiscuity, but social life begins in been arrived at independently by Bachofen, the partially agnatistic family. (2) Hence agna- Morgan, and Lubbock. All these theorists of tion is not developed from female kinship, but what may be called the “ general promiscuity" has an earlier development. (3) Female kin- group seem to start out with a preconceived ship is not, in any large measure, due to uncer- theory, instead of with careful inductions from tain paternity, but to mothers' groups in polyg- facts, and they ignore not only the data of ynous families. (4) The influence of locality economic and legal studies, but even those of has had much to do in assigning the child to biology. The McLennan theory, however, as the father or to the mother. Agricultural com- the one most plausibly maintained, has been as munities value workers, pastoral communities vigorously, and we think as successfully, at value cattle: in the former the father will bring tacked as the Maine theory. Herbert Spen in a husband for his daughter, in the latter he cer, in the chapter already alluded to, took will sell her out for a price in cattle ; the for- exception both to its starting-point, its logic of mer will thus establish a female line of descent, procedure, and its ultimate conclusions. He through its daughters with alien husbands, clearly pointed out the narrow range of poly- while the latter will maintain the male line. andry ; suggested probable causes other than (5) Polyandry has been of limited range, and promiscuity for the prevalence of female kin originated in the patriarchal joint family of ship, as well as economic reasons for a wide male descent. (6) The Levirate marriage of prevalence of monogamy as a primary social the Hebrews had no relation to polyandry, phenomenon ; emphasized the improbability of but grew out of the desire to have heirs to early races depleting the stock of available offer the funeral sacrifice. (7) But last and wives, with one hand by destroying female most original of all his theses — the relation infants, and with the other seeking to make of sex is by no means the central point and the deficiency good by capture from equally raison clétre of primitive marriage, since - it depleted stocks of neighboring tribes; and, is not adapted to support the burden of social finally, showed several other causes working order.” The contract idea is at the bottom alongside of capture to produce the symbolism of marriage, carrying with it the idea of legal- of more recent marriage. ity, which, as it at first excluded the thought What Mr. Spencer did in outline so admir- of a wife chosen from within the family cir- ably fourteen years ago has been attempted cle, for whom no contract could be made, so, in a more enlarged treatment in the two works | extending its prohibition to the clan of one 1890.] THE DIAL 11 _-_-__-_- - kindred, drove on to outside marriage, or ex tion to the discussion of kinship. He says: ogamy. " It is necessary to point out the distinction between On the last of the seven points made it will relationship and kinship, a distinction which is usually lost sight of. be well to linger, as this is, in Dr. Starcke's The former of these terms is wider than the latter, as two persons may be related to each other, judgment, his distinct contribution to the dis- and yet not be of the same kin. Systems of kinship cussion of early marriage. He says: are based on the existence of a special relationship of "We shall meet with no stronger distinction between persons to each other, as distinguished from the general animal and human existence than the use of fire. By relationship subsisting between such persons and other its use the way was opened to man to obtain better individuals. . . . While a man may be related nourishment; it then became possible to become a flesh- generally through his father to one class of individuals, eating animal. The necessary preparation of food and through his mother to another class, he may be of which resulted from this fact caused a division of labor kin only to one class or the other. This special rela- between the sexes, which was unknown in the animal tionship or kinship is accompanied by certain disabili- world. The man then became the regular provider of ities, particularly in connection with marriage, which it food, not, as in the case of animals, only occasionally, would not be possible in small communities to extend and it was the woman's part to prepare the prey. In to all persons related to each other through both par- this way she became indispensable to the man, not on ents. Kinship, as distinguished from mere relationship, account of an impulse which is suddenly aroused and as must be restricted, therefore, to one line of descent. It is evident that a child may be treated as specially quickly disappears, but on account of a necessity which endures as long as life itself, namely, the need of food. related to either parent, and be reckoned of his or her : . . A man connects himself with a woman in order kin to the exclusion of the kin of the other parent. that she might keep house for him, and to this may be There must be some reason for the preference in any added a second motive, that of obtaining children. His particular case other than that based on paternity or ownership of the children does not depend upon the maternity, seeing that incultured peoples, as a rule, fact that they were begotten by him, but upon the fact fully recognize the relationship of a child to both par- that he owns and supports their mother. ... The ents. As a fact, the kinship of the child depends on the interest felt in children must have exerted its influence conditions of the marital arrangement between its par- on the form of marriage, since it furnishes a motive for ents. Among the social restraints on promiscuity, one polygamy which is not included in the need of a house- of the most powerful is that which arises from the rights of a woman's father or kindred. These rights kepper. A man will be actuated by this motive in pro- portion to the number of available women, and to his extend not only to her conduct before marriage ... but also to the marriage itself and its consequences. power of purchasing and providing for them. It fol- Thus the woman's father or her kin, in the absence of lows from the nature of things ... that polyg- amy can never have been the normal condition of a any agreement to the contrary, claim her children as be- tribe, since it would have involved the existence of twice longing to them, whether she remains with them after as many women as men. Polygamy must necessarily her marriage, or goes to reside among her husband's have been restricted to the noblest, richest, and bravest kin. ... Whether descent shall be traced in the members of the tribe. ... The common household, female or in the male line, depends on whether or not in which each had a given work to do, and the common the woman's kin have given up their natural right to the children of the marriage. ... If the husband interest of obtaining and rearing children, were the does not give anything in return for his wife she con- foundations upon which marriage was originally built. And from the sympathy which inevitably springs from tinues a member of her own family group, and her the interests which they have in common, that love is children belong to their mother's kin. If, however, the developed which effects a perfect and stable marriage.', husband pays a bride-price, she may have to give up her own family for that of her husband, and her off- Dr. Starcke's work barely precedes, in date, spring will belong to the latter.” that of Mr. Wake, and does not deprive it of It may be safely claimed that these two writ- originality in its judgments, which were arrived ers have done much toward a more scientific at independently. Consequently, the general view of primitive marriage and kinship. By agreement of argument in the two books is careful and patient collocation of facts over a most striking. All the positions which Dr. wide area of social life, by as careful a study Starcke has taken against the McLennan the of the unsophisticated man under the influence ories are also forcibly taken by Mr. Wake, who of the instincts of self-preservation, sex, and fortifies his ground by abundant citations of order, they have laid a secure foundation for examples as well as by most cogent reasoning. the cautious reasoning of which they both are To go through his positions would be but to masters. Starting from the decisions of so repeat what has already been said in reference distinguished a biologist as Darwin, who will to the earlier book; it will be sufficient to say not concede promiscuity even among the quad- that the one thesis peculiar to Dr. Starcke is rumana, we begin human life in the monoga- the economic rather than emotional basis of mous family, witness the phenomena of polyan- marriage; Mr. Wake also has his own special dry and polygamy thrown off and left by the contribution, which must be noted, at least in wayside,—the one continuing the primary male citation, as a distinct and valuable contribu- | descent, the other developing female kinship, 12 [May, THE DIAL - -- - = and come through a varied world of marriage ising field for the clever but mediocre novelist relations to the monogamous form of the mod-, of the present uncreative age is that which we ern world of Christian faith, in which love as have taken Mr. Crawford to illustrate — the a basis has not set aside the older basis of con field of special and unfamiliar information. It tract, but has reached beneath it and rooted it was really the glimpse of Indian life, and not in the holiest sentiment of the race. the vagaries of Ram Lal and his astral body, J. J. HALSEY. that set us all to reading “ Mr. Isaacs "'; it was the treatment of German life (in the students' * corps ” and the ancestral legend-haunted cas- tle) that made - Greifenstein ” attractive to RECENT FICTION.* us, and it is interest in the social and political Since no writer of English fiction at the condition of new Italy that makes us anxiously present day can, except by the very midsum- await another volume about the doings of the mer madness of myopic criticism, be for a mo Saracinesca family. The substitution of mere ment considered as ranking with the great knowledge for creative ability doubtless marks masters of the last generation, it is evident for us a decadent epoch in literature ; but we that whatever interest there lies for us in con may console ourselves by the reflection that temporary novels must be sought for, not in there are, after all, enough really good novels their portrayal of character or situation upon left us from the past to fill up as large a share the absolute terms of art, but in their points of of the average existence as should reasonably incidental excellence, whether of style, theme, be devoted to that sort of entertainment. or tendency. This is a fact which is coming These remarks are not, however, designed to to be generally recognized ; and most careful introduce any new novel by Mr. Crawford, for, readers of the modern product frankly admit strange to say, although it is at least six months that what attracts them is either some quaint since that familiar name has greeted us from ness or suggestiveness of language, the exposi the title-page of a volume just from the press, tion of some social or intellectual problem, or we have seen no reason to expect that its owner the selection of some special field in which the is about to bestow upon the public any fresh writer is prepared to present interesting in product of his industry. But they are sug- formation, more or less obviously disguised in gested to us by the perusal of two recently fictive garb. No one, for example, could seri published stories which deal with certain im- ously maintain the ingenious Mr. Ilowells, or portant phases of American history, and which the picturesque Mr. Crawford, or the solemn illuminate, with singular clearness, the periods Mrs. Ward, to be a writer of great fiction in and the scenes which they represent. We refer the sense in which Charles Dickens, or Sir to Mrs. Catherwood's - The Story of Tonty" Walter Scott, or George Eliot was such. But and Mrs. Austin's - Standish of Standish," we are none the less attracted by the humor of two of the most conscientious and sympathetic the one, the novelty, or the earnest purpose, of studies in historical fiction that have come to the others. And to our mind the most prom- us for examination in late years. In - The Story of Tonty” Mrs. Catherwood * THE STORY OF Tonty. By Mary Hartwell Catherwood. Chicago : A. C. McClurg & Co. has emphasized the success made by her “ Ro- STANDISH OF STANDISH. A Story of the Pilgrims. By mance of Dollard." The story of La Salle and Jane G. Austin. Boston: Houghton, Mithin & Co. his lieutenant, beginning in Montreal, and end- THE GREAT WAR SYNDICATE. By Frank R. Stockton. ! ing, tragically enough, by the Mississippi shore, New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. is one which offers many elements of romantic EXPIATION. By Octave Thanet. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. interest, and the author has told it in a strong ALBRECHT. By Arlo Bates. Boston: Roberts Brothers. and fascinating way. La Salle, quite as much JACK HORNER. A Novel. By Mary Spear Tiernan. Bos- | as Tonty, is the historical hero of her work, ton: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. and both figures stand out in very human dis- PRINCE FORTUNATUS. A Novel. By William Black. New York: Harper & Brothers. tinctness. There is a great wealth of material Kit and KITTY. A Novel. By R. D. Blackmore. New for the novelist in these annals of New France York: Harper & Brothers, and of the western territory, which was an un- Gobi Or Shamo. A Story of Three Songs. By G. G. A. explored wilderness two centuries ago, and Mrs. Murray. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co. Catherwood has exhibited a remarkable talent MARIA: A South American Romance. By Jorge Isaacs. The Translation by Rollo Ogden. New York: Harper & for making use of it for purposes of fiction. Brothers. The character of Miles Standish has already 1890.] THE DIAL =-- = been given a place in the gallery of historical contrives to make his story generally exciting. figures made familiar to all of us by the art of The reputation made by Miss French (we the poet and the novelist; and yet Mrs. Austin, believe that the personality of the lady who in her re-delineation of the famous Pilgrim, signs herself - Octave Thanet” is now an open seems to have given him a clearer outline and secret) as a writer of realistic sketches of life a warmer coloring than he has had before in the in the Southwest is more than confirmed by imagination. But - Standish of Standish " is her story of Expiation,” her first full-fledged not the only historical figure in Mrs. Austin's novel. The work is sustained in interest, strong romance. Bradford and Carver and Winslow and virile enough to warrant the use of a mas- are there as well, and many others of whom culine nom de guerre. We should no more those curious in New England history have suspect it, from internal evidence, to be the read in - Mourt's Relation" and other precious work of a woman than we suspected that to be records of the past. Indeed, all of the figures the case with the author of - Where the Battle in this story are historical in some degree, and was Fought.” Expiation” is a story of Ar- what is more, they are not mere images with kansas in the days of the guerrillas and the but the semblance of animation, not puppets closing months of the late war. There is a worked by wires only too evident to the ob- little more of the element of dialect than we server, but living men and women, our own can accept with unalloyed pleasure, but this ancestors again clothed in flesh and blood, and deepens the general impression of faithfulness affording a very human contrast to the rather to fact which is the net result of the perusal of inhuman picture of the early colonists of Mas- this remarkable story. It is in something more sachusetts Bay which has been so often thrust than the hackneyed sense of the terms that we forward by well-meaning writers. In other i may speak of the characters in this story as words, out of comparatively meagre materials, well drawn and vital, of the situations as inter- the author has made a very vital narrative, and esting, and of the scenes as graphically de- one which must appeal strongly to every man scribed. And the reflective or contemplative with New England blood in his veins. To passages of the book have the charm of a poetic those - dear ones whose memory we cherish so | instinct and the grace of a finished style. lovingly, and in the sober reality of whose lives It is undoubtedly true, as Mr. Arlo Bates lies a charm no romance can ever reach," this confesses, that without the Freiherr de la Motte book is a worthy tribute, and, we trust, a last Fouqué's - Undine” for a precedent, the story ing monument. of - Albrecht” would never have been con- Mr. Stockton's story of - The Great War veived. But it is equally true that the story Syndicate" is a variation upon a well-worn is a charming and graceful piece of imagina- theme. War is cleclared between Great Britain tive work, showing us, among other things, that and the United States, and our government i realism does not yet have everything its own (loes not know how to meet the enemy, being way with our novelists. In Mr. Bates's story entirely unprepared for anything of the sort. the soulless mortal is a man, not a woman, a At this point a syndicate of capitalists comes kobold, not an undine, and his marriage with forward, offers to carry on the war for the the maiden of his choice, in furnishing him government, and makes a contract to that effect. with a soul, endangers that of his wife. But Victory is speedily assured us, for the syndicate in the end the powers of darkness are subdued. controls a secret force more suggestive of the The scene of the romance is fittingly placed Keely motor than of anything else, and quite in the Black Forest, at the time of Karl the as deadly as the “ vril” of - The Coming ' Great. Race.” Armed with this mysterious power, The city of Richmond, at the time of our the war-ships of the syndicate sail forth, and own civil war, is chosen for the scene of - Jack speedlily reduce England to subjection. The 'Ilorner." “ Human blood at that time," says warfare described by Mr. Stockton is unparal- ! the writer, “ was of a splendid red color, as a leled by anything in recorded history, for the hundred fields could testify. It had not yet be- reason that it is waged from beginning to end come the languid lukewarm tide which evolves without loss of life. At least, there is only one the pale emotions of a modern American novel.” life lost, and that is by accident. But if Mr. No great amount of blood is made to flow by the Stockton has no tale of murder grim and great author of this story, although she has chosen to to tell us, he blows up a few vessels and forti- deal with the war period, but we are left in fied places by means of his new force, and little doubt as to the nature of the fluid that THE DIAL [May, courses through the arteries of the principal too smoothly to promise much interest, Kitty characters. They are all very genuine men and is kidnapped by the ingenious Downy Bulwrag, women, with the exception of the hero par ex and the story takes a new lease of life. When cellence, and he is a very genuine baby. In it has been expanded to a suitable length, she fact, this modern edition of the famous nursery is restored to his arms, and all ends happily. hero is about as adorable a bit of infant human The lore of the gardener forms a substantial ity as is often found in a novel, to say nothing element in the narrative, and who, if not Mr. of the cold actual world. But he could not Blackmore, should be capable of expounding have the story all to himself, and so he is sur it? If we are to have no more "Lorna Doones” rounded by a number of pleasant people, whose and “Alice Lorraines,” we should at least not lives, during those trying years of siege, come be ungrateful for such gentler idyls as this. to be strangely interesting to us, so gracefully “ Gobi or Shamo," further described upon is their story told. The novel is one whose the title-page as “ A Story of Three Songs," perusal will leave no feeling of regret for a is such a work of fiction as Mr. Rider Haggard wasted hour. and Mr. Andrew Lang might have written, had Mr. William Black has so pleasant a way they chosen to collaborate in such a task. The of telling a story, and is so beguiling a chron story of the isolated Greek city, existing un- icler of the small-talk of the club and the known all these years in the highlands of Cen- drawing-room, that we are apt to forget, until tral Asia, embodies just such an imaginative we come to reflect upon it after the book is idea as that of - King Solomon's Mines,” and closed, how uninteresting the story is in itself, a great deal of the incident and description is and how trivial the conversation of which it just what might have been expected of the ripe largely consists. “ Prince Fortunatus" is an classical scholarship of the author of - Letters example of the average novel of Mr. Black's to Dead Authors.” The gentleman who has recent years. It makes us acquainted with a successfully combined the diverse gifts of these lot of clever and generally well-behaved peo two writers is Professor G. G. A. Murray, who ple, having various degrees of interest in one occupies the chair of Greek in the University another, and never plays upon our emotions of Glasgow. The story which he has produced beyond the point of gentle and agreeable stim may be described as faulty in construction, but ulation. The hero, in the present case, is a amazingly clever in detailed execution. We singer of comic opera, and the romance of his have not been able to discover what is meant life is threefold—that is to say, he is in love, by the mention of “ three songs” in the title ; more or less simultaneously, with three women. as for the “ Gobi or Shamo” part of it, that Probably the extremely idiotic game of poker is cleared up by a quotation from Cornwell's which he is described as playing on one occa - Geography”—“ the great desert of Gobi or sion, when in a peculiarly reckless mood, may Shamo.” The Greek city of which there is be accounted for by the distraction incident question in the work is represented as a relic upon such a state of mind and heart as is im- of the invasion of the Greeks under Alexan- plied in an affection thus divided. In the end, der the Great, and the story of its re-discovery he marries one of the three—he could not do by two or three modern Englishmen is one of more, not being a merman—and, as it can make the most fascinating narratives that recent fic- little difference to the reader which of the three tion has provided. it is, the story may be said to end happily. The literature of Spanish America, as Mr. The muse of all perversity seems to preside Thomas A. Janvier points out in his brief but over the naming of Mr. Blackmore's latest sto- | admirable introduction to Mr. Rollo Ogden's ries and of their characters, male and female. translation of - María : A South American Ro- • Kit and Kitty” is sufficiently bizarre as a mance,” is both rich and ancient. A cata- title for a serious novel, and it is peopled by logue raisonné of the books published in Mex- such persons as Tabby Tapscott, Tony Tonks, ico alone, and before the year 1600, includes and Donovan (familiarly known as “ Downy”) one hundred and sixteen titles, and the literary Bulwrag. But Mr. Blackmore always tells a production of Mexico and the other Spanish- story genially, and the season has brought few American countries has certainly kept pace as well worth attention as this. Kit is a prom since then with that of the English-speaking ising young market-gardener, and Kitty is the half of the continent. Señor Jorge Isaacs, the maiden whom he loves. Just at the proper author of the story now translated, is a Colum- time when Kit's love affairs are running a trifle / bian, and his fame among Spanish-Americans 1890.) THE DIAL - - - - - is probably as great as that of Mr. Howells take Professor Folwell's suggestion and begin the among Americans who speak English ; so that economic text-book with consumption, because “the the story was well worth translating, and Mr. best place to begin anything is at the beginning, and Ogden appears to have done the work consci it is a mere truism that the wants and desires of entiously. As a story, it can make little appeal men are the spring and motive of industrial ac- to our Anglo-Saxon and somewhat jaded appe- tivity.” tites. It is suggestive of such French romantic LAFCÁDIO HEARN is an alert and sympathetic idyls as “Atala” and “ Paul et Virginie,” and observer, and possesses in a marked degree the fac- neither of these stories ever excited more than ulty of giving to his impressions their exact word a languid literary interest in English readers. values. To read his “ Two Years in the French But it is pretty, pathetic, and graceful, and it West Indies ” (Harper) is to see the French West Indies pretty much as he himself saw them — gives a faithful picture of refined country life through a pleasing, poetical, couleur-de-rose haze, yet in a South American republic, so that it adds truthfully enough as to general features. We in- materially to our vital knowledge of the world cline to the belief that a visit to Martinique, for ex- and its peoples. ample, after reading Mr. Hearn's Martinique stud- William Morton PAYNE. ies, would be almost as disenchanting as a visit to Venice after contemplating Turner's glowing can- vases. Still, we freely forgive author and painter BRIEFS OX NEW BOOKS. for glorifying the truth; and few of us would care to exchange Turner for Canaletto, or Mr. Hearn PROFESSOR Francis A. Walker has twice recast for a writer with a more statistical bent. The his admirable text-book of political economy, pub- tropic luxuriance of the regions described by our lished in 1883. In 1886 he reduced it to a - Briefer author is happily reflected in his style, though at Course," better adapted by its size to collegiate times his pen sheds colors and superlatives a thought work. He now gives us his . Elementary Course”. too freely. There is a smack of the garish splen- (Holt), in something over three hundred pages, for dor of the pantomine in this, for instance: “ High high schools. The author says: “It is no primer carmine cliffs and rocks outlying in a green sea, of political economy which is here offered, but a sub- which lashes their bases with a foam of gold.” But stantial course of study in this vitally important Mr. Hearn expresses himself, in general, in a very subject." He might have added that it is no mere | delightful way, and his style is not one to be adjusted digest of the larger books, but a fresh presentation to the Procrustean bed of strict academic propriety. of the subject, and anyone who has had experience The book abounds in charming bits of word-paint- with the larger works will readily concede that this ing and characterization ; and the whole is tinged is the best. The whole subject is admirably handled. with a sentiment and poetic charm that will appeal The separate applications of economic principles of to lovers of good literature. The value of the work the larger works have here been incorporated into is enhanced by its profuse illustrations, which speak the general treatment with good results. A trait well for both artist and artisan. Some of the cuts that much commends Professor Walker as a thinker are really admirable for precision of line and deli- to thinking men is his fearlessness in modifying his cate gradation of tone. opinions as he grows in knowledge, and he has not been afraid to confess to it so recently as the April TO THOSE impatiently waiting for Mr. Stanley's issue of the “Quarterly Journal of Economics." So, book — now announced by the publishers as soon in the volume under consideration, there are modi- ] to appear,- Mr. Scott Keltie's Story of Emin's fications, both by addition al omission, which in Rescue as told in Stanley's Letters” (Harper) is a our judgment improve its quality as an educational welcome foretaste. These letters have been thus text-book. Of course, Professor Walker's large re edited in response to a demand for a cheap publica- cognition of the entrepreneur is found here, as well tion to satisfy the public craving for news about the as in his earlier works, and here also “substitution land and the man now sharing the largest portion of commodities” as affecting supply, and the failure of the world's curiosity. Those who did not read of substitution as affecting labor supply, get due re these letters as they originally appeared in the daily cognition. The chapter on - Protection and Free papers will here meet afresh that tremendous rush Trade” handles that living question carefully and of personal energy which always carries men off without prejudice, although we think the writer is their feet when Stanley appears, and will also find at his very best on that subject in the article on much interesting addition to their previous informa- - Protection and Protectionists” in the “ Quarterly tion about the lake region of central Africa. A Juurnal of Economics” for April, 1890, where the brief sketch of Emin, and of the events which led judicial attitude of mind is admirable. We do not up to the rescue expedition, is prefixed to the letters. intend to disparage the two earlier books when we The unhappy controversy which has sprung up over say we believe this volume will become the college the later conduct of Emin is here foreshadowed, text-book, at least until the day when someone shall although there is due recognition of the heroism 16 [May, THE DIAL which can never be obscured by later errors of judg- convincingly, that the composition of the prose ment growing out of a large heart and a noble de works was in several ways no bad course of training votion to humanity. When the truth is all told, for the future author of - Paradise Lost." Emin Bey will be gratefully remembered by man- kind as one who, if perchance he shared some of In reviewing Mr. Stanley Lane-Poole's “ Story of the quixotic tendencies of his old captain, Gordon, Turkey,” we criticized the book as failing to make has with it also that which will enroll both of these anything more than a mere string of adventures of soldiers of fortune high among the benefactors of Turkish history. This writer has now found a more the race. The book would have gained by the in- congenial field in his “ Story of the Barbary Cor- clusion of Stanley's latest letters. sairs” (Putnam), which is necessarily limited to a tale of adventure. In this restricted sphere, Mr. SOME two years ago, the octogenarian novelist Lane-Poole has done admirably, and has produced and littérateur, Mr. Thomas Adolphus Trollope, and the most entertaining volume of the - Story of the the veteran academician, Mr. W. P. Frith, each Nations " series. There is a favor of the sea about published a volume of personal reminiscences. Both the narrative, and the style of the writer has in it volumes were received with generous applause by the dash and verre of the rovers it represents. Old the public, and in both cases there was a hearty call | Barbarossa here lives again in all his large-minded for more. Mr. Frith responded to this call, not rascality ; the Knights of St. John again win deat!,- long ago, with a second volume no less interesting less laurels; and the Mediterranean again whitens than the first, and Mr. Trollope has now likewise with innumerable sails, and glitters with the armor responded with an equally charming sequel to his of contending heroes. The darker side, too, is here, earlier volume. The second installment of - What and the terrible life of the gallev-slave is pictured in I Remember" (Harper) is mostly devoted to re a most valuable chapter. Proper credit is given to collections of the past quarter of a century, although the United States for the initial step toward suppres- the writer does not hesitate to put in matters of sing the mere handful of impudent pirates who for earlier date when they occur to him. For the past two centuries had bullied all Europe. In this por- twenty-five years he has lived almost continuously tion, the writer has had the assistance of Lieutenant in Italy, for a while in the neighborhood of Flor J. D. J. Kelley, of the United States navy. The ence, and afterwards at Rome. He has been stead last chapter, on the French acquisition of Algeria, ily occupied with literary work during this period, is written with a somewhat too caustic pen, as the and has been thrown into contact with a great many facts would speak for themselves, without added charming people. The new volume, like the other, denunciation. is a storehouse of anecdote and pleasantly-related WHATEVER may be Mr. A. P. Russell's other incident, all genial in the highest degree. As a gifts, his latest work, “ In a Club Corner" (Hough- running commentary upon the great events of mod- ton), shows that he has what Carlyle called “a ern Italian history, and as a picture of the refined genius for making excerpts.” In this compact little society of the Italian capitals, the new volume is volume of 328 pages, he gives us an agreeable mé- of the most interesting description. lange of wit, wisdom, humor, and anecdote, culled DR. RICHARD GARNETT certainly exhibited a during a course of widely-extended and well-selected reading. For the convenience of the reader, he has self-confidence worthy of his subject in venturing to write a short - Life of John Milton" (London: arranged his material under general heads, with Walter Scott) so soon after Mark Pattison's deeply- marginal summary; and “scrappiness" is avoided by stitching the whole together with a thread of conceived and masterly book on the same subject. Yet the admirer of Pattison must admit that Dr. personal comment and reflection. The selections Garnett has justified himself. His book was worth are fresher than one usually finds in such compila- tions, and the book, Mesides being very readable, writing, for it is worth reading. Less deeply medi- will prove an excellent means of reference. Mr. tated, less terse, less precise than its predecessor, Russell has seen fit to call his work a - monologue” the present volume is nevertheless an elegant bit of ---- a term not very apposite where the author's role work. It contains a good deal of material not to is chiefly that of raconteur. Be that as it may, “In be found in Pattison ; notably an excellent bibliog- a Club Corner” is a book to be grateful for under raphy covering thirty-nine pages, and representing any title. Mr. Russell will be pleasantly remem- the cream of the Miltoniana in the British museum. bered as the author of - A Club of One," which was Touching one mooted point, Dr. Garnett takes issue received with much favor three years ago; and the successfully with Pattison, who thinks it a pity that present volume is marked by the variety of matter Milton should have given up - to party what was and general air of refinement that characterized its meant for mankind." On the other hand, the pres- ent biographer shows, we think conclusively, that predecessor. Milton would have been false, not only to his coun | Av attractive volume entitled - On the Wing try and to his God, but to himself, had he not em- | through Europe" (Welch, Fracker & Co.) com- barked upon that -- troubled sea of noises and hoarse prises a series of newspaper letters written from clisputes." Dr. Garnett contends, moreover, very | abroad by Francis C. Sessions. The present edi- 1890.) THE DIAL 17 - --- -- -- --- -- - - - tion is the third, and the author, in his introduction, BOOKS OF THE MONTH. expresses his surprise that his hasty jottings should have been so well received — and we are inclined [The following list includes all books received by THE DIAL to agree with him. Mr. Sessions's tour did not take during the month of April, 1890.] him off the beaten track, and what he saw in Lon- ART AND ARCHEOLOGY. don, Paris, Rome, etc., is what no traveller with the it no traveller with the History of Art in Sardinia, Judea, Syria, and Asia Minor. His usual complement of eyes could have helped seeing. From the French of Georges Perrot and Charles Chipiez. His comments are, in general, as trite as his descrip- Translated and Edited by I. Gonino. With +10 Engrav- ings and 8 Steel and Colored Plates. 2 vols. tto. A.C. tions. One scarcely needs, for instance, to be told Armstrong & Son. $11,50. of Westminster Abbey, “Here indeed one may spend The Problem of the Northmen. A Letter to Judge Daly, a day with great interest "; or of the Coliseum that, President of the American Geographical Society. By Eben Norton Horsford. Second Edition. Illustrated. Here thousands of the earlier Christians suffered 4to, pp. 23. Paper. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.00. martyrdom by being thrown into the arena, to be HISTORY torn and devoured by wild beasts." Mr. Sessions's History of the United States of America, under the Con- style, however, is not without originality. He tells stitution. By James Shouler. In + vols. 8vo. Dodd, us that "Scarcely a foot of Italian soil is other than Mead & Co. $9.00. a pilgrimage," and that he and his friends enjoyed A Short History of Mexico. By Arthur Howard Noll. the sea breeze in Venice “ with a zeal unequalled 16mo, pp. 294. A. C. McClurg & ('o. $1.00, English Lands, Letters, and Kings. Part II., from Eliza- since we left home.” The illustrations in the book beth to Amne. By Donald G. Mitchell. 12mo, pp. 317. are well chosen and well executed. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.30. Palestine. By Major C. R. C'onder, D.C.L., R.E. Illus- The volume entitled Stories of New France” | trated. 16mo, pp. 207. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.25. (Lothrop), by Agnes M. Machar and Thomas G. A Short History of the Roman People. By William F. Allen. 16mo, pp. 370. Ginn & Co. $1.10. Marquis, will be of interest to Americans chiefly because it presents in historical form what is already BIOGRAPHY. familiar in prose and poetical romance. The - Sto- Dictionary of National Biography. Edited by Leslie Stephen and Sidney Lee. In about 30 vols. Vol. XXII., ries” begin with a chapter on “How New France Glover-Gravet. Large Svo, pp. 149. Gilt top. Uncut. was Found,” and close with the “Great Siege of Macmillan & Co. $3.75. Quebec," thus covering a period from the earliest History of the Girtys. Being a Concise Account of the Girty Brothers, and of the Part Taken by Them in Lord knowledge of America to the day when Montcalm Dunmore's War, etc. By Consul Willshire Butterfield, and Wolfe, in 1759, met on the plains of Abraham. author of "The Expedition Against Sandusky under Col. William Crawford." The hero of a Canadian Thermopylae, Daulac, has Large Svo, pp. 126. Robert Clarke & Co. S:3.30. already been introduced to us by Mrs. Catherwood Asa Turner and His Times. By George F. Magoun, D.D. in her -- Romance of Dollard," and the same author's With an Introduction by A. H. Clapp, D.D. Illustrated. 12mo, pp. 315. Congregational and S. S. Publishing - Story of Tonty," tells also the story of Robert de Society. $1.50. La Salle. Every school girl will feel an impulse to The Wife of the First Consul. By Imbert de Saint-Amand. read the story of the Acarlian exiles, in order to find Translated by Thomas Sergeant Perry. With Portrait. out more, if possible, about “ Evangeline," and thus 12mo, pp. 357. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.25. Memorial to Robert Browning. Under the Auspices of the best purposes of the book will be served by lead the Browning Society of Boston, King's Chapel, Tues- ing the reader one step nearer to the great store day, January 28, 1890. Svo, pp. 64. Paper. Tied. house of Canadian history, Francis Parkman. The Printed for the Society. $1.00. authors should consider their work not in vain if it VITU'RAL HISTORY AND SCIENCE. contributes a little toward this end. Journal oi Researches into the Natural History and Geol- ogy of the Countries Visited during the Voyage around U'NDER the titles, “ Helps for Daily Living” and the World of H. M. S. “ Beagle." By Charles Darwin, M.A., F.R.S. Veu Edition. Nlustrated. Svo, pp. 551. * The Signs of the Times," two volumes have been Uncut. D. Appleton & Co. $5.00. recently published by George H. Ellis, containing Characteristics of Volcanoes, With contributions of Facts twenty-two sermons by the Rev. Minot J. Savage, and Principles from the Hawaiian Islands. By James D. Dana. Profusely Illustrated with Maps and l'iews. the well-known Unitarian divine; and we take Large Svo, pp. 399. Gilt top. Uncut. Dodd, Mead & pleasure in saying that these sermons are well worth Co. S5.00. putting in type. A degree of appositeness is given Corals and Coral Islands. By James D. Dana, LL.D. Third Edition, with various Emendations, large Addi- to the contents of each book by selecting for it dis tions, etc. Nlustrated. Large 8vo, pp. 110. Uncut. courses of the same general trend as to subject mat- Gilt top. Dodd, Mead & Co. $0.00. The Physical Properties of Gases. By Arthur L. Kimball. ter and intent. The first named contains much 16mo, pp. 2:38. "Riverside Science Series." Houghton, strong sense and straight thinking on practical sub Mifflin & Co. $1.25. jects, and will be well received irrespective of the LITERARY MISCELLANY. reader's particular doxy.” In - The Signs of the The Writings of George Washington. Collected and Times," however, Mr. Savage gets upon debatable Edited by Worthington Chauncey Ford. In 14 volumes. ground, and treats such subjects as “ Break-up of Vol. VI., 1777 1778. Royal 8vo, pp. 511. Gilt top. G. the Old Orthodoxy," “ Ingersollism,” etc., with a P. Putnam's Sons. $5.00. Dramatic Opinions. By Mrs Kendall. With Frontispiece frankness that will, we are afraid, displease many Portrait. 16mo, pp. 179. Gilt top. Uncut. Little, Brown, readers. & Co. $1.000. 18 [May, THE DIAL - - - - - I ussia : Its People and its Literature. By Emilia Pardo JUVENILE. Bazán. Translated from the Spanish by Fanny Hale Gardiner. 12mo, pp. 293. A. C. McClurg & ('o. $1.25. Little Saint Elizabeth, and Other Stories. By Frances Hodgson Burnett. 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A TRIED BOOK - Everything in it has been cooked over and over again, and found to come out right. A POPULAR BOOK—The remarkable and rap- idly increasing sales demonstrate the hold it has upon the public. AN ECONOMICAL BOOK — Teaches how to use and how to save, thus giving back many times the price you pay for it. BOUND IN WASHABLE OILCLOTH COVERS, $1.75. NOW READY. SISTER SAINT SULPICE. From the Spanish of Don ARMANDO PALLACIO VALDES. Authorized translation by NATHAN HASKELL DOLE. With Portrait. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. In this piquant and charming story the versatile author of “ The Marquis of Peñalta” and “Maximina" has combined and contrasted the widely differing characters of Northern and Southern Spain. The hero, who narrates his experiences, is a native of Gallicia, and though he is a lyric poet, has all the obstinacy, determination, frankness, and thrift of that somewhat despised race. The heroine is a nun who, owing to unpleasant family relations, has taken temporal vows. She is quite unsuited to the religious vocation ; is quick-witted, vivacious, passionate, prone to jealousy, and true as steel. Moreover, she is the possessor of a fortune, as well as of a pair of wonderful Moorish eyes. Hero and heroine meet at a watering-place on the Guadalquivir. The love-making, auspiciously begun, is interrupted by the appearance of a rival-a cool cynical Malaganian, who finds attraction in the Sister's fortune--and by an unlucky dance, in which the nuns take part with the connivance of the weak and easy-going Mother Superior. The scene is then transferred to Seville, life in which beautiful city is charmingly portrayed. Recep- tions, excursions down the Guadalquivir, and various enter- taining episodes, give the author abundant chance for the humor and pathos of which he is a master. The author's masterly Prologue, in which he so eloquently discourses on the art of novel-writing, is included in the vol- ume, which is adorned with a fine portrait of Señor Valdés. 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In these days, so rife with labor troubles and the strained relations of employer and employed, it is interesting to go back to the time when there was a complete and complicated system of guilds, embracing nearly all trades, and carrying with it the hierarchy of masters and apprentices. To such a period are we transported by Julius Wolff's great novel, “Der Sülfmeister," or, "The Salt Master of Lüneburg." Since the death of Viktor von Schoffel, Wolff is the most popular of German poets, and this historical novel of his he has invested with all the charm of his fine fancy. The scene is laid in the famous city of Lüneburg about the middle of the fifteenth century, during the reign of Frederick III., and the story of the great struggle between the wealthy burghers and the grasping Lord of the Land is most graph- ically related. The book overflows with quaint and fascinat- ing descriptions of the manners and customs of the medieval city of the Coopers' and Vintners and Furriers' and Shoe- makers' Guilds, and through the whole run the silver and golden threads of a double romance. There are many delight- fully humorous incidents, and here and there occur the lyric gems for which the author is noted. Sold by all booksellers, or, upon receipt of price, the publishers will mail them to any address in the world, and pay the postage. ARNOLD & COMPANY, No. 420 LIBRARY STREET, PHILADELPHIA. Sold by A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago. THOMAS Y. CROWELL & CO., No. 46 E. Fourteenth St., New York. 24 [May, 1890. THE DIAL = = = J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY HAVE JUST PUBLISHED: RECOLLECTIONS. By GEORGE W. Childs. Containing reminiscences of noted persons with whom Mr. Childs has been intimately acquainted, together with interesting incidents in his own life. With Portrait of author. 12mo, cloth, gilt top, $1.00. “A chatty unpretending record of the rise of worth, industry, and good sense, to fortune. Its sketches of people whom he has known embrace a large number of the most desirable acquaintances, such as Irving, Halleck, Longfellow, Motley, Bryant, Prescott, Hawthorne, and others.” -- New York Christian Intelligencer, “The man himself, crowned by a brilliantly successful life, is a subject of interest to every American. His personal rem- iniscences of great men who had enjoyed his hospitality, and with whom he was intimate, makes these pages of · Recollec- tions' full of interest.”'- Wilmington (Del.) Ensign. " The finer tender side of General Grant's character becomes more evident as we read the recollections of Mr. Childs and others who knew him intimately. It explains the personal affection towards him of such natures as Conkling, Logan, and others, whose friendship was more than the loyalty of political partisans,”-Boston Pilot. AS YOU LIKE IT. WORKS OF Volume VIII. of the Variorum Edition of Shakespeare. WILLIAM H. PRESCOTT. Edited by HORACE HOWARD FURNESS, Ph.D., LL.D., ! New Library Edition. Edited by J. Foster Kirk. L.H.D. Royal 8vo, extra cloth, gilt top, $4.00. Illustrated with Portraits and Maps. Complete in Each volume is a Shakespearean library in itself, and 12 volumes. Octavo, neatly bound in cloth, gilt top. contains the best criticisms that have ever been written. $2.50 per volume. Those already issued are “ Romeo and Juliet," « Ham- “Conquest of Mexico," two volumes. “Conquest of let” (two vols.), “ Macbeth,” “ King Lear,” « Othello," Peru,” two volumes. « Ferdinand and Isabella,” two and “The Merchant of Venice.” volumes. “The Reign of Charles V.," two volumes. “Of all the editions of Shakespeare, there is none more | Now ready. scholarly, more exhaustive, or in every way more satisfactory than the Variorum Edition edited by Horace Howard Fur “It would be difficult to point out among any works of liv- ness."'- Boston Courier. ing historians the equal of those which have proceeded from Shakespeare thoroughly, there is but one edition i Mr. Prescott's pen." --Harper's Magazine. that will suffice, and that is Dr. Furness's own. It is the re- ! “Mr. Prescott has long been honorably known as the author sult of a lifetime of study by the most eminent Shakespearean of the most valuable historical works produced in the present scholar in America."-- Philadelphia Public Ledger. i age.”—The Edinburgh Review. STANLEY'S EMIN PASHA EXPEDITION. By A. J. WAUTERS, Chief Editor of the Mouvement Geographique, Brussells. With Maps, thirty-three Por- traits, and Illustrations. 12mo, cloth, $2.00. "The story is told in a clear concise manner that challenges interest. Those who desire to understand what Stanley really accomplished, and the perils that he encountered, will do well to read this work."--Toledo Blade. "The author of the present volume has studied the facts in all available sources, and has thrown light on the immediate expedition itself by going back and tracing in outline the attempt of Egypt to secure mid-African empire, with all the events incident, including General Gordon's governorship, and his subsequent attempt to bring off what was left of the Egyptian effort, ending in the tragedy at Khartoum. Clearly to know what this last expedition of Stanley was for, it is necessary to understand what went before. The expedition itself is followed in as much detail as is possible from information received from many sources. The author has made an exceedingly interesting book, from which the reader may gather an outline of the most strikingly dramatic exploit of recent years.”—Chicago Times. Two NEW WORKS OF FICTION. LOVE IN THE TROPICS. SYRLIN. A Romance of the South Seas. By CAROLINE EARLE By “QUIDA," author of “Guilderoy,” 6 Chandos," “ In WHITE. 12mo, cloth, $1.00. Maremma,” « Moths,” etc. A 12mo volume of 400 This story will doubtless be a welcome surprise to the pages. Paper, 50 cents; cloth, $1.00. many friends of the author, who is so widely known through * Quida's stories are abundant in world-knowledge and world-wisdom, strong and interesting in plot. Her characters her activity in charitable and humanitarian efforts. Mrs. are conceived and elaborated with a skill little short of mas- White is gifted with fine imaginative powers, and possesses terly, and the reflective portions of her stories are marked by literary taste and ability of a superior order, as is abundantly fine thought and a deep insight into the workings of human shown by this life-like romance of the South Seas. nature."--Boston Gazette. If not obtainable at your Bookseller's, send direct to the Publishers, who will forward the books, free of postage, promptly upon receipt of the price. J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, 715 AND 717 MARKET ST., PuILADELPHIA. THE DLAL PRESS, CHICAGO. JUN 91800 THE DIAL A Monthly Journal of Current Literature --- == = CAGO, JUNE, 1890. PUBLISHED BY $1 501 A. C. MCCLURG & CO. 1 a year SVOL. XII EDITED BY Vo. 122 FRANCIS F. BROWNE. BOOKS FOR SUMMER READING. THE INCOMPARABLE TARTARIN OF TARASCON. HARPER'S MAGAZINE presents, in the JUNE | THE CAPTAIN OF THE CAPTAIN OF THE JANIZARIES. A Tale NUMBER, the first installment of an entirely new and of the Time of Scanderbeg and the Fall of Constantinople. By JAMES M. Ludlow. New Edition. 16mo, cloth, $1.50. supremely droll serial story, YOUMA. The Story of a West-Indian Slave. By PORT TARASCON; LAFCADIO HEARN, author of " Chita," etc. Frontispiece The Last Adventures of the Illustrious Tartarin. by HOWARD PYLE. Post Svo, cloth, Ornamental, $1.00. Written by ALPHONSE DAUDET, translated by HENRY JAMES. THE ODD NUMBER SERIES. 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" We recommend the volume to all those who have to meet the crude theories put forth in such stories as “Robert Els- mere,' and who have no equipment therefor except such as is afforded by the theological training or treatises of half a century ago.''- Christian Union. CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 743-745 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. JUN 9 1890 PLATY. THE DIAL --- --- ---- Vol. XI. JUNE, 1890. No. 122. opinion and directing the counsels of his coun- try. He possessed rare judgment in practical affairs, no less than rare taste and power in CONTENTS. verse. The strength of his individuality was WILLIAM (U'LLEN BRYANT. Oliver F. Emerson 31 far-reaching, during the fifty years that his THE STATESMANSHIP OF THOMAS JEFFER- striking face and figure were well-known in SON. 11. W'. Thurston . . . . . . . . . . 33 New York City. In Bryant's case, the direc- MASSON'S EDITION OF DE QUINCEY. Melville tion of Othello, “ nothing extenuate, nor set B. Anderson . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 down aught in malice,” is inapplicable, because THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE FUTURE. Anna B. the first is unnecessary, the last is impossible. McMahan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Born of Puritan New England parents, he PATER'S “ APPRECIATIONS." C. A. L. Richards 37 early learned to esteem that spotlessness of "OLD COUNTRY LIFE.” Genevieve Grant ... character which became his own, to imbue his life with that moral beauty so characteristic of BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS .......... 40 Brinton's Essays of an Americanist.--Mrs. Kendall's | his poetry, and to set before himself that stand- Dramatic Opinions.- Browning Memorial.-- Gosse's ard of virtue which made him revered in pub- Browning Personalia.-Mrs. Hill's Leger's A History lic as in private life. of Austro-Hungary. Stebbing's Peterborough.-Be- Bryant the poet early showed his power. sant's Captain Cook.--Owen's Notes to Modern French The record of his precocity is as marvellous Fiction.-Curtin's Myths and Folk-Lore of Ireland.- Perry's Saint-Amand's The Wife of the First Consul. as that of any other genius. Before he was a - Ball's Star-Land. year and a half old he knew his letters. At LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS ....... 43 five, he recited with pleasure many of Watts's TOPICS IN JUNE PERIODICALS. ... ... 44 hymns. At eight, he wrote verses. When BOOKS OF THE MONTH .......... 44 scarcely ten, he made a verse paraphrase of the first chapter of Job, and in the same year declaimed a rhymed description of the school WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT.* he attended,,verses afterwards published in The new - Life of Bryant” in the handy the county paper. At this time he wrote a sat- "American Men of Letters " series is welcome ire on the - Embargo” of Jefferson, which his as an important addition to our literary biog- father, an ardent Federalist, published in Bos- raphy. The Life by Parke Godwin must al- ton. These five hundred lines contained a ways be the great storehouse of facts for those scathing rebuke to Jefferson, often quoted with to whom every item of information about the great merrinient when Bryant afterwards be- great poet is gladly received. But Godwin's came a Jeffersonian Democrat. The early work is too bulky for ordinary use, and too verse, however, shows little but excessive in- expensive for the popular purse. The present fluence of Pope, both in correctness of measure volume, therefore, having the advantage of fol- and in couplet structure. Not till later was lowing the larger work, together with the in- the reactionary poetry of Cowper and Words- spiration of personal relations of its author worth read with delight, giving the impulse to with the poet, will surely find a wider circle of his later poetic form. One other incident, the readers, and increase the influence of a life story of “ Thanatopsis," is known to all : how noble enough to make it memorable apart from it was written by the boy of eighteen, and re- the blossom and fruit of its song. mained six years unheard of; how it was first The life of Bryant has a two-fold character. brought to notice by the father and even as- He was a great poet, and has produced some cribed to him, and how its publication in the of the finest poems of our literature. But he “ North American Review” discovered a new was a public man as well, no insignificant fac- / genius in the young barrister of the Berkshire tor, during his long connection with the New hills. York“ Evening Post," in moulding public When - Thanatopsis” was published Bryant was twenty-three years old. He had given up * WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT. By John Bigelow. “Amer- his college course at eighteen, after the sopho- ican Men of Letters” Series. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. | more year at Williams, because his father could 32 [June, THE DIAL not afford the expense. He began almost im- which he persisted in judging others. Nor mediately the study of law, not daring to trust was his paper without success in the best sense. himself to his favorite literature, but still writ Possessed of unerring judgment, of almost pro- ing poetry, and receiving one rebuke at least phetic insight, Bryant's editorial utterances for preferring Wordsworth to Blackstone. At were found to be a safe sailing-chart, and his twenty-one he was admitted to the bar, and the advocacy of measures was justified by the re- following year he began successful practice at sult. Few, if any, crises in local or national Great Barrington, Massachusetts. The public affairs could be cited in which the “ Post " was cation of - Thanatopsis ” brought him invita- not the champion of justice and high morals. tions to write both poetry and prose, and in It stood with Jackson against nullification, these years he did some of his best work. In when his worst enemies were of his own party. 1822, he published a booklet containing eight It opposed the annexation of Texas to increase of his best poems, among them “ To a Water the slave power. It withstood the extension of Fowl," • Green River,” and “ The Ages,” the slavery, when Northern Democrats were trim- latter a Phi Beta Kappa poem delivered at ming to Southern wishes. It upheld freedom Harvard. During this time, however, Bryant of speech, when the anti-slavery presses of the was not in great sympathy with the law. His border were destroyed and their owners threat- literary successes did not tend to increase his ened with death. It became the supporter of love for the profession, and, although he re the war on slavery, of Emancipation when the mained a barrister ten years, he was at last to nation's leaders were halting at such a step. break the bond and devote himself to litera Bryant's editorial career cannot be sepa- ture. In 1825, after several visits of explora rated from his life as a poet. They are parts tion, he settled in New York, a literary adven- | of one whole, necessary to a proper estimate of turer. He had first thought of going to Boston, the man. Still, his editiorial duties undoubt- but the Sedgwicks, brothers of Miss Sedgwick edly interfered with his poetry. Before he the story-writer, persuaded him to try New began his duties on the - Post” he had writ- York. Here he wrote poetry, edited several ten one-third of all his lines. The fifty years unsuccessful magazines, and finally, after two that followed were comparatively unproductive. years of adventurer's life, became editor of the Some years he wrote none at all, while in the * Evening Post.” decade after he was thirty-five he averaged only With this journalistic enterprise, we leave about one hundred lines a year. He is thus to for a time the poet Bryant. He continued to be judged rather from the character than the write, but not frequently or much. But he | abundance of his poetry. It was a natural but was doing a great work in quieter ways, when not a necessary language with him. He has honest, manly, dignified prose was more neces-written some poems that rank with anything sary than verse. The - Post ” began its life in the language. There are many others cor- in the first year of the century. More signifi- rect in form, beautiful in sentiment, pleasantly cant, its existence antedated the popular news. expressed, but missing the depth or the fulness sheet, with the catering to public fancy and of the best English verse. Moreover, the ideal mediocre taste, and under Bryant's guidance of his verse was circumscribed. His poetry is it continued the best representative of inde- preëminently ethical, and while good ethics pendent but conservative criticism of public does not mar good poetry, except when too fre- men and national affairs. Bryant was never quently expressed, it is not an essential feature. a party man or a party editor. He was never He is characterized, preëminently among Amer- subservient to party counsels, and never hesi- ican poets, by a sympathetic observation of Na- tated to oppose party managers when he could ture, and by correct and dignified expression. not sympathize with their views. On this ac | In the first, he shows most the influence of count the “ Post” passed through more than Wordsworth. There was a natural kinship in one crisis, at one time being threatened with their love of Nature, and in its spiritual appeal destruction by the mob, at another suffering ex- to them. But Bryant gave that spiritual ap- treme financial straits, so that Bryant thought peal an ethical expression, while in the best of seriously of going west to begin anew. But Wordsworth the ethical element is left to in- neither financial embarrassment nor denuncia- ference. In the technique of verse, Bryant was tion by party press changed his attitude for a also a master. Moreover, he added dignity to moment. There was no letting down the high harmony, so that his blank verse often equalled standard Bryant had set for himself, and by the lofty melody of Milton. It is not neces- 1890.] 33 THE DIAL man. sary to attempt ranking Bryant in our litera- Jefferson was called to preside ; and in spite ture. He has no doubt sometimes been placed of his efforts to unite them, it was still but a too high, often too low, in the roll of honored confederacy of states and interests which, after ones. But his place is secure in the first rank eight years, he left face to face with the alter- of that coterie of poets who have made our lit-native of slavish submission to France and erature honored outside their own country. England or of going to war against them. The volume before us is not a strong one in But however weak and disunited his own its make-up, not the equal of others of the same country might be, Jefferson had strong coun- series, perhaps. The praise is sometimes ful tries and strong men to cope with abroad. Pitt some, and sometimes too meagre. There has and Canning in England, Godoy - The Prince been wasted, also, some effort on details that of Peace” in Spain, and Talleyrand and Napo- might better have been spent on more import leon in France, were no mean opponents. When ant facts. The chapter on Bryant the Tourist | one considers the odds against him, it may seem is an example, as well as the pages devoted to remarkable that Jefferson won so often as he Bryant's vote in the Presidential contest of did ; but when his movements are all fully ex- 1876. But the book is written with care, by plained, it seems the more remarkable that he a sincere admirer, and gives in compact form won at all. The best that can be said for him the principal points in a notable life, so that it is that, however wisely he planned his own will be gladly read by those who have learned movements, he seemed rarely to have any true to revere Bryant the poet, the editor, and the conception of the character and resources of OLIVER FARRAR EMERSON. the men with whom he coped. Thomas Jefferson came into office as the champion of Republicanism against an imag- THE STATESMANSHIP OF THOMAS ined tendency to Monarchism, of States' Rights JEFFERSON.* against the rights of the General Government, and of peace against war. Mr. Adams shows Thomas Jefferson was inaugurated Presi- that the real purposes of the man are not to be dent of the United States March 4, 1801, only found in his Inaugural Addresses and public twelve years after the adoption of the Consti- messages. It is in his private messages to tution ; and it is hard for men of to-day to get Congress, and in his private correspondence, clear and lasting conceptions of the condition that Jefferson's real opinions are preserved. of the country and people at that period. No His first Inaugural Address breathed nothing railroads, no steamboats, no telegraph, New but harmony, and in it he gravely said, “ We England was separated from Pennsylvania and are all Republicans, we are all Federalists,” Virginia by weary days of time and antago- while but two days afterward he expressed in nisms of political and economic interest, while a private letter his real belief in the monarch- the whole Atlantic coast was shut off from the ical plans of his predecessor : half-million settlers in the Ohio and Missis- « The tough sides of our argosie have been thoroughly sippi valleys by the huge uncompromising bar- tried. Her strength has stood the waves into which she rier of the Allegheny mountains. The com- was steered with a view to sink her. We shall put her mercial and physical isolation of New England on her Republican tack, and she will show by the beauty constantly invited intrigues and conspiracies of her motion the skill of her builders." for disunion, like that of Timothy Pickering As to the aggressions of foreign nations, and Roger Griswold; while dreams of a west- | he outlined in 1797, while still a minister to ern empire, with an outlet through the Missis- France, a policy that he afterward persistently sippi river, were but the product of existing | followed until it was proved a failure : physical and political conditions, and promised “We must make the interest of every nation stand good fuel for the fire of treasonable ambition surety for their justice, and their own loss to follow in- that smouldered in the breast of Aaron Burr. jury to us as effect follows its cause. As to everything Thus, in spite of the constitution that was to except commerce, we ought to divorce ourselves from them all." form - a more perfect union,” it was hardly more than a confederacy of states over which Shortly before his inauguration, with refer- ence to States' Rights and the powers of the * HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, during General Government, he wrote as follows: the Administrations of Thomas Jefferson. By Henry Adams. In four volumes. Vols. I. and II., The First Administration ; “The true theory of our Constitution is surely the Vols. III. and IV., The Second Administration. New York: wisest and best, that the states are independent as to Charles Scribner's Sons. I everything within themselves, and united as to every- 34 [June, THE DIAL thing respecting foreign nations. Let the General Gov- themselves, and afterward Jefferson, to believe ernment be reduced to foreign concerns only.”. that France had regained both Florida and In brief, Jefferson's plans for his administra Louisiana, and that, in buying out the rights tion, as explained by Mr. Adams, were to win of France, the United States had bought Flor- all political opinions to his own; to encourage ida as well as Louisiana. At first, Napoleon education, agriculture, and commerce; to cur seemed to favor this claim, but only to further tail the powers of the general government, and his own ends ; and for more than two years he to control foreign nations by directing at will continued to dangle the Floridas in the face of American commerce past their ports or into the United States as a possible reward for their them. subservience to him. Jefferson saw the trick There is space to give little more than a hint too late to save himself from the charge of un- of the mass of Jefferson's diplomatic corre restrained cupidity. spondence, of which hundreds of extracts are But cupidity was not a deadly sin in the given in Mr. Adams's history. Through the eyes of the people, and as the Algerian pirates magic medium of this correspondence, we are had been soundly thrashed, and Louisiana was transported to the pestilential battle-fields of being paid for while the Treasury surplus was St. Domingo, into the personal presence of the still growing larger, Jefferson was re-elected in Spanish “ Prince of Peace," before the inscrut 1804, and was increasingly popular. Indeed, able Talleyrand, nay, into the private bath-room he had so far succeeded in harmonizing the of the First Consul himself. All the separate politicians that in the Tenth Congress he con- levers that were working together to topple trolled four-fifths of the Senate and nearly over the vast territory of Louisiana into Amer- three-fourths of the House. He had so com- ican control are seen in action. Jefferson him municated his “ passion for peace" to the coun- self appears with a fragile instrument in his try that, in 1807, Congress responded to the hand, prying away at the vast weight after it “ Berlin Decree” of Napoleon and the English had begun to move, and flattering himself that “ Orders in Council," to French destruction of his own strength has set it in motion. Napo American merchantmen and British impress- leon sold this territory in opposition to the will ment of American seamen, only with an em- of France, and of Louisiana itself; and Jeffer- bargo upon American commerce. son went beyond his powers under the Consti Immediately revenue dwindled, smugglers tution, as he interpreted it, in accepting the multiplied and grew openly defiant, the na- purchase. But he did not stop here. tional tone was lowered, Government troops “Within three years of his inauguration, Jefferson coerced states and cities, ships were rotting at bought a foreign colony without its consent and against the wharves, and the nation was growing poor. its will, annexed it to the United States by an act which But still England and France did not feel he said made blank paper of the Constitution; and then themselves " compelled to do justice” to the he who had found his predecessors too monarchical, and United States. Jefferson's long-cherished plan the Constitution too liberal in powers,-- he who had of 6 peaceful coercion ” had been thoroughly nearly dissolved the bonds of society rather than allow his predecessor to order a dangerous alien out of the tried and had failed, and three days before his country in a time of threatened war,— made himself retirement from office the President signed the monarch of the new territory, and wielded over it, I repeal of Embargo. With the failure of Em- against its protests, the powers of its old kings." bargo Jefferson's popularity had also waned, Napoleon had directed Talleyrand to insert so that the Senate of the Eleventh Congress an obscurity in the Treaty, in regard to the refused to confirm the appointment of his friend boundary of Louisiana, and this obscurity led William Short as minister to Russia, although Jefferson into nothing but entanglement and he was already in Paris on his way to St. Peters- humiliation. In 1762, France had ceded Lou- | burg. isiana to Spain and the Floridas to Great Brit | Mr. Adams has done his work well, so well ain, and in 1783 the Floridas also came into that there will be no need for another to do it the possession of Spain. In 1800, Spain ret- again. He has turned the white light of truth roceded Louisiana to France, “ with the same upon every important alministrative act of extent that it now has in the hands of Spain Thomas Jefferson during the eight years of his and that it had when France possessed it.”. presidency, and most men who care more for Napoleon knew well that Florida had not been the truth than for their own opinion of the retroceded to him ; but Livingstone and Mon- truth will acknowledge themselves his debtor. roe, negotiators of the purchase, persuaded | While not aiming to be popular, the work is 1890.) 35 THE DIAL so written as to entertain earnest readers of the eminently competent editorship of Profes- history, as well as to instruct special students. sor Masson, an edition that seems likely to There is a complete index at the end of the prove the definitive one. Considering the vast second and fourth volumes. numbers of digestive organs, of every degree It is but justice that the author should have of robustness, that are taxed to their utmost the last word in his own cause and in descrip from month to month in order to provide en- tion of the man whose personality in these tertainment for the readers of the better sort pregnant years was frequently the government: of literary periodicals, it is certainly a notable “ On horseback, over roads impassable to wheels, circumstance when a writer of this class is so through storm and snow, he hurried back to Monticello, much as remembered a generation after his to recover in the quiet of home the peace of mind he death. Much more noteworthy is it that a had lost in the disappointments of his statesmanship. ... Twenty years elapsed before his political au- mere writer of periodical essays ranging over thority recovered power over the Northern people; for a vast extent of topics, a writer, too, whose not until Embargo and its memories faded from men's digestive organs had been hopelessly impaired minds did the mighty shadow of Jefferson's Revolution- by the opium-habit before the outset of his lit- ary name efface the ruin of his Presidency." erary career, should still have the energy to H. W. THURSTON. deliver to a book-ridden posterity significant memorials of himself filling fourteen volumes. With so many worthy contemporary claimants MASSON'S EDITION OF DE QUINCEY.* to our attention and to our purses, is it possible The biographer of Dr. Parr, and the editor that we, the Posterity for whom De Quincey of his works in eight octavo volumes (a certain did not write, can afford to bestow upon his Dr. Johnstone), gives solemn and sonorous ut fourteen volumes the number of hours and dol- terance to a lament that his hero did not, like lars requisite to the possession of them ? Clarendon, like Burnet, or like Tacitus, write Evidently the publishers of these well-print- a history of his own times, “ and deliver, as an ed,well-illustrated, and well-edited volumes have everlasting memorial to posterity, the charac answered this question satisfactorily to them- ters of those who bore a part in them.” Upon selves from a business point of view, for they which lament De Quincey comments as fol are able to offer this edition at a smaller price, lows: volume for volume, than we have had to pay “But, with submission, Posterity are a sort of people | hitherto for a less complete and otherwise infe- whom it is very difficult to get at; whatever other good rior edition. Without disparagement to the qualities Posterity may have, accessibility is not one of great American publishing house whose rela- them. A man may write eight octavos, specially ad- dressed to Posterity, and get no more hearing from the tions with De Quincey were so honorable to wretches than had he been a stock and they been stones. them and so advantageous to him, it must be As to those everlasting memorials' which Dr. John- admitted that the present edition is distinctly stone and Thucydides talk of, it is certainly advisable superior to theirs typographically, and incom- to deliver’ them—but troublesome and injurious to the digestive organs.” parably superior in its editing. Professor Mas- son is an ideal editor,-sympathetic, watchful, It is now upwards of a century since De scrupulous, unobtrusive. He provides each Quincey's birth (1785), and nearly three-score volume with an interesting biographical and and ten years since he won literary celebrity bibliographical preface, arranges the contents by the publication of the “ Confessions of an Opium-Eater" (1822). In the last decade of according to a rational plan, introduces foot- notes whenever there is occasion, and distrib- his life two collected editions of his works were utes the author's successive prolific crops of published ; his American publishers found a foot-notes in orderly fashion. Each volume market a few years ago for a third ; and now has a carefully engraved frontispiece portrait the Messrs. A. & C. Black, of Edinburgh,- of De Quincey or of members of his family, represented by the Messrs. Macmillan & Co. -the most beautiful and striking portrait in on this side the sea, — are publishing, under these five volumes being that of his daughter *THE COLLECTED WRITINGS OF THOMAS DE QUINCEY. Florence in Volume IV. There are also one New and Enlarged Edition in Fourteen Volumes. By Pro- | or two appropriate wood-cuts in each volume. fessor David Masson. Vol. I., Autobiography; Vol. II., Auto- biography and Literary Reminiscences; Vol. III., London A noble memorial this to a mere periodical Reminiscences and Confessions of an Opium-Eater; Vol. IV., essayist whose busy pen was laid down near a Biographies and Biographic Sketches; Vol. V., Biographies third of a century since. and Biographic Sketches. Edinburgh: A. & C. Black. New But is it justified ? York: Macmillan & Co. Can we admit that Tait and Blackwood and 36 [June, THE DIAL Hogg's Instructor contained, a half-century ing philosophy as a philosophical explanation back, metal more attractive than the great of the universe. The exposition of such a phi)- periodicals of to-day ? Has Time, that slayer osophy is the most imperative task laid upon and devourer of such prophets as Dr. Parr speculative thinkers to-day, and it is one to tax and Coleridge and Southey and Christopher their highest powers. North, and so many others, overlooked or dis To add to our interest in the matter, it is dained - little Mr. De Quincey”? To these on American soil and from American thinkers and other questions suggested by the volumes that this philosophy of the future is receiving before us, we purpose to attempt no answer its most important contributions. While we now. A few months later, when the whole owe to Herbert Spencer the word Evolution edition shall be in the hands of the public, we itself and the general concept of Evolution as hope to return to the subject and to analyze a single all-pervading natural process, it was those remarkable qualities of mind and style John Fiske rather than Herbert Spencer that by virtue of which this spirited writer is per first unfolded its religious and philosophical ennially fascinating. implications. And now another American- MELVILLE B. ANDERSON. Francis Ellingwood Abbot,-starting from the same ground but travelling in an exactly oppo- site direction from Spencer, has come to ex- TIIE PIILOSOPHY OF THE FUTURE.* actly opposite conclusions. Thus, while neither wishes to be considered as having spoken his Near the close of George Henry Lewes' vol final word on the subject, we have already, in uminous - History of Philosophy” occurs this outline, two radically different philosophies of discouraging statement : “ Thus has philosophy Evolution, which we are able to trace up to completed its circle, and we are left in this last Saturday night.” nineteenth century precisely at the same point Their common ground is,—(1) That Nature at which we were in the fifth." Were Mr. means the. All of Being, (2) that the only Lewes living to-day, he would certainly see road to knowledge of Nature is the Scientific cause to revise his statement in order to fit it Method. These are the new armor, the new to the last decade of the century. For while it appliances, the distinctive badges of nineteenth is true that philosophical problems are not yet century thought. What is old, as old as man's settled — and never can be until men's minds mind itself, is the difference of mental consti- are all made after the same pattern—it is not tution, whereby one man declares that we can true that " we are left at precisely the same know things as they exist in themselves, and point at which we were in the fifth.” The old | another asserts that we can never know these battle-ground is indeed the same, but the new in themselves, but merely as they seem to us. armor and appliances of war are so vastly dif Thus, one school of Evolution philosophy, to ferent that it gives an entirely new aspect to which Mr. Spencer has given the name Trans- the struggle. figured Realism, declares that the Scientific The fundamental question of philosophy to- Method applies only to phenomena, to the ap- day, as ever, is : Can we, or can we not, know pearances or shows of things, and has no pos- anything in itself, that is, not merely as it sible application to noumena, or things as they seems, but as it is ? On this question the really exist in their internal relations and con- world is now, as it always has been, divided stitutions. Its religious outcome is Agnosti- into two hostile camps, but they have now a cism. The other school, which Mr. Abbot has common point of agreement, unknown in the named Scientific Realism, declares that the old days; and this common agreement has re Scientific Method applies necessarily both to sulted, not, as Lewes imagined, in doing away phenomena and noumena, both to things as with the need of philosophy altogether, but they seem and to things as they are. rather in developing philosophy into unex Mr. Abbot's latest word on this subject, pected and highly surprising forms. The prac “ The Way out of Agnosticism,” is a very im- tically universal acceptance by scientists of portant word indeed. Its object is,—" to meet Evolution as a scientific explanation of the uni and defeat agnosticism on its own professed • verse implies the existence of some correspond grounds—the ground of science and philoso- phy; to show by a wholly new line of reason- *THE WAY OUT OF AGNOSTICISM; or, The Philosophy of Free Religion. By Francis Ellingwood Abbot, Ph.D. | ng araw | ing, drawn exclusively from those sources, that Boston: Little, Brown, & Co. | in order to refute agnosticism and establish 1890.] 37 THE DIAL D enlightened theism, nothing is now necessary It is a pity that such pleasant expectations, but to philosophize that very scientific method based upon successive experiences, should ever which agnosticism barbarously misunderstands | fail to be justified by the result. Why should and misuses." All readers of Mr. Abbot's not a man who has done well once, twice, and earlier work, - Scientific Theism ” — and they thrice, do as well, or better, always? There must be many, since it has reached its third is no denying, however, that the present vol- edition-will recognize this new work as its ume measurably disappoints us. The “ Imag- natural successor, and will be glad to learn inary Portraits” was hardly up to the level of that both are only preliminary to a more com the “ Marius” or the “ Renaissance,” and “Ap- plete exposition, the ground-plan of which is | preciations” falls definitely below it. It is made already thoroughly matured," although its lit-up of disconnected papers upon Wordsworth, erary execution is still incomplete. Coleridge, Lamb, and Sir Thomas Browne, It is certainly greatly to be hoped that lei upon several of Shakespeare's plays, upon sure and years will be granted Mr. Abbot in æsthetic poetry, and Dante Gabriel Rossetti. which to develop, to his own satisfaction, the There is a preliminary disquisition upon Style, momentous and severe enterprise which has and a postscript upon the classical and roman- been slowly taking shape as the result of thirty tic elements in literature. The papers range, years of cogitation by our chief American phil- in time, from an article begun in 1865 to an osopher. In the mean time, it is much that we article completed in 1889. They should reveal have a book so well-fitted to rescue Evolution | to us, therefore, something of their author's from the opprobrium with which it is regarded progress and development in letters. They in some quarters; one which proclaims that have their interest in that regard, but it is a “ the self-contradictory conjunction of Evolu- perplexing interest. If the substance of the tion and Agnosticism, in the so-called philos- thinking in Mr. Pater's latest work has gained ophy of the nineteenth century, is a mere in philosophic depth, if it is of more solid grain freak of the hour. ... The philosophy of and fibre than in his earlier essays, none the the future, founded upon the scientific method, less his peculiar excellence, the fine edge of must be organic through and through, and his style, is dulled and blunted. It is not from built upon the known organic constitution of | carelessness, from the riper man's absorption the noumenal universe as the assured result of in his theme and consequent neglect of the science itself.” ANNA B. McMAHAN. channels of expression. That might be a healthy token, giving promise of more mature and perfect work eventually. PATER'S " APPRECIATIONS." * But it is impossible to interpret the failure in that genial fashion. The trouble is in quite It is with very pleasurable anticipation that another direction. Mr. Pater has overworked any lover of literature for its own sake takes up a native vein. He has lost something of his a new book by the author of those delightful first crispness and freshness and vivacity. His papers upon - The Renaissance," of " Marius style, once so apt and choice and dainty, has the Epicurean," and of the “ Imaginary Por grown pedantic, has become entangled and in- traits." With his earliest volume Mr. Pater tricate. He plays tricks with language until we made his mark, and assumed his place well up resent his artifice. The muse forgives whimsi- in the ranks of the writers whose each success calness, but is intolerant of the tweezers applied ive issue the critic welcomes, and girds himself to her downy cheek or the apparatus of the to deal with. Here was plainly a man of pith manicure upon her taper fingers. Mr. Pater and likelihood who would be heard from again, sins by over-elaboration. He weakens the text- who had something to say to us in prose that | ure of his material by carving his had a distinction of its own, an aroma as pecu- “Laborious orient ivory sphere in sphere." liar as that of a Tangierine orange or of pat He would do better with less pains. We grow chouli. He felt and understood art, and could impatient over his tortuous movements, and are make his thoughts and emotions intelligible. ready to say to him, Most dainty sir, let your There were few contemporary authors from sentences sway and undulate, but do not insist whom we could venture to hope for as much that they should writhe. Over-conscious graces in the line of pure literature. in life or literature repel us. We do not care * APPRECIATIONS. With an Essay on Style. By Walter about all this ingenuity, this tampering with Pater. New York: Macmillan & Co. constructions, this dexterous interweaving of 38 [June, THE DIAL scourse of style: not remind your comn much and ---- - - - - dependent clauses. Let Pegasus cease to cur worth, Coleridge, and Charles Lamb. Even vet and sidle. A good roadster goes a steady the well-worn thoroughfares of Shakespeare pace for the most part, and needs neither spur are traversed with a fresh and ringing step. nor rein. It is well to study style, and be able 66 The ideal aspects of common things” are re- adroitly to discourse of style; and then it is vealed to us. You feel that you are in the well to lose sight of style, and not remind your company of one who has read much and gazed reader too perpetually of the medium through upon much and meditated much, who loves the which he perceives your thought. Mr. Pater best in art and letters and life, and has a dis- seems to have forgotten the charm of a light criminative sense of values. You would like touch and a careless attitude. He has become to turn over with him the pages of any famous Latinized. He has grown fond of the “ long author or any unfledged aspirant to authorship. contending victoriously intricate sentence”; You are sure that his interest would be alert, and the victory sometimes goes the other way. his sympathy inclusive, his taste catholic, his The construction is sometimes clumsy with con- views luminous, his judgment sober and sound. tortion. There are passages in the essay on You only wish no one had ever told him there - Style” where an intelligent listener, when is a magic in nicely articulated prose. You they are read aloud, may fail to catch the long to have him talk right on, "plunge soul- sense, nor be quite sure of it even on a second forward,” without too curiously picking his hearing. The fault is in a perverse theory. phrases, restraining the curves of his para- When, in the paper on Coleridge, Mr. Pater graphs, or enforcing too persistently “flaccid describes the artist as “ moving slowly over his spaces ” in his speech. work, calculating the tenderest tone and re- C. A. L. RICHARDS. training the subtlest curve, never letting hand cr fancy move at large, gradually enforcing flaccid spaces to the higher degree of express- “OLD COUNTRY LIFE.”* iveness," it is difficult for the gentlest reader “Old Country Life” takes us into the at- not to grow restless and cry out with Keats, mosphere of the good old times" before the who also was an artist, fever of socialism, materialism, atheism, natu- “O sweet Fancy, let her loose, Everything is spoilt by use,” ralism, and all the other isms of this modern age, had invaded and taken possession of the by this meddlesome handling and fussy pre- world. This age of subtle analyses, of infinite meditation. Calculated tenderness is fatal to desires and boundless irresponsibility, of wants spontaneous sweetness ; curves too much re- increased by intelligence, and of passions in- strained grow hard and mechanical ; and this stead of instincts, is for the nonce forgotten. gradually enforcing flaccid spaces —whatever We smell lavender, we have visions of old that may mean — is apt to strain the original châteaux, stately dames in brocades and snuff- outline. Better meagreness than dropsical puf- taking gentlemen in powdered wigs, quaint finess. Better unoccupied roominess than a old terraced gardens, paradises of roses and dense and jostling crowd of artfully compacted dreams, with sunny walks protected by vine- phrases. grown walls, stiff parterres, hollyhocks, phlox, One hates to say all this; it is only because mignonette, and boxwood hedges. We read Mr. Pater can be so delightful, that we are first about the old country families, how they vexed at his perversities and pedantries. It rose and flourished, and how they have in many would be unfair to let this be our last word instances vanished from the face of the earth. upon this volume. With all its defects, there They were simple folk. To quote Mr. Gould : is abundance to enjoy in it. These essays, with « The country gentry in those days were not very their finical title, “ Appreciations,” are genu- wealthy. They lived very much on the produce of the inely appreciative. Mr. Pater knows his sub- home farm, and their younger sous went into trade, and jects, and discusses them with true insight and their daughters, without any sense of degradation, mar- sensitive sympathy. The essential elements of ried yeomen.” style are well defined, however faultily illus It seems that even to marry a blacksmith was trated. The distinction between the classic and not considered very terrible for a young woman romantic schools in literature, and especially in of quality, as a daughter of the house of Glan- French literature, is admirably stated. There #Old COUNTRY LIFE. By S. Baring-Gould, M.A. With is very much that is just and well put, if noth- Illustrations by W. Parkenson, F. D. Bedford, and F. Masy. ing very novel, in the treatment of Words- | Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott Company. 1890.] 39 THE DIAL ville was allowed to marry a Tavistock black first thirty years of this century, when it violated all smith, and he was entered as “ faber" in the true principles of construction, and manifested neither pedigree they enrolled with the heralds. “It invention nor taste in design." was quite another matter when one of the sons Mr. Gould next gives us a charming chapter or daughters was guilty of misconduct; then on “ The Old Garden,” in which he mourns the he or she was struck out of the pedigree.” The fast disappearing ones of Rome. Whoever has English aristocracy of to-day might copy their loitered in the Ludovisi gardens on a sunny ancestors in this respect with profit. afternoon, or picked violets in the green alleys Mr. Gould proceeds to draw attention to the of the Borghese or Rospigliosi palaces, must fact that — join in these lamentations. There is a melan- “ The occasion of that irruption of false pride relative choly charm about these old gardens which a to soiling the hands' with trade was the great change new one, however beautiful, cannot possess. that ensued after Queen Anne's reign. ... Vast The romance of centuries, the spell of the mys- numbers of estates changed hands, passed away from the old aristocracy into the possession of men who had terious, is there. Men and women have come amassed fortunes in trade, and it was among the chil- and gone, leaving no visible trace, but the trag- dren of these rich retired tradesmen that there sprang edies and comedies of human life pulsate in the up such a contempt for whatever savoured of the shop very air we breathe. The gold-dust of sun- and the counting-house." beams, the concentrated perfume of a thousand It is very curious to notice the evolution in flowers, float about us. houses since the fourteenth century. That they Mr. Gould makes a plea for the graceful were more picturesque than cheerful or comfort and dignified miruets and measures of our fore- able, we should imagine from the description of fathers. He says that “the dance as a fine art the original manor-house of the Arundels : is extinct among us. It has been expelled by “ This house consisted of three courts; one is a mere the intrusive waltz.” He would wish to substi- garden court, through which access was had to the main tute “ Sweet Kate,” - Bobbing Joan," or " The entrance; through this passed the way into the prin- Triumph.” cipal quadrangle. The third court was for stables and cattle-sheds. Now this house has but a single window Our author gives us some very curious and in it looking outwards, and that is the great hall win interesting facts in regard to heredity, in his dow; all the rest look inwards into the tiny quadrangle, chapter on - Family Portraits.” By calcula- which is almost like a well, never illumined by the sun, tion, he imparts to us the astounding and con- so small is it." fusing information that “ in the reign of Henry Mr. Gould also speaks of an old English house, III. there were over a million independent in- Upcott by name, which shows how extremely dividuals, walking, talking, eating, marrying, primitive customs were in England, even at a whose united blood was to be, in 1889, blended comparatively late date: in your veins.” No wonder that Schopenhauer " This house has or had but a single bedroom, ... defined a human being as the “possibility of in which slept the unmarried ladies of the family and the maid servants, and where was the nursery for the many contradictions.” babies. All the men of the family, gentle and serving, In the reign of Elizabeth, music was brought slept in the hall about the fire, on the straw and fern to great perfection. At that time, every gen- and broom that littered the pavement." tleman was expected to be able to play or sing With the Tudor monarchs came in the era at sight, and wherever men and women met of broad wide windows, stately staircases, and part-songs were sung. The Elizabethan poets the fine carved oak furniture of the German were so permeated with this spirit of music Renaissance. Marquetry became the fashion that in their poems we feel the music between under William and Mary; and under Louis the lines. With the idealism, the burning note XIV. Monsieur André Buhl fashioned the ex of passion and of love, the glowing imageries quisite cabinets, adorned with a marquetry of imprisoned in rhyme, the intensity, the fresh- tortoise-shell and brass, which are known as ness, the spontaneity, of the poetry of the Eliz- Buhl cabinets to this day. With Louis XV. abethan age, is always combined the lyrical came the reign of rococo. White and gold element. Some of these poems almost sing walls, decorated panels and brilliant colors, themselves. Even the serving-maids, we read took the place of the oak panels and demi-tints in Pepys' “ Diary,” entertained their masters of Elizabethan times. Then came Chippen- and mistresses with music of various kinds. dale, Heppelwhite, and Sheraton, then “ the In those days, however, very few persons kept deluge.” As Mr. Gould pertly says, servants, and they were often taken from among “ The only furniture that cannot be loved is that of the their own relatives. Pepys took his own sister ve: 40 [June, THE DIAL to be servant in his house, and afterward two long ago as during or just after the glacial epoch. young ladies, acquaintances of his wife's broth Theories based on alleged affinities between the er, as his sister's temper proved unsatisfac Mongolian and American races he regards as un- tory. “Our forefathers do not seem at one supported, either by linguistics, the history of cul- time to have thought that domestic service was ture, or physical resemblances. He rejects the current notion of a Toltec race and a Toltec em- derogatory to gentility.” Menial, Mr. Gould pire as a baseless fable. Tula was merely one of points out, simply means within walls, from the the towns built and occupied by that tribe of the Latin intra-moenia, which, by the way, he erro- Nahuas known as Azteca or Merica, who finally neously writes intra-menia. Menial service thus settled at the present City of Mexico. Its inhab- simply meant in-door work, and involved no itants were called Toltecs, but there was never any social degradation. When we read how Pepys such distinct tribe or nationality. They enjoyed and his wife amused themselves by spending no supremacy, either in power or in the arts, and their evenings with their servants, listening to what gave them their singular fame in later legend pretty Mary Mercer sing, or Mary Ashewell was the tendency of the human mind to glorify the play on the harpsicon, we ask if that was not * good old times," and to merge ancestors into di- vinities. As Americans by adoption, Dr. Brinton in those times more true social equality than urges upon American scholars the duty and the in- is found in the boasted democracy of to-day. terest of studying a race so unique and so absolutely Mr. Gould is perhaps too much inclined to autochthonous in its culture. A century more, and retrospective optimism, but this tendency is scarcely a native of pure blood will be found ; the fully compensated by the thoroughly sympa tribes and languages of to-day will have been ex- thetic way in which it enables him to treat his tinguished or corrupted. Every day the progress subject. His book is quaintly illustrated, and of civilization, ruthless of the monuments of bar- the publishers' work is exceptionally well done. barism, is destroying the feeble vestiges of the an- cient race; mounds are levelled, embankments dis- GENEVIEVE GRANT. appear, the stones of temples are built into factories, the holy places desecrated; the opportunity of re- covering something from this wreck of a race and BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. its monuments is one which will never again pre- sent itself in such fulness. Certainly we should all The reader of Dr. Brinton's “ Essays of an Amer- be grateful for such labors, if they can yield such icanist” (Porter & Coates) can hardly fail to catch interesting fruits as those contained in Dr. Brinton's some of the author's enthusiasm for the department chapters on - Native American Poetry " or "Ameri- of study in which he is our most noted specialist. can Languages, and Why We Should Study Them.” The work is a collection of twenty-eight essays, In these we learn that a well-developed American most of which have been first read as papers before tongue, such as the Aztec or the Algonquin, is for various learned societies, and are here grouped into most uses quite equal to the French or English ; four general classes : Ethnologic and Archæologic; that not only are almost all savage tribes passion- Mythology and Folk-Lore; Graphic Systems and ate lovers of music and verse, of measure and song, Literature ; Linguistic. Dr. Brinton's scholarly and but that the Eskimo—the boreal, blubber-eating, original researches in these fields have brought him ice-bound Eskimo—hold the verse-making power to some conclusions considerably different from the in such esteem that genuine tourneys of song, not commonly accepted ones, all tending to give the unlike those in fair Provence in the days of la gaye American race a higher psychologic place than has science, occur in the long winter nights, between heretofore been granted. At the outset, the author the champions of villages. The more one becomes dismisses as trivial all attempts to connect the Amer acquainted with works like the present volume, the ican race genealogically with any other, or to trace more one recognizes the importance of Locke's po- the typical culture of this continent to the historic sition—for which Cousin was so angry with him- forms of the Old World. Accepting the theory that that no study of psychology can afford to do with- man as a species spread from one primal centre, out examination of mind as it is manifested by the and that each of the great continental areas moulded uncivilized and savage. this plastic primitive man into a race subtly corre- lated with its environment, he considers that the A SPECIALLY dainty volune containing the “Dra- earliest Americans came here as immigrants; that matic Opinions” of that sterling English actress, the racial type of the American Indian was devel Mrs. Kendal, is issued by Little, Brown, & Co. The oped on its own soil, and constitutes as true and “ ()pinions” were first published in “ Murray's Mag- distinct a sub-species as do the African or the White azine,” and as they were taken viva voce, they par- races. At what period the process began he does take of the nature of an “ Interview.” It will be not undertake to determine in the present state of readily agreed that Mrs. Kendal's views on things geologic knowledge; but certainly at a much more histrionic are entitled to consideration. Few have distant time than has been commonly fixed, -- as I had greater experience in the matters whereof she 1890.] 41 THE DIAL speaks. Her ancestors like those of Mr. Vincent wreath or flower that might have seemed too hum- Crummles's pony—were all “in the profession”; and ble to offer to the man living. Such are the vol- she tells us that her blood - burns with enthusiasm umes “ Browning Memorial” (University Press, when speaking of our long line of descent from ac Cambridge) and · Browning Personalia" (Hough- tors of old.” Mrs. Kendal seems to have made an ton, Mifflin & Co.)-two of the daintiest and most early début as Eva, in “Uncle Tom's Cabin.” “I beautiful books that have come to hand for many a was put," she says, “in a kind of machine, some day. The “ Memorial ” is in white paper covers, thing was put round my waist, and I went up in a silken-tied, and contains, besides the addresses, let- sort of apotheosis.” Later, she became leading lady | ters, songs, and hymns which made up the Boston in a Hull theatre, where she 6 played everything Browning Society's programme at its Memorial from Lady Macbeth to Papillonneita. Papillon Service, pictures of the exterior and interior of netta was a lady with wings, in a burlesque of Mr. King's Chapel where the services were held, Janu- Brough's. The wings were invented by Mr. Brough, ary 28, 1890, and a portrait of Browning in his and they used to wind up and flap for about ten later years. The other volume is by Edmund Gosse, minutes, and you then had to run off and be wound and contains his valuable story of The Early Ca- up again.” Lack of space forbids us tracing Mrs. reer of Robert Browning," written in 1881 and Kendal's career, the phases of which she portrays printed in the “Century” for December of that with great vivacity. As is implied in its title, her year; also Gosse's “ Personal Impressions" as given book is largely made up of criticism ; and her judg in the issue of " The New Review” following Brown- ments are marked by good sense, good-nature, and ing's death. As the neighbor and close friend of frankness. She does not fully approve of the pres Browning for twelve years, Mr. Gosse had special ent tendency of prominent stage professionals to | opportunity for intimacy with the poet, and, indeed, seek society. “ If you are a bitterly conscientious wrote the first paper under his personal supervision. person, and act up to the hilt, I defy you night after Therefore, it is well to have a reprint of these mag- night to go out, after your work, or even two or azine articles in a book not only so beautiful to the three times a week." We commend the following eye, but so satisfying to the common and not un- to a certain class of commentators : “ It would be worthy desire of mankind to know something of impossible for any ordinary persons, if they were the daily life of those who by their writings have to live to be hundreds of years old, and thought given us some part of their own vision into the only of cultivating their minds, to tell you, from “infinite in things,” and thus transformed our own their own small range of thought, what Shakespeare lives forever after. meant." The following incident in Mrs. Kendal's career we believe to have been a rare one: “A man It is satisfactory to be able at last to say that came into the stalls rather late, and looked about a there is a compendious history in English of the good deal, and yawned so markedly, one could not territories ruled over by the Austrian princes. Mrs. help noticing him. It was very trying, but at the Birkbeck Hill's translation of Professor Louis Le- end of the second act he went out altogether, and ger's - Histoire de l'Autriche-Hongrie ” begins didn't return. This little episode made me cry for badly in mangling the very title into - A History about three days.” We trust this paragraph may of Austro-Hungary” (Putnam), and yet the book is better than its translation. The choice of Edward meet the eyes of the yawning gentleman-and oth- ers of his kind. “ Dramatic Opinions” is a bright A. Freeman to write a preface to the translation and amusing book, and may be taken, perhaps, as was not a happy one, as that distinguished historian an earnest of what the author means to give us can never write calmly about his pet aversion, the some day in the way of a serious addition to stage Austrian dynasty. But, getting beyond translator and prolocutor, we find a most serviceable volume literature. of 650 pages. The author has done well to devote Few poets live long enough to see the indiffer- nearly half his space to the times since the accession ence or scorn, which seems to be their almost invari of Maria Theresa, for he is far best where the par- able reception at the hands of contemporaries, trans tial unification of the composite realm of the Haps- formed into sympathetic and responsive appreciation. burgs makes possible a single continuous narrative. Robert Browning was more fortunate than most men | Where, in the earlier pages, the author attempts to in this respect, although indeed his happiness must deal separately with the narratives of Austria, B)- have been much qualified by the large amount of hemia, and Hungary, he fails to produce satisfac- empty and undiscriminating applause which, to a tory work. His chapters are sketchy, and barren sensitive soul, cannot fail to be more distasteful of human interest. We believe that a historian like than even scorn or indifference. This latter class Freeman or Green could have here grasped the were noisy and numerous enough to create a new unity in the midst of apparent segregation, and “ fad” around the Browning name, and thus to would have given us a living and glowing narra- make genuine Browning-lovers shy of confessing tive. We miss in this first portion any adequate their real feelings. These are now breaking through account of what is so large a part of earlier mediæ- their reserve, and under the stress of a severe sense val history—the institutions of a people. Especially of loss no longer hesitate to lay on the grave the is the earlier history of the arch-duchy neglected. 42 [June, THE DIAL No reader would get from this volume alone a due rying them through.” He gave to the world the conception of the importance of the Thirty Years map of a large portion of the Pacific Ocean, from War to either Austria or Bohemia. But with 1740 Arctic to Antarctic, and was the first to discover an the book becomes more satisfactory, and expands anti-scorbutic, for which he should ever be gratefully into a valuable study of the institutional as well as remembered. It is singular that, while Mr. Besant military and political history. We should have anticipates and alludes in retrospect to this valuable liked to see more appreciation of the personal ele discovery as one of Cook's most important services, ment. We get no glimpse of the personality be one hardly notices the actual account of it, so slight- hind the taciturn mask of the subtle Kaunitz, or ly is it alluded to Mr. Besant should be heartily of the Metternich who for thirty years stayed the ashamed to have closed his account of Cook's death, progress of a large section of Europe by a pol at the hands of the people who had thought him a icy expressed in his borrowed aphorism,—“ Après god, with a pitiable attempt at humor over a fallen moi le déluge." Still, the facts are carefully pre hero. One cannot help thinking, in consequence, sented, and as a handbook the work will find a use of the dead lion in the fable. If the writer were ful place in any library. better able to keep Mr. Besant out of his accounts of other people he would make a more successful CHARLES MORDAUNT, Earl of Peterborough, was biographer. probably the most versatile Englishman of the times of Queen Anne. As erratic as he was brilliant, his TO ANY readers who may be looking for the life seems one in which the ordinary laws of conduct shortest cut to an easy acquaintance with modern are suspended, and the answer to the why and the French fiction in the original, we can confidently wherefore cannot be satisfactorily given. To entrust commend a unique series of Notes, by Edward T. the command-in-chief in a great international war Owen, Professor of French at the University of to a man nearly fifty years of age who had hitherto Wisconsin, published by Holt & Co. The notes to never seen a battle or a book of tacties, and who Victor Hugo's " Toilers of the Sea” (Travailleurs de was known merely as a hanger-on at court and a la Mer) form a stout pamphlet of 238 pages. They politician, might seem the height of folly; yet Peter- are simply a dictionary, page for page, to all the difficulties of word, phrase, and allusion, with which borough proved himself to be not only a dashing but a great general. In his recently published biogra- this work bristles. Any student of French who has phy of this eccentric character in the « English Men tried to find his way through one of Hugo's stories, of Action " series (Macmillan), Mr. Stebbing has with the aid of even the best dictionaries, will ap- preciate the value of Mr. Owen's notes, which are attempted to remove not only the cloud of adverse misrepresentation which hangs over his subject, but the result of patient and long-continued researches, also to resolve some of the legend which has grown pushed, in some instances, to the very threshold of around his hero. After agreeing with Colonel Ar- Hugo's residence. The author has freely given his thur Parnell in his - History of the War of the Suc- time and scholarship to this thankless task, in order cession,” and relegating the supposititious Captain to save the time of all who shall henceforth attempt Carleton and his memoirs to "the limbo of histor- to read this romance. The same remarks apply to ical romance," he shows that the estimate there put the less voluminous notes to Sand's “ Petite Fa- upon Peterborough's part in the war is confirmed dette” (Fanchon the Cricket), Feuillet's “ Ro- by the very highest historical evidence. In the mance of a Poor Young Man," and to Balzac's chapter entitled “ Was he an Imposter?” he with “ Ursule Mirouet.” The careful reading of these equal cogency shows that Colonel Parnell's attempt masterpieces will enable anyone to cope with the to give the credit for the Peninsular Campaigns to difficulties of any modern French book; and it everyone rather than to Peterborough is futile in would be foolish for anyone whose knowledge of the face of the facts. But while Mr. Stebbing is French is something less than masterly to attempt determined and successful in vindicating the mili- these works without the aid of Mr. Owen’s notes. tary career of Peterborough, he makes little effort to furnish him with a character. In truth, the one The value of the study of mythology as a contri- thing this worthy lacked to make him one of En- bution to the history of the human mind is now gland's greatest men was high and constraining pur- universally recognized. The consequence is a new pose in his life. Mr. Stebbing has written an at- | impetus given to the collection, preservation, and tractive book, both in material and presentation. publication of the myth-stories of all nations, civi- i lized and savage, with the aim of contributing fresh ANOTHER volume in the same series is Walter Be- | material for the advancement of comparative myth- siant's Captain Cook.” Mr. Besant calls Cook with ology. One of the latest of such books is Jeremiah truth the greatest navigator of any age." He fur Curtin's - Myths and Folk-Lore of Ireland " (Little, ther says of him, " It is certain that there was not in Brown, & Co.). It contains twenty myth-tales, re- the whole of the king's navy any officer who could cently collected by the author personally in those compare with Cook in breadth and depth of knowl. parts of Ireland where Gaelic is still spoken, and eilge in forethought, in the power of conceiring where alone they are preserved. Mr. Curtin claims great designs, and in courage and pertinacity in car- , that they contain many myth-facts which have per- 1890.] 43 THE DIAL ished elsewhere. The Kelts having left the home The latest completed volume of " The Century Mag- of the Aryan race at a period far anterior to any azine,” mumber xxxix., is sent us by the publishers in of the other migrations, their mythology shows sur- the usual beautiful gold cloth binding. The volume vivals of an ancient time, and by throwing light on contains nearly a thousand pages and over four hundred many myths, and by connecting non-Aryan with illustrations, and is, altogether, such a treasure of lit- erary miscellany and beautiful pictures as can hardly Aryan mythology, renders a service for which we be found in the same compass elsewhere. should look in vain elsewhere. In an Introduction The interest in the works of Henrik Ibsen is still in- of thirty pages, Mr. Curtin traces the origin of the creasing, and is one of the marked literary features of vulgar conception of myths as synonymous with lies, the day. The third and fourth volumes of his plays, and gives his reason for ranking these old tales as edited by Archer, are announced as nearly ready by the most comprehensive and splendid statements Scribner & Welford. A comprehensive critical biogra- of truth known to man. phy of Ibsen, written by Henrik Jaeger, and lately pub- lished in Copenhagen, has been translated into English DOUBTLESS M. Imbert de Saint-Amand feels that by Mr. William Morton Payne, and will be published it is a great deal easier to make a book out of other in the early Fall by A. C. McClurg & Co. people's books than to make a book of one's own. « Elel'sis," a little volume of verse in the metrical His - Wife of the First Consul ” (Scribner) ---a se- | | form and somewhat in the style of Tennyson's “ In ries of vivid pictures of the court of Napoleon and Memoriam,” has just appeared in an edition privately Josephine from the first consulate to the death of printed in Chicago. No clue to its authorship is given, Enghien-is made up largely of extracts from Bour- , but the work discloses evidence of a new and distinct- rienne, Madame de Remusat, Madame Campan, the ive force in American poetry. It has, what our modern Duchess of Abrantès, and “ a host of others," as the poetry painfully lacks, a serious and well-meditated theme; and although this theme is not a new one-- it is play-bills say. By those not already familiar with as old, indeed, as the introspective tendencies of the the materials used, the result will be found very human soul-it is treated in a manner that has almost readable. M. de Saint-Amand's opinion is usually the stamp of genins. It is a sad strain which this new given much after the fashion of that of Mr. Bagnet singer gives us, but so sweet and thrilling that we can in - Bleak House”; but it may be gathered that he forgive its sadness. still tends to the idea that Napoleon was the creator WEBSTER's Dictionary, as is well known, has been rather than the creature of events. The volume is so greatly improved and enlarged, since the appearance attractive as to externals, and the author is specially of the original edition of 1847, as to be practically a fortunate in his translator, Mr. Thomas Sergeant new work, and almost entirely to supersede the old edi- Perry. tion among intelligent people. But, unfortunately, all people, even among dictionary-users, are not highly in- It would be hard to find a pleasanter road to as- telligent, as is proved by the large sales of a recent tronomical knowledge than through - Star-Land” cheap reprint of the original Webster, the copyright on (Cassell), as described by Sir Robert S. Ball, the | that particular edition having lately expired. Now, Royal Astronomer of Ireland. Although based on although the newer editions of the dictionary are so a course of lectures delivered to children, it is a much better than the old that no one who could buy book which all ages will enjoy reading. Its simple the new should want the old at any price, yet, since story-book style has not interfered with scientific any dictionary may be better than no dictionary, there accuracy, nor excluded the consideration of many ob- could perhaps be no valid objection to the reissue of the superannuated edition—provided the facts in the case seure and not generally understood matters. From were fully stated, without misrepresentation or conceal- the somewhat familiar lore of the sun, moon, and ment. Such, however, is not the case. The book is inner planets, the author has passed on to include put forward simply as “ Webster's Dictionary," and as such difficult subjects as how Neptune was discov- the substantial equivalent of “an eight to twelve dollar ered, how we find the distances of the stars and book," when it is no such equivalent at all, being a re- what they are made of, the nature and movements print of an edition nearly half a century old and hence of meteors, etc. When an author succeeds in mak quite behind the times, printed not from type but from ing clear and fascinating stories out of such themes rough “process ” plates, cheaply bound, and altogether a wholly inferior and comparatively worthless affair. he is entitled to very high praise indeed, and the The project is not only a deception upon the public, but present work is quite a masterpiece of this art. an injury to the legitimate publishers of Webster's Dic- Ninety-two illustrations increase the value of the tionary, and cannot but be condemned by all right- work, and aid the elucidation. minded persons who once understand the case. ---- - --- That within a brief period international copyright will be an accomplished fact in America, is almost as LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS. certain as any probable fact of the future—say, the The report of Dr. Poole, Librarian of the Newberry general advance of civilization. The opposition of nar- Library, Chicago, shows that 16,492 books and 1,816 row intelligences and archaic prejudices may a little pamphlets, costing $38,618, were added during the further delay this result, but cannot prevent it. The past year, giving a total of 37,375 books and 12,319 recent vote of Congress was disappointing and mortify- pamphlets now open to the public. The trustees ex- | ing, but not disheartening. Patiently and resolutely pect to begin the erection of the permanent library the friends of the good cause must prepare themselves building during the present year. for another struggle, encouraged by the hope that it THE DIAL [June, will prove the final and victorious one. The practical Fiction, Realism in. Edmund Gosse. Forum. pledge of the Senate to a copyright enactment, and the Fiction, Reality in. Agnes Repplier. Lippincott. narrow margin of votes by which the House of Repre- Glacial Action in S. E. Connecticut. D. A. Wells. Pop. Sci. Glass-Making. C. H. Henderson. Popular Science. sentatives failed to pass the recent bill the first ever Grady, Henry W. J. W. Lee. Arena. brought to the test of a vote in that body,--leave little Homer and the Bible. W. C. Wilkinson. Century. room for doubt as to the final outcome. It should now, House of Representatives, The. Hannis Taylor. Atlantic. Ibsen as a Dramatist. Hamlin Garland. Irena. indeed, be more a matter of concern as to the specific Japan, An Artist's Letters from. J. La Farge. Century. provisions of the bill which Congress is to be asked to Jefferson's Statesmanship. H. W. Thurston. Dial. pass, than of anxiety to secure the passage of anything, Justice. Herbert Spencer. Popuiar Science. little matter what, that could bear the title of an inter- 1 Kenton. Simon. Annie E. Wilson. Mag. American History. Letters and Life. Prof. Hardy. Andorer. national copyright act. It is not improbable that the Lincoln Memoranda. H. De Garrs and others. Century. cause has suffered somewhat from this over-anxiety, London Polytechnics. Albert Shaw. Century. and from the over-accommodating spirit of those hav- Masson's De Quincey. M. B. Anderson. Diai. ing the bill in charge. To please everyone, and con- ' Warion National Sovereignty. J. A. Jameson. Pol. Sci. Quarterly. Nationalism. Bernard Moses, and others. Overland. ciliate every real or fancied adverse interest, new clauses New England and New Tariff Bill. R. Q. Mills. Forum. and changes and amendments were introduced, some of New Yorkers, Some Old. C. K. Tuckerman. Mag. Am. Hist. them wise but many foolish, until the bill had been! | Novels and Common Schools. C. D. Warner. Atlantic. ** Old Country Life." Genevieve Grant. Dial. transformed almost beyond recognition by its own orig Over the Teacups. 0. W. Holmes. Atlantic. inators, and quite past the comprehension of the gen Pantheistic Theism. F. H. Johnson. Andover. eral public. It was thus weakened in the eyes of its Pater's " Appreciations." C. A. L. Richards. Dial. Persian Farm Life. S. G. W. Benjamin. Cosmopolitan. friends, while exposed more openly to the attacks of its Philosophy of the Future. Anna B. McMahan. Diai. enemies. This mistake ought not, and probably will Politics, Fetichism in. H. C. Lea. Forum. not, be made again. A compromise measure is often Political Parties. F. A. Becher. Mag. American History. wise and right, but compromise may be carried too far. Preterition. G. A. Strong. Andover. Protection. Wm. McKinley, Jr. North American. The bill which we may now expect to see passed by Race Question. W.C.P. Breckenridge. Arena. Congress will be a simpler and stronger bill than the Range-Finding at Sea. Park Benjamin. Harper. one that lately failed, and thus the failure may work Ryder, Albert Pinkham. Henry Eckford. Century. a benefit in the end. Schools and Colleges. C. W. Eliot. Arena. The managers of the next cam- Schwann, Theodor. M. Léon Frédérieq. Popular Science, paign will doubtless know how to profit by the experi Sea's Encroachments. W. J. McGee. Forum. ence of the last. Whatever measure they place before Social Institutions, Classification of. S. W. Dyke. Andover, Congress and the people should be well-digested in ad- Spanish Writers. Rollo Ogden. Cosmopolitan. Taxation, Comparative. Edward Atkinson. Century. vance, and prepared by the best legal talent obtainable. Telegraph, Public Control of. B. C. Keeler. Forum. Perhaps the creation of a Copyright Commission, to go Tennyson and Our Age. J. T. Bixby. Arena. over the whole ground and draft a bill to be presented Tin. M. B. de Saint Pol Lias. Popular Science. with its report, would be the best measure to ask of Universities and the Working Population. M. I. Swift. And. Wainwright, Jonathan M. Roy Singleton. Mag. Am. Hist. Congress at its next session. A commission composed West-Indian Half-Breeds. Lafcadio Hearn. Cosmopolitan. of eminent jurists and scholars--for example, Hon. E. - -- J. Phelps, Judge Thomas M. Cooley, and George Will- iam Curtis,-might be confidently looked to for a re- BOOKS OF THE MONTH. port that would at once form a most valuable contribu- [The following list includes all books received by THE DIAL tion to the literature of the subject, and secure the during the month of May, 1890.] passage of a solid and satisfactory copyright law. LITERARY MISCELLANY. Essays and Studies. Educational and Literary. By Basil TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. Lanneau Gildersleeve. Sq. Svo, pp. 512. Uncut. N. Murray. $3.50. June, 1890. Old Friends. Essays in Epistolary Parody. By Andrew Lang. With Frontispiece. 16mo, pp. 205. Gilt top. Africa, American Interest in. H. S. Sanford. Forum. Agnosticism. J. A. Skilton. Popular Science. Longmans, Green & Co. $2.00. Animal and Plant Lore. Mrs. F. D. Bergen. Popular Science. , English Poetry and Poets. By Sarah Warner Brooks. Antiquity of Man and Egyptology. A. D. White. Pop. Sci. 8vo, pp. 306. Gilt top. Uncut. Estes & Lauriat. $2.00. Arabie Lands, Exhaustion of. C. W. Davis. Forum. Introduction to the Study of Dante. By George Add- Architecture, Utility in. Barr Ferree. Popular Science. ington Symonds. With Frontispiece. Second Edition. Balfour's Land Bill. C. S. Parnell. North American, 8vo, pp. 288. Uncut. Macmillan & Co. $1.75. Barbizon and Millet. T. H. Bartlett. Scribner. The Best Elizabethan Plays. Edited by William Roscoe Bismarck. G. M. Wahl. Harper. Thayer, author of “ Hesper." 12mo, pp. 611. Ginn & Boker, George H. R. H. Stoddard. Lippincott. Co. $1.10. Bryant, William C. 0. F. Emerson. Dial. The Collected Writings of Thomas De Quincey. By Burlesque, The American. L. Hutton. Harper. David Masson. In 14 Vols. Vol. VII., Historical Es- Caucasus, Through the. E. M. de Vogué. Harper. says and Researches. 16mo, pp. 456. Uncut. Macmil- Census Methods. R. M. Smith. Political Science Quarterly. lan & Co. $1.25. Chapbook Heroes. Howard Pyle. Harper. Chinese Culture and Civilization. R. K. Douglas. Lippincott. Midnight Talks at the Club. Reported by Amos K. Fiske. City Houses. Russell Sturgis. Scribner. 16mo, pp. 298. Gilt top. Fords, Howard & Hulbert. $1. Controllers and the Courts. C. B. Elliott. Pol. Sci. Quar. Stage-Land: Curious Habits and Customs of Its Inhabit- Criminal Politics. E. L. Godkin. North American. ants. Described by Jerome K. Jerome, author of " Idle Culture and Current Orthodoxy. A.J. F. Behrends. Forum. Thoughts of an Idle Fellow." Illustrated by J. Bernard Eclucation and Crime. A. W. Gould. Popular Science, Partridge. 12mo, pp. 158. Henry Holt & Co. $1.00, Eight-Hour Agitation. F. A. Walker Atlantic. Eight-Hour Movement. Andover. BIOGRAPHY. Elections, Federal Control of. T. B. Reed. North American. Horatio Nelson and the Naval Supremacy of England. By Emin Pasha Relief Expedition. H. M, Stanley. Scribner. W. Clark Russell, anthor of "The Wreck of the Grosve- England, Do Americans Hate? North American. nor." With the Collaboration of William H. Jacques. Epidemic Diseases. Cyrus Edson. Forum. Illustrated. 12mo, pp. 357. Putnam's "Heroes of the Episcopacy, Reinstitution of. C. C. Starbuck. Andover. Nation." $1.50. 1890.] 45 THE DIAL House. John Jay. By George Pellew. 12mo, pp. 374. Gilt top. The Stories of the Three Burglars. By Frank R. Stock- Houghton's " American Statesmen” Series. $1.25. ton, author of “Rudder Grange." 12mo, pp. 159. Dodd, The Rev. J. G. Wood: His Life and Work. By the Rev. Mead & Co. $1.00. Theodore Wood, F.E.S., author of “ Our Insect Allies." Beatrice. By H. Rider Haggard, author of "She." Illus- With a Portrait. Svo, pp. 318. The Cassell Publishing trated. iomo, pp. 319. Harper & Brothers. 75 cents. Co. $2.50. Aline. By Henry Gréville. Translated by Rear Admiral Adventures of a Younger Son. By Edward John Tre William G. Temple. 16mo, pp. 230. Paper. 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A GREAT NATIONAL WORK. EVANSTON, ILL. Fall Term begins September 17, 1890. Send for Catalogue. By E. C. STEDMAN and E. M. Hutchinson. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS. WASHINGTON, Dec. 20, 1889. URBANA, ILL. P. O. CHAMPAIGN. I do not see how any school in America can spare this work from its reference library for teachers and pupils. I am sure Courses in Agriculture; Engineering, Civil, Mechanical, and that every private individual will purchase it for his own Mining ; Architecture; Chemistry; Natural History; Lan- library, if he has to cut off for a time his purchase of other guages, Ancient and Modern. Women Admitted. Prepar- literature. Very respectfully, W. T. HARRIS, atory Class. SELIM H. PEABODY, LL.D., President. U.S. Commissioner of Education. CAMBRIDGE. January 25, 1889. | KIRKLAND SCHOOL. The selections have been made with excellent judgment, 275 AND 277 HURON ST., Chicago, ILL. and the editorial work has been admirably done. For Young Ladies and Children. Sixteenth year begins John FISKE. September 17, 1890. Kindergarten attached. A few boarding GREENCASTLE, Ind., March 16, 1889. pupils received. Address Miss KIRKLAND or MRS. ADAMS. The best aggregate expression of what the American mind has produced in the two hundred and eighty years of its ac- tivity. Respectfully, John CLARK RIDPATH. The “Library of American Literature" is an admirable work, and for every reason must commend itself to the lover With April, 1890, THE DIAL completed of good books. Noah PORTER, LL.D. its Tenth Year. A full Inder and Title-Page YALE UNIVERSITY, Apr. 24, 1890. are issued for each volume. Subscribers wish- Prices and Terms fixed within the reach of all. SEND FOR ing their copies bound can send them to the SPECIMEN PAGES, WITH FIVE FULL-PAGE PORTRAITS. To Publishers for that purpose. Price of Cloth Teachers who wish to earn from $100 to $400 a month dur- ing vacation, we guarantee to make an acceptable proposition. Binding, Side and Back Stamps in Gold, We do not desire applications from parties unwilling to devote $1.00 per volume. time and study to the work. We will deliver a set to any responsible person, and accept payment at the rate of $3.00 per month. A. C. MCCLURG & CO., Publishers, CHAS. L. WEBSTER & CO., PUBLISHERS, Nos. 117-121 Wabash Avenue, corner Madison Street, 3 East Fourteenth St., NEW YORK. CHICAGO. The Library of American Literature BINDINGS FOR THE DIAL. 1890.] 47 THE DIAL 7 +SUMMER READING FOR THE SEA-SHORE OR THE MOUNTAINS. ALBRECHT. By Arlo Bates. INSIDE OUR GATE. By Christine C. Brush. CHATA AND CHINITA. By A WOODLAND WOOING. By ELEANOR LOUISE P. HEAVEN. PUTNAM. Four popular stories, now issued in paper cover at 50 cents each. They are all well known, and they are all favorites. MISS BROOKS. A Story. By Eliza ORNE WHITE, author of " A Browning Courtship.” 16mo, cloth, $1.00. IDYLS OF THE FIELD. By F. A. KNIGHT, author of " By Leafy Ways.” With illustra- tions by E. T. 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George Sand has never been translated by a writer so capable of rendering her spirit and the graces of her style as Miss Worme- ley, and a new interest will be awakened in the author of '('onsuelo' by this undertaking."— Alerander Young in The Critic. - FAME AND SORROW, and Other Stories. | By HONORE DE BALZAC. Each 1 vol., 12mo, half SONS OF THE SOIL (“ Les Paysans "). I Russia. Uniform with preceding volumes. $1.50. The fifteenth and sixteenth in the series of translations by Miss Wormeley which has met with so much favor. Translated by KATHARINE PRESCOTT WORMELEY. Already published: THE DUCHESSE DE LANGEAIS. Cousin BETTE. THE COUNTRY DOCTOR. THE ALKAHEST. PERE GORIOT. EUGENIE GRANDET. Louis LAMBERT. MODESTE MIGNON. THE RISE AND FALL OF The Magic SKIN. ('ousin Pons. SERAPHITA. CESAR BIROTTEAU. BUREAUCRACY. The Two BROTHERS. Handsome 12mo volumes. Uniform in size and style. Half Russia, $1.50 each. AUTHOR'S EDITION OF GEORGE MEREDITH'S NOVELS. 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"Few story-writers have jumped so quickly into popular With an Introduction by VASSILI VERESTCHAGIN. favor as W. C. Hudson (Barclay North). He always has a story to tell, and loses no time in telling it. There is a rattle 12mo, paper, 50 cents. and a dash about everything that he writes, and a contempo A brilliant and varied series of pictures of modera raneous interest that never fails to please the reader as well as to hold his attention." life in the great Slavonic empire, written by the widow of J. A. MacGahan, the famous war correspondent, whose By the Author of "As It Was Written,” etc. notable work in the last Eastern conflict is still fresh in the memory of American readers; the Introduction by Two WOMEN OR ONE? the Russian artist whose paintings attracted so much (From the Manuscript of Dr. LEONARD BENALY.) attention when recently exhibited in New York and the By HENRY HARLAND (Sidney Luska), author of “ As West. It Was Written,” “Mrs. Peixada,” « The Yoke of the Thora," “A Latin Quarter Courtship,” “Grandi “Charmingly written. ..It might be called son Mather," " Two Voices,” etc. 1 vol., 32mo, ar- a study in disillusionment.”—N. Y. Tribune. tistic binding, cloth back, etc., 75 cents. The name of Henry Harland (Sidney Luska) needs no in- READY SHORTLY: troduction to American readers. Few first novels have cre- ated the furore of "As It Was Written," and each subsequent one has met with instant success. “Two Women or One?" is in Mr. Harland's best style. There is something of the psychological mystery of “ Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” about The Story of Améilée's Youth (Toute ume it, but not in the sense of imitation. Jeunesse). By FRANCOIS COPPEE. STOLEN AMERICA. Translated by E. P. Robbins. With illustrations By IsoBEL HENDERSON FLOYD. 1 vol., with illustra- tions. Paper, 50 cents; cloth, 75 cents. by EMILE BAYARI). 12mo, paper, $1.50; half Mrs. Floyd's pictures of Bermuda's sights and scenes are leather, $2.25. graphic and picturesque, and everyone who has visited and (Uniform with the illustrated edition of Daudet's everyone who anticipates a visit to that pretty little island will want to read "Stolen America.” Through it all runs a Writings.) delightful love-story, which has some novel features of its own. “Shun the man who never laughs.”—Lavater. A ROMANCE OF THE HEAVENS. NEARLY READY : URANIE. FUNNY STORIES From the French of CAMILLE FLAMMARION, by Mary J. SERRANO, translator of “ Marie Bashkirtseff : The Told by PHINEAS T. BARNUM (the Great Amer- Journal of a Young Artist,” etc. Paper, 50 cents; ican Showman). extra cloth, 75 cents. This volume by the leading astronomer of France has made the sensation of the year in Paris. 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No. 9 Lafayette Place, New York. 1890.] 49 THE DIAL - -- - - - -- == = == = ALONG THE SOUTH SHORE OF LAKE SUPERIOR. By JULIAN RALPH. FROM THE PRESS OF THE AMERICAN BANK NOTE Co. Now READY. This work is profusely illustrated in full wood, pen and ink, and process Engravings of scenery along the south shore of the most picturesque of our great inland seas. Mackinac Island, Sault Ste. Marie, Pictured Rocks, Marquette, Houghton, Lake Gogebic, Apostle Islands, Dulutb, and the iron and copper min- ing regions of Michigan and Wisconsin, are bistorically and descriptively treated in Julian Ralpb's most grapbic style. Magazine style, 100 pages, invaluable to Tourists, and wortby a place in the best libraries. Send six postage stamps for a copy to C. B. HIBBARD, G. P. & T. A., D. S. S. & A. Ry, MARQUETTE, MICH. WORCESTER'S INSURE IN THE TRAVELERS, OF HARTFORD, CONN. Principal Accident Company of America. Largest in the World. HAS PAID ITS POLICY-HOLDERS OVER $16,500,000.00. 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The New Edition includes A DICTIONARY that con- tains thousands of words not to be found in any other Dictionary; A Pronouncing Biographical Dictionary Of over 12,000 Personages; A Pronouncing Gazetteer of the World, Noting and locating over 20,000 Places; A Dictionary of Synonymes, Containing over 5,000 Words in general use, also OVER 12,500 NEW WORDS recently added. All in One Volume. Illustrated with Wood-Cuts and Full-Page Plates. The Standard of the leading Publishers, Magazines and Newspapers. The Dictionary of the Scholar for Spelling, Pronunciation, and Accuracy in Definition. Specimen pages and testimonials mailed on application. For sale by all Booksellers. $10,992,000 Assets, $2,243,000 Surplus Not left to the chances of an Empty Treasury and Assessments on the Survivors. AGENCIES AT ALL IMPORTANT POINTS IN THE U. S. AND CANADĀ. J. G. BATTERSON, RODNEY DENNIS, J. E. MORRIS, President. Secretary. Asst. Sec’y. J. B. 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This firm bas done PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS, much during the past two or three years In genuine Seal, Russia, Turkey Morocco, and to produce a taste for dead-finish Papers, Plush,— Quarto, Royal Quarto, Oblong, and and to-day their brands of "Greciani An- | Longjellow sizes,— bear the above Trade Mark, and are for sale by all the Leading Booksellers tique,' “Parchment Vellum,' 'Old-style,' and Stationers. and ‘Distaff,' are as popular as their fin- KOCH, SONS & CO., est 'Satin Finisb’ goods. The name for Nos. 541 & 543 PEARL ST., . - NEW YORK. each of their brands is copyrighted; and their Envelopes, which match each style EAGLE PENCILS. All Styles and Grades. and size of Paper, are high-cut pattern, EAGLE No. 2 1-2 GOLD PENCILS. so that the gum cannot come in contact Round and Hexagon. Patented. The Best Pencil for Free-Hand Drawing, School, with a letter enclosed, during sealing. Mercantile, and General Uses. A full line of these Standard Goods is kept Our FINE ARTS. The MOST PERFECT Pencil made. Graded 6B to constantly in stock by A. C. McClurg & Co., 6H, 15 degrees; for Artists, Engineers, and Draughts- Wabash Ave. and Madison St., Chicago. COLORED CRAYONS. Over Fifty Colors. Preferable to Water Colors in HAVE YOU ever tried the Fine many ways. The Stop-GUAGE AUTOMATIC PENCIL. An entirely Correspondence Papers made by the new article. The ne plus ultra of all Pencils. WHITING PAPER COMPANY, THE “MATCHLESS ” PENS. of Holyoke? You will find them THE superiority of the “MATCHLESS” Pens THE 1 is attested by the satisfaction that invariably correct for all the uses of polite attends their use. The ease and comfort with which they write, together with their durability and resist- society. They are made in rough ance to corrosives, makes them unquestionably the best Steel Pen in the market. and in smooth finish, and in all the SAMPLES of the six different styles will be I deale sent, postpaid, on receipt of six cents in stamps. ers in fine stationery throughout the | Price per Gross, - - $1.25. United States. A. C. MCCLURG & CO., CHICAGO. men. . 2 1890.] 51 THE DIAL MRS. RORER'S COOK BOOKS. FOR THE CANNING SEASON. MRS. RORER'S CANNING AND PRESERVING. Tells all you want to know about the canning and preserving of fruits and vegetables, with the kin- dred subjects of marmalades, butters, fruit jellies, and syrups, drying and pickling. FOR HOT WEATHER. MRS. RORER'S HOT WEATHER DISHES. Its name tells the whole tale. You'll need the book when the weather gets “ too hot to think ” of what to prepare for the table. Paper Covers, ... 40 cents. Cloth ..75 Paper Covers, ... 40 cents. Cloth “ . . 75 " FOR THE YEAR 'ROUND. MRS. RORER’S COOK BOOK The practical work of a practical woman. Every recipe is good and has been thoroughly tried. No failures. Bound in Washable Oilcloth Covers. Price, . . $1.75. FOR ALMOST ANY TIME. MRS. RORER'S HOME CANDY-MAKING. A veritable book of sweets, full of choice and dainty recipes, with complete instructions as to the proper methods of making the many delicacies that delight both young and old. Paper Covers, . . . 40 cents. Cloth · · · 75 " TO BE HAD OF ALL BOOKSELLERS, OR OF THE PUBLISHERS, ARNOLD AND COMPANY, No. 420 Library Street, Soul by A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago. PHILADELPHIA. JOSEPH GILLOTT'S STEEL PENS. GOLD MEDALS, PARIS, 1878 and 1889. BOORUM & PEASE, MANUFACTURERS OF THE STANDARD BLANK BOOKS (For the Trade Only.) 25 SHEETS (100 pp.) TO THE QUIRE. Everything from the smallest Pass-Book to the larg- est Ledger, suitable to all purposes_Commercial, Edu- cational, and Household uses. For Sale by all Booksellers and Stationers. His Celebrated Numbers, 303-404-170–604-332 And his other styles, may be had of all dealers throughout the world. JOSEPH GILLOTT & SONS, NEW YORK. FACTORY, BROOKLYN. Offices and Salesrooms, - - - 30 and 32 Reade Street, New York City. THE DIAL [June, 1890. “ THE DIAL is the journal de luxe among American literary periodicals." -THE ARGONAUT, San Francisco. Edited by Francis F. BROWNE. THE DIAL Published by A. C. McClurg & Co. A MONTHLY JOURNAL OF CURRENT LITERATURE. 1880-1890. THE Editor and Publishers of THE DIAL are pleased to announce the completion (with 1 the April number) of the FIRST TEN YEARS of its existence. During this decade it has continued under the same management under which it was begun, and has followed substan- tially the lines upon which it was originally projected. The high and distinctive position accorded it in American periodical literature is fairly indicated in the following RECENT NOTICES BY THE PRESS. “We record with pleasure the completion of the tenth “The ten volumes of The Dial, taken together, form volume of THE DIAL. Among our literary journals it is the most valuable body of critical opinion in existence unique in being wholly devoted to critical reviews, partly upon the American literature of the past decade. They signed and partly unsigned, and in being a monthly. It have done for books published in this country what • The has been well conducted from the start, with a serious Atheneum' and The Academy’have done for the En- purpose, and with much learned and intelligent collab glish literature of the period. . . . This critical oration, and we have had frequent occasion to praise it excellence, in which THE DIAL has had no American and to wish it a long life. THE DIAL is handsomely and rival, has been due to the fact that its reviews have gen- correctly printed." -- The Nation, New York. erally been the work of trained specialists, who have, by attaching their signatures, assumed full responsibil- ity for the opinions expressed. ..Its contents “ The Dial is very carefully edited, without any have been finished and dignified; its articles have been concession to literary sensationalism, and with a com- just, searching, and profound.”—The Evening Journal, prehensive outlook upon the literary interests of the Chicago. country in general. Its success is matter of rejoicing for all lovers of good books and good writing.”_-Chris- “ The look and bearing of the paper are refinement tian Union, New York. itself. Among our purely critical journals, there is none more thorough, more dignified, more scholarly, “ The publishers of THE DIAL have abundant rea- than The DIAL. One wishes only that it were a weekly son to felicitate themselves upon the successful career rather than a monthly, and so more adequate to trace of this periodical. From its initial number it has been the stream of current literature.” — The Independent, edited with fine taste and good judgment, and it is al- New York. ways fair and impartial in its treatment of new literary “We are always glad to commend to our readers a effort. The Dial is a model of typography, as well paper so thoroughly scholarly and independent in its as an examplar of high literary excellence.”—The Star, criticisms as The Dial has been throughout its entire Kansas City. existence.”—Journal of Pedagogy. “ The Dial is one of the best literary journals, in breadth of learning and catholicity of judgment, that “We trust The Dial may continue to mark true we have ever had in this country. Its corps of contrib- time, for many decades to come, in the same admirable utors comprises many of the first scholars both of the spirit and with the same fair external array that now East and the West.”—Home Journal, New York. | distinguish it." _- The Literary World, Boston, Subscription price, $1.50 a year, postpaid. Published monthly, by A. C. MCCLURG AND COMPANY, Nos. 117 to 121 Wabash Avenue, . . . . . . CHICAGO. THE DIAL PRESS, CHICAGO. A COLLEOR THE D A Montbly Journal of Current Literature PUBLISHED BY 1 $150 A. C. MCCLURG & CO. I u yeur ? CHICAGO, JULY, 1890. Vol. XI.) EDITED BY No. 123 | FRANCIS F. BROWNE. HARPER'S MAGAZINE.-JULY. FINE FICTION. PORT TARASCON: The Last Adventures of By WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS. the Illustrious Tartarin. By ALPHONSE DAUDET. Trans- lated by HENRY JAMES. Part II. With 24 Illustrations THE SHADOW OF A DREAM. A Story. 12mo, by Rossi and others. cloth, $1.00; cheap edition, paper, 50 cents. TEXAN TYPES AND CONTRASTS. By LEE C. HARBY. "The dream is such a one as Poe or Hawthorne might have Illustrated by FREDERICK REMINGTON. employed in weaving a weird tale. ... The story is of absorbing interest throughout.”—- Louisville Post. SOCIAL LIFE IN OXFORD. By ETHEL M. ARNOLD. A HAZARD OF NEW FORTUNES. Illustrated. Illustrations by Joseph PENNELL. BALTIC RUSSIA. By HENRY LANSDELL, D.D. Illustra- 8vo, paper, 75 cents; 2 vols., 12ino, cloth, $2.00. "A study of life in New York. Never has Mr. Howells tions by T. DE THULSTRUP and others. written more brilliantly, more clearly, more firmly, or more A FAMOUS CHAPBOOK VILLAIN. By HOWARD PYLE. attractively."--N. Y. Tribune. Illustrations by the author. SOME COLONIAL AND REVOLUTIONARY LETTERS. By CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER. By FREDERICK DANIEL. A LITTLE JOURNEY IN THE WORLD. Post ARCHITECTURE AND DEMOCRACY. By ROBERT S. Svo, half leather, $1.50. PEABODY. "One of the happiest attempts in fiction of recent years." TREASURY NOTES AND NOTES ON THE TREAS | – Buffalo Express. URY. By L. E. CHITTENDEN. By CONSTANCE F. WOOLSON. GIOSUE CARDUCCI AND THE HELLENIC REAC- JUPITER LIGHTS. 16mo, cloth, $1.25. TION IN ITALY. By FRANK SEWALL. "One of the strongest works which the field of American FIVE SHORT STORIES. fiction has produced in many years."—Newark Advertiser. TWO LETTERS. (Illustrated.) By BRANDER MATTHEWS. THE SCARECROW. (Illustrated.) By S. P. MCLEAN THE ODD NUMBER SERIES. GREENE. Translations of works of fiction by foreign authors entitled A POETESS. By MARY E. WilKINS. to recognition in the history of modern literature. With Crit- THE MOONLIGHTER OF COUNTY CLARE. By Jon ical Introductions. ATHAN STURGES. THE ODD NUMBER. Thirteen Tales by GUY DE TRUTH AND UNTRUTH. By MATT CRIM. MAUPASSANT. The Translation by JONATHAN STURGES. POETRY. The Introduction by HENRY JAMES. 16mo, cloth, orna- mental, $1.00. THALIA. By THOMAS BAILEY ALDRICH. With full-page “Nothing can exceed the masculine firmness, the quiet Illustration by W. T. SMEDLEY. force of Guy de Maupassant's style, in which every phrase is a POEMS by William SHARP, MATTHEW RICHEY KNIGHT, close sequence, every epithet a paying piece."-- Henry James. and GEORGE EDGAR MONTGOMERY. MARIA: A SOUTH AMERICAN ROMANCE. The Ro- mance by JORGE ISAACS. The Translation by ROLLO “SO ENGLISH,' YOU KNOW !" Full-page Illustration OGDEN. The Introduction by THOMAS A. JANVIER. 16mo, by GEORGE DU MAURIER. cloth, ornamental, $1.00. EDITORIAL DEPARTMENTS. “In · Maria' has been found something new and fresh in the field of romance; a prose idyl which will be hailed with The “Easy Chair," by GEORGE WILLIAM Curtis. The delight.”— Philadelphia Inquirer. “ Editor's Study," by WILLIAM DEAN Howells. The PASTELS IN PROSE. The Translation by STUART “ Editor's Drawer," by CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER. MERRILL. The Introduction by W. D. Howells. 150 Illustrations by H. W. McVICKAR. (Frontispiece in color.) HARPER'S PERIODICALS. 16mo, cloth, ornamental, $1.25. HARPER'S MAGAZINE. Per Year, Postage Free, $4.00 “These stories are evasive, poetic, delightful to soul and HARPER'S WEEKLY. " 4.00 sense. A lover to his sweetheart, a wife to her husband, a HARPER'S BAZAR. 64.00 woman to her distant friend, could send no daintier gift for summer reading.”-Margaret E, Sangster. HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE.“ 2.00 SUBSCRIBE NOW.-Booksellers and Postmasters us The above works are for sale by all booksellers, or will be sent ually receive subscriptions. Subscriptions sent direct to the by HARPER & BROTHERS, postage prepaid, to any part of the Publishers should be accompanied by Money Order or Draft. | United States, Canada, or Mexico, on receipt of price. PUBLISHED BY HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK. THE DIAL [July, D. LOTHROP COMPANY'S Latest BOOKS. THE CROWN OF LIFE. From the Writings of HENRY WARD BEECHER. Edited by MARY STORRS HAYNES. Introduction by Rossiter W. RAYMOND. 12mo, $1.00. There is scarcely an emotion, whether of joy or grief, that is not voiced in these selections, which reveal the warm heart, the broad understanding, and the generous nature of the great preacher, who, beyond most others, “ loved his fellow-men.” FIVE LITTLE PEPPERS MIDWAY. By MAR- | GO'S GOINGS. By Mrs. S. R. GRAHAM CLARK, GARET SIDNEY. Illustrations by W. L. TAYLOR. author of the “ Yensie Walton Books.” 12mo, $1.50. 12mo, 512 pages, $1.50. The charming heroine whose "goings” wrought such happy This long looked-for sequel to “ Five Little Peppers and changes in her own life and others', furnishes the text for How They Grew," will be gladly welcomed by thousands who some very strong teachings on religion and temperance, which have read and re-read that child-classic. Al the characters will make the book very valuable for Sunday-school libraries. re-appear in the sequel, with the addition of some new ones, “Sketched with a lifelike aspect and action."— Watchman. and the “Little Brown House” is not forgotten, though a city mansion is the scene of most of the jolly, amusing, and THE STORY OF NEESIMA. By PHEBE F. exciting episodes that delight the reader. Margaret Sidney's bright sunny nature shines through it all. MCKEEN. With Introduction by PHILENA MCKEEN. Illustrations from original photographs. 16 mo, 60 cts. HERMIT ISLAND. By KATHARINE LEE Bates, Joseph Neesima, a Japanese boy educated in this country. author of the $1,000 Prize Story, “ Rose and Thorn," His story is a marvellous recital, a signal example of what a the Prize Poem, “ Sunshine,” etc. 12mo, $1.25. soul on fire with a desire for truth will do and dare in Chris- tian service. A barren island would not seem a very attractive abiding- place to many, but the young people of this story found fun, THE FAIRHAVEN FOURTEEN. By MARIANA excitement, romance, and some thrilling soul-experiences on its bleak shores. The girl heroines, for there are two, are TALLMAN. $1.25. vividly contrasted, and one can hardly tell which draws the “Shows what a world of good can always be accomplished most on one's sympathies, sunny, light-hearted, imaginative by the well-directed efforts of energetic young people." - Phil- Del, or wild, intense, fierce yet loving, Dolo. The other char adelphia Presbyterian. acters are very strongly drawn. THOSE RAEBURN GIRLS. By Mrs. A. E. Raf- STARTING POINTS. Compiled by ABBIE H. FENSPERGER, anthor of “ Patience Preston, M. D.” FAIRFIELD. 12mo, $1.00; gilt edges, $1.25. $1.25. To make a book that is good for boys is one thing, to make "A thoroughly healthy and natural book, which will be one they will read is another. The compiler of this book read with interest not only by the great army of girls who are seems to have achieved both. Her selections are so varied bravely earning their own living, but by all who enjoy a bright they will suit many tastes, and so bright, apt, and practical wholesome story.”—Golden Rule.. that boys and young men will enjoy them, while they get use- ful hints for manly living. THE DALZELLS OF DAISYDOWN. By E. VINTON BLAKE. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. THE GOLDEN KEY. By GEORGE MacDonalD. " As wholesome and live a juvenile book as has come to 16mo, parchment, 35 cents. our table."--Inter Ocean. A beautiful fairy tale that has become a classic. A golden key found at the end of a rainbow unlocks the portal to the WHAT SAITH THE SCRIPTURE ? Arranged marvellous " country whence the shadows fall." by MARY P. LORD. Introduction by Rev. F. E. CLARK, D.D. 24mo, cloth, 50 cts.; illuminated cover, 50 cts. A CHRONICLE OF CONQUEST. By FRANCES A little book of Scripture questions and answers that ev- C. SPARHAWK, author of “Little Polly Blatchley." erybody will find useful, especially young disciples. Just the 12mo, cloth, $1.25. thing for a Sunday-school teacher to give his scholars. “One can scarcely thank Miss Sparhawk sufficiently for the glimpse of the new Indian."--Boston Post. LIVING LEAVES. Arranged by Sarah E. BEN- “It is well written. Its story is graphically told, and it NETT. 24mo, cloth, 50 cts. ; illuminated cover, 50 cts. has a moral as well as literary interest for every humane and Choice bits of poetry and prose and Scriptural selections, thoughtful reader. It will do good wherever it goes.”—John arranged especially for the thousands of young people who G. Whittier. belong to the Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor, but equally well adapted to the daily use of all Christians. A THE WORLD'S GREATEST CONFLICT. By leaf adorns every other page, and “The Life of the leaf is the HENRY BOYNTON. 12mo, $1.25. living word upon it'-each word a different thought for en- By the “World's Greatest Conflict” is meant, of course, deavor. the world-struggle for popular rights, of which the French SONGS OF FAITH, HOPE, AND LOVE. Revolution is very naturally considered the type. The vol- ume is a cyclorama of the civilized world of a century ago, in 24mo, cloth, full gilt, 75 cents. which the central and absorbing piece is Paris in the turmoil A dainty collection of poems, drawing lessons of faith, hope, of revolution. and love from the songs of the birds, and applying and instill- "In this vigorous work Mr. Boynton has epitomized the ing them into human lives. Among the poets represented are vital political events which for twenty-five years made French Bunyan, George MacDonald, Wordsworth, Whittier, Keble, and American history."- Detroit Free Press. 1 and Charles Kingsley. For sale at the Bookstores, or sent, postpaid, by the Publishers, on receipt of the price. D. LOTHROP COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, BOSTON. 1890.] 55 THE DIAL MESSRS. ROBERT BONNER'S SONS Announce for Early Publication the following: AFRICA RE-DISCOVERED.—HERBERT WARD'S GREAT BOOK. FIVE YEARS WITH THE CONGO CANNIBALS. By HERBERT WARD. Magnificently illustrated with many full-page engravings and scores of smaller engravings, after original drawings made on the spot by the author. Crown octavo, elegantly bound, $3.00. Herbert Ward's book is the record of five years spent with the most savage tribes of the far interior of Africa. It con- tains many facts, hitherto unknown, concerning the life, customs, and superstitions of the cannibal races. It abounds with thrilling adventures, and the story it tells of risks and dangers encountered in strange places, and among wild and hostile peo- ple, is one of fascinating interest. A flood of light is thrown on the horrors and cruelties existing among the millions of Cen- tral Africa. SOME NEW PUBLICATIONS. HENRY M. STANLEY. THE FORSAKEN INN. By HENRY FREDERIC REDDALL. A Full Account of Stan- By ANNA KATHERINE GREEN, author of " The Leavenworth ley's Life and Explorations. 12mo, 416 pages. Paper cover, Case,'' “ Behind Closed Doors,” etc. 12mo, 352 pages. 50 cents; bound in cloth, $1.00, Bound in English cloth. Black and gold stamping on cover. With 27 illustrations. Price, $1.50. FOR WOMAN'S LOVE. By Mrs. E. D. E. N. SOUTHWORTH, author of “ The Lost THE LOST LADY OF LONE. Lady of Lone,” etc. Handsomely decorated paper cover. | By Mrs. E. D. E. N. SOUTHWORTH, author of "The Hidden Six choice illustrations. Price, 50 cents; in cloth, $1.00. Hand," etc. 12mo. Handsomely decorated paper cover. With six illustrations by BEARD and NEWMAN. Price, A MAD BETROTHAL; or, Nadine's Vow. 50 cents; bound in cloth, $1.00. By LAURA JEAN LIBBEY, author of “ Ione,” “Miss Middle- ton's Lover," etc. Illustrated. 12mo. Handsomely dec- IONE: A Broken Love Dream. orated paper cover. With seven illustrations by ARTHUR By LAURA JEAN Libbey, author of "A Mad Betrothal," LUMLEY. Price, 30 cents; bound in cloth, $1.00. “Miss Middleton's Lover," " Parted by Fate; or, The Mystery of Blackstone Lighthouse," etc. With six illus- GREAT SENATORS. trations by HARRY C. EDWARDS. Paper cover, 50 cents; By OLIVER DYER. 12mo. Bound in cloth. Price, $1.00. I bound in cloth, $1.00. THE ABOVE BOOKS ARE FOR SALE BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. GEORGE ELIOT’S ROMOLA. DUR magnificently-illustrated two-volume holiday edition of this justly-celebrated modern masterpiece will be one of the finest productions of its kind ever attempted in the history of American publishing. First. It is printed from new electrotype plates. Second The photographs from which the illustrations are made were selected on the spot by a member of our firm when in Florence, nearly four years ago. Third The photo-etchings, printed in a variety of delicate tints on a fine supercalendered plate paper, made expressly for this edition, are made by our own famous process, which so successfully produced the magnificent illustrations for our holiday edition of “Lalla Rookh ” and “Endymion.” Fount It is printed in the best possible manner at the celebrated University Press, Cambridge, on a beau- tiful natural tint laid paper, manufactured for us by the well-known house of Tileston & Hollings- worth. The binding, a superb example of Italian handiwork, stamped in gold and in colors, will be the height of the binder's art. Fifth. There will also be a large-paper édition de luxe, limited to 250 copies, with plates on impe- rial Japanese paper, bound magnificently in full vellum. Advance Orders Solicited. Specimens of Paper anut Illustrations sent on application. ESTES & LAURIAT, Publishers, Boston, Mass. THE DIAL (July, WHY MRS. RORER'S COOK BOOK? It brings to an anxious woman help in the kitchen, such help as makes the most of a little experience. Mrs. Rorer is a real cook and teacher of cooking ; her fame was won by making good things to eat and by helping others to do the same. Her book is her useful self. There is no vanity in it. You can become a successful housewife with it, with common materials treated in simple ways. Success in every part of housewifery comes of a wise economy equally far from meanness and extravagance. This one book is enough. The bookstores have it, or sent by mail, $1.75. ARNOLD & COMPANY, Publishers, 420 Library Street, PHILADELPHIA. Soli by A. C. McClurg & Company Chicago. III. 1890.] 57 THE DIAL D. APPLETON & CO.'S PUBLICATIONS. THE ART OF AUTHORSHIP. Literary Reminiscences, Methods of Work, and Advice to Young 'Beginners. Compiled and edited by GEORGE BAINTON. 12mo, cloth, untrimmed edges, $1.25. A Symposium of 170 Famous Authors, among whom are : BROOKS, PHILLIPS. EDWARDS, AMELIA B. LATHROP, GEORGE P. STEDMAN, E. C. BROWNING, ROBERT. HALE, E. E. LOWELL, J. R. STODDARD, R. H. CABLE, GEORGE W. HAWTHORNE, JULIAN. LYALL, EDNA. TWAIN, MARK. CARLETON, WILL. HIGGINSON, T. W. MATTHEWS, BRANDER. WALLACE, LEW. COLLINS, WILKIE. HOLMES, OLIVER W. PARKMAN, FRANCIS. WARNER, CHARLES DUDLEY. COLLYER, ROBERT. Howells, W. D. PHELPS, ELIZABETH STUART. WINTER, JOHN STRANGE. CRAWFORD, F. MARION. JAMES, HENRY. Roe, E. P. YONGE, CHARLOTTE. BOOKS FOR SUMMER READING. APPLETONS’ TOWN AND COUNTRY LIBRARY. 12mo, paper cover; price, 50 cents each. Bound in red cloth, 75 cents each. DONOVAN: A Modern Englishman. THE SILENCE OF DEAN By EDNA LYALL. MAITLAND. “ Donovan,' by Edna Lyall (Appleton), is a novel By MAXWELL GREY. written with a purpose, the plot of which is very skill- fully and dramatically developed.”—New York Sun. “ The story culminates in a scene which is almost unequaled and unexampled in fiction. ... As a tale of spiritual struggle, as a marvellously graphic and IN THE WIRE-GRASS. vital picture of the action and reaction of human life, By LOUIS PENDLETON. • The Silence of Dean Maitland' is a book that is des- " An unusually clever novel is · In the Wire-Grass,' tined to an extraordinary recognition and permanent by Louis Pendleton (Appleton). ... The humor fame in literature.”_Boston Traveller. is everywhere bright and genuine, and the action uni- formly brisk.”—The Sun.. JOOST AVELINGH. A DUTCH STORY.—By MAARTEN MAARTENS. MISTRESS BEATRICE COPE; Notices from the English Press. or, Passages in the Life of a Jacobite's Daughter. The Academy says: “ A book by a man who, in ad- By M. E. LE CLERC. dition to mere talent, has in him a vein of genuine "A simple, natural, credible romance, charged with genius." the color of the time, and satisfying to the mind of a The Atheneum says: “Unquestionably a good piece thoughtful reader.”—The Athenæum. of work, with clear delineation, accurate pictures of life, and abundance of local color." THE AWAKENING OF MARY | The Morning Post says: “So unmistakably good as FENWICK.. to induce the hope that an acquaintance with the Dutch literature of fiction may soon become more general By BEATRICE WHITBY. among us." “We have no hesitation in declaring that • The Awak The Figaro says: “If all Dutch stories were as in- ening of Mary Fenwick’ is the best novel of the kind teresting and as well written as this one, there would that we have seen for some years.”—The Athenæum. I be a considerable demand for them in this country." fifty other Novels by eminent authors. A complete list will be furnished upon application. D. APPLETON & CO., Publishers, 1, 3, & 5 Bond Street, New YORK. 58 [July, 1890. THE DIAL GOOD SUMMER BOOKS FOR SUMMER READING. Scouting for Stanley in East Africa Phelps-Ward's By Thomas STEVENS, author of "A Tour Around the THE MASTER OF THE MAGICIANS. $1.25. World on a Bicycle," etc. 1 vol., large 12mo. Ex- tra cloth, gilt top, with portrait and numerous illus- Henry James's trations. Price, $2.00. THE TRAGIC MUSE. 2 vols. $2.50. Mr. Stevens was sent into Africa by the New York World to find Stanley, and he accomplished his mission. In this Clara Louise Burnbam's volume, giving an account of his adventures, the reader will find all the charm of the journalist's style. It is a simple, un- THE MISTRESS OF BEECH KNOLL. $1.25. affected style-just as one would expect in a brave, manly man--and the adventures recorded are as thrilling as any that ever fell to the lot of the explorer. Sarah Orne Jewett's TALES OF NEW ENGLAND. $1.00. Juancho the Bull Fighter. BETTY LEICESTER. $1.25. Translated from the French of THEOPHILE GAUTIER by Mrs. BENJAMIN LEWIS. Issued as No. 49 of Mary S. Tiernan's “Cassell's Sunshine Series." Paper, 50 cents; extra JACK HORNER. $1.25. cloth, 75 cents. Bret Harte's RECENT ISSUES IN A WAIF OF THE PLAINS. $1.00. CASSELL'S SUNSHINE SERIES. THE HERITAGE OF DEDLOW MARSH. $1.25. Paper, 50 cts.; extra cloth, 75 cts. VIVIER, W.W. Story's Of Vivier, Longman & Co., Bankers. By W. C. HUD- CONVERSATIONS IN A STUDIO. 2 vols. Son (Barclay North), author of Jack Gordon, Knight $2.50. Errant, Gotham, 1883," “ The Diamond Button,” etc. Edmund Gosse's STOLEN AMERICA. ROBERT BROWNING: PERSONALIA. $1.00 By ISOBEL HENDERSON Floyd. 1 vol., with illustra- tions. A. P. Russell's URANIE. IN A CLUB CORNER. $1.25. From the French of CAMILLE FLAMMARION. By MARY A CLUB OF ONE. $1.25. J. SERRANO, translator of " Marie Bashkirtseff: The Journal of a Young Artist,” etc. Dr. Griffis's A LILY AMONG THORNS. $1.25. DAVID TODD. MATTHEW CALBRAITH PERRY. $2.00. The Romance of His Life and Loving. By DAVID MacLURE. Dr. Peabody's JACK GORDON, HARVARD GRADUATES WHOM I HAVE | Knight Errant, Gotham, 1883. By W. C. HUDSON KNOWN. $1.25. (Barclay North), author of “ The Diamond Button." George Pellew's BY THE AUTHOR OF “AS IT WAS WRITTEN.” JOHN JAY. $1.25. Two Women or One? Mrs. Karr's (From the Manuscript of Dr. LEONARD BENALY.) THE AMERICAN HORSEWOMAN. Illus- | By HENRY HARLAND (Sidney Luska), author of « As trated. New Edition. 16mo, price reduced It Was Written,” “Mrs. Peixada,” “ The Yoke of to $1.25. An admirable book for ladies learn the Thora,” “A Latin Quarter Courtship,” « Grandi- ing to ride. son Mather," " Two Voices," etc. 1 vol., 32mo, ar- tistic binding, cloth back, etc., 75 cents. Sweetser's Guide-Books The name of Henry Harland (Sidney Luska) needs no intro- NEW ENGLAND). $1.50. duction to American readers. Few first novels have created the furore of “As It Was Written,'' and each subsequent one THE WHITE MOUNTAINS. $1.50. has met with instant success. “Two Women or One?!' is in THE MARITIME PROVINCES. $1.50. Mr. Harland's best style. There is something of the psycho- logical mystery of “ Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” about it, but not in the sense of imitation. Sold by Booksellers. Sent, postpaid, on receipt of price, by the Publishers, For Sale by all Booksellers. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., CASSELL PUBLISHING COMPANY, BOSTON, MASS. 104 & 106 Fourth Avenue, NEW YORK. THE DIAL - - - - - Vol. XI. JULY, 1890. No. 123. scientific pursuits, accepted the invitation ; anı it was his observations and the record and use he made of them that have rendered the vov- CONTENTS. age famous for all time. The route lay by the Cape de Verd Islands CHARLES DARWIN'S JOURNAL. Anna B. Mc- | across the Atlantic to the coast of Brazil, south- Mahan . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 ward to the Straits of Magellan, and up the CHESTERFIELD'S LETTERS TO HIS GODSON. western side of the South American continent Eduard Gilpin Johnson ......... 61 as far north as Callao. It then struck wes:- THE FOUR GEORGES. C. W. French ..... 64 | ward across the Pacific Ocean by the Galapa- THE LETTERS OF HORACE WALPOLE. Octave gos Archipelago, Tahati, New Zealand, Syd- Thanet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 ney, and Tasmania, turning round into the RECENT BOOKS OF POETRY. William Morton Indian Ocean by way of Keeling Islands and Payne ................ 67 the Mauritius to the Cape of Good Hope, and BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS . ......... 70 then by St. Helena and Ascension Island to Dilke's Problems of Greater Britain. - Allen's A the coast of Brazil again, in order to complete Short History of the Roman People.-Field's Bright the chronometrical measurement of the world ; Skies and Dark Shadows.--Mitchell's English Lands, thence homeward across the Atlantic to En- Letters, and Kings.- Lang's Old Friends.--Kitchin's gland. The “ environment ” had included Winchester. - Symonds's An Introduction to the nearly every aspect of Nature, and the man, Study of Dante.-Mrs. Higginson's Java: The Pearl Charles Darwin, proved equal to the opportu- of the East.-Pascoe's London of To-Day. nity. The “Journal of Researches into the Nat- BOOKS OF THE MONTH . ......... 73 ural History and Geology of the Countries vis- ---- --- - - - ------ ---- ited during the Voyage round the World of H. M. S. Beagle,” published two years after his CHARLES DARWIN'S JOURNAL.* return, at once gave him a leading place among “After having been twice driven back by heavy south naturalists, for it was recognized as a model of western gales, Her Majesty's ship Beagle, a ten-gun brig, acute and painstaking investigation, under cir- under the command of Captain Fitz-Roy, R.N., sailed from Devonport on the 27th of December, 1831. The cumstances favorable beyond precedent. Fifty object of the expedition was to complete the survey of years have passed, and in some respects the book Patagonia and Terra del Fuego, commenced under Cap- | has even greater interest to-day than on its first tain King in 1826 to 1830 --- to survey the shores of publication. Not only have we now for the Chili, Peru, and of some islands in the Pacific and to first time an edition with illustrations, most of carry a chain of chronometrical measurements round the World.” them sketched on the spot with Darwin's book Thus simply begins the record of the most by the artist's side, but we are also better able momentous of all voyages ever made in the in- to comprehend its far-reaching import, since terests of scientific discovery-momentous, not we trace here the earliest germs of the ideas because of the successful accomplishment of its that afterwards made Darwin the foremost primary objects, but because of one of those leader of English thought in his day. Here fortunate combinations of " the man and the we find the first records of those eager and moment” which, according to Matthew Ar- discriminating observations, of those tentative nold, are the essential conditions of all crea- suggestions, which later generalizations and tive achievement. Captain Fitz-Roy desired a amplifications fertilized into the novel and orig- naturalist to accompany the expedition, and inal works on “ Coral Reefs ” and “ Volcanic offered to share his own quarters without ex- Islands,” or into those epoch-making books, pense, though without salary. Charles Dar- “ The Origin of Species," - The Descent of win, a young man of twenty-two, preparing for Man," and “ Variation ander Domestication.” the ministry, but with a strong leaning toward Most modern scientists are specialists in one department only, but Charles Darwin was a * JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES into the Natural History and naturalist according to the original sense of Geology of the Countries visited during the Voyage round the World of H. M. S. Beagle. By Charles Darwin, M.A., F.R.S. the word—one working in every department New York: D. Appleton & Co. I of nature. His first labors were given to work- 60 [July, THE DIAL ing up the geological and zoological results of he found that almost the entire range of ani- his voyage in various papers for the Geological mal and plant life was peculiar to itself. Aus- and Zoological Societies, most of which were tralia, a great island lying in complete isola- afterwards incorporated into larger works, as lation, was seen to be some ages behind conti- “ Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs” | nental regions of like climate and soil; the (1842); “ Volcanic Islands" (1844); and Galapagos seemed to be but rudimentary parts “ Geological Observations in South America” of the great body of the globe. Even the na- (1846). Dr. Geikie, in speaking of these pub tives were among the lowest in the scale of lications, says: human beings. Organism responded to envi- “ Never before in the history of science had geolog- ronment, and diversities appeared as a conse- ical problems been attacked by an actual observer over quence of temperature, mountain barriers, or so vast a space of the earth's surface, with more acute- glacial action, inducing migration. In propor- ness and patience, or discussed with more breadth of tion to opportunities of migration was the great- view. There is something almost ludicrous in the con- trast between his method of treatment of volcanic phe- est variety of life. The greater the isolation of nomena and that of his professor at Edinburgh only six the island, the fewer animals, and these more short years before.” specialized in type. In respect to coral islands, the revolution in These and other such observations impressed accepted theories was even greater. Darwin's upon him the need of some explanation of the observations of these wonderful formations in geographical distribution of organic forms. If the Pacific and Indian Oceans led him to dis animals were created suddenly, each ought to card all previous theories as inadequate for be found, after its kind, indiscriminately in- their explanation, and to offer a new one at habiting islands and continents ; but he found once so grand and so simple as to excite the life on continental islands and life on mainland wonder and the admiration of geologists every varying according to the time and distance of where. He noted that throughout enormous their separation. If specific centres of crea- areas in these oceans, every single island was tion were the method, each species would be of coral formation ; that these were uniformly best fitted for its own environment, and could low, being raised to no greater height than the not exist in any other ; but, in fact, both an- waves can throw up fragments and the winds imals and plants were found flourishing far pile up sand ; that below the surface there are away from their native home, under totally dif- lofty submarine mountains, with sides steeper ferent physical conditions, and sometimes with even than those of the most abrupt volcanic decided advantage from the change. Science, cones ; that the coral-builders can live at no accepting the teaching of Lamarck and others, great depth below the surface ; that the islands had already recognized the importance of en- extend in lines parallel to the generally pre vironment, and of the increased use and disuse vailing strike of the high islands and great of organs, as factors in animal development; coast-lines of the oceans in which they occur. but these did not explain the lagging pace of None of the former theories served to account some regions as compared with others in simi- for these carefully-investigated features, while lar latitudes. They had nothing to say to the all received simple explanation in the new one discovery that animal life of islands in mid- offered, namely, that coral formations, whether ocean had changed but little from early types, atolls, barrier reefs, or fringing reefs, were the while that on islands longest separated from upward growth of reef-building corals around mainland had changed least. It remained for islands slowly sinking into the sea. Later re Darwin to call attention to one important dif- searches have tended to indicate that the his ference in the conditions. Wherever the bat- tory of coral reefs may be more varied and tle of life had been strongest, there appeared complicated than Darwin supposed, but the the greatest progress and variety in develop- work is still counted among geological classics. ment. In the ascent of animal life, opposition But the most interesting pages of the "Jour and antagonism were seen to be most potent nal,” to the reader of to-day, are those in which factors. The struggle for self-preservation de- we find the premonitions of his most charac-velops strength, agility, or cunning. The weak teristic doctrine,—the transmutation of species or poorly-conditioned perish, the strongest and by natural selection and the survival of the best-favored survive and leave offspring. Mid- fittest. We see him collecting and classifying ocean islands, being shut out from migrations the phenomena of plant and animal life in the of fierce animals, were some ways behind their Galapagos or in Australia. In these islands | continental neighbors because they had been 1890.] 61 THE DIAL able to take life so much more quietly; the later, he had only progressed so far as to write Galapagos Islands, five and six hundred miles a brief pencil abstract of thirty-five pages ; two westward of the South American coast, had years more, and this was enlarged to 230 pages, not kept pace with that coast because there had fairly copied out, but still laid away in his been fewer enemies to repulse ; Australia had desk while the laborious task of accumulating been left behind by Asia because of its com- ' evidence went on; and it was not until 1859, parative freedom from the fierce struggle for ! or twenty-three years after his return to En- existence. Natural Selection, or the survival gland, that these original theories were made of the fittest, and Sexual Selection, must be ail- accessible to the public under the title, “ The mitted as leading factors in organic evolution. | Origin of Species.” This is not the place for It is always a happy circumstance for the the story of its reception ; nor is it needful to average mortal when he can by chance catch a dwell upon the profound revolution wrought glimpse of the birth-moments of great thoughts | by it and its successors in every department of in the mind of genius. Do we not see such a thought,-in religion, philosophy, metaphysics, moment in the closing lines of Darwin's Jour- as well as in science. nal" while in the Galapagos Archipelago ? Af. As a story of travel simply, as a graceful ter describing in detail the remarkable charac- description of strange scenes and peoples, the ter of the fauna and flora of these ten islands, | present book is a charming one; but in its most of them in sight of each other, and differ- higher character as the storehouse of material ing neither in the nature of the soil, nor height | out of which was wrought a work whose im- of the land, nor the climate, nor the general pression was at once more wide, more deep, character of the associated beings, he adds: and more immediate, than any other of our “ It is the circumstance that several of the islands pos age, or perhaps of any age, this “ Naturalist's sess their own species of the tortoise, mocking-thrush, Voyage Round the World “belongs among the finches, and numerous plants, these species having the noteworthy of the books of all time. same general habits, occupying analogous situations, and obviously filling the same place in the natural economy Anna B. McMAHAN. of this archipelago, that strikes me with wonder. ... The only light which I can throw on this remarkable difference in the inhabitants of the different islands, is, CHESTERFIELD'S LETTERS TO HIS GODSON.* that very strong currents of the sea, running in a west- erly and W. N. W. direction, must separate, as far as In summarizing the character of Philip Dor- transportal by the sea is concerned, the southern islands mer, Earl of Chesterfield, Lecky the historian from the northern ones; and between these northern islands a strong N. W. current was observed, which speaks of his delicate but fastidious taste, his must effectually separate James and Albemarle Islands. low moral principle, his hard, keen, and worldly As the archipelago is free to a most remarkable degree wisdom ": and this, perhaps—with the empha- from gales of wind, neither the birds, insects, nor lighter sis on - low moral principle”——fairly expresses seeds would be blown from island to island. And lastly, the profound depth of the ocean between the islands, the conventional idea of the eighteenth century and their apparently recent (in a geological sense) vol- statesman and wit. It may be said of Lord canic origin, render it highly unlikely that they were Chesterfield -- and it is a rather uncommon ever united; and this, probably, is a far more important thing to say of one of his countrymen - that consideration than any other with respect to the geo- his reputation has suffered more from his graphical distribution of their inhabitants." Is not this the very germ of the immortal preaching than from his practice; and we may easily conjecture that had his preaching been * Origin of Species "? We know how strongly intended for the morally sensitive ear of the the matter had laid hold of him, by his own British public, he would have more carefully words later. - It was evident,” he says, “ that ' observed his own organic maxim " Le Grand such facts as these, as well as many others, could only be explained on the supposition that Art, et le plus necessaire de tous, c'est L'Art de Plaire." species gradually become modified ; and the i As a matter of fact, were Lord Chesterfield subject haunted me." Very soon after his re- fairly weighed in the balance with his contem- turn, he opened a note-book for the accumula- poraries and co-equals, he must lose, to a great tion of facts bearing on the question, and from extent, the invidious distinction usually be- that date he continued to gather them, “ on a ' stowed upon him. Certainly, he was no whit wholesale scale, more especially with respect to domesticated productions, by printed inquiries, * LETTERS OF Philip DORMER, Fourth Earl of Chester- field, to His Godson and Successor. Edited from the Orig- by conversation with skilful breeders and gar-, ters and gar- inals, with a Memoir of Lord Chesterfield, by the Earl of deners, and by extensive reading." Five years | Carnarvon. Illustrated. New York: Macmillan & Co. 62 [July, THE DIAL worse, and there is reason to believe that he apologist, for his kinsman. He is naturally in- was a great deal better, than the majority of clined, however, to set forth plainly such facts the class whose precept and criticism of life he as may be of service to the Earl's memory, and formulated. It is known that his letters to his to dwell especially upon certain tendencies dis- son were not intended for publication ; that coverable in the later series of letters that seem after the death of the recipient they were pub- to him likely to mitigate the impression left by lished— very unjustifiably—by his widow, Mrs. their predecessors. In them, he believes, “ a Eugenia Stanhope, as a mere money-making careful reader will note changes in the spirit venture ; and a very lucrative venture they | and general tone of thought”; and he tells us proved to be,- the public being as eager to that “though the intellectual power in these purchase as to condemn. Thus, the same chance later letters burns bright with the old fire, I that led to the enduring literary fame of the think that a somewhat higher moral tone may writer has also installed him as high priest be distinguished.” and exemplar of fashionable vice and insincer- | Lord Chesterfield's lot was cast at a critical ity, despite the conflicting fact of a useful, and period of English history, a period represent- in some respects a model career. The most ing the establishment of a new dynasty, the determined panegyrist of Lord Chesterfield will creation of the present Parliamentary system, scarcely deny that, considered from the high and the rise of a brilliant literature; and in moral, or, if you please, religious 'standpoint, these events he bore a conspicuous part. He much of the counsel and comment offered in acted with and against the great public men the “ Letters to his Son” is abominable. This of the day, — Boling broke, Walpole, Carteret, will be readily allowed on all hands. But, as Pitt; he was intimate with the greatest men Dr. Johnson once said to Boswell, “ Let us of letters, Addison, Swift, Pope, Gay, Ar- first clear our minds of cant”; and then con buthnot; and that he was not intimate with sider that it was not his son's prospects in the the “Great Cham of Literature” himself was next world, but his welfare in this, that the certainly not the fault of that testy potentate. anxious father deemed himself qualified to ad- No phase of his public career is more notewor- vance; and of his intimate and curious knowl. thy or more praiseworthy than his Vice-royalty edge of the ways of this world there can be no | in Ireland. It is not too much to say that at doubt. Lord Chesterfield would scarcely have no period in the history of that hapless coun- presented the “ Letters” to the world as em try has English rule been so satisfactorily ad- bodying a system of absolute ethics. Long ministered. To please, or even to content, the years of acute watching and deliberate weigh Irish nation is, for a Governor, a task that ing of the preferences and foibles of his fel dwarfs the labors of Hercules ; yet we learn lows convinced him that to appear well in their that at the close of Lord Chesterfield's admin- eyes—or, as he expressed it, “ to make people istration, “ persons of all ranks and religions in general wish him well, and inclined to serve followed him to the water's edge, praising and him in anything not inconsistent with their own blessing him and entreating him to return." interests ” — he must act in such and such a To Mr. Balfour this picture must be a surpris- way; and in that he unshrinkingly put the ing one. Yet Lord Chesterfield's rule in Ire- pitiful results of his experience into the form of land was not marked by undue lenity. Polit- advice to his son, lies the essence of his fault. ically, the period was one of transition, and We are not, however, to hold the observer time had not yet ratified the title of a dynasty responsible for the phenomena from which he | toward which the Irish were generally disaf- drew his conclusions. An impartial examina- fected. To illustrate Lord Chesterfield's pol- tion of his public-indeed, we may say of his icy, our editor relates that he once said to an private — life goes far toward relieving his agent of the Pretender then supposed to be memory of the obloquy cast upon it by the urging his claims : “ Sir, I do not wish to in- · Letters.” Lord Carnarvon, the editor of the quire whether you have any particular employ- present volume, has furnished it with an ex ment in this kingdom, but I know you have ceedingly well-written and judicious memoir of great influence among those of your persua- the Earl, from which it may be well to select a sion. I have sent for you to exhort them to few leading facts before turning to the newly be peaceable and quiet. If they behave like published letters themselves. Let it be under faithful subjects they shall be treated as such ; stood that our editor does not present himself but if they act in a different manner I will be as an eulogist, or even as a very determined worse to them than Cromwell.“? 1890.) 63 THE DIAL Lord Carnarvon justly observes that much care, he dissembled his grief, and looked about of the common estimate of Lord Chesterfield him for another object upon which to bestow has been founded on Dr. Johnson's opinion-| his affection. His choice fell upon his godson, which was certainly based on personal pique. Philip Stanhope, son of Arthur Charles Stan- Assuming, quite unwarrantably, that Lord hope of Mansfield. This boy, then in his sixth Chesterfield was morally bound to play the year, he adopted as heir to his rank, title, and Mæcenas toward the lexicographer-of whom affections ; and it is to him that the letters com- he knew little, and whose person and manners prising the contents of the present volume are must have been abhorrent to him-men of all addressed. The letters were given to Lord Car- sorts (not forgetting authors) take a pride in narvon by his father-in-law, the sixth Earl, and girding at him for having declined to do so. son of the youth to whom they were addressed. The story lies in a nutshell. On the one hand It was the donor's wish that he should edit was Lord Chesterfield, a leader in society, lit them; and this, after some delay, he has done. erature, and politics, a man whose name was a The manner in which the task has been per- synonym for good breeding, and in whose eyes formed is worthy of all praise. The notes elu- the graces and amenities of life were of para cidate the text without encumbering it, the ar- mount importance. On the other, we have Dr. rangement is the best possible, and the index- Johnson, a phenomenon of learning and inteling is thorough. Taking the volume all in all, lectual force, but also, unhappily, a phenome it would be difficult to point to a better exam- non of ill-breeding, slovenliness, and personal ple of unobtrusive and adequate editing. repulsiveness. Assuming human nature to have The literary value of the present series will then been in the main what it is to-day, we can be taken for granted. The qualities that se- scarcely blame Lord Chesterfield for treating cured for Lord Chesterfield's - Letters to his somewhat coolly one who must have been pecul Son” their high rank in epistolary literature iarly repugnant to him. After all, he did all are not, of course, wanting in those to his god- that could reasonably be expected of him, by son,—written from a like standpoint, and with a treating his suitor civilly, presenting him with similar intention. There is, however, a percep- ten pounds, and, what was more to the purpose, tible difference in tone, owing in part to the by writing two very handsome letters to “ The advanced years of the writer, in part to the World” in praise of his work—which good tender years of the recipient. We should say office the Doctor very unhandsomely repudi that the later series is marked by a kindlier, ated. Much solemn nonsense in the way of more playful, perhaps even by a less worldly moral dissertation has grown out of the story spirit, than is found in their predecessors; and that Lord Chesterfield once kept Johnson wait that, as may be expected, there is a flagging of ing in an antechamber (Lord Lyttleton placed the old intellectual fire and acuteness. A few the time at ten minutes) while he chatted with extracts selected at random will serve to illus- so frivolous a person as Colley Cibber. There trate their general trend and temper. is little doubt that the Earl found Cibber's “I never knew a man of quality and fortune respected lively prattle more entertaining than the pon on those accounts, unless he was humble with his title, derous - Sirs!” of the Doctor; and we may and extensively generous with his fortune. My Lord believe that so polite a nobleman objected to is become a ridiculous nickname for these proud fools; see My Lord comes; there's My Lord; that is, in other being knocked down with the butt of Johnson's words, see the puppy, there's the Blockhead." conversational pistol—which was Goldsmith's " Timidity is generally taken for stupidity, which for figurative way of saying that when the Doctor the most part it is not, but proceeds from a want of was fairly worsted in an argument he silenced education in good company. Mr. Addison was the most his opponent with a roar of abuse, or a stag timid and awkward man in good company I ever saw, gering sophistry. Is it not curious that pos- and no wonder, for he had been wholly cloistered up in terity has been so unwilling to condone Lord the cells of Oxford till he was five and twenty years old.” Chesterfield's shadowy discourtesy toward one “A man who despairs of pleasing will never please; whose habitual bearishness toward all was pro- a Man who is sure that he shall always please wherever verbial ? he goes, is a Coxcomb; but the man who hopes and en- The intense and unselfish interest that Lord deavors to please, and believes that he may, will most Chesterfield was capable of showing in the wel. infallibly please.” fare of his dependants was one of his most Lord Chesterfield was specially desirous that agreeable traits. Upon the death, in 1768, of his protegé be well grounded in history, and the son upon whom he had lavished so much some of the letters are largely made up of 64 THE DIAL [July, - ------- - historical fact and comment. The Popes are rior to James in ability to rule, but because he treated with scant respect : represented the Protestant element and James « Je vous diray donc que c'est un vieux Fourbe, qui the Catholic, and the nation was willing to do est eveque de Rome, et qui dans les tems d'ignorance much to exclude a professed Catholic from the passoit pour infaillible, et le Vicaire de Jesus Christ, throne. James, the first of the Stuart dynasty. mais a present on s'en inocque. ... Le Pape Leon dix, qui etoit aussi de la Famille de Medicis y contribua was an earnest and unreasoning advocate of the beaucoup [to the renaissance par son amour pour les “divine right of kings,” and his son, accepting lettres, et par sa liberalité envers les sçavans; mais the same doctrine, lost his head in trying to d'ailleurs c'etoit un franc Scelerat.” maintain it. The long and trying conflict be- The Koran he pronounces to be- tween the king and people resulted in the tri- “Un livre tout plein de sottises et d'extravagances, umph of the extreme element, and its final over- ou il n'y a q'une bonne chose, qui est qu'il y recommande throw by reason of its violent radicalism. The la charité et les aumones.” Restoration brought to the throne princes who There is a flavor decidedly Gallic in the fol- were headstrong, ill-qualified to rule, and prof- lowing epitaph : ligate in the extreme. But, during the whole * Cy git ma femme, Ah! qu'elle est bien period of their reckless misrule, the personality Pour son repos, et pour le mien." of the king was recognized as a powerful, if The publishers of this readable and in many not dominant, factor in the political system. respects important work have given it the dress To a large extent the king was the government, it deserves — the binding being neat and sub- and his will was conceded to be legal authority. stantial, and the print and paper of the first But, with the coming of the Georges, all this quality. Mention should also be made of the was changed. These kings were generally weak illustrations, which consist for the most part of and vicious, and were thoroughly foreign both capitally reproduced portraits of the Earl and in education and sentiment. Yet their weak- his godson. ness constituted the strength of the nation, and Philip Stanhope, the man, fell far short of made it possible to gradually curtail their au- the brilliant hopes formed for him by his god- thority in the interest of popular government. father. Instead of the accomplished statesman, To the negative rather than the positive quali- man of letters, and courtier, he seems to have ities of the majority of the Brunswick sover- been the hum-drum, quite commonplace coun- eigns is largely due the wonderful advancement try gentleman-very little given to “ sacrificing and prosperity of the Island-Empire at the to the Graces.” A portrait of him in later life present time. speaks volumes for his general pursuits and The period beginning with the accession of tastes. He is represented as a stout farmer- George I. is one of the most interesting in En- like person in top-boots, presiding over his barn- glish history, and, at the same time, perhaps yard, and gazing with bland satisfaction at a the most difficult to treat of satisfactorily. The prize heifer; and an ill-natured critic might historian must concern himself not only with suggest that the animal bears a quaint sort of foreign policies, the development of the pre- resemblance to its owner. ponderating power of the House of Commons, the advancement of home interests, and all that EDWARD GILPIN JOHNSON. legitimately falls within the province of his- tory, but he must also delve deep into the mire of political corruption, marital faithlessness, THE Four GEORGES.* and all the exaggerated vices of society. For, The transfer of the crown from the House in the reigns of the earlier Georges, legislation of Stuart to the House of Brunswick, in 1714, was carried through by open-faced bribery, and marked the beginning of a new era in English shameless intrigues became instruments in shap- history. Never has a change of dynasty prom ing national policies. The field has not been ised less advantage to the state ; and never has an inviting one, and comparatively few have such a change been more potent in developing attempted the difficult task of writing the his- its prosperity. The succession had been set- i tory of so turbulent a period. Thackeray was tled upon the licentious, brutal, and phlegmatic , the first to enter the field, and his essay on elector of Hanover, not because he was supe-| “ The Four Georges" has been much read and admired. Yet he labors under the difficulty * A HISTORY OF THE FOUR GEORGES. By Justin McCar- thy, M.P., author of "A History of Our Own Times.” In four of being a recognized humorist, and his read- volumes. Vols. I. and II. New York: Harper & Bruthers. | ers can never quite persuade themselves that 1890.] 65 THE DIAL he is in earnest, even in his most serious moods. opment of the large cities, the economic condi- He was better fitted by nature for a novelist | tion of the people, the progress of the great than for a historian, since his intense character industries, the growth of political power among too often led him to lay aside the judicial er- the masses, and the various phases of the relig- mine for the garb of an advocate. Hence, when ious questions of the day, have all been noted. Mr. McCarthy gave us the first volume of his In the chapter devoted to the Wesleyan Move- “ Four Georges” in 1885, he entered a field ment,” he says : not satisfactorily covered by any individual “One turns in relief from the partisan struggles in work. The second volume, bringing the nar- | Parliament and out of it, from the intrigues and coun- ter-intrigues of selfish and perfidious statesmen, and the rative down to the death of George II., was alcove conspiracies of worthless women, to Wesley and delayed until the present year. his religious visions, to Whitefield and his colliers, to Mr. McCarthy's style is plain and pointed, Charles Wesley and his sweet devotional hymns. Many with little embellishment. In securing and of us are unable to have any manner of sympathy with weighing materials, he has performed his duty the precise doctrines and the forms of faith which Wes- ley taught. But the man must have no sympathy with laboriously and conscientiously, and has given faith or religious feeling of any kind who does not rec- a fair picture of the times and an impartial ognize the unspeakable value of that great reform which estimate of the men whose character and deeds Wesley and Whitefield introduced to the English peo- he discusses. One of the striking features of l ple. They taught moral doctrines which we all accept in common, but they did not teach them after the cold the book is the series of word-portraits of the and barren way of the plodding mechanical instructor. men and women of the times. Whenever a They thundered them into the opening ears of thous- new actor appears on the stage, the author ands who had never been roused to moral sentiment takes him to the front and introduces him to before." the audience in a few well-chosen phrases, which This contains the true historic spirit, candid immediately transform the stranger into an and impartial, yet deeply earnest. old acquaintance, and lead the audience into a | The vice and corruption which existed dur- better comprehension of his part in the great ing the reigns of the first two Georges rests drama. These character criticisms add much like a foul stain upon the history of the times. to the value and interest of the work, especi The sovereign set a dark example, by his brut- ally since the author convinces his readers that ish licentiousness, which the people, of high he is both competent to judge and impartial in and low degree alike, did not hesitate to fol- his judgment. Thus the whole book is like a low. Virtue met a cold reception both at the picture gallery, in which the portraits are con court and in society. Such characters cannot nected by a narrative sufficiently developed to be glossed over, and Mr. McCarthy has not show their relations with each other and with attempted the task. The base liaisons of the the world. And yet, prominent as is this fea- king, the unscrupulous bribery so freely prac- ture, history is not anywhere subordinated to tised, which disgraced both the giver and the biography. An example of this portraiture receiver, political treachery and marital infidel- may be taken from his description of Pulteney, ity, are all discussed without apology. No pic- who was the first to organize the opposition ture of the times would be otherwise complete. party in Parliament into an effective political The most prominent character of the period force. He says : was Sir Robert Walpole, who for twenty years “ He [Pulteney] was a born parliamentary debater. shaped the policy of the Government, curbing His style was brilliant, incisive, and penetrating. He his friends and overriding his enemies with a could speak on any subject at the spur of the moment. skill and determination which have rarely been He never delivered a set speech. All his resources excelled. It is perhaps safe to say that the seemed to be at instant command, according as he had need of them. His reading was wide, deep, and varied; foundations of modern constitutional govern- he was a most accomplished classical scholar, and had ment were laid by his hands, for he lifted the a marvellous readiness and aptitude for classical allu- ! House of Commons out of its subservience to sion. . . . His private character would have little the House of Lords