lstoï's short sketches of Russian life, inspired gen- i to the American public. Printed from large type, well illus-
erally by some pregnant text of Scripture, and written for the trated, and handsomely bound, it makes a book worthy of
niasse
Ten more than his longer works show the any library.
man's real greatness. Sixteen of these, selected from various
publications, are here presented in a neat and attractive
FAMOUS EUROPEAN ARTISTS. By Mrs. SARAH
Ed
volume.
TK. Bolton, author of "Poor Boys Who Became Famous,"
etc. With portraits of Raphael, Titian, Landseer, Rey-
THE NARRATIVE OF CAPTAIN COIGNET, I nolds, Rubens, Turner, and others. 12mo, $1.30.
1 SOLDIER OF THE EMPIRE, 1776 15.30). An auto- In this handsome volume Mrs. Bolton relates sympathetic-
biographical account of one of Napoleon's Body Guard. ally the lives of Sir Joshua Reynolds, Turner, and other ar-
Fully illustrated. 12mo, half leather, $2.50; half calf, tists, whose names are household words. The sketches are
33,00
accompanied by excellent portraits.
The recollections of Captain Coignet, perfectly authentic-
ated, came to us like a voice from those mighty masses who CAMOUS ENGLISH AUTHORS OF THE NINE-
under Vapoleon niade Europe tremble almost a hundred years T TEENTH CENTURY. By Mrs. SARAH K. Bolton, au-
ago, It is the record of the daily doings of a private sollier, thor of " Poor Boys Who Became Famous,"? etc. With
who fought in many great campaigns. They are marked by portraits of Scott, Burns, Carlyle, Dickens, Tennyson, Rob-
quaint frankness and naïveté, an honest boastfulness thor-
ert Browning, etc. 12mo, $1.50.
onghly Gallic, and a keen sense of the picturesque value of
During a recent visit abroad, Mrs. Bolton had an opportu-
truth. Nothing like these memoirs has ever been published.
nity of visiting many of the scenes made memorable by the
They are original, shrewd, clever, and they make the Napo-
residence or writings of the best-known English authors, and
leonic days live again.
the incidents which she was thus enabled to invest with a per-
sonal interest she has woven into the sketches of Tennyson.
RRAMPTON SKETCHES; OR, OLD NEW ENGLAND
Ruskin, Browning, and the other authors of whom she writes.
D LIFE. By Mrs. William Claflin. Illustrated. 16mo, These two companion volumes are among the best of the
unique binding, $1.25.
well-known - Famous" series.
The old New England life is rapidly fading, not only from
existence, but even from the memory of people. It is, there-
FAMILY MANNERS. By ELIZABETH GLOVER, au-
fore, well that those who were in touch with the best elements 1 thor of "Talks about a Fine Art," etc. Booklet. Half
of this quaint and homely life should put upon paper and per cloth, 30 cents.
petuate its traditions and half-forgotten memories. This
Virs. Claflin has done for the town of Hopkinton, where her
THE PORTABLE COMMENTARY. By JAMIESON,
grandparents lived, and “ Brampton Sketches' stand out as a T FAUSSETT, AND BROWN. 2 vols., crown 8vo, cloth, $1.00.
truthful record of a peculiarly interesting provincial town.
This convenient manual has a world-wide reputation as the
best book of its kind in the English language. It is full, yet
COLD NAILS TO HANG MEMORIES ON. A
concise, easily understood, clear in type, convenient in size; a
V Rhyming Review, under their Christian names, of Old work that should be in the hands of every student of the Bible.
Acquaintances in History, Literature, and Friendship. By
ELIZABETH A. ALLEN. Svo, gilt edges, $2.50,
HALF A DOZEN BOYS. By Axxa CHAPIN RAY.
This is the most original autograph book ever published. 11 12mo, illustrated, $1.23.
It ainis to give a history and record of the more or less famil- A genuine story of boy life. The six heroes are capital fel-
iar Christian names, and at the same time to commemoratelows, such as a healthy boy, or girl either for that matter, will
the most familiar and famous men and women who have borne feel their hearts warm toward. The simple incidents and
them. The book, therefore, has not only an interest of its amusements of the village where they live are invested wi
own, but is distinctively educational. Spaces are left on each a peculiar charın through the hearty and sympathetic style in
page for autographs.
which the book is written. It is worthy of Miss Alcott's pen.
FOR SALE BY ALL BOOKSELLERS.
THOMAS Y. CROWELL & CO., PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK CITY.


264
[Dec.,
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E. P. DUTTON & COMPANY'S
New CHRISTMAS PUBLICATIONS.
GOLDEN TREASURY OF ART AND SONG. ATA PATHWAY OF FLOWERS. An album for anto-
beautiful fine art gift-book with 18 monotint pages and 34 graphs and original and selected verses, containing 10 color
type pages, bound in cloth beautifully stamped, gilt edges, pages and 16 type pages, decorated with pen and ink, bound
$6.00; Japanese calf, $7.30.
in cloth, gilt edges, ito, $2.50; Japanese calf, $3,50.
TIME'S FOOTSTEPS. A family record book, containing A CHRISTMAS CAROL. By Phillips Brooks, D.D.
1 color picture, 12 monotint pages, and 37 pages decorated “Everywhere, everywhere, Christmas to-night."' Quarto,
with pen-and-ink drawings, elegantly bound in cloth, gilt beautifully illustrated in colors, $1.00.
edges, large ito, $5.00.
IT CAME UPON THE MIDNIGHT CLEAR. A
FAMILIAR LONDON. Containing 12 views of the best Christmas Carol by Edmund H. Sears, D.D. Quarto, beau-
known sights of London, in full color, and 24 pages of de tifully illustrated in colors, $1.00.
scription, ornamented with beautiful sketches, bound in
cloth, gilt edges, $3.75.
CALM ON THE LISTENING EAR OF NIGHT. The
Christmas Hymn by E. H. Sears, D.D. Illustrated with
THE KING'S HIGHWAY. Daily Hymns and Texts for numerous drawings by Walter Paget and A. W. Parsons.
a Month, with 12 whole-page color pictures by Fred. Hines, Printed in choice combinations of monotint, fto, 20 pages,
and 28 illustrated type pages, bound in cloth, gilt edges, monotint cover, $1.00.
$3.30.
The above Hymns by Dr. Sears are among the most beau-
SHAKESPEARE AND HIS BIRTHPLACE. By tiful in the language, and the illustrations must be seen to
Emma Marshall. Illustrated with 10 color sketches of the be appreciated.
poet's home and surroundings, 22 type pages, ornamented
with pen-and-ink sketches, gilt edges, beautifully bound in
SILAKESPEARE PICTURES. Quotations from Shake-
cloth, $3,00.
speare, illustrated with 6 color plates and 6 pages of dec-
orated letter-press, limp colored cover, gilt edges, tied with
BUNYAN'S HOME. By John Brown, D.D. Illustrated ribbon, 50 cents.
with 8 color sketches of the poet's home and surroundings,
24 type pages, ornamented with pen-and-ink sketches, cloth,
TENNYSON PICTURES. Quotations from Tennyson.
gilt edges, $3,00.
illustrated with 6 color-plates and 6 pages of decorated let-
ter-press, limp colored cover, gilt edges, tied with ribbon,
THE BEAUTIFUL WORLD, and other Poems. By 50 cents,
Helen J. Wood and others. Illustrated with 24 excellent
monotint pages and 21 decorated letterpress pages, cloth,
HOMEWARD. A Scripture Text Book, with Poetical Se-
gilt edges, $3.00; Japanese calf, $1.00.
lections for each day in the month, with illustrations in
color and monotint, 31 pages, 30 cents.
YEAR IN, YEAR OUT. A book of the months, with
12 beautiful color plates by Walter Paget, and 24 pages
TIE LANGUAGE OF FLOWERS. Consisting of 12
with pen-and-ink drawings, with reference to the 12 months
color plates and 24 decorative type pages, beautifully bound
of the year, bound in charming fancy cover, gilt edges,
with a gold-blocked fancy cover, gilt edge, $1.00.
$1.25.
GOLDEN LIVKS. A charmingly illustrated Birthday.
FROM LEAF TO LEAF. Poetry selected and arranged Book, 12 color pages and 52 pages of decoration, type and
by Robert Ellice Mack. Small Ato, profusely illustrated in spaces for signatures, bound in cloth, gilt edges, $1.51);
monotint, cloth, gilt, $2.50.
calf padded, $1.00.
COLOR BOOKS FOR CHILDREN.
OLD FATHER TIME, and his Twelve Children. Verses | CHERRY CHEEKS AND ROSES. A children's book,
for Children. Illustrated by Harriet M. Bennett, with 16 containing 8 color pages and 24 monotint pages, 4to, $1.00.
full-page colored pictures. Large 4to, 40 pages, $2.00.
VERY FUNNY. Amusing Rhymes, with pictures of
ONCE UPON A TIME. An illustrated story book for Cats and Kittens, Dogs, Bears, etc. Will amuse young
children. With colored pictures by Harriet M. Bennett and and old. Small Ito, 28 pages, 75 cents.
Lizzie Mack, and stories by Mrs. Oscar Wilde, Mrs. Moles-
TIN Y GEM SERIES. A neat box with pretty cover,
worth, Helen J. Wood, and others. Ito, 132 pages, cloth,
containing 6 little booklets, each nicely bound with colored
gilt, $2.00.
cover, and containing 4 colored pictures and 8 type and
JACK FROST, and other amusing Fairy Stories. With white and black pages. Per set, 75 cents.
illustrations by John Lawson. Large 4to, 10 pages, 8 color
TODDLE'S TRAVELS. Containing 7 color pages and
pages, $1.50. This will be found a very attractive and en- !
11 monotint pages, bound in board, with very pretty cover,
tertaining book for children.
50 cents.
DAISY CHAIN SERIES. A set of six booklets packed | FUN AND FROLIC FOR LITTLE FOLK. A book
in a pretty box. Each book of the set contains 8 pages of consisting of 1 color plate and 18 pages of letter press,
type and process blocks, and + colored pages. Per set, $1.50.
abounding in pretty cuts and process blocks, 50 cents.
DUTTON'S ANNUAL FOR 1830. Large 4to, 6 original EVENTS IN THE LIFE OF OUR LORD. Eight
full-page colored illustrations, double lithographed covers. large color plates and 10 type and process pages, tto, paper
Boards, $1.25; cloth, gilt, $2.00,
30 cents.
For sale at the bookstores, or sent by mail, postpaid, on receipt of prices. Our new Holiday Catalogue sent free on application
E. P. DUTTON & CO., PUBLISHERS, 31 WEST 230 STREET, NEW YORK.


1890.]
265
THE DIAL
-
SOME BEAUTIFUL BOOKS MCLOUGHLIN BROTHERS
BY CHICAGO AUTHORS.
PUBLISHERS,
SUMMERLAND.
623 Broadway, New York.
A New Volume by MARGARET MACDONALD PULLMAN,
author of “ Days Serene.” With 63 Original Illustrations,
engraved on wood by Andrew. Size, 9 1-2 x 12 1-2 inches. TWO VERY ATTRACTIVE BOOKS FOR
Oblong quarto. Artistic cover of two colored cloths, beau-
tifully ornamented, full gilt, $3.75; Turkey Morocco,
BOYS AND GIRLS.
$9.00; Tree Calf, $10.00; English Seal Style, $7.00.
"As one dwells with delight over these pictures, turning
from one to another with ever fresh pleasure and interest,
they seem to impregnate the very air with a summer fra-
Grimm's Household Fairy Tales.
grance, and are instinct with a realism that holds the senses
enthralled. They do indeed tell us of hills in sunshine ; A large quarto of 284 pages, 8 1-2 x 10 1-4 inches,
meadows with perfumed air; of the brook fringed with flow bound in cloth covers artistically stamped in gold
ering grasses, and cool, quiet reflections; the winding path
that suggests the cottage life just over the hills, with its
and colors, and containing over one hundred
warm blue breathings of the hidden hearth; of the healing illustrations in black by that clever artist, R.
breath of the pine woods ; music of quiet waters ; of white
sands washed by the waves of the sea blue with heaven's own
André, together with a beautiful colored frontis-
reflection; lengthening shadows ; day done and quiet over piece. A new and careful translation from the
all.' In the study of these pictures the heart is touched and
original has been made of these world-famous,
one feels that a full sympathy with these lovely aspects of
nature adds sweetness to life, and that through nature a child-delighting stories, and the illustrations will
blessing of joy is ours. What more need we say of the be found in admirable harmony with the text,
splendid work here given? Only to remark that to see is
to fall in love with it, for emphatically does it speak for
the artist seeming to convey the very atmosphere
itself. Preceding each picture is a leaf upon one page of of that quaint, picturesque world of goblins,
which is an exquisite design in connection with a very brief
fairies, giants, and witches ; while the handsome
quotation germane to the subject of the engraving."- Boston
Home Journal.
open type and the elegant form of the volume
AN OLD LOVE LETTER.
make it unquestionably the most satisfactory edi-
Miss JEROME'S LATEST WORK.
tion ever offered of this most attractive and popu-
Designed and illuminated by IRENE E. JEROME, author
lar of all collections of folk-stories. Price, $1.00.
of * One Year's Sketch Book," " Nature's Hallelujah,''
"In a Fair Country," "A Bunch of Violets," "A Message
of the Bluebird,” etc. Antique covers, tied with Silk. A Christmas Box of Pretty Stories
Boxed, $1.00.
“One of the most charming things possible in its line, and
A delightful collection of pleasant stories, illus-
bearing on its every page, and throughout its every thought.
the fragrance of truly divine message, is · From an Old Love trated most profusely with charming pictures in
Letter,' by Irene Jerome. The mention of her name is suf black, no page being without one. The stories
ficient to guarantee beauty of design and daintiness of exe-
cution, but the gem in question deserves an attempt at de-
relate to the various subjects dearest to the
scription, Loose silk cords confine it, from side to side, childish heart, one division being devoted to
caught and held by a pretty monogram stamped in brown
cats and kittens, another to dogs, a third to dol-
sealing wax. The title-page is beautifully illuminated in gold,
yellow and brown, its active meaning being emphasized by a lies, and so on. Their style is unusually bright
small dove, bearing a letter, fastened by a cord around its and vivacious, even for these days of brilliant
neck. The first page bears a quotation from Thomas à Kem-
pis, followed, on further pages, by selections from the Bible,
juvenile literature, and the volume cannot fail to
each delightfully surrounded and embellished with a graceful please and delight little readers. It is bound in
design in gilt and color. The Finis has an equally attractive
representation on the last page. The whole is beautiful and
cloth, stamped in gold and colors, and contains
artistic to a degree-the essence and embodiment of loving, a fine colored frontispiece. 4to, 288 pages.
dainty thought.- Boston Times.
Size, 8 1-2 x 10 1-4 inches. Price, $1.00.
ALL AROUND THE YEAR-1891.
Designed in Sepiatint and Color by J. PAULINE SUNTER.
Also, a Very Complete Assortment of
Printed on heavy cardboard, gilt edges, with chain, tassels,
MCLOUGHLIN BROTHERS'.
and rings. Size, 4 3-4 x 5 1-2 inches. Boxed, price, 50 cents.
No daintier gift book may be found than the Calendar for TOY BOOKS,
1891 just issued by Messrs Lee & Shepard. Printed on heavy
LINEN BOOKS,
cardboard, gilt edged, designed by J. Pauline Sunter, each
page is a charming reminder of the month of the year and its
JUVENILE BOOKS,
days. The designs are mostly of chubby children, some
CARD AND FOLDING BOARD GAMES,
quaintly dressed, others not dressed at all, but all with such
good cheer in their faces that it seems as though the new A B C BLOCKS,
month must open brightly. In addition to the calendar, at
the side of each page there is an appropriate quotation. The
PICTURE CUBES,
cards are separate and tied with white silk cord and a chain
SCROLL PUZZLES, Etc.
attached.
New IllusTRATED CATALOGUE and ANNOUNCEMENT List
sent free. Sold by all Booksellers, and sent by mail,
For SALE BY
post-paid, on receipt of the price.
A. C. MCCLURG AND COMPANY,
LEE & SHEPARD, 10 MILK St., Boston. |
CHICAGO.


266
[Dec.,
THE DIAL
Charles Scribner's Sons' New Books.
IN SCRIPTURE LANDS.-New Views of Sacred Places.
By EDWARD L. Wilson. 150 original Illustrations from photographs taken by the author. Large 8vo, $3.50.
“We may best differentiate Mr. Wilson's work from that of its predecessors by saying that it is pictorial. He gives the
reader a view of the localities which previous students and explorers or traditions have identified. His pen seems to have caught
something of the spirit of his art, and to be almost as photographic in its realistic portraiture as his camera.”—Dr. Lyman Abbott.
HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES. Studies among ! IN THE FOOTPRINTS OF CHARLES LAMB. By
the Tenements of New York. Ry JACOB A. Rus. BENJAMIN E. MARTIN. Illustrated by Herbert Rail-
With 40 Illustrations from photographs taken by the į ton and John Fulley love. With bibliography by E.
author. 8vo, $2.50.
D. North. 8vo, $2.50.
This is not only a vivid picture of the New York under- In addition to following Lamb in his wanderings, and de-
world, but a helpful consideration of the forces therein at i scribing his haunts, Mr. Martin sketches him " as he moved in
work and the best means of counteracting them.
| the crowd, among his friends, by his sister's side, and alone."
THE LIFE OF JOHN ERICSSON.
By WILLIAM C. CHURCH. With 50 Illustrations. 2 vols., 8vo, S6.00.
Having been intimately acquainted with Ericsson for many years, and having been intrusted with the famous inventor's
correspondence and other papers, Col. Church was qualified as no one else could be to write an authoritative account of the
wonderfully interesting and romantic career of the man, and this he has done with the utmost skill.
ELECTRICITY IN DAILY LIFE. A popular ac- ! THE VIKING AGE. The Early History, Manners,
count of the Science and Application of Electricity and Customs of the Ancestors of the English-Speak-
to Everyday Uses. With 120 Illustrations. 8vo, ing Nations. By Paul B. DU CHAILLU. With 1100
$3.00.
Illustrations. 2 vols., 8vo, $7.50.
This work is intended distinctly for non-technical readers. “These luxuriously printed and illustrated volumes embody
The subject, in all its branches, is treated by acknowledged the fullest account of our Norse ancestors extant. It is an
authorities, and is thoroughly abreast of the latest alvances. | extensive and important work."'-N. Y. Tribune.
THE PACIFIC COAST SCENIC TOUR.
From Southern California to Alaska.—The Yosemite.—The Canadian Pacific Railway.—Yellowstone Park and
the Grand Cañon. By HENRY T. FINCK. With 20 full-page illustrations. 8vo, $2.50.
"The author is an acute observer, and he deals with a subject which is as practical as it is fascinating. His descriptions
vill prove a revelation to many readers ignorant of what the Pacific Slope has to offer in variety of natural scenery."- Boston
Transcript.
FAMOUS WOMEN OF THE FRENCH COURT.
Translated from the French of IMBERT DE SAINT-AMAND by ThomAS SERGEANT PERRY. Six volumes now
ready. Others in preparation. Each with Portrait. 12mo, $1.25.
MARIE ANTOINETTE AND
THE WIFE OF
THE HAPPY DAYS OF
THE END OF THE OLD REGIME. THE FIRST CONSUL.
THE EMPRESS MARIE LOUISE.
CITIZENESS BONAPARTE,
THE COURT OF
MARIE LOUISE AND
THE EMPRESS JOSEPHINE. THE DECADENCE OF THE EMPIRE.
• M. de Saint-Amand writes an entertaining book. He has a picturesque and lively fancy and a fertile imagination. His
style is animated and pleasing, and his bistorical judgments well taken.''-N. Y. Times.
DAINTY NEW BOOKS FOR HOLIDAY GIFTS.
CAMEO EDITION. Two new volumes have just been issued | EUGENE FIELD. Exquisitely printed and bound, the writ-
in this tasteful edition : Cable's OLD CREOLE DAYS, ings of this popular author, A LITTLE BOOK OF WEST-
and Page's IN OLE VIRGINIA, uniform with Donald G. I ERN VERSE and A LITTLE BOOK OF PROFITABLE
Mitchell's “Reveries of a Bachelorand “ Dream Life,"
TALES, are contributions of genuine value to American
literature. Each 16mo, $1.25.
issued last year. Each volume with frontispiece etching!
“These handsome volumes are examples of a wit, humor,
16mo, $1.25.
and pathos quaint and rare."-N. Y. Tribune.
BALLADS. By Robert Louis STEVENSON. 16mo, $1.00.
THE LION'S CUB, and Other Verses. By R. H. STOD-
Five narrative pieces in Mr. Stevenson's vivid and pictur I DARD. 16mo, $1.25.
esque verse, the most important embodying Polynesian leg- A beautiful little volume. containing the more recent poems
ends, and published for the first time.
I of this popular poet.
* Send TEN CENTs for the CHRISTMAS BOOK-BUYER, containing a handsome engraved portrait of Sir Edwin
Arnold, with a sketch by R. H. Stoddard, special articles by Frank R. Stockton, Harriet Prescott Spofford, Dr. Lyman Abbott,
Mrs. Burton Harrison, Noah Brooks, and other popular writers, reviews of the holiday books, literary letters, and over sixty
Illustrations by eminent artists.
For sale by all booksellers, or sent, postpaid, on receipt of price, by
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, Publishers, 743-745 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.


1890.7
267
THE DIAL
What shall I get as
A CHRISTMAS PRESENT
Mrs. Rorer's
Cook Book
for Mother
Wife
Sister
Aunt
Cousin
Sweetheart
During the whole of this year we have laid Teacher
before the readers of this journal the peculiar
and particular merits of Mrs. Rorer's Cook Friend
Book.
We say it is the best. A broad claim, but results justify it. The
book proves itself. Is it not worth something to know that your
guide in cooking never fails ? Everything in this book is a cooked
certainty.
It is not necessary that you should be an experienced housekeeper.
The book is for everyone—the beginner as well as the can't-be-taught
cook. You 'll cook better with it. The one to whom you give it
will remember you with pleasurable feelings every time she uses it.
This is our parting shot for 1890.
The book is bound in washable oil-cloth covers; price, $1.75.
Your bookseller has it, or we will send it to any address, corners
protected, and postage paid.
ARNOLD AND COMPANY,
420 Library St., Philadelphia, Pa.
Sold by A. C. McClurg & Company.


268
[Dec.,
THE DIAL
WORTHINGTON Co.'s New SETS OF Books.
WHARTON’S WITS AND BEAUX OF SOCIETY. I TAINE (H. A.). HISTORY OF ENGLISH LIT-
V With Preface by Justin H. MCCARTHY, M.P. Illus TERATURE. Translated by H. Van Laun, with Intro
trated by H. K.BROWNE and JAMES GODWIN. In 2 vols., ductory Essay and Notes by R. H. STODDARD, and steel
8vo. English edition, 1890, $5.00.
and photogravure portraits by eminent engravers and artists.
An inexhaustible mine of anecdotes about Gramont, Ches-
Four handsome octavo volumes, cloth, white labels, $7.50.
terfield, St. Simon, Walpole, Selwyn, Duke of Buckingham,
Same in two volumes, cloth, white label, $3.75.
and others.
RROWNING, ELIZABETH BARRETT. POEMS.
WHARTON'S THE QUEENS OF SOCIETY. D The most satisfactory American edition issued, printed
W With Preface by JUSTIN H. MCCARTHY, M.P. Illus from excellent type on paper of superior quality. With In-
trations by C. A. DOYLE. In 2 vols., 8vo. English edi-
troductory Essay by HENRY T. TUCKERMAN. 3 vols., 8vo,
tion, 1890, $5.00.
gilt tops, $5.25.
Delightful anecdotes and gossip about Duchess of Marlbo-
ROTTECK (CHAS. VON, LL.D.) THE HISTORY
rough, Madame Roland, Lady Montagu, Mme. de Sévigné,
Mme. Récamier, Mme. de Staël, La Marquise de Maintenon,
N OF THE WORLD. A general history of all nations in
Lady Hervey, Lady Caroline Lamb, and many others.
all times. New edition, revised. Illustrated with numer-
ous full-page engravings. 4 vols., large 8vo, cloth, gilt ex-
WILSON'S NOCTES AMBROSIANÆ. By Prof. tra, $7.50 ; half morocco or half calf, $15.00.
Wilson, LOCKHART, Hogy, and Dr. MAGINN. With
W HEIMBURG'S NOVELS. New uniform edi-
steel portraits and memoirs of the authors, and copiously
annotated by R. Shelton MACKENZIE, D.C.L. 6 vols.,
W . tion. With photogravure illustrations. 8 vols., half
crown 8vo, including " Christopher North," a memoir of
morocco, $10.00.
Professor Wilson, from family papers and other sources, by
his daughter, Mrs. Gordon. Cloth, $9.00.
PICTURESQUE IRELAND. Descriptive and His-
Most singular and delightful outpouring of criticism, politics,
torical. With 50 full-page engravings on steel, from draw-
and descriptions of feelings, character, and scenery, of verse
ings by W. H. BARTLETT, and an account of its cities, towns,
and prose, of eloquence, and especially of wild fun.
mountains, waters, ancient monuments, and modern struc-
tures, by MARKFIELD ADDEY. 2 vols., 4to, cloth extra,
NAPOLEON. Memoirs of the Life, Exile, and Con-
gilt edges, $10.00.
TV versations of the Emperor Napoleon. By the Count DE
These two handsome volumes will make the reader better
acquainted with the picturesque features of the “Emerald
Las Cases. With eight steel portraits, maps, and illustra-
Isle" than any work that has ever preceded it. Only by a
tions. 4 vols., 8vo, cloth, $6.00.
combination of both pen and pencil was it possible to give an
idea of the beauty of Ireland-its marvellous lakes, moun-
NAPOLEON IN EXILE ; OR, A VOICE FROM St. tains, and valleys, romantic streams, mysterious round towers,
V HELENA. Opinions and Reflections of Napoleon on the Giant's Causeway, waterfalls, stately castles, magnificent re-
Most Important Events of his Life and Government, in his ligious and public edifices, etc.
own words. By BARRY E. O'MEARA, his late Surgeon.
Portrait of Napoleon after Delaroche, and a view of St. He-
CYCLOPEDIA OF THE ARTS AND SCIENCES.
lena, both on steel. 2 vols., 8vo, cloth, $3.00.
U Botany, Zoology, Mineralogy, Geology, Astronomy, Ge-
ometry, Mathematics, Mechanics, Electricity, Chemistry.
NAPIER'S PENINSULAR WAR. By W. F. P. etc. Illustrated with over 3,000 wood engravings. 1 vol.,
NAPIER. With fifty-five maps, plans of battles, and five
4to, cloth extra, $6,00; sheep, $7.50; half morocco extra,
portraits on steel. 5 vols., 8vo, $7.50.
$10.00.
The most valuable record of that war which England waged
This Encyclopedia is more than a first-class book of refer-
against the power of Napoleon.
ence; it is a library of popular and scientific treatises, each
one complete in itself, which places in the hands of the reader
CRAY. The Works of Thomas Gray, in Prose and
the means to procure for himself a thorough technical self-
U Verse. Edited by EDMUND Gosse. With portraits, fac-
education. The several topics are handled with a view of a
similes, etc. 4 vols., crown 8vo, cloth, gilt top, $6.00.'
thorough instruction in these particular branches of knowl-
“Every lover of English literature will welcome the works
edge, and all statements are precise and scientifically accurate.
of Gray from the hands of an editor so accomplished as Mr. OLD SPANISH ROMANCES. English Edition, in-
Gosse.”—London Athenæum.
cluding Don QUIXOTE, 4 vols.; Gil Blas, 3 vols.; LAZ-
DON QUIXOTE DE LA MANCHA. Translated
ARILLO DE TORMES, 2 vols.; ASMODIUS; BACHELOR OF SAL-
AMANCA ; GONZALES; in all, 12 vols., Svo, cloth, $21.00.
from the Spanish of MIGUEL DE CERVANTES SAAVEDRA
The same 12 vols. in half rox., gilt top, $24.00.
by MOTTEUX. With copious notes (including the Spanish
Ballads), and an essay on the Life and Writings of Cervantes
* This prettily printed and prettily illustrated collection of
by John G. Lockhart. Preceded by a Short Notice of the
Spanish romances deserve their welcome from all students of
Life and Works of Peter Anthony Motteux by Henri Van
seventeenth century literature."--The Times.
Laun. Illustrated by 16 original etchings by R. de Los
NEW AND SPECIAL EDITION OF THACKERAY.
Rios. 4 vols., 8vo, cloth, $6.00.
THACKERAY'S COMPLETE WORKS. New edi-
CIL BLAS OF SANTILLANE. Translated from 1 tion, printed from new type. Edition de luxe, with up-
the French of Le Sage by Tobias SMOLLETT. With ward of 1500 illustrations, printed on India paper. 20 hand-
biographical and critical notice of Le Sage by George Saints some vols., 8vo, cloth, paper title, edges uncut, $70.00.
bury. New edition, carefully revised. Illustrated with 12
original etchings by R. de Los Rios. 3 vols., 8vo, cloth, $4,50.
DAYNE'S ARABIAN NIGHTS. 9 vols., vellum,
| AZARILLO DE TORMES. By Don Diego MEN-
English edition, $67.50.
DOZA. Translated by THOMAS Roscoe. And GUZMAN – ARABIC TALES. 3 vols., vellum, English edi-
D'ALFARACHE. By MATEO ALEMAN. Translated by tion, $22.50.
BRADY. Illustrated with 8 original etchings by R. de Los
Rios. 2 vols., 8vo, cloth, $3.00.
- ALAEDDIN. 1 vol., 8vo, vellum, $7.50.
Any of the above sent, postpaid, on receipt of price, by the Publishers,
WORTHINGTON COMPANY, No. 747 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.


1890.]
269
THE DIAL
FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY'S NEW BOOKS.
RICH AND ATTRACTIVE HOLIDAY GIFTS.
SOME AMERICAN PAINTERS IN
WATER-COLORS.
A companion to the remarkably successful collection en-
titled. “Fac-Similes of Aquarelles by American Artists."
Collections of Water-Color Paintings by prominent artists
have been reproduced in almost perfect fac-simile. Each one
of the reproductions is well worthy of framing, and when
framed could hardly be distinguished from a water-color.
Text by RIPLEY HITCHCOCK, author of “ Etching in Amer-
ica,” “Madonnas by Old Masters," etc, Size, 15 x 20 inches.
The text accompanying each fac-simile is beautifully printed
in connection with the portrait of the artist, and a reproduc-
tion of a black-and-white sketch by the artist in each case.
EDITION DE LUXE.-First impressions from the orig-
inal stones, with remarque in colors, and the signature of the
artist, in each case forming an artist-proof edition. In a panel
on the front cover is a part of one of the fac-similes in colors.
This edition is strictly limited to 250 copies, each of which is
signed and numbered. Price, $35.00.
REGULAR EDITION -Regular impressions, without
remarque or artist's signature, $12.50. In portfolio, $15.00.
1 “THUS THINK AND SMOKE TOBACCO.”
Illustrated by GEORGE WHARTON EDWARDS.
A unique edition of these quaint old verses. With nu-
merous original illustrations. 1 vol., large 8vo, in a box. In
a most striking cover of reversed cloth, stamped with letter-
ing in gold and surrounding a gold panel in which a curious
figure of a smoker is broadly shown in gold. With brown
leather thongs, $2.30.
XXIV. BITS OF VERS DE SOCIÉTÉ.
A Collection of Selections of Society Verse from Dobson,
LOCKER, LEARNED, PECK, SUCKLING, PRAED, and others of
the best poets of England and America. Ilustrated by 12
fac-similes of water-color designs by H. W. McVICKAR. With
portrait of Mr. McVickar and several vignette illustrations by
various artists. 1 vol., 4to. Cloth, $3.00; silk, in a box, $3.50.
FRIENDS FROM MY GARDEN.
A new volume in the “ Flowers from Hill and Dale Series,"
with text compiled by ANNA M. Pratt, and illustrated by
LAURA C. Hills, with 12 designs in colors representing per-
sonified or living flowers. 1 vol., Square 4to, richly bound.
1. Enameled binding, with cover of enameled cardboard,
stamped in colors and cold. gilt edges, in box. 82.50.-2. Cloth.
richly stamped in colors and gold, gilt edges, in box, $2.30.
-3. Silk, with lettering and design in gold, in box, $3.00.
Uniform in size with the other volumes of the same series.
BABY SWEETHEARTS.
New Verses of Child Life by Helen GRAY Cone. Illus-
trated by fac-similes of very large sketches in color and in
outline by Maud HUMPHREY, the artist of “ Babes of the
Nations.” A most attractive work. 12 full-page illustrations
by Maud Humphrey, in many colors, representing children in
picturesque groups or scenes. Each one of these pages is ac-
companied by a separate page, with original verses printed in
connection with novel outline sketches of children, flowers,
etc., by Miss Humphrey. Large folio (size of page, 11 x 14
inches). Boards, cloth back, $3.00.
In an exquisite portfolio, with heavy beveled-edge covers,
tied with large bows of blue silk ribbons. In a box, $1.00.
FLORA'S KINGDOM.
A remarkable novelty in the shape of a handsome portfolio,
containing 12 sketches of living or personified flowers, etc.,
PAINTED BY HAND IN WATER-COLORS, on white water-color
cardboard of fine quality. Bound in white and gold, and em-
bossed with raised title in gold. Tied with white silk cord
at top, bottom, and sides. Size, 7 x 9 1-2 inches.
Price each, in a neat box, $3.00.
CALENDARS FOR 1891.
An unusually attractive line, at prices varying from 25 cents
to $2.50. Among the most noteworthy are the "MCV
CALENDAR," with 12 fac-similes of drawings of society life ;
"SWEETHEARTS" and “BONNIE BABIES” Calendars, with
6 fac-similes of Maud Humphrey's delightful sketches of chil-
dren; “ FLORA'S CALENDAR,” after designs by Laura C.
Hills; and “ CUPID's CALENDAR," after designs by Mrs. J.
Pauline Sunter.
- FLORA'S CALENDAR” can also be had with Mrs. Hill's
designs hand-painted in water-colors on Whatman boards of
various delicate tints. A very unique present.
Among the cheaper calendars is the “ Four LITTLE WOMEN
CALENDAR" a fac-simile of a drawing, by Maud Humphrey,
representing four little girls standing in a row, and emblem-
atic of the different seasons. In colors, on heavy cardboard.
Cut out in shape and scored so that it will stand on any desk
conveniently. Price, 30 cents.
(This novelty can be had without dates, but with Christmas
mottoes, as a CHRISTMAS CARD, or with Birthday mottoes, as
a BIRTHDAY CARD. Price, 50 cents in either style.)
WATER-COLOR FAC-SIMILES.
A most remarkable line of these well-executed copies, done
in a manney that cannot be excelled. The following subjects,
by Maud HUMPHREY, can be had at prices varying from
$1.00 to $7.50, according to the style of mat, or whether they
are prints or signed proofs: "Dandelion Time," "Little Folk
Wide Awake,"? *Little Folk in Dreamland,” and “Four Little
Women."
A LOYAL LITTLE REDCOAT.
A story of child-life in New York a hundred years ago, by
Ruth OGDEN. With more than 60 vignette illustrations after
original designs by H. A. OGDEN, the well-known delineator
of American life in Colonial times. 1 vol., 4to, in a most beau-
tiful and unique binding; cloth, with frame enclosing white
panel, on which appear the figures of the “Little Redcoat”
and a soldier in full uniform, $2.00.
KAR
FROM BEGINNING TO END.
Comments on the life of Christ, written by ten of the most
prominent clergymen of America : Dr. John HALL, DAVID
SWING, R. HEBER NEWTON, BISHOP NEWMAN, GEORGE C.
IMER, WILLIAM W. BOYD, ARTHUR T. PIERSON, HIRAM
W. THOMAS, JOSEPH Cook, and T. DE WITT TALMAGE.
Illustrated by large photogravures, after paintings by the
great artists of the Christian era. With ornate cover. Size,
18 x 12 inches. In a box, $7.50.
“ BONNIE LITTLE PEOPLE”
And “ TINY TODDLERS." Each is made up in exactly
the same manner as “ Baby Sweethearts,” but with only half
the illustrations. Boards, $1.75 ; in portfolio, $2.50.
PICTURES OF CHILD LIFE.
By Maud HUMPHREY. Exquisite fac-similes of new water-
color sketches of children, in various occupations and enjoy-
ments of little people. Beautifully executed in fourteen col-
ors. On water-color board, 60 cents; on white satin, $2.00.
Send for New CATALOGUE containing full description of many ART and HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS. On receipt of 10 cents
this Catalogue and two COLORED PLATES or a CALENDAR will be sent to any address. Any of the above can be had of your
bookseller, or will be sent to any address (at publishers' expense), on receipt of advertised price.
FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY,
Publishers, Importers, Booksellers, Stationers, Dealers in Works of Art,
No. 182 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY.


270
[Dec.,
THE DIAL
Dainty Calendars for 1891.
THE ORIGINAL TEACHER'S BIBLE
was published by
EYRE & SPOTTISWOODE.
THE BEST TEACHER's BIBLE
is now published by
EYRE & SPOTTISWOODE.
Rival Houses, by imitating the leading
features of
THE MOST COMPLETE TEACHER's BIBLE,
as published by
EYRE & SPOTTISWOODE,
Have given thereby EMPHATIC TESTIMONY to its essential
superiority.
If you want a Teacher's Bible,
This celebrated London Edition, issued by
EYRE & SPOTTISWOODE.
Offers three grades to select from:
The Cosy CORNER CALENDAR. A series of exquisite indoor
Window Scenes, reproduced in color by lithography from
originals by Nelly 0. Lincoln. Size, 7 x 9; tied with ribbon.
75 cents.
The BIRTHDAY CALENDAR. A series of dainty pictures of
little children with appropriate verses for each month, re-
produced in color by lithography, from originals by Eleanor
W. Talbot Smith. Size, 5 x 61-2; tied with gold cord. 500.
THE CALENDAR OF THE MONTHS. Twelve Landscape and
Flower designs, reproduced in lithography from original
water-colors by Alice M. Baumgras. Size, 7 x 7; bound
with silvered rings and chain. 75 cents.
THE SEASON'S CALENDAR. Five Landscape and Flower de-
signs, reproduced in lithography from original water-colors
by Alice M. Baumgras. Size, 7 x 7; tied with ribbon. 30c.
A KALENDAR FROM JAP Town. Designed by J. Pauline
Sunter. A series of 18 exquisite pictures of Japanese life,
done in water-color and reproduced by lithography. Size,
4 1-2 x 5 3-4; bound with silvered rings and chain, and tied
with silk cord and tassel. In a box. $1.00.
CALENDAR OF THE BIRDS. Designed by J. Pauline Sunter.
A series of 16 bird idylls, done in water-color and beauti-
fully reproduced by lithography in sepia-tint and color,
Size, 4 1-2 x 53-4; bound with silvered rings and chain, and
tied with silk cord and tassel. In a box. 75 cents.
THE TENNYSON CALENDAR. With block containing quota-
tions for each day in the year. In a box. 75 cents.
THE GEORGE Eliot CALENDAR. With block containing quo-
tations for each day in the year. Block securely fastened
to back. In a box. 75 cents.
Sold by all Booksellers, or will be sent by mail, prepaid, on
receipt of the price, by
NIMS & KNIGHT, Publishers, TROY, N. Y.
I.
SONGS OF AMERICA.
“INDIA" PAPER EDITIONS of extreme thinness, and of a
tint most restful to the eye. Bound in Best Levant (selected
skins) Divinity Circuit, lined with Kid in a superior manner,
sewn with silk, round corners, red under gold edge. In four
sizes, at $5.00, $7.00, $9.00, and $12.00. Superior to any in
the market, both as to quality and workmanship.
II.
THIN WHITE PAPER EDITIONs, printed on best Rag Paper
of sufficient thinness to equal the portability of "India" Edi-
tions, while lacking the latter's costliness. Bound in Genuine
Levant, Divinity Circuit, lined with calf, sewn with silk, have
round corners and gilt edge. In four sizes, at $4.15, $4.80,
$5.85, and $9.50. Unequalled at their price.
III.
Thin WHITE PAPER EDITIONS, as above, bound in Alsa-
tian Levant, Divinity Circuit, lined with leather, sewn with
silk, round corners, red under gold edge. In four sizes, at
$2.75, $3.50, $3.00, and $7.50. Handsome, flexible books, bet-
ter in oualitu than any low-priced Teacher's Bibles issued, and
when not subjected to abuse, will withstand long reasonable use.
The whole of the “AIDS” in this Bible makes 300 pages
of closely printed matter, prepared by leading specialists in
each department of Biblical study, and gives the latest results
of the best scholarship,
THE BEST CHRISTMAS PRESENT IS A Book.
THE BEST BOOK is a BIBLE.
THE BEST BIBLE IS THE TEACHER's BIBLE,
issued by
EYRE & SPOTTISWOODE.
Ask your Bookseller to show you this Bible. Look at the
bottom of the title-page and you will find the name of
Six Beautiful Holiday Volumes. Illustrations from nature,
by Charles Copeland ; ornaments, by Frank Myrick; drawn,
engraved, and printed under the supervision of A. V. S. An-
thony; printed at the University Press, Cambridge.
We have just added to the series a companion volume, TENT-
ING ON THE OLD CAMP GROUND, illustrated by the same ar-
tists, and gotten up in all its details equal to the other volumes
of the series.
TENTING ON THE OLD CAMP GROUND.
TRAMP! TRAMP! TRAMP! THE BOYS ARE MARCHING.
MARCHING THROUGH GEORGIA.
NELLY WAS A LADY.
MASSA 'S IN THE COLD, COLD GROUND.
MY OLD KENTUCKY HOME.
THE SWANEE RIVER.
· Each in 1 vol., full gilt, bronzed arabesque, cloth, ivory fin-
ish, or imitation wood, $1.30; full figured sateen, $2.00; full
flexible seal, $2.50.
These noble and beautiful songs have been for many years
popular with the American people, from Maine to California,
and there is hardly a man or woman in the Republic that does
not know and love them. They are now published in sumptu-
ous Holiday editions, with remarkable richness and beauty of
illustrations and bindings, and will find thousands of buyers
erywhere. The Southern scenes illustrated in these poems
with so much eloquence and pathos have been reproduced in
admirable pictures, drawn on the spot by the well-known ar-
tist, Charles Copeland, who has recently spent a long season
in Georgia and other Southern States, following the track of
Sherman's army “from Atlanta to the Sea,'' and making also
many very telling sketches of scenes on the old plantations.
With the painstaking accuracy of Meissonier or Detaille, he
has also collected a great number of uniforms, weapons, stand-
ards, etc., of the time of the Great Civil War, to make cor-
rectly his scenes in the march of the grand army.
Sold by all booksellers. Mailed on receipt of the price.
NIMS & KNIGHT, TROY, N. Y.
EYRE & SPOTTISWOODE
there, or it will not be the book you want.
1,500,000 COPIES OF this Bible HAVE BEEN Sold.
What better testimony to its superiority can be given ?
This Bible is issued by
EYRE & SPOTTISWOODE,
The Oldest Bible publishing firm in the World.
If your bookseller does not keep this Bible in stock, some
other one in your city does-try him! Or send for price list to
E. & J. B. YOUNG & CO.,
COOPER L'xion, Fourth AVENUE, NEW YORK.


1890.)
271
THE DIAL
The Standard Diaries
“ Let DIARIES be Brought into Use," “Christmas comes, Christmas comes,
SAID THE WISE LORD BACON 300 YEARS AGO.
Usbered in a rain of plums.”
The regular, systematic use of a Diary economizes time,
teaches method, and in the use of its Cash Account saves Ah, those plums — sugar plums, of course.
money. Even the briefest notes made in a Diary are easily
referred to, and give a reliable and chronological history of What would Christmas be without them! The
one's acts, while if entered in a memorandum book they are
soon lost.
dainty bits seem to put the finishing touches to
CHILDREN SHOULD BE ENCOURAGED TO USE DIARIES. our cheer. How tempting in their beautiful
NOTHING BETTER FOR A CHRISTMAS OR A NEW YEAR'S
PRESENT.
coats-hiding from us the sweet kernel of de-
A DAILY REMINDER OF THE GIVER FOR A YEAR. light! Always welcome; few can resist their
fascination.
An added pleasure is when we pass 'round
the circle our own handiwork. Candy making
Have been published for nearly Forty Years,
and are in Use Everywhere.
can be done at home—well done. Have a good
FOR 1891
guide and follow it.
They are made in 17 Sizes and 350 Styles, at all prices, from
MRS. RORER'S
10 cents up to $5.00 each.
HOME CANDY MAKING
FOR SALE BY ALL STATIONERS.
teaches how to make every sugar dainty worth
Reliable and valuable tables of information make the “Stand-
eating. It will pay you to get one.
ard” Diaries indispensable as Pocket Reference
no less than as Pocket Record Books.
In paper covers, 40 cts.; cloth, 75 cts.
PUBLISHED BY
Your bookseller has it, or we will send it to
The Cambridgeport Diary Company, any address, and pay postage.
CAMBRIDGEPORT, MASS.
ARNOLD AND COMPANY,
Publishers also of Special DIARIES FOR DENTISTS, and
of MONTHLY CALL LISTS AND LEDGERS FOR PHYSICIANS.
420 Library Street, Philadelphia.
Sample Sheets sent on application.
Sold by A. C. McClurg 8. Co.
A NEW EDITION DE LUXE
HOLIDAY STATIONERY.
OF
Charles Dickens's Complete Works
Wedding Invitations.
LIMITED TO 1000 NUMBERED COPIES.. | Reception Cards.
Unouestionably the handsomest edition of DICKENS's At-Home Cards.
WRITINGS—the nearest approach to the highest ideals of
perfection in book-making-ever attempted in this country.
STYLES in stationery of this kind vary
The type is from a new font especially cast for it, and
but little from season to season, the ele-
never used for any other purpose.
gance of appearance depending entirely
The paper_also especially made for it --combines the
on the excellence of execution and the
qualities of excellence in finish and in the materials used,
quality of the materials used. Effect
with a lightness of weight that prevents the volume from
being uncomfortably heavy to hold and read.
considered, our prices are the lowest.
All the original etchings by Cruikshank and others have
Menus.
been carefully re-etched, line for line, from brilliant original
proof impressions, and proofs taken for this edition on Im- Dinner Cards.
perial Japanese paper. The wood engravings are printed
on Japanese paper from electrotypes never before used, Luncheon Cards.
furnished by Dickens's original publishers.
The set will be completed in FORTY-FIVE vglumes, at
The stationery of this kind that we pro-
the rate of about two volumes per month.
duce always bears distinctive marks of
Bound in vellum cloth, gilt tops, uncut, $2.50 per Vol.
originality. For the Winter Season we
F Issued by subscription only, and no orders taken
are prepared to furnish very handsome
except for complete sets. Prospectus with specimen show-
novelties in favors of rich and artistic
ing type, page, paper, etc., with specimen illustration,
effects.
mailed free upon application to the publishers, as the work
is not offered through the regular book trade.
A. C.
Wabash Avenue
ESTES & LAURIAT, PUBLISHERS,
MCCLURG
and
BOSTON, MASS.
& Co. Madison St., CHICAGO.


272
[Dec.,
THE DIAL
LADIES' STATIONERY.
WORCESTER'S
DICTIONARY.
A few years ago, our fashionable peo-
The Highest Authority known as to the Use | ple would use no Stationery but Imported
of the English Language.
goods. The American styles and makes
The New Edition includes A DICTIONARY that con-
did not come up to what they required.
tains thousands of words not to be found Messrs. Z. & W.M. CRANE set to work
in any other Dictionary;
A Pronouncing Biographical Dictionary
to prove that as good or better goods could
Of over 12,000 Personages;
be made in this country as abroad. How
A Pronouncing Gazetteer of the World, well they have succeeded is sbown by tbe
Noting and locating over 20,000 Places ; fact that foreign goods are now scarcely
A Dictionary of Synonymes, quoted in the market, wbile CRANE'S
Containing over 5,000 Words in general use, also OVER
goods are staple stock with every dealer of
12,500 NEW WORDS recently added.
any pretensions. This firm bas done
All in One Volume.
Illustrated with Wood-Cuts and Full-Page Plates.
much during the past two or three years
The Standard of the leading Publishers, Magazines to produce a taste for dead-finish Papers,
and Newspapers. The Dictionary of the Scholar for
Spelling, Pronunciation, and Accuracy in Definition.
and to-day their brands of Grecian An-
Specimen pages and testimonials mailed on application. tique,' 'Parchment Velum,' 'Old-style,'
For sale by all Booksellers.
and ‘Distaff,' are as popular as their fin-
J. B. LIPPINCOTT CO., PUBLISHERS,
est ‘Satin Finish' goods. The name for
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
each of tbeir brands is copyrighted; and
INSURE IN
| their Envelopes, which match each strle
and size of Paper, are high-cut pattern,
so that the gum cannot come in contact
OF HARTFORD, CONN. with a letter enclosed, during sealing.
Principal Accident Company of America. Largest
A full line of these Standard Goods is kept
in the World.
constantly in stock by A. C. McClurg & Co.,
HAS PAID ITS POLICY-HOLDERS OVER
Wabash Ave. and Madison St., Chicago.
$ 16,500,000.00.
TO AUTHORS.- The New York BUREAU OF REVISION
I gives critical opinions on manuscripts of all kinds, edits
ITS ACCIDENT POLICIES
them for publication, and offers them to publishers. Send
Indemnify the Business or Professional Man or Farmer for his stamp to Dr. Coan for prospectus at 20 West 14th St., New
Profits, the Wage-Worker for his Wages, lost from Accidental York City.
Injury, and guarantee Principal Sum in case of death. No
Extra Charge for European Travel and Residence.
Full PRINCIPAL SUM paid for loss of Hands, Feet, Hand Through Vestibuled and Colonist Sleepers
and Foot, or Sight, by Accident. ONE-THIRD same for loss of
single Hand or Foot.
Between Chicago and Tacoma, Wash.,
RATES AS LOW AS WILL PERMANENTLY SECURE FULL
PAYMENT of Policies. Only $5.00 a year to Professional or
and Portland, Ore.
Business Men for each $1,000 with $5.00 Weekly Indemni.y.
This Company issues also the best LIFE AND ENDOWMENT THE WISCONSIN CENTRAL and NORTHERN PACIFIC
POLICIES in the market. INDEFEASIBLE, NON-FORFEITABLE,
1 lines run through Pullman Vestibuled and Colonist
WORLD-WIDE.
Sleepers between Chicago and Tacoma, Wash., and Port-
FULL PAYMENT IS SECURED BY
land, Ore. The train known as the “ Pacific Express”
$ 10,992,000 Assets, $2,248,000 Surplus
leaves the Grand Central Passenger Station, at the cor-
Not left to the chances of an Empty Treasury
ner of Fifth Avenue and Harrison street, at 10.45 P. M.
and Assessments on the Survivors.
daily. For tickets, berths in Pullman or Colonist Sleep-
AGENCIES AT ALL IMPORTANT POINTS ers, etc., apply to GEO. K. THOMPSON, City Passenger
IN THE U. S. AND CANADA.
and Ticket Agent, 205 Clark Street ; or to F. J. EDDY,
J. G. BATTERSON, RODNEY DENNIS, J. E. MORRIS, | Depot Ticket Agent, Grand Central Passenger Station,
President.
Secretary. Asst. Sec'y. I corner Fifth Avenue and Harrison street, Chicago, Ill.
THE TRAVELERS,


1890.]
273
THE DIAL
ESTERBROOK'S
Spencerian Steel Pens.
STEEL PENS. THE BEST in the essential qualities
of DURABILITY, EVENNESS OF POINT,
LEADING STYLES.
Fine Point, - - - Nos. 333 444 232 and WORKMANSHIP. Samples of the
Business, - - - - Nos. 048 14 130 leading numbers will be sent FREE on
Broad Point, - - - Nos. 313 239 284
receipt of return postage, two cents.
FOR SALE BY ALL STATIONERS.
THE ESTERBROOK STEEL PEN CO., THE SPENCERIAN PEN CO.,
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throughout the world.
A. C. MCCLURG & CO., CHICAGO. JOSEPH GILLOTT & SONS, NEW YORK.


274
[Dec., 1890.
THE DIAL
The Best and Most Useful Holiday Gift.
WEBSTER'S
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[Jan.,
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THE ATLANTIC FOR JANUARY
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Four Cliapters of
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The House of Martha,
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Noto: An Unexplored Corner of Japan,
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Compulsory Arbitration,
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A Swiss Farming Village,
Individualism in Education,
By Sophia Kirk.
By Prof. N. S. SHALER.
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JAN 31831
THE DIAL
-
-
-
-
-
-
CONTENTS.
Vol. XI. JANUARY, 1891. No. 129. lumber, masts, and naval stores, and bringing
back the products of all countries. Boston at
- - --- ------
that time was the “ mart town ” of the West
Indies, and the New Englanders outstripped
all other nations in this trade.
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL HISTORY OF NEW
The feeble Pilgrim colony which settled at
ENGLAND. W. F. Poole ........ 279
Plymouth in 1620 had no part in this vigorous
LOWELL FOR POSTERITY. Melville B. Anderson 285 material development. It was done by the
THE FOUNDING OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE.
22,000 Puritans who, under Winthrop, landed
Charles H. Cooper .......... 288 in Massachusetts Bay from 1630 to 1640, and
by their descendants. Some writers err in us-
ANDERSON'S EDITION OF BACON'S ESSAYS.
ing the terms Pilgrims and Puritans as mean-
Albert S. Cook . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
ing the same people. Both were Englishmen,
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS . ......... 292 but their history, habits of thought and proclivi-
Smalley's London Letters.-The Century Dictionary, ties were unlike. The Pilgrims, tamed by per-
Volume IV.-Dodge's Alexander: A History of the
secution and banishment to Holland, were liv-
Origin and Growth of the Art of War.-Mrs. Reed's
ing mainly for the next world. The Puritans,
Hindu Literature; or, The Ancient Books of India.
on the other hand, while not regardless of the
-- King's Campaigning with Crook.- Mabie's My
Study Fire.--Gray's Making the Best of Things.-
next world, were for taking in a good share of
Hoyt's Handbook of Historic Schools of Painting. -
this world as they went along. In 1640 the
Stewart's The Tale of Troy.
emigration to New England ceased, on account
of the conflict rising between Parliament and
BOOKS OF THE MONTH . ......... 295
the King, and more persons went back to join
the parliamentary army than came over. For
the next hundred years the immigration to New
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL HISTORY OF NEW
England was very small, and not equal to the
ENGLAND.*
number of persons who left it to join newer
The civil, political, and religious history of settlements. The rapid increase of population,
the New England colonies has been more therefore, during the period was wholly from
thoroughly investigated and carefully written the natural increase, and obedience to the
than any other portion of American annals; Scriptural injunction, “ Be fruitful and multi-
but no writer before Mr. Weeden has un-ply.” The number of children in families then
dertaken to treat their history solely on its seem in our day to be enormous. From that
economic and social side. The methodical prolific stock has sprung a race of men and
manner in which those colonists conducted their women who, by character, energy, and ideas,
business, and the habit of preserving their have largely controlled the tier of Northern
papers, furnish the most abundant materials States from the Atlantic to the Pacific. For
for ascertaining their mode of life, and the the first century and a half, the people of New
means by which they early attained all nec England showed none of the roving tendencies
essary home comforts and a success in com they have since developed. They were isolated,
merce and domestic industries which has no having little personal intercourse, except in
parallel in the colonization of any other people. the way of business, with the other colonies or
The Earl of Bellomont, royal Governor of with England. They were multiplying, working
Massachusetts Bay, reported in 1700 that Bos out their own problems, and resisting the en-
ton had 194 vessels in the foreign and coasting croachments of England on their chartered
trade, and that a thousand vessels cleared an rights. In these controversies they were the
nually from the port for the Southern colonies, most acute diplomatists in the world. In
West Indies and Europe, laden with dried fish, manners and speech they retained habits and
words which had became obsolete in England.
* ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL HISTORY OF NEW ENGLAND.
The statement was made about forty years ago
1620-1789. By William B.Weeden. In two volumes. Boston:
Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
by Dr. Palfrey, that one-third of the persons


280
[Jan.,
THE DIAL
then in the United States had a strain of the simple statement : Nearly 500 persons had been left in
New England blood which came over before the colony in September (1609), and six months after-
1640. During the present century the old hive
wards there remained not past sixty men, women, and
children, most miserable and poor creatures. Of the
has swarmed, and New England men are found
whole number more than 400 had perished-dead from
in every community in our land.
starvation, or slain by the Indian hatchet. At last they
The early material prosperity of New Eng-
became cannibals. A man killed his wife and ate part
land was helped by the political complications
of her body. An Indian was killed and buried, but the
poorer sort took him up and ate him, and so they did
in the mother country. From 1630 to 1640,
one another, boiled and stewed with roots and herbs.'”
Charles I. and his ministers were too busy with
the troubles at home to give much attention to
The New England colonists solved the food
the American colonies. Hence the colonists
problem in a practical way by purchasing In-
managed affairs in their own way, and assumed
dian corn of the Narragansett Indians and
powers and rights which were not defined in
learning from them the mode of cultivation.
their charters. The revolution of 1640, the
Ground recently cleared of wood bore a good
rule of the Long Parliament and the protector-
crop without ploughing. As the Indians of
ship of Cromwell, were all in their favor, and
Eastern Massachusetts had been swept off by
gave the colonies twenty more years of undis-
pestilence, their arable fields were planted.
turbed quiet in which to develop their business
Excellent fish were abundant, and the shores
and commercial interests. On the restoration
furnished clams which are a luxury with epi-
of Charles II., in 1660, these interests had be-
cures at this day. They had a bountiful crop
come so large it was not easy for King and par-
of garden vegetables the first year. As com-
liament to curb them.
merce was needed to provide commissary stores
The difficulties of making a settlement in an
for the rapidly increasing number of settlers,
the ship carpenters were put to work, and on
inhabited country are great, and are attended
July 4, 1631, Governor Winthrop launched
with more or less of discomfort and privation.
the first vessel, “ The Blessing of the Bay,” of
Nothing in the way of contrast can be greater
sixty tons burden. During the next three
than the experience of the first settlers of Vir-
ginia and those of New England. Both classes
years 10,000 bushels of corn were brought
from Virginia. From the first, the colonists
were Englishmen, but they were not the same
kind of Englishmen. The wretchedness and
were well fed and happy.
misery of the earlier years of the settlement at
The land was distributed and not sold. The
Jamestown would be incredible if the state-
Court made a grant of land for a town, and
ment were not based on reliable testimony and
delegated the distribution of it to seven per-
acknowledged by modern Virginia writers. A
sons, who laid out the tract and assigned lots
history of Virginia by Mr. John Esten Cooke,
to individuals, not on a principle of democratic
himself a Virginian, appeared in the “ Ameri-
equality, but on the official and social standing
can Commonwealths Series” seven years ago;
of the individuals, their character, wealth, size
and nothing can be more distressing, or more
of their families, number of servants, etc.
likely to debase one's estimate of human nature,
Democracy and social equality were then terms
than the narrative, as told by this Virginian,
which had no meaning. No one could have a
of what occurred during the first three years
voice in town affairs unless he had been elected
of the Virginia colony. The following is an
a freeman by the Court, and after May 31,
extract from the notice of the book made by me
1631, unless he was a church-member. Aug-
at the time :
ust 3, 1664, this law was repealed by com-
“We can understand how men not fitted for such an
mand of the King, although worse restrictions
enterprise should engage in it ; how they could miss of
were in force in England. Each town enacted
success by their quarrels and by weak and inefficient - Town Orders” such as the following: “No
leaders ; but it is inconceivable how Englishmen, Cava person shall entertain inmate for a longer time
lier Englishmen, gentlemen—as they were proud to call
than three days, without consent of four of the
themselves—should in a land of the highest fertility
and most genial climate, neglect year after year to put
selectmen, and shall pay for every day they
in crops ; should beg, borrow, and steal their corn from offend, sixpence.” As to attendance at town-
the Indians, or wait in idleness for it to come from Eng meeting, it was ordered: “If any inhabitant shall
land ; and then actually starve by hundreds in a locality fail of making his appearance at 8 of the
which is to-day the paradise of fishermen and sportsmen,
and supplies the Chicago market with oysters, soft-shell
clock in the morning, he shall pay to the use
crabs, and canvas-back ducks. The horrors of this of the town two shillings; and if he shall ab-
terrible period,' says Mr. Cooke, are summed up in a l sent himself above one quarter of an hour


1891.]
281
THE DIAL
without leave of the assembly, the like sum.” perity of the New England colonies was the
Harsh as these laws seem, they were mild com cod-fishery. The Court in 1639 recognized it
pared with those of Virginia and England at as an interest of the highest importance, and
the same time.
exempted vessels and outfit from all taxes, and
It is interesting to see how a people who ar fishermen were relieved from military train.
ranged their social affairs on this basis could ing. Dried fish found a ready market and
conduct business matters, and first, shipbuild good prices in the West Indies and the Cath-
ing. Hugh Peters, in 1640, at Salem, built a olic countries of Europe. Codfish has an im-
ship of 300 tons, called “The Trial," and inportant relation to the early settlements in
1642 one of 160 tons was built at Boston. New England. Gosnold came on the coast
There was little or no money in the colony, and in 1602, took great quantities of cod, and
the shipwrights were paid in “ truck.” The named the headland Cape Cod. Many a Eu.
business rapidly extended to towns where tim ropean vessel which came for ore, returned
ber and living were cheap. Randolph reported with codfish and made a profitable voyage.
in 1676 that the Massachusetts colony had 30 The book is yet to be written on the theme,
vessels of from 100 to 250 tons, 200 of from - The Relation of Codfish to American Col-
50 to 100 tons, 200 of from 30 to 50 tons, onization.” Fifty years before the settlement
and 300 smaller vessels. Of the smaller class, at Massachusetts Bay, 150 sails of French ves-
the “ ketch," with two masts carrying lanteen sels, 100 Spanish, 50 English, and 30 Biscay.
sails, did a coasting trade, and even ventured men, were annually on the Banks of New-
on foreign voyages. Vessels could be built foundland fishing for cod; and it is strange
and sold at a profit of £4 per ton, and they that permanent settlement of the American
found a ready market in the West Indies and coast was so long delayed. Codfish, which is
in Holland. They were cheaper, and in strength now spoken of with disrespect, was once an
equal and in sailing qualities superior to Eu emblem which graced the paper currency of
ropean vessels. In 1724 the ship-builders on the Massachusetts colony, and was surrounded
the Thames complained to the King that their with the legend, “Staple of the Massachu-
trade was injured on account of New England setts.” In the old Town-house in Boston,
competition, and that their workmen were em- erected in 1657, was suspended from the ceil.
igrating. About this time the schooner was ing the effigy of a codfish. The building and
invented at Gloucester, Mass., which holds its | the codfish were destroyed by fire in 1747.
precedence among sailing craft to this day, The building was reconstructed and the rep-
as it will sail faster and can be managed with lica of the codfish replaced in the old State
a smaller crew than a square-rigged vessel. House at the head of State street. It is the
Douglas states that the business of ship-build- oldest codfish in the sea or on land, in salt or
ing in New England maintained thirty differ- in pickle; and now is suspended over the
ent classes of tradesmen and artificers. The heads of the legislators in the Hall of Repre-
Pepperill family, at Kittery, Maine, built and sentatives in the State House on Beacon Hill.
employed more than a hundred vessels in the | Dr. Franklin recommended the wild turkey
cod-fishery on the Banks, and their ships, la for the position now occupied by the eagle on
den with dried fish, lumber, and naval stores, the shield and coinage of our republic. It is
sailed all over the world, and brought back unfortunate that the claims of the codfish did
cargoes from the West Indies, Portugal, and not occur to him.
the Mediterranean.
Whaling was another industry in which the
Rhode Island and Connecticut each entered colonies engaged very early and surpassed all
largely into the shipping business. In 1741 competitors. Whales were then very numer-
Newport owned 120 vessels ; and in 1763, 184 ous, and they were frequently stranded on the
cleared for foreign parts. Providence in 1764 coast. Towns made contracts with local syn-
had 54 vessels, of which 40 were in the West dicates to have all drift and stranded whales
India trade and 14 were coasters. Connecti- at £16 each. The capture of live whales be-
cut in 1761 had 45 vessels in foreign trade. gan in 1645 by watching for them from the
A remonstrance to the Lords of the Board of shore and sending out boats to harpoon them.
Trade stated that 150 vessels from Rhode Is The south shore of Nantucket was divided into
land went to the West Indies annually and four sections, each of which was patrolled by
brought away 14.000 hogsheads of molasses. watchmen. When whales became scarce near
One of the largest factors in the early pros- | the coast, vessels were fitted out to capture them


282
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in the open sea, and then the sperm whale was £30 and deduct it from the next town rate.”
found which seldom came near the shore. The Salt petre for gunpowder was collected from
size of the vessels was about thirty tons, and poultry-coops in all the towns, and Boston
they would be absent for six weeks. As the built a house for making gunpowder in the
whales became still scarcer, larger vessels prison yard. The manufacture of potash be-
were used which ranged the ocean from Davis came an important interest. One man could
Straits to Cape Horn. The British govern cut and burn the wood from four acres, and
ment encouraged this fishery, and gave a produce eight tons of potash worth £50 per
bounty of £4 per ton on oil. The business ton. Of tar and pitch, from 7,000 to 9,000
prospered, and the whalers became rich. Ed. barrels were exported annually. Wire was
mund Burke said of it:
needed, and the Court ordered that “ £15 be
“ Neither the perseverance of Holland, nor the ac-
expended for a set of wire-drawing tools, and
tivity of France, nor the dexterous and firm sagacity of that the treasurer pay 40s. to any who might
English enterprise, ever carried this most perilous make cards and pins of the wire." Beer was
mode of hardy industry to the extent to which it has
the old English beverage, and the Court or-
been pushed by this recent people.”
dered that no one shall make beer except a
The annual products of this industry were es- good brewer." " Beer sold at 3d. a quart
timated to be 45,000 barrels of sperm oil, shall carry six bushels of malt to the hogs-
8,500 of right-whale oil, and 75,000 pounds of head ; 2d. a quart, four bushels ; 1d. a quart,
whalebone, which sold for 4s. per pound in 2 bushels; and less in proportion.”
Europe.
Iron was an article of prime necessity, and
The policy of England has always been to the first attempt at iron smelting began at
discourage manufactures in its colonies. The Lynn and Saugus in 1642, from hematite, or
early policy of New England was to supply bog-ore, found in the meadows and ponds; and
itself with staple articles of its own manu it was a success. Another plant was soon estab-
facture, and the Court took these matters into lished at Braintree, and later one at Taunton.
its own charge. In 1640 it ordered that towns The Court fostered the business by taking
provide flax-seed, and ascertain what persons stock, freeing the plant from taxes for seven
are skilful in breaking, spinning, and weaving years, and the workmen from military duties.
flax, and that boys and girls be taught to spin They used sea-shells as a flux, and made a good
linen and cotton; it also provided a bounty for quality of bar iron. Some of it was exported
linen, woollen, or cotton cloth, if the first two to England when charcoal iron was scarce.
were made from wool or linen grown in the These works supplied the New England colonies
colony. Cotton was brought from the West with iron until the large requirements for ship-
Indies and Barbadoes. The Court recom building made it necessary to import an in-
mended the gathering and spinning of wild ferior and cheaper grade of iron. The Crown
hemp, which the Indians used for ropes and | Commissioners reported in 1665 that “ a good
mats. Homespun industries were well estab store of iron” is made in Massachusetts. Iron
lished in 1643, and furnished the common manufacture has continued to be the leading
wear of the people. Fulling mills were set up, interest in Braintree and Taunton to the pre-
and the hand-weaving of yarn sent in by fam sent day. Lynn has been a centre of the manu-
ilies became a business. The town of Rowley facture of shoes for more than two centuries.
had twenty families from Yorkshire skilled in The labor question pestered the early colon-
cloth manufacture. The Court encouraged ists even more than it has the employers of our
sheep-raising, and ordered the towns to inquire time. The laborers would strike and demand
how many persons would buy sheep three years higher wages. The Court, which regulated
old at forty shillings each. The number of sheep everything else, thought it could adjust the
increased from 1,000 in 1642 to 3,000 in 1652. labor question. In 1633 it ordered that the
The Court fostered every industrial interest. daily wages of superior mechanics, “master
A rope-walk was started in Salem in 1636 ; | carpenters, sawyers, masons, clapboard-ryvers,
a tannery in Ipswich in 1634, and later in wheelwrights,” etc., “ should not be above two
many towns. These furnished enough leather shillings per day, or 14 pence and board.”
to supply the people. Dry hides were brought Master tailors were not to receive more than
from Virginia and elsewhere. Glass manu 12d. and inferiors 8d. per day with diet. A pen-
facture began in Salem in 1641, and the Court alty of five shillings was laid if more was given
authorized - the town to lend the glass-man | or received. The next year the penalty was re-


1891.]
283
THE DIAL
mitted so far as the employers were concerned, penses of the Louisbourg expedition in specie,
and several laborers were fined for receiving and Hutchinson, being then the speaker of the
more than 2s. 6d. per day. The scheme did not house of representatives, brought forward the
work, and was repealed in 1635. Free trade scheme to use the specie in redeeming all out-
in labor was equally unsatisfactory; and in standing bills of credit at the current depressed
1636 towns were authorized to fix the price of rate as compared with specie. It was a bold
labor within their borders. In 1640 there scheme and met with much opposition from the
was a general collapse in business and prices, “ fiat greenbackers” of that time; but his
as has been stated.
arguments and great personal influence carried
There were trusts attempted in those days. the measure, and the redemption was made at
“ The shoemakers of Boston complain of much the rate of one of specie to eleven of bills.
bad work produced by their craft, and ask that when it was done, business with the outside
they may be joined in one large company that world returned to its normal channels, specie
all boots might be alike made well.” The Court was abundant, foreign trade became prosperous,
did not see the matter in that light, and declined and Massachusetts was not again cursed with
to grant the boon.
a fiat currency until the Revolutionary War.
For a century and a half the business of the Immense fortunes were accumulated by the
colonies was hampered from the want of some merchants of Boston during the next twenty-
standard medium of exchange. The first five years.
money was wampum; then beaver skins were The question of bimetalism was discussed as
used for money; then barter and “country pro earnestly at that period as in our times; but
duce,” colonial paper notes, and “fiat money.”. silver was then the standard, and gold the com-
Specie was so scarce as to be a commodity and modity. The silver standard was 6s. 8d. the
not a circulating medium. In 1652 Massachu ounce, and gold, though not a legal tender,
setts coined silver money, the shilling, six-penny, passed current at 28s. the guinea. A bill was
and three-penny pieces,—an attribute of sov introduced into the house of representatives
ereignty, which would not have been permitted making gold a legal tender at the above rate.
if the Puritan Protector had cared to interfere. Hutchinson opposed the measure on the ground
The first coin named was the famous “pine-tree that the relative value of the metals fluctuated ;
shilling.” These coins were issued for thirty and that putting gold on an equality with silver
years, but all bore the date 1652. They were would be the first step of our return to Egypt.
below the standard of English silver, and were One only ought to be the standard, and the
merely tokens which, it was supposed, would other considered as merchandise.” James Otis
remain in New England ; but they disappeared. took the other side, and the question was dis-
The accounts of Harvard College during the cussed with much earnestness and ability. At
period show that corn, cabbages, and turnips a later session, when silver had dropped to 5s.
were a common medium of exchange. The 3d. the ounce, a bill passed making gold as well
Governor paid the college bills of his son in | as silver a legal tender.
“ country produce.” Taxes were paid in the For nearly a hundred years the dark shadow
same manner, and sometimes fat cattle walked of slavery rested upon the New England colo-
into the treasury. It was one thing to coin nies. There was abroad in the world no phil-
money and another to keep it in the country. anthropic sentiment on the subject. The first
It went to Europe and was melted up for what two negroes brought to Boston, in 1645, were
the silver was worth.
sent back to Guinea by order of the Court. In
In 1690, Massachusetts began to issue bills 1677, some negro slaves were brought in from
of credit equal to money and payable to bearer. Barbadoes and exchanged for Indian captives
A period of inflation followed, and silver ad- taken in King Philip's war. In 1696, Madam
vanced to 17 shillings per ounce. In 1744, Knight in her journal said: “ The Connecticut
the colony issued bills to the amount of two farmers show too much kindness to their slaves."
million pounds to pay the expenses of the Lou Judge Samuel Sewall, in 1700, printed a tract
is bourg expedition. “ Business, however,” says discussing the question "whether all the bene-
Gov. Hutchinson, “ was brisk, and men in trade fit received from negro slaves will balance the
increased their figures, but were sinking the amount of cash laid out upon them.” He con-
real value of their stock; and the morals of the cludes thus : “ These Ethiopians, as black as
people depreciated with the currency." Great they are, seeing that they are the sons and
Britain repaid Massachusetts, in 1749, the ex- | daughters of the first Adam, the brethren and


284
[Jan.,
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sisters of the last Adam, and the offspring of lars with the fine wines of Portugal and the
God, they ought to be treated with a respect Madeira Islands. There was no prohibition
agreeable.” This is the first anti-slavery tract or total abstinence in those days.
known, and although very mild it did not come The houses of the people at first were poor
too soon. There was a strange obtuseness in the and cramped; but as the country grew richer,
minds of good men concerning the wrongs of the dwellings were larger, more comfortable,
the system and the enormous cruelties of the and some of them elegant. Many of the better
slave trade in which New England had a large class of houses with white oak frames built a
share. The Winthrops and the leading clergy century and a half or two centuries ago, now
men had their black and Indian “ servants.” exist, are still occupied, and are good for a
Slavery was conducted in New England as hu century to come. Some, like the Lee and
manely as possible ; but it was slavery notwith Hooper houses in Marblehead, are admired
standing. The most disgraceful feature was for their exquisite architecture and interiors,
the trade in negroes carried on by New England and are copied in modern structures. The
vessels between the coast of Africa, West Indies, wide fire-place ; the huge backlog ; the crane ;
and the Southern colonies. Newport, R. 1., was the spit, jack, and pothooks ; the singing tea-
the chief port of the slave trade, but Connecti kettle and pots large and small swung on the
cut and Massachusetts had a share in it. large crane ; the massive andirons and the bel-
In 1698 the slave trade was laid open to lows, all these are remembered by persons
private competition by Parliament; and in now living; but they are gone, except that the
1708 the Board of Trade addressed a circular fire-place, backlog, and andirons are lately re-
letter to all the colonies inquiring for statis vived in fashionable residences. The tallow
tics and encouraging them to pursue it, " it candle, pewter candlestick, and snuffers ; the
being absolutely necessary that a trade so wooden blocks in chimney corners where the
beneficial to the King should be carried on to children sat and popped corn ; the high-backed
the greatest advantage.” The African trade “ settle ” which shielded the shoulders of the
was carried on in vessels of 40 or 50 tons bur elders from the cold and vagrant air-currents ;
den. The space between the decks where the the brick oven by the side of the fire-place;
negroes were stored was three feet, ten inches. the brass warming-pan with cover like a
The law restricted vessels from carrying more strainer standing in the corner waiting for hot
than two and a half negroes to each ton. coals when the children are ready to go to bed
Small vessels were found more profitable than in the attic ; the basket of apples on the table,
large ones. The outward cargo was chiefly and the cider pitcher which went often to the
rum, provisions, vinegar, onions, and hand- cellar ; the dresser with its gorgeous display of
cuffs. The negroes were exchanged in the bright pewter dishes ; the beams and ceiling
West Indies for molasses, which was taken to hung with ears of seed corn, crooknecks, and
Newport and distilled into rum which had links of sausages, are typical of the content,
driven the French brandies from the African comfort, and happiness of the early New Eng-
coast. Governor Hopkins stated that Rhode land people.
Island, for thirty years prior to 1764, had an | John Hull of Boston was the ideal merchant
nually sent to the coast of Africa eighteen ves of the first century. He was treasurer of the
sels with 1,800 hogsheads of rum, and the colony, and its mint-master. His ships went
profits were about £40,000. Newport had all over the world, and the letters to his captains
twenty-two distilleries.
| in foreign ports are entertaining reading. He
The domestic use of rum was enormous in mixed up pious exhortation and pine-tree shill-
New England. As a beverage it was less in ings, a pure conscience towards God and se-
jurious to health than modern corn whiskey. lected codfish, the dross of earth and the gold of
Massachusetts in 1750 distilled 15,000 hogs- heaven, in a delightful way. A captain advises
heads of molasses, and the product was used him to send a cargo of pipe-staves, hoops, and
in the fisheries, the lumbering and shipbuilding codfish to the Canaries. He declines, and says:
districts, on shipboard, by common laborers,
“I am more desirous to be thoughtful of launching
and for exportation to Africa. The price of a into the vast ocean of eternity, whither we must shortly
prime negro on the coast in 1752 was 100 gal be carried, so I might be in a prepared posture for my
lons of rum. Cider was the common stimulat- | Lord's coming."
ing beverage of the farmers and middle classes. He usually concluded the instructions to his
Merchants and men of wealth stored their cel- | captains thus :


1891.7
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THE DIAL
“Leave no debts behind you wherever you go ; see “ written or unwritten,” in Connecticut or any
to the worship of God every day in the vessel, and to the of the New England colonies, is a mystery.
sanctification of the Lord's day and suppression of pro-
faneness. That the Lord may delight to be with you
Everybody, we had supposed, knew that they
and his blessing upon you, is the hearty prayer of your
were invented by Rev. Samuel Peters, a tory
friend and owner.”
and pestilent Episcopal minister, who was ban-
He died in 1684, and his only daughter mar-
ished from Connecticut in 1774, went to En-
ried Judge Samuel Sewell, making the Judge
gland, and in revenge wrote and brought out
the richest man in the colony. The Judge's
in London in 1781 a - General History of Con-
diary, in three volumes, published by the Mas-
necticut,” which is a monumental curiosity in
sachusetts Historical Society, is as quaint and
the line of scandal and mendacity. The po-
entertaining as that of Samuel Pepys, secretary
lemic writers of the Episcopal church have
of the British admiralty; and both covered
long used Peters's book for pelting New En-
about the same period.
gland; and a few years ago a grandson of
Mr. Weeden has done an important service
Peters reprinted the book with the endorse-
to New England history in bringing together
ment, as to its veracity, of the editor of - The
a vast amount of scattered material which has
Churchman” in New York. The character of
hitherto not been generally accessible. The
Peters and the falsehoods of his book have
labor he has spent on the work must have been so often exposed, it is passing strange
been enormous. The historical student reads
that the fact has never come to Mr. Weeden's
it with such a feeling of grateful obligation to
knowledge.
W. F. POOLE.
the author that he has no disposition to speak
of its execution in other terms than praise. We
may say, however, that we think the arrange-
LOWELL FOR POSTERITY.*
ment of the matter could have been improved
Next to the approval of conscience, perhaps
by bringing together the facts pertaining to the
the sweetest reward that can accrue to a great
same subject,-those, for instance, relating to
writer from a well-spent life is to be permitted
iron and its manufacture. The index shows
to live to set his papers in order, out of the
that iron is treated in about fifty different
reach of indiscreet friends, and to edit a defin-
places. If these interesting facts had been col-
itive impression of his works. It is a source
lected and stated chronologically, the reading
of satisfaction to every lover of our home lit-
of the volumes would have been much easier.
erature, that Bryant and Holmes and Longfel.
Hence it is a work to be studied with frequent
low and Whittier and Bancroft have had this
reference to the index, and not to be read con-
supreme reward. Emerson revised his works,
secutively. The author had the materials for
but did not live to see the first volume of the
making a readable book.
final edition. Mr. Lowell may now also sing
The following surprising historical mistake
his nunc dimittis with peace of mind on this
must be noticed, that it may be corrected in
score, for the ten goodly volumes before us re-
the next edition :
flect him as he chooses to appear to the read-
“ Numerous traditions attest the actual operations of
ers yet unborn of the twentieth century,--and
the blue laws of Connecticut. . . . . The code,
whether written or unwritten, was certainly severe.
after? Goodlier volumes, within and without,
No food or lodging could be given to a Quaker, Adam no reader need ask for ; the publishers' part
ite, or other heretic. No one could run on the Sabbath of the work has been even better done than in
day, or walk in his garden or elsewhere, except rey-
the case of the definitive edition of Whittier
erently to and from meeting. No one should travel,
published last year. And when one considers
cook victuals, make beds, sweep house, cut hair, or
shave, on the Sabbath day. No woman should kiss her the acute and suggestive criticism, literary,
child on the Sabbath, or fasting day. Whoever brought social, and political, the fascinating poetry, the
cards into the dominion paid a fine of £5. No one
eloquent and stirring appeals to our higher
could read common prayer, keep christmas or saints'
nature, the inexhaustible wit, which these vol-
days, make minced pies, dance, play cards, or play on
any instrument of music except the drum, trumpet, and
umes contain, one finds it hard to fix upon any
jews-harp.”
author of the age whose works are more likely
How any person in our day claiming to be
to be read generations hence. Hudibras apart,
a student of New England history can be ig * THE WRITINGS OF JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL. Riverside
norant of the fact that there never was a Edition. In ten volumes :- Literary Essays, in four volumes ;
Political Essays, in one volume ; Literary and Political Ad-
“ Code of Connecticut Blue Laws,” and that
dresses, in one volume; Poems, in four volumes. Boston:
not one of the laws quoted above ever existed, | Houghton, Mifflin & Co.


286
[Jan.,
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what political satire in the language is so witty Earlier in the same Note he says of himself
and pungent and quotable as the “ Bigelow that, “ Though capable of whatever drudgery
Papers"? How long hence will the literary in acquisition, I am by temperament impatient
historian cease to quote the “ Fable for Crit- of detail in communicating what I have ac-
ics”? What American poem is more likely quired, and too often put into a parenthesis or
to live by the side of “Snow-Bound” than a note conclusions arrived at by long study and
- The Vision of Sir Launfal ” ? Is not the reflection, when perhaps it had been wiser to
“ Commemoration Ode " destined to become | expand them.” Was there no candid friend
more rather than less popular, as the idealizing to say to Mr. Lowell that it is precisely this
halo of time settles over the Event and the pregnant suggestiveness which lends inexhaust-
Man the poem celebrates ? What Tennyson ible charm to some of these essays ? As it is,
ian or Swinburnian or Hugoesque ode has a he gives the reader a sense of reserve power
better title to immortality? Finally,—to make which one would be sorry to miss. It is idle
an end of these vain surmisings,—what changes for him to lament that he did not spread a pic-
in literary taste are likely to render men soturesque and sluggish stream in those places
insensible to the charm of Shakespeare and where he gathers the current of his thought
Dante, Wordsworth and Spenser, Dryden and into the narrow channel of a deep, swift race.
Pope, Chaucer and Carlyle, that they will cease The physical parallel holds good here: the
to take an interest in criticisms in some respects pressure of a body of water depends, not upon
the most penetrative and sympathetic that have surface expansion, but upon depth.
ever illustrated those great writers ?
Twice before I have written of Mr. Lowell
These are at least fair questions. If variety in THE DIAL: in February, 1887, on the oc-
of excellence contributed as much as concen casion of the publication of “ Democracy and
trated power to make literary work memora other Addresses ”; and in September, 1888,
ble, I should deem Mr. Lowell's title to perma touching the “ Political Essays.” On both
nent fame as good as that of any living man. these occasions I spoke of the man and of his
But ten volumes containing upwards of three work with the glow of admiration which I still
thousand five hundred pages are a very large feel whenever I return to him, as I frequently
draft for a single writer to make upon the re- | do and shall continue to do. There are few
trospective interest of a remote posterity, which writers to whom the younger critics of the day
will doubtless have literary interests of its own. are more indebted for “ inspiring hints," –he
It is discouraging to conjecture how many thou confesses a similar obligation to Emerson. Per-
sands of volumes by men of genius—and alas ! haps it would be too much to call these hints,
women of genius—yet unborn, the critic of the as he calls Emerson's, “ a divining-rod to your
year 2000 will have to read before he can de deeper nature.” But in cruising the seas and
cently pay his respects to our dear Mr. Lowell! exploring the friths and fiords of the world of
In view of such considerations as these it does books, one need look for no more sagacious
seem a little surprising to find that ingenious pilot than Mr. Lowell. Like Chaucer's ship-
gentleman regretting “ when it is too late” man,
that he had not made his literary essays five "With many a tempest has his beard been shakë."
or six times as long as they are. Possibly he There is scarcely a coast where he has not
is not thinking of the year 2000. Possibly, made soundings, and no port so difficult of ac-
also, I misconstrue him ; the reader shall judge. cess that he cannot run you in or out without
At the conclusion of the brief " Prefatory Note grounding. He can teach you to steer clear
to the Essays,” dated the 25th of April, 1890, of unnavigable sounds and shoals, and, though
he says :
a bold mariner, not afraid of perilous head-
“Let me add that in preparing these papers for the lands and gusty promontories, he will conduct
press I omitted much illustrative and subsidiary matter, you upon no polar expeditions, whence at most
and this I regret when it is too late. Five or six lec-
nothing is to be brought back save your own
tures, for instance, were condensed into the essay on
bones and those of previous explorers. We
Roussean. The dates attached were those of publica-
tion, but the bulk of the material was written many
have his word for it that he is a very patient
years earlier, some of it so long ago as 1854. I have reader; he is surely of all critics the least pa-
refrained from modifying what was written by one_I tient of the commonplace. Most critics have
know not whether to say so much older or so much
their “fads"; Mr. Lowell has none. Like M.
younger than I-but at any rate different in some im-
Taine, he admires everything that can be called
portant respects, and this partly from deference to him,
partly from distrust of myself.”
literature, and very little besides. He at least


1891.7
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THE DIAL
will never betray his disciple into wasting his some of it is likely to last. But his poetry?
substance in riotous Barmecidal feasts. “I Certainly it has done noble service in its day.
am apt to believe,” he says, “ that the com For my own part, I will acknowledge that I
plaints one sometimes hears of the neglect of fear I like it too well to be a good judge of it.
our older literature are the regrets of archæol But I am inclined to agree with FitzGerald in
ogists rather than of critics. One does not what seems to have been his tacit opinion, that
need to advertise the squirrels where the nut the poetry is not Mr. Lowell's most permanent
trees are, nor could any amount of lecturing contribution to literature. This with the ex-
persuade them to spend their teeth on a hollow | ception of a few pieces, one or two of which
nut.” It is to be feared that Mr. Lowell has I have already mentioned. What does Mr.
too much confidence in the instinct of his squir- | Lowell himself think? The “ Prefatory Note
rels, but this sentence (from the essay on Spen to the Poems” (Vol. VII.) concludes with
ser) was written before the day of Wordsworth these pathetic words : “ As we grow older, we
societies and Shelley societies, and Browning grow the more willing to say, as Petrarca in
clubs and Kipling clubs.
Landor's Pentameron says to Boccaccio, · We
Some of my judicious friends reproach me neither of us are such poets as we thought our-
with putting an extravagant estimate upon selves when we were younger.'” This is dated
Lowell. So I should like to corroborate my the 9th of May, 1890.
self with the opinion of a critic whose judg What are some of the reservations touching
ment weighs. Such a critic I find in Edward the essays, which FitzGerald withholds in the
FitzGerald, the translator of Calderon and letter quoted above? Doubtless they were either
Omar Khayyam. Intimate with the best writ criticisms of detail such as any reader may make
ers and thinkers of his time, he delighted in for himself, or else they are met by Mr. Lowell's
telling them all exactly what he thought of explanation that the greater part of the literary
their works. The candor of the following pas essays were originally written as lectures. He
sage from a letter of his to Mr. Lowell cannot adds : “ This will account for, if it do not ex-
be questioned. He had mentioned to Mr. Nor cuse, a more rhetorical tone in them here and
ton and to Mr. Lowell himself that he admired there than I should have allowed myself had I
the Essays with certain reservations. One of been writing for the eye and not for the ear.”
these, with reference to the “ Moosehead Jour | Criticisms of detail might be multiplied, but
nal,” was: “I did not like the Style of it at they are beyond the scope of the present re-
all; all • too clever by half.'” In October, view. As, however, we are dealing with a writer
1877, FitzGerald wrote to Mr. Lowell as fol for whom so much is claimed, of whom it is
lows:
asserted that he need not fear comparison as a
" ... I have lately been re-reading ... critic with the best, it may not be amiss briefly
those Essays of yours on which you wished to see my
to suggest, in conclusion, one or two of the
• Adversaria.' These are too few and insignificant to
specify by Letter: ... Were not the whole so
more serious limitations of Mr. Lowell's pow-
really admirable both in Thought and Diction, I should
ers which such a comparison reveals.
not stumble at such Straws; such Straws as you can As a literary critic, then, Mr. Lowell lacks
easily blow away if you should ever care to do so. Only | philosophy, he lacks system, he lacks science.
pray understand (what I really mean) that, in all my
He belongs to the impressionist school of Cole-
remarks I do not pretend to the level of an original
Writer like yourself: only as a Reader of Taste, which
ridge and Hazlitt and Lamb, rather than to
is a very different thing you know, however useful now the more positive school founded by Sainte-
and then in the Service of Genius. I am accredited Beuve and continued on one line by Matthew
with the Aphorism, • Taste is the Feminine of Genius.' Arnold and on another by M. Taine. Mr.
However that may be, I have some confidence in my
Lowell is singularly exempt from the tyranny
own. And, as I have read these Essays of yours more
than once and again, and with increasing Satisfaction,
of the Zeitgeist ; he is remarkably innocent of
so I believe will other men long after me; not as Lit- | the evolutionary tendency which has invaded
erary Essays only, but comprehending very much be- ! every department of human research. Of course
side of Human and Divine, all treated with such a very
a powerful mind develops a philosophy of its
full and universal Faculty, both in Thought and Word,
that I really do not know where to match in any work
own ; and Mr. Lowell's astonishing talents and
of the kind. I could make comparisons with the best:
equipment, his broad comparative view of the
but I don't like comparisons. But I think your Work whole field of literature, his rare poetic gift,
will last, as I think of very few Books indeed.” and his generous enjoyment of the work of
Yes, Mr. Lowell's prose work will, quoad others, give unique value to all his judgments
criticism, bear comparison with the best, and I and obiter dicta. In particular it is to be noted


288
[Jan.,
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that his quick and delicate sympathy always eight greatest names ? A partial answer may
moves under the escort of a vigilant sense of be sought in the fact that he has something of
humor, which recalls him from those extrava the same scholarly inaccessibility and Bosto-
gances into which unattended sympathy is so nian perpendicularity which made the great-
prone to run. But what I chiefly wish to re hearted Sumner disliked. Mr. Lowell thinks
mark is that any advance one may note in the Goethe cold, but one cannot fancy the master
criticism of Lowell beyond that of Coleridge, of Elmwood putting so hospitable a legend un-
for example, or of De Quincey, is due far less der the engraving of his fine old mansion as
to a more scientific method than to the person that which Goethe wrote for the picture of his
ality of the critic. He seems to have learned lit humbler house at Weimar.* Mr. Lowell un-
tle from Sainte-Beuve, to whom he was doubt derstood profoundly the great, the ideal side
less introduced after his own method was form of Lincoln's character, yet it is probable that
ed. This is a great pity, for Sainte-Beuve could Lincoln would have had as little personal sym-
have taught him much, as he taught Matthew | pathy with Lowell as he had with Sumner.
Arnold and the whole present generation of “Do you know," said he, “ Sumner is my idea
brilliant critics in France. Had Mr. Lowell of a bishop.” Lincoln and Grant understood
brought his splendid powers to an inductive each other, and the people understood them.
criticism such as that now practised in France But they could not understand such men as
by Taine and Brunetière, the results must have Sumner, Motley, and Lowell, nor can the peo-
been of the highest interest. This he might ple. Such is the price “the gentleman and
have done had he in early life become im scholar” pays for his privilege of caste. But
bued with the more scientific method of Sainte upon this it were ungracious to dwell.
Beuve.
Finally, I cannot but express very great dis-
In truth, however, Lowell, although fourteen appointment that the fine essay on Gray, which
years Sainte-Beuve's junior, was a much less | appeared some years since in the “ New Prince-
modern man than that master-critic. Paradox ton Review,” should not have been included in
ical as the assertion may seem, Lowell, with this definitive edition. Perhaps Mr. Lowell will
all his genius, lacks originality. This is why | yet delight us with another volume or two. He
he has made so little mark upon the thought is said to be writing the life of Hawthorne,
of his age. For all his acute judgments and and this is well enough; but why does he not
brilliant epigrams, he has left the art of criti comply with the reasonable demands of Fitz-
cism much where it was when he took up the Gerald and other friends, and add to his gal-
fallen mantles of Coleridge and Hazlitt. That lery the portraits of Cervantes, Calderon, Mo-
he did not leave it in precisely the same place lière, Fielding,— and De Quincey? He has
is principally due to the subtle invasion of the given us sketches of Fielding and Cervantes,
time-spirit, which no one escapes. Compared but no finished picture.
with Sainte-Beuve, who effected, almost single-
MELVILLE B. ANDERSON.
handed, a memorable revolution in the art of
criticism, Lowell appears ineffectual indeed.
* I roughly translate as follows:--
Compared with Buckle or with Taine, incom-
Why stand the folk without and stare ?
Are not door and gateway there?
plete as their attempts at induction may have
If they'd enter bold and free
been, his influence seems slight. Compared
One and all should welcome be!
with Matthew Arnold, whose doctrine and prac-
tice move in such consistency and harmony,
how small a place does Lowell fill in the his-
THE FOUNDING OF TIIE GERMAX EMPIRE.*
tory of culture! What stream of new and
The honored historian of the great revolu-
fresh ideas did he set in motion and causer to tionary epoch has undertaken to trace and re-
prevail, as Arnold confessedly did ?
cord the mighty movement that has given to
I had intended to discuss the limitations by the world a united Germany. His previous
reason of which Mr. Lowell's sagacious and studies have been an excellent preparation for
pure political addresses and essays have had so
this important work, and the high regard in
little influence with his countrymen at large.
which he is held has gained for him oppor-
Why, with powers so much more various and * THE FOUNDING OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE BY WILLIAM I.
dazzling than those of any other American wri-
Based chiefly upon Prussian State Documents. By Heinrich
Von Sybel. Translated by Marshall Livingston Perrin.
ter,-I make no exception,—is he less a na-
In
five volumes. Volume I. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell
tional favorite than any other of our six or 1 & Co.


1891.]
289
THE DIAL
tunities for studying the movement that are or of man. No one can understand the pres-
absolutely unique. The archives of Prussia ent conditions in Europe without a knowledge
and of several of the smaller states have been of that stormy period.
opened to him, and we may rely upon his It is a striking change that the last half-
statements of fact. A reading of this volume century has brought about in Germany,—that
assures us that his interpretations of facts may from an apparently incorrigible individualism,
also be depended upon, for we recognize the inbred by the training of centuries, to a united
judicial temper in his treatment of them. and vigorous nationality. The Empire has
Without concealing his own opinions—and he been made possible only by the partial self-
was himself a part of that which he portrays effacement of the beloved dukedoms and prin-
he is equally ready to see the mistakes of his cipalities, at whose expense it has gained its
own party or state, and to recognize the merits great powers by their voluntary bestowal. So
of his opponents. No one, for example, could thoroughly disintegrated was the land with its
show more clearly the wretched vacillation and multitude of petty absolutisms, so completely
quixotism of the benevolent Frederick William had it resisted the tendencies that elsewhere
IV.; yet we can see that the author had for united the federal states into strong nations,
the King the same tender feeling that all had that it was hard to imagine any power or in-
who came under his influence.
fluence that could fuse those of Germany into
But the days of the Confederation are even one. But even while we wondered, the thing
more disconnected from the feelings of pres was done, the consummation of the longings
ent Germany than are the days before 1860 of the few generous and patriotic souls was at-
from our own, for their struggle has not left tained, and Germany stood forth among the
behind it any such tremendous disturbing force nations a noble object for the devotion of a
as our negro problem with all its phases of united German people. There seemed to be
trouble. The historian himself says: “ The no such thing as German national feeling un-
times of the old Bundestag are behind us, and til far into the present century, and it must be
they form a closed chapter of our past history. accounted one of the many indirect blessings
We are able to talk as dispassionately about of the tremendous upheaval of a hundred years
Königgrätz as about Kollin and Leuthen." | ago, through its later effects, the risings of
In this spirit he has written this work; that 1830 and 1848. In Germany, that national
the Germans themselves recognize its merits feeling tended toward unity, as in heterogene-
is shown by their enthusiastic reception of it. ous Austria the same feeling tended toward
The first book, which fills a third of this separation.
volume, is entitled “ Retrospect," and gives a We can see in German history, as shown in
summary account of German history to the | this volume, much to remind us of our own sad
outbreak of the revolution in the early part experience under our Confederation. Here was
of that annus mirabilis, 1848. The special the same extreme individualism in the states
topics are the rise of Prussia to a rivalry with that had grown out of the old isolated colonies,
Austria, the results of the Napoleonic wars the same jealousy of a central government due
upon Germany, the workings of the Confeder to historical reasons, the same determination
ation of 1815 as dominated by Prince Metter not to sink state identity in any powerful
nich, and the beginnings of a national feeling. national organization. And the way out was
With the outbreak of the revolution in Ger much the same in both cases, through confu-
many, in electric sympathy with the outbreak sion, selfish quarrels, anarchy. We emerged
in Paris, the narrative becomes minute, and sooner from the darkness, for we had no Prus-
the rest of the volume tells the events of but sia and Austria contending for supremacy, and
little more than two years, the attempt to nó absolute monarchs with power to thwart
form a real national government after that up- the wishes of the people when once they had
heaval. The story of that futile effort is of discovered where their interest lay.
fascinating interest and great value to the The reasons for the failure of the revolution-
student of politics. It is necessarily compli ary movements of 1830 and 1848 are readily
cated, for there were many petty states man seen from this narrative. The patriot leaders
euvring each for its own advantage. But failed to realize the fundamental truth in poli-
though it is somewhat hard to follow in its tics, that any institution to be stable and last-
frequent transitions from court to court, it has ing must grow out of the life and thought of the
much to interest the general student of history people. These leaders were doctrinaire philos-


290
[Jan.,
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ophers,—men who, without experience of free moralist, and he seeks texts on which to hang
government, drew all their ideas from books, discourses. The discourses contain abundance
from the ancient writers and those of France, of sound ethical teaching, no doubt. The
and from their own enthusiasms. It seemed thoughts are the thoughts of an educated man ;
to them that all their political institutions must the tone is dignified; the language correct.
be immediately changed and conformed to those We may even concede that the observations
of England or the United States, then the shin are, in the main, just. What then? Merely
ing models of freedom. If popular discontent this : that after reading awhile one begins-
put these leaders in power, the bewildered peo unless he rebels outright—to look at the world
ple were unable to work the strange and com through the eyes of Whately, rather than those
plicated machinery put into their hands, the of Bacon ; the impression gradually deepens
experiment failed, and a reaction brought back that the editor lacks the gift of self-efface-
the despot, and with him more of relief to the ment, —- in short, the reader ends by persuad-
people from their perplexity than of sorrow for ing himself that, instead of getting a deal of
their failure.
sack to his bread, he is getting an intolera-
The rise of Prussia is one of the marvels of ble deal of bread to his sack. Lucky is it
modern history. Though her course has been for the editor if the reader never formulates
checkered with humiliation and disappoint the thought that the bread is not only plenti-
ment, and not unstained by selfish aggression ful, but uncommonly dry!
upon her weaker neighbors, it is perhaps no There is another kind of edition, designed
worse than that of her great neighbors. And the for the student in school and college. This
little state has grown in a hundred years to a has an extended introduction ; good, numerous,
power that has enabled her to humble the old and sufficiently copious notes ; information of
and proud empires of France and Austria, and various sorts contributory to the attainment of
sit the arbiter of Europe. This story of the an independent opinion concerning Bacon's
rise of Prussia, of the jealousy of Austria to character and views. For this species Abbott's
wards this troublesome neighbor, growing as edition may be allowed to stand.
the latter grew in strength and influence and Still another is represented by Wright's
ambition, of the desperate struggle of the old issue in the Clarendon Press series. Unlike
leader to maintain her position by wrecking the last-named, the text of this is not modern-
every attempt at German unity that would ex ized, but retains the eccentricities of the old
clude her non-German appendages, and of her spelling and punctuation, and a use of capitals
success down to the fatal war of 1866,—this which reminds one of German, though less
story is full of interest.
consistent. Wright's may be called the
scholar's condensed edition. It deals much in
CHARLES H. COOPER.
variants, in Latin renderings of the English of
the Essays, and in references to parallel pas-
sages in other works of Bacon's. Its illus-
ANDERSON'S EDITION OF BACON'S ESSAYS.*
trative notes, in so far as they point out the
This is the only edition of Bacon I have ever sources of Bacon's thought or diction, are usu-
seen which looks as though one would take pleas ally mere citations, unavailable without access
ure in reading it through at a single sitting. to a considerable library, unless the reader is
No other would be likely to appeal so strongly so learned as to carry a library in his head.
to the person of literary proclivities and refined Wright's edition is for classical scholars of
taste, who reads merely for the pleasure it yields leisure and for other editors.
or to acquire certain general notions of an au Lastly may be instanced the edition of Rev.
thor, his style and times.
nolds, which has just appeared. This is a gen-
Many have been and are the editions of erous octavo, with notes and notes,—notes at
Bacon's Essays besides those contained in the foot of the page, and notes at the end of
his collected works. Out of these we may each essay. The foot-notes are devoted rather
choose four with which to compare the one be to verbal difficulties, the terminal notes rather
fore us. Whately treats Bacon as a homilist to parallels and the explanation of allusions.
treats a book of Scripture. Whately is a The type is large, the paper good, and—justly
enough—the price high. Reynolds's may be
* The Essays OR COUNSELS OF FRANCIS Bacon. Edited,
with an Introduction and Notes, by Melville B. Anderson.
called the library edition, not unadapted to the
Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co.
person of general information and culture, but
was


1891.]
291
THE DIAL
framed with an eye to the scholar, and sure to both commas would answer as well). But it is
be prized by him, whether he is near an ex- safe to say that such instances are few, and it
tensive library or not.
is only fair to admit that the edition of 1612
Different from all these is Professor An- sustains Anderson's punctuation.
derson's setting of the Essays. It was meant The notes err neither by excess of number
to be different, and it is. The foundation of nor of length. If this be a fault, it is a good
our confidence in any edition is the assurance one in an edition designed for reading. True
that it has a good text; in other words, that it is that Bacon's book is of the “ few” that
we have the author's speech as he meant to are “ to be chewed and digested,” and that in
leave it to the world, or as he would desire order to the full assimilation more help may be
that it should be presented to us. This means needed. But we must bear in mind that this
literal faithfulness at one extreme, and at the edition is for the reader, not specifically for the
other the exercise of common-sense. In some student; and for the mere reader the notes are
cases, fac-similes of an original are serviceable, perhaps frequent enough. Then they are at
or editions which are virtually such. In others, the foot of the page, where they will least in-
the essentials may be rigorously preserved, terrupt the course of the reading; and, I re-
while everything accidental with reference to peat, they are brief. Latin quotations are well
the peculiar purpose of the edition will be ig translated, and whatever is offered is worthy of
nored. The peculiar cutting of the type is being received with confidence. There is no
always thus accidental; so is its size. Where shallow philologizing nor ignorant darkening
the needs of the scholar do not require the re of counsel.
tention of the old punctuation, the latter is The Introduction contains only twenty-nine
often more negative than accidental ; it is a pages, all told, including the useful and sugges-
positive hindrance to the apprehension of the tive Dates Relative to Francis Bacon and his
meaning. The Elizabethan spelling varies Contemporaries. The divisions of the Intro-
from lawless to obstructive. Regarded as un duction are: Original Editions and Dedica-
familiar, and therefore " quaint,” it may af tions ; Recent Editions ; The Present Edition ;
ford pleasure to minds of a retrospective cast, The Form ; Literary Style; Bacon and Shak-
or peculiarly susceptible to the charm of asso spere. One merit of the Introduction, and not
ciation ; it may even be insisted on by those the least, is its freedom from verbiage. In this
who think nothing delightful that can be day of much euphuistic spinning of filmy dainti-
shared by many; but it is doubtless true that ness, glistening and iridescent when struck at
the anarchic spelling of three hundred years a proper angle by the light, but mostly doomed
ago may and does stand in the way of wide to be swept into oblivion by some well-directed
popularity, and consequently of a general dif broom of criticism, or left hanging in forgotten
fusion of the wisdom contained in such pages corners where brooms have no need to pene-
as these.
trate, the man who says simply and clearly
Professor Anderson has produced for us a what he sees and what he means deserves the
sound text; that is, so far as I have examined, encouragement of general applause. Bacon
he gives us the words that accredited scholars himself would have applauded such a one. I
assure us are Bacon's, 'but in modern spelling. quote concerning him from one of Anderson's
His punctuation is lucid and usually convincing, quotations : "In the composing of his books he
though occasionally he resolves an ambiguity did rather drive at a masculine and clear ex-
by re-punctuation when perhaps it had been pression than at any fineness or affectation of
better to allow the reader a choice of render phrases, and would often ask if the meaning
ings. A specimen may be adduced from Es. were expressed plainly enough, as being one
say XXVI. Thus he reads, “ It is a ridiculous that accounted words to be but subservient or
thing, and fit for a satire to persons of judg- ministerial to matter, and not the principal.”
ment,” etc. Wright's edition has, “ It is a Golden words these, and worthy to be com-
Ridiculous Thing, and fit for a Satyre, to Per- | mitted to memory by every writer who aspires
sons of Iudgement.” Now perhaps the latter is to live for posterity.
what Bacon meant to say; namely, that to per Not more than once or twice are Anderson's
sons of judgment, and not to others, it is both own pages disfigured by such a conceit as this
ridiculous and fit for satire. The conservative (the italics are mine): “ The student who
course, allowing choice of readings in the peru- would broaden his intellectual horizon cannot
sal, might here have been preferable (omitting afford to keep his eye forever fixed upon the


292
[Jan.,
THE DIAL
navel of a quarto volume.” Closely allied one looks for—and does not always find-in a book,
with plainness of speech is strength of convic with the lightness and rapidity of touch, timeliness
tion. Here again Anderson is not wanting. of allusion, and sure choice of the right topic for
He persuades because he is persuaded. A sin- |
the right moment, that mark the work of our “news-
gle illustration of his outspokenness may suffice:
paper men,” implies not only a union of journalistic
tact with literary training, but a certain personal
“ The Essays are an epitome of worldly wis-
gift. We read in one of these “ London Letters,"
dom, a handbook for him who wishes to work
of Mr. Gladstone, that “in his hands, whatever it
men to his ends, a digest of most of the arts
[the subject] be, it is entertaining; he has been
and shifts whereby the crafty and the unscru known to discourse to his neighbor through the
pulous succeed in that scramble for place and greater part of a long dinner on the doctrine of copy-
wealth in which the weaker goes to the wall.” right and of international copyright. His neighbor
The qualities noted in the Introduction make
was a beautiful woman who cared no more for copy-
it a revelation-regard being had to its nar-
right than for the Cherokees. She listened to him
row compass—of the man Bacon and his aph-
throughout with unfailing delight.” We may say par-
oristic wisdom of experience. It is not a piece
enthetically, that those who have tried to make them-
selves interesting and morally intelligible to their
of cunning self-glorification of Anderson ; and
fellow-man on the subject of international copyright
this is its praise.
will best appreciate Mr.Gladstone's feat. A fair share
The book is well printed, of convenient form
of this gift of brightening up a serious topic is pos-
and size, and neatly bound. It is, and is likely sessed by Mr. Smalley, some of his most readable
for some time to remain, the reader's handy letters presupposing in the reader an intelligent in-
edition.
terest in and a decent knowledge of current Euro-
ALBERT S. Cook.
pean politics and social questions. Writing for an
American newspaper, he provides, of course, a lib-
eral sprinkling of gossip and personal details—some-
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
times, we are bound to say, rather trivial, but al-
ways decent. Mr. Smalley is no scandal-monger ;
Some of the best of the rather well-known "Lon-
and that portion of the public which looks to the
don Letters” written during the last five years by
““ correspondent " to supply it with the unsavory
Mr. G. W. Smalley to the New York - Tribune”
details of unsavory events will find cold comfort in
are reprinted in two handsome volumes by Messrs.
his letters. With this exception, the range of topics
Harper. Naturally, one inclines to take a book more
touched upon in the volumes is ample enough to
seriously than a newspaper ; the former stands for,
suit all tastes ; like the German prescription, they
we may say, the guide and philosopher, the latter
contain something of everything, so that each case
for the friend ; and the “ Clothes Philosopher" him-
or individual may be met. The letters are the more
self might sometimes wonder at the change wrought
interesting from the fact that the author has had
in the friend when he dons a fine blue coat with
personal relations with many great men of whom
gilt trimmings—that is to say, a binding. The
he writes ; and those readers who turn anxiously to
judgment usually passed upon volumes reprinted
the chapters on “ London Society,” its customs, di-
from the daily press, that they lack permanent in-
versions, distinctions, rivalries, and outward aspects,
terest and seriousness of treatment, by no means
may rest assured that Mr. Smalley's account is more
implies the unfitness of the matter for its original
authentic than that, say, of Thackeray's journalist,
setting. Indeed, one may almost say that it implies
whose glowing descriptions of May Fair were written
its fitness. The journalist's first duty is to make
in a back garret by the light of a "penny dip.”
himself readable ; and experience tells him that
his patrons, in the mass, do not look for or care In September, 1889, the first volume of the Cent-
for those weightier qualities of style and treatment | ury Dictionary was reviewed at some length in THE
without which few books are worth the printing. DIAL; the succeeding volumes have followed at
We speak now, of course, of American newspapers regular intervals, and we now have before us the
and readers. In England—where pater-familias at fourth volume comprising the letters M, N, O, and
breakfast takes his - Times" with the easy hardi P. This volume, which is larger than any of its pre-
hood of an ostrich pecking up a luncheon of four decessors, contains more than 1,300 pages adorned
penny nails--a different rule prevails. There is, by nearly 1,500 cuts. The whole number of pages
however, a happy medium-fairly represented by thus far is 4,880. The publishers originally promised
these “ London Letters”—between the extremes of their subscribers a total of 6,500 pages containing
ultra-American and conservative-British journalism : 200,000 words separately defined. They now in-
a union of the two, with a due weeding out of flip- form us that the total number of pages must be in-
pancy on the one side and heaviness on the other. | creased to 7,000 which will contain in the neighbor-
This we apprehend to be what Matthew Arnold | hood of 225,000 words defined. So long as books
meant by the “ New Journalism.” The power of last, this splendid work is likely to stand as a monu-
tempering the qualities of style and treatment which I ment of the scholarship, taste, skill, and enterprise


1891.]
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THE DIAL
of contemporary America. Not the least remark Persia, and Egypt, being reproduced very fully
able feature is the punctuality with which the pub- and accurately. The chapter upon “ Philip and
lishers are placing the successive parts and volumes his Army" contains an excellent description of the
at the disposal of subscribers. If the next two vol Macedonian phalanx and of the whole military
umes are produced with the same speed as the four equipment of the phalangite. This chapter can be
now in our hands, next New Year's day will see this commended as the best available résumé on the sub-
magnificent dictionary completed. Six hundred and ject. The auther follows Alexander from Mace-
sixty pages,—or about half the present volume,—are donia to the Indus, and interprets the military side
occupied by the letter P, which, after S and C, is of this wonderful triumphal march so understand-
the most important of the alphabet. The letter C ingly that the reader feels that he has never before
covers something less than 700 pages, and the letter realized the consummate military skill that made
S is yet to come. In the new International Webster, Alexander the conqueror of the Orient. The ma-
P claims 132 pages, C 164, and S 200. These figures terial from which a completely accurate account of
may indicate the relative comprehensiveness of the this march could be constructed is, of course, want-
two works. The 660 pages devoted to the letter P ing. Colonel Dodge has relied principally upon
contain some 30,000 definitions and encyclopædic Arrian, Quintus Curtius, Diodorus Siculus, among
articles. But these figures are bewildering. One the ancients; and, adding what can be gathered
gladly turns from them to the most attractive fea from other sources, has interpreted the hero to us
ture of this dictionary, the illustrations, which dis in the light of modern military science. As he
tinctly surpass those of any similar work known to | himself remarks, in speaking of the charts, etc., of
us and are equalled nowhere save in the best special the campaigns, “ accuracy is not always possible";
works relating to art, natural history, etc. For pure | but so far as the material will admit, the author
æsthetic delight, commend us to the illustrations of has been conscientious in its use as well as logical
sculpture, of architecture, of the mechanic arts, of in his conclusions.
plants, birds, snakes, and monkeys in this dictionary,
above the dilettantism of any gift-book of the sea-
No writer has pictured more vividly the stirring
son. It may not be amiss to remind our readers
incidents of frontier army life, the march across
that this book is a combined dictionary and en-
the plains, the bivouac, the dash and hurry of In-
cyclopædia of things (not of persons and places),
dian fighting, than Captain Charles King; and his
under one alphabet. As a dictionary of words, it is
breezy, wholesome books are always sure of their
doubtless the most accurate, as it is the completest
public. Under the title “ Campaigning with Crook,"
and the most comprehensive, that has yet been pro-
Harper & Brothers issue a series of sketches by
duced. As an encyclopædia it is characterized by
Captain King—originally contributed to a Milwau-
the greatest precision possible without violence to
kee daily— descriptive of the Sioux campaign of
clearness. It is an American work in the best sense,
1876. The papers were not subjected to a polish-
and naturally gives more space to domestic arts, an-
ing process as a preliminary to their appearance in
imals, plants, etc., and to cis-Atlantic locutions, than
covers, and the author rates them, in his preface,
any foreign dictionary or encyclopædia could be
| as “ rough sketches, but no rougher than the cam-
expected to give. (The Century Co., New York ;
paign." While an occasional amendment might be
McDonnell Bros., Chicago.)
suggested, we think that on the whole the book is
better as it is; the direct, rapid style is well suited
FEW volumes more interesting to the student of to the matter; the sketches were written shortly af-
the growth of military science have lately been is- ter the events narrated took place, and the vigor of
sued than “Alexander, a History of the Origin and expression born of vivid recollection and quickened
Growth of the Art of War from the Earliest Times feeling might, perhaps, have been refined away in
to the Battle of Ipsus," written by Colonel Theo- | later revision. There are several noticeably good
dore A. Dodge, and published by Houghton, Mifflin bits of descriptive writing in the volume, of which
& Co., in the series entitled “Great Captains.” In the following example-relating the death-scene of
seven hundred ample pages, Colonel Dodge follows the Chief “ American Horse "—may be selected :
the history of Alexander's campaigns with critical “ Dr. Clements examines his savage patient tenderly,
analysis, and in a style and method especially fitted gently as he would a child; and though he sees that
to the needs of the modern reader. The earlier nothing can save his life, he does all that art can
chapters are devoted to an account of the methods suggest. It is a painful task to both surgeon and
of ancient warfare, and contain spirited descrip- subject. The latter scorns chloroform, and mutters
tions of military usages of early nations. These some order to a squaw crouching at his feet. She
chapters are fully illustrated by cuts from coins, glides silently from the tepee, and returns with a bit
marbles, and ceramics. The combat of the Greeks of hard stick ; this he thrusts between his teeth, and
and Trojans, for example, as represented upon the then, as the surgeons work, and the sweat of agony
marbles from Egina (now in Munich), has been so breaks out upon his forehead, he bites deep into the
treated as to bring out the details of the armor and wood, but never groans nor shrinks. Before the
weapons of the Trojan time,----swords, spears, axes, | dawn his fierce spirit has taken its flight, and the
shields, and weapons of every sort, from Greece, squaws are crooning his death-chant by his side.”


294
[Jan.,
THE DIAL
The volume is tastefully bound and well illustrated, whole brood of delicate thoughts, fancies, and re-
and contains, in addition to the campaign sketches, flections arise and cluster around it and us with
three short stories in the author's familiar vein. their subtle indefinable grace. It is not too much
An elementary history of Indian literature has
to say of Mr. Mabie, as Saintsbury has said of
Hazlitt, “ He is a born man of letters, and cannot
long been needed, and the want is now supplied in
the manual prepared by Mrs. Elizabeth B. Reed.
help turning everything he touches into literature.”
The work is entitled “ Hindu Literature; or, The ANOTHER volume of essays in a similar vein as
Ancient Books of India ” (Griggs), and, without those of Mr. Mabie is Mr. E. Conder Gray's
being a work of original scholarship, is a careful 6 Making the Best of Things” (Putnam). But
compilation of the results obtained by the last half-
the nameless spell of Mr. Mabie is absent in Mr.
century of fruitful investigation. Mrs. Reed is Gray. It is not that his book is dull, nor lacking
evidently familiar with the best English work done in worthy thoughts, nor without a certain value for
in this field, and makes a judicious use of the writ-
eld, and makes a judicious use of the writ- | a large variety of apt quotations ; but it seems the
ings of Wilson, Müller, and Monier-Williams. The work of an artisan rather than an artist. Almost
book is, of course, far more elementary, besides be anyone, if so minded, could, we should think, pro-
ing more limited in its scope, than Weber's history duce such a book, provided he should for a suf-
of the subject, and is prepared for a different class ficient length of time keep a commonplace-book, or
of readers. Its scope, in fact, only includes the file his notes of the books he reads. For example,
Vedic literature and the epics, nothing being said of in the chapter called “ Falling in Love" not only
the drama, of the great body of Buddhist literature, | are there brief illustrative citations from Shake-
or of the work done by the later Sanskrit writers speare, Tennyson, George Meredith, Leland, Mat-
in grammar, philosophy, and criticism. On the thew Browne, Dante, and others, but Browning's
other hand, the Vedic literature, including the Up poem of “ Evelyn Hope” is given in full with the
anishads and the Puranas, is fully analyzed and de exception of the first stanza, closely followed by
scribed; the epics and the legislation of Manu are a long extract from Longfellow's - Courtship of
treated at considerable length, and there are care Miles Standish” and another from Vere Clavering's
fully written chapters upon the subjects of cosmogony novel of “ Barcaldine.” Still there are doubtless
and metempsychosis. The chapter upon Krishna many who will relish the not unwholesome ragout
has been revised by Professor Monier-Williams, and
served in this book.
other portions of the work have had the benefit of
Professor Max Müller's authoritative criticism. So
A USEFUL and compact little “ Handbook of
the work comes to us with an authority not often
Historic Schools of Painting,” by D. L. Hoyt of
possessed by compilations of the sort, and, as far as
the Massachusetts Normal Art School, is published
| by Ginn & Co. The author's aim is to give in a
we have been able to observe, its statements of fact
are in accordance with the results obtained by the
simple and condensed form some general knowl.
most advanced scholarship. A characteristic feature
edge of the great historic schools of painting, their
of the work is found in the abundance of passages
characteristics, chief artists, and some of the most
translated and introduced for the purpose of illus-
noted paintings of each. The present condition
tration.
of painting in the different schools is also briefly
touched upon ; and at the close of the book are to
THERE is perhaps no more delightful experi-
be found a list of the emblems by which different
ence in life than to listen to the conversation of a
saints and other characters in old religious paint-
trained scholar or man of letters in his own study,
ings may be known, definitions of technical art
when the company is small (if only one-to-one so
terms, and an index of artists' names together
much the better), when he is without thought of
with their proper pronunciation. This little man-
the public, and is under no obligation to be exhaust-
ual seems to us careful and accurate so far as it
ive or consecutive. Scarcely second to the pleas-
goes, and should be especially useful to lay readers
ure of such a personal meeting is the reading of a
who desire a decent knowledge of historic art, and
book which gives the impression of similar con-
| lack courage or time to attack the voluminous
ditions,-a full mind loving to talk and sure of the
works of Lübke and Kügler.
sympathy of his listeners. We feel this charm in
Charles Lamb nearly always, in James Russell | Messrs. MACMILLAN & Co. issue in a well-
Lowell very often, in William Hazlitt in his occa printed volume of 230 pages the “ Tale of Troy,”
sional informal moods; and now we have a new done into English by Aubrey Stewart, M.A., Late
volume of essays worthy to be named even with Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. This little
these, My Study Fire" ( Dodd ) by Hamilton book, containing a compact, clearly-told narrative
Wright Mabie. There are thirty-two chapters, of the chief events from the carrying off of Helen
the special headings of which are of small conse to the fall of Troy, should prove both interesting
quence. For let the subject be what it may and instructive to young readers ; and may even
“ The Fire Lighted," "A Text from Sidney,” “ The serve, in a small way, as a royal road to Homeric
Cuckoo Strikes Twelve,” or even anything so com learning for those who lack taste or opportunity to
monplace as "A New Hearth,”—immediately a ' go to the fountain-head.


1891.]
295
THE DIAL
BOOKS OF THE MONTH.
Tales by Coppéa. Ten Tales translated by Walter Larned.
With 50 pen-and-ink drawings by Albert E. Sterner, and
[The following list includes all books received by THE DIAL an Introduction by Brander Matthews. 16mo, pp. 219,
during the month of December, 1890.]
uncut. Harper & Bros. $1.25.
Seven Dreamers. By Annie Trumbull Slosson. With
ARCHÆOLOGY.
Frontispiece. 12mo, pp. 281. Harper & Bros. $1.25.
The Finding of Wineland the Good: The History of the
Patience. By Anna B. Warner, author of “ Dollars and
Cents." iomo, pp. 412. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.25.
Icelandic Discovery of America. Edited and translated
A Successful Man. By Julien Gordon, author of "A Dip-
from the Earliest Records, by Arthur Middleton Reeves.
lomat's Diary.” 16mo, pp. 181. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.
Illustrated with phototype plates of the Vellum MSS. of
The Elixir, and Other Tales. By Georg Ebers, author of
the Sagas. 4to, pp. 205, uncut, gilt top. London: Henry
"Margery." Translated by Mrs. Edward Hamilton Bell.
Frowde. Half-vellum, $11.00.
Fingals Cave, in the Island of Staffa: An Historical, Ar-
Authorized edition, with Portrait, 24mo, pp. 261. W. S.
Gottsberger & Co. 90 cents.
chæological, and Geological Examination, Illustrated, | Harper's Franklin Square Library-New volumes : The
8vo, pp. 19. Robert Clarke & Co. 75 cents.
Wonderful Adventures of Phra the Phænician, by Edwin
HISTORY-BIOGRAPHY.
Lester Arnold, illustrated, 50 cents ; Marcia, by W. E.
Norris, 40 cents.
The Greek World Under Roman Sway, from Polybius to Lovell's International Series, New volumes : Heart of
Plutarch. By J. P. Mahaffy, author of “Social Life in
Gold, by L. T. Meade; The Sloane Square Scandal and
Greece." 12mo, pp. 418, uncut. Macmillan & Co. $:3.00.
A. M. Mackay, Pioneer Missionary of the Church Missionary
other Stories, by Annie Thomas (Mrs. Pender Cudlip);
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and Death, by Frank Barrett; Alas ! by Rhoda Brough-
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ton; Dramas of Life, by George R. Sims ; The House of
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LITERARY MISCELLANY.
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The Writings of George Washington. Collected and der. Each volume, 50 cents.
edited by Worthington Chauncey Ford. In 14 vols. Vol. Lovell's Westminster Series -New volumes: Work while
VIII., 1779-1780. Royal 8vo, pp. 308, uncut, gilt top. Ye Have the Light, translated from the Russian of Count
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $.3.00.
Lyof N. Tolstoi, by E. J. Dillon ; A Black Business, by
Curiosities of the American Stage. By Laurence Hut Hawley Smart ; He Went for a Soldier, by John Strange
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Le Beau Sabreur, by Annie Thomas: A Very Young
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The Philosophy of Fiction: An Essay. By Daniel Green | Worthington's Rose Library-New volume : One of Cle-
leaf Thompson, author of "Social Progress.” 12mo, pp. opatra's Nights, and other Romances, by Theophile Gau-
924. Longmans, Green & Co. $1.50.
tier, translated by Lafcadio Hearn, illustrated by J. M.
Life. By M. J. Savage. 12mo, pp. 237. Geo. H. Ellis. $1. Gleeson, 50 cents.
The Lady from the Sea, and other Plays. By Henrik Ib Lovell's American Authors' Series --New volumes : By
sen. Translated by Clara Bell. 16mo, pp. 520. Lovell's Whose Hand ? by Edith Sessions Tupper; On the Heights
“Series of Foreign Literature." Paper, 50 cents.
of Himalay, by A. Van Der Naillen. Each volume, 50c.
Lippincott's Select Novels -- New volumes : The Other
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author. 8vo, pp. 142. George Routledge & Sons. $2.50.
The Lion's Cub, with Other Verse. By Richard Henry
TRAVEL
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| Royal Edinburgh: Her Saints, Kings, Prophets, and Poets.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25.
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Rose Brake. Poems by Danske Dandridge, author of "Joy, Cassell Pub'g Co. $2.50.
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Selections from the Poetical Works of Robert Browning : F.R.S. Illustrated, 8vo, pp. 455, Macmillan & Co. $3.50.
A Pocket Volume. Sm. crown 8vo, pp. 319. London: Strolls by Starlight and Sunshine. By W. Hamilton
Smith, Elder & Co. 40 cents.
Gibson, author of "Pastoral Days." Illustrated by the
The Franklin Square Song Collection, Number 7: Songs
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Through Magic Glasses, and other Lectures : A Sequel to
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Widow Guthrie. A Novel. By Richard Malcolm John- | Hindu Literature: or, The Ancient Books of India. By
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Appleton & Co. $1.30.
English Prose from Elizabeth to Victoria (1580-1880). Chosen
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A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud, Babli, and
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lustrated, 16mo, pp. 92. A. D. F. Randolph & Co. 60c. Putnam's Sons. Boards, per part, $2.00.
Co.
$1.95


296
[Jan.,
THE DIAL
LADIES' STATIONERY.
| ple would use no Stationery but Imported
and ‘Distaff,' are as popular as their fin-
RELIGION-THEOLOGY.
The Evidence of Christian Experience. Being the Ely
Lectures for 1890. By Lewis French Stearns. 12mo, pp.
473. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.00.
My Note-Book: Fragmentary Studies in Theology, and Sub A few years ago, our fashionable peo-
jects Adjacent thereto. By Austin Phelps, D.D. With
portrait, 16mo, pp. 324. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
Indications of the Book of Genesis. By Edward B.
Latch, author of " A Review of the Holy Bible." 12mo, goods. The American styles and makes
pp. 409. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50.
The Evolution of Immortality; or, Suggestions of an In did not come up to what they required.
dividual Immortality. By C. T. Stockwell. 3d edition,
with Appendix. 16mo, pp. 104. C. H. Kerr & Co, 60 cts.
| Messrs. Z.& W.M. CRANE set to work
Deacon Herbert's Bible-Class. By James Freeman Clarke.
32mo, pp. 138. George H. Ellis. 50 cents.
to prove tbat as good or better goods could
JUVENILES.
The Red Fairy Book. Edited by Andrew Lang. Illus-
be made in this country as abroad. How
trated by H.J. Ford and Lancelot Speed. 12mo, pp. 367,
gilt edges. Longmans, Green & Co. $2.00.
well they have succeeded is shown by the
Young Folks' Cyclopædia of Games and Sports.
By John D. Champlin, Jr., and Arthur E. Bostwick. II- fact that foreign goods are now scarcely
lustrated, 8vo, pp. 831. Henry Holt & Co. $2.50.
Crowded Out o’ Crofield; or, The Boy Who Made His quoted in the market, wbile CRANE'S
Way. By W.0. Stoddard. Illustrated, 12mo, pp. 261.
D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
goods are staple stock with every dealer of
King Tom and the Runaways: The Story of What Befell
Two Boys in a Georgia Swamp. By Louis Pendleton, ally pretensions. This firm bas doile
author of “In the Wire Grass." Illustrated, 12mo, pp.
273. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
much during the past two or three years
Little He and She. By Grace Denio Litchfield, author of
“Criss-Cross." Illus., 4to, pp. 175. D. Lothrop Co. $1.50,
to produce a taste for dead-finish Papers,
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and to-day their brands of 'Grecian An-
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tique,' "Parchment Vellum,' 'Old-style,'
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est ‘Satin Finish' goods. The name for
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trated, 16mo, pp. 244. Roberts Bros. $1.25.
Changing Base; or, What Edward Rice Learned at School. their Envelopes, which match each style
By William Everett, author of "Double Play." Illus-
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and size of Paper, are high-cut pattern,
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iam Everett, author of “Double Play." Illustrated,
so that the gum cannot come in contact
16mo, pp. 297. Roberts Bros. $1.25.
Prince Dimple and His Everyday Doings. Told for the
with a letter enclosed, during sealing.
Little Ones by Mrs. George A. Paull (Minnie E Kenney).
Illustrated, 12mo, pp. 129. A. D. F. Randolph & Co. $1.25
History of My Pets. By Grace Greenwood, author of “Sto-
ries of My Childhood."
A full line of these Standard Goods is kept
New edition, illustrated, 12mo,
pp. 22. U.S. Book Co. $1.00. .
constantly in stock by A. C. McClurg & Co.,
Stories of My Childhood, and Other Tales. By Grace
Greenwood, author of " History of My Pets." New edi Wabash Ave. and Madison St., Chicago.
tion, illustrated, 12mo, pp. 249. U.S. Look Co. $1.00.
Pards: A Story of Two Homeless Boys. By Effie W. Mer-
TO AUTHORS.–The New York BUREAU OF REVISION
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I gives critical opinions on manuscripts of all kinds, edits
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them for publication, and offers them to publishers. Send
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stamp to Dr. Coax for prospectus at 20 West 14th St., New
MISCELLANEOUS.
York City.
Good Living: A Practical Cookery-Book for Town and
Country. By Sarah Van Buren Brugière. Svo, pp. 780.
Through Vestibuled and Colonist Sleepers
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.25.
Society As I Have Found It. By Ward McAllister. With Between Chicago and Tacoma, Wash.,
Portrait. 8vo, pp. 469. Cassell Publishing Co. $2.00.
The Illustrated Gamekeeper at Home. Sketches of Nat-
and Portland, Ore.
ural History and Rural Life. By Richard Jefferies, au-
thor of "The Amateur Poacher." New edition, illus THE WISCONSIN CENTRAL and NORTHERN PACIFIC
trated, 12mo, pp. 221. Roberts Bros. $1.50.
Millionaires of a Day: An Inside History of the Great
1 lines run through Pullman Vestibuled and Colonist
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12mo, pp. 208. Fords, Howard & Hulbert. $1.00. land, Ore. The train known as the “ Pacific Express"
A Dream of a Modest Prophet. By M. D. Leggett. 16mo,
leaves the Grand Central Passenger Station, at the cor-
pp. 207. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.00,
Hermetic Philosophy. Designed for Students of the Her-
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ers, etc., apply to GEC. K. THOMPSON, City Passenger
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and Ticket Agent, 205 Clark Street ; or to F. J. Evdy,
[Any book in this list will be mailed to any address, post-paid, Depot Ticket Agent, Grand Central Passenger Station,
on receipt of price by Messrs. A. C. MCCLURG & Co., Chicago.] I corner Fifth Avenue and Harrison street, Chicago, Ill.


1891.]
297
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A DIRECTORY OF
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MISSOURI.
Kansas City M. H. Dickinson & Co.
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Moberley . Mrs. E. S. Haines.


298
[Jan., 1891.
THE DIAL
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FOR THE YEAR 1891,
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1891.]
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" A perfect storehouse of interesting things, grave and gay, political, philosophical, literary,
social, witty.”—London TIMES.
OF
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The above Books for sale by all book sellers, or sent on receipt of advertised price.
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 743-745 BROADWAY, New YORK.


1891.]
305
THE DIAL
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Macmillan & Co.'s New Publications.
JUST
JUST PUBLISHED.
Royal 4to, 3-4 levant morocco, gilt edges. Price, $50.00 net.
RELICS OF THE ROYAL HOUSE OF STUART.
Illustrated by a series of Forty Plates in Colors, drawn from Relics of the Stuarts by WILLIAM GIBB.
With an Introduction by John SKELTON, C.B., LL.D., and Descriptive Notes by W. St. John HOPE,
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** The idea of this volume originated at the time of the Stuart Exhibition in London. The book, a sumpt-
uous royal 4to, consists of forty beautiful drawings by Mr. William Gibb of Edinburgh, reproduced in the finest
style of lithographic art by Messrs. Maclagan & Cumming, who reproduced Mr. Gibbs's drawings of musical
instruments in the handsome volume published some years ago by Messrs. A. & C. Black. Mr. Gibbs has made
the drawings entirely from the objects themselves.
Edinburgh).'s draw ich robos has
Mrs. Oliphant's New Book. Profusely Illustrated. | New Edition. Uniform with “ The Treasury of Sacred
Royal Edinburgh:
Song.” 12mo, $2.50.
HER SAINTS, KINGS, AND SCHOLARS. By Mrs. Oli-
The Golden Treasury
PHANT, author of “Makers of Florence," "Makers of Ven- Of the Best Songs and Lyrical Poems in the English
ice," etc. With Illustrations by GEORGE REID, R.S.A. Language. Selected and arranged, with Notes, by FRANCIS
Crown 8vo edition, cloth, gilt, $3.00.
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Bible Stories.
Selected from the English Lyrical Poetry of Four Cen-
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Illustrated by Howard Pyle.
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MACMILLAN & CO., Publishers, 112 Fourth Avenue, New YORK.


306
[Feb., 1891.
THE DIAL
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THE CHANDOS CLASSICS.
A Series of over ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY VOLUMES OF STANDARD WORKS
in Poetry, History, Biography, and General Literature.
Many volumes in this Series are particularly suited for use as advanced or supplementary readers, or for Literature Classes
in High Schools, Private Schools, and Colleges. Ask your bookseller, or send a postal card for a detailed list of the Series.
In a neat and effective Library binding, edges untrimmed, bound in smooth blue linen, boards, white title-labels, at a
uniform price of SEVENTY-FIVE CENTS PER VOLUME.
Or, in “Roxburgh ”style cloth binding, leather labels, gilt top, trimmed edges, price ONE DOLLAR PER VOLUME.
THE FOLLOWING ARE SOME OF THE VOLUMES IN THIS SERIES :
History of the War in the Peninsula The Poets of the Nineteenth Cen- Half-Hours with the Best Authors.
and in the South of France, from the tury. Selected and edited by the Rev. / Including biographical and critical no
year 1807 to the year 1814. By Major- 1 Robt. Aris Willmott. Illustrated with tices by Charles Knight. New revised
General W. F. P. Napier, C.B. With 130 original engravings.
edition. 4 vols.
notes, and 55 maps and plans. In 6 vols. The Adventures of Gil Blas. By Le Half-Hours of English History. Se-
The Works of Horace. The Odes, Sage. Translated from the French, lections from the great historical wri-
Epodes, Satires, and Epistles. Trans with notes and illustrations.
ters, from the Roman period to Queen
lated by the most eminent English The Travels and Surprising Adven- |
Victoria. Edited by Charles Knight.
Scholars and Poets.
tures of Baron Munchausen. Illus- |
4 vols.
The Spectator, Selected Essays from. trated with 37 curious engravings from
Walton and Cotton's Angler. A new
Introduction and notes by A.C. Ewald. | the Baron's own designs, and 5 wood-
edition, with notes, by G. Christopher
The Tattler. Selected Essays. Introduc-
cuts by George Cruikshank.
Davies, and illustrations selected from
Major's beautiful edition, etc.
tion and notes by A. C. Ewald, F.S.A. Plutarch's Lives. 4 vols. (Langhome's
Edgar Allan Poe's Poems and Es translation revised and modernized).
Fugitive Poetry of the Last Three
Centuries. A valuable collection of
says on Poetry, etc., and his narra- Southey's Life of Nelson.
anonymous poetry, sacred and secular,
tive of Arthur Gordou Pym. Edited by Lord Bacon's Essays. Including his
John H. Ingram. New memoir, notes. | Moral and Historical Works, Advance-
and translations, gathered from many
sources. By J. C. Hutchinson.
The Ingoldsby Legends. By the Rev. ment of Learning, New Atlantis, etc.,
Pepys' (Samuel) Diary, 1659-1669. Ed-
R. H. Barham. With Life. Illustrated with memoir, notes, and glossary.
ited by Lord Brabrooke.
by Cruikshank and Leech.
A Century of Anecdote. A collection
The Percy Anecdotes. 4 vols. (A ver of the best modern anecdotes of court,
Evelyn's (John) Diary, 1641-1705-6.
batim reprint of the original edition.) | fashionable, and political life, men of
Edited by William Bray, Esq.
With a preface by John T'imbs, F.S.A. letters, lawyers, eccentric persons, etc.,
The Works of Virgil. With Index
The Poems and Ballads of Schiller. from George Selwyn to Coleridge, Syd-, and Life. Trans. by John Dryden.
With memoir. Trans. by Lord Lytton.
ney Smith, and Rogers. By John The Decline and Fall of the Roman
Timbs, F.S.A.
The Fables of Pilpay (or Bidpaï). With
Empire. By Edward Gibbon. In A
notes. Revised edition. Illustrated.
The Book of French Songs. Trans vols. Verbatim reprint.
lated by John Oxenford. Including The History of England, from the in-
The Shah-Nameh (of the Persian poet, Costello's Lays of the Troubadours.
vasion of Julius Cæsar to the abdica-
Firdausi). Translated by James Atkin- ! Finely illustrated.
tion of James II., 1688. By David
son. Edited by Rev. J. A. Atkinson, The Koran. The Alkoran of Moham- ' Hume, Esq. A new edition, with the
Canon of Manchester.
med. Translated into English from author's last corrections. In 6 vols.
The Iliad of Homer. Translated by the original Arabic, with explanatory The Works of the elder D'Israeli :
Alex. Pope, with notes by Rev. T. A. || notes and a preliminary discourse. By
The Curiosities of Literature, in 3 vols.
Buckley, M. A., F.S. A. Illustrated George Sale.
Literary Character of Men of Genius,
with Flaxman's designs.
White's Natural History of Selborne.
1 vol. Calamities and Quarrels of Au-
Odyssey of Homer. Same as above.
Edited, with notes, by G. Christopher thors, 1 vol. Amenities of Literature,
Every-day Book of Modern Litera Davies, and profusely illustrated.
2 vols.; or complete in 7 vols.
ture. A series of short readings from The Constitutional History of En- The Romance of History (j vols.):
the best authors. Edited by George
gland. From Edward I. to Henry
ENGLAND. By Henry Neale.
H. Townsend. 2 vols.
VII. By Henry Hallam. And The
FRANCE. By Leitch Ritchie.
The Poems and Essays of Charles
Constitution of England. By J. L.
ITALY. By C. Macfarlane.
De Lolme.
Lamb.
SPAIN. By Don T. De Trueba.
Tales from Shakespeare. By Charles
| Beauties of German Literature. As
INDIA. By Rev. Hobart Caunter.
and Mary Lamb. With illustrations.
exemplified by the works of Pichler,
Romantic stories based on historical facts.
Richter, Zschokke, and Tierck. With
The Romance of London. Supernat-|
biographical notices.
Roscoe's Novelists (German, Spanish,
ural stories, sights, and shows, strange
Adventures of Don Quixote de la
and Italian). In 3 vols. Translated
adventures and remarkable persons.
Mancha. Translated from the Span-
from the originals by Thomas Roscoe.
By John Timbs, F.S.A.
With notes.
ish by Motteux. New revised edition.
Romance of London. With historical
| The Book of Authors.
Lives of Eminent Novelists and Dra-
A collection
sketches, remarkable duels, notorious
highwaymen, rogueries, crimes and
matists. By Sir Walter Scott.
of criticisms, ana, mots, personal de
scriptions, etc., referring to English
punishments, and love and marriage.
Essays on Chivalry, Romance, and
men of literature in every age. By W.
By John Timbs, F.S.A.
the Drama. By Sir Walter Scott.
Clark Russell.
Johnson's Lives of the Poets. With
The Saracens: Their History, and the
Representative Actors. A collection
critical observations on their works,
Rise and Fall of their Empire. By
of criticisms, anecdotes, personal de
etc., and sketch of the author's life by
Edward Gibbon and Simon Ockley.
i scriptions, etc., referring to many cele-
Sir Walter Scott.
The Vision of Dante. Hell, Purgatory, brated actors from the sixteenth to the
Life and Letters of Edward Gibbon. and Paradise. Tran, by Rev. H. F.Cary present century.
Autobiographic memoirs of Gibbon, Percy's Reliques of Ancient Poetry. 'Dr. Syntax's Three Tours. In search
the historian. With his History of the Consisting of old heroic ballads, songs, of the picturesque, of consolation, of a
Crusades. Indexed.
etc. Edited by Edward Walford, M.A. I wife. With colored illustrations.
Of all Booksellers, or mailed free, on receipt of price, by the Publishers,
FREDERICK WARNE & COMPANY, No. 3 Cooper Union, New York.


THE DIAL
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- - - - -- - - ----
Vol. XI. FEBRUARY, 1891. No. 130. agement by the Executive as to the evolution
of events themselves. The most important
- -- ------- - --- -- - -- - - - - - - - - - -
foreign question was that of trade, for upon
CONTENTS.
a happy settlement of commercial relations
MADISON AND COMMERCIAL RESTRICTION. with England and France, peace with those
· Henry W. Thurston ........... 307 | countries would be assured and domestic pros-
STUDIES IN ENGLISH LITERATURE. Oliver | perity and unity would follow. Mr. Adams
Farrar Emerson ............ 309devotes nearly the whole of Volumes V. and
ODES FROM THE GREEK DRAMATISTS. M. L. I
VI. to this matter.
D'Ooge
il May 1, 1810, Congress passed what is known
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
RECENT BOOKS OF POETRY. William Morton
as Macon's Bill No. 2, which authorized - the
President, in case either Great Britain or
Payne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
France shall, before the 3d day of March next,
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ......... 318
so revoke or modify her edicts as that they shall
Aline Delano's The Autobiography of Anton Rubin-
stein.-Lee's The Microtomist's Vade-Mecum.--Mrs. cease to violate the neutral commerce of the
Cary's Désirée, Queen of Sweden and Norway. United States, to prohibit intercourse with
The Love Letters of a Portuguese Nun.-Sainte-
the nation which had not revoked its edicts."
Amand's Famous Women of the French Court.-
Swift's Gulliver's Travels, and other Works. Sociol This bill, says Mr. Adams, “ marked the last
ogy.-Jefferie's Gamekeeper. --Cook's Sidney's De-
stage toward the admitted failure of commer-
fence of Poesy.-Reed's Bacon vs. Shakespeare.-Ba-
conian Facts.- Ellwanger's The Story of My House.
cial restrictions as a substitute for war.” The
BOOKS OF THE MONTH .......... 321
Embargo and Non-intercourse bill were the two
first measures in the series.
- - --- - - -
- - - - - -----
When Napoleon received a copy of Macon's
MADISON AND COMMERCIAL RESTRICTION.* bill, he dictated what is known as Cadore's
James Madison, when he took the Presiden-
letter of August 5, 1810, which declared that
tial oath of office, March 4, 1809, entered into
after November 1 his Berlin and Milan decrees
a full inheritance of the American political es-
would cease to have effect, provided that En-
tate as Thomas Jefferson left it. How many
gland revoked her “Orders in Council," or
and how great the political and diplomatic lia-
the United States caused their rights to be re-
bilities of this estate were, and how severely
spected by the English. “ No phraseology
they taxed the resources of the President, are
could have more embarrassed Madison," says
clearly shown in Volumes V.-IX. of the “ His-
Mr. Adams; while, as Napoleon had remarked
tory of the United States," by Henry Adams.
to Montalivet a few days before, “ it is evident
The United States was at issue with Spain
that we commit ourselves to nothing." C'a-
in regard to west Florida ; with England, im-
dore's letter of May 5 was Napoleon's word to
pressment, spoliation claims, and commercial
Madison, through General Armstrong; but on
restriction were grave causes of disagreement;
the same day his secret decree in France was
upon France, governed by Napoleon, no de-
to confiscate all American ships that had en-
pendence could with safety be placed; and
tered French ports between May 20, 1809, and
worst of all, the President's own country, as
May 1, 1810; and all ships from the United
yet but little more than a confederation of
States entering French ports between August
factions represented too often by selfish or in-
5 and November 1, 1810, were forbidden to
competent men, seemed utterly incapable of
discharge their cargoes without a license.
united or patriotic action. That Madison,
Although he had had every reason to dis-
after eight years of perplexity and repeated
trust the Emperor, Madison acted at first as
failure, was able to hand over the national
if he believed him honest, and tried to secure
estate perfectly solvent and unified to a degree
from England the repeal of her - Orders in
hitherto unknown, is shown by Mr. Adams's
Council,” on the ground that Napoleon's de-
History to be due not so much to wise man-
crees were withdrawn. England refused, on the
ground that they were not withdrawn. After
* HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA during
the Administrations of James Madison. By Henry Adamıs.
this refusal, Madison, as authorized by Macon's
In five volumes. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. bill, issued a proclamation of non-intercourse


308
[Feb.,
THE DIAL
with England, which afterward did much to the humiliating and ridiculous events connected
bring on war ; thus basing his hostility to that with the sack of Washington and the flight of
country on a false assumption that France was the President and his Cabinet, are contrasted
friendly to the United States. Only when it with the wisely planned and bravely won bat-
was too late did the President fully realize that tles of Plattsburgh and New Orleans. The
he had been duped by the Emperor.
last volume announces peace, describes wise
The pitiable makeshifts and false positions legislation, and concludes with chapters on
to which Madison was forced, in consequence “ Economical Results,” “ Religious and Politi-
of his mistake, are shown by Mr. Adams with cal Thought," - Literature and Art,” and
startling clearness; and for the sake of the American Characters.” A complete index
reader's belief in the honesty and statesman- to all the volumes, covering one hundred and
ship of some of the men of that time one could twenty-four pages, closes the work.
wish that the historian had not so emphasized Mr. Adams is always clear and interesting,
the mistakes of the administration. One mis- but clearness and interest are perhaps some-
take after another, from the unfortunate set times gained at the expense of perfect truth.
tlement with the English minister, Erskine, to To illustrate: When Joel Barlow went, in
the final rupture with England and the luke September, 1811, as American minister to
warm conduct and support of the war of 1812, Paris, he was instructed to act upon the as-
is forced upon the reader's attention. Galla sumption that France had changed her system
tin's management of the treasury, Adams's of commercial restriction. Says Mr. Adams :
mission to Russia, and the brilliant naval vic | “Of all the caprices of politics, this was the most
tories of the United States navy, which last | improbable,- that at the moment when the Czar of
were in no way due to the wisdom and fore-
Russia and the King of Sweden were about to risk
their thrones and to face certain death and ruin of vast
sight of the administration, are almost the only
numbers of their people in order to protect American
light shades in the dark picture. “ Napoleon's ships from the Berlin and Milan Decrees, the new min-
Triumph,” “ Executive Weakness," " Legisla ister of the United States appeared in Paris authorized
tive Impotence," " Incapacity of Government,”
to declare that the President considered those decrees
“ Government by Proclamation," " Discord,”
to be revoked and their system no longer in force."
“ Executive Embarrassments,” and the like,
Probably the author himself does not intend
form headings for some of the separate chapters.
to claim that Russia and Sweden went to war
No doubt if the right thing had always been
with France simply as champions of the United
done, war with England would have been de-
States, but the statement above given is no-
clared much before June, 1812, American fac-
where sufficiently qualified.
tions would have been harmonized, patriotism
As an example of the author's vivid style,
would have been aroused, Napoleon would have
and his power to group events far apart in
been understood and his plans thwarted, and
space but close together in time and in signifi-
the President's cabinet would have worked to-
cance, the following will serve :
gether without jealousy. But it was not an
« The Orders in Council were abandoned at West-
minster June 17; within twenty-four hours at Wash-
easy thing, in face of all the difficulties that
ington war was declared ; and forty-eight hours later
beset Madison and his advisers, to see the right Napoleon, about to enter Russia, issued the first bulle-
thing at all times and to do it. It is right for | tin of his Grand Army.”
a historian to describe things as they are, no No author could well be more diligent than
matter how dark the picture; but the difficul Mr. Adams in the examination of material, nor
ties to be overcome should also be described more successful than he in the arrangement of
with equal clearness, and all honest effort, how what he had chosen in order to present a series
ever ineffectual, should be given due credit in of dramatic pictures of the period under con-
a judgment of the character of men.
sideration ; but one may well question whether
In Volume VII., the darkness begins to lift or not another, having had access to the same
a little. Armstrong as Secretary of War sources, would have found so little of which to
brings a semblance of vigor to that depart approve.
ment; Perry's victory on Lake Erie was not These five volumes close Mr. Adams's - His-
wholly a result of accident; Gallatin and tory." Taken as a whole, the work covers
Bayard were wisely chosen to go to St. Peters- the period of Jefferson's and Madison's admin-
burg to accept the Czar's offered mediation istrations as no previous history has covered
between England and the United States. Vol. it and as no future history need cover it.
ume VIII. also has brighter pictures, in which Mr. Adams is not a Hero-worshipper and he


1891.]
309
THE DIAL
-
_-_-_-- -
-
detects the faults and failures of public men cravings for beauty, for truth, and for good-
unerringly, but he has taken a broad view of ness ”; and that “the prime requisite of a
the whole field and has shown the relation be novel is that it shall interest." The sources
tween cause and effect in every quarter. of pleasure and pain are shown to be æsthetic,
Owing to the “undertone of detraction" scientific, and moral, and each of these is dis-
that runs through many of his chapters and cussed in a chapter. But it is difficult to sum-
his dramatic style of writing, which sometimes marize so good a book. It should be read
expresses what his own best judgment does carefully and thoughtfully. To be sure, it will
not sanction, Mr. Adams can hardly fail to be sometimes excite prejudice by the boldness of
severely criticised by those who lean toward its positions ; but it will allay them by well-
optimism and by those who demand judicial reasoned exposition. One of the most notable
accuracy in expression. But when all allow chapters is that on the great controversy of the
ances have been made, the fact remains that Realists and the Idealists. Full credit is given
Mr. Adams has carried out a worthy plan in to the realist for his exactness of observation,
a worthy manner.
his clearness of vision, his attention to details »
HENRY W. THURSTON. of art. But it is pointed out with equal force
that the realists themselves err, when their
method leads them to neglect the principle
STUDIES IN ENGLISH LITERATURE.* that " organic unity is the essence of realism."
No more important contribution to literary “We want the living being, not a lot of chopped
criticism has been made in recent years, than
fragments placed in contiguity.” “ The deep-
the essay of Daniel Greenleaf Thompson on est analysis, the most comprehensive synthesis,
" The Philosophy of Fiction.” It is clear-cut, are alike requisite.” Realism, it is suggested,
sensible (no mean praise), unprejudiced, sound.
" only endows us with a method to be used un-
It treats plainly, yet justly, questions which the
der the guidance of ideals.” It is helpful so v
novelists or their admirers can never handle far as it trains the observer, wholly wrong so
without showing the bias of a school. It is far as it tends to minimize the heroic and de-
never dogmatic, yet is convincing ; never vac-
stroy the plot-interest. Another chapter equally
illating, yet is just to each and every coterie of
keen and forcible is that which deals with art,
fiction-producers. The book contains chapters
morals, and science. Here the theories of the '
on “ The Office of Fiction," " Interest," "The malodorous “ naturalists" are punctured from
Scientific, Moral, and Æsthetic Value of Fic-| the philosophic standpoint; while the equally
tion," " Realism and Idealism,” - The Exhibi- | just criticism is made that America has a “pro-
tion of Power, Suffering, Love, Social Life,” vincial prudery,” as instanced by the exclusion
• The Comic,” etc. To these, which form the of " Roxy" from the library of Wellesley Col-
main body of the work, are added chapters on lege. Indeed, throughout the book there is
“ Art, Morals, and Science,” “ The Construc much plain-speaking not to be discredited, and
tion of a Work of Fiction," and " Criticism." much exceedingly suggestive criticism.
The first chapter is summarized in the state - The Makers of Modern English " is a
ment that fiction “ contributes to satisfy our badly-named book, as the title would be mis-
leading to many readers. Modern English
* THE PHILOSOPHY OF FICTION IN LITERATURE. By Daniel
Greenleaf Thompson. New York: Longmans, Green & Co.
was made by those who lifted a middle English
THE MAKERS OF MODERN English. A Popular Hand dialect from the obscurity of its fellows,—or,
book to the Greater Poets of the Century. By W. J. Dawson. it might be said with some appropriateness, by
New York: Thomas Whittaker.
those who first perfected the instrument thus
SELECTIONS IN ENGLISH PROSE, from Elizabeth to Victo-
ria-1580-1880. By James M. Garnett. Boston: Ginn & Co. formed; but in no sense could it refer to any
CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINES OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. By writer of the last two centuries. There are
Frederick Ryland. New York: Macmillan & Co.
some other points which might be criticised
SYNOPSIS OF ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE. By
G. T. Smith. Boston : Ginn & Co.
with equal reason. The introductory chapters
A GUIDE TO THE LITERATURE OF ÆSTHETICS. By Charles are not sufficiently explicit or accurate in trac-
Mills Gayley and Fred Newton Scott. Berkeley, Cal.: Uni- ing the beginnings of that reaction against the
versity of California Library Bulletin No. 11.
THE PRINCIPLES OF STYLE. By Fred N. Scott. Ann
artificial poetry of Pope which is the glory of
Arbor, Mich.: Register Publishing Co.
the last quarter of the eighteenth and the first
SKETCH OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF AMERICAN LITERATURE. quarter of the nineteenth centuries. There is
By Greenough White. Boston: Ginn & Co.
also too little reason why a book which gives
READING FOR THE YOUNG. A Classified and Annotated
Catalogue. By John F. Sargent. Boston: Library Bureau. / chapters to the poetry of Scott and Southey


310
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[Feb.,
--------
--- ---- - ----
should barely mention the much more import- ing references to American writers. Of these,
ant Cowper. But aside from these defects, Ryland's “ Chronological Outlines” is the most
the book has many excellent features. It is elaborate and comprehensive, having a two-fold
made up of essays on the poetry of Burns, By arrangement of the same matter. The first
ron, Shelley, Keats, Scott, Coleridge, Southey, part gives a strict chronological order, with
Wordsworth, Tennyson, Browning, with less references on the same page to foreign litera-
extended treatment of several other later poets. ture and history, as well as occasional annota-
The principal space is rightly given to Words tions. The second part arranges authors al-
worth, Tennyson, and Browning, the first of phabetically, with the dates of publication of
whom must always remain greatest of the Rev their works. The work seems to have been
olutionary poets, while the last two are clearly prepared with greater care than some of the
greatest in the period after the reaction had earlier books of similar purpose, and in the
fully asserted itself. The treatment of Words main the latest sources have been consultel.
worth will exemplify the whole work. There Somewhat strangely, American authors are
are chapters on the connection between his life given under “ Foreign Literature”; but this
and his poetry, on his view of Nature and Man, is rather a choice of evils, as the author points
on the patriotic and political poems, on per out in the Preface. Next in importance is the
sonal characteristics, besides the chapters on “ Chart of English Literature,” prepared by
the characteristics of his poetry. In all the Dr. MacLean. Its purpose is simpler than
criticism there is justness, and, what is equally that of the other, since it is, as its name indi-
important, an evident purpose to see the best cates, a chart reference only ; but it is prepared
from the standpoint of the poet criticised. The with care and ingenuity, to show the develop-
author has read with insight, and with appre ment of literature. It separates poetry and
ciative insight as well ; so that his essays well prose, giving valuable references to important
serve to introduce readers to the greatest num critical works, to the various phases as indi-
ber of great poets since the days of Shakes cated by the philosophic student of literature,
peare.
together with dates and historical notes. The
It is a favorable sign that the study of En “ Outlines” of Ryland and the Chart thus sup-
glish prose is on the increase. This is not plement each other, one presenting a bird's-eye
because poetry is less read or studied, but view, the other furnishing a cyclopædia. Pro-
because of an awakening to the wealth of our fessor MacLean omits American literature en-
prose literature. For this study, such a book tirely, it should be said,--no doubt to simplify
as Garnett's - English Prose" will be an im the outline. The last of the three tabular
portant aid. It is a volume of selections of works is a “ Synopsis of English and American
prose authors from Elizabeth to Victoria, the Literature,” for the use of schools. It does
list of thirty-three anthors beginning with John not give the older literature with any complete-
Lyly and ending with Carlyle. As the book ness, and its survey of American writers takes
is designed to accompany Minto's Manual of as much space as that of the great body of
Prose, no space is wasted in giving biographical English literary history. This does not indi-
notices or general criticism. These can be ob cate great regard for proportion, and the book
tained from almost any text-book or cyclopædia shows throughout somewhat superficial compi-
of English literature; and the bane of such lation. There are many other evidences of the
books heretofore has been, that the selections schoolmaster's rather than the scholar's work;
were too short to be of service. Professor Gar but the book will doubtless be found of use to
nett's book is to be commended especially for some who would be unable to use profitably
its care in this respect. The student has here, the more scholarly volume.
not criticism of English prose, good, bad, or Two reference pamphlets are the “ Guide to
indifferent, but English prose itself. This is the Literature of Esthetics” and “ The Prin-
easily read and studied, with some hope that i ciples of Style.” The first is a library bulle-
the student will feel the gradually increasing tin of the University of California. It is not
power of our prose literature. Another com complete in itself, as the compilers frankly
mendable feature is the reprinting from original admit, being based on the libraries of Califor-
texts, without the unnecessary and prejudicial nia and Michigan universities. But the work
** modernizing” of spelling.
is done with thoroughness and the classification
Three books in our list are chronological ta- is simple, so that the pamphlet will be service-
bles of English literature, two of them contain- | able for ready reference, and scholars will look


1891.]
311
THE DIAL
-
-
--
with interest to a continuation of the series. tury, and are done by such skilful interpreters
“ The Principles of Style” is made up of ref as Professor Kennedy, Miss Swanwick, Ernest
erences to various topics connected with Rhet- Myers, Dean Milman, A. W. Verrall, Mrs.
oric, together with suggestive notes. It aims Browning, Shelley, Lewis Campbell, and—not
to do away with the study of a single text-book, to mention them all — John H. Frere. Mr.
and substitute in its place the best available Gladstone and Oscar Wilde are represented
material from all sources. It is one of those each by one specimen. The editor has made
books which would be admirable in the hands his selections wisely in the main, yet many will
of a teacher, almost worthless without one. wonder why no room was made for a single
The “ Philosophy of American Literature". specimen from Plumptre, even at the cost of
is “ an attempt to prove the independent and omitting one of the five selections from Pro-
organic development” of our literature. This fessor Campbell's versions.
would seem to indicate that the philosopher It may well be doubted if any modern lan-
was more anxious to demonstrate than to in guage can show a finer version than Dean Mil-
vestigate, and this is occasionally evident man's rendering of the great choral ode at the
throughout the book. But notwithstanding, beginning of the “ Agamemnon.” Everyone
the author has made some interesting studies will be grateful for Thomas Love Peacock's
of the ideas and influences underlying the brilliant version of the ode from the “ Hippoly-
leading epochs of our literary development. tus,” given in the Appendix. Praed's ren-
There are three periods pointed out,—the dering of the chorus from the - Ajax” is re-
colonial, the eighteenth century, including the markable for its poetic beauty; and what can
years until our second war with England, and be more exquisite than Shelley's reproduction
the period since 1812. The brochure is by no of verses 511-520 from the “ Cyclops” of Eu-
means exhaustive, especially for the nineteenth ripides?
century writers, but as a sketch, and the first Possibly this book may raise the question,
one of its kind, it deserves more than a casual Why try to read the original, when such ad-
reading or a hasty judgment.
mirable translations into English can be so
" Reading for the Young" is what its name easily had ? To this inquiry this very book
implies, " a classified and annotated catalogue, suggests one of the answers. To appreciate a
with an alphabetical index.” It will be of great translation one must have some sense of the
service to librarians, for whom it is especially original,—which is only another way of saying
prepared ; while it may be profitably used by that a perfect and complete translation is an
teachers and parents. Especially to be com impossibility, and that the finer essence and
mended are the concise explanatory notes given bloom that escape the most skilful translator
with the book references.
are felt and apprehended only by the reader
OLIVER FARRAR EMERSON. of the original. It is doubtless for this reason
that the editor has put the Greek text on each
---- ---- - -- -
page face to face with each translation. To
ODES FROM THE GREEK DRAMATISTS.* aid the reader in seizing the aim and spirit
The purpose to gain a larger appreciation of the odes, the editor has added explanatory
for some of the choicest specimens of Greek | notes in which he briefly indicates the relation
literature is always praiseworthy, but especi-
of each chorus to the play in which it is found.
ally so when, as in the dainty volume before
Mr. Pollard has added greatly to the value
us, these specimens are some of the finest of
of his work by his Introduction, in which he
the choral odes of Greek tragedy and comedy.
gives an interesting sketch of the history of
For to these choral odes, in spite of difficul-
English verse translations of the Greek drama
ties of textual reading and interpretation, the
from the sixteenth century. Prior to 1640
scholar turns with unflagging interest as he
there had appeared no English translation of
recognizes in them the highest expression of
any play of Æschylus and Sophocles. Of the
Greek thought and feeling, the flower of the
“ Phænissæ” of Euripides, there was published
spirit of Greek poetry.
at Oxford, in 1593, an imitation under the
The versions given by Mr. Pollard were all name of " Iocasta.” The first important En-
made since the beginning of the present cen-
glish versions from the Greek tragedians date
from the beginning of the eighteenth century
* ODES FROM THE GREEK DRAMATISTS. Translated into
Lyric Metres by English Poets and Scholars. Edited by Alfred
This is in striking contrast with the popularit
W. Pollard. Chicago : A. C. McClurg & Co.
I of Homer, the translation of whose Epic b


312
THE DIAL
[Feb.,
hy of no resis, indeed, "Mr. Kiple, and app'the na-
Officialdom from
Tommy Atkins to him a rid-
= =
Chapman appeared between 1598 and 1616, to those of us who fancy that we understand
and of the Greek historians, parts of whose the Indian Empire. Considered in this latter
works were Englished before 1650. This aspect, they are very refreshing, for there is
sketch is supplemented by a Bibliography of no suspicion of the doctrinaire about them;
Translations of the Greek Dramatists into En- there is, indeed, much scorn of theorists and
glish Verse.
all their ways. Mr. Kipling knows Indian
The handsome appearance of this volume, officialdom from the inside, and appreciates
bound in vellum and printed on linen paper, the standpoint of Tommy Atkins and the na-
is a pleasant reminder of the beautiful edition tive alike. And the East is still to him a rid-
of Sappho by Wharton, which was published dle, simple as it appears to the mind of the
in similar style a few years ago. Ori xalov member of parliament who has never been
φίλον αεί is as true now as when Euripides there.
sang it in one of the choral odes of his “ Bac “You'll never plumb the Oriental mind,
chæ.” In this sentiment the publisher must
And if you did it isn't worth the toil.
Think of a sleek French priest in Canada;
certainly have his share.
€. M. L. D'OOGE.
Divide by twenty half-breeds. Multiply
By twice the sphinx's silence. There's your East,
And you 're as wise as ever. So am I."
RECENT BOOKS OF POETRY.*
These lines are taken from a harangue sup-
posed to be addressed by Lord Dufferin to
Mr. Rudyard Kipling's verses are sufficiently Lord Lansdowne, his vice-regal successor. It
amusing to while away an idle hour very accept- contains much satirical but sensible comment
ably, and sufficiently instructive to give pause on Indian affairs, and perhaps it might be
* DEPARTMENTAL DITTIES, Barrack-Room Ballads, and found more profitable than a Blue Book. But
other Verses. By Rudyard Kipling. New York: The United Mr. Kipling's main purpose is to depict, not
States Book Co.
BALLADS, By Robert Louis Stevenson. New York: Charles
to instruct. That it is a venturesome thing
Scribner's Sons.
to criticise the government or its functionaries
The Lion's Cub, with other Verse. By Richard Henry is very graphically illustrated by the story of
Stoddard. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Poems. By Emily Dickinson, Edited by Two of Her
Boanerges Blitzen :
Friends, Mabel Loomis Todd and T. W. Higginson. Boston: “Never young Civilian's prospects were so bright,
Roberts Brothers,
Till an Indian paper found that he could write :
A Psalm OF DEATHS, and other Poems. By S. Weir Never young Civilian's prospects were so dark,
Mitchell, M.D., LL.D., Harv. Boston: Houghton, Miffin & Co. When the wretched Blitzen wrote to make his mark.
Short FLIGHTS. By Meredith Nicholson. Indianapolis :
“Certainly he scored it, bold and black and firm,
The Bowen-Merrill Co.
In that Indian paper ---made his seniors squirm,
THE INVERTED TORCH. By Edith M. Thomas. Boston:
Quoted office scandals, wrote the tactless truth,
Houghton, Mittlin & Co.
Was there ever known a more misguided youth
PIERO DA CASTIGLIONE. By Stuart Sterne. Boston:
Houghton, Mithin & Co.
" When the Rag he wrote for praised his plucky game,
VERSES ALONG THE WAY. By Mary Elizabeth Blake. Boanerges Blitzen felt that this was Fame:
Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
When the men he wrote of shook their heads and swore,
SHADOWS AND IDEALs. Poems by Francis S. Saltus. Buff Boanerges Blitzen only wrote the more,
alo: Charles Wells Moulton.
Il Mio POEMA (Brani d'un Diario). Di Pietro Ridolfi-
"Posed as young Ithuriel, resolute and grim,
Till he found promotion did n't come to him ;
Bolognesi. Firenze: Coi Tipi dei Successori Le Monnier.
Till he found that reprimands weekly were his lot,
The BIRD AND THE BELL, and other Poems. By Chris-
And his many Districts curiously hot.
topher Pearse Cranch. Boston: Houghton, Mithin & Co.
Poems, By Edna Dean Proctor. Boston: Houghton, Mitilin • Till he found his furlough strangely hard to win,
& Co.
Boanerges Blitzen did n't care a pin :
REPRESENTATIVE SONNETS BY AMERICAN POETS, with an Then it seemed to dawn on him something was n't right-
Essay on the Somnet, Its Nature and History, including Many Boanerges Blitzen put it down to 'spite.'
Notable Sonnets from Other Literatures. Also Biographical
Notes, Indexes, etc. By Charles H. Crandall. Boston: 1
“ Languished in a District desolate and dry;
Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
Watched the Local Government yearly pass him by:
AMERICAN SONNETS. Selected and Edited by T. W. Hig-
Wondered where the hitch was; called it most unfair.
ginson and E. H. Bigelow. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
That was seven years ago - and he still is there."
POETICAL WORKS OF MATTHEW ARNOLD. New York :
Macmillan & Co.
This illustration is from the “ Departmental
SELECTIONS FROM THE POETICAL WORKS OF ROBERT
BROWNING. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
Ditties.” In the - Barrack-Room Ballads,"
SHAKESPEARE's POEMs. Edited, with Notes, by William the author writes from the standpoint and uses
J. Rolfe, Litt.D. New York: Harper & Brothers.
the language of Tommy Atkins. Tommy is
RUBAIYAT OF OMAR KHAYYAM, the Astronomer Poet of
Persia. Rendered into English Verse. New York: Macmil-
not always reverent, as appears from such
lan & Co.
verses as “ The Song of the Widow":


1891.)
313
THE DIAL
"'Ave you 'eard o' the Widow at Windsor
With a hairy gold crown on 'er ’ead:
She 'as ships on the foam, she ’as millions at 'ome,
An' she pays us poor beggars in red ";
but he is not without worlilly wisdom, as ap-
pears from his advice to “ The Young British
Soldier":
* Now, if you must marry, take care she is old-
A troop-sergeant's widow's the nicest, I'm told-
For beauty won't help if your vittles is cold,
An' love ain't enough for a soldier."
As for the - Other Verses” of the collection,
they are grave and rollicking by turns ; care-
less in construction, but abounding in spirit;
irresistible for the moment, but not often mem-
orable. There are some excellent parodies, and
a beautiful tribute to Lady Dufferin. For gen-
eral interest the volume easily heads our list.
The little volume of “ Ballads” which Mr.
Stevenson has put forth consists mainly of two
versified and rhymed Polynesian narratives,
one being of a popular and highly dramatic
Tahitian legend, and the other “a patchwork
of details of manners” from the Marquesas.
They are facile, fluent, and interesting. Three
other short poems, including the striking bal-
lad, “ Ticonderoga,” make up the remaining
contents of the volume.
The veteran poet to whom we owe “ The
Lion's ('ub, and other Verses," and whose
fine intelligent face adorns the frontispiece of
the volume, has always shown a marked taste
for Oriental themes and modes of feeling. The
titular poem, which is placed at the end of the
collection, is the old story of Sakuntala and the
lost ring, and is one of the most successful of
Mr. Stoddard's efforts. About balf of the
pieces in the volume are upon Persian, Arabic,
and Indian subjects, and they reproduce the
somewhat trifling graces of the Eastern man-
ner in a very effective way. Faults there are,
both of taste and of too obvious imitation—of
the former, in the title “ On Nearing the Sec-
ond Cataract,” and of the latter, in the string
of “ Rubaiyát” called - The Potter”—but in
the main the work is poetical and pleasing.
The versified thoughts of Marcus Aurelius are
as prettily done as could be. And even the
verses which obviously suggest other writers
have a grace of their own which is perhaps a
sufficient raison d'être. Witness “ The Ro-
sary," which so clearly recalls Emerson.
“I hold not one, but many creeds ;
I am the string, and they the beads.
What Buddha felt, and Plato thonght,
What Jesus and Mohammed tanght,
I know ; not what it is to Thee,
Thou Maker of the Rosary!”
The poems of Miss Emily Dickinson, col-
lected and edited by the care of two friends,
stand as far apart from ordinary verse as do
the flowers of the Monotropa—by a more than
happy thought chosen to decorate the cover-
from ordinary woodland blossoms. Colonel
Higginson, one of the editors, says : “ It is be-
lieved that the thoughtful reader will find in
these pages a quality more suggestive of the
poetry of William Blake than of anything to
be elsewhere found, flashes of wholly original
and profound insight into nature and life;
words and phrases exhibiting an extraordinary
vividness of descriptive and imaginative power,
yet often set in a seemingly whimsical or even
rugged frame.” The suggestion of Blake seems
to us very evident, how evident may be judged
from the following characteristic example of
Miss Dickinson's work:
"I died for beauty, but was scarce
Adjusted in the tomb,
When one who died for truth was lain
In an adjoining room.
" He questioned softly why I failed ?
For beauty,' I replied.
* And I for truth-the two are one;
We brethren are,' he said.
“And so, as kinsmen met a night,
We talked between the rooms,
Until the moss had reached our lips,
And covered up our names."
Such verses certainly justify the quoted char-
acterization. Their form is rugged, but, “when
a thought takes one's breath away," as Colonel
Higginson observes, merely formal defects do
not shock us. We must also find space for
the exquisite lines to - Indian Summer":
" These are the days when birds come back,
A very few, a bird or two,
To take a backward look.
“These are the days when skies put on
The old, old sophistries of June, -
A blue and gold mistake.
** Oh, fraud that cannot cheat the bee,
Almost thy plausibility
Induces my belief,
"Till ranks of seeds their witness bear,
And softly through the altered air .
Hurries a timid leaf.
"Oh, sacrament of summer days,
Oh, last communion in the haze,
Permit a child to join,
* Thy sacred emblems to partake,
Thy consecrated bread to break,
Taste thine immortal wine!":
Mr. Swinburne says, in his “ Study of
Shakspere,” that “the touch of a thought of
Cleopatra" seems to be sufficient to make the
greatest poets “rise instantly for awhile above


314
[Feb.,
THE DIAL
the very highest of their native height."
Something like this may be said, mutatis
mutandis, of the influence of Villon upon those
who have in any way taken him for a theme.
The most perfect piece of prose in the works
of Mr. Robert Louis Stevenson is that in which
he has pictured an imaginary episode in the
life of the “ sad bad glad mad” poet of the
Parisian slums; the best thing, to our mind,
that Dr. Weir Mitchell has yet done is the
poem called “ Master François Villon ” in his
recently published volume of verse. Since
Villon disappears from human sight in 1461,
his subsequent fortunes are left to conjecture,
and so Dr. Mitchell has imagined the story of
his death, a year or two later, under singularly
dramatic and pathetic circumstances. Briefly,
the poet is hired by a certain dull-witted lord
to write verses to his lady. Armed with these
verses, he woos her successfully, but, the trick
discovered, she turns from him, and the un-
known poet becomes instead the object of her
thoughts. In the mean time, the poet seeks
her out, and indites new songs to her. Find-
ing him under her window one moonlight night,
the furious husband calls upon him to draw,
and soon dispatches the obnoxious serenader.
But before this tragic conclusion, a colloquy
takes place between the two swordsmen, and
we may illustrate the poem by a few lines
taken from the last words of the doomed singer:
“Mark, my lord,
How sweet to-night the lilies. Pray afford
A moment yet to my life out of yours. Believe
A thing so strange you may not, nor conceive:
This woman, on the beauty of whose face
I never looked, nor shall, --whose virgin grace
I sold to you, -is mine while time endures.
Yea, for thy malady earth has no cures ;
A brute, a thief am I that caged this love.
A sodden poet! Some one from above
Looks on us both to-night; you nobly-born,
I in the sties of life. I do repent
In that I wronged this lady innocent.
But if you live or I, where'er she bide
One François Villon walketh at her side.
Kiss her! Your kiss? It will be I who kiss.!
Yea, every dream of love your life shall miss
I shall be dreaming ever!"
The author's treatment of his subject is very
suggestive of Browning, as the subject itself
is one that Browning would have delighted to
handle. And the snatches of song placed upon
Villon's lips are singularly faithful to the
spirit of Villon's own verse. The other poems
in Dr. Mitchell's volumes are refined and schol-
arly, but they do not rise to the level of this one.
Mr. Meredith Nicholson's "Short Flights”
consist of lyrics and sonnets upon love, nature,
and art, occasionally lapsing from judgment
and good taste, but mostly graceful and of
genuine feeling. The following verses, en-
titled “ Dieu Vous Garde," may be taken as a
typical example”:
“May Allah in thy heart unfold
Perpetual-blooming roses ;
May His sweet peace to thee increase
Until the evening closes.
* And may tall palms before thee rise,
Hot sand to gardens turning ;
May dates and wine be always thine,
Amid the desert's burning.
“Let enemies be put to flight
Before thy spear uplifted ;
And may thy way be as a day
From starry vistas drifted.
"Oh, Allah watches through the night,
His trustful children viewing ;
His love is deep, but he will keep
Renewing and renewing."
No ineffectual prose can quite touch the
grief or reproduce the feeling of an elegiac
volume like “ The 'Inverted Torch.” In this
poem, or series of poems, to the memory of one
departed, Miss Thomas has attained a height
beyond that of her earlier work. In a deep
and all-pervading sorrow she has found the in-
spiration of this many-measured requiem, this
work so suggestive of that “ In Memoriam”
which is the unapproachable masterpiece of the
kind. Like its great prototype, this chain of
elegiac verse is an intensely subjective utter-
ance, and its parts, seemingly disconnected, are
linked together by the logic of emotion. Or
it may be likened to a symphony, the four
groups under which the poems are arranged
being the movements. A little harshness of
style, due to over-concentration of thought, and
an occasional daring license of vocabulary, are
the flaws (we can hardly say the faults) of this
remarkable volume. Here are some exquisite
stanzas, made doubly interesting by their sin
gular form:
“ Time takes no toll of thee,
Age spares the soul of thee.
They vex thee no more,
Besieging thy door;
Nor without nor within
Shall they vantage win.
" The long years are fled from thee,
The winters are shed from thee.
As the snows retire
For Spring's hidden fire,
And the gray of the fields
To the young green yields.
** The long years descend on me,
The winters bend on me
Their gathering might,
As when dwindles the light
And the gray of the fields
To the white drift yields.'


1891.]
315
THE DIAL
And here, first of all, in the group included and phrases are of frequent occurrence. The
under the immortal Horatian phrase colum con chaplet of translations of Mexican Spanish
animum mutant, is the following perfect poem : verse, at the close of the volume, is the most
** If still they live, whom touch nor sight
graceful feature of the collection. These bits
Nor any subtlest sense can prove,
of poetry are very pretty in their English dress,
Though dwelling past our day and night,
and make us wish for more from the same hand.
At farthest star's remove,-
The “Shadows and Ideals” of Mr. Francis
“Oh, not because these skies they change
S. Saltus fill a volume of no less than 366
For upper deeps of sky unknown,
Shall that which made them ours grow strange,
pages. Mr. Saltus has travelled much, and
For spirit holds its own;
has put many exotic impressions into verse.
“Whether it pace this earth around,
He has, moreover, been impressed by various
Or cross, with printless, buoyant feet,
historical scenes and characters, and has writ-
The unreverberant Profound
That hath no name nor mete!”
ten poems about them. And, not content with
all this, he has revelled in a great variety of
Such verse as this is sure to live and be treas moods, and has unsparingly set them to meas-
ured as long as there are men and women to ure and rhyme. Nothing, in fact, seems to be
whom poetry means more than prose, and in unacceptable to his most persevering and in-
whom the sense of awe and mystery is not dustrious muse. As might be expected, the
wholly extinguished by the narrower sort of greater part of this volume of work is of com-
positivism.
paratively little value. Its emotion is abstract,
Stuart Sterne’s new volume is a narrative its diction rough and unpoetical. “Great gangs
poem of passion and renunciation, a story of of tramps and ruffians unclean,” for example,
sense at war with soul, a story of Florence, is hardly the language of poetry; and the poem,
having the great figure of Savonarola in the 66 An Episode of Waterloo,” admitted to be
background. “ Piero da Castiglione” is the composed in “free meter,” is far from being
title, and it is written in blank verse. The the only one that might be described in the
two ecstasies--of love and of religious ardor- same terms. Then Mr. Saltus allows himself
find in this poem a not wholly inadequate ex to make use of strange and unnatural words :
pression, although the verse seldom rises above he speaks of minds that “ avidly rehearse”
the plane of such smooth and careful work things, and discourses of “svelt Greek colon-
manship as is within the power of any writer nades.” But the reader who gropes through
of keen sensibilities and a moderate amount of
his pages will not be wholly unrewarded. He
practical familiarity with verse-making. will come now and then upon some strong sim-
Miss Blake's “ Verses along the Way” are ple thing, like the sonnet on the Lisbon earth-
inspired, in about equal proportions, by nature quake, or the stanzas upon Alsatia and Gibral-
and humanity. The author's specific avowal
tar. The latter poem opens thus :
of her Irish blood is made unnecessary by the
“A giant captive, I command
frequency with which Irish themes engage her
The entrance to Hispania's strand;
pen. Such a couplet alone as
A foreign flag above me floats,
My flanks are girt by foreign boats,
"Sure if I never had heard
Inviolate I may remain,
What land had given me birth”
But all my spirit is with Spain."
offers ample evidence of that fact. But we
And further on occurs this stanza :
have, in addition, verses “ For the Two Hun-
dred and Fiftieth Anniversary of the Charita-
"I, too, recall when Guzman came
In silk and steel, in smoke and flame;
ble Irish Society”—not a very poetic title-
The flag of Christ on high he waved ;
and poems addressed to Justin McCarthy and
My walls with Moorish blood he laved ;
the memory of John Boyle O'Reilly. In the
No danger could his hand restrain ;
And all my soul was proud of Spain."
latter piece, the offense for which Mr. O'Reilly
was sentenced to death by the government of This is direct, concrete, and effective. In fact,
his native country is somewhat euphemistically our author is at his best when he most belies
described as “ strife against the tyrant.” Trea- the title of his collection. When shadowy and
son is the name commonly given to it, we be ideal, he is generally unsatisfactory; but when
lieve. Many of the pieces in this volume are real and substantial, he is often impressive. A
occasional, and few are in any degree impres curious feature of the volume is provided by a
sive. Their vocabulary is that of common- group of poems written in French, Italian, and
place magazine verse, and unpoetical words | Spanish. We are almost tempted to say that


316
[Feb.,
THE DIAL
Mr. Saltus writes better poetry in these lan spontaneous lyric impulse. The titular poem
guages than he does in English. The French is a rather narrow and denunciatory character-
verses to the immortal “ Mousquetaires ” of ization of the Roman Catholic organization.
Dumas and the Italian sonnet inscribed to The remaining pieces are upon a great variety
Longfellow are remarkable tours de force. We of themes, and exhibit a cultured mind and a
may dispute the praise embodied, but we can warm heart, a wide range of interests, and a
not dispute the technical merit of such verses sympathy with many moods and aspects of life
as these from the sonnet mentioned :
and thought.
“E della bella Italia tu sei degno,
The “ Poems ” of Miss Edna Dean Proctor
Che a te lascio Petrarca l'armonioso
are both old and new. Some of them, such as
Plettro d'amor; Boccaccio il suo sorriso;
“ The Grave of Lincoln,” are so familiar as to
Ma di Dante il sublime e forte ingegno
Rese il tuo spirito grande e vigoroso,
be household words; and others are equally
Ne mai il tuo nome fia dal suo diviso."
deserving of popularity. The group of poems
The volume containing all these poems is sumpt-
upon Russian subjects is particularly fresh and
uously printed, and adorned with a portrait of
pleasing. In her patriotic poems and her verses
the author, who is represented with his hat on,
descriptive of American scenery, Miss Proctor's
tipped jauntily to one side.
song is as sweet and as true as Mr. Whittier's.
Signor Pietro Ridolfo-Bolognesi appears to
Nor should her spirited ballad treatment of
be a young man of a melancholy temperament.
historical episodes be passed by without a word
He has lately given to the world an abstract
of praise. Her measures are facile and flowing,
of his thoughts and feeling in a volume en-
with a marked anapæstic tendency, although
titled "Il Mio Poema” (Firenze: LeMonnier),
such poems as “ The Virginia Scaffold” and A
and further described as - Brani d'un Diario.”
Prayer” show us that she can handle graver
The poem is in blank verse, and is divided into
forms with equal mastery. And she has even
forty and more cantos, each having a title and
succeeded in viewing the Brooklyn bridge in a
being devoted to a specific subject, or, more
poetical light.
properly, a mood. The author's moods appear
The two collections of American sonnets pre-
to be mostly despondent. In the first canto,
pared, respectively, by Mr. Charles H. Crandall,
we read of
and by the collaboration of Colonel Thomas
“La scienza dell 'illuso viver nostro,"!
Wentworth Higginson with Mrs. E. H. Bige-
and in the fourth, we have an invocation to
low, make a gratifying showing in this depart-
Death, that “ buon fantasimo generoso." In
ment of poetical activitity. The latter volume
gives us 250 examples from 153 writers; the
the canto called - La Morte," the author seeks
former is still more comprehensive, and offers
a cemetery, and gives full vent to his funereal
no less than 445 examples, representing 222
musings :
writers. And the average of all this work
"Io passeggiava solo in cimitero
E a ricordanze tristi per la mente
is surprisingly good. A great many sonnets
Mesti pensier volgea ; pensava ai tempi
are, of course, included in both volumes, and
Scorsi sognando, come fur deluso
among these we note the beautiful one entitled
Le mie speranze e come entrommi allora
Il gelo della fossa in core : e andando
“ With a Copy of Shelley," by Miss Har-
In cerca d'una tomba cara, al mondo
riet Monroe. In Mr. Crandall's collection we
Mi credea il più infelice e sospirava."
also find the exquisite sonnet, “ The Snow,"
And so on through the whole gloomy canto. by Miss Fearing, of whom a note says that she
The author has tried hard to be a second Leo is “ one of the Western army of poets whose
pardi, but his success in the attempt is very | voices reach Eastward.” Colonel Higginson's
imperfect. Ilis melancholy is a little too the beautiful - Since Cleopatra Died ” is still de-
atrical to be convincing.
faced by the amazing misquotation that accom-
Among our minor American poets, Mr. panied it when first published, and to which
Christopher Pearse Cranch occupies a respect- we then called attention. Both volumes have
able although not a high position. " The Bird indexes of authors, titles, and first lines, and
and the Bell, and other Poems," a volume first both have biographical notes upon the writers
published in 1875, is now reprinted from the represented. These notes are much fuller in
old plates, and thus given a fresh lease of life. Mr. Crandall's volume than in the other. Mr.
These pieces are noteworthy for their generous Crandall's volume has also a special feature in
enthusiasm and reflective finish, rather than its critical essay upon the sonnet. This essay,
for any marked qualities of poetic feeling or / which fills nearly a hundred pages, is a very


1891.)
317
THE DIAL
readable account of the history of the sonnet Seven years ago last month we referred in
form, and is illustrated by no less than sixty these columns to the poetical work of Mr.
one sonnets by thirty-nine foreign writers, in Arnold as one of the “ priceless possessions"
cluding not only the great English masters of of our race. The intervening period has only
the form from Spenser to Tennyson, but also served to deepen our sense of the justice of
specimens from the Italian sonneteers, from this description, and to make us feel even
Camoens, Lope de Vega, Ronsard, and Goethe. more fully that no other poet of the age has
The work is thus a singularly complete and expressed with more perfect truth or greater
well-arranged production. It remains to be beauty of form the thoughts and the feelings
added that a score of the American sonnets that lie deepest in the souls of thoughtful
included are here published for the first time. I men.
An edition, complete in one thick volume, It is fortunate that the latest edition of Mr.
of - The Poetical Works of Matthew Arnold,” | Arnold's poems should be complete in a single
and similar in form to the one-volume editions volume. It is equally fortunate that the latest
of Tennyson and Wordsworth, is as welcome a edition of Mr. Browning's poems should be a
book as any that has recently appeared. First limited selection. Not, indeed, that we would
of all, it is provided with an engraved portrait, deny the right of any of Mr. Browning's poems
adequate beyond any other that we have seen to exist, but we cannot feel concerning them,
in reproducing the essential characteristics of as we can feel towards Mr. Arnold's poems,
the kindly noble face that was so true an index that there are none among them too bright and
of the soul within. Then, the collection is a good for human nature's daily food. So we
complete one, including the whole of the - Me-welcome the Browning volume for what it omits
rope," and the “ Westminster Abbey" ode in- as well as for what it comprises, and are glad
scribed to the memory of Dean Stanley. This to have offered us, arranged in chronological
latter poem, which will be new to most read order, and in a volume of pocketable size, these
ers, deserves to rank with the noblest exam- poems upon which Mr. Browning's real claims
ples of Arnold's verse, and makes still more to immortality must be based.
poignant the pathos of the saying reported of ! Mr. Rolfe's new edition of “ Shakespeare's
the author not long before his untimely death, Poems” comprises in a single volume all the
the expression of a hope that he might find lei- | matter of the two volumes devoted to the poems
sure to turn once more to poetry in his later in the editor's complete edition of Shakespeare,
years, and put away the work of political and and several pages of added annotation. The
theological criticism. We think of the saying, original notes have also been revised. In this
and the mind involuntarily recurs to Milton, and work, the 1599 edition of Venus and Adonis"
recalls how he too at last found leisure to put has been for the first time collated, although it
aside the task of controversy, and wrote for us was discovered over twenty years ago. Mr.
a "Paradise Lost” and a Paradise Regained.” Rolfe has thus produced a very convenient vol-
We quote from the Westminster Abbey" ode ume, and an edition probably better suited than
the two stanzas that will best bear severance any other to the wants of the general Shakes-
from their context.
pearian student.
“But hush! This mournful strain,
We do not well see how there can be too
Which would of death complain,
many editions of FitzGerald's “Omar Khay-
The oracle forbade, not ill-inspired.-
That Pair, whose head did plan, whose hands did forge,
yám," and even in a less attractive garb than
The Temple in the pure Parnassian gorge,
that now assumed by the “ Rubáiyát” they
Finished their work, and then a meed required.
would be welcome enough. It would be diffi-
"Seven days,' the God replied,
'Live happy, then expect your perfect meed!'
cult, in a mere description, to do adequate jus-
Quiet in sleep, the seventh night, they died.
tice to the vellun covers, the beautiful paper,
Death, death was judged the boon supreme indeed.
and the noble typography of this latest edition
“And truly he who here
of the astronomer-poet of Persia. The con-
Hath run his bright career,
tents include a full reprint of the fourth edi-
And served men nobly, and acceptance found,
And borne to light and right his witness high,
tion, with introduction and notes, a reprint
What could he better wish than then to die,
of the text of the first edition, and a synopsis
And wait the issue, sleeping underground ?
of the variations between the second, third,
Why should he pray to range
Down the long age of truth that ripens slow;
and fourth editions.
And break his heart with all the bathing change,
And all the tedious tossing to and fro?"
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.


318
[Feb.,
THE DIAL
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
ported himself in St. Petersburg, as he had in Ber-
lin, by giving lessons, and during this period was
A READABLE and informing collection of crit-
often brought into contact with the members of the
ical comment and reminiscence is “ The Autobiog- Imperial family of whom he relates a series of
raphy of Anton Rubinstein,” translated from the
characteristic anecdotes. Lack of space forbids us
Russian by Aline Delano, (Little, Brown, & Co.),
tracing further the career of this great Russian
though rather fragmentary and meagre when re composer, but we must not omit to note that he
garded as a “ Life.” Rubinstein's first lessons
declares that “the proceeds of my tour in America
were given him, when between five and six years
laid the foundation of my prosperity.” Rubinstein
old, by his mother, who afterwards placed him un-
speaks somewhat regretfully of the Germany of
der the care of Villoing, at that time the best
the ante-Imperial times. “Germany,” he says,
music-teacher in Moscow. The mode of teaching
“ with its numerous petty sovereignties, was then a
in those days was very stern, and “ferrules, punches, sort of Eldorado for the arts and sciences. ..
and even slaps in the face, were of frequent oc-
Each court vied with the other in protecting science
currence ;” but notwithstanding Villoing's heroic
and the fine arts. . . . The universal standard
methods, Rubinstein speaks of him in the kindliest
of intelligence and intellectual development in gen-
way, and says of him, “In all my life I have never
eral was carried to a much higher pitch in divided
met a better teacher.” When in his tenth year,
Germany than in these later times, now that it is
Rubinstein gave his first public concert in Moscow,
compressed as by an iron ring into a single great
and during the three following years travelled with
kingdom.” The volume is handsomely printed,
Villoing over Europe, returning, in 1843, to St.
and contains an excellent portrait of the composer;
Petersburg, where, he relates, “ after a benefit con-
and the translating and editing are commendable.
cert I was, at the desire of the Empress Alexandra,
placed on a table and caressed by Her Majesty.” A SECOND edition has been issued of Arthur
In 1846 he started for Vienna ; and “ from that Bolles Lee's important contribution to microtomy,
time,” he says, “my individual career may be « The Microtomist's Vade-Mecum: A Handbook
dated—a career in which joy and sorrow, abund of the Methods of Microscopic Anatomy” (Blakis-
ance and penury, aye, even to hunger, followed ton). “ In its primary intention this work appeals
one another.” In Vienna he gave lessons “ mostly rather to the instructed anatomist than to the be.
at cheap rates”-so cheap, indeed, that he became ginner”; but that it may not be entirely beyond
reduced to the most painful straits. Upon arriv- the reach of beginners, a general introduction is
ing in Vienna he had called upon Liszt (whom he given and most of the chapters are opened with in-
had known and imitated in his childhood), but his troductory remarks. In this edition the author no
hopes were dashed by the coldness of his reception, longer attempts to give all the methods in use with
Liszt bidding him remember that “ a talented man microtomists as he did in his first edition five years
must win the goal of his ambition by his own un ago, for such a work “would form not a book
assisted efforts.” Liszt, after some time, called but a library, in which the really useful matter
upon him, and was compassionately shocked at the would remain smothered in a sea of details of
condition of the young musician's quarters. “He doubtful utility.” This sentence sufficiently illus-
showed much tact and delicacy, and in the most trates the multiplication of methods which has
friendly manner asked me to dine with him on the taken place within the past five years. The plan
same day,-a most welcome invitation, since the of the work is outlined in the first paragraph. “The
pangs of hunger had been gnawing me for several methods of modern microscopic anatomy may be
days.” Although Rubinstein lived subsequently on roughly classed as General and Special. There is
good terms with the Abbé, there is, perhaps, a a general or normal method, known as the method
tinge of resentment in some of his allusions to him— of sections, which consists in carefully fixing the
though the judgments may be just enough. For structures to be examined, staining them with a
instance, he remarks that, during the later years of nuclear stain, dehydrating with alcohol, and mount-
Liszt's career, “the impression he produced was ing series of sections of the structures in balsam. It
due rather to his clerical title, his long silvery hair, is by this method that the work is blocked out and
and his advanced age”; and says, “I know his very often finished. Special points are then stud-
faults (a certain pomposity of manner for one ied, if necessary, by special methods." Part I.
thing), but always esteemed him as a great per-| treats of the General Method, and takes up Killing,
former,—a performer-virtuoso, indeed, but no com Fixing, Hardening, Staining, Imbedding, Serial
poser. I shall doubtless be devoured piecemeal for Section, Mounting, etc. Part II. treats of Special
giving such an opinion.” In 1848 Rubinstein was Methods --Embryological, Cytological, etc. Part
in Berlin, still leading the life of a Bohemian art I. is evidently the better portion of the book. In
ist—“ feasting when money was plenty, and going Part II., while a sufficient number of methods and
hungry when it was gone." In 1849 he returned references are given to lead the student to other
to St. Petersburg, and, having forgotten his pass- information, the author evidently has not always
port, was treated to a rough experience of the succeeded in giving the best methods. Nor is it
autocratic methods of the fatherland. He sup- ! surprising that he should not have been able to


1891.7
319
THE DIAL
summarize the best and latest methods in a world literary quality, their theme is perennially attract-
in which each specialist must of a necessity work ive, and their pathos and frankness have won for
out his own salvation. The book closes with a list them considerable popularity in France, where they
of 116 reagents. “ The list is intended for a mem have passed through twenty editions. The story
orandum of the reagents required for ordinary embodied in the little book (Preface, Introduction,
zoological work, and is given in the belief that it and Letters make up only 148 tiny pages) is a brief
may be useful as a reminder to those whose duty it and, unhappily, not an unfamiliar one in its essen-
is to furnish tables for students in public labora tials. In 1663 it became the policy of Louis XIV.
tories.” Instruments are not discussed ; and the to help Portugal against Spain ; and in the little
necessity of microtomes to the embryologist and army of French volunteers commanded by Schom-
anatomist has become so self-evident that he addsberg, which took the field against the Spaniards,
but a word on this subject, since it may be “ very was a young French captain, Noël Bouton de Cha-
helpful to the student." From the list of these milly, Count of St. Leger. At the same time the
is omitted the improved Minot microtome, which convent of Beja, a town between Andalusia and
seems a very serious omission, since it is the most Estremadura, sheltered a Franciscan nun, young,
useful for serial paraffine sections.
beautiful, and well-born, Marianna Alcaforado by
name, who, upon the occasion of some review or
A TRANSLATION, by Mrs. M. Cary, of Baron triumphal entry of the Franco-Portuguese troops
Hochschild's memoir of “ Désirée, Queen of Sweden into Beja, saw the be-laced and be-plumed young
and Norway,” is issued by Dodd, Mead & Co. in an officer -- a fascinating phenomenon, no doubt, to
attractive little volume, bound in dark blue cloth conventual eyes wearied with spiritual contempla-
with back and part sides of white vellum. While | tion from the balcony of her convent, and at once
the personality of Queen Désirée was not a striking fell in love with him despite her vows as to the
one--her greatness was thrust upon her during the world, the flesh, and the devil. The sentiment was
rapid re-shuffling of European court cards in Napo reciprocated--after a fashion. The convent disci-
leonic times—her story is of interest, partly as a pline of the period must have been strangely re-
rare example of the caprice of fortune, partly from laxed, for De Chamilly readily obtained access to
its intimate connection with leading personages the stricken Vestal, whom he laid siege to, betrayed,
of the period. Bernardine-Eugenie-Désirée Clary and deserted after the time-honored usage of his
(1781-1860) was the daughter of a Marseilles silk kind. This poor victory seems to have been about
merchant. When in her fifteenth year she was be the only one of the Portuguese campaign; and, to
trothed to Joseph Bonaparte, and afterward to his his shame be it said, the victor was not above boast-
brother Napoleon. The latter engagement also ing of it after his return to Paris. The five letters
came to naught after Napoleon had met and become in the present volume tell, impliedly, the story of
infatuated with Josephine ; and it may be worth his perfidy, and bear witness to the love, high-mind-
while to quote Queen Désirée's characterization of edness, and natural purity of heart of the hapless
her rival, given sixty years later : “ For a man of Nun of Beja.
genius like Napoleon to allow himself to be over-
come by an old coquette of notoriously doubtful
READERS of The Dial have already been in-
reputation, he must have had no knowledge of wo-
formed as to the general style and scope of Imbert
men. Even after her second marriage Josephine
de Sainte-Amand's deservedly popular - Famous
caused herself to be talked about, and it was not
Women of the French Court" series (Scribner).
without good reasons that her husband required her
In the two newly-issued volumes—“The Court of
to come and join him during the campaign in Italy,
the Empress Josephine” and “ Marie Louise and
and on his return from Egypt was willing to di-
the Decadence of the Empire”- the author con-
vorce her.” In 1798 Désirée married General Ber-
tinues his series of brilliant sketches of the pictur-
nardotte, then French Minister of War—the inflex esque Napoleonic times, drawing freely from con-
ible soldier of whom Napoleon said : “ This devil
temporary authorities and documents, and seldom
of a man is almost incapable of being bribed, he is | allowing his tenderness for the old régime to be-
disinterested, he has intelligence.” The star of the
cloud his estimate of the glories of the new. The
daughter of the Marseilles merchant culminated first-named volume narrates the career of Josephine
upon the election of her husband to the throne of from 1804 to the close of 1807, embracing an ac-
Sweden; and her subsequent and rather uneventful count of the coronation preliminaries and festivi-
career is narrated by the writer of the present vol-
ties, the etiquette, amusements, domestic economy
ume, who was attached to her court as chamberlain. and domestic skeletons of the Imperial household,
the Italian journey, and the coronation at Milan,
The first English version of the “ Love Letters the Austerlitz campaign, and the Court at Fontain-
of a Portuguese Nun” (Cassell), with an Intro bleau. Necessarily, the rather vapid Josephine is
duction by Josephine Lazarus, and a Preface by overshadowed by her boundlessly-aspiring spouse,
Alexander Piedagnel, is issued in a pretty volume whom M. Sainte-Amand shows an old-fashioned
bound in white vellum-cloth. While these "Letters” tendency to regard as a being of almost superhu-
do not strike us as remarkable either for force or ! man powers, as the impelling force that caused the


320
[Feb.,
THE DIAL
French nation to burst its boundaries and overwhelm already have more than enough, but by assuming
Europe, rather than as the ambitious soldier who that the method of Nature in society is identical
adroitly sustained himself on the crest of a natural with its method in the development of suns and
and inevitable wave of French aggression and con- planetary systems, of vegetal and animal life, and
quest. The second volume, “ Marie Louise and the of the body and mind of individual man. There-
Decadence of the Empire,” opening with the re fore, Sociology must be studied as a manifestation
turn, in 1812, of Marie Louise to St. Cloud after of Evolution-its highest and most complex mani-
the triumphal journey to Prague, sketches briefly festation, it is true, but none the less governed by
and vividly the dramatic episodes of the retreat principles inherent in itself and not by conditions
from Moscow, the subsequent diplomatic intrigue mechanically imposed from without. Some of the
and maneuvre, and the resumption of hostilities, ablest and most valuable papers, to our mind, are
and closes with the Empress's final farewell to Na- | those on “ Evolution of Arms and Armor," "Evo-
poleon in 1814. These entertaining books are hand- lution of the Mechanic Arts," “ Evolution of the
somely printed on good paper, and their abundant Wages System,” and the altogether delightful bio-
citation of correspondence and authorities not gen- graphical sketch of Professor Edward L. Youmans,
erally accessible renders them an acceptable addi from the pen of John Fiske, with which the vol-
tion to the annals of the period. M. Sainte-Amand ume closes.
is fortunate to fall into the hands of so good a trans-
lator as Mr. Thomas Sergeant Perry.
NO WRITER that we know of has written more
charmingly and truthfully of nature out-of-doors
THE “Carisbrooke Library” (Routledge), whose than Richard Jefferies, and we are glad to note
first volume was devoted to the early writings of
the appearance of a new illustrated edition of his
Jonathan Swift, returns in its eleventh volume to
“ Gamekeeper at Home" (Roberts). The Game-
the same writer. In this we have “Gulliver's
keeper, the central figure of the book, is drawn
Travels” exactly reprinted from the first edition ; from a particular keeper personally known to Jef-
the famous satire called “An Account of the Court
feries and selected as typical of his class, and forms
and Empire of Japan"; the essays “On the Fates
the nucleus about which the author has grouped his
of Clergymen,” “On Modern Education,” “ On materials—descriptions of the denizens of meadow,
Conversation,” “On the Death of Stella”; and an brake, and warren, the manner of preserving them,
appendix containing an account of Cyrano de
and the ways and wiles of their poaching enemies,
Bergerac and his “ Voyages to the Sun and Moon," human and brute. The book teems with rural lore
to which Swift was undoubtedly indebted for
and lively anecdote, and will afford the American
somewhat of suggestion in developing his “Gul-
reader a good idea of an important phase of the
liver.” Swift was the most original genius of the
economy and management of a great English estate.
reign of Queen Anne-a reign in which English
But it will not, we fear, give him a very exalted
prose shows its most perfect and beautiful balance
idea of the British sportsman, whose notion of
of 'strength, elegance, and elasticity. Therefore
“ sport" seems to be to have the “ game” (hand-
we never tire of hearing about this wonderful man,
reared birds almost as tame as American poultry)
so great and yet so petty, so picturesque and yet so
driven up to his aristocratic gun--which he is too
repulsive, and of reading new interpretations of the
lazy to load himself—to be slaughtered by the cart-
motives and incidents of his unhappy life. Mr.
load. The illustrations, by Charles Whymper, de-
Morley's Introduction gives us a somewhat more
serve special mention.
favorable view than the customary one. He even
justifies himself in retaining the “unseemly" pas STUDENTS of English literature have long needed
sages, by claiming that “ not one of these offends | just such an edition of Sir Philip Sidney's “ De-
against good morals,” and that “ Swift liked to fence of Poesy" (Ginn) as Professor Albert S.
defy convention where it clouded the distinction Cook has now given them. Heretofore, the only
between right and wrong, but in • Gulliver' it is | form in which this earliest of critical writings has
defied always to good purpose."
been obtainable as a separate publication has been
through Arber's reprint of the original edition
The Brooklyn Ethical Association's volume on (1595). This, of course, retained all the old spell-
“ Sociology” (James H. West) is a series of pa ing, punctuation, and antique forms of letters,
pers largely written by the same pens that last which, however desirable for antiquarian purposes,
year produced the society's volume on “ Evolution.” were a serious drawback to pleasureable reading.
The average quality, however, is higher than that Professor Cook has proceeded on the principle that
of the previous volume; the subjects, also, are of what has proved to be not for an age but for all
more immediate practical interest. The aim of the ages should be spelled with the spelling of this age;
work is the promotion of scientific thought and wise that the commas and colons scattered at random by
action on the pressing problems of social life-Na the Elizabethan compositors are not entitled to
tionalism, the Single-Tax, Socialism, Anarchism, special reverence from the modern editor. Accord-
Free-Trade, Protection, Prohibition, etc. It seeks ingly, he has given us a comely page, freed from
this end not by adding new prescriptions when we puzzles, with numbered lines for ready reference


1891.)
321
THE DIAL
to the notes which follow the text and which are a
From Colony to Commonwealth: Stories of the Revolu-
tionary Days in Boston. By Nina Moore Tiffany, 16mo,
marvel of exhaustiveness. In an Introduction of
pp. 180. Ginn & Co. 70 cents.
thirty pages is gathered not only a large amount of
valuable data relating to Sidney's life, the composi-
BIOGRAPHY.
tion and publication of the “ Defence.” his learn- Dictionary of National Biography. Edited by Leslie
Stephen and Sidney Lee. Vol. XXV., Harris-Henry I.
ing, etc., but also a minute and scholarly criticism
8vo, pp. 457, uncut, gilt top. Macmillan & Co. $3.75.
of Sidney's theory of poetry, and a comparison of Francis Wayland. By James O. Murray. 16mo, pp. 293,
it with the theories of writers earlier and later. In-
gilt top. “American Religious Leaders.” Houghton,
Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
deed, it would be hard to suggest any improvement Anne Bradstreet and her Time. By Helen Campbell,
on the work, and we are glad to note that Shelley's
author of “Prisoners of Poverty." 12mo, pp. 373. D.
• Defence of Poetry” is soon to be reproduced under
Lothrop Co. $1.25.
Sir Francis Drake. By Julian Corbett. With portrait.
the same editorial supervision.
16mo, pp. 209. Macmillan's - English Men of Action."
60 cents.
To a certain order of minds, there is a charm in
LITERARY MISCELLANY.
running counter to established opinions. Only | Letters and Correspondence of John Henry Newman,
thus can it be accounted for that thirty-five years
during his Life in the English Church. With a brief
Autobiography. Edited by Anne Mozley, editor of "Let-
ago Bacon began to be credited with having written ters of the Rev. J. B. Mozley, D.D.” With two portraits.
Shakespeare's plays, and that at intervals the claim
2 vols., 12mo, gilt tops. Longmans, Green & Co. $4.00.
| Journal of William Maclay, U. S. Senator from Penn-
is still renewed, although everything possible on sylvania, 1789-1791. Edited by Edgar S. Maclay, A.M.
both sides has been said over and over again. Un-
With portrait. Svo, pp. 438, gilt top. D. Appleton & Co.
$2.25.
less in the extremely unlikely event of new evidence
English Prose : Its Elements, History, and Usage. By
on the one side or the other, we might certainly John Earle, M.A. 8vo, pp. 530, uncut, gilt top. G. P.
well spare any further words on the subject. The
Putnam's Sons. $3.50.
The Spiritual Sense of Dante's “Divina Commedia.”
two pamphlets before us—“ Bacon vs. Shakespeare;
By W. T. Harris. Sq. 16mo, pp. 216. D. Appleton &
Brief for Plaintiff” (Rand, McNally & Co.), by
Co. $1.50.
Edwin Reed, and the anonymous answer there-
The Philosophy of American Literature. By Greenough
White, A.M. 16mo, pp. 66. Ginn & Co. 35 cents.
to, “ Baconian Facts” (Lee & Shepard)—have no Æsthetics : Its Problems and Literature. By Fred N.
such reason for being ; nor even do they tempt us
Scott, Ph.D. 12mo, pp. 32. Ann Arbor Inland Press.
to the ungracious task of breaking a butterfly on a
POETRY.
wheel.
The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley. Edited
by Edward Dowden. With Portrait. 12mno, pp. 705.
MR. GEORGE H. ELLWANGER, from whom last
Macmillan & Co. $1.75.
year we had “The Garden's Story,” now tells A Psalm of Deaths, and other Poems. By S. Weir Mitchell,
- The Story of My House” (Appleton). Though
M.D., LL.D., author of "The Cup of Youth.” 12mo,
the later work is a shade less dainty and captiva-
pp. 70, gilt top. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.50.
Winona: A Dakota Legend; and other Poems. By Capt.
ting than the earlier, and though it is plain that E. L. Huggins, U.S. A. 12mo, pp. 176, uncut, gilt top.
the author is happier when talking of flowers than
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25.
Short Flights. By Meredith Nicholson. 24mo, pp. 100.
of furniture, of roses blooming in the garden than Bowen-Merrill Co.
of the fine coloring of walls and rugs, there is no Good-night Poetry (Bedside Poetry). A Parent's Assist-
ant in Moral Discipline. Compiled by Wendell P. Gar-,
decline in the literary grace and tact which per-
rison. 16mo, pp. 1433. Ginn & Co. 70 cents.
vades both works like a delicate perfume, and which
wins us to read on and on, whether or not we are
FICTION.
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LETTERS AND CORRESPONDENCE OF
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1891.]
325
THE DIAL
Ready February 1.
THE STORY OF
THE REAR COLUMN
OF STANLEY'S
Emin Pasha Relief Expedition.
By the late JAMES S. JAMESON.
WE ARE THE AUTHORIZED PUBLISHERS OF THIS WORK IN AMERICA.
THIS volume of five hundred octavo pages is composed of Jameson's daily record of the scenes, inci-
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edited the work and written the Preface, with letters also to his brother and others, followed by
an Appendix on the Natural History of Jameson's trip, a letter from Tippu Tib, and various documents
of particular interest at this time, when controversy has arisen over the fate of the rear column, the mur-
der of Major Barttelot, and the unfortunate death of Jameson.
Jameson's diary bespeaks a lovable, patient, faithful, and Christian character, which might, under
more favorable circumstances, have added lustre to his name and cast much light upon the darkness of
Africa, in departments which Mr. Stanley has not seen fit to particularly consider.
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the writer; and his occasional outbursts of impatience at the lack of consideration shown by Stanley to
subordinates leads to the belief that possibly the fate of the rear column may have been largely due to
positive carelessness or neglect on the part of the great explorer, rather than to the shortcomings of the
subordinate officers, as Stanley has claimed. The subordinates—Barttelot, Jameson, Troup, Ward, and
Bonny-were under military rule, and Stanley's orders were imperative. The rear column was left in
charge of supplies, with orders to follow Stanley after the arrival of six hundred carriers and an escort,
which were to have been sent by Tippu Tib. Days, weeks, and months passed by ; still Barttelot waited
vainly for the contingent from Tippu Tib. Messengers failed to produce results, and finally, frequent
personal communication having been necessary, much less than half the promised men, under insufficient
command, were allowed to proceed, with the disastrous results depicted in the five hundred pages of
absorbingly interesting and accurate information. Mr. Jameson's version of the unfortunate affair of the
rear column is corroborated by Mr. Troup's recently published work.
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sidering the difficulties under which he labored, for the scientific and historical societies of London.
One hundred Illustrations, from original drawings by the author, and a Map of the Congo from
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In one large octavo volume, five hundred pages, one hundred Illustrations, and a Map of the
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==
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ROBERT BONNER'S SONS: New Novels.
A MATTER OF MILLIONS.
UNDER OATH.
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The Adirondacks are doubly fascinating, inasmuch as they
are the delight of the lover of adventure and nature, and are
also the Mecca of scores of thousand of wide-awake pleasure-
MRS. HAROLD STAGG.
seekers. In “Under Oath,” Miss Jean Kate Ludlum has
A Novel. By Robert Grant, author of “ Jack Hall,”
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THE ALCHEMIST.
Harold Stagg is a capital portraiture, whose prototype may Translated from the French of HONORE DE BALZAC.
be found in the drawing rooms of New York, Boston, and
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THE UNLOVED WIFE.
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