465 SEVEN DAYS' BOOK. BP304) CCLES Harvard College Library FROM THE BEQUEST OF JOHN AMORY LOWELL, (Class of 1815). This fund is $30,000, and of its income three quarters shall be spent for books and one quarter be added to the principal. 4 May, 1891-4 April, 1892. THE DIAL 26614 A Monthly Journal of CURRENT LITERATURE VOLUME XII. MAY, 1891, TO APRIL, 1892. CHICAGO: A. C. McClurg & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, 1892, ВРЗоч, | ": ".. ... ... ... 12, 1 т. INDEX TO VOLUME XII. · · · · . · · . · · . · · . · · . · . · . . . · · . · · · · · · · AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . Sara A. Hubbard . . . . . . 385 ANGLO-SAXON FREEDOM . . . . . . . . . . . . Charles H. Cooper . . . . 20 -- BARTLETT's QUOTATIONS," THE NEW ....... Melville B. Anderson .... 268 BROWNING'S LIFE AND LETTERS . . . . . . . . . Anna B. McMahan . . . . . 140 Carson's HistoRY OF THE SUPREME Court . . . . . L. H. Boutell ....... 326 CHAUCER, STUDIES IN . . . . . . . . . . . . Oliver Farrar Emerson . . . 351 COLUMBUS, A PESSIMISTIC BIOGRAPHY OF . . . . . . C. A. L. Richards . . . . . 265 COLUMBUS, CHRISTOPHER . . . . . . . . . . . W. F. Poole . . . . . . . 421 COLUMBUS, THE STORY OF . . . . . . . . . . Rasmus B. Anderson . . . . 76 CONDUCT BY PRECEPT . . . . . . . . Edward Playfair Anderson ... 353 CONSTITUTIONAL STUDIES, COMPARATIVE . . James 0. Pierce . . . . . . 321 DANTE LITERATURE, SOME RECENT . . . . . . . . William Morton Payne . . . . 218 DE QUINCEY, THE STYLE OF . . . . . . . . . . Melville B. Anderson . . . . 99 DICKINSON, JOHN, THE QUAKER STATESMAN . . . . . W. F. Poole . . . . . . . 71 EMIN IN EQUATORIA, AND THE REAR COLUMN STORY . Selim H. Peabody . . . . . 41 ENGLISH LIFE IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY . . . . Marian Mead . . . . . . . 270 ESSAYS FROM HIGHER ALTITUDES . . . . . . . .. Marian Mead . . . . . . . 176 FICTION, RECENT BOOKS OF . . . . . . . . . . W’illiam Morton Payne 48, 274, 423 Fiske's NARRATIVE OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTI .. Andrew C. McLaughlin ... 135 FREEMAN'S HISTORY OF Sicily . . . . . . . . . Francis W. Kelsey . . . . . 319 GERMAN EMPIRE AND EMPERORS, THE . . . . . . Charles H. Cooper . . . . . 217 GERMAN HISTORY, Two GREAT DECADES OF . . Charles H. Cooper .. 428 Gods OF ANCIENT GREECE, THE . . . . . Paul Shorey . . . . 171 GREEK LIFE, LITERATURE, AND ART . . . . Martin L. D'Ooge . . 390 GREEK LITERATURE, PERRY'S HISTORY OF . . . . . Martin L. D'Ooge · · · · 15 AL AND HIS ART OF WAR . . . . . . . . Charles Wallace French . .. 16 EINRICH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W. E. Simonds . . . . . 213 TH AND HIS WORK . . . . . . . . . . . Edward Gilpin Johnson . .. 345 MES, OLIVER WENDELL, THE PROSE WRITINGS OF .. Edward Gilpin Johnson ... INDIAN LITER LITERATURE FOR English READERS . . . . . Joseph Henry Crooker .. 381 RNAL OF A PENNSYLVANIA SENATOR, THE . . . . Frederick J. Turner . . . 78 GES GERMAN DICTIONARY . . . . . . . George Hempl . . . . 47 MONUMENT, THE COMPLETION OF A . . . . Melville B. Anderson . . . . 348 JAMES RusseLL, 1819--1891 ... Oliver Farrar Emerson . . . . EMORIAL VOLUMES, SOME RECENT . . .. . . Charles Wallace French . . . 327 IN ENGLISH PROSE, THE . . . . . . . . Martin L. D'Ooge . . . . . 143 C. A. L. Richards . . . . . 387 1. LAURENCE . . . . . . .. Edward Playfuir Anderson ... 138 ECONOMY FOR MODERNS. .. .. Arthur Burnham W’oodford . 174 HE ELEMENTS OF . . . . . . . . . . Woodrow Wilson . . . . . . 215 Joseph Henry Crooker . . . . 45 CENT BOOKS OF . . . . . . . . . . William Morton Payne . . 107, 355 Y AND PHILOSOPHY, RECENT STUDIES IN . . Joseph Jastrow . . . . . . 18 VIANS, THE . . . . . . . . . . . . Arthur Howard Noll . . . . 104 · · · · · · · · 209 · · . · LITERARY MONUMENT, THE COM . · LOW 133 . MPV . · . . . ODYSSEY IN ENGLISH PROSE, 1 Old-TIME FURNISHINGS .. OLIPHANT, LAURENCE POLITICAL ECONOMY FOR Politics, THE ELEMENTS PHYSICAL RELIGION . . POETRY, RECENT Bo PSYCHOLOGY AND P PUEBLO INDIANS, TH . . . KS OF iv. INDEX · SHAKESPEARE's Avon . . . . . . . . . . . . Anna B. McMahan . . . . . 273 SOCIETY, The Origin Of ........... John J. Halsey ...... 211 Sociology, RECENT DISCUSSIONS IN ........ John Bascom ....... 12 SOLDIER'S TRIBUTE TO A SOLDIER, A . . . . . . . Charles King . . . . . . . 383 SPANISH INFLUENCES IN AMERICAN TERRITORY . . . . Arthur Howard Noll . . . . 349 SPENCER, HERBERT, ON THE PRINCIPLES OF JUSTICE . . John Bascom . . . . . . . 169 TALLEYRAND, THE MEMOIRS OF . . . . . . . . Martin Wright Sampson . . . 9 TEN BRINK, BERNHARD . . . . . . . . . . . .. George Hempl . . . . . . . 434 TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION, Books OF . . . . . . . Edward Gilpin Johnson . 100, 430 Vikings IN WESTERN CHRISTENDOM, THE ...Aubertine Woodward Moore .. 81 WHITMAN, WALT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John J. Halsey . . . . . . 317 · · AUTHORS AND TITLES OF BOOKS REVIEWED. 109 Abbot, Willis J. Battle-Fields and Victory . . 286 | Bixby, James Thompson). The Crisis in Morals 354 Abbot, Willis J. Midshipman Davy... 289 Black, William. Donald Ross of Heimra . . . 275 Adams, W. Davenport. With Poet and Player . 365 Blackmar, Frank W. Spanish Institutions of the Adeline, Jules. Art Dictionary . . . . . 55 Southwest . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 Akers, Elizabeth. The High-top Sweeting. : 357 | Block, Louis J. Dramatic Sketches and Poems 109 Aldrich, Thomas Bailey. The Sisters' Tragedy. Bon valot, Gabriel. Across Thibet (trans. by C. B. Allen, William Francis. Essays and Monographs Pitman) . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 (edited by D. B. Frankenburger) . . . . 328 Bourdillon, F. W. Ailes D'Allouette . . . . 285 Allen, Willis Boyd. John Brownlow's Folks .. 289 Bourke, J. G. On the Border with Crook . . 383 Arabian Nights Entertainment (edited by Wm. Bourne, H. R. Fox. Philip Sidney . . . . . 437 Eliot Griffis) . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Boutelle, L. H. Alexander Hamilton . . . . 55 Arnold, Sir Edwin. Japonica . . . . . . 283 Boutmy, Emile. Studies in Constitutional Law 322 Arnold, Sir Edwin. Seas and Lands .... 432 Boutmy, Emile. The English Constitution ... 321 Atkinson, J. C. The Last of the Giant Killers . 288 Bouton, John Bell. The Euchanted . . . . 49 Austin, Alfred. Lyrical Poems . . . . . . 107 Bouvet, Marguerite. Little Marjorie's Love Story 288 Austin, Alfred. The Human Tragedy. ... 107 Boyesen, Hjalmar Hjorth. The Mammon of Un- Austin, Stella. The Little Princess Angel . .. 288 righteousness . . . . . . . . . . . 276 Babyland for 1891 . . . . . . . . . 290 Bright, James W. Anglo-Saxon Reader . . . 438 Baby World . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 Bright, John. Speeches on America, holiday edi- Bacon, Alice M. Japanese Girls and Women : 55 tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Bailey, T. L. An Entire Stranger . . . . . 290 Brine, Mary D. My Little Margaret . . . . 290 Baker, George A., Jr. Point Lace and Diamonds 284 Brine, Mary D. The Little New Neighbor . 290 Ballou, Maturin M. Equatorial America . . 433 Brinton, Daniel G. The American Race . . . 114 Bancroft, Hubert Howe. Literary Industries.. Brooks, Noah. The Bay Settlers .... 287 Bandelier, Adolf F. The Delight Makers. .. 104 Brown, G. Baldwin. The Fine Arts . . . . 394 Banks, Martha Burr. Princess Dandelion's Secret 289 Browning, Oscar. Dante . . . . . . . . 394 Barrett, J. A. The Evolution of the Ordinance Browning, Oscar. Goethe ... ... 394 of 1787 . . . . . . . . . . . . Browning, Oscar. The Life of Bartolomeo Col- Barrie, J. M. My Lady Nicotine . . . . . 114 leoni . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bartholomew, John. Popular Hand Atlas of the Browning, Robert. Lyrics, holiday edition . . 284 World . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Buchanan, Robert. The Coming Terror . . . 113 Bartlett, John. Familiar Quotations, ninth edition 268 Buchheim, C. A. Balladen und Romanzen .. 361 Bates, Arlo. The Poet and his Self . . . . 360 Bunner, H. C. Zadoc Pine . . . . . . . 50 Baynes, Herbert. Dante and his Ideal . . . Burnham, Clara Louise. Miss Bagg's Secretary 425 Bazán, Emilia Pardo. A Christian Woman (trans. Business of Life, The . . . . . . . . . 354 by Mary Springer). . . . . . . . . 52 Butcher, S. H. Some Aspects of the Greek Genius 391 Beal, Reynolds Songs of the Sea . . . . . 284 Butler, William Allen. Oberammergau, 1890 , 110 Belton, John Devoe. Literary Manual of Foreign Byron, Lord. Childe IIarold (edited by Francis Quotations . . . . . . . . . . . F. Browne) . . . . . . . . . . . 282 Berdoe, Edward. The Browning Cyclopædia . 396 Caine, Hall. The Little Manx Nation ... 361 Binet, Alfred. On Double Consciousness . . . Call, Annie Payson. Power through Repose . : 19 Bishop, William Henry. The Yellow Snake .277 Campbell, Helen. Anne Bradstreet and her Time 22 Bisland, Elizabeth. A Flying Trip Around the Campbell, Lewis. A Guide to Greek Tragedy. 391 World . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 | Carey, Rosa Nouchette. Averil. . . . . . 290 220 223 281 219 19 INDEX. 425 289 391 438 284 Carey, Rose Nouchette. Our Bessie . . . . 290 Dobson, Austin. Four Frenchwomen, holiday edi- Carlyle, Thomas. History of the French Revolu- tion . . . . . . . . . . . 284 tion, holiday edition . . . . . . . . 280 Dobson, Austin. William Hogarth ... 345 Carson, Hampton L. The Supreme Court of the Dodge, Theodore A. Hannibal . . . . . 16 United States . . . . . . . . . . 326 Du Bois, Constance Goddard. Columbus and Carter, Robert, His Life and Work . . . . . 329 Beatriz . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carus, Paul. The Soul of Man . . . . . . 19 Dumas, Alexandre. The Regency Romances 285 Casati, Gaetano. Ten Years in Equatoria ... 41 Dyer, Louis. Studies of the Gods in Greece . 171 Castlemon, Harry. Marcy, the Blockade Runner 286 Earle, Alice Morse. The Sabbath in Puritan Century Dictionary, The . . . . . . . 83, 348 New England. . . . . . . . 392 Century Magazine, May to October, 1891. . . 285 Egan, Pierce. The Life of an Actor..438 Chadwick, F. E., and Others. Ocean Steamships 284 Eggleston, Edward. The Faith Doctor ... 278 Chamberlain, Montague. The Ornithology of the Elliott, Charles B. The Legislatures and the United States and Canada . . . . . . 385 Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Champney, Elizabeth W. Witch Winnie's Mystery Ellis, E. S. Lost in Samoa . . . . . . . 286 Charron, Pierre. Treatise on Wisdom (trans. by Ellis, E. S. Tad . . . . . . . . . . . 288 Myrtilla H. N. Daly) · · · · · · · · 393 Ellis, E. S. Through Forest and Fire ... 290 Chatterbox for 1891-2 . . . . . . . . 290 Ely, Talfourd. Olympos . . . . . . . . 390 Child, Theodore. Art and Criticism . . . . 281 Emery, F. P. Notes on English Literature . . 85 Child, Theodore. Spanish-American Republics. 432 Epictetus, The Discourses of (trans. by George Church, A. J. The Story of the Iliad ... Long) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 Church, A. J. The Story of the Odyssey .. 391 Everett, C. C. Ethics for Young People .... 355 Clarke, James Freeman, Autobiography, Diary, Ewing, Juliana Horatia. Last Words . . 287 and Correspondence of (edited by E. E. Hale) 113 Farrar, Frederick W. Places that Our Lord Loved 282 Cobbe, Frances Power Sly and his Neighbors. 289 Finck, Henry T. Spain and Morocco . . . . 102 Coleridge, S. T. The Ancient Mariner, holiday Finley, Martha. Elsie's Vacation . . . . . 290 edition . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Fiske, John. The American Revolution. . . . 135 Collingwood, W. A. The Art Teaching of John Fitch, Clyde. The Knighting of the Twins. . 290 Ruskin . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 Fletcher, R. H. Marjorie and her Papa . . . 290 Collins, John Churton. The Study of English Forbes, Edwin. An Artist's Story of the Great Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . War . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Columbus, The Secrete Log-Boke of... Frederic, Harold. The Young Emperor, William Compayré, Gabriel. The Elements of Psychology II. of Germany.. 218 (trans. by W. H. Payne). . . . . . . Freeman, Edward A. The History of Sicily from Cone, Helen Gray. The Ride to the Lady. 357 the Earliest Times . 319 Conway, William M. Dawn of Art in the An- Fremont, Jessie Benton. The Will and the Way cient World . . . . . . . . . . . 436 Stories . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 Cooke, George Willis. Browning Guide-Book . 22 Froude, James Anthony. The Divorce of Cath- Cope, Rufus. The Distribution of Wealth . . 13 arine of Aragon . . . . . . . . . . 436 Cory, Florence E. Brownie Paper Dolls ... 290 Fry, E. N. Leigh. Shreds and Patches ... 289 Couperus, Louis Marie Anne. Eline Vere . . 427 Fuller, A. W., and Wheeler, W. A. Artistic Cowan, J. F. The Jo-Boat Boys . . . . . 289 Homes, fifth edition . . . . . . . . 285 Craddock, Charles Egbert. In the “Stranger Garrett, Edmund H. Elizabethan Songs in Hon- People's ” Country . . . . . . . . . our of Love and Beautie . . . . . . . 280 Crane, Thomas F. Chansons Populaires de la Garrett, Edmund H. Flowers of Fancy . . . 283 France . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Garrett, Edmund H. Roses of Romance . . . Crane, Walter. Queen Summer . . . . . 290 Gibson, William Hamilton. Sharp Eyes . . . 282 Crane, Walter. Renascence . . . . . . . 108 Gilder, Richard Watson. Two Worlds ... 359 Crawford, F. Marion. The Witch of Prague : 276 Gilman, N. P., and Jackson, E. P. Conduct as Croly, Mrs. J. C. Thrown upon her Own Re- a Fine Art. . . . . . . . . . . . 304 sources, . . . . . . . . . . . 290 Gordon, Isabel. Wedding Bells . . . . . Cronise, Florence M. Princess Ilse . . . . 290 Gordon, Julien. A Puritan Pagan . . . . . Curtis, George William. From the Easy Chair 364 Graham, William. Socialism, New and Old . . 12 Daniell, G. W. Life of Bishop Wilberforce . . 363 Grasby, W. Cotton. Teaching in Three Con- Danilevski, Gregory Petrovitch. The Princess tinents . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Tarakanova (trans. by Madame de Moucha- Gregory, Frank M. Magnificat. . . . . 285 noff) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 Gregory, Frank M. Songs from the Operas 285 . Dante. The Divine Comedy (trans. by C. E. Groves, J. Percy. With the Green Jackets . . 290 Norton) . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Guérin, Maurice de, Journal of (trans. by Jessie Davis, Richard Harding. Stories for Boys . . 287 P. Frothingham). . . . . . . . . 115 Day, Francis. The Society Calendar . . . . 285 Guillemard, F. H. H. Ferdinand Magellan .. 220 De Quincey, Thomas, Collected Writings of (ed Gunsaulus, Frank W. Monk and Knight .. 48 ited by David Masson). . . . . . . . 99 Gunsaulus, Frank W. Phidias ...... 359 Derthick, W. M. Manual of Music ..... Gunton, George. Principles of Social Economics 14 Diaz, Abby Morton. Mother Goose's Christmas Hale, Edward Everett. Four and Five . .. 289 Party . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Hannay, David. Life of Admiral Rodney . . 331 Diniz, Julio. The Fidalgos of Casa Mourisca Hanscom, Elizabeth Deering. Lamb's Essays, a (trans. by Roxana L. Dabney) . . . . . 521 Biographical Study . . . . . . . . . 115 425 an 283 . . . . 282 277 180 INDEX. 361 : :.· 200 el Chandler. Balsami 213 287 209 Hardy, Arthur Sherburne. Life and Letters of Jerrold, Blanchard. Life of Gustave Doré. . 281 Joseph Hardy Veesima . . . . . . . 3:27 | Johnson, Charles. English Words . . . . . Hardy, Thomas. Tess of the D'l'rbervilles . . 4:24 Johnston, Richard Malcolm. Studies, Literary Harlow, Louis K. Bits of Old Concord .. 282 and Social . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 Harper's Young People for 1891 . . . . . Johnston, Richard Malcolm. The Primes and Harris, Joel Chandler. Balaam and his Master 50 their Veighbors . . . . . . . . . . 50 Harrison, Carter H. A Summer's Outing . . 104 Jones, Henry. Browning as a Philosophical and Harrison, Jane E. Introductory Studies in Greek Religious Teacher . . . . . . . . . 221 Art. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 Kaplan, A. (). The Baby's Biography. ... 285 Harte, Bret. A First Family of Tasajara .. :24 Kaufman, Richard. Paris of To-day (trans. by Harte, Bret. A Sappho of Green Springs .. 30 Olga Flinch) . . . Heine, Heinrich, The Works of (trans. by C. G. Kears. C. F. The Vikings in Western Christendom 81 Leland) . . . . . . . . . . . . Keats, John, Letters to his Family (edited by Henty, G. A. Held Fast for England . .. . . 286 Sidney Colvin) . . . . . . . . . . 221 Henty, G, A. Redskin and Cow-Boy . . . . 286 Keinble, Frances Anne. Further Records, 1818- Henty, G. A. The Dash for Khartoum . . . 286 1883 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Higginson, Thomas Wentworth. Life of Francis Kennan, George. Siberia and the Exile System 283 Higginson . . . son . . . . . . . Kent, Charles. Leigh Hunt as Poet and Essayist 330 . . . . Higginson, Thomas Wentworth. The New World Kirkland, Miss E. S. A Short History of England 439 and the New Book . ........ Kluge, Friedrich. An Etvinological Dictionary of Hill, George Birbeek. Writers and Readers . 365 the German Language (trans. by J. F. Davis) Hitchcock, Thomas. ['nhappy Loves of Men of Knight, William. Essays in Philosophy, New and Genius . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Old . . . Hodgkin, Thomas. Theodorie the Goth ... 332 Knox, T. W. The Boy Travellers in Northern Höffding, Harold. Outlines of Psychology (trans. Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . by Mary E. Loundes) . . . . . . . . 18 Krehbiel, Henry Edward. Studies in the Wag- Holder, Charles Frederiek. Charles Darwin . 179 nerian Drama . . . . . . . . . . . 362 Holmes, Oliver Wendell. The One Hoss Shar, Ladd, G.T. Outlines of Physiological Psychology 18 - holidar edition . . . . . . . . . . 283 La Fayette, Madame de. The Princess of Clèves Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Writings of . . . . (trans. by Thomas Sergeant Perry) . . . 428 Homer. The Odyssey (trans. by George H. Lamb, Charles, Dramatic Essays of (edited by Palmer) . . . . . . . . 395 . . . 1-13 Brander Matthews). . . . . . . . . Hood, Tbomas. Tom Tucker and Little Bo-Peep 290 | Lang, Andrew. Essars in Little . . . . . Hosmer, James K. A Short History of Anglo- Lang, Andrew. The Blue Poetry Book ... 3600 Saxon Freedom . 20 Latham, Charles Sterrett. A Translation of Howani, John R. Henry Ward Beecher : A Dante's Eleven Letters . . . . . . . 219 Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 | Lecky, William E. H. Poems ...... 336 Hover, Richard. Launcelot and Guenevere. . 339 Lee, Florence Pohlman. Sunshine in Life .. 360 Howells, W. D. Criticism and Fiction . . 14 | Lee, Sidner. Stratford-on-Avon . . . . . 55 Howells, W. D. Venetian Life, holidar edition 200 Leighton, Robert. The Pilots of Pomona . . 286 Hug, Lina, and Stead, Richard. The Story of Lerer, Charles. Charles O'Maller . . . . . 283 Switzerland . . . . . 288 . . . . . 23 | Lippmann, Julie M. Jock o' Dreams . . . Huggins, E. L. Winona ........ 111 | Lockwood, Ingersoll. Little Captain Doppelkop Humphrey, Mand. Mother Goose . . . . . ! Lodge, Henry Cabot. Boston . . . . . . Humphrer, Maud. Shaped Figure Calendars, 283 285 | Loftie, W.J. Westminster Abber . . . . . 333 Humphrer. Maud. The Mother Goose Calendar 203 Longfellow, H. W. The Day is Done, holiday Hunt, Leigh, Essars and Poems of (edited by edition. . . . . . . . . . . . 283 R. B. Johnson) . . . . . . . . 288 . Loughead, Flora Haines. The Abandoned Farm Hurst, John F. Indika . . . . . . . . 32 Lounsbury, Thomas R. Studies in Chancer . . 351 Hutchinson, H. X. The Autobiograpy of the Lorell, Kate R. Nature's Wonder Workers 180 Earth . . . . . . . . . . . 15 | Low, Marie, and West, Maud. Through Wood- Hutton, Laurence. Literary Landmarks of Edin- land and Meadow . . . . . . . . . 283 burgh . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lowell, J. R. Latest Literary Escars and Ad- Ireland, Jrs Alexander. Life of Jane Welsh dresses . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Carlyle . . . . . . . . . . . | Lowell, J. R. (des Lyrics, and Sonnets ... 360 Irving, Washington. Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Lowell, Perrinal. loco . . . . . . . . 102 holidar edition . .. 284' Lucas, Fred W. 84 Appendieulæ Historicæ. Irving, Washington. The Alhambra, - Larro" Lyon, Irving Whitall. The Colonial Furniture edition . . . . . . . . . . . . of New England . . . 387 . . . . . . . Ivenaga, Torokiehi. The Constitutional Develop Mabie, Hamilton Wright. Short Studies in Lit- ment of Japan . . . . . . . . . 31 erature . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 Jackson, Helen Hunt. Calendar of Sonnets. 283 Mabie, Hamilton Wright. I'nder the Trees and Jameson, J. Franklin. The History of Histo Elsewhere. . . . . . . . . rical Writing in America. . . . . . . 313 Machar, Thomas A Plea for Liberty .... Jamison, Ms. C.V. Ldr Jane . . . . 87 Machie, Charles Paul. With the Admiral of the Janvier, Thomas A. Stories of Old New Spain. 31 Ocean Sea . . . . . . . . . . . . Jerome, Jerome K. Diary of a Rlgrimage. - 103 Jaclar, Edigar S. Journal of William Maclar. 78 Jerome, Jerome K. On the Stage - and Off. 150. Mahaffv, J. P. Greek Claskal Literature . . 331 288 333 145 394 84 76 INDEX. vii. 281 54 284 381 Major, George Macdonald. In the Gods' Shadow 110 | Plato. Talks with Athenian Youths . . . . 24 Markham, Albert Hastings. Life of Sir John Plympton, Miss A. G. Betty, a Butterfly . . 287 Franklin . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 Porter, Jane. The Scottish Chiefs . . . . 282 Marshall, Alfred. Principles of Economics. . 174 Praeger, Ferdinand. Wagner as I Knew Him. 437 Marshall, John. History of Greek Philosophy. 145 Pyle, Howard. A Modern Aladdin . . . . 286 Mason, Amelia Gere. The Women of the French Pyle, Howard. Men of Iron . . . . . . . 286 Salons . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quiller-Couch, A. T. The Warwickshire Avon. 273 Mason, Caroline A. The Lost Ring . . . . 357 Raffensberger, Anna F. Led in Unknown Paths 290 Mather, J. Marshall. John Ruskin .... 222 Ransome, Cyril. Short Studies of Shakespeare's McCarthy, Justin. Life of Sir Robert Peel . . 23 Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . Meade, Miss L. T. A Sweet Girl Graduate ... 290 Ray, Anna Chapin. Half a Dozen Girls ... 289 Meade, Miss L. T. The Children of Wilton Chase 290 Reese, Lizette Woodworth. A Handful of Lav- Menefee, Maud. How the Rose Found the King's ender . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 Daughters . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Repplier, Agnes. Points of View . . . . . 220 Meredith, George. The Tragic Comedians . . 425 | Reynolds, Sir Joshua. Discourses on Art (edited Merivale, Herman, and Marzials, F. T. Life of by E. G. Johnson) . . . . . . . . . 282 Thackeray . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Richards, A. M. Letter and Spirit...... 111 Meyers, Annie Nathan. Woman's Work in America 144 Riley, James Whitcomb. An Old Sweetheart of Miller, Olive Thorne. The Woman's Club - 223 Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . Milman, Helen. The Little Ladies . . . . 290 Roberts, Charles G. D. Canadian Guide-Book . 115 Molesworth, Mrs. Nurse Heatherdale's Story . 290 | Roberts, Charles Humphrey. Down the ()-hi-o . 49 Monier-Williams, Sir Monier. Brahmanism and Roche, James Jeffrey. The Story of the Fili- Hinduism . . . . . . . . . . . . busters . . . . . . . . . . 363 . . . . Monroe, Harriet. Valeria . . . . . . . . 358 Roche, Regina Maria. The Children of the Abbey 282 Monroe, Kirk. Prince Dusty . . . . . . 289 Rockhill, William Woodville. The Land of the Montaigne, M. de. The Education of Children, Lamas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 holiday edition . . . . . . . . 284 Roe, E. P. Near to Nature's Heart, holiday edition 285 Moody, Martha L. The Little Millionaire. 290 Roosevelt, Theodore. History of New York. . 54 Moore, George. Impressions and Opinions .. 179 Rose and Lavender . . . . . . . . . . 290 Moore, George. Vain Fortune . . . . . . 424 Ruskin, John. Pre-Raphaelitism, holiday edition 284 Moore, Thomas. Lalla Rookh (edited by Francis Russell, G. W. E. Life of Gladstone . . . . 178 F. Browne) . . . . . . . . . . 282 Saint-Amand, Imbert de. Marie Antoinette and Morley, Henry. English Writers, Vols. 6 and 7 362 the Downfall of Royalty . . . . . . Morley, John. Studies in Literature . . . . 361 Saint-Amand, Imbert de Marie Antoinette at Morley, Margaret W. A Song of Life .. 363 the Tuilleries . . . . . . . . . . . Morris, Charles. The Knights of the Round Table 284 Saint-Amand, Imbert de. Marie Louise and the Morris, Harrison S. Where Meadows Meet the Invasion of 1814 . . . . . . . . . Sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Saint-Amand, Imbert de. Marie Louise, Elba, and Morris, William. The Story of the Glittering the Hundred Days . . . . . . . . . Plain . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 Sainte-Beuve, C. A. Portraits of Men (trans. by Müller, F. Max. Physical Religion . .. . Forsyth Edeveain) . . . . . . . . Munk, Dr. The Student's Greek Tragedy (ed- Saintsbury, George. Tales of Mystery . ... 426 ited by A. W. Verrall). . . . . . . 145 Saltus, Francis S. The Witch of En-Dor. .. 110 Munkittrick, R. K. Farming . . . . . . Sanborn, Kate. Adopting an Abandoned Farm . 223 Nichols, Ida Preston. Princess Girlikin . . . 290 Savidge, Eugene Coleman. Life of Benjamin Norman, Henry. The Real Japan . . . . . 431 Harris Brewster . . . . . . . . . . 330 O'Connor, William Douglas. Three Tales. 279 Scherer, Edmond. Essays on English Literature Ogden, Ruth. Courage . . . . . . . . (trans. by George Saintsbury) . . . . . 330 Oliphant, Margaret O. W. Memoir of the Life Schubin, Ossip. Boris Lensky (trans. by Elise of Laurence Oliphant. . . . . . . . L. Lathrop) . . . . . . . . . . . Oliphant, Mrs. Jerusalem, the Holy City .. Scidmore, Eliza R. Jinrikisha Days in Japan. 102 Oliphant, Mrs. The Makers of Florence, holiday Scott, Sir Walter. The Lady of the Lake (edited edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 by Francis F. Browne). . . . . . . . Orr, Mrs. Sutherland. Life and Letters of Rob- Seaside Fun . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 ert Browning . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Seawell, Molly Elliot. Midshipman Paulding . 287 Our Little Men and Women for 1891 . . . . 290 Seeley, Charles Sumner. The Spanish Galleon . 277 Page, Thomas Nelson. Among the Camps .. 286 Shaw, G. Bernard. Fabian Essays in Socialism . . 12 Page, Thomas Nelson. Elsket . . . . . . 278 Shelley, Percy Bysshe. Defense of Poetry (ed- Page, Thomas Nelson. On Newfound River . 278 ited by A. C. Cook). . . . . . . . . Pansy for 1891 . 290 Sheppard, Elizabeth. Charles Auchester . . . Parsons, Theophilus. The Professor's Letters . 115 Shorthouse, J. H. Blanche, Lady Falaise ... Peacock, Thomas Love. Headlong Hall . . . Shoup, F. A. Mechanism and Personality.. 19 Peacock, Thomas Love. Melincourt. . . 425 Sidgwick, Henry. The Elements of Politics . . Peacock, Thomas Love. Nightmare Abbey . . Sienkiewicz, Henryk. The Deluge (trans. by Perry, Thomas Sergeant. History of Greek Lit- Jeremiah Curtin) . . . . . . . . . erature . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 112 Sladen, Douglas. A Poetry of Exile .... Piozzi, Mrs. Glimpses of Italian Society in the Sladen, Douglas. Australian Lyrics . . 112 Eighteenth Century . . . . . . . . . 439 | Sladen, Douglas. Edward the Black Prince, 45 180 288 138 51 A3:2 282 364 279 279 215 425 427 112 viii. INDEX. 52 les Dudley. As wew.:::. 423 Sladen, Douglas. The Spanish Armada... 112 Thwaites, Reuben G. The Story of Wisconsin . 23 Sladen, Douglas. Younger American Poets, Townsend, Virginia F. Mostly Marjorie Day. 289 1830-1890 . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Troup, J. Rose. With Stanley's Rear Column . 41 Smith, C. McKnight. Drift from the Sea of Life 284 Trowbridge, John. The Electrical Boy . . . 288 Smith, C. McKnight. The Sea of Life Calendar 285 Valdes, Señor. Scum . . . . . . . . . 51 Smith, F. Hopkinson. Colonel Carter of Carters Valera, Juan. Doña Luz (trans. by Mary J. ville . . Serrano) . . . . . . . . . . . . Smith, Mary C. W. Jolly Good Times at Hack Valera, Juan. Pepita Ximinez (trans. by Mary matack . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 J. Serrano) . . . . . . . . . . . Smythe, Albert E. S. Poems Grave and Gay - 108 | Van Dyke, Henry. The Poetry of Tennyson : 222 Spalding, J. L. Education and the Higher Life 22 Vincent, John Martin. State and Federal Gov- Spencer, Herbert. Justice . . . 169 ernment in Switzerland . . . . . . .. 324 Stanley, Dean. Historical Memorials of West- Vogan, A. J. The Black Police . . . . . 290 minster Abbey . . . . . . . . . 281 Wadsworth, Wedworth. Leaves from an Artist's Starrett, Helen Ekin. Pete, the Story of a Chicken 289 Field-Book . . . . . . . . . . 282 Staver, Mary Wiley. New and True .... 290 Walker, George Leon. Thomas Hooker . . . 393 Stephenson, Andrew. Public Lands and Agrarian Wallace, Alfred Russel. Natural Selection and Laws of the Roman Republic . . . . . 395 Tropical Nature . . . . . . . . . . 223 Stephens, H. Morse. The Story of Portugal. .. 435 Wallace, Lew. Ben Hur, “Garfield” edition : 281 Stevens, Thomas. Through Russia on a Mustang 103 Ward, Elizabeth S. P. Memoir of Austin Phelps 328 Stillé, Charles J. The Life and Times of John Ward, Elizabeth S. P., and H. D. A Lost Hero 289 Dickinson . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Ward, Mrs. Humphry. The History of David Stockton, Frank R. The House of Martha.. 278 Grieve . . . Stockton, Frank R. The Squirrel Inn . . . . 278 Warner, Charles Dudley. As We Were Saying 221 Stoddard, Charles Augustus. Across Russia. . 433 Warner, Charles Dudley. Our Italy . . . . 101 Stoddard, W. 0. Little Smoke . . . . . . 286 “ Watermelon ” Calendar . . . . . . . . 285 Story, W. W. Excursions in Art and Letters. 84 Waterton, Charles. Wanderings in South America 433 St. Nicholas Magazine for 1891 . . . . . . 290 Wells, D. A., and Codman, John. The Question Straight On . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 of Ships . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Sunter, Pauline. The Surprise Calendar . . . 285 Wendell, Barrett Cotton Mather . . . . . 393 Suttner, Bertha von. “Ground Arms !” (trans. Wendell, Barrett. English Composition . . . 332 by Alice Asbury Abbott) . . . . . . . 426 Wesselhoeft, Lily. Old Rough the Miser :: 288 Sybel, Heinrich von. The Founding of the Ger- Westermarck, Edward. The History of Human man Empire (trans. by M. L. Perrin) 54, 218, 428 Marriage . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Sydney, William Conner. England and the En- Weyman, Stanley J. The Story of Francis Cludde 276 glish in the Eighteenth Century . . . . . 270 Whitman, Sidney. Imperial Germany. . . . 217 Symonds, John Addington. Essays, Speculative Whittier, J. G. Snow Bound, holiday edition : 283 and Suggestive . . . . . . . . . . 176 Whymper, Edward. Travels Amongst the Great Talleyrand, Prince de, Memoirs of the (edited by Andes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 the Duc de Broglie, trans. by R. L. de Beau Wicksteed, Philip H. 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(No. 67 in the “Questions of the Day" series.) 12mo, 120 pages, cloth extra, $1.10. THE FOUNDING OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE. VOLUME III. Based chiefly on Prussian State Documents. By HEINRICH Von SYBEL. Translated by Mar- SHALL LIVINGSTON Perrin, assisted by GAMA- LIEL BRADFORD, Jr. Vol. III. 478 pages, with portrait of Von Moltke. 8vo, gilt top, $2.00 ; half morocco, $3.00. To be completed in five volumes. The motto that marks the spirit of the Third Volume of Professor Von Sy bel's great history is this: “He who sows the wind shall reap the whirlwind." The volume is almost wholly occupied with the dramatic events that occurred be- tween 1818, when King Christian of Denmark, he who had so recklessly sowed the wind, died, and 1864, when the pre- liminaries of peace between Denmark and Germany were signed. In those days a great cloud of dust obscured the so- called Schleswig-Holstein question. Professor Von Sybel shows how simple the question really was, and, in his most lucid and brilliant style, he pictures the various exciting epi- sodes of the Danish war. It is one of the most enthralling histories ever penned, and greatly enhances the value of the whole work. LEADERS IN SCIENCE. I. Life and Work of Charles Darwin. By CHARLES F. HOLDER, author of " Living Lights," " The Ivory King," etc. 12mo, illustrated, cloth, $1.50. CONTENTS: The Boy Darwin-College Days-- The Young Naturalist-In Southern Seas-In the Land of the Sacred Tree-Among the Fossils—The Land of Giants - The Foot of the Andes--In the Earthquake Country-- In the Red Snow Country-Among the Ocean Volcanoes-In the Garden of the Sea-Darwin the Naturalist --- Home Life--The Work of a Life-Honors of a Lifetime-The Darwin Family- Darwin- ism-The Darwin Memorial-Appendix. *** List of Spring Publications sent on application. THOMAS Y. CROWELL & CO., No. 46 E. Fourteenth St., NEW YORK. 1891.] THE DIAL NOW READY. HOUGHTON, Mifflin & Co.'s NEW BOOKS. THE THIRTEENTH EDITION OF MEN AND WOMEN JAMES FREEMAN CLARKE. Autobiography, Diary, and Correspondence. Edited and Supplemented by EDWARD EVERETT HALE, OF THE TIME. D.D. With a steel Portrait. Crown 8vo, $1.50. A very interesting book on one of the wisest and A DICTIONARY OF CONTEMPORARIES, most public-spirited of Americans. Containing Biographical Notices of Eminent LIFE OF LONGFELLOW. Characters of both sexes. Revised and With Extracts from his Journals and Correspondence. brought down to the present time By SAMUEL LONGFELLOW. With seven Portraits, - BY- and other Illustrations. New Edition, re-arranged in chronological order. 3 vols., crown 8vo, gilt top, GEORGE WASHINGTON Moon, Hon. F.R.S.L. $6.00. Large 8vo, 1024 pages, cloth, price $5.00. THE ODYSSEY OF HOMER. Translated into English Rhythmic Prose. By GEORGE Since the appearance of the Twelfth Edition (four H. PALMER, Professor in Harvard University. Crown 8vo, $2.00. years ago), three hundred and seventy individuals This volume contains the entire Odyssey, translated who were noticed in its columns have been removed with singular fidelity to the original and rare beauty by death. Their places are occupied in the present of form. edition by memoirs of seven hundred and forty-four persons whose names during the same period have WHO WROTE THE BIBLE ? come prominently before the public. The total By WASHINGTON GLADDEN, author of “ Applied Chris- number of biographies comprised in this new vol- tianity,” “ The Lord's Prayer,” etc. 16mo, $1.25. ume is two thousand four hundred and fifty. Dr. Gladden here gives, in popular form, the results of the best modern scholarship with regard to the au- In its essential features the work remains un- thorship of the Bible. changed from preceding issues, but the title has been changed from “ Men of the Time” to “ Men CHARLES G. FINNEY. and Women of the Time," the size of the page has Vol. V. of “ American Religious Leaders.” By GEORGE been considerably enlarged, and a number of inter- FREDERICK WRIGHT, Professor in Oberlin Theolog- nal improvements have been made. As far as it ical Seminary. 16mo, gilt top, $1.25. was practicable the sketches, before they were put into type, were submitted to their subjects for re- EXCURSIONS IN ART AND LETTERS vision, and thus they may be considered, to a large By William WETMORE Story, author of “ Roba di extent, autobiographical. The latest information Roma,” “Conversations in a Studio," etc. 16mo, was utilized up to the time of going to press, in or- der to bring the work down to the most recent date CONTENTS: Michel Angelo; Phidias, and the Elgin possible. Marbles; The Art of Casting in Plaster among the An- A greater space has been devoted in this edition cient Greeks and Romans; A Conversation with Marcus Aurelius; Distortions of the English Stage as instanced than in any previous one to American memoirs, in “ Macbeth." which, as heretofore, have been prepared by an American biographer. In this respect the Thir- NOTO: teenth Edition will be found, it is hoped, not less An Unexplored Corner of Japan. valuable than its predecessors. By PERCIVAL LOWELL, author of “ Chosön,” “ The Soul of the Far East,” etc. 16mo, $1.25. $1.25. For sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent postpaid, on re- ceipt of the advertised price, by the Publishers, *** Sold by all Booksellers. Sent, postpaid, on receipt of price, by the Publishers, George Routledge & Sons, Limited, 9 LAFAYETTE PLACE, NEW YORK. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., BOSTON, MASS. THE DIAL [May, 1891. I. THE | D. APPLETON AND COMPANY'S POPULAR SCIENCE New Publications. MONTHLY FOR MAY MR. JANVIER'S NEW BOOK. STORIES OF OLD NEW SPAIN. DOCTOR AN OCTOR ANDREW D. WHITE opens the (Including a new story written especially for this number with a paper on “ Miracles and volume.) By THOMAS A. JANVIER, author of Medicine,” showing how tales of miraculous cures “ Color Studies,” “ The Aztec Treasure-House," grew and multiplied in the middle ages, and how “ The Mexican Guide.” Town AND COUNTRY LIBRARY. 12mo, cloth, with frontispiece, $1.00; the art of medicine was kept down by ecclesias- paper, 50 cents. tical jealousy and greed. Further examples of de- “No other writer has pictured the life of Mexico lusions concerning the cure of disease are given and our Southwest with the vividness, sympathy, and by LEE J. VANCE, who sketches the “ Evolution absolute truthfulness shown in Mr. Janvier's • Stories of Old New Spain.' His work is as realistic as Kip- of Patent Medicine.” One of our newest scien- ling's stories of India, and, like them, it forms an in- tific industries is explained by FREDERIK A. FER valuable literary record. But in this case the writer VALD in an illustrated article entitled “ Ice-making possesses a mellow humor, a grace and charm of ex- pression, and also a genuine force and dramatic power, and Machine Refrigeration.” The controversial which are rarely combined in the clever' stories of the essay, " Professor Huxley on the War-path,” by day. Such literature as this will receive more than the DUKE OF ARGYLL, is concluded in this num- transient recognition." ber. A paper by SHERIDAN DELEPINE, M.B., de- scribes modern methods of “ Fortifying Against Disease.” An illustrated account of “Some Games ELECTRICITY: of the Zuni," several of which are intensely excit- ing, are contributed by J. G. Owens. A promising The Science of the Nineteenth Century. solution of the great educational problem of the day A sketch for general readers. By E. M. CAILLARD, author of “ The Invisible Powers of Nature." is suggested in “An Experiment in Moral Train- Illustrated, 12mo, cloth, $1.25. ing,” by Dr. MARY V. LEE. Some forms of mi- “ The aim which the writer has proposed to herself nute vegetation are described by Mrs. K. B. Clay in the present little work is to give such an outline of POLE, with illustrations, in “ My Garden on an modern electrical science as may be readily understood by readers who have no previous acquaintance with the Onion.” W. C. CAHALL, M.D., sketches the his- subject, and who, though unable to make a serious study tory of “ The French Institute,” giving especial of it, wish to acquire sufficient knowledge to enable attention to its Academy of Sciences. Some of them to follow with intelligent interest the marvellous and rapid progress which is being made in this ever- Froebel's stimulating ideas are set forth in a paper widening field.”—From the Preface. on “ The Education of Children.” DOMINICK DALY tells the strange story of “ The Mexican Messiah," and there are a Sketch and a Portrait III. of Captain Neils HOFFMEYER, a Danish meteor GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ologist of much ability. In the Editor's Table, On the Volcanic Islands and parts of South Amer- attention is called to some of the wonders of elec- ica visited during the Voyage of tricity, under the title of “ The Youngest of the H. M. S. Beagle. Sciences,” and the weakness of recent attempts By CHARLES DARWIN, M.A., F.R.S., etc., author to discredit the doctrine of Natural Selection is of “ The Structure and Distribution of Coral pointed out. Reefs," " The Origin of Species," etc. Third Edition. With Maps and Illustrations. 12mo, Fifty cents a Number ; $5.00 a Year. cloth, $2.50. II. PUBLISHED BY D. APPLETON & CO., 1, 3, & 5 Bond St., NEW YORK. D. APPLETON & CO., PUBLISHERS, 1, 3, & 5 Bond St., NEW YORK. MAY 4 1891 LIBRA BRARY. THE DIAL ---- - No. 133. VOL. XII. MAY, 1891. CONTENTS. THE MEMOIRS OF TALLEYRAND. Martin Wright Sampson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 RECENT DISCUSSIONS IN SOCIOLOGY. John Bascom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 PERRY'S HISTORY OF GREEK LITERATURE. Martin L. D'Ooge .... ....... 15 HANNIBAL AND HIS ART OF WAR. Charles Wallace French . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 RECENT STUDIES IN PSYCHOLOGY AND PHI- LOSOPHY. Joseph Jastrow ..... .. 18 ANGLO-SAXON FREEDOM. Charles H. Cooper . . 20 BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ......... 21 Merivale's and Marzial's Life of Thackeray.--Cooke's Browning Guide-Book.- Spalding's Education and the Higher Life.--Helen Campbell's Anne Bradstreet and Her Times.-Sainte-Beuve's Portraits of Men.--- Thwaites's The Story of Wisconsin.--MeCarthy's Life of Sir Robert Peel.--Knight's Essays in Philosophy. -- Belton's Literary Manual of Foreign Quotations. Saint-Amand's Marie Louise and the Invasion of 1814.-- Talks with Athenian Youths.- Wells's and Codman's The Question of Ships. NOTES ............ 25 TOPICS IN MAY PERIODICALS ....... 25 BOOKS OF THE MONTH .......... 26 ---- - mendous historical drama of our times is ana- lysed for us by one who was sometimes the actor of an important role, sometimes the stage-manager, and sometimes the privileged and critical looker-on from behind the scenes. People who expect to find in these Memoirs a French counterpart of the memoirs of Lord Houghton, will be disappointed: the book is not a collection of fascinating anecdotes and brilliant sayings. Equally disappointed will those persons be who are looking forward to the work as a French counterpart of Scott's Journal : for Talleyrand does not intentionally or unconsciously paint his own portrait; he paints a series of historical pictures, a record of his times. Undoubtedly his own portrait is contained within, but one must seek for it. In short, the book is a solid contribution to history, not a personal narrative with Talley- rand as central figure, not an encyclopædia of the wit of the French salons. Talleyrand's own words give the idea of the work : “When I began these memoirs, I fully made up my mind, rightly or wrongly, to disclose frankly my opin- ion on all that which, either as an act of administra- tion or as a settled project, engaged my attention or that of the public for any length of time." It is Talleyrand the historian, not Talleyrand the autobiographer, who speaks. He tells of himself, for he is part of the history of his time; but it is not Æneas's tale of Troy. “A great part of which I was," is a truth he leaves usaid as self-evident. - N. literature,” says Sainte-Beuve, " is richer in memoirs than French literature." Sainte-Beuve does not use “rich ” as a mere synonym of abundant, as the pages of Talley- rand may prove. That they are rich in value is unnecessary to say when we consider the scope of Talleyrand's life and his ability to read men. In the first two volumes, which lie before us, we are given the essential features of the diplomatic history of France from the “ Years Preceding the Revolution," to the end of the Vienna Congress in 1815. Talleyrand's place in the epochs he describes is unique. A few facts concerning his early life are told in the first chapter. They may be summed up briefly. He was born in 1754, of noble family. " Parental care had not yet come into fashion, and his bringing-up was entrusted to his great- grandmother, and not for a single week in his THE MEMOIRS OF TALLEYRAND).* A Frenchman would probably say that it was highly characteristic of us of the “ fin de siecle" that we turn so readily from one liter- ary sensation to another. At any rate, after being deluged with accounts innumerable of Stanley, the pigmies, and * darkest Africa," it is with a sense of relief that we turn to Tal- leyrand, crowned heads, and the “sunny land of France"; from the devious ways of the jun- gle, to the intricate complications of diplomacy. In each case the story is told by the man who was master of the situation ; but we are ver- tainly not to blame if we find the doings of the makers of history more interesting than tropical explorations, the accounts of which are after all, perhaps, more curious than valu- able. In the Memoirs of Talleyrand, the tre- * MEMOIRS OF THE PRINCE DE TALLEYRAND. Edited, with a Preface and Notes, by the Duc de Broglie. Trans- lated by Raphaël Ledos de Beaufort. With an Introduction by the Hon. Whitelaw Reid. Vols. I. and II. New York : G. P. Putnam's Sons. 10 (May, THE DIAL that he was of." W sweetness life did he “ enjoy the sweetness of being under should be dissolved, and then re-convoked ac- his father's roof.” When still a boy, he was told cording to one or the other of the plans just that he was destined for the Church ; and al- mentioned. He told this opinion to the Comte though the idea was always repugnant to him, d'Artois (afterwards Charles X.), but his ad- he studied theology, and was ordained. The vice - was thought too risky; it was an act of young man had birth and wit, so he was well force, and there was no one about the King to received by the best society; he was ambitious, wield force.” Then the Third Estate organ- he had tact and energy which he employed to ized itself as a National Assembly, the Bastille good purpose, so he soon began to represent was destroyed, and the Emigration began. Tal- the clergy in public affairs. When he became leyrand condemns, most severely and at length, a deputy of the second order (the clergy) to the this emigration, although he does not attach States-General, it was not merely the interests blame to the émigrés themselves. Then the of the Church that he kept in mind. His time came when it was necessary for him, too, position was a stepping-stone. As far as his to become, not exactly an émigré, but a politi- political activity was concerned, the Church cal exile. He sought a scientific mission to was a means, not an end. He wanted power, England to disguise his real course ; but it did and he got it; he always insisted that he loved not avail. He was compelled to leave En- France above all ; and his political theory may gland, and sailed for America. He stayed here be gathered here: thirty months, and then was permitted by the "What madness to pretend to govern the world with Convention to return to France. abstract ideas, with analyses, with incomplete notions Talleyrand's views on America have been so of order and equality, and with purely a metaphysical | thoroughly discussed that it is unnecessary to morality! We have seen the sad results of such idle do more than refer to them. His general views fancies." of the French Revolution may be seen here: It is not difficult to foresee here the man who « The movement then taking place in France was the could say when he thwarted one of Napoleon's result of a passion, or rather of the errors of a passion, pet projects that he did it not only for the common to all men, vanity. In the majority of nations good of France, but for the good of Napoleon | it exists only in a subordinate form, and only constitutes one shade of the national character, ... while too. This takes us beyond the record of Tal- with the French ... it rules in everything with leyrand's youth, and brings us to the pages an individual and collective energy which makes it capa- where he has ceased to speak of purely per ble of greatest excesses. In the French Revolution, sonal matters. this passion did not figure alone; it awakened others His analysis of the causes, beginning, and which it called to its assistance, but these remained sub- ordinate ; they took its color and spirit, acted in ac- effects of the French Revolution shows us the cordance with it and to further its ends. It so far historian. There were but two ways of pre gave the impulse to and directed the movement of the venting the outbreak, he insists, after Necker French Revolution, that one may really say this great determined to summon the States-General. | event was born of vanity.” One way was to limit the number of deputies Talleyrand's portrait of the fifth Duc d'Or- in each Estate, and then so to restrict the léans, Philip Egalité, is a masterpiece of caus- right of election that only the most important tic writing in rank and wealth could be chosen. This "I have thought that a picture of the life of the Duc would have given the first two Estates (the d'Orléans would give the features and the color of nobility and the clergy) power over the the weak and transient reign of Louis XVI.; that it Third Estate (the people or according to would set forth in a tangible manner the general laxity of public and private manners under that reign, as well Abbé Sieyès, the nation). The other method as the degradation in the form of government and in the was to create “a peerage composed of mem habits of the administration ; that a work undertaken bers of the episcopacy and of heads of noble with this view would faithfully depict the character of families of the oldest nobility, greatest wealth an important period of French history. . . . As for the last outbreak ſthe Revolution) it has been but and lustre, and limit the election to the third a frightful catastrophe. The Duc d'Orléans, who order, which would have formed a separate as- | made himself conspicuous in it, only joined in it from his sembly.” love of disorder, his contempt for decency, and his self- But Necker did not adopt either of these | abandonment.” plans ; he made the fatal mistake of allowing | The development of the Duke's character, the the Third Estate to outnumber the other two position that he held among the men of his put together. Talleyrand was a deputy of the time, and the way in which his “ immorality, clergy, and believed that the States-General | extreme frivolity, want of reflection, and weak- se 1891.] 11 THE DIAL ness," showed themselves in whatever he un- sembled at Erfurt. They all flattered Napo- dertook, —these things are the substance of leon. “Petty princes only know how to crawl, fifty most interesting pages. The Duc d'Or and remain crawling till fortune comes to raise léans, says Talleyrand in summing up his ca them. I did not see at Erfurt a single hand reer, “was not either the principle, the object, nobly stroking the lion's mane." or the motive of the Revolution. The impetu The interesting chapter (each chapter is ous tide carried him along with the others.” above all things thoroughly interesting) on The entire chapter is a most. vigorous and Spanish Affairs must be passed over. It is no masterly characterization of the prince who op small praise to say that we see the different posed his king, and who was cheered by the events as from Madrid, so entirely does Talley- populace one day and ignored the next. rand put himself into his subject. Talleyrand became Minister of Foreign Af- ! The second volume begins by telling those fairs under the Directory, and entered into events that led to the fall of the Empire. Tal- long-continued relations with Napoleon. He leyrand's analysis of Napoleon's political virtues easily reconciles this period of his life with his and merits is by no means as brilliant as Taine's monarchical principles. vivid picture. Still, this sentence is compact, - The passing from poligarchy to hereditary mon even if it is rather tame : archs could not be immediate. It was necessary to “ He was not able to enjoy prosperity with modera- make a temporary sovereign who might become sover- tion, nor to bear misfortune with dignity, and it is be- eign for life, and eventually hereditary monarch. ... cause he lacked moral force, that he caused the ruin of The question was not whether Bonaparte had the quali- ties most desirable in a monarch; he had unquestionably Europe and of himself.” those which were indispensable to again accustom France Contrast this with Taine's striking summary of to monarchical discipline, ... and no one pos- Napoleon's career: “ Egoism served by genius." sessed those qualities in the same degree that he did.” Half the volume is given up to the Vienna Talleyrand's services to Napoleon are detail Congress, the proceedings of which are dis- ed simply. The Minister served the Consul cussed in the correspondence between Talley- and the Emperor, furthering those schemes rand and Louis XVIII. This Congress gave that he approved of, openly or secretly trying Talleyrand a grand opportunity that he used to prevent the realization of the plans he with wonderful effect. Admitted to the Con- deemed injurious. In the chapter on the Er gress as the representative of an unsteady goy- furt Interview, the characters of Napoleon, the ernment, he left Vienna as the representative Czar Alexander, Goethe, Talleyrand himself, of a France rendered, by his exertions alone, a are delineated with wonderful vividness. It great power once more. is a most brilliant picture of a most brilliant One cannot make an estimate of Talleyrand event. Napoleon meets the Czar at Erfurt merely from these volumes. A man's own to arrange a new treaty; he takes with him the Memoirs are not sufficient to fix his historical actors of the Comédie Française ; crowned character definitely ; on the other hand, we must heads and eminent personages of France, Ger surely attach some value to his deliberate expla- many, and Russia fill the little town; there is nation of obscure phases of his career. If we see a play every evening ; reception follows recep him changing masters, acting in concert with tion; and under this dazzling outward gaiety the party in power, whatever the party in pow- there is perceptible the undercurrent of nego er might be, we are to look deeper than the tiations of continental importance that make surface for an explanation. He affirms that he some, and threaten more, changes in the map served France better in the way he did than of Europe. In describing this, Talleyrand is he could have done had he followed other at his very best. We are not only made to see courses. Subject to authority, he had to re- the personages of importance, we have revealed pair the mistakes of others ; in his later years to us the secret springs of their actions, and the when he had carte blanche he obtained his different characters become almost as clear and greatest successes, those that helped most the real to us as the characters of Shakespeare. prosperity and glory of France. Napoleon's conversation with Goethe, the first The Memoirs are forcible and clear ; the talks with Talleyrand on the subject of the di- elegance lies in the ideas more than in the vorce, Talleyrand's own negotiations with the words. There is not a single break in the in- Czar, are things that stand out distinctly. Talley- tellectual power of the work. rand rises, moreover, clearly to moral heights in his criticism on the princes and nobles as- MARTIN W'Right SAMPSON. 12 [May, THE DIAL RECENT DISCUSSIONS IN SOCIOLOGY.* progress in society is an exceedingly critical and awkward thing to accomplish, and that The first three volumes in our present group many and just exceptions taken to its methods bear on Socialism, and are in answer, directly still fail to show that the movement, in spite or indirectly, to that stirring question, How of all failures, has not been greatly desirable. and how far ought society to be reconstructed ? Grievous mistakes are often to be preferred to They embrace extreme and antagonistic opin- inactivity. There is a profound difference of ions. Whatever may be the poison of one vol. opinion between the writers here represented ume, its antidote is at hand in another. There and others of a more philanthropic temper as is a popular opinion that wherever rattlesnakes to the actual results of remedial legislation. are found, a plant which offers a specific for We can commend the book as offering a clear, their bite is also present. A corresponding theoretical, and practical consideration of a wide relation is quite likely to exist in the moral array of questions and methods, all bearing on world. Ultra sentiments provoke ultra senti- social and civic construction. Much as we may ments; and if we are not able, in clear thought, dissent from the exact conclusions, it behooves to find the golden mean, we are compelled to us to be familiar with the grounds on which keep near it in action by the strife of conflict- they are reached. The topics considered are: ing forces. That the voice of the people is the The Impracticability of Socialism, The Limits voice of God, can hardly mean that the ex- of Liberty, Liberty for Labor, State Socialism pressed opinions of men at any one moment in the Antipodes, The Discontent of the Work- conform to wisdom, but rather that the inertia ing Classes, Investment, Free Education, The of humanity, which makes it resistful of every Housing of the Working Classes and of the erratic tendency, leaves it open only to those en- Poor, The Evils of State Trading as illustrated during energies in which constructive strength by the Post Office, Free Libraries, The State is found. and Electrical Distribution, The True Line of " A Plea for Libertyis an inviting vol- Deliverance. ume. It opens with an introduction by Her- “Socialism, New and Old," belongs to the bert Spencer, entitled “From Freedom to International Scientific Series.” The first Bondage." This is followed by twelve other one hundred and fifty pages are occupied with discussions by as many different authors. The an historical sketch of Socialism. Something topics are presented in a clear, incisive, and more than another hundred pages are devoted practical way, and usually not in an extreme to a candid and quiet consideration of the the- form. They have one object — the enforce- ory of Socialism; the remainder of the book ment of a conservative temper in all civic | discusses practical reforms which lie in the di- changes ; a sharp criticism of the socialistic rection of Socialism, yet fall decisively short tendencies so pronounced in public action. The of it. The position of the author is that of one citizen of a reserved and indolent moral habit not adverse, in theory, to reformatory legisla- will find them pleasant reading. One full of tion, and willing that each measure should rest the spirit of social reform may be vexed by on its merits. The temper of the volume is them, but ought also to be chastened and in- midway between the one just noticed and the structed by them. The logic of the work is one that follows. The author, without yield- predominantly, though not altogether, this : ing at once to all the claims of beneficent leg- Civic action is difficult, dangerous, gives rise islation, so thought, is willing to give it inter- to many unexpected evils ; we shall, therefore, ested attention. The style of the book, without do well to decline it. These essays do not, as being specially animated, is clear and concise, a whole, give sufficient weight to the fact that and the thought sober and instructive. * A PLEA For Liberty: An Argument against Socialism The last of the three books in our group- and Socialistic Legislation. Edited by Thomas Mackay. New “ Fabian Essays in Socialism”-gives us much York: D. Appleton & Co. SOCIALISM, NEW AND Old. By William Graham, M.A. the same opportunity to become familiar with New York: D. Appleton & Co. the methods of discussion prevalent with lead- Fabian EssaYS IN SOCIALISM. Edited by G. Bernard ing socialists as was afforded by the “ Plea for Shaw. London: Walter Scott. THE DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH; or, The Economic Laws Liberty" in connection with conservative opin- by which Wages and Profits are Determined. By Rufus Cope. ion. We have here eight essays by seven lead- Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott Co. ing - Social Democrats.” The preface affirms PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL Economics. With Criticisms on Current Theories. By George Gunton. New York: G. P. that “ Country readers may accept the book as Putnam's Sons. | a sample of the propaganda carried on by vol- 1891.] 13 THE DIAL unteer lecturers in the workmen's clubs and po- feeling has led to much confusion of thought. litical associations of London." The topics Economics and Sociology are constantly blend- discussed are: The Economic, Historic, Indus- ed. The generalizations of Political Economy trial, and Moral Basis of Socialism ; Property are reached by the separation of a few leading and Industry under Socialism ; The Transition forces from all modifying conditions, and so to Social Democracy ; The Outlook. The es- tracing their results. Sociology restores the says are closely related, and cover the subject. complex and variable circumstances under One is immediately impressed, in reading them, which these tendencies are found at work with the wide separation, the irreconcilable di among men, and thereby brings to them many vergence, between the sentiments and argu- modifications. Our discussions in mechanics ments here current and those we were just now are theoretically sound, but our practical engi. considering. When these essays aim to be neering under them has a thousand undeter- practical, they touch the ground but lightly. mined conditions to consider, due to the mate- The theoretical portions are often remote, the rials employed. We have to choose between conclusions abrupt, and there is a general fa two things : greatly limiting the forces under cility of movement not easily stumbled by dif consideration, and so enabling ourselves to ficulties. The-essays show very little of that trace their results with some accuracy; or ac- sense of oppression, that hopeless and irreme cepting the phenomena in their actual com- diable friction, which the conservative mind plexity, and so losing the power of anything finds so constantly in all progressive theories. like adequate statement. On the other hand, these writers have a far - The Distribution of Wealth " is critical more profound sense of the unendurable na rather than constructive, discursive rather than ture of present social conditions. They are systematic. The author has a vivid and play- animated by a wide and living sympathy with ful fancy, with which he lightens the fatigue the wants of men, and have therefore a more of protracted thought. - The discussion has not just recognition of that inner momentum by been conducted throughout in that subdued which society, like a glacier, is to be pushed monotone regarded as best befitting a calm and forward in spite of rigidity. In the contrast impartial logic.” Mr. Cope belongs to the pro- of the two series, one sees how very distinct is gressive school in Economies. a sharp and clear survey of particulars from a “Political Economy is not a stationary science. It comprehensive view of the entire social prob was not embalmed in the writings of Ricardo, Malthus, lem, and of the agencies by which it is to be and Smith.” (P. 7.) solved. Keen perception is but local and frag “Science is simply the ascertained interpretation of mentary. If we cannot find the safe and prac- facts. That interpretation may or may not be reduced to the form of an abstract generalization. But when ticable means of continuous growth, there comes it is so expressed, every fact must have a place in the the revolution with energies strong enough to theory ; since a theory which runs counter to any fact, break down all barriers. Our caution in ex however plausible or recondite may seem the formula cess ceases to be caution. Our unrestrained in which it is clothed, must be unsound. ... Rules of political economy fitted to one condition of society, audacity sweeps us quite beyond the object of pursuit. | adapted to one day and age, may be wholly imsuited to There is no philosophy of society at other times and conditions." (P. 9.) once sound and safe which does not recognize both the inner laws of growth and their open The outcome of economic forces is by no means modifiable character. necessarily fortunate. The two remaining volumes, though less di- “I believe that prevailing doctrines of economic rectly touching the question of social recon- science, although emanating from eminent writers who are both earnest and sincere, have been fashioned in struction, are full of it. The most constant harmony with the interests of the controlling classes. and ready defense against the facile theories I do not believe that it is one of the essential require- of social change is found in the principles of ments of civilization that the enduring products of the Economics. The result is that these principles toil of millions of people, which represent the savings of labor from year to year, should be gathered and ap- are assailed and defended in a great variety of propriated by a few. I do not believe that any man ways. Political Economy, which was regarded ever earned or was justly entitled to a fortune of mill- a few years since as the most exact and well ions. I do not believe in any law of inheritance whereby established of the social sciences, has fallen | wealth without limit may be transmitted from genera- with many into ill-repute. I be- They deny princi- tion to generation in uninterrupted succession. lieve in a policy which will tend to level down all those ples which, in their application, are barricades gross inequalities that spring from the accident of birth thrown across the highways of progress. This or chance opportunity. I believe in a free and fair 14 [May, THE DIAL -- -- ----- ---- competition as essential to a healthy social and indus- trial life, and in guarding the rights of every man to the acquisitions of industry, enterprise, and skill.” (P. 20.) “As a class, the poor are powerless to extricate them- selves from the condition made for them by agencies over which they have no control. They are a product of our industrial civilization. They are the victims of a fate from which they cannot escape. Paupers are the industrial correlatives of millionaires. ... The problem is one of extreme difficulty, requiring time for solution. But when the theory that capital can do no wrong, and that all competition is legitimate, is aban- doned, and the idea of promoting the welfare of the working-people takes control of legislation, the way will be opened; there will be light enough to mark the path- way to each advancing step.” (P. 292.) The author does not, however, except in a sin- gle instance, favor instant and violent reme- dies. The exception referred to is the pro- posal to reduce the rate of interest. “My purpose in pointing out these limitations on profits is to lead the way to some avenue through which it may be practicable to reach excessive profits by means of effective legislative limitations, general in character, practical in operation, and free from the objections of a tendency to hinder production. The first measure that suggests itself as fully complying with these con- ditions is a low limit on the rate of interest." (P. 318.) The earnest and strenuous temper which per- vades the work is sufficiently indicated by the following passage : “The Church must get its dead theology out of the way. It must cease to antagonize demonstrated truths; it must cease to magnify absurd dogmas and to belittle ethics. While it has in a measure ranged itself in line with modern thought, it is not yet in a position to do the work that belongs to it to do. The sooner the min- istry in general are awakened to a clear perception of the true condition of affairs the better it will be for the Church, considered merely as a temporal organization, and the better it will be for the growth and spread of Christian sentiment and for the good order of society. The social and moral training of the masses of the peo- ple cannot be effectively carried forward without the aid and active coöperation of an intelligent ministry." (P. 359.) The “ Principles of Social Economics” is a careful and systematic working-over of the whole field of Economics from the standpoint of Sociology. Political Economy is treated as a branch of Sociology rather than as a distinct department of inquiry. This method is clearly indicated in the closing passage of the preface : “Instead of a system of commodity' economics which justifies human degradation as a means of cheapening wealth, we have a system of social economics, which shows that the most effective means of promoting the industrial welfare of society on a strictly equitable basis must be sought in influences which develop the wants and elevate the social life and character of the masses.” - It will be observed that this treatment of the subject widens the sphere of economics, in that it applies these principles to society instead of limiting their application to wealth or value." (P. 434.) The thought most interesting and fundamental is that of economic growth as necessarily asso- ciated with the masses. “Nature is intensely democratic. She will only work cheaply when she is serving a large number. Kings and aristocracies may command the unpaid services of slaves, but natural forces will work efficiently only for the million. Millionaires could not travel by steam or communicate by electricity if millions of workmen did not use the same methods. In short, the success of all machine-using industries now primarily depends on the extent to which their products are consumed by the masses. Therefore, the prosperity of the community in general and capitalists in particular depends upon increasing the wants and elevating the social life of the laboring classes.” (P. ix.) “(7) That the possibility of producing on a large scale depends entirely upon the market being extended more rapidly than laborers increase in number-i. e., au increase in the consumption of wealth, per capita, of the population. (8) That such an extension of the mar- ket can only result in an increase in the social wants of the masses, which, under modern conditions, is synony- mous with a rise in the general rate of wages." (P. 89.) “This is of fundamental importance : (1) because the laboring classes constitute the great mass of the community, and therefore most truly represent society; (2) because under democratic institutions, public integ- rity, political and social freedom, depend upon the in- telligence and character of the masses; (3) because un- der factory methods of production, material prosperity and social welfare finally depend upon the consumption of wealth by the laboring classes.” (P. 438.) Herein we believe our author is beneficently and profoundly right. Mr. Gunton shares the feeling of Mr. Cope as to current Economics. “Steeped in the dreary reflections of Malthus, Ricar- do, Mill, and the rest, they may indeed reject with scorn anything that opens a more cheerful view.” (P. 439.) The author has a strong belief in the essen- tially fortunate action of social laws, and is not, therefore, violent in his legislative remedies. The chief criticism we should make on the work is that the intensity of his own view often prevents him from seeing its many modifica- tions. While—as an example—the regulating force of supply and demand may be often over- stated, our author seems to us to have much underrated it. The implications of the asser- tion," It is very doubtful if it can be shown that a single step in the rise of wages, from twelve cents to two dollars a day, has taken place in accordance with the doctrine of de- mand and supply, but almost invariably con- trary to it” (p. 106),—do not seem to us well sustained. Never were opinions on social questions more numerous, more pronounced, more conflicting. Out of this yeasty activity, new insight and new safety are sure to come. John BASCOM. 1891.] 15 THE DIAL - - - - - - PERRY'S IIISTORY OF GREEK LITERATURE.* ripides and his great predecessors must not be ascribed solely to the fact that the last of the When Professor Jebb visited this country a three poets was born with an accidental tend- few years ago, he expressed the hope that some ency towards irreverence, which inspired his competent scholar would write a history of novel treatment of the drama. As a specimen Greek literature that should occupy a place of more just and clear characterization may be between a bare manual and an exhaustive and named the treatment of Anacreon and of that elaborate treatise, and that should set forth the - accomplished man of the world” Lucian, characteristics of the literature of the Greeks while the analysis of the forces that prepared as the outgrowth of the national life and as the the way for Hellenism is thoroughly discrimi- mirror of the Greek mind. To say that Mr. nating. Perry's recent book approaches the fulfilment After a brief discussion of the Greek people, of the hope of the Regius Professor of Greek their language, country, and climate, the author in the University of Cambridge is to give it proceeds to treat of the Epic poetry. Here we high praise. Doubtless, a work more distinct- think we detect the influence of Sir George ively written for the classical student would Cox's views on mythology, and we whisper the come nearer the ideal of Professor Jebb; but caution of Ritschl : “ Du sollst nicht glauben Mr. Perry takes pains to say in his Preface dass Minerva ein blauer Dunst sei.” In the that his attempt is made for the benefit especi. section devoted to Lyric poetry, scant jus- ally of those who have no direct knowledge of tice is done to Stesichorus as the chief repre- the subject, and to secure more fully the suc- sentative of the Dorian choral poetry. In cess of this attempt he has given extracts, Book III., which is devoted to Tragedy and in some cases quite extensive, from the chief Comedy, the writer has shown skill in the syn- author's under discussion in the best transla- opses of the plays, which are sufficiently full tions that can be found. It would be unjust to enable the reader to form a clear idea of the to the character of this book, however, not to plot and the main thought of the play. Not make haste to add that its value to the classical so successful is the attempt to give an idea of student is scarcely less than to the English the setting and mode of representation. We reader, for the whole subject is grasped and notice here a lack of clearness and several in- treated with true insight and with a strong | accuracies. On page 231 there seems to be a sense of the reality of Greek literature and its confusion between the choregus, or provider of kinship with our own. the chorus, and the coryphaeus, or leader. The Such treatment, however, always involves a prologue (p. 233) does not indicate the ap- lurking temptation, to which the author has at proach of the chorus.” The statement on page times fallen an easy prey: it is to take the mod 233 that “the stasimon was the name given to ern point of view in dealing with an ancient the utterance of the chorus later in the play” author. This is noticeable, for example, in his is unmeaning, and the additional words, " when failure to appreciate the true womanly charac- the stage was empty,” involve an error. To ter of Antigone, who, as she herself says, " is say, on page 292, that “the Greeks cared as inclined to share in love and not in hatred. | little for the imaginary unities of time and From this same modernness of spirit comes the place, when they were in their way, as did writer's reiterated plea that the peculiarities Shakspere" is, to say the least, an exaggera- of an author or of a species of writing must be tion. The chorus never stood on the stage found first of all in the environment and pre- (p. 450) to take part in the play as an actor, dominant tendencies of the period in which any and the expenses of preparing the chorus were given work was produced. Great truth as not borne by the city (p. 452). there is in this proposition stated in general The historians receive satisfactory treatment terms, the theory is sometimes overworked, in Book IV., except that Xenophon's charac- and the author is shorn of his proper share of terization seems hardly consistent. In discuss- lity: To say, for example, that the ing the Orators, to whom relatively too little plays of Euripides abound with examples of space is given, Mr. Perry underestimates, we the influence of contemporary study and spec are disposed to think, the artistic element of ulation, is unquestionably true; but it seems their style. Occasional statements, such as that trivial to add that the differences between Eu on page 608—.“ In Greece the polish that was * HISTORY OF GREEK LITERATURE. By Thomas Sergeant given to prose and that makes itself felt im- Perry. Illustrated. New York: Henry Holt & Co. | mediately in the oratory,” etc.,— are out of 16 [May, THE DIAL harmony with the individual treatment of the intellectual and the ästhetic life of a people writings of the orators. More satisfactory is manifest themselves in all phases of its art, Book V., in which the Philosophers are dis- and hence that the same forces that produced cussed. The characterization of Aristotle is the lyrics of Pindar and the tragedies of Soph- more complete and clear than that of Plato : itocles come to expression in the pediment groups is also a much simpler thing to do. The last of the Parthenon and the Niké of Paionios. book discusses the period of decadence in an The mention of this last statue reminds us of interesting manner, and brings the history down a singular mistake of the writer in attributing through the Greek romances, the last of which this piece of sculpture from Olympia to the were written by Achilles Tatius and Longus. Temple of Siké, and calling it a memorial of In this period we should expect to find some the Persian wars. MARTIN L. D'OOGE. notice of the - Christian Fathers,“ whose Greek was no more indifferent than that of some of the later historians and Neoplatonists. The book is written in a clear and lively HANNIBAL AND HIS ART OF WAR.* style, occasionally, however, bordering on what ! No student of Roman history can fail to be seems like banter and familiarity. One would attracted by the personality of Hannibal. The hardly expect to find in a work of this charac story of his life is as romantic as that of Rich- ter the following: - Indeed, a frivolous person ard the Lion-hearted, or of Saladin. In bat- might say that the present impressive attire of tle he was cool and fearless, and a master of the Faculty of Harvard College upon days of strategy. In his personal relations he was gen- ceremony is the only known instance of unin erous and kindly. No knight of the middle herited formality." ages could have been more merciful and con- A second edition of this valuable book ought siderate towards the weak and suffering, or soon to be called for, and we direct attention to more courteous and respectful towards the op- the following misprints and errors that mar the posite sex. Although we can only view him present volume: P. 21. Achilles for Achilleis ; through the hostile eyes of Roman historians, p. 132, Trazen for Troezen ; p. 161, anapaetic they could not wholly blind themselves to his for anapaestic; P. 172, Xenopritos for Xeno virtues, and they were compelled to bear wit- kritos ; p. 275, Libation-Poems for Libation ness to his skill and daring in battle or confess Pourers; p. 280, Thalthybios for Talthybios ; themselves beaten by an unworthy foe. p. 403, Molonian for Molossian ; p. 444, seven The task which this young Carthaginian gen- for eleven ; p. 459, Nicharchus for Nicarchus ; eral imposed upon himself seemed almost im- p. 511, dramatists for dramatist ; p. 514, In possible of accomplishment. His country had taphernes should read - the wife of Intapher found in Rome an implacable foe, at whose nes "'; p. 514, Iotros for Istros; p. 520, drag hands she had suffered disaster and defeat. It omen for dragomans; p. 609, Hermes for was his patriotic ambition to wreak vengeance Ilermae; p. 610, Lysias was never granted citi- upon the proud city, although he knew that his zenship at Athens : pp. 624, 626, Septines for people would give him only a lukewarm sup- Leptines; pp. 640, 642, Dinarches for Dinar port. By his own efforts he collected an army chus; p. 659, Anaximines for Anaximenes, in Spain, with which he crossed the Pyrenees, Hemora for Ilimera ; p. 605, Clazomena for marched to the Rhone, and, having scaled the Clazomenae: p. 675, Sophroniscus for Sophro Alps in spite of the determined opposition of nisons; p. 683, Eleeties for Eleatics ; p. 685, both nature and man, descended into Italy to Maximes for Maxims; p. 721, Shepsis for carry on a war, almost single-handed, against Skepsis; p. 762, Protesialaus for Protesilaus ; the most powerful and warlike nation in the p. 764, Enenus for Evenus ; p. 786, Silunti world. For fifteen years he virtually domi- arins for Silentiarius ; pp. 800 and 819, Er mated the Italian peninsula. menes for Eumenes ; p. 818, Chaeronia for In battle Hannibal was unconquerable, in (haeroneia ; p. 830, Samoeata for Samosata. strategy unequalled, in patience unwearying, A most commendable feature of this book in judgment and foresight the peer of any are the numerous illustrations from sculpture, leader the world has ever produced. Rome vase-painting, and architecture, that are well sent her bravest soldiers against him, and they fitted to impress the characters and scenes of this history, and at the same time to teach the * HANNIBAL: A History of the Art of War among the Car- thaginians and Romans. By Theodore A. Dodge. Illustrated. truth, nowhere else so true as here, that the | Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1891.] THE DIAL 17 ---- -- - - -- -- -- -------- - ---- --- -- were overcome. She put her most skilful gen- / had utterly overthrown --- all but exterminated -- the erals in command of great armies, and he out- Carthaginian power and nationality. Truly, in any other than an army led by such a man, an undertaking witted and defeated them. She expended her like this would have been the wildest frenzy. . . . treasures and poured out the blood of thousands The man whose courage cannot be daunted, whose mind of her citizens without avail. But at last lack of and body are incapable of fatigue, whose soul burns support from the home government accomplish with the divine spark of genius, may always confront ed what Rome could not, and Hannibal saw that the impossible. And Hannibal had faced all this with a full knowledge of what he was about to do. To him his own fate, like that of Carthage, was sealed. there was no impossible. To him, with his honest cause Called home to defend his ungrateful country and unconquerable purpose, there must be a way. It from a Roman invasion, he sorrowfully left the is, indeed, when such a hero looks the all but impossi- land where his fame had been won, and returned ble in the face that he is at his greatest. It is here that he shines forth, clad in all his virtue. Be it that the to fight the foe on African soil. Defeated here, palm of the victor awaits him, be it that he is destined he fled to foreign lands and died in exile. to sink beneath the weight of his herculean task, at His career has been an attractive one to his such a time he is no longer man. He is a demigod !” torians, and many books and commentaries Cannae, the most remarkable battle of the have been written upon it ; but none of them, war, resulted in the severest defeat the Ronians hitherto, have been wholly satisfactory. He had ever suffered. Their army was almost has found his latest and most painstaking bi- and most painstaking bi- annihilated, their generals were slain, and their ographer in Colonel Theodore A. Dodge of the senate was decimated. United States Army. Colonel Dodge's aim “Few battles of ancient times are more marked by has been to write not only a life of Hannibal, ability on the one side and crude management on the but also to give accurate and graphic descrip other than the battle of Cannae. The position was such tions of his battles and campaigns. As a mil- as to place every advantage on Hannibal's side. The manner in which the far from perfect Spanish and Gal- itary man he understands the science of war, lic foot was advanced in a wedge in echelon, and, under and he has been able to consider and interpret the most vehement of attacks by the Roman legions, situations and movements which former writers was first held there, and then withdrawn step by step, have found incomprehensible. He was further | until it had reached the converse position of a reënter- qualified for his work by his familiarity with ing angle, and was then held in place by ordering up the light troops,--all being done under the eye of Han- the theatre of war, having made a careful ex nibal himself, -is a simple masterpiece of battle tactics. amination of the whole country where Hanni The advance at the proper moment of the African in- bal's campaigns were carried on. He has fol fantry, and its wheel right and left upon the flanks of lowed him in his marches and has studied the the disordered and crowded Roman legionaries, is far beyond praise. The whole battle, from the Carthagin- topography of the battle-fields, so that he is | ian standpoint, is a consummate piece of art, having no competent to give an exhaustive and authorita- superior, few equal, examples in the history of war.” tive history of Hannibal's career. His book No general of antiquity led a more blame- is written from the standpoint of a soldier, and less life than Hannibal. Even his enemies contains many technical details of military have found but little in his private character movements and maneuvres which may be more to criticize. Our author says: interesting to the soldier than to the civilian, " Hannibal's character was pure and elevated. His but they are never tiresome. His style is plain habits were simple. He drank little wine, and when and simple, without attempt at embellishment. chief magistrate of Carthage did not recline at his The author has seldom allowed his admiration meals. He sometimes ate but once a day, rose at day- of Hannibal to interrupt the course of his nar- break and retired late, says Frontinus. He faced the rative. An extract will illustrate his style. He cold of the Alps and the scorching sun of Africa with equal unconcern. Only a woman needs shade' quoth is describing the situation when Hannibal and he. Scarcely a fault can be traced to him." his little army, after the trying passage of the One of the most striking features of Hanni- Alps, stood in the plains of Northern Italy. bal's career is the influence which he exerted “ Hannibal had reached his goal. He had with him over his men. From boyhood he had lived in a force of twenty-six thousand men, exhausted phy- sically and morally from their extraordinary toils and the atmosphere of the camp and upon an equal. danger. ... Extraordinary man; wonderful army ! ity with the common soldiers. So deep and Nothing but the tireless nerve-tension of their ever-con abiding was their affection for him that during fident chief prevented this small force from melting all the trials and hardships of the Italian cam- away like the snows they had crossed when spring-tide brings its heat... What was the purpose of this paigns they remained faithful, until scarcely reckless army? To attack on its own soil a people capa- | one of his original army was left. ble of raising three-quarters of a million of men; a peo- “ Hannibal's influence over his men was perhaps his ple which, in the last conflict, but a generation since, i most remarkable quality. He managed to preserve the 18 [May, THE DIAL strictest discipline without the cruel measures which were often, in ancient times, resorted to as a means of compelling subordination. He won the love and confi- dence of his men to an extraordinary degree. He was able to hold their affection in adversity as markedly as in prosperity. He could win from his soldiers the great- est efforts with cheerfulness. This control was obtained by the same means Alexander used,-never-ceasing per- sonal care for the comfort and well-being of his army, his friendly bearing, his own example, and perfect jus- tice in awarding punishments and rewards.” Colonel Dodge's book will be an invaluable contribution to the historical literature of Rome. It settles many vexed questions, and sheds light on many obscure problems. The author is not wholly free from hero-worship, nor is it neces- sary that he should be. The character of Han- nibal is one to excite enthusiastic admiration, and the calm impartiality of the historian does not suffer from an infusion of the warm inter- est of the biographer. It does not appear that the author has anywhere allowed his admira- tion to blind him to facts nor to withhold mer- ited criticism. His historical facts have been mainly drawn from Livy and Polybius, though he has searched industriously for new information in both an- cient and modern writers. And so successful has he been in his search, that his book prob- ably embodies all the knowledge that will ever be obtained in regard to this the greatest of ancient generals. CHARLES WALLACE FRENCH. time, and in turn bear fruit together. That which gives some community to the books forming the subject of this review may be de- scribed as the introduction of the scientific spirit into the study of mental phenomena. In some cases this is the dominant motive and purpose of the work; in others merely a minor charac- teristic. This change of method and interest in the study of mental phenomena has opened up a vista of new problems ; has brought psy- chology into more natural and intimate rela- tions with other sciences; and has, along with other distinctive phases of modern science, been influential in shaping the philosophy and edu- cation of our times. Professor Höffding's admirable “ Outlines of Psychology” has been known in a German translation from the original D translation from the original Danish for some years, and it is from the German translation that the present one is made. The volume is by no means a text-book devoted to the experi- mental phases of modern scientific psychology, but the influences of this method and its results are clearly stamped on every page. The work, with the exception of chapters on Psychological Method, on Mind and Body, and on the Con- scious and the Unconscious, is devoted to the more general problems of the Psychology of Cognition, of Feeling, and of the Will. It is in brief a hand-book of the more general, more the- oretical problems of psychology. The features that recommend it for students of this portion of the subject are the clearness of its style, the general fairness of its perspective, and the truly modern spirit that dominates it. Its chief fault is the looseness with which the line is drawn between psychology and metaphysics, between what may be fairly put together as a working explanation of known facts, and the speculations of an individual. In other ways too there are discussions not strictly germane to the precise matter in hand. If used with an understanding of the fact that it covers in only a limited way a limited portion of psychology, it may be safely recommended as a valuable addition to the psychological literature accessi- ble to English readers. Professor Ladd's work is in a great measure known to those interested in Psychology through the larger “ Elements of Physiological Psy- chology" of which the present outlines form a serviceable condensation. The scope of the two works, as well as the purpose and the arrange- ment, is substantially the same; the one going a little more thoroughly into the subject than the other. The one book has been, and both will - ---- - RECENT STUDIES IN PSYCHOLOGY AND PHILOSOPILY. * While the accident of simultaneous appear- ance from the press is no guarantee of any com- munity of spirit or design, yet it is often strik- ing to note how significant of a common ten- dency are a collection of volumes that happen to be in company upon the reviewer's table. The manifold germs by which public opinion and a consensus of view are originated and dissemin- ated, fructify in various places at the same *OUTLINES OF PSYCHOLOGY. By Harald Höffding. Trans- lated by Mary E. Loundes. New York: Macmillan & Co, OUTLINES OF PhysioLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY. By G. T. Ladd. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. THE SNUL OF Max. By Paul ('arus. Chicago: The Open Court Publishing Co. Ox DOUBLE ConscioUSNESS. By Alfred Binet. Chicago : The Open Court Publishing Co. POWER THROUGH REPOSE. By Annie Payson Call. Bos- ton: Roberts Brothers. MECHANISM AND PERSONALITY. By F. A. Shoup. Bos- ton : Ginn & ('o. COMPAYRE'S ELEMENTS OF PSYCHOLOGY. Translated by W. H. Payne. Boston: Lee & Shepard. 1891.] 19 THE DIAL - - ----- - = - ----- - ---- --- -= = = be, of great service in acquainting English and elaborated, but of which the conscious- readers with the results of the experimental ness of the subject is entirely oblivious. The method in psychology, so many of which are hand that may be pricked and tortured with- scattered in various foreign journals. It is out calling forth any expression from the somewhat to be regretted that the physiological owner, can none the less be used—e.g., by ask- portions of psychology are here so prominently ing the subject to think of a number and strok- treated in neglect of other aspects of psychol ing the hand four times, whereupon four will ogy equally valuable and equally scientific. be the number thought of—as a means of sug- The smaller volume is slightly better in this gesting an idea to an under-consciousness or a respect than the larger, but the perspective is second-consciousness of its owner. From this still defective. The one question of the locali starting point we make quick and startling zation of functions in the brain takes up far steps to cases of automatic writing, to disin- too much space for a treatise of this kind. tegrated and recurrent personalities, and the But we should be grateful for the useful ser like. The study is certainly important and vice Professor Ladd has done, and wait for an fascinating, but this should only serve to em- other to build, upon the basis of his, a more phasize the necessity of caution and reserve. symmetrical work. This caution and reserve is just what M. Binet, Our third work, “ The Soul of Man," by with many others of his colleagues, lacks; and Paul Carus, is not intended as a text-book, it weakens the reliability of his most startling but is addressed to the intelligent general read conclusions. We know too little of the nature er. Its contents are composed of a series of and origin of consciousness and of personality brief essays on the topics of timely interest in to warrant such conclusions as M. Binet draws, modern psychology. The physiological basis and his interpretation of the relation of these of mind is usefully considered by the aid of a morbid states to normal ones is certainly im- profusion of well-chosen illustrations. · There probable. are, too, quite a number of suggestive essays “ Power through Repose” is a distinctly upon phases of comparative psychology, par practical book. It raises a timely cry of warn- ticularly the relation of evolution to mind, ing against the mad rush of modern civilization and upon morbid psychology, particularly the and advances a cure for overstrained nerves fascinating study of hypnotism and illusions. in a renewal of the power to rest. What makes Most of the essays have appeared in “ The the work pertinent to the heading of this re- Open Court," a periodical whose purpose is view is the relation of mind to body, upon " to propagate the religion of science." This which the rationale of the curative process is position, that the ethical and philosophical no founded. This disease of our civilization, this tions of mankind are to be moulded upon the re deadly “Americanitis," is no more a disease of sults of rigid investigation, is naturally promi body than of mind; it is an over-excited state nent throughout; and this aspect of psychologi- of both. Health and disease, education and cal study is more especially elaborated in a cure, both deal with the psycho-physical organ- series of general essays at the close of the work. ism, and this it is that needs the power to be While the work is in a large measure a com gained by repose. We are to become again as pilation, and a useful one, it may fairly claim babes, capable of assuming and maintaining originality by reason of the applications made unconstrained positions, and substituting for of well-known facts and the general philosophy that constant tension and restlessness a muscu- to which the psychology leads. There is no lar relaxation and rest. For those of us who space to outline this philosophic standpoint have so far degenerated that we are unconscious here ; but the reader may be referred, with as of our faults, a special form of exercise is pre- surances of interesting reading, to the pages of scribed whereby to bring out the consciousness Dr. Carus's volume for fuller information. of this unnatural tension. While in its prac- M. Binet's studies of the strange states of tical teachings the theme is somewhat overdone, double consciousness may be viewed as a type the tone of the book is wholesome and it bears a of the richly suggestive lines of experimental wholesome lesson to many of our over-hurried investigations now being opened in France. and over-worried Americans. The chief fact upon which the studies are based The task which Professor Shoup has set him- is the possibility of arousing in the anæsthetic self in his discussion of Mechanism and Per- and paralysed limbs of hysterical patients, sonality” is no easy one; it is nothing less movements and sensations that are received | than to present the most important of meta- THE DIAL (May, physical problems as modified by the modern re- and magazines, till it is one of the popularly- vival of science, " to show what has become of accepted truths, like the nebular hypothesis or metaphysics in the glare of the scientific thought the Asiatic origin of the Ayran nations. The of the day.” The predominent categories under great constitutional histories of Stubbs and which all sciences fall are those of mechanism Hallam and May have traced the development and personality; the former stands for the of those institutions on English soil. Many type of the laws of the physical world, the lat- able writers, from Samuel Adams to John ter for the highest expression of that myster- Fiske and Hannis Taylor, have shown that ious something whereby these laws become American institutions and ideas are but branch- known and knowable. It is a great satisfac es from the old English trunk. There are num- tion to find the discussion of such a subject berless compends of more or less interest and prefaced by an exposition (necessarily brief) value covering either the English or the Amer- of the main facts of sentience and the forms of ican ground. But we know of no other single physiological mechanisms. Had this method volume in which the whole development of been more generally observed in the past, the our institutions and national life is treated so mutual misunderstandings of philosopher and broadly and so instructively, and yet with a physicist might have been less frequent and vivacity that compels the attention and an en- disastrous. The purpose of the work is in the thusiasm that warms the heart. It is a popu- main expository, and this purpose it admirably | lar work in the best sense of the word, one fulfils. It is getting more and more difficult of an excellent and useful class in which the to maintain the historical continuity of philos- results of the laborious research of scholars, ophy as well as the importance of its pursuit whose direct works are inaccessible and unin- under the glare of science; so valuable an aid | teresting to the general reader, are taken by for the student and general reader in so diffi one who is himself a scholar, and popularized, cult a task is therefore welcome. shown in their relations with familiar things, For the last work on our list it is difficult to and so fitted to become a part of the common find a word of praise. The tone and method intellectual property of a nation or a time. of the book are antiquated and superficial. It As one reads a rapid sketch like this, he is this kind of psychology that has made our comes to realize more vividly than before how teachers so unpsychological; and we have much we of to-day owe to those who have strug- enough of it at home without borrowing it gled and endured that we might peacefully from other nations. The book covers in a cate- enjoy. But in spite of all their efforts, more chismal and paragraphic style the whole range than once Anglo-Saxon ideas would have gone of mental phenomena, everywhere giving pe down before the assaults of king or nobles had dantic definitions and cut-and-dried teachings, not a kind Providence intervened. Wherever where stimulus and freedom are so neces- | the Teutons went upon the continent of Eu- sary. Persons for whom this method seems rope they carried with them ideas of local self- adapted have not the mental ripeness to pursue government. In France, Germany, Italy, and the study of psychology. The book is by an able even Russia, the same beginnings of popular author, and it has a worthy object—the pop government were made, and the same line of ularization of psychology ; but the successful development was followed. But in every other accomplishment of this task demands more in country they were sooner or later trodden sight and adaptiveness. iveness. Joseph JASTROW. down. Only in England did they persist; and one shudders to think how narrowly the En- glish escaped the absolutisin that crushed free- ANGLO-SAXON FREEDOM.* dom on the continent, and again and again had need only of a man to do the same for En- It is a marvellous story, though not a new gland. But often enough to prevent the catas- one, that Mr. Hosmer's book tells. The works trophe Providence sent a knave or a fool, and of Freeman and Stubbs have made the idea our freedom was saved for the time. Professor of the Teutonic origin of our institutions fa- Hosmer tells the story well, and no lover of miliar to historical students, and from them it freedom can read it without hearty thankful- has filtered down through compends, text-books, ness to that overruling Power that preserved * A SHORT HISTORY OF ANGLO-Saxon FREEDOM. The for the world so valuable a possession. Polity of the English-Speaking Race Outlined in its Incep- tion, Development, Diffusion, and Present Condition. By The first two-thirds of the book, the part James K. Hosmer. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, | devoted to this historical sketch, is but the in- ----- 1891.] THE DIAL troduction to the weightier matter of the pres. place, are the leaders of the world, clings with ent condition of our hardly-preserved freedom, love to our forms, upholds them with enthusi- its mission in the world, the dangers that asm, and anticipates their full triumph with threaten it, and the need of anxious care that the highest hope.” it be not weakened and thus made unable to In the last chapter Professor Hosmer brings do for the world its work of elevating the forward his favorite idea of a fraternity of masses of men. Perhaps a brief statement of English-speaking men who shall combine to the author's positions will be of most service maintain the leadership of our race, to resist to the reader. He shows the value of free local all assaults upon it from within or without, institutions in training men to independence of and to spread among other nations, so far as spirit and soundness of judgment, thus produc- we may be able, the institutions that have done ing better men and better government than so much for us, and may do much for them. any other system. ('entralization emasculates It is an inspiring thought, though it may seem public spirit, takes away the sense of responsi- | visionary to a hard-headed reader, and who bility, and destroys manliness. Though inis. knows but that in this way the poet's “ feder- takes are made by the people, self-respect is ation of the world ” may be at least partially not destroyed, and men learn to profit by the i realized ? results of their own blunders. Professor Hos We hope this book will be widely read, es- mer's discussion of the present condition of the pecially by young men, for it will tend to coun- American polity leads him to the hopeful con teract that unhealthy, self-clepreciating criti- clusion that we are moving, and in the right vism of our government and people that seems direction. Even the wretched condition of our to be the present fashion, and replace it by a great cities—the conspicuous failure of Amer. wholesome enthusiasm that may lead to more ican government thus far-shows signs of bet- intelligent and patriotic citizenship. terment; while the best forms of local institu- CHARLES H. COOPER. tions are spreading through the South and West, where they are bound to do their edu- cating work. In trying to estimate its future, BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. the author says: “Though Anglo-Saxon freedom in a more or less Nose of this nonsense about me after my partial form has been adopted (it would be better per death,” once said Thackeray impatiently to his haps to say imitated) by every nation in Europe but daughter after reading a biography of the admiring Russia, and in Asia by Japan, the hopes for that free order; and it is largely due to this expression, con- dom, in the future, rest with the English-speaking race. strued, perhaps, too literally, that we have thus far By that race alone it has been preserved amidst a thou- been denied what must prove one of the most in- sand perils; to that race alone is it thoroughly congen- teresting of books,-a complete life of the author ial; if we can conceive the possibility of its disappear- ance among peoples of that race, the chance would be of - Vanity Fair.” The little “Life of Thackeray" small for that freedom's survival. They are the Le- (** Great Writers," A. Lovell & Co.) now before vites to whom, in especial, is committed the guardian us is the most satisfactory sketch of the kind that ship of this ark, so infinitely precious to the world.” we remember to have seen; and as it is evidently He adopts Mr. J. R. Green's judgment that prepared with the sanction and even faint coöpera- " the inevitable issue is to be that the primary tion of the Thackeray family who have hitherto of the world will lie with us. English institu- adhered to the letter of the expression quoted- we may venture to hope that it is an earnest of tions, English speech, English thought, are to something more definitive bye and bye. Available become the main features of the political, so- material for a Life of Thackeray is scarce, and the cial, and intellectual life of mankind.” The present volume, though readable, is necessarily des- figures he quotes from those who have followed ultory; and, unfortunately, the impression of desul- out this thought make one's head swim. Of toriness is emphasized by the fact that the book is this preponderating race, by far the larger part a joint-production - Mr. Herman Merivale con- will be American. With us lies, then, in great tributing the first six chapters and a supplementary measure, the future of the world. If we re- one on - Thackeray's Friendships,” and Mr. Frank T. Marzials the rest. Of the work of the collabora- spect our freedom, as the most of us certainly tors, we rather prefer that of Mr. Marzials. Mr. do, if we are willing to do our share in the Merivale's portion is the enthusiastic tribute of a great work of preserving it and handing it on, warm friend and inflexible admirer, rather than a the future is secure. The great public heart, continuous, impersonal narrative calculated to in- whether we study its pulses among the masses form the reader as to the manner of man Thack- or among those who, by ability, culture, and eray really was. Mr. Merivale is, however, to be 22 [May, THE DIAL credited with a fair amount of interesting Thack- either because they have suggested the thought erayana—some of it, relating to the novelist's an- of the poem, or because they bear on the general cestry and early life, hitherto unpublished. Mr. subject; a list of the best articles and books which Marzials's chapters are somewhat better from a / have been published on each poem ; in the case of biographical and critical standpoint; there is greater the dramas, accounts of their stage presentations ; continuity, a more definite plan, and a more impar reprints of the original prefaces ; any important tial view. Mr. Marzials especially has been obliged, changes in the poems since their first publication. largely, to infer the character of Thackeray from These and many other interesting data have been his works; and it is only fair to say that, in view of | collected by Mr. Cooke, and, being alphabetically the meagreness of material, the authors have made arranged, will be welcome to all old lovers of Brown- out an informing and very acceptable book. Thack- ing and doubtless recruit many new lovers. eray's character was an enigma even to his intimate friends and co-workers. “I have known him eight- / SELDOM has so valuable and so exquisite a col- een years and don't know him yet”-said Jerrold. lection of essays been put into English as has re- Carlyle's opinion is very characteristic. He thought cently appeared from the pen of Bishop Spalding him "a big fellow, soul and body ; of many gifts of Peoria in a volume bearing the title of “ Edu- and qualities (particularly in the Hogarth line, with cation and the Higher Life” (McClurg). Would a dash of Sterne superadded), of enormous appetite that these words of serene wisdom-originally spo- withal, and very uncertain and chaotic in all points ken to youth on collegiate occasions—could be put except his outer breeding, which is fixed enough into the hands of every graduate as he steps from and perfect according to the English style.” Ser- his college halls out into his working life! The geant Ballantine—a very hostile witness—said : subjects here presented lead up clearly through “I never thought him an agreeable companion ; he “ Ideals," “ Exercise of Mind," “ Self-Culture,” was very egotistical, greedy of flattery, and sensi- “ The Love of Excellence,” “Growth and Duty," tive of criticism to a ridiculous extent.” Mr. James and “Right Human Life,” to that true culture T. Fields, like most Americans, found Thackeray which realizes the higher life—which the few at- delightful. In connection with Thackeray's first tain to and yet which is lived for the benefit of all. visit to America, Mr. Fields is quoted as saying: These pages sparkle with bright sayings—worthy “I remember his uproarious shouting and dancing to become familiar quotations—such as, “ The high- when he was told that the tickets to the first course est joy is serious”; “What only the few can at- of lectures were all sold.” The volume is provided tain, cannot be life's real end or the highest good”; with an Index and a complete Bibliography. 6 Joy is good only when it comes unbidden"; "Dis- trust is the last wisdom a great heart learns"; " To The purpose of George Willis Cooke's “ Brown grow is to outgrow”; “ The worst foe of excel- ing Guide-Book " (Houghton) is to furnish explana- | lence is the desire to appear.” Better, however, tory notes to the poems of Robert Browning. Uni- | than beauty of style and sparkle of thought, is the form in style with the Riverside edition of the high spirit of devotion which breathes from every poems, the set thus becomes an annotated Brown sentence-devotion to perfection of mind, of heart, ing. Very much of what is called obscurity in this | of soul, not for its own sake but for its potent in- great poet comes from the fact that he assumes the fluence in the world about us. If • sweetness and reader to be in possession of all needed informa- | light” are to diminish the areas of Philistia, we tion,—when, in fact, it is often difficult to under | shall do well to give Bishop Spalding's golden stand who is speaking, to what time or place the words large currency. Here, too, incidentally, are speaker belongs, and what are the circumstances thoughtful presentations of the value in education under which he speaks. Given these, it becomes of the classics, of historical study, of the sciences, easy to follow his meaning, and to read with pleas and a well-reasoned demand for an American lit- ure instead of difficulty. Such is the service of erature. The book closes with an address on " Uni- fered by the present volume, and it is one that has versity Education," spoken in connection with the not before been conveniently accessible. The Lon- Catholic University at Washington. don Browning Society has labored much along these lines during the last ten years, but the results are In Helen Campbell's - Anne Bradstreet and Her scattered throughout its ten volumes of publications | Time” (Lothrop), we have the story of a unique without any clue to their respective localities and person living in the most unique period of our na- amid a large amount of other matter, some of it tional history. Anne Bradstreet, née Dudley, was very worthless. Mrs. Orr, Mr. Symons, Mr. Foth- a young wife, eighteen years old, when she landed eringham, and others, have published excellent | on American shores among the earliest of those volumes, but these have been expositions rather than American colonists who sought in the New World annotations. Mr. Cooke assumes that a poet is his respite from the wrongs of the Old. Not a very own best interpreter, but he recognizes also that favorable time for the cultivation of literature, since most readers like to know something of the date, every man's energies, or what was left of them place, and circumstances of the writing of a poem ; after his conflicts with the Indians, would seem to the names of books helpful for collateral reading, have been needed for the clearing of wastes, the 1891.] 23 THE DIAL building of homes, the providing for his own mate- sight; and to express what he has learned so that rial comfort. Yet it was not long before Harvard he may influence others, requires sincerity and vigor. College was founded, and the new social structure | Further, he must adhere rigidly to the best. A began to be reared, in the picturesque phrase of great critic, then, must be broad-minded and high- Tyler, “ with its corner-stone resting on a book.” minded; warm-hearted and far-seeing; and as a Some writing was produced, chiefly by the clergy result of these persuasive and convincing qualities, and of a religious character—if anything so mon- he will be found to have the mark of suggestiveness. strous as the theological dogmas of that day can be If Sainte-Beuve is tried by these standards, he will called religious. It was the young woman, Anne | certainly endure the test. The men whose portraits Bradstreet-writing chiefly in secret, in hours sto- are given are: Goethe, De Musset, Chesterfield, len from sleep to ensure no trenching on the day Balzac, Saint-Simon, Camille Desmoulins, Diderot, light duties attendant upon the cares of her rapidly La Bruyère, L'Abbé de Choisy, and Fontenelle. increasing family—who produced the first volume A long and appreciative memoir by William Sharp of American verse. The volume was published in adds to the value of the book. A few familiar London, under the alluring title, “ The Tenth Muse facts may be taken from Sharp's essay. Sainte- Lately Sprung Up in America.” In the light of Beuve was born in Boulogne in 1804 and died in nineteenth century poetical standards, these verses 1869. He studied medicine, but gave up this study are notable for their archæological and historical to enter on a literary career. He wrote reviews at rather than their literary interest; the “ muse” her first, but his aspirations were for poetical success. self, as the type of the highest intellectual develop His poems, however, did not succeed; so he kept ment of the seventeenth century woman, is more on criticising,--fortunately for the world, for as a interesting than anything she wrote under the sway | critic he is facile princeps. of conventional canons of verse-making. And more valuable than either are the pictures contained in The fifth volume in the Story of the States” this biography of that singular phase of human na- series (Lothrop), is by Mr. R. G. Thwaites, and is ture that was represented by our forefathers who devoted to the State of Wisconsin. Mr. Thwaites came to this new land in order that they might begins his history with the earliest geologic age, d according to their own consciences giving us the surprising fact that Wisconsin is not and force other men to do the same.”, The faults only the oldest of the States physically, but that it is of New England are not condoned, yet it is seen really the oldest land formation on the globe. It that, notwithstanding, it is to New England that will no doubt be pleasing to State pride to read that we owe the best elements in our national life. It “ Lofty mountains occupied the present plains of is unfortunate that a volume so good in many re- central Wisconsin--peaks which pierced the clouds spects should have had such careless proof-reading and rivalled the Himalayas of our day” at a time that many slips in spelling and punctuation have when the rest of the world was “buried deep be- been suffered to stand and mar the enjoyment of neath the surface of an almost shoreless ocean.” its pages. Mr. Thwaites sketches the checkered history of the state as it passed from the hands of the Indians to READERS of Matthew Arnold will not have to be the French, then to the English, until it finally be- told that a collection of essays by Sainte-Beuve is a came a member of the great American common- book for them to get. Forsyth Edeveain has trans wealth. Much of this matter has never been given lated ten essays of the great French critic, which ap in connected form before. The last half of the pear in a little volume entitled “Portraits of Men”. book is devoted to its history under the American (McClurg). The book thoroughly deserves its name. flag, and is a well-written sketch of this period. These sketches — sometimes elaborate, sometimes The volume is quite fully illustrated, though some done with a few characteristic strokes — are truly of the pictures are poorly executed and add noth- portraits; there is nothing hazy about them, the ing to the value of the book. features are well-defined, and the spirit of the models is manifest. Sainte-Beuve was the founder In his Life of Sir Robert Peel in - The Queen's of the scientific method of literary criticism, and it is Prime Ministers” series (Harper), Mr. Justin Mc- precisely because his methods were scientific — that Carthy takes, as may be supposed, a favorable view is to say, accurate and appropriate,—that he got at of the character of a statesman whose Toryism was the heart of his subject at once. In recognizing counterbalanced by his common-sense in the great here criticism of a kind that actually satisfies, one issues of Catholic emancipation, electoral reform, is forced to ask what are the traits that make a and the repeal of the Corn Laws. While Peel was critic truly great. A critic is a judge, therefore certainly not an originator, or even an active propa- his attitude must be impartial and his decisions gandist, of the doctrines embodied in these reforms, must be just; he is also an interpreter, and as such he was clear-sighted enough to discern and politic he must be sympathetic and authoritative. How are enough to accept the inevitable—and that betimes. these things to be attained ? Possessed of large Sir Robert Peel's name will ever be honorably experience, the critic must put himself in the place identified with the abolition of the Corn Laws; will of the person he is criticising. This requires in. I even be inscribed on the roll of honor beside those THE DIAL [May, ---- of the true heroes of the cause, Bright and Cobden. ' and how profoundly all are penetrated by the Why? Not because Peel threw himself early into classical spirit. The book is made valuable for the arena, waging the battle of common-sense ready reference by the Index, which is classified and humanity against the forces of stupidity and according to the four languages drawn upon-Latin, self-interest when the issue was doubtful: but be- Italian, French, and German. cause he was an intellectual man who took account of facts, and a politic man who declined to run The new number in Saint-Amand's - Famous counter to manifest tendencies. Mr. McCarthy's Women of the French Court” (Scribner) is entitled narrative is pleasantly written, just, in the main, " Marie Louise and the Invasion of 1814." The affording a good view of Peel's public career, but volume seems to us more interesting than any of dwelling less upon his private character, which was its interesting predecessors: certainly it furnishes eminently engaging, than one could wish. Natur more food for reflection. In the former volumes ally, the whole is tinged with the political and na- we have seen Napoleon at the pinnacle of his for- tional predilections of the writer; and these some tune, the hero of the people, the demi-god of the times show themselves amusingly. The following army, the invincible - man of destiny," the cyno- would have charmed Thackeray: “A seat was sure of prismatic court shows and coronations, the found for Peel in the Irish city of Cashel--the city, world-dictator who, says Heine, “ had but to whistle now a decayed little town, nestling at the foot of a --and the entire Holy Roman Empire danced "; ruin-crowned rock which can be seen with deep in- we see him in the present volume sinking to the terest and delight by the traveller who has lately nadir of his career, the victim of a powerful coali- stood on the Acropolis at Athens!” There is a tion, beaten on French territory and execrated by pleasant flavor of Mrs. Meejor O'Dowd of O'Dowds- | French people, dimly reflecting the men of anti- town” in that statement. quity in his attempted suicide, hurrying away to Elba disguised in the dress of his foes to escape As inviting volume entitled -- Essays in Philos. the fury of his countrymen. The volume is a nota- ophy, New and Old” (Houghton), by William ble addition to this well-conceived, well-translated Knight, contains seven essays on these subjects : series. Idealism and Experience, in Literature, Art, and The latest volume in Messrs. Scribners' series of Life: The Classification of the Sciences; Ethical translations from the Dialogues of Plato contains Philosophy and Evolution ; Eclecticism; Person- the “ Talks with Athenian Youths.” Socrates took ality and the Infinite; Immortality; The Doctrine special pleasure in his converse with these charm- of Metemsychosis. The topics are handled in a ing, ingenuous young loungers of the Agora, and it clear and forcible manner, with a decided flavor of was they who called forth his noblest utterances. philosophy in their treatment. In the discussion The present collection comprises five dialogues : of Eclecticism, the editor gives a just and dicrimin- The Charmidles, the Lysis, and the Laches, treat- ating statement of its value as a philosophy, and in- ing of temperance, friendship, and courage, respec- dicates his own predilection for it. Yet, in the ac- tively; the Euthydemus, in which an examination companying essay on Ethical Philosophy and Evo- of the practical value of philosophy is undertaken ; lution, he seems to us to offer one of the very in- and the Theatetus, treating of the true nature of admissible results of Eclecticism, in his effort to knowledge. The translation seems to us to be ac- combine into one system evolution and intuitive curately, as it certainly is gracefully, done; while morals. The two terms can hardly be parts of a the Introduction and Notes are thorough and in- harmonious universe. The thought is more just by structive. which he reconciles idealism and empiricism as cor- relative factors in practical development. In a volume entitled “ The Question of Ships" (Putnam), Mr. David A. Wells writes of The John DEVOE BELTON'S “ Literary Manual of Decay of our Mercantile Marine—its Cause and Foreign Quotations” (Putnam) differs from the Cure." and Capt. John Codman considers “Ship- average manual of its kind by placing the emphasis ping Subsidies and Bounties." Both have to do on the literary quality of its selections. Only such with a subject of great importance-namely, our quotations are included as have a distinctly literary status in the world's commerce. While both docui. flavor; their origin is explained, and the context ments strongly advocate free trade, they contain of the author set forth; and each one is followed information and statistics valuable to anyone, what- by an illustrative extract from some modern author ever his political bias. Mr. Wells has not only or authors by whom it has been employed, show diagnosed the case, but has also formulated a remedy ing its proper use and the manner in which it has for the disorder. Added to a realizing sense of often become an intimate part of English literature. our failure to obtain a just share of the world's This plan, by which a single quotation is often fol commerce, it is needful to obtain a broader intel- lowed by an appropriate page of entertaining litera- ligence on the subject, in order that knowledge ture, not only makes his book extremely readable, may be sufficiently discriminating to remove the but also exhibits very clearly how much there is in barriers which are obstructive to our commercial common between modern writers in all languages, | prosperity. ------ 1891.] THE DIAL 25 = = == = = NOTES. of prominent Americans. The prospects of this Auxil- iary organization, whose purpose is to bring about “a The new popular edition of Bryce's great work on series of world's conventions of the leaders in the vari- “ The American Commonwealth," issued by Messrs. ous departments of human progress during the exposi- Macmillan & Co., deserves especial commendation be- tion season of 1893,” are extremely good. A neat pam- canse of its extraordinary cheapness considering its ex- phlet has just been issued, giving a report of the work cellent manufacture, and also because it is issued in thus far accomplished, setting forth the plans and pur- competition with an unauthorized and incomplete edi- poses in detail, and giving a list of the various commit- tion lately put upon the market, although at a higher tees through which the plans are to be carried out. price. The Macmillan edition is issued in two volumes, The officers of the Auxiliary are: Charles C. Bonney, at $2.50, containing all the matter of the original $6 President; T. B. Bryan, Vice President; Benjamin But- edition, in nearly as good a form; and it has as clearly terworth, Secretary; L. J. Gage, Treasurer. It has a superior moral claim upon buyers as it has the advan- official connections with the regular Exposition corpora- tage in attractiveness and desirability over the unau- tion and with the United States Commission. thorized edition. In the notice of Mr. Hutton's capital book on “Cu- THE fourth annual report of the Trustees of the New- riosities of the American Stage,” in the April Dial, it berry Library, just published, gives the encouraging was stated that Charlotte Cushman's name was omitted information that the foundations of the permanent from the work - a statement which is incorrect, as a library building are laid, and that the building will further reference to the volume shows. The treatment probably be roofed before the close of the present sea- accorded Miss Cushman might be thought inadequate, son, and made ready for occupancy next year. The but her name is not omitted. report of the librarian, Dr. Poole, shows that 23,242 MR. STEAD's new and somewhat phenomenal period- volumes were added during 1890, making the total ical, the “ Review of Reviews,” shows, in its American number in the library, Jan. 1, 60,614, besides 23,958 edition, a wonderful improvement under the supervision pamphlets. The rare treasures purchased at the sale of of the new editor, Dr. Albert Shaw. The former the Probasco collection in Cincinnati and at the Barlow wretched typography has given place to that which is sale in New York City are described in a manner to neat and attractive; the matter is well arranged and ed- warm the heart of the true bibliophile. An important ited; and if some of the cuts are still crude and bun- step of the past year is the formation of a medical ref-gled, we presume they are the enforced contributions erence library, which now contains 8,816 volumes and of Dr. Shaw's British collaborators, for which he must 8,339 unbound serials and pamphlets; while the medical be blameless. reading-room is supplied with 279 current periodicals. Our philosophical contemporary, “ The Monist,” has The library is now open to the public from the hours of just issued its third number (April). Few persons in 9 to 5 and 7 to 10 o'clock. Chicago, we imagine, are aware of the existence of this MR. E. C. STEDMAN's address before the Twentieth magazine; fewer still, of its really remarkable charac- Century Club, on the evening of April 28, was one of ter and ability. Indeed, its merit is so exceptional that the pleasantest and most notable literary events of re- it is likely to gain a national, even a European, recog- cent years in Chicago. Mr. Stedman's subject was nition before it has gained a local one. It deserves to ** Beauty as an Element of Art and Poetry," the lecture be widely known. Published quarterly, at $2 a year, being one of a series lately given by him at the Johns by the Open Court Publishing Co., 175 La Salle St., Hopkins University. It was a finely critical and grace- ful essay, and was listened to by an appreciative audi- ence. These lectures will, it is hoped, find their later way into a volume. TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. The appointment of Dr. D. S. Jordan, President of May, 1891. the Indiana State University, to the Presidency of the Alcott, Louisa May. Josephine Lazarus. Century. new Stanford University in California, is one to be Anglo-Saxon Freedom. C. H. Cooper. Dial. heartily commended,-guaranteeing as it does the infu Arithmetic, Teaching of. T. H. Safford. Atlantic. sion of the modern spirit and modern methods into the Australia. Sir R. W. Cameron. Forum. Broadway. R. H. Davis. Scribner. organization and management of this new and promis- California Pioneer Mining. E. G. Waite. Century. ing institution. Dr. Jordan, although still a young Canada and the United States. Marquis of Lorne. No. Am. man, had achieved a substantial and practically world- Children, Education of. Popular Science. wide reputation in science before entering the field of | China's Grand Canal, A Voyage on. R. H. Dana. Atlantic. | Colorado's Silver Camp. T. T. Van Wagenen, Cosmopol'n. educational work, in which also he has been signally Confederate Diplomatists, The John Bigelow. Century. successful; and by character and temperament, as well Disease, Fortifying against. Sheridan Delépine. Pop. Sci. as by attainments and experience, he is happily fitted for Dream-Poetry. Bessie A. Ficklen. Scribner. Excise Question. W. S. Andrews. North American. his new career. THE DIAL, to which Dr. Jordan has Farmer's Alliance, The. Overland. been an ever welcome contributor, is glad to offer its | French Institute. 'W.C. Cahall. Popular Science. congratulations to him and to the University. Hannibal and His Art of War. C. W. French. Dial. Heat as a Form of Energy. John Le Conte. Overland. LORD TENNYSON, although declining to promise to Horse-Keeping, Ethics of. H. C. Merwin. Atlantic. write a poem for the opening of the Columbian Expo- Huxley on the War-Path. Duke of Argyll. Popular Science. sition, has accepted, “not without gratitude,” an Hono- Ice-Making. F. A. Fernald. Popular Science. Indian Riders. T. A. Dodge. Harper. rary Membership in the World's Congress Auxiliary. Johnson, Samuel. Walter Besant. Harper. Acceptances have been received also from Max Müller, Judaism. A. S. Isaacs. Arena. Walter Besant, James Bryce, Lord Chief Justice Cole- | Koch and His Lymph. Julius Weiss. Cosmopolitan. Louisbourg, Capture of. Francis Parkman. Atlantic. ridge, Georg Ebers, Emile de Laveleye, and other Lynch Law and Immigration. H. C. Lodge. No. American. distinguished men abroad; as well as from a long list | Miracles and Medicine. A. D. White. Popular Science. Chicago. -- 26 (May, THE DIAL - ---- - -- - - - --- = Napoleon and Religion. H. A. Taine. North American. The Odyssey of Homer. Translated by George Herbert Nicholas I., Court of. G. M. Dallas. Century. Palmer. 12mo, pp. 387, gilt top. Houghton, Mifflin & Ocean Steamship's Company. J. D. J. Kelley. Scribner. Co. $2.00. Orthodoxy in England. - Alfred Momerie. Forum. Under the Trees, and Elsewhere. By Hamilton Wright Psychology and Philosophy, Studies in. Jos. Jastrow. Dial. Mabie, author of "My Study Fire." 16mo, pp. 199, Reciprocity. R. Q. Mills. Forum. uncut. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.25. Religion in Schools. Howard Crosby. Educational Review. Excursions in Art and Letters. By William Wetmore Roman London. Eugene Lawrence. Harper. Story, D.C.L. 16mo, pp. 295. gilt top. Houghton, Mif- Salvation Army. F. W. Farrar. Harper. Shakespeare as an Actor. Alex. Cargill. Scribner. Ain & Co. $1.25. Sociology, Discussions in. John Bascom. Dial. My Lady Nicotine. By J. M. Barrie. 12mo, pp. 265, gilt Sound, Visible. Margaret Hughes and Sophie Herrick. Cent. top. Cassell Pub'g Co. $1.50). South-Western Commerce. W. P. Frye. Forum. Citation of William Shakespeare, Euseby Treen, Joseph Spiritualism. Julian Hawthorne and M.J. Savage. Arena. Carnaby, and Silas Gough, Clerk, before Sir Thomas State Rights and Foreign Relations. T. F. Bayard. Forum. Lucy, touching Deer Stealing. By Walter Savage Lan- State Universities. Horace Davis. Educational Review. dor. With an Introduction by Hamilton Wright Mabie. Talleyrand's Memoirs. M. W. Sampson. Dial. 16mo, pp. 229, gilt top. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.25. University Extension. S. T. Skidmore. Lippincott. Notes on English Literature. By Fred Parker Emery. Uraguay. Theodore Child. Harper. 16mo, pp. 135. Ginn & Co. $1.10. Vivisection. T. W. Kay and Mary P. Jacobi. Century. Warwickshire Avon. A. T. Q. Couch. Harper. ARCHITECTURE AND ART. Washington's Ancestry. M. D. Conway. Harper. Wealth. Messrs. Potter, Phelps, and Chamberlain. No. Am. | Artistic Homes in City and Country, with other Examples Wheat Supply. C. W. Davis. Arena. of Domestic Architecture. By Albert W. Fuller and Wiman Conspiracy. Sir Chas. Tupper. North American. Wm. Arthur Wheeler, Fifth and revised edition, 4to, Zuñi Games. J. G. Owens. Popular Science. with 70 full-page illustrations. Ticknor & Co. $6.00. Adeline's Art Dictionary: Containing a Complete Index of all Termis used in Art, Architecture, etc. Translated from the French and enlarged. Nearly 2000 illustration BOOKS OF THE MONTH. 12mo, pp. 422. D. Appleton & Co. $2.25. (The following list includes all books received by THE DIAL POETRY. during the month of April, 1891.] The Works of William Shakespeare. Edited by Will- iam Aldis Wright. In 9 vols. Vol. II., 8vo, pp. 563, un- BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS. cut. Macmillan & Co. $3.00. Ida Randolph of Virginia: A Historical Novel in Verse. A Publisher and His Friends: Memoir and Correspondence By Caleb Harlan, M.D., author of "Elflora of the Sus- of the Late John Murray, with an Account of the House, 1768-1843. By Samuel Smiles, LL.D., author of "Self- quehanna." With portrait, 16mo, pp. 102. Porter & Help.” In 2 vols., with portraits, Svo, uncut edges. Coates. $1.00. Charles Scribner's Sons. $9.00. Edward the Black Prince : An Epic Drama. By Douglas Sladen. Cassell Pub'g Co. Parchment, $1.00. Dictionary of National Biography. Edited by Leslie Stephen and Sidney Lee. Vol. XXVI., Henry II. to A Poetry of Exiles. By Douglas Sladen. Second edition, Hindley. 8vo, pp. 448, gilt top. Macmillan & Co. $3.75. revised. Cassell Pub'g Co. Parchment, 50 cents. The Life and Times of John Dickinson, 1732-1808. Pre- Australian Lyrics. By Douglas Sladen. Second edition, pared at the Request of the Historical Society of Penn. revised. Cassell Pub'g Co. Parchment, 50 cents. By J. Stillé, LL.D. With portrait, 8vo, pp. 437, gilt top, The Spanish Armada: A Ballad of 1588. By Douglas uncut edges. J. B, Lippincott Co. $3.00. Sladen. Cassell Pub'g Co. Paper, 2.5 cents. Recollections of President Lincoln and his Administra- In Cloisters Dim. By Charles Curtz Hahn. Chicago : Ben- tion. By L. E. Chittenden. With portrait, 8vo, pp. 470, ziger Bros. Paper, 20 cents. gilt top. Harper & Bros. $2.50. Memoirs of the Prince de Talleyrand. Edited, with pre- FICTION. face and notes, by the Duc de Broglie. Translated by A Window in Thrums. By J. M. Barrie. 12mo, pp. 217, Raphael Ledos de Beaufort, with introduction by Hon. gilt top. Cassell Pub'g Co. $1.50. Whitelaw Reid. Vol. II., illus., 8vo, pp. 392, gilt top, One of Our Conquerors. By George Meredith. Author's uncut. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.50. edition, 12mo, pp. 414. Roberts Brothers. $1.50. The Journal of Sir Walter Scott. From the original He Fell among Thieves. By 1. Christie Murray and Manuscript at Abbotsford. Popular edition, 8vo, pp. 621. Henry Herman. 16mo, pp. 251. Macmillan & Co. $1.25. Harper & Bros. $2.50. James Freeman Clarke: Autobiography, Diary, and Cor- The Speculator. By Clinton Ross, author of " The Silent respondence. Edited by Edward Everett Hale. With Workman." 16mo, pp. 127, gilt top. G. P. Putnam's portrait, 12mo, pp. 430. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.30. Sons. $1.25. Zadoc Pine, and Other Stories. By H. C. Bunner. 16mo, Charles Darwin : His Life and Work. By Charles Fred- erick Holder, author of “Living Lights." Illus., 12mo, pp. 256. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.00. pp. 279. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50. Iermola. By Joseph Ignatius Kraszewski, author of “The Jew." Translated by Mrs. M. Carey. 16mo, pp. 266. Charles Grandison Finney. By G. Frederick Wright, D.D. 10mo, pp. 329, gilt top. “American Religious Lead- Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.00, ers." Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25. A Christian Woman. By Emilia Pardo Bazán. Translated Life of Francis Higginson, First Minister in the Massa- by Mary Springer. With portrait, 16mo, pp. 368. Cas- chusetts Bay Colony. By Thomas Wentworth Higgin- sell Pub'g Co. $1.00. son. 16mo, pp. 158. Dodd's “ Makers of America." From Timber to Town : Down in Egypt. By an Early 75 cents. Settler. 16mo, pp. 287. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.00. Alfred Russell Wallace. By Edward D. Cope, Ph.D. With The Iron Game : A Tale of the War. By Henry F. Kee- portrait, 16mo, pp. 17. Appleton's " Evolution Series." nan, author of "The Aliens."' 16mo, pp. 405. D. Apple- Paper, 10 cents. ton & Co. $1.00. Ernst Haeckel. By Thaddeus B. Wakeman. With por Madame D' Orgevaut's Husband. By Henry Rabusson. trait, 16mo, pp. 58. Appleton's "Evolution Series." Translated from the French, by Frank Hunter Potter, Paper, 10 cents. 16mo, pp. 257. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.00. Trials of a Staff-Officer. By Capt. Charles King, author LITERARY MISCELLANY. of " The Colonel's Daughter." 16mo, pp. 214. L. R. The Writings of George Washington. Collected and Hammersley & Co. $1.00. Edited by Worthington Chauncey Ford. Vol. IX., 1780 The Story of an Abduction in the 17th Century. By J. 1782. 8vo, pp. 507, gilt top, uncut. G. P. Putnam's van Lennep. Translated from the Dutch, by Mrs. Clara Sons. $5.00. Bell. 18nio, pp. 282. W.S. Gottsberger & Co. 75 cents. 1891.] THE DIAL The Story of Eleanor Lambert. By Magdalen Brooke. | Harper's School Speaker. By James Baldwin, Ph.D. Oblong, pp. 165, uncut. Cassell's "Unknown Library." Part II., Graded Selections. 16mo, pp. 240. Harper & 50 cents. Bros. 60 cents. A Mystery of the Campagna, and A Shadow on the Wave. Word by Word: A Spelling-Book for the Use of Grammar By Von Degen. 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THE TRAVELERS, OF HARTFORD, CONN. THE DIAL [May, CASSELL PUBLISHING COMPANY LADIES' STATIONERY. HAVE JUST ISSUED A CHRISTIAN WOMAN. A few years ago, our fashionable peo- By EMILIA PARDO BAZAN. ple would use no Stationery but Imported Translated by MARY SPRINGER. Introduction, with a goods. The American styles and makes sketch of author, by Rollo OGDEN, and portrait of au- thor as frontispiece. 1 vol., 12mo, beautifully bound did not come up to what they required. in blue cloth, with design in gold and silver, $1.00. Messrs. Z. & W.M. CRANE set to work This is the initial volume in a new series of fiction called CASSELL'S BLUE LIBRARY, for which a special editor has to prove that as good or better goods could been engaged. None but books of high literary merit and of permanent value will be admitted to this series. be made in this country as abroad. How THE SUCCESS OF THE SEASON. well they have succeeded is shown by the THE “UNKNOWN” LIBRARY. | fact that foreign goods are now scarcely The New York World says: “The ideal perfect form in which a novelette should fall from the press.” quoted in the market, while CRANE'S A NEW VOLUME JUST READY. goods are staple stock with every dealer of A Mystery of the Campagna. any pretensions. This firm bas done By VON DEGEN. much during the past two or three years Two hundred pages; cloth; price, 50 cents. to produce a taste for dead-finish Papers, PREVIOUS VOLUMES ISSUED. The Story of Eleanor Lambert. and to-day their brands of 'Grecian An- By MAGDALEN BROOKE. tique,' 'Parchment Vellum,' 'Old-style,' Mademoiselle Ixe. and ‘Distaff,' are as popular as their fin- By LANOE FALCONER. est 'Satin Finish' goods. The name for Each in 1 vol., extra cloth; price, 50 cents. * • Mademoiselle Ixe' deserves to be read for its own sake, | each of their brands is copyrighted; and but the rumor that it is written by Mr. Gladstone's daughter- in-law will no doubt stimulate curiosity concerning the little their Envelopes, which match each style a curious, strikingly original conception.”: --N. Y. Tribune. and size of Paper, are bigh-cut pattern, so that the gum cannot come in contact HINTS TO POWER USERS. with a letter enclosed, during sealing. By ROBERT GRIMSHAW, M.E., etc. Plain practical pointers, free from high science, and in- A ful line of these Standard Goods is kept tended for the man who pays the bills. 1 vol., 16mo, extra cloth; price, $1.00. constantly in stock by A. C. McClurg & Co., Wabash Ave. and Madison St., Chicago. RECENT ADDITIONS TO TO AUTHORS.-The New York BUREAU OF REVISION CASSELL’S SUNSHINE SERIES. I gives critical opinions on manuscripts of all kinds, edits them for publication, and offers them to publishers. Send The Wedding Ring. stamp to Dr. Coas for prospectus at 20 West 14th St., New York City. A Tale of To-day. By ROBERT BUCHANAN. Paper, 50 cents; cloth, 75 cents. Through Vestibuled and Colonist Sleepers At Love's Extremes. Between Chicago and Tacoma, Wash., By MAURICE THOMPSON, author of “ Banker of Bank- ersville," etc. Paper, 50 cents. and Portland, Ore. Dead Man's Rock. THE WISCONSIN CENTRAL and NORTHERN PACIFIC 1 lines run through Pullman Vestibuled and Colonist By Q. Paper, 50 cents. Sleepers between Chicago and Tacoma, Wash., and Port- land, Ore. The train known as the “ Pacific Express” Wbo is Guilty ? leaves the Grand Central Passenger Station, at the cor- By Philip WOOLF, M.D. Paper, 50 cents. ner of Fifth Avenue and Harrison street, at 10.45 P. M. daily. For tickets, berths in Pullman or Colonist Sleep- For sale by all Booksellers. ers, etc., apply to GEO. K. 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POSITIVE RELIGION. Essays, Fragments, and Hints. By JOSEPH HENRY ALLEN, author of " Christian History in its Three Great Periods," “ Hebrew Men and Times,” etc. 16mo, cloth, $1.25. DREAMS. By OLIVE SCHREINER, author of “ The Story of an African Farm.” 16mo, cloth, Author's Edition, with portrait, $1.00. “There is something new, that goes to the heart ... the only one of its kind.”—Public Opinion. THE PROFESSOR'S LETTERS. By Theophilus Parsons. With portrait. 16mo, cloth, $1.00. I ON VARIOUS SUBJECTS. PETRARCH. A Sketch of His Life and Works. By May ALDEN WARD, author of “ Dante : A Sketch of His Life and Works.” 16mo, cloth, $1.25. "A chapter in the history of civilization.”—Springfield Republican. LIFE AND LETTERS OF JOHN BROWN. By F. B. SANBORN. With portraits, an engraving of Brown's birthplace, and fac-similes of important documents. 12mo, cloth, $2.00. THE PEERLESS COOK BOOK. Compact and Practical. By Mrs. D. A. LINCOLN, author of " The Boston Cook Book” and “ Carving and Serving,” etc. Containing over 400 valuable receipts for cooking. 16mo, paper covers, 15 cents. FOR SALE AT ALL THE BOOKSTORES. ROBERTS BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS, BOSTON, MASS. 1891.] THE DIAL There is no use in doing your own canning and preserving unless you are going to be successful. Experiments are costly. Why not profit by some other person's efforts and keep your money in your pocket? A book called Canning and Preserving by Mrs. Rorer, just fills the bill. It is full of ways and means to put up all kinds of fruits. Some of them are new and choice. Mar- malades, butters, jellies, are also treated. You can have no heart- burnings over failures if you use this as a guide. We will mail one for 40 cents in paper covers, or 75 cents in cloth covers, and pay the postage. Hot Weather Dishes is another book by Mrs. Rorer, designed to help housekeepers keep cool in hot weather. You need not worry or fret about the table. Everything is all planned out for you. Here is an attractive array of pleasant, delightful, wholesome things, ready for serving up. Of course you must do the cooking. But that's a small item when the book tells how. Follow directions and you 'll come out all right. You can have one for 40 cents in paper covers, or 75 cents in cloth. Send money to us and we will pay postage. By the way, if you want the best cook book yet made, send for Mrs. Rorer's, or examine your next door neighbor's, or write to us about it. There never was one quite as good. This is not only our experience but that of many more thousands of people who can tell a good thing when they see it. ARNOLD & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, 420 Library Street, Philadelphia. 38 [June, THE DIAL IMPORTANT PUBLICATIONS. PUBLICATIONS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE LANDSCAPE GARDENING. Notes and Suggestions on Lawns and Lawn-Planting, Laying Out and Arrangement of Country Places, Large and Small Parks, Cemetery Plots, and Railway Station Lawns; De- ciduous and Evergreen Trees and Shrubs, the Hardy Bor- der, Bedding Plants, Rock-work, etc., etc. By SAMUEL PARSONS, Jr., Superintendent of Parks, New York City. Large 8vo, with nearly 200 illustrations, $3.50. Sent free to all members of the Academy in the form of the Annals and the Supplements. @ Subscription price to others than members, $6.00 per year. SPECIAL RATE TO LIBRARIES, $5.00. AMONG THE MOTHS AND BUTTERFLIES. By JULIA P. BALLARD, author of “Building Stories, "" "Seven Years from To-Night." Second Edition, octavo, cloth, $1.50. “The book, which is handsomely illustrated, is designed for young readers, relating some of the most curious facts of natural history in a singularly pleasant and instructive man- ner.”—N. Y. Tribune. THE TREES of NORTHEASTERN AMERICA. By CHARLES S. NEWHALL. 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Dr. J.S. Billings. 18.--HISTORY OF STATISTICS. Meitzen-Falkner. $1.25. 19.—THE GENESIS OF A WRITTEN CONSTITUTION. William C. Morey. 20.--NATURAL LAW. Frederick M. Taylor. 21.-ON THE CONCEPT OF WEALTH. C. A. Tuttle. 22.-COMPULSORY VOTING. F. W. Holls. 23.-INSTRUCTION IN ECONOMICS IN ITALY. Roland . Falkner. 24.-THE PHILADELPHIA SOCIAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION. Joseph G. Rosengarten. 25.-THEORY AND TECHNIQUE OF Statistics. Meitzen- Falkner. $1.50. 26.-HANDBOOK OF THE ACADEMY - LIST OF MEMBERS, ETC. $2.00. The above numbers, which, together with Proceedings of the Academy, Personal Notes, Book Notes, Miscel- lany, etc., constitute the first volume of the Publications, were also issued in the ANNALS with SUPPLEMENTS sent to all members of the Academy. Annual mem- bership fee, $5.00. Subscriptions for the Publications and Applications for Membership should be addressed to AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE, Station B, Philadelphia, North America. LEADERS IN SCIENCE. 1.—THE LIFE AND WORKS OF CHARLES DARWIN. By CHARLES F. HOLDER, author of “Living Lights," "The Ivory King," etc. 12mo, Illustrated, cloth, $1.50. "Mr. Holder is one of the American savants who have made Darwin and his system of philosophy a subject of profound study, and his book relating to him is one of the best that has been produced for popular use."'-- Philadelphia Bulletin. ** No. 2 of “Notes on New Books" and Prospectus of the ** Story of the Nations” and “Knickerbocker Nuggets” se- ries sent on application. G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS, Nos. 27 and 29 West Twenty-third St., NEW YORK. 1891.] 39 THE DIAL "Mr. Hare is the ideal tourist." - Journal of Commerce, New York. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & Co.'s NEW BOOKS. BOOKS OF TRAVEL By AUGUSTUS J. C. HARE. UNIFORM IN STYLE. 12M0. BOUND IN Cloth. WALKS IN PARIS. The American Revolution. With Fifty Illustrations. Price, $3.00. "Indispensable to the traveller in Paris.”—N. Y. Tribune. By John FISKE. With Plans of Battles, and a new Steel Portrait of WASHINGTON from a miniature DAYS NEAR PARIS. never before reproduced. 2 vols., crown 8vo, gilt With Forty-two Illustrations. Price, $2.50. top, $4.00. "It can be safely said that in these two volumes the trav Readers of American history are to be congratulated eller will find more information about Paris than in whole libraries of reference.”- Publishing World, on the opportunity of tracing the causes and course of The numerous citations from French authorities illustrative the Revolution in Mr. Fiske's wonderfully luminous of the historical associations of the various buildings, streets, narrative. and localities in Paris and its vicinity have in these editions been translated into English, thus greatly facilitating their use by American readers. Fourteen to One. WALKS IN ROME. A book of remarkably good Short Stories, including Fourteenth Edition. Price, $3.50. “ Jack the Fisherman " and « The Madonna of the "The book is to be impressively recommended to those who Tubs." By ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS. 16mo, are going to Rome, as a cram; to those who are not going, as $1.25. an exquisite tale ; and to those who have been there, as a memorizer."'-Lippincott's Magazine. WALKS IN LONDON. Colonel Carter of Cartersville. With One Hundred Illustrations. Two vols. in one. $3.50. By F. Hopkinson Smith. With illustrations. 16mo, " It would be difficult to find in any encyclopædia an ampler $1.25. or more fully digested collection of all the important facts re- lating to the ancient capital; yet the work is quite as enter- Colonel Carter is a fine specimen of one type of the taining as an ordinary novel, and a tithe of the good stories' Virginia gentleman of the passing generation. He is which it contains would set up a professional diner-out for exquisitely courteons, recklessly hospitable, with a vivid life."--New York Times. financial imagination. The delightful story is admira- CITIES OF SOUTHERN ITALY AND SICILY bly told and illustrated. With Illustrations. Price, $2.50. “Mr. Hare's name will be a sufficient passport for the pop- ularity of his new work. His books on the Cities Balaam and His Master, Jy are fast becoming as indispensable to the traveller in that part of the country as the guide-books of Murray or of Baedeker.”' AND OTHER STORIES. - Academy. By JOEL CHANDLER Harris, author of “ Nights with SKETCHES IN HOLLAND AND Uncle Remus” and “ Mingo, and Other Sketches." SCANDINAVIA. 16mo, $1.25. With Thirty-three Illustrations. Price, $1.00. Another book of those exceedingly interesting South- * These sketches are made agreeable by the same observa- | ern stories which Mr. Harris tells so well. tion and love for history which is found in Walks in London' and “Walks in Rome.'"-Springfield Republican. FLORENCE. One volume. VENICE. One volume. Otto the Knight, and Other Stories. With Maps and Illustrations. Each, $1.00. By OCTAVE THANET, author of “ Knitters in the Sun," ** Florence' and Venice,' by Augustus J. C. Hare, from etc. 16mo, $1.25. the æsthetic point of view, are models."— The Nation. “ The gifts of Octave Thanet are among the greatest WANDERINGS IN SPAIN. which the story-teller can possess.”—R. H. Stoddard. With Illustrations. $1.25. " We recollect no book that so vividly recalls the country to those who have visited it, and we recommend intending A Girl Graduate. tourists to carry it with them as a companion of travel."'--Lon- don Times. A Novel. By Celia PARKER WOOLLEY. “Riverside STUDIES IN RUSSIA. Paper Series.” 50 cents. With Illustrations. $2.00. “ Thoroughly excellent from beginning to end.”— * In Studies in Russia' we have a work of permanent value, which has not been hurriedly put forth to catch the possible Boston Transcript. advantage of any war agitation."-Book Buyer. *** Sold by all Booksellers. Sent, postpaid, on receipt of For sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent postpaid, on re- ceipt of the advertised price, by the Publishers, price, by the Publishers, George Routledge & Sons, Limited, HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., 9 LAFAYETTE PLACE, NEW YORK. BOSTON, MASS. THE DIAL [June, 1891. D. Appleton & Co's Newest Publications La Grippe and Its Treatment. RECENT FICTION. For General Readers. By Cyrus Epson, M.D., of the Health Department, New York City. Small 18mo, parchment paper, 25 cents. The History of Modern Civilization A Handbook based upon M. GUSTAVE DUCOUDRAY'S “ Histoire Sommaire de la Civilisation.” Illustrated. Uniform with Verschoyle's “ History of Ancient Civ- ilization.” 12mo. APPLETON'S SUMMER SERIES. Tourmalin's Time Checques. A new story by F. ANSTEY, author of "Vice Versâ,” « The Giant's Robe," etc. 16mo, half cloth, with specially designed cover, 50 cents. From Shadow to Sunlight. By the MARQUIS OF LORNE, author of « Love and Peril,” “ A Story of the Far Northwest," etc. 16mo, half cloth, with specially designed cover, 50 cents. Geological Observations On the Volcanic Islands and Parts of South America visited during the Voyage of H. M. S. “ Beagle.” By CHARLES DARWIN, M.A., F.R.S., etc., author of - The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs," “ The Origin of Species," etc. Third Edition. With Maps and Illustrations. 12mo, cloth, $2.50. TOWN AND COUNTRY LIBRARY. The Maid of Honor. By the Hon. LEWIS WINGFIELD. No. 72, - Town and Country Library.” 12mo, cloth, $1.00; paper, 50 cts. "The story is lively and exciting, has all the air of being based upon some actual story of crime, and will be read with unbroken interest."-Graphic. “It may safely be said that up to the last page ... the reader's attention is not allowed to flag. "The Atheneum." THIRTEENTH EDITION. Appleton's Dictionary of New York AND ITS VICINITY. THIS YEAR THIRTY-SIX PAGES OF NEW MATERIAL HAVE BEEN ADDED. An alphabetically arranged Index to all Places, Socie- ties, Institutions, Amusements, and other features of the Metropolis and Neighborhood upon which Infor- mation is needed by the Stranger or the Citizen. With Maps of New York and Vicinity. Paper cover, 30 cents; flexible cloth, 60 cents. " Its continued popularity is not surprising when one con- siders the essential merit of the work, and the extreme pains taken to keep it abreast of the times."'--Boston Beacon. A NEW NOVEL BY THE AUTHOR OF "THE SILENCE OF DEAN MAITLAND.” In the Heart of the Storm. By MAXWELL GREY, author of " The Silence of Dean Maitland” and “ The Reproach of Annesley.” No. 73, “ Town and Country Library.” 12mo, paper, 50 cents; cloth, 75 cents. APPLETON'S Hand-Book of Summer Resorts. With Maps and Illustrations. Large 12mo, paper, 50 cents. Consequences. By EGERTON CASTLE. No. 74, “ Town and Country Library.” 12mo, cloth, $1.00; paper, 50 cents. " It is a real pleasure to welcome a new novelist who shows both promise and performance. The work is distinguished by verve, by close and wide observation of the ways and cities of many men, by touches of a reflection which is neither shal- low nor charged with the trappings and suits of weightiness; and in many ways, not least in the striking end, it is decidedly original."'-- Saturday Review. “Notable for a very powerful plot well worked out. The author writes clear, crisp, vigorous English. The descriptions of London life and of German student doings and duelings are piquant and realistic in the best sense.”- Academy. THE Sovereigns and Courts of Europe. The Home and Court Life and Characteristics of the Reigning Families. By “ Politikos.” With many Portraits. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. “A remarkably able book.... A great deal of the inner history of Europe is to be found in the work."-- The Athenaum. "A most interesting and useful volume.... Lively and very readable chapters." --Pall Mall Gazette. Stories of Old New Spain. (Including a New Story written especially for this vol- ume.) By THOMAS A. JANVIER, author of « Color Studies," «The Aztec Treasure-House," « The Mex- ican Guide.” “ Town and Country Library.” 12mo, cloth, with frontispiece, $1.00; paper, 50 cents. D. APPLETON & CO., Publishers, 1, 3, & 5 Bond Street, New YORK. THE DIAL CONTENTS. Vol. XII. JUNE, 1891. No. 134. been acquiring influence in the affairs of Egypt, became Khedive, under scarcely more than a = = ==== == = nominal allegiance to the Sultan of Turkey. He dreamed first of independence, then of em- WITH EMIN IN EQUATORIA, AND THE REAR pire. He sought the mastery over the barbaric COLUMN STORY. Selim H. Peabody .. 41 | peoples who dwelt along the Nile and its trib- PHYSICAL RELIGION. Joseph Henry Crooker . . 45 utaries in the million square miles of territory reaching to the southern end of Lake Albert KLUGE'S GERMAN DICTIONARY. George Hempl Nyanza. The scheme was magnificent; the RECENT BOOKS OF FICTION. William Morton earlier stages of its realization were audacious; Payne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 but Ismail had not the native force necessary but Ismail had not the native foro nonossary BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS .......... 53 for governing such an empire. In twelve years Thwaites's The Colonies, 1492–1750.-Lang's Essays he had squandered six hundred and forty mill- in Little.-Von Sybel's The Founding of the German ions of dollars, borrowed of European bank- Empire, second and third volumes.-Roosevelt's New York.— Ransome's Short Studies of Shakespeare's ers; his people were in revolt ; his creditors Plots.--Lee's Stratford-on-Avon.-Frances Kemble's were clamorous, and could emphasize their de- Further Records, 1818-1883.-Adeline's Art Diction mands with guns and ships; he was deposed, ary.- Alice Bacon's Japanese Girls and Women.- and the English made his son, Tewfik, Khedive Boutell's Alexander Hamilton. in his stead. TOPICS IN JUNE PERIODICALS. ...... 56 There was a revolt in the Soudan, led by a BOOKS OF THE MONTH .......... 56 religious fanatic, the Mahdi, Mahomet Achmet. == == = = == = = = === The English undertook to suppress the revolt. Hicks Pasha was slain ; Baker Pasha was de- WITH EMIN IN EQUATORIA, AND THE REAR COLUMN STORY.* feated ; Khartoum was threatened, and the fall of Khartoum would imperil Egypt. General The stories of African adventure and dis- Gordon was sent to avert the impending dan- covery are weird and strange. They have a ger; he was betrayed, abandoned, slain, and flavor of the sixteenth century, when Pizarro the conscience-shamed Briton consecrated a and Cortez marched up and down in torrid brazen image to appease his offended shade. America, climbed mountains, discovered seas, Gordon had found an obscure German of and wrought their own sweet will upon naked Jewish parentage, named Edward Snitzler, natives. Were it not for occasional mention who had wandered through various lands in an of Maxim guns, Winchester rifles, and steel aimless way, in the guise of physician and nat- boats, one would now and then rouse and shake uralist. Gordon employed him in several ca- himself, and ask what's o'clock upon the dial pacities, and found him serviceable and faith- of the centuries. ful, “ industrious, civil, ready, and obliging." When a few more witnesses have filed their Such people were not plenty in Gordon's ret- testimony, some competent and judicial writer inue. He became, in fact or in pretence, a will find an interesting though difficult task in Mahommedan, and took the name of Emin. In sifting out and setting forth the true history 1878 he was promoted to the rank of Bey, and of affairs in the explorations of and the attempts was made governor of Equatoria. There he at colonizing and governing the darkest parts remained, sometimes with the substance, oftener of the dark continent, as they have been influ- with only the shadow, of authority, until Stan- enced by the intriguing cupidity of European ley rescued him in 1889. cabinets, and illustrated by adventurers hungry Gordon perished and was presently enshrined for fame. The germs which bore fruit in the within a halo of posthumous glory. Emin was Emin Relief Expedition sprouted thus : the last of Gordon's lieutenants, and shone in In 1867, Ismail Pasha, who for years had the reflection of his dead master's glory. The *TEN YEARS IN EQUATURIA, and the Return with Emin correspondents had posed him before the public Pasha. By Gaetano Casati. In two volumes, profusely illus- as “ a hero, a second Gordon ; a tall military trated. New York: Frederick Warne & Co. With STANLEY'S REAR COLUMN. By J. Rose Troup. figure ; austere ; an amateur in many sciences ; Illustrated. Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott Co. | one who maintained evenness of mind, tran- 42 [June, THE DIAL quillity of soul, governing well men and things.” be divided on the march, or put together for Stanley found him a man of small stature, use on the rivers or lakes. All this baggage, prim, affable, accomplished, gentle, with no in- weighing about thirty tons, was packed in sight into affairs or men, and burdened with " loads” of sixty pounds each, to be carried an extreme and inexplicable indecision. Such by porters upon their heads. At the outset is the substance of Stanley's description, which there were nearly one thousand loads, includ- subsequent events seem to justify. ing five hundred Remington rifles, two tons of After the death of Gordon and the fall of gunpowder, and more than two hundred thou- Khartoum in December, 1884, Emin was be- sand rounds of fixed ammunition. This mate- leaguered in his province, in the north by the rial was moved from London, by way of the Mahdi, who held the Nile and thus cut off his Suez canal and the Red sea, to Zanzibar ; thence retreat toward Egypt, and elsewhere by bar round the cape to the mouth of the Congo; barous tribes through whom he could not pass thence by river one hundred miles to the cata- to the sea. In December, 1885, he wrote the ract region ; then by carriers two hundred and Egyptian government, praying for relief, say fifty miles to navigable water ; thence again by ing, “ We shall hold out until we obtain help river one thousand miles to a point called Yam- or perish.” This, and other pathetic appeals, buya, upon the Ariwimi, an affluent of the stirred the heart of the English. They raised Congo. From there, a journey of three hun- a fund of £27,000, and called Stanley from dred and fifty miles as measured by scale on America to organize and conduct an expedition the map, or five hundred miles as measured by to find Emin, and if the relieved Pasha should the feet of the toiling caravan, stretched through so desire, to conduct him to civilization and a trackless jungle of tropical forest to Lake safety. Albert Nyanza, near which Emin lay perdue. Gaetano Casati, an officer of the Italian The supply of boats on the upper Congo was army, was sent to Central Africa by his own deficient, and the goods were so numerous that government to explore and map the regions of two trips were needed to transport them to the the upper Nile in 1880, when that government station whence the land caravan should march. had hopes of enlarging its possessions in Cen- The first contingent under Stanley arrived at tral Africa. He prosecuted to good purpose Yambuya on the 15th of June, 1887 ; the sec- for several years the business intrusted to him. ond, under charge of Mr. J. Rose Troup, ar- The disturbances which followed the bombard rived on the following 14th of August. ment of Alexandria made the country unsafe, Stanley had gathered six hundred Zanzibaris and in March, 1883, he joined Emin at Lado. for carriers and taken them by sea to the Congo, With Emin he remained, partly as guest, some but he well knew that even this number was not times in service, fettered by the same condi sufficient. He had therefore made a deal with tions which bound the pasha, until his oppor a sly old Arab, one Tippu-Tib, a freebooting tunity for escape came with the relief expedi land-pirate, who ranged the whole country from tion. In two large volumes, recently pub- Zanzibar to the Congo, carrying on a lucrative lished, entitled “ Ten Years in Equatoria,” Ma- trade in slaves and ivory, and whom Stanley jor Casati has chronicled the story of his life found at Zanzibar. The Arab agreed to fur- with Emin. The volumes contain much mate nish at Yambuya, for a stipulated price, six rial, quite interesting, but not well digested or hundred more carriers, whom he expected to arranged. recruit from the vicinity. As a donation to Stanley was commissioned to relieve Emin. Tippu-Tib, to keep him in a friendly frame of That is, he was to furnish the means by which mind, Stanley carried him and his retinue of either he could sustain himself in Equatoria, ninety-five persons, including his harem of forty or else he could move to the sea with such fol- women, from Zanzibar round the Cape and up lowers as should wish to share in his good for the Congo to Stanley Falls, the Arab's base of tune. In brief, he was to carry to Emin a operations, about one hundred miles above the supply of fire-arms and ammunition. Besides, mouth of the Ariwimi. Having obtained so there were munitions of war for the protection much of his pay in advance, Tippu-Tib de- of the caravan ; beads, wire, and cowries, to parted, like the astute politician that he was, buy supplies of food along the march; the to see if he could find his six hundred porters. usual miscellaneous articles which such an ex- | But doubtless he distrusted Stanley and his pedition would require ; besides a Maxim gun, mission, believing that Stanley's influence in and a steel boat built in sections, which could | that country would work serious mischief with arra 1891.] 43 THE DIAL his own interests. He did not provide the men, somebody had to be blamed. Accordingly, a and it requires some credulity to believe that considerable part of his “ In Darkest Africa” he ever intended to provide them. In this dip is taken up with the account of the delinquen- lomatic encounter, the Arab seems to have got cies of those who were in charge of this part ten the best of it, altogether. of the work, with discussions of their duties and Stanley would not wait for the second por animadversions as to their shortcomings. It tion of his supplies. He built a stockade at could hardly be expected that these officers Yambuya, where he left in command his officer would remain silent under the imputations cast next in rank, Major Barttelot, and with 414 | upon them. Mr. J. Rose Troup has told the men, 360 rifles, and about 250 loads, he de-story of the rear column, in a plain, straight- parted on the 28th of June on his quest for forward, unvarnished tale, well and gracefully Emin. He sketched for Barttelot his expected written, with every indication of conscientious journey, saying that he hoped to reach the lake truthfulness. Some of the correspondence which by the middle of August, spend two weeks with Mr. Troup sent to Mr. Stanley the latter char- Emin, leave by September, and return to Yam- acterizes as “ intemperate,” in language whose buya by the middle of October. As a matter intemperance and injustice certainly exceeds of fact, he arrived at the lake on the 13th of anything which appears over Mr. Troup's sig- December; met Emin on the 29th of the next nature. April ; set out to return on the 16th of June: It is not strange that Mr. Stanley should and met the remnant of the force he had left feel keenly the chagrin of disappointment at behind, on the 16th of August, 1888, at Ban- | the miscarriages which befell his rear column. alya, ninety miles from Yambuya, thirteen and | The movements of that column were not such one-half months having elapsed. as he wished, but they were such as he might On the 21st of August, having gathered again surely have expected if he had read Tippu-Tib the fragments of his forces and of his baggage, with his usual acute insight. The failures of he began his third journey through the dense the column depend primarily upon two things : forest; reached Fort Bodo, where he had left | first, the insufficiency of the contract with his first caravan, on the 20th of December; Tippu-Tib, in which the European was cer- and on the 16th of January, 1889, was again tainly over-reached ; second, the terms of the encamped on the high land overlooking the orders left to Major Barttelot by his superior Albert Nyanza. After innumerable delays, officer, as appears in the statements published Emin and Casati arrive. There is much dis- | both by Mr. Troup and by Mr. Stanley. cussion, hesitation, procrastination,— all, we The first column landed at Yambuya 518 may be sure, on the part of Emin. Although men and 456 loads ; the second was to add 131 his own soldiers have revolted, have put him men and 518 loads : total, 649 men and 947 under arrest, and have even threatened his life, | loads. Stanley took about 400 of his best men Emin's imperturbable indecision hinders all ac- and about 250 loads and went on. He left tion, until Stanley peremptorily fixes a day for under the sole command of Major Barttelot, departure, compels Emin's followers to obey, including those to arrive, 260 men and 774 and forces the headstrong Italian and the phleg loads; to be reinforced by Tippu-Tib’s 600 matic German to fall under his vigorous leader men, if they should come. ship. On the 10th of April the march begins ; We have not room to reproduce in full Stan- on the 6th of December it ends at Zanzibar, ley's letter of instructions. After directions and the object of the Emin Relief Expedition about fortifying and holding the camp, he writes is secured. about marching thus : It was a shrewd stipulation on Stanley's “It may happen, should Tippu-Tib have sent .. part, involving a good deal more than merely 600 men, able to carry loads, and the Stanley [boat] has arrived with the 125 men left at Bolobo, that you the main chance," that nobody connected with will feel yourself sufficiently competent to march the his expedition should publish anything until six column, with all the goods ... It may happen that months after his own account had reached the ... Tippu-Tib ... has not sent enough (men] public. The “ Rear Column,” the contingent to carry the goods. In that case you will use your dis- which he left under specific orders at Yam- cretion as to what goods you can dispense with to ena- ble you to march. ... If you still cannot march, buya, did not accomplish the work which af- then it would be better to make marches of six miles terward he thought it should have done, and twice over (if you prefer marching to staying for our his plans were seriously disturbed in conse arrival), than to throw too many things away." quence. As he says about another matter, | After that follows a memorandum about pay- 44 [June, THE DIAL ing out brass rods and cowries to the men, so months; thirteen and one-half months elapsed much per week. “In five months these amount before he again saw any of the men he left to: brass rods, 2,580 ; cowries, 15,480.” behind. In like manner, he expected of Bartte- Major Barttelot's understanding of these in lot and his comrades what his own experience structions at the time they were given appears proves to have been unreasonable or impracti- from this quotation from his letter, dated Au cable. gust 15, sent, by Stanley's directions, to the In the light of his own instructions, many Relief Committee at London : of Mr. Stanley's charges against the officers of “ Tippu-Tib's men have not arrived.... Should the rear column appear to be unwarranted and they eventually come, I should march at once in Mr. unjust. He complains because Barttelot did not Stanley's track. ... If they do not, I shall be com- move ; yet his advice to Barttelot was that he pelled to stay here until November, when Mr. Stanley expects to return, or till such time afterwards as he should move when he got carriers from Tippu- may return." Tib; this he did after Tippu had brought to This accords with Stanley's memorandum al him carriers in June, 1888. Barttelot was to ready quoted, in which he proposes to give move or not to move according to his own dis- September and October to the return. Stan- cretion. Stanley admits that Barttelot showed ley complains because Barttelot did not make the most earnest desire to march, and Troup's multiple marches, after a scheme proposed in narrative further shows that Barttelot put forth a pencilled memorandum. Of the 260 men the most strenuous efforts to get from Tippu- whom he left behind, he proposed that Bartte Tib the transportation which was necessary lot should use 100 for garrisons at the ends of for marching. Until the carriers were fur- a certain piece of road; the remaining 150 to nished, Barttelot was in no condition to move to be used for carriers ; to make six miles per without endangering the property which Stan- day; to carry 600 loads in four trips ; " in ley had taken special precautions to guard. If seventy-four days you will have made nine he had moved, and disaster had followed, whom marches,” or fifty-four miles. C'garrowwa's would Stanley then have blamed ? was a station distant about 250 miles from Stanley directed Troup to place himself under Yambuya, or about half the distance to Lake Barttelot's orders. He prays Barttelot to allow Albert Nyanza. To have reached that place Troup to speak his mind freely, but still Bartte- would have required forty-two marches, and lot is to be the one only chief. Then he blames have occupied 342 days, if there had been no Troup for such of Barttelot's acts as he thinks detentions, deaths, or desertions, as there cer were not dictated by good judgment, all the tainly would have been. while insisting that obedience to orders is the In short, it would have taken the rear column chiefest virtue. He blames Troup for send- a full year to reach this distance on the plan ing his (Stanley's) clothing down the Congo, Stanley sketched, but which he did not order in and for failure to distribute certain provisions the written instructions left for Barttelot's guid among men who should have had them, when ance. It will be remembered that Mr. Stanley Troup was far away at the time of these tran- had constructed a stockade at Yambuya for the sactions. He blames Troup because Barttelot protection of his valuable material, had given sent Ward back to the sea. He blames Troup orders that it should be enlarged and strength because Barttelot “pinned his faith on Tippu- ened, and that it should be watched with great | Tib,” a poor reliance indeed, but the very one vigilance. What might have been the fate of which Stanley had furnished, and the only one the rear column, men and property, if it had left in that wilderness. Finally, he blames been marched out into the jungle, and sepa Troup because, under the direction of Bonny, rated into three detachments, one at each ex- whom Stanley had commissioned as medical tremity, and one upon the road, coming or officer for the rear column, he (Troup) had going, having no protection after it left Yam allowed himself to be carried to the boat, and buya? Stanley himself wrote: so down the river, after an illness that had “ It is not the natives alone you have to fear, or who reduced him so that he could be moved only may wish to assail you, but the Arabs and their follow in a hammock. Would it have aided the ers may quarrel with you.” expedition if Troup had remained at Yam- In Mr. Stanley's own affairs, he constantly buya until he had made his bed in that lit- counted upon possibilities which were far be- | tle cemetery, already so full of freshly-made yond his best performances. For example, graves ? he proposed to be back at Yambuya in five Summing up all that has been written about 1891.] 45 THE DIAL the ill-fated rear column of the Emin Relief man workshop, which served the double pur- Expedition, an unbiased and candid judgment pose of opening out to their minds the larger affirms that the officers left in charge of Stan horizons of man's spirituality and also of hold- ley's interests at Yambuya followed to the best ing them to a clearer appreciation of the tran- of their ability both the letter and the spirit of scendent importance of religion as a historic the instructions which he left for their guid- force. More recently as editor of “ The Sacred ance. Their earnestness and honesty of pur- Books of the East," he has done a magnificent pose, their unflagging zeal, their devotion to service, not only to scholars but to humanity the service they were engaged in, were not sur at large, for, by placing this great mass of passed by like virtues manifested by any others Oriental Scripture before the world in English, in the service of the expedition. he has vastly extended the resources of the re- Selim H. PEABODY. ligious teacher, while he has put an end at once to the occupation of the dogmatic apologist and the crude iconoclast. When we look face to PHYSICAL RELIGION.* face at these Sacred Writings, we find too much good to accept longer the extreme assertions of Max Müller has permanently associated his church dogmatism, while there is too much name with what has come to be called, not very commonplace to allow us longer to be misled happily or accurately, the science of compara by the intemperate assailants of Christianity. tive religion. He has done vastly more than And his range has been even wider than Hindu any other man to make English-speaking peo literature, wide as that is; he has made him- ples familiar with the leading facts respecting self an interpreter of Kant, for in him he found the religious life and thought of India. With a philosopher in harmony with his reading original scholarship and a genuine enthusiasm of human nature and human history; and for his subject, he has imparted his enthusiasm he was not afraid, in the interest of a more to multitudes and popularized his knowledge spiritual conception of the soul, to measure in a thoroughly wholesome manner. He has | swords with Darwin respecting the origin of combined what we seldom find working to- gether,—the scholar's love of truth and the But what has always impressed us most for- teacher's love of imparting truth to the people. cibly has been, not so much the prodigious in- What his eyes have seen, his hands have sought dustry or the wide versatility of Max Müller, to distribute. He is one of the noblest exam as his great catholicity of mind. He has ples of that faith which seeks to put truth to shown us how to appreciate forms of faith very use for the good of our common humanity. He unlike our own; how to study them so as to has maintained his position in his special field see what is best in them; and how to trace, as an original investigator, making himself one even through the labyrinth of error and su- of the founders of the new science, and yet he perstition, the movements of the human soul has carried the newly-lighted torch of truth up towards a diviner life. He has made us re- and down the land, that the people, emanci spect all the facts of man's religious history. pated from bigotry and intolerance, might walk He has taught us reverence for every honest in the light of a fresh dayspring. | effort to find God and obey the moral law. The fertility of Max Müller is remarkable, And the supreme purpose of his labors, never and his work is as remarkable in quality as in better illustrated than in the work before us, quantity. He has been no mere compiler of has been to emphasize the naturalness of the other men's discoveries, no mere editor of the religious sentiment and the kinship of religious lore and learning of specialists, but a man who beliefs. In the treatment of these problems, has brought forth new treasures from the mines he has combined the scientific method and the of truth, and one, too, who has been more than religious spirit: a supreme reverence for real- a gatherer of facts, for he has brought an in ity and a keen appreciation for the spiritual terpretative mind to bear upon the facts in or- | import of all facts. In a period much domi- der to reach a philosophy of life. As young nated by materialism, he has insisted upon the students, many years ago, the generation now spiritual interpretation of life,—upon the soul's in the prime of manhood eagerly watched for direct consciousness of the Divine. And his that periodic shower of “ Chips" from his Ger appeal has not been to traditional dogma, but * PHYSICAL RELIGION: The Gifford Lectures for 1890. By to the indisputable facts of language, literature, F. Max Müller. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co. and institutions. 46 (June, THE DIAL Max Müller's latest volume — Physical Re- literature where this religious evolution can ligion ”— is composed of the second course of best be traced ; and a discussion of Agni, the “ Gifford Lectures,” delivered last year before Vedic god of fire, which best illustrates the the University of Glasgow. The introductory varied phenomena of Physical Religion. One course on “ Natural Religion,” already pub will find in this book the best account of the lished, was given the year before; and the discovery of the Hindu Scriptures by Euro- third course, on “ Anthropological Religion,” | peans,—the really romantic story of the strug- has just been completed, while one more, on gles and triumphs of scholars in pursuit of these “ Psychological Religion,” remains to be given. / literary treasures. And here also,—which is a It is the author's purpose to make in these four | great benefit to us all,—will be found the most volumes a popular statement of the chief facts satisfactory description of the structure and and general laws of man's religious evolution, contents of the Veda. The discussion of the especially as worked out in India. Many will use and symbolism of fire in religion is, we be- doubtless think his division of the subject un. lieve, more complete and thorough than any- fortunate, and all will regret that he has not thing else in English, and the discussion gives made a more systematic arrangement of the | the volume its chief value. material in hand. It is surely a significant fact that such lan- Max Müller defines - Physical Religion " as guage as the following has been heard in a “ a worship of the powers of nature”; and he thus calls attention to the new way in which “ Thus it has been the chief object of my lectures to the subject has now to be studied : show that the concept of God arises by necessity in the human mind, and is not, as so many theologians will “ The problem of Physical Religion has now assumed have it, the result of one special disclosure, granted to a totally different aspect, as treated by the Historical Jews and Christians only. It seems to me impossible School. Instead of endeavoring to explain how human to resist this conviction, when a comparative study of beings could ever worship the sky as a god, we ask, the great religions of the world shows us that the high- how did any human being come into possession of the predicate, god ? We then try to discover what that est attributes which we claim for the Deity are likewise ascribed to it by the Sacred Books of other religions. predicate meant when applied to the sky, or the sun, .. I know no heresy more dangerous to true re- or the dawn, or the fire. With us the concept of God excludes fire, the dawn, the sun, the sky; at all events, ligion than the denial that a true concept of God is within the reach of every human being; is, in fact, the the two concepts no longer cover each other. What common inheritance of mankind, however fearfully it we want to study, therefore, is that ever-varying cir- may have been misused and profaned by Christian and cumference of the predicate god, which becomes wider or narrower from century to century, according to the non-Christian natures.” objects which it was made to include, and after a time This position may be extreme ; but the circum- to exclude again.” stance that so generous a view of human na- So that in this volume Max Müller tries to ture and so catholic an appreciation of natural show us just what the so-called primitive mind religion should be heard, and gladly heard, in meant by calling these physical objects its god, | one of the high places of Scotland, shows how and also just how it came to do this. And he far the world has moved in the last generation, traces the line of growth out of these early be —moved, too, toward a nobler scholarship and liefs and symbols : a broader religious sentiment. And it is also “We shall see how the god of the sky, or, in some a satisfaction to see how completely the author, countries, the god of the fire and the storm-wind, as- while enlarging upon the kinship of great re- sumes gradually a supreme character, and then is slowly ligious beliefs and ideals, shatters that absurd divested again, in the minds of his more enlightened theory of a Buddhist origin of Christianity, worshippers, of what we may call his original, purely physical or mythological attributes. When the idea for no greater vagabond ever tramped the re- had once sprung up in the human mind that nothing spectable precincts of learning. But by a cu- unworthy should ever be believed of the gods, or, at rious lapse, the name of the author of a popular least of the father of gods and men, this process of di- book on this vagrant fancy is given as Oswald vestment proceeded very rapidly, and there remained Felix! in the end the concept of a Supreme Being, still called, it may be, by its ancient and often no longer intelligi- This valuable work contains fifteen - Ap- ble names, but representing in reality the highest ideal pendices,” in which additional information is of the Infinite, as a father, as a creator, and as a wise given upon such special topics as Buddhist and loving ruler of the universe.” Pilgrims and the Veda, Egyptian Zoolatry, In carrying out this general purpose, Max and the Similarities between Christianity and Müller is led in this work to treat two topics | Buddhism. very fully: A description of the Veda, as the JOSEPH HIENRY CROOKER. 1891.] 47 THE DIAL 0.E. hyll: Mkennen, not bekom has sprung tionary literatura most be called E. (Scotch E. gate . Wnder GASSE: STUMMEL KLUGE'S GERMAN DICTIONARY.* German edition. Thus, under BLEI, read Du. lood ; EIGEN, bekennen, not bekommen ; Halle, Since the appearance of the fourth edition of 0.E. hyll; METZE, O.E. mattuc; STUMMEL, Kluge's German Dictionary, there has sprung stemb, not sthmb. Under Gasse, Kluge has up what might almost be called a Kluge Dic- tionary literature. Hardly had the last review O.N. gata, E. gute “ Weg” ... 0.E. geat, of the book itself been printed, when Janssen's E. (Scotch) gate, gait, “ Thor, Thür, Eingang, Offnung,” and this Davis copies ! extensive Index appeared and the reviews of E. gait is “ manner of walking,” and belongs rather to that. Now we have an English translation, Prov. E. gate “ way.” and may look for more reviews. In this coun- Furthermore, gate, Thor, Thür,” is standard English. After try there is little but admiration for Kluge, and the various criticisms and lists of correc- HORT cross out Halle ; under HALLE Kluge corrects in the new edition what he had in the tions and additions that have appeared have been offered as well-meant contributions that old. Prong (cf. PRANGER) is not dialectic, and means “ Zinke einer Gabel.” Under Eich- should make a very helpful book still more so. HORN, the English edition has Eiche for Eichel. Only here and there we notice a little German Page 416 has leya for leza under LEER ; but venom instilled into American criticism of Kluge, - a thing of which anyone would be Kluge has since discarded the suggestion made in the line. ashamed who had learned to know the simple What follows refers generally to both Ger- modesty of the man in estimating his own pro- man and English editions. Under the entries digious work. Kluge has a remarkably keen given, read the word added : BRUDER, O.H.G. insight into complicated problems, and will at bruoder (Braune 233a); Klotz, clot, “ weiche a glance see through a difficulty that some of his colleagues pore over in vain. Occasionally | Masse oder Klecks," von Blut, etc., clod, “ Erd- he is too quick or is careless, and thus gives kloss"; SPRACHE, speech. The forms gedrollen, others a chance to carp at him ; but, as he once dral, probably restrain Kluge from associating laughingly remarked to the writer, “ One must drillen and durch : would he also discard the derivation thrill (cf. DRILLEN), M.E. thyrlen, let the critics have something to find fault with, O.E. thyrelian, thyrel (cf. DURCH) ? Under you know.” Whatever may be said of slips DRILLEN, add to E. thrill (now used only met- here and there, and of unevenness in parts of the work, the fact remains that we here have aphorically) the byform drill, which is not as Skeat says from the Dutch, but is the Mid and collected nearly everything of value that has West Southern form of thrill (Ellis, E.E.P. v. been published as to German etymology, and 36ff and 153ff). Southern forms are not un- that a very large part of it is the personal con- tribution of the author. common, especially in the arts, cf. chalk, vat, Still, one is inclined to doubt the need of an etc. E. -fold (-FALT) is not restricted to two- English translation of this book. fold. GEWOHNT, gewohne is found as late A person who has difficulty in understanding German as the first edition of Lessing's “ Minna.” Knuckle (KNOCHEL) is used only of the hand. has no business with German etymology. More- Cud (KÖDER) is not - Köder,” but “ what is over, the English translation now offered the being chewed.” Is not O.II.G. louba (LAUBE) public does not pretend to be an authorized one, and it is a pity that it does not furnish after all a derivative of loub, i.e., "a roof made of foliage” (K. Stam. $80) ? QUETSCHEN and the corrections and changes made by the author in the two years that have elapsed since the STELZE have original e (Bahder, Grundl. 134). SCHMAL, O).E. smal also means G. - schmal” last German edition appeared. The translator (Orosius 18, 25). Taub still means “barren, un- would then have saved himself the trouble of translating large parts of the articles BEBEN, developed,”e.g., taube Blüten, ein tozuber Nuss. EICHHORN, FROHN, HECHSE, Hirn, OHEIM, TROCKEN, add Up. Sax. dreiche, dreicheplatz. STOPPEL, etc., and would have had valuable This is not the place to give a list of the many important related words that have es- additions to make (e. g., under GÄNSERICH, GOIT, KIRCHE, etc.), and hosts of minor cor- caped the author ; but we had a right to ex- peet that an English translator would add at rections and changes to record. As it is, he least those English cognates that have been even perpetuates many evident slips of the pointed out in reviews of the German edition. * Ax ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY OF THE GERMAN LAN The translator restricts himself closely to trans- Grage. By Friedrich Kluge. Translated from the Fourth German Edition, by J. F. Davis, D.Lit., M.A. New York: | lating, only correcting some very evident mis- Macmillan & Co. | prints. He has not discovered the nature of thyrelia". E. thrill (:0, which is the and 48 [June, THE DIAL the Indexes furnished by Janssen (“ Modern for our first and best attention. This two-vol- Language Notes," Nov., 1890, April, 1891), ume novel takes us back to the early years of and reprints them as they are. The transla- the sixteenth century, to the age when the Re- tion is poor, the translator having but an im- formation was about to spring from the soil of perfect knowledge of German. At times his the Renaissance, and spreads before our own rendering gives a sense exactly the reverse of | eyes the life and thought of that stirring time. the original (cf. HERMELIN, SCHWEFEL, etc.), Among the historic figures brought before us at others only nonsense (cf. EINANDER, Fuchs, are those of Erasmus and Rabelais, of Thomas GELAGE, GELD, etc.), while such an article as More and Cardinal Wolsey, of Aldus and Colet, KIRCHE is full of inaccuracies. The height of Bayard and Bourbon, of Francis I. and of unconscious humor is reached under KIRCH- | Henry VIII., of Pope and Emperor—Leo the SPIEL, where “ Bezirk, Gehege, Schonung”. Tenth and Charles the Fifth. The scene shifts (nursery or enclosed copse), is translated “ dis with bewildering frequency from the French to trict, enclosure, forbearance”! Verily, there the English capital, from the mountain haunts is somebody who does need a translation of of the Waldenses to the seat of the Papal au- Kluge's Dictionary. GEORGE HEMPL. thority, from the busy workshop of the Vene- tian printer to the quiet seclusion of Oxford. The book may be described as a study of the RECENT BOOKS OF FICTION.* new learning in its effects upon men of various types, and as a picture of the irresistible force Ambitious beyond the usual flight of Amer with which the human spirit bursts its bonds ican fiction, and successful beyond the majority and casts aside all obstacles when the time has of attempts, ambitious or otherwise, the “ Monk come for it to take some great forward step. and Knight" of Mr. Frank W. Gunsaulus calls It is suggestive at times of “ The Cloister and * MONK AND KNIGHT: An Historical Study in Fiction. By the Hearth” and at others of “John Inglesant," Frank W. Gunsaulus. 2 vols. Chicago : A. C. McClurg & Co. and serves as a sort of link to connect these COLONEL CARTER OF CARTERSVILLE. By F. Hopkinson two isolated masterpieces. But it has not the Smith. Illustrated. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. extraordinary vividness of the former or the se- Down THE O-hi-o. By Charles Humphrey Roberts. Chi- cago: A. C. McClurg & Co. renity of the latter. It is suggestive of the nov- THE ENCHANTED: An Authentic Account of the Strange els of Charles Kingsley, although it has not quite Origin of the New Psychical Club. By John Bell Bouton. their power of energizing ethical concepts or of New York : Cassell Pub'g Co. THE SARDONYX SEAL: A Romance of Normandy. By formulating the principles of Christianity in Belle Gray Taylor. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. terms universally sympathetic. The Reforma- THE PRIMES AND THEIR NEIGHBORS : Ten Tales of Mid- tion is treated too much in the spirit of the dle Georgia. By Richard Malcolm Johnston. New York: D. Appleton & Co. modern pulpit,—it is viewed with too much of A SAPPHO OF GREEN SPRINGS, and Other Stories. By unctuous self-satisfaction. It is constantly be- Bret Harte. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. ing implied that the Reformation did the whole Zadoc PINE, and Other Stories. By H. C. Bunner. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. business of enlightenment for Christendom and BALAAM AND His MASTER. By Joel Chandler Harris. that we have nothing else to do but fold our Boston: Houghton, Miffin & Co. hands and be thankful that we were born, as OTTO THE KNIGHT, and Other Trans-Mississippi Stories. Mr. Ruskin puts it, “ in the very nick of time, By Octave Thanet. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. STORIES OF OLD New SPAIN. By Thomas A. Janvier. and in the punctual place, when and where New York: D. Appleton & Co. pure Divine truth had been sifted from the FIFTY YEARS, THREE MONths, Two Days: A Tale of errors of the nations.” With so large a can- the Neckar Valley. By Julius Wolff. Translated by W. Henry and Elizabeth R. Winslow. New York: T. Y. Crowell & Co. vas to cover and so many figures to crowd up- Boris LENSKY. By Ossip Schubin. Translated by Elise on it, Mr. Gunsaulus has naturally done bet- L. Lathrop. Illustrated. New York: Worthington Co. ter in some places than in others. Whenever SCUM. By Valdes. With Introduction by Edmund Gosse. New York: U.S. Book Co. the bibliophile has been aroused, as in his ac- A CHRISTIAN WOMAN. By Emilia Pardo Bazán. Trans- counts of the fifteenth century printing press, lated by Mary Springer. New York: Cassell Publishing Co. he has done particularly well. His Walden- Dona Luz. By Juan Valera. Translated by Mary J. Ser- sian descriptions are excellent, as are also his rano. New York: D. Appleton & Co. PEPITA XIMENEZ, By Juan Valera. Translated by Mary descriptions of ceremonial. Of the eminent J. Serrano, with Introduction by the Author. New York: men whom he has introduced, the most careful D. Appleton & Co. treatment has been given to Erasmus, whose The FIDALGOs of Casa MOURISCA. By Julio Diniz (Joa- quim Guilherme Gomes Coelho). Translated by Roxana L. figure is drawn with a skilful and sympathetic Dabney. Boston: D. Lothrop Co. hand. A less successful attempt at portrait- 1891.] 49 THE DIAL ure is that of Francis I., whom the author does with the serenest satisfaction, and to put down not quite succeed in making real for us. The with the fixed resolution to read again as soon other historical personages of the narrative areas its memory has become a little dimmed. shadows of varying degrees of indistinctness. Little by little, the picture of American life He crowds so much history into the work that | in its less familiar aspects is being drawn by the effect is confused, and a statement made in our novelists. Mr. Charles Humphrey Roberts a chapter near the close that " those who care is the latest of the artists to whose united ef. nothing for history have long since deserted us” | forts the complete work will at some future time is an admission of the fact that the romance be due, and his scenes are found in the river quâ romance cannot hold the reader. We, counties of Pennsylvania and Ohio before the however, have no objection to unlimited history war, as the title, “ Down the O-hi-o,” suffi- in a historical romance, provided it be artistic ciently indicates. The Quaker settlements ally handled, and we have read the book, history along the river, and, incidentally, the operations and all, with genuine pleasure. We must call at of the Underground Railway, constitute his tention to a few errors, most of them trifling. theme, and about it he has woven a simple but A nuthatch is a bird, but we have never heard interesting narrative, abounding in strong sit- of a “ nut-hatcher.” Jeanne and not “ Jeane” uations and admirable bits of descriptive local is the proper form for the feminine of Jean. color. The leaning tower of Bologna is Garisenda, A curious psychical conceit, and a love story not “Carisenda." The verse“ Which way of somewhat primitive simplicity, are the main I fly is hell," etc., is from Milton, and not ingredients of “ The Enchanted.” To take the from Shakespeare. On the subject of Lucian, love story first, it is concocted of the usual ele- whom the author often mentions, he seems ments, with a suspicion of snobbery, a touch of hopelessly confused. Lucian of “ Samostata” American jingoism, and a dash of Stocktonian and Lucian's “ Pharsalia” may perhaps be ex- | humor. The conceit can be best described in plained as typographical errors, but what are the language used in setting forth the aims of we to think of the plays of Lucian ?” And the New Psychical Club." Its avowed object the description of Lucian as a “ Latin writer,” | is the selection and visiting of places, at home the context making it certain that Lucian is and abroad, made famous by the genius of truly really meant, leaves us aghast. great poets and novelists, and the reproduction We do not know that Mr. F. Hopkinson (by a strenuous exercise of the will) of the Smith claims to be a professional man of let imaginary scenes and incidents with which ters. But it often happens that literary work those localities are identified.” The origina- of the most delightful character comes from tors of the club, whose fortunes are related in men with whom authorship is but a pastime, the story, are two American gentlemen who and this principle has rarely received a happi are very successful in the cultivation of hallu- er illustration than in the case of “ Colonel cinations, and who learn to people some conse- Carter of Cartersville.” This lovely story adds crated spot (such as the Jungfrau of Byron's to the admirable literary qualities of Mr. “ Manfred ”) with the figures there placed by Smith's sketches of artistic travel, the charac imaginative genius, very much as we project ter-drawing, the invention, the humor, and the into the grate-fire the scenes and images of our pathos, of a very high type of fiction. Not fancy. Having duly developed this faculty, our even Colonel Johnston has reproduced for us two“ subjects” re-create the New York of with more sympathetic insight the fine old Diedrich Knickerbocker and the Boston of Southern gentlemen, the same in post-bellum Hester Prynne, behold Lady Godiva at Coven as in ante-bellum days, courtly of manner and try, and commune with the members of the generous of disposition ; the soul of hospitalPickwick Club at Rochester. Their attempt ity as few now understand the term, yet wholly to reproduce a merely historical scene—the impracticable, and standing hopelessly aloof duel between Hamilton and Burr-results in from the new order of things American. The failure, thus leading to the establishment of the story is one that provokes to mirth, and yet the principle that no such scene “ can be conjured mirth is chastened, almost to tears, but leaves up unless previously steeped in the glowing no trace of bitterness behind. In these things imagination of the true enchanter.” It is upon lies the charm, and in the absence of anything their European travels that one of our experi- like analysis and the other manifestations of menters meets with the object of his affections conscious literary art. It is a book to read / -a Miss Amanda Robison—and finds a sure THE DIAL [June, way to her heart by avoiding the pitfall into humorous and others a tragic motive, and each which those of his predecessers had fallen who is sustained in its own appropriate key. Even had inadvertantly made - Robinson ” out of dialect becomes readable and enjoyable when her name. the writer can so make us feel, not only its “ The Sardonyx Seal” is as romantic a ro- faithfulness but the necessity for its use as well. mance as one might wish. The scene is on the If we have a favorite among the half-score of coast of Normandy. The characters are such these stories—if there be a primus inter pares, as have existed heretofore only in Ouida's novels, -it is the one entitled “ Travis and Major Jon- and the plot is bewilderingly complicated. One athan Wilby.” The patriarchal aspect of or more lives are saved in every chapter, and slavery should not be forgotten in our general mystery is unfolded upon mystery. It is quite estimate of the institution, and we learn from creditable that the author clears up as many as such a story what that aspect was. As for she does. The story abounds in French words humor, no one familiar with Colonel Johnston's that are almost as good as their English equiv work need be told that it is of the subtlest and alents, and they are correctly spelled in nearly best. half the instances. The opening paragraph Mr. Harte's volume contains four stories, de- consists of three groups of words which, what lightful enough, but upon themes that must be ever they may be, are certainly not sentences, at last admitted to be a trifle treadbare, and a although each is terminated with a period. In little too suggestive of earlier performances. the first chapter we are told of a cavern in the Their careless construction and lack of definite cliff, of which “it is said that its ragged stair- | aim are in striking contrast with the contents way had its exit beneath the old fort, that in- of the volume just noticed. But all of the deed its corner-stone was laid directly over the four abound in admirable passages, in bits of spot.” This is very curious. We are further description and dialogue worthy of the writer's told that “this is only legendary and is not sup- best days. “A Mæcenas of the Pacific Slope” ported by reliable modern authority.” Surely is perhaps the most interesting of them, al- no one will believe in it after that. There is a though an inquiring reader might wonder how professor of geology in this chapter who dis- all those people came to be in Mr. Rushbrook's courses “ learnedly on stratas of chalk, flint, house, and why Grace Nevil allowed herself to and silicon,” and who volunteers the informa- be imposed upon by so transparent a schemer tion that the cliffs are 6 composed, for the most as Jack Somers. part, by the shells of a little animal called “ The Zadoc Pine Labor Union," which globigerina, which lives on the surface of the gives a title to Mr. Bunner's volume of stories, sea.” If the geologist of her fancy thus talks was originally published in one of the maga- scientifically of the cliffs, the writer herself zines and attracted much attention. It is a treats them from the æsthetic point of view, story with a decided moral, and is an instruc- and this is what she evolves : “ It is pleasant to tive contribution to the labor question. The see how graciously they slope their graceful five other stories that keep it company are not shoulders down to the smiling valley, inviting nearly so good, although “ Natural Selection” mankind to closer intimacy, and mankind ac has some clever passages, and “Mrs. Tom's cepts the invitation too.” We wonder what Spree" is pathetic to a cruel degree. else it accepts. Altogether, this story is an “ Uncle Remus” is almost as welcome a awful warning to literary aspirants. It is evi story-teller as Colonel Johnston. There are six dently the work of a very young woman. stories in “ Balaam and His Master,” and the Among recent volumes of short stories, the negro with his dialect plays an important part palm is easily awarded to “ The Primes and in them. They mostly picture the period of Their Neighbors.” Even Mr. Harte, approved war and reconstruction, and so occupy a field master of the art as he is, must take the sec quite distinct from that of Colonel Johnston's ond place. Colonel Johnston's stories are ex tales. They also depend more upon accessories amples of the best sort of realism,—that which for their interest, character-study pure and is faithful to the facts of life, but which also simple not being their only purpose. “A Con- recognizes the duty of ordering the facts in script's Christmas," as a playful treatment of forms of artistic symmetry. These stories are a serious situation, is almost inimitable. In as admirable in their construction as they are “ The Old Bascom Place,” as well as in others faithful in their depiction of Georgia planta- of the stories, the devotion of a negro to his tion life, fifty years ago. Some have a merely former master is the predominant note, and it 1891.] 51 THE DIAL is introduced with sweet and pathetic effect. whom he has long been estranged, and to marry The story of “ Otto the Knight,” which gives her in time to avert the impending disaster. the title to Octave Thanet's volume, is, like It should be added that, until after the mar- * Zadoc Pine," a study of the labor question, riage, the hero of the story remains in igno- although in this case there is a considerable ele- rance of the law and its consequences. The ment of romantic adulteration. In fact, most plot is ingeniously arranged, and the story is of the stories in this volume touch upon what of much romantic interest. But the charac- are known in certain quarters as “ questions of | ters, who live at the close of the fourteenth the day," the necessity for civil service reform century, seem too familiar with the amenities being most eloquently presented in “ The | of modern thought and feeling to satisfy even Plumb Idiot,” and the prohibitionist most an unexacting realist; and in these days of amusingly depicted in “ The Day of the archæological romances and pedantic fictions, Cyclone." The admirable work of this writer the author of so frankly romantic a work is is distinguished by its under-current of earnest not likely to get all the favor he deserves. Con- thought no less than by its faithful realism. cessions are made to medievalism in the shape It has didactic as well as artistic aims, the of castles, robber barons, feudal customs, and one being as clearly conceived as the other, astrologers, but the spirit is modern. To men- while the dangerous combination is effected tion a single example: the mother-in-law prob- with an unusual degree of skilfulness. As lem, although doubtless old enough in asser- faithful studies of American provincial life, tion, is treated in the manner of the newspa- these stories are deserving of very high praise. per paragraphist of the present day. Last of the half-dozen particularly noticeable Most translations are unsatisfactory because recent volumes of short stories, we must say a they are inaccurate, but the translation of "Boris word of Mr. Janvier's “ Stories of Old New Lensky” is unsatisfactory because the transla- Spain.” Mr. Janvier has Mexico all to him tor cannot write the English language. The self as a field for romance, whether in minia | story is a rather disagreeable one, being in a ture or of full stature. Other people go to more sombre vein than that to which “ Ossip Mexico and write books of travel or archæolog Schubin ” has heretofore accustomed us. The ical treatises about it ; Mr. Janvier takes the discovery which awaits the experimenter 'bold better course of learning about its intimate life, enough to scratch a Russian is proverbial, but of those aspects of the land not to be seen from the Russian of this story is more of a monster the Pullman car window or caught sight of in the than he need have been for the verification of corridors of hotels. Moreover, Mr. Janvier the saying. Nor is the artistic temperament, has a pretty vein of romantic sentiment, and superadded to the Russian character, quite suf- even has the knack of dressing up attractively ficient to make us accept so abnormal a type a bit of history. And for all of these reasons as the hero of this morbid romance. Only the together his stories are very delightful and help constructive skill of the writer makes the story us to forget, in part, that we are the heirs of endurable. modern civilization with all its serious respon The new Spanish fiction has produced no sibilities. stronger or more interesting work than the The translation of a title is often an awkward “ Espuma ” of Señor Valdes," called “Scum” problem, but it is not often so clumsily solved in its anonymous English translation, and ush- as in the case of Wolff's “ Das Recht der Hage ered into the English-speaking world by Mr. stolze.” The translators of this novel have Edmund Gosse. As far as its English goes given to their work the title “ Fifty Years, the translation is excellent; it is a work of Three Months, Two Days.” It seems that | smooth, natural, well-balanced prose. Of its according to an old German law the estate of accuracy we have no external means of judg- a bachelor who attained the above age without ing, for the translation is, by arrangement with entering into wedlock reverted, after his death, the author, published simultaneously with the to the Prince Palatinate. This law, naturally | original. The author's choice of a title seems to enough, gives to the story its real title, for the have been guided by the feeling that led Tour- action concerns a bachelor knight of the Neckar | guénieff to give the similar title of “ Smoke ” valley, who, approaching the dangerous term, to one of the greatest of his works. That is, and ignorant of the law in question, is brought, the work depicts the superficial aspects of soci- by the skilfully-contrived plot of his relatives, | ety, their vanity, their shifting forms, and their to become reconciled with the woman from I unsubstantial reality. The picture is painted 52 [June, THE DIAL in masterly fashion ; it is acute, subtle, and in the lover has already entered the priesthood, tensely modern. It is also extremely natural, while in the case of Pepita he only contem- although, in this estimate, due regard must be plates doing so. As Señor Valera is nothing had for local and racial characteristics. The if not decorous, Father Enrique, the priest, has habit of bursting into tears upon all critical to stifle his passion and die of something very occasions, which in this novel is characteristic like a broken heart; while Don Luis, the can- of the men no less than of the women, is one didate for holy orders, is free to change his that may seem unnatural to readers of sterner plans, although not without a struggle, and to race, but it represents a true phase of the mod- become a man of the world and the father of ern Latin temperament. The purpose of the a family. There is a great deal of analysis in work, although artistically concealed, is clear both these volumes, which accounts for the to the eyes of discernment. The novelist's somewhat extravagant praise of Mr. Howells, power is shown in his presentation of the im and very little action. There is also a great plied contrast between the frothy surface life of deal of religious discussion in one form or an- Madrid society and the serious life whose cur other. As pictures of provincial manners, both rent flows just beneath. Only once is the stories are admirable. And, as Mr. Howells scum blown aside for us, that we may gaze remarks, they are also interesting as examples freely into the depths below; but we are all of the kind of literary work so frequently done the time conscious that men may and do live by“ those many-sided publicists of southern for other than vain aims, and the emptiness of Europe, beside whom our own politicians do the life portrayed is emphasized by the con not seem so gigantic as we like to think them stant suggestion of the existence of contrasted when the other party is not running them for nobler ideals. At times the author half re office.” moves his mask, and shows himself the indig One more novel from the Iberian peninsula nant satirist that he is at heart. But, without claims our attention, and directs it to a litera- regard to its deeper meaning, the story is a re ture almost unknown to English readers,—that markably vivacious depiction of society in a of Portugal. The name of Coelho is as unfa- great modern capital, and those who find in it miliar as a name well can be, and yet, to judge no more than this will be amply rewarded for from “ The Fidalgos of Casa Mourisca," it is reading it. one to conjure with. This work is a beautiful - A Christian Woman" is the title, some example of a type common enough in Conti- what peculiar in consideration of the type of nental fiction, the type which aims to depict character represented by its heroine, of a novel the conflict between conservatism and liberal- translated from the Spanish of Señora Emilia ism, between aristocracy and democracy, be- Pardo Bazán. The author does not seem to tween old ideas and new. For the current of have the gift of the novelist, and her story is that Revolution which has swept away the old incoherent and pointless. Perhaps it is the order of things in France and Italy, and which latter because it is incomplete (there being a is fast sweeping it away in the Teutonic North, sequel), but it is difficult to imagine how any has not passed by the lands beyond the Pyre- completion could give it unity or symmetry. nees; and even Portugal, perhaps the last of It is also marked by glaring faults of taste and European countries to feel the influence, has an unwholesome sort of imagination. What- awakened to the consciousness that “God ful- ever style the original may have is lost in the fils himself in many ways.” But the course awkwardly-made translation. Mr. Rollo Og of the current there, as elsewhere, has not been den contributes an interesting biographical in- unimpeded, and many a feudal custom, many troduction. a proud family, has long resisted the invading A new novel by Señor Juan Valera and a flood of the modern spirit. To describe such new edition of a novel itself not so new come a family, with its characteristic modes of life to us at the same time. “ Pepita Ximenez” and thought, was the task of Senhor Coelho in has many friends already, and we doubt not this story, as the title indicates, for “ fidalgo”. that they will cheerfully admit “ Doña Luz” is obviously the Portuguese form of “ hidalgo," to a share in this friendship. The two stories and the term “Casa Mourisca” is used in the have many characteristics in common. They sense in which Jules Sandeau made “ La Mai- are both quiet in style and refined in senti son de Penarvan ” the title of one of his most ment, and in both alike the heroine has a cler charming stories. Indeed, we have often been ical lover. But in the case of Doña Luz reminded of that work in reading Senhor Coel- 1891.] 53 THE DIAL ho's novel. For the Portuguese romance has his list of authorities on Massachusetts he has Brooks the same grace and simplicity of style, presents Adams's “ Emancipation of Massachusetts ” and the same sort of ideals, and offers the same con- Hallowell's “ Quaker Invasion of Massachusetts," trast between the aristocrat, on the one hand, both of which have been reviewed in THE DIAL and shown to have little historical value. “Of Mas- and the industrious, self-made, self-respecting sachusetts histories,” he says, “ Barry's is perhaps farmer, on the other. And in both stories the best”-a statement which will cause a student alike, the younger generation puts an end to | of early New England history to smile,-and yet the estrangement of feeling characteristic of he makes no mention of Hutchinson's History, which the elder, and the old spirit becomes wedded, for the colonial period is the best. Cf the contem- both literally and symbolically, with the new. porary authorities relating to the Plymouth Colony, he makes no mention of “ Mourt's Relation,” the WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. earliest and best on the subject. Palfrey's “ His- tory of New England” is described as “full and philosophical, but already somewhat superseded.” BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. It would be instructive to learn what work or works have somewhat superseded ” Palfrey. Mather's The first of three volumes of - Epochs of Ameri- “ Magnalia ” is not mentioned as a New England can History” appears in neat form, from the press of authority. Messrs. Longmans, Green & Co. Its title is “ The Colonies, 1492-1750,” and its author is Reuben MR. ANDREW LANG'S - Essays in Little” (Scrib- G. Thwaites, Secretary of the State Historical So- ner) is a collection of sixteen short papers on lit- ciety of Wisconsin. The general editor, Professor erary subjects. The five new essays are: “ Mr. A. B. Hart, of Cambridge, and the author use the Stevenson's Works,” “ Letters to a Young Journal. term “Colonies” with different meanings. The ist," " Mr. Kipling's Stories," "Homer and the Study former, in his preface, " offers to the public a new of Greek,” and “ The Last Fashionable Novel.” history of the United States”; and the author, in his There is not much to be said in the way of criticism preface, says, “ Attention is called to the fact, gen of Mr. Lang's new book, which is substantially a erally overlooked, that the thirteen Colonies which volume of journalistic reprints no better and no revolted in 1776 were not all of the English colo worse than its half dozen or so predecessors. We nial establishments in America”; and he gives about are all pretty familiar with the author's special the same attention to Colonies in the West India point of view, with his clever, chatty, rambling way Islands, the Bermudas, Bahamas, British Honduras, of discussing books and authors, with his feminine Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Canada, and Hudson's lightness of touch and his rather feminine sensitive- Bay Company, as he does to some of the thirteen ness as to the exact measure and quality of the Colonies. The conception of bringing the main facts “ humor" of Messrs. Scott, Thackeray, and Dick- of United States history into an accurate and con ens, and the exact measure and quality of the densed form was a good one, and it has been exe- "pathos" of Messrs. Dickens, Thackeray, and Scott. cuted in this volume as well as could be expected | The theme indicated is old, and, we suppose, choice- in the brief time assigned to the author. It shows, ly good ; but we confess to some weariness of the however, throughout, that the author was working endless discussions, the “ gentle and joyous passages- against time and his printers. Hence it has lapses at-arms,” which it has of late provoked--and which and errors which ought to be revised in the next Mr. Lang, among others, seems unable to forget. edition. Historical criticism has been very active In his paper on Thomas Haynes Bayly (one of in recent years, and the author should have been the best), for instance, he tells us, on the authority allowed the opportunity to look up and use its re of Mrs. Bayly, that—" Mr. Bayly ably penetrated sults. Of the younger historians, few are brighter the sources of the human heart ”; and cannot help or more zealous students than Mr. Thwaites. His adding, - like Shakespere and Mr. Howells." We best work he has done in Western history; and the presume this is “ wrote sarkasticul,” and one can field traversed by this compendium was one with fancy Mr. Howells “ writhing in impotent malice”— which he was less familiar. The manuscript before like the editor in “ Pickwick.” The range of Mr. printing should have been read by specialists in Lang's reading is wide, and his well-stored memory Colonial history. The book has alleged facts and is seconded by a notable skill in “ piecing-in," theories which have been exploded by modern in- some of these papers being quite remarkable speci- vestigation. An instance of this is his treatment mens of ingenious and artistic literary mosaic. of New England witchcraft. He has followed im- | Mr. Lang, of course, interweaves a good many clev- plicitly Upham and Bancroft. If he had read er things of his own, and now and then, when in Higginson's " Larger History of the United States,” | his critical vein, hits-or taps—the nail on the head which he mentions as a reliable authority, he would with great exactness. But one does not go to him have seen his mistake and been put on the right for criticism, strictly speaking. What he gives us track. The list of authors to be consulted has in is, in the main, the pleasantly told tale of his own general been prepared with too much haste. In literary preferences ; and if we cannot agree with 54 [June, THE DIAL him, cannot laugh or weep with him over his pet and the introduction and combination of the various passages—why, he is very sorry for us. The chief racial elements which make up the present mixed charm of his writing is due to a certain neat way population. He presents in a compact and readable of putting things, an unforeseenness of illustration, form the most of the facts which the students of fairly exemplified in the following sentence: “There American history will desire to know in regard to are literary reputations in France and England, the growth and development of the greatest city of which seem, like the fairies, to be unable to cross the Western world. The extended history of a running water.” Mr. Lang is always readable, great city must contain much that is of merely local and “Essays in Little” is a capital book to while interest, and can have but a limited circulation away an evening or two, and that not unprofitably. beyond those who may have a personal interest in The prefixed portrait of the author shows a face in it. Yet some of our large cities have so influenced which delicate sensibility and the proverbial North the development of the nation, and in themselves Country traits are oddly blended. have so well illustrated the various phases of its growth, that every well-informed person should The second and third volumes of Von Sybel's know more of their past life than may be found on great work, - The Founding of the German Em- the pages of an ordinary history. The series of pire" (Crowell), carry on the story to 1864. The - Historic Towns” has been arranged with this archives are made to yield their secrets, and we now special point in view: to present in a compact and know much more than any of the actors themselves interesting form those facts in regard to the growth knew of the forces at work. With continually in of the great American cities which are of general creasing interest, we watch the development of the interest. diplomatic game between Austria and Prussia over the Confederation, till it ends in the success of Aus ORIGINALLY delivered as popular lectures before tria's bold policy and Prussia's humiliation. But a mixed audience, Professor Cyril Ransome's Short the men are soon to appear who shall bring order Studies of Shakespeare's Plots” (Macmillan) are out of the German chaos. In Book Six, which cov also offered as illustrations of the method the author ers the years from 1851 to 1857, Bismarck comes would like to see applied to the study of Shakes- prominently forward, his positiveness and courage peare in schools. He protests against the almost winning the favor of the vacillating Frederick Will exclusive prevalence of the philological and anti- iam. In this Book we get also the relations of Ger quarian side of Shakespeare study, and urges that many to the Crimean War. Book Seven gives the the first object of Shakespeare teachers should be story of the regency of William, a marked illustra to create an interest in the plays themselves. Thus tion of the influence that one strong character can far the writer claims our entire sympathy; but when have upon the policy and destiny of a great nation. he proceeds to develop his plan for creating such an Strength and decision replace amiable weakness, interest, we are less satisfied. He would have the the army is reorganized, and though there is a re students taught to ask themselves, at the end of action in policy towards absolutism, there is a vigor each scene or oftener, such questions as these: What that wins respect. Book Eight brings in the min has this scene done to advance the story? What istry of Bismarck and the policy of “ blood and | light has been thrown by it upon the characters of iron.” The government becomes well-nigh abso the persons concerned ? What light has been thrown lute, but manages affairs with wonderful success. upon the circumstances under which the events which The pen-pictures of the actors in this great modern form the plot take place? Now such questions as drama are clear and full. The third volume is de these are very well so far as they go; but they do voted to the relations between Denmark and Ger not go far enough. Such a method of dealing with many, the Schleswig-Holstein question, the chastise Shakespeare implies that Shakespeare is interesting ment of Denmark by the two strong powers of the chiefly for his plots or stories ; and to imply this Confederation, and the division of the spoils so soon is to put a very low valuation upon Shakespeare. to be the cause of war between the victors. Two Shakespeare repays study chiefly for the life prob- more volumes, which we await with impatience, lems which he sets forth, because he gives us, in the will complete the work. words of Emerson, “his convictions on those ques- tions which knock for answer at every heart,-on In his history of New York, in the “ Historic life and death, on love, on wealth and poverty, on Towns" series (Putnam), Mr. Theodore Roosevelt the prizes of life and the ways whereby we come at has given a plain but attractive account of the them ; on the characters of men, and the influences, origin and growth of the great American metrop- occult and open, which affect their fortunes; and olis. The book does not give evidence of extended on those mysterious and demoniacal powers which research, but is written for the great mass of readers, defy our science, and which yet interweave their and no doubt will be favorably received. He out- | malice and their gift in our brightest hours.” Into lines briefly the history of the city, devoting more this high realm of interpretation Professor Ransome than two-thirds of the space to the period previous does not enter, and hence his book is not of the to the present century, tracing the development of highest type. It is, however, quite entertaining and its political institutions, its partisan government, I readable, and it occupies a place about midway be- 1891.] THE DIAL tween Lamb's “ Tales from Shakespeare ” and the occasional looseness of expression. Mrs. Butler, books of higher criticism, such as those of Cole for instance, speaks of a certain idea as “ an ex- ridge, Hudson, and Dowden. The plays discussed ploded old woman's fanatical fancy”—which is not are eight in number: Hamlet, Julius Cæsar, Mac perhaps quite what she meant to say. The book beth, King Lear, Richard II., Othello, Coriolanus, is handsomely gotten up, and contains a well exe- The Tempest. cuted engraving of Mrs. Charles Kemble. An agreeable addition to the Shakespeare library The edition of Adeline's “ Art Dictionary," re- is Sidney Lee's “ Stratford-on-Avon ” (Macmillan). cently issued by Messrs. Appleton & Co., is really The author gives an interesting account of a muni- an enlargement of M. Jules Adeline's excellent cipality not unworthy of study for its own sake; “ Lexique des Termes d'Art," additional matter instead of giving a mere panegyric on the parochial having been incorporated from Fairholt, and the relics and souvenirs of the poet's birthplace, he con- whole revised and brought down to date by a com- siders it more in harmony with the perspective of petent editor. The aim of the work is to give a history to create a picture of the society in which concise definition of all the terms used in Painting, Shakespeare actually moved. He begins with the Sculpture, Architecture, Etching, Engraving, Her- origin of the town, describes its agricultural life, aldry,-in fact, of all art terms, whether connected its trade, markets and fairs, the growth of self- with theory or practice. The definitions are con- government, the sanitary conditions, domestic and cise and to the point, the need of detailed descrip- school discipline, the occupations of Stratford lads, tion being much reduced by some two thousand their rural sports and indoor amusements,--all of well-executed intelligible illustrations. Outwardly, those things which could not be without their influ- the volume is very attractive, and, while not in- ence in shaping the life of a Stratford townsman of tended to take the place of large and exhaustive greater receptivity than his neighbors. Shakespeare works, it has the advantages accruing from com- the author does not appear at all in these pages ; pactness and comprehensiveness. but William Shakespeare, son of the unlucky wool- stapler of Henley street, and later the prosperous In her pleasantly-written account of “ Japanese owner of New Place, is seen “in his habit as he Girls and Women" (Houghton), Alice M. Bacon lived." Illustrations to the number of forty-five shows us a phase of life hitherto little known. Like reproduce some of the most interesting scenes and other Orientals, the Japanese is reticent as to his places, and add to the beauty and value of the book. domestic penetralia. Hence, while a good deal of information has been gathered as to the outward Ix “ Further Records, 1848-1883 ” (Holt), Fran- | aspects of life in Japan, its history, polity, and in- ces Anne Kemble furnishes a sequel to her previ. dustries, we know comparatively little of its inner ously published volumes, “ Records of a Girlhood” home life, especially that portion of it touching the and Records of Later Life.” The book is made rearing and domestic status of women. This want up of letters written by Mrs. Butler after her re- is acceptably supplied in the present volume, Miss tirement from public life, and though enlivened | Bacon's intimacy with a number of Japanese ladies throughout by the writer's shrewd humor and rather furnishing her with facts unattainable to the mas- caustic comment on her cis-Atlantic surroundings, culine observer. The book is handsomely and cor- it naturally falls short of its predecessors in variety rectly printed, and has the substantial merit of and general interest. The correspondence is chiefly throwing new light on an interesting subject. of a personal and confidential nature, and there is a good deal of small detail as to domestic matters, L A BOOKLET privately printed by its author, Mr. complaint of servants, discussion of family concerns, L. H. Boutell, of the Chicago bar, treats of Alexan- etc., and the American reader's patience will be der Hamilton, not in the character of a successful taxed by the frequent, and not always, we think, national financier by which he is most widely known, well-founded, censure of American traits and usages. but in that of a constructive statesman. It shows Mrs. Butler, despite her enlarged experience, has that to Hamilton more than to any other, more per- not quite got rid of the curious tendency of her haps than to all others, our national government countrymen to assume that a thing is wrong sim owes the strength which enabled it to resist the ply because it is un-English ; a reason scarcely strains of our late Civil War. The story of Ham- satisfactory to mankind at large. There is a fair ilton's struggles to evoke order out of the chaos amount of anecdote of and comment on well-known which succeeded the Revolutionary War, and his people—Longfellow, Lord Houghton, Edward Fitz crowning success in the adoption of the Constitution, gerald, Harriet Martineau, and others—scattered is most interesting, and is here told in a style which throughout the volume; but its chief interest is due is a model of condensation and clearness. This to the vigorous individuality of the writer, her keen contribution to a better understanding of the charac- perceptions, and her clear-cut, freely-expressed opin ter and work of the brilliant man whom Professor ions on current events. The editing of the volume Bryce has characterized as the most interesting to is not specially thorough ; and a careful revision of Europeans of any in the earlier history of the Re- the letters would doubtless bave freed them from public, is worthy of a wide reading. 56 [June, THE DIAL With the Admiral of the Ocean Sea: A Narrative of the First Voyage to the Western World. Drawn mainly from the Diary of Christopher Columbus. By Charles Paul Mackie. 12mo, pp. 371, gilt top, uncut edges. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.75. The Founding of the German Empire by William I. By Heinrich von Sybel. Translated by Marshall Livingston Perrin, assisted by Gamaliel Bradford, Jr. Vol. III., with frontispiece, 8vo, pp. 478, gilt top. T. Y, Crowell & Co. $2.00. Documents illustrative of American History, 1600- 1863. With introduction and references, by Howard W. Preston. Second edition, 8vo, pp. 320, gilt top, uncut edges. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50). The Spanish Conspiracy: A Review of Early Spanish Movements in the Southwest. By Thomas Marshall Green, author of "Historic Families of Kentucky.” Svo, pp. 407. Robert Clarke & Co. $2.00. The Parnell Movement: Being the History of the Irish Movement. By T. P. O'Connor, M.P. With sketch of author by Thomas Nelson Page. 16mo, pp. 370. Cassell Pub'g Co. $1.50. The Communes of Lombardy from the VI. to the X. Cen- tury. By William Knapp Williams, Ph.D. Svo, pp. 86, uncut. Johns Hopkins Press. Paper, 50 cents. TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. June, 1891. Alaska. Grace Peckham. Lippincott. Alexandra, Princess of Wales. Lucy C. Lillie. Lippincott. Alps, In the. J. and E. R. Pennell. Century. American Riders. T. A. Dodge. Harper. Atlantic, Safety on the. W. H. Rideing. Scribner. Australia. Sir C. W. 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This edition is embellished with over two hundred Photogravures on Japanese government paper, from original drawings and paintings by the best illustrators in America, and Photographs of the actual scenes and places referred to, gathered on the spot especially for this edition. THE MANUFACTURE OF THE BOOK IS PERFECT. The type is large and new, and set in a fine open page. The margins are ample, and the paper a beautiful natural-tint laid paper. The volume is a small 8vo, easy to handle, and the binding is vellum cloth, gilt top, slightly trimmed. The set will be complete in THIRTY-Two volumes, issued at the rate of about two volumes per month, at $2.50 per Volume. Prospectus and specimen pages, showing type, page, and paper, with sample illustration, mailed free on application. THIS SET IS NOT FOR SALE AT THE BOOKSTORES. ESTES & LAURIAT, BOSTON, Mass. 1891.] 67 THE DIAL e Nis study Rem ROBERT BROWNING. J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY Life and Letters of Robert Browning. 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LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, | Nos. 715 & 717 MARKET STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 68 (July, THE DIAL EASY TO REACH MANITOU. A PULLMAN CAR now runs from Chicago to Manitou Springs without change via the Santa Fé Route. It passes through Kansas City, Pueblo, and Colorado Springs. It leaves Dearborn Station, Chicago, on the Denver Limited at six o'clock, and reaches Manitou at half-past eight the second morning. No other line can offer this accommodation. You must change cars on any other line. Pullman Palace Cars are run by the Santa Fé Route, without change, Chicago to Las Vegas Hot Springs, Denver, Colorado Springs, Pueblo, Man- itou, and any other Rocky Mountain Summer Resorts, to which Excur- sicn tickets are being sold at 212 Clark Street, Chicago, Ill. What you can do with two vegetables : ASPARAGUS, Boiled Ragout of Stewed In ambush Fried Scalloped CORN, Boiled on cob Boiled in husks Cold Roasted Stewed Fritters Omelet Oysters Pudding Succotash HOT WEATHER DISHES. By Mrs. S. T. RORER. 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Fully illustrated. of our young people in the home and the schoolroom. It is arranged by attributes and distinctive subjects, as Beauty, PRIME MOVERS OF THE REVOLUTION - Known to Bravery, Character, Conversation, etc. the Author. By Rev. A. B. MưZZEY. Ilustrated, ito, cloth, $2.00, TIIE WILL AND THE WAY STORIES. By JESSIE BEN- TON FREMONT. 12mo. $1.00. Personal Reminiscences of men of the Revolution and their families, by one whose grandfather was among the "embat Mrs. Frémont is always a fascinating writer, but never more tled farmers” of Lexington. The volume contains many im- so than when she touches upon the scenes and incidents of her portant facts not to be found elsewhere. early life in the great West, when, with her gallant husband, General Frémont, she lived through experiences that tested THERE AND BACK. By GEORGE MacDonald. 12mo, her personal courage, quick wit, and sound sense. cloth, $1.50; paper, 30 cents. BUSINESS OPENINGS FOR GIRLS. 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The book is as full of the unexpected as any of its predecessors from the same pen, and contains as many situations' as a good comedy.”- New York Herald. FIFTY CENTS A NUMBER. S5.00 A YEAR. Subscriptions are received by all Booksellers, or may be sent directly to the Publishers, D. APPLETON & CO., 1, 3, & 5 Bond St., NEW YORK. For sale at the bookstores, or sent by mail, postpaid, on re- ceipt of price, by the Publishers, D. APPLETON & CO., 1, 3, & 5 Bond St., NEW YORK. \!!"ARY THE DIAL Vol. XII. JULY, 1891. No. 135. happily, in the Federal Convention he spoke against and declined to vote for the Declara- = =.- - -- - - - tion of Independence. From that day his CONTENTS. popularity waned; and in our time his name is almost forgotten as one of the leading patri- JOHN DICKINSON, THE QUAKER STATESMAN. ots of the Revolution. His associates in the W. F. Poole . ............. 71 Convention did not question his patriotism in THE STORY OF COLUMBUS. Rasmus B. Anderson 76 opposing the Declaration. Some of his con- THE JOURNAL OF A PENNSYLVANIA SENA stituents respected what they deemed to be his TOR. Frederick J. Turner ........ 78 moral courage in standing up to his honest THE VIKINGS IN WESTERN CHRISTENDOM. convictions, and others regarded it as timidity Aubertine Woodward Moore ... and indecision. His own theory seemed to be BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS .......... 83 that the tyrannical acts of the Townshend The Century Dictionary, Volume V.-- Story's Ex ministry were so illegal and contrary to the cursions in Art and Letters.- Mabie's Under the precedents of English history, they would be Trees and Elsewhere.-Lucas's Appendiculæ Histor- repealed by Parliament; and if not, the Dec- icæ; or, Shreds of History Hung on a Horn.--Hig- ginson's Life of Francis Higginson.-Emery's Notes laration should be postponed until foreign al- on English Literature. --Saint-Amand's Marie Louise, lies were secured. Elba, and the Hundred Days. Of his Pennsylvania associates, Robert Mor- TOPICS IN JULY PERIODICALS. ...... 86 ris followed Mr. Dickinson's example and ab- BOOKS OF THE MONTH .......... 86 sented himself when the vote was taken, but later signed the Declaration. Thomas Willing - - - and Charles Humphreys both voted against it. JOHN DICKINSON, THE QUAKER James Allen and Edward Biddle spoke against STATESMAN.* independence, but resigned before the vote was No more interesting and valuable contribu taken. James Wilson, one of the ablest men tion to United States history has recently ap- in the Convention, was in the opposition while peared than Dr. Stillé's “ Life and Times of it was debated, but voted for it. Dr. Frank- John Dickinson,” the Revolutionary statesman lin and John Morton were the only two Penn- of Pennsylvania and Delaware, and author of sylvania delegates who uniformly spoke and “ The Farmer's Letters." Much of the inter- voted in its favor. The day before the final est of the book is in the author's broad and vote was taken, the Pennsylvania delegation scholarly treatment of the subject, and the stood three in favor to four against. Dickin- side-lights he has been able, from his thorough son and Morris staying away, the final vote study of the period, to throw upon the great stood three to two. South Carolina changed controversial struggle which culminated in the its vote at the last moment in order to secure American Revolution. From the meeting of unanimity. The vote of Delaware was saved the Stamp-Act Congress in 1764 to July, 1776, by the return of an absent delegate. By so there was no person in the Colonies more con- narrow a margin was this great measure car- spicuous for his public services than Mr. ried by the vote of every colony, except New Dickinson. As a member of the Pennsylvania York, which came in eleven days later. Indi- Assembly, the Congress of 1764, the Conti- vidual delegates who had stood out, signed nental Congress, and the Convention for form- subsequently; but Mr. Dickinson never did. ing the Federal Constitution, he took a lead In later life he admitted that he made a mis ing part in the debates, and was usually se- take, but did not regret that he acted conscien- lected to write the important state papers. As tiously on the convictions he then had. a controversial writer, a student of history Mr. Dickinson was born on the eastern shore and of English constitutional precedents, he of Maryland, November 8, 1732. His father, had no equal among his contemporaries. Un- who was a wealthy Quaker, removed in 1740 to a large estate he had purchased near Dover, * THE LIFE AND TIMES OF John DICKINSON, 17:32–1808. Delaware. As a boy he had for a private tutor By Charles J. Stillé, LL.D. Philadelphia: Published for the Historical Society of Pennsylvania by J. B. Lippincott Co. | William Killen, a fine scholar, and later Chief 72 [July, THE DIAL seen in his cence of John "inciples of i Justice of Delaware. At eighteen he had ac provincial charter, the precedents of the En- quired the rudiments of a good English and glish revolutions of 1640 and 1688, the natu- classical education, a taste for history, and a ral rights of man, and the general rights of facility for literary composition. He then en Englishmen. In their wretchedness, New En- tered the law office of John Moland, in Phila gland lawyers, led by Samuel Adams and sup- delphia, who had been educated at the Temple | ported by the people, moved on to the theory in London. On reaching his majority, he of Independence; and were there long before went to London and entered as a student of the word had been broached in the middle law in the Middle Temple, where he remained colonies. There were no better lawyers in four years in the study of the principles and Boston than James Otis and John Adams. practice of the English statute and common The former, in his celebrated argument against law. Among his fellow students were Wil - Writs of Assistance," maintained that “ an liam Cowper, the poet, and men later known act of Parliament, contrary to the fundamen- as Lord Thurlow, Chief Justice Kenyon, and tal principles of English law, is void”; and the Earl of Hillsborough. The influence of John Adams, in 1776, wrote to Justice Cush- this English training is seen in his constant ing: “ You have my hearty concurrence in appeals to parliamentary history and English telling the jury the act of Parliament is void.”' precedents in the able papers he wrote during The letters and speeches of Samuel Adams the Revolutionary controversy. are filled with legal opinions like these. It was the custom at that time for gen- The clergy, and not the lawyers of New En- tlemen in the Middle and Southern States to land, had, from the beginning, been the lead- send their sons to the London inns of courters of public sentiment. During the first cen- for their law training. Dr. Stillé has a tury, the law as a profession was discounte- list of one hundred and fifteen American nanced. Thomas Lechford, a respectable En- students who were admitted to the differ- glish barrister, came over to Boston in 1638 ent inns from 1760 to 1783; and their geo to practice law; and so many obstacles were graphical classification shows some curious placed in his path, and so poor a livelihood did facts: South Carolina sent forty-seven, Vir- he earn, that he was glad to return to London ginia twenty-one, Maryland sixteen, Pennsyl- in 1641, and write a book about New En- vania eleven, New York five, and no other gland, entitled “ Plaine Dealing,” which, in state had more than one or two. If there were view of the rough treatment he received, is an in the list any students from New England, | excellent and generally impartial work. no one has a conspicuous record in Revolutions Mr. Dickinson returned from London in ary history. The Pennsylania bar at the time 1757, and entered upon the practice of law in was chiefly composed of lawyers who had Philadelphia. He had an independent for- studied in the London inns, all patriotic and tune; but he kept up his study of political of the highest professional standing; but agree science and practised his profession with the ing in this, that up to the Declaration of Inde- same zeal that he would have done if he had pendence the dispute with Great Britain was been dependent on it for a livelihood. In 1760 a legal question, and could be settled as other he was elected a member of the Delaware legal questions were, by an appeal to princi Assembly, and in 1762 a member of the ples recognized as well in the mother country Pennsylvania Assembly. The two states be- as in the colonies. This theory ran through fore the Revolution had the same Governor all of Mr. Dickinson's writings; and in the be but a different Assembly. The prominent ginning of the controversy was everywhere ac question then before the Pennsylvania Assem- cepted, as well in New England as in the mid bly was ridding itself of the proprietary gov- dle colonies. ernment of the Penn family, and petitioning A different theory later prevailed in the His Majesty to resume the government as a North. As the controversy went on, and the royal province. Here Mr. Dickinson met for burdens of the Boston-Port bill became still the first time Dr. Franklin as an antagonist- more oppressive, New England took stronger the former being the champion for the propri- ground. No one of its great lawyers had been etors, and the latter, with the assistance of trained in London; and for English consti Mr. Galloway, for the petitioners. In later tutional law as there taught they had little re- years they were often opponents in great ques- spect, or even consideration. It was enough tions, as was the fact both in Congress and for them that they knew Magna Charta, their l in the Federal Convention. Mr. Dickinson's xcellentiekinson tepon the princepe 1891.] THE DIAL 73 - - - - - -- - -- - - - - - - --- -- - - - - - - studies in English political science enabled him and in this place, signed “A Farmer”; wherein the to make a very able argument; but the peti- rights of American subjects are clearly stated and fully vindicated; and that Benj. Church, John Hancock, tioners had the popular side, and prevailed. Samuel Adams, Joseph Warren, and John Rowe be a The petition, however, was never presented to committee to prepare and publish a letter of thanks the King, and nothing came of it. accordingly.” The Sugar Act was passed by Parliament in Such a letter was drafted, addressed - To the in- March, 1764, and it was known that the Stamp genious Author of certain patriotic Letters sub- Act was contemplated. In 1765, before the scribed “A Farmer.'” An appropriate ac- latter was enacted, Mr. Dickinson printed a knowledgment of the letter was returned, dated pamphlet for readers in England, entitled April 11, 1768, and signed - A Farmer,” from - The late Regulations respecting the British which it is probable that the name of the writer Colonies on the Continent of America, consid was not then known. The first letter begins ered in a Letter from a Gentleman in Philadel thus : phia to a Friend in London.” In this he “I am a farmer, settled, after a variety of fortunes, showed that England would suffer far more near the banks of the river Delaware in the province of Pennsylvania. I received a liberal education. .. from the new regulations than the colonies My farm is small, my servants are few and good, I themselves; and the arguments were used by have a little money at interest; I wish for no more. Pitt and other friends of the colonies in Par . . . Being generally master of my time, I spend liament. The Stamp Act was passed in March, a good deal of it in my library, which I think the most 1765, and repealed in February, 1766 ; but the | valuable part of my estate. . . . I have acquired, I believe, a greater knowledge of history and the laws principle of taxation was not abandoned. In and constitution of my country than is generally at- the Stamp-Act Congress which met in New tained by men of my class, many of them not being so York in October, 1764, Mr. Dickinson was the fortunate as I have been in the opportunities of getting leading member, and drew up the resolutions information." which denied the right of Parliament to lay These letters were accepted as a political a tax upon the Colonies. Dr. Stillé, in a note, text-book by Americans, who were then grop- refers to Appendix I. for the original draft; ing blindly for a legal remedy for their griev- but by mistake he has inserted another set of ances. They found here a defense for resist- resolutions prepared by Mr. Dickinson for the ance on purely constitutional grounds, and a Pennsylvania Assembly. The original draft basis of action upon which Middle State con- may be seen in Mr. Dickinson's “ Political servatives and New En