reds of the Mark. By WILLIAM DREAMS. By OLIVE SCHREINER, author of « The MORRIS. 12mo, Oxford style. Price, $2.00. Story of an African Farm.” 16mo, cloth. Author's Edi- LOUISA M. ALCOTT: Her Life, Letters, and Journal. tion, with portrait. Price, $1.00. Edited by EDNAH D. CHENEY. With portraits and views ONE OF OUR CONQUERORS. A Novel. By GEORGE of the Alcott Home in Concord. One volume, 16mo, uni- form with “ Little Women.” Price, $1.50. MEREDITH. Price, $1,50. GEORGE MEREDITH'S NOVELS. 11 vols., 12mo. NANON. By GEORGE SAND. Translated by Eliz- ABETH WORMELEY LATIMER. 12mo, half Russia. Price, English Edition, price, $2.00 each ; Author's Popular Edi- $1.50. tion, $1.50 each ; half calf, $25,00 per set. THE POET AND HIS SELF. A volume of Poetry. IN HIS NAME. Illustrated. By Rev. E. E. HALE. By ARLO BATEs. 16mo, cloth, gilt top. Price, $1.50. A new edition of this beautiful story. 16mo, cloth. Uni- form with “ Ten Times One." Price, $1.25. THE DAY'S MESSAGE. A Brief Selection of Prose and Verse for Each Day in the Year. Chosen by SUSAN BALZAC'S NOVELS. Translated by Miss WORMELEY. COOLIDGE. 16mo, white and green cloth. Price, $1.00; 19 vols., half Russia. Price, $1.50 per volume. full gilt and gilt edges, price, $1.25. For sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent by mail, postpaid, on receipt of price, by the Publishers, ROBERTS BROTHERS, BOSTON, Mass. فو 1891.] THE DIAL 295 BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG FOLKS. By Blizaneen SAL OSE HERO and Henneae D. A Story. BROSE AND LOAN FIND Risien." A LOST HERO. ROSE AND LAVENDER. By ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS WARD and HERBERT D. A Story. By the author of "Miss Toosey's Mission,” etc. WARD. With 50 Illustrations by Frank T. Merrill. Small 16mo, cloth, $1.00. quarto, cloth, $1.50. This little story, originally contributed to the “ Youth's THE ELECTRICAL BOY. Companion,” teaches the grandeur of a brave deed, and the | Or, The Career of Richard Greatman and George Greatthings. beauty of self-sacrifice. By Prof. John TROWBRIDGE, of Harvard University. Illus- IN THE HIGH VALLEY. trated, 16mo, cloth, $1.50, By Susan COOLIDGE, being the fifth and last of the “ Katy JOCK O'DREAMS. Did” Series. Illustrated by Jessie McDermott. 16mo, | A Child's Storybook. By JULIE M. LIPPMANN. Illustrated cloth, $1.25. by Jessie McDermott. Square 12mo, cloth, $1.25. LAST WORDS. A Final Collection of Stories. By Mrs. J. H. Ewing, author OLD ROUGH THE MISER. of " Jackanapes," “ The Story of a Short Life," etc. Illus- | By Lily F. WESSELHOEFT, author of “Sparrow, the Tramp," trated by H. D. Murphy. Square 12mo, cloth, $1.25. “Flipwing, the Spy," " The Winds, The Woods, and The Wanderer." With 21 illustrations by J. F. Goodridge. JOLLY GOOD TIMES AT HACKMATACK. Square 16mo, cloth, $1.25. By Mary P. WELLS SMITH, author of “ Jolly Good Times," “ Jolly Good Times at School,” “The Browns," " Their THE KNIGHTING OF THE TWINS, Canoe Trip." Square 16mo, cloth, $1.25. And Other Stories. By CLYDE Fitch. Illustrated by Vir- ginia Gerson. Small 4to, cloth, $1.25. PRIS. A Story. By the author of “Miss Toosey's Mission," "Lad- BETTY, A BUTTERFLY. die," "Tip Cat," "Our Little Ann,'" " Zoe,'' etc. 16mo, By A. G. PLYMPTON, author of “Dear Daughter Dorothy." limp covers, 50 cents. Illustrated by the author. Square 12mo, cloth, $1.00. DEAR DAUGHTER DOROTHY. By Miss A. G. PLYMPTON. With seven illustrations by the author. Small 4to, cloth, $1.00. DONALD AND DOROTHY. By Mary MAPES DODGE. Illustrated, 16mo, cloth, $1.50. SETS OF STANDARD BOOKS FOR GIRLS AND BOYS. Any Volume in the List may be had Separately. MISS ALCOTT'S LITTLE WOMEN SERIES. 8 vols., $1.50 | FLORA L. SHAW'S STORIES. 4 vols., $1.00 each. “Castle each. “Little Women," "Little Men,”! “ Eight Cousins," Blair,'' “ Hector,” “Phyllis Browne,”? “A Sea Change.'' “ Under the Lilacs," “ An Old-Fashioned Girl," "Jo's EDWARD E. HALE'S STORIES. 5 vols., $1.00 each. Boys," " Rose in Bloom," " Jack and Jill.” “Stories of War,"! "Stories of the Sea,"! "Stories of Ad- MISS ALCOTT'S AUNT JO'S SCRAP BAG. 6 vols., $1.00 venture," "Stories of Discovery,” “Stories of Invention." each. “My Boys," "Shawl Straps," " Cupid and Chow | LAURA E. RICHARDS' TOTO STORIES. 2 vols., $1.25 Chow," "My Girls," " Jimmy's Cruise in the Pinafore,” each. “The Joyous Story of Toto,” “Toto's Merry * An Old-Fashioned Thanksgiving.” Winter." MISS ALCOTT'S SPINNING WHEEL STORIES. 4 vols., JEAN INGELOW'S STORIES, 5 vols., $1.25 each. “Stud- $1.25 each. “Spinning Wheel Stories,'' “ Proverb Stories,': ies for Stories,” “A Sister's Bye-hours," “ Mopsa, the ** Silver Pitchers," " A Garland for Girls." Fairy," "Stories Told to a Child," First Series ; “ Stories Told to a Child," Second Series. MISS ALCOTT'S LULU'S LIBRARY. 3 vols., $1.00 each. MRS. EWING'S STORIES. 9 vols., 50 cents each. “Six Volume III. contains “Recollections of My Childhood," written shortly before her death. to Sixteen," “A Great Emergency," etc. ; “Jan of the Wind-Mill," “ We and the World," “ Jackanapes," and MRS. MOULTON'S BED-TIME STORIES. 4 vols., $1.25 other stories, with a life of Mrs. Ewing; "Mrs. Overthe- each. “Bed-time Stories,'' "More Bed-time Stories," wav's Remembrances,” etc.; " Melchior's Dream," etc. ; “ New Bed-time Stories," "Firelight Stories." “Lob Lie-by-the-Fire," etc.; “A Flat-Iron for a Farthing.” Send for our Descriptive Catalogue (free). Our Books are sold by all Booksellers. Mailed, post-paid, by the publishers, on receipt of price, ROBERTS BROTHERS, Publishers, Boston, Mass. 296 [Dec., THE DIAL Thomas Nelson and Sons' New Gift Books. THE POPULAR HAND ATLAS OF THE WORLD. By John BARTHOLOMEW, F.R.G.S. With Descriptive Index of Thirty-five Thousand Places. This Atlas con- tains sixty full-page beautifully colored Maps, with all recent Discoveries and Political Changes in the Conti- nent of Africa and other parts of the world, and will be found invaluable for reference and general use. Large imperial 4to, cloth extra, $6.00. “This atlas is learned, accurate, and beautifully clear in drawing. In atlases published in America there has been a tend- ency to crowd out full representations of Europe and Asia. In the present work our own country receives adequate portrayal, while the rest of the world is set before us with equal fullness, detail, and beauty of map-making. The descriptive index is a novelty which will be welcomed by all lovers of geographical information, good taste and enterprise."— The Churchman. "An admirable atlas.... All (maps) are exquisite examples of the highest style of engraving and most tasteful col- oring. ... The hand of the true geographer is seen in the fact that they are all revised down to the latest possible date. ... Another feature is the liberal space given to this country. Besides the general map of the United States there are six others, presenting the States in groups on a much larger scale, and there are also well-executed plans of the chief cities and their environs. Additional tables of population, commerce, and other statistics complete a particularly satisfactory volume.”' - N. Y. Tribune. - THE GLOBE HAND ATLAS. By J. G. BARTHOLOMEW, F.R.G.S. A Series of Fifty-four Maps, illustrating Political, Physical, Commercial, Astronomical, and Classical Geography, along with Sixty Sectional Maps of Important Cities and Districts, and a General Index giving the Situation, Latitude, and Longitude of over Five thousand Places throughout the World. 8vo, cloth extra, $1.00. This Atlas has been carefully prepared, and contains all Recent Discoveries and Changes, and its Physical and Classical Maps and other Educational features make it valuable for Schools and Colleges. “Comprehensive and accurately adjusted to represent the latest discoveries.... We have not met with a more com- plete book of the kind in such a cheap form, and we cordially recommend it." - The Churchian. “An excellent book of reference for the general student, representing as it does the latest discoveries in the different de- partments of geography. It is in a most convenient form for the study table."- Public Opinion. THE GRAPHIC HISTORY OF THE BRITISH | FRITZ OF PRUSSIA, GERMANY'S SECOND EMPIRE. From Celtic Times to Present Day. Illustrated L EMPEROR. By LUCY TAYLOR, author of " The Child- with maps, plans, and tables. 8vo, cloth extra, $2.00 ; Rox ren's Champion, and the Victories He Won," “Going on burgh, $3.00. Pilgrimage,'' etc. 8vo, cloth extra, $1.75. * The style is clear, concise, and correct.”—The Churchman. “ Thousands in this country will read this volume with great interest." - School Journal. WANDERINGS IN SOUTH AMERICA, ETC. By CHARLES WATERTON, Esq. With 16 illustrations. 8vo, LOYAL HEARTS. A Story of the Days of “Good cloth extra, $2.00; Roxburgh, $3.00. Queen Bess." By Evelyn EVERETT-GREEN, author of “The first thing which strikes us in this extraordinary "-Winning the Victory," "Heiress of Wylmington,"? "Bird- chronicle is the genuine zeal and inexhaustible delight with ie's Resolve,'' etc. 8vo, cloth extra, $1.75. which all the barbarous countries he visits are described. He A story of the time of Queen Elizabeth, affording interest- seems to love the forests, the tigers and the apes - to be re ing glimpses of court life and of the character and strange joiced that he is the only man there!"- Sydney Smith. policy of that remarkable woman. Its interest is enhanced by the stirring pictures that are given of the war in the low coun- PICTURES AND STORIES FROM ENGLISH tries, and of the defeat and destruction of the Spanish Armada. HISTORY. With numerous illustrations. Small 4to, cloth extra, $1.50. HOSPICE OF THE PILGRIM. The Great Rest- The stories are told in a lively and attractive style, and can Word of Christ. By J. R. MacDuff, D.D., author of not fail to create in the young a liking for the study of history. “Morning and Night Watches,” “St. Paul in Athens," "Gloria Patria," etc. With carmine borders, 12mo, cloth, $1. ROYAL PORTRAIT GALLERY. With numerous illustrations. Small 4to, cloth extra, $1.50. THE STORIES OF THE TREES. Talks with the In this volume England's kings and queens are described Children. By Mrs. W. H. Dyson, author of “Children's with pen and pencil in a way that is sure to delight and in Flowers," " Apples and Oranges," etc. With illustrations, struct young readers. 12mo, cloth extra, $1.25. MY COUNSELLOR Holy Scripture arranged as Morning and Evening Meditation throughout the Year. In twelve divisions, with “ Key Word” for each month. Beautifully printed in red and black with carmine borders on the famous “ Oxford India Paper.” Extra superfine cloth, red under gold edges, $1.50; Venetian morocco, padded, round corners, red under gold edges, $2.25. By the use of this paper the dimensions have been reduced very much below those of any book containing the same amount of letterpress matter. "I have put My Counsellor' into my breast pocket for personal use, for I can see that it is meat and inedicine for the soul.” – Rev. C. H. Spurgeon. “Very dainty, in India paper, fine printing, red lining, edge gilding and pretty binding, is 'My Counsellor.' ... How to realize that 740 pages make a thickness of but four-sevenths of an inch. The compiler has done his work well."-- Sunday School Times. THE ABOVE ARE FOR SALE BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. THOMAS NELSON & SONS, Publishers and Importers, 33 East Seventeenth Street, Union Square, NEW YORK. 301 1891.] THE DIAL 297 ----- - ---_- -_- Genuine “OXFORD” Teacher's Bible. A Whole Library of Scriptural Knowledge in a Small Compass. THE STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE IN PRINTING, PAPER, AND BINDING. THE MOST COMPLETE HELPS. THE 8. S. TEACHER'S EDITION CAUTION! THE ATTEMPTS ARE BEING MADE TO SELL INFERIOR HOLY BIBLE. CONTAINING THE BOOKS, REPRINTS, AND SO-CALLED FAC-SIMILE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS : EDITIONS, ON THE REPUTATION OF TRANSLATED OUT OF THE ORIGINAL TONGUES AND WITH THE FORMER TRANSLATIONS DILIGENTLY COMPARED AND REVISED. BY HIS MAJESTYS SPECIAL COMMAND. THE GENUINE “ OXFORD” BIBLE. APPOINTED TO BE READ IN CHURCHES. Make Sure of Two Things Before Purchasing: FIRST That it has the Title-Page as shown opposite. SECOND. That it has Two Columns of References on each page. OTHERWISE — It is not the complete Genuine “ OXFORD” Teacher's Reference Bible. OXFORD PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. LONDON HENRY FROWDE, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE. AMEN CORNER. New YORK, 33, EAST 17TH STREET, [Oromo FACE Seers, No. Cuw Preva. CG AMERICA AND GREAT BRITAIN'S EMINENT SCHOLARS AND DIVINES OF ALL DENOMI- NATIONS PRONOUNCE THE GENUINE “OXFORD” BIBLE The Best and Most Complete Bible Published. The Right Hon. WILLIAM E. GLADSTONE says: “ These admirable Bibles must tend to extend the fame even of the Oxford Press." Rev. C. H. SPURGEON: “ The very best. I have carefully examined the volume, and can unreservedly recommend it." Rev. T. DEWITT TALMAGE, D.D., October, 1890: “ During my recent journeying in Palestine, I found the • Oxford’ Teacher's Bible helpful, accurate, and indispensable." Rev. J. M. BUCKLEY, D.D., Editor Christian Advocate, October, 1890: “ This is the most complete work for its purpose within our knowledge. It is our constant companion when absent from home - a library in itself.” Rev. Dr. WILLIAM P. STOWE, Chicago, October, 1890: “I am frank to say that for clearness of type, for valuable helps, and elegant and substantial bindings, the • Oxford 'Teacher's Bible has no superior in the market." OVER ONE HUNDRED STYLES, at prices from $1.25 to $20.00. ELEVEN EDITIONS : Six on best Printing Paper, Five on the famous “ Oxford" India Paper. The “Oxford ” India Paper Editions Are the marvels of the age in Bible publishing. The wonderful lightness of these books, the marvellously Clear Printing, the Strength and Excellence of Binding, combine to place them far in advance of any book hitherto issued. Compare the “OXFORD” INDIA PAPER EDITIONS with any so-called India paper. ASK FOR THE GENUINE “OXFORD” EDITION- FOR SALE BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. THOMAS NELSON & SONS, "Oxford” Bible Warehouse, No. 33 East Seventeenth Street, Union Square, NEW YORK. 298 [Dec., THE DIAL 302 BOOKS FOR THE HOLIDAYS. The following is a list of entirely new books and new editions which have been issued by us especially for the Holiday season of 1891-2. All the leading booksellers carry them in stock; if you cannot obtain them from your bookseller, send direct to us, and they will be carefully wrapped with metal protecting corners, and forwarded to any address by express or mail at our expense. The Old Devil, and the Three Little Devils ; Or, Ivan the Fool, and Other Stories. By Count Leo Tolstoi. Translated direct from the Russian by Count NORRAIKOW. With illustrations by the celebrated Russian artist, GRIBRAYEDOFF. 12mo, cloth, $1.00. The Peril of Oliver Sargent. By EDGAR JANES Bliss. 12mo, 217 pages, frontispiece, stamped cloth, $1.00; paper cover, 50 cents. The most remarkable and thrilling story since “ Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde," which it resembles in that it treats of the dual character of man, and the separation and development of these characters, until one of them gains control and leads the victim through awful experiences until he is finally rescued by accepting the teachings of Christ. Tinkletop's Crime, and Other Stories. By GEORGE R. Sims, author of " A Drama of Life," etc. 12mo, 315 pages, frontispiece, stamped cloth, $1.00; paper cover, 50 cents. These stories show this well-known author at his best. They are wonderfully clever. Most of the stories are humorous, though a few are deeply touching and pathetic. New Holiday Set of Mark Twain's Books: * THE PRINCE AND THE PAUPER.” “ ADVENTURES OF HUCKLEBERRY FINN." “A CONNECTICUT YANKEE IN KING ARTHUR'S COURT.” These three volumes contain a total of 1352 pages, with 585 illustrations. Bound uniformly in a handsome shade of light-brown cloth. Sold only in sets. Set complete in a box, $6.00. Inside the White House in War Times. By W. 0. STODDARD, one of Lincoln's Private Secretaries. 12mo, 250 pages, illustrated, fine stamped cloth, $1. Humorous, pathetic, and exciting incidents follow one another through the pages of this book, making it intensely inter- esting from cover to cover, to both young and old. In its pictures of men, women, and events, it justifies its title. Life of Jane Welsh Carlyle. By Mrs. ALEXANDER IRELAND. 8vo, 330 pages, portrait, vellum cloth (half bound), gilt top, $1.75. The publication of the book is a literary event. It is a remarkable biography of a wonderful woman, written and compiled by one in thorough sympathy with her subject, from materials never before made public. The powerful side-light it throws upon the life and character of Thomas Carlyle will make this volume indispensable to all who venerate the genius or are inter- ested in the personality of the Sage of Chelsea. The Happy Isles, Sherman's March to the Sea, The Marriage of the Flowers, And Other Poems. By S. H. M. BYERS. Small 12mo, cloth binding, $1.00. NEW CHEAP EDITION OF The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. By Mark Twain. Cloth, $1.00. In putting the price of the new edition of “Huckleberry Finn” at $1.00, we believe we have reached a figure at which all can enjoy it. The book is the complete unabridged work of 318 pages, brightened with 44 illustrations by E. W. KEMBLE, bound in light cloth, with black, brown, and gold stampings. Adventures of A Fair Rebel. By Matt. Crim, author of " 'Zekill,” “ An Unfortunit Creetur,” “Sphiry Ann," etc. In cloth (blue and gray), $1.00; in paper covers, 50 cents. This book constitutes the second number of “The Webster Library," a new series of cheap books by American authors. It will be eagerly read by Mrs. Crim's many admirers. Send for Illustrated Catalogue of Books suitable for Holiday Presents. CHARLES L. WEBSTER & CO., Publishers, 67 Fifth Ave., New York City. 903 1891.] THE DIAL 299 ------- - ---- - PORTER & COATES'S NEW BOOKS. = = = The Handsomest Gift-Books of the Year. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. By THOMAS CARLYLE. From entirely new electrotype plates. Beautifully illustrated with 60 photo- gravures of important personages and scenes of the period, etc., with a portrait of Thomas Carlyle. In three volumes, small 8vo, cloth, gilt top, $8.00. Also in half calf, gilt top, $15.00. LARGE PAPER EDITION (Edition de Luxe) limited to 250 copies, numbered, three volumes, $15.00. This edition is printed on special paper, and the illustrations are on India paper mounted. MARCY THE BLOCKADE-RUNNER. By Harry CASTLEMON. Illustrated, 12mo, cloth, blue, white, and gold, $1.25. THROUGH FOREST AND FIRE. By EDWARD S. ELLIS. Illustrated, 12mo, cloth, black, red, and gold, $1.25. THE SQUIRE'S DAUGHTER. By Lucy C. LILLIE. Illustrated, 12mo, cloth, black, red, and gold, $1.50. FOR HONOR'S SAKE. A Sequel to "The Squire's Daughter." By Lucy C. LILLIE. Illustrated, 12mo, cloth, black, red, and gold, $1.50. ELIZABETH. From the German of Marie Nathusius. By Mrs. M. A. SARYOCK. Plain cloth, 12mo, $1.50. HELEN GLENN; or, My Mother's Enemy. By Lucy C. LILLIE. (New edition.) Illustrated, 12mo, cloth, black, red, and gold, $1.50. THREE RECENT PUBLICATIONS. WITS AND BEAUX OF SOCIETY. By GRACE and PHILIP WHARTON. New Library Edition. Illustrated with 20 photogravures. Two volumes, crown 8vo, cloth extra, $5.00. Half calf, gilt top, $8.00. QUEENS OF SOCIETY. By GRACE and Philip WHARTON. New Library Edition. Illustrated with 18 photogravures. Two volumes, crown 8vo, cloth extra, $5.00. Half calf, gilt top, $8.00. ROMOLA.—(FLORENTINE EDITION.) By GEORGE ELIOT. Illustrated with 60 photogravures. Two volumes, crown 8vo, cloth extra, $6.00. Half crushed levant, gilt top, $12.00. PORTER & COATES, Publishers, Philadelphia. -300 (Dec., THE DIAL 904 E. P. DUTTON & CO.'S NEW BOOKS. THROUGH WOODLAND AND MEADOW, ! . ORANGE BLOSSOMS And Other Poems. With Sketches from Nature. By A Wedding Souvenir. Monotint and combination illus- MARIE Low and MAUD WEST. 12 full-page colored trations. 1 vol., 4to, 20 pages, illustrated cover, in illustrations and 48 monotint and type pages. Large box, $1.75. 4to, cloth, gilt, $5.00. A new and attractive bind- THE VOICE OF THE CHRIST CHILD. ing in white and gold back, with cretonne sides, $6.50. 1 A Christmas Poem. By Rev. PHILLIPS Brooks. Illus- ONE TOUCH OF NATURE, trated with 4 color and 8 type and monotint pages. And Other Poems. With monochrome illustrations. A 4to, cover padded and decorated, in box, $1.00. treasury of picture and song. Large 4to, 48 pages, cloth, gilt, $3.00; large 4to, 48 pages, half white IN THE MASTER'S GARDEN. and gold, $4.00. Daily Texts and Hymns for a Month. Illustrated by Fred. Hines and others. 32 pages, 4to, illuminated THE DAY IS DONE. board covers, $1.50. By HENRY W. LONGFELLOW. This favorite poem is illustrated with 6 beautiful color pages and 30 pages ONWARD, CHRISTIAN SOLDIERS. of monotint and type. Oblong 4to, cloth, gilt, $2.50; By the Rev. S. BARING-Gould. Illustrated by Charles half white and gold, $3.50. Copeland. 4to, 32 pages, half white and gold, $1.50. A PSALM OF LIFE. THE PATCHWORK QUILT. By HENRY W. LONGFELLOW. Illustrated by H. Win- | By GRAHAM R. Tomson. Illustrated with 6 color and throp Peirce. 4to, 20 pages, half white and gold, $1.50.1 10 type decorated pages. 4to, illuminated cover, $1. CHOICE BOOKS FOR CHILDREN. A ROUND ROBIN. By Miss H. M. BENNETT. With | PRINCESS GIRLIKIN; or, The Fairy THIMBLE. 16 full-page colored illustrations, and 32 pages of By IDA PRESTON NICHOLS. And OTHER FAIRY monotints and text. 4to, colored board cover, cloth Tales, by MARY DE MORGAN. 4to, beautifully illus- back, $2.00. trated, cloth, gilt, $2.00. ** But perhaps the most satisfactory of all the fiction of the HOLLY BOUGH SERIES. Six books in box. Each week, of the unrealistic kind, is a charming book of fairy book bound in colored board cover, cloth back, and stories, Princess Girlikin.' .. They are most graceful, containing 4 full-page color pictures and 8 pages of simple, and ought to bring happy thoughts and bright dreams illustrated type matter. Set, $1.50. to many innocent curly heads."-N. Y. Sun. DUTTON'S ANNUAL FOR 1891. Colored board FOUR FEET BY TWO. Colored board cover, cloth cover, cloth back, 6 color plates and 128 illustrated back, 8 colored plates and 72 illustrated type pages, type pages, $1.25; in cloth, $2.00. $1.50. MY LITTLE MARGARET. A new story by MARY BLIND MAN'S BUFF. Colored board cover, cloth D. BRINE. Companion to “ Bonnie Little Bonnibel." back, with 8 color pages and 24 pages of monotints Fully illustrated by Miss A. G. Plympton. 12mo, and type matter, $1.50. half white, $1.00. A LONG TIME AGO. Colored board cover, cloth THE LITTLE NEW NEIGHBOR. By Mary D. back, with 8 color pages and 24 pages of monotints BRINE. Illustrated by Miss A. G. Plympton. 12mo, and type matter, $1.00. half white, $1.00. SOME NOVEL TOY BOOKS. BUTTERCUP FARMYARD. Shaped toy book, colored | OLD WOMAN WHO LIVED IN A SHOE. Shaped colored cover, 12 color pages, and two type pages, 50 cents. cover, 8 color pages, 6 letter-press pages, 25 cents. THE SIGHTS OF LONDON. Shaped toy book with colored A B C BOOK. Shaped colored cover, 8 color pages and o cover, 8 color pages and 10 pages of illustrated type matter, letter-press pages, 25 cents. 50 cents. THE EASEL PAINTING BOOK. Shaped colored cover, THE MAGIC TOY BOOK. Contains colored cover, 8 color 4 pages of colored copies and 16 pages of outlines for color- pages, 8 monotint pages and 4 type pages, 50 cents. ing, 25 cents. PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. Colored cover, 8 illustrated type SING A SONG OF SIXPENCE. Shaped colored cover, 8 pages, 50 cents. color pages, 6 letter-press pages, 25 cents. MOTHER GOOSE. Shaped colored cover, 8 color pages, 6 | RING A RING O' ROSES. Shaped colored cover, 8 color letterpress pages, 25 cents. pages, 6 letter-press pages, 25 cents. *.* Our new Holiday Catalogue will be mailed free on application. Any of above sent by mail, postage paid, on receipt of price. E. P. DUTTON & CO., Publishers, Booksellers, and Stationers, No. 31 West TWENTY-THIRD STREET, NEW YORK. 30s 301 1891.] THE DIAL D. Lothrop Co.'s Beautiful New Holiday Books. ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENTS. Edited, with | SHORT CUTS AND BY-PATHS. By HORACE LUNT, au- Introduction by W. E. GRIFFIS, D.D. Library edition. thor of “ Across Lots." 12mo, $1.25. 4 vols., 40 full-page illustrations, $6.00. A delightful out-door book, full of quaint and delicate fan- A new edition of these ever-popular · Stories of Romance,"? cies concerning the myriad wonders of animal and vegetable containing at least four times the reading found in the ordin life, as seen in rural highways and by-ways. ary one volume edition, thoroughly edited, charmingly illus- trated, and finely printed. BIRD-DOM. By LEANDER S. KEYSER. 12mo, $1.00. "To be ignorant of the · Arabian Nights’ is to have lost Such chapter-headings as "Tangles of Bird-Song," "A Tiny Tilter," " Brilliants in Plumes, *A Jolly Red-Head," some of the most delightful entertainment which literature affords."'- Boston Herald. "The Woods in Ermine," " Good-bye to the Birds," will give an idea of the character of these fascinating studies of bird-life. LEAVES FROM AN ARTIST'S FIELD BOOK. By THE NEW WOMANHOOD. By Rev. J. C. FERNALD. WEDWORTH WADSWORTH. Beautifully engraved by An- Introduction by MARION HARLAND. 12mo, $1.25. drew. Oblong quarto, cloth, gilt, $4.00; full morocco, $8. A free, liberal, and earnest discussion of the vital problems “Nothing could be more beautiful or appropriate for a gift of the hour, such as home development, self-support, business book than this volume, which contains some of the most ex- women, hygiene, marriage, and divorce, property, training of quisite poetry of nature ever written, illustrated by pictures, children, etc. each one of which is a gem in design and execution."-Sta- tioner and Printer, THE STORY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Told for young people. By ELBRIDGE S. BROOKS. Illus- THE POET'S YEAR. Edited by Oscar Fay Adays. trated, 4to cloth, $1.50; boards, $1.25. Oblong 4to, 150 illustrations, 25 full-page drawings by Cha A clear, concise, and comprehensive account of the develop- loner. Gold cloth, $6.00; morocco, $10.00. ment and growth of the great American Republic. It would be impossible to give a satisfactory account of the * There is no writer in America who succeeds as well as ' infinite riches' of this choice volume - the pleasing variety Mr. E. S. Brooks in interesting children in history."- Albany is equal to the richness."'- Literary World. Argus. OUR EARLY PRESIDENTS, THEIR WIVES AND A LITTLE MILLIONAIRE. By MARTHA L. MOODEY. CHILDREN. From Washington to Jackson. By Mrs. Delightfully illustrated by Louis Meynelle. Similar in style to "A Queer Little Princess,"? - Little He and She," “Dol- HARRIET TAYLOR UPTON. Quarto, gold cloth, beautifully likins and the Miser," and "Three Little Maids." 4to, illustrated, $4.00. cloth, $1.50. The home life of the nation's rulers, with historical portraits, A charming story of child-life in New York city, in which autograph letters, and other curios full of value and interest. the contrasts between plenty and poverty are sketched with realistic power. The naive, high-spirited little hero will win WITH THE BIRDS. Selected poems from the best English all hearts. The story is destined to be immensely popular, and American authors, with 50 full-page illustrations by Giacomelli, etc. 8vo, cloth, $1.50. YOUNG FOLKS' GOLDEN TREASURY OF LITERATURE, * No more pleasing or characteristic book has appeared SCIENCE, AND BIOGRAPHY. Uniform with Young Folks' among the holiday publications; it is so unique as to occupy Golden Treasury of History, of Poetry, and of Travel. 4 vols. a place by itself without competitor or rival."--Christian Fully illustrated. Cloth, plain, $2.25 ; gilt edges, $2.75. Advocate. (ontains short sketches and poems by the best writers, in- cluding Aunanda B. Harris, Benjamin Vaughan Abbott, Har- THE CHRISTMAS BOOK. By HEZEKIAH BUTTERWORTH. į riet Prescott Spofford, Lucy Larcom, Nora Perry, etc. ; beau- 8vo, cloth, exquisitely illustrated, $2.00. tifully illustrated by Taylor, Garrett, Barnes, Lungren, and There is the true ring in this delightful collection by the other famous artists. popular editor of the Youth's Companion. The stories are WORDSWORTH FOR THE YOUNG. Compiled by Mrs. full of fire. of pathos and humor, the poems are spirited and musical, and the whole book is eloquent of Christmas cheer. CYNTHIA N. Sr. Jons. In 3 parts. With Introduction. Ato, illustrated, $1.25. GAIN BY LOSS. Cheer for Invalids. By Rose PORTER. " A book of selections such as this, made with reference to 16mo, white and gold, 75 cents. the capacity of the young, must be of inestimable worth." HIRAM Corsox. Prof. English Literature, Cornell University. Tender, comforting, helpful words for the “shut-ins," that will give them courage in sickness and despondency. A sweet i CHILD CLASSICS. Compiled by Mary R. FITCH. 8vo, and beautiful gift-book. gilt, finely illustrated, $1.54). This unique and beautiful book for children has been care- THE STORY OF MASSACHUSETTS. Seventh vol. in the fully compiled from the best authors, and illustrated with “Story of the States"' Series. By EDWARD EVERETT HALE. I exquisite reproductions of some of the masterpieces of child- 8vo, fully illustrated, $1.50. life paintings. Of all histories of the Old Bay State, this is the most unique and attractive. Dr. Hale has invested the salient points with FIVE LITTLE PEPPERS MIDWAY. By MARGARET all the vigor, freshness, and originality that make his writings SIDNEY. Illustrated by W. L. Taylor. 12mo, $1.50. so delightful, and his book, while accurate and concise, has a i A sequel to that famous child-classic, “ Five Little Peppers picturesque and piquant charm. and How They Grew," and just as bright and delightful. THE STORY OF NEW MEXICO. Eighth vol. in the THE LOTIROP MAGAZINES * Story of the States? Series. By HORATIO (). LADD, A.M. For 1892 will be enlarged and improved, but the price will 8vo, fully illustrated, $1.50. remain unchanged. New Mexico has a romantic fascination quite unlike the | WIDE AWAKE, $2.40 a year. The Pansy, $1.00. older and soberer States, and its story, as told by Dr. Ladd, is full of novelty and brightness. Orr LITTLE MEN AND WOMEN, $1.00. New York, Ohio. Vermont. Louisiana, Wisconsin. Ken BABYLAND, 50 cents. THE STORY TELLER, $1.50. tucky, also ready. Samples of all five, 25 cents; of first four 15 cents. The above are for sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent postpaid, on receipt of price, by the Publishers, D. LOTHROP COMPANY, Boston, Mass. SEND FOR Full CATALOGUE AND ILLUSTRATED HOLIDAY List. 302 [Dec., THE DIAL 3 ا == = = = = SOME CHOICE GIFT-BOOKS. A Son of Old Harri. HERBERT WARD'S GREAT BOOK. Five Years with the Congo Cannibals. THE ALHAMBRA. By HERBERT WARD. Magnificently illustrated with many full-page engravings, and scores of smaller en- By WASHINGTON IRVING. Darro Edition. A Residence in gravings after original drawings made on the spot loy the Celebrated Moorish Palace, the “ Alhambra," with its the author. Small quarto, elegantly bound. Price, $3. Historical and Romantic Legends. The work comprises two volumes, octavo, cloth extra, gilt top, and with slip JUDGE TOU'RGEES NEW NOVEL. covers, binding decorated with handsome Moorish designs. The edition is printed entirely from new plates ; illustrated with thirty-one photogravures from photographs, many of LA Novel. Bv ALBION W. TOURGEE, author of " A which were taken specially for this edition. Each page is Fool's Errand," “ Bricks Without Straw," “ Figs and surrounded by a Moorish border in red and gold, the de- signs, sixteen in number, being carefully copied from the Thistles,” “Hot Plowshares,” etc. Illustrated by decorations of the Palace. 2 vols.. $6.00. Warren B. Davis. 12mo. Price, $1.50. Nothing more original and more true to life and nature has ever appeared in America than this story of the Kentucky LITERARY GEMS. blue grass region and its horses and horse-loving people. No reade his novels needs to be told that Judge Tourgée loves A series of productions, complete in small compass, which a horse. His horses are something more than mere incidents have been accepted as classics of their kind, and which are or furniture; they are actual characters, and so linked with entitled to the most attractive form that can be given to the personality and fortunes of his people that they are essen- them. Each “Gem” is presented in a separate volume. tial to the action and development of the novel. In "A Son of Old Harry," he has given a free rein to his pen in dealing tastefully printed in 32mo, and attractively bound in full with a subject so near his heart. It contains the best that he morocco, gilt top, with a frontispiece in photogravure. Price has to give on the subject. The sweet and pure love history, per volume, in box. 75 cents. Each series of six volumes, which forms the ground-work, and the thrilling incidents of the war in Kentucky, which form an important part, give the in attractive box, $1.50. novel immense interest. The Third Series, which has just been issued, comprises the following: Gloria. No. 1. LYRICs. By Browning. By Mrs. E. D. E. N. SOUTHWORTH, author of “The No. 2. LEGEND OF SLEEPY HOLLOW. By Irving. Hidden Hand,” - The Unloved Wife,” “Lilith,” No. 3. PRE-RAPHAELITISM. By Ruskin. “ Unknown," “ A Leap in the Dark," " Nearest and No. 4. RIME OF THE ANCIENT MARINER. By Coleridge. Dearest,” “ For Woman's Love," "The Lost Lady No. 5. SPEECHES ON AMERICA. By Bright. of Lone," " David Lindsay," etc. Beautifully illus- No.6. EDUCATION OF CHILDREN. By Montaigne. trated by F. A. Carter. 12vio, 318 pages. Hand- New impressions of the previous series have also been issued : somely bound in cloth. Price, $1.00; paper cover, 50e. First Series. The heroine of this novel is one of the most interesting of No. 1. THE GOLD Brg. By Poe. Mrs. Southworth's charming girls. She is almost as good as No. 2. RAB AND His FRIENDS and MARJORIE FLEMING. By Capitola, the delightful madcap of “ The Hidden Hand." Her perfect naturalness and gayety are so winning that no one John Brown, M.D. can read her history without loving her. The story is full of No.3. THE GOOD-NATURED Max. By Goldsmith. the charm of unsophisticated girlhood and womanhood. We No. 4. THE CULPRIT FAY. By Drake. are not claiming too much when we say that Mrs. Southworth No. 5. OUR BEST SOCIETY. By Curtis. is one of the most engaging writers of fiction that this country has produced. Her novels have a larger circulation among No.6. SWEETNESS AND Light. By Arnold. the people than those of any other American writer. She has Second Series. the gift of making her stories interesting, and filling them No. 1. THE NIBELUNGEN LIED. By Carlyle. with pleasant incidents and characters, so that when the reader has finished one he wants to take up another. No. 2. THE KING OF THE GOLDEN RIVER. By Ruskin. No. 3. THE SCIENCE OF HISTORY. By Froude. No. 4. SONNETS FROM THE PORTUGUESE. By Mrs. Browning. Little Heatber-Blossom. No. 5. THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL. By Sheridan. (ERICA.) No. 6. NothinG TO WEAR. By Butler. Translated from the German of Frau von INGERS- LEBEX, by MARY J. SAFFORD. With choice illustra- KNICKERBOCKER NUGGETS. tions by Warren B. Davis. 12mo, 470 pages. Hand- somely bound in cloth. Price, $1.00; paper cover, 50c. A selection of some of the world's Classics, uniquely and taste- This novel is one of the most interesting that has been pub- fully printed by the Knickerbocker Press, and offered as lished in this country, taken from the German. It has more specimens as well of artistic typography as of the best lit variety of character and scenery than is usual in German erature. 32mo, gilt top, $1.00, $1.25, and $1.50. novels. All admirers of Marlitt will find it a novel to their taste. Miss Safford, the translator, who was the first to dis- In this series have thus far been issued thirty-four volumes. cover the merit of Werner and Heimburg, is very partial to Groups of these have been put up in sets of four or six vol it. Among its salient points are a wreck, a runaway, life in umes in attractive boxes, ranging in prices from $4.00 to $8.50 a castle on the Rhine, with its terraces sloping to the river, per set. balls, entertainments and exquisite character sketches. The Also bound up in padded and full calf, each in a neat box, heroine is one of the loveliest creations of fiction. selling at $1.75, $2.00, and $2.2.7. **Notes on New Books No. 3 and Prospectus of the Knick: May be obtained from any bookseller, or will be sent free by mail on receipt of price, by the Publishers, erbocker Nuggets Series sent on application. ROBERT BONNER'S SONS, G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS, New York and London. ! Cor. William and Spruce Sts., New YORK. 1891.] THE DIAL = STANDARD HOLIDAY BOOKS Recently published by NIMS & KNIGHT, Troy, N. Y. CHILDE HAROLD. By Lord BYRON. Newstead Edition. THE CHRISTMAS CAROL. By CHARLES DICKENS. A superb edition of this unrivalled poem. Profusely Illustrated by the celebrated artists, I. M. GAUGENGIGL illustrated with wood-cuts prepared under the supervision of and T. V. CHOMINSKI. This most popular of all of Dickens's A. V. S. ANTHONY, and thirty photogravures illustrating the Christmas stories, with the superb illustrations and the unique scenery, art, and architecture mentioned in the poem. binding, makes the finest and most appropriate present ob- 1 vol., imperial 8vo, white or grey vellum cloth, gold and tainable. 1 vol., quarto, cloth, gilt top, size 94x114, $6.00. silver decoration, gilt top, cloth jacket, cloth box, $4.50. 1 vol., imperial 8vo, half levant, extra, gilt top, $8.00. RIP VAN WINKLE. By WASHINGTON IRVING. Illus- 1 vol., imperial 8vo, polished calf, gilt top, $10.00. trated by FRANK T. MERRILL. This most popular story by Irving has been superbly illustrated by Mr. Merrill. The CHAKESPEARE'S ENGLAND, and GRAY DAYS AND forty or fifty photogravures and other illus ns printed in appro- J GOLD. Two dainty little volumes of travel in England priate tints. I vol., quarto, cloth, gilt edges, size 942 x 12. $6.00. and Scotland. By WILLIAM WINTER. Each volume illus- UEENS OF SONG. Ten Portrait Etchings, printed on trated with twelve photogravures illustrating the architecture and scenery of the countries. Bound in white cloth and China ¥ Japan paper, of Patti, Nillson, Gerster, Materna, Leh- silk, gilt top. The two vols., in a cloth box, per set, $3.00. man, Kalish, Juch, Fursch, Madi, Van Zandt, Nevada, and The same in half blue or red levant, gilt top, per set, $3.00. Albani, by F. L. KIRKPATRICK and C. A. WORRALL. Biog- raphies by ROBERT N. STEPHENS. 1 vol., quarto, bound in WOFFINGTON. A Tribute to the Actress and the Woman. fancy boards, with photogravure design on cover, size 11 x 14, W By AUGUSTIN Daly. This memoir of the celebrated $4.00. 1 vol., quarto, same size, bound in parchment paper actress, Peg Woffington, was issued two years ago in a lim and enclosed in dainty cloth case tied with silk ribbons, and ited edition of 150 copies for private distribution by the au medallion portrait on cover, $6.00. thor. A new edition, limited to 500 copies, is now offered to UEENS OF THE DRAMA. Ten Portrait Etchings on bookbuyers and the trade. It will be a handsome volume in every particular, carefully printed on the best paper, with Japan paper of Mary Anderson, Ellen Terry, Jane Had- many portraits and other illustrations in photogravure. 1 vol., ing, Adelaide Neilson, Bernhardt, Mrs. Langtry, Ada Rehan, quarto, bound in handsome cloth, gilt top, uncut edges, $5.00. Modjeska, Fanny Davenport, and Julia Marlow, by F. L. KIRKPATRICK and C. A. WORRALL. Biographies by ROBERT CRANFORD. By Mrs. GASKELL. With Introduction by N. STEPHENS. Etchings printed on Japan paper. 1 vol., Rev. BROOKE HERFORD. A new edition of this charm- quarto, bound in fancy boards, with photogravure design on ing classic, with over one hundred illustrations, including a cover, size 11 x 14, $4.00. 1 vol., quarto, same size, bound in color frontispiece from an original drawing by FRANK T. parchment paper and enclosed in dainty cloth case tied with silk ribbons, and medallion portrait on cover, $6.00). MERRILL, made especially for the book, Printed with great care on fine paper, and bound in dainty and original style. CELEBRATED ARTISTS: Sketches of their Lives and 1 vol., small quarto, $2.00. Works. With translations on copper of fifteen Notable ADOG OF FLANDERS. A Christmas Story. By LOUISA Paintings by Flameng, Monzies, Unger, and others. Descript- DE LA RAME (Ouida). A new edition of a beautiful ive text and biographies by A. CHEVILLARD LENOIR. Fifteen Christmas story, already prized as a classic by those who know etchings from paintings by Detaille, Schonleber, Munkacsy, it. With over forty original illustrations. Printed with great Jules Breton, Nordgren, and others. Head and tail pieces and care on fine paper, and bound in dainty and original style. initial letters in red and black. Limited edition. 1 vol., folio, 1 vol., small quarto, $1.50. cloth, gilt edges, plates mounted on guards, size 12 x 17, $7.50. THERE'S NO PLACE LIKE HOME. Selected and ar- AN AUTUMN PASTORAL: The Death of the Flowers. Tranged by LULA MAE WALKER, compiler of “Dreams of A By WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT. A series of seventeen the Sea" and " The Voice of the Sea." A beautiful holiday Photogravure Illustrations, after the original drawings by C. souvenir, comprising twenty-two pages in color and monotint. E. PHILLIPS. A companion volume to “The Song of the The color pages represent typical American, English, Scotch, Brook." 1 vol., quarto, cloth, gilt edges, plates on guards, German, French, and Italian home scenes. The intermediate $4.00. 1 vol., quarto, full flexible seal. gilt edges, plates on monotint pages are devoted to appropriate selections in verse guards, $7.50. and prose, with pretty landscape figures and flower sketches. THE SONG OF THE BROOK. By ALFRED TENNYSON. 1 vol., oblong quarto (1542 x 8 inches), boxed, $2.50. I A series of fifteen original and beautiful Photogravure Illustrations, after original drawings by WILLIAM J. MOZART. CRAY'S ELEGY AND ITS AUTHOR. The text of The text of the poem is interwoven with illustrations, and all U Gray's “Elegy in a Country Churchyard," and an intro is printed with the greatest care on paper of the finest qual- ductory essay by Dr. J. L. WILLIAMS, illustrated by twenty ity. 1 vol., quarto, torchon binding, title in embossed gilt five photogravures and half-tone illustrations. This immortal and bronze, $3.00. 1 vol., quarto, cloth, gilt edges, plates on poem is now for the first time presented with illustrations in guards, $4.00. 1 vol., quarto, full flexible seal, gilt edges, photogravure and half-tone, which are exact representations plates on guards, $7.50. of the identical scenes so vividly and truthfully described by the poet. The original photographs from which the repro- OUT OF THE HEART. Poems for Lovers, Young and ductions were made were taken by Dr. J. L. Williams, who u Old. Selected by JOHN WHITE CHADWICK and ANNIE has chosen with true artistic insight the scenes best calculated HATHAWAY CHADWICK. 1 vol., square 16mo, cloth, $1.00. to illustrate the poem as well as the home and haunts of the 1 vol., square 16mo, fancy cloth, decorated side. or white poet. 1 vol., oblong quarto, fancy cloth, gilt edges, $5.00; cloth, gilt edges, $1.25. 1 vol., square 16mo, full calf, or seal, i vol., oblong quarto, full flexible seal, gilt edges, $8,00. and white morocco, flexible, round corners, gilt edges, $2.25. HAWTHORNE'S LEGENDS OF THE PROVINCE POBERT BROWNING. Selections from the Poetry of IT HOUSE. The four tales by HAWTHORNE, the scenes N ROBERT BROWNING. Pocket edition, with eight dainty of which are laid in the famous old Province House, entitled photogravure illustrations. 1 vol., square 16mo, white and “Howe's Masquerade," "Edward Randolph's Portrait." gold ornamental binding, gilt top, $1.25. 1 vol., square 16mo, “Lady Eleanor's Mantle," and "Old Esther Dudley," have full morocco, flexible, round corners, gilt edges, $2.50. been selected by Mr. FRANK T. MERRILL for his most ambi A SENTIMENTAL JOURNEY through France and Italy. tious illustrations. The work is thoroughly illustrated with A By LAURENCE STERNE. Illus. by MAURICE LELOIR, full-page plates and illustrations in the text. 1 vol., quarto, with twelve full-page photogravures and numerous photo en- cloth, gilt edges, size 9 x 12, $6.00. | gravings. 1 vol., 16mo, daintily bound in cloth, giit top. $1.50. For sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent by mail, postpaid, upon receipt of the advertised price, by NIMS & KNIGHT, PublishERS, Troy, N. Y. 304 [Dec., THE DIAL 308 CHOICE GIFTS FOR THE HOLIDAYS. $7.30. STANDARD PUBLICATIONS. A large number of choice sets of standard books, very hand- somely bound, and especially suitable for holiday presents. In the popular VIGNETTE SERIES, 12mo volumes, with 100 original illustrations each,- the following volumes are offered as sets, each in a box, in the new half red and white binding. LUCILE and PRINCESS, 2 vols., ..... $4.00 Faust and LALLA ROOKH, 2 vols., . . . . 4.00 TENNYSON, complete, 2 vols., . . . . . 1.00 ARABIAN NIGHTS, 2 vols., . . . . . . . 4.00 POMPEII, 1 vol., . . . . . . . . . . 2.00 POMPEII and ARABIAN Nights, 3 vols., . . 6.00 WATER BABIES, 1 vol., ......... 2.00 With back and half sides of white vellum cloth, stamped with gold. With ouier half side in red cloth, also stamped with neat design in gold. Each book protected by a heavy wrap- per of red cloth. The following sets are offered in the beautiful " orchid" binding: LUCILE and PRINCESS, 2 vols., ..... $3.00 FAUST and LALLA Rookh, 2 vols., .... 3.00 LUCILE, FAUST, LALLA RookH, TREASURY OF FAVORITE POEMS, 4 vols., ..... 6.00 The following sets are offered in the beautiful new orange and black cloth binding : ARABIAN NIGHTS, 2 vols., . . . . . . . $1.00 LAST DAYS OF POMPEII, 1 vol., .... 2.00 ARABIAN Nights and Last Days of Pom- PEII, together, 3 vols., . . . . . . . 6.00 RELIGIOUS VOLUMES. The following volumes of this series are now offered in the orchid binding, in a set, in a box. IMITATION OF CHRIST, ) RELIGIOUS POEMS, and Price, as a set, boxed, $3.00. THE CHRISTIAN YEAR. ) SIXTEEN MO POETS. Some of the most popular volumes of this series are now offered in sets, bored, in " orchid” binding. POEMS OF THOMAS GRAY, GEORGE ELIOT, and W. M. THACKERAY. 3 vols., $3.00. LONDON LYRICS, LONDON RHYMES, LYRA ELEGANTIARUM, and HEINE'S BOOK OF Songs. 4 vols., $4.00. LUCILE, TENNYSON's LYRICAL POEMS, THE GOLDEN TREA- SURY, and Faust. #vols., $4.00. Point LACE AND DIAMONDS, BETWEEN TIMES, MADRIGALS AND CATCHES, and CAP AND BELLS. 4 vols., $4.00. New - Red and White Bindings." POEMS OF THACKERAY, GEORGE ELIOT, and HEINE's Book OF Songs. 3 vols., $1.50. LUCILE, TENNYSON'S LYRICAL POEMS, THE GOLDEN TREA- SURY, and FAUST. 1 vols., $6.00. THE GEORGE A. BAKER SERIES. i neu edition of the works of this popular author. BAD HABITS OF GOOD SOCIETY. WEST POINT, AND OTHER STORIES. POINT LACE AND DIAMONDS. 16mo, half cloth, new “lace” binding, gilt top. Price, each volume, $1.00. As a set of 3 vols., in a box, $3.00. THE LAUREATE'S COUNTRY. By ALFRED CHURCH, M.A., lately Professor of Latin in University College, London. A description of places con- nected with the life of Alfred Lord Tennyson, with a full- page photogravure portrait of the poet, and numerous illus- irations from drawings by Edward Hull. Thirteen of these are full-page photogravures and 31 are vignettes. 1 vol., large folio, cloth, in a box, $7.50. FAVORITE WATER-COLORS. d collection of most desirable fac-similes, selected from over 100 owned by the publishers. The water color paintings, from which these are copied, are all by prominent artists, and they have been reproduced in almost perfect fac simile.. Each one of the reproductions is well worthy of framing, and when framed could hardly be distinguished from a water-color. The artists represented are: H. W. McVickar, Percy Moran, James M. Barnsley, James Symington, Charles Howard John- son, and Francis Day. Price, 1 vol., large folio, gilt top, in a box, $7.50. IDEALS OF BEAUTY. Contains six large fac-similes of water-color sketches, by Maud Humphrey, representing ideals of feminine beauty. These fac-similes have been so successfully reproduced that they can hardly be distinguished from the original water-col- ors. The fac-similes are accompanied by appropriate selec- tions from the best poets, with exquisite vignette illustrations in black-and-white by various artists. Large folio, bound in cover of dark green cloth, in a box, POINT LACE AND DIAMONDS. By George A. BAKER. A beautiful new edition of this popu- lar book. Illustrated by 12 fac-similes of water-color de- signs, by Francis Day, and also by numerous vignette illus- trations in black and white by various artists. Price, cloth, with attractive stamping in gold and silver, in box, $3.50. Lace" binding, with back and half sides of white vellum cloth, stamped in gold and silver. With outer half sides in a beautiful pattern of white lace on a gold background, with watered effect, in a box, $3,50. Silk, attractively stamped with gold, in a box, $4.00. MOTHER GOOSE BOOKS. Maud HUMPHREY'S MOTHER GOOSE. A most attractive work, and unquestionably the handsomest "Mother Goose" ever published. With 24 colored plates, accompanied by appropriate verses. Large 4to, boards, $2.50. FAVORITE RHYMES FROM MOTHER GOOSE. This book is made up of selections from "Maud Humphrey's Mother Goose,” with just half the number of colored plates in the larger book. Large 4to, boards, $1.25. CALENDARS FOR 1892. Forty-three varieties of calendars, ranging in price from 25 cents to $2.50 each. From designs by such well-known art- ists as Maud Humphrey, Francis Day, H. W. McVickar, Pauline Sunter, and Frank M. Gregory. Exquisite color-work and choice novelties. Send for catalogue. WATER-COLOR FAC-SIMILES. The most remarkable line of these pictures now in the market, done in a manner that cannot be excelled. IDEAL HEADS. By Maud Humphrey. Six delightful examples of feminine beauty, in torchon mat, $1.50 ; signed proofs, torchon mat, 20x21, $3.00. SOCIETY PICTURES. By Francis Day and H. W. McVickar. Twenty-four exquis- 'ite fac-similes of water-color sketches of society life, in tor- chon mat, 16 x 20, 75 cents. FRA ANGELICO PICTURES. Exact representations of Fra Angelico's works in reduced size. Highly finished with background in burnished gold bronze. ** MADONNA DELLA STELLA." “ CANTATE DOMINO.'' “JUBILATE DEO." “ TE DEUM LAUDAMUS." “GLORIA IN Excelsis." “ LAUDATE DOMINUM." Price, each, in handsome torchon mat, 10 x 12, $1.00. Send for DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. On receipt of ten cents, two Colored Plates and a Catalogue will be sent to any address. Any publication sent, on receipt of price (at publishers' expense), to any address. FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY, 182 FIFTH AVENUE, New York City. 309 1891.] THE DIAL 305 -- - -- - - - --- -- -- - LADIES' STATIONERY. BOORUM & PEASE, MANUFACTURERS OF . A few years ago, our fasbionable peo- THE STANDARD BLANK BOOKS ple would use no Stationery but Imported (For the Trade Only.) goods. The American styles and makes 25 SHEETS (100 pp.) TO THE QUIRE. Everything from the smallest Pass-Book to the large did not come up to what they required. est Ledger, suitable to all purposes_Commercial, Edu- Messrs. Z. & W.M. CRANE set to work cational, and Household uses. For Sale by all Booksellers and Stationers. to prove that as good or better goods could FACTORY, BROOKLYN. be made in this country as abroad. How Offices and Salesrooms, - . - 30 and 32 Reade Street, well tbey bave succeeded is shown by the NEW YORK CITY. fact that foreign goods are 110w scarcely quoted in the market, while CRANE'S ANE'S HAVE YOU ever tried the Fine Corre- goods are stable stock with every dealer of spondence Papers made by the WHITING any pretensions. This firm has done PAPER COMPANY, of Holyoke? You much during the past two or tbree years will find them correct for althe uses to produce a taste for dead-finish Papers, of polite society. They are made in both and to-day tbeir brands of 'Grecian Ail- rough and smooth finish, and in all the tique,' “Parchment Vellum,' 'Old-style,' | fashionable tints. Sold by all dealers and ‘Distaff,' are as popular as their fin- in really fine stationery throughout the est 'Satin Finish' goods. The name for United States. each of tbeir brands is copyrighted; and i tbeir Envelopes, which match each style JOSEPH GILLOTT'S and size of Paper, are bigh-cut pattern, so that the gum cannot come in contact STEEL PENS. with a letter enclosed, during sealing. GOLD MEDALS, PARIS, 1878 AND 1889. A full line of these Standard Goods is kept His Celebrated Numbers, constantly in stock by A. C. MiClurg & Co., Wabash Ave. and Madison St., Chicago. 303-404-170–604-332 TO AUTHORS.—The New York BUREAU OF REVISION And his other styles, may be had of all dealers I gives critical opinions on manuscripts of all kinds, edits throughout the world. them for publication, and offers them to publishers. Send stamp to Dr. Coax for prospectus at 20 West Ifth St., New York City. JOSEPH GILLOTT & SONS, NEW YORK. DO THE “MATCHLESS” PENS. YOU KNOW THE superiority of the “ MATCHLESS ” Pens That the Wisconsin Central and Northern Pacific Lines run through Pullman Vestibuled Drawing Room and 1 is attested by the satisfaction that invariably Tourist Sleepers without change between Chicago and attends their use. The ease and comfort with which Tacoma, Wash., and Portland, Ore:? they write, together with their durability and resist- The train known as the Pacific Express leaves the ance to corrosives, makes them unquestionably the magnificent new Grand Central Passenger Station, Chi best Steel Pen in the market. cago, every day at 10:45 P.M. SAMPLES of the six different styles will be For tickets, berths in Pullman or Tourist Sleepers, sent, postpaid, on receipt of sir cents in stamps. apply to Geo. K. THOMPSON, City Passenger and Ticket Agent, 205 Clark Street. Price per Gross, . . $1.25. Or to F. J. EDDY, Depot Ticket Agent, Grand Central Passenger Station, Chicago, Ill. | A. C. McCLURG & COMPANY, CHICAGO. 306 [Dec., THE DIAL 0 - CALIFORNIA. All the principal Winter Resorts of California are reached in the most comfortable manner over the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad - The Santa Fe Route. Pullman Vestibule Sleeping Cars leave Chicago daily, and run via Kansas City to San Francisco, Los Angeles, and San Diego, without change. Excursion Tickets and detailed information can be obtained at the following offices of the Company: 201 Broadway, New York ; 332 Washington Street, Boston ; 29 South Sixth Street, Philadelphia ; 136 St. James Street, Montreal ; 68 Exchange Street, Buffalo ; 148 St. Clair Street, Cleveland ; 58 Griswold Street, Detroit ; 40 Yonge Street, Toronto ; 165 Walnut Street, Cincin- nati ; 101 Broadway, St. Louis ; 212 Clark Street, Chicago. JOHN J. BYRNE, 4 ss't Genl Pass. and Ticket Agent, (HICAGO, ILL. GEO. T. NICHOLSON, Gen'l Pass. and Ticket Agent, TOPEKA, KAX. HOLIDAY STATIONERY. ESTERBROOK'S STEEL PENS. Wedding Invitations. Reception Cards. LEADING STYLES. At-Home Cards. Fine Point, - - - Nos. 333 444 232 STYLES in stationery of this kind vary Business, - - - - Nos. 048 14 130 but little from season to season, the ele- Broad Point, - . - Nos. 313 239 284 gance of appearance depending entirely FOR SALE BY ALL STATIONERS. on the excellence of execution and the quality of the materials used. Effect THE ESTERBROOK STEEL PEN CO., considered, our prices are the lowest. | Works: Camden, N. J.) 26 John St., NEW YORK. Menus. Trade Mark.] NONPAREIL. (Registered. Dinner Cards. OUR FINEST Luncheon Cards. PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS, The stationery of this kind that we pro- duce always bears distinctive marks of In genuine Seal, Russia, Turkey Morocco, and originality. We are prepared to furnish Plush,- Quarto, Royal Quarto, Oblong, and very handsome novelties in favors of rich Longjellow sizes,— bear the above Trade Mark, and artistic effects. and are for sale by all the Leading Booksellers A. C. Wabash Avenue and Stationers. MCCLURG and KOCH, SONS & CO., & Co. Madison St., CHICAGO. Nos. 541 á 543 PEARL ST., - - NEW YORK. 3/1 307 1891.] THE DIAL A DIRECTORY OF REPRESENTATIVE BOOKSELLERS, Fin Authorized Agents for receiving Subscriptions to THE DIAL, copies of which may be had of them for examination. -- - ALABAMA, INDIANA-Continued. NEBRASKA. Demopolis . . William H. Welch. Marion ... J. B. Councell. Auburn. . . E. H. Dort Richmond . . C. T. Moorman. Aurora, V. P. Spofford. ARKANSAS. Richmond . . Ellwood Morris & Co. Broken Bow , Edward McComas. Little Rock . D. H. & B. Pope & Co. Terre Haute · E. L. Godecke. Fremont. . . Arthur Gibson. | Valparaiso . . B. F. Perrine. Grand Island . J. H. Mullen. CALIFORNIA. Valparaiso . . M. A. Salisbury. 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Evans. Oxford . . . A. Beaugureau. Carlinville · · Theodore C. Loehr. | Junction City. C. H. Trott & Bro. Portsmouth . W. W. Reilly & Co. Carthage .. Thomas F. Payne. Manhattan . . S. M. Fox. Youngstown Manning & Co. Champaign : A.P.Cunningham&Son Marysville . Hagar & Wherry. A.P.Cunni Coultersville W. A. Milligan. Olathe ... Henry V. Chase. OREGON, Danville. .. A. G. Woodbury. Topeka... Kellam Book & Sta.Co. Albany . . . Foshay & Mason. Evanston . George W. Muir. Astoria . . . Griffin & Reed. Freeport . Pattison & Kryder. MICHIGAN. Portland . J. K. Gill & Co. Geneseo . . . E. H. Ash. Portland Homer .. Alpena... H. H. Wittelshofer. .. Stuart & Thompson. E. T. Mudge. Salem . . . Ann Arbor . . George Wahr. Jacksonville T. McF. Patton. . Catlin & Co. Battle Creek . E. R. Smith. The Dalles . . I. C. Nickelsen. Knoxville . . F. D. Huggins. La Salle . . . J. E. Malone. Berrien Springs Henry Kephart. Big Rapids . . A. S. Hobart & Co. South DakOTA. Litchfield . . Hood & Son. H. W. Richardson. Cadillac... George D. Van Vrankin Marengo Dell Rapids - Knight & Folsom. Pierre Marseilles . . Cadillac . . . Arthur H. Webber. ... Kemp Brothers. J. H. Allen. Detro Sioux Fa. John Macfarlane. C. 0. Vatesta. Monticello . . Coe & Shaw. Vauvoo . . . Aitchison & Beger. Grand Rapids. Eaton, Lyon & Co. Grand Rapids. G. A. Hall & Co. TEXAS. (ttawa . Hapeman & Graham. . Paw Paw .. Wilbur A. Pratt. Ishpeming.. Henry Harwood. Fort Worth . F.T.B. Schermerhorn. Peoria Adolph F. Isler. . . P. A. Cramer. . Polo . . Lansing . . . J. L. Spear. A. M. Emery.. l'rah. . . Manistee Pontiac . . . J. S. Murphy & Co. J. E. Somerville. Ephraim . . J. F. Dorius & Co. Marquette . . Rochelle A. W. Hartong. H. H. Stafford & Son. . Rock Island R. Crampton & Co. Mason ... J. C. Kimmel, Jr. WASHINGTON. Rockford . . H. H. Waldo. Michigamme. Henry J. Atkinson. Ellensburg . . D. W. Morgan. Shelbyville . . J. B. Isenberg & Co. Muskegon . . Fred L. Reynolds. Springfield . . Frank Simmons. | Olympia . . . M. O'Connor. Olympia . . . J. Benson Starr. i North Lansing Gardner & Robertson, Sterling . . . Bates & Conant. Seattle... Lowman&Hanford Co. Virginia . . . W. R. Wood. Shelby... J. W. Runner. Spokane Falls. J. W. Graham & Co. Washington . A. Alphonso. MINNESOTA. Tacoma . . . Oscar Nuhn. Waukegan . . George S. Wheeler. Vaucouver . . James Waggener, Jr. Waverly . . W. B. Rogers. Faribault. Charles E. Smith. Walla Walla . Stine Brothers. Wilmington , C. K. Charlton. Fergus Falls . N. J. Mortensen. Woodstock. . L. T. Hoy. Mankato .. Stewart & Holmes. WisCONSIN. Minneapolis . Clark & McCarthy. | Appleton . . C. F. Rose & Co. INDIANA. i Minneapolis Chas. D. Whitall & Co. Eau Claire . . Book & Stationery Co. Columbus . . George E. Ellis. | Verndale .. A. S. McMillan. Evansville . W. T. Hoxie. Fort Wayne . Stahn & Heinrich. Kenosha .. George M. Melville. Frankfort .. Coulter, Given & Co. MISSOURI. Menominee. . F. D. Johnson. Indianapolis . Bowen-Merrill Co. | Kansas City . M. H. Dickinson & Co. Milwaukee . . T. S. Gray & Co. Lebanon . G. W. Campbell. Liberty. . . B. F. Dunn. Oconto . . . S. W. Ford. Ligonier . . . J. H. Hoffman. St. Louis . . Philip Roeder. Stevens Point. H. D. McCulloch Co. Madison . . . B.F. & W.W.Calloway St. Louis . . C. Witter. Sturgeon Bay · Louis Reichel. ansas ( 308 [Dec., 1891. THE DIAL م / -- --- What Better Christmas Gift for There's the simple suggestion for you to act on. The gift will be acceptable and the giver remembered for 365 days in the year. You need have no doubt as to the merits of the book. Ask anyone who uses it- there are thousands of them. It is the best—there being, perhaps, none so good. It is full of choice things, easily understood by everybody, cook or no cook. There are nearly 600 pages of recipes and hints on cooking. Every recipe is true and cannot fail. There, in a nutshell, is the secret of the success of MRS. RORER'S COOK BOOK. You can rely on it. It is neatly bound in oil cloth covers ; price, $1.75. We pay the postage any- where. Any bookseller has it or can get it for you. Your Home and Friends than Mrs. Rorer's Cook Book? ARNOLD AND COMPANY. 420 Library Street. Philadelphia. SOLD BY A. C. McCluRG & Co. -- - - - -- - - - -- ----- At this time don't forget MRS. RORER'S HOME CANDY MAKING-a timely book on a timely subject. Hours of delight in it. No book tells you so much about candy making as this. Price, paper covers, 40 cents: cloth, 75 cents. Sent by mail: we pay postage. ARNOLD AND COMPANY, 420 Library Street, Philadelphia. THE DIAL PRESS, CHICAGO. THE DIAL A Monthly Journal of Current Literature ------ - ------------ --- PUBLISHED BY AC MCCLURG & CO. SI CHICAGO, JANUARY, 1892. VOL. XI!.?.c.. EDITED BY No. 141. I FRANCIS F. BROWNE. HARPER'S MAGAZINE FOR JANUARY. HARPER & BROTHERS' LATE PUBLICATIONS. Our Exposition at Chicago. STUDIES IN CHAUCER: By JULIAN RALPH. With Plan of Exposition Grounds and His Life and Writings. By THOMAS R. 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Postage HARPER'S NEW CATALOGUE, a descriptive list of over 1000 free to all subscribers in the United States, Canada, and Merico. ' volumes, sent, post-paid, on receipt of Ten Cents. PUBLISHED BY HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK. 314 (Jan., THE DIAL . ------ -- --- = = = THE ATLANTIC MONTHLY FOR JANUARY CONTAINS : Don Orsino. The first chapters of a remarkable Serial Story by F. MARION CRAWFORD. SHALL GIRLS PROPOSE? AND OTHER PAPERS ON LOVE AND MARRIAGE. By a “SPECULATIVE BACHELOR.” One vol., new and unique style, extra cloth, gilt top, 75 cents. “The book, taken all in all, is a very clever composition, and can be read with interest by those that contemplate mat- rimony, those that have taken the plunge, and also by those that are still heart-free. It is written in an entertaining style, and the hackneyed subject of love is treated throughout in a novel manner."'-New York Commercial Advertiser. James Russell Lowell. A Paper of very great interest by HENRY JAMES. Boston. 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A NEW BOOK BY JULES VERN E. The Missing Interpreter. A striking short Story, by HERBERT D. Ward. MISTRESS BRANICAN. By JULES VERNE, author of “ Cæsar Cascabel," etc. Translated from the French, by A. EstOCLET. Nus- trated by L. BENNETT. Small 8vo, extra cloth, $2.00. John Stuart Mill, And the London and Westminster Review. Including several Letters by Mr. Mill, edited by C. MARIOX D. TOWERS. MAY O’RELL'S NEW BOOK. 'Birds and “Birds.” A delightful Out-door Paper, with Songs inwoven, by Edith M. THOMAS. The Political Situation. An article likely to excite no little comment. A FRENCHMAN IN AMERICA. By Max O’RELL, author of “ Jonathan and His Conti- nent,” “ John Bull, Jr.," etc. With over 130 illus- trations by E. W. KEMBLE. One vol., 8vo, extra cloth, gilt top, $2.00. “With such a combination of author and artist, the suc- cess of the work is a foregone conclusion."- Philadelphia Saturday Evening Post. “ His book is brisk, witty, and readable."--N. Y. Sun. “Likely to be one of the most talked of publications of the season.”—Boston Beacon. “Readable from beginning to end." - Brooklyn Times. " Fresh and bright.” — Cleveland Plaindealer. NOW IS THE TIME TO SUBSCRIBE. $4.00 a Year; Thirty-five cents a Number. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., For Sale by all Booksellers. CASSELL PUBLISHING COMPANY, 104 & 106 Fourth Ave., NEW YORK. BOSTON, MASS. 1892.] 315 THE DIAL - -- - I -- ----- ----- -- J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY'S PUBLICATIONS. SIR JOHN LUBBOCK'S BEST HUNDRED BOOKS. A new edition of the Hundred Books recommended by Sir John LUBBOCK in his lecture on “The Choice of Books." The volumes are uniform in size and binding, but vary in thickness. 12mo, cloth. The following are Now Ready: 1.--HERODOTUS. Literally translated from the text of BAEHR, by Henry Carey. $1.25. 2. DARWIN'S VOYAGE OF A NATURALIST IN H.M.S. BEAGLE. $1.00. 3.-THE MEDITATIONS OF MARCUS AURELIUS. Translated by Jeremy Collier. 60 cents. 4.-THE TEACHINGS OF EPICTETUS. 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LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, . 715 & 717 Market St., PHILADELPHIA. 316 [Jan., 1892. THE DIAL THE D. APPLETON & CO.'S NEW BOOKS. Popular Science Monthly The New Drill Regulations for Infantry As Approved by the Secretary of War. This volume contains the complete Regulations, plates, and illustrations, identical with copy issued to the Army from Headquarters, and includes in addition paragraphs FOR JANUARY, 1892. from Army Regulations referred to in the new Drill Reg- ulations. It is bound in blue leather, in style similar -- - - to “ Upton's Tactics,” so long and favorably known, but with the improvement of a tuck in place of the less Recent Advances in the Pottery Industry convenient clasp. (Illustrated.) By Edwin A. BARBER. An account Price: Leather, 75 cents. 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By RHODA BROUGHTON and ELIZABETH BISLAND, The Aviator Flying-Machine (illustrated). I 12mo, paper, 50 cents; cloth, $1.00. Sketch of Elias Loomis (with portrait). The Tragedy of Ida Noble. By W. CLARK RUSSELL, author of « The Wreck of the Grosvenor,” « The Mystery of the Ocean Star," etc. Fifty Cents a Number ; $5.00 a Year. 12mo, paper, 50 cents; cloth, $1.00. For sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent by mail, postpaid, on receipt of price, by the Publishers, PUBLISHED BY D. APPLETON & CO., D. APPLETON & CO., NEW YORK. 1, 3, & 5 Bond St., NEW YORK. - - - - THE DIAL ---- Vol. XII. JANUARY, 1892. No. 141. | vention and of style would sit loosely anywhere, it would be here. We might almost expect . the poet, with a large range of vision added to CONTENTS. a new enthusiasm for humanity, and over- possessed by the great ideas thronging in upon WALT WHITMAN. John J. Halsey ...... 317 him, to account of little importance canons of FREEMAN'S HISTORY OF SICILY. Francis W. old-world proprieties and poetics. Impatient Kelsey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 for the good time coming, which his clear vision COMPARATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL STUDIES. can best see, he may be expected to give little James 0. Pierce . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 heed to the forms set forth for him, metrical, CARSON'S HISTORY OF THE SUPREME COURT. rhetorical, or conceptual, intent only upon the L. H. Boutell . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 content of his message to mankind. SOME RECENT MEMORIAL VOLUMES, Charles Such an one was “ the good gray poet” Wallace French . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 whose message is now all before us. It is fit- BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS .......... 330 ting to ask once more what this message is. Scherer's Essays on English Literature. Kent's For those who maintain that his writings are Leigh Hunt as Poet and Essayist. Hannay's Life pernicious, and fit subjects for “the Index," of Rodney.-- Mahaffy's Greek Classical Literature. we have no argument. They are either the - Wendell's English Composition.--Hodgkin's Theo- ignorant who will not read him and are con- doric the Goth.- Lowell's Latest Literary Essays and Addresses.-- Loftie's Westminster Abbey.- Lodge's tent to repeat parrot-like what they have heard Boston.-Jameson's History of Historical Writing in about him, or prigs who cannot or will not America. understand him. To those who challenge his TOPICS IN JANUARY PERIODICALS.. 334 form, rejoinder may be made by those who love their “ Beowulf” as well as their “In BOOKS OF THE MONTH .......... 334 Memoriam," and are at home in literature re- gardless of time or place, that the poet who could use nineteenth-century rhythm superbly, WALT WHITMAN. as in “ My Captain ” and other poems, in the The highest ethics is never conventional and main reverted to a type which is found in the noblest seer is ever over-possessed. Suit- nearly all early literatures. It is not the best able occasion for the one or language for the that the present age can furnish us, but a poet other has never yet been found. Plato and has all the past for his treasure-house. Shakespeare and Browning were all men born But more than the freedom to express his out of due time, little appreciated by those of thoughts in his own way is claimed for Walt their own generation, and only gradually inter Whitman. The basis of English poetry, as of preted by those who came after. They took English life, has always been ethical. Beauty the measure of a new world of the future, and of form came to us sparingly with the Norman smaller men but painfully come to their larger Conquest, and bountifully with the Renais- vision. The nineteenth century has offered sance; but away back in Beowulf-lay and song men a new world, not in the future but about of Cadmon and battle-chant of Brunanburh them. The progress of the race within this lie revealed the springs of literary motive. century has surpassed all that ever came be From that day to this “ a profound and serious fore. But in the new world of America, espec conception of what makes man great, if not ially, has the century found an expansion truly happy, of what his duty exacts,” has made the colossal. The vast reaches of territory — the undercurrent of the best English song, and its grandeur of scene in forest and prairie, in highest rapture has been that of those who have mountain and water features — the electric - advanced true friends and beat down baffling atmosphere, breeding rush and unrest — the foes.” It is because this undercurrent runs rapid appropriation of nature's bounty through deep and strong through the poetic writings of a phenomenal increase of population—all have Whitman, because they pulsate with this rap- made an environment for the poet absolutely ture, because they embody a prophetic imagin- unparalleled hitherto. If the trammels of con- | ation, that his admirers forget the aberrant 318 THE DIAL [Jan., - ---- --- --- - -- - forms, the occasional catalogues, the lack at tesque expression, even to the "barbaric yawp," times of poetic selection, and hold that he will of this modern friend of publicans and sinners. one day be given a large place “ on fame's “I am he attesting sympathy. eternal camping-ground.” Those best appre- ciate his poetry who are familiar with the com "I am not the poet of goodness only, I do not decline to be mentary furnished to it not only by his prose the poet of wickedness also. What blurt is this about virtue and about vice ? writings but also by his life — that life which Evil propels me and reform of evil propels me, I stand in- became a physical wreck through heroic devo- different." tion to lowly duty with naught of poetry in it “My spirit has passed in compassion and determination around the whole earth, except such as his spirit brought. But all who I have looked for equals and lovers and found them ready read in the same spirit in which they read for me in all lands, their Tennyson or their Browning, may dis I think some divine rapport has equalized me with them." cover in - Leaves of Grass " the permanent “Not a mutineer walks handcuffed to jail but I am hand- elements of poetic value which won the high cuffed to him and walk by his side. I am less the jolly one there and more the silent one with praise of Emerson and Thoreau and Stedman, sweat on my twitching lips." of Ruskin and Sir Edwin Arnold and Freili- But lest these very quotations misrepresent grath. him, taken from their context, let us recall that The fatherhood of God, the brotherhood of he says, “ Only the good is universal.” Prob- man, the absolute worth of every human life, ably the best expression of his whole thought the high responsibility of every soul because of is the “ Song of The Universal,” in which that its possibilities and the possibilities of every line occurs. No one should express an opinion other soul, the value of the material only as about Whitman until he has read and re-read contributing to and realizing the ideal, the every line of that superb ode, in which he cosmic plan including all that occurs, the grand seems the very impersonation of a universal opportunities which America offers to the Zeit Geist. A few lines must suffice for cita- poet, the prophet, the reformer, -- all this and tion. more is unfolded from Whitman's central and " In this broad earth of ours, complementary ideas of personality and uni- Amid the measureless grossness and the slag, versality. In his opening pages he sings: Enclosed and safe within its central heart, Nestles the seed perfection. “Chanter of Personality, outlining what is yet to be, By every life a share or more or less, I project the history of the future.”' None born but it is born, concealed or unconcealed, the seed “Of Life immense in passion, pulse, and power, is waiting." Cheerful, for freest action formed under the laws divine, The Modern Man I sing." " And thou America, For the scheme's culmination, its thought and its reality, ** I know I am deathless, For these (not for thyself) thou hast arrived. I know this orbit of mine cannot be swept by a carpenter's compass. “Thou too surroundest all, Embracing carrying welcoming all, thou too by pathways “I know I am august, broad and new, I do not trouble my spirit to vindicate itself or be understood, To the ideal tendest. I see that the elementary laws never apologize." "The measured faiths of other lands, the grandenrs of the past, * I celebrate myself and sing myself, Are not for thee, but grandeurs of thine own, And what I assume you shall assume, Deific faiths and amplitudes, absorbing, comprehending all, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you." All eligible to all. "I do not ask who you are, that is not important to me, ** All, all for immortality, You can do nothing and be nothing but what I will infold Love, like the light, silently wrapping all, you." Nature's amelioration blessing all, The blossoms, fruits of ages, orchards divine and certain, So he passes out from Personality to Uni- ! Forms, objects, growths, humanities, to spiritual images versality. Whitman makes no more of the ripening. Bible than of other great literatures, but one “Give me () God to sing that thought, might almost suppose that he had chosen as Give me, give him or her I love, this quenchless faith In Thy ensemble ; whatever else withheld withhold not companion texts, “ All things work together from us for good to them that love God," and - What Belief in plan of Thee enclosed in Time and Space, God hath cleansed make not thou common." Health, peace, salvation universal.” That divine compassion which found its most Whitman is to us the positive and construct- perfect expression in Jesus of Nazareth seems ive expression of that negative and destruct- to have been born into our poet with his Qua- | ive spirit which soared into genius in Shelley. ker blood, and largely sanctifies the most gro- | The one, the revolutionist, borne down by the 1892.] THE DIAL 319 ---- social and political conventions against which tion with the famous metopes from Selinus, his revolt beat undiscerningly, would, we fear, with Greek terra-cottas and vases, Roman mo- have brought in a pernicious license and even saics, Arabian vessels, and mediæval carvings, anarchy in place of the customs he aimed to nearly all gathered from the western part of throw down. The other has mastered the the island ; the palace chapel is in the Norman greatest truth that nineteenth-century science style, while the south portal of the cathedral has given us, and has found his amulet against shows unmistakable traces of northern Gothic. present pessimism, as well as his lodestone for This juxtaposition of survivals from different the future, in the principle of Evolution. His periods sometimes startles the traveller ; but practical love of humanity has preserved his the ethnological and historical facts illustrated sanity, and turned for him Pope's fatalistic by them form no isolated group. The history line into of Sicily at every stage is intimately connected Whatever is must be made right. with the destinies of the continents on either Unlike Shelley, he has a philosophy of life side, Europe and Africa. Rightly interpreted, which admits no grievance as a motive-power it will furnish a clue to many important his- of his verse. At peace with all mankind, he is toric movements, and reveal a nexus, a thread intolerant only of wrong-doing, and has naught of relation, between events apparently far sepa- but love and an uplifting hand for the sinner. rated. A John the Beloved among men, an Isaiah In view of these facts it is not strange that among seers, an eaglet among the nightingale this subject should possess strong attraction singers, this simple, heroic, stimulating per for the most broad-minded historian of our sonality has brought to his America a message generation, the man who is equally at home whose best expression will hereafter share the with the Achæan League, the Norman Con- - laurel-wreath only with the words of Emerson quest, and the English Constitution. We learn and of Lowell. John J. HALSEY. from the preface that Professor Freeman has cherished the project of a history of Sicily for ----- ------ many years ; that these two volumes are the FREEMAY'S HISTORY OF SICILY.* forerunner of others which will carry the nar- rative down at least to the death of Frederick, To students of history, as well as of archæ- in the year 1251 ; and that he has handled ology, Sicily presents conditions and problems the subject from the standpoint of universal of peculiar interest. Although an island, both history, the treatment we should expect from in shape and in the distribution of natural fea- the author of " Comparative Politics " and the tures it has many of the characteristics ordi- well-known lecture on "The Unity of Ilistory." narily associated with a continent. Too large to be without independent life, yet lacking the The first volume presents at the outset an ex- tended statement of the characteristics of Si- conditions essential to the maintenance of po- cilian history, in which the author's rare power litical independence, it has been the battle- of generalization shows to excellent advantage. ground of races and nations since the dawn of The three remaining chapters treat of the island history. Sicanians, Sicels, Greeks, Cartha- and its earliest inhabitants, and the settlements ginians, Romans, Saracens, and Normans, have of the Phænicians and Greeks. The second here striven for the mastery, in the earlier in- volume traces out the course of events from stances through the slower processes of immi- the close of the period of Greek colonization gration and settlement, later through the more down to the beginning of Athenian interven- rapid processes of armed invasion. Here suc- tion in Sicilian affairs, from 735 to 433 B.C. cessive civilizations have left their deposits one The involved and confusing data of this im- above the other, like geological strata. On the portant period are clearly grouped and treated terrace at Syracuse rock-hewn graves of a pre- in three chapters, on the first age of the Sicil- historic people are mingled with tombs of the ian Greeks, the first wars with Carthage and Hellenic period; down in the island, the ancient Etruria, and - Sicily Free and Independent." acropolis, the present cathedral is built into There is no lack of monographs on special and upon a Doric temple. At Palermo, in the points of Sicilian history. For the periods museum Phænician sarcophagi divide atten- covered in these two volumes, the reader has * THE HISTORY OF SICILY FROM THE EARLIEST Times. access not only to full sections in several works By Edward A. Freeman, Hon. D.C.L., LL.D. Volumes I. and II. Oxford, At the Clarendon Press. New York : Mac- of a more general character, but also to a spec- millan & Co. Tial treatise of high merit, Holm’s “ Geschichte 320 [Jan., THE DIAL Siciliens im Alterthum." Yet our author has early Sicilian history — the careful analysis of taken no conclusions for granted. Every chap- myths and traditions, the balancing of contra- ter reveals a painstaking and accurate use of dictory statements, in a word, the application original authorities. While familiar with the of constructive as well as destructive critical recent literature of the subject, and freely ac- ! method to obscure and intricate problems. It knowledging his indebtedness to it, he has left is not too much to say that, though the mater- on the work as a whole the stamp of original ial has been worked over many times, Professor research and independent judgment. It was Freeman throws new light on almost every im- not to be expected that he could bring to light portant question. A good case in point is the any large number of new facts. No important discussion of the relation of the Sicels to the sources of information have become available i Sicanians, in the first volume. Holm main- since the publication of Holm's work, with the tained (** Geschichte Siciliens," Vol. i., p. 59) exception of some details on the topographical that these two peoples were identical. Free- and archæological side. Nevertheless these man, although agreeing with the commonly volumes mark a noteworthy advance on any- / received view that the Sicels were closely con- thing previously written in the same field. This nected with the Latins, has put the case for a is due especially to three things : the author's different origin of the Sicanians more cogently breadth of view, his familiarity with Sicilian than it has ever been stated before. This has led topography, and his power of historical discern- Holm to admit (in “ The Classical Review" ment and interpretation. for November, 1891, p. 423) that his former In these days of extreme specialization, when | hypothesis is no longer tenable. In this, as in as a rule each investigator confines himself with many similar cases, the examination of points in narrow limits and dares not express an opin- i involving much technical detail is wisely rele- ion on anything outside, it is a pleasure to find i gated to appendices. a work viewing the field of the specialist from In a work so free from larger faults in mat- the horizon of the general reader. A well ter and method, it is perhaps ungracious to drawn analogy may not prove anything, but point out minor imperfections. The clear, in history particularly it can hardly fail to be vigorous style of which Professor Freeman is instructive and valuable. So in this instance, so thorough a master tends easily to overstate- while we are viewing “the eternal Eastern ment, and occasionally leads to greater positive- question” as it stood in the days when ness of assertion than the facts will warrant. Greek and Persian or Greek and Carthaginian We read (Vol. i., p. 134): “ The Sikel learn- strove for victory, we are brought face to face ed to imitate or adopt, as far as artistic char- with the same question as it is to-day. We acter went, the beautiful coinage of the Greek; are constantly reminded of the analogies be- i but the Greek stooped to borrow names for his tween Greek, or Phænician, and modern colon- coins from the Sikel, and to adopt the system ization ; we are led to see how the history of of weights and measures which the Sikel had Sicily has been repeating itself over and over brought with him from Italy.” Here we have again, and catch glimpses of the operation of an interesting series of hypotheses, yet only similar causes under different conditions. This hypotheses, set forth in the language of ascer- broad treatment of the subject, dangerous for tained fact with a positiveness which even the a less scholarly writer, has previously been at more carefully stated appendix fails to justify: tempted by no one. Equally misleading is the statement about the Even if the author did not so state in his “ newly invented Ionic capital” (Vol. ii., p. preface, it would be clear that large portions 409), mentioned in connection with the small of his work were written “on the spot.” In no prostyle-tetrastyle temple on the acropolis at other way could they have received so strong a Selinus. Now and then the author's fondness local coloring. Probably no man knows more for a striking statement betrays him into need- about the topography of Sicily as a whole than less repetition ; thus in different places the at- does Mr. Freeman. Anyone who has stood tention of the reader is several times directed on the height of Girgenti, or traversed the to the significant tradition that the battles of sites of Syracuse or of Lilybæum, will bear wit- Himera and Salamis were fought upon the ness to the accuracy and graphic power of his same day. These, however, are only slight descriptions of places. But the highest merit blemishes. They will not seriously affect the of the volumes before us, after all, lies in the value of the work. skilful interpretation of the meagre facts of FRANCIS W. KELSEY. 1892.] THE DIAL 321 - - COMPARATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL STUDIES.* rights. Its great strength for the future lay The English translators of M. Boutmy have in “ its influence on the imagination.” In the revolutions of 1648 and 1688, no new political been the means of introducing to the English- speaking world two epoch-making books. That machinery had to be created, no great changes the critical Frenchman is a frank and unpre- to be effected, no recognized privileges to be judiced foreigner is not alone a voucher of done away with. “ All that was necessary was already in existence, all that was lacking was ability to criticise English or American insti- the will and skill to start the machine,” and tutions entertainingly. But when with frank- for this competent managers appeared. No ness and freedom from prejudice, we find a cyclone like the French Revolution was ever careful examination of the sources of historical needed in England, where the evolution of the information, a love of comparative constitu- constitution was always gradual, and where, tional study, a ready observance of the consti- “ as far back as the sixteenth century, those tutional features of great historical and ethnical essential reforms were enjoyed which France changes, the power to lucidly explain them, was still looking for in 1789.” and the capacity of seeing defects in the insti- In a rapid but not hasty review, Boutmy tutions of his own land, we recognize the ele- traces the growth of the English Parliament, ments of a welcome commentator. The English illustrates the mode of formation of its two Constitution of which he treats in the first book houses, and shows how the practice of the on our list is not alone a political concept, but it has its social and economic phases, all which church in withdrawing its priesthood from the lower house prevented it from sharing in the are closely observed. American readers will new powers which that house gradually began note with especial interest that the people are to exercise, and left the clerical order all un- an essential element in this Frenchman's idea fitted as well as unprepared for the contest of the State. The English system which op- with Henry VIII.; England, though a nation pressed or even disregarded the people was , of religious people, thus practically relegating fatuous in itself, and change was inevitable. the clergy to a non-political life. The oligarchy into which the country gentle- How the yeomanry of England disappeared men of the seventeenth century developed is as they yielded to the influences which led them freely censured by a not unsympathetic critic, to sell their lands, how the country gentlemen, whose last thought in this essay is of the new acquiring lands by purchase, and laying field life which “ must quicken the freshly moulded to field, abolished the farms and small holdings clay of the English democracy." The conservative character of the great revo- and became a landed oligarchy, the possessors of great estates, and the virtual dictators of lutions in England does not escape M. Boutmy. | England, — all this is described by Boutmy as The Great Charter simply preserved ancient i an agrarian revolution. This social change had * The English Constitution. By Emile Boutmy. Trans- ; its effect upon the political constitution. The lated by Isabel M. Eaden. New York: Macmillan & Co. County Magistracy, passing into the hands of STUDIES IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: France, England, United States. By Emile Boutmy. Translated by E. M. the landed gentry, became an “ Absolutism Dicey. New York: Macmillan & Co. shielded by impunity.” The parish organiza- THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES : Its His- tions, retaining their name and form, lost their tory and Influence in our Constitutional System. By Westel W. Willoughby. Baltimore : Johns Hopkins Press. ancient function of local government. “ When THE LEGISLATURES AND THE COUrts: The Power to De the nineteenth century began, it was no longer clare Statutes Unconstitutional. By Charles B. Elliott, Ph.D. popular self-government by parishes, but aris- Boston : Ginn & Co. STATE AND FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IN SWITZERLAND, tocratic self-government by counties, which By John Martin Vincent, Ph.D. Baltimore : Johns Hopkins handed on the name and tradition of local Press. liberty.” These economic changes are traced The Swiss REPUBLIC. By Boyd Winchester, late U. S.;. Minister at Bern. Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott Co. So down to the Reforms of 1832, when a new era THE CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF JAPAN, 1853-1881. , begins, transitional, and still progressing: By Toyokichi Iyenaga, Ph.D., Prof. of Political Science in : M. Boutmy's essay is too brief to be exhaust- Tokio Senmon-Gakko. Baltimore : Johns Hopkins Press. | ive or to serve as the single sufficient commen- THE COMMUNES OF LOMBARDY from the VI. to the X. Century By Williain Klapp Williams, Ph.D. Baltimore : tary on the English Constitution, but it will Johns Hopkins Press. prove suggestive to other essayists and com- The Right OF THE STATE TO BE : An Attempt to Deter- i mentators. Its rough frankness may be un- mine the Ultimate Human Prerogative on which Govern- welcome to English readers. The eminent Sir ment Rests. By F. M. Taylor, Ph.D. Ann Arbor: Privately Frederick Pollock does not, however, hesitate Printed. 322 [Jan., THE DIAL ----- --- - --- to furnish it with a kind Introduction to the pany for the discovery, cultivation, and capital- English-reading world, and to say that it de ization of its enormous territory.". serves a welcome as filling a place not yet oc But it is no injustice to the brilliant French- cupied by any British treatise. man to say that he sees more than he under- For the same author's three “ Studies in Con stands. He fails to comprehend the exact value stitutional Law," Professor A. V. Dicey stands of that Anglo-Saxon conservatism in constitu- sponsor to English and American readers, in tional affairs, for which he entertains so great viting attention to the novel point of view oc a respect, and some of the advantages of which cupied by the essayist. In these papers, the he so highly appreciates. His chief encomium British and American constitutions, on their upon the English system, with its elasticity of political side, are compared with each other, action and indefiniteness of expression, is, that and their fundamental principles are contrast patriotism is thereby promoted ; " the people ed with those which govern French political are called upon to watch over this ark of thought. That the essayist addresses himself national institutions, which has purposely been to a French audience, does not detract from deprived of all means of defense but the strength the value of his views to Anglo-Saxon students. of custom and the wisdom of public spirit.” With admirable perspicacity, he has seen and He regards the Revolution of 1689 as extra- he emphasizes most of the distinctive character revolutionary, the debates over ancient prece- istics of British and American constitutional dents seeming to him ludicrously out of place, ism. It is plain to him, and he industriously | the nation acquiring rather than preserving tries to make his fellow countrymen see, that liberty, and changing the immemorial customs our constitutions, on both sides the sea, are a of the kingdom”; the circumstance being un- growth rather than a creation, a characteristic noticed that the Anglo-Saxon crown was orig- differentiating them from French examples. inally elective. So, in America, he fails to The conservatism of our constitution-makers is | understand the exact position of the several clearly illustrated. “ The English like the idea states under the Confederation and prior to the of a narrow path reaching far back into anti- adoption of the constitution of 1789, and insists quity, in which they see the centuries of their that the American people is “ an artificial ele- national life ranged in a long vista, one behind ment, and so to speak, created from above," the other. The English Constitution is strange that is, by the constitution ; that it is not the ly marked by this turn of mind. Historical nation which made the constitution, but the descent is the very soul of it, just as an ideal constitution which created the nation.” He also fraternity has always been the soul of the thinks that he has discovered that the Amer- French constitution.” The history of the En- | ican system of full religious liberty was design- glish Constitution is a record of conflicts and edly adopted by us for the purpose of attracting struggles, closed by treaties and compromises to these shores emigrants of all religious sects The same feature is found in the American from the Old World. system, and it is the great assimilating char The difficulty in the way of M. Boutmy's acteristic of these two systems, one unwritten fuller understanding of the Anglo-Saxon con- and the other written. Furthermore, the essay stitutional temperament is probably racial. ist rightly treats the American constitutions, One must have lived with a people to know, Federal and State, as parts of one general accurately and sympathetically, its spirit. Even system, to understand which it is necessary | an Englishman, like Mr. Bryce, must visit to study more than the text of the Constitution America to become fully acquainted with our of the United States. He regards our political institutions. With all his keenness of intel- system as “ democratic to the very core,” while lect and broadness of views, M. Boutmy's prime the English is “entirely aristocratic in its con- | ideas of constitutions conform to the French struction.” But the American democracy is model. He says: “ The type of a French con- still radically unlike its French copy. Francestitution is an imperative law, promulgated by attempted to build its modern system on the the nation, calling up the hierarchy of political ruins of an effete despotism; but in the United powers out of chuos, and organizing them.” States, democracy " came into existence peace Admirable and forcible as is this figure, it pre- fully, in a world without a past.” “ The strik sents a theory impossible of realization. The ing and peculiar characteristic of American individuals who compose the nation have all society is,” says M. Boutmy," that it is not so the frailties and incapacity which human nature much a democracy, as a huge commercial com- ' can exhibit, and the average of the political 189:2.] 323 THE DIAL capacity of these individuals will measure the illustrates the relations of the court to the co- capacity of the nation to frame and promulgate ordinate branches of the government and to such an “ imperative law.” No nation can general politics. The two chapters which treat successfully create an ideal constitution, of the of its power and authority over legislative acts French “ type," until it has been educated into which contravene the constitution are of espec- the adequate political capacity. Anglo-Saxons ial interest, and are the kernel of the essay. build their constitutions gradually, while they The origins and early growth of the American are acquiring their political education. Customs system by which the courts keep the legisla- are necessarily taken into account; experience tures within the constitutional limits, which is the inevitable teacher; the importance at are briefly referred to by Mr. Willoughby, tached to precedents is but natural; disputed are made the subject of Prof. Elliot's pamphlet, ground is conquered and held ; and many a which is on the present list, and in which this constitutional principle is a monument erected peculiar power of our courts is examined more on a political battle-ground. The French ideal at length, is compared with foreign systems, demands a philosophically complete constitu and is vindicated from the strictures of its tion, to be launched as the perfect ship of state critics. Whosoever may fear the influence of upon the sea of the political cosmos. The Anglo this power in our national system will be reas- Saxon ideal is satisfied with the constitution sured by reading this essay, which, though which the people build for themselves as they written by an advocate to sustain his thesis, is live and learn ; it aims only to present and yet calm in tone and convincing by its candor. preserve “ the fixed political habit of the peo These cheering comments on the novel fea- ple.” The difficulty with French constitution tures of our judiciary recall the pessimistic alism has been that its provision for the peo doubts of M. Boutmy, in his - Studies in Con- ple was above and beyond what the people stitutional Law” before referred to: were fitted for. The Anglo-Saxon constitution " It is one of Blackstone's maxims that in every con- will have its infancy, youth, and maturity, just stitution a power exists which controls without being controlled, and whose decisions are supreme. This as individuals do. The French philosopher power is represented in the United States by a small who will not demand that either a man or a oligarchy of nine irremovable judges. I do not know constitution shall be born into the full vigor of any more striking political paradox than this supre- of mature age, will be able to better under macy of a non-elected power in a democracy reputed stand the genius of American democracy, to to be of the extreme type. It is a power which in strictness could, by virtue of an authority now out of see why the American people, in framing their date, perpetuate the prejudices of a past age, and act- constitutional system, introduced so many de ually defy the changed spirit of the nation even in po- vices and features which M. Boutmy character- litical matters.” izes as anti-democratic, and to appreciate the This extract shows how far the ability to actual value of our peculiar federal system of imagine and appreciate the “ideal fraternity” division of governmental powers, our inherited of a pure democracy according to the French conviction of the necessity of religious freedom, model may fall short of capacity to understand and the ready way in which the sovereign peo a representative democracy in actual operation. ple either exercises its sovereignty or delegates The doubts urged by M. Boutmy are dissipated such exercise to its appointed agents. by the timely suggestions of Mr. Elliott's The part which the Supreme Court of the essay. The American people have been edu- United States has played in the successful cated by centuries of practice into a mode of operation of the American constitutional sys- | self-government by chosen representatives, a tem is set forth, with some amplification, in the “ fixed political habit” into which their “nine summary presented by Mr. W. W. Willoughby, irremovable judges” were born ; and the peo- which forms an extra Johns Hopkins volume. ple, in all emergencies, feel “ that if the law In his “ Constitutional History,” Prof. Landon could but be discovered, it must necessarily be gave some attention to this subject; but Mr. sufficient for their protection.” So “ the law Willoughby has elaborated it with more ful courts become the pivots upon which the con- ness, and its presentation in a separate volume stitutional arrangements turn," and these are will be of convenience to students of the sub the people's courts, erected by themselves and ject, for whose use this monograph is best officered by men sprung from and educated adapted. The inception of this high court — with the people. To use the concluding words or, rather, the ideas which suggested and de- of Mr. Bryce upon this same subject, in his veloped into it — being noted, the essayist then 1 - American Commonwealth": " To the peo- 324 THE DIAL [Jan., - - -- -- ----- - - --- - ple we come sooner or later ; it is upon their constitutionalist students, both in and out of wisdom and self-restraint that the stability of Switzerland ; and, no serious objections to its the most cunningly devised scheme of govern- i operations there having been developed, there ment will in the last resort depend.”. are not wanting advocates of a more general Switzerland, as the best example in modern use of the Referendum in America than has history of the continued preservation by a peo been our custom. ple of their free institutions, furnishes the The history of Swiss democracy begins with broadest basis for comparison with the Amer the Perpetual League of 1291 between the ican constitutional order. It was a gracious three Forest Cantons which had not even then recognition of the success of our system, when achieved their independence, their pact con- in 1848 the mountaineers of the Alps gave up firming them in obedience to their overlord, the attempt of centuries to perpetuate a league and in submission to appointed judges, provided of small free states, and organized themselves such judges were neither imported nor corrupt. into a Federal Republic. Their amended con The accomplishment of independence, and the stitution of 1874, assimilating them in some progress toward nationality, as portrayed in respects more closely to the American model, these treatises, have all those elements of ro- readily became the leading object of American mance which are inherent in the very thought scrutiny, when the approaching centennial of of the Switzer's free life. The two volumes our constitution awoke the new zeal for insti are so dissimilar in arrangement that they sup- tutional study. Several translations of that plement each other, and may well be read to- constitution having been published in this coun gether. Mr. Vincent's work is the smaller try, followed by numerous magazine articles and more compact of the two, more summary illustrative of Swiss political methods, public in form, and more ready of reference. Mr. interest will now be aroused to welcome the Winchester, more diffuse in style, and less pure two elaborate treatises whose titles are given in in diction, is more full in details, and his pages the foot-note. Both these authors write con abound in descriptions of manners, customs, amore. Mr. Winchester has the advantage and ceremonies. Especially interesting are his of several years' official residence in Switzer- description of the Landsgemeinde, the ancient land; while Mr. Vincent writes at Johns popular assembly of the Forest Cantons, and Hopkins University, surrounded by the volumes his account of the operations of the Referen- of the Bluntschli Library, which open to him dum. In economics, he has chapters on Edu- their wealth of historical and constitutional cation, Technical Schools, Industry, and Com- suggestions. merce. Then, going beyond the dry sciences, The political status of Switzerland, as here he has consulted the popular taste in describ- unfolded, must enlist the sympathy of all Amer | ing at some length the peasant home-life and icans who may read either of these volumes. the natural scenery of Switzerland. Without Through the disciplinary experiences of centur the fear of John Fiske before his eyes, he wages ies, her independent cantons have advanced to a knightly warfare in support of William Tell the point of adopting Federalism, though still as a historic personage. He finds confirmation hesitating to assume the extreme position held strong of the Tell legend in the very air and by American nationality. Local or cantonal scenery of the Lake of Uri, in the local tradi- self-government yields to the Federal authority tions, and in the loving credence with which only so much of power as is extorted by ne- the Swiss still hold to the legend ; the wide- cessity. The constitution of 1874 created a spread pride in the record of Tell's patriotism Federal Supreme Court, which lacks much of and heroism being, in his view, an integral the measure of jurisdiction given to the Amer- part of the Swiss national character. ican tribunal, one marked distinction being Dr. Iyenaga, a Professor of Political Science that the power to declare a law unconstitutional in Japan, contributes to the Johns Hopkins is wanting, and the Federal Legislative As- series a monograph, in which, in a few pictur- sembly remains the judge of the question of esque touches, he sketches the circumstances constitutionality. The spirit of Alpine demo which led up to the recent establishment of a cracy holds fast to that peculiar institution, the constitution in Japan. The movement pro- Referendum, and under this new constitution ceeded on lines both political and non-political. its operations have been extended to Federal The visit of Commodore Perry, in 1853, with legislation. This novel application of a demo- his war vessels and a demand for commercial cratic principle is being watched closely by intercourse, awoke Japan from the lethargy of 1892.] THE DIAL 325 - --- ages. There was “a spontaneous agitation of changes which lapse of time wrought. Many the whole body politic when the nation was elements combined in building up the new in- irritated by the sudden contact with foreign dependent life of the cities. The church did ers.” Politically, this agitation caused an in its part; it furnished, at an early day, the only vestigation into the government of the Shogun, asylum for those oppressed by the tyranny of resulting in the overthrow of that venerable the overlords, and the location of the large and despotism and the return of the Emperor to influential churches in the cities thus aided the personal power. Socially and industrially, as growth of the latter. Bishops and churchmen well as politically, it provoked individual activ- by degrees became judges of the plaints of ity and thus led to individual independence. burghers and peasants. The privilege of select- Religious and literary revivals assisted. For- ing municipal judges, at first a privilege only, eign examples, once observed, proved contag grew to be regarded as a right. Gradually ious. The idea of representative government the city came into prominence as an organic did not spring forth like Minerva, full pano part of the state. Thus it was the natural plied; it grew from the foundation of voluntary development of institutions which originated conferences of the leading men of the empire, in convenience and expedieney, that restored but it grew so rapidly that in 1881 the Em- the Italian cities in time to a degree of inde- peror's proclamation promised the establish- pendence exceeding that which the Lombard ment in 1890 of that parliament which has just invasion destroyed. The beginnings only of placed Japan in the category of constitutional this development are traced in Dr. Williams's governments. Dr. Iyenaga has evidently made pamphlet. much study of comparative constitutionalism, The thesis of Professor F. M. Taylor, of the and he is fully committed, by his observation University of Michigan, which has been pri- of this oriental example, to the view that the vately printed, is an original examination of idea of free representative government is not the problem of - The Right of the State to the property or birth right of any race or nation, Be.” The subject is severely and perhaps ex- but that the seed of that government “is im haustively analyzed ; the paper, after some planted in the very nature of human society," useful preliminary definitions, proceeding to and that when the necessary conditions obtain discuss, step by step, “ The Reality of the in any nation, “ when the military form of so Problem” and “ The Problem Defined," then ciety transforms itself into the industrial, then to criticise the various “ Previous Solutions of the representative idea of government springs the Problem,” all stated in a minute analysis, forth naturally and irresistibly, and no tyrant, after which the author's theory is first stated, no despot, can obstruct the triumphal march and then by a few brief arguments confirmed. of liberty.” Such enthusiasm for freedom He attributes the ultimate human prerogative must greatly influence the generation of young of government to collective man, or to man as Japanese who are under the instruction of organized in a community. This is not the Iyenaga in the Tokio Semnon-Gakko. simple community theory. The departure from Dr. Williams, in his brief account of “The that theory is insisted upon. Society, or com- Communes of Lombardy,'' traces quite clearly, munity, as such, can have no prerogative to and with much fulness of explanation, the pro govern, for “ Society is only an abstract or gress of the cities of Lombardy, from their thought totality.” It is only to individual origin as Roman municipia, through the eras man that the prerogative can be attributed of of Lombard conquest and Frankish dominion, coercively insisting upon a conformity to the to the tenth century, when the cities began to jural order. Primarily, therefore, * adequate assume their modern form of independent au prerogative coercively to maintain the jural tonomy. He dismisses the idea that this ideal belongs to every person.” But second- autonomy was an inheritance direct from the arily and practically, the prerogative is to be municipium. The Teutonic hatred of city life exercised and the coercion applied by collective led the Lombards, like their Teutonic brethren man — i. e., the bulk of those persons acting who conquered other lands wherein cities had together because they are better fitted to the grown up, to abolish municipal government duty than is any one individual or any less and make the towns tributary to the larger ter number. In other words, “ the prerogative of ritorial governments of the great overlords. associated man is higher than that of man act- The autonomy of the cities, thus lost, was re ing in isolation,” and is the highest of all gained only by means of the constitutional possible human prerogatives.” This idea of 326 [Jan., THE DIAL “associated man,” as distinguished from “ com Perhaps there is nothing more interesting or munity,” indicates the advance taken by the instructive in this volume than the case of the author's theory. The advantage claimed is sloop "Active." It illustrates in a striking and that of basing the governmental prerogative dramatic way the contrast between the weakness on the absolute rights of man, as man. “While of judicial proceedings under the Revolutionary the prerogative of men acting separately is government, and the strength of such proceed- high, and that of men acting in private associa ings under the Constitution. The sloop was tion is higher, that of men acting through the condemned as a prize by the State Admiralty community is highest of all.” The community Court of Pennsylvania. An appeal was taken theorist may say that this is but stating his by Gideon Olmstead to Congress, and the view in another form. But if a larger number Standing Committee of Appeals reversed the can agree upon the theory as newly stated, this decision of the State court. The State court will abundantly justify the attempt at new refused to recognize the authority of Congress, definitions, conceding that this is all the essay and thereupon the Committee declared that they ist has in fact aimed at. In concluding his were unwilling to resort to any summary pro- thesis, he argues in confirmation of his theory ceedings, lest consequences might ensue danger- that it, more satisfactorily than any other, ex ous to the peace of the United States. After plains the historical problems of (1) assertions | the adoption of the Constitution, Olmstead filed of the right of private justice, (2) the hero, or a libel in the District Court for the district of the beneficial exercise of despotic power, (3) | Pennsylvania, and obtained a decree in his the right of revolution, (4) the rightful use of favor. After the decree, the Legislature of force in government, and (5) diversities in the Pennsylvania passed an act requiring the holder forms of just government. of the prize money to pay it over to the State, JAMES (). PIERCE. and for the protection of such holder against any process issuing from a Federal court. Thereupon Judge Peters, of the District court, CARSON'S IIISTORY OF THE SUPREME refused to grant an attachment. Olmstead COURT.* then applied to the Supreme Court for a man- As this is the first published history of the damus to compel Judge Peters to execute the United States Supreme Court, it is unfortunate | decree of his court, which was granted. that it is not in a more readable shape. Very “Service of the attachment was resisted by the State few persons, we fear, will ever turn the pages militia under General Bright, who had been called out by the Governor, under the sanction of the Legislature. of this huge and unwieldy volume, unless to The Marshal retired, naming a day for the service of look at the pictures. And yet it is full of mat- the warrant, and summoned a posse of two thousand ters of interest, not merely to the lawyer, but men. The Governor appealed to President Madison, to every student of the history of our national begging him to discriminate between factious opposition government. The work is divided into three to the laws of the United States, and resistance to the decree of a judge founded on a usurpation of power, parts. The first part is occupied with a sketch but Madison replied that he was not only unauthorized of the abortive attempts to form a Federal court to prevent the execution of a decree of the Supreme by the Revolutionary and Confederate govern Court, but was specially enjoined by statute wherever ments. The second part gives an account of the any such decree was resisted to aid in its enforcement. The State then beat a retreat. The Legislature appro- various plans for a national judiciary presented priated money to pay the decree, and Olmstead, after a to the Constitutional Convention, and the discus- struggle for justice which had lasted thirty years, ob- sions which led to the adoption of the article on tained the fruits of his valor. But the conflict had not the judiciary, and the debates in Congress on ended. General Bright and his men were brought to the Judiciary Act of 1789. The third part con- trial, for forcibly obstructing Federal process, before Mr. Justice Washington, and after a sharp contest were tains a history of the Supreme Court, chrono- convicted and sentenced to fine and imprisonment. logically arranged, with sketches of the lives These were remitted by the President on the ground of the judges ; and portraits of the judges, that the prisoners had acted under a mistaken sense of etched by Max Rosenthal and Albert Rosen- duty, but the priceless principle had been established that the Constitution and laws of the United States thal of Philadelphia. were the supreme law of the land, and that the judges * THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES: Its His in every State were bound thereby, anything in the tory, by Hampton L. Carson, of the Philadelphia Bar; and Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary not- its Centennial Celebration, February 1, 1890. Prepared under withstanding.” (P. 214.) the direction of the Judicial Centennial Committee. Phila- So little business came before the Supreme delphia : John Y. Huber ('ompany. (Chicago: W. W. Hayne, Lakeside Building.) | Court during the first years of its existence 1892.] 327 THE DIAL indicial office, sent 45. While The graveurt was that the TELL. that, to a man ambitious of distinction, a seat of another State, led to the adoption of the upon the bench offered little attraction. Ac Eleventh Amendment to the Constitution, pro- cordingly, during that time it was not deemed hibiting such suits. It is a little singular that improper for a judge to accept a political ap in none of the opinions of the judges in that pointment, while retaining his seat upon the case is the fact alluded to that in “ The Feder- bench. Jay, the first Chief Justice, was, with alist” the opinion is expressed that such a suit out resigning his judicial office, sent as special could not be maintained. envoy to England. Oliver Ellsworth, while The gravest charge ever brought against the continuing to act as Chief Justice, was sent as Supreme Court was that the Court was packed Minister to France. John Marshall was ap for the purpose of reversing the original de- pointed Chief Justice while he was Secretary cision in the Legal Tender cases. By simply of State, and for a few weeks performed the arranging the facts in the case in chronological duties of both offices. No such union of polit order, Mr. Carson has skilfully exposed the ical and judicial duties would now be tolerated. falsity of this charge. (P. 449, note 2.) Nothing has done so much to preserve and The most serious blemish we have discovered strengthen public confidence in the Supreme in this book is on page 6, where it is stated Court as the fact that the judges confine them that the compensation of the judges cannot be selves strictly to their judicial duties. The increased during their continuance in office. only decisions which have excited a hostile L. H. BOUTELL. public sentiment are those like the Dred Scott case, and the Legal Tender cases, in which it ---- - ----------- was believed the judges were controlled by SOME RECENT MEMORIAL VOLUMES.* political opinions. Joseph Neesima was one of the leaders of After the resignation of Ellsworth, John the great revolution which has recently and Jay was a second time appointed Chief Justice. with such marvellous rapidity metamorphosed In view of what the Supreme Court has been and has done during the past hundred years, | Pagan Japan into Christian Japan, and her it hardly seems possible that Jay should have hereditary despotism into a free and enlight- used the language he did in declining the ap- ened government. When a youth, urged by the movings of a spirit which he scarce under- pointment : stood, he escaped from his native country and I left the Bench perfectly convinced that under a system so defective it would not obtain the energy, worked his way to America, where he hoped weight, and dignity which was essential to its affording to gain an education and study the doctrines due support to the national government; nor acquire of Christianity. A kind Providence brought the public confidence and respect which, as the last re him to the notice of Mr. Alpheus Hardy, a sort of the justice of the nation, it should possess. Hence I am induced to doubt both the propriety and expedi- wealthy Christian merchant of Boston, who ency of my returning to the Bench under the present determined to educate him. Young Neesima system.” passed successively through Phillips Andover Such language seems the more surprising Academy, Amherst College, and Andover The- when we remember the vigorous manner in ological Seminary. During his stay in America which the Federal judges refused to comply he became deeply imbued with the spirit of with the provisions of an Act of Congress Christianity, and his desire became intensified of 1793 making them Commissioners of Pen- to return to Japan and carry the Gospel to sions, and declared that neither the Legislative his countrymen. The opportunity came, and nor Executive branches could constitutionally * LIFE AND LETTERS OF Joseph HARDY NEESIMA. By assign to the judiciary any duties but such as Arthur Sherburne Hardy. With portraits. Boston: Hough- ton, Mifflin & Co. were properly judicial, and to be performed in Austin PHELPS: A Memoir. By Elizabeth Stuart Phelps. a judicial manner ; that the duties assigned With portraits, etc. New York : Charles Scribner's Sons. were not of that description, and that neither ESSAYS AND MONOGRAPHS by William Francis Allen: A the Secretary of War, nor any other executive Memorial Volume. With portrait. Madison, Wis: David B. Frankenburger. officer, nor even the Legislature, were author- William HENRY RAY: A Memorial. By Henry W. Thurs- ized to sit as a Court of Errors. ton. With portrait. Cambridge : The University Press. A decision of the Supreme Court in 1793, ROBERT CARTER : His Life and Work, 1807-1889. With in Chisholm's Executors vs. Georgia, that a portrait. New York: A. D. F. Randolph & Co. LIFE OF BENJAMIN Harris BREWSTER: With Discourses State could be made a party defendant, in the and Addresses. By Eugene Coleman Savidge, M.D. With Supreme Court, at the suit of a private citizen portrait Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co. 328 THE DIAL [Jan., = - =- he seized it eagerly. With a boldness and de- tent that brought him untold suffering where votion which can hardly be appreciated now, less refined natures would scarce feel a pain. he went to Kyoto, the centre of Japanese pa At the age of twenty he had completed both ganism, and there established a Christian uni his collegiate and theological course, and was versity. His labors knew no limitations of settled as pastor of the Pine Street Church in space, and missions which soon became influ Boston. At the end of six years he was called ential centres for the extension of Christianity to the chair of Sacred Rhetoric and Homilet- were started in all parts of the country. He ics in Andover Seminary, a position which he met with great opposition, and even persecu filled with honor for nearly forty years, until tion ; but he never faltered from his purpose, an incurable malady rendered it impossible for and before he died he had the satisfaction of him to perform its duties longer. His devo- seeing the new university prosperous and pop- tion to his work, and his pure and loving na- ular, and of knowing that he had made his in ture, made him both an influential instructor fluence felt throughout the length and breadth and a valued friend to the young men who of his native land. Professor Hardy's sketch came under his care. At home, in the semi- of the life of this interesting character is one of nary, and in the world, he was always the same those rare biographies which appeal so strongly courteous gentleman and unselfish friend. Ilis to all that is noblest and best in humanity as labors were not confined to the lecture-room. to utterly disarm criticism. It is the simple, In his wide circle of friends no wedding was straightforward, intense treatment of a char complete where his tongue did not proclaim the acter which was neither brilliant nor remark solemn union, no funeral service consolatory able, save for perfect devotion to elevated and where his words of comfort were not heard. unselfish ends. It is mainly made up of Mr. He was often called upon to preach in other Neesima's letters and extracts from his jour churches, great and small, far and near, and nal, and is therefore preëminently a life-record. there were no vacant pews when it was an- In his own simple and expressive phrase, and nounced that he would fill the pulpit. Besides with childlike ingenuousness, he reveals the all this, he found time to write and publish a secrets of his inner life and the motives which number of books which have had a wide circu- actuated him. Such glimpses into the depths | lation. The Still Hour" is his best work. of a pure and intense personality are not often and probably the best-known. afforded. Professor Hardy has resisted all | The memorial volume to William Francis temptations to digress, and has focussed every Allen, of the Wisconsin University, is mainly light upon the subject of the sketch, so that devoted to a few of his more important mono- his personality stands out on every page. graphs and essays, preceded by a short bio- It would be hard to pay a more beautiful graphical sketch. Professor Allen was one of tribute to a great and good man than that con the great American educators. He was an tained in the volume which issues from the pen indefatigable student, an able and inspiring of Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, in commemoration teacher, and a useful man in church and society. of her father, Professor Austin Phelps. The Ilis character was such that his biographer book is written in a peculiarly graceful style, could say of him : and is evidently inspired by the deepest love Like the good Ben Adhem, he loved his fellow-men. and reverence. The writer has said nothing but and so added to the sum of human joy that were every- one to whom he did some loving service to bring a blos- good of the dead, because there was nothing som to his grave he would sleep beneath a wilderness else to say. There is a tone of pathos running of sweet flowers,' He was a type of the coming man, like a minor chord throughout the book, – a hint of the day when justice and culture and beauty the result, in part, of the deep and touching and reverence shall dwell in their fulness among men." heroism of the man who bore so patiently the Professor Allen was a busy man, as the heavy burden of suffering and disappointment; closely-printed bibliography of twenty-eight and, in part, of the great grief of the daughter, pages shows; yet he left no extended work as whose wound bleeds afresh as she reviews the a memorial of his learning. It is to be deeply loved and loving life of which she has been so regretted that his time was so fully occupied recently bereft. Such a story of such a life as to preclude the possibility of his doing this. cannot help being a power for good in the Could the more important results of his long world. Professor Phelps was a man of rare and patient study and research have been re- ability and devotion to his life's work. As a corded in permanent form, they would have boy he was precocious and sensitive to an ex- ! been invaluable. The somewhat bulky me- 1892.] THE DIAL 329 . - - - - morial volume contains a number of his essays to the class-room alone. At his desk, on the and monographs, which are written in an easy, playground and street, and in the home, he was graceful style, and exhibit broad scholarship the warm friend of each and all of his pupils and exact knowledge. His work was largely and manifested in them so deep a personal in- in historical studies, entering such fields as terest that their confidence in him was un- Greek history and philology, mediæval and bounded, and they trusted and loved him as modern history, Germanic history, military an elder brother. His labors were not con- art, history of religion, politics, etc. His con fined to educational circles. In the church and tributions to periodical literature were numer in society, or wherever he could do a good deed, ous and valuable. It is said that “ The Nation” he labored with a soul devoted to the work in contained something from his pen in every is hand. It is of this man that Mr. Henry W. sue from its fourth up to the time of his death. Thurston, who knew him as a friend and who He was a constant contributor to THE DIAL, was associated with him as a teacher, has pre- whose pages contain many clear and discrimi pared a memorial volume with a loving care nating criticisms from his pen. His character that betokens a thorough appreciation of a is well summed up in these words : manly character. The book includes a memo- - A man of varied, exact, and broad scholarship. A rial sketch, with selections from and a biblio- teacher of creative power and original methods. A wise, graphy of Mr. Ray's writings, and is altogether sincere, and generous friend. A citizen active and effi a beautiful and valuable work, one to be prized cient in all movements for education, reform, and phi- | not only by those directly interested in the lanthropy. A lover of flowers, poetry, and music.". subject, but also by all who would learn a lesson It is seldom that a man dying at the age of of cheerful service and noble living. Mr. Ray thirty leaves behind him so splendid a life left behind him no lengthy literary work, but record as William Henry Ray, whose name is his busy mind, turning rapidly from one sub- known in educational circles throughout the ject to another, produced many lectures, ad- country, and is almost a household word in the dresses and papers, which are worthy of pres- state where the main part of his work was ervation. Among the more noteworthy of his done – Illinois. Born, in 1857, in Vermont, papers are an essay entitled - Russia in Asia,” the sturdy strength of character and uncompro published in “ The Atlantic Monthly" for mising integrity which is the gift of the moun April, 1887; an historical monograph on tains to their children were his, developed by George Rogers Clark, which embodied much the stern discipline of poverty. At the age of original research ; " The Public School and fifteen, after graduating from the Academy at Citizenship,” a paper read before the Illinois Norwich, he entered Dartmouth College ; but State Teachers' Association ; “ The Teacher," owing to the necessity of paying his way by a paper read before the students of Beloit teaching, he did not finish the course until a (Wis.) College. He was a frequent contri- year after his class, graduating in 1873. On butor to educational journals, and appeared leaving Dartmouth, he determined to devote often upon the lecture platform in his adopted his life to teaching. When not quite twenty, state. He was altogether a remarkable char- he was appointed Principal of McCullom In acter; and though his years were few-hardly stitute in Mt. Vernon, N. H.; was later Super more than constitute the youth of the average intendent of Schools in Yonkers, N. Y.; then, man,- he made an impression on the world leaving his native state, he came west to take which will be lasting, and left a name which the position of Superintendent of Schools and is a bright spot in the lives of all who came in Principal of the High School in Waukegan, contact with him. Ill., which position he held for two years, when The name of Robert Carter is a not unfa- he was chosen Principal of the High School in miliar one in book-publishing circles on both Hyde Park, Ill. With this school his name is sides of the Atlantic. The eldest son of a poor closely associated by those who knew him best Scotch peasant, he early conceived aspirations in the West. As a teacher, he was almost for a higher and nobler life than his humble unique ; his work was original and of the very surroundings offered. By hard work and earn- highest character. Though thorough and ex est study, he gradually prepared himself for a acting, he was filled with an irrepressible en position as teacher; but, becoming discontented thusiasm which soon pervaded his pupils and with the lack of religious tolerance in his native led them on to the best work of which they land, he emigrated to America, where he entered were capable. Nor were his efforts confined | upon his chosen work. After a time, an op- 330 THE DIAL [Jan., - - - -- -- - -- - - - portunity offered for securing a small stock of entasse " plays with.” He treats verve as if it were books; he purchased them and opened a book already English. He uses the word “ unbelievable," store, and thus began, in a modest way, the which had, indeed, Udal's authority in the sixteenth business which eventually developed into a | century, but “incredible" is the modern substitute. large and influential publishing-house. His These are trifles, but vexing trifles. They all ap- | pear in a single essay, on comparing it with the life was a remarkable one, from any point of original text. Still, substantially the translation is view. His religion was so intense as to enter trustworthy, the more so that M. Scherer's own into all his business and social relations, so style is somewhat deficient in charm. One reads pure and spiritual as to consecrate his life to him for substance. There is not often a fluttering the noblest ends. aroma above his sentences which refuses to be caught Benjamin Harris Brewster is one of the and conveyed into another tongue. It is what Mr. stateliest as well as quaintest figures in Amer- Saintsbury justly describes as well-nourished and ican politics. He was a man of many-sided robust,” not delicate and evasive criticism. So he character whose activities reached out into di- regards it as “particularly well-suited for English verse and widely-extended fields. A lawyer of reading at the present day.” He does not say for American reading. Our native wits are nimbler, commanding ability and unerring judgment, a and less patient, perhaps, with sensible common- politician and statesman, a profound scholar, places. If the phrase may be suffered, they have he was also a prominent figure in social and “ been there" before. M. Scherer's essays in this religious circles. Mr. Brewster was a busy volume are at first a little disappointing. They man, and his latest biographer, Dr. Eugene touch with appreciation important works and men, Savidge, has found it difficult to compress his but have little fresh light to throw upon Shakespeare story within the limits of a single volume. In or Milton, Sterne or Wordsworth, George Eliot or reading the book, there is a feeling of disap- Thomas Carlyle. There is not much that strikes pointment that the biographer has not given one in them, save that a Frenchman should know his English so well. They are sober verdicts. There more attention to the man himself and less to is no effort after brilliancy nor success in attaining the events with which he was connected. Every it. A finer master, while no more seeking it, had student of American history, we might say I oftener happened upon it. His form and color every newspaper reader, is already sufficiently would have been as just and true, but now and then familiar with the --Star Route" and "Guiteau” his lights had sparkled and his color been warmed trials. The public would welcome a more ex to a richer glow. Such graces M. Scherer habitu- tended and personal analysis of Mr. Brewster's ally neglected. His taste was austere. He com- life than that contained in the volume given plains, in an essay not included in this volume, that us by Dr. Savidge. " the distinctive note of modern art is exaggera- tion,” that we are “ fallen on the days of Alexan- CHARLES WALLACE FRENCH. dria and Byzantium after Athens. It is Lucan after Virgil ; Juvenal, not to say Martial and Pe- tronius, after Horace.” He praises, in a paper on BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. M. Greard, his future biographer, the qualities he himself possessed, “ the mutual interpenetration of In his translation of Edmond Scherer’s - Essays character and talent; not a word for effect; all on English Literature” (Scribner), Mr. George well thought and well said ; everywhere moderation, Saintsbury frankly informs us that his author in his justice, propriety ; writing marked by sound sense life-time did not wholly compliment his translator's and extreme fitness of phrase; thought too serious work; and hence Mr. Saintsbury rather plumes for shouting and frolicking, ioo just and subtle not himself on his humorous revenge in presenting to ensure a fine expression ; the sentiment restrained the dead critic to an English public. M. Scherer and the conviction firm.” The worth of M. Scher- would doubtless be touched by the generosity and er's studies to the American reader lies less in their yet shiver a little at some details of the process. He contents than in their methorl. They are admirable would miss the full equivalent of his own strong, examples of appreciative criticism. Their author correct, dignified French.” The translator tells us is not flashing prisms, nor touching off pinwheels. that Shakespeare "went back on his works," but He is endeavoring to throw colorless light. He he is M. Scherer said that he returned to them or revised loves to be reasonable, and even ventures on occa- them. The translator speaks of “the impersonality sion to be dull. of his [Shakespeare's] theatre,” which is good French but bad English for his plays. He speaks TO MOST readers of to-day, Leigh Hunt is a re- of “a too sharp change" in the evolution of the mote classic, unfamiliar as Arbuthnot or Steele. characters, “one, so to speak, effected on the Hence anything that recalls him to the memory of stage,” where M. Scherer has “a change too abrupt older readers, or introduces him to the acquaintance and, so to speak. too noticeable.” He translates | of younger ones, in our clumsier and duller days, is 1892.] THE DIAL 331 - -- -- -- - - - --- - - welcome and worth while; and Mr. Charles Kent, gentleman of that day, and makes his point good. in his recently published “ Leigh Hunt as Poet and But that is rather a melancholy sort of vindication. Essayist” (Warne), deserves our gratitude. Already Rodney was a good sailor and a good fighter, and a quarter of a century since, the fourth edition there the matter ends. He was satisfied to be a of Bartlett's “ Familiar Quotations” contained but | place-man in the House of Commons at the price two extracts from Hunt's voluminous writings-not of the usual amount of flunkeyism to a patron, and very living then, and certainly quite dead and gone to hold for six years the governorship of Green- now. To-day, “ Jenny kissed me when we met," wich Hospital with his back turned on all the mon- - Write me as one that loves his fellow men," and strous abuses of its management. He was not the the phrase that Lord Beaconsfield did not disdain man to wish to reform anything — even the extrav- to borrow, “ The critic is often an unsuccessful au agant habits which made him run away from his thor," would perhaps replace them in public memory. creditors, and which once turned the “ Admiral of Leigh Hunt lacked the compact pith of style which the White" into an auctioneer of plunder. But his ca- turns naturally to epigrams and weights single lines reer is interesting to Americans as that of one who with intensity of meaning. Some writers concen esteemed our forefathers piratical rebels, and who trate light like the diamond ; others diffuse it on all gave a good many hard thumps to our allies the sides like the sun. One cannot easily offer samples | French. It is also of large importance as a part of the sunshine ; yet it is warm to bask in, all the of the history of the English navy, and Mr. Hannay same, and there is often a lingering after-glow. has handled his subject with this larger interest ever Perhaps Leigh Hunt's charm is a little faded to-day. | in view. We get suggestive glimpses of the condi- His “easy delightfulness ” is hardly susceptible of tions under which trade was carried on in the eight- revival. There are many pleasant pages, however, eenth century; of the continuous naval warfare in in Mr. Kent's book, and much delicate and thought both the Indies which filled that century, spite of ful criticism. And the man himself was a poem, treaties of peace; of the press-gang system, and of not an epic nor a tragedy, but a sonnet, a rondeau, the beef-bread-and-beer fare which preceded grog a villanelle. He was a factor in the literary renas and anti-scorbutics. But best of all, we get a most cence of the Victorian period. His verse awakened satisfactory explanation of the why and wherefore Byron's muse. Keats dedicated to him his earliest of naval warfare which the ordinary histories do volume. He stood as the nearest friend beside Shel not afford. In them, from Green's one hundred ley's funeral pyre. He supped with Lamb and pages to Lecky's eight volumes, the eighteenth cen- dined with Haydon, and was in close association tury fighter at sea merely - marched up hill and with Hazlitt. He drew the fire of Lockhart and then marched down again.” Here we learn why, Gifford and Kit North, and went on singing. Dick " in the old sailing days," an antagonist of England ens caricatured him on the same page with Savage could not get out of the English Channel without Landor, but pronounced him the very soul of following the Armada around Scotland; why the truth and honor." Carlyle, with small tolerance Lesser Antilles were the gates of the West Indies, for minor poets, detected Leigh Hunt's brilliant and what their strategic value was in our Revolu- varied gifts and childlike open character.” Hunt tionary period ; why the English navy could out- was first to prick pinholes in that magnificent infla- fight the French; why “ breaking the line” in the tion, that “ Adonis of fifty,” George Prince Regent, great battle off Dominica in 1782 revolutionized the and won the honor of being among the last Martyrs methods of naval warfare sanctioned by a century of the Freedom of the Press in England. He paid of custom, and led to the victories of Nelson. We his penalty by making a rosy paradise out of New- cannot agree with the biographer that Rodney was gate Prison, singing there with full-throated mirth justified in his passion, when in an earlier engage- like a linnet in a cage, chirping and fluttering his ment he tried this new manoeuvre and was foiled wings with such incongruous guests to perch be by his captains not following. They could hardly side him as Jeremy Bentham, Mary Lamb, Lord be expected to understand a signal which for a cen- Brougham, and Tom Moore. He lived long and tury had meant something very different. A Nelson was loved well. He wrote essays and novels, plays, or a Farragut would have posted them beforehand. poems, and criticism, each clever of its kind and Rodney does not belong in the first rank. Nor is successful in its time. He told his own story in a Mr. Hannay right in saying that the “ line-of-battle” cheerful autobiography, which, a little rashly per- formation came in with the Revolution of 1688. haps, his editor would place beside Lockhart's Scott James of York introduced it in 1665, and Monk's and even Boswell's Johnson. He was whimsical, victories were won by it. freakish, sparkling, genial, careless with “a sweet neglect" more taking “than all the adulteries of art.” We welcome a third edition of Mahaffy’s “Greek Classical Literature” (Macmillan ), not because it In his recently-published life of Admiral Rodney : contains much that is new, nor because it is to be (Macmillan's - Men of Action”), Mr. David Han i implicitly trusted as a guide, but because the author nay has not been able to make Rodney an interest- | always knows how to invest whatever he writes with ing character. He tries very hard to show that his a certain interest which stimulates thought in the “man of action ” was no worse than the average reader. This may be illustrated here by his strik- 332 [Jan., THE DIAL ing but probably fallacious comparison between the under the title of “ English Composition.” Not- Greek satyric play and the English pantomime. withstanding a few obscurities in sentence structure, Mahaffy's distinction is that of the brilliant writer, the treatise as a whole is admirably clear and ex- the man of original ideas, rather than that of the plicit. It will impart few new facts and perhaps patient recorder of the results of investigation. no new precepts. Indeed, the author would dis- Unfortunately, no one can now do original work countenance anything like a rigid adherence to pre- along the whole line of ancient Greek life and liter | cepts. To him, as to all who have risen to a worthy ature, and our author has not even kept fully abreast conception of the province of rhetoric, there is in it of the recent investigations in special lines. He is i no question of absolute right or wrong, only a ques- in conflict with many of the best scholars in think | tion of better or worse. That in matters of style ing, with Paley, that our present Homeric text is the author should sometimes admit the worse when “ not older than the age of Periklês” (a name which it would be easy to find the better, can occasion no Mahaffy, inconsistently, also spells Pericles ), as surprise. Such criticism may be passed on any well as in his estimate of Pindar. In treating of man and any book. Only here the temptation to dramatic competitions, the antiquated notion is still pass it is greater than usual. It is the peculiar mis- retained that the tripod was the prize of the drama ; fortune of him who ventures to write upon the art whereas it belonged to the dithyramb, which has of writing, to find his own tests applied most rigor- been shown, as is here virtually admitted, to have ously to his own work. To be more specific, we no connection with the drama. It seems rash to do not like, for instance, Professor Wendell's trick assert that tragedy “was perfected by a single of reiteration. Sometimes it is a favorite word, as genius” ( Æschylus); for, though Aristotle does “subtile,” that becomes obtrusive; sometimes, a not mention Thespis, in regard to whom Mahaffy cunningly-wrought phrase, as the eternally imma- says, “ All our authorities are agreed that he was terial reality of thought and feeling”; more fre- really the originator of this kind of poetry,” yet quently it is some principle which he desires to im- more credit ought surely to be given to Phrynichus, press. In the last-named case, repetition and insist- who served as a model to Æschylus as well as to ence are distasteful alike to the teacher, who does the later tragedians. In his appreciation of Eu not need them, and to the student, who may feel ripides, we find our author more in harmony with that his intelligence is underrated. It is a hammer- recent criticism. Touching this poet, indeed, he ing-in method of procedure that smacks overmuch abandons the traditional English view, to take up of the routine pedagogue. But such faults as these, with that of the Germans, whom he repeatedly ridi which after all are unessential, may be pardoned cules but as repeatedly follows. He assigns to the for the lively charm and substantial worth of the Alcestis a very definite place, making it a kind lectures themselves. The book is not a text-book. of substitute for the satyric play of the tetralogy, The ordinary rhetorical treatise, with its intricate and calling it a melodrama, or tragedy with comic divisions and subdivisions of the subject, is here elements. Thus he makes Euripides realize in him simplified and unified, and is presented in such a self what, we are flippantly told, “ Plato hazards as way as to attract the general reader as well as the a mere drunken fancy," namely, the compatibility specialist. Whoever has occasion to use the pen of tragic and comic genius blended in one poet, as will find here--something more than the proverbial it is in Shakespeare. No "curious and very comic pleasure and profit — a keen delight and a whole- dialogue is, however, interrupted by the entrance some inspiration. of Heracles," as Mahaffy asserts, for the entrance of Heracles comes immediately after an ode sung IN “ Theodoric the Goth” (Putnam's “ Heroes by the chorus. The two volumes of the present of the Nations "), Mr. Thomas Hodgkin has intro- edition correspond to Volume I. of the edition issued duced, with slight exceptions, no materials with by the Harpers in 1885, and the amount of new which the readers of his monumental work on “Italy matter is less than might appear from the difference and her Invaders ” have not already become famil- in form. After $ 50, several new paragraphs have iar. The only additions are a brief account of the been inserted, on the Homeric discussion ; Appendix re-conquest of Italy by the generals of Justinian, B, on the date of the Odyssey, has been given its and a final chapter on - The Theodoric of Saga." place in the body of the work; perhaps a dozen But in re-writing, in half its original size and under new notes have been added, and as many biblio- a new title, his “ Ostrogothic Invasion,” Mr. Hodg- graphical references to recent works ; the introduc- kin has given us one of the best monographs in tory paragraph ($ 160) on the drama has been re- the English language. While the careful scholar- written ; and a fragment of the Antiope of Euripi- ship of the original work is reproduced here in a des (identified by Mahaffy) is cited. Beyond this beautiful and handy volume, there is a proportion- there has been nothing that could be called revision. ate and artistic treatment which the larger work lacks. The great German who so thoroughly as- At the Lowell Institute, Boston, in 1890, Pro similated the civilitas of Rome is the unifying as fessor Barrett Wendell of Harvard gave eight lec- well as the distributing principle of the whole book, tures on the elements and qualities of literary style. and he has been happy in the fate which made him They are now published by Messrs. Scribner's Sons / wait so long for a biographer. The character and 1892.] 333 THE DIAL --- - aims of Theodoric, the decaying empire, the official and artistic pen-drawings. Mr. Loftie's book is not life of the Romans, the political bearings of Arian- written from the usual emotional standpoint. In- ism, the work of Cassiodorus and of Belisarius, are stead of a record of the feelings stirred within him all delineated in chapters superior to any that Mr. by the literary and historical associations of the Hodgkin has previously written. The life of The venerable pile, he gives us what is more to the pur- odoric has been finally written in English. Only pose — a concise, full account of the growth of the once or twice do we question the narrative. The Abbey from its rudimentary germ, and a detailed judgment on Theodoric is too lenient in the matter description of its divisions and precincts. The au- of the ruin of Boethius, and there is too much con- | thor's critical judgment is quite unclouded by his jectural identification of a corslet unearthed at Ra- patriotism. In the chapters on the monuments venna in 1854 as that of Theodoric. The illustra and epitaphs, he delivers himself in a way that re- tions adorn the book, and the maps are generally minds one of the unsparing frankness of Matthew excellent. We wonder, however, that so accurate Arnold. Of the sculpture he says: “ There are a historian should print Rome and Carthage and some fifty portrait statues in the church, and up- Constantinople on fifth century maps, especially wards of sixty recumbent effigies, and of all that since he once prints Constantinopolis. Alaric is immense number it would be safe to say that not printed for Attila on page 24, and the battle of more than a tithe is worthy of the situation. ... Tolbiac is given on page 189 as 486 A.D. instead No theory that I am acquainted with will account of 496. The final chapter is condensed from the for the number and completeness of the failures." Wilkina-Saga, and is a fitting finish to so fine a As to the epitaphs, Mr. Loftie is no less severe: piece of work. “ It is a curious fact that though the church con- tains the inscribed tombs of many generations of THE “ Latest Literary Essays and Addresses" Englishmen eminent in politics, war, literature, re- of the late Mr. Lowell (Houghton) add a seventh ligion, and the arts, the number of the epitaphs volume to the prose writings of our great scholar worth repeating for their own sakes does not exceed and poet, and give us a new portrait as frontispiece. half a dozen." The volume is evidently the fruit The volume includes the essay on Gray, which we of scholarly research and carefully-weighed conclu- wondered not to find in the earlier voluines ; the sion, and it merits close perusal. paper on Landor, written for the “ Century "maga- zine; that on Walton, written for a recent edition 1 MR. HENRY CABOT LODGE's volume on "Boston" of the first of piscatorial classics ; a wise and sug- follows Mr. Roosevelt's “ New York” in the series gestive essay on “ The Progress of the World,”. of - Historic Towns” (Longmans ). Mr. Lodge being the introduction to a work upon that subject; į has used the abundant material contained in the a short study of Milton's “ Areopagitica,” which “ Memorial History of Boston," and has supple- we recommend to Miss Agnes Repplier especially, mented it by the recently published diary of Judge and to others generally; the address given be- Sewall and by the results of his own studies in the fore the Modern Language Association in 1889; Colonial and Federalist periods. The result is a and a graceful essay on Shakespeare's “ Richard very good account of Boston, tracing its history III.,” dated 1883, and stated to have been read be- from the beginning to the present, and describing fore the Edinburgh Philosophical Association. It briefly the various features of its life at different was probably not worth while to mention the fact epochs. Emphasis is laid upon the Puritan char- that this essay was also read before a Chicago acteristics of the town, which still survive, not only audience in 1887 ; such mention might have aroused in the public spirit of the people and their devotion humiliating memories of the way in which essay to reform, but also in their love of respectability and reader were received upon that occasion. Some and their mild intolerance of differences of opinion things are best forgotten, as far as it is possible to - an intolerance of which Mr. Lodge has had some forget them. This volume is, of course, a distinct experience in the course of his political career. The and lasting addition to our literature, although but book is generally accurate, and will be useful to one of the essays, the “Gray,” can quite take rank those who desire a history of Boston that is at once with those other studies of English poets which ac | brief, clear, and interesting. count for so large a share of Mr. Lowell's fame. But Mr. Lowell's scraps are weightier than the Prof. JAMESON'S - History of Historical Writing * works” of other men, and there is no page of this in America” (Houghton) is a very readable little collection that is not precious. book of 160 pages, containing four lectures by the author on the subject indicated by the title. The A REVISED second edition of Mr. W. J. Loftie's first lecture presents the historians of the seven- exhaustive historical and descriptive volume on teenth century, the second those of the eighteenth, “ Westminster Abbey” is issued by Messrs. Mac the third leads up to the Civil War, and the fourth millan & Co. The work is profusely illustrated treats of the historical writers since the Civil War. with woodcuts after old prints, photographic repro- The book is issued in neat form, and is an excellent ductions of notable tombs and monuments, and with guide for anyone desiring to collect a library on forty-two engravings from H. Railton's charming | American history. 334 [Jan., THE DIAL - - - ------- -- - --- TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. BOOKS OF THE MONTH. January, 1892. [The following list includes all books received by THE DIAL Allston, Washington, Correspondence of. Scribner. during the month of December, 1891.) Aluminium. (Illus.) J. W. Richards. Cosmopolitan. Austro-Hungarian Capitals. (Illus.) W. Singer. Harper. ILLUSTRATED GIFT BOOKS. Ballot, The Secret. J. B. Bishop. Forum. Colonial Furniture of New England: A Study of the Do- Bayreuth Revisited. H. E. Krehbiel. Scribner. mestic Furniture of the 17th and 18th Centuries. By Birds and “ Birds." Edith M. Thomas. Atlantic. Irving Whitall Lyon, M.D. Illus., fto, pp. 285, uncut. Bokhara. (Illus.) Henry Lansdell. Scribner. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $10.00. Books of the Year, The Best. North American. The French Revolution. By Thomas Carlyle. Illus. with Boston. Ralph Waldo Emerson. Atlantic. 60 photogravures and a portrait of Carlyle. In 3 vols., Boxing. D. L. Dawson. Lippincott. 8vo, gilt tops. Porter & Coates. In box, $8.00. Brazil and its late Crisis. Courtenay De Kalb. Forum. The Alhambra. By Washington Irving. “Darro Edition," British Columbia. (Illus.) Julian Ralph. Harper. with 31 photogravures and special Moorish border designs Brussels Treaty. Lambert Tree. Forum. in red and gold. In 2 vols., Svo, gilt tops, uncut edges. Burr's Conspiracy and Trial. W. S. Drysdale. Harper. Dodd, Mead & Co. $6.00. College Girls. Annie P. Call. Atlantic. Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life among the Lowly. By Har- Columbus Portraits. (Illus.) W. E. Curtis. Cosmopolitan. riet Beecher Stowe. New holiday edition, illustrated by Comédie Française. (Illus.) W. F. Apthorp. Scribner. E. W. Kemble. In 2 vols., 12mo, gilt tops, rough edges. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.00). Constitutional Studies, Recent. J. 0. Pierce. Dial. Crime and Law. Frederick Smyth. Scribner. Cranford. By Mrs. Gaskell. With a preface by Anne Thack- eray Ritchie. Illus. by Hugh Thomson. 12mo, pp. 2008, Custer's Last Battle. (Illus.) E. S. Godfrey. Century. full gilt. Macmillan & Co. $2.00. Del Sarto. (Illus. by Cole.) W. J. Stillman. Century. The Princess of Clèves. By Madame de la Fayette. Trans- Donkey-Boys of Egypt. (Illus.) E. H. Blashfield. Scribner. lated by Thomas Sergeant Perry. With illustrations by Educational Values. J. W. Jenks. Educational Review. Jules Garnier. In vols., 16mo, gilt tops, rough edges. Farmer's Discontent. J. R. Dodge. Century. Dodd, Mead & Co. $3.75. Fencing in Paris. (Illus.) Chas. De Kay. Cosmopolitan. Stories from the Arabian Nights. 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By William Martin Conway. 12mo, pp. 189, Planets, Communication with. M. Guillemin. Pop. Science. meut. Macmillan & Co. $1.25. Politeness. Amelia E. Barr. Lippincott. The Evolution of Sculpture. By Thomas Davidson, M.A. Political Parties in America. F. W. Hewes. Chautauquan. The Evolution of Painting. By Forrest P. Rundell. Political Situation. Atlantic. Nos. 13 and 14 in Appleton's "Evolution Series." Each, Pope and Future of Papacy. F. II. Geffcken. Forum. paper, 10 cts. Population and Distribution, C. D. Wright. Popular Science. Preludes and Studies: Musical Themes of the Day. By Pottery Industry. (Illus.) E. A. Barber. Popular Science. W. J. Henderson, author of "The Story of Music.” 12mo, Railway Fast Time. Theo. Voorhees North American. pp. 213, gilt top. Longmans, Green & Co. $1.25. Reporters at Washington. (Illus.) T.C. Crawford. Cosmopol. Richter and his Portraits. (Illus. i M. Thompson. Chautauquan. BIOGRAPHY LYD MEMOIRS. Salon, The. (Illus.) M. R. Nobili. Cosmopolitan. 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An exhaustive research into the decis- cloth, S2.25. ions of the courts concerning the right to regulate hours and The author of this work has undertaken, in a clear, con modes of labor and methods of payment. cise, untechnical way, to supply the large class of intelligent THE STORY OF A STRANGE LAND. (Illustrated.) By dog owners and breeders, and veterinarians, with the infor- mation necessary for the proper care, management, and treat- President DAVID STARR JORDAN. A delightful account ment of the dog in health and disease. His well-known rep- of how the hot-springs and lava-cliffs of the Yellowstone utation as a writer and lecturer on human and veterinary Park were formed, and what the finny inhabitants of its physiology, his special study of canine diseases, and his long lakes and streams have experienced. experience as a breeder of dogs, insure a thorough and cor- , URBAN POPULATION. By CARROLL D, WRIGHT. Facts rect handling of the subject. and figures about the increase of the slum population in cities. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.-- THE PIANO-FORTE. “AMER- Now Fragments. ICAN INDUSTRIES." XII. (Illustrated.) By DANIEL SPIL- LANE. Describes the development of the piano, and shows By Joux TYNDALL, F.R.S., author of " Fragments of how this country has reached its high position in the piano Science," “ Heat as a Mode of Motion," etc. 12mo, manufacture. 500 pages, cloth, $2.00. OTHER ARTICLES ON Among the subjects treated in this volume are: “The STILTS AND STILT-WALKING (illustrated); ELECTRICITY IN Sabbath,"? " Life in the Alps," “ The Rainbow and its Con RELATION TO SCIENCE ; NATIONALIZATION OF UNIVERSITY geners," "Common Water," and " Atoms, Molecules, and EXTENSION; Is MAN THE ONLY REASONER? AN EXPERI- Ether-Waves." In addition to the popular treatment of sci MENT IN EDUCATION, II.; HOMELY GYMNASTICS; NEW entific themes, the author devotes several chapters to bio- OBSERVATIONS ON THE LANGUAGE OF ANIMALS; RECENT graphical sketches of the utmost interest, including studies of OCEANIC CAUSEWAYS; THE UNIVERSE OF STARS ; SKETCH Count Rumford and Thomas Young, and chapters on “ Louis Pasteur, his Life and Labors," and " Personal Recollections OF WEBER (with portrait). of Thomas Carlyle. Fifty Cents a (opy. Five Dollars a Year. For sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent by mail, postpaid, on receipt of price, by the Publishers, D. APPLETON & CO., 1, 3, & 5 Bond Street, New YORK. THE DIAL CONTENTS, - --- -- --- Vol. XII. FEBRUARY, 1892. No. 142. and interest to Hogarthians proper, - com- - -- — prises a complete admirably-arranged “ Biblio- graphy of Books, Pamphlets, etc., relating to Hogarth and his Works” (108 titles in all), a “ Catalogue of Prints by, or after, Hogarth," HOGARTH AND HIS WORK. Edward Gilpin · Johnson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345 and a “ Catalogue of Pictures by, or attributed to, Hogarth.” In point of illustration the pub- THE COMPLETION OF A LITERARY MONU- MENT. Melville B. Anderson ....... 318 lishers have been commendably liberal. There SPANISH INFLUENCES IN AMERICAN TERRI- are twelve full-page photogravures of excellent TORY. Arthur Howard Noll ....... 319 quality, and forty-six wood engravings. The subjects are, on the whole, well chosen, though STUDIES IN CHAUCER. Oliver Farrar Emerson . 331 we venture to suggest that had one of the serial CONDUCT BY PRECEPT. Edward Playfair An- compositions—say the “ Marriage à-la-Mode,” derson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 of which two plates are presented—been given RECENT BOOKS OF POETRY. William Morton entire, it would have served the better to illus- Payne ................ 355 trate Hogarth's peculiar bent and talent as a BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS .......... 361 pictorial narrator. Hall Caine's The Little Manx Nation. -- John Mor- ley's Studies in Literature.-Henry Morley's English In his " appreciations” of Hogarth's work, Writers, Vols. 6 and 7.- Krehbiel's Studies in the Mr. Dobson is especially good. For one clear- Wagnerian Drama. - Mrs. Edmands's Zimmer's The headed critic there are always fifty ingenious Irish Element in Medieval Culture.- Margaret Mor- ley's A Song of Life.- Markham's Life of Sir John ones — the natural vanity of showing one's own Franklin.- Roche's The Story of the Filibusters. literary paces usually proving too strong for Daniell's Life of Bishop Wilberforce.- Saint-Amand's the obvious advantages of Goethe's excellent Marie Antoinette and the Downfall of Royalty:- Johnson's English Words.- Curtis's From the Easy rule,“ den Gegenstund fest zu halten.” And Chair. - Cook's Shelley's Defense of Poetry.- Hig- in Hogarth's richly suggestive drawings, satu- ginson's The New World and the New Book.-John- son's Studies, Literary and Social.--Adams's With rated everywhere with latent significance and Poet and Player.-Hill's Writers and Readers. innuendo, there is peculiar temptation to inter- TOPICS IN FEBRUARY PERIODICALS .... 365 pretative guess-work; they speak to us with a BOOKS OF THE MONTH .......... 345 thousand tongues, as it were, and over-sympa- thetic critics like Hazlitt, and, in a lesser de- gree, Lamb, have certainly viewed HOGARTH AND HIS WORK.* in Hogarth More than Hogarth knew.” A concise, trustworthy narrative of the life of William Hogarth, the founder (in so far as Mr. Dobson, in his exposition and criticism he was the first to unconstrainedly express him- of these unique productions, seems to us to self in the national manner) of English paint- hold the proper medium. He is sympathetic ing, embodying a complete account of his works yet self-contained ; he can feel, yet his pocket- in their chronological order with suitable ex- handkerchief is not always at his eyes ; in planatory matter and comment, is certainly a short, he honestly tries to light up his subject, desideratum ; and for such a work we are to and abstains from the tempting and compara- thank Mr. Austin Dobson. As stated in the tively easy method of translating his own sen- preface, the volume is the amplification of a sations and parading his own acumen. Let us smaller book published more than ten years | warmly acknowledge sincerity and plain speak- since in the “Great Artists " series ; the Me- ing when we find them. moir (Part I.) having been entirely re-written From more than one point of view William except the introductory chapter, and much new Hogarth may be cited in support of the adage matter incorporated, with the effect of extend that genius tramples upon rules. From the ing it to more than double its original length. first he was at war with the conventions of Part II.,— which will prove of especial use connoisseurship and academical pedantries, and no considerable artist certainly ever owed less * William HOGARTH. By Austin Dobson. With Illus- | to accumulated technical laws and traditions. trations, after Paintings by Hogarth. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company. | The rudiments of his art, — indeed, the ability 346 [Feb., THE DIAL to draw intelligibly the human features, an eye, of a fresh and vigorous naturalism. But it is an ear, a nose, a mouth, and to mould these neither by his achievements with the graver component parts into a presentable whole,-he nor by his skill with the pencil that Hogarth acquired at the Academy in St. Martin's Lane; holds his unique position among painters ; it but the street, the tavern, the public gathering, is by virtue of his dramatic talent and his na- was his real school — the school in which he tive earnestness and sincerity, backed by a attained that marvellous dexterity in seizing rare tact which directed him to the true field the facial expression, the attitude, the action for the display of his peculiar gift and acquire- of the moment; the power ment. He was but subordinately an artist ; “ To picture Passions, and thro'skin he was a moralist, a narrator, and he cared to Call forth the living Soul within," be nothing more. Herein lay his strength, which is his prime artistic merit. Early cast and herein, according to the conventions of ing aside all academical work, he gave himself Continental taste -- concisely embodied in the up to the study of the human physiognomy maxim, “ A painter ought before everything when animated by passion, letting slip no op- to be a painter, and the finest subjects' in portunity of studying character and manners, the world are not worth a good piece of paint- and invariably jotting down with a few rapid | ing," — lay his weakness. strokes of his pencil on thumb-nail or scrap of Hogarth's distinctive bent and talent may paper the face or gesture that attracted him. perhaps be best realized by comparing his more An anecdote from Nicholls will illustrate : important works with the genre paintings of “During his apprenticeship he set out one Sunday the Dutch or the Flemish schools, to which, in with two or three companions on an excursion to High- respect to their purely artistic quality and gate. The weather being hot, they went into a public- choice of subjects drawn from everyday life, house, where they had not been long before a quarrel arose between some persons in the same room, in which they bear a close affinity. One finds in them one of the disputants struck the other on the head with the same precision of pencil, the same literal a quart pot, and cut him very much. The blood run- | mirror-like rendering of characters and mise- ning down the man's face, with the agony of the wound, en-scene, the same evidence of minute personal which had distorted his features into a most hideous grin, presented Hogarth, who showed himself thus early observation of contemporary manners. In each apprised of the mode Nature had intended he should the purely antiquarian value is unimpeachable. pursue,' with too laughable a subject to escape the pow “ It was reserved,” says Walpole, “ to Ho- erful efforts of his genius. He drew out his pencil and garth to write a scene of furniture. The rake's produced on the spot one of the most ludicrous figures that was ever seen.” levee-room, the nobleman's drawing-room, the It is also related that one day, when Hogarth apartments of the husband and wife in • Mar- was strolling with a friend near some low neigh- riage à-la-Mode,' the alderman's parlor, the poet's bed-chamber, and many others, are the borhood, they saw two tipsy girls quarrelling. One of them, suddenly filling her mouth with history of the manners of the age.” Mutatis gin, spat it in the eyes of the other. “Look, mutandis, the comment applies equally to Dutch look !" cried Hogarth, in ecstasy, at the same work of the same artistic genus. And yet, seen time making a rapid sketch of the scene. This closer, what a world of difference there is be- he afterwards introduced into a picture (Plate tween the literal Englishman and his no less III. of “ The Rake's Progress ") in which he literal transpontine compeers — if, indeed, has depicted the fearful spectacle of the vices Hogarth can be said to have compeers at all. of London. Alluding to his chosen method Exact truth is the presiding genius in both; of study, the painter himself wrote: but where the Fleming or the Dutchman has “Instead of wearying my memory with antiquated finished speaking, Hogarth has only begun. precepts, or tiring my eyes with copying paintings in- The former is an artist pure and simple, an jured by time, I have always found that to study Na adept in the handicraft of deceptively repre- ture herself was the best and safest course that one senting objects on a flat surface; Hogarth is, could take in order to acquire a knowledge of our art.” as said, but subordinately the artist; he is pri- The advantages and the disadvantages, to a marily the narrator, the moralist. He declared: man of great natural powers, of such a curri “I wished to compose pictures on canvas, similar to culum are patent. While Hogarth's work is representations on the stage; and farther hope that they lacking in the grace and refinement, the dig will be tried by the same test, and criticised by the nity of conception, the high imaginative style same criterion.... I have endeavored to treat my subject as a dramatic writer; my picture is my stage, of the great masters, his art is, on the other and men and women my players, who by means of cer- hand, quickened with the antithetic qualities tain gestures and actions are to exhibit a dumb show." 1892.] 347 THE DIAL To the intelligibility, the manifold dilation an act,- was precisely the field which Hogarth of the chosen topic of this “dumb show,” every determined to cultivate. If you do this, that thing, the meanest detail, is contributory. At will follow, and that, and that, was to be his the marriage of “ Tom Rakewell,” in “ The eminently English theme. What the poet, the Rake’s Progress,” to the elderly heiress in dramatist, the satirist had done with words, he Mary-le-bone Church, we note that the Creed was to do with colors. Touching the expedi- on the wall has been destroyed by damp, and ent by which the ingenious painter contrived that a crack runs through the Ninth Command to incorporate the time element into his work, ment. In the midst of the appalling desolation — the employment of a sequence of logically of - Gin Lane" the church alone is handsome connected canvasses,- Mr. Dobson says: and well-ordered — and passive ; and in “ In “ Apart from the supposition that the necessity for dustry and Idleness” the plank npon which devising some connecting link between the figures in his wayward , Tom Idle" plays at 6 half-penny 'conversation pieces' had suggested the extension of that comection from one canvas to another, it would be under-the-hat” lies between him and the grave. of considerable interest if we could learn what fortunate These are true Flogarthian touches. In his accident of inspiration suggested this particular idea to canvasses nothing is thrown away, nothing is Hogarth. The relating of a tale or biography by means added merely to show that the painter could of pictures was not new, witness the life of St. Bruno by Le Sueur which Walpole and Gray saw in the Con- paint; the most trivial object is made to am- vent of the Chartreux at Paris. But Hogarth, unless plify, with eloquent tongue, the central theme. we misread him greatly, knew no more of Le Sueur The scattered, incoherent, exquisitely-painted than of St. Bruno." details and accessories — the pewter pots, fid Whatever may have been the origin of the ex- dles, ornaments, weapons, utensils — of a Ten- pedient, there is no question as to its success. iers or a Van Mieris, are with Flogarth trans- In that first grim picture-chronicle, - The Har- formed into the words of a coherent narrative ; lot's Progress," we are shown, step by step with sometimes a pungent satire on current social the pitiless logic of nature, the six acts, six or political follies, oftener a scathing sermon chapters, six pictures, as you will, comprising on deeper and more enduring deformities. The the sad drama of luckless “ Mary Hackabout"; Dutchman paints, for instance, a cobweb so the swift descent of the raw country-girl from exquisitely that you involuntarily try to brush the early snare of the London procuress, through it away. You are pleasantly deceived, you ex a Martin's Summer as the mistress of a rich ult in the skill of the artist, and that is all. Jew, to “ Captain Macheath” and Drury Lane, Hogarth must needs add a new element; and -to Bridewell and beating hemp,—to Disease he paints his cobweb over a poor-bor. Even and Death, — to a shameful funeral and a for- in politer ages than his, poor-boxes sometimes gotten grave. bear such fruit. How rapidly Hogarth’s fame spread after No one certainly has ever carried art so far the publication, in 1731, of this first series, into the neighboring domain of literature as may be gathered from a passage in Swift's Hogarth has ; no one has so successfully and “ Legion Club” (1736), in which he thus ad- ingeniously evaded its material restraints. Les dresses the satiric painter: sing, in his famous examination into the limita- “How I want thee, humorous Hogarth! tions of poetry and of painting, “The Laocoon," Thou, I hear, a pleasant rogue art. Were but you and I acquainted, maintained with irrefragable logic that “ suc- Every monster should be painted : cession of time is the department of the poet, You should try your graving tools as space is that of the painter "'; that hence it On this odious group of fools; Draw the beasts as I describe them ; should be the special concern of the latter, see- Form their features, while I gibe them ; ing that he can only make use of a single Draw them like, for I assure ye, moment,” to choose that moment well. You will need no car'catura ; Draw them so that we may trace “Subjects whose wholes or parts are consecutive are All the soul in every face." called actions. Consequently, actions are the peculiar It is scarcely necessary to point out that the subjects of poetry. “ Subjects whose wholes or parts exist in juxtaposi- general tone of these bitter lines implies that tion are called bodies. Consequently, bodies with their the gloomy Dean misconstrued Hogarth. It visible properties are the peculiar subjects of painting.” was not upon humanity that the painter made In a word, the painter, if he be wise, will not war; it was upon its follies and vices. He has attempt to narrate. But narration — the show- also pictured the consequences of its virtues. ing, step by step, the logical consequences of EDWARD GILPIN JOHNSON. 348 THE DIAL [Feb., = -= -= -- -- -- THE COMPLETION OF A LITERARY it is worth while to call attention to the im- MONUMENT.* portance of the humble, unobtrusive labor of In September, 1889, I reviewed at consider- | the proof-reader in a great dictionary, whose able length the first volume of the Century very mistakes, if mistakes there be, are likely Dictionary, and since then THE DIAL has had to be taken by so many readers as authoritative occasion to notice the succeeding volumes at and exemplary. A good deal of scrutiny of regular intervals. The sixth and last volume every one of these volumes still leaves me in is now before me. Everything about this great doubt as to the existence of a single proof-read- work is impressive, — its size, its elegance, its er's blunder in the entire work, — for the credit- accuracy, its modern and scientific character,-- ing of a sentence from Bacon to Dr. E. A. but perhaps most impressive of all is the fact, Abbott at p. 2007 (Vol. II.) can scarcely be which we should deem incredible did we not laid to the proof-reader. As an illustration of see it, that the last beautiful volume reaches the perfection to which the art of printing has us well within two years and a half from the been carried, and of the way in which that art time when we received the first. From the and the sister art of wood-engraving can be printer's point of view alone, the production of made to second the vaster efforts of the human seven thousand pages of faultless typography, intelligence, this dictionary may well take its with an artistic illustration for every page and place among the most interesting industrial a thousand besides, is a considerable achieve exhibits at the next World's Fair. And when ment. It means for every working day the one considers the number of special talents setting and resetting, the engraving, the elec that have here found play, the amount of co- trotyping, the manifold proof-reading, of ten operative intellectual labor here represented, three-column pages of exceedingly complicated the astonishing learning here disbursed, the typography, including a dozen delicate cuts, to number of knowledges here garnered, and last- say nothing of the nice press-work and the ly the spirit of unity, order, and proportion hundred other mechanical processes requisite discernible throughout, one may well doubt before the printed sheets can be set up on end whether the World's Columbian Exposition in the form of a princely book. The regular will contain any single exhibit more creditable production of ten newspaper pages a day in to American scholarship. volves no small amount of skill and vigilance, In the present volume I have remarked few though this is an achievement with which the features that distinguish it from the preceding public has grown perhaps too familiar ; but the ones. To this there is, however, one notable difference between a newspaper page and a exception,-i. e., the reprint of the list of page of the Century Dictionary is, typograph amended spellings recommended by the English ically speaking, like the difference between a Philological Society and the American Philo- sum in the Rule of Three and a problem in the logical Association, accompanied by a brief higher mathematics. To carry on mechanical but effective note on Spelling Reform from work of this flawless character with unfailing Professor Whitney, from which I quote the fol- speed and unvarying regularity, week after lowing interesting paragraph :- week, month after month, year after year, until “The reformed orthography of the present, made with a book is produced containing two-thirds as scientific intent and with a regard for historic and pho- much matter as the Encyclopædia Britannica, netic truth, is more worthy of notice, if a dictionary is an industrial achievement of the first order. could discriminate as to worthiness between two sets of facts, than the oftentimes capricious and ignorant ortho- In my successive notices of this great work graphy of the past. It need not be said in this diction- I have attempted to deal with all its leading ary that the objections brought on etymological and features, so that a comprehensive review would literary and other grounds against the correction of En- now involve needless repetition. The principal glish spelling are the unthinking expressions of ignor- thing that remains to be emphasized is, that ance and prejudice. All English etymologists are in favor of the correction of English spelling, both on ety- this stupendous store of accurate and accessible mological grounds and on the higher ground of the information is now complete and purchasable. great service it will render to national education and Referring again to the typographical feature, international intercourse. It may safely be said that no competent scholar who has really examined the question * THE CENTURY DICTIONARY : An Encyclopedie Lexicon of the English Language. Prepared under the Superintend- has come, or could come, to a different conclusion; and ence of William Dwight Whitney, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor it may confidently be predicted that future English dic- of Comparative Philology and Sanscrit in Yale University. tionaries will be able to recognize to the full, as this die- In Six Volumes. New York: The Century Company. (Me tionary has been able in its own usage to recognize in part, Donnell Brothers, Chicago.) the right of the English vocabulary to be rightly spelled.” 1892.] 349 THE DIAL The most superficial observer cannot fail to with the present tendency, as inexplicable as it be struck by the great space given to zoölogical is unreasonable, to skip the era of Burke and and botanical definitions and to the accompany- Johnson ; while the reading for the nineteenth ing illustrative cuts. The question as to the century has been characterized rather by breadth accuracy of these definitions — often expanded than by wise selection. Who, for instance, is into long articles - I must, of course, leave to John Ashton, or Father Cyprien de Gamache, the proper authorities. Of another scarcely or the translator of Lotze's “ Microcosmus," less prominent feature I am able to speak with that he should be repeatedly quoted in a great more confidence. It has been said that this is dictionary? the first dictionary by which Shakespeare can But I must not weary the reader with de- be read. This statement may be true: I have tails. He who considers too curiously will find not tested it; but I am prepared to believe flaws even in this noble work. It would not that the reader of English literature will only be difficult for a critic with blood in his micro- in exceptional cases find this dictionary at scopic eye to draw up a very pretty bill of fault with reference to the vocabulary of any particulars against the Century Dictionary. writer from the time of Chaucer to the time As a dictionary, its chief draw back doubtless of Lowell. A good example of the liberality lies in its very fulness and consequent bulk. with which words from older English literature It contains so much that is attractive that one are illustrated is found in the treatment of the had need be very single-minded not to be di. three obsolete congeners, treyet, tregetour, tre verted by the way from the object of search. getry. Under the first there are three quota All in all, however, it seems likely to prove tions, two from the “ Holy Rood," and one the most useful and accurate of reference- from the translation of the “Romaunt of the books ; at least, I know of no other work con- Rose” ascribed to Chaucer; under the second, taining so much compendious and apposite in- two quotations, one from Lydgate, and one of formation both as to words and as to things. ten lines from Chaucer ; under the third, two MELVILLE B. ANDERSON. quotations, one from the Destruction of Troy” and one from the “ Romaunt of the Rose." In printing these quotations from older authors, SPANISH INFLUENCES IN AMERICAN the rule is to follow the orthography of the TERRITORY.* MSS. or of the original editions ; but to this In the year 1783 Spanish territory in Amer- an exception is sometimes made, as in the case ica reached its greatest extent, and included, of the long quotation of sixteen lines from of what now constitutes the United States of Langtoft's Chronicle, under trailbaston. Eliz- America, all the land west of the Mississippi abethan literature is illustrated with equal ful- River and all east of that river south of the ness ; thus, in the eleven and a half columns northern boundary of Florida. In 1795 Oregon devoted to the verb take, there are some sixty was lost to Spain, to become subsequently the quotations from Shakespeare, Bacon, Ben Jon- subject of dispute between the United States son, Spenser, Sidney, Fletcher, and other con- and Great Britain, until definitely secured to temporaries. Under the same verb there are the former by the boundary treaty of 1846. some forty quotations from books earlier than Louisiana, then a tract of nearly 900,000 square Elizabeth (including Child's ballads) ; nearly miles, bounded by the Mississippi River, the as many from books of the period between Rocky Mountains, and the British Possessions, Elizabeth and the Restoration (e. g., Milton, ceased to be a possession of Spain in 1800, Howell, Jeremy Taylor, the Bible); somewhat and three years later was sold by France to the fewer from the eras of Dryden and Addison ; United States. In 1819 Florida was ceded fewer still from the eighteenth century proper; directly to the United States. Two years later, and from the whole nineteenth century some Mexico, after a long struggle with Spain, es- eighty quotations, or about as many as from tablished an independent government. Texas, the sixteenth century. This example may suf- declaring her independence of Mexico in 1836, fice to indicate the comparative distribution of was annexed to our country in 1845 ; and fi- quotations. nally, by the terms of the treaty of Guadalupe- The reading for quotations has evidently Hidalgo in 1848, and the Gadsden purchase been most critically done for periods prior to * SPANISH INSTITUTIONS OF THE SOUTHWEST. By Frank the Restoration ; the eighteenth century has W. Blackmar, Ph.D. (Johns Hopkins University). Baltimore: been comparatively neglected — in accordance | The Johns Hopkins Press. 350 THE DIAL [Feb., ~ -- o - -- -- ----- of 1853, the remainder of the former Spanish the study of his subject and the exactions of a possessions within the present borders of our busy university life. The imperfections of the land — including California, Nevada, Utah, author's work are not so numerous as this would Arizona, New Mexico, and a large part of Col- seem to imply, and such as are most apparent orado, — was added to our domain, fixing the to the reader have their source in the long list boundary between the United States and Mex- 1 of “ authorities consulted," appended to the ico as at present. Much of the vast territory book, and showing the author's reading to have thus coming into the United States directly or been extensive, though to have overlooked some indirectly from Spain had been colonized while books which would have been of great benefit under Spanish control,— to what extent can to him in the prosecution of his studies. Had be determined by locating upon a modern map he, e.g., instead of (or in addition to) reading the towns retaining their distinctly Spanish Bandelier's charming attempt at an archæo- names, ranged in an irregular crescent extend- | logical romance, read that author's “ Archæo- ing from San Augustine and Pensacola in Flor- logical Reconnoissance into Mexico," and some ida to Bodega in California. These towns con- of his reports to the Peabody Museum, he would sisted, in the former days, of missions (distin- have been able to describe more accurately the guished from the others by their religious social and political organization of the Indians names), of presidios, and pueblos, founded and of the Southwest, and would have gained much maintained under the Spanish colonial laws, additional light upon his general subject. And and hence traceable by a very circuitous route now and then there may be detected in his work back to the Roman Municipia of Cæsar's day too implicit a reliance upon an author, who for their origin. proves upon examination to have been a hasty The Anglo-American colonists from the East, traveller and superficial observer, whose ill-ad- upon rushing into this newly-acquired country, vised generalizations have been given to the found it subject to a system of laws and to world, - precisely the kind of “authority” customs purely Spanish and derived remotely which the careful student of history should from Rome. They found, furthermore, Span- avoid. In the history of California the author's ish laws and customs too deeply rooted to be studies have been apparently exhaustive, but at once supplanted by the systems brought from his knowledge of Mexican history is not as the East, and they acceded to the necessity of thorough as it should be for a proper handling building up a system of jurisprudence for the of his subject, and that is the probable cause new country upon a basis already established. of an occasional error — like that in the name Thus it was that a new element was intro- of the Viceroy Luis de Velasco, contracted to duced into our complex civilization ; and this Luis de Vasco (p. 223). An error in the element is no longer to be ignored by the stu name of a Spanish grandee is quite excusable, dent of our American institutions. Too large however, in an American writer, and that which an extent of territory is affected by it, for the Dr. Blackmar makes in the name of the fifty- future historians of America to overlook it. second Viceroy (1789–94) is amusing enough And now, as never before, through the labors to have emanated from an English humorist, of Dr. Blackmar, the means of paying due re- and is worth repeating here. This energetic gard to this Spanish influence upon our insti- j and eccentric ruler bore the musical name of tutions are made accessible to the general stu Juan Vicente Guemes Pacheco de Padilla, and dent. Dr. Blackmar's long residence in Cali the title segundo Conde de Revillagigedo,-- fornia and his extensive studies have borne rich that is to say, the second count of Revillagigedo. fruits in a volume of 344 pages, treating of the Dr. Blackmar refers to him (p. 336) as the Roman Origin of Spanish Institutions, Spanish | Viceroy Revilla Gigedo, and on the following Colonization, the Mission System, Spanish Co- page as simply “Gigedo," — evidently assum- lonial Municipalities, Presidios and Presidialing that to be his patronymic which was really Towns, the Social and Political Life of the | but the last portion of his title of nobility. Colonists, the Land System, and other cognate Dr. Blackmar's book is Extra Volume X. subjects, and throwing much light upon the po- of the Johns Hopkins University Studies in litical and social history of the Southwest. The Historical and Political Science; and it is to author disarms criticism by stating in his pre- be hoped that the other numbers of the series face that the book is far removed from his own are as valuable as this. But it is also to be ideal, and attributing its “many imperfections” hoped that they are put forth in a style better to the necessary division of his time between suited to their contents; for the outward ap- 1892.7 351 THE DIAL pearance of this volume is not prepossessing, ing with commendable temperance the natural and falls far short of conformity in dignity to desire to make too much of one's hero. As the subject or its literary treatment. Its bind- an evidence of his fairness may be cited the ing appears to be the work of a novice in the lengthy discussion of the poet's birth. In this, art, and the repetition of the title upon the every argument for the date 1340, so commonly front cover in full-face lower-case letters gives accepted, is given its full force, although with the book the appearance of a trade price-list ; equal care are stated the many indications that while the attempt to repeat on the front cover a somewhat earlier date may be the true one. the title of the series to which it belongs results One noticeable feature of this chapter is the in “ Historical and Political Science in Stud- way in which incorrect statements are traced ies," as though it were a Spaniard's first effort to their sources, thus allowing each reader to at English translation. The Johns Hopkins judge for himself of the value to be put upon Press should either abandon the attempt to do them. It may be disappointing that no new its own bookbinding or else secure the services facts are added to Chaucer's life ; but, as the of more intelligent workmen and with better author points out, new facts can be obtained taste. ARTHUR HOWARD NOLL. only by the most painstaking examination of past records, with the possibility that years of search may not reveal anything of value. On the whole, therefore, this treatment merits STUDIES IN CHAUCER.* great praise for its attempt to give the exact There has been no more important contribu-l facts known, unadulterated and unembellished tion to Chaucer literature in this country for by culpable conjecture. many years than the three volumes of Chaucer 1 The Chaucer Legend, as it is called, follows studies by Professor Lounsbury of Yale. In- the same laborious method as in the previous deed, outside the texts by the Chaucer Society chapter, every mis-statement in regard to Chau- no such extensive contributions have appeared cer being followed to its fountain-head in con- on either side of the water, great as has been jecture, in unfounded assertion, or in the mis- the interest in Chaucer study of late. The interpretation of some previous biographer's volumes include eight monographs on points luckless paragraph. This is destructive critic- . of importance in the life and work of Chaucer, ism, yet the reader must admire the persistency the larger number being historical in treatment, of the effort, even if he sometimes wearies of departing somewhat from the original intention the continual sarcasm hurled at the unwary bi- to embody the latest researches on all Chaucer ographer of the father of English poetry. But questions. Professor Lounsbury also warns the work has been well done, and one feels us, in the Introduction, that he differs consid- secure in the beliefs established as in the over- erably from the opinions of most scholars; but throwal of that which is false. One early source apart from his opinion on - The Romaunt of of Chaucer fable is here given for the first time the Rose" these differences are not so much in English dress, Leland's Latin biography in new views as in the correction of mis-state- of the poet being now first translated by Pro- ments. The essays deserve special mention, fessor Lounsbury. Leland's is a nažre piece also, because they are not the dilletante work of work, full of inaccuracies and puerile in its of popular periodicals now re-issued, but, fresh artlessness. Both naïveté and inaccuracy may from the workshop of the scholar, they give be best shown by quoting a few lines at the evidence on every page of scholarly investiga- / beginning of this remarkable biography: tion. “Geoffrey Chaucer, a youth of noble birth and high- The first two chapters deal with the life of est promise, studied at Oxford University with all the Chaucer, the real and the legendary. The life earnestness of those who have applied themselves most is treated in a way somewhat unique among diligently to learning. The nearness of that institution biographers, and especially among biographers was in a measure the motive that induced him to resort thither; for I am led by certain reasons to believe that of our older poets. It neither attempts to es- Oxfordshire or Berkshire was his native county. He tablish conjectures that are attractive rather left the university an acute logician, a delightful orator, than probable, nor does it try needlessly to an elegant poet, a profound philosopher, and an able overthrow well established data. Professor mathematician.” Lounsbury is fair and impartial, while restrain- | It is hardly necessary to point out that scarcely * STUDIES IN CHAUCER. By Thomas R. Lounsbury. In a single fact here set down has the remotest three volumes. New York: Harper & Brothers. foundation in truth. 352 [Feb., THE DIAL The title of the third study, “ The Text of the spuriousness or genuineness of a given Chaucer,” inight lead us to expect some new work. The reason for devoting so much space interpretations, some elucidation of cruces, or to this becomes apparent in the third part, some critical comments on the numerous allu especially in considering the authorship of sions in Chaucer. But the author's plan has “ The Romaunt of the Rose.” In the second been different. We have, instead, an histor part the historical treatment predominates, as ical account of the text, and of the various | in the chapters already mentioned. Not only editions, with critical estimates of their value. is a list given of everything at any time attri- For the general reader this is admirable, and buted to Chaucer, but the manner in which perhaps more valuable than the other. We each was first published, together with its sub- are here furnished with what may be called a sequent history, is stated in full. I history of the interest in the poet, as shown by The third part of this chapter is peculiarly the attempts to edit him. And editions of one for the student of Chaucer. To the gen- Chaucer are hardly less numerous or less vari eral reader, this careful application of various ous in value than those of Shakespeare himself. tests, this painstaking comparison of word with It is interesting to remember that the first word, rhyme with rhyme, passage with passage, printed edition of Chaucer was made by that and all the close reasoning from linguistic facts, patron-saint of English printers, the careful will hardly be appreciable, and therefore hard- and conscientious Caxton ; and that the second ly fascinating. To the Chaucer student, on the does credit to the painstaking patron of the other hand, this is perhaps the most valuable new art, both in respect to his admiration of contribution in the three volumes. In the chief Chaucer and his desire to rectify his own first controversy as to “ The Romaunt of the Rose,” print, which, though he had made it, as he Professor Lounsbury takes the side of Chaucer's says, “ according to my copy, and by me was authorship, combatting the view independently nothing added ne minished,” was found to arrived at by Ten Brink and Skeat. It is not be inaccurate in not a few particulars when an easy question to settle, however, and per- compared with a better text. Then Chaucer haps it never can be settled, except as scholars is followed down through the editions of range themselves on one side or the other. Thynne (1532), Stow (1561), Speght (1598, Professor Lounsbury certainly makes the most 1602), Urry (1721), Morell (1737), the of the arguments in favor of his view. Clearly, famous Tyrwhitt (1775), Wright (1847–51), Skeat has considerably overstated certain argu- Bell (1854–6), and so down to the Chaucer ments; while Lounsbury relies for the force Society's critical “ Six Text” in recent years. of some of his on the fact that the translation, Some more recent editions are not mentioned, if by Chaucer, shows the imperfections of early and a complete bibliography would have been work,- a fact on which it is easy to lay too an advantage to this chapter. Still, the care much stress. But the real decision must rest with which the various editions are discussed, more on authority than on clear balance in and the exactness in pointing out their merits favor of either side. and demerits, make this chapter invaluable, The volumes before us seem somewhat icon- without the dryness of the customary biblio oclastic, as one finds overthrown, in nearly every graphy. chapter, some oft-repeated statement about the No question in connection with Chaucer will poet. In reality, this is only an attempt to set appeal more quickly to scholar or general reader right much false statement and many incon- than the question of what Chaucer wrote — sistencies. We see this especially in the chap- what are his veritable productions. One turns ter on the learning of Chaucer – a thorough with peculiar interest, therefore, to the lengthy investigation into the sources of Chaucer's ma- treatment — almost a volume in itself -— of this terial, as showing the authors with whom he question. The chapter divides itself into three was acquainted. In this it is not so much that parts: a summary of the tests of genuineness, new material has been added, as that all has an enumeration of the poems attributed to been brought together in convenient form. The Chaucer at various times, and a discussion of inaccuracies of former statements are pointed those considered doubtful. In the first part, out, with the second-hand sources from which the value of each test is estimated, with the the poet took his stories in many cases, and in purpose of showing that no single one is infal general the real meaning and extent of the as- lible, and that therefore it is impossible to as sertion that Chaucer was a learned man. It is sert on the strength of one or two such tests ' evident that the term “ learned" applied to the 1892.) THE DIAL 353 - - - - - -- -- - - --- - ------ poet may be much misunderstood, and has at tions, in a certain way. No doubt they might best a relative signification. While knowing have been rendered unnecessary by a knowl- Latin, Chaucer could occasionally mistranslate edge of Chaucer's language, as it is equally it. He was guilty of considerable mistakes in i true they are now poor substitutes for the poet fact, quite apart from a goodly number of an himself. But looked at as an evidence of the ap- achronisms so common in all our early poets. preciation of Chaucer, even in his - rude verse" He has enriched our literature with a few names as they understood it, they are overwhelming no one understands. Yet his fame rests securely testimonies to the perennial power of the morn- on something far different from learning, and ing star of English poetry. In this sense cannot be shaken by occasional evidences of there is decided interest in the attempts to ignorance or inaccuracy. make Chaucer familiar, from the early eman Under the discussion of Chaucer's relation cipation out of the thraldom of the “ black let- to language and religion are treated two widely ter,” to the attempted Latin version by Kinas- different subjects, the first somewhat scantily, ton, and the paraphrases of Dryden, Pope, the second with greater fulness. In the latter Wordsworth, with a host of lesser names. are considered Chaucer's relation to the reforms The treatment of Chaucer as a literary art- of Wyclif, and to the church in general. Con ist starts out with an attempt to show that trary to the frequently expressed opinion, Pro Chaucer met considerable criticism in his own fessor Lounsbury regards Chaucer neither as time. It is scarcely proved ; and the interpre- a follower of the reformer nor as a good church tation by which the conclusion is reached seems man, but rather as one in whom the skeptical very much like that the author deprecates so tendency was increasingly strong toward old much in other places. One or two other points age. He admits that there are few passages will hardly endure criticism. These are the on which to base such an opinion, and that it defense of those inaccuracies we call anachron- must rest rather upon the general impression isms, and of the originality of Chaucer. Doubt- one gets from constant perusal of an author's less a defense for anachronisms is often set works. In one sense this conclusion may be up in the inaccuracy of the age ; but this is accepted. Chaucer was an acute satirist of the extenuation, not defense, of the thing itself, church, and this shows him a keen observer of and it should be so understood. In the same the abuses into which the church had fallen. | way, though we may deprecate any criticism While this is so, he also appreciates the best of Chaucer's originality, it is unnecessary to in the church, as shown by his sympathetic go to the other extreme, and underrate the portrait of the poor parson ; although this can work of those who have sought to point out hardly be said to ally him with the Wyclifites. Chaucer's indebtedness to others for his mater- To us there seems, also, little ground for as ial. Apart from these points, however, the serting in Chaucer a decidedly skeptical tend estimate of Chaucer is fair and appreciative ; ency, in any modern sense of that term. He so that this last chapter, as well as those that was broad and liberal-minded, with deep insight have preceded it, will prove a valuable source into men and affairs ; he was a poet, and this im- of information and opinion to every student of plies an intuitive perception of men's motives; “ Dan Chaucer, well of English undefyled.” he was a satirist, and therefore a sharp critic OLIVER FARRAR EMERSON. of men's follies and foibles ; but he was not characteristically a doubter, much less a de- molisher of men's faiths. CONDICT BY PRECEPT.* The third volume of these scholarly studies If our schools are intended to prepare their deals with Chaucer in literature, first in con- pupils for life, and if conduct is really three- nection with literary history, and next as an fourths of life as Matthew Arnold has suggested artist. The historical treatment so common in * CONDUCT AS A FINE ART: The Laws of Daily Conduct, these essays is taken in the first study. The by Nicholas Paine Gilman ; Character Building, by Edward opinion of Chaucer held by his contemporaries, Payson Jackson. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. and the numerous tributes since his time, find THE BUSINESS OF LIFE: A Book for Everyone. By the anthor of " How to Be Happy, though Married." New York: a place. Here are discussed at length the Charles Scribner's Sons. modernizations of the poet in the last three THE CRISIS IN MORALS: An Examination of Rational centuries, their misinterpretations and their Ethics in the Light of Modern Science. By James Thompson Bixby. Boston : Roberts Brothers. failures. It is perhaps questionable whether ETHICS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE. By C.C. Everett. Boston: the writer gives due force to these moderniza- Ginn & Co. 354 [Feb., THE DIAL -- and no one has had the hardihood to deny seem to be, both in manner and in matter, each it, - one will readily see the immense and over the complement of the other." Mr. Jackson's shadowing importance of teaching in our schools dialogues, unlike those of the average religious morals, or the principles regulating conduct. tract, are replete with interest, written in a Perhaps nowhere is this more necessary or more decidedly lively and spicy vein, and not all on neglected than in the public schools. It is | one side of the question. Though scarcely so more necessary there, because a very miscel lofty or so profound as those of Plato, they laneous class of pupils attend these schools, still follow, in some degree and at some distance, and because children, like water, tend to seek the Socratic example and method, thus adapt- the lower levels, unless they are forced up to ing themselves admirably to the end in view- the higher ones. It has been more neglected namely, the moral enlightenment of intellectu- because hitherto teachers have not had an ade. | ally bright young folks. quate text-book on morals, nor any time set The author of - How to be Happy though apart for the teaching of morals in their cur- Married ” is, as we had already discovered, and riculum. But in the course of the year just as he is careful to reiterate in the preface to ended, largely through the exertions of the to each of his volumes, a preacher; and is also, American Secular Union and on account of its | as we are able, immediately on taking up one offer of a thousand-dollar prize for the best es- of his books, to discover, what we call in our say or manual upon the subject, a considera colloquial slang - a very smart preacher." His ble crop of treatises especially intended for non latest book, entitled - The Business of Life," sectarian schools has been produced. Among is in no wise deficient either in preaching or in these treatises are several which — each in its 6 smartness.” Perhaps, indeed, it may be said own characteristic vein -- possesses a goodly of this “ smart preacher," as of others of the degree of excellent instruction and of inspira- species, that his illustrations are so attractive tion both for teacher and pupil. that they sometimes almost conceal the under- The two that were assigned the highest place lying moral lesson. Like some of our capsules, by the Union, and that, by their close adapta- they are so made that they not only disguise tion to the needs of the class-room, probably the bitter dose while we are swallowing it, but deserve this place best, are “ The Laws of even refuse to be dissolved or assimilated by Daily Conduct," by Nicholas Paine Gilman, the subsequent action of the juices of the moral and - Character Building," by Edward Payson and intellectual stomach. But, notwithstand- Jackson. These books may be obtained either ing that it is sometimes almost hidden beneath separately, or bound together in one volume the brilliant flowers of the writer's rhetoric, under the general heading, “ Conduct as a Fine the moral lesson, like the cross beneath the Art.” The American Secular Union, by award Easter flowers, may always be found by the ing its prize to these two works, virtually de- careful investigator. clares them to be the best essays, treatises, or A work more philosophical and less popular manuals, " adapted to aid and assist teachers in its tone is provided for us by Mr. J. T. in our free public schools, and in the Girard Bixby, under the title - The Crisis in Morals." College for Orphans, and other public and This work consists of two parts, namely, a charitable institutions professing to be unsect - Critique of Mr. Herbert Spencer's · Data of arian, to thoroughly instruct children and youth Ethics,'” and, after this destructive criticism, in the purest principles of morality without in its symmetrical equivalent, entitled, “ The culcating religious doctrine." Owing to the Positive Reconstruction of Ethics on the Basis clifficulty of deciding between the two, the prize of Evolution and Scientific Knowledge." There was evenly divided between the authors. Mr. is no reason in the world why ethics should not Gilman aims to give the general principles | be treated as a science — and the noblest of regulating conduct, as may be seen from such sciences, — based, as it can be now, upon the headings as “ Life Under Law," “ Obedience undoubted and (by men who know) indisput- to Moral Law," " The Law of Kindness," | able facts of man's physical as well as of his • The Law of Justice," etc. Mr. Jackson aims intellectual nature and well-being. Confucius, to apply these principles to specific instances, Buddha, Moses, Mohammed, Socrates, and and to illustrate the true method of inculcating even Christ himself, and we say it in all them by familiar dialogues. It is truly said reverence for the Divine Spirit which moved in each author's preface that " the two books, and worked in each of them, - were obliged though written with no reference to each other, I to treat morals in a more or less unsystematic 1892.1 355 THE DIAL and fragmentary fashion. But the discoveries author of the book before iis, who bears the that have been made within the last two hun honored name of Everett and holds the hon- dred —- most of them within the last two score ored place of Bussy Professor of Theology in - years, touching the relations between man's Harvard, not only shows himself a true teacher mind and body, have been so astounding, and of morals, but also a friend and helper to all so far-reaching in their consequences, that true teachers of morals everywhere, provided henceforward we bid fair to leave behind us they will accept his friendly aiel. the regions of gloomy doubt and misty incerti- EDWARD PLAYFAIR ANDERSON. tude, and of the unsystematic and fragmentary treatment of moral questions, and to approach -------- - ---- gradually nearer and nearer to that ordered RECENT BOOKS OF POETRY,* and systematic knowledge called science, which is the combined effort of mortals, each singly Any one of the three brothers who bear the liable to error, to eliminate this error and to name of Tennyson would have made that name discover something of the cosmos, that is, of distinguished in English literature. It is ex- the divine law, order, and beauty, which reigns tremely difficult to estimate justly the work of everywhere in nature, and most of all in the Mr. Charles Tennyson (Turner), or of Mr. body and soul of man. Frederick Tennyson, for the very reason that After all due qualifications and allowances they are brothers of the greatest English poet have been made for human error, it remains of the Victorian age. One is apt to expect too true that no one has contributed more to this much of them, or to compare them unfairly consummation of morals than Mr. Herbert with the Laureate. In the case of Mr. Fred- Spencer, so that Mr. Bixby has done well in erick Tennyson, such a comparison is inevit. the book before us to take Mr. Spencer's work able, for he has caught his greater brother's as his starting-point. Mr. Bixby, however, trick, and has been influenced very strongly points out that Mr. Spencer fails to appreciate by his example. “ Daphne and Other Poems" the superior importance of the inner realm of is a remarkably successful imitation of the purpose and conscientious duty ; that the ulti- manner of “ Ulysses " and - Teiresias." It mate moral end and test set up by Mr. Spencer is a series of classical episodes, told in some- --- namely, happiness — is too indefinite, and thing like fourteen thousand lines of a blank in its lower phases too unsatisfying, to serve as verse so rich and harmonious in cadence that a standard of moral worth ; that happiness as * DAPHNE, and Other Poems. By Frederick Tennyson. an ultimate end is inconsistent with the prin- | New York: Macmillan & Co. ciple of evolution, which demands the higher Poems. By William Edward Hartpole Lecky. New York: | D. Appleton & Co. life at any and every cost; that Mr. Spencer's The Lost Ring, and Other Poems. By Caroline A. Mason. contention against Bentham, that happiness is Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. not to be directly estimated or aimed at, is a THE High-Top SWEETING, and Other Poenis. By Eliza- beth Akers. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. tacit admission of the insufficiency of happiness THE RIDE TO THE LADY, and Other Poems. By Helen as a moral end ; and that if Mr. Spencer's Gray Cone. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. views were universally adopted there would i A HANDFUL OF LAVENDER. By Lizette Woodworth Reese. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. be danger of the disappearance of the moral VALERIA, and Other Poems. By Harriet Monroe. Chicago : instincts, where their authority is regarded as i Printed for the Author. illusory and right and wrong are reduced to Two Worlds, and Other Poems. By Richard Watson questions of expediency. Gilder, New York : The Century Co. Phidias, and Other Poems. By Frank W. Gunsaulus. Our next volume is intended for children, Chicago : A. C. McClurg & Co. . or, in the words of the title-page, it is “ Ethics LAUNCELOT AND GUENEVERE. A Poem in Dramas. By for Young People.” Now, in healthy children, Richard Hovey. New York : United States Book Co. THE POET AND His SELF. By Arlo Bates. Boston: Roberts no matter how young, all the faculties of older Brothers. people are present, though not evolved, but · THE BLUE Poetry Book. Edited by Andrew Lang. New involved. It is the business of the teacher, York: Longmans, Green & Co. whether physical, mental, or moral, to aid in SUNSHINE IN LIFE. Poems for King's Daughters. Selected and Arranged by Florence Pohlman Lee. New York: G. P. the evolution of the child's faculties. In other Putnam's Sons. words, to make use of the wonderfully suggest Odes, LYRICS, AND SONNETS, from the Poetic Works of ive figure of Socrates, the true teacher is the | James Russell Lowell. Boston: Houghton, Mithin & Co. BALLADEN UND ROMANZEN. Selected and Arranged, with midwife who brings out the faculties of his Notes and Literary Introduction, by C. A. Buchheim, Ph.D. pupil into conscious and manifest activity. The New York: Macmillan & Co. 356 [Feb., THE DIAL Lord Tennyson himself might not have been ashamed to sign it. If treated strictly upon its merits, it could hardly be assigned a lower place in English poetry than is held by “ The Earthly Paradise" of Mr. Morris, which it somehow suggests. We quote, in illustration, a passage from the poem which treats of the myth of Atlantis. . ** The seventh day all the day we sail’d, till eve Flush'd the grey main, and, at the set of sun, Over the waves that roll'd into the flame Of the wide West, I saw an island lone Far off grow dark against the flood and fire, Like some great battle tower. There lay a cloud Upon its topmost summit, burning red, That seemed a giant with uplifted arms; He seemed to blow a trumpet from on high, And wave a banner. On the morrow morn, The morning of the eighth day, at the dawn, Were we spellbound, or did a choral strain, Solemn and sweet, float to us o'er the sea, As tho' the guardian spirits of the place, Had bade us welcome to it? On we fared Nearer and nearer to that nameless isle : And now we saw its beauty waken up With every moment, and our gladness rose. On either hand seashore, with gardens back'd, And high with plunied forests, higher still With silver mountain thrones that turn’d to gold At the first sunburst; and, midway between The shores and woods, a piled city ranged, Terrace on terrace, citadel and tower, And dome and pinnacle ; soft shadows fell From summer clouds upon that happy realm, Kissing the lights with coolness, and anon Between them great shafts of translucent gold Made the deep valleys and tall cliffs to burn With gem-like clearness." Of such verse as this we have over five hun- dred pages, some of the themes being Pygma- lion, Ariadne, Halcyone, Niobe, and Eson. The poems of Mr. Lecky are a genuine sur- prise. That the historian of Rationalism in Europe had the gifts of a singer of the reflect- ive sort, might perhaps have been discerned by a careful reader ; but no inspection of his prose could have revealed the depth of feeling and the nobility of utterance that we find in his verse. The true singing quality it doubt- less lacks, and its rhythm is not often that rhythm of nature which the greatest poets make one with the artificial rhythm of verse; but it appeals to the contemplative mind as strongly as does the verse of Clough, almost as strongly as does the verse of Matthew Ar- nold. It has much of the minor quality found in the work of both these poets, and it has the same feeling for the loftier ideals of thought and character. We have often thought that the distinction was worth making between the poetry that appeals directly to the heart, and the poetry that appeals to the heart through the medium of the intellect. The songs of the Elizabethan period and such modern songs as those of Burns are perfect examples of the former ; most of the poems of Lord Tennyson are perfect examples of the latter. Mr. Lecky's poems are also of the latter sort. One of them, “On an Old Song,” shows that the distinction here made is not strange to him. “Little snatch of ancient song, What has made thee live so long? Flying on thy wings of rhyme Lightly down the depths of time, Telling nothing strange or rare, Scarce a thought or image there, Nothing but the old, old tale Of a hapless lover's wail; Offspring of an idle hour, Whence has come thy lasting power ? By what turn of rhythm or phrase, By what subtle, careless grace, Can thy music charm our ears After full three hundred years?" No new Edipus is likely to solve that riddle, we fancy. The immense importance of char- acter, and the subtlety and remoteness of the influences by which it is shaped, is a theme to which the author frequently recurs : “Our acts are seeds Which grow prolific in the hearts and minds Of men who follow, and the clew that threads The maze of character is chiefly hid In distant, grass-grown, and neglected graves -- Forgotten actions of forgotten men." From the author's mind the perplexing con- trast existing between life and thought, between ideal and achievement, is not often absent. Over and over again he speaks of “The aimlessness of life, its broken lines, Its boundless longings and its rapid flight, The noble promise that a moment shines, Then sinks forever in eternal night.“ And the abiding power of thought as contrast- ed with the fleeting span of individual life finds an expression not easily to be matched in - The Dying Seer.” ** Close the book -- the task is over, Toil and triumph both are done; Weary, way-worn, restless rover, Now thy devious course is run; Worlds of fancy, thought, and learning, All the tracts thy mind has spanned, All grow dim ; thy steps are turning Onward to the shadow-land. “Many a hope thy genius kindled In the splendor of its morn Ere the evening came had dwindled, Turned to doubt, or grief, or scorn. Too much dross alloys the treasure, Wayward flights and passion stains ; Only now we learn to measure How much noble still remains. “Close the book --the words are written, They will stand for good or ill ; True, the stately palm is smitten, But its seeds are living still ; Darkness gathers round the writer, Envious murmurs greet his name, But his thoughts will shine the brighter In the after-glow of fame." 1892.] THE DIAL 357 --- - - - - - - We have no indication of the date of the poems, As an example of Mrs. Allen's work, we may but most of them bear the marks of ripened take some stanzas from “ Vacant Places." reflection and calm acceptance of a world other "If the fair race of violets should perish than that which lies before the imagination of Before another spring-time has its birth, ('ould all the costly blooms which florists cherish youth. No one who has gained wisdom at the Bring back its April beauty to the earth? cost of early and cherished illusions (an con- “ Not the most gorgeous flower that uncloses template the past wholly unmoved, and the Could give the olden grace to vale and plain ; natural note of regret is not missing from these Not even Persia's gardens full of roses Could ever make our world so fair again. pages. * And in stray dreams of passion * And so with souls we love; they pass and leave us. The old days sometimes rise, Time teaches patience at a bitter cost; When Love was still the fashion, Yet all the new loves which the years may give us Before the world grew wise." • Fill not the heart-place aching for the lost." But the note of vain regret is not the predomi- Commonplace sentiment treated in a common- place fashion is about all that this volume has nant one, and the compensations brought by to offer us. But there are many to whom the the expanding horizons of age find their due recognition. The final lesson of our poet's term poetry means just this sort of thing, and philosophy is akin to that of " Faust," and to them such collections make their appeal. tells us Among our younger writers of verse, Miss Helen Gray Cone won a high place several ** How, turning to the earth from which it sprang, The spirit gathers strength, and yet may find years ago. - The Ride to the Lady, and Other In daily rounds of duty and of love Poems" exhibits a certain advance in precision The sands of life still sparkling as they flow." and in dramatic force. We wish that we might The verses of Mrs. Caroline A. Mason, col- also say an advance in clearness, but in this lected under the title - The Lost Ring, and respect the author has yet something to learn. Other Poems,” reveal a contemplative spirit, That a picture is distinct in one's own mental an optimistic temper, and a soul quick in its view does not excuse a writer for presenting it response to any spiritual appeal. Neither in outlines that are not equally distinct. We thought nor versification is in any way distinct find some degree of obscurity in many of the ive. The lines to Sumner will serve to illus- poems of this collection. No poem, not even trate the quality of the verse. by a Mr. Browning, should be a puzzle to the intelligent reader, and Miss Cone's poems are ** The friend of truth, of right, of man, His human sympathy o'erran often a little puzzling, in details, at least, if The common limit, to embrace not in general conception. But they contain Within its bounds the human race. also much that is clear-cut, as well as fine and He felt God's kinship coursing through His own pure veins, and straightway knew impressive. Several of them have an allegor- All men his kin of every hue. ical form touched with scorn of base ideals, " He knew no schism, sect, or clan, . and suggest the work of the late E. R. Sill. His love to God was love to man ; · The House of Hate” is an excellent example His creed, purged clean of human lies, of these qualities. Our quotation shall be a This : Mercy, and not sacrifice.' Ah, bigot! ask no more if he sonnet inscribed to Matthew Arnold, and en- Were sound in faith, go thou and be titled - The Strayed Singer.” As sound in thy humanity." “He wandered from us long, oh, long ago, Mrs. Mason died in 1890, at the age of 67, Rare singer, with the note unsatisfied ; Into what charmed wood, what shade star-eyed at her home in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. She With the wind's April darlings, none may know. published a volume of youthful verse as early We lost him. Songless, one with seed to sow, as 1852, but few of the pieces of that volume Keen-smiling toiler, came in place, and plied His strength in furrowed field till eventide, are here reprinted. And passed to slumber when the sun was low. A name better known to readers is that of But now -- as though Death spoke some mystic word Mrs. Allen (Elizabeth Akers), whose new Solving a spell, -- present to thought appears The morn's estray, not him we saw but late; volume is called - The High-Top Sweeting, And on his lips the strain that once we heard, and Other Poems." Verses of nature predomi- And in his hand, cool as with Springtitue's tears, The melancholy wood-flowers delicate.” nate in this collection, with now and then a narrative, and here and there an experiment The lyric quality is predominant in the poems in exotic versification. - The Lilac-Tree" is of Miss Lizette Woodworth Reese, although a Chant-Royal, and Sappho's Aphrodite ode is they are not without dramatic effects and didac- translated into what may pass for Sapphics. I tic suggestion. Their lyric echoes are mostly 358 (Feb., THE DIAL of the remote past, of Herrick and even of that necessarily linked all work dramatic in the Elizabethans. Indeed, one of the pieces, form with the stage. Miss Harriet Monroe's the sonnet - Renunciation,” recalls with more Valeria " is an example of such workmanship. than echo-like suggestion the most famous of It is a tragedy in five acts, the scene being a Drayton's sonnets, " Since there's no help,” etc. small Italian state of the fourteenth century. Here is a pretty little - Hallowmas” song: It deals with love and hatred, with intrigue “You know, the year's not always May - and attempted revolution, and offers, in the Oh, once the lilacs were ablow! character of Valeria, a triumph of subtle de- In truth, not very long ago), lineation. The subordinate characters are fairly But now, dead leaves drop down the way. well defined, although the men are sometimes " But now, chrysanthemums are gay, And some last roses redly glow. a little womanish. In construction it is skil- You know, the year's not always May --- ful, -- although we are not quite sure of the Oh, once the lilacs were ablow! propriety of doing away with the Prince by " These be the days, the weather gray, means of a poison so slow that, administered We think of those we loved so ; Sweet souls, who heard Death calling low, in the third act, it does not complete its work And followed him from dark to day. until the close of the fifth. On the other hand, You know, the year's not always May." we are quite sure of the admirable effectiveness The English drama in heroic verse has had of the close of this same third act, considered a curious history. Created by the genius of by itself, as well as of many touches here and Christopher Marlowe, made by Shakespeare | there,- Piera's outcry, the supreme form of dramatic expression in “Justice! How can they give me justice pow, our language, adorned by Webster and Ford, When he is dead!". by Beaumont and Fletcher, and Chapman, with for example. The verse of the play is, in the glories that are pale only in the presence of main, excellent, and shows careful study of the the greatest of all poets, early in the seventeenth best models. There are lines that we regret to century it ceased to exist, and for two hundred come upon, such as years the genius of English song sought em “Hail to our rainbow-lierald! Ladies, what news!” bodiment in other forms. Emerging in our * Leave me not on the wings of metaphor!" own century from its long entombment, it has "No need of prayer - her I congratulate." once more given us, from - The Cenci ” of “Your confessors await you, and we crave Shelley to the historical dramas of Lord Ten No further talk to-night." nyson and Mr. Swinburne, a series of the no- But the verse is generally fluent and harmoni- blest poems in our literature, but with the strik- ous. The following extract shows it at its best : ing difference that their appeal is made solely " Thank God! naught have I to forgive. to the reader, not to the spectator. Upon the God blesses us. What is remorse so dread rare occasions when they invade the stage, they That thou must die? The children of a king, We'll greet the king of darkness with a smile, may, indeed, obtain a succis d'estime, but it is And wreathe his dusky wings with roses. Come ! the literary rather than the dramatic conscious All — all is gone but love. Come, let us dream ness that they interest. The revolution in aim That 't is our wedding-day, for so it is -- To-day we shall be one in heaven.” thus indicated is subtle, but complete. The dramatic action is transferred to the soul of Yet it is not so much in sustained fights as in the reader, and the intervention of the stage single felicitous phrases that the author has' is no longer necessary for their full apprecia- been successful. A few such may be given : tion. We cannot feel this to be true of the "And Haring revels flickered to their death." plays of Shakespeare, for example, in spite of “A face all roses, starred with eyes all fire." Lamb's well-known and vehement assertion, “I know thee not. My soul is winged for God, but we do feel it to be true of “ The Blot on And has forgotten thee forevermore.” the Seutcheon," and "Philip van Artevelde,” | The interspersed lyrics are less successful than and - Count Julian," as well as of the greater the blank verse of the play. “ Valeria” is modern works before mentioned. This shift- accompanied by a number of miscellaneous ing of ground is, on the whole, fortunate, for poems of varying excellence. One of the best it insures the perpetuation of a great poetical is the sonnet - With a Copy of Shelley.” The form, whatever may be the fate of the stage, Chicago Auditorium cantata is better than such and it gives us from time to time examples of perfunctory things are apt to be, and, consider- careful workmanship in dramatic verse that ing the prosaic nature of the subject, something would find no raison d'etre under a system of an achievement. There is much of the in- 1892.] THE DIAL 359 --- - ----- --- fluence of Shelley, and a little of the influence Mr. F. W. Gunsaulus, in something like a of Rossetti, in these miscellaneous pieces. The thousand lines of blank verse, tells us what a volume, as a whole, is distinctly creditable to Christian modern would like to believe that a the author, and is one of the very few books heathen ancient thought and felt. The wish produced in the West that fairly belong to is so evidently father to the thought in this literature. case, that we cannot take very seriously the Mr. Gilder observes, in his new volume of lengthy soliloquy thus ascribed to the sculptor poems, that of the Parthenon. The writer has chosen Phi- * Passion is a wayward child, dias as his mouthpiece, but he might just as Art his brother firm and mild,” well have chosen Plato, or Pindar, or Pericles. Both art and passion are found in the author's | The last claim that could be made for this pro- verses, and the waywardness of the one is per- duction is that it presents an obiective study haps more conspicuous than the firmness of the of the Greek mind. Not Phidias, nor any other. At all events, these poems are so sur other Greek of his age, could have felt what charged with emotion that they are often ne- is expressed in the following verses : glectful of form, and short or irregular measures * For, if the day-blue hanging o'er this gaol serve as their vehicle of expression more fre Be not a lie, and clouds or javlined nights quently than we could desire. In the verses Be not more true than skies they fleck or hide ; If the best treasure of our minds be gold on “ The Twelfth of December," for example, Aglint with light enraptured for the day ; the intensity of sincere emotion is obvious, but If yearning be not anguish langhed at where Great Zeus, amused, plays with His thunder-toys ; the form is not wholly satisfactory. If Zeus has right to rule : sometimes afar “On this day Browning died Or near, that sky will open on our world ; Say rather: On the tide His feet will touch it, find our tangled paths; That throbs against those glorious palace walls ; He'll wrap men in the glory of Himself, That rises --- pauses -- falls Live their life once and here, as God would live, With melody, and myriad-tinted gleams; Break through mysterious skies again, and make On that enchanted tide Ilis straighter path, twice-travelled, theirs." Half real, and half poured from lovely dreams, A Soul of Beauty,- a white, rhythmic flame, A few sonnets and miscellaneous pieces, recol- Passed singing forth into the Eternal Beauty whence it came.” | lections of European travel, make out the con- The most carefully finished of these poems is tents of this thin volume, entitled - Phidias, the Phi Beta Kappa ode read at Harvard in and Other Poems." 1890. Here are three of the fourteen stanzas: Mr. Richard Hovey calls his - Launcelot “Spirit of Beauty! 'neath thy joyful spell and Guenevere ” a poem in dramas." Ex- Man hath been ever; therefore doth each breeze amination shows it to be a five act blank verse Bring to his trancèd ear glad melodies, tragedy with a prologne about half as long. Voices of birds, the brook's low silvery bell, - Wild music manifold, The prologue is a wild phantasmagoria which Which he hath power to hold blends the figures of Greek and Teutonic my- His own enchanted harmonies among, That echo round the world the songs that nature sung. thology more chaotically than they are thrown together in the second part of "Faust," and * And thus all Beautiful in Holiness Doth Israel stand before the Eternal One; is written in a variety of metres ranging from Striking his harp with rapt, angelic tone, Eddaic to Swinburnian forms. The suggest- Till tribes and nations the Unseen God confess : ions of the play that follows are of both forms Knowing that only where His face makes white the air and thoughts. Such a passage as the follow- Could such seraphic song have niortal birth, --- ing is full of Shakespearean and other echoes: One saving faith sublime to keep alive on earth. Launcelot: It is the morning star that hangs so high. ** And therefore with most passionate desire Love, you must leave me. And longing, man yearned ever to express Thy majesty, and light, and loveliness, Guenevere: Must I so indeed? O Spirit of Beauty, unconsuming fire ! How can I leave you ? - For I live in you, Therefore by ancient Mile You are the only concord in my life ; Rose the vast columned aisle, Without you I am but a jarring note And on the Athenian Hill the wonder white And all the world mere noise. Whose shattered ruins are the world's supreme delight.” Launcelot: ave me not. What though the world outcast us! We will be The suggestions of Shelley's - Hymn to Intel- A world unto ourselves. Let Britain sink lectual Beauty” are obvious, but Mr. Gilder's Beneath the Atlantic and the solid base And universal dome of things dissolve poem has still a conception and a quality of his And like the architecture of a cloud own. We do not notice in this volume the Ros Melt in the blue inane! You are my country, settian influence of which we have previously My world, my faith, my rounded orb of life. spoken in connection with the author's poems. | The play has some vigorous scenes and a rather 360 [Feb., THE DIAL striking close, but little poetic thought except story in it," and that poems about children in such obvious echoes as appear in the passage are not generally those that a child likes best. quoted. He instances Hood's “ I remember, I remem- There is little choice between “ The Poet ber," and justly remarks that it “ brings in and His Self” as colloquists, for neither speaks | the burden of reflection on that which the child the language of song. One of them says, for cannot possibly reflect upon - namely, a child- example: hood which is past.” So we are a trifle sur- * But man is like a child lost in the dark, prised when we find this very poem given. Who knows not where he is or how bested. The collection includes many Scotch ballads, What boots to offer toys to him? A spark Of light were worth them all amid that dread." for which is offered what is perhaps a sufficient excuse, but we do not share Mr. Lang's sur- And the other replies : prise at the discovery that only about one-tenth “ Life is good if we live without question. In sorrow It is doubt that smites ever with bitterest blows ; of the poets in Mr. Palgrave's "Golden Treas- To the grief of the present the dread of the morrow ury” “ were born north of Tweed." Anyone Adds in anguish a sting the most cruel it knows." but a Scotchman would think this proportion Of such pedestrian verse as this are the hun liberal. There is much truth in the statement dred and fifty odd pages of Mr. Bates's volume. that “ childhood is the age when a love of The verse is unmusical in movement and un- poetry may be born and strengthened—a taste touched by any spark of the higher imagina which grows rarer and more rare in our age, tion. when examinations spring up and choke the Anthologies are of the most useful of books, good seed." And then he adds, “ By way of for they help to make present that immense lending no aid to what is called Education, future which, Mr. Matthew Arnold assures us, very few notes have been added. The child is in store for poetry as an influence in the does not want everything to be explained, - shaping of thought and conduct. They afford in the unexplained is great pleasure. Nothing, the reader having no poetical library of his perhaps, crushes the love of poetry more surely own some glimpse of the wide realms of verse. and swiftly than the use of poems as school- But anthologies must be planned in accordance books.” This often is, but need not be, the with some definite principle, either of taste or case; it all depends upon the teacher. of scope. If they indicate mere personal lik The principle of selection adopted by Miss ings, as in the case of Emerson's “ Parnassus,” Lee in " Sunshine in Life" is not easy to de- their chief appeal will be to those who think termine. The poems are said to be chosen for well of their editors ; and if they cover too | the reading and edification of the “ King's wide a field they will lose in effective force. Daughters,” and the requisite amount of relig- The latter defect is conspicuous in Household ious sentiment appears to have been the only Books of Poetry, and the like. On the other test applied. The result is a curious mingling hand, we have such admirable anthologies as Mr. of noble poetry and barren verse. English Palgrave's - Golden Treasury” and “ Treasury and American authors, old and new, have been of Sacred Song,” Mr. Locker's “Lyra Ele levied upon, and the editor has not hesitated gantiarum," and the whole class of works ex- to tear fragments of poems from their context emplified by Mr. Longfellow's “ Poems of in order to insert something that particularly Places.” These are valuable because, besides pleased her. It is, then, needless to add that evincing good taste, they are at once definite this anthology errs from personality rather and impersonal. We cannot say that Mr. than from definiteness of aim. The only safe Andrew Lang's “ Blue Poetry Book" is either course is to select poems because they are good, the one or the other. As far as we can make and not because the editor likes them. This out from the introduction, it is simply a col statement implies, of course, that real objective lection of the poems, good and bad, that the tests exist,-a proposition hard to demonstrate, editor liked as a boy. But being now a man but of which we are nevertheless convinced. and a critic, Mr. Lang's volume should not. The selection made of the “ Odes, Lyrics, have included even - a few pieces of no great and Sonnets ” of Mr. James Russell Lowell, excellence." Why should he give us anything for the “ White and Gold” series of poets, not of the best, with the whole domain of En exhibits taste and good judgment, and the vol- glish poetry to choose from? Mr. Lang saysume is a very pretty piece of workmanship. some sensible things in his introduction,- as, The - Commemoration Ode," Agassiz," and for example, that children like - verse with a - Under the Old Elm," are given under the 1892.) 361 THE DIAL first class, and form much the best half of the the island. After nearly three hundred years, that volume. Of the lyrics --- although the term is dynasty ended for a time in the days of Cromwell ; broadly construed — little can be said. The but recovered itself later, and only reached its final quality of Mr. Lowell's genius was not lyrical, close in 1735, when the last Stanley of Man died and his songs hardly ever sing. The dozen childless. Then came the reign of the Dukes of Athol, who “ were bad and nearly everything about sonnets that come at the close are of the best them bad.” They kept a swashbuckler court in that Mr. Lowell offers, but are conspicuously their little kingdom, overrun with Barry Lyndons. inferior to the sonnets of Mr. Longfellow, and "Oh, those good old times, with their soiled and even of lesser poets. dirty splendors!” The people turned smugglers Dr. Buchheim's “ Deutsche Lyrik” has for and wreckers; and this brings the history down to many years been a favorite volume of the the memory of those still living. In 1829, the " Golden Treasury” series, and the same care dukes of Athol sold their royal rights and the ful editor has now provided it with a compan island became an English dependency, but its old ion in the shape of a selection of “ Balladen Norse law still lingers. They “ have Home Rule, und Romanzen.” There is a learned introduc- and it works well.” Mr. Caine tells us that the Manx dialect differs little from the ancient Scot- tion upon the German ballad (which was liter- tish Gaelic, and “sounds more like hard swearing” ary, rather than popular, in origin), and a than Italian, that the people are a prosaic race in tasteful selection of poems grouped in three modern days, rough homespun with an earthy periods— from Bürger to Chamisso, from Uh savor, that their music is “like a wail of the wind, land to Heine, and from Freiligrath to such the soughing of the long grass, the rain whipping present day writers as Paul Heyse and Felix the panes of a window as with rods,” that their Dahn. One may find here most of his favor language is fast dying out, that they have no litera- ites, but no one could fairly expect to find them ture of any high mark, that but one badge of the all in a collection that numbers but six score Manx race still survives in their superstitions. He tells us a few good Manx stories and describes one pieces. WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. or two curious characters. Altogether, he has made a pleasant volume fuller of material than many a larger one. He has gone over unfamiliar BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. ground and made us wish that we might traverse it in person, with no other guidance than his. In Hall Caine's “ The Little Manx Nation” (U. S. Book Co.), we have the story of the Kings, the NEAR the close of an extended and intelligent Bishops, and the People, of the Isle of Man, told study of Mr. John Morley in a recent number of by a Manxman lovingly. He tells us that the the “ Revue des Deux Mondes,” M. Augustin Filon Manxmen stick close to their island, and even remarks: “ His books are read and re-read; they within its narrow limits stick close to their homes. are reprinted at shorter and shorter intervals ; they He shares their clinging mood. To him, the island are gradually working into the consciousness of lies like a bird on the waters." The people of youth, into the mind of the nation.” Few things Man, Celts to begin with, from Wales or Ireland, in recent literary history are more notable (if the were in the sixth century A. D., and for four hun whole life of the literary man may be claimed for dred years after, subject to the princes of Wales. literary history) than the progress of this distin- Then came the sea-roving Vikings from Denmark | guished man from the life of thought and research or Norway and intermarried with the Celtic wo-l to the life of action. As M. Filon puts it, he is the men ; so the race became half Norse, half Celt. practical logician who does not let go of his ideas The Viking Orry gave them a constitution and set until he has applied them. But Mr. Morley, absorbed up a representative and patriarchal government for as he is in political problems and strenuous as he is church and state, such as that of Iceland. The in political debate, has never turned his back upon annual Tynwald, or promulgation of the laws, literature; and graceful reminders are constantly is still observed after more than nine centuries ; | falling from him that he knows well where to find the primitive rite, extinct in Iceland, survives in a refuge from the "noises and harsh disputes " amid Man. The Norsemen gave place to the Scotch. which the public man is condemned to exist. Un- Edward I. drove out the Scotch; and then Robert deniably, his literary observations derive a certain Bruce drove out the English. Henry IV. recon- dignity from his public character, yet his recent quered the island and gave it to the Earl of Salis- “Studies in Literature” (Macmillan) would have a bury; he sold it to Sir William le Scroop, who was solid interest of their own, even were they anony- beheaded. Then it fell to the Earl of Northum mous. The scattered essays here artificially brought berland, who was banished, and to Sir John Stan together have no unity save that of the author's ley at last in 1407. He never set foot in his tiny character; they were originally written at widely kingdom. His descendants ruled there justly, re- different times and on such diverse subjects as the specting local traditions, and left a good mark on Macvey Napier Correspondence, Sir Henry Maine 362 [Feb., THE DIAL on Popular Government, Victor Hugo's “ Ninety liographical information, etc. For reference it will three,” Browning's - The Ring and the Book," and always be indispensable, while even for continu- Wordsworth. There is nothing here that is not ous reading it has much the same curious, if some- worthy of more than one careful perusal; but per what desultory, interest as Leslie Stephen's “ Dic- haps the introduction to the study of Wordsworth, tionary of National Biography." Those who hunger reprinted from Mr. Morley's admirable edition of to “get an idea ” of many old books, without actu- that poet, and the two addresses entitled respect ally reading them, will find the synopses or summa- ively “On the Study of Literature” and “ Aphor ries well suited to their needs. The sixth volume isms,” are the things best worthy of preservation. deals entirely with the fifteenth century, devoting a By virtue of these three utterances, this volume is great deal of space very usefully to the invention of distinctly worthy of a place on the shelf of the printing and to the labors and publications of Cax- book-lover beside the posthumous volume of Lowell's ton. The seventh volume, “ From Caxton to Cover- essays, and not far away from the last volume given dale,” treats, among the rest, of the introduction of us by Mr. Morley's literary inspirer, Arnold. His Greek into the English universities, of the Reform- words on the study of literature may have more in | ation and its literary accompaniments and effects, fluence with the young than the words of idealists of Skelton and of Dunbar, of Thomas More, of like Emerson and Lowell. When a man of such William Tyndal and Bible translation. We wish positive views and achievements insists that “the the author long life for the carrying forward of this thing that matters most, both for happiness and for great undertaking. duty, is that we should strive habitually to live with wise thoughts and right feelings,” and adds that The “Studies in the Wagnerian Drama" (Har- literature is the great help to “this most blessed per) of Mr. Henry Edward Krehbiel consists of companionship,” no one can fail to be impressed. reprinted articles of a rather fugitive sort, display- Of his own way of living with wise thoughts in their ing a considerable amount of historical scholarship, most concentrated form, he gives us an instructive as well as due enthusiasm for and complete famil- example in his address on Aphorisms,- a paper iarity with the musical aspect of his subject. It none the less original for being made up very largely escapes that tendency to rhapsodize which is the of quotations. most common defect of books about music, and ex- plains reasonably and satisfactorily the appeal made ALTHOUGH now almost a septuagenarian, Profes- to the intellect by the works of Richard Wagner. sor Henry Morley still presses bravely forward in Of the relative share of sensuous and intellectual his notable “ Attempt toward a History of English enjoyment offered by those works, he very justly Literature,” the modest sub-title of his - English writes: “ The ultimate question concerning the Writers" (Cassell). Of this great work, seven vol- correctness or effectiveness of Wagner's system umes are now in our hands, the first five having been must be answered along with the question, Does already noticed in these columns. The veteran au- the music touch the emotions, quicken the fancy, thor of so many useful books has long since earned fire the imagination ? If it does this we may, to a the right to take a little rest, and it is touching great extent, if we wish, get along without the in- to see the courage with which he looks out toward tellectual process of reflection and comparison con- the completion of the twenty volumes of this crown- ditioned upon a recognition of his themes and their ing work of his busy life. The two volumes before uses. But if we do this, we will also lose the us have the same useful character as their predeces- pleasure which it is the province of memory some sors. Enough of the work is now completed to en- times to give,--for a beautiful constructive use of able one to form a tolerably accurate judgment of the themes is for reminiscence.” Of the sensuous the whole. Evidently it will have an encyclopædic effect of the music, there can be no question. rather than a strictly critical value ; that is, it will be Thousands of hearers have answered in the af- distinguished by attention to details rather than by firmative the question proposed as to that. Mr. special insight or originality. The author's pow- Krehbiel's chief purpose is to show how great an ers of vigorous generalization, never brilliant, do not addition to this sensuous pleasure may be made by improve as the work progresses; while the habit of a study of the musical structure of the dramas, and reiterating certain moral truisms has become so even by a study of their origins and their psycho- rooted that the reader resigns himself to it, as to a logical and ethical purpose. And to the reality of feature of the climate. Professor Morley is earn- this added pleasure there are other thousands who est, high-purposed, noble-hearted, liberal-minded ; can testify. The author's remarks are based al- his style has even at times a staccato briskness; yet most entirely upon the works of Wagner's second there is ever a certain haunting drone, fatally sug- period — the period in which his genius fully real- gestive of that of the “ moral Gower.” Yet one ized itself — and are illustrated by many passages hesitates to say anything in disparagement of a work in musical notation. of such learning and utility. If less valuable as a philosophical survey of our literature than some READERS of history who are not familiar with works which might be mentioned, it surpasses all German are under obligations to Mrs. Jane Loring as a repertory of facts, dates, biographical and bib- | Edmands for her translation of Zimmer's excellent 1892.] 363 THE DIAL essay on “ The Irish Element in Mediæval Culture” | inscrutable mystery of the physical world. The (Putnam). It is too often forgotten that, in spite author is an artist both in words and with the pen- of its political anarchy, Ireland was in the early cil, and the unique arrangement of the numerous Middle Ages one of the most civilized countries of illustrations adds one more charm to the book. Europe. “In the domain of art,” says Mr. Gard- iner, “ Ireland was inferior to no European nation. An interesting number of - The World's Great In metal-work, in sculpture, and in the skilful illu Explorers” series (Dodd ) is Captain Albert Hast- mination of manuscripts, it surpassed them all. It | ings Markham's “Life of Sir John Franklin.” had no mean school of music and song.” The Irish The story of the life of such a man, a skilful monasteries preserved much of the learning of the sailor, an ardent explorer, an able administrator, classical world, and the monks who went forth from and a daring and successful Arctic navigator to them to the German nations were bearers of civili whom the world owes, directly and indirectly, its zation, as well as pioneer missionaries of an inde knowledge of a very large portion of the Arctic pendent Christianity. Many of the leading scholars basin, should not remain untold ; and, in view of of Charlemagne's empire were Irishmen, as was also the meagerness of hitherto published authentic the greatest thinker of the ninth century, Johannes material, Captain Markham has succeeded in giv- Scotus Erigena ; and the monasteries of St. Gall ing us an interesting and reasonably coherent nar- and Bobio, founded by Irish monks, were two of rative. The closing chapters, treating of the vari- the most important centres of learning in mediæval ous expeditions despatched in search of Franklin, Europe. Zimmer has described these influences in are especially interesting and contain valuable sug- a clear and interesting manner, and his book de gestion and comment as to the conduct of navi- serves to be widely read. The only fault of the gators exploring high latitudes. The volume is author's work is his exaggeration of the barbarism provided with the maps and charts requisite to in- of the early Middle Ages. It is certainly incorrect telligent reading, as well as with several interesting to say that “what remained of civilization in Upper illustrations. Italy under the Heruli and Ostrogoths was destroyed A NEW volume in Messrs. Macmillan's “Ad- by the Langobards and their allies," or that there venture Series” is James Jeffrey Roche's “ The ** vanished in the sixth century the last remains of Story of the Filibusters," to which is appended an Roman culture which had lingered on, at various abridgement of that naïve literary product, “ The points, particularly in Southern Gaul.” The work Life of Colonel David Crockett.” The first division of translation has been, in the main, well done, the of the volume is largely taken up with a readable original being in some places improved by the addi- and sufficiently stirring narrative of the career of tion of illustrative notes. William Walker, the last and greatest of the Amer- Though not written in verse, Margaret W. Mor- ican Filibusters, which may be read with interest ley's “ A Song of Life” (McClurg) deals with the as touching a past phase of American social pro- poetic phases of plant and animal existence. Prob- gress. Barring his metaphorical successor in the ably no person, certainly no parent, has not at some legislature, the Filibuster may be reckoned as of time or other been confronted by questions from the an extinct species. The “Life of Crocket” is doubtless familiar to most of our readers, but we inquiring mind of youth, relating to the origin and transmission of life. The difficulty of dealing with may allow ourselves a quotation from the Colonel's the subject is apt to lead to a shirking of responsi- unique preface: “On the subject of my style, it is bility, and often the questioner is left to pursue the bad enough, in all conscience, to please critics, if inquiry in less legitimate directions. The youth that is what they are after. They are a sort of ver- first learns of the matter through its grosser aspects, min, though, that I shan't even so much as stop to and late, if at all, of the tenderness and delicacy of brush off. If they want to work on my book, just let them go ahead; and after they are done, they its essence. A book which shall help in so import- had better blot out all their criticisms than to know ant a matter is one to be welcomed. “ A Song of Life” tells some of those things which we lack what opinion I would express of them, and by what either the knowledge, the tact, the courage, or the sort of a curious name I would call them, if I was standing near them and looking over their shoul- means, to express ourselves. The sweet mystery ders." In view of the Colonel's reputation, one of parenthood is described as it is to be seen in the life of the flowers, the fishes, the frogs, the birds, imagines these sentiments must have been a pretty and the deer of the forest. It is shown that every- effectual bar to the fury of contemporary John Dennises. where the child is but a budding of the parent-a blossoming of existing adult life into the lovely The new life of Bishop Wilberforce by G. W. flowers of infancy. A concluding chapter, called Daniell, recently published by Houghton, adds very “ The World's Cradle," explains all that is possible little to the subject. It is based upon the Life, in to be explained concerning the cell with which all three volumes, of Canon Ashwell and Mr. R. G. animal life begins; tells all that is yet known about Wilberforce, and upon Dean Burgon's delightful that semi-fluid slimy matter which we have named sketch in his “ Twelve Good Men.” It rather dryly protoplasm, but which still remains the one great | tells the story over again. It gives us a clearer view 364 [Feb., THE DIAL of the official than of the man; the human elements “ Dickens Reading (1867),” “ Jenny Lind,” - A which were so very prominent in the earlier records Little Dinner with Thackeray," " Emerson Lectur- have mainly vanished. The interest of Bishop Wil- | ing," etc.,--and hence abound in anecdote and per- berforce's charaeter and history is two-fold — offi sonal reminiscence. The pleasant qualities of Mr. cial and personal. He revived the Episcopate and Curtis's style and his ability as a raconteur need lifted its ideal from the dead level of the eighteenth | no comment. Only one of the papers, “ Honestus century Lord Bishop to the high standard of the at the Caucus," has a distinct political bearing ; working bishops of today. He was in himself a and we take the liberty of suggesting in this connec- curious union of the brilliant courtier, the astutetion that a volume made up of the more durable of statesman, the indefatigable man of business, the Mr. Curtis's sound and patriotic utterances on such impressive orator, and the devout divine. The topics should make an acceptable, as it would a wicked wits picknamed him “ Soapy Sam,” for his useful, publication. “From the Easy Chair" is is- persuasive and plausible cleverness; but he turned sued in similar style to the recent popular reprints the tables upon them when he said he was called so of Mr. Howells and Mr. Warner — t “ because I am always in hot water and always come volumes forming a pretty and inexpensive set. out of it with clean hands.” The clever self-defense seems fairly justified. It is not so certain that Mr. SHELLEY'S “ Defense of Poetry," although one Daniell's volume can be. Yet some may be glad of the best of the many critical essays on the na- of its compendious record. ture and office of poetry since the days of Aris- totle, has yet been one of the least known. Shel- Iv “Marie Antoinette and the Downfall of Roy ley's prose has been eclipsed by his poetry, and, in alty” (Scribner's “ Famous Women of the French general, only accessible as parts of his - Complete Court”). M. Saint-Amand depicts in lurid colors | Works” in expensive editions. Professor A. C. the episodes of the Reign of Terror, and gives an Cook has therefore done a good service in his new interesting and perhaps not unjust summary of the edition of the essay, which is published by Messrs. career and character of Madame Roland, twitching Ginn & Co., uniform with Sir Philip Sidney's work unceremoniously from the shoulders of the Egeria on the same subject issued somewhat more than a of the Girondins her conventional mantle of dis- year ago. The notes are fewer, as would naturally interested patriotism, and quoting with approval be the case with the more modern writing; but the latter-day words of Lamartine: “As to Ma- Thomas Love Peacock's essay on “ The Four Ages dame Roland, who inflated a vulgar husband by of Poetry,” which called forth Shelley's “ Defense,” the breath of her feminine anger against a court is given entire. In the Introduction, Professor she found odious because it did not open to her Cook makes a comparative study of the views of upstart vanity, there was nothing fine in her except Shelley and Sidney, discusses Shelley's literary her death. Her rôle had been a mere parade of style, and considers the question of the relative true greatness of soul.” The volume vies in inter- | values of inspiration and labor as factors in poetic est with the best of its predecessors. creation. SEVERAL volumes of miscellaneous essays, from PROFESSOR Charles Johnson's - English Words”. different sources and of varying value, are in a (Harper) is an examination of the literary values group upon our table. Of these, the best by far, of words as revealed through a study of their in point of interest and genuine worth, is Thomas derivations. It aims to exhibit the composite char- Wentworth Higginson's - The New World and the acter of the English language, to make compari- New Book” (Lee & Shepard). These essays, twenty- sons determining the predominance of English or eight in number, deal with different questions more Latin, to find the percentage of words in any one or less related to American life and literature. Taken language used by certain leading authors in prose as a whole, their spirit is one of protest against the and verse at different periods of our literary his- apologetic attitude of American letters; and in such tory. Although written primarily as a text-book, topics as “An American Temperament,". The Evo- it can hardly fail to be valued by anyone who is lution of an American," "A World Literature,” the interested in the history of words, or who recog- author expresses with no uncertain voice his belief nizes that a good vocabulary is one of the most de- in the possibilities of our literary future. Colonel sirable of all literary possessions, and that the Higginson's own literary work furnishes one of the more he enlarges his own choice of words, the best arguments for his convictions, since he is him- wider will grow his own power of comprehension, self one of the best writers of pure English now and expression. living, whether on this side of the Atlantic or the The twenty-seven brief papers in Mr. George other. William Curtis's little volume of reprints " From ANOTHER book by an American essayist is Rich- the Easy Chair” (Harper) are better worth pres- | ard Malcolm Johnson's “ Studies, Literary and So- ervation than most fugitive pieces of the kind. cial” ( Bowen-Merrill Co.). Its nine chapters con- They are largely of a retrospective character,—as sist partly of selections from a series of class lec- implied in such titles as "Edward Everett in 1862,” | tures at the Peabody Institute in Baltimore, partly 1892.] 365 THE DIAL of articles previously published in certain Ameri Jews in the Union Army. S.S. Wise. North American. can reviews. As a whole, these essays are some- | Lake Commerce and Ways to the Sea. C. K. Davis. Forum. what lacking in distinction, either as to subject- Latin, Teaching of. W. C. Collar. School and College. League as a Political Instrument. Atlantic. matter or treatment. Lotteries and Gambling. Anthony Comstock. No. American. Man the Only Reasoner? James Sully. Popular Science. A SMALLER book than either of the preceding is Managing Editors. Julius Chambers. Lippincott. W. Davenport Adams's “ With Poet and Player”. Merchants, Old N.Y. Shipping. (Illus.) G.W. Sheldon. Harp. (Armstrong). Twenty-nine different topics, liter- Military Training, U.S. C. W. Larned. Forum. Monmouth, Battle of. (Illus.) J. G. Nicolay. Chautauquan. ary and theatrical, are treated in short chapters Mount Conness, Ascent of. George Davidson. Overland. and in an entertaining way. The book does not | National Banks, Safety of. E. S. Lacey. North American. rise above the “chatty” order, but one who has National Election Perils. G. F. Edmunds. Forum. shown himself to be so diligent and serious a Nicaragua Canal. Warner Miller and W. L. Merry. Forum. Oceanic Causeways. M. E. Blanchard. Popular Science. worker in literature as Mr. Adams in former Olympian Religion. W. E. Gladstone. North American. works, can afford to unbend when he chooses. Opera, The. E. C. Stanton North American. Personal Liberty. E. Atkinson and E. T. Cabot. Pop. Sci. ANOTHER volume in this group, and the hand Petroleum Industry. (Illus.) P. MacQueen. Cosmopolitan. somest book in the lot, so far as the publisher's art Philanthropy Experiments. F.G. Peabody, A. Shaw. Forum. is concerned, is George Birbeck Hill's “Writers Photography, Amateur. (Illus.) C. B. Moore. Cosmopolitan. Piano-Forte, The. (Illus.) Daniel Spillane. Pop. Science, and Readers” (Putnam). It consists of six lec Poetry, Recent Books of. W. M. Payne. Dial. tures read before those members of the Teachers' Presidential Electors. E. J. Phelps. Forum. University Association who were in residence in Railway Accidents. H. G. Prout. North American. Oxford during last summer's vacation. Revenue-Cutter Service. (Illus.) Scribner. Four of Roman Pageant of 17 B. C. Rodolfo Lanciani. Atlantic. these deal with “ Revolutions in Literary Taste”. Royal Danish Theatre. (Illus.) Wm. Archer. Harper. and two with “The Study of Literature as a Part Slum Population of Cities. C. D. Wright. Popular Science. of Education.” They have a delightfully bookish Spain, Cuba, and the U.S. Rollo Ogden. Chautauquan. flavor, citations of all sorts being cleverly intro- Spanish Influences in America. A. H. Noll. Dial. Steamers, Transatlantic. Earl De La Warr. No. American. duced with footnotes referring to the pages from Strawberry Hill. (Illus.) E. L. Didier. Chautauquan. whence they are taken, and an index for ready Tammany and the Democracy. R. Croker. No. American. reference at the close. Tariff, How to Attack the. W. M, Springer. No, American. Temescal Tin Mine, The. Enoch Knight. Overland. Trading Companies. J. H. Finley. Chautauquan. University Extension. C. H. Henderson. Popular Science, TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. Venetian 16th Century Printer, A. H. F. Brown. Atlantic. February, 1892. Volga, A Journey on the. Isabel Hapgood. Atlantic. Weber, William E. Portrait.) Popular Science. Afghan Warfare. (Illus.) A. Forbes. Cosmopolitan. Working-Girls' Club, A Model. (Illus.) Albert Shaw. Scrib. Allston, Washington, as a Painter. (Illus.) Scribner. Yellowstone Park. (Illus.) D. S. Jordan. Pop. Science. American Colleges Future. A. D. White. School and Col. -- - - American Illustration. (Illus.) W. A. Coffin. Scribner. American Literature. W. Clark Russell. North American, BOOKS OF THE MONTH. American Ships. S. A. Wood. Chautauquan. Animals and Men. E. P. Evans, Atlantic. [The following list includes all books received by THE DIAL Animals' Language. De Lacaze Duthiers. Popular Science. during the month of January, 1892.] Arctic Highlanders. (Illus.) Benj. Sharp. Scribner. Australian Station Life. (Illus.) Sidney Dickinson. Scribner Bank Circulation and Free Coinage. J. J. Knox. Forum. HISTORY. Black Forest to Black Sea. (Illus.) P. Bigelow. Harper. Egypt: Three Lectures on the History, Religion, and Art of Board of Trade and the Farmer. Henry Clews. Lippincott. Ancient Egypt. By Martin Brimmer. Illus. in photo- Border State Men of the Civil War. N. S. Shaler. Atlantic. gravure, Ato, pp. 86, uncut. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Leather, $5.00. Car-Couplings and Brakes. H. C. Lodge. North American. | A History of the People of the United States, from the Rev- Chaucer Studies. 0. F. Emerson. Dial. olution to the Civil War. By John Bach McMaster. In Chicago. Julian Ralph. Harper. 5 vols. Vol. III., 8vo, pp. 581, gilt top. D. Appleton & Columbus Portraits. (Illus.) W. E. Curtis. Cosmopolitan. Co. $2.50. Conduct by Precept. E. P. Anderson. Dial. The Development of Navies during the Last Half Cent- Electricity and Science. William Crookes. Popular Science. ury. By Captain S. Eardley-Wilmot, R.N. Illus., 12mo, England in India. Edwin Arnold. North American. pp. 295, uncut. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.75. English and Am. Schoolboys. W.W.Goodwin. Sch. and Col. The Horrors of Andersonville Rebel Prison : The Trial of Fonseca, Illus.) 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BOSTON, MASS. 368 [Feb., THE DIAL - A New and Important Book of Travel. The 'Boorum & Pease Company', MANCFACTURERS OF ACROSS THIBET. THE STANDARD BLANK BOOKS By GABRIEL BONVALOT. Translated from the French (For the Trade Only.) by C. B. PITMAN. With numerous illustrations made 25 SHEETS (100 pp.) TO THE QUIRE. principally from photographs, and a large route map Everything from the smallest Pass-Book to the large in colors. One octavo volume, extra cloth, gilt top, $3.50. est Ledger, suitable to all purposes—Commercial, Edu- cational, and Household uses. Apart from its interest as a thrilling narrative of per- sonal adventures, the volume is of special value to the For Sale by all Booksellers and Stationers. ethnologist for its notes upon a hitherto almost unknown FACTORY, BROOKLYN. people. Offices and Salesrooms, - . . 30 and 32 Reade Street, New York City. New Volumes in the - Unknown" Library. THROUGH THE RED-LITTEN WINDOWS, HAVE YOU ever tried the Fine Corre- and THE OLD RIVER HOUSE. spondence Papers made by the WHITING By Theodor Hertz-Garten. One vol., 12mo, unique PAPER COMPANY, of Holyoke? You cloth binding, 50 cents. will find them correct for all the uses BACK FROM THE DEAD. of polite society. They are made in both A Novelette by Saqui SMITH. One vol., 12mo, unique rough and smooth finish, and in all the cloth binding, 50 cents. fashionable tints. Sold by all dealers A New Edition Now Ready. in really fine stationery throughout the ORATIONS and AFTER-DINNER SPEECHES United States. OF CHAUNCEY M. DEPEW. JOSEPH GILLOTT'S In one elegant octavo volume, gilt top, extra cloth, etc. With Portrait. $2.50. STEEL PENS. “We are not surprised to learn that there is a popu- lar demand for yet another edition of that remarkable GOLD MEDALS, PARIS, 1878 AND 1889. book, Orations and After-Dinner Speeches,' by Dr. Chauncey Mitchell Depew. . . . It is one of the His Celebrated Numbers, noteworthy books of the times. . . . The excellen- ces are summed up in the word good.”— New York 303-404-170–604-332 Sun. “ Their excellence must be esteemed as unsurpassed.” | And his other styles, may be had of all dealers -Chicago Journal. throughout the world. New Volumes in Cassell's - Sunshine” Series. JOSEPH GILLOTT & SONS, NEW YORK. PRETTY MICHAL. THE “MATCHLESS” PENS. By MaurUS JOKAI. Translated from the Hungarian by R. N. Bain. One vol., 12mo, cloth, 75 cents; THE superiority of the “ MATCHLESS ” Pens paper, 50 cents. I is attested by the satisfaction that invariably attends their use. The ease and comfort with which INDIAN IDYLS. they write, together with their durability and resist- By an Idle Exile, author of “ By a Himalayan Lake,” ance to corrosives, makes them unquestionably the etc. One vol., 12mo, cloth, 75 cents; paper, 50 cents. best Steel Pen in the market. SAMPLES of the six different styles will be For Sale by all Booksellers. sent, postpaid, on receipt of six cents in stamps. CASSELL PUBLISHING COMPANY, Price per Gross, . . $1.25. 104 & 106 Fourth Ave., New York. | A. C. MCCLURG & COMPANY, CHICAGO. 1892.] THE DIAL 369 -- 369 --- - - - -- - - CALIFORNIA. All the principal Winter Resorts of California are reached in the most comfortable manner over the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad - The Santa Fe Route. Pullman Vestibule Sleeping Cars leave Chicago daily, and run via Kansas City to San Francisco, Los Angeles, and San Diego, without change. Excursion Tickets and detailed information can be obtained at the following offices of the Company: 201 Broadway, New York; 332 Washington Street, Boston ; 29 South Sixth Street, Philadelphia ; 136 St. James Street, Montreal ; 68 Exchange Street, Buffalo ; 148 St. Clair Street, Cleveland ; 38 Griswold Street, Detroit; 40 Yonge Street, Toronto; 165 Walnut Street, Cincin- nati; 101 Broadway, St. Louis ; 212 Clark Street, Chicago. JOHN J. BYRNE, GEO. T. NICHOLSON, dsst Gen'l Pass. and Ticket Agent, Gen'l Pass. and Ticket A gent, CHICAGO, ILL. TOPEKA, Kax. THE NEW WEBSTER'S DICTIONARY. Re-Edited and Re-Set from Cover to Cover. Fully ABREAST OF THE TIMES., The Authentic Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, compris- ing the issues of 1864, '79, and '84 (still copyrighted), bas WEBSTER'S been thoroughly revised and enlarged, under the supervision WEBSTER'S of Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D., of Yale University, and as Į a distinguishing title, bears the name of INTERNATIONAL WEBSTER'S INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY. INTERNATIONAL : The work of revision occupied over ten years, more than a DICTIONARY bundred editorial laborers having been employeit, and over $ 300,000 expended before the first copy was printed. DICTIONARY Critical comparison with any other Dictionary is invited. I GRAVD INVESTMENT SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. For the Family, the School, the Profes- A Pamphlet of Specimen Pages, Illustrations, Testimonials, etc., sent free by sional or Private Library. the Publishers. . CAUTION is needed in purchasing a Dictionary, as photographic reprints of an obsolete and comparatively worthless edition of Webster are being marketed under various names and often by misrepresentation. -- ---- GET THE BEST, the INTERNATIONAL, which bears the imprint of G. & C. MERRILM & CO., PUBLISHERS, SPRINGFIELD, Mass., U.S.A. 370 [Feb., THE DIAL ESTERBROOK'S STEEL PENS. LADIES' STATIONERY. A few years ago, our fashionable peo- ple would use no Stationery but Imported LEADING STYLES. goods. The American styles and makes Fine Point, - - - Nos. 333 444 232 did not come up to what they required. Business, - - - - Nos. 048 14 130 Messrs. Z. & W.M. CRANE set to work Broad Point, - . - Nos. 313 239 284 to prove that as good or better goods could . FOR SALE BY ALL STATIONERS. be made in this countil as abroad. How THE ESTERBROOK STEEL PEN CO., well they have succeeded is shown by the Works: Camden, N. J.) 26 John St., NEW YORK. fact that foreign goods are 110W scar Trade Mark.] NONPAREIL. [Registered. quoted in the market, while CRANE'S goods are staple stock with every dealer of OUR FINEST all pretensions. This firm bas done PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS, much during the past two or three years In genuine Seal, Russia, Turkey Morocco, and to produce a taste for dead-finish Papers, Plus),- Quarto, Royal Quarto, Oblong, and and to-day their brands of 'Grecian A11- Longjellow sizes,— bear the above Trade Mark, and are for sale by all the Leading Booksellers tique,' 'Parchment Vellum,' 'Old-style,' and Stationers. and ‘Distaff,' are as popular as their fin- KOCH, SONS & CO., est 'Satin Finish' goods. The name for Nos. 541 & 513 PEARL ST.; - - NEW YORK. each of their brands is copyrighted; and their Envelopes, which match each style STANDARD STATIONERY. and size of Paper, are high-cut pattern, so that the gum cannot come in contact Wedding Invitations. with a letter enclosed, during sealing. Reception Cards. A full line of these Standard Goods is kept 4 At-Home Cards. A constantly in stock by A. C. McClurg E Co., STYLES in stationery of this kind vary Wabash Ave. and Madison St., Chicago. but little from season to season, the ele- gance of appearance depending entirely TO AUTHORS.–The New York BUREAU OF REVISION on the excellence of execution and the I gives critical opinions on manuscripts of all kinds, edits them for publication, and offers them to publishers. Send quality of the materials used. Effect stamp to Dr. Coan for prospectus at 20 West 11th St., New York City. considered. our prices are the lowest. DO Menus. YOU Dimer Cards. KNOW That the Wisconsin Central and Northern Pacifie Lines Luncheon Cards. run through Pullman Vestibuled Drawing Room and Tourist Sleepers without change between Chicago and The stationery of this kind that we pro- Tacoma, Wash., and Portland, Ore.? duce always bears distinctive marks of The train known as the Pacific Express leaves the originality. We are prepared to furnish magnificent new Grand Central Passenger Station, Chi- very handsome novelties in favors of rich cago, every day at 10:15 P.M. For tickets, berths in Pullman or Tourist Sleepers, and artistic effects. apply to Geo. K. THOMPSON, A. C. City Passenger and Ticket Agent, Wabash Avenue 203 Clark Street. MCCLURG and Or to F. J. Eddy, Depot Ticket Agent, Grand Central Passenger Station, CHICAGO, ILL. & CO. Madison St., CHICAGO. 1892.] 371 THE DIAL -- -- ---- - -- -- A DIRECTORY OF REPRESENTATIVE BOOKSELLERS, Authorized Agents for receiving Subscriptions to THE DIAL, copies of which may be had of them for examination. - --- - -- ALABAMA. INDIANA-Continued. NEBRASKA. Demopolis. . William H. Welch. Ligonier . . . J. H. Hoffman. Auburn... E. H. Dort. Madison . . . B.F. & W.W.Calloway Aurora . . . N. P. Spofford. ARKANSAS. Marion ... G. ('. Brown. Broken Bow : Edward McComas. Little Rock . D. H. & B. Pope & Co.: Richmond . . C. T. Moorman, Fremont .Arthur Gibson. Richmond .. Ellwood Morris & Co, Grand Island . J. H. Mullen. CALIFORNIA. Terre Haute . E. L. Godecke. Lexington . . J. C. Barnes. | Valparaiso . . B. F. Perrine. Lincoln . . . Clason, Fletcher & Co. Coronado . . F. E. A. Kimball. Valparaiso . . M. A. Salisbury. Omaha ... John S. Caulfield. Los Angeles, Stoll & Thayer. Red Cloud . . C. L. Cotting. Los Angeles Edwards & McKnight. Iowa. Pasadena .. T. C. Foster. Pasadena NORTH DAKOTA. .. Albia . . . . H. D. Knox. H. H. Suesserott. Sapa . . . . David L. Haas. i Burlington . . Mauro & Wilson. Grafton . . . Haussamen& Hamilton, Oakland... W. B, Hardy. Cedar Falls . Wise & Bryant. Grand Forks . F. W. Iddings. San Francisco, S. Carson Co. , Charles City, Miles Brothers. Jamestown . . Womenberg & Avis. San Francisco. Payot. Upham & Co. Clinton · · · 11. 0. Jones. Davenport . . E. M. White. Ohio. COLORADO. Des Moines . Redhead, Norton & Co. Dunlop.. L. G. Tyler & Co. Alliance. .. I. C. Milburn. Boulder . . . A. M. & S. A. Sawyer. Grinnell. . . J. G. Johnson & Co. Ashtabula .H. M. Hickok & Co. Denver ... Stone & Locke Book Coc co Grinnell . . . Snider & Co. Bucyrus . . . Farquhar Bros. Golden . . . E. F. Rundlett. Hampton . . L. D. Lane. 'Cadiz . . . . N. A. Hanna. . A. Manitou . . . Charles A. Grant. Independence. B. W. Tabor. · Cincinnati . . Robt. Clarke & Co. Pueblo .. . J.J. Stanchfield & Bro. Iowa City.. Lee, Welch & Co. Cleveland . . W. A. Ingham. Iowa City.. Lee & Ries. Cleveland . . Taylor, Austin Co. Taylor, Austin IDAHO. Marshalltown. Geo. P. Powers & Co. Columbus .. A. H. Smythe, Boise City . . James A. Pinney. i Shenandoah . J. C. Webster & Co. Dayton .William C. Mayer:. Hailey ... Steward Brothers. | Sioux City . . Small & Co. Elyria . A. Beebe, Jr., & Co. Storm Lake . J. P. Morey. Findlay ... D. C. Comell. ILLINOIS. Galion L. K. Reisinger & Co. Amboy ... W. C. Mellen. KANSAS. Kenton .. L. J. Demarest. Aurora .. W. H. Watson. Columbus, . Branin & Slease. Oberlin .. A. G. Comings. Canton.. W. H. Corwin. | Emporia. . . Rowlands & Jones. Oxford ..A. Beaugureau. Canton . . . E. B. Shinn & Co. Fredonia . . J. W. Paulen. Portsmouth . W. W. Reilly & Co. Carlinville . . Theodore C. Loehr. ! Hiawatha ., Miner & Stevens. Youngstown Manning & Co. Carthage .. Thomas F. Payne. lola . . . . W.J. Evans. Chicago . .. A. C. McClurg & Co, Junction City, C. H. Trott & Bro. OREGON. Chas. McDonald & Co. Manhattan . . S. M. Fox. Brentano's. Albany ... Foshay & Mason. Olathe... Henry V. Chase, Coultersville · W. A. Milligan. Astoria . . . Grthn & Reed. Topeka. . . Kellam Book & Sta.Co.' A. G. Woodbury. Danville. . . Portland . . J. K. Gill & Co. Evanston George W. Muir. MICHIGAN. Portland . .. Stuart & Thompson. Freeport Salem . . Pattison & Kryder. T. McF. Patton. . . E. H. Ash. Alpena..HH. Wittelshofer. Geneseo'. . . The Dalles. . I. C. Nickelsen. | Ann Arbor. , George Wahr. Homer.. E. T. Mudge. Battle Creek, E. R. Smith. Jacksonville . Catlin & Co. SOUTH DAKOTA. Knoxville Berrien Springs Henry Kephart. F. D. Huggins. La Salle. . . J. E. Malone. Big Rapids.. A. S. Hobart & Co. i Dell Rapids. Knight & Folsom. Sioux Falls . . Litchfield Cadillac..George D. Van Vrankin C. 0. Natesta. .. Hood & Son. Cadillac . . . Arthur H. We H. W. Richardson. Varengo Arthur H. Webber. . Detroit ... John Macfarlane. Texas. Marseilles. . J. H. Allen. Grand Rapids. Eaton, Lyon & Co. Monticello .. Coe & Shaw. i Fort Worth . F.T. B. Schermerhom. Grand Rapids. G. A. Hall & Co. Nauvoo . . . Aitchison & Beger. Ottawa . . . Hapeman & Graham, | Ishpeming. - Henry Harwood. UTAH. Paw Paw Lake Linden. Adolph F. Isler. Wilbur A. Pratt. .. Wilbur A.IT Lansing . . . A. M. Emery. Peoria P. A. Cramer. ... J. F. Dorius & Co. Ephraim Manistee . . J. E. Somerville. Polo . . . . J. L. Spear. Marquette . . H. H. Stafford & Son. Pontiac . . . J. S. Murphy & Co. WASHINGTON. Rochelle ... J. C. Kimmel, Jr. .. A. W. Hartong. Mason Michigamme. Henry J. Atkinson. Ellensburg. . D. W. Morgan. Rock Island . R. Crampton & Co. Muskegon .. H. D. Baker. Rockford .. H. H. Waldo. Olympia ... M. O'Connor. Muskegon.Fred L, Reynolds. I Olympia . . . J. Benson Starr. Shelbyville. . J. B. Isenberg & Co. North Lansing Gardner & Robertson, Seattle... Lowman&Hanford Co. Springfield . . Frank Simmons. Shelby ..: J. W. Runner. Spokane Falls. J. W. Graham & Co. Sterling . . . Bates & Conant. Tacoma ... Oscar Nuhn. Virginia . . . W. R. Wood. MINNESOTA. Walla Walla · Stine Brothers. Washington . A. Alphonso. Waukegan . . George S. Wheeler. Fergus Falls. N. J. Mortensen. Waverly . . W. B. Rogers. Mankato WISCONSIN. .. Stewart & Holmes. Wilmington . C, K, Charlton. Minneapolis . Clark & McCarthy. Appleton . . C. F. Rose & Co. Woodstock . . L. T. Hoy. Minneapolis Chas. D. Whitall & Co. Eau Claire . . Book & Stationery Co. Verndale .. A. S. McMillan. Evansville . . W. T. Hoxie. INDIANA. Kenosha .. George M. Melville. MISSOURI. Columbus .. George E. Ellis. Menominee. . F. D. Johnson. Fort Wayne . Stahn & Heinrich. | Kansas City . M. H. Dickinson & Co. Milwaukee . . T. S. Gray & Co. Frankfort .. Coulter, Given & Co. Liberty ... B. F. Dum. Oconto . . . S. W, Ford. Indianapolis, Bowen-Merrill Co. St. Louis . . Philip Roeder. Stevens Point. H. D. McCulloch Co. Lebanon ,, G. W. Campbell. St. Louis .. C. Witter. Sturgeon Bay. Louis Reichel. 372 [Feb., 1892. THE DIAL ROBERT BONNER’S SONS' NEW BOOKS. A New Book by the Author of “ The Beads of Tasmer.” THE LITTLE COUNTESS. By E. vox DIXCKLAGE. Trans- MRS. BARR'S SHORT STORIES. FEMMETIA'S STRANGE 1 lated from the German by S. E. Boggs. With illustrations by Warren B. Davis. 12mo, 318 pages, handsomely bound EXPERIENCE, AND OTHER STORIES. By AMELIA E. BARR, ; author of " A Bow of Orange Ribbon,” “The Beads of in cloth, $1.00; paper cover, 50 cents. Tasmer,” “Jan Vedder's Wife,” etc. 12mo, 350 pages. “The Little Countess" is a delightful novel. It is full of With portrait of the author and numerous illustrations. life and movement, and, in this respect, is superior to most Handsomely bound in cloth. Price, $1.23 ; paper cover, translations from the German. It is distinctly a story to be 50 cents. read for pure enjoyment. The little Countess belongs to an ancient and noble family. She is left an orphan in a lonely THE BEADS OF TASMER. By Mrs. AMELIA E. BARR. old castle, with a few servants and pets. Her heroic ten 12mo, 395 pages, handsomely bound in English cloth. Beau- sustains her in every trial. The part played by an American tifully illustrated by Warren B. Davis. Uniform with “A girl in the story is very amusing, and shows what queer ideas Matter of Millions ” and “The Forsaken Inn," by Anna are entertained of American women by some German novelists. Katharine Green. $1.25 ; paper, 50 cents. A SON OF OLD HARRY. A Novel. By ALBION W. THE CHAUTAUQUANS. By John HABBERTON, author TOURGÉE, author of " A Fool's Errand,” “Bricks without of “Helen's Babies," etc. With illustrations by Warren Straw,” “ Figs and Thistles," "Hot Plowshares," etc. B. Davis. 12mo, :351 pages, handsomely bound in cloth, Illustrated by Warren B. Davis. 12mo, $1.50. $1.25; paper cover, 50 cents. THE CARLETONS. By ROBERT GRANT, author of " Mrs. All interested in the famous Chautauquan reading-circles Harold Stagg." "Confessions of a Frivolous Girl,'' etc. Illus- will welcome this novel. All who have been to Chautauqua trated by Wilson de Meza. 12mo, 309 pages, illustrated, will recognize the perfect truth of the descriptions. The novel handsomely bound in cloth, $1.00; paper cover, 50 cents. is an encyclopædia of information about getting up a Chau- tauqua circle. It tells in an amusing way the effect of start- MADEMOISELLE DESROCHES. Translated from the ing a movement in a country village, and the enthusiasm which French of ANDRÉ THEURIET, by META DE VERE. With it arouses among young and old when once the organization illustrations by Harry C. Edwards. 12mo, 320 pages, illus- gets into working order. Mr. Habberton is a veteran story trated, handsomely bound in cloth, $1.00; paper cover, 50c. teller, and his new story is full of interest. There are in it LITTLE HEATHER-BLOSSOM. (ERICA.) Translated many humorous orous and pathetic situations. The rich variety of characters in a typical Anierican village affords the author a from the German of Frau von INGERSLEBEN, by MARY J. SAFFORD. With choice illustrations by Warren B. Davis. great opportunity for introducing interesting portraits and sketches. Altogether, the book is one of the most notable 12mo, 170 pages, handsomely bound in cloth, $1.00; paper literary achievements which the Chautauqua movement has cover, 50 cents. brought forth. A MATTER OF MILLIONS. By AxxA KATHARINE GLORIA. By Mrs. E, D, E, N. SOUTHWORTH, author of GREEN. Bound volume, $1.70; paper cover, 50 cents. “The Hidden Hand," "The Unloved Wife,”“Lilith,”! EUGENIE GRANDET. By HONORÉ DE Balzac. Bound “Unknown," "A Leap in the Dark," "Nearest and Dear volume, $1.00; paper cover, 50 cents.. est," ** For Woman's Love," "The Lost Lady of Lone,” “David Lindsay," etc. Beautifully illustrated by F. A. THE IMPROVISATORE. Translated from the Danish of Carter. 12mo, :318 pages, handsomely bound in cloth, $1.00; Hans CHRISTIAN ANDERSEN, Bound volume, $1.00; paper paper cover, 50 cents. cover, 50 cents. THE TWO HUSBANDS; OR, BURIED SECRETS. By Mrs. PAOLI, THE WARRIOR BISHOP; OR, THE FALL OF HARRIET LEWIS, author of "Her Double Life," " Lady THE CHRISTIANS. By W. C. KITCHIN. Bound volume, Kildare," etc. Beautifully illustrated by F. A. Carter. $1.00; paper cover, 30 cents. 12mo, 402 pages, handsomely bound in cloth, $1.00; paper THE FORSAKEN INN. By Anna KATHARINE GREEN. cover, 50 cents. Illustrated by Victor Perard. Bound in cloth, $1.50; paper UNDER OATH. An Adirondack Story. By JEAN KATE cover, 50 cents. LUDLUM. Bound volume, $1.00; paper cover, 50 cents. HER DOUBLE LIFE. By Mrs. Harriet LEWIS. Bound COUSIN PONS. From the French of Honoré de Balzac. volume, $1,00; paper cover, 50 cents. Bound volume, $1.00; paper cover, 50 cents. UNKNOWN. By Mrs. E. D. E. N. SotthWORTH. Bound THE UNLOVED WIFE. 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By Mrs. E. D. E. S. SOUTH- of E. WERNER. Bound volume, $1.00; paper cover, 50c. WORTH. Bound volume, $1.00; paper cover, 50 cents. BERYL'S HUSBAND. By Mrs. HARRIET Lewis. Bound THE BAILIFF'S SCHEME. By Mrs. Harriet Lewis. volume, $1.00; paper cover, 50 cents. Bound volume, $1.00; paper cover, 50 cents. A LOVE MATCH. By SYLVANUS COBB, Jr. Bound vol- A LEAP IN THE DARK. By Mrs. E. D, E. N. SOUTH- ume, $1.00; paper cover, 50 cents. WORTH. Bound volume, $1.00; paper cover, 30 cents. For sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent by mail, postpaid, upon receipt of price, by ROBERT BONNER’S SONS, PUBLISHERS, corner William and Spruce Sts., NEW YORK. HARV COLLEGE MARņ 1892 LIB BI ARY. THE DIAL A Montbly Journal of Current Literature PUBLISHED BY $1.50 A. C. MCCLURG & co. 1 a year CHICAGO, MARCH, 1892. Vol. XII.) EDITED BY No. 143. I FRANCIS F. BROWNE HARPER'S MAGAZINE FOR MARCH HARPER & BROTHERS' NEW BOOKS. The World of Chance. SELECTIONS FROM LUCIAN. A Novel. Part First. By WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS. Translated by EMILY JAMES SMITH. 16mo, cloth, ornamental, uncut edges and gilt top, $1.25. The Capitals of the Northwest. By JULIAN RALPH. ROWENY IN BOSTON. Dorothy. A Novel. By MARIA Louise Pool, author of "Dally," etc. Post 8vo, cloth, ornamental, $1.25. A Story. By CONSTANCE FENIMORE WOOLson. Illustrated by C. S. REINHART. VISCOUNT PALMERSTON, K.G. London of George the Second. By the MARQUIS OF LORNE, K.T. With Photogravure Por- By WALTER BESANT. With Illustrations by E. A. ABBEY, trait. Crown 8vo, cloth, $1.00. (A new volume in “The F. V. DUMOND, and W. C. FITLER. Queen's Prime Ministers Series."') Alphonso XII. Proclaimed King of Spain. THAT ANGELIC WOMAN. A New Chapter of My Memoirs. By Mr. DE BLowitz. A Novel. By JAMES M. Ludlow, author of "A King of Tyre," etc. 16mo, cloth, ornamental, $1.00. From the Black Forest to the Black Sea. Part Second. By POULTNEY BIGELOW. Illustrated by AL| LOVE LETTERS OF A WORLDLY WOMAN. FRED PARSONS and F. D. MILLET. By Mrs. W. K. CLIFFORD, author of "Mrs. Keith's Crime,'' “America for the Americans.” etc. 16mo, cloth, ornamental, uncut edges and gilt top. (Nearly Ready.) By EDWARD ANTHONY BRADFORD. CREASY'