364 SEVEN DAYS BOOK. Bd. Noay, 1887 BP304.1 . GILL: 16 CHRISTOS ECCLESIA ANGI HARV SIAE AOD ARU: C Diego : ca DVIN a VINY LORES FROM THE BRIGHT LEGACY. Received Il. Mayu.1885.- - 16 April, 1886. Descendants of Henry Bright, jr., who died at Watertown, Mass., in 1636, itre entitled to hold scholarships in Harvard College, estab. lished in 18So under the will of JONATHAN BROWN BRIGHT of Waltham, Mass., with one half the income of this Legacy. Such descendants failing, other persons are eligible to the scholarships, The will requires that this announcement shall be made in every book added to the Library under its provisions. RA GEN NAS UZ THE DIAL 19-2 1 Monthly Journal of CURRENT LITERATURE. VOLUME VI. MAY, 1885, TO APRIL, 1886. CHICAGO: A. C. McClURG & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. 1886. врзан, 1 . . . . - . . INDEX TO VOLUME VI. . . . . . . . . . . . .. · . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . · . . · . . . Meloilla · . . · . . ADAMS, SAMUEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W. F. Poole . . . . . . . . 65 AMERICA, A REDISCOVERED DISCOVERY OF . . . . . . . Selim H. Peabody . . . . . . 91 AMERICA, WINSOR'S NARRATIVE AND CRITICAL HISTORY OF . . W. F. Poole . . . . . . . . 317 AMERICAN POLITICAL IDEAS, JOHN FISKE ON . . . . . . . Richard T. Ely . . . . . . . 16 ASTRONOMY, POPULAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Edward 8. Holden . . . . . . 246 BACON, FRANCIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Melville B. Anderson . . . . . 118 BANCROFT's Pacific Coast HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 BISMARCK, LOWE's LIFE OF . . . . . . . . . . . . Herbert Tuttle . . . . . . . 295 Books, OF MAKING MANY . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alexander C. McClurg. . . . . 8 BOWLES, SAMUEL, LIFE AND TIMES OF . . . . . . . . . Washington Gladden . . . . . 271 BROWN, John, SANBORN'S LIFE OF . . . . . . . . . . David Utter . . . . . . . . 139 BUNYAN, John Brown's LIFE OF . . . . . . . . . . . George C. Noyes . . . . . . . 298 CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE, HISTORY OF ... David H. Wheeler . . . 273 CONGO, THE FREE STATE ON THE . . . . . . . . . . Van Buren Denslow . . . . . 88 DEMOCRACY, AN ENGLISH VIEW OF . . . . . . . . . . James 0. Pierce . . . . . . . 293 DEWITT, JOHN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Herbert Tuttle . . . . . . . 205 DORÉ, GUSTAVE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sara A. Hubbard . . . . . . 145 ECONOMIC WORKS, RECENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . Albert Shaw . . . . . . . . 210 ENGLISH LAW FOR THE PEOPLE . . . . . . . . . . . James 0. Pierce . . . . . . . 141 ENGLISH LITERATURE, A New MANUAL OF . . . . . . . . Edward Tyler . . . . . . . 48 ENGLISH PROSE STYLE, SAINTSBURY ON . . . . . . . . . Melville B. Anderson . . . . . 323 FICTION, RECENT . . . . . . . . . . William Morton Payne . . 120, 178, 299 GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD . . . . . . . . . . . . . Samuel Willard . . . . . . . 169 GERMAN LITERATURE, SCHERER's . . . . . . Melville B. Anderson ..... 296 GOLD AND SILVER . . . . . . . .. A. L. Chapin .. .. 277 GORDON'S JOURNALS AT KARTOUM . . . . . . Robert Nourse . . . . GREVILLE MEMOIRS, THE . . . . . . . . . . . . . Woodrow Wilson . . . . . . . 269 HAMILTON, ALEXANDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L. H. Boutell . . . . . . . 5 HOLLAND'S RISE OF INTELLECTUAL LIBERTY . . . . . . . J. H. Crooker . . . . . . . 13 HUGO, VICTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Melville B. Anderson . . . . . 33 Hugo, VICTOR. —THREE SONNETS . . . . . . . . . . . William Morton Payne . . . . . 35 HUGUENOT EMIGRATION TO AMERICA . . . . . . . . . Charles Kendall Adams . . . . 36 HUMAN SOUL, THE REVELATION OF A . . . . . . . . . Horatio N. Powers . . . . . . 320 JACKSON, HELEN Hunt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sara A. Hubbard . . . . . . 109 MARIUS THE EPICUREAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Horatio N. Powers . . . . . . 90 MARSHALL, CHIEF-JUSTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . Melville W. Fuller . . . . . . 10 MARTINEAU'S ETHICAL THEORIES . . . . . . . . . . . George Batchelor . . . . . . 95 MCMASTER's HISTORY , . . . . . . . . W. F. Poole . . . . . . . . 110 MIDDLETON, THOMAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R. H. Stoddard . . . . . . . 114 NAPOLEON, Ropes's LIFE OF . . . . . . . . . . . . Theodore Ayrault Dodge . . . . 242 NATURAL HISTORY IN THE TROPICS . . . . . . . . . . George C. Noyes . . . . . . . 244 NATURAL LAW IN THE SPIRITUAL WORLD . . . . . . . . Helen A. F. Cochrane . . . . . 116 PAINTING OF THE RENASCENCE, THE . . . . . . . . . . Walter Cranston Larned... 325 PASTEUR AND HIS WONDERFUL EXPERIMENTS . . . . . . . Henry M. Lyman . . . . . . 14 PATTISON, MARK . . . . . . . . . . . . . Melville B. Anderson ..... PHEIDIAS, THE ART OF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Francis W. Kelsey . . . . . . 241 PHILOSOPHICAL WORKS, RECENT . . . . . . . . . . . John Bascom . . . . . . . . 143 POETRY AS A REPRESENTATIVE ART. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 POETRY, CLASSICAL, THE RISE OF . . . . . . . . . . Melville B. Anderson . . . . . 213 POETRY, RECENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . William Morton Payne . . . . 39, 246 44 · . · . . · · . ..... · . · . . · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · . · . · . . INDEX. · 35 · -- - -- --- - - POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE, NEW STUDIES IN . . . . Albert Shar . . . . . . 72 PREHISTORIC PALACE OF THE KINGS OF TIRYNS. . . . . . Paul Shorey . . . . . . . . 274 PRIMEVAL EDEN, THE QUEST FOR THE . . . . . . . . . Martin L. D'Ooge . . . . . . 67 REVISED OLD TESTAMENT, THE . . . . . . . Edward L. Curtis . . . RUSSIA—TZAR AND NIHILIST . . . . . . . . . . . . N. M. Wheeler . . . . . . . 45 SAPPHO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louis Dyer . . . . . . . . 87 SHAKESPEARE, WHITE'S STUDIES IN . . . . . . . . . . David H. Wheeler . . . . . . 208 SPENCER ON ECCLESIASTICAL INSTITUTIONS . . . . . . . . John Bascom . . . . . . . . 272 STEDMAN'S POETS OF AMERICA . . . . . . . . . . . . Horatio N. Powers: . . . . . : 172 TILDEN'S PUBLIC WRITINGS AND SPEECHES . . . . . . . . Slason Thompson . . . . . . 174 WILLIS, N. P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Egbert Phelps . . . . . . . 68 · · · · . . · · . .....: . · · . . · · . · · · · · . · · · TITLES OF BOOKS REVIEWED. . . . . 222 52 126 253 80 36 00 : · · 218 218 246 Abbey's Poems . . . . . . . . . . . 250 | Brabourne's Friends and Foes from Fairy Land 221 Abbott's (E. A.) Francis Bacon . . . . . 118 Bradley's (Mary) Hidden Sweetness . . . . 218 Abbott's (C. C.) Upland and Meadow . .. . 328 Brennan's Popular Exposition of Electricity. . 20 Agassiz's Life and Correspondence . . . . 182 Briggs's American Presbyterianism . . . . 79 Agge's and Brooks's Marblehead Sketches . . 99 Brooks (Charles T.), Poems and Memoir of : 99 Aldrich's Poems . . . . . . . . . . 251 Brooks's (E. S.) Heroic Boys . · · · 220 Allen's Biography of Darwin i . . . . . 255 Brooks's (E. S.) No Man's Land. Allen's For Maimie's Sake . . . . . . . 302 Brown's (Francis) Assyriology . . . . . . Allison's (Mrs.) Men, Women, and Money . . 53 Brown's (John) John Bunyan . . . . . . 298 American Catalogue, The, 1876 to 1884. . . 184 Bryant's (John H.) Poems Written from Youth Amiel's Journal . . . . . . . . . . . 320 to Old Age . . . . . . . . 150 Andrews's (Jane) Ten Boys Who Lived on the Buchheim's Materials for German Prose Compo- Road From Long Ago to Now. . : . 221 sition inventures of Timias Terrystone 123 Arnold's The Secret of Death, and Other Poems 41 Bunce's The Adventures of Timias Terrystone 123 Arnold's The Songs Celestial . . . . . . Butterworth's Zigzag Journeys in the Levant . 220 Art for Young Folks . . . . . . . . 219 Byron's Childe Harold, Illustrated . . . 217 Astor's Valentino . . . . . . . . . 302 . 302 Cable's The Silent South . . . . . . . . 255 At the Red Glove. ... . . . . Caird's Social Philosophy and Religion of . 124 Bacourt's Souvenirs of a Diplomat. . . . . 183. Comte . . . . . . . . . . 143 Bagebot's Postulates of Political Economy . . 211 Calendars for 1886 . 219 Bailey's Talks Afield . . . . . Caryl's Davy and the Goblin .. . Baird's Huguenot Emigration to America. . Cassell's Magazine of Art for igen ..221 Ball's The Story of the Heavens. . . . Century Magazine, Vol. XXX. Ballou's Due South . 151 Champney's: (Miss) Three Vassar Girls in Italy 222 Balzac's La Duchesse de Langeais, and After Chanson de Roland . . . . . . . . . 44 Dinner Stories . . . . . . . . . 256 | Chatauqua Press Series .. S series . . . . . . . . 151 Balzac's Père Goriot . . . . . . . . . 182 Chesneau's The English School of Painting. 18 Bancroft (H. H.), Works of .. . . . . . . 176 Christiani's Principles of Expression in Piano- Bancroft's (H. H.) Alaska : . i . 303 forte Playing . . . . . . . . . 186 Barker's Decree of Starre-Chamber Concerning Christmas Cards . . . . . . . . . . 219 Printing-Reprinted by the Grolier Club. 8 Classics for Children. . Barnard's Talks about the Weather . . . 283 Clement's (Mrs.) Outline History of Sculpture 218 Bartholdi's Statue of Liberty Enlightening the Cleveland's (Miss) George Eliot's Poetry, and World .'. '. . . Other Studies . . . . . . . 98 Bauer, Karoline, Memoirs of . . Clifford's Common Sense of the Exact Sciences 78 Beard's Humor in Animals .. . . . 281 Compayre's History of Pedagogy . . . . . 330 Beckwith's The Bacchantes of Euripides . 280 Cone's (Miss) Oberon and Puck . . . . . 252 Beers's Nathaniel Parker Willis. 68 Conway's A Family Affair . . . . . . . 181 Beers's The Prose Writings of N. P. Willis : . 68 Conway's Slings and Arrows . . . . . . 182 Benjamin's Longfellow Collector's Handbook . 100 Cooley's Michigan . . . . . . . 148 Bible, The Holy, Revised Version . . . . . 35 Coverdale's The Fall of the Great Republic. 53 Bigelow's Writings and Speeches of Tilden. . 174 Cox's Lives of Greek Statesmen . . . . 80, 331 Birney's (Mrs.) Biography of Sarah and Ange Craddock's Down the Ravine. lina Grimké. . . . . . . . . . 125 Craddock's Prophet of the Great Smoky Moun- Blackie's What Does History Teach? ... 330 tains . . . . r. . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 . . Crane's Italian Popular Tales . . . . . Bolton's (Mrs.) Lives of Poor Boys Who Became se . 256 Famous . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Crawford's Zoroaster . . . . . . . . . 122 Bolton's (Mrs.) Social Studies in England : : 306 Croll's Discussions on Climate and Cosmology 329 Bonar's Malthus and His Work. : . . 211 | Custer's (Mrs.) Boots and Saddles. . · 19 Bonney's (Miss C. L.) The Wit and Wisdom of Dall's (Mrs.) What We Really Know About Bulwer . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Shakespeare . . . . . . . . : 254 Bourke's Apache Campaign ....... 331 | D'Anvers's Heroes of American History . : : 220 • 51 : . : . : . : : 126 . . 149 :.: . 123 INDEX. - - -- - 10 . . . . 244 • 179 42 .. 123 . 178 gement of i; 282 328 75 Darmesteter's The Mahdi, Past and Present. 78 Herrick's (Sophie B.) Chapters on Plant Life . 100 Dickens's Complete Poems . . . . . . . 249 Higginson's Larger History of the United States 184 Dobson's At the Sign of the Lyre . . . . . 40 Hitchcock's Etching in America . . . . . 330 Dodge's Patroclus and Penelope . . . . . 51 | Holder's Marvels of Animal Life. 186 Dorr's (Mrs.) Afternoon Songs . . . 251 Holland's The Rise of Intellectual Liberty . . 13 Drummond's Natural Law in the Spiritual | Holmes's A Mortal Antipathy . . . . . . 283 World . . . . . . . . . . . 116 ! Holmes's The Last Leaf, Illustrated . . 215 Dyer's Apology and Crito of Plato . . . . 281 Hornaday's Two Years in a Jungle . . Ebers's Life of Alma Tadema . . 329 Hosmer's Samuel Adams . 6. Eggleston's Strange Stories from History . . 220 Hosmer's The Story of the Jews . . . . . Eliot's (George) Works, Popular Edition . 151 Howard's (Blanche W.) Aulnay Tower. Elliott's Modern Language Notes . . . . . 284 284 Howells's Indian Summer . . . . . . . 302 Ely's Recent American Socialism. Howells's Poems . . . . . . . . . 250 England as Seen by an American Banker, .307 | Howells's The Rise of Silas Lapham. . . . 122 Ewing's (Mrs.) Story of a Short Life . . . 100 Ingelow's (Jean) Favorite Poems, Illustrated . 217 Farmer's History of Detroit and Michigan. . 51 Ingelow's (Jean) Poems of the Old Days and Farrar's (J. A.) Military Manners and Customs 50 | the New . . . . . . . . . . . Field's The Greek Islands and Turkey After Janvier's Color Studies . . . . . . . . 182 the War . ; . . 283 | Jewett's (Sarah ().) A Marsh Island . . Fisher's Outlines of Universal History. . . 306 Keats's Eve of St. Agnes, Illustrated . . . . 218 Fiske's American Political Ideas . . . . . 16 Kennard's (Nina H.) Life of Rachel . . . . 306 Fitch Club, The . . . . . . . . . . 220 | King's The Golden Spike . . . . .:. . 256 Fleming's (George) Andromeda . Kingsley's (Rose G.) The Children of Westmin- Forbes's A Naturalist's Wanderings in the East. ster Abbey. ern Archipelago . . . . . . . . 97 | Knight's History of the Management of Land * Fowler's Drawing in Charcoal and ('ravon. . 255 i Grants for Education in the Northwest Fowler's Handbook of Oil Painting . . 25.5 Territory . . . . . . . . . . 52 Freemantle's The World as the Subject of Re- i Knox's Boy Travellers in South America . , 222 demption . . . . . . . . . . 49 | Knox's Travels of Marco Polo . . . . . . 222 Froude's Oceana . . . . . . . . . 304 | Labberton's Historical Atlas .. 186 Garrison, William Lloyd, Life of . . . . . 169 Lane-Poole's Selections from the Prose Writ- Gerard's The Peace of Utrecht . . . . . 257 ings of Swift:.: · · · · · · : 79 Gilder's Lyrics and Other Poems . . . 249 Lang's Letters to Dead Authors . . . . . Gilman's The Story of Rome. . . . 280 Lansdell's Russian Central Asia ..... Goldsmith's The Hermit, Illustrated . 216 | Lathbury's (Miss) Idyls of the Month . . . 217 Gordon, General, the Christian Hero . . . 79 Laughlin's History of Bimetallism in the . 277 Gordon, Journals of, at Kartoum . . . 94 Laughlin's Study of Political Economy . . . 210 Gosse's From Shakespeare to Pope . . . . 213 | Lawton's The American Caucus System, .. Grant's The Knave of Hearts . . . . . . 302. Lefèvre-Pontalis's Life of John De Witt. . 205 Greey's A Captive of Love . . . 301 i Lodge's Modern Europe . . . . . . . . 330 . 300 Lotze's Outlines of Practical Philosophy, 143 Gréville's Dosia's Daughter .. .. 300 Lowe's Prince Bismarck . . . . . . . . 295 Greville's Journal of the Reign of Queen Vic i Luska's As It Was Written . . . . . . 182 toria . . . . . . . . . . . 269, Lyman's Insomnia and Other Disorders of Sleep 20 Guiney's (Miss) Goose-Quill Papers . . . 53 | McMaster's History of the People of the United Gummere's Handbook of Poetics . . . . . 185 States, Vol. II. . . . . . . . . . 110 Hadley's Railroad Transportation . . . . 212, Macy's Government Text-Book for Iowa Schools 74 Hale's Boys' Heroes . . . . . . . . . 308 Magruder's John Marshall . . . . . . . 10 Hale's Family Flight Through Mexico . . . 222, Maine's Popular Government . . . . . . 293 Ham's Manual Training .. .327 Maitland's Justice and Police . . . . . . 141 Hamilton's Complete Works, Edited by Henry Martineau's Types of Ethical Theory. . Cabot Lodge . . . . . . 20 . 5 , Marvin's The Russians at the Gates of Herat . Hare's Studies in Russia. .. . . . . 99 Masson's Atomic Theory of Lucretius . . . 150 Hare's Wanderings in Spain . . . . 99 | Matthews's The Last Meeting . . . . . . 181 Harland's (Marion) Common Sense in the Nur Mercer's Lenape Stone . . . . . . . . 52 sery . . . . . Meredith's Glenaveril . . . . . : : : : Harpers' Young Folks, vil vi ..... 282 Harpers' Young Folks, Vol. VI. . . . . . 221Merriam's Life and Times of Samuel Bowles · 271 Harrison's (Frederic) The Choice of Books, and Michelangelo Buonarroti, Selected Poems from 45 Other Pieces . . . . . . . . . . 330 Middleton, the Works of . . . . . . . . 114 Harrison's (James A.) The Story of Greece. . 186 Mistral's Mirèio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Harrison's (Mrs.) Bric-a-Brac Stories . . . . 221 Modern Cupid, The ..., ... 217 Harte's By Shore and Sedge. . . . . . . 124 Molesworth's (Mrs.) C's, an Old-Fashioned Story 221 Harte's Maruja . . . . . . . . . . · 180 . Montgomery's Leading Facts of English History 307 Hartmann's Anthropoid Apes . . . . . . 307 Moore's The Queen's Empire . . . . . . 218 Haussonville's The Salon of Madame Necker . 124 i Morris's The Early Hanoverians . . . . . 305 Havard's The Dutch School of Painting . 150 Morrison's Songs for the Little Ones . . . 220 Havergal's (Miss) Songs of The Master's Love, 218 Mrs. Keith's Crime. . e: :.:.: : . . . . . 180 Hawthorne's Love, or a Name. . . . . . 181 Murray's Breakfast Dainties. 217 Henderson's (Mrs.) Practical ('ooking and Din Myers's Outlines of Mediæval and Modern His- ner-Giving . . . . . . . . . . 51. tory . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 Hermes's The Confessions of Hermes . . . . 44 Newcomb's Political Economy . . . . . . 210 2.. ... 283 Creville's Cleopatra. : . . 95 INDEX. . 53 100 272 . . . . . 184 48 18 220 282 == = = = - ---- --_--= - = Newell's Kamehameha . . Sermon on the Mount, The, Illustrated . . . 216 Ninde's (Mary L.) We Two Alone in Europe. 185 Seymour's Introduction to Homer. 280 Noble's The Russian Revolt . . . . . . 45 Sheldon's (H. C.) History of Christian Doctrine 273 Norman's The Broken Shaft, and Other Stories 301 Sheldon's (Mary D.) Studies in General History 280 Olcott's A Buddhist Catechism . . . Shepard's Enchiridion of Criticism . . . . 150 O'Meara's (Kathleen) Madame Mohl and Her Shepard's Young Folks' Roman History . . .220 Salon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 Sherwood's Camp - Fire, Memorial - Day, and Ouida's Othmar. ... . : . . . . . . . 301 Other Poems . . . . . . . . . Packard's Studies in Greek Thought . . . . 331 Short Studies from Nature. . 258 Parkman's Historic Handbook of the Northern Sidney's (Margaret) The Golden West... 219 Tour . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Simpson's Sermons. . Parton's Princes, Authors, and Statesmen . . 151 Smith's Studies in English Literature. .. 185 Pascoe's London of To-Day . . . . . . Smith's (Mrs.) Virginia Cookery Book .. . 53 Pasteur (Louis), Life and Labors . . . . 14 Smith's (R. H.) Science of Business . . . . 213 Pater's Marius the Epicurean . . . . . . 90 Smyth's Progressive Orthodoxy. Pattison's (Mark) Memoirs . . . . . . . 70 Solon's The Art of the Old English Potter . . 282 Pears's The Fall of Constantinople . . . . 257 Spencer's Ecclesiastical Institutions Perrin's Religion of Philosophy . . . . . 143 Spirit of the New Testament . . . . . . 150 Perry's (Nora) For a Woman ... . . 180 Spring's History of Kansas . . Phelps's My Study, and Other Essays . . 307 Stanley (Dean) With the Children. . . . . 19 Phillips's (Maud G.) A Popular Manual of Eng Stanley's (H. M.) The Congo . . . . . 88 lish Literature . . . . . . . . Starrett's (Mrs.) Letters to a Daughter . . . 281 Piatt's (Mrs.) Select Poems . . . . . . . 251 Starrett's (Mrs.) The Future of Educated Women 53 Picard's A Mission Flower . . . . . . . Stedman's Poetical Works . . . . . . . 251 Pierson's (Mrs.) Lives of the Presidents. Stedman's Poets of America. . . . . . . 172 Porter's Incidents and Anecdotes of the Civil Stepniak's Russia Under the Tzars . . . War.. visu: Stevens's Who Spoils Our New English Books 8 Power's (Mrs.) Anna Maria's Housekeeping: : 50 Stevenson's A Child's Garden of Verses . . . 42 Praed's Poems . . . . . . . . . . 40 Stevenson's Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Pratt's St. Nicholas Songs . . . . . . . 220 Hyde . . . . . . . . . . . 301 Pyle's Pepper and Salt . . . . . . . . 221 Stevenson's The Dynamiter . . . . . . . 121 Pyle's Within the Capes . . . . . . . . 123 Stickney's Democratic Government . . . . 73 Rambaud's History of Russia . . . . . . 97 St. Nicholas, Vol. XII. . . . . . . . . 221 Rawle's The Case of the Educated Unemployed 126 Stockton's Rudder Grange, Illustrated . . . 218 Raymond's Poetry as a Representative Art. 326 Story's Fiammetta . . . . 302 Reid's Academica of Cicero . . . O . . . . . . 184 Straus's The Origin of Republican Government Richards's (Ellen H.) Food Materials and Their Adulteration . ... 331 Sumner's Essays in Political and Social Science. 72 Richards's (Laura E.) Four Feet, Two Feet, and Sumner's Protectionism . . . . . . 212 No Feet . . . . . . . Swinburne's A Midsummer Holiday and Other Richards's (Laura E.) Joyous Story of Toto . 221 Poems . . . . . . . . . . 39 Rideing's A Little Upstart . . . . . . . 181 Swinburne's Marino Faliero . . . . . 248 Rodenbough's Afghanistan . . . . . . . 51 Swinburne's Victor Hugo . . . . 305 Romanes's Jelly-Fish, Star-Fish, and Sea- Taylor's (Henry) Autobiography . . . . . 18 Urchins .::.: ini, | Tennyson, Beauties of, Illustrated . . 218 Roosevelt's (Blanche) Life of Doré . · 145 Tennyson's Complete Works, Illustrated . . 216 Roosevelt's (Th.) Hunting Trips of a Ranchman 329 Tennyson's Tiresias and Other Poems . . . 246 Ropes's The First Napoleon .. Thayer's (Miss) The Wild Flowers of Colorado 216 Sadlier's (Agnes) History of Ireland . . . Thomson's The Land and The Book . . . . 218 Saintsbury's English Prose Style , , , , , Thompson's (Maurice) At Love's Extremes . . 123 Saintsbury's Marlborough . . . . . . . 279 Thompson's (Slason) The Humbler Poets. . 252 Salmon's (Lucy M.) History of the Appointing Thorne's (Olive) Bird Ways .. 258 Power of the President . . . . . Tileson's Sugar and Spice . . . . . . . Salter's Die Religion der Moral. . . . . . 307 Toland's The Inca Princess . . . . . . . 218 Saltus's The Philosophy of Disenchantment : 77 Tolstoi's My Religion . . . . . . Sanborn's (F. B.) Life and Letters of John Tolstoi's War and Peace . . . . . . Brown. . . . . . . . . . . 139 Torrey's Birds in the Bush . . . . . Sanborn's (Kate) Vanity and Insanity of Genius 257 Tourgénieff's Annals of a Sportsman, . Sankey's The Spartan and Theban Supremacies 30.5 Treat's (Mary) Home Studies in Nature. Scherer's German Literature. . . . : . . . . 296 | Tromholt's Under the Rays of the Aurora Schley's and Soley's The Rescue of Greely . . 17 Borealis . . . . . . . . . . Schliemann's Tiryns.. Unity Songs Resung : : : : : : : : Schoenhof's The Industrial Situation. ... 305 | Upton (Emory), The Life and Letters of . . . 183 School Officers and Teachers, The Power and Upton's (George P.) Woman in Music, .. 331 Authority of . . . . . . . . . 20 | Verdi's The Infant Philosopher . . . . . . 282 Schwatka's Along Alaska's Great River . . . 256 Vining's An Inglorious Columbus . . 91 Schwatka's Nimrod in the North . . . . . 126 Waldstein's Essays on the Art of Pheidias . . 241 Scidmore's (Miss) Journeys in Alaska, ... 76 Warner's Physical Expression . . . . . . 307 Scott's Through Spain . . . . . . . .? 218 Warren's Paradise Found . . . . . . . Seeley's The First Napoleon . . . . . . 306 | Wauters's The Flemish School of Painting . 19 an Gove: .. in the U. $. ;:rol and social Science. 72 · 222 . . 242 219 323 221 .:: 253 . 299 79 120 . 98 67 INDEX. Weeks's (Clara S.) Text-book of Nursing . . 185 | Williams's (Matthew) The Chemistry of Cookery 50 Welcker's Romer, King of Norway.43 Winsor's Narrative and Critical History of Wells's Fly-Rods and Fly-Tackle . . . . . 19 America : . . . . . . . . . 317 Wells's Practical Economics . . . . . . 212 Winthrop's A Few Words in Defense of an West's The Mother's Manual of Children's Elderly Lady. 22 Diseases . . . . . Witherly's Through the Meadows. . . . . 221 . . . . Westall's Red Ryvington . . . . . . . 124 Woltmann's and Woermann's Painting of the Wharton's Sappho . . . . . . . . . . 87 Renascence . . . . . . . . . . 325 White's (R. G.) Studies in Shakespeare . . . 208 Wonder Stories of Science . . . . . . 127 White's (R. G.) Words and Their Uses . . . 330 Wood's Horse and Man . . . . . . . . 218 White's (J. S.) Young Folks' Pliny ... 222 Wood's Nature's Teachings . . . .. . 217 Whittier's Poems of Nature, Illustrated . . . 215 | Wordsworth's Ode on Immortality, Illustrated 218 Wide Awake for 1885 . . . . .::. .. 221 Wright's (Mrs.) Stories in American History . 220 Williams's (S. E.) Forensic Facts and Fallacies. 141 | Zeisberger (David) Diary of . . . Williams's (Monier) Sakoontala . . . . . . 253 | Zeller's Outlines of Greek Philosophy . . . 281 : · · . 77 Outlines of Greek Phili MISCELLANEOUS. American Library Association, Meeting of . . 153 | Picard's Mission Flower, Location of . .. 223 Browning on Wordsworth . . . . . . . 285 Pocahontas Story, The, Dr. Charles Dean on. 21 Bulwer, Date of Birth, etc. . . . . . . .222 Shakespeare Autograph, An Alleged . . . 258 « First in War," etc., Origin of . . . . . 154 Stevens, Henry, Death of . . . . . . . . 332 Nation, The . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 | White, Richard Grant, Death of . . . . . 22 LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS . . . . . . . 20, 53, 80, 100, 127, 152, 186, 223, 258, 284, 308, 332 TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS . . . . . . 22, 54, 81, 102, 128, 154, 187, 224, 259, 285, 309, 332 BOOKS OF THE MONTH . . . . . . . . . . 23, 55, 81, 102, 129, 155, 188, 224, 259, 285, 309, 333 THE DIAL - Coll. Quy A Monthly Journal of Current Literature CHICAGO, MAY, 1885. PCBLISHED BY JANSEN, MCCLURG & CO. (Vol. VI., No. 61.] TERMS-$1.50 PER YEAR. A Great Issue. First Edition, 250,000. J. J. MGRATH THE MAY CENTURY 106-108-110-112 WABASH AVE. In the number of its pages, and in the size of the first edition, the May Century surpasses CHICAGO. all its predecessors. It is a number especially rich in War Papers, which include: A vigor- ous article by INTERIOR DECORATION GEN.GEO.B. MCCLELLAN in which the writer speaks freely of his rela- SPECIALTIES: tions with Secretary Stanton, and enters fully into the plans and disappointments of ENGLISH ART HANGINGS, The First Advance on Richmond, TAPESTRY WALL PAPERS, and three papers by the ex-Confederates, RAISED FLOCKS FOR PAINTING ON, GEN. JOSEPH E. JOHNSTON, LINCRUSTA-WALTON, GEN. GUSTAVUS W. SMITH IMITATION LEATHERS, and GEN. JOHN D. IMBODEN. VELVET & CHEVIOT PAPERS, Gen. Johnston (whose article is a reply to JAPANESE CHINTZES&LEATHERS Jefferson Davis) commanded against McClel- lan until he was wounded. Gen. 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' years, and especially by the fierce and bloody | struggle of our own time. That we are to-day a united and powerful nation, and not the CONTENTS. weak and hostile fragments of a once great republic, is owing to the triumph of those sen- ALEXANDER HAMILTON. L. H. Boutell ..... 51 timents of nationality which Hamilton strove OF MAKING MANY BOOKS. Alerander 0. McClurg · 8 throughout his life to foster and strengthen. CHIEF-JUSTICE MARSHALL. Melville W. Fuller . . 10 To estimate aright Hamilton's greatness, we need to remember that while he was a many- HOLLAND'S RISE OF INTELLECTUAL LIBERTY. sided man, and great in many different ways, J. H. Crooker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 as statesman, lawyer, financier, orator, writer PASTEUR AND HIS WONDERFUL EXPERIMENTS. and soldier, he was greatest in the successful Henry M. Lyman .............. 14 solution of those difficult problems of civil JOHN FISKE ON AMERICAN POLITICAL IDEAS. government which most profoundly affect Richard T. Ely ............... 16 human welfare, but in respect to which men BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ........... 17 are most liable to err. While the science of Schley's and Soley's The Rescue of Greely.-Ro. political economy was in its infancy, he exhib- manes's Jelly-fish, Star-fish, and Sea-urchins. ited a mastery of its principles which placed Henry Taylor's Autobiography.-Chesneau's The him beside Adam Smith and Turgot. He saw, English School of Painting.-Wauters's The Flem as with an unerring instinct, the kind of gov- ish School of Painting.-Mrs. Custer's Boots and ernment best suited to the needs of a handful Saddles.-Dean Stanley with the Children.-Wells's of people as they emerged from the war of Fly-Rods and Fly-Tackle.-Lyman's Insomnia and Independence, and which would also prove Other Disorders of Sleep.-Marvin's The Russians adequate to the needs of the greatest of at the Gates of Herat.-The Power and Authority nations. Although he had never been in Eu- of School Officers and Teachers.-Brennan's Popu- rope, he was able to forecast the movements lar Exposition of Electricity. of European governments with a correctness LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS ........ 20 that led Talleyrand to say of him, “He divined TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS FOR MAY - 22 Europe.” In his lifetime, it was the fashion of his op- BOOKS OF THE MONTH . . . . . . . . . . . 23 ponents, the State-rights men of that day, to - -- - ------- call him a monarchist. His writings abun- dantly prove the falsity of this assertion. He ALEXANDER HAMILTON.* was, above all things, a practical statesman, Mr. Lodge's beautiful edition of Hamilton's and never wasted an effort in attempts to es- works-one of the most perfect specimens of tablish a government unsuited to the genius of the people. But what he did believe in, book-making ever produced in this country- will be cordially welcomed by every student and saw was essential to the very existence of the nation, was a strong central government, of political history. It promises to be a more supreme in its own domain, springing from the complete edition than the one prepared by Hamilton's son, which has long been out of people and acting directly upon them, and sufficiently expansive to meet the wants of a print; and it comes at a time when men have continental republic. To establish such a gov. begun to estimate more correctly Hamilton's ernment, he exerted to the utmost all the abilities and his services to the country. powers of his richly-gifted nature. This was When New York ratified the Federal Con- the great work of his life; and for this work stitution, the people of that State celebrated he is entitled to rank, not merely among the the event by a festival procession, in which was borne a flag with the portrait of Wash- greatest statesmen of his time, but among the ington on one side and that of Hamilton on the great benefactors of the race. other. The enthusiasm of the hour, which rec- No man ever labored more diligently to pro- duce an enlightened public opinion. His ognized these great men as foremost among the founders of the republic-as the men who tongue and pen were never idle. He had an knew how to build and save a State-has been abiding faith in the ability and disposition of the people to form correct judgments on pub- justified by the political history of succeeding lic affairs when properly instructed. As a * THE COMPLETE WORKS OF ALEXANDER HAMILTON. political controversialist, he had no equal. His bitterest enemy, Aaron Burr, said of him: letters that have not heretofore come into print, and the “If you put yourself on paper with him, you Madison. Edited, with an Introduction and Notes, by are lost.” Jefferson thought that Madison was Henry Cabot Lodge. In nine volumes. New York: G.P. the only person competent to measure swords Putnam's Sons. Including his Private Correspondence, with a number of contributions to "The Federalist" of Hamilton, Jay, and THE DIAL May, -- with him. He was not a literary artist like that it can be wrested from no part of them Burke. His power as a writer consisted in the without the blackest and most aggravated clearness of his statements and the strength of guilt.” His views on this subject, as on every his arguments. He persuaded men, not by other, took a practical form. On the 14th of stirring their passions or charming their fan March, 1779, he wrote a letter of introduction cies, but by convincing their judgments. for his friend, Colonel Laurens, to the Presi- No adequate report of Hamilton's speeches dent of Congress, in which he advised the rais- has been preserved, from which to judge of ing of negro troops in the South. After his powers as an orator; but from the testi- stating the reasons why he thought the negroes mony of the ablest of his contemporaries, and would make good soldiers, and why such a from the effect which his speeches produced, plan seemed necessary for the safety of the we know that he is entitled to rank among the South, he goes on to say: great orators of the world. His greatest “An essential part of the plan is to give them efforts as an orator were put forth in the their freedom with their swords. This will secure Constitutional Convention at Poughkeepsie. their fidelity, animate their courage, and, I believe, When that convention of sixty-five members will have a good influence on those who remain, assembled, forty-six were opposed to the adop- by opening a door to their emancipation. This cir- tion of the Constitution, and only nineteen cumstance, I confess, has no small weight in induc- ing me to wish the success of the project; for the were in favor of it. The opposition to it was dictates of humanity and true policy equally inter- headed by Governor Clinton, one of the most est me in favor of this unfortunate class of men.” astute and influential politicians of his time. Some of the ablest debaters in the State were The first two papers in the volume before arrayed on the same side, and at their head us illustrate the precocity of Hamilton's gen- was Melancthon Smith, a most acute dialecti- ius. Very young men have exhibited marvellous tian. Day after day the great debate went on, skill in music and painting, in mathematics the speeches of Hamilton filling men with and the acquisition of languages. But we wonder at their power, and melting them to know of no other instance in which a boy in tears with their pathos; but on the test votes his eighteenth year has produced such essays the majority against the Federalists was al on government as these papers on the rights of ways two to one. Finally, Melancthon Smith, the colonies. His great admiration for the Eng- overpowered by the arguments of Hamilton, lish Constitution at first inclined him to side gave up his opposition, and one after another with the mother country. But maturer reflec- of his followers joined the Federalists, till on tion satisfied him that the colonies must be the final vote there was a majority of three in governed by laws of their own making, and favor of the Constitution. We know of no be taxed by their own representatives, or lose triumph of oratory in modern times surpassing forever the qualities that made England great. this. The case of the colonies against the mother Although the specimens of Hamilton's ora country was never more ably stated than in tory which are preserved to us are exceedingly these essays. On their first appearance they meagre, it is not difficult to see what was the attracted universal attention, and so marked secret of his oratorical power. He had the was their ability that they were attributed to requisite physical qualities — the charm of the pen of John Jay. From this time on, voice, of eye, of action. He had the requisite Hamilton was constantly seeking, by letters, intellectual equipment-clearness of perception, by pamphlets, and by newspaper articles, to argumentative power, and fullness of informa | impress others with his views of public affairs. tion. And in addition, he had the moral ear- And this he did, though his days and nights nestness, the intensity of conviction and the were full of the most arduous labors. Some of force of will essential to arouse and sway an the papers in this volume were produced amid audience. the confusion and excitement of the camp, Hamilton's loyalty to his adopted country is others were the work of hurried moments one of the most interesting features of his snatched from the exacting labors of the law. An interesting anecdote, illustrative of Hamil- and his devotion to its welfare never wavered. ton's habits in this respect, is related in the And when the clouds of disaster were gather- | autobiography of Jeremiah Mason. Speaking ing thick and dark above it, he exclaimed, "If of William Coleman, the editor of the New this Union were to be broken, it would break | York “Evening Post,” Mr. Mason says: my heart.” Opposition to slavery was no “ His paper for several years gave the leading uncommon thing in these early days, but few! tone to the press of the Federal party. His ac- expressed that opposition so strongly as Ilam quaintances were often surprised by the ability of ilton. “I consider,” he said, “civil liberty, in some of his editorial articles, which were supposed a genuine, unadulterated sense, as the greatest to be beyond his depth. Having a convenient op- portunity, I asked him who wrote, or aided in writ- of terrestrial blessings. I am convinced that ing, these articles. He frankly answered that he the whole human race is entitled to it; and made no secret of it; that his paper was set up under 1885.] THE DIAL - - - the auspices of General Hamilton, and that he as Supreme Court of the United States. At a sisted him. I then asked, “Does he write in your great personal sacrifice he accepted the most paper?' Never a word.' 'How, then, does he assist?: His answer was, "Whenever anything oc- difficult and important place in Washington's curs on which I feel the want of information, I state cabinet; and when he had organized the Treas- the matter to him, sometimes in a note. He ap ury Department so perfectly that his methods points a time when I may see him, usually a late have remained substantially unchanged to the hour of the evening. He always keeps himself present time, and had lifted the nation out of minutely informed on all political matters. As soon as I see him, he begins in a deliberate manner to almost hopeless bankruptcy to a position of dictate, and I to write down in short hand (he was the highest financial credit, and had assisted a good stenographer); when he stops, my article is in shaping that foreign policy which has kept completed.'" us free from the complications of European Hamilton's fame as a financier, as the cre- politics, he returned to the practice of his pro- ator of the national credit, is so great that we fession so poor that little was left him besides are apt to overlook his greatness in other his household furniture. After his retirement respects. But as a lawyer he stood at the head from office, he was constantly consulted by of the New York bar, and his opinion on the Washington on all important affairs, and he constitutionality of the act creating the United spared no pains in giving to every subject sub- States Bank has been a model for all succeed- mitted to him the most thoughtful attention. ing arguments on the implied powers of the So that, although nominally out of office, he Constitution. The manner in which this argu- never ceased to be in the public service. We ment was produced (it was in great part writ- may say of him as Burke said of his dead son: ten in a single night) illustrates the rapidity “He was made a public creature, and had no with which his mind worked, even upon the enjoyment whatever but in the performance of greatest themes. The famous opinion of Chief. some duty." Justice Marshall on this subject was little Hamilton was a man of exceedingly gener- more than a reproduction of Hamilton's argu- ous and kindly disposition. While minutely ments. exact in regard to all his pecuniary obliga- Hamilton began life as a soldier, and though tions, he was ever ready to lend a helping his position as a staff-officer, after the first year hand to others—especially to an old army com- of the war, gave him but little opportunity for rade. He had no personal quarrel even with the display of soldierly qualities, yet Wash- the man who killed him, and made quite an ington was so impressed with his military effort to relieve him from pecuniary embar- abilities that, when placed for the second time rassment only a short time before the fatal in command of the army, he insisted that duel. He died at the age of forty-seven. Had Hamilton should be the next to him in com- he lived to the allotted period of human life, mand. In his letter to President Adams on what might he not have accomplished! His Hamilton's military qualifications, Washington work as the leader of the party in power was said: “He is enterprising, quick in his percep- over, for the government had passed into the tions, and his judgment is intuitively great ; hands of Jefferson and his followers, and was qualities essential to a military character.” We there to remain for the next twenty-one years. have sometimes wondered, had we then gone to But had his life been spared he would have war with France, what new laurels Hamilton enriched our jurisprudence; and he would would have won in fighting the armies of Napo- doubtless have given to the world some work leon. To the close of his life, Hamilton kept on civil government, the fruit of life-long himself ready to obey the call to arms. He never studies, and meditations, and experience in was free from the fear that at any time war public affairs, which would have been a store- might break out with foreign nations, or among house of political wisdom for all coming time. these newly united but jealous States. That A few months before Hamilton's death he might, in such an emergency, be prepared Chancellor Kent spent a night with him in his to command the armies of his country, he felt charming home. In the course of the conver- that he must keep his soldier's reputation with- sation Hamilton spoke of a work on civil out a stain. It was his solicitude for that government which he had in contemplation. reputation that led him to accept Burr's chal- Referring to this, the Chancellor writes: lenge. And so he perished, yielding to the “I have very little doubt that if General Hamilton requirements of a false code of honor, rather had lived twenty years longer he would have than have the suspicion of cowardice tarnish rivaled Socrates or Bacon, or any other of the sages his soldier's fame. of ancient or modern times, in researches after Of all the great men of the Revolution, truth, and in benevolence to mankind. The active Hamilton deserves to stand nearest to Wash- and profound statesman, the learned and eloquent | lawyer, would probably have disappeared in a great ington, for the importance of his services and degree before the character of the sage philosopher, for the unselfishness of his devotion to the instructing mankind by his wisdom. country. He never sought public office. He declined the position of Chief-Justice of the L. H. BOUTELL. THE DIAL [May, OF MAKING MANY BOOKS. * showy and tasteless bindings, are the rule among them. In our present luxurious modes of life, it is The lack of an international copyright is not enough, when we dine, that the champagne doubtless at the root of this as of many greater on the table be of the most delicate flavor, or evils. What we do not pay for, we take no that the viands be cooked most exquisitely; pleasure in adorning. We are satisfied to make they must both be served in the daintiest of a big book at a little price, and we are afraid glass and china. The wine or the entrée might some one else will put the same unowned matter taste almost as well from a coarser goblet or a into a bigger book at a littler price. He will less artistic dish; but the last added effect must pay a cent or two a pound less for paper with be had by serving it in the most delicately ap plenty of wood and clay in it, and will pro- propriate vessel. duce another monstrosity which the dry-goods Yet, when it comes to feeding our intellect stores will commend to a credulous people- ual appetite, we are apt to make an affectation “the bookstores charge one hundred dollars; of Spartan virtue, and to say, “So the thought we sell it for ninety-nine cents.” What shock- be true and high, what care we for the form in ing cruelties and barbarities have been com- which it is housed”? Our lower appetite must mitted in the name of cheapness on the inno- be pampered with the last refinements of min cent works of Scott and Dickens, of Thackeray istering taste; but when it comes to the highest and Macaulay! The unprotected classic is the delight of life—the drinking in of beautiful fairest game. Here you will find the biggish thoughts, of imaginative poetry or creative book, with thick and dingy paper, and bad fiction,- then it matters not how common printing and binding—such as will fill out your and ignoble the cup in which the draught is shelves at a few cents a volume. Better the held. “Franklin Squares” and the “Seasides” than It is trite to say that in most of our houses the pirates' twelve-mos. the furnishing of the table, the painting of the Like many bad things, these are so bad they walls, the carpeting of the floors, and the dec may lead to reform. We can no longer help orating of the furniture, put to shame the seeing the difference between a badly-made books in the library. The books may be many, and a well-made book, and improvement must but they are generally common and poorly follow. We are beginning to look about indus- made. All this is very bad in an age which triously for the beautiful editions of the poets boasts of its enlightenment—even of its cult | made half a century ago by Pickering, and for ure; but when we come to reform it, is the the lovely editions which Moxon made of task easy? Assuredly not. Go into the book Lamb and Coleridge and Wordsworth. But, stores, and wherewithal shall a man be satis unfortunately, there are more of us looking fied? Where shall he find the well-made and for them than there are copies of the books, comely books? He will not have searched far and this makes them high in price, and puts before concluding that in no branch of modern them out of the reach of most of us. Still, there manufacturing are the ideas of beauty and are enough of these books left to tell us what a fitness so totally ignored as in the making of good book is—to show us how moderate the books. A large part of our books are execra size should be, what the proportions of the bly made; many of them are monstrosities, page, how clear and well-arranged the type, and the demon which has ruined them is not how thin and flexible the paper; in short, how far to seek. It is the same demon of Cheap | comely and light and readable the volume ness which has had such a baleful influence should be made. in other directions. Thick, stiff and common Such books, if we will have them, will not, paper, old and worn type, and printing which like everything else that is good, be very would disgrace a country newspaper, with cheap, but they need not be really dear. To insure them, we must have a public, fit and not * A DECREE OF STARRE-CHAMBER CONCERNING PRINT. ING. Made July 11, 1637, Reprinted by the Grolier Club, too few, who like decency in their books as from the First Edition by Robert Barker, 1637. well as in their other surroundings. They WHO SPOILS OUR NEW ENGLISH BOOKS Asked and Answered by Henry Stevens of Vermont Bibliographer pride in having such on their shelves, and will and lover of Books Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Old England and Corresponding Member of the American be willing to pay for them. They will not be Antiquarian Society of New England of the Massachusetts willing to give up the good for the bad because Historical Society and of the New England Genealogical the bad is a little the cheaper. They will Society Life Member of the British Association for the Advancement of Science Fellow of the British Archæo. logical Association and the Zoological Society of London Black Balled Athenæum Club of London also Patriarch of we must have publishers who have conscience Skull & Bones of Yale & Member of the Historical Societies of Vermont New York Wisconsin Maryland &c &c BA and MA of Yale College as well as Citizen of Novi. omagus et cetera London Henry Newton Stevens 115 St tiful thing. They will take much care and Martins Lane over Against the Church of St Martin in the Fields Christmas MDCCCLXXXIV i trouble to consider the matter which they want 1885.7 THE DIAL to put into the book, and to adjust it to the has already published, and, as might be ex- proper form. They will be willing to pay for pected, it is a luxurious piece of work. It is a good, intelligent and workmanlike type-setting reprint of the notorious “Decree of Starre- and careful press-work, and for paper which Chamber Concerning Printing," of 1637, is not cheap because it is made mostly of clay, which so shortly preceded the downfall of and straw. Gradually this extra care and this Charles the First. Paper and printing and slightly increased cost will give us books the proportions of the page are all of the very which the careful few, at least, will be glad to highest order of excellence; but the large size of buy and to read. Where these books are not the type and the lavish leading make it, so illustrated, they will be mainly small books far as general book publishing is concerned, and thin books, because the paper will be thin rather an example of what can be done than a and fine and flexible, although not transparent. pattern of what should be done. It is a sweet- The type will be large enough and clear, but meat, rather than human nature's daily food. there will be much matter in little bulk. But as a thing of beauty it is so excellent that When the books must be made in octavo size, new issues of the Grolier Club are sure to be they will partake of the form and shapeliness looked for impatiently by the favored few at of the forty-four volumes of the Oxford Clas- least. sics, or the eighteen volumes of the “Retro The existence of the Grolier Club is only one spective Review”-models of shapeliness and evidence out of many of the growing impa- symmetry. tience with badly-made books and the demand Let us have cheap books for those who must for better. There has just been published in use cheap books; but as we have the palace car England, by “Henry Stevens of Vermont," for those who are willing to pay for it, so let a little book called “Who Spoils Our New us have really good editions of all our best English Books ?” It is published by his son, authors for those who can and will buy them. “Henry Newton Stevens 115 St. Martins That such editions will come, and come soon, Lane over Against the Church of St. Martin there are unmistakable indications. Many in the Fields Christmas MocccLxxxiv.” Mr. people are beginning to see that they are un Stevens contends that “The manufacture of reasonably asked to put up with trash-that a beautiful and durable book costs little, if in some cases they have asked for a book and anything, more than it does to manufacture a been given a monstrosity. They are beginning | clumsy and unsightly one. Good taste, skill, to seek and treasure the really fine old editions, and severe training are as necessary in the not because they are rare, or because their copy proper production of books as in any other of is a sixteenth of an inch taller than any other the fine arts. The well-recognized lines of copy known to exist, but because they are beauty' are, in our judgment, as essential and beautiful—more beautiful and more readable, as well defined in the one case as in the other.” and perhaps more correct, than any modern But he has no hesitancy in assuring us that edition they can get. In short, the taste for “the production of really fine books adapted to good books is growing, although it may be the honest needs of the public is slowly but more slowly than the taste for other good and surely becoming one of England's lost fine arts." beautiful things. When he comes to look for the sinners who Recently there has been formed in New are responsible for this state of affairs, he York a society of gentlemen of that city and finds them no less than ten different persons elsewhere, who propose in their associated – ten culprits who, wickedly conspiring capacity to lend all possible assistance and together, “spoil our new English books." encouragement to the making of good and They are: (1) the author, (2) the publisher, beautiful books. They call themselves-after (3) the printer, (4) the reader, (5) the com- the old book-lover of the sixteenth century, positor, (6) the pressman or machinist, (7) the the statesman, the gentleman and the scholar, paper-maker, (8) the ink-maker, (9) the book- Count Grolier—the Grolier Club. They are binder, and (io) the consumer. The last, he studying types, printing, paper, bindings; and contends, “ignorant and careless of the beauty they propose, so far as in them lies, to create and proportions of his books, is the greatest a public sentiment which will demand well sinner of all.” And in this Mr. Stevens is made books as it demands good houses and right. An educated and refined consumer is good furniture. As there is a class which the first requisite. The demand must precede knows what good architecture is and will have the supply. But here in America, at least, none other, which knows what good pictures given the former, the latter is sure come. are and will have none other, so they think Mr. Stevens's little book, like the efforts of there should be a class which knows what the Grolier Club, is sure to do good. Both good books are and will have none other. will aid in opening the eyes of the consumer The Grolier Club will not always confine to the fact that he ought to have much better itself to precept, but by way of example it made books than he is getting, and that he can will itself occasionally issue a book. One it I get them at but a slightly increased cost. Mr. 10 [May, THE DIAL Stevens's book—which is printed by Charles CHIEF-JUSTICE MARSHALL.* Whittingham & Company, at the Chiswick Press, with all the luxury of hand-made paper It is not as a Revolutionary soldier, member -naturally challenges, as does the first pub of the Virginia Conventions and Assembly, and lication of the Grolier Club, a close examina of Congress, Envoy to France and Secretary tion. Whether it will altogether please the of State, that we think of John Marshall, but American taste, or the most cultured English as the great magistrate who for thirty-four taste, is doubtful. Why should a very small years held practically unquestioned sway as book of only forty printed pages, including the head of the Supreme Court of the United title pages and all, which contends that the States. well-made book need not be high-priced, come During the period of his incumbency, Ken- to the public at a price of five English shil yon, Ellenborough, Tenterden, and Denman lings?–a price that means in America, when were successively Chief-Justices of England; duties and charges are paid, one dollar and and Eldon, Erskine, Lyndhurst, and Brougham seventy-five cents. Why should a book like were Lord Chancellors. Judge Marshall had this have no pagination? Why should the been a soldier, as had Erskine; and for a short proportions of the page not conform more time a member of the cabinet, as was Ellen- nearly to the long and narrow shape which has borough; but no comparison can be instituted long ago been adjudged the most beautiful ? | between him and either of his eminent con- And why, when this last good precedent has temporaries. His intellect exhibited the com- been disregarded, should the evil precedent be bination of force and lucidity which were followed of thrusting the printed matter close characteristic of Lord Lyndhurst; but the up into the inner corner of the paper—in | latter was more of a politician than a states- other words, of making the top margin and the man, whereas Marshall, if he had remained inner margin absurdly narrow, while the bottom in political life, would have been more of a margin and the outer margin are extravagantly l statesman than a politician. large? Why should a long title-page contain Mr. Magruder compares Judge Marshall to ing many honorable affixes have no punctua Holt and Mansfield. Undoubtedly Chief-Jus- tion? Is there not here more of servile imita tice Holt, in applying the old system to the tion than of intelligent design? In some of wants of a new state of society, may be said to these particulars, certainly, the book of the have dealt in constructive jurisprudence. To Grolier Club is much the better. But Mr. | him is due the regulation of negotiable securi- Henry Stevens of Vermont has long been ties and the settlement of many questions per- known as somewhat of a character; and some- taining to the general law of contracts. The thing of oddity must be allowed to a man noted case of Coggs vs. Bernard, in which he who for years affixed “G. M. B.” to his name, discusses the whole law of bailment, and which which being interpreted was found to mean | Judge Story represents as “a prodigious effort “Green Mountain Boy," and who now puts | to arrange the principles by which the subject upon the title-page of this new book, among is regulated, in a scientific order,” is a striking the affixes which he deems honorable, such as | illustration of the merits of this great judge. Fellow and Member of a long list of learned And Lord Mansfield, in the language of Mr. societies, “Black Balled Athenæum Club of Justice Buller in Lickbarrow vs. Mason, “may London." be truly said to be the founder of the commer- But it would be unfair to finish this article | cial law of England.” without saying that not alone among writers | But, though Holt and Mansfield also contrib- like Mr. Stevens and among consumers like the uted to the expansion of a system of Constitu- members of the Grolier Club, are the signs of tional law, yet the creation of such a system was discontent with badly-made books noticeable. I especially the achievement of Marshall. Many, Many publishers, both in America and in En- perhaps nearly all, of the members of the gland, are already working practically toward Supreme Court have been prominent in poli- the better time coming. When we see pro tics before their elevation to that exalted sta- duced in Great Britain such beautiful new edi. tion. Chief-Justices Taney and Chase, Judges tions as the “Eversley" Kingsley and the new Woodbury and Clifford, are noted examples. ('abinet edition of George Eliot, and in Amer But freedom from partisanship has always char- ica such books as the three-volume edition of acterized the official conduct of every member the Dramatic Works of Sheridan, and the new of this tribunal. Of course its decisions on “Riverside Aldine Classics” —to name no oth- ! what may be termed political questions have ers—we may conclude that the light of a better been in accordance with the general views pre- day is breaking, and that our own age will soon | viously entertained by the majority; as, for give us in plenty books which may stoutly dis-, instance, after the Court had decided against pute the place of honor with any of the old , the constitutionality of the Legal Tender acts, and highly valued editions. *JOHN MARSHALL. By Allen B. Magruder. “American ALEXANDER C. MCCLURG. Statesmen Series." Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1885.] 11 THE DIAL two new judges having been appointed, the pre- | Cranch, 158), decided in 1803, down to 1834, vious decision was reversed, and, the changes nearly forty decisions were given in relation to in the Court continuing, the conclusion has i the powers of the general government together been finally announced with one dissent (that with its own. In the first of these cases, the of the only Democratic justice) that Congress Court held that it had the power to declare an has the power to coin paper and make it law- | act of Congress void when in its judo ment re- ful money. There is no reason to doubt that pugnant to the Constitution. In Fletcher vs. this is the result of the honest convictions of Peck (6 Cranch, 87), an act of the State legis- the members of the Court, and this will be now lature was declared void on the same ground. admitted to be also true of the decision in the In the Dartmouth College case (4Wheaton, 518), celebrated Dred Scott case. the Court held that a grant of corporate powers The fundamental principle of the Democratic is a contract the obligation of which the States party has always been that the Constitution of are inhibited to impair. In McCulloch vs. The the United States should be strictly construed. | State of Maryland (4 Wheaton, 316), the act The fundamental principle of the Federal party incorporating the United States Bank was pro- and its successors has been that the Constitu nounced constitutional, and the power of Mary- tion should receive a latitudinarian construction, land to tax the branch in that State denied. and that the Government should be made as In Cohens vs. State of Virginia (6 Wheaton, powerful in the internal administration of the 264), the Court held that in the exercise of its whole country as in the management of its appellate jurisdiction it could review the judg- foreign affairs. Only a month previous to the ment of a State court, in a case arising under inauguration of Mr. Jefferson, Mr. Marshall, the Constitution, laws, and treaties of the then Secretary of State and a pronounced Fed. United States. Gibbons vs. Ogden (9 Wheaton, eralist, became Chief-Justice; and during his 1), was briefly this: New York granted to long leadership the current of decision was | Livingston and Fulton, for a term of years, the distinctively upon the Federal line of govern exclusive right to navigate with steamboats the mental theory. The view of our author re waters of that State; and Ogden derived his specting this is thus expressed: right to run such boats between Elizabethtown, New Jersey, and the City of New York, under “ Marshall's decisions have always been regarded as wise and fortunate for the nation. No judge or them. Gibbons claimed the right to do so lawyer enjoys a greater or more deserved reputation under licenses granted under the laws of Con- as a constitutional jurist. Yet it is true that in gress. The New York courts sustained the many of the causes before him,-take, for example, validity of the State laws. Webster and Wirt the famous one involving the constitutionality of appeared for Gibbons, and Emmet and Oakley the United States Bank,-he could have given op- posite decisions, had he been so minded, and as for Ogden. The Court adopted the proposition a matter of pure law these opposite decisions of Mr. Webster, that Congress has the exclu- might often have been just as good as those which sive authority to regulate commerce, in all its he did give. Ploughing in fresh ground, he could forms, on all the navigable waters of the United run his furrows in what direction he thought best, States, their bays, rivers, and harbors, without and could make them look straight and workman- like. He had no rocks in the shape of authorities, any monopoly, restraint, or interference created no confusing undulations in collections of adjudica by State legislation. In these, and many other tions tending in one or another direction. He was cases, the Chief-Justice delivered the opinion making law; he had only to be logical and consistent of the Court, displaying that wonderful rea- in the manufacture. He made Federalist law in nine cases out of ten, and made it in strong, shapely soning power which has rendered his judicial fashion. A Republican judge, however, would have utterances so celebrated. brought about a very different result, which, as we In mere juridical learning he has been sur- believe, would have been vastly less serviceable to passed by some, but in the power of pure rea- the people, but of which the workmanship in a strictly professional and technical view might have son by none. His colleague, Mr. Justice been equally correct." Story, eminent as a judge, an author, and a teacher, will be chiefly remembered for those The Constitution provides that the Constitu elaborate works which led Lord Campbell to tion and the laws made in pursuance thereof refer to him in the House of Lords as “the “shall be the supreme law of the land; and the first of living writers on the law,” and in judges in every State shall be bound thereby, which he displayed a prodigality of learning anything in the Constitution or laws of any in every branch of jurisprudence. This the State to the contrary notwithstanding”; and the Chief Justice had not; but he possessed, to a Federal judiciary exercises the power to con degree rarely, if ever, equalled, the faculty of clusively define the boundary-line between detecting at once the very point on which the Federal and State powers, while it has always disposition of the controversy depended and of at the same time held that it cannot interfere resolving every argument into its ultimate with the political exercise of power by Con principles, and then applying them to the de- gress or the President. cision of the cause. It is even asserted that, at From the case of Marbury vs. Madison (1) the close of one of his admirable opinions, 12 [May, THE DIAL - ---- - - Judge Marshall said: “These seem to me to ing faculty which ought always to belong to those be the conclusions to which we are conducted who sit on this bench, to discover its only imperfec- by the reason and spirit of the law. Brother tion: its want of resemblance." Story will furnish the authorities.” The court held that the character of the ves- Within the limits of this article, quotation sel and of the cargo remain as distinct in that is impracticable from decisions which must be as in any other case. read to be fully appreciated. The result of Judge Marshall presided upon the trial of those bearing on the powers of Congress is that | Burr for treason, and his discharge of the Congress may pass pretty much any law to great responsibility then resting upon him carry a granted power into execution, since, even remains a monument to his judicial firmness though not actually necessary, Congress by and impartiality. His eloquent denunciation passing it shows that it deems it necessary. of the fear of consequences in making rulings This is upon the principle stated in McCulloch compelled by his legal conclusions, reminds vs. State, that a government which has a right ! one of Lord Mansfield's celebrated outburst to do an act, and has imposed upon it the duty in the case of Wilkes: of performing that act, must be allowed to “That this Court does not usurp power is most select that means which seems to it necessary true. That this Court does not shrink from its and proper. duties is not less true. No man is desirous of plac- While Marshall's fame will chiefly depend ing himself in a disagreeable situation. No man is desirous of becoming the peculiar subject of cal- upon his masterly treatment of constitutional umny. No man, might he let the bitter cup pass questions, yet it is not to be inferred that he from him without reproach, would drain it to the was not eminent in other departments. The bottom. But if he has no choice in the case, if present Chief Justice well says: there is no alternative presented to him, but a dere- liction of duty or the opprobrium of those who are “He kept himself at the front on all questions of denominated the world, he merits the contempt as constitutional law, and consequently his master-hand well as the indignation of his country, who can is seen in every case which involved that subject. | hesitate which to embrace.” At the same time, he and his co-workers, whose Truly he might have exclaimed: “Ego hoc names are some of them almost as familiar as his animo semper fui, ut invidiam virtute partum, own, were engaged in laying deep and strong the foundations on which the jurisprudence of the gloriam non invidiam, putarem." country has since been built. Hardly a day now Colonel Benton thus speaks of Chief Justice passes in the court he so dignified and adorned Marshall: without reference to some decision of his time, as “He was supremely fitted for high judicial sta- establishing a principle which, from that day to this, has been accepted as undoubted law." tion: a solid judgment, great reasoning powers, acute and penetrating mind, with manners and hab- The Chief Justice, and the accomplished its to suit the purity and the sanctity of the ermine: attentive, patient, laborious ; grave on the bench, Brockholst Livingston, did not willingly con- social in the intercourse of life, simple in his tastes, sent to the adoption of the English prize law and inexorably just.” as the law of this country. Mr. Pinkney, to The volume before us strictly sustains the whose efforts the naturalization of that law accuracy of the portrait, and presents in a suc- may be attributed, declared that the Chief-l cinct and compendious form the life and char- Justice had a marvellous incapacity for ad- acter of this eminent man and the elements miralty law; yet his judgments in this branch which went to make up his greatness. We see of the law-such as those in Rose vs. Himely him in the discharge of all the duties of ex- (4 Cranch, 241), “The Exchange” (9 Cranch, alted office and in the walks of private life. 116), and “The Nereide” (9 Cranch, 430), are and the author is particularly felicitous in the considered as of the highest order. The ques- representation of his buoyancy of spirits, his tion in “The Nereide" was whether a hostile | kind and playful temperament, the zest with force added to a hostile flag infects with a hos which he enjoyed the pleasures of the table or tile character the goods of a friend; and Mr. I the club. Numerous personal incidents are Pinknev had argued, with great rhetorical narrated in illustration of the simplicity of his power, that the goods of a neutral placed on character; but there is none more striking than board of an armed vessel of an enemy had i the fact that the head of the most powerful tri- forfeited their neutral character. Marshall, C. 1 bunal on earth never retired to rest without J., said: repeating the Lord's Prayer and the lines com- “ With a pencil dipped in the most vivid colors, mencing “Now I lay me down to sleep.” As the years pass, the fame of this great man con- and guided by the hand of a master, a splendid portrait has been drawn, exhibiting this vessel | tinues to shine with undiminished lustre, and so and her freighter as forming a single figure, com- will continue until the firmament from whence posed of the most discordant materials of peace and beam the glories of Tribonian and D’Aguesseau, war. So exquisite was the skill of the artist, so of Hale and Mansfield, is rolled together like dazzling the garb in which the figure was presented, that it required the exercise of that cold investigat- | a scroll, MELVILLE W. FULLER. 1885.] THE DIAL 13 -- - - -- -------- -- -------- - - -- HOLLAND'S RISE OF INTELLECTUAL indefatigable collector of facts of a certain LIBERTY.* kind. But he has not added to our stock of historical truth. He has not brooded over the In this substantial and attractive volume, Mr. facts until their organic relations have been Holland attempts “to show how thought was revealed; he has not grouped events so that set free and new truth brought to light, during they illustrate historic laws and processes; he the twenty-two hundred years from the age of | has not penetrated to the interior import of Thales to that of Copernicus and Servetus.” | historic circumstances. His pages show that Ten chapters are devoted to the following gen he has not mastered the facts gathered; they eral topics: Greek Philosophy to Aristotle; lie upon him as an incumbrance. He lacks the Teachings of Epicurus, Lucretius, and the that interpretive insight which enables the sci- Stoics; Early Christianity and Liberal Pagan entific historian to lay bare the causes of his- ism; the Suppression of Free Thought by the toric movements. His chapters show no sign Church; Some Medieval Heresies; the Persecu of that graphic power of the literary artist tions of the Thirteenth Century; the Revolt of which so lights up a mass of details that they Northern Europe in the Fourteenth Century; teach their lesson with power. He overloads Wycliffe and the Great Councils; the Revival us with statements of what occurred, but he of Learning; the Reformation. The eleventh gives us no conception of the causes of human and last chapter contains the statement of con- progress; nor does he trace the continuity of clusions. “İntellectual Liberty” is a large and historic forces. His work lies too much on the noble theme; and these topics show the vast surface; there is not sufficient depth of view. field which Mr. Holland set himself to investi This absence of historic penetration is shown gate. While Ueberweg, Cousin, Lewes, Dra- | in his sketch of Greek Thought, in his treat- per and Lecky have worked on many of these ment of early Christianity, and in his very general lines, yet the writer of this work has inadequate explanation of the Revival of pursued a distinct purpose of his own; for he Learning. The inability to comprehend the has endeavored to write, not a history of Phil- true causes operative in events is illustrated on osophy, but a history of the growth of Free page 7, where he attributes the freedom of Thinking. Ionia from persecution to the influence of the A cursory glance at this book makes it plain Persians; on page 2, where he countenances that the author is a wide reader and a diligent that exploded theory, that the Sermon on the student. He has evidently devoted some years Mount was inspired by Buddhism; and on page to this subject, and he has taken pains to con 113, where Julian's failure to restore Paganism sult the best authorities. He appends a long is explained by his rash attack on Persia. The list of works in German, French, and Italian, gift most needed by the historical student is as well as English; and though we miss some that historic imagination which enables him to familiar and valuable names, yet the works subordinate details and minor events to essen- given represent the very best scholarship of tial facts: what has been called the power of our time. But his neglect to give full and def historic realization. Whether Mr. Holland has inite references, except in a few cases, is so exercised it, may be judged from these facts: grave a mistake that it almost amounts to a He gives twenty lines to Copernicus, and ten literary misdemeanor. Such a work addresses pages to Epicurus; three pages to Aristotle, itself especially to students; and thoughtful and six pages to Joan of Arc; hardly a passing readers will be anxious to examine the evidence | allusion to Paul, and six pages to Rabelais ! upon which his assertions rest. And he might | Mr. Holland tells us in his preface: “I did have saved even scholars much time and not start with the idea of proving anything.” trouble if he had given a few clear pointed We do not doubt the honesty of the declara- notes and exact references. A single example tion. But if he had started out with the de- will illustrate what we have in mind. He termination to write a glowing encomium on states, on page 130, that the Athanasian creed Paganism and a bitter indictment of Chris- is a forgery of the ninth century. Now, a tianity, he could not have produced a more very brief allusion to the labors of Swainson one-sided book. His strongest conviction- and Lundy would have put the reader on the some will be uncharitable enough to say that right track and justified this statement. But as it is his only positive belief—is that all priests it stands, it will doubtless confuse and perhaps are totally depraved; and his ruling ambition prejudice people who are only acquainted with seems to be to collate the errors and crimes of the older opinion on the subject. the Church. He has charity for all things ex- A more thorough examination of this work cept religion; he has praise for all come-outers convinces us that Mr. Holland has read too -a word often used, but one which belongs much and thought too little. He has been an to the pamphleteer rather than the historian. When his eye rests upon anything Christian, * THE RISE OF INTELLECTUAL LIBERTY FROM THALES his vision becomes perverted. He has raked TO COPERNICUS. By Frederic May Holland. New York: Henry Holt & Co. far and fine for everything discreditable 14 [May, THE DIAL to Christianity, but his black list has too mor narrow creed of his own" (page 338). It is bific a flavor for healthy reading. Priests have not correct to call Arius a Trinitarian (page been superstitious; persecutions have no justi 111); or to describe Manichæism as a rational- fication; there have been things infinitely sad ism (page 125), which loved pompous ceremony and cruel in the history of the Church; but (page 134); or to assert that Galen developed whoever tells that story must have a more ap scientific positivism to agnosticism (page preciative, comprehensive and catholic mind | 386). There seems to be a contradiction be- than is illustrated by many passages of this tween his statement in page 130, that Islamism book. There is a narrowness and intolerance was far more tolerant than the Church, and the in some iconoclasts as offensive as the odium following passage: “How far mediæval Juda- theologicum. That "far-shining” Concord ism, Islamism and Christianity agree in their saint, in teaching that all faiths ought to be attitude toward rationalism appears in the taken at their best, illustrated “Intellectual essentially similar treatment suffered by Mai- Liberty” far better than these chapters, so un monides, Averroes and Abelard” (page 154). appreciative of some of the grandest elements Mr. Holland writes in a plain, unpretentious of human life. style, appropriate to his subject; and while Mr. Holland speaks thus of Jesus: “What there are few sentences that lodge in one's Jesus was historically is of little importance memory, and while there is little attempt at compared with the fact that the Four Gospels luminous characterization, yet when in sympa- represent him as a rebel (sic) against the relig thy with his subject—as in writing of Lucre- ion in which he was brought up” (page 68). | tius and Abelard - his pages are pleasant “ What is certain is that he did not wish to reading. A certain confusion of thought some- have individuals think and act for themselves” times produces such infelicitous sentences as (page 69). The slight sketch of Jesus in this: 6. The more men have thought they knew which these sentences occur is one of the sad about the Incomprehensible, the less they have dest pieces of religious criticism ever written. hesitated about murdering any one who would He ignores all the best ideas reported of Jesus; not accept their creed” (page 2). The great- while he puts the worst possible construction est faults of his language are, a misuse of parti- upon all the figurative expressions which Jesus ciples, and a habit of overloading his sentences used. It is asserted (page 81) that Paul “put with dependent clauses and alien ideas, until heresy in the same black list as murder and the mind becomes confused. adultery.” Now, Mr. Holland ought to have These criticisms have been prompted by no known that the correct translation shows us party spirit in favor of traditional views. that what Paul had in mind was not heresy as They are simply the expression of that sorrow now understood, but rather a factious or quar which many candid readers will feel when they relsome spirit. Surely, in writing against see a noble cause injured by prejudice, and theology, one is not called upon to describe laborious efforts wasted by an unprofitable “perjury and forgery” as theological virtues spirit. What American scholarship needs (page 282). Yet it is just this anti-theological above all else is sobriety of judgment and bias which leads Mr. Holland into many er breadth of appreciation. And while our sym- roneous statements. The assertion, “The me pathies belong to the high purpose which he diæval Church treated scholarship just as has tried to serve, yet we regret that Mr. Hol- modern society does crime” (page 272), is land's diligent study has produced a work so about as inaccurate as it could be made. In little calculated to promote the fair human- describing Anselm's theory of the atonement, ities. J. H. CROOKER. he states: “Hitherto Jesus had been thought to have ransomed man by cheating the devil” PASTEUR AND HIS WONDERFUL EXPERI- (page 137). It is true that Gregory Nyssa and others put forth this view; but it is not true, MENTS. * as these words imply, that it was the general At the recent International Medical Con- theory up to Anselm's time. Mr. Holland gress, held in the city of Copenhagen, among calls the thousand years from 450 to 1450 the all the men who have distinguished themselves Christian millennium, and delivers the follow. in the cultivation of the sciences pertaining to ing curious historical judgment: “There medicine, the one most signally honored was never was a time when Christianity was so lit- the subject of this biographical sketch. When tle interfered with by heathenism, worldliness, he appeared in the public assemblies of the or unbelief” (271). Whatever the confusion delegates to the Congress, everyone rose to do of thought here, the animus is evident. It him honor. Mention of his name and achieve- was not a very just appreciation of Luther ments always excited enthusiastic applause; which dictated this utterance: Luther quitted the communion of the Church “because his *Louis PASTEUR: His LIFE AND LABORS. By his Son. in-law. Translated from the French, by Lady Claud fondness for dogmatism made him ready for Hamilton. With an introduction by Professor Tyndall. any sacrifice in order to propagate a new and i New York: D. Appleton & Co. 1885.] THE DIAL 15 ============ and his utterances upon the subjects which had of living corpuscular bodies, closely related to been elucidated by his investigation were re- the similar living ferments which he had pre- ceived with breathless attention. A brief viously identified as the active agents in the review of the labors of this remarkable man diseases of wine and beer. He was soon able will render-apparent the causes of the exalted to trace the life-history of these infinitesimal estimation in which he is held by his scientific organisms, showing how their germs existed associates. in the eggs of the infected moth, developing In the year 1865, the diseases which for in the body of the growing silk-worm, and several years had threatened the extinction of reaching their highest degree of activity in the the silk-worm in the south of France, had pre chrysalis and in the resulting moth itself. The vailed to such a degree that the Minister of creatures thus infected became incapable of Agriculture appealed to the famous scientist, | leaving healthy offspring, and their excretions, Dumas, for advice regarding the means of | by defiling the leaves upon which the worms opposing a plague which entailed upon the were fed, served to diffuse the poisonous germs country an annual loss of not less than twenty wherever the victims of the disease were per- millions of dollars. It so happened, just then, mitted to exist. Finally, Pasteur showed that that the superintendent of the scientific depart the only way to avoid these consequences con- ment in the Normal High School at Paris had sisted in the use of none but the eggs of recently distinguished himself by an investiga healthy moths from which to raise the brood tion of the processes of fermentation concerned of worms. The use of the microscope in the in the manufacture of beer, wine, and vinegar. examination of the moths furnished an infalli- Born in 1822, carefully educated, and trained ble test of the condition of their eggs. In this from early life in the rigid school of experi way it became once more possible to insure a mental chemistry, Louis Pasteur had exhibited healthy generation of worms; and the silk- unrivalled industry and powers of observation, worm industry, after an eclipse of twenty which had rapidly raised him to the highest years, was fully restored upon the basis of its rank in his special department of science. ancient prosperity. Latterly he had been occupied largely with The fame attendant upon this astonishing the study of the microscopical growths which success soon rendered the name of Pasteur a effect fermentation and putrefaction in decom household word among scientific men through- posing matter. He had thus been enabled to out the world. The pathway thus marked out discover the cause of the failures that often seemed to open an extensive vista before the attend the manufacture of wine and beer, and eyes of students in other departments of sci- had pointed out the remedy against such dis ence. Physiological research and the investi- aster. To the mind of M. Dumas, the thought gation of infective diseases were greatly at once presented itself, that M. Pasteur was stimulated by this demonstration of the truth the man best qualified to investigate the silk- of theories which had floated vaguely in the worm disease. But Pasteur was at first unwill imaginations of pioneers in the sciences con- ing to undertake the inquiry. nected with medicine. In England and in “It was at the time when, as an application of Germany were at once commenced those his latest studies, he had just recognized the true researches which culminated in the brilliant theory of the fabrication of vinegar, and had dis results of antiseptic surgery. In France the covered the cause of the diseases of wines; it was, turmoil of the great Franco-German war in short, at the moment when, after having thrown retarded the wheels of progress. Pasteur light upon the question of spontaneous generation, the infinitely little appeared infinitely great. He returned quietly to the study of the fermenta- saw living ferments present everywhere * * as tion of beer, watching from afar the researches direct authors of contagious maladies. And now it of those who were following in his footsteps. was proposed to him to quit this path, where his Others were attempting the work in which he footing was sure, which offered him an unlimited horizon in all directions, to enter on an unknown had long desired to engage—the study of the road, perhaps without an outlet. Might he not ex- causes of infective diseases. But his modesty pose himself to the loss of months, perhaps of drew him back from the task. “I am neither years, in barren efforts ? doctor nor surgeon,” he was accustomed to “M. Dumas insisted. * * * · But consider,' say, when urged to enter this field of research. said Pasteur, 'that I have never handled a silk- worm. At last, however, the opportunity came; and " "So much the better,' replied M. Dumas. If he threw himself with all the zeal of youth, you know nothing about the subject you will have tempered and guided by the vast experience no other ideas than those which come to you from of age, into the current of investigation. The your own observations.'” subject to which he first addressed his atten- Thus persuaded, Pasteur finally yielded, and tion was the cause of splenic fever, a disease immediately betook himself to the region of exceedingly prevalent among horned animals the silk-culture. Twenty-four hours had not in France and in many other countries. Sev- elapsed before he had discovered in the bodies eral observers, notably Dr. Davaine, had of the diseased worms and moths the presence / remarked the presence of a microscopical 16 [May, THE DIAL parasite in the blood of animals dying of this These wonderful discoveries could not fail disease, but the exact nature of its relation to to arrest the attention and to excite the imagin- the symptoms presented by the disease hadation of everyone. With characteristic liber- not been fully explained. Pasteur soon showed ality, the French Government has provided a that not only is splenic fever the consequence magnificent laboratory, in which Pasteur guides of infection with the parasite, but that a the experiments of the younger assistants by closely associated disease, called septicæmia, is whom he is surrounded. The causes of all con- also excited by inoculation with another tagious diseases are there being subjected to minute parasitic organism that is contained in investigation with a view to the discovery of putrefying animal matter. To a confusion of the best means of opposing their ravages. The the symptoms of septicæmia with the symp most recent success in this direction consists in toms of splenic fever was attributable the the discovery of an attenuation of the virus of uncertainty regarding the nature of the dis hydrophobia, by the use of which animals may order which had previously obtained among be protected against that most fatal and terrible observers. of diseases. No wonder, then, that visions of Having thus unravelled the difficulties by an extension of these methods to other diseases which this problem had been surrounded, rise before the imagination, and we may dream Pasteur addressed himself to another disease of the day when scarlatina and yellow fever which has been exceedingly prevalent in and cholera and typhus fever and the plague France-chicken cholera. Its parasitic nature shall be dreaded no more than an invasion of having been fully demonstrated, he now pro small-pox, which we now so easily control by ceeded to the application of a principle sug vaccination. In the words of one of the most gested by the results of vaccination against distinguished scientists in France, we may with- small-pox; and, in the year 1880, he announced out exaggeration say: “This is but the begin- the most remarkable of all his discoveries—the ning. A new doctrine opens itself in medicine, attenuation of contagion. Reflecting upon and this doctrine appears to me powerful and the fact that the virus of small-pox, though luminous. A great future is preparing; I wait transmitted again and again from one human for it with the confidence of a believer and being to another, will always reproduce small with the zeal of an enthusiast.” pox, while the same virus passed by inocula- HENRY M. LYMAN. tion through the body of a cow will infect the animal with cow-pox—a much less virulent disease, which when transmitted again to the human subject reproduces, not small-pox, but JOHN FISKE ON AMERICAN POLITICAL the vaccine disease, a malady resembling, but IDEAS.* far less virulent and dangerous than the orig- inal small-pox,—reflecting upon this singular This little volume consists of three lectures and unexplained fact, Pasteur was led, by the delivered before the Royal Institution of Great results of his experiments in the culture of the Britain; but its scope is indeed wide. In the virus of chicken cholera, to suspect that it course of what would constitute an evening's might be possible, by varying the conditions reading, the author sweeps over the political of propagation, to mitigate the intensity of development of the race from the earliest times any given species of contagious matter. He up to—1885?—no, to a time in the remote future was, thus led to a series of experiments, which when there shall be established perpetual peace finally enabled him to produce a weakened in a great world State, whose tribunals shall com- form of the chicken-cholera poison. Fowls mand the willing support of all nations! The inoculated with this “attenuated virus” were book is thus necessarily superficial. But it made very ill, but they speedily recovered, was, of course, not intended to be a profound and were no longer susceptible to injurious study, and it has conspicuous merit. effects from subsequent inoculations with even The work is based on the labors of great the most energetic form of the deadly virus. pioneers in investigation in the field of history A new form of “vaccination" had thus been —like Stubbs and Sir Henry Maine; and it is discovered. Encouraged by this success, original in the strictest sense only in so far as Pasteur now addressed himself to the produc it brings these results into closer connection with tion of an attenuated virus for splenic fever, the growth of American political ideas. But To recount the difficulties surmounted in this it is interesting-and this is a great merit. It attempt would occupy too much space. It will be able to accomplish two things: first, to must be sufficient to say that, after months of interest great masses who never will read the anxious experiment, success was the reward of heavier authorities, whose information is de- his efforts; and it is now possible, by vaccina- rived from first sources; second, it will induce a tion with a modified virus, to protect the flocks *AMERICAN POLITICAL IDEAS VIEWED FROM THE STAND- and herds from a deadly plague which has long POINT OF UNIVERSAL HISTORY. By John Fiske. New been justly dreaded by the farmers of Europe. | York: Harper & Brothers. . .. ... ... 1885.] 17 THE DIAL considerable number of the more ambitious to BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. continue their studies further in the direction so well pointed out by Mr. Fiske. A man like The volume in which Commander W. S. Schley the author under consideration is thus an ally of and Professor J. R. Soley recount “The Rescue of the grand luminaries of learning; he mediates Greely” (Scribner), adds to the narratives of Arctic between them and the ordinary intelligent, but exploration one more record of hardship and hero- not learned, public. ism bearing testimony to the intrepid spirit existing | in the breast of man. It is a plain unvarnished Chapter first treats of the “ Town-Meeting" | tale," written with undeviating directness and com- of New England, and presents again the old posure. Beginning with an account of the circum- lesson it teaches—a lesson, by the way, which stances which led to the establishment of the colony at needs to be continually presented anew. It is Lady Franklin Bay, it unfolds the series of incidents the lesson of the invaluable training derived which attended the enterprise from the departure of by the masses of a people in the management the original expedition to the landing of the relief of their own local affairs by themselves. Mr. ships at the port of New York, August 8, 1884. The opening chapter describes the route to the polar Fiske traces the growth of the town-meeting sea by way of Baffin Bay, pointing out the special from the institutions of Aryan local self-gov- features of the coast and the difficulties of naviga- ernment, through the assembly of the old tion in the labyrinth of straits and islands which Teutonic mark, Russian village life, and the obstruct this gateway to the pole. The second English court-leet and vestry-meeting. In chapter sketches the origin and plan of the ring of the midst of this entertaining and instructive circumpolar stations which, by international agree- reading, we are amazed by one gross error. ment, were founded by eleven different govern- Mr. Fiske remarks on Mr. Freeman's descrip- ments, of which the United States was a year the earliest in settling its men at their appointed tion of the May assemblies of Uri and Appen- places, the other governments following with their zell: “I am unable to see in what respect the respective corps in the summer of 1882. These pre- town-meeting in Massachusetts differs from liminary explanations concluded, the history of the the Landesgeminde or Cantonal assembly in despatch of the Greely expedition in 1881 and of Switzerland.” This is strange. The Swiss the relief expeditions of the three successive years Cantons are States, like Pennsylvania and New is detailed minutely, yet without tediousness. The York; and surely it is quite a different thing circumstances relating to the several enterprises are repeated as they occur in the official reports and in for all the free citizens of a State to assemble the evidence elicited by the Court of Inquiry, and in open air and pass laws regulating rights of are to be accepted as authentic. The writers abstain property, and even matters of life and death, entirely from criticism of those who took part in from what it is for residents of a township the inception or execution of the grand scheme, and to gather together and vote five hundred withhold, with slight exceptions, every expres- dollars for a new bridge across the village sion of their personal opinions. It is neverthe- creek! less easy to discover their feeling that the Navy Department should have had charge of the relief ex- Chapter two presents the subject of Federal peditions, and undoubtedly the issue of the event Government, and shows clearly the contribu- sustains their judgment. There is no question of tions the United States have made to political the energy and bravery of the officers engaged advancement in the establishment of this throughout in the arduous service, but it would ap- Union. The final chapter is a charming dis pear on the surface that, granting the same personal sertation on that always interesting theme of qualifications to both, seamen are better fitted than “Manifest Destiny.” There is nothing more soldiers for work demanding nautical skill. The important in the book than what is said in this dispassionate tone of the narrative is maintained up to the discovery of the Greely party at Cape Sabine, chapter about the probability that American when the pathos of the situation becomes too great competition will force the countries of Europe even for the self-restraint of the historians. If to disband their expensive standing armies; members of the relief corps were unable to repress and we will close this review with a quotation their sobs at the spectacle of the misery then re- in which Mr. Fiske ably sums up the whole vealed, the sympathy of those who rehearse the matter: scene, and the tears of the reader, may be pardoned. An episode in the retreat of the expedition of 1884 “Economic pressure will make it simply impos- sible for the States of Europe to keep up such mili- deserves a particular mention. It is the daring journey of Lieutenant Colwell across Melville Bay, tary armaments as they are now maintaining. The disparity between the United States with a in a small boat, with an exhausted crew, scantily standing army of only twenty-five thousand men I provisioned, and beset continually with ice-floes and withdrawn from industrial pursuits, and the States storms of terrible violence. The narrators yield to of Europe with their standing armies amounting to a stir of admiration as they depict this incident, four millions of men, is something that cannot yet with their stern sense of the demand on men in possibly be kept up. The economic competition responsible positions and critical exigencies, the will become so keen that European armies will noblest achievements passing under view are re- have to be disbanded, the swords will have to be garded as the simple performance of duty. The turned into ploughshares, and thus the victory of the record thus clearly and calmly stated, lays its con- industrial over the military type of civilization will nected events in order before the reader and affords at last become complete.' the opportunity for a satisfactory understanding of RICHARD T. ELY. I the purpose, the course, and the results, so far as these 18 [May, THE DIAL - -- are yet decided, of the important enterprise popu- | moderate, and he declined opportunities of official larly known as the Greely expedition. promotion. He was one of the sagacious few who prefer the ease and freedom of a modest post, with As far as one man can choose his own successor in modest emoluments, to the work and worry of the kingdom of thought. Darwin chose his in the | exalted and exacting stations. Sir Henry was delib- person of his intimate friend and co-worker, George erate in the matter of taking a wife, as in everything J. Romanes. The scientific world is constantly re- else, finally marrying the daughter of Lord Mont- ceiving fresh assurance that the succession has fallen eagle, in 1838. His life was marked with no vicis- into no incapable hands, the latest instance of which situdes, speeding on its even way through the is the important contribution to physiology which succeeding seasons. His autobiography was begun that author has made in his “ Jelly-fish, Star-fish, in 1865, and the portion completed at the end of and Sea-urchins," published in the International twelve years was printed privately for distribution Scientific Series (Appleton). This book, which among friends. Resumed again after an interval embodies the investigations of the author for some of years, with the intention of reserving it for post- twelve summers in his seaside laboratory, is a study humous publication, it has been given to the public of the nervous system in its primitive forms, as ex- in the lifetime of the author. Sir Henry's rank in hibited by the Celenterata and Echinodermata, the literary and political world gave him the advan- and gives the results of the first thorough and sys- tages of the best social companionship, although his tematic investigation made of this difficult subject. quiet tastes inclined nim to the pursuits followed in The author, in his introduction, takes special and retirement. His reminiscences contain many anec- perhaps unnecessary pains to disarm the anti-vivi- dotes and sketches of celebrated men and women sectionists who might take offense at his methods, with whom he enjoyed a more or less close degree by pointing out that such experiments as he has of intimacy. Southey, Wordsworth, Tennyson, and performed involve less suffering than is involved in Lord and Lady Arbuthnot, were among his particu- the process of preparing and eating raw or living lar friends; while Carlyle, John Mill, Rogers, Sydney oysters, and that over-sensitive persons who object are Smith, and others equally distinguished, presented "logically bound to go still further, and to object him ample opportunity to draw their portraits with on similar grounds to the horrible cruelty of skin- skillful precision. A large portion of the autobiog- ning potatoes and boiling them alive." We have no raphy is occupied with an account of the great space for an account of the contents of this volume public measures which arose in the Colonial Office beyond the statement of its scope already given; during Sir Henry's term of service, and the part but it may be said that it is an important addition which he bore in their organization and furtherance to physiological science, and that it settles many is not left for uncertain inference. The placid self- hitherto vexed questions concerning the sensibilities esteem of the author is everywhere openly evinced, of the lower branches of the animal kingdom, and and gradually becomes a pleasant trait, it is marked throws light upon many hitherto obscure points of by so much simplicity and freshness. The portrait structure. It is a book for the specialist, and not of Sir Henry, in the first volume, exhibits a striking, for the general reader. venerable face, with deep-set, far-seeing eyes, and an aspect of reserved power which commands respect. . THE “Autobiography of Henry Taylor” (Har- pers), the English poet and statesman, whose life is IF the standard of the works composing Cassell's contemporaneous with our present century, should “Fine-Art Library,” edited by John C. L. Sparkes, have much in it of value to the reader. And so it has, Principal of the National Art Training School at in disjointed parts, lying here and there in its numer South Kensington, is set by the two volumes which ous chapters. The work is long-drawn-out, filling have come under our notice, it is high indeed. One two volumes; but it has been the occupation of the of these, an essay on "The English School of Paint- author in his old age, a period when slow move ing,” translated from the French of Ernest Ches- ments are adapted to abundant leisure, and speech neau, is endorsed by Mr. Ruskin in a preface and a is so often wont to become garrulous and prosy. few inter-textual notes, in which, with characteris- Sir Henry Taylor is best known to Americans as the tic heartiness and candor, he declares his esteem for author of “Philip Van Artevelde," a tragedy first the work. So extremely is he pleased with the spirit published in 1834, and held in esteem as a poetical and ability of the author as a critic of English art work of high merit. Among Englishmen he is and artists, that he has commissioned M. Chesneau known as the author of a number of dramas and to write a life of Turner, the “beloved master" to volumes of essays and poems, and also as an official whom he has himself erected a grand literary monu- in the government service, holding for nearly a half ment, and whose biography it was once his purpose century an important position under the Secretary of to prepare with his own hand. In the commis- State in the Colonial Department. Sir Henry was sion thus given to M. Chesneau, Mr. Ruskin has born in 1800, of a respectable family belonging to conveyed the strongest assurance of his confidence the middle classes. His education was conducted and respect. It is singular that a Frenchman should by his father, and was of a desultory character. He have received the honor, but a perusal of his treatise was of a sluggish temperament, owing in part to shows that it is well bestowed. M. Chesneau chal- infirm health, and was in early life reserved and lenges in his writing a comparison with M. Taine. taciturn. At the age of twenty-three he received, He has much of the eloquence, the intelligence, through the favor of Sir Henry Holland, a clerkship the penetration and the comprehensive grasp of the in the Colonial Office, which proved congenial to latter, and the same feeling and vivid and pic- his tastes and capacities, and was retained until he turesque expression which are national traits. He had passed beyond three score years and ten. Had has, however, in the present essay evinced an apti- he possessed an ambition for political life, it was tude for details, for close and particular study, for, affirmed that he might have risen to eminence in in short, the drudgery of mental work, which is not that province; but his desires were in all directions a pronounced quality of his brilliant countryman. 1885.] 19 THE DIAL M. Chesneau surveys the entire period of English narrator is always unpretending, and our respect for art, noting even, in the introduction, the painters, General Custer is increased by the domestic and per- native and foreign, who gave a certain elevation to sonal traits which she incidentally ascribes to him. the taste of the rich and noble in the centuries prior He retained to the last a boyish freshness and exu- to the era of Hogarth and Sir Joshua Reynolds. berance of spirits and a love of sport and fun. He An interesting portion of the book is that treating of was gay and light-hearted in every circumstance, the Pre-Raphaelites, in which the aim and outcome of | and his wife testifies that in the twelve years of their this group of artists, under the leadership of Ruskin, married life she never knew him to have an hour of are clearly explained. Lucidness is a distinctive depression. quality of M. Chesneau's criticisms, which present well-defined and often A GRACIOUS memorial of one of the most revered unexpected conclusions. Copious foot-notes supply biographical sketches of English clergymen of the nineteenth century is pre- the painters mentioned, and a large number of sented in the volume entitled “Dean Stanley with wood-cuts, interspersed through the text, assist in the Children" (Lothrop & Co.). It is for the bene- conveying fair impressions of what there is best in fit of young people, for whom the catholic-minded the art of England. The second volume of the preacher had a deep sympathy and solicitude. series is the work of Professor A. J. Wauters, on Every year it was his habit to deliver sermons ex- " The Flemish School," which earned the distinc- pressly to them, in Westminster Abbey, on certain days in the church calendar—such as Christmas or In- tion of being crowned by the Royal Academy of Belgium. It has the character, although not the nocents' Day-the character and associations of which arrangement, of a biographical dictionary of Flemish were especially connected with childhood. Five of these discourses, with an introduction by Canon Far- art. The list of painters, great and small, who have derived their nativity from the Low Countries, rar, and a prefatory sketch of the life of the Dean is enumerated in the proper order of succession, and by Mrs. Frances A. Humphrey, are united in this little book, which in all respects is an attractive gift to each is accorded space and comment corre- for boys and girls. The biographical portion is sponding with the extent and merits of his works. Over six hundred artists are included in the long written in a winning style, and ingeniously combines line which starts with the fresco painters of the interesting incidents embalmed in the history of thirteenth century and ends with the latest members Westminster Abbey, with personal details of the divine who for nineteen years served as its guardian of the Belgian school. It is a noble exhibition of and chief officer. The introduction, by Canon Far- the part which Flanders has sustained in the history of modern art. Professor Wauters has given unex- rar, is a loving testimonial to the beautiful virtues which set Dean Stanley apart from the mass of man- ampled completeness to his work, at the cost of kind and gave him a peculiar consecration for the wide research. Every page bears evidence of the sacred work he chose in the world. The sermons thoroughness of his study of books and of paintings. Tabulated statistics and lavish illustrations form that close the volume are gentle and earnest in tone, and, enlivening serious expostulation with illus- valuable adjuncts of the work. trative anecdote, are calculated to waken and im- press the youthful mind. A number of fine wood- MRS. ELIZABETH B. CUSTER, the wife of the cuts add to the value of the memorial. lamented officer who lost his life in the fatal battle of the Little Big Horn in the summer of 1876, has With each recurrence of the season for piscatory made, through the house of Harper & Brothers, a sports, there appear new treatises on the art of fish- venture in the book world, with prospects of a con ing, from enthusiastic lovers of the pastime, who spicuous success. The work is a description of gar- | never tire of testing their skill in luring gamy spe- rison and camp life, illustrated by the experiences of cies of the finny tribes to their bait, and also never the writer while sharing the fortunes of General tire of rehearsing tales of their success, filled out Custer during the three years previous to his death. with expositions of the clever methods by which it The title of the narrative, “Boots and Saddles ”— was obtained. It would seem that nothing fresh in the bugle-call for troops to mount-indicates that it the way of experience or instruction pertaining to is with the cavalry arm of the service that it has to the subject were left to be presented. That such is do. In the spring of 1873 General Custer was trans not the case, is proved by the work of Mr. Henry P. ferred from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, to Fort Lin Wells on “Fly-Rods and Fly-Tackle” (Harper), coln, Dakota, at which isolated point on the Upper which is not only an able but an individual essay on Missouri he was stationed with his regiment, the the theme named by the title. Anglers will recognize Seventh Cavalry, to assist in guarding the frontier. an expert in the author, and although he addresses Mrs. Custer begins her story with the departure himself modestly to novices alone, fishermen dexter- from Elizabethtown, and continues it until July 5, ous in handling the rod will enjoy comparing their 1876, when the news of the disaster on the Little observations with his, and doubtless with a gain of Big Horn was brought to the company of sorrowful valuable suggestions to be added to their personal women left at the post, who had seen their husbands stock. Mr. Wells discusses, with practical sagacity, go out to meet a danger from which they were never the efficiency of the most approved forms of fish- to return. The only woman in the regiment who hooks, lines, leaders, reels, rods, and all other was with her husband habitually on the march and paraphernalia requisite for the outfit of an angler. in camp, Mrs. Custer shared, as far as a woman İle gives scientific reasons for the superiority of one may, every incident and every hardship appertain model or material over another, and, with extreme ing to army life. Only a fine constitution, a cheer nicety of explanation, communicates the various lore ful temperament, great courage, and fine tact, would acquired by an angler of skill and long practice. have enabled her to endure the trials so often encoun It is a learned and exhaustive exposition, filling a tered. Although herself and General Custer are | place not before occupied by the publications of necessarily in the foreground of her sketches, their | American anglers. The book is noteworthy for the presence is not obtrusive. The manner of the neat style in which it is brought out. 20 [May, THE DIAL - -- -- -- -- - - DR. HENRY M. LYMAN has prepared a work en- of the study, but who wish to have some idea of the titled “Insomnia and Other Disorders of Sleep " (W. workings of the force of whose varied uses they see T. Keener), which is much more interesting than so much daily. Like all books of the sort, it abounds medical works as a rule are to the general reader. in loose and vague statements of fact. It is made Besides the subject of insomnia, those of dreams, rather readable by anecdote sketches of the great somnambulism and hypnotism are considered and electrical discoverers, Faraday, Galvain, Volta, Oer- treated in a scientific yet entertaining manner. Lit sted, Ampire, and the rest, and is brought down to erary quality is so unusual a thing in works of this date as regards inventions and applications. description, that the pleasant style of Dr. Lyman, and the well-chosen poetical quotations which abound in the preface and elsewhere, are an agreeable sur- LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS. prise to the reader, who naturally expects something very different. So much praise is due the book from HENRY Holt & Co. have just issued the third and the scientific standpoint, that it is all the more to be concluding volume of Taine's “French Revolution,” regretted that in the chapter on hypnotism the translated by John Durand. writer does not confine himself to hypnotic phenom- MR. MAURICE THOMPSON has a new novel, “At ena proper, but takes up the subjects of clairvoyance Love's Extremes,” in the press of Cassell & Com- and “telepathy," and treats them with a respect pany. Mr. Thompson is now the State Zoologist of which it will surprise many to see accorded them by Indiana. a man of Dr. Lyman's culture and scientific attain- ANOTHER novel of the “Bread Winners" and ments. "Money Makers” order is announced by J. B. Lip- The very timely work of Mr. Charles Marvin. | pincott Company—“Troubled Waters,” by Beverley entitled “The Russians at the Gates of Herat." has | Ellison Warner. been reproduced in this country by Charles Scrib Mr. F. MARION CRAWFORD's new novel, announced ner's Sons as a duodecimo volume, and also by Har- | by Macmillan & Co. for immediate publication, is per & Brothers as an issue of the “Franklin Square entitled “Zoroaster, the Prophet,” and the scene is Library.” This latter edition is made very attract laid in ancient Persia. ive by a large number of illustrations, which are MR. BROOKS ADAMS, son of Charles Francis exceedingly well executed, and are sure to be appre Adams, author of various historical articles in the ciated by students of the Afghan question. They " Atlantic Monthly,” will write the volume on Mas- include a number of portraits of persons prominently sachusetts for the “ American Commonwealths" concerned in the dispute, character sketches, and series. scenes characteristic of the little-known region under GUSTAVE DORÉ's “Life and Reminiscences,” com- consideration, and a fine double-page view of the piled by Blanche Roosevelt, from material supplied citadel of Herat. The work itself is said to have by his family and friends, is about to be published been written in eight days-a rapidity of execution by Cassell & Company. The work will be an octavo made possible by the great knowledge of this sub- volume of 500 pages, with several hundred illus- ject possessed by the writer, who is one of the best trations. living authorities upon Central Asia. As might be P. BLAKISTON, Son & Co. have just issued the expected, it has had a very large sale both in Eng- eleventh edition of Harris's “ Principles and Practice land and America. of Dentistry," a work first published in 1839, now A LITTLE volume published by Harper & Brothers. I thoroughly revised and largely rewritten. It has on "The Power and Authority of School Officers | become standard in England, and has been translated and Teachers," by a Member of the Massachusetts , into French. Bar, will be of considerable interest to teachers and It appears from Rowell's Newspaper Directory others engaged in the work of public education. It for 1885 that the total number of newspapers in the is a compilation of the significant portions of decis- United States is 12,973 and in Canada 1,174-a ions made of late years in cases involving the rela- i gain of 823 in both countries since 1884. In this tions of pupils and their parents with school officers, gain, Kansas leads with 78, and Illinois has 77. and covers cases arising from rules concerning ab- i New York shows but about one-third as much gain sence and tardiness, concerning choice of studies, | as Pennsylvania. suspension and expulsion. It also gives the most The twenty-ninth volume of “ The Century," just important decisions in cases involving the right of i sent out in the usual elegant binding, is the most the teacher to inflict corporal punishment, and, invaluable volume yet issued, containing, as it does, an appendix, the provisions relating to schools in the series of illustrated War articles, which in them- the laws of the different States. This little manual | selves are well worth the price of the volume ($3.50). of causes celébrès in the educational teapot is a timely | With the thirtieth volume, this superb magazine publication, as many of the questions at issue have l enters upon a career which leaves it apparently with- come up in the State courts during the past ten ; out a rival. years, and the conflicting decisions have caused much discussion. MR. CHARLES WARREN STODDARD, formerly of the San Francisco press, and a writer and traveller of THE REV. MARTIN S. BRENNAN'S “ Popular Ex wide reputation, has accepted the chair of English position of Electricity” (Appleton) is a small man Literature in the University of Notre Dame, Indiana. ual whose nature may be inferred from the title. In the faculty of this university is a former surgeon It may be added that it is very simple and very in one of the regiments of the first Napoleon, and a " popular" in its treatment, but in the main relia- survivor of Waterloo--the Rev. Dr. Neyron, who, at ble, and will doubtless be found interesting and use the age of ninety-four, still teaches anatomy. ful to that class of persons who have neither the J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY have begun the pub- time nor the inclination to make a scientific pursuit | lication of an entirely new edition of Carlyle, in 1885.) 21 THE DIAL - connection with Chapman & Hall, of London. It is other persons who may possess any unpublished letters called “The Ashburton Edition, and will be com of Alexander Hamilton, will notify him of the exist- pleted in seventeen volumes, at $2.50 per volume in ence of such letters, and permit him to have copies cloth. The typography and paper, as shown in the made of the same. He may be addressed in the volume already issued, are excellent, and the edition care of his publishers, Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons, promises to be a very satisfactory one. New York. ROBERT CLARKE & Co. have in press, for the An announcement of much interest has recently Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio, the been made in England by Mr. Henry J. Wharton, Diary of David Zeisberger, Moravian Missionary who is about to publish a small volume, printed among the Indians of Ohio during the years 1781 to with fastidious care, containing the poems and a 1798, translated from the original manuscript in memoir of the Greek lyrical poet Sappho. Mr. J. German by Eugene F. Bliss. The diary contains an Addington Symonds assists him in the preparation account of the massacre at Gnadenhütten in 1782, of the work, and it will contain an ideal portrait of and much interesting matter connected with these Sappho after Alma Tadema. The book is to con- Indian missions. Only a limited edition will be sist of two parts—the first part giving a popular ac- printed. count of all that is known of Sappho's history, and That excellent magazine, “The Andover Review," the second containing the original text of every publishes in its May number the second of the three fragment of her writing that has come down to us, discourses recently delivered by Dr. Newman Smyth, together with a literal prose translation, and all the at New Haven, on the Labor Queston. The third better renderings into English verse that have been of the series will appear in the June number. "The made of them. The editor adds: “My aim has Andover” is conducted with marked ability, and, been to set before English readers every fact and while stoutly orthodox in religion, has a scope broad legend of Sappho's life, and every proof of her enough to include articles upon the more important genius, that is within the reach of modern scholar- literary and practical topics of the day. It is pub- ship; to make, indeed, unfamiliarity with Aeolic lished by Houghton, Mifflin & Co., at $3 per year. Greek no longer a bar to understanding the grounds on which she (Sappho) has been held so supreme an JANSEN, MCCLURG & Co. will publish immediately artist for two thousand years. No similarly exhaust- a volume of the war poems and other lyrics of Mrs. ive attempt has ever been made in any language." Kate Brownlee Sherwood, of Ohio, whose pieces The volume will be foolscap 8vo in size. Twenty- have for twenty years been widely circulated in the five copies, with proofs of the portrait, will be newspapers, and found many admirers, especially made on large paper. Ten of the large-paper copies, among the soldiers of the Civil War. The title of with two hundred and fifty of the small-paper, form the book is “Camp-Fire, Memorial Day, and Other the American edition, which will be issued by Poems.” The same firm will issue also a small vol- Messrs. Jansen, McClurg & Co. The price in Eng- ume containing an essay on “The Future of Edu- land will be seven shillings and sixpence for the small- cated Women," by Mrs. Helen Ekin Starrett, and an paper, and one guinea for the large; there were essay on “Men, Women, and Money,” by Mrs. only fifteen of the latter for all England, and these Frances Ekin Allison. are understood to be already sold. The price in The practice of issuing monthly periodicals a America has not yet been announced. fortnight or so in advance of their date of publica- tion originated in an unseemly race to get first into THE “Magazine of American History" for May the field. It is absurd and inconvenient, and we are has a “Reminiscence," by Dr. Charles Deane, of Cambridge, on the subject of Captain John Smith's glad to see it definitely abandoned by “The Century," Pocahontas story. Dr. Deane was the first writer which will henceforth be published on the first of who called in question the authenticity of the legend, the month whose name it bears. This has always been THE DIAL's usage, and we cordially welcome when, in 1860, he printed and edited Wingfield's “Discourse of Virginia” (1608), for the American so distinguished a convert as “The Century" to the Antiquarian Society's Transactions. In 1866 he good cause of “restoring truth to the date of a monthly periodical.” The example will no doubt reprinted and edited Smith's “True Relation" (1608), and in his notes suggested further evidence be followed by others also. to confirm his former conclusion. Virginians STEPNIAK, the Nihilist writer, who will be re- resented such indignities shown to their chief idol. membered for his book on “ Underground Russia," One writer said: " The ruthless Yankee has devas- has a new work on “Russia Under the Tsars," an tated our fields and slain our children. Must he English translation of which is published by Scrib- also despoil the tomb?" Another writer ran out a ner's Sons simultaneously with its appearance in comparison between the amiable antiquary of Cam- London. Its revelations are said to be fuller and bridge and General Butler. More dispassionate more startling than any yet made of the aims and critics have accounted for the omission of the Poca- methods of the government as well as of the Nihilists. hontas story from Smith's and Wingfield's narratives The same publishers issue also the new political of 1608—which, being written at the time, ought novel, “ Across the Chasm,” by a Southern lady; the to have included the incident-by saying that, in artist Pyle's novel, “Within the Capes," and R. L. printing Smith's "True Relation” in London, some- Stevenson's “ A Child's Garden of Verse." thing had evidently been left out as likely to dis- MR. HENRY CABOT LODGE, editor of the new courage colonization, and that the Pocahontas story edition of Hamilton's works, noticed elsewhere in was in the portion omitted. To this statement Dr. this issue, requests that persons having editions of Deane in his “Reminiscence” replies, that the the “Federalist,” or knowing of editions other | narrative did include the most pitiful accounts of than those mentioned by Mr. Henry B. Dawson in | suffering by the colonists, from famine, internal his introduction to the edition of 1863, will do him quarrels, and butchery by the Indians, and much else the service of sending him copies of the title-pages which would discourage emigration, and yet omitted of such editions; also that autograph collectors, or | (if the above theory be true) a pleasing revelation 22 THE DIAL [May, - - of humanity and sentiment which would have caused ship are fully given in the third volume of Judge all the idle and romantic young men about London Sewall's Diary, which has been printed by the to rush to Virginia. He further shows that no such Society, than which nothing can be more amusing. omission could have occurred; for later in the narra Dr. Ellis, in his address, commented on this court- tive Smith mentions Pocahontas in a wholly different ship, and characterized the lady as being “worldly- relation, describing her personal appearance, calling minded," as encouraging the old man to make her her “a child of ten years old,” which he would an offer of marriage, and then refusing him from not have done if he had previously mentioned her in mercenary motives. Her great-great-grandson, at the more important transaction with which her name the last February meeting of the Society, remonstra- has since been associated. ted against this treatment of his ancestor as unjust, In Mr. Richard Grant White this country has lost in a paper which the publishing committee declined one of its foremost men of letters. He was a writer to print. This he followed up at the April meeting of varied accomplishments and great ability, and a with another paper, which met with a like fate. He man of fine character and generous sympathies. His now prints both at his own expense. Copious ex- first literary work was done in connection with the tracts, which our limits will not permit, can alone New York Courier and Enquirer,” and consisted of give an idea of the fun it contains. Here is a art and musical criticisms. He was one of the first hit at a gentleman who stated before the Cambridge editors of the New York “World," and a frequent Phi Beta Kappa Society that he had forgotten his classics: contributor to the magazines. In one of these appeared his first studies in Shakespearean criticism, “ I shall be happy to send a copy of this little pamphlet to any member of the Society who may feel the smallest and this led to his edition of Shakespeare—the best interest in the matter, and in the mean time I should be which America has produced and the work called really grateful if any one of them-Mr. Charles Francis Adams, Jr., of course excepted-would supply me with an “Shakespeare's Scholar." At the time of the war, appropriate classical quotation for my title-page." he turned from his Shakespearean studies for awhile One other passage will show the style. At the and wrote to the London “Spectator" a series of let funeral of the late Dr. Blagden in the neu Old South ters which were very influential in moulding English Church, Dr. Ellis, while the audience were waiting opinion in favor of the North. He next became for the remains, whispered to the writer: "What widely known as a writer upon the English lan- would Sam Sewall say, to see this church?”. guage, and devoted himself especially to hunting “The approach of the melancholy procession cut short down the alleged “Americanisms” of which Eng my answer; if, indeed, I should have been able, on the lish writers found so much to say, and which he spur of the moment, to frame an adequate response to so pregnant an inquiry. But, sir, with your permission, I generally succeeded in tracing to their lair in the will answer that question briefly now. Whatever feel- works of standard old English authors. These stud ings of amazement might agitate the breast of Samuel Sewall at the aspect of this gorgeous temple which has ies are, for the most part, collected in two volumes replaced the unpretending edifice in which he loved to entitled “Words and Their Uses” and “Everyday worship, whatever of not altogether complimentary English.” In 1876 he made a visit to England, the criticism he might feel it his duty to pronounce upon the successive changes time has wrought in the environment most important result being the volume entitled of all that is left of Puritan faith,-it would be as nothing “ England Without and Within," a work compar- as nothing-in comparison with the indignation which would convulse his very soul if he could come into this able in importance with Emerson's “English Traits," room to-day and run his eye over certain passages in his and one in which his most pleasing qualities as a private journal which this Society has printed for the amusement of the New England people. I verily believe writer appear. Another book which may be attrib- that for the first time he would even regret his persistent uted to this visit is a sort of novel, entitled “The refusal to wear a wig, in order that he might be able to tear it from his head and hurl it in the faces of our Fate of Mansfield Humphreys." This was his last Publishing Commtitee." published volume. Of the large quantity of papers which he contributed to periodicals, there remain TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. many as yet uncollected which are eminently worthy MAY, 1885. of preservation. The most conspicuous quality of Academic Freedom. A. F. West. N Am, Review. his work, when not in a strictly critical mood, is America, Lost Colonies of. R. G. Haliburton. Pop. Sci. Mo. what may perhaps be called a gentle humanity, Ancient Races of America. G. P. Thurston. Mag. Am. His. Anneke Jans Bogardus and Her Farm. J. W.Gerard. Harp. which especially endears him to his readers and Arctic Exploration and its Object. Franz Boas. Pop.Sci. Mo. admirers. Mr. White was sixty-three years old. Bach, John Sebastian. J. S. Dwight. Allantic. Books, of Making Many. A. C. McClurg. Dial. “A FEW Words in Defense of an Elderly Lady" Capital. Use and Abuse of. Newman Smyth. And. Rev. Chickahominy. W. L. Goss. Century is the half-title of a privately-printed and most Childhood in Early Christianity. H. E. Scudder. Atlantic. am Cholera. Max von Pettenkofer. Popular Science Monthly. Christianity & Woman. E.C.Stanton, J.L.Spalding. N.A.Re. Winthrop, Jr., Esq., of Boston. Its formal title de- (oal Question, a Scientific View of. G. Gore. Pop. Sci. Mo. scribes more fully what it is about: "A Difference Cookery, Chemistry of. W. Mattieu Williams. Pop. Sci. Mo. of Opinion concerning the Reasons why Katharine (0-operative Creation. F. H. Johnson, Andover Review. Crime, Why it is increasing. J. L. Pickard. No. Am. Rev. Winthrop refused to marry Chief-Justice Sewall." Deaf Mutes and their Education. Douglas Tilden. Overland. It is mirth-provoking from beginning to end, and Denmark, Travels in. F. D. Millet. Harper's. the funniest feature in it is, that it is a genuie con- Diary of a Hong Kong Merchant. F. J. Siimson. Harper's. Dogs, Typical. Century. troversy in the most dignified of all assemblies—the Eliot, George. Henry James. Atlantic. Enos. General Roger. H. E. Hayden. Mag. Am. History. Massachusetts Historical Society. The Rev. Dr. Espanola and Its Environs. Birge Ilarrison, Harper's. Geo. E. Ellis, the President of the Society since the Ethnical Science, Training in. H. H. Curtis. Pop. Sci. Mo. Ethical science. Training retirement of Mr. Winthrop's father, delivered, some Fallacy of 1776, the, 1. W. Clason. Mag. Am. History. Fiction, Success in. James Payn. No. Am. Review, months ago, an address in the Old South Church on Foothills, Rambles in the Dagmar Mariager. Overland. the Life and Character of Chief Justice Samuel Future Life, the. Century. Graut, General. Adam Badeau. Centuru. Sewall, who, when sixty-seven years of age, made Greely at Cape Sabine. C. II. Harlow. Century. courtship, for his third wife, to Mrs. Katherine | Hainilton, Alexander. Ľ. H. Bouten Dintury. Hungry Pilgrims, the. E. H. Goss, Mag. Am. History. Winthrop, the great-great-grandmother of the Immortality and Modern Thought. T.T. Munger. Oentury. writer of the pamphlet. The details of the court- | Industrial Co-operation. D. D. Field. No. Am. Review. Robert 1885.] 23 THE DIAL "Broby baper, som Intellectual Liberty, Rise of. J. H. Crooker. Dial. TRAVEL-SPORTING. James, Henry. Atlantic. Jersey Cattle in America. Hark Comstock. Harper's. The Russians at the Gates of Herat. By Charles Mar- London by Canal. B. E. Martin. Harper's. vin. With maps and portraits. 16mo, pp. 185. C. Scrib. London, Riverside. Samuel J. Rea. Overland. ner's Sons. Paper, 50 cents, cloth, $1.00. Louisiana, the Heart of. Charles Dimitry. Mag. Am. His. Amongst the Shans. By A. R. Colquhoun, A. M. I. O. E.. Madame Mohl. Kathleen O'Meara. Ailantic. F. R. G. S. With an Historical Sketch of the Shans by Manassas, Incidents in Battle of. J. D. Imboden. Century. H. S. Hallett, M. T. C. E., F. R. G. S., and an Introduc. Marshall, Chiet-Justice. M. W. Fuller. Dial. tion on The Cradle of the Shan Race by T. De Lacou- Misused H of England, the. R. A. Proctor. Atlantic perie. Illustrated. 8vo, pp. 392. Scribner & Welford. Nat'l Selection, Man Modified by. W.K.Brooks. Pop.Sci. Mo. $1.50. Nervous System and Consciousness. W.R.Benedict. P.S.Mo. Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers in Europe and New Orleans Exposition, the. E. V. Smalley. Century. the East, By W. P. Fetridge, M. S. G. Edition for New Portfolio, the. O. W. Holmes, Atlantic 1885. 3 vols. Leather tucks. Harper & Bros. $9.00. Pasteur and his Experiments. H. M. Lyman, Dial. Pasteur's Researches. John Tyndall, Pop. Sci. Mo. A Satchel Guide for the Vacation Tourist in Europe. A Peninsular Campaign, the. G. B. McClellan. Century. Compact Itinerary of the British Isles, Belgium and Perry, Commodore M. C. W. E. Griffis. Mag. Am. History. Holland, Germany and the Rhine, Switzerland, France, Pocahontas and Captain Smith. Chas, Dean. Maq. Am. His. Austria and Italy. Edition for 1885. Pp. 337. Leather. Poetic Art, Essential Principles of. G. H. Howison. Overi'd. Houghton, Midlin & Co. Net, $1.50. Political Americanisms. C. L. Norton. Mag. Am. History. Sketches in Holland and Scandinavia. By A. J. C. Political Economy, Teaching. J. L. Laughlin. Pop.Sci. Mo. Hare. Pp. 134. G. Routledge & Sons, $1.00. Political Ideas, John Fiske on.R. T. Ely. Dial. Our Autumn Holiday on French Rivers. By J. L. Mol. Predestination Controversy in Luth'n Church. And. Rev. loy. New edition. Pp. 319. Roberts Bros. Paper, 50 Prehistoric Carvings. Pop. Sci. Monthly. cents; cloth, $1.00. Reformation Theology. Prof. Gerhart. Andover Review. Religion without Dogma. George Iles. Pop. Sci. Monthly Sport-Fox-Hunting, Salmon-Fishing, Covert-Shooting, Revision of the Old Testament. Andover Review. Deer-Stalking. By W. Bromley-Davenport. Illus. Rocky Mountains, Rambles in. Edwe, Roberts. Overland. trated. 8vo, p. 215. London, $7.50. Sackville Papers, the. Prof. Channing. Mag. Am. History. American Fish, and How to Catch Them. A Hand.book Schools, Public. S. T. Dutton, Andover Review. for Fishing. By An Old Angler. Pp. 93. F. P. Harper. Seven Pines, Battle of. W.L. Gosy. Century. $1.00. Seven Pines, Manassas to, J. E, Johnston, Century. ESSAYS, BELLES-LETTRES, ETC. Seven Pines, Second Day at G. W. Smith, Century. Superstition in English Life. T. F. H. Dyer. No. Am. Rev. 1 Thomas Carlyle's Works, The Ashburton Edition. To be Theological Progress, Criteria of. Andover Review. completed in 17 vols., Svo, gilt tops. With many por. Vivisection, Recent Debts to. Wm. W. Keene. Pop.Sci. Mo. traits and illustrations, Vol. I, now ready. J. B. Lip. Whittier. E. C. Stedman. Century pincott Co. Per vol., $2.50. Witch-Hazel. Wm. H. Gibson. Harper's. The Ingoldsby Legends; or, Mirth and Marvels. By R. W. Barham (Thomas Ingoldsby, Esq.) With illustra- tions on India paper. E tion de Iure, limited to 450 cop- BOOKS OF THE MONTH. ies, numbered. 2 vols., 8vo. Porter & Coates. Net, $8.00, Oats or Wild Oats ? Common Sense for Young Men. By J. M. Buckley, LL.D. Pp. 306. Harper & Bros. $1.50. [The following List includes all New Books, American and For The Works of W. M. Thackeray. The Standard edition. eign, received during the month of April, by MESSRS. To be completed in 26 vols., 8vo. Vol. 18. The Irish Sketch Book and Critical Reviews. J. B. Lippincott JANSEN, MCCLURG & CO., Chicago.] Co. $3.00. Theosophy, Religion and Occult Science. By H. S. Olcott. BIOGRAPHY. Pp. 384. London. Net, $2.66. Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte. By Louis A. F. De Copy. Essays from an Editor's Drawer on Religion, Lit. Bourrienne, his private secretary. 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The many admirers few writers of books for the young excel the author of of the "Light of Asia” will gladly welcome this graceful this excellent character study. It is a book which will be souvenir of the author, which is handsomely illustrated equally interesting and profitable. and daintily finished. SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. D. LOTHROP & CO., Publishers, 32 Franklin Street, BOSTON. 1885.] THE DIAL 27 - - - - - EAGLE PENCILS, INSURE IN THE TRAVELERS ALL STYLES, ALL GRADES, ALL DEGREES FOR EVERY PRACTICAL USE. OF HARTFORD, CONN. Principal Accident Company of America. Largest EAGLE ROUND GOLD AND HEXAGON GOLD, in the World. Has paid its Policy- Nos. 1, 2, 2 1-2, 3, 4, 5. Holders over $10,000,000. FINE ART'S, made in 15 degrees: BBBBBB (Softest), BBBBB BBBB BBB BB B HB ITS ACCIDENT POLICIES FHB F (Medium), H HH HHH HHHH HHHHH | Indemnify the Business or Professional Man or Farmer for his Profits, the Wage-Worker for his Wages, lost from HHHHHH (Hardest). 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With Illustrations. 8vo, cloth, 788 pages. Price, TAPESTRY WALL PAPERS, $5.00. " An Inglorious Columbus" is an attempt to show that RAISED FLOCKS FOR America was discovered in the fifth century by a party of Buddhist monks froni Afghanistan. There is ungestion. PAINTING ON, able proof they actually visited some unknown Eastern region, and Mr. Vining marshals evidence to show that the traditions of Mexico contain an account of the arrival LINCRUSTA-WALTON, there of this party of monks. III. IMITATION LEATHERS, SECOND PART OF OWEN MEREDITH'S NEW POEM. VELVET & CHEVIOT PAPERS, GLENAVERIL; or, THE MET- JAPANESE CHINTZES & LEATHERS AMORPHOSES. A Poem in Six Books. By the EARL OF LYTTON (OWEN MEREDITH, author of “Lucile"). To be published in six AGENT FOR the ART MANUFACTURES Monthly Parts. Price, 25 cents each part. Parts One and Two now ready. 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The books are issued in a style worthy of the library shelf, well printed and tastefully bound in cloth, at the low price of 75 cents per volume. Four volumes now ready. CONTENTS. VOL. III. VOL. I. THE PROFESSOR AND THE HARPY. From THE THREE STRANGERS. By THOMAS HARDY. the CORNHILL. THE BLACK POODLE. By F. ANSTEY. THE MARQUIS JEANNE HYACINTH DE ST. LORD RICHARD AND I. By JULIAN S. STURGIS. PELAYÈ. By author of John Inglesant. THE PAVILION ON THE LINKS. By R. L. THE ROCK SCORPIONS. From the CORNHILL. STEVENSON. QUEEN TITA'S WAGER. By WILLIAM BLACK. THE HERMIT OF ST. EUGENE. By W. E. KING PEPIN AND SWEET OLIVE. From the NORRIS. CORNHILL. MATTIE–The Story of an Evening. From BLACK- A FILM OF GOSSAMER. By E. M. CLERKE. WOOD's MAGAZINE. THE LAY FIGURE. From the CORNHILL. THE COUNT DE ROCHMONT. From TEMPLE BAR. VOL. II. Vol. IV. MY PARIS MASTERS. By author of Reata. THE TEN YEARS' TENANT. By WALTER MOUFLOU. By OUIDA. BESANT AND JAMES RICE. BEAUCHAMP & CO. 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Mr. Roosevelt has grouped together, in a series of graphic sketches, the results of his experiences as a ranchman and as a sportsman in the wild region forming the basin of the Upper Missouri. IIis narratives are char. acterized by a freshness and a realism which renders them eminently readable, while they also possess a per- manent importance and value as presenting faithful pictures of a manner of life which, under the steady westward march of railroads and settlers, must, before many years, become an experience of the past; together with trustworthy accounts of the habits of the larger game of the Northwest, which, under the same influences, are so rapidly disappearing. The volume will contain the following illustrations : 4 full-page Etchings, 27 full-page Woodcuts, and 8 smaller Woodcuts. The artists represented are Frost, Gifford, Beard, and Sandham, and the engraving has been done by Whitney, Muller, Davis, Held, and others. The Medora Edition will be issued in quarto form, size 8 x 11 inches. It will be beautifully printed from new pica type upon fine vellum paper, and is strictly limited to 500 numbered copies. Price to subscribers, $15.00. G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS, 27 & 29 West 23d Street, New YORK. | Subscriptions received by JANSEN, MCCLURG & Co., 117, 119 & 121 Wabash Avenue, Chicago. HAMMANN & KNAUER'S FINE GRADES OF Offenbach Photograph Albums, ALSO CARD AND AUTOGRAPH ALBUMS, Scrap Books, Portfolios, Binders, Writing Desks, Chess Boards, Etc. Koch, Sons & Co., New York, IMPORTERS. *** Our goods are sold at the principal bookstores. The Trade supplied by the leading jobbers. 1885.] THE DIAL 31 - - -- --- ---- - - - - - -- - MACMILLAN & COS GENERAL GORDON, NEW PUBLICATIONS. THE CHRISTIAN HERO. By the author of “Our Queen,” “New World NOW READY, Heroes,” etc. A New Novel by the Author of “Mr. Isaacs," “ Dr. 12mo, $1.25. Claudius,” etc., etc. "A very succinct and worthy record of a wonderful life. 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The work forms the natural sequel and complement to the same author's “Biogen.” I vol. 16mo, parchment covers, 75 cents. ***For sale by all booksellers, or sent post-paid on receipt of price, by the publishers, ESTES & LAURIAT, Boston. NEW NOVELS.–FOR SALE AT ALL BOOKSTORES. VAIN FOREBODINGS, translated by Mrs. A. L. WISTER, from the German of E. OSWALD. 12mo, cloth, $1.25. “The story is of unfailing interest from beginning to end, and the translator's English makes it very agreeable reading. The novelty of the scenes of German life will also be refreshing after a course of English and American novels.”—Philadelphia Evening Bulletin. TROUBLED WATERS; A PROBLEM OF TO- DAY, by BEVERLEY ELLISON WARNER. 12mo, cloth, $1.25. " A well-written story. Its chief strength lies in the love and romance: the history of the young woman whose husband went to war and died; who was swindled by a rascal who had a chivalric friend of hers charged with the swindling, and the happy conclusion which is reached after many troubles.”— Philadelphia Evening Bulletin. Philadelphia : J. B. LIPPENCOTT Company. THE DIAL VOL. VI. JUNE. 1885. No. 62. 1 of remarkable force of mind and character. The predominance of the mother's influence ----- --------------------- -------- over the young poet is illustrated by the fact CONTENTS. that his earliest poems are deeply tinctured with her Bourbon and Papal principles. In- VICTOR HUGO. Melville B. Anderson ....... 33 deed, the great discrowner made his debut in VICTOR HUGO.-THREE SONNETS. William Morton literature as a kind of unofficial poet-laureate Payne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to Louis XVIII, and Charles X., writing elab- THE REVISED OLD TESTAMENT. Edward L. Curtis 35 orate odes in honor of these princes and mem- THE HUGUENOT EMIGRATION TO AMERICA. bers of their family. Despite these prepos- Charles Kendall Adams ............ 36 sessions, his youthful imagination was haunted RECENT BOOKS OF POETRY. William Morton Payne 39 by the portentous image of the great Napoleon, RUSSIA.-TZAR AND NIHILIST. N. M. Wheeler . . 45 for whom his admired father had fought; and A NEW MANUAL OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. bis mind has never shaken off this spell. More Edward Tyler . · · · · · · · · · · · · · 48 fortunate than Alexander, Napoleon has found BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ........... 50 his Homer in this child of his general. Again Freemantle's The World as the Subject of Re and again, in his prose as well as his poems, demption.-Farrar's Military Manners and Cus. Hugo yields to the fascination of this “impe- toms.-Williams's The Chemistry of Cookery.- rial theme," and such passages, collected in one Mrs. Powers's Anna Maria's Housekeeping.--Mrs. Henderson's Practical Cooking and Dinner-Giving. place, would fill a considerable volume. Such -Rodenbough's Afghanistan.--Dodge's Patroclus a volume would probably furnish curious illus- and Penelope.-Classics for Children.-Farmer's trations of the poet's successive political trans- History of Detroit and Michigan.-Brown's As. formations. Of course, the young legitimist syriology.-Knight's History of the Management treats the usurper with great severity, though of Land Grants for Education in the Northwest Territory.-Mary Treat’s Home Studies in Nature. with a suppressed and involuntary admiration -Mercer's Lenape Stone.---Simpson's Sermons.- which must have made his royal patrons shud- Miss Guiney's Goose-Quill Papers.--Coverdale's der. After the Revolution of July, 1830, The Fall of the Great Republic.-Mrs. Starrett's which he warmly supported, the poet returns The Future of Educated Women.-Mrs. Allison's to the theme in strains of wonderful power, call- Men, Women, and Money.-Mrs. Smith's Virginia ing for the interment of the glorious sleeper Cookery Book. LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS ........ 53 under the Vendôme column, where his shade TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS FOR JUNE 54 shall not miss the infinite roar of ocean in the tread of millions of feet above his resting-place. BOOKS OF THE MONTH .. .... ... .. 55 Finally, in Les Châtiments, which constitute perhaps the most terrific arraignment to which VICTOR HUGO. a monarch has ever been subjected, Napoleon the Great is fervidly exalted in order to sharpen Victor Marie Hugo, who died May 22, was the contrast between him and Napoleon the born at Besançon, February 26, 1802. Cardi Little. nal Newman, Mr. Bancroft, and Professor It was in the poems afterwards collected Ranke, are almost the only famous living | under the title of Les Chants du Crépuscule authors who antedate him. Hugo has ex (1835), written in the days of the July Revo- ceeded by just eight months the age of him lution, that Victor Hugo began to exhibit the who passed away at Weimar, March 22, 1832. spirit of humanitarian radicalism which made It is a very curious fact, which I have not seen him from that time the leader of the immortal noted, that the three preëminent figures in company of poets, orators, publicists,-among European letters since Shakespere—Voltaire, whom our own Whittier, Garrison, Phillips, Goethe, Hugo,-each had a literary career ex Sumner, are not the least honored,—who have tending over upwards of sixty years. Nearly made the nineteenth the century of the people. as long, although somewhat less conspicuous, “I am the child of this century,” he writes, in was the career of Carlyle. Like these great the parting song of Les Feuilles d'Automne. predecessors, Hugo rose to eminence almost “Each year an error departs from my mind, at a bound. No attempt will be made in this surprised and undeceived, and my faith re- place to sketch a life the outlines of which are mains firm only in thee, holy fatherland and to-day in all the newspapers. holy liberty !” Hearing everywhere the cries Victor Hugo was of good as well as gentle of the oppressed, he resolves to dedicate his birth: the adjectives are not always synony muse to the service of the defenceless classes. mous. His father was one of Napoleon's dis “Forgetting, therefore, love, family, child- tinguished generals; his mother a gentlewomanhood, idle songs, retired leisure, I add to my 34 [June, THE DIAL lyre a brazen chord.” With the din of the Hugo only as the poet of childhood and of barricades hardly out of his ears, he sketches sentiment, can have little conception of his in an exhilarating ode the magnificent future prodigious range. When he rises to his full of the opening century, “a century pure and height, he leaves these happy regions, and pacific,” in which the young men of France strides through a dim realm of terrors where, shall emulate their strong and generous ances as in Milton's abode of the fallen angels, tors—“men a hundred cubits high, foster- “Nature breeds, fathers of nations,”—a century in which they Perverse, all monstrous, all prodigious things, shall enfranchise the nations and liberate Gorgons, and hydras, and chimeras dire." human thought, carry the torch of freedom to Of this fantastic realm of the dreadful, the those who sit in darkness, and lead the human grotesque, the unspeakable, Victor Hugo is race to double its step toward the sublime unchallenged sovereign. He transports us to goal. no serene land of dreams “beyond the light of Whatever may be said of “the young men the morning star "; or if he does at times have of France” thus addressed, of Victor Hugo at visions of such scenes, they are such glimpses least it may be affirmed that he has for fifty as a scathed and outcast spirit might catch at five years been true as steel to his teachings. Heaven's gate. In a passage of characteristic He dies knowing that the ideal programme eloquence concerning Æschylus, Hugo uncon- thus sketched in 1830 was prophetic. He has sciously describes his own mind so remarkably, read his own prophecy in the light of its ful- that I venture to offer a translation of a few filment. He dies with the happy consciousness lines: that his works have coöperated with the best “Æschylus has none of the recognized propor- tendencies of his time to bring about popular tions. He is shaggy, abrupt, excessive, unsuscepti- government in France and England, to liberate ble of softened contour, almost savage, with a grace Hungary and unite Italy, to free Russian serf all his own like that of the flowers of wild nooks, haunted less by the nymphs than by the fairies, and African slave, to improve penal codes and siding with the Titans, among the goddesses choos- temper justice with mercy, to give utterance ing the austere, greeting the Gorgons with a dark to the inarticulate indignation and aspiration smile, like Othryx and Briareus a son of the soil, and of the masses everywhere, to obtain for men of ready to scale the skies anew against the upstart all tongues and classes the priceless benefits of Jupiter." science and letters untrammelled by the im- As his thoughts and images, so are his primatur of medieval ecclesiasticism. heroes. If the modern popular imagination In no period of her history, not even in the has lost sight of the demi-gods, genii, kobolds, age of Molière and Corneille, can France show were-wolves, of primitive poetry, if these, a more brilliant company of men of literary “The intelligible forms of ancient poets,” genius than that of which Victor Hugo has for all have vanished, yet do Victor Hugo's works a half-century been the acknowledged chief. alone go far to re-people our fancies with such “Acknowledged,” I say; but the acknowledg shapes of dread and terror. Jean Valjean, ment is as often to be sought in the violence of Hernani, Ruy Blas, are hardly less heroic be- revolt against such preëminence, as in the loy ings than Achilles, Siegfried, and the Cid; alty of his followers. Anglo-Saxon critics find while Quasimodo, Triboulet, Goulatromba, in this supremacy a riddle hard to read. That Javert, are as much preternatural beings as in the land of bon goût and of esprit, a writer the medieval elves and goblins. Wanting signally ungifted with these fine qualities taste and measure, Hugo never hesitates to should so long be overstep “the modesty of nature.” Beyond “Victor in Drama, Victor in Romance," Nature he discovers the realm of Chaos and unrivalled in all the higher forms of poetry, is Old Night, in which all poets who had before a fact unexampled and unparalleled in literary him ventured there had perished. Into this history. To say that this success is due to the realm he calmly enters; here he sets up his vast range, the teeming fertility of his genius, throne and asserts his right of eminent do- to its fiery energy untamed by time, is but little main. Saintsbury says of him pregnantly: more than to re-state the riddle. “His defects emerge as his merits subside.” No poet is more at home among children. Would it not be equally true to say that he None portrays more exquisitely the innocent succeeds partly by virtue of his defects? To thoughts and fresh fancies of that blessed a genius of such lurid vividness of fancy, Eden in each man's life which we call child such Napoleonic swiftness of invention, such hood. Nor is his sympathy confined to the vast sweep of wing, the qualities missed by home of happy childhood: he seems still more the critics would have been shackling and tenderly familiar with the wretched garret of emasculating. Had he been eminently en- “The child of misery baptised in tears." dowed with the attributes which constitute Perhaps his Fantines and Esmeraldas are more the greatness of Virgil and Gray, Victor Hugo charming and touching creations than their would never have been the leader of the most happier sisters. But those who know Victor | notable literary movement of the century. 1885.] 35 THE DIAL -- - At any rate, millions of readers have for sixty years been content to accept our poet with all his defects. Would you have him very different? A correct and decorous Victor Hugo would be as bad as Racine's Theseus in knee-breeches and pumps. Such as he is, he has gone to represent his age in that select congress of bards and sages whom Dante saw in his vision. Petrarch, Chaucer, Shakespere, Molière, Milton, Cervantes, Voltaire, have joined that company since Dante went to it the second time. There Goethe, of whose superior fame he seemed envious, and Emer- son, of whom he seems never to have heard, have already welcomed Victor Hugo. MELVILLE B. ANDERSON. VICTOR HUGO.-THREE SONNETS. I A century of wonder-working years Are almost past, since Freedom's dawn, blood-red, Shone first on France, a growing splendor shed O’er souls of men held fast by shapeless fears Born of the night and nurtured by the tears Of myriads priest- and king-enthralled, who led Lives made familiar with such grief that dread Of life grew greater than of death which sears The wound of being. And the sunrise brought A singer forth, who gazed upon the sun With eye undazzled, and whose song was fraught With thunders and with lightnings, such as none Save he might wield; and mightily he wrought For Freedom's sake, until his work was done. THE REVISED OLD TESTAMENT.* This work completes the labor of fourteen years of one hundred and one Biblical schol- ars, sixty-seven of whom were English and Scotch, and thirty-four American. This re- vised Bible is the first version of the Christian Scriptures upon which so large a number of persons have been employed. The earlier ver- sions were mostly the work of individuals ; although forty-seven scholars, appointed by royal authority and belonging to one church, prepared that of 1611. This also is the most catholic of all versions, for the revisers have been confined to no single church or denomi- nation, but were chosen purely on the ground of scholastic and Biblical qualifications, from all branches of English-speaking Christendom using King James's version. The version of the New Testament was given the public four years ago. It has been severely criticized on two grounds: first, that of the Greek text taken as the basis of the re- vision; and secondly, for the changes made in the translation, which are said to have marred the style of the authorized version. The re- vised Old Testament escapes the possibility of attack upon a ground similar to the first of these, because there is in reality, since all He- brew MSS. are of one recension or family, but one Hebrew text, and although this text may not be perfect, still means at present are not at hand to correct it. And for the second of these reasons, we are confident also that it will not receive severe worthy criticism. The proportionate number of changes is only about one-half as many as those made in the New Testament. The effect of the pure and simple style of the authorized version has not been destroyed. On the whole, we think the Eng. lish of the Old Testament will be found to have been improved, while the meaning of the original has been more clearly presented, and there has been placed within the reach of the mere English reader what hitherto has been confined to those familiar with the Hebrew. The revisers have been very conservative. The English ones particularly seem to have loved the old version for its own sake-to have revered it as a product of their own mother tongue, a classic of the flowering-time in Eng- lish literature. Hence they have dealt with it very gently and touched it sparingly. All archaisms, whether of language or construc- tion, not liable to be misunderstood, although not in familiar use, have been retained; such words as “disannul” for “annul,” “astonied” for “astonished,” “minish” for “diminish,” “strakes” for “streakes," “fray” for “frighten,” * THE HOLY BIBLE. Containing the Old and New Tes. taments, Translated out of the Original Tongues, being the Version set forth A. D. 1611, Compared with the most Ancient Authorities and Revised. Oxford: At the Uni. versity Press. 1885. TT. Yet not without fierce struggle was the night Utterly vanquished; for the early gleam Of morning quickly faded, and each beam Of the uprisen sun was veiled from sight By lowering storm-clouds, while in day's despite Many lay down to sleep again and dream, Witless that of all hours the hour supreme Was come indeed for France. But all was light About the singer's soul; and he alone With unbowed head braved out the storm, defied Its impotent utmost rage; while radiant shone Within his eyes a light no storm might hide: Such songs he sang as earth had never known; And when the sun shone clear again, he died. III. Highest of all the singers of our age, His songs are ours forever, set beyond The reach of envious years, a precious bond To bind all hearts with his, and to assuage In part the grief wherewith we turn that page Of Life writ with his name; while memories fond Gladden our hearts, that may not all despond Since he has left with us so rich a gage. And yet his death has darkened all the earth, And life may never be again the same As when he shared it with us; now in dearth And desolation, we invoke his name, Dwell on the recollection of his worth, And guard the sacred heritage of his fame. WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. 36 [June, THE DIAL “sith” for “since,” and others. This was the prophets, which are magnificent poems, against the protest of the American revisers, were not also thus given. In the poetic books who, in the true American spirit, would have will be found also the most noticeable changes. substituted modern expressions; regarding the The style of the historical books is simple, Bible, in the words of one of them, “not a re- and the translation was attended with no great pository of linguistic curiosities, but a book of difficulty; that also of the authorized version life and instruction.” They were the less was generally most excellent. But with the conservative body. They preferred as the poetic books this was not always so. The Divine name “Jehovah” wherever it occurs in book of Job fared especially badly at the the Hebrew text, instead of, after the author- | hands of the early translators, who for mean- ized version, “the LORD” or “God.” But ings were obliged often to rely upon the Sep- since these latter, when standing for Jehovah, tuagint and Vulgate, and many of their ren- are distinguished by being printed in small derings were simple guesses. Hence no por- capitals, and since there is properly no such tion of the revised version presents more Hebrew word as Jehovah (the vowel points changes than this ; they number over one being those of the Hebrew Adonai), and thousand. No book has, in the removal of since, also, this change would have effected obscurities, been more improved. For exam- hundreds of verses and disturbed, associations ples of changes see iv. 6; v. 24; vi. 14, 18; vii. with so many passages that are household 20; ix. 20-22; xii. 5; xiii. 12, 27; xv. 26; xvii. words, we are glad that it was not made. 6; xviii. 13–15; xx. 3, 18; xxi. 17-21; xxii. 20, Indeed, in English speech the Lord, as the 29, 30; xxvi. 5, 10; xxviii. 3, 4; xxxi. 31, 34, 35; name of Deity, is a truer rendering than Jeho xxxvi. 32, 33; xxxix. 19, 20; xl. 23, 24; xli. 30. vah. The latter has still to the mass of Eng It has been questioned by many whether lish readers, if not, as according to Matthew this revised version will supplant that of King Arnold, a mythological sound, yet a foreign, James. To our mind there is no doubt that in Hebrew one. Many rough expressions also course of time it will. It will be used by all would the American revisers have softened, desiring the most accurate version. It will be giving, “when my mother bare me," instead found on the table of every scholar. Gradu- of “when I came out of the belly”; “ children ally it will make its way among the mass of of mine own mother," instead of children of the people. For this revision of the Old Tes- my mother's womb”; and others. Many of tament, we are especially thankful. Errors those marginal readings also which are ap have been corrected, and obscurities removed. proved by the best scholarship as the more The grandeur and sweetness of the Hebrew probable rendering, they would have inserted have been more accurately given ; the gran- in the text, rejecting the old readings entirely, deur and sweetness of the old version have not or placing them in the margin. been impaired. EDWARD L. Curtis. As in the revised New Testament, the head- ings of the chapters have been removed, and one can read the Bible without having a com- THE HUGUENOT EMIGRATION TO ment and interpretation thrust upon him as a AMERICA.* part of the original. This is especially grati Perhaps there is no reason why a historical fying in the prophetical writings and the scholar who inherits a great subject should Song of Solomon, about whose application | be regarded as less fortunate than the ordinary there is such a diversity of opinion. The di mortal who inherits a great estate of another vision is also into paragraphs according to kind. The Baird Brothers belong to that select sense and context, and parts closely united are class of happy intelligences whose members not chopped asunder by the too often arbitrary are spared the necessity of exhausting their divisions of verse and chapter. But most energies in the wear and tear of deciding what marked and valuable is the arrangement of the literary work they shall undertake. All such chief poetic books according to the laws of troublesome preliminaries appear to have been Hebrew parallelism. Hebrew poetry, as is kindly settled for them by their accomplished well known, depends not on metre or rhyme, father. The Rev. Dr. Robert Baird more than but on a balance of thought conveyed by a forty years ago placed us under obligation to corresponding balance of sentence; and the him by writing his book on “Religion in effect of Hebrew poetry can be preserved in a | America”; but he was good enough, perhaps translation as that of no other. But to do for the sake of the boys, not to exhaust the this most happily, as in the case of all poetry, subject, but to do just enough with it to reveal there must be poetic form. Hence far greater its vast possibilities, and at the same time to enjoyment will be found in reading Old Testa- point out the way to his successors. That his ment poetry in the new version than in the lessons were received with profit by his old. One gains far more readily the spirit of the original. It is to be regretted that this was * HISTORY OF THE HUGUENOT EMIGRATION TO AMER- ICA. By Charles W. Baird, D.D. Vols. I. and II. New not carried further, and that many portions of | York: Dodd, Mead & Company. 1885.] THE DIAL 37 - --- -- ---- -- -- ---- --- - - children was at least plainly intimated when | striking or original ways of doing things. At Professor Henry M. Baird made the sub- least it must be said that their ways hardly stantial contribution to historical literature of | contributed anything of especial importance to the first two volumes of the “Rise of the the development or the retarding of institu- Huguenots in France.” And now, from the tions. The colony, wherever a colony was pen of another son come two handsome, portly established, gradually faded out of existence volumes on the Huguenots in America, with as such, and we soon have in the place of a the promise of several more. The subject is group, simply a number of isolated persons. worth writing about, and the volumes are clad This, it will be seen, was a characteristic the in the beauty of scholarship; therefore we bid very opposite of the one that was most note- them welcome. worthy in the Pilgrim and the Puritan. The As just intimated, the volumes here pub early New Englander, perhaps more emphat- lished make up but a part of the work. The ically than any other creature in the history of author begins with an account of the unsuc- the world, was a political being. But even Aris- cessful attempts made by French Protestants to totle would hardly have applied his famous cet a foothold in America before the Edict of definition to a Frenchman. He is interesting Nantes. This is followed with a sketch of the individually and socially, but he has never efforts of a similar nature put forth while the shown himself apt in political inventiveness, or famous edict was in force. The reader is then even in political enterprise. It is not strange taken to France for the purpose of studying therefore that the Huguenots in America the causes and the effects of the Revocation. really had no political characteristics that are The dispersion is described, and the second worthy of note. They were in America simply volume is brought to a close with an account what, if left undisturbed, they would have of the Huguenots settled in New England. been in France : good citizens, whose chief The manner of treatment, while not without | duty it was to obey God and serve the king. some defects, is on the whole doubtless worthy The earliest French Protestants that came of high commendation. The book is full of to America seem not to have been very thor- learning that has been brought together from | oughly inspired with a sense of religious obli- obscure hiding places in various parts of Eu- gations. It was in 1555 that Villegagnon, a rope and America. The author has not only brave soldier and accomplished naval com- compelled the great libraries in France and | mander, proposed to Coligny the establishment England to give him their secrets, but he has of a Protestant colony in Brazil. The proposi- also enticed into his service a vast number of tion met with favor, and within a few months family papers hitherto unpublished, and for two ships and a transport were ready to sail the most part unknown. The Bowdoins and with a considerable company of emigrants. the Reveres, the Faneuils and the Bayards, the Soon after leaving the port, however, a violent Tourgées and the Gillettes, the Coreys and the storm drove them back in a very discouraged Duponts, indeed hundreds of our citizens | mood. All but eighty of the large company with French names, will here find welcome in deserted the ships. The vessels, after the num- formation in regard to their Huguenotic pro- | ber of passengers had been recruited, at length genitors. More than this, hundreds also of | reached the bay of Rio de Janeiro, and a set- those bearing English names, who suspect tlement was begun. But Dr. Baird says that that a slight tinge of French hue has been “Villegagnon found it difficult to keep his given to their blood by some ever-so-great | vicious and refractory followers under control. grandmother, will here find an array of knowl | A conspiracy against his life, in which all but edge that will at least tend to the solution of five joined, was discovered barely in time, and their doubts. References to the sources of the summary punishment of the ringleader information are even discouragingly numerous; struck terror into the minds of the rest.” But for vast numbers of them point to manuscripts | a conspiracy like that was a trifling aberration that few eyes will ever have the pleasure of in comparison with what happened to the next seeing. But the author has been considerate expedition. In October of 1556 a great meet- enough to give abundant extracts, and conse- | ing was held at Geneva, at which, as Lescarbot quently the most important statements rest upon relates, the people "gave thanks to God for that evidence that is made satisfactorily apparent. they saw the way open to establish their doc- The history is very largely a history of indi trine yonder, and to cause the light of the vidual persons, and therefore can hardly be Gospel to shine forth among those barbarous said to carry the general reader along with any people, godless, lawless, and without religion.” very absorbing interest. The Huguenots were A very considerable company was brought doubtless very interesting as individuals, but together and put under the pratonage of Sieur they were not especially interesting as a class. | du Pont, an old neighbor and friend of Co- Even when they were grouped together in ligny. The fleet consisted of three vessels. considerable numbers, as at Oxford and at Just as they were at the point of embarking, a Boston, they appear not to have had any very | mob burst in upon them, and in the affray that 38 [June, THE DIAL followed, Captain Dennis, one of their number, faith with their last breath, were dragged was killed. That the Huguenots themselves through the streets and then cast into the pub- were not averse to a brisk fight, may be in- | lic sewer. This was not an unusual severity. ferred from what followed. In the course of The “dragonnades” were successful in secur- the voyage, which lasted nearly four months, | ing renunciation or in putting to death or in the monotony of life was frequently relieved driving into flight nearly all those who had by an engagement with some Catholic foe. embraced the reformed doctrines. Men dis- Their religion appears to have been of that guised themselves as women in order to escape. robust and militant kind which suffered One instance is given of a woman's being put nothing from an occasional lapse into piracy. into a hogshead and transported to England as Several times in the course of the voyage the freight. François L'Egaré, a progenitor of appearance of Spanish or Portuguese vessels the eminent scholar, Hugh Swinton Legaré, is afforded them the two-fold advantage of | reported to have escaped from Lyons in a teaching a religious lesson to sinful Catholics, peasant's dress. At Montpelier, six thousand and at the same time of securing an abundance abjured in one day in order to escape the of recreation and supplies. Indeed, the whole “dragooning"; but abjuration was often history of the movement shows that every | merely a means of facilitating flight. The man regarded every other faith than his own borders, however, were picketed, and flight, as a heresy which it was the first duty of a though in many instances successful, was often Christian in one way or another to stamp out. | impossible. Even when the successful fugi- The conduct of the earliest Huguenots is of tives reached London, their troubles were by course not to be regarded as evidence of excep- no means at an end. They were generally tional intolerance, but simply as an illustra brought over to America by contract with tion of the oft-quoted saying of Sir James some shipping company. Here is a part of a Mackintosh that in the sixteenth century there contract described in vol. ii., p. 186: was no more thought of tolerating heresy than “Every passenger above the age of six years to there was of tolerating murder and arson. have seven pounds of bread every weeke, and to The experiment in Brazil came to a disas- mess eight passengers; and to have two pieces of trous end; and similar attempts in North Porke at two pounds each peece, five days in a America, though generally interrupted by no weeke, with pease; and two days in a week, to have two four-pound peeces of Beefe a day and peese, or such turbulent episodes, fared scarcely better. one four-pound peece of Beefe with a Pudding with In Florida, in Acadia, in Canada, in New Neth Peese; and at any time, if it shall happen, that they erland, and in the Antilles, settlements were are not willing the Kettle should be boyled, or by attempted, but they were all the victims of a bad weather cannot, in such case every passenger capricious fortune. Their struggles have been shall have one pound of cheese every such day; and described with a painstaking and commendable such children as are under six years of age, to have minuteness by Dr. Baird ; but the more one such allowance in flower, oat-meal, Fruit, Sugar, and butter, as the overseers of them shall judge learns of them the more one sees that they had convenient." not within them the elements of any substan- Their fortune was indeed a discouraging tial success except in a purely personal way. one, for, even when they had arrived in The part of the volumes that is of most America, they were not free from that inter- general interest is the portion devoted to the ference which was always the fatal character- Revocation and the Flight. The common istic of the relations of France with her method of escape was by way of England. colonists in the new world. Only a few months A Relief Committee was established at London after the Revocation, orders came to the Goy- for the purpose of defraying the expenses to ernor-General at Martinique to take measures America of the poor refugees. The reaching without delay for the extirpation of heresy in of London was a matter of great ingenuity and the western continent. The King expressed often of great peril. The French government the hope that his colonial subjects would seemed almost as desirous of preventing escape readily follow the example of so many of his as of securing conversion. The agents of the subjects in France, and renounce their errors. king did not leave one village to go to another It was doubtless owing to this fact that the until they believed that every Protestant had Huguenots generally distributed themselves been either converted or ruined. Houses were among the other colonists, and in this way pillaged, women were outraged and tortured, escaped the persecution that otherwise would men were flogged, and all were dragged to the inevitably have followed. After Louis XIV. churches. If Protestants could be persuaded abjured all statesmanship and betook himself to kneel before an altar or place a hand upon to his Maintenon and his missal, the only hope the Bible, they were reported as converted. of the Huguenots was in allowing themselves If not, they were subjected to every conceiv to be lost sight of in the more or less promis- able indignity. A contemporary account re cuous population of America. It was thus only lates that at Rouen the naked bodies of | by losing their lives that they were able to save Huguenots that had refused to renounce their l them CHARLES KENDALL ADAMS. 1885.] 39 THE DIAL RECENT BOOKS OF POETRY.* And this is but one of many to be found in The new poetry of the season includes several the nine studies here grouped together. Of books of considerable importance, but Mr. the commemorative poetry of the volume, the Swinburne's volume easily takes precedence of two odes already mentioned are the most im- all the rest. When we reflect that back of this portant examples. That to Victor Hugo is a new volume there lie a score of others, and that New Year's song, and celebrates the completion the poet is still comparatively young, we cannot of the “Légende des Siècles.” Mr. Swinburne fail to be forcibly impressed with the vigor of begins the ode with a suggestion of personal his genius; and an examination of the work reminiscence: “ Twice twelve times have the springs of years refilled will produce an equally marked impression of Their fountains from the river-head of time, the freshness of his inspiration. It is true that Since by the green sea's marge, ere autumn chilled he tells us little that he has not told us before, Waters and woods with sense of changing clime, but in his treatment of the subjects which he A great light rose upon my soul, and thrilled My spirit of sense with sense of spheres in chime. has made so peculiarly his own, he exhibits a Sound as of song where with a God would build fertility of resource which redeems such a Towers that no force of conquering war might climb.” collection as this from the charge of being And this last of the many tributes which Mr. altogether repetition—although it includes an Swinburne has brought to the supreme poet of ode to Victor Hugo and another to Mazzini, our age comes to an end with the following poems of childhood and poems of the sea, noble strain: sonnets upon current political events and pages " Life, everlasting while the worlds endure, Death, self-abased before a power more high, of rhymed invective. The variety which the Shall bear one witness, and their word stand sure, volume offers is thus seen to be considerable. That not till time be dead shall this man die. In the first place, we have the collection of Love, like a bird, comes loyal to his lure; Fame flies before him, wingless else to fly. studies called “A Midsummer Holiday,” from A child's heart toward his kind is not more pure, which the volume takes its name. These are An eagle's toward the sun no lordlier eye." poems suggested by certain typical phases of The poem is furnished with notes which ex- English landscape, having just enough of de | plain the allusions, but their value is not very scription to account for the emotional burden obvious, for the reader already familiar with which is carried by each of them. The metre “The legend writ of ages” will have no use is varied, but the form is that of the ballad of for them, and the one who is not will be made three stanzas and an envoy. Very beautiful, none the wiser by their study. But the most for example, is such a passage as this: truly faultless piece of work in this volume is "Along these low-pleached lanes on such a day, the one dedicated to Mazzini. These simple So soft a day as this, through shade and sun, lines go more directly to the heart than all the With glad grave eyes that scanned the glad wild way, And heart still hovering o'er a song begun, ingenious complexity of praise bestowed upon And smile that warmed the world with benison, the august French poet; and we feel that they Our father, lord long since of lordly rhyme, are not unworthy even of the stainless soul to Long since hath haply ridden, when the lime Bloomed broad above him, flowering where he came, whose memory they are inscribed. The closing Because thy passage once made warm this clime, stanzas of this exquisite poem are here given: Our father Chaucer, here we praise thy name." “Life and the clouds are vanished. Hate and fear Have had their span * A MIDSUMMER HOLIDAY, AND OTHER POEMS. By of time to hurt, and are not. He is here, Algernon Charles Swinburne. New York: R. Worth- The sun-like man. ington. THE POEMS OF WINTHROP MACKWORTH PRAED. Two “ City superb that hadst Columbus first volumes in one. New York: White, Stokes & Allen. For sovereign son, AT THE SIGN OF THE LYRE. By Austin Dobson. New Be prouder that thy breast hath later nurst York: Henry Holt & Co. This mightier one. THE SECRET OF DEATH, AND OTHER POEMS. By Edwin “ Earth shows to beaven the names by thousands told Arnold. Boston: Roberts Brothers. That crown her fame, A CHILD'S GARDEN OF VERSES. By Robert Louis But highest of all that heaven and earth behold, Stevenson, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Mazzini's name." POEMS OF THE OLD DAYS AND THE NEW. By Jean Did space permit, it would be pleasant to INGELOW. Boston: Roberts Brothers. reproduce the entire poem, and also to illustrate GLENAVERIL; OR, THE METAMORPHOSES. A Poem in Six Books. By the Earl of Lytton (Owen Meredith). New the series of three noble sonnets to the memory York: D. Appleton & Co. of Louis Blanc. But we must pass on to a ROMER, KING OF NORWAY, AND OTHER DRAMAS. By Adair Welcker. Sacramento, Cal. very different kind of song from this, and CAMP-FIRE, MEMORIAL-DAY, AND OTHER POEMS. By listen to the voice of the republican poet as he Kate Brownlee Sherwood. Chicago: Jansen, McClurg & Co. chants the “Conservative Journalist's An- THE CONFESSIONS OF HERMES. By Paul Hermes. Phila- delphia: David McKay. them.” This really superb series of sonnets LA CHANSON DE ROLAND. Translated by Léonce Rabil. was evoked by a memorable utterance of “The lon, New York: Henry Holt & Co. Saturday Review” at the time when Tenny- MIRÈIO. A PROVENÇAL POEM. By Fréderic Mistral. Translated by Harriet W. Preston. Boston: Roberts son's elevation (or degradation) to the peerage Brothers. was being generally discussed. In the columns SELECTED POEMS FROM MICHELANGELO BIONARROTI. of that stanch defender of old-time supersti- With Translations from Various sources. Edited by Ed. nah D. Cheney. Boston: Lee & Shepard. tions, there then appeared this amazing utter- 40 THE DIAL [June, The serf, the cur, the sycophant, is he - - -- ance: “As a matter of fact, no man living, or of Praed will eclipse her more dignified sisters who ever lived—not Cæsar or Pericles, not who preside over the productions of many a Shakespeare or Michael Angelo—could confer “standard” author of the second and third honor more than he took on entering the House class. There is far too much of this poetry of Lords." The first of Mr. Swinburne's three for all of it to be good, but the best of it is sonnets is as follows: well worth keeping. Every one knows “The “O Lords our Gods, beneficent, sublime, Belle of the Ball-room”—that classic among In the evening, and before the morning flames, vers de société—and every collection of this We praise, we bless, we magnify your names. sort of verse contains numerous other equally The slave is he that serves not, his the crime And shame, who hails not as the crown of Time good pieces by Praed. Mr. Locker, who is an That House wherein the all-envious world acclaims authority upon this subject, is constant in his Such glory that the reflex of it shames praises of this writer, who was one of the All crowns bestowed of men for prose or rhyme. earliest and one of the best writers of a species Who feels no cringing motion twitch his knee of verse which the lighter fancy of this cen- When from a height too high for Shakespere nods tury has made peculiarly its own. For light- The wearer of a higher than Milton's crown. Stoop, Chaucer, stoop; Keats, Shelley, Burns, bow down; ness of touch, pointed and epigrammatic brill- These have no part with you, O Lords our Gods." iancy, and delicate suggestion of pathos, he It would be difficult to match the irony of has hardly been improved upon by Thackeray these sonnets anywhere in English literature, or Holmes, by Locker or by Dobson. Perhaps and perhaps impossible to match their combi | he has done the best that it is possible to do nation of irony with lofty poetic utterance. without exceeding the limitations naturally There are in this collection several other poems imposed upon this kind of metrical composi- inspired by political passion, but in which irony tion. gives way to stern denunciation. Such a The latest and best of Praed's successors has strain as this, for example, is anything but prepared a second collection of poems for the conciliatory: American public, and has bestowed upon it as “Not in spite but in right of dishonor title “At the Sign of the Lyre.” The pub- There are actors who trample your boards lishers have provided it with the conspicuously Till the earth that endures you upon her Grows weary to bear you, my lords." unpleasant exterior which made the “Vig- And this is equally uncompromising: nettes in Rhyme” so painful a contrast to the “Old World Idylls," of which that volume is " They are worthy to reign on their brothers, To contemn them as clods and as carles, nearly a reprint; but we should be glad to get Who are graces by grace of such mothers a new volume by Austin Dobson in any form, As brightened the bed of King Charles." and may fairly give it a most cordial welcome, It is perhaps safe to assert that upon the | in which, however, those who are responsible death of Lord Tennyson, Mr. Swinburne will for its appearance can have no part. It would not be made Poet Laureate. But the republic, exceed the truth to say that this volume is as which has been as a splendid vision ever before precious a gift as the first one was. It con- his eyes, and of the glory of whose appearance tains much that we should not greatly miss, he has sung his “Songs Before Sunrise,” will but, on the other hand, it contains much that bestow upon him a higher crown than was ever is fully worthy of the author. There are two worn by a court poet, and his memory will be dramatic skethes here, but they are far from held imperishable by all who love justice and being equal to the “Proverbs in Porcelain ” of truth and freedom and the glory of supernal the earlier volume. The pieces which are song. more strictly vers de société are of exception- In several conspicuous instances, the works ally fine quality, as are also those numerous of distinguished English writers have found poems which are redolent with eighteenth general favor in America before their merits century fragrance. “Incognito” and “Prem- have received adequate recognition at home. iers Amours," as illustrative of the verse of One of these cases is that of the poems of this class, are all that could be desired. The Winthrop Mackworth Praed (1802–1839), of “Fables of Literature and Art,” the “Old which three distinct editions were published French Forms,” and the “Carmina Votiva” in this country before they were first collected contain also many gems; but, delightful as in England by the family of the poet after his all this is, Mr. Dobson is best when he is most death. The standard edition of the poems serious, or at least when rather more serious then prepared and provided with a memoir by than anything else. There is nothing in this the Rev. Derwent Coleridge is now reproduced collection more essentially poetic than the fine in this country in a handsome volume, which sonnet on “Don Quixote": should be promptly added to every collection “ Behind thy pasteboard, on thy battered hack, of the “British Poets.” Once there, we ven- Thy lean cheek striped with plaster to and fro, ture to assert that it will be more frequently Thy long spear leveled at the unseen foe read than the majority of the tomes admitted to And doubtful Sancho trudging at thy back Thou wert a figure strange enough, good lack! that select circle, and that the sprightly muse | To make Wiseacredom, both high and low, 1885.] 41 THE DIAL - -- - Rub purblind eyes, and (having watched thee go) “ I don't defend them. 'Twas a serious act, Dispatch its Dogberrys upon thy track: No doubt too much determined by the senses; Alas! poor Knight! Alas! poor soul possest! (Alis! when these affinities attract, . Yet would to-day when Courtesy grows chill We lose the future in the present tenses!) And life's fine loyalties are turned to jest, Besides, the least establishment's a fact Some fire of thine might burn within us still! Involving nice adjustment of expenses; Ah, would but one might lay his lance in rest, Moreover, too, reflection should reveal And charge in earnest-were it but a mill!”. That not remote contingent-la famille. “ Yet these, maybe, were happy in their lot. The poems called “Palomydes” and “André Milton has said (and surely Milton knows) le Chapelain” belong also to the entirely ser- That after all, philosophy is 'not,- ious work which may be found here. The lat- Not harsh and crabbed, as dull fools suppose'; ter of these two poems, which is a “plaint to And some, no doubt, for love's sake have forgot Much that is needful in this world of prose; Venus of the coming years," is a song placed Perchance 'twas so with these. But who shall say? upon the lips of a “clerk of love,” and is a Time has long since swept them and theirs away." thing of exquisite beauty. This beauty, how. We have quoted from this story at some ever, it is impossible to adequately illustrate | length, because it is an exceedingly typical by anything less than the entire poem, which example of the author's work. The quality of is too long for insertion here. Coming now playful seriousness which this poem displays is to that happy combination of jest and earnest the cachet of Mr. Dobson's genius. at which Mr. Dobson is an adept, we find among Mr. Edwin Arnold's new volume has no the “Tales in Rhyme” an inimitable piece very great value. It is a collection of miscel- called “A Story from a Dictionary.” The laneous and occasional poems upon a variety dictionary is Bayle's, and the story one of a of subjects, together with some translations. Greek girl of noble family who fell in love There is one theme, and one alone, which can with a philosopher. Now this philosopher | make a poet of Mr. Arnold; with all others he was not regarded as an unexceptionable match is little more than a versifier. Consequently, by Athenian society, and the friends of the we find that the two Buddhist poems in this maiden used every means to persuade her of volume are the only ones which show real in- the folly of the attachment. At last they spiration. The first of these, “The Secret of hit upon the rash expedient of getting the Death,” gives a title to the collection, and is a man himself to talk with the girl and seek to transcription from the “Katha Upanishad." convince her of the unreasonableness of her It contains too many passages of Sanskrit to conduct. The philosopher appeared, and set | be the smoothest sort of reading for persons bravely about his task: who are not oriental scholars, but the heartiest “Began at once her sentiments to tame, thanks of all lovers of literature are due to Mr. Working discreetly to the point debated Arnold for whatever of oriental thought he By steps rhetorical I spare to name; may see fit to interpret for them. The great In other words,- he broke the matter gently. Meanwhile the lady looked at him intently.” religions of the East have found few such in- This steadfast gaze proved very disconcert- terpreters as he, perhaps none other at once so ing to the philosopher, who found that his scholarly and so sympathetic; and our debt for philosophy was not fitted to the emergency, this is incalculably great. “A Discourse of and made so sad a failure of the argument Buddha" is the other of the two poems referred that it ended in hopeless confusion; finding to, and is little more than an echo of the dis- himself all at once “conscious of nothing but course in the eighth book of the “Light of a sudden yearning.” “ Good is it helping kindred! good to dwell " Therefore be changed his tone, flung down his wallet, Blameless and just to all; Described his lot, how pitiable and poor; Good to give alms with good will in the heart, The hut of mud-the miserable pallet, Albeit the store be small! The alms solicited from door to door; “Good to speak sweet and gentle words, to be The scanty fare of bitter bread and sallet, Merciful, patient, mild; Could she this shame,-this poverty endure? To hear the Law, and keep it, leading days I scarcely think he knew what he was doing, Innocent, undefiled. But that last line had quite a touch of wooing. “ These be chief goods-for evil by its like “ And so she answered him,-those early Greeks Ends not, nor hate by hate: Took little care to keep concealment preying By love hate censeth; by well-doing ill; At any length upon their damask cheeks,- By knowledge life's sad state.” She answered him by very simply saying, This is good, but it has been said before and She would and could,-and said it as one speaks Who takes no course without much careful weighing; better said. The most important of the trans- Was this, perchance, the answer that he hoped? lations in this volume are “ The Epic of the It might or might not be. But they eloped. Lion,” from Victor Hugo, and the “Nencia” " Sought the free pine-wood and the larger air,- of Lorenzo de' Medici. As for the remaining The leafy sanctuaries, remote and inner, poems, the difference is very marked between Where the great heart of nature, beating bare, Receives benignantly both saint and sinner;- them and all that portion of Mr. Arnold's Leaving propriety to gasp and stare, work which is inspired by the teachings of And shake its head, like Burleigh, after dinner, Gautama. Omitting three or four pieces, the From pure incompetence to mar or mend them: They fled and wed;-though, mind, I don't defend them. | volume would hardly attract attention, Asia.” 42 THE DIAL. [June, - - - And when he puts his tools away, He digs the flowers and cuts the bay, ---- - - - Wordsworth has told us, in the language of There are many readers to whom a new vol- maturity, how the world looks to a child. Mr. ume of the poems of Jean Ingelow will be Robert Louis Stevenson has now done for us very welcome. That estimable English woman something which is perhaps still more difficult: has an assured place among the poets of the he has told the same story in the language of household, whatever may be her place upon childhood itself, and with the associations and Parnassus; and these “Poems of the Old the imagery natural to very tender years. Of Days and the New” are likely to have a host course it is an ideal sort of child whom we of readers. We wish it were possible to say must imagine as writing “A Child's Garden more of them in the way of absolute praise. of Verses," but we may find in the work itself Thoroughly honest as they are in their work- just that quaintness and that freshness which, manship, sincere in their expression, and bring- with touches of an unconscious wisdom whose ing in their suggestion many beautiful asso- conscious expression would be far beyond ciations, yet we are not greatly inclined to their years, constitutes the charm of inter- | linger over them. The volume contains several course with children, and makes of childhood long narrative poems, in which the subjective a never-ending revelation to the wisest of us. I element is very strongly marked, and of which Like all the rest of Mr. Stevenson's work, the first, with the title of “Rosamund,” is these verses are delightful reading for either perhaps the best-although there are portions young or old. What could be more philosoph of “The Sleep of Sigismund” which have a ical than these reflections of a child upon “The | striking and quite peculiar beauty. The re- Gardener”? maining pieces are numerous, written upon a “ The gardener does not love to talk, variety of subjects, and expressive of equally He makes me keep the gravel walk; varied moods. The new metrical composition of the late He locks the door and takes the key. “vice-empress” of India is published in “ Away behind the currant row Where no one else but cook may go, monthly parts, presumably out of considera- Far in the plots, I see him dig, tion for its possible readers. It is based upon Old and serious, brown and big. no less a model than “Don Juan,” and falls “ He digs the flowers, green, red, and blue, no less short of that model than any other Nor wishes to be spoken to. production of its noble author falls short of And never seems to want to play. whatever it may imitate. The story is made “ Silly gardener! summer goes, comparatively simple, to allow space for the And winter comes with pinching toes, miscellaneous wisdom of which it is intended When in the garden bare and brown to be the vehicle. Two children, born at the You must lay your barrow down. “ Well now, and while the summer stays, same time, are changed by the mistake of a To profit by these garden days. nurse. One is heir to an English peerage, and O how much wiser you would be the other to the lot of a German village priest. To play at Indian wars with me.” The complications caused by this mistake and And what could be more delicious than these its final discovery are the subject matter of verses on “Foreign Children"? “Glenaveril.” As far as any leading idea is “ Little Indian, Sioux or Crow, inculcated by the tale, it is that of the persist- Little frosty Eskimo, ence of hereditary character, as the author Little Turk or Japanee, tells us in an early stanza which, if not exactly O! don't you wish that you were me? pilfered, would hardly have been written were “ You have seen the scarlet trees it not for one of similar purport by Goethe. You have eaten ostrich eggs, As verse, the work is very easily disposed of. No one would ever suspect that such a passage “ Such a life is very fine, as the following was intended for poetry: But it's not so nice as mine: “ The announcement of this project much de- You must often, as you trod, Have wearied not to be abroad. lighted that aged maiden. That the heir of “ You have curious things to eat, wide domains and ancient titles, uninvited, I am fed on proper meat; should come from his own country to abide in You must dwell beyond the foam, Stuttgard for his nephew's sake, excited and But I am safe and live at home. flattered greatly her plebeian pride." And yet " Little Indian, Sioux or Crow, Little frosty Eskimo, it is written in a rather complex and artificial Little Turk or Japanee, metrical form. There is nowhere in the por- O! don't you wish that you were me?" tion of the work thus far published any ap- Everything that Mr. Stevenson writes is a proach to poetry—not even to the poetry of surprise of some sort. Ile seems to have an “Lucille” and “The Wanderer.” Political inexhaustible fund of joyous invention upon caricature is made prominent in these earlier which to draw, and his style, whether it take cantos, and upon this the author evidently the form of verse or prose, is always delightful counts for his main effect. Speaking of Glad- in its chaste simplicity. stone he says: And the lions over seas; And turned the turtles off their legs. 1885.] 43 THE DIAL " The name Of a once glorious and magnanimous nation, To him entrusted, hath been bathed in blame, And made the by-word of humiliation Still to prolong his shameless shameful hour Of personally comfortable power. “ Loosed, o'er a land betrayed, hath treason been, To run, unreined, its sanguinary course; Victims the noblest, to appease obscene And senseless idols, slain without remorse; And all the while, with self-admiring mien, And throat with self-congratulation hoarse, Soaked in his country's blood, yet blushing never, He boasts, and bawls, and babbles on forever." There may be tastes to which such matter as this is pleasing, and, if such there indeed be, the Earl of Lytton must look to them for sympathy and admiration: readers of refined instincts will find in it little with which to sym- pathize and nothing to admire. Such a work as the foregoing makes less difficult and less abrupt the transition to “Romer, King of Norway, and Other Dramas," a book which hails from Sacramento, and which is composed by a person called Adair Welcker. Mrs. Julia Moore and Mr. J. Dunbar Hylton have now a worthy rival, and Michigan and New Jersey must look to their laurels lest California bear them away. In a preface, which is quite as interesting as any other portion of the contents, the writer very neatly disarms the critic, first, by saying that “ the hour is past when I could have been affected by the world's censure or its blame,” and then by informing him that these dramas, “ by a strange unanimity of opinion, have been pronounced to be of the same material as the writings of the greatest of dramatists." This preface, he further relates, “is written for the benefit of that large portion of mankind who are led by the nose in making their judgments; and for those who, upon reading this remark, will swear that they are not to be so led.” We should be very soon led, if not by the nose, at least by the ear, to a judgment concerning these compositions, were we to attend to metrical considerations or similar trifling tech- nicalities. But our writer insists upon being Shakesperean or nothing, so that he must be judged by his own standard. We soon find what is evidently intended to be a Shakesperean passage. It is in “The Bitter End,” the first piece in the volume, but which by its title should certainly be the last. A young woman is out at night in a snowstorm, and makes the following remarks: “ Howl! howl! howl! ye chilly winter winds! Tear off this poor, weak flesh of mine! And you, Cold, cruel winter, bring still your vast hordes on Of snowflakes, armed with a shield of white, That pierce me with their lance of chilliness." We do not know that even Shakespere would have ventured quite as far as this. And Mr. Welcker has pathos as well as metaphor at his command, for in the same piece we have this touching account of a child's death: “ A soothing sleep at last drove off his pain, And while he slept, all stood around his bed With anxious faces, waiting till he waked. And then he oped his eyes, and smiled on us, And asked that we would raise him up, and then He sang a hymn, and said good-bye, and died.” What a good little boy he must have been! One more extract will suffice, and this time we will take the writer in a lyric mood. The song occurs in the piece which gives a title to the volume. " The night came on, the wild wind roared, My sweet love went to sea; But the greedy sharks, they ate up him, And he never came back to me." “These works are placed in book form,” to recur to the preface, “in order that the people of a future age may have the opportunity to open their mouths with wonder, at the utterances of a very ordinary dead man." While we have no doubt that future ages will do all this if they ever come across “Romer, King of Norway,” our own age ought to be permitted to share in the wonderment while the utterances are still those of a very lively, and, in spite of his modesty, extraordinary man. We have ventured to introduce these works to the public in the hope that we may be numbered among “the few in this age who are too great for prejudice," for which few, the author informs us, the works have been written, We have had war poetry before, and in pro- fusion, but we do not often nowadays get a whole volume, or nearly a whole one, by the same writer. That, however, is what is offered us by Mrs. Kate Brownlee Sherwood in her collection of “Camp-Fire, Memorial-Day, and Other Poems.” These pieces are very largely occasional, and those which may be thus char- acterized are of decidedly better quality than the average of occasional verse. Others are spirited narratives of, for the most part, per- sonal incidents of the war; while a few, these being rather the best, are of a more general character. Here is at least no lack of patriotism, and there goes with it enough of fine feeling and power of expression to make the collection very creditable. The closing poem of all is a sort of retrospect, and of this the final stanzas may be given in illustration of the quality of the volume: “O comrades, hand in hand upon the headland heights of Maine- The State that never lost a flag, that never charged in vain- What see you on the Westward line? What see you at the South, Where June is wreathing roses within the cannon's mouth? What see you there at Gettysburg ? The brooding wings of love, The violets a-blowing the Blue and Gray above! Span mountain unto mountain, link vale to vale, and lo, It is the Arch of Peace we fashioned twenty years ago! “O nation great, State linked to State in bonds that none can break, From Ocean unto Ocean, from Gulf to Northern lake! 44 [June, THE DIAL State linked to State, fate linked to fate, in mart and mint and mine, In rolling plain of golden grain, in toss of plumy pine! State linked to State in goodly fate that sounds the swift advance, Where banners that have wooed the world before our legions dance! This is the dream that crowns our years; and when our heads are low, Float out, float on, o Union flag, as twenty years ago!" But better than these verses inspired by mar- tial themes are the few miscellaneous pieces which complete the volume. There is some- thing perfunctory in the best of the other work; but here, where a freer flight is taken, there is struck a truer lyric note. Such poems as “Marguerite,” “Wood Violets,"* and “What Do the Roses Say ?” are simply deli- cious. Here is a bit of one of them in illustra- tion: “ Violets, my violets, There was once a child that flew Through the depths of field and forest, Searching patiently for you; And that child who now so wearies Of the fairest thing that grows, Once grew wild with rapture finding But a single woodland rose.” The last of the three poems just mentioned we should like to quote in full did space per- mit. It is the gem of the volume. Certainly there are parts of this book which will pleas- antly surprise those who may have the patience to look through it a little carefully-something which cannot always be said of new books of verse by unknown writers. In “The Confessions of Hermes, and Other Poems,” by Paul Hermes, we have a collection of thoughtful and earnest verses written in a spirit which is worthy of all praise, whatever the shortcomings of the execution. There is a fine introduction, in which we may learn how serious is the purpose of the writer, and how lofty his conception of the poetic mission. “Should this volume reproduce," he says, “even faintly, the poet's profound sense of the mystery and pathos and earnestness of life, and his conviction-growing ever stronger —that the realization of Beauty and Happiness waits upon loyalty to Duty, he will feel justi- fied in having offered it to the world. But though he fail in this, his faith will still abide unshaken, that stronger and worthier lips will try to utter more distinctly the unutterable Truth. This striving for utterance is Poetry, for which, consciously or unconsciously, man- kind will listen whilst the earth remains." To the verse itself, very much is lacking. In the very first piece, which is supposed to be blank verse, we come upon such lines as these: “ Thoughts and things, into pet phrase condensed.” “Unrest and incompleteness unavowed he feels." “Who counts possession sacrilege.” And the construction of the entire work gives no indication that the author has any concep- tion of what blank verse is. Why is it that every beginner as a versifier promptly attempts the most difficult of all metrical forms-the only form which requires genius for its use, and in which talent counts for absolutely nothing? In some of the shorter and more lyric measures, the writer is happier, although his book contains nothing that is satisfying in any high sense, except the preface already quoted from. Were we to call special attention to anything, it would be to such pieces as those called “Fame” and “The Musician's Story.” . A new translation of the “ Chanson de Ro- land” is a welcome addition to the store of foreign literary masterpieces put into English. It is the work of Léonce Rabillon, French Lecturer at the Johns Hopkins University, and is both a scholarly and a spirited repro- duction of the great French epic. The text of the Oxford manuscript, according to Leon Gautier, has been followed in this translation, in which not only has the old orthography of proper names as well as their accents been preserved, but also much of the quality of the original poem. As that original is not the easiest reading even for the student of modern French, this version is a highly acceptable means of making the acquaintance of a noble work of human genius, and many who would doubtless leave the original unread will be led to peruse the present translation. It consists of some four thousand lines of blank verse, and is contained in a small volume of about two hundred pages. We learn from the preface that this is the twenty-first translation thus far made, including those into modern French, of this famous epic. We will conclude our article with mention of two publications which, although not new as to material, will be welcomed by all lovers of poetry. The first of these is a reissue, in cheaper form than before, of Mrs. Preston's translation of “Mirèio"; and it is to be hoped that the beautiful Provençal poem will find, in this delightful version and convenient shape, a host of new readers. Perhaps the recent performances of Gounod's “Mirella” in this country will have made many desirous of knowing the poem upon which that exquisite composition is based ; and if so, the desire is one which may now be easily gratified. The other publication of the two to which reference has above been made is, in a sense, an original work, and as such may be given a more ex- tended notice. It is a selection from the poems of Michelangelo, the original text on one page being faced by what, in the judg- ment of the editor, is the best of its English translations. It is not alone the beginner in Italian who may be aided by such a work as this, for Michelangelo is very hard reading. There is probably no other modern language in which the poetry is so much more difficult than the prosé as it is in Italian; and among 1885.] 45 THE DIAL - -- - - - - - - Italian poets, Michelangelo does not yield in RUSSIA.—TZAR AND NIHILIST.* difficulty to Petrarca or even Dante, so that a great deal of puzzling may be saved by having The two new books on Russia, whose titles an English translation to refer to. The work are given below, claim to proceed from a is edited by Mrs. Ednah D. Cheney, and it has special knowledge of the subject, and to sup- evidently been to her a labor of love. The ply information never before given to the non- text is the recent one of Guasti, which has Russian public. Both books are timely, but many surprises in store for those familiar with their value is far from equal. the garbled and perverted text which was Stepniak (“son of the steppes”) is a pseu- the only one current up to the appearance of donym. Two years ago, the same writer's Guasti's edition. That imperfect text we owe “ Underground Russia” was described as “a to a grand-nephew of the artist who “thought voice out of darkness." Darkness still shrouds his duty required him to make the poems ac his mysterious personality. Further than ceptable to a newer and enlightened age.” He | that he is a proscribed Russian journalist, once “restored” them, in fact, “filling up gaps in editor of the revolutionary Žemlia i Volia the verses, adding others, softening harsh ex- (“ Land and Liberty”), and now dates a pre- pressions, and omitting many strong peculiar face to his American readers from London, ities." All the earlier English translators- | nothing seems to be known of him except Wordsworth, Harford, and Taylor—had only through his books. The present volume is an the garbled text to work with, and so in this endeavor to show how Russia came to be what volume their versions as set opposite the real she now is under the Tzars, what her present text of the orginals present more discrepancies condition really is, and what may be expected. than are to be attributed to the license of trans It is divided into three parts, with about ten lation alone. To take a familiar example, one chapters in each. Stepniak begins by remark- of the best known of all the sonnets is that ing on the common assumption that the rise which begins in Wordsworth’s translation: and firm establishment of the Russian autoc- “Rapt above earth by power of one fair face,” racy is a proof of extreme servility in the and in still another familiar translation- masses of the people; he admits that the “The might of one fair face sublimes my love." external facts confirm this belief: “The tillers Most readers of Italian know it as beginning of the soil, who form the bulk of the Russian thus: mation, still profess devotion to an ideal Tzar.” “ La forza d'un bel volto al ciel mi sprona,” But Stepniak holds that the essential reality is but in this new and more accurate text we the reverse of this: find: “La forza d'un bel viso a che mi sprona?" "On the contrary, all their habits and tendencies, as revealed in their history, show them to possess a -quite a difference; and we find, moreover, decided bent for freedom and strong aptitudes for. that the sonnet is really but a fragment, only self-government, wherein the vast majority of the the octave being genuine, so that the last six nation are trained from childhood, and which, when- lines in the English versions really represent ever they have the opportunity, Russian people nothing that Michelangelo ever wrote. In this spontaneously practise. If the peasants were left book are given forty of the sonnets, about to themselves, and free to realize their strange half as many madrigals, and a few other ideals, they would tell the White Tzar to remain on the throne, but they would send to the right about, poems, such as the familiar verses on the and probably massacre, every governor, policeman, figure of Night in the chapel of San Lorenzo, and tchinocnik in the land, and set up a series of and some of the epitaphs written for Cecchino democratic republics." Bracci. The translations are mostly furnished by llarford, Taylor, and Symonds; the names | Here comes into view the great and puzzling of Wordsworth, Southey and Hazlitt appear anomaly of the Russian system of government occasionally in the list, and there are quite a -a despotism more rigid than civilization number of new translations, of which not the elsewhere knows, resting on a basis of local least noticeable are those by the editor herself, self-government more primitive even than the who attacks some of the most difficult pieces Swiss cantons, and almost as absolute. This is of all—the two mighty sonnets upon Dante, the mir, or village community, made so fami- for example. But what can one of alien speech liar to the Western world by the researches of hope to do with such glorious poetry as the recent years in the field of institutional history. “Dal ciel discese,” or the “Quante dirne si de' Stepniak's sketch of this Slav town-meeting, non si può dire,” with which the four-souled and of the now extinct vetche, or provincial genius of Christian art gives greeting across assembly, has the vivid reality of personal the lapse of centuries to the one spirit found in all past Christian ages coëqual with his *RUSSIA UNDER TILE TZARS. By Stepuiak, author of own? And the old lesson of the impossibility “Underground Russia.” Rendered into English by Will. iam Westall. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. of poetical translation is again enforced. THE RUSSIAN REVOLT. By Edmund Noble. Boston: WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. | Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 46 [June, THE DIAL --- -- - - knowledge. One point is highly suggestive. not afford to be scrupulous. * * * For never In the mir, says Stepniak, “Voting is un- yet has it happened for an officer of police to be known. Every question must be settled unan- punished for making a search on insufficient grounds. imously ;” and his view seems to be that this I doubt if for this cause a reprimand has ever been given, and it is quite certain that the men who have is a higher conception of government than the fewest scruples are the most rapidly advanced.” decision by a majority. Surely it is not, but rather a cause of the unprogressive and sta- The details of this internecine conflict are tionary character of mir legislation. The thoroughly explored. There are passages of Iroquois confederacy had the same fatal de- genuine eloquence, which make themselves felt fect. A high state of civilization may guard even through the rather wooden translation the rights of minorities; but civilization comes, and in spite of reckless typography. The and grows, through the will of the majority. reader is the more impressed because of the Progress is never unanimous. judicial calm and restraint everywhere felt. The recognition of this fundamental anom- Stepniak's protest against wrong never degen- aly, an utter chasm long existing between the erates into a shriek. He never scolds; and two elements of the Russian empire-rudi- rarely pauses to lament, even at the recollec- mentary republics on the one hand and bureau- tion of “that ocean of sadness which Russia cratic despotism on the other-is the key-note now presents to us.” Told in this way, the of the book. By what means Tzarism has story has wonderful power, and may well real- superimposed itself upon the mir, and grown ize the hope of the writer that it will “con- into autocracy, the two remaining completely tribute its part in inducing the public opinion alien, we are shown in several graphic chapters: of the great American nation to unite its powerful voice in favor of Russian liberty, and “This contrast, so palpable and portentous, hav- in condemnation of the Tzarism.” ing endured for centuries, has produced, as its inevitable consequence, a phenomenon of great As in his former book, Stepniak makes three importance—that strongly marked tendency of the periods of Nihilism, viz., Nihilism proper, Russian people to hold themselves aloof from the 1860–70; the Revolutionary movement, 1870–8; State, which is one of their most significant charac and from 1878 onwards, the Terrorist period, teristics. On the one hand, the peasant saw before of the dagger, mines, and dynamite. His per- him his mir, the embodiment of justice and broth- sonal sympathies appear to be with the ideas erly love; on the other, official Russia, represented of the second period. He commemorates its by the tchinooniks of the Tzar, his magistrates, martyrs with tender reverence. He calls gendarmes, and administrators--through all the centuries of our history the embodiment of rapacity, them- venality, and violence. * * * * * “The peaceful workers of the early dawn, the From the very dawn of our national history the flower of the noble generation of 1870, the first that Russian peasant has shunned intercourse with the was bred and grew up in a Russia free from the Russia of the tchinorniks. The two have never stain of slavery ; a generation which from the sor- mingled, a fact which explains why the political rowful past, pusillanimous and decrepit, inherited evolutions of ages have made so little impression on but a great yearning and pity for a suffering people, the habits of our toiling millions. It is no exagger oppressed during centuries, and which brought to ation to say that the lives of the bulk of the nation the fatherland an amount of eager devotion, a beau- and of its upper classes have flowed in two contig tiful ardor, unmatched probably in any other age uous yet separate and distinct streams. * * * or country." But what is, then, their monarchism, their devotion to the Tzar, of which so much is said ? The mon- And again, speaking of a “destroyed gen- archism of Russian peasants is a conception which eration": has exclusive reference to the State in its entirety, “The despotism of Nicolas crushed full-grown the whole body politic." men. The despotism of the two Alexanders did not The result of this view of things is that Step- give them time to grow up. They threw themselves on immature generations, on the grass hardly out of niak presents the struggle in Russia as a state of the ground, to devour it in all its tenderness. warfare—the Government against the Nation, * * * * * The new generation This at once explains all the frightful phases produces nothing, absolutely nothing. Despotism of police espionage and cruelty which fill the has stricken with sterility the high hopes to which middle of the book: the splendid awakening of the first half of the cen- tury gave birth. * * * The living “Russia is in a condition of internal warfare, and forces of later generations have been buried by the the police, being the right arm of one of the bellig Government in Siberian snows and Esquimaux vil- erent parties, does not protect, it fights. Wherever lages. * * * It is not a political party the enemy is they must be ready to attack him; any whom they crush, it is a nation of a hundred million place where he is supposed to be they must beset. | whom they stitle. This is what is done in Russia An officer of police who hesitates to make a search under the Tzars ; this is the price at which the without sufficient cause, or an arrest without a war Government buys its miserable existence.” rant, would be looked upon as not worth his salt, an idler who wanted to receive fat pay without giving Siberian exile is not the worst fate that anything in return. A member of the force who de threatens the Russian liberator. Stepniak de- sires to win promotion or even to keep his place can- / scribes how, after trial and sentence, the pris- 1885.] 47 THE DIAL - - - - oner's kinsfolk and friends “move heaven and “Is no longer a question of humanity only, but of earth to obtain for him the unspeakable favor general safety and common interest. However badly administered, however ruined, it is too enor- of being sent to Siberia,” rather than to the mous a body not to endanger by its presence other awful dens of the Central Prison at Novo political bodies which surround. * Belgorod; the absolute hopelessness of the To have such a State for a neighbor is nearly as un- Schlüsselburg, where impenetrable secrecy, pleasant as to sit by an unfettered madman at an entrenched on a sea-girt rock, will swallow evening party. Nobody can answer for what he will him up forever; or, foulest fate of all, the do the very next moment. Now, when I am writing, loathsome living death that awaits the poor an absurd, useless, bloody Afghan war is perhaps at victim in the Troubetzkoi Ravelin of the hand. No Russian parliament would have answered the proposition otherwise than with laughter. It is Fortress of Peter and Paul, with its sunless a well-known device of despots to get rid of a burn- cells under the level of the Neva, where two or ing internal question. If it pass over now, who three years rarely fail to bring the strongest to may answer for to-morrow, when the need of such death or madness. a diversion may be more stringent, or the ambition of And the most dreadful instrument of the some bloodthirsty soldiers more prevailing? Only the autocracy is not its police and its tribunals, destruction of Russian autocracy will keep Russia in utterly perverted from their ostensible function certainty of peace, and yet rid Europe from the ex- ternal danger. It is Administra- of protection as these are. That is a consideration on which it is superfluous to insist.”. tive Exile, to which a third of the book is given. The theory of the process is tersely Altogether, this is a notable book, strong summed up in one of the chapter headings: in the freshness and fulness of its information, “Innocent, therefore punished.” It is a pro- its exact and vivid portraiture, and its thought- cess of seizing any person who has been ac- ful interpretation of phenomena. There will quitted, or against whom it is impossible for be many books on Russia before it is super- even the police to find enough evidence to seded. warrant a trial, and disposing of that person With Mr. Noble's book the case is quite dif- in whatever way the officials choose, in the ex- ferent. It announces itself as giving “the ercise of “administrative discretion.” A few origin and history of the chronic Russian re- figures will indicate the use made of this power. volt, known as Nihilism,” and the claim is In the two reigns of Alexander II. and III., to made for it that “There is no other book the end of 1884--thirty years in all-there in any language which contains the historical have been 841 sentences by a tribunal for information” contained in it. But as the political offences, a sentence, however, often reader turns page after page without coming including several persons. But in two years of on any trace of “the revolt,” the suspicion the late Tzar's reign, 2,602 were exiled by ad- forces itself upon him that the book is named ministrative decree, sometimes never knowing on the lucus a non lucendo principle. Not the reason of their fate ; and since 1879 the | till one has got through eight of the fourteen chapters does he meet the first allusion to “the number has rapidly increased, so that in the first half of 1883 more than 8,000 such arrests | revolt;" and two chapters more intervene be- are known to have been made, almost invaria- fore Nihilism comes into view at last. bly followed by exile or imprisonment. It may be asked, What is the author about What has Stepniak to say of the future of in these first ten chapters, two-thirds of his his “unhappy Russia”? His last chapter, book? At first, one hardly sees the drift, and “Russia and Europe," deals suggestively with is reminded chiefly of Holmes's Katydid,—the this question. He thinks the revolt is now author “says an undisputed thing in such a passing out of the Terrorist into the “insur- solemn way,”—he deduces his commonplace rectional phase.” But his hope of a success- conclusions from such distant and fanciful an- ful revolution is small : tecedents. But as the reader turns over the pages, a familiar presence seems to haunt him ; “No country had ever to sustain so hard a strug the feeling grows that he has had experience gle for its political liberty as Russia of to-day. of this stuff before; pretty soon it bursts upon * * The worst is, that in other countries him,-Climate, Soil, Food, and the Aspects of the struggle for liberty was over some time ago, when civilization had not yet put at the disposition Nature! It is Buckleism in all its crudity, of Government those material advantages of per- before us again as fresh and confident as if it fected weapons and surprisingly quick communica had not been decently buried these fifteen tions-advantages which are all in favor of the years. Here is a specimen: Government and which would have rendered utterly “In another way, too, does hill life help the con- impossible or fruitless many a brilliant insurrection, servation of superstitious terrors. It separates people many a splendid campaign of the heroes of liberty.” instead of bringing them together. It weakens a His hope is based largely on the force of community's sense of numbers, its feeling of near- ness, its consciousness of solidarity and strength. public opinion—not the public opinion of This is, no doubt, why civilization made so much and Russia, but of the world alongside of Russia. such rapid progress in Europe, which of all the quarters For Europe, he argues, the state of Russia l of the world has the lowest mean altitude.” 48 THE DIAL [June, -- - - -- Buckle at his wildest scarcely equalled that A NEW MANUAL OF ENGLISH LITERA- last sentence. And there is philosophizing TURE.* even profounder than this—as where the author When a new manual of English literature is explains the alleged absence of beauty among announced, we surely have a right to expect the women of Russia by the consideration that that, in justification of its existence, it shall “for centuries the race has been looking out present not only external excellences of typog- over wide, formless plains. Nature gave it no raphy, but shall give evidence of an intimate ideals of beauty.” There are one hundred and personal acquaintance with the ground with sixty pages of this sort, making in reality a which it deals, and a capacity for furnishing crude essay in political philosophy after the others with instruction and guidance. We manner of Buckle without Buckle's historic have no need of mere schoolmaster manuals, or insight, but with the faintest apparent con- of books that represent second-hand knowl- nection with the “origin and history of Rus- edge. But we do need more works that are sian Nihilism.” There is more new informa- the results of the life-long personal experience tion and more sound philosophy in any one of of strong, well-balanced, and spiritual minds, Stepniak's introductory chapters than in all in the noble fields of English literature. To pro- these ten. It is difficult to understand how duce such a work is a task worthy of a master the author, with the accumulations of “ten hand, and is not adapted to the hand of an years' study,” can suppose either his facts or apprentice. This holds true not only of works his reasonings, in this part of his book, to have of the more extensive sort, but quite as much the slightest novelty, or the least value as con- of smaller manuals that are designed to be the tributions to the comprehension of Tzarism interpreters of these great subjects to persons and Nihilism. What is good is commonplace, that are making the acquaintance of them for and what is new is irrelevant. There is a the first time. strange obliviousness—one does not like to say The author of the present work has aimed to ignorance-on some of the most important make a book that should serve the three-fold points. Mr. Noble discusses the democratic end of school manual, guide to the general institutions of Russia like a man totally una- reader, and book of reference. She divides ware of the results of comparative research, English literature into ten periods, which are and unacquainted with such names as Maine named as follows: The Anglo-Saxon Age, the and Freeman. He eulogizes the mir and Age of Chaucer, the Dark Age, the Eliza- vetche in language appropriate to institutions bethan Age, the Puritan Age, the Age of Dry- unique and unparalleled; and he actually de- den and the Restoration, the Classical Age of clares, evidently with reference mainly to Pope, Addison and Swift, the Johnsonian Age, these features, that “The Slav system differed the Age of Revolution, the Victorian Age. from all other European methods of govern- Each of these ages is first dealt with at large; ment.” He spends much space in describing its principal characteristics are given, together the low state of woman in old Russia, as if it with the great movements or tendencies in the were in some way characteristic of that coun- literature and history of the time, and a brief try and not common to all communities in a comment on the leading writers and their certain stage of development. works, followed by a summary of the main But when all this is disposed of, it is true features of the contemporary literatures of that in the last four chapters Mr. Noble has France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and America. something to say of “the revolt." Here are Then from among the writers of the period some facts not commonly known outside of the author selects one or more whom she re- cyclopædias, and some good remarks on the gards as representative of the spirit of their attitude of the government. They are not time, and each of these writers she treats at con- particularly novel, to be sure, and the author is siderable length. The remaining writers are apt to bring in his Climate, Soil, Food, and the dealt with in a few words. Thus, Dr. Johnson, Aspects of Nature, here also in the most unex- who is one of the two writers chosen to rep- pected way; as when he derives the “mental | resent the literature of the latter part of the irritation ” of the Russian capital from its eighteenth century, occupies sixty pages, while “luminous summer midnights." One salient Fielding is dismissed with thirteen lines. The and valuable reflection occurs just at the last : author's selection of representative writers is that the hope of Russia is federalism, a vol- in some cases open to question. There is a untary federation of the reconstructed Slav noticeable preference for poets over prose republics which were destroyed in the building writers. Out of the eighteen writers chosen of the Tzardom. In view of these last few to represent the several periods, thirteen are pages, one wishes that Mr. Noble had thrown away bis first ten or twelve chapters, following *A POPULAR MANUAL OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. Con- Sydney Smith's advice to young writers, and had really written on the Russian Revolt. historical scientific, and art notes. By Maud Gillette Phillips. In two volumes. New York: Harper Brothers. taining Outlines of the Literatures of France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United States of America. With EELER. - - 1885.] THE DIAL 49 - - - - - --- distinctively poets, and of the five remaining, dence increased: “Browning's magnum opus four-Addison, Swift, Goldsmith, and Scott is • The Ring and the Book,' a series of twelve are almost as much poets as prose writers. It psychological sketches, of which those of . Fra certainly is singular that the authors chosen to Lippo Lippi' and `Andrea del Sarto’ have represent the Victorian age-an age whose been pronounced the finest.” After this, we tendencies are confessedly hostile to the poetic | should be prepared to read a statement that spirit, and which expresses itself most charac- “ Tennyson's magnum opus is • The Idylls of teristically in prose-should be Tennyson and the King,' a series of twelve ästhetic sketches, Elizabeth Barrett Browning. To Thackeray of which those of Maud' and The Princess' and Dickens together are assigned less than a have been pronounced the finest.”. page; George Eliot, Ruskin, Carlyle, and Mac- EDWARD TYLER. aulay, each have about a page; while to Mrs. Browning is assigned forty-five pages, and “ Aurora Leigh” is analyzed with as elaborate BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. and loving care as is “Paradise Lost.” The lecture foundation laid by the Rev. John Perhaps the most noticeable feature of the Bampton, of England, a hundred and thirty-four book is the plan of inserting copious extracts years ago, has yielded many valuable contributions from the great critical writers of Europe and to Christian literature; bringing out, almost every America; and these are, on the whole, well year, a series of eight lectures from some eminent chosen. The work thus has largely the nature theologian or preacher, bearing on the defense of of a compilation ; for the part written by Mrs. Christianity or the setting forth of its doctrines. The series for 1883, after a considerable delay in Phillips is confined to those portions (by far publication, appears from the press of E. & J. B. the smaller part of the book) that refer to the Young & Co., New York. This series, delivered by general characteristics of each age in England W. H. Freemantle, M.A., Canon of Canterbury, is and foreign nations, and to slight connecting entitled “The World as the Subject of Redemp- passages inserted here and there to piece to tion, being an attempt to set forth the functions of gether the portions quoted. The remainder the Church as designed to embrace the whole race of the book-the portion dealing with the lives of mankind.” The lines of thought presented are of the various representative authors and their unlike those common in previous lectures of the series. The author thinks the best apology for works—is made up of comments from critical Christianity is a clear conception of the design of and biographical writers, from Addison to the Christian Church, not to save individuals out of Matthew Arnold. The extracts vary in length, the world, but to save the world itself. Hence from a few lines to several pages; and range “the Church is presented as the Social State in in nature from descriptions of Milton's por which the Spirit of Christ reigns; as embracing the traits, by Clarence Cook, to the subtle criti- general life and society of man, and identifying cisms of Coleridge and De Quincey. itself with these as much as possible; as having for its object to imbue all human relations with the Mrs. Phillips's work appears to be the result spirit of Christ's self-renouncing love, and thus to of an attempt to realize an object that is unat- change the world into a kingdom of God.” In the tainable, or if attainable, undesirable. Her last two lectures the subject is brought to a practical idea seems to be that it is possible to combine bearing by a particular notice of “the seven circles to advantage in one work some account of the of human life " which may be said to be included history, literature, art, and science of six of the in the Church and culminate in “the Universal greatest nations of modern times. But of Humanity” as the eighth. They are: The organi- what significance is it, in connection with an zation for public worship, not itself the Church; family life as naturally Christian; the associations account of the publication of “Romola” in for the pursuit of knowledge, as in their true nature 1863, that we should be informed in the mar- religious; art as a religious pursuit; social inter- gin that there was a terrible famine in Ireland course as ministering to mutual knowledge, interest, in 1846–47? or in connection with some re affection, and discipline, and so affecting the nation marks upon Ruskin's “Stones of Venice” to and the world; trade and professional life, as minis- read in the margin that “the dramatic stars of tering to the universal needs of men and drawing the age have been Miss O'Neill, styled the them together; the nation under a true ruler as a minister of God, the highest and most complete last of the famous actresses,’ Charles Kemble, form of the Church. The universal Church, yet and Henry Irving”? unorganized, is to be realized by the application of When one turns from the passages that are Christian principles to the life of men in all these quoted from other writers, to the portions that circles. Few persons will accept all that is thus proceed from the pen of Mrs. Phillips herself, presented. To some, the leading idea will seem one is not impressed with the qualifications of Utopian. Many will emphatically dissent from the the author to deal with the subject she has un- organized identification of Church and State, which dertaken; and frequently feels, particularly in seems more or less implied all through the discus- sion. Yet philanthropists and Christians will be the earlier periods, that she is relying on interested in studying this proposed solution of the second-hand information. And after reading problem of the world's redemption by bringing all the following remarkable sentence (vol. ii., the actions and relations of human life into a sphere p. 417), we are not disposed to feel our confi- | pervaded by the Christian principles of righteous- 50 [June, THE DIAL ness and love. These discourses present many able and why they are so. He describes the chem- striking and inspiring thoughts, expressed in the ical processes and physiological tests by which the purest English. conclusions laid down by him here have been reached, and in language so plain that the unlearned The Peace Society would find a powerful agent have no difficulty in comprehending him. Mr. for the dissemination of its principles in the work of Williams declares that the full nutrition of the hu- Mr. James A. Farraron Military Manners and | man body can be more profitably obtained from Customs“ (Holt). There is no intimation in its pages vegetable than from animal food, provided it be that it was written for the prime purpose of advocat- rightly cooked. He denounces very emphatically ing the abrogation of warfare in the civilized world, the waste of fuel which goes on in most kitchens in but its disclosure of the cruel and criminal nature of maintaining too high a degree of heat, to the conse- the military practices which have prevailed during all quent injury of food by over-cooking it. He shows time, fill the reader with horror that a resort to how meat may be thoroughly cooked, or, as is com- arms in case of differences among Christian nations monly said, boiled, and its valuable juices retained, is still sanctioned in our so-called enlightened cen while the water in which it is immersed never rises tury. We are accustomed to suppose that the system above 180 degrees, or 32 degrees below the boiling of warfare maintained at the present day is more point. In the course of his explanations, he teaches mild and merciful than in barbarous ages; but Mr. the true method of boiling eggs, broiling a steak, Farrar wakes us from this delusion by a rehearsal of baking and frying and boiling meats, and of cook- circumstances which have characterized the latest ing vegetables and other staple articles of food. encounters of armed hosts in modern battles, and of Yet it is always in the character of a chemist, never the manner of conducting military campaigns now in that of a cook, that he conveys instruction. It is, upheld by commanders in the field. It seems un- as he carefully distinguishes, the technology of the deniable that Christians make war upon cach subject, not the technicality of it, which he treats. other with the same ferocity as did their pagan and His object is to demonstrate through scientific ex- savage ancestors. Pointed bullets, explosive mis- periments the values of different foods, in the raw siles, hot shot, and Andersonville prisons, occasion state and after the needful transformation that fits as much slaughter and suffering nowadays as has them for the human stomach. While accomplish- been witnessed in any earlier periods. The con- ing this purpose he performs an equally important dition of the common soldier is likewise as degraded service, by proving that the most nutritious and and as oppressed as it has ever been. It is that of easily digested foods are the cheapest. Cheese, he a slave subject to a despot, his existence robbed of says, for instance, contains more nutritive material all that makes it enjoyable, and his fate to make than any other kind of food ordinarily obtainable, food for gunpowder. These and other reflections of and when cooked in the various ways prescribed by a similarly vivid quality press upon the mind in the him, is a most wholesome and economical article of perusal of Mr. Farrar's book, which ably and can- diet. Rumford's soup, again, the recipe for which didly reviews the conduct of military affairs among is given, is more nourishing than the best beef, and ancient and modern peoples. It is a structure of furnishes a hearty meal at a cost of one or two cents facts skilfully grouped, and impressive in effect. It per person. A treatise embodying valuable and is an appalling chapter in the story of the human practical facts like these cannot be too highly com- race, and the saddest part of it is that Christianity mended. It ought to be in the hands of every has done so little to soften its terrible features. Mr. housekeeper, and every man, woman and child Farrar calls attention to the neutral attitude of the should be made familiar with its teachings, which modern church with respect to the matter, re- bear so directly on questions connected with their marking that whatever attempt has been made to health and happiness. further the cause of peace or mitigate the cruelties of military customs has come from the school of TREATISES on domestic economy are almost num- thought which the church most opposes and reviles. berless, yet Mrs. S. D. Power has proved that there The moral and historical value of the treatise are about evenly balanced. Its appeal to the sense of is room for one more, by the admirable work she has produced under the title of “Anna Maria's right and of humanity is as wholesome as its store of widely gleaned and well arranged statements is Housekeeping" (D. Lothrop & Co.) It is written instructive. from the experience of a skilled housewife, who aims to do whatever is to be done, not only deftly, MR. MATTHEW WILLIAMS's work on “The Chem but with the least cost in money, time, and strength. istry of Cooking" (Appleton) goes to the root of a The most valuable feature of her book is its instruc- subject which is attaining a deserved prominence. tion in processes which simplify the performance of What kinds of food are the most healthful and the varied duties which fall within a woman's prov- nourishing, how they shall best be prepared, when ince. Its hints and directions in this line are really most suitably taken, are inquiries which vitally con marvels of cleverness and contrivance, illustrating cern everyone. Many thoughtful women are occu the truth of the author's statement that "it takes pying themselves with the matter, mainly from the genius to be a first-rate housekeeper,” Mrs. Power technical points of view, beginning, as is natural, has genius of the practical executive sort, as every with the mechanical part of cooking, endeavoring to one who reads her book will acknowledge. It is a bring this up to a higher standard of efficiency and veritable boon to young women, and a benefit to economy. They are considering the hygienic side those of her own years; for every efficient worker of the subject, too, striving to introduce into com in any kind of science has some peculiar arts or mon use in the cuisine materials and methods which methods, gained by accident or experiment, which are most wholesome and simple. Mr. Williams are new to another. Mrs. Power, with keen appre- comes to their aid with a dissertation on the tech ciation of this fact, remarks: “I never let any mortal, nology or science of cookery, demonstrating in the old or young, great or undersized, go out of my clearest manuer what forms of food are prefer- | house without telling me at least one thing I didn't 1885.] THE DIAL 51 = - = -- --- - ---- - ---- - - --- --- ----- -------------- ---- know before.” One as eager as this for information (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.), is conceived in a charm- must in time have a store to impart, as Mrs. Power ing spirit which captivates not only the lover of assuredly has. It is unnecessary to say more to good horses and good horsemanship, but every feminine readers than that Mrs. Power is the author reader of gentle tastes. It is written in a frank, of the “Ugly Girl Papers." refined and genial style, that is peculiarly ingratiat- ing; while underlying this is a thorough knowledge Mrs. MARY F. HENDERSON is to be ranked among of the subject treated. The book is named from successful American authors. Her book on “Prac the favorite riding-horses of the author and of his tical Cooking and Dinner-Giving" stands probably young friend Tom-a frequent companion in his at the head of works of its kind produced in this daily excursions and the direct recipient of much of country, and the royalty it brings her annually his instruction. Like one talking to an intimate amounts to a handsome income. Any succeeding and sympathetic friend, Colonel Dodge dilates upon enterprise of a like nature undertaken by her may the numberless points involved in skilled riding, naturally be expected to possess the same elements along the road, after hounds, in the steeple-chase, of popularity; for one who brings talent, training, in every form and style of finished equestrianism. ambition and industry to the performance of a con He speaks with invariable modesty, but as one genial task may be relied upon for a satisfactory having years of constant practice in riding in the conclusion. Mrs. Henderson's manual treating of best schools in various countries, and following the the proper “Diet for the Sick” (Harper) is as faith pursuit with none of the instincts of the jockey, but ful and useful a treatise as we had a right to antici with the predilections of a gentleman. His horse is pate. It is the fruit of study and experience. The only less dear to him than his nearest human friend, writer has gathered the counsels of the ablest phy and the high-mettled, intelligent, well-trained sicians and men of science with regard to the values animal deserves his affection and confidence. A of foods and their application to special conditions series of instantaneous photographs of the horse in of health and disease, and reproduced them in her motion add largely to the interest of the volume, own terse and pithy style. Such theoretical knowl while the remarks of the author upon the compara- edge she has supplemented by a full list of recipes tive truth of photographic and artistic representa- for the preparation of food and drinks for the sick | tions of the animal under motion are worthy of and convalescent; and thus she has constructed a special notice. hand-book filled with hints and directions of value alike to the sick and the well. Its suggestions upon The series of “Classics for Children," issuing the prevention of disease and the preservation of vigor from the press of Ginn, Heath & Co., merits hearty to an advanced age, though brief, are worth quite as praise. The books are intended for use in schools much as its prescriptions for the diet of the feeble in the daily reading exercise, and consist of stand- and the invalid. ard works adapted to the taste and the needs of the young. Scott's “Lady of the Lake," "Tales from · GENERAL THEO. F. RODENBOUGH, U. S. A., has Shakespere" by Charles and Mary Lamb, “Robinson prepared a small volume on Afghanistan (Putnam) Crusoe,” “Swiss Family Robinson,” and Kingsley's which conveys an intelligent idea of affairs at the “Water Babies," are already published. For the present moment in the region of Central Asia end designed, no exception can be taken to the which is liable to be the theatre of a desperate con- selection of works like these, which have charmed flict between England and Russia. The book has every generation since their appearance, and will been prepared with rapidity, to answer the demand continue to do so. The books are edited by of the hour; yet a large list of authorities have been careful and capable hands, which condense, correct, consulted in its construction, and a mass of perti- and explain the text as appears desirable to ren- nent and interesting details accumulated. It de- der it in every respect clear, pure, and inviting to scribes the physical features of Afghanistan and the youthful minds. The advantages of such reading situation of its principal cities and fortified places, books over those which have had possession of our adding some account of the characteristic traits of schools, scarcely require enumerating. They turn its inhabitants. It sketches very briefly the advance a usually irksome and meaningless lesson into a of Russia in its conquest of Central Asia, from the keen pleasure and a source of manifold instruction. middle of the sixteenth century to the present date, The masterpieces of literature which a child peruses and, with greater fulness, the facilities now at her under the guidance of a teacher are never forgotten. command for a continued and hostile progress They are lasting and precious acquisitions in them- toward India. Also, it furnishes an account of the selves, and they excite a taste for a similar order of means which England can control for the defence of reading which is of inestimable importance. These her Asiatic possessions from the menaces of a pow- volumes are published in a neat and cheap form, erful foe. The author abstains from the expression and in most instances are accompanied with illus- of opinions regarding the purpose of Russia trations. throughout the conduct of her Asiatic policy, and in MR. Silas FARMER, of Detroit, has prepared and his entire narrative maintains an impersonal atti published, in a handsome large octavo volume of tude. His object has been to give a glance at the over a thousand pages, a “History of Detroit and scene and conditions involved in the impending Michigan." The work is a rich repository of facts struggle, rather than a history of the events leading and incidents pertaining to the development of a up to it or a criticism of the motives influencing thriving commonwealth and its capital city. It has the two great nations whose provinces in the Orient been accumulated at the expense of years of enthu- are separated only by a strip of barbarous territory siastic and diligent research. Its parallel in the inhabited by savage tribes. amount of material presented, and in the fulness and minuteness of its detail, has seldom if ever been COL. THEODORE A, DODGE's essay on the eques-, produced in a merely local memoir. The contribu- trian art, entitled “Patroclus and Penelope” | tion it makes to the general history of the United 52 [June, THE DIAL -- - States is quite considerable, and therefore its inter township was set aside for schools, and one town- est is not restricted to the limits of the scene in ship in each land district for a seminary. Other which the narrative centres. It startles one at first gifts of swamp land for the benefit of education were to read that Detroit was founded before St. Peters made to each of the Western States; and if these burg was built by Peter the Great; but we remem donations had been judiciously managed they would ber that it is one of the oldest cities in America, its have produced enormous educational benefits for annals beginning with the explorations of Sieur de each of the States instead of the meagre ones saved Champlain, and covering the entire period of the life from the wrecks of bad legislation and mismanage- of our nation. The events which have shaped its ment. Mr. Knight gives in detail the improvident existence are written out with extreme particular.ty and disgraceful record of each State in frittering by Mr. Farmer, and are illustrated by hundreds of away its school lands. Ohio, as it began first, did engravings, many of which, reproducing old maps the worst in this miserable business. In most of the and wood-cuts, possess not a little historical value. States the educational funds which were saved were The publishers of the work are Silas Farmer & Co., borrowed to pay the ordinary expenses of the gov- Detroit. ernment and with no intention of returning them. The paper on “Assyriology," read by Professor The entire support of the schools in those States is Francis Brown before the Faculty of Union Theo- raised by taxation, and the school funds are purely logical Seminary in September, 1884, is worthy of ideal, being only a moral obligation on the people the wider publicity it will be able to attain in its to pay an annual tax forever equal to the printed form (Scribner). It is a vigorous essay, interest of the money which has been seques- replete with learning and pervaded with a noble and tered from its legitimate use and spent years ago. resolute candor. Its subject is the use and abuse of In the newer States of Nebraska, Minnesota, and Assyriology in its application to the study of the Old Texas, the school lands have been protected by Testament, and its whole line of argument is in sup- judicious legislation. In Texas the educational port of a fearless acceptance of whatever historical funds can be invested only in bonds of the United facts science may derive from the body of cuneiform States or the State of Texas ; and in Nebraska inscriptions it has unearthed. The author is stanch only in United States bonds, or county bonds of in the faith in the divine origin of the Bible, and Nebraska. The paper of Mr. Knight shows much thinks that no truths to be disclosed by Assyriology aptitude in the writer for the treatment of a histori- are likely to undermine that belief. Thus far they cal subject. His research has been exhaustive, and have merely confirmed it, assisting the exegetist to his style is simple, clear, and concise. Some older a clearer comprehension of the chosen people to historical writers would do well to take Mr. Knight's whom the revelation of the one pure system of paper as a model of method and treatment. monotheism was made, and to a more correct esti- mate of the value of different texts and books MARY TREAT'S “ Home Studies in Nature" (Har- comprised in the Hebrew Scriptures. But while per) is a delightful little book. It has all the inter- demanding a firmer courage in meeting the results est of the most popular" science for the general of investigations in Assyriology, the author requires reader, but is deserving of a higher sort of charac- that more care and patience and time shall be terization than that term implies, being the work of expended in testing and sifting the conclusions to a close and well-equipped observer. It contains so which these inquiries lead. much that is new as to constitute a real contribution to natural history. Of especial value are the obser- The third issue of the publications of the Ameri vations made upon insectivorous plants, which no can Historical Association is a valuable contribution one should fail to read in connection with Darwin's to the history of the Northwestern States. Its title work on that subject. Very interesting also is the is the “ History of the Management of Land Grants account of the discovery by the writer of the Nym- for Education in the Northwest Territory," by | phea fara in the St. John's river, thus verifying the George W. Knight, Ph.D., of the University of illustration of that plant in Audubon, and settling Michigan. The paper, comprising 175 pages, first the vexed question of its existence. The chapter on treats the legislation of the old Congress, concerning the characteristic flora of the pine-barrens of New the territory which culminated in the Ordinance of Jersey is also of peculiar interest, and gives a charming 1787, and the purchase of several million acres by Dr. sketch of that paradise of botanists. The first half of Manasseh Cutler for the Ohio Company. Dr. Cutler the book contains studies of birds and insects, that in his negotiations was not satisfied with the condi show the same painstaking and accurate observation tions of the statute of 1785, that section No. 16 in as those upon insectivorous plants. What is particu- every township should be set aside for the mainten- | larly noticeable about the book is its grace of style ance of schools, or with the further offer of Congress and the unusually good illustrations, many of which that section No. 29 be given for the purposes of are reproduced from “Harper's Monthly," which is religion; but he insisted that two townships, near the a guarantee of their excellence. Altogether, it is a centre of his purchase, and of good land, should be book to be cordially welcomed by scientific and un- given for a higher seminary of learning; and he scientific lovers of nature alike. would buy on no other terms. “The persistency of Dr. Cutler," says Mr. Knight, “ with the dire neces The famous “Lenape Stone," an archæological sity of the Government, was the force which won | relic famous among scientists, has been made the the day for the Ohio Company and higher education. subject of exhaustive study by Mr. H. C. Mercer, To him belongs the honor of obtaining, with much who has given the results of his inquiry to the labor, the first gift for a university.” The purchase | public through the press of G. P. Putnara's Sons, of the Symmes tract, where Cincinnati now stands, The stone in question was found in Bucks county, followed the same year, and similar reservations for Pennsylvania, in 1872, by a farmer while ploughing, schools and a college were made. In all subsequent | It did not come under scientific observation until ten legislation by Congress, section No. 16 in every | years later, in 1882, and then evoked contradictory 1885.] THE DIAL --- - -- - - opinions regarding its authenticity. The relic ex flock to a country which converts itself into an hibits a remarkable carving on a “ gorget stone," asylum for all persons who cannot live peaceably or representing a battle between Indians and the hairy respectably elsewhere. The event is dated start- mammoth. It is the first discovery indicating that lingly near, in 1888; the acts leading to it being the prehistoric elephant dwelt contemporaneously even now in the process of fulfilment. The sketch with the Indian in our North American forests. The is not notable as an effort of the imagination, but questions it excites could not fail to be of deep sets forth in a vigorous manner the wholly possible interest to scientific observers, who have generally consequences of a political policy which allows, in regarded the antiquity of the carving as uncertain. the name of liberty, a shameful amount of personal Mr. Mercer, who resides in the neighborhood where license and official tyranny. the stone was found, and is familiar with all the circumstances of its discovery, believing in its Two SISTERS, both somewhat widely known as authenticity, has collected the evidences supporting writers and workers in the cause of social reform, his opinion and presented them impartially in a Mrs. Helen Ekin Starrett and Mrs. Frances Ekin monograph which is of special importance to the Allison, appear as joint authors of a little volume archæologists. containing essays on “The Future of Educated Women,” and “Men, Women, and Money," (Jansen, The power which Bishop Simpson exercised in McClurg & Co.) Both essays are thoughtful and sug- the field where he labored came from his strong and gestive, pointing to the conclusions at which many intense personality. He was in earnest; and the women of intellect and experience arrive in consid- ardor of his faith, and the energy with which he ering the great questions which concern the welfare declared it, carried his convictions into the hearts of of their sex. It is the belief of Mrs. Starrett that the others. His voice, his look, his gestures, were mag- future of educated women will include organized netic, and drew the feelings of his listeners into the money-making employment, apart from the work of current where his own were flowing. It was the the home; while Mrs. Allison contends especially for force of enthusiasm, the eloquence of emotion, that the right of married women to a just share in the in- made his discourses impressive, rather than persua comes of their husbands, as due payment for their sive argument or resistless logic, or array of learning services in the capacity of wife, mother, and house- or arts of oratory. A volume of the Sermons by keeper. The claims of both writers are urged with Bishop Simpson, recently published by Harper & candor, force, and moderation. Brothers, reveals the sources of his influence as a preacher. It was the living soul he put into his MARY STUART SMITH's “Virginia Cookery Book" words, rather than the words themselves, which (Harper) contains a multitude of recipes which produced effect. He did not write out his sermons, have been in use in the Southern States, and espe- but trusted to the inspiration of the moment; and cially in Virginia, for a number of generations. these transcripts were taken from his lips in short They may be trusted to produce luxurious and ap- hand, and afterwards amended by the editor of the petizing dishes, but, as a rule, call for generous sup- volume, Dr. G. R. Crooks. Thus given, they fail to plies of materials and vigorous powers of digestion. represent the full power of the author, and yet are The liberal housewife will welcome it as an accession interesting mementoes of an effective and eminent to her special library, although the benefits from it speaker. are limited to occasional reference. THERE is a quaint and piquant quality in Louise Imogen Guiney's “Goose-Quill Papers" (Roberts Brothers), which arrests and diverts the attention. LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS. They are slight and short discourses, often on whim- sical or eccentric topics, as “The Good Repute of BRET HARTE, says the London “Athenæum,” is at the Apple," “ Teaching One's Grandmother How to work on a new Californian story. Suck Eggs," "An Open Letter to the Moon,” “De New novels by Mr. Howells and Mrs. Foote will Mosquitone,” etc.; but they have a flavor of origi succeed “The Bostonians” and “Silas Lapham" in nality which gives them a certain uniqueness and “The Century." distinction. The author has read considerably and A NEW and extensive work on Bacon, by Dr. to the purpose, and is apt at enriching her own lines Abbott, of England, will soon be published by of reflection with illustrations from a varied range of Macmillan & Co. writers new and old. She is young-if we may ac- cept the reminiscences of “A Child in Camp” as a CASSELL & COMPANY are about to issue “Our Col- bit of genuine autobiography, -and exhibits promise onies and India: How We Got Them and Why We in both the matter and manner of her essays. “The Keep Them," by Prof. Cyril Ransome. Notes made by Troilus Gently," and the opening The author of that clever book “ Vice Versa " has eulogy on the Apple, are among the best papers in a new novelette called “The Tinted Venus,” about the collection. The first contains a number of to be published by D. Appleton & Co. striking thoughts strongly expressed, and the second ADMIRAL PORTER, with characteristic bravery, displays the characteristics of the writer: marked will soon offer the public another novel-“The Ad- facility of diction, humor, and a delicately fanciful ventures of Harry Marline,” to be published by D. sentiment. Appleton & Co. A WRITER signing himself Sir Henry Standish The correspondence of Peter the Great has been Coverdale, has depicted a sequence of fanciful prepared for publication by a commission of literary events culminating in the overturn of the Government men in Russia, who have collected over 8,000 letters of the United States or “The Fall of the Great Re and documents of the Czar. public" (Roberts). He ascribes the revolution to MR. PALGRAVE has added to his elegant “Golden the united action of the Irish and the socialists, who | Treasury Series" a volume of Tennyson's lyrics, 54 (June, THE DIAL in the selection of which the poet-laureate has late Earl of Beaconsfield. The letters are addressed himself assisted. The volume is published by to various members of Disraeli's family, and describe Macmillan & Co. a tour in the Mediterranean, made in 1830-31, for THE REV. II. R. HAWEIS, author of " Music and the benefit of his health. Morals," and other excellent works, will sail for Dr. GEORG EBERS's American publisher, Mr. Gotts- America in September, to fill an appointment as spe | berger, has issued a card in which he defends Clara cial lecturer at Cornell University. Bell from the charge of inaccurately and inadequately INTEREST in Shelley appears to be increasing in translating the German novelist, and quotes from a France, since a translation of all his poetical works letter in which Dr. Ebers expresses his gratification has been completed by M. François Rabb, and will at the manner in which “Serapis” has been ren- be published in Paris next autumn. dered into English. Mr. J. H. INGRAM, the English biographer of Poe, BRATTLEBORO, Vermont, is the subject of a volume will soon publish a work on “ The Raven,” which called “The Story of an old New England Town," by will give the origin, history, various versions, trans- Mrs. F. B. Greenough, published by Cupples, Upham lations, and parodies, of the famous poem. & Co. The same firm publish "Thackeray's Lon- Two NEW novels are issued by J. B. Lippincott don," a volume by William H. Rideing, descriptive of the novelist's haunts and the scenes of his books. Company_“ Vain Forebodings," by E. Oswald, It is prefaced by a new portrait of Thackeray, translated from the German by Mrs. Wister; and ** Troubled Waters, a Problem of To-Day,” by Bev- etched by Edmund H. Garrett. erley Ellison Warner. The exhaustive work on “Russian Central Asia," by Dr. Landsdell, the famous traveller and writer, PUTNAM'S SOns begin the publication of “The will soon be issued by Houghton, Mifflin & Co. It Travellers Series," comprising sketches of people and places, with the “İtalian Rambles” of James extends to nearly 1,500 pages, in two volumes, illus- trated. Also, there will soon be published by Cassell Jackson Jarves, “ Studies of Paris” by Edmondo de Amicis, and - The Great Fur Land” by H. M. & Company a new work by Prof. Vambéry, on the Central Asian question, with particular reference to Robinson. Afghanistan and Russian intrigues there. THE “New York Shakespearean Society” has THE fondness of American readers for good short been incorporated, "to promote knowledge and stories has led Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co. to project study of the works of William Shakespeare and the a series of “Tales from Many Sources," gathered Shakespearean and Elizabethan drama." Mr. Apple- | mainly from the English magazines. Four volumes ton Morgan and Mr. Brander Matthews are promi- have already been published, each containing some nent among the founders of the society. half-dozen stories, representing the best recent Eng- AN attractive series of Summer novels, to be lish writers. The volumes are compact and inex- called the “Riverside Paper Series," is announced pensive, and seem likely to become quite popular. by Houghton, Mifflin & Co. It will comprise some HOUGITON, MIFFLIN & Co. have just issued Miss new works and some old favorites, among the latter, Jewett's new novel of “A Marsh Island,” Crad- Holmes's “Elsie Venner," Aldrich's "Stillwater dock's “Down the Ravine," Prof. Bailey's “Talks Tragedy," and Hardy's “But Yet a Woman." Afield,” Bradford Torrey's “ Birds in the Bush,” The announcement of Mr. Wharton's "Sappho" Sophus Tromholt's “Under the Rays of the Aurora is received with such favor that the American pub Borealis," edited by Carl Siewers, and “The Phi- lishers of the work find their first edition likely to losophy of Disenchantment," by Edgar Evertson prove insufficient for the immediate demand. The Saltus-a statement of the views of Schopenhauer ten copies of the limited large-paper edition allotted and other representative pessimists, and the reasons to this country were insufficient to fill the advance upon which those views are based. orders. HAMERTON'S “Landscape," the most recent of his GENERAL GORDON's Diaries will be published sim works, which first appeared in a large quarto with ultaneously by Messrs. Kegan, Paul & Co., of London, etched illustrations, is now produced in a library and Houghton, Mifflin & Co., of Boston. The edition, minus the illustrations, by Roberts Brothers. volume is edited by Mr. A. Egmont Hake, a cousin | The author says of it: “I have done all in my of Gordon's, and includes letters from Gen. Stewart power to make 'Landscape' a readable book. It is and El Mahdi, together with other important docu not mere letter-press to illustrations, or anything of ments and maps. the kind, but a book which, I hope, anybody who PORTER & COATES announce that they will shortly takes any interest in landscape would be glad to publish three new juveniles-“Camp Fire and possess." This work was reviewed at length in THE Wigwam," by Edward S. Ellis; “The Young Wild- DIAL for last April. Fowlers," by Harry Castlemon; and “Hector's In- - -- - - --- -= -= = heritance," by Horatio Alger, Jr. Also, new editions of Coates's "Children's Book of Poetry,” Arthur's TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. “Ten Nights in a Bar-Room," and Smith's “ Bible JUNE, 1885. Dictionary.' Africanization of America. Henry Gannett. Pop. Sci. Mo. Astrakhan, Six Months at. Edun und Noble. Atlantic. HARPER'S “Handy Series" of sketches and nov Brown, John, at Harper's Ferry. J.E.P. Daingerfield.Oent'y. elettes is “intended to supply the best current liter Cookery, Chemistry of. W. Mattieu Williams. Pop. Sci. Mo. Country Town, Relig's Problem of. T.W.Dike. And. Review. ature in a form that shall combine the cheapness of Dime Museums. J. G. Wood. Atlantic the popular library with neatness and portability." Disinfectants, Sulphurous, G. Tisandier. Pop. Sci. Monthly. The volumes are small duodecimos in paper covers, irthquakes, Their Causes. R. A. Proctor, Harper's. Eliot, George. C. C. Everett. Andover Review. fairly printed, and sold at about twenty-five cents England and Russia in the East. Andover Review. cach. The sixth number of the series is a volume English Literature, a New Manual of. Edward Tyler. Dial. English in the Schools. A. S. Hill. Harper's. of “Home Letters," hitherto unpublished, by the Florentine Mosaic, a. W. D. Howells. Century. 1885.] 55 THE DIAL Forests and the Census. Francis Parkman. Atlantic. Fuel of the Future, the. George Wardman. Pop. Sci. Mo. Fuller, Margaret. Rebecca B. Spring. Harper's. Gaines Mill, Battle of. Fitz John Porter. Century. D. H. Hill. Century. Germans, a Night with the. R. F. Zogbaum. Harper's. Grizzly, Still Hunting the Theodore Roosevelt. Century. Herschels, the Three. Edwin S. Holden. Century. Hugo, Victor. Melville B. Anderson. Dial. Huguenot Emigration to America. C. K. Adams. Dial. Atlantir. Island Number Ten, Channel at. J. W. Bissell. Century. Jackson, Stonewall, in the Shenandoah. J.D.Imboden. Cent. Justice, the Tardiness of. W. L. Learned. No. Am. Rev. Kerosene. S. F. Peckham. Popular Science Monthly Knoxville in the Olden Time. Edmund Kirke. Harper's. Laveleye, De, a Rejoinder to. Herbert Spencer. P.S. Mo. Mediterranean of Canada. J. M. Oxley. Pop. Sci. Monthly. Monkeys. Alfred E. Brehm. P pular Science Monthly. Moths and Moth-Catchers. A. R. Grote. Pop. Sci. Mo. Negro, Help for the. T. U. Dudley. Century. Nervous System and Consciousness. W.R.Benedict. P.S.Mo. New Orleans Exposition, E. V, Smalley, Century. Old Testament, the Revised. C. M. Mead. Andover Review. - E. L. Curtis. Dial. Orchids. Sophie B. Herrick, Century. Orthodoxy, Progressive. Andover Review. Philosophy, the Religious Aspect of. Atlantic. Poetry, Recent Books of. W. M. Payne. Dial. Political Delusion. J. L. Laughlin. Allantic. Politics, Prohibition in. Gail Hamilton. No. Am. Review. Portfolio, the New. 0. W. Holmes. Atlantic. Public Schools and Catholicism. No. Am. Review. Ranch in Kansas, a. Alice W. Rollins. Harper's. Russia. N. M. Wheeler. Dial. Santa Fe de Bogota. H. R. Lemly. Harper's. Silver, Demonetization of. W.G.Sumner and others. N.A.R. Social Helps. Newman Smyth. Andover Review. Song of Solomon. ndover Review. Spencer, Herbert, a Criticism on. E. de Laveleye. P. S. Mo. Spoliation Claims, French. Edward Everett. No. Am, Rev. Swearing Habit, the. E. P. Whipple. N. Am. Review. Vandalism, Modern. Elizabeth R. Pennell. Atla tic. Watts Exhibition, the. F. D. Millet. Harper's. Whales. W. H. Flower Pop. Sci. Mo. Woman's Dress. North American Review. BOOKS OF THE MONTII. 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The Complete Works of Alexander Hamilton, Includ. ing his Private Correspondence, with a number of let. ters that have not heretofore come into print, and the contributions to “The Federalist,” of Hamilton, Jay, and Madison. Edited with an introduction and notes by H. C. Lodge. To be completed in 9 vols., 8vo. Vols. I and II. now ready. G. P. Putnium's Sons. Per vol., net, $5.00. “The edition (which will be the first complete one ever issued) will be limited to 500 copies." --Publishers' An. nouncement. Thomas Carlyle's Works. The Ashburton Edition. To be completed in 17 vols., 8vo, gilt top