ards.
White, Stokes, & Allen. 81.00.
Baby is King. By Fanny Barrow. With a charming
collection of stories, Verses and Pictures. 8vo. Fancy
boards. D, Lothrop & Co. $1.00.
An Apple Pie. By Kate Greenaway. Illustrated in col.
ors. Fancy boards. G. Routledge & Sons. $1.00.
Sundays. Reading and Pictures for the Home Circle.
4to. Fancy boards. E. P. Dutton & Ço. $1.00.
Queen Victoria at Home. By Mrs. F. A. Humphrey.
Illustrated. 4to. D. Lothrop & Co. 50 cents.
Kings and Queens at Home. By Mrs. F. A. Humphrey.
Illustrated. 410. D. Lothrop & Co. 50 cents.
Stories about Favorite Authors. Little Literature
Lessons for Little Boys and Girls. By Mrs. F. A
Humphrey. With Portraits and Autographs. 4to. D.
Lothrop & Co. 50 cents.
The Baby's Museum ; or, Rhymes, Jingles, and Ditties.
Newly arranged by Uncle Charlie. Illustrated. 4to.
Fancy boards, E. Þ. Dutton & Co. 50 cents.
Ingle-Nook Stories. By Mrs. S. Leathes. Illustrated.
Boards. E. P. Dutton & Co. 50 cents.
A Six-Years' Darlina: or. Trix in Town. By I. Thorn.
Illustrated. Boards.' E. P. Dutton & Co. 50 cents.


202
[Dec.,
THE DIAL
“Let Diaries be Brought into Use,"
The Standard Diaries
--------
MEDICAL-HYGIENE.
Manual of Gynecology. By D. B. Hart, M.D., FR.O.P.E.
and A. H. F. Barbour, M.A., B.Sc., M.D., F.R.C.P.E.
SAID THE WISE LORD BACON THREE
Profusely illustrated. Third Edition, revised. 8vo, pp.
HUNDRED YEARS AGO.
663. J. H. Vail & Co. $7.00.
Manual of the Diseases of the Nervous System.
The regular systematic use of a Diary economizes
By W. R. Gowers, M.D., F.R.C.P. Vol. I. Disease of
time, teaches method, and in the use of its cash account,
the Spinal Cord and Nerves. 8vo, pp. 463. P. Blakis.
saves money.
ton, son & Co. $1.50.
Even the briefest notes made in a Diary are easily
Outlines of the Pathology and Treatment of Syphilis, referred to and give a reliable and chronological history
and allied Venereal Diseases. From the German of of one's acts, while if entered in a memorandum book
H. Von Zeissl, M.D. 8vo, pp. 402. D. Appleton & Co. they are soon lost.
$4.00.
Diseases of Tropical Climates. By W. C. Maclean,
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The Influence of Clothing on Health. By F. Treves,
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*.* We will mail any book in this list, when not to be had at the
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FOR 1887
the price of which ten per cent. must be added to pay postage.
A. C. MCCLURG & Co. (Successors to Jansen, McClurg & Co.) THEY ARE MADE IN 17 SIZES AND 350 STYLES, AND
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AMERICAN LITERATURE, 1607-1885.
PUBLISHED BY
BY CHARLES F. RICHARDSON, Professor of Literature in
Dartmouth College. Part I. (complete in itself). The
Development of American Thought. 550 pages. 8vo.
CAMBRIDGEPORT, MASS.
Cloth extra, gilt top. $3.00.
. In this volume the author (of whose “Primer of Amer. PUBLISHERS also of Special DIARIES FOR DENTISTS,
ican Literature" some 50,000 copies have been sold) traces
and of MONTHLY CALL LISTS AND LEDGERS FOR PHY.
the progress of American prose literature from its
humble beginnings to the present time, in the various
SICIANS. Sample Sheets sent on application.
departments of history, politics, theology, philosophy,
the essay, criticism, science, humor, etc.
(Part Ii., completing the work, will be devoted to
Fiction and Poetry.)
THE STORY OF THE SARACENS.
FINE GRADES OF
By ARTHUR GILMAN, forming the tenth volume in the Offenbach Photograph Albums,
story of the Nations series. With 72 illustrations. Svo.
Cloth. $1.50.
ALSO
The previous volumes in this popular series are
“ Chaldea,” by Ragozin; “ The Jews," by Hosmer; CARD AND AUTOGRAPH ALBUMS,
“Greece," by Harrison; “Rome," by Gilman; “Germany,"
by Baring-Gould; " Norway," by Boyesen; “Spain," by Scrap Books, Portfolios, Binders, Writing Desks,
Hale: “ Carthage," by Church; “Hungary," by Vámbéry.
The next following will be "Ancient Egypt," by
Chess Boards, Etc.
Rawlinson; “Alexander's Empire." by Mahaffy; "Moors
in Spain,” by Lane. Poole, and “The Normans," by Miss
Jewett.
Koch, SONS & Co., New York,
UNCLE SAM'S MEDAL OF HONOR.
IMPORTERS.
An account of some noble deeds for which it has been
con ferred in the United States. By THEO. F. RODEN.
*** Our goods are sold at the principal bookstores. The Trade
BOUGH, Bvt. Brigadier General, U. S. A. Large 12mo.
supplied by the leading jobbers.
With 106 illustrations (portraits and battle-scenes). $2.
The United States Medal of Honor, which was insti.
tuted by Congress at the instance of Washington, is the
only authorized military decoration for valor in this
country, and this volume has been planned to present
some of the most stirring and dramatic incidents con.
nected with the history of the medal.
RECOLLECTIONS OF A PRIVATE.
A narrative by one wbo fought in the ranks through the
fiercest campaigns of the Army of the Potomac. By
FRANK WILKESON. Uniform with EGGLESTON'S
LEADING STYLES :
"A Rebel's Recollections." 16mo. Cloth. $1.00.
*** Putnam's new Classified Catalogue sent on application. FINE Point, - - - Nos. 333 444 232
232
NOTICE TO BOOK-BUYERS.
BUSINESS, - - - Nos. 048 14 130
J. B. Lippincott Company have just ready a catalogue
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of choice English books in fine bindings, and will send
the same to any address on application.
FOR SALE BY ALL STATIONERS.
J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, Publishers, 1 The Esterbrook Steel Pen Co.,
715 AND 717 MARKET STREET, PHILADELPHIA. | Works: Camden, N. ). 26 JOHN STREET, NEW YORK,
HAMMANN & KNAUER'S
ESTERBROOK'S
STEEL PENS.


1886.]
203
THE DIAL
A SHORT LIST FOR CHRISTMAS BUYERS.
THREE BEAUTIFUL NEW GIFT BOOKS.
IDYLS AND PASTORALS. Popular edition. Octavo, gilt,
$3. (Now ready.) A home gallery of poetry and art.
Twelve original poems by Celia Thaxter, with twelve
woodcuts from drawings by distinguished artists; an
exquisite book.
YOUTH IN TWELVE CENTURIES. Popular edition.
Quarto, cloth, gilt, $2. (Nearly ready.) Here are
twenty-four picturesque drawings of race types, in
national costumes, representing the youth of both
sexes, with characters, poems, all printed on exquisite
tinted paper.
THE MINUTE MAN. A ballad of " The Shot Heard Round
the World." By Margaret Sidney. 31.50. (Now ready.)
Vivid word pictures of a famous event, beautifully
illustrated and daintily bound.
THREE ADMIRABLE BOOKS FOR GIRLS.
NEW EVERY MORNING. A year book for girls. Edited
by Annie H. Ryder. 16mo. $1. The happy blending
of practical common sense, pure sentiment and
simple religious fervor in this book makes it one of
the best volumes of selections for girls ever pub.
lished.
A GIRL'S ROOM. By some friends of the girls. $1. Here
are plans and designs for work upstairs and down,
and for the entertaining of friends, the making of
presents, and numerous other things girls want to
know.
BRAVE GIRLS. By Mary Hartwell Catherwood and
others. 12mo. Cloth. $1.50. That real heroism does
not belong to boys alone is more than ever clear after
a perusal of the twenty stories that make up this de.
lightful volume.
THREE BOOKS OF TRAVEL BY FAMOUS AUTHORS.
THE MIDNIGHT SUN: THE TSAR AND THE NIHILIST.
(Nearly ready.) Adventures and observations in Nor.
way. Sweden and Russia. By Rev. J. M. Buckley. LL.
D. Very fully and finely illustrated. Extra cloth, $3,
A Nihilist, who has seen toe advance sheets, says: “It
is the fairest and fullest account of Nibilism, in the
saine space, in the English language." And a loyalist
Russian says: “It must have been written by a per.
son long resident in Russia."
A FAMILY FLIGHT THROUGH MEXICO. (Now ready.)
By Edward Everett Hale and Susan Hale. $2. The
last volume of this most entertaining and delightful
Family Flight Series.
THE GOLDEN WEST, as Seen by the Ridgway Club, By
Margaret Sidney. $1.75. Gives an accurate record of
scenes in the far West, in the form of a charming story
that will interest old and young.
THREE DELIGHTFUL NEW BOOKS FOR THE
CHILDREN.
MY LAND AND WATER FRIENDS. By Mary E. Bam.
ford. $1.50. Quaint autobiographies of strange and
familiar creatures that will charm the children, and
teach them at the same time. Two hundred original
illustrations.
NELLY MARLOW IN WASHINGTON. By Laura D.
Nichols. Beautiful chromo cover. $1.25. Nelly is an
old favorite, and her further travels and studies will
be eagerly read by lovers of Overhead, Underfoot and Up
Hill and Down Dale.
CHILDREN'S BALLADS: From History and Folk Lore.
By famous authors. Illustrated. $1.75. Ten stirring
ballads that will make the children's eyes sparkle,
and kindle the glow of enthusiasm in their hearts; all
exquisitely illustrated with original drawings by
Garrett and Jessie McDermott.
THREE CHOICE GIFT BOOKS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE.
SIGHTS WORTH SEEING. Graphic records of brilliant
spectacles and foreign panoramas by those who saw
them. Quarto, fully illustrated, beautiful coyers, $1.75.
(Now ready.) There is scarcely a country which has not
some story connected with it.
YOUNG FOLKS GOLDEN TREASURY OF POEMS. (Nearly
ready.) Extra cloth, gilt edges, over 400 pages, and
hundreds of illustrations designed expressly by our
best artists. $.5. Altogether the finest and richest
volume of poetry ever issued for young people.
ART FOR YOUNG FOLKS, Quarto, tinted edges. $2; cloth,
gilt, $3. Full of suggestions for young artists, with
biographies of 24 successful American artists, their
portraits, studios, and pictures,
THREE BEWITCHING BOOKS FOR THE LITTLE
FOLKS.
BYE-O-BABY BALLADS. Ballads by Charles Stuart
Pratt (editor of Wide Awake and Babyland); water
color illustrations by F. Childe Hassam. Beautiful
bindings in colors and gold. $2. An exquisite “Color
Book." which every father or mother should get for
the little ones; dainty, bright and very beautiful.
CHILD LORE. Edited by Clara Doty Bates. Beautiful
lithograph cover. $2. The popular children's stories
in new form, with more than 200 original illustra-
tions; a most valuable book for the household.
THE CATS ARABIAN NIGHTS. By Abby Morton Diaz.
Chromo cover. $1.25. Bright, unique and altogether
delightful stories told by Pussyanita to King Grimal.
• kum, and full of the most bewitching pictures of cats
that will charm the little ones.
THREE SPLENDID NEW BOOKS FOR BOYS.
ALL AMONG THE LIGHTHOUSES. (Now ready.) B
Mary Bradford Crowninshield. Large 8vo, illustrated.
Extra cloth, $2.50. The account of an actual trip along
the coast of Maine by a lighthouse inspector with
two intelligent boys in charge. A fascinating book,
full of adventure.
TAE LITTLE GOLD MINERS OF THE SIERRAS. By
Joaquin Miller. Other stories by favorite authors.
12mo, cloth, $1.25. This story is in Joaquin Miller's
rich mining vein, and relates the experiences and
adventures of "Jim," Madge and "Little Stumps" in
mining an old river bed.
PLUCKY BOYS. Business Boys' Library. By Miss Muloch
and others. $1.50. Spirited narratives of boys who
have conquered obstacles, or met danger and adven.
ture fearlessly. An inspiring book for boys.
THREE ANNUALS FOR BOYS AND GIRLS.
WIDE AWAKE. Volume U. This beautiful volume is rich
in Stories, Ballade, special illustrated articles, Ad.
ventures, llistory and Art features by the most
popular authors and artists. Among its specialties
are short stories by “H. H." and Mrs. Jessie Benton
Fremont, and a complete serial story, “How the Mid.
dies Set Up Shop," by Mrs. A. D. T. Whitney, etc., etc.
Boards, $1.75. Cloth, $2.25.
OUR LITTLE MEN AND WOMEN. 1886. A notable feature
of this attractive annual is its 74 full page pictures
and nearly 200 smaller illustrations. The text is
designed for the delight and information of youngest
readers, including short stories, poems, bits of travel
and animal life. A serial entitled “Me and My
Dolls," by the popular English writer, L. I. Meade.
Quarto. Boards, $1.25. Cloth, $1.75.
BABYLAND. 1896. This beautiful Annual for the
Nursery is radiant with pictures of bonny baby life
and its stories and jingles ring with sweet glee and
laughter. All the merry rogueries possible for joyous
babies to plan have here a chronicle.
A GREAT TREAT IS IN STORE FOR ALL WHO SUBSCRIBE FOR
WIDE AWAKE FOR 1887 (only $2.40 a year). Delightful
Serials, Sketches and Stories, Games and Pastimes,
by some of the most famous American and English
authors, and nearly 500 original illustrations will en.
rich its thousand pages. (Particulars in Full Prospec-
tus.) The Christinas Number (100 pages), now ready,
will be sent, post.paid, on receipt of twenty cents.
BABYLAND. For Mamma and Baby. The leading
feature for 1887 will be "Nursery Finger Plays," orig.
inal Kindergarten delights, Big pictures, large
type, heavy paper, gay cover. 50 cents a year.
TO MAKE LITTLE FOLKS HAPPY we send the De-
lightful Story, TRESSY'S CHRISTMAS, by MARGARET
SIDNEY, to a'iy child whose address is sent to us with
a 2 cent starıp for mailing.
THE PANSY. For Sundays and Week Days "I
serial will be called Monteagle, and Margaret Sidney's
will be The Little Red Shop. New features, etc. $1.20 a
year.
OUR LITTLE MEN AND WOMEN. For Youngest Readers.
The serial for 1887 is Wanderers in Bo-Peep's World, by
ere will be history for little
folks, animal papers, etc. $1.00 a year.
The above books for sale by booksellers, or sent, post-paid, on receipt of price by the publishers,
D. LOTHROP & CO., Boston.


204
[Dec.,
THE DIAL
GEORGE ROUTLEDGE & SONS,
9 LAFAYETTE PLACE, NEW YORK.
Recent Publications and Holiday Books. Sumptuous Art Books.
A HANDSOMELY ILLUSTRATED EDITION OF VICTOR
Hugo's MASTERPIECE.
Les Misérables.
With nearly four hundred illustrations by DE NEUVILLE,
BAYARD, and other eminent artists. Royal 8vo, cloth
boards, 5 vols., $15.00.
No expense has been spared to make of unrivalled
beauty this new edition of the greatest production of
the greatest modern French author. Typographically
De Vinne & Co., printers to The Century Company, have
made it almost a faultless book. Some of the inost emi.
nent French artists are the designers of the nearly 400
illustrations. These are by master-hands, and among the
illustrators, is Victor Hugo himself. Of the popularity of
Les Miserables there is no need to reassert that it has been
unrivalled. Its record proves that it is as popular as when
it first appeared. Every language has its Les Misérables :
and its countless editions but increase a demand for
nore, and finer, productions, of which the present, by
Routledge & Sons, is the most superb.
A Pesonal Memoir of his Early Art Career. By HENRY
BLACKBURN, author of " Breton Folk." “Artists and
Arabs," etc. With one hundred and seventy-two full.
page and other illustrations by RANDOLPH CALDE-
COTT. 4to, handsomely bound in cloth, $6.00.
Also a Large. Paper Edition, of which only a few copies
have been printed. Cloth extra, gilt top, rough edges,
$10.00.
Mr. Caldecott is known to the world chiefly by his
Picture Books. Possessed of a sense of beauty, and an
abundance of kindly and graceful humor, he did not lack
delicacy nor quaintness. The text of the book claims
to be but "a setting for the illustrations."
“I have read your admirable memoir of Randolph
Caldecott, and have been laughing and crying all the
morning over it; laughing over the irresistible pictures;
and touched to the soul by your sweet brotherly appre.
ciation of your friend, and of his work." -MRS. BARROW
(Aunt Fanny).
A FITTING COMPANION TO THE MEMOIRS.
Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield.
The Late Randolph Caldecott's Cbrist-
mas Book.
the Chevalier des Grieux.
The Frenchwoman of the Century:
Fasbions, Manners, Usages.
With Prefatory Memoir by GEORGE SAINTSBURY, and
114 colored illustrations by V. A. POIRSON. Royal 8vo,
handsomely bound in extra cloth, with appropriate
MORE “GRAPHIO" PICTURES. A new series of Mr.
designs in colors, and gilt top, $3.00. Also in fine
CALDECOTT's contributions to the "Graphic" News.
bindings.
paper. Printed in colors. Oblong boards, $3.00.
This beautiful book forms a companion volume to V. A.
POIRSON's handsome and very successful edition of
“Gulliver's Travels,” issued last season. A charming
story is made more charming by these scenes and figures
with which the book abounds. The pose of the figures,
| By the ABBE PREVOST. With 225 original illustrations
with their unique surroundings, compose a story of
by Maurice Leloir, and 12 page-etchings, reproduced
their own, while they gratify the eye.
by the Goupil process. (Uniform with the Leloir Edition
of the "Sentimental Journey.") In a cloth double port.
folio, $20.00.
The English translation is clear and animated. The
book is a triumph of typography and decoration. The
artist. M. Leloir, has employed, in his figures, a style
Exquisitely illustrated in colors from designs by ALBERT that is admirably matched by the richness of the tones,
LYNCH. Engraved by EUGENE GAUJEAN. Printed on lights, and shadows of bis etching needle in the larger
hand-made paper, 8vo, cloth extra, gilt top, in a box, cuts. Borders and vignettes adorn every page of the
$15.00.
volume. They are delicately finished in character, beau.
As only 500 of these exquisite volumes have been tifully designed, and engraved in a perfect manner.
printed, out of which 300 have been taken by the British There are twelve full page etchings; the vignettes and
market, the American market is strictly limited to 200 ornamented borders number more than two hundred
copies, the type having been distributed.
and twenty-five. The artist has mastered the nainre of
This book is filled with dainty and unique illustra Manon, her beauty, her charm, and her affectionateness.
tions, engraved in colors from the water-color designs of
Mr. Albert Lynch.
A book of colored designs, emblematic of the year, with
appropriate verses. By MARY A. LATHBURY, Author
A picturesque survey of the United Kingdom and its of i The Seven Little Maids," "Ring Around Rosy."
Institutions. By P. VILLARS. Translated from the
eto. 4to. with gold, silver, and three colors in inks,
French by HENRY FRITH. Imperial 4to, gilt edges, in a box, $3.50; also bound with ribbons, in a box. $2.50.
with six hundred illustrations drawn expressly for Mrs. Lathbury's Idyls of the Months" is exceedingly
this work by the best artists, from photographs or dainty. Verses and designs are printed in monotints.
sketches taken on the spot. 650 pages. Cloth, $10.00. The author has produced a choice and attractive
A superb volume. Within handsome covers is a treat volume, not for a season, but for all time. Author.
of information delightfully given, and a wealth of beau. artist, and printer have united their endeavors to a
tiful pictures exquisitely printed.
successful and pleasing issue. They have made one of
PART 1.-LONDON AND ITS ENVIRONS.
**the pretty books that are no books," so much sought
PART II.-THE PROVINCES.
for nowadays. All in all, the “Idyls of the Months" is
beautiful, delicate, and a very desirable presentation
PART IL SECTION I.-SCOTLAND.
111. SECTION II.-IRELAND.
volume.
Idyls of the Months.
England, Scotland, and Ireland.
Tartarin Sur les Alpes.
Walter Crane's New Christmas Book.
Baby's Own Æsop.
(A COMPANION VOLUME TO "BABY'S OPERA.") With
exquisite illustrations. Printed in color's by EDMUND
EVANS, 4to. Boards, $2.
Those who remember what a furor the publication of
the Baby's Opera" created among mothers and those
interested in juvenile literature will be glad to welcome
the equally beautiful “ Baby's Æsop," by the same
charming and distinguished artist.
NOUVEAUX EXPLOITS DU HEROS TARASCONNAIS. By
ALPHONSE DAUDET. English Translation, Illustrated
by Rossi, Aranda, Myrbach, Montenard, and De Beau.
mont. With 150 photogravures, all or which are del.
icate and possess a wonderful charm. Cloth, about
$2.50; paper, about $2.00. Probably ready the middle
of December.
This poem in prose is illustrated on nearly every page
by “poems in pictures." Among the books of the sea.
son prepared especially to please the artistic eye is this
of Daudet's.
For sale by all booksellers, or mailed, postage prepaid, on receipt of price by the publishers,
GEORGE ROUTLEDGE & SONS,
9 LAFAYETTE PLACE, NEW YORK.


1886.]
THE DIAL
205
MACMILLAN & CO.'S BOOKS FOR HOLIDAY PRESENTS.
Early Letters of Thomas Carlyle.
Days with Sir Roger de Coverley.
ve the hey bic / ST
A Modern Telemachus.
THE CARLYLE CORRESPONDENCE.
NEW NOVELS.
The Princess Casamassima.
Edited by CHARLES ELIOT NORTON, with two portraits. A NOVEL. By Henry James, author of “The American,"
12mo. $2.25.
“Daisy Miller," etc. 12mo. $1.75.
" There are three points of interest in the early letters
“Not only the best of Mr. James's novels, but one of the
of Thomas Carlyle, which Mr. Cbarles Eliot Norton has
great novels of our time."--Boston Beacon.
carefully and industriously edited. One is the way in
“He has added another to his list of strong original
which this young man, after his graduation at Edin.
novels, a book of wider scope and stronger grasp than
burgh, set abont the work of life. The second is the
anything he has published since the Portrait of a
gradual turning to a literary career, after he had given
Lady.'"-Boston Transcript.
"A novel of very decided rank.... Nobody can read
up the idea of preaching and was disgusted with teach.
ing, which is here portrayed. The third is the way
this book without recognizing the work of a rare and brill.
in which a Scottish philosopher and man of genius
iant master. It is one of the novels in which he displays
courted the Scotch maiden who, in 1826, became his wife,
the most complete command of his subject, the most abil.
which is here set forth in its true colors. This point has
ity in construction, and the clearest purpose with re.
been obscured by Mr. Froude, and here receives fair
spect to his characters. ... The book leaves his hands
statement."-Boston Herald.
a beautiful and symmetrical piece of art upon which he
has spent some of his brightest ideas and his most con.
scientious work."-New York Tribune.
From The Spectator. With numerous illustrations by Sir Percival.
HUGU THOMSON. Small 4to, Cloth, elegant. $2.00.
" The airy humor, daintiness and refinement of Mr.
A STORY OF THE PAST AND OF THE PRESENT. By J. H.
Thomson's sketches are almost beyond praise; they fit
SHORTHOUSE, author of "John Inglesant." 12mo. $1.00.
the quaint, delightful old text as the glove the hand.
"A literary gem, as well as a very beautiful story, with.
With the technical beauty of the best French illustration,
out sensation or harrowing emotions. It is such a story
Mr. Thom-on combines a refined and dry humor which
as the lover of pure literature will read with unalloyed
we do not often see in a Frenchman's work. Where the
pleasure."-Boston Home Journal
Frenchman would use the grotesque, the Englishman
"An atmosphere of spiritual, ideal Christianity pervades
seems to dip bis pencil in sunny wit. It would be hardly
the story, the influence of which the most careless reader
too much to call Mr. Thomson the Charles Lamb of
can scarcely escape.... Intensely interesting and not
illustration.”- New York Tribune.
unworthy, as regards purity of style and sincerity of pur.
pose, to be compared with the author's remarkable novel.
Old Christmas and Bracebridge Hall. John Inglesani.'"-Sun.
By WASHINGTON IRVING. Profusely illustrated by Ran.
dolph Caldecott. An Edition de Luxe, on fine paper, in
one volume. Royal 8vo. Cloth, gilt. $5.00.
By CHARLOTTE M. YONGE, author of “The Heir of Red.
“ Rarely, indeed, had an artist caught so perfectly the
clytre," etc., etc. 12mo. $1.50,
very spirit and style of the writer. His pictures were
"The same touches of nature and art that have made her
not decorations for a gift book, they were illuminative
best-known novel a standard work, which many people
designs, reflecting all the genial humor, sensibility.
read every three or four years, are to be found in the pres.
poetry, gentleness, and wit of the beautiful text in ent volume."-Journal of Commerce.
which they were get. If we should undertake to cata.
"The story is absorbing in interest, and the adventures
logue the masterpieces in this gallery of exquisite
among the pirates and in the pirate city are immensely
designs, the types of eccentric character, of womanly
exciting. Miss Yonge has written no more graceful and
grace, of jovial good nature, of youthful vivacity, the
picturesque a story than Modern Telemachus.'"-Boston
fine bits of winter landscape, the spirited groups, the
Saturday Evening Gazette.
glowing interiors, we should hardly know where to
stop."-New York Tribune.
NEW BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
"The volume is beautifully printed and bound, and is
a model Christmas gift. It was every way worthy of this
new edition, which is at once a graceful testimony to the
By MRS. MOLES WORTH, author of “Carrots," "Cuckoo
enduring fame of Washington Irving in letters, and a
Clock," etc. Illustrated by Walter Crane. 16mo. $1.25.
precious though saddening monument to the gifted artist
" The aim is so simple and pure, the style so exquisite
and the tone so gracious, and refined withal. that
who died in our land."-N. Y. Commercial Advertiser.
be difficult to conceiveits workmanship improved. The
History of Napoleon I.
pages are full of the sweetest feeling, and the reader is
drawn by a sympathy that can only be the possession of
By P. LANFREY. Translated with the sanction of the one who has loved and cared, and thought and suffered for
author. New and cheaper edition. 4 vols., 12mo. $9.00. others."-New York Commercial Advertiser.
"So excellent a work deserves to be studied b Mr. A. C. Swinburne, in “The Nineteenth Century,"
every one who cares about modern European history." -- writes: “Since the death of George Eliot, there is none
Athenarum.
left whose touch is so exquisite and masterly, whose love
“ Mr. Lanfrey's conception of the great soldier is, we is so thoroughly according to knowledge, whose bright
think, the only true one ever evolved by the historian. and sweet invention is so fruitful, so truthful, or so de.
. . . He admits his marvellous military genius which lightful as Mrs. Moles worth's. Any chapter of the Cuc.
grew enfeebled with age, and was nurtured from the kvo Clock,' or the enchanting Adventures of Herr Baby,'
tickle breast of fortune. But of the intellectual man the is worth a shoal of the very best novels dealing with the
author's pen is not less keen; his insight serms unerring, characters and fortunes of mere adults."
and not a thought seems to have crawled from the
Napoleonic brain whose origin and history are not Madame Tabby's Establishment.
familiar to his apprehensive mind. We esteem the
author's estimate of Napoleon Bonaparte the soundest
By KARI. With Illustrations by L. Wain. 16mo. $1.25.
and surest and most faithful that has ever been made."-
The Tale of Troy.
Literary World.
Done into English by AUBREY STEWART,M.A. 16mo. $1.25.
Early Flemish Artists
“I- the Iliad in brief and in English prose for boys and
AND THEIR PREDECESSORS ON THE LOWER Ruine. By such grown persons as have no access to Pope's or Lord
WILLIAM MARTIN CONWAY. With twenty-nine illus.
Derby's translations..... It is agreeably rendered into
trativns. 12mo. $2.50.
glowing English, and is both profitable and intertain
ing reading."-New York Commercial Advertiser.
Dictionary of National Biography.
Edited by LESLIE STEPHEN. Vol. 8. Medium 8vo. $3.25.
The Necklace of Princess Fiormonde,
AND OTHER STORIES. By MARY DE MORGAN, author of
The Odyssey of Homer.
* On a Pincushion.” With Illustrations by WALTER
CRANE. Square 16mo, extra gilt, $1.25.
Books 1-12. Translated into English verse by the Earl
« Seldom has a more charming series of fairy stories ap.
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peared than this little collection. ... The refined and
Lectures and Essays.
glancing wit, the alluring grace of style, and the intrin.
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y the late WILLIAM KINGDON CLIFFORD. Edited by lar Christmas gift-books."-Boxton Traveller.
Leslie Stephen and Frederick Pollock, with an Intro. “As simple and as charming as the old-fashioned fairy
duction by Frederick Pollock. Second edition. 12 mo. tales, and each has a moral as apt as any of sop's."
$2.50..
Philadelphia Evening Bulletin.
Macmillan & Co.'s New Illustrated Catalogue of Books suitable for Holiday Presents sent free by mail on application,
MACMILLAN & CO., 112 Fourth Ave., New York.
Four Winds Farm.


206
THE DIAL
[Dec..
Mrs. Browning's Love Sonnets. ARTISTIC BOOKS AND CARDS.
Illustrated by LUDVIG SANDOE ISPEN. Oblong
folio (pages 13x16 inches), beautifully bound,
Heavenward.
gilt top, $15; in full calf, $30.
"An ideal marriage present to those who know what
A Scripture Text-Book, with Poetical Extracts for each
day in the month. Illuminated paper boards, 50c.; Vene.
love means."-The Beacon.
tian morocco, $1.00 ; German calf, $1.50.
"The most magnificent piece of decorative book mak.
Designs consisting of scraps of landscape and flowers,
ing ever attempted in America a most sumptuous vol-
exquisitely printed in colors, appear on alternate pages,
ume."-- Boston Courier.
with extracts for every day in the month from Faber,
“No work of the kind has been put forth for years, more Havergal, Trench, and other well-known writers.
sincere, more thoughtful, or more attractive." G. P. " Pictures and verses are in complete harmony, and
Lathrop, in N. Y. Star.
altogether the little volume is one of the daintiest, and
“ The most important work in illustration that the
we inay add, one of the cheapest of its kind that has
year has furnished."--Hartford Courant.
passed through our hands.”—The Bookseller.
" These glorious poems have waited for the artist who
could filly illustrate them, and now after two score years The Likenesses of Christ.
they have found him ... Nothing like this has ever
been done in this country before."-K. H. Stoddard, in N. Being an Inquiry into the Verisimilitude of the received
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Likenesses of Our Blessed Lord. By the late Thomas
« This is a gift-book with a soul in it; one whose deco.
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gold and colors, red edges, $1.50 net; by mail, $1.65.
rative beauty,wonderful as it is, is still subordinate to its
With 12 large colored plates, heightened with gold in the
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treasure for a lifetime.'- Boston Traveller
nized portraits of Christ are derived, including four on
“The great book of the year with this house, and a vol. cloth, of remote antiquity, one in metal and enamel,
ume unique and unapproachable in American art." geven after mosaics in the Catacombs and churches of
Arlo Bates, in The Providence Journal.
Rome, with numerous wood-engravings.
The Lay of the Last Minstrel.
The Knight and the Dragon.
By SIR WALTER SCOTT. With nearly one hundred
POEM BY TOM HOOD.
illustrations of Scottish Border Scenes, Mus-
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etc.
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books of this season. And deserveuly, perhaps, it may
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This old-time favorite has been put into a new and very
"The tastu. that has presided over the selection and
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Young. The illustrations are well drawn, and carefully
execution of these illustrations is extraordinary.”—The
Beacon.
printed in colors. 4to, illuminated paper boards, $1.50.
"One of the most beautiful books of this season, or of
any."-Detroit Tribune.
Home Sunbeams.
"It does not seem possible to make finer pictures on
wood, or to bring more to beur upon the illustration of a A Series of Pictures, beautifully chromo-lithographed
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in colors. With letterpress in Prose and Rbyme. This
is, in the true sense, a Child's Book ; both text and pic-
Persia and the Persians.
tures being of and for Children. 4to, illuminated paper
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By Hon. S. G. W. BENJAMIN, late U. S. Minister
to Persia. 8vo. With portrait and many illus Pictures and Rhymes.
trations. Beautifully bound. Gilt top, $5; in
A book similar in style to“Home Sunbeams," but meant
half calf, $9.
for younger folks. Pretty pictures in colors, and pleasing
“ The charms of Eastern life, with its high lights, its
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paper boards, $1.00.
ture, its picturesque and venerable costumes, are repro.
duced vividly in Mr. Benjamin's hands, and create The Holy Childhood.
something of the local atmosphere."-The Book Buyer.
A series of pictures in chromo-lithography, represent.
A Muramasa Blade.
ing the Scenes immediately connected with the Birth of
Christ. 4to, illuminated paper boards, $1.25.
A story of .Feudalism in Old Japan. By Louis
WERTHEIMBER. Illustrated by Japanese artists.
ASK YOUR BOOKSELLER FOR
$3; in red brocade, $5.
The “ Penial” Christmas Cards.
Agnes Surriage.
AN ENTIRELY NEW LINE OF CARDS, possessing features
not hitherto atteinpted, and for which there has been re-
A Massachusetts Romance. By EDWIN LASSETTER peated inquiry. The designs and wording bave special
BYNNER. $1.50.
reference to the Christmas Festival as the Anniversary
of the Birth of Christ, and the general excellence of
The Minister's Charge.
workmanship inakes this line of Cards one of most ex.
ceptional attractiveness.
By W. D. HOWELLS, author of “The Rise of Silas
ORIGINAL VERSES BY
Lapham," etc. $1.50.
THE BISHOP OF EXETER,
“In this great novel of the people Henry James finds
that Mr. Howells touches high-watcr, mark."-Transcript.
OANON BELL,
HORATIUS BONAR, D.D.,
Rankell's Remains.
The late FRANCES RIDLEY HAVERGAL,
An American Novel. By BARRETT WENDELL. $1.
And other Eminent Authors.
***For Sile by all booksellers. Sent, vost-paid, upon receipt of
price. Catalogues of our books mailed free.
E. & J. B. YOUNG & CO.,
TICKNOR & CO., Boston. | Cooper Union, Fourth Ave.,
| Cooper Union, Fourth Ave.,
NEW YORK


1886.]
THE DIAL
207
ST. NICHOLAS WORTHINGTON'S
NEW BOOKS.
TS a monthly illustrated magazine for girls
I and boys (edited by Mary Mapes Dodge) | Meadow Sweet to Mistletoe.
in which the little children are remembered By Miss M. A. LATHBURY, artist-author of the
every month, and those who are blossoming “Seven Little Maids,” “Ring-a-Round-a
into manhood and womanhood find amusement Rosy.” Printed in gold and colors. 4to. $2.50.
and instruction. The Christian Union said
In the quantity and quality of its contents it is
unique among the holiday books prepared for
long ago that it was “for children from five to children. It is peculiarly a family book, and will
eighty-five.” This has been well exemplified furnish entertainment for the entire year. This
year the beautiful full-page engravings are printed
during the year past, when young and old to-
in photogravier tints which add not a little to their
gether have been following with intense inter attractiveness. — Publishers Weekly.
est the adventures of the delightful hero of Under Blue Skies.
Mrs. Burnett's serial story, “Little Lord Faunt-
Verses and Pictures by Mrs. S. J. Brigham.
leroy." St. Nicholas has a large circulation 48 original water-color and monotone illus-
in England as well as in America. The Lon trations of incidents of American child-life.
don Times has said, “We have nothing like it
Cover printed in 10 colors and gold. 4to. $2.
This entirely original book for young people por-
on this side.” Even Punch has had a rhyme
trays the every-day life of our little friends—their
about it:
joys, play, and pastimes, and some of their little
“Two volumes of ST. NICHOLAS most admirably done!
sorrows—while the verses are in that easy-flowing
A gallery of pictures and a treasury of fun,
jingle so much enjoyed by children.
A sheaf of striking stories and lots of laughing lays,
That children all will revel in through many merry
Worthington's Annual for 1887.
days."
Illustrated with upward of 500 original engrav-
The greatest writers in America and Eng-
ings and fine colored illustrations. 4to. $1.50.
land contribute to its pages. ST. NICHOLAS
The "Annual” for this year marks a new era in
aims to be helpful to its readers, to have arti printing; being printed in two colors. The text is
cles on practical subjects like the Brooklyn printed in black, and all the large pictures opposite
Bridge, Bringing over the Obelisk, the Bar in a rich tint, giving a very charming effect
tholdi Statue, to mention some that have ap throughout the volume. The patent for the print-
peared, as well as stories that entertain and
ing is now pending.
amuse. The magazine has been called “a lib. Worthington's Natural History.'
eral education in itself," and it is now being
Illustrating Beast, Bird, and other animal life
widely used as a supplementary reader in
schools.
in prose and poetry. 4to, boards. $1.50.
No home where there are boys and girls
Ginevra;
should be without the refining influences of
Or, THE TALE OF THE OLD Oak CHEST. By
ST. NICHOLAS. It costs $3.00 a year, and is
Susan E. WALLACE. Illustrated with 12
issued on the 25th of each month. The new
engravings by Gen. Lew Wallace, author of
year begins with the November number. The
“Ben Hur.” Richly bound. 4to. $1.25.
December issue,
This handsome volume, delightfully written by
The Beautiful Christmas Number,
Mrs. Wallace, proves by the exquisite illustrations
that General Lew Wallace excels as an artist as
Is a royal gift-book in itself, costing only 25 well as an author.
cents. In it are first chapters of Mrs. Burnett's
Christmas Elves.
new short serial, with many other delightful
things, including an illustrated article on “How
By AGNES C. Sage; or, The Doings of the
a Great Battle Panorama is Made," a sea-story
Day Fairies. Beautifully printed and finely
by Frank R. Stockton, etc. Subscribe through
illustrated with numerous engravings. 4to.
dealers or postmasters, or directly with the
$1.25.
publishers.
How?
Buyers of Christmas Books should examine
Or, SPARE HOURS MADE PROFITABLE FOR
“St. Nicholas Songs," a music book for the
BOYS AND GIRLS. 1 vol., 8vo. $2.00.
home; “The Boy's Book of Sports," and This is just the book for boys and girls. It
“Baby World.” The latter is a charming | teaches them how to make all useful things in a
book for little children.
scientific way. Every boy and girl should have it.
THE CENTURY COMPANY,
WORTHINGTON COMPANY,
33 EAST 17th St., NEW YORK.
747 Broadway, Nero York.


208
THE DIAL
[Dec.,
RICH GIFTS.
Notable Etchings by American Artists.
Sir John Suckling's Poems.
THE MOST DESIRABLE COLLECTION OF ETCHINGS
A NEW DEPARTURE.
YET PRODUCED.
Familiar Birds and What the Poets
A most important contribution to American art. Text, 1 Sing of 7 bem.
including an essay on the etching of the past year, by
RIPLEY HITCHCOCK, author of " Etching in America,"
, Illustrated by FIDELIA BRIDGES, Edited by SUSIE BARS.
etc., etc.
TOW SKELDING.
A companion to “Some Modern Etchings” and “Recent A handsome volume, containing many beautiful poems,
American Etchings" (every copy of which has been etc., relating to the best loved birds. Includes fac-similes
sold), but showing a decided advance over both of of the hand writing of John Burroughs, Dora Read Goodale,
the former collections.
and Margaret E. Sangster.
LIST OF ETCHERS AND TITLES OF PLATES.
With the foilowing colored plates, exquisitely printed:
Swallows and Arrowhead; Snow-buntings and Pine
J.L. GEROME FERRIS, . MOORISH INCENSE BURNER.
Bough; Wrens and Honeysuckle; Sea-gull and Surf;
FREDERICK W. FREER, THE WHITE ROSE.
Yellow-birds and Mullein; Robins and Apple. blossoms;
KRUSEMAN VAN ELTEN, THE LILY POND.
Bluebirds and Morning-glories; Snow.birds and Rose.
JAMES J. CALAHAN, - - " CA PINCE."
hips; Orioles and Plum-blossoms; Song.sparrow and
FRANK M. GREGORY, - OLD TRINITY AND WALL ST.
Wild Roses; Thrush and Sweet-peas; Chickadees and
LEROY M. YALE, . THE OLD BRIDGE.
Autumn Leaves.
JOSEPH F. SABIN, . . THE BOOK-WORM.
W. H. SHELTON, . . . . AFTER THE HOUNDS.
Richly bound, cloth, full gilt, ornate design of birds,
CHARLES VOLKMAR, . NEAR MONTIGNY.
vine, etc., in gold and color on cover. In a box, $5.00.
W. ST. JOHN HARPER, ST. JEROME.
ARTIST-PROOF EDITIONS.
FIVE INTERESTING ADDITIONS TO “THE
1.-VELLUM PROOFS, LIMITED TO TEN COPIES,
LYRIC POETS."
SIGNED AND NUMBERED. Remarque proofs on vellum, accom-
panied by proofs on Japan paper.
Uniform with Locker's Poems.
Text printed on imperial Japan paper, in red and black.
Folios lined with watered silk, $250.00.
U. SATIN AND JAPAN PROOFS, LIMITED TO FIFTEEN
COPIES, SIGNED AND NUMBERED. Proofs on Satin, accom-
A new edition, with memoir and notes. Edited by
panied by proofs on Japan paper, $60.00.
FREDERICK A. STOKES. With new etching by J. S.
111.-SATIN PROOFS, LIMITED TO TEN COPIES, SIGNED KING, after the portrait by Van Dyck, 12mo, cloth, $2.00.
AND NUMBERED. Proofs on Satin, $50.00.
EDITION DE LUXE.
IV.-JAPAN PROOFS, LIMITED TO ONE HUNDRED
Limited to 100 copies on hand-made paper, large 8vo, very
COPIES, SIGNED AND NUMBERED. Proofs on Japan paper,
wide margins, uncut, $5.00.
$35.00.
All etchings contained in the above copies are RE-
THE BALLAD BOOK. ALLINGHAM.
MARQUE PROOFS, SIGNED
VIGNETTES IN RHYME. DOBSON.
All styles of the Artist-Proof editions are inclosed in AT THE SIGN OF THE LYRE. DOBSON.
rich portfolios of vellum with leather backs. All have
ornamentation on side in color and gold and are tied
ON VIOL AND FLUTE. GOSSE.
with silk.
Each one of these is offered in a variety of binding.
V.-REGULAR IMPRESSIONS on etching paper.
Cloth (various colors), bevelled boards, gilt edges, dec.
Bound in dark blue cloth, with rich cover ornamenta.
oration in color and gold, $2.00.
tion, representing an etching in a frame, $12.50; same in
black portfolio, leather back, $15.00.
Each copy numbered.
Of Recent American Etchings it has been said:
“A credit to American art, and worthy of great praise
White, Stokes, & Allen have secured the entire remain.
der of the sheets of the latest edition of this beautiful and
and wide attention."- Brooklyn Union.
successful work. They offer it in a new and remarkably
"Our readers cannot do better than examine this beau. rich and attractive binding, which they have prepared
tiful work if they would add to the beauty of the library.
especially for it. Entirely different from the former
the parlor, and the portfolio."--Christian Advocate.
binding. Cloth extra, attractive colors, gilt top (leaving
wider margin at side and bottom), cover stamped with
A DELIGHTFUL NEW SERIES OF
very broad band of gold at top (design from the frieze
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In a box, $10.00. Full heavy-grained morocco, gilt top,
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A series of volumes (of both prose and verse) of a relig.
ious nature. Much attention has been given to the
AN IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT.
make-up of these books, the intention being to render
them especially desirable as gifts for those in affliction, Clara Erskine Clement's Series of Outline Art-histories for Be-
aged people, and others, as well as for all persons at such
ginners and Students, now complete by the Addition of
times as Christmas, Lent, and Easter.
1. OF THE IMITATION OF CHRIST. THOMAS À KEMPIS.
2. RELIGIOUS POEMS. Edited by C. E. ALEXANDER.
Uniform with PAINTING and SCULPTURE, by the same
3. THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. JOHN BUNYAN.
well-known author. With over 130 valuable illustrations,
4. MAKE THY WAY MINE, AND OTHER POEMS. BY
Each of these three books covers its ground in an in.
GEORGE KLINGLE. A volume of poems, chiefly religious,
teresting way, giving a good idea of all the great paint.
of very great merit. Many of these have appeared in
ers, sculptors, or architects, and their works, as well as
The Independent, The Christian Union, and others of the
enabling anyone who wishes a general knowledge of the
highest class of religious periodicals.
subject to obtain it in a pleasant way. Very readable.
Each 1 vol., 16mo, clear type, with wide margins, on very Fully and handsomely illustrated with numerous full.
fine laid paper.
page illustrations and cuts set in the text. With complete
Pale.brown cloth, appropriate ornamentation on covers indexes.
in silver and gold. Each volume, $1.00.
Each lvol., 8vo. Tastefully bound. With artistic de.
Photo.Etching Binding, with photo.etching of some sign stamped in gold on cloth cover, $2.50.
famous painting on parchment-paper cover, in box, $1.00. Half calt, new colors, $5.00.
Greece and Rome.
Religious Volumes.
Architecture.
New catalogue and illuminated circular, with full descriptions of miny HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS for old and young, sent
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Any of the above can be had of your bookseller, or will be sent to any address, at publishers' expense, on receipt
of advertised price. Mention THE DIAL.
WHITE, STOKES, & ALLEN, PUBLISHERS,
182 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY.


1886.7
209
THE DIAL
------
-----
-
--
NEW GIFT BOOKS.
The Earl's Return.
| Lalla Rookh.
An Oriental Romance. By THOMAS MOORE. Vel-
By OWEN MEREDITH. This beautiful poem, which
lum edition. Illustrated with 141 photo-etchings
ranks next to Lucile among the author's works, made from designs of the best artists in America,
is now published in a unique and beautiful style.
including Will H. Low; Kenyon Cox, W. St. John
The illustrations are by W. L. Taylor, and are
Harper; Walter Satterlee; Henry Sandham; E. H.
Garrett and others; with several by European and
reproduced in photo.etchings and wood engrav-
Persian artists. Printed in a variety of colors.
ings in the best possible style. 1 vol., vellum Without doubt the most sumptuous and elaborate
plated cloth, gilt edges, with photo-etching de art book ever published in America. Imperial
sign, $6.00.
8vo. Bound in parchment paper, in vellum cloth
portfolio, with stamped ribbons, $15.00.
Recent German Art.
A series of 17 beautiful photo-etchings reproduced
from selected original paintings by the most cel-
A collection of 20 original etchings by celebrated
ebrated German artists, with descriptive text by
Fred H, Allen. Printed in tints. . 1 vol., folio,
artists, among whom are Unger, Leibl, Paul
12x17, cloth, $7.50.
Rajon, Klaus, Woernle, from paintings by Rem-
brandt, Titian, Muncaczy, Leon Bonnat, Palma, | Fair Ines.
Vecchio, Gabriel Max, and others, with descrip-
By Thomas Hood. This beautiful poem is now for
tive text and biographical matter by S. R. Koeh-
the first time brought out in holiday style, with
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ler, and others. Limited to 350 copies. Proofs 1 W. F. Freer. 1 vol., small quarto, cloth, full
on Holland paper, in cloth portfolio, $15.00. gilt, $1.50.
Foreign Etchings.
NEW BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
Chatterbox for 1886.
| Our Little Ones and the Nursery.
The most celebrated and popular juvenile in the Edited by William T. Adams (Oliver Optic). This
world. Over 200 full-page illustrations. Illumi- | beautiful volume consists of original stories and
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poems by the very best writers of juvenile litera-
ture, carefully selected and edited, is embellished
OVER 200,000 VOLUMES ZIGZAGS SOLD.
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Zigzag Journeys in the Sunny
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South.
Three Vassar Girls on the Rhine.
In which the Zigzag Club visit the Southern States, By Lizzie W. CHAMPNEY. The Vassar Girls in this
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1 vol., quarto, illuminated covers, $1.75.
the voyage and historic stories. Illustrated by
“Champ” and others. 1 vol., small quarto,
The Boys of '61.
illuminated covers, $1.75.
OR, FOUR YEARS OF FIGHTING. A record of per-
Following the Flag.
sonal observation in the Army and Navy, from the By CHARLES CARLETON COFFIN, author of “The
Battle of Bull Run to the fall of Richmond. By Boys of '61," "Our New Way 'Round the
CHARLES CARLETON COFFIN. With many illus World," etc. A new edition of this famous book
trations. 1 vol., 8vo, chromo-lithograph covers, for boys, with 18 entirely new full-page illustra-
$1.75.
tions. 1 vol., small quarto, illuminated board
Young Folks' History of the covers, $1.25.
Netherlands.
' A concise and interesting narrative of the life of
A concise history of Holland and Belgium, from this celebrated woman, by RosALIE KAUFMAN,
the earliest times to the present. By ALEXANDER. abridged from Agnes Strickland's “History of the
YOUNG. Nearly 150 illustrations. 1 vol., 16mo, Queens of Scotland." Fully illustrated with fine
cloth, $1.50.
wood engravings. 1 vol., 8vo, cloth, $2.50.
For sale by all booksellers, or sent, post-paid, on receipt of price by the publishers,
ESTES & LAURIAT, Boston, Mass.


210
THE DIAL
[Dec.,
A. C. MCCLURG & CO.'S NEW BOOKS.
William Shakespeare. | The Standard Oratorios.
By VICTOR Hugo. Translated by Prof. Mel. Their Stories, their Music, and their Com-
ville B. Anderson. 8vo. Cloth. 425 pages. posers. A Handbook. By GEORGE P.
Price, $2.00.
UPTON. Uniform with “The Standard
This is preëminently the most characteristic—the Operas.” 12mo. 335 pages. Yellow edges.
most intensely Hugoesque-of all the author's prose Price, $1.50. Full Gilt, $2.00.
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music.
Their History, Manners, and Customs. From Whist Scores and Card-Table
the French of LUCIEN BIART. Authorized
translation by J. L. Garner. Illustrated.
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1886.]
211
THE DIAL
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THE DIAL
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THE DIAL
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THE DIAL
922
Vol. VII. JANUARY, 1887. No. 81. construction of his living personality. Some
of those most closely associated with him were
alive but yesterday. Claire died as late as
CONTENTS.
1879, and Trelawny, but one year younger
than Shelley, lived until 1881. There are men
COR CORDIUM. William Morton Payne ..... 215
yet living whom one might address, with Mr.
THE HUGUENOTS AND HENRY OF NAVARRE. Browning, in a wonderment of interrogation:
Herbert Tuttle . . . . . . . . . . · · · · · 219
“Ah, did you once see Shelley plain,
BOOKS ABOUT BROWNING. Melville B. Anderson · 221
And did he stop and speak to you,
And did you speak to him again?
A NEW HISTORY OF THE FRENCH REVOLU.
How strange it seems and new!"
TION. 0. L. Smith .......... 223 In the preparation of this work, Prof. Dow.
MEXICO, ANCIENT AND MODERN. George C. Noyes 224 den has had advantages possessed by no other
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ............ 226
biographer of Shelley. Not only has he been
Levermore's The Republic of New Haven; a His able to avail himself of the published work of
tory of Municipal Evolution.-Shaw's Coöpera. his predecessors, but he has had free access to
tion in a Western City.-Benjamin's Persia and
all the manuscripts in the possession of Sir
the Persians.-Lubbock's Flowers, Fruits, and
Leaves.--Rosenkranz's The Philosophy of Educa.
Percy Shelley, and “permission to make use
tion.--Koehler's American Art.--Miss Clarke's
of them without reserve.” These manuscripts
Life of Susanna Wesley.--The Early Letters of include the journal kept by Mary Shelley, and
Thomas Carlyle.-Duprè's Thoughts on Art. a great many of the letters which passed
Whipple's Recollections of Eminent Men.-Mat.
between Shelley and his wife when they were
thews's and Hutton's Actors and Actresses, Vol.
ume 111.-Elliott's Our Arctic Province.--Gil.
at times separated from one another. They
man's The Story of the Saracens. - Lane-Poole's
also include a transcript of the journal kept
Story of the Moors in Spain. - Pennell's Two by Williams, some of Shelley's unpublished
Pilgrims' Progress.--Upton's The Standard Ora. writings, and a large number of letters written
torios.-Delaborde's Engraving, Its Origin, Pro.
by various persons and bearing more or less
cesses, and History.-Miss Phelps's The Madonna
directly upon incidents in Shelley's life. He
of the Tubs.
TOPICS IN JANUARY PERIODICALS ..... 232
has also had placed at his disposal the col-
lection of papers owned by Mr. Forman, the
BOOKS OF THE MONTH ..
editor of Shelley's writings, which includes
over fifty hitherto unpublished letters by
COR CORDIUM.*
Shelley, Claire's journals and note-books, Mrs.
Gisborne's unpublished journal, many miscel-
Two of the three poets whose names make laneous letters, and other important papers.
up the supreme trinity of English song have Besides this material, he makes acknowledg.
some time since had their lives set forth by ment to Mr. Rossetti and to Dr. Garnett for
competent biographers. All the facts that the the use of their collections, to the Esdailes
dusty storehouse of the past can furnish con (Shelley's grandsons) for a manuscript volume
cerning the life of Shakespeare have been of Shelley's unpublished poetry, and to a great
gathered together by the loving industry of many other possessors of papers and facts of
Mr. Halliwell-Phillipps. All that we can reason importance, the mere enumeration of whose
ably expect to be told of Milton is contained names would occupy a considerable space. It
in the substantial volumes which we owe to will thus be seen that the author has been able
Mr. Masson. And the time has now come when to work under almost ideal conditions, and, a
the student of literature may add to his library, matter for which his readers should be espe-
in the work of Prof. Edward Dowden, a life cially grateful, he has not given to his new
of Shelley which leaves nothing, lying within | material a disproportionate amount of atten-
the bounds of a reasonable desire, yet to be tion, but has rather so availed himself of all the
desired; which probably includes everything books previously published about Shelley as to
of importance now recoverable of the life of produce a coherent, symmetrical and well-
him whose name is above all other names in balanced biography, a work which preserves
the lyric poetry of our English speech. And the truth and corrects the error of its prede-
Shelley has an advantage over the two other cessors, a work which we may safely regard
of our poets who are alone his spiritual peers, as the final record of Shelley's brief thirty
in his nearness to our own age, and in the years. “I have reserved from the reader
abundance of material remaining for the re nothing that concerns Shelley,” says the
author. “I have endeavored to search out the
• THE LIFE OF PERCY BYSHE SHELLEY. By Edward
Dowden, LL.D. In two voluines. London: Kegan Paul,
truth in many quarters, and to tell the whole
Trench & Co. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
truth, as far as it is known to me."


216
[Jan.,
THE DIAL
Prof. Dowden states his own attitude to boundless love for his fellow-men which
the work in these terms: “It is no part of this marked his earliest essays in prose and verse
biography to justify Shelley in all his words became, if possible, deeper and more ardent
and deeds. The biographer's duty is rather to as the years went by. The brutality of the
show precisely what these words and deeds treatment which he received from all but the
were, leaving the reader to pronounce such narrow circle of friends gathered about him,
judgment as may seem just.” Those in a brutality of which the conduct of the En-
whose minds there still lingers some recol glishman who, at the post-office of Pisa,
lection of a calumnious publication of a year knocked him down upon hearing that he was
or two ago, which was impudently styled “that damned atheist, Shelley,"affords a fitting
“ The Real Shelley” by the “inopportune illustration—could not embitter his feelings
brawler” who wrote it, may tremble a little for humanity. in general. Even when those
at these words of the present author, lest they whom he elected to his closest friendship
should imply that Shelley's character, when basely betrayed the confidence bestowed, he
closely viewed, no longer appears the thing could only grieve that they should be so base;
of ideal loveliness that it has hitherto seemed he could not hate them. It was in sorrow
to them. But they will soon realize that the and not in anger that he learned of the
words have no such implication, as they turn treachery of Hogg, and that he met the con-
over the pages of the new biography, and they temptible hypocrisy of Godwin. Injustice,
will see, if they have hitherto been doubtful, indeed, and all forms of oppression, he could
that our added knowledge of the poet's life hate with a fierce and mighty hatred; but the
only serves to bring out more clearly than be desire for revenge, even upon those who had
fore the purity and unworldliness of his nature. most wronged him, was something of which
For our belief in “the purity and sanctity his nature seemed utterly incapable. We are
of his life " we do not need to depend upon told that he thought, in 1821, of writing a new
the testimony of his devoted wife. Nearly Timon of Athens “adapted to our modern
everyone who came in intimate contact with days.” The subject not unnaturally dwelt in
him has brought some similar tribute to his his thought, but he could not bring himself
character. Hogg says: “I have had the hap- to play the part of a Timon in actual life.
piness to associate with some of the best although few men have had greater cause.
specimens of gentlemen; but ... I can When all the world must have seemed leagued
affirm that Shelley was almost the only exam together to wreak its malice upon him, his
ple I have yet found that was never wanting, creative thought took perfect shape for the
even in the most minute particular, of the in last time, and the product was no misanthropic
finite and various observances of pure, entire, outcry against mankind, but the impassioned
and perfect gentility.” Hunt wrote of him and glorious prophecy of “Hellas." Cradled
that he had “never met . .. with a being | again into poetry by the deepest of wrong,
who came nearer, perhaps so near, to that the lesson he learned in suffering was that
height of humanity mentioned in the conclu-
" Hope may vanish, but can die not;
sion of an essay of Lord Bacon's, where he
Truth be veiled, but still it burneth;
speaks of excess of Charity, and of its not
Love repulsed, but it returneth!”
being in the power of 'man or angel to come And the teaching of the song that issued from
in danger by it."" Byron wrote of him in a soul thus perplexed in the extreme was of
these words: “He is, to my knowledge, the “the world's great age” and of the “ golden
least selfish and the mildest of men-a man years ” yet in store for humanity.
who has made more sacrifices of his fortune The calumnies and misrepresentations which
and feelings for others than any I ever heard surrounded Shelley's life, and clung to his
of.” Such tributes as these—and they might memory for many years, arose mainly from
be multiplied indefinitely-are not the mere his disregard of the conventionalities in his
utterances of friendship; the closest friend marriage with Mary Godwin. The British
ship might say much less without being public is the only one in the world that would
charged with lukewarmness. They are rather | have attached such undue importance to, or
the evidences that Shelley possessed one of found such cause of complaint in the irregu-
those rare and spiritual natures which in the larity of a proceeding which was so amply
earlier ages of the world were looked upon as justified by its results. And the judgment of
saintly or divine, but which are to us still the British public, which just then found its
more beautiful because seen as merely human, ideals of domestic virtue in the court of the
and because of the glimpse which they afford Regent, need not weigh greatly with us in the
us of the possibilities concealed within man's formation of our own. In one of those letters
nature.
whose dignity of tone and urbanity of expres-
And the most marvellous thing of all is sion it would be difficult to admire too highly,
that he kept his faith in human nature through when we consider the exasperation which
the bitter trials of those thirty years. That I almost any other writer would have been un.


1887.]
217
THE DIAL
able to repress, Shelley replies to the compla-
cent moralizing of Southey, who had felt called
upon to preach a little for the edification of
the errant poet. After some preliminary ac-
knowledgments, Shelley writes:
"I confess your recommendation to adopt the
system of ideas you call Christianity has little weight
with me, whether you mean the popular superstition
in all its articles, or some other more refined theory
with respect to those events and opinions which put
an end to the graceful religion of the Greeks. To
judge of the doctrines by their effects, one would
think that this religion were called the religion of
Christ and Charity ut lucus a non lucendo, when I
consider the manner in which they seem to have
transformed the disposition and understanding of
you and men of the most amiable manners and the
highest accomplishments, so that even when recom-
mending Christianity you cannot forbear breathing
out defiance, against the express words of Christ.
What would you have me think? You accuse me,
on what evidence I cannot guess, of guilt-a bold
word, sir, this, and one which would have required
me to write to you in another tone had you addressed
it to anyone except myself. Instead, therefore, of
refraining from judging that you be not judged,'.
you not only judge but condemn, and that to a pun-
ishment which its victim must be either among the
meanest or the loftiest not to regard as bitterer than
death. But you are such a pure one as Jesus Christ
found not in all Judea to throw the first stone
against the woman taken in adultery!
"With what care do the most tyrannical Courts of
Judicature weigh evidence, and surround the accused
with protecting forms; with what reluctance do they
pronounce their cruel and presumptuous decisions
compared with you! You select a single passage
out of a life otherwise not only spotless, but spent
in an impassioned pursuit of virtue, which looks like
a blot merely because I regulated my domestic ar-
rangements without deferring to the notices of the
vulgar, although I might have done so quite as
conveniently had I descended to their base thoughts
-this you call guilt. I might answer you in an-
other manner, but I take God to witness, if such a
Being is now regarding both you and me, and I
pledge myself if we meet, as perhaps you expect,
before Him after death, to repeat the same in His
presence—that you accuse me wrongfully. I am
innocent of ill, either done or intended, and the
consequences you allude to ſprobably the suicide of
Harriet) flowed in no respect from me. If you were
my friend I could tell you a history that would make
you open your eyes, but I shall certainly never
make the public my familiar confidant.”
The history which is here alluded to will
never be known in full, but enough of it is
brought to light in these volumes to afford
justification for Shelley's acts. With any
other than a technical fault he cannot be
charged, and for that he made technical
amends as soon as it was possible for him to
do so. He knew well that for his fault he
must suffer the frown of men, but he followed
the law of his own conscience, and was
strengthened by some such estimate of the
value of the world's approval as a later English
writer, Mr. John Morley, has expressed in
these words:
"And what is this smile of the world, to win
which we are bidden to sacrifice our moral man-
hood; this frown of the world, whose terrors are
more awful than the withering up of truth and the
slow going out of light within the souls of us? Con-
sider the triviality of life and conversation and pur-
pose in the bulk of those whose approval is held out
for our prize and the mark of our high calling. Let
us measure the empire over them of prejudice un-
adulterated by a single element of rationality, and
let us weigh the huge burden of custom, unre-
lieved by a single leavening particle of fresh
thought. Ponder the share which selfishness and
love of ease have in the vitality and maintenance
of the opinions which we are forbidden to dispute.
Then how pitiful a thing seems the approval or
disapproval of these creatures of the conventions
of the hour, as one figures the merciless vastness
of the universe of matter sweeping us headlong
through viewless space; as one hears the wail of
misery that is forever ascending to the deaf gods;
as one counts the little tale of the years that separ-
ate us from eternal silence. In the light of these
things a man should surely dare to live his life with
little heed of the common speech upon him or his
life, only caring that his days may be full of reality,
and his conversation of truth-speaking and whole-
ness.”
No man ever lived “in the light of these
things" more truly than Shelley, and no man's
days were more filled with reality-the reality
of those “visions, truer than truth,” which
the poet sees and interprets for his less gifted
fellow-mortals.
Prof. Dowden has done his work so well
that the closest examination reveals few and
trifling inaccuracies. His frequent use of the
form “proven” is open to criticism. In his
account of the journey over Mount Cenis, he
speaks of an Alpine bridge crossed on the
way as the “Pont du Diable.” It is possible
that one of the bridges of this pass receives
that name, but more probable that he is think-
ing of the famous “Pont du Diable” of the
St. Gotthard road, or of the less familiar
bridge, known also by that name, on the road
to Einsiedeln, near Lake Zurich. In his ac-
count of the homeward journey from Switz-
erland by way of the Rhine, there is a confusion
in the use of the word “mile.” The passages
in Claire's journal probably mean German
miles instead of English ones, otherwise it
would be difficult to explain how the journey
from Bonn to Cologne was made in five hours,
at the rate of two and a half miles an hour.
In the account of the same journey mention is
made of “Shaufane” as a stopping-place not far
from Basel. Prof. Dowden has not been able
to locate this place, but it may be suggested
that Stauf, a little town not far from the
Rhine at that point, is possibly what is
meant. A more serious error occurs in the
account of the visit to Rome during Holy
Week of 1819, in which connection it is
mentioned as a current rumor “that the
emperor would be very willing to take the


218
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Roman States into the keeping of the Holy | But it is probably the most remarkable juve.
Roman Empire.” The Holy Roman Empire, nile poem ever written, and it contains much
it need hardly be said, came to an end with of which any poet less great than Shelley
the abdication of Francis II. in 1806. Such might well be proud. Such passages as those
minute criticism as this would hardly be beginning-
called for if the work of Prof. Dowden were “If solitude hath ever led thy steps."
not one of the first importance, and destined to "How beautiful this night!"
be held as one of the authorities in literary " Thou taintest all thou look'st upon!"
history.
“Genius has seen thee in her passionate dreams,"
Errors of judgment seem to be as rare and all the magnificent prophesy which closes
as errors of fact in the work. Upon every the poem, are of a very high order of excel-
point but one, an admirably sane and tem-
lence, and they are of a sort particularly fitted
perate tone of criticism is maintained. But
to convey the spirit of poetry to minds not
the author's sympathies seem defective in the
keenly susceptible by nature to its influences.
keenly susceptible by nature
matter of Shelley's religious views and the There are few poems better calculated to
youthful publications in which they found awaken in youth the yet dormant sense of
expression. To characterize as a false premise
poetical beauty, or to afford an introduction
the fundamental assumption of “The Necessity
to that new world which opens upon the mind
for Atheism," that “the senses are the source when the word poetry ceases to be a symbol
of all knowledge to the mind,” is to fail to
and becomes the embodiment of all magical
recognize the position of a very important delights.
group of philosophical thinkers; and some of It would not be easy to accord too much
Prof. Dowden's theological friends will hardly
praise to the literary aspect of Prof. Dowden's
thank him for the admission that, if this pos-
achievement in this work. Already eminent
tulate be true, “a logical mind will find it
as an essayist, he has here accomplished that
difficult to avoid arriving at Shelley's con-
which entitles him to still greater eminence,
clusion.” Nor do we think it altogether fair
as the scope of this work is greater than that
to characterize the “Système de la Nature”.
of anything previously undertaken by him.
as “the last word of atheistic materialism, | In this biography the consonance between
clumsily uttered by a German turned French Shelley's life and work appears at every step;
man," or to speak of Shelley's “patchwork the work is brought into its relation with the
system of thought” in view of the admirable
life, and those portions of the life which have
coherence of its expression in a long series of
seemed confused in preceding accounts are
Shelley's works. Still more glaringly unjust here made perfectly intelligible. The author
is the following statement, and we cannot does not proceed exhaustively to discuss and
conceive how the author should have been
then to pronounce ponderous judgment; set
able to make it. “To all the noble and gentle
discussion is rather replaced by lucid narrative,
lives, all the sweet and heroic deaths which and judgment is rather suggested than set
had clasped to their breasts the cross of Christ, forth in formal terms. The delicate touches
Shelley, who could see but one side of things, which here and there hint at what is to come
was blind.” Shelley doubtless made unrelent are the work of a skilled artistic hand. When
ing war upon the theological system associated
Shelley's favorite pastime of sailing paper boats
with the teaching of Christ, and never ceased is described in the words of Thornton Hunt,
to protest against the assumption that Chris-
| we do not smile, as Shelley is said to have done,
tianity first made human nature divine; but he
when he remarked: “How much I should like
was catholic enough to appreciate gentle lives that we could get into one of these boats and
and heroic deaths wherever he met them in
be shipwrecked-it would be a death more to
history or in life, and to recognize Christianity
be desired than any other.” When mention
as their accident and not their condition.
is made of a holiday excursion to La Spezzia
In consequence, perhaps, of this defect of in the autumn of 1821, the reader can say with
sympathy, Prof. Dowden does something less the author: “A faint chill touches our spirits
than justice to “Queen Mab.” His character-
when we see in Mary's journal for the first
ization of that extraordinary piece of youthful
time the name of the place of doom.” Equally
work seems to be a sincere attempt rightly to delicate and suggestive is the author's note
appraise its merits, but is a little too much upon a passage in Mary's journal of Jan. 24,
concerned with its ideas and not enough with 1818—"read sixth book of Virgil to Shelley;"
the form of their expression. The work by " walk out and see a lovely rainbow.” A year
which, through its unauthorized republication later sorrow was to come to her with the loss
in 1821, Shelley was best known to the public of her child William, and the author remarks:
while living, is, of course, neither the “ villain-
“A touching entry, with its reserve and its
ous trash” which he was afterwards inclined
secret significance, for January 24 was the sec-
to consider it, nor a great poem in the sense of ond anniversary of little William's birthday.
the “Prometheus Unbound” or the “Hellas.” I and to Mary's heart the rainbow was a happy


1887.)
219
THE DIAL
omen for his future. Alas! a truer omen might are usually willing to hear how easily they
have been found in those pathetic lines which might have done them. But we must decline
lead towards its close the book of Virgil which not the less to call our students of history
the father and mother read together on that back from the continent, and shut them up
day.”
with the Rolls series, the Parliamentary His-
Upon the value of Shelley's poetry, Prof. tory, and the Statutes of the Realm. Prescott
Dowden does not feel called definitely to pro and Motley and Ticknor, whom the bishop
nounce. And, indeed, at this date, it is some specifies, might have done better in England
thing of a work of supererogation to pronounce than they did in Spain and the colonies or
upon a matter so well determined and so dependencies of Spain; better than they did
patent to any judgment not bopelessly per in furnishing lucid and judicial accounts of
verse. We find, however, an occasional bit the court of Madrid and the rise of a Spanish
of characterization of marked felicity, as when empire across the ocean, in painting the heroic
we read that “no other poet has pursued with struggle of the Dutch for religious and politi-
such breathless speed on such aerial heights cal freedom, in unfolding to view the progress
the spirit of ideal beauty." The fixed star of of a noble literature too long neglected even
Shelley's genius, outshone during the poet's by scholars. These men might have been
life by the meteoric brilliancy of Byron, and more “wisely employed”; all we know is that
for a time by the radiant splendor of Words they were not, and with our present light we
worth and of Keats, is now seen in its true can be content that such was the case. Mean-
magnitude. “At the sound of “The Ode to the time there are signs that the interest of Amer-
West Wind,” says the poet whose praise is ican writers in continental as distinguished
the least superfluous of all that has been from purely English history is not yet on the
brought as a tribute to Shelley's song, “ the decline. The fine contribution of Mr. Perkins
stars of Wordsworth's heaven grow fainter in | to the history of France under Richelieu and
our eyes, and the nightingale of Keats's gar Mazarin takes up a great subject, and handles
den falls silent in our ears." And if anything it well. Then at nearly the same time Pro-
further can fitly be said, it is surely those fessor Baird gives us in two closely packed
other words of the same eloquent writer, in volumes another section of the unhappy story
which he speaks of Shelley as the poet to | of the French Huguenots.
whom it was given to breathe “the very "spirit The period covered by this instalment lies
of sense’ itself, to transcend at once the sen between the accession of the last of the Valois
suous and the meditative elements of poetry, kings, the weak-minded, frivolous, vacillat-
and to fuse their highest, their keenest, their ing Henry the Third, and the assassination of
most inward and intimate effects, in such verse the first and best of the Bourbons, Henry the
as utters what none before could utter, and Fourth. In a looser sense it stretches between
renders into likeness of form and sound such the two extremes, the ebb and the flood, of
truths of inspired perception, such raptures of Huguenot fortunes—the massacre of St. Bar-
divine surprise, as no poet of nature may tholomew's Day and the Edict of Nantes-
think to render again.”
with the war of the League as the great cen-
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. tral event, and Henry of Navarre as the most
picturesque and commanding figure. It is by
reference to this position of Henry, to his
THE HUGUENOTS AND HENRY OF dramatic prominence, that the title of the
NAVARRE. *
work is to be explained. It is not principally
a history of the relations of the Huguenots to
In the third of his recently published Oxford
Henry of Navarre, but a history of the Hu-
lectures, the Bishop of Chester, Dr. Stubbs,
guenots during a period when Henry hap-
extends the right hand of fellowship and a
pened to be the most important personage,
cordial welcome to his American comrades in
the one whose career and character most nearly
the field of history. True, he gently chides
affected their own fortunes. A leader, he
them for a bad tendency to run off to Belgium
betrayed them for the sake of a crowd. A
and Spain for subjects; it “is a misfortune that
traitor, he used his new power to give them a
the earlier English history has not received its
more liberal charter of freedom than they had
share of attention in the United States.” As a
yet enjoyed, and under which they lived in
tribute to our mute inglorious Macaulays, Gar-
comparative security for a hundred years. A
diners, Froudes, our Freemans and Hallams
man of infinite contradictions; adorned by
and Stubbs, we can accept this opinion with
some of the noblest virtues of the man and
that bland and easy acquiescence with which
the statesman, yet disfigured by vices not less
people who have never done certain things
conspicuous; at one time a jovial, rollicking,
*THE HUGUENOTS AND HENRY OF NAVARRE. By Henry | dashing soldier of fortune, at another the reso-
lute and inflexible leader of a persecuted sect,
York. With maps. 2 vols. New York: Charles Scrib.
| now a stern believer who seems to prefer
M. Baird, Professor in the University of the City of New
Der's Sons.


220
[Jan.,
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even martyrdom to the sacrifice of his Prot will not the less always impair the effective-
estant opinions, now a wily, subtle and un ness of his writings. In another and perhaps
principled politician, calmly planning and a higher sense of the term style, the work has
executing a most disgraceful act of apos greater merits. First of all, the author has
tacy,—such a person is a serious problem complete command of his materials. Besides
alike for the historical artist and the histori the contemporary chroniclers, the official pub-
cal critic. Professor Baird's palette wants, lications, and the standard histories, he has con-
of course, those sharp, vivid and brilliant sulted the transactions of the leading Protest-
colors which Motley used with such effect. ant societies, the proceedings of the learned
He lacks, as do most other writers, Ranke's academies, and all other available sources of
power to paint a character with a few broad, information. He admits the reader to the
firm, masterly strokes, making the essential most complete knowledge of his authorities.
features the more prominent by the very neg. The only complaint on this score will be of
lect of details. But he evidently has himself that wholly unnecessary conscientiousness with
a clear and complete theory of Henry's nature which, after making a statement in the text,
and career; and a careful reading of the whole the author quotes in full the exact words of
work—though nothing less than this—will his authority, whether English, French, Ger-
enable one to discover what that theory is. man, Italian, or Latin. This is unnecessary.
In general his portrait would be called an un The reading world is bound to assume that a
favorable one-unfavorable, perhaps, beyond historian can correctly transcribe or translate
that of most Protestant writers. Thus, for an author whom he cites ; and his full duty
one thing, he insists strongly that the apostacy is usually discharged when he indicates the
of Henry was not an act of impulse or desper- sources of his information. Professor Baird's
ation, as he saw the hopelessness of his struggle practice in this respect, as in the further
against the pope, the king of Spain, and the habit of giving in connection with every im-
League; but a scheme planned years before, and portant statement a complete bibliography of
only requiring a suitable pretext or occasion for the subject, seems to be an imitation of Buckle.
its execution. This is unquestionably a view But he takes much too modest a view of his
which one may hold, and the author groups | own credit with critical scholars. He could
together many suspicious circumstances which afford to neglect the example of that fascinat-
give it support. But most of these will also ing amateur. It would have been much better,
bear a different construction. We cannot ad in our judgment, if the same amount of time
mit that Professor Baird has absolutely made and space had been used in explaining more
out his case. Indeed, after the remorseless clearly certain larger features of European
manner in which the author collects all the politics with which the Huguenots were
evidence of Henry's perfidy-his ostentatious closely connected,—the revolt of the Nether-
willingness to be instructed," his secret over lands, the character and policy of Philip II. of
tures to the pope, his neglect to seize military Spain, the relations of Elizabeth and England
advantages, his harsh replies to the Hugue-| to continental Protestantism. The familiarity
not remonstrances, his unfeeling treatment of of the reader with these is apparently assumed.
Duplessis-Mornay,-after the collection of all This is also, perhaps, to be explained by the
this fatal evidence, one is startled to find the amiable fault of excessive modesty, by an in-
author not passing a final condemnation upon willingness to suppose that Americans who
the culprit, but turning about to what is nearly cared to know about Spain and Holland, Philip
an acquittal, on the old and well-known grounds and Elizabeth, would not already have studied
of political expediency and ultimate good in Prescott and Motley. But there results not
tentions. The reader climbs patiently upward, the less a considerable loss of literary per-
until, when he thinks he is about to reach the spective.
climax, he is suddenly told that there is no cli Certain expressions of which the author is
max, or that it was left at the bottom of the singularly fond are open at least to remark.
literary structure.
One of these is “ghostly" consolation, which,
All this seems to suggest one or two further though intelligible of course to scholars, would
observations on the author's style. With the possibly mislead readers to whom the term
same characteristics which marked his earlier “spiritual consolation” would convey an un-
volumes, this work shows at the same time an equivocal meaning. Another is, “ Very Chris-
undoubted progress in literary workmanship; | tian King.” This is indeed the most literal
and yet the paragraphs, or more strictly speak translation of “ le roi très-Chrétien;" but the
ing the sentences, though usually clear and not | language of treaties and diplomacy bas firmly
inelegant, are fatally wanting in strength. Nor established “ The most Christian King” as
does this seem due to an excessive self-control, the current equivalent, and it seems unneces-
or to a passionless reserve, or to mere timid- / sary to adopt a different and less familiar one.
ity. It is a real rhetorical defect, which Prof. These are, however, questions of taste, and
Baird will possibly never overcome, and which | Prof. Baird has, of course, a right to adopt his


1887.)
221
THE DIAL
own usage. But one singular error must be paraphrases, select extracts, biographies, and
pointed out. The author is exposing the dis the numberless other rehashes that give em-
honesty of the League in its story of a pretended ployment to the literary caterers of the day.
meeting of German princes, or their represent May the advocates of the ancient classical
atives, to concoct a plan of war upon Cathol- ! education be justified in finding here a sign of
icism, and he refers to “ the singular blunder the insufficiency of the new education to train
of the forger in choosing Magdeburg for the | up a masculine race of intellects? And can
seat of the fictitious meeting, and yet not there be some ulterior significance in the fact
representing the Elector of Brandenburg, with- | that it was a eunuch who complained to Philip
in whose territories the city was situated, as of want of guidance in his reading? The
having taken part,” etc. The truth is, how volumes before us (except Mr. Rolfe's, which
ever, that the house of Brandenburg only is purely educational) find their reason for
received the eventual title to Magdeburg in existence in the fact, or the assumption, that
the treaty of Westphalia in 1648, more than Browning is a kind of foreign poet whose
half a century after the alleged meeting of works must be interpreted, translated, anno-
1584, and did not come into actual possession tated, and in every way levelled to the visual
of it until thirty years later. In ordinary cir angle of those whose education has included no
cumstances this would be a pardonable slip. initiation into the dialect in which he writes.
But when the discovery that Magdeburg be If it be true that the strong meat of Browning's
longed to the house of Brandenburg a whole thought is a cause of offence, we must not
century before the real time is brought for begrudge weaker stomachs their Browning
ward with exultation to disprove statements pap, and we must see to it that what they get
of the enemy, it becomes of some importance. is the pure unadulterated milk of the word.
Still, the present volumes are a satisfactory Of the four books, Professor Corson's is
continuation of a great work. Professor Baird the largest and the one to which it is natural
has the profound interest in his subject, the to look with the greatest degree of hope. The
generous sympathy with the people whose work consists of an introduction and thirty-
story he relates, which ensure warmth, vigor, three of Browning's poems which are provided
and animation of treatment; and yet his hatred with notes and arguments. It is prepared, say
of religious intolerance never betrays him into the publishers, to meet the wants of clubs,
neglect of the iron rules of historical evidence. private students, and advanced classes in liter-
If he errs at all, it is, as above suggested, ature. However well adapted to the use of
rather in a too nervous anxiety to have even teachers, it should be said at once that this is
his translations verified by the reader. The distinctly not a book for ordinary college
preface announces the author's purpose, in students. The arguments to the poems are
case these two volumes are favorably received, | made with rare judgment, and furnish much
to pursue the subject in a subsequent work material of interest to the reader who has
down to the revocation of the edict of Nantes. | previously grappled with the poems and made
We have no doubt that this encouragement them yield up the peculiar treasures they pos-
will be given, and that American scholarship sess for him. Many mature readers have
will add yet another chapter to the story of hitherto been repelled from Browning by real
the French Huguenots.
difficulties such as obstruct the way to the
HERBERT TUTTLE. inner sanctuary of every great poet's thought,
--difficulties that exist in Browning as they
-- - -- - -
exist in Æschylus, in Dante, and in Shakes-
peare, simply because, like these, Browning is
BOOKS ABOUT BROWNING.*
a deep and pregnant thinker. Such readers
To robust readers who find their account in may well be glad of some sort of a path up
learning Italian for the sake of Dante and
the rude steeps the poet has climbed and
German for the sake of Goethe, it seems a pity
whither he beckons all who can to follow him.
that there should be a public, apparently large,
Professor Corson gives us an explanation of
of English readers who know their own greatest
what he deems the most important features of
poets only through the medium of “primers," Browning's philosophy of life, and attempts to
lure us on by a body of not over-difficult selec-
* AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF ROBERT BROWN.
tions to the higher rewards of independent
ING'S POETRY. By Hiram Corson, LL.D., Professor of
Rhetoric and English Literature in the Cornell Univer.
study. The portions of the book likely to be
sity. Boston: D. C. Heath & Co.
the most useful are the poems with the notes
SELECT POEMS OF ROBERT BROWNING. Edited, with
and arguments, together with the chapters
Notes, by William J. Rolfe, A.M., and Heloise E. Hersey.
headed, respectively, “ Browning's Obscurity”
New York: Harper & Brothers.
BROWNING'S WOMEN. By Mary E. Burt. With an In.
and “Browning's Verse.”
troduction by Rev. Edward Everett Hale, D.D., LL.D. The principal chapter of the “ Introduc-
Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Co.
tion” bears the somewhat formidable title :
SORDELLO'S STORY RETOLD IN PROSE. By Annie Wall.
Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
“ The Idea of Personality and of Art as an


222
[Jan.,
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intermediate agency of Personality, as em stated with admirable freshness. For example:
bodied in Browning's Poetry.” Sympathetic “There was a time in the history of the Jews
and thoughtful as it is, it will probably be to in which, it is recorded, there was no open
the uninitiated harder reading than Browning vision. It can be said, emphatically, that in
himself. Originally intended to be read be the time of Charles II, there was no open
fore the Browning Society, it is obviously vision." And elsewhere : “ There are periods
addressed to adepts in Browning study, and is which are characterized by a blindness of
therefore somewhat out of place in a volume heart,' an inactive, quiescent condition of the
intended for novices. Probably, however, the spirit, by which the intellect is more or less
latter will require no invitation to prompt divorced from the essential, the eternal, and it
them to a little judicious skipping. The first directs itself to the shows of things.” Such
chapter, entitled “ The Spiritual Ebb and are the periods of spiritual ebb. Once more,
Flow exhibited in English Poetry from contrasting Tennyson's faith with that of his
Chaucer to Tennyson and Browning,” is by more masculine rival, Professor Corson gives
no means essential to the plan of the book. us the following excellent distinction : “But
It reads a little like the effusion of some pro it is, after all, not the vital faith which
fessor of metaphysical theology who had been Browning's poetry exhibits, a faith proceeding
looking up the history of English literature directly from the spiritual man. It is rather
with a view to the illustration of a pet theory. the faith expressed by Browning's Bishop
Its main thesis seems to be that the poetic Blougram :
faculty is identical with spirituality, with the
"With me faith means perpetual unbelief
corollary “that the relative merit and impor Kept quiet like the snake 'neath Michael's foot,
tance of different periods of a literature Who stands firm just because he feels it writhe.'”
should be determined by the relative degrees After all, it seems doubtful whether the
of spirituality which these different periods expository portions of this book are likely to
exbibit.” The essayist's want of sure critical gain for Browning any real students. Those
discrimination is displayed when he goes on possessed of the requisite mental vigor will
to apply his principle to particular cases. find metal more attractive in the poet himself,
“Chaucer,” he ayers, “exhibits, in a high and will prefer to do their own mining and
degree, this life of the spirit, and it is the smelting. Others will lay down Professor
secret of the charm which his poetry possesses Corson's book with headache and brain-ache,
for us after a lapse of five hundred years.” and will need no physician's mandate to pre-
Again: “The renewed spiritual life which set vent them from provoking their indisposition
in so strongly with Spenser, reached its in that way again.
springtide in Shakespeare.” With Milton With respect to the little volume of “Select
this spiritual tide begins to go out again, Poems of Robert Browning” which Mr. Rolfe,
reaching its “very lowest ebb” during the assisted by Miss Hersey, now adds to his
time of Charles the Second. Now the objec admirable series of “English Classics," there
tion to Professor Corson's peculiar use of the is more ground for a reasonable hope. Cer-
term “spiritual,” no matter how carefully he tainly the critical portion, which includes
defines it, is that it leads to confusion of within a score of pages some of the best things
thought. Surely no one not having an essay to said of the poet's genius by Lowell, Ruskin,
write or an address to deliver would think of Furnivall, Dowden, Swinburne, John Morley,
ranking Chaucer and Shakespeare among the and others, is of far greater value, either
most spiritual of our poets. Surely spirituality, intrinsically or educationally, than the labored
in its proper sense, is the very element they studies of Professor Corson. These critical
lack. Think of calling Marlowe, say in his selections are skilfully made to bring out in
“Edward the Second," a great spiritual poet, strong relief all the salient features of Brown-
and that, too, in the same sense in which ing's art. Thus, Grant White treats of his
Browning's “Sordello" is spiritual! And yet originality, John Morley of his manly robust-
this is what Professor Corson must do—and ness, Lowell of his dramatic art, Dowden of
really does do, by implication,—or relinquish the exhilarating aspiration and boundless hope
his use of the term. With the relinquishment which pervade him, Milsand of his power of
of this word and the substitution of the word subordinating a subtle philosophical faculty
“poetical,” however, the bottom falls out of to a triumphant imagination, Swinburne of the
the whole essay, for no one is much advanced obscurity with which the purblind charge him.
by the information that Chaucer is more The selections, twenty in number, are on the
poetical than Gower, and Shakespeare than Dr. whole more readily comprehensible than Pro-
Johnson.
fessor Corson's, and are therefore better
This radical superficiality apart, the essay adapted to the purpose of such a book. In
still remains worth reading, if only for the the two books only four of the selections are
promotion of wholesome dissent, and it will identical: “My Star," “Prospice,” “The
be found to contain some good old thoughts | Bishop Orders his Tomb at St. Praxed's


1887.)
223
THE DIAL
Church,” and “Rabbi Ben Ezra." It is to be But let us not prefer the comfortable fire-
noted in favor of Mr. Rolfe's selection that he side of the inn to the far-twinkling light of
includes the poet's address to Mrs. Browning home. Such books, however taking, are but
“One Word More," and that incomparable means to an end,—that end, the comprehen-
masterpiece “Childe Roland to the Dark sion of the great poet who has succeeded
Tower Came." Professor Corson's longest , in giving imaginative interpretation to a
selection is “The Flight of the Duchess," wider range of thought than any other in
which is more than offset by “Pippa Passes” | modern times save Goethe, and who, in deep,
in Rolfe. To complete the contrast, Mr. Rolfe sure insight into the human soul, is equalled —
leaves the reader to construct the arguments one dare not say surpassed-by Shakespeare
of the poems for himself, and, by massing his alone. His “Pauline” was published some
explanations at the end of the book, keeps fifty-four years ago, and yet is his poetic eye
them from annoying those who have no use undimmed and his spirit's strength unabated.
for them.
Professor Corson gives us a long list, although
It was an excellent thought in Miss Burt to but a partial one, of books and articles upon
group in a series of studies all the poet's de- | Browning, and all signs indicate that his
lineations of feminine character, and the result splendid star is still at its dawning. Whole-
is not without value as a census of the fair somest, manliest, happiest of poets! May his
population of this new territory of the ideal light (say not his shadow, for he casts none)
kingdom. This little volume is evidently the never grow less.
fruit of loving devotion, and is not lacking in
MELVILLE B. ANDERSON.
the insight the brain owes to the heart. The
------ Ford
stories of the various characters are simply
and pleasantly related, and the style is good. A NEW HISTORY OF THE FRENCH
Occasionally a jarring note is produced by the
REVOLUTION.*
intrusion of some bit of personal or provincial
Mr. Stephens justifies himself in writing a
morality. Thus of “ James Lee's Wife”: “The
only fault we can find in her character is that
new history of the French Revolution from
the fact that a vast amount of literature re-
she clings to the faithless husband and cannot
at once resign herself to the loss of the love
lating to the Revolution has grown up in
which had sought hers.” Again, of the woman
France during the last few years, and valuable
historical material has recently become acces-
of the Inn Album: “Many Browning students
make it a point in her favor that, on finding
sible, which will enable the historian to present
a clearer and more satisfactory account of this
herself betrayed, she did not seek out the
period than has yet appeared. He proposes to
young man and avail herself of his love and
embody the results of his study in three vol-
fortune, while involving him in her own
entanglement.” Quite apart from the con-
umes covering the period from the summon-
ing of the States-General to the downfall of the
sideration that without the characteristics
Directory, of which series the first volume,
referred to in these two passages, the heroines
and even the poems would have been incon-
giving the events of the first two years of
the Revolution, has just appeared.
ceivable, the introduction of reflections so out
In his American preface Mr. Stephens is
of keeping with the vigorous tone of Browning
careful to tell us that “my efforts have been
is a literary mistake. It is, however, not so
received with the kindest, most flattering, and
frequently made as to impair the general
most unanimous approval by the English re-
attractiveness of a book which seems well
viewers,” to which he adds the hope “that
adapted to allure the women who read it to a
American reviewers will find it in their power
first-hand study of its sources.
to do likewise.” In this preface, as throughout
“The Story of Sordello" retold in prose by
Annie Wall is the handsomest of the books be-
the volume, the influence of the American
fore us. The excellent handiwork of printer and
Constitution upon the ideas of the Revolution
publisher does not, however, surpass the beauty
is undervalued, though he notes that the
French people had such unbounded admiration
of the contents. The tangled skein of Brown-
for the founders of the American Republic
ing's verse is here unbraided and laid straight
that “the Constituent Assembly decreed three
in smooth and lithesome prose, while the pro-
fundity of his thought is by no means wholly
days of public mourning for Benjamin
Franklin when he died at Auteuil in April
sacrificed. There is a useful historical intro-
1790.” That Franklin did not die at Auteuil ·
duction and a study of the character of Sor-
is well known to those familiar with his biog-
dello. As beauty is its own excuse for being,
raphy, but it is due Mr. Stephens to say that
no exception need be taken to this charming
book; indeed, one reviewer has gone the length
this is an exceptional instance to the usual ac-
curacy of his book. The original preface is
of admitting that he had rather read this than
the original.
*THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. By H. Morse Stephens.
New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.


224
[Jan.,
THE DIAL
not one of the least valuable features of the
work, containing as it does a brief critical
bibliography of the histories and historical
material relating to the Revolution, which
bibliography is of advantage to one who
would make a thorough study of this period.
Mr. Stephens's history is an able digest of this
vast collection of material, and his painstaking
efforts are to be commended. His greatest
fault is that not enough care bas been taken to
distinguish between the importance of persons
and events of greater and those of lesser mo-
ment. It is not a good work with which to
begin the study of the Revolution. It lacks
the succinct and clear treatment of Mignet, so
necessary for a proper comprehension by the
student; but as a reference book for teachers
it is admirable and in many respects unequalled.
The French Revolution is not only interest-
ing to students of history as such, but also to
students of politics, for during that eventful
period expression was given to nearly every
known form of socialism and democracy.
Blanc's socialistic views and Thiers's political
bias mar their works; while one of the chief
merits of Mr. Stephens's history, judging from
this first volume, is that it is remarkably free
from such faults. His accounts of the theories
advanced and reforms attempted are generally
clear and unbiased. A large portion of this
volume is devoted to biographical sketches of
the leading spirits of this period of the Revo-
lution, which, though the conclusions as to
their motives are not always just, are of much
value. Like Carlyle, he does not hesitate to
express his contempt for Lafayette, whom he
characterizes as vain, ambitious, unprincipled,
and without the essentials of either a general
or statesman. Mirabeau is ranked as the great-
est statesman of his age and the greatest
financier of the Revolution. The discussion
of the Church in France and the influence of
Diderot, Voltaire, and Rousseau; the account
of the relations between Mirabeau and the
Court drawn chiefly from the correspondence
of Mirabeau with La Marck, first published in
1851; and the statement of the financial
difficulty, its origin, growth, and results, are
worthy of special notice. The spread of revo-
lutionary principles throughout France, the
provinces, and the colonies; the moral, social,
and financial condition of the people; the
character of the journalism of the time; the
influence of the clubs and cercles, and the
work of the Assembly, are treated at length.
Throughout the work constant references are
made to original sources. While no fine writ-
ing has been attempted, yet the treatment of
the subject is both interesting and pleasing,
and Mr. Stephens's history will doubtless be
classed as a standard authority on the French
Revolution. The forthcoming volumes will
be awaited with interest. C. L. Smith.
MEXICO, ANCIENT AND MODERN.*
Of the history and present condition of our
neighboring republic of Mexico, Americans
know less, probably, than of any other civilized
state. Its history, unlike that of the nations
of the Old World, is very little or not at all
associated with that of other nations, except
Spain. Its frequent and seldom bloodless
revolutions, and its bandit-infested highways,
have led all travellers, except the more adven-
turous, to shun it. “ The noblest prospect
which a Scotchman ever sees,” said Samuel
Johnson, “is the high road that leads him to
England." The high roads leading to Mexico
have not afforded, until quite recently, any
noble or attractive prospect. As, however,
revolutions are going out of fashion in this
oft revolutionized country, and as railroad
lines are now constructed so that the traveller
has easy, safe, and quick access to almost
every place of interest in the republic, the
high roads to Mexico now offer attractions to
American or Scotchman or Englishman than
which few are more inviting. And these
roads are beginning to be thronged. Tourists
in increasing numbers from year to year are
traversing in every part this country which,
for antiquity, is the Egypt or the Palestine of
the New World; which almost equals them
in the extent, variety, and interesting charac-
ter of its ruins, and far surpasses them in the
grandeur and magnificence of its scenery, and
in the tropical variety and abundance of its
natural productions.
A fact which is a sign of quickened interest
in Mexico, and which will still further stimulate
that interest, is the appearance, almost simul-
taneously, of three important and valuable
volumes relating to that country. The first of
these is the only compact, trustworthy and
popular history of the ancient Aztecs which
is accessible to English readers. Prescott's
account of this people in the introduction to
his work on “The Conquest of Mexico" is full
as a sketch, but not complete as a history.
It is only what it claims to be, an introduction
to the history of the Conquest. Mr. Hubert
Howe Bancroft's Mexico is elaborate and
exhaustive, but his account of the history,
religion, manners and customs of the Aztecs
is distributed through several volumes of his
magna opera, “The Native Races of the
Pacific States” and “The History of the
* THE AZTECS; THEIR HISTORY, MANNERS, AND CUS.
TOMS. From the French of Lucien Biart. Authorized
translation by J. L. Garner. Chicago: A. C. McClurg &
Company.
MEXICO OF TO.DAY. By Solomon Bulkley Griffin. Illus.
trated. New York: Harper & Brothers.
A STUDY OF MEXICO, By David A. Wells, LL.D., D.C.L.,
Membre Correspondant de l'Institut de France; Cor.
respondente della Reale Academia de' Liucei, Italia;
Honorary Member of the Statistical Society of London,
etc. Reprinted, with Additions, froin the Popular Science
Monthly. New York: D. Appleton & Company.


1887.]
225
THE DIAL
Pacific States." Upon the preparation of these The late Lord Beaconsfield was once asked
volumes Mr. Bancroft has bestowed immense if there was any difference of meaning in the
labor and patient and thorough research. But words mischance and misfortune. After a
his works are voluminous and expensive; they moment's reflection, the Liberal-hating Tory
embrace vastly more than a history of the replied, “I think there is, but I can better
Aztecs, and hence they do not answer the illustrate than define it. For instance, if Mr.
purpose of a manual or standard work distinct Gladstone should fall into the Thames, it
ively upon this subject. There was no such would be a mischance; but if anyone should
work in English previous to the appearance pull him out, it would be a misfortune.” It
of the volume now under notice. Mr. Garner was both a mischance and a misfortune that
has, therefore, done a substantial service to Cortes conquered Mexico. It was a mischance,
the reading public by translating into excellent for he could never have done it except as he
English this work from the French. M. Biart, succeeded in winning a vast allied force to
its author, is a distinguished scholar and sci reinforce his little insignificant army. It was
entist. A residence of twenty-five years in a misfortune, for it overthrew a great empire,
Mexico, and a thorough study, during this and erected upon its ruins the brutal and
time, of all accessible works relating to the bloody tyranny of an alien power, which was
Aztec race and civilization, gave him an admir perpetuated for three hundred years. The
able preparation for the task which he has well greatness and the splendor of the empire that
performed. His work is not padded with was overthrown are vividly portrayed in the
cumbersome and unimportant details, nor is it pages of M. Biart. He has given us a history
condensed to the extent of omitting any fact which, while adapted to the general reader,
essential to an adequate and correct view of appeals also to the scholar and the archæolo-
the character and the civilization of this ancient gist, since it is endowed with all the graces of
people. The growth of the Aztec empire from modern scholarship and illustrated by the
its humble beginning until its boundaries were philosophical spirit of our age. The publish-,
extended so as to become nearly coterminous ers have given to the English translation a
with those of the present republic, is rapidly beautiful dress, which in paper, type, and
sketched. Through the patience, courage, binding, leaves nothing to be desired. The
energy and ability of the Aztec kings, a large volume has a good index, and only lacks-a
number of independent tribes, though of very serious deficiency-a good historical map.
kindred race, were conquered and consolidated There is no good reason why modern Mexico
into one vast prosperous and powerful empire. I should not be on a level in intelligence, in
To this historical sketch, which ends with a wealth, and in all the arts and ministries of
very brief account of the overthrow of the civilized life, with the United States, except
empire by the Spaniards, the first five chapters that which is found in the fact that for three
of M. Biart's work are devoted. In the re hundred years she was subjected to the bigoted
maining twelve chapters we have a description and blighting rule of Spain. The two repub-
of the Aztec cosmogony, of their idols and lics, lying side by side—the poorer and less
idol worship, of their human sacrifices, their civilized being much older as a nation than the
social and domestic customs, their methods of stronger and more prosperous-illustrate the
education, their laws and judicial tribunals, different results of uniform good government
their military institutions, their agriculture, and long continued misgovernment. The
trades, arts, language, literature, and hiero remarkable contrast between the condition of
glyphic paintings. This part of the work is the Mexican people to-day and the condition
exceedingly interesting and instructive. It of the people of this country will be strikingly
presents the picture of a civilization which manifest to all who read Mr. Griffin's “Mexico
Cortes found there, and which in many respects of To-Day” or Mr. Wells's “Study of Mex-
must be adjudged to be higher and better than ico.” Mr. Griffin's work is a reproduction of
that which he introduced in its place. If the a series of letters which first appeared in the
Spaniard had come in the power as he did in paper of which he is the editor—the Spring-
the name of the religion he professed, his field (Mass.) “ Republican.” Having travelled
conquest, bringing to an end, as it did, the through the country, it is evident that he im-
barbarous rites of a cruel idolatrous worship, proved his opportunities by carefully studying
would have been the emancipation of the the industrial, social, political, commercial, edu-
Aztecs. Instead of this, it was a new enslave cational and moral conditions of the people.
ment to other and almost equally debasing He has given the results of his observations in
superstitions. Humboldt fairly expressed the a very readable volume. Into his generally
change which was wrought, when he wrote: sober narrative he weaves many historical
“ Dogma has not succeeded to dogma, but facts, interesting incidents of travel, and bits
ceremony to ceremony. The natives know of clever description of natural scenery. But
nothing of religion but the external forms of it was no part of his purpose to write a book
worship.” To this day this is largely true. I of travel. His aim was rather, as he says, “to


226
THE DIAL
[Jan.,
-- - --- --- ---
exhibit the country, the climate, the people, ment each other. The most interesting chap-
their politics, their life, and their national ters in Mr. Wells's volume are those in which
outlook, exactly as they all united to impress he describes the Spanish colonial policy in
an unprejudiced observer from the United Mexico, and the American war of invasion and
States." Much of the information which Mr. spoliation; the government and social forces
Griffin communicates he did not need to go to of the country; manufactures in Mexico, tax-
Mexico to acquire, and probably did not there ation, the federal budget, and the present and
acquire, but obtained from cyclopædias and prospective political relations of the United
the works of others relating to the country. States and Mexico. He makes a strong and
He is not, however, a mere compiler, or earnest plea for commercial reeiprocity, and
“gatherer of other men's stuff," but an in forcibly presents and urges the claims of
dependent observer, a careful and critical Mexico on the kindly sympathies of this
student of the problems of society and govern- country. The international lines of railroad
ment, and of the conditions which surround which bind the two countries together seem
business, as he saw them in the course of his to require the removal of trade restrictions,
travels. Of the politics of Mexico, of taxation and the ratification of the long pending reci-
and mining interests, of journalism and diplo- ' procity treaty, which, if it were enacted, would
macy, and of the influence of young men in not, as Mr. Wells says, make commercial in-
politics, Mr. Griffin writes with an intelligence tercourse between the two nations necessary,
and with a fulness of information which but only free. Such a treaty would probably
would hardly be attainable except by a per do much to stimulate enterprise and increase
sonal visit to the country and a study of the wealth in Mexico, while we ourselves would
institutions and life of the people on the also be gainers by it. Many signs indicate
ground. Mr. Griffin is hopeful of the future that Mexico has already entered upon a new
of Mexico. He does not, however, anticipate era of prosperity and growth, which, though
that the country will soon take its place among they may not be rapid, will be steady and
the rich and powerful and progressive nations sure. Among these signs are a liberal and
of the earth. The people are slow to adopt stable government; awakened interest in edu-
new customs, and to learn how to handle im cation; immigration; the rapid construction
proved implements and machinery which in of railroads; growing revolt at the corruptions
our country are made to do so much of the of the dominant church, with consequent
work that needs to be done. The tenacity weakening of ecclesiastical tyranny; and im-
with which they cling to old habits may be proved methods and implements of manufact-
seen in the fact that when an American plough ure and of husbandry.
is introduced the peon using it thinks it unfit No other three books can be named which
for service until he has cut off one of its han so well describe the Mexico of the Aztecs and
dles, thus making it as much like his old the Mexico of to-day, as the three which have
wooden stick as possible. Education must here been noticed. Those who are contem-
become more general, and the land, which is plating a journey to that most interesting
now owned by less than ten thousand of the country would do well to read these volumes
ten million inhabitants, must be divided among beforehand, that they may be well furnished
the people into small holdings, before Mexico | for their travels. GEORGE C. NoYES.
can enter upon a career of any considerable
progress. Mr. Griffin assigns to American
- -------- -
Protestant missions an important part to play
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
in the development of the country through the
education and elevation of the people. The "The Republic of New Haven Conn.); a His-
least satisfactory part of his book is that tory of Municipal Evolution," by Charles H. Lever-
wherein he discusses the share which our more, Ph.D., is an extra volume in the admirable
country should have in Mexico's future. This series of the “Johns Hopkins University Studies in
is weak and inconclusive; for' while he favors
Historical and Political Science." Great credit is
commercial reciprocity between the United
due Prof. Herbert B. Adams, who is the editor of
the series, for the inspiration and judicious direction
States and Mexico, he does not give any of the
he has given the young men of that University in
strong reasons for the measure by which he
their historical and political studies. He has turned
could and should have fortified his position. their attention almost exclusively to the study of
· Mr. Wells, in "A Study of Mexico," trav American subjects, and to investigation from origi-
erses much the same ground as that pursued nal sources. It is a remarkable fact that such a
by Mr. Griffin. His book is interesting as
series of historical papers as the “Johns Hopkins
showing how differently two thoughtful and
University Studies” should have been written by
young men; for they show a thoroughness of re-
observing travellers will view the same objects.
search, a familiarity with original documents, and
In respect of many things, each writer confirms historical insight. which are rarely found in the
the conclusions of the other, and where they veteran writers of our American annals. They form
do not traverse the same ground they supple. I almost a new school of historical writing, whose


1887.)
227
THE DIAL
tendency and methods cannot be too highly com- of practical economics. Scarcely less important is
mended. The volume before us furnishes a good the sketch of “Coöperative Profit-sharing in the
illustration of this statement. Many books have Pillsbury Mills." These mills—the largest flour.
been written about New Haven, Conn., but no book mills in the world—whose business is so enormous
will give the reader so good an idea of what New as to require something like two millions of flour-
Haven was during two centuries and a half as this. barrels annually (mainly produced at the coöperative
Its real purpose, however, is something more than shops), began, four or five years ago, a voluntary
a simple narrative of events; it is designed to be a experiment in profit-sharing among their employees;
constitutional history of a New England township the amount divided being determined by the success
and of the evolution which went on from one form of the year's business. At the end of the first year
of society and local government to another. For under this proposal, the workmen admitted to it
the first two or three years the colony seemed to were surprised and delighted at receiving checks for
have no laws, except the “laws of God," and no sums averaging about $400. This was, of course,
local government except the paternal advice of in addition to their regular wages. The next year
John Davenport, the minister, and Theophilus a still larger number of workmen were admitted to
Eaton, a layman, who claimed no privileges and the arrangement, and the distribution was again
ruled by the law of love. Then came the town. | liberal, the ratio of profits to wages being about as
meeting, where freemen had an equal vote, and the one dollar to three. The experiment has proved
freemen were the church-members. Davenport dis so satisfactory that it is the intention of the pro-
avowed any intention to form a union of church prietors to make the system permanent. The results
and state, and insisted that they should have dif have shown a marked improvement in the efficiency
ferent officers, rules, and jurisdiction. He claimed of the workmen, and in their moral, mental, and
that church-members were not made freemen because physical condition. Lest some of our hyper-sensitive
they were church-members, but because, standing Forthodox” economists—those by whom political
in that relation, they were presumed to be trust economy is held in repute chiefly as a form of intel-
worthy. The church was organized by choosing lectual exercise-should at this point suspect some
twelve persons who should select seven of their insidious motive of philanthropy in this experiment,
own number, called pillars, to be the nucleus of the we hasten to relieve their anxietude by adding
new church; and these admitted other members on that the proprietorg disclaim any charitable purpose,
examination. By common consent, Mr. Eaton was and are quite satisfied to find that the profit-sharing
made Governor, with four deputies to assist him. system pays, judged from the standpoint of their
Such other officers were appointed as were necessary, own business interests. This fact is, of course,
and a new state began its career. Massachusetts was practically the most important one that Dr. Shaw
organized under a royal charter, and Rhode Island has to offer. “Few employers,” he says, “are in
under a patent from the Long Parliament; but New a position to do business on any system that handi-
Haven purely by compact, or social contract, its caps them in the fierce struggle of competition.
people agreeing to associate and conjoyn ourselves | Milling for the markets of the world is a business
to be one public state or commonwealth.” The in which competition is keen and margins are very
freemen of New Haven signed their names to their close. It is worth while to have the testimony of
voluntary compact, and required “all planters here the most successful merchant millers of this or any
after received should testify the same by subscribing country that coöperative profit-sharing is a satisfac-
their names." A government based on a citizenship tory and advantageous system.” We commend Dr.
composed wholly of church-members soon brought Shaw's pamphlet to all students of labor questions,
trouble, as Mr. Davenport's method of protecting as one of uncommon interest and timeliness. It is
the state was by guarding the portals of the church. based upon an exhaustive personal study of the va-
Cotton Mather, commenting on this fact, said: “Mr. rious matters treated, and is written with that
Davenport used the golden snuffers of the sanctuary clearness and vigor which characterize the author's
overmuch.” How the state modified and liberalized style.
its laws, what the manners and customs of the people
were at different periods, what offshoots were made
Our knowledge of the kingdom of the Shah has
from the original colony, and how the state devel been exceedingly limited hitherto, and dependent
oped from one form of local government to another. I principally upon the reports of the occasional tour-
are the topics which are very ably treated in the
ists who, from necessity or an inordinate curiosity,
work.
have incurred the dangers and discomforts of
travel in a distant and semi-civilized Asiatic prov.
THE fourth number of the Publications of the ince. The opinion of the government and the peo-
American Economic Association is devoted to a very | ple derived from such sources has been extremely
full account of “Coöperation in a Western City,” by unfavorable. The government has been depicted
Dr. Albert Shaw. The Western city is Minneapolis, in the odious light of an oriental despotism; its
Minn. Something like a dozen coöperative move- l subjects have been endowed with the debased traits
ments are described, the most important being that which characterize the victims of a prolonged and
of the coopers, of whom there are nearly eight unrestricted tyranny; and the country has been
hundred in that city. The coöperative movement described as rich in varied natural resources, but
among these handicraftsmen was begun in 1868, and undeveloped, barbarous, and almost wholly desti.
has progressed from small beginnings until now a tute of conveniences and facilities for commerce
majority of the coopers are employed in coöperative and travel. Mr. S. G. W. Benjamin, the first
shops, and the system is no longer an experiment. American minister to the court of the Shah, has
The movement is, as Dr. Shaw points out, the most quite another story to tell in his work on “Persia
important illustration of successful industrial co and the Persians” (Ticknor & Co.) His residence
öperation which this country has furnished; and at Teheran from 1883 to 1885, and his relations with
hence its history is of very great value in a study official circles as the representative of the United


228
[Jan.,
THE DIAL
States, gave him peculiar opportunities for observ. tion regarding the relation of insects to flowers in
ing the better side of the country and the people. effecting cross-fertilization, he watched the work of
Mr. Benjamin was welcomed very cordially into the a bee and a wasp from a few minutes after four
dominions of the Shah, and treated with unusual o'clock in the morning until 7:46 in the evening.
favor during his stay by the monarch and his minis- | During these sixteen hours the wasp toiled without
ters. His attention was occupied by the most a moment's respite, making 116 visits to a deposit
agreeable matters, as appears from his narrative, of honey and bearing back to its nest each time all
those which might present an ugly aspect being it could carry. The bee began the day later and
passed over with slight or excusing comment. He ended it sooner than the wasp, and yet fully justified
has, for example, no severer censure for an atro its claim to the attribute of industry. The results
cious act of slaughter ordered by the oldest son of of this single observation, as carefully noted by Sir
the Shah, the governor of Ispahan, than that “he John, were worth their cost to him; but how large
acted in bad taste in selecting such a method for a portion of his days must be given to such unre-
venting his spite. It is always 'bad form,' to say mitting study in order to accumulate the new and
the least, for the strong to exercise too much overt important facts he from time to time contributes to
force in dealing with the weak." The term “bad the life-history of different animals and plants. In
form" applied to the heinous crime described by his study of seeds, Sir John has arrived at the con-
Mr. Benjamin excites unmitigated disgust. His viction that primitive man had a keener faculty for
further attempts to palliate this and other flagrant discerning colors than is usually ascribed to him by
deeds of the Persian rulers related in the chapter scientific authorities. If the bird and the quadru-
on “Nasr-ed-deen Shah and the Royal Family" ped distinguish the bright tints of ripe fruits amid
weaken the confidence of the reader in his judg. the foliage surrounding them, why should it not be
ment and good sense. The chapter on the arts of inferred, he remarks, that man in his most sav-
Persia is specially valuable, conveying as it does age state was endowed with a similar capacity? In
a new and surprising conception of the strong æs seeking an explanation for the almost infinite forms
thetic sense, the patient industry and the dextrous, of leaves, Sir John suggests that primarily palmate
manipulation exhibited by the people in their archi leaves may have been heart-shaped, and, by adapta-
tecture, painting, decorative arts, etc. The account tion to changing circumstances, have developed
of the Passion-Play of Persia " is very interesting, their present type. This and other original proposi-
as is also the record of the products and trade of | tions advanced by the author in the pages of his
the country, its laws and political situation. Mr. small but pithy treatise start fruitful lines of in-
Benjamin is decidedly inimical to the policy of the quiry. Nothimg he says in this popular work is
Czar. He acknowledges frankly that Russia has beyond the comprehension of the unscientific reader,
the same right of conquest in Asia which England and even children would be entertained by the
has enjoyed, but he condemns the methods by curious information it imparts.
which she accomplishes her inexorable purposes.
The prejudices arising from his exceptional experi The “International Education Series” (Apple-
ence in Persia are visible here as in other portions ton), of which Dr. William T. Harris is the editor in
of his narrative. Despite the one-sidedness of his something more than the ordinary sense, includes
views, however, Mr. Benjamin has much that is the work of Rosenkranz upon “ The Philosophy of
novel and instructive to relate of this new and Education " as the third of its issues. The trans-
nearly unknown land. His volume is published in lation, which is the work of Anna C. Brackett,
holiday form, with an ornate cover and beautiful appeared originally in the “Journal of Speculative
engravings. A portrait of the author faces the Philosophy," and was afterwards reprinted in a
title-page.
small edition and as a separate volume. It has
now been revised by the editor, and furnished with
Some of the wonderful and beautiful contrivances an elaborate analysis and commentary. We cannot
by which plants attain the conditions necessary to regard the work as of any great value, for the
their existence and to the perpetuation of their simple reason that it is developed upon the lines of
species, are described by Sir John Lubbock in a a philosophical system which was always pernicious
little volume in Macmillan's “Nature Series" enti- and which is now practically obsolete. It is as
tled “Flowers, Fruits, and Leaves." The first two Hegelian as might be expected from the fact that
chapters are devoted to a consideration of the varied its author and its editor have been the leading ex-
morphology of flowers and the reasons for the curi ponents of the philosophy of Hegel in their respect-
ous diversity which exists in the form and color and ive countries; and this is equivalent to saying that
action of these central organs in different plants. it is in the highest degree artifical, that it does not
The next two chapters evolve matter of almost reckon with the achieved results of the real intel-
equal interest in treating of the manifold structure lectual movement of the century, and that it is
of seeds, and the strange devices by which they are written, both as to text and commentary, in that
scattered abroad and the chances furthered of their needlessly uncouth jargon which it is not the most
finding a favorable spot to strike root, grow, and trifling of the sins of Hegelianism to have imposed,
bear seed in their turn. Two chapters more are at least in Germany, upon a large majority of the
occupied with a study of the shape and arrange serious writers of an entire generation. It may be
ment of leaves, with a view to discovering the safely claimed,” says Dr. Harris, "that no obscurity
cause of their endless variety of outline and dis remains except such as is due to the philosophic
position. An idea is prevalent of the patient inves depth and generality of the treatment," Since the
tigation by which men of science like Sir John term “philosophic depth" is with Dr. Harris
Lubbock increase our knowledge of the physical synonymous with what most clear-headed thinkers
world; but few distinctly understand the extent to call Hegelian shallowness or intellectual charlatan-
which these labors are protracted, In one instance, ism, this remark may be characterized as misleading
Sir John states casually that in order to test a ques- in the extremne. There are very few people now


1889.)
229
THE DIAL
left in the world who mistake the Hegelian dialect of lessons in art criticism, pointing out distinctive
for the language of philosophic thought; but this traits and merits in every work and helping the
mistaken notion is with Dr. Harris the fundamental observer to an intelligent and just estimate of its
postulate. "Mind is in itself free; but, if it does worth. The externals of the volume, which is a
not actualize this possibility, it is in no true sense folio in size, do credit to its publishers (Cassell & Co.)
free, either for itself or for another,” “Without
life, mind has no phenomenal reality; without The right of Susanna Wesley to be admitted into
cognition, no genuine-i. e., conscious—will; and the “Famous Women Series" (Roberts) is more
without will, no self-confirmation of life and of than dubious. She herself would scarcely have
cognition." How familiar this all is, and how | claimed it. It is only as the mother of John and
meaningless, or, stripped of verbiage, how trivial Charles Wesley that interest attaches to her
in its meaning. And how skilfully we are led, by history. She was a remarkable women, yet she did
the old tricks of the master-juggler so well imitated no work and filled no position which gave her fame
by his disciple, to the theological conclusions which in her day or has made her widely known to pos-
form so necessary a part of the philosophy of the terity. She was of gentle birth, but as the wife of a
“Philosophieprofessoren,” and which are so singu thriftless, testy, improvident, song-singing minister
larly out of place in a modern work on education. of the Established Church, she was condemned to
a life of poverty, hardship, and obscurity. She was
THE gallery of “American Art" with text by S. the twenty-fifth and youngest child of her father,
R. Koehler, is one of the few volumes-de-luxe of the and in twenty years after her marriage had borne
holiday season which have a solid and lasting value. her husband nineteen children. Her story during
Unlike most works of its class, the letter-press this period is easily divined, but the cheerfulness
rivals the illustrations in importance, and invites and courage with which she surmounted the trials
as close and repeated study. Mr. Koehler writes of of her lot form the wonderful part of it. We hear
art in America with a seriousness, an understanding, of no complaints; there is undiminished love for the
and an appreciation, which give dignity to his sub husband who lacked skill and tact to provide com-
ject and a high didactic character to his reflections. forts for herself and little ones; and there is a per-
His remarks have a scope which includes not only sistent heroic effort to supply to the latter the care
the æsthetic side of his theme, but the philosophic and nurture of a father and mother in her own per-
and ethical sides also. He reviews the aims and son. For many years she taught her children six
accomplishments of American artists during the past hours a day with the regularity and method of the
decade, the beginning of which was marked by the most rigidly disciplined school. At times during
notable exhibition of the National Academy in 1877. her husband's prolonged absences she held religious
In the pictures then “hung on the line" there was services in her house on Sunday, which were so
an evidence of new life, of vigorous talent, of largely attended as to provoke remonstrances from
technical skill, of ambitious and diversified en the incumbent of the parish, who saw his church
deavor, which announced that the revival of art, emptied by the superior power of her pious minis-
started in Europe half a century before, had ai | trations. Mrs. Wesley's creed was of the stern
last created an effective movement in our land. cast which prevailed in her time, but it was a liv-
Premonitions of the awakening of our artists to new ing faith, inspiring and sustaining her conduct and
motives and methods had not been wanting in pre teachings. When her distinguished sons inaugu-
vious years. W. M. Hunt, as Mr. Koehler states, rated the great schism in the Church of England
was the first to open the way, by his words and which resulted in the foundation of a new sect, she
works, for the progress of modern painting. But joined them through sincere conviction. A number
with the return of the “Munich men,” Walter Shir of her children died in infancy, and, despite her
law, Mr. Frank Dureneck, Mr. W. M. Chase, and faithful care, one of her daughters went astray, and
others, the forward step was boldly taken. All the most of them made unhappy marriages. Mrs. Wesley
promise of that era has not been fulfilled; but the lived to the age of seventy-three, active, loving and
failure, Mr. Koehler truthfully says, is not to be beloved to the last. Her biographer, Eliza Clarke,
referred to the artists themselves. It is the result has done fairly well in the accomplishment of her
of the attitude which the American public assumes task. There were no sensational events in the life
toward American painters. It does not recognize of Mrs. Wesley which could be wrought into an
their talent, it does not encourage them to do their exciting narrative. It is her strong, upright, resolute
best work. Their pictures which receive praise and character which makes her story impressive and
prizes in the European salons, find few purchasers points it with a valuable moral. It is said that
among their own countrymen. Disheartened, they great men are indebted for their eminent endow.
are tempted to lower their aims, and, forced by ne ments to their mothers. The statement is verified
cessity, devote themselves to “pot-boilers" mainly, in the case of Susanna Wesley.
or cultivate notoriety by developing mannerisms
and eccentricities. Despite the lack of merited MR. CHARLES ELIOT NORTON'S collection of
patronage at home, American art has made a strik “ The Early Letters of Thomas Carlyle” (Macmil-
ing advance in right directions, as the illustrations lan) includes the earliest existing specimens of his
in Mr. Koehler's collection sufficiently demonstrate. correspondence, the period covered being 1814 to
These consist of etchings and engravings after 1826. The letters were written to various members
paintings by twenty-five of our ablest artists, in- of Carlyle's family, and to his boyhood friends,
cluding Shirlaw, Chase, Blashfield, Bridgman, | James Johnstone, Robert Mitchell, and Thomas
Murphy, Vedder, Moran, Thayer, Brown, Church, Murray. In all of them the writer discloses an
Gifford, Homer, Ulrich, etc. Each is represented open, honest, ambitious, manly, affectionate nature,
by a single example skilfully reproduced on stone or set with a dogged resolve to do its work in the
copper. Mr. Koehler's discriminating and thought- world boldly and bravely in the face of every ob-
ful comments on the several pictures furnish a series stacle. It is the noblest and the truest picture


230
Jan.,
THE DIAL
heretofore given of the great man; for there is valuable element to his autobiography, which was
evidence that now for the first time we have his published in his later years and attained an im-
ungarbled utterances which declare indubitably the mediate popularity. The translation, by E. Pe-
elements of his disposition and the character of his ruzzi, is introduced to American readers by W. W.
relations with those nearest and dearest to him. Story, who speaks with sincere admiration of the
A few of his letters to Jane Welsh during the five work and the life of Duprè. The artist died in
years of their pre-marital acquaintance are given as January 1882, at the age of sixty-five, beloved and
illustrations of the feeling which they cherished mourned throughout Italy. Those who knew him
for each other. These prove conclusively that reverenced his virtues, and all were proud of the
from her earliest knowledge of him Miss Welsh elevation he gave to the art of his country. A por-
honored the man who was to become her husband, trait of the sculptor accompanies his autobio-
that her esteem grew with her understanding of graphy.
him, and that in every circumstance his attitude
toward her commanded her respect and ultimately THE posthumous papers of Edwin P. Whipple,
her unalterable regard. Mr. Norton shows, by pas which are bound together under the title “ Recol.
sages from the still unpublished letters of Miss lections of Eminent Men” (Ticknor & Co.), need
Welsh, all of which have passed under his eye, no recommendation to a reading people. Their
that her affection for Edward Irving was of a tran quality is understood by all who have heard the
sient nature, the fancy of a young and inexperi name of the critic whose able yet unpretending
enced girl, who, when she came to know the needs work has from first to last been an honor to Ameri-
of her own nature, gave to Thomas Carlyle the one can letters. There are ten essays in this, bis last
love of her life. In the strongest terms she ex collection, treating inviting subjects, such as Rufus
presses over and over again her indebtedness for Choate, Agassiz, Emerson, Motley, Sumner, George
the elevating influence he constantly exerted over Ticknor, Matthew Arnold, and George Eliot. Mr.
her; while his letters prove how he guided and Whipple was a personal friend of the men named
taught her, how he pointed her to higher ideals, first in this list, all of whom were his fellow-citizens
and broadened her vision and lifed her to a moral in Boston. Of them, as of the rest, he writes can-
and intellectual plane she would have been long in didly and kindly. His comprehension of their tal-
attaining or have missed altogether without his ents and traits was broad, as his analysis of them
assistance. This and much more we gain from these was keen. He saw their beauties and their blem-
letters, which, by the impartial reading of Prof. ishes in purpose and expression, yet ever dwelt with
Norton, tell their true story.
more pleasure and emphasis upon the merits he
might praise than upon the faults he must censure.
“ Thoughts on Art” is a superfluous title pre In each case he throws light by his reminiscences
fixed to “The Autobiography of Giovanni Duprè” and reflections upon the inner motives and feelings,
(Roberts). An artist, in writing out his life, must showing how the word or deed was the outcome of
inevitably speak often, and from the heart of his a peculiarity of constitution or of circumstance, and
wisdom and experience, upon the subject to which was thus, we are led to infer, in some degree a part
he has devoted the best of himself. And in this of the fate which every man brings with him into
memoir especially, interspersed though it be with this world and can by no means wholly overcome.
reflections upon art uttered expressly for the benefit The care with which Mr. Whipple prepared himself
of young students, it is the man revealed in it that for the high office of critic is indicated by his casual
is most worthy of attention. Giovanni Dupré was statement, in the review of “George Eliot's Private
one of the most eminent sculptors of the present Life,” that he had read her life and letters published
century in Italy. He was born and reared in pov by Mr. Cross three or four times. It was no hasty
erty. His father was a wood-carver with little judgment which he passed upon authors and books.
talent and less faculty for procuring means for the It was deliberately founded upon a basis of sincere
support of his family, and the young Duprè began and penetrating research and ample meditation,
at the tender age of seven to work unceasingly in The gifts that endowed him as a critic are feelingly
the studio to add to the mite which bought bread set forth in the preface to the “Recollections,
for his mother and her offspring. It was a life of which consists of an extract from the sermon
toil and privation to which he was condemned, until, preached by Dr. Bartol at the public funeral of Mr.
when well into manhood, his genius gained a just Whipple in June last. This testimonial of a friend,
recognition. But Dupre never deplored his fate. with a portrait of the author facing the title page,
However hard were his circumstances, he was pa make up what is wanting in our minds to a com-
tient, gentle, hopeful, and courageous. His was a plete picture of one of the most esteemed contribu-
remarkable case of a union of sweetness and strength. tors to our literature.
He had no education; that is, he never went to
school, but in his youth he bought a few books THE third volume of the biographical series of
with his scanty earnings, books such as an artistic “Actors and Actresses," edited by Brander Mat.
nature is drawn to, and he studied and loved the thews and Laurence Hutton, attains distinction
beautiful everywhere. He was married young, to a through the contribution to its contents by Edwin
woman untaught like himself, whom he never out Booth. The sketches of Edmund Kean and Junius
grew as he advanced in position and prosperity. Brutus Booth are by this renowned player, and are
His daughter Amalia 'inherited his gifts, and had such finished productions that one is forced to regret
earned honor as a sculptor before his death. An he does not oftener make use of the pen. The
artist of celebrity attracts intelligence, refinement, refined qualities which distinguish Mr. Booth's act-
and influence; and Duprè had the patronage and ing mark these specimens of his writing. They are
friendship of many of the most eminent personages brief compositions, but permeated with a noble per
in Europe. The anecdotes which he relates of one | sonality, His criticism of Kean, the professional
and another distinguished man and woman add a rival and enemy of his father, is delicate, just, and


1887.]
231
THE DIAL
seldom have the privilege of enjoying. A similar
jaunt, entitled by them "A Canterbury Pilgrimage,”
was accomplished by the same happy parties, who
belong to the fraternity of artists. The journey
described in the present volume was, like the one
before, performed by tricycle, and ran through the
beautiful country between Florence and Rome. It
had every charm of a pedestrian tour with the
advantage of swifter and easier progress. It secured
the travellers the liberty to follow their inclination
in choice of hours and routes and freedom from
uncongenial company while on the road. A journey
of such sort has a personal flavor which distinguishes
it from every other journey over the same ground.
The events of this are lightly sketched by Mrs.
Pennell, whose touch is as airy and delicate as that
of her husband in the illustrations which adorn her
narrative. The book delightfully exhibits the talent
of husband and wife, who work as they travel
together in rare harmony of spirit.
generous. Of that father he speaks with a tender
veneration. He gives few specific details of his
early and close association with the elder Booth,
but we read between the lines the whole history of
his boyhood and its shaping influence on his after-
life. There are thirteen portraits in the volume,
besides those furnished by Mr. Booth. It is some-
thing of a surprise to find among them that of John
Howard Payne, whose youthful triumphs on the stage
are forgotten in the fame gained by the world-
beloved ballad of "Home, Sweet Home.” The elder
Wallack, Hackett, Matthew, Burton, John Brougham,
Frances Ann Kemble, and Clara Fisher, are the best
known names remaining in the list commemorated
in this latest number of Cassell's theatrical biog-
raphies.
“Our Arctic Province" (Scribner) is the name
given to an exhaustive treatise on Alaska, written by
Henry W. Elliott, an associate and collaborator of the
Smithsonian Institution. The name and profession of
the author certify to the thorough and trustworthy
character of his work. It is done with the method
and completeness wbich distinguish the labors of a
trained scientist, but with an omission of all dry
details and technicalties which would unfit it for
the enjoyment of the unlearned reader. Mr. Elliott
has spent a number of years in the province he
describes, investigating its natural resources for the
benefit of the institution with which he is connected.
His life-studies of the fur seal on the Pribylof
Islands were of particular importance, being the
most complete and conclusive ever made. The
chapters, occupying a considerable portion of his
book, in which he gives the results of his observa-
tions of this remarkable animal in its favorite
breeding-places, are the most fascinating of the
whole. But there is not a dull page in the volume,
which, though bulky, is none too large for the
history of a domain enclosing one-sixth of the ter-
ritory of the United States, and presenting wonder-
ful and varied physical features and forms of animal
MR. GEORGE P. UPTON's little handbook of
"The Standard Operas" so obviously supplied a
long-felt want, that the author has prepared a com-
panion volume upon - The Standard Oratorios,"
which is issued (A. C. McClurg & Co.) in uniform
style with its predecessor. Mr. Upton has been
compelled to use the word “ Oratorio" in a some-
what broader sense than usual, to bring his book
up to the required dimensions, and has included
such works as the “Paradise and the Peri” and the
famous masses of Mozart, Beethoven, Verdi, and
Berlioz. The works treated are thirty-eight in
number, Händel being represented by six, but no
other composer by more than two or three. Non-
professional lovers of music ought to find these
handbooks indispensable to their libraries.
life.
DELABORDE's work on “Engraving, Its Origin,
Processes, and History," which forms a new number
of Cassell's “Fine Art Library," is a conscientious
and thorough piece of work, written with the au-
thority of one conversant with the progress of the
art in all its stages and among the various nations.
The different processes of engraving are described,
tracing the phases of its growth and affording a
complete survey of its development. Vicomte Dela-
borde having confined his attention principally to
the schools of engraving in continental Europe, Mr.
William Walker has added a chapter on English
engraving to the original work, which is translated
from the French by R. A. M. Stevenson. The
illustrations are an interesting feature of the book,
but some of them are from plates too old and worn
for effective impressions.
The excellent series recounting “The Story of
the Nations" (Putnam) according to a plan adapted
to the needs of young readers, is extended by two
numbers appearing almost simultaneously, and
rehearsing in consecutive order the strange and
momentous events attending the rise and spread of
Islamism in the East, and its protracted domination
in the peninsula at the western extremity of the
Mediterranean. In the first volume, devoted to
“The Saracens,” the history of this picturesque
people prior to the era of the crusades is unfolded
by Arthur Gilman, an author already known to the
readers of these books by his “Story of the Romans.”
The career of Mahomet, than whom there is not a
more interesting figure in the group of great men
looming up in the past, occupies necessarily a large
space in the annals of the race to whom he gave a
new religion destined to become one of the most
extensive in its sway over mankind. The com-
panion volume, by Stanley Lane-Poole, presents the
leading facts in the life of the Moors in Spain.
Both works are careful compends, fitting in style
and scope the purpose of the series.
Miss PHELPS's little story of "The Madonna of
the Tubs" (Houghton, Miffin & Co.) takes a strong
hold upon the reader's sympathies, however he may
stumble over the author's dislocated sentences, and
protest against the redundancy and confusion of her
terms. Intensity and sincerity are the two great
qualities of Miss Phelps. Despite the eccentricities
of her manner, she keeps direct to her purpose,
which is to set forth some truth in human experience,
for the common good. “The Madonna of the Tubs "
was but a poor washerwoman, a sailor's wife in Fair-
harbor (another name, we suspect, for Gloucester);
but she has the truest qualities of womanhood, and
Miss Phelps compels us to recognize and respect
them.
*Two Pilgrims' Progress," by Joseph and Eliza-
beth Robins Pennell, published by Roberts Brothers,
is an account of an ideal excursion such as mortals


232
[Jan.,
THE DIAL
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
JANUARY, 1887.
American Rebel, First. J. W. Johnston. Mag. Am. Hist.
Animal's Voices. D. von Geyern. Popular Science.
Arthur, Chester A. J. M. Bundy. Mag. Am. History
Baltimore Convention, 1860. A. W. Clason. Mag. Am. Hist.
Bancroft, George W. M. Sloane. Century.
Browning, Recent Books on. M. B. Anderson. Dial.
Cambodia. M. Maurel. Popular Science,
Caucus, Substitutes for the. R. H. Dana. Forum.
Comets and Meteors. S. P. Langley. Century.
Congregationalist, Confessions of a.. Forum.
Convict System of Georgia. Rebecca A. Felton, Forum.
Cossacks. Summer Campaign with. F. D. Millet. Harper's.
Criminals, Extirpation of. C. D. Warner. New Princeton.
Critics, Edgar Fawcett. Lippincott's.
Divorce Legislation. E. H. Bennett. Forum.
Fencing. Henry Eckford. Century. .
Frederick the Great and Madame de Pompadour. Atlantic
French and English.P. G. Hamerton. Atlantic
French Revolution, Stephens' History of. C.L.Smith. Dial.
George Movement. The. W. H. Babcock. Lippincott's.
Gettysburg. H. J. Hunt. Century.
Gettysburg, Artillery at. E. P. Alexander. Century.
Greek and Latin. W. C. Wilkinson. Century.
Hamilton, Alexander. Atlantic.
Harvard's Social Life. Barrett Wendell. Lippincott's.
Hound of the Plains. Ernest Ingersoll. Popular Science.
How I was Educated. J. B. Angell. Forum.
Hugo, Victor. J. S. Fiske. New Princeton.
Huguenots and Henry of Navarre. Herbert Tuttle. Dial.
Impressionist Painting. Theodore Child. Harper's.
Interviewing, Ethics of. New Princeton.
Irish Question, The. James Bryce. New Princeton.
Journalism in America, S. G. W. Benjamin. Mag. Am. Hist.
Lincoln, Abraham. Hay and Nicolay. Century.
Lincoln in the South Century.
Liszt and David. Paul David. Century.
Literary Log.rolling. J.C. Adams. Forum.
Manual Instruction. Sir John Lubbock, Popular Science.
Marginal Notes, Library of a Mathematician. Atlantic.
McClellan, George B. Comte de Paris. New Princeton.
Men and Trees. Edith M. Thomas. Atlantic.
Mexico, Ancient and Modern. Geo. C. Noyes. Dial.
Ministers, Morality of, J. M. Buckley. Forum.
Misgovernment of Cities. F. P. Crandon. Popular Science.
Nations, Relative Strength of. E. Atkinson. Century.
Nature, Experimental Study of. F. W. Pavy. Pop. Science
Navy, The French. Sir E. J. Reed. Harper's.
New Orleans. C. D. Warner. Harper's.
Philadelphia, To the People of. H.C. Lea Forum.
Philosophy in Britain. Henry Calderwood. New Princeton.
Physiognomy of the Days. E. R. Sill. Atlantic.
Prejevalski. Nicholas. Popular Science.
Prohibition, Growth of. Century.
Property Line of 1763. C. W.E. Chapin. Mag. Am, History.
Races, Intermingling of. John Reade. Popular Science.
Rationalist, Religion of a. M. J. Savage. Forum.
Religion in Public Schools. A. A. Hodge. New Princeton.
Religious Education, Science in Popular Science.
Saloon in Society, The. G. F. Parsons. Atlantic.
Sculptors, French. W. C. Brownell. Century.
Shelley, Dowden's Life of. W. M. Payne. Dial.
Steele, Richard. Atlantic.
Submarine Navigation. E. L. Zalinski. Forum.
Van Buren, John. C. H. Peck. Mag. Am. History.
Vermont's History. J. L. Payne. Mag. Am. History.
Vinegar and Its Mother. F. A. Fernald. Popular Science.
Vita Strainge. G. P. Lathrop. New Princeton.
Week of Seven Days, The. Bishop of Carlisle. Pop. Sci.
What Children Read. Agnes Repplier. Atlantic.
What makes the Rich richer and Poor poorer. Pop. Science.
Whipple, E. P. J. H. Ward. New Princeton.
White-footed Mouse, The. C. C, Abbott. Popular Science.
Whitman's “ Leaves of Grass." W. Whitman. Lippincott's.
Woman Suffrage. T. W. Higginson. Forum.
.UU.
The Story of the Moors in Spain. By S. Lane-Poole,
B.A., M.R.A.S. With the collaboration of A. Gilman,
M.A. Illustrated. 12mo, pp. 285. "The Story of the
Nations." G. P. Putnam's sons. $1.50.
The Story of the Saracens. From the Earliest Times
to the Fall of Bagdad. By A. Gilman, M.A. Illustrated.
12mo, pp. 493. "The Story of the Nations." G. P. Put.
nam's Sons. $1.50.
Annals of St. Louis in its Early Days, under the
French and Spanish Dominations. Compiled by F. L.
Billon, from authentic data 4to, pp. 497. Gilt top.
Half leather. G. I. Jones & Co. Net, $10.03.
Pausanias' Description of Greece. Translated into
English, with Notes and Index, by A. R. Shilleto, M.A.
2 vols., 12mo. Bohn's Classical Library. London. Net,
$3.00.
Modern Idols. Studies in Biography and Criticism.
By W. H. Thorne. Jomo, pp. 179. J. B. Lippincott Co.
$1.00.
Uncle Sam's Medal of Honor. Some of the noble deeds
for which the medal has been awarded, described by
those who have won it. 1861-1886. Collected and edited
by T. F. Rodenbough, Brevet Brig.-Gen., U. S. A.
Portraits and other illustrations. 8vo, pp. 424. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $2.00.
Recollections of a Private Soldier in the Army of the
Potomac. By Frank Wilkeson. 16mo, pp. 246. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $1.00.
The Life of Percy Bysshe Shelley. By E. Dowden,
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1887.]
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239
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240
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“ The House of a Merchant Prince,” “Det-
mold," etc. 16mo, $1.25.
Universities.
This is unquestionably the most striking novel Mr.
Bishop has yet written. While appearing serially in the
WITH A SURVEY OF MEDIEVAL EDUCATION. By Atlantic Monthly it attracted marked attention by its plot
(which has been pronounced worthy of Hawthorne), its
8. 8. LAURIE, LL.D., Professor of the Institutes dramatic incidents, its fine discrimination of character.
and History of Education in the University of
and its excellent narrative style.
Edinburgh. Vol. 3 of The International Educa-
Thomas H. Benton.
tion Series, edited by W. T. HARRIS,' LL.D.
Vol. XIV. of American Statesmen Series. By
THEODORE ROOSEVELT. 16mo, gilt top, $1.25.
12mo, cloth. Price, $1.50.
Mr. Roosevelt's intelligent and adequate biography of
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Creation or Evolution?
erican politics, cannot fail to be of great value and
interest.
A PHILOSOPHICAL INQUIRY. By GEORGE TICKNOR American Statesmen.
CURTIS. One vol., 12mo, 564 pages, cloth.
Edited by John T. MORSE, JR.
Price, $2.00.
JOHN QUINCY ADAMS. By John T. Morse, Jr.
“ The result of my study of the hypothesis of evolu.
ALEXANDER HAMILTON. By Henry Cabot Lodge,
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ANDREW JACKSON. By Prof. William G, Sumner.
which no person of sound judgement would apply to JOHN RANDOLPH. By Henry Adams.
anything that might affect bis welfare, his happiness,
JAMES MONROE. By Pres. D. C. Gilman.
his estate, or his conduct in the practical affairs of life."
-From the Preface.
THOMAS JEFFERSON. By John T. Morse, Jr.
DANIEL WEBSTER. By Henry Cabot Lodge.
The Poison Problem;
ALBERT GALLATIN. By John Austin Stevens.
JAMES MADISON. By Sydney Howard Gay.
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FELIX L. OSWALD, M.D., author of “Physical
John MARSHALL. By Allan B. Magruder.
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A Millionaire of Rough-and-Ready,
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Two characteristic new stories by BRET HARTE.
A NOVEL. By WILLIAM A. HAMMOND, author of Little Classic style. 18mo, $1.00.
“Lal,” “Doctor Grattan,” “Mr. Oldmixon,” Shakespeare's Insomnia.
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And the Causes Thereof. By FRANKLIN H, HEAD.
“On the Susquehanna” is a novel of real life as it
16mo, parchment paper cover, 75 cents.
exists in the picturesque region of middle Pennsylva. A clever little brochure, in which the writer quotes
nia-a region hitherto neglected by writers of fiction. copiously from Shakespeare's works to prove that he was
The local coloring, personal and topographical, is such as & victim of insomnia, and then undertakes to account for
could only have been given through a minute acquaint. it by showing that at the times when these particular
ance with the people in that part of the country in which plays were written the author was harassed by importu.
the action takes place. The plot is absorbing, and well nate creditors and heartless attorneys who were trying
maintained to the end of the story.
to make him pay debts which it was beyond his power to
• Specially interesting to lovers of Shakes.
pearean bibliography.- Chicago Journal.
For sale by all booksellers; or any work will be sent by the
publishers, by mail, post-paid, on receipt of the price.
** For sale by all booksellers. Sent by mail, post-paidh,
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pay..
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1, 3, and 5 BOND ST., NEW YORK. | HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., Boston.


piii
FEB 8 1887
LIBRARY
THE DIAL
VOL. VII. FEBRUARY, 1887. No. 82.
CONTENTS.
LOWELL ONCE MORE. Melville B. Anderson ... 241
AMERICAN LITERATURE. J. J. Halsey · ....
THE STUDY OF ZOOLOGY. Carl H. Eigenmann · · 245
RECENT POETRY. William Morton Payne ....
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ........... 251
Hallowell's The Pioncer Quakers.--Frothingham's
Memoir of William Henry Channing.-Crane's Le
Romantisme Français. - Symonds's Sir Philip
Sidney.-Buckley's The Midnight Sun.-Roden.
bough's Uncle Sam's Medal of Honor.-Doyle's
Reminiscences and Opinions. – Gragg's The
Odyssey Club.-Stevens's Impressions on Paint.
ing.–Anders's House Plants as Sanitary Agents.
-Gibson's Happy Hunting Grounds.-Labber.
ton's Historical Atlas.-Thomas's Cannibals and
Convicts. -Hobart Pasha's Sketches from My
Life.-Reid's The Land of Fire.
LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS ...
TOPICS IN FEBRUARY PERIODICALS · .... 257
BOOKS OF THE MONTH ........... 257
LOWELL ONCE MORE.*
A new book by him who holds, by the triple
primacy of satire, of criticism, and of imagi-
native poetry, the foremost place among living
American men of letters, is assuredly a literary
event of no common interest; and that interest
is not diminished by the years that have rolled
between Mr. Lowell's last book and this.
Mindful of the proverb about the gift horse,
we smother our disappointment that the little
volume does not contain the exquisite essay on
Gray, construing the omission as an implicit
promise that in the fulness of time our hopes
are to be crowned by the publication of a
third volume of “ Among my Books.” Mean-
while, we find much comfort and refreshment
in these crumbs and droppings from the mas-
ter's feast. Let us deem it a happy augury of
the ultimate triumph of ideal ends in our Re-
public, that our fellow-countryman, in return-
ing full of honors to spend his remaining years
at home, returns also to his abiding home in
that Republic of Letters of which there is no
more distinguished living citizen.
Of these addresses the following were deliv-
ered in England: Democracy, Garfield, Dean
Stanley, Fielding, Coleridge, Wordsworth,
and Don Quixote; to these are added the noble
Harvard anniversary address, and the Chelsea
address upon Books and Libraries, which is
worthy of a place beside Emerson's essay on
the same theme. Nothing is more noticeable
and notable in these addresses than the tact
with which the author has adapted himself to
this to him new form of literature. For these
are not literary essays like those in “My Study
Windows ” and “Among my Books,” which all
lovers of what is best in literature know half
by heart. The qualities of mind and charac-
ter are still here, but the literary touch is
altered. Instead of the former lucky audacity
of word, the exuberance of wit-steeped
thought, the “unsolicited profusion of unex-
pected and incalculable phrase,” we have here
neat, compact, chiselled sentences, brief and
simple in structure, capable of being uttered
at a single piston-stroke, and of being ap-
prehended without over-tension of the mind.
Restraining his reckless habit of sowing
his pages with untranslated quotations from
a half-dozen different languages, he makes
the mother-tongue “search all her coffers
round,” not with the result of dazzling with
“seld.seen costly stones,” but of proving that
the current coin of the language is adequate
to the discharge of every debt the speaker
owes his audience. Whatever cannot be
said in plain English is left the bearer to
imagine in the pauses between these vivid
periods. In the Harvard address alone he
indulges in frequent Latin quotations, as
required on such occasions by academic law.
Abundant material is offered for mind and
imagination to work upon, there being every-
where a suggestion of infinite riches in reserve.
We may, without exaggeration, apply to his
mature and chastened style as here displayed
what he says of the Greek and Roman
classics: it is “rammed with life.”
It has been with no ordinary literary curi.
osity that Mr. Lowell's old readers have for
years looked for some utterance of his, more
authentic than the imperfect and uncertain
newspaper reports of his addresses. What,
we queried, will be the effects upon his style
and upon his character of this new and un-
looked-for experience of high civic dignity,
bringing our quiet scholar and poet into inti-
mate relations, official and social, with so
many of the best representatives of old-world
culture ? Nothing could be more interest-
ing to the student of letters than to read in
and between the lines of the essay on Gray
the story of those years of silent growth, the
tendency of which, in the case of an ordinary
• DEMOCRACY, AND OTHER ADDRESSES. By James Rug.
sell Lowell. Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifilin
& Co.


242
[Feb.,
THE DIAL
man, would have been away from, rather than aims and sensual desires. Powers like his put
in the direction of, sympathy with Gray's to such noble uses, a character like his touched
somewhat dismal life of valetudinary seclusion. to such fine issues, form a possession perhaps
There was, however, no lack of sympathy below the poet's youthful vision, but high
with Gray—the old idealism was too strong enough to serve as a beacon to the many
for that; and so the chief charm of the essay young men who are unfurnished with better
was not what Mr. Lowell had to say about ideals than that of the opulent “self-made
Gray, delightful as it was, but what the tone man” or the magnificent railroad king.
and manner told us, so reassuringly, of Mr. | That Mr. Lowell's long sojourn at the courts
Lowell. The old Lowellian flavor is unmis- of princes has not relaxed his sturdy republic-
takable, but mellower and less pungent; exact anism nor enervated his loyalty to popular
scholarship has ripened into cosmopolitan cul government, as some have affected to fear it
ture; doubt and iconoclasm give place to had, is evidenced by his noble defence of
reverential hope, perhaps to faith; the grasp | Democracy. Never has a great principle had
of the understanding is as vigorous as ever, a wiser, a more temperate, or a more convinc-
and the ability to handle the statesman's as ing advocate. The power given only to genius,
well as the scholar's theme is proved; satire of simplifying the problems that baffle the
gives place to good-natured and patient toler statesman, and of sweeping away the sophis-
ance, and, although the wine of wit flows tries and delusions that cobweb the public
freely, it is never for its own sake but always mind, has seldom been used to better purpose.
to give better relish to the bread of wisdom. No analysis will be attempted here of this
Of Mr. Lowell's wit it can be said that it fre memorable address, which every thoughtful
quently justifies the pedigree of the word, for American should read and ponder for himself.
it is, when seriously used, like Franklin's but It is not a thing to be read “by deputy."
in a far broader way than his, identical with I prefer to close with a passage in which Mr.
wisdom. The manner in which this victorious Lowell's enlightened human sympathy and his
wit is utilized, not only to put the speaker on courageous outspokenness are signally illus-
good terms with his audience and to enchain trated. The regrettable omissions are due to
their attention, but also to subserve the higher want of space, not to inferiority of matter.
ends of discussion, would be the most useful
"All free goverments, whatever their name, are
of lessons to the over-zealous had they the do in reality governments by public opinion, and it is
cility to take it to heart. Not that everyone on the quality of this public opinion that their
can practice Mr. Lowell's peculiar art of sat prosperity depends. It is, therefore, their first duty
urating serious thought and argument in wit, to purify the element from which they draw the
but everyone can at least abstain from too
breath of life. . . . . . Democracy in its best
sense is merely the letting in of light and air. .
insistently practicing the absence of it.
... What is really ominous of danger to the
Middle-aged admirers of Mr. Lowell can
existing order of things is not democracy (which,
hardly fail to rub their eyes when they properly understood, is a conservative force), but
come upon one of his pathetic allusions to his the Socialism which may find a fulcrum in it. If
failing memory, “which at my time of life is we cannot equalize conditions and fortunes any
gradually becoming one of her own reminis more than we can equalize the brains of men-
cences.” It is indeed true that he will cele-
and a very sagacious person has said that where
brate the rounding of the perilous headland of
two men ride of a horse one must ride behind '-
we can yet, perhaps, do something to correct those
three-score and ten, in two years from the
methods and influences that lead to enormous
twenty-second of the present month (Feb-
inequalities, and to prevent their growing more
ruary). These more than forty years he has enormous. It is all very well to pooh-pooh Mr.
been doing honorable work in literature. It George and to prove him mistaken in his political
were sad indeed if years spent as his have economy. I do not believe that land should be
been in busy commerce with those spiritual
divided because the quantity of it is limited by
traders in whose bottoms the wisdom and
nature. Of what may this not be said? A fortiori,
life of other times and of all climes float
we might on the same principle insist on a division
of human wit, for I have observed that the quantity
down to us, should bring to him and to his
of this has been even more inconveniently limited.
readers no compensation for the loss of the Mr. George himself has an inequitably large share
Aladdin's lamp of youth. If he owns no of it. But he is right in his impelling motive; right,
more castles in Spain, as he long ago com also, I am onvinced, in insisting that humanity
plained, he may at least be proudly conscious makes à part. By far the most important part, of
that he has been instrumental in securig political economy and in thinking man to be of
ampler freeholds there for many dweilers in
more concern and more convincing than the longest
his prosaic castleless fatherland. Such a life
column of figures in the world. For unless you
of consistent devotion to the ideal — to him
include human nature in your addition, your total
is sure to be wrong and yo
your deductions from it
the solidest of realities, apart from which noth fallacious communism means barbarism, but
ing that is built shall stand, -is in itself the Socialism means, or wishet to mean, cooperanon
best of gifts to an age and a land of material | and community of interests. 1 sympathy, the giving


1887.)
243
THE DIAL
to the hands not so large a share as to the brains, to say that American literature has not yet
but a larger share than hitherto in the wealth they
seen its three-score and ten years, and had its
must combine to produce—means, in short, the
birth about the years 1820–21, when “The
practical application of Christianity to life, and has
Sketch-Book,” “The Spy,” and that modest
in it the secret of an orderly and benign reconstruc-
tion. State Socialism would cut off the very roots
pamphlet of forty-four pages, containing among
in personal character-self-help, fore-thought, and
other poems “The Yellow Violet,” “Lines to
frugality-which nourish and sustain the trunk and a Waterfowl,” and “Thanatopsis,” saw the
branches of every vigorous Commonwealth.” (pp. light. Then were born in America the Essay,
38-40.)
the Novel, and Poetry. In the last quarter of
The following misprints have been noted: the eighteenth century, Benjamin Franklin
P. 77, “Reformation” for “Restoration"; had written essays after the manner of the
p. 83, line 9 from foot, "country" for “county"; older English essayists, but with a flavor truly
p. 145, misplaced comma in last line but one his own; Philip Freneau had produced much
of quotation; p. 167, “iii.” for “ii."'; p. 169, easy poetry after the school of Pope; and
line 5, “no” for “do"; p. 236, line 9, “polite | Charles Brockden Brown, just at the begin-
ness” for “urbanity" (Mr. Lowell's own cor ning of the present century, had suggested
rection). The only ambiguous sentence noticed the Novel in those varied reproductions of the
in the book occurs in the passage quoted above: one type of “Caleb Williams." But these
“I do not believe that land should be divided were isolated and fitful phenomena, and the
because the quantity of it is limited by nature.” mass of American writers before Irving had
MELVILLE B. ANDERSON. been producing not literature, but either in-
different verse or a great volume of practical
--- ---
--
and specialized prose along the lines of history,
theology, and oratory. That much of the
AMERICAN LITERATURE.*
oratory, some few of the sermons, and an
One of the important services rendered by occasional page of the history, not only ex-
the Theory of Evolution has been to emphasize pressed a high imagination, but expressed it
the truth that, as the ideas of men change in felicitous phrase and imagery, no one will
with their social growth, definitions must also deny. That the works in which they occur
change. “Government” and “Democracy,” are not literature, we assert. For American
“Church” and “State,” “Science,” “Eco literature must be judged by the same stand-
nomics,” “Religion,” “Liberty," no longer ards that we apply to English literature in the
mean what they meant when first used, nor corresponding centuries. Literature goes too
even what they meant two hundred years ago. far afield toward the practical and didactic
The student of literature has at last introduced ever to recover itself if it be made to include
into his investigations the comparative method, oratory; and the same statement, in a higher
already so happily used in the study of lan degree, applies to theology, and in a less degree
guage, politics, religion, and even economics; to history. But, moreover, it must be remem-
and as he perceives the field of literature bered that Bradford and Winthrop were nearly
gradually narrowed as the thoughts of men contemporary with the magnificent prose of
are specialized, he is recognizing the relativity Jeremy Taylor and the rich periods of Claren-
of all definitions, and is recasting the old ones don, and that the same intellectual ancestry
which he formerly made for all time. In his was back of Cotton Mather and Thomas Fuller,
“Comparative Literature”-a book which, of Samuel Sewall and John Evelyn. The his-
despite its narrow range of illustration, is the | tory the men of the seventeenth and eighteenth
most important contribution to the study of centuries in America were making, the sermons
the subject of which it treats-Posnett has and orations they were speaking, were among
recognized the impossibility of framing a the great forces that made American literature
definition of literature which shall answer for when it came to be. As such, a presentation
the days of Pericles as well as for the nine of them must preface every treatise which
teenth century. Consequently he gives, merely attempts the philosophy of our literature. But
as a working definition for the recent days of as living forces they must be presented: a cri.
literature, the statement that literature consists ticism of them as written products is not a part
“ of works which, whether in verse or prose, of the history of literature.
are the handicraft of imagination rather than The book whose title heads the present
reflection, aim at the pleasure of the greatest criticism is a most valuable contribution to a
possible number of the nation rather than treatment of American literature that is but
instruction and practical effects, and appeal to just begun. In 1882, Professor Nichol gave
general rather than to specialized knowledge.” us his expanded and revised “Britannica"
Accepting this definition, we shall be inclined article in book form. Although he bas not
been able entirely to escape the “insular"
* AMERICAN LITERATURE. 1607-1885. Vol. I. The
Development of American Thought. By Charles F.
atmosphere, has made some ludicrous mis-
Richardson. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons,
I takes, and has given dicta which are based on


244
[Feb.,
THE DIAL
misconceptions, Professor Nichol has upon the ! were poetic yet just, and the spirit, though sad-
whole demonstrated that a fair-minded and dened, was hopeful for the future of the nation.
earnest Englishman can come at the very
Everett's words were those of the American orator
heart of our literature. His book is the first
of the middle period,-after the Revolution and the
making of the nation, and before the new time of
criticism of that literature, and its rank is
freedom from conventional rules. On the same day
high. In 1885, Edmund Clarence Stedman
President Lincoln delivered his famous Gettysburg
as a critic surpassed his “Victorian Poets" in address. The contrast between these two well
his “Poets of America ”—a book that must known funeral orations could not have been more
be the standard criticism for its subject, and marked. Everett's was long, Lincoln's short;
this despite the fact that in writing of his own Everett's drew allusion from classic history, Lin-
spiritual kith and kin he has occasionally al-
coln went no farther back than the record of Amer-
ican nationality; Everett's displayed the culture
lowed the generous emotions of the brother
of the Boston university man and the European
poet to color the estimate by the critic. Pro-
resident; Lincoln's was the plain speech of an un-
fessor Richardson has given us, in the present lettered native of Kentucky and citizen of Illinois.
volume, a presentation of our literature that The range and ultimate direction of American
may be placed partly alongside of Professor literature-to which both orations clearly belong-
Nichol's treatise as a companion piece, partly could not have been better illustrated than by their
above it as a corrective criticism. At the
variant methods and similar results."
same time, it will take rank with Stedman's Then, after a quotation from Everett's oration,
“Poets of America” as our best study in he continues:
American prose. But both Nichol and Sted “So moved on Mr. Everett's language, in narra-
man have a better perspective in their views tion, congratulation, patriotic appeal, and enthusi-
than that of the present work. Professor
astic peroration; an elegant example of classical
Richardson's first chapter is admirable in its
rhetoric, as applied to the necessities of a modern
theme. That speech and that day may be deemed
recognition of what is and what is not Ameri-
the bounds of the earlier period of American oratory.
can literature, as well as of the due proportion
Our speech-makers before the war were, at their
to be preserved in the treatment. Yet in a best, profound, graceful, finished, inspiring; at
volume of five hundred and twenty-eight their worst they were empty, orotund, bombastic,
pages more than one hundred and fifty are uncritical, putting sound before sense, and America
consumed before Franklin is discussed, and before the philosophy of history. At their front
nearly half the book must be read before Irving
were several true orators, but there lagged behind a
great army of Fourth-of-July speakers and members
is reached. In the introductory chapter,
for Buncombe county. The newer rhetoricians
John Smith's writings are justly ruled out, as
were simply to “speak right on" without studied
no more to be considered a part of our litera-
art or much rhetorical device.”
ture than Henry M. Stanley's of Central
African literature; and yet afterwards eight
The chapter on Washington Irving is a fresh
contribution to a much bewritten subject. The
pages are given to his works, the titles alone
criticism
Too little account is
consuming three pages.
of the “Sketch-Book" judiciously
made, in the chapter on “Environment,” of
mingles praise and blame.
the geographical and climatic influences, the "All through the collection are marks of an over-
immensities of land and of nature, the elec nicety of manner, an unwillingness to speak out'
tric atmosphere,-all suggesting and inspiring
that in time becomes tiresome; but artificial finish
had not been too common in our literature before
to illimitable effort—which, although probably
Irving."
best presented as one great composite America
in Walt Whitman, pervade the prose of
The chapter on Emerson is a strong piece of
Cooper and Emerson and Hawthorne no less
writing. It is a just estimate of our great
than that of Thoreau.
seer, although departing radically at times
But in dealing with his subject in its details,
from the traditional New England estimate of
Professor Richardson's treatment is unexcelled.
the man. Noteworthy, in the chapter on Essay-
It would be hard to find more judicious state-
ists and Critics, is the late justice done to
ment or more graphic portrayal than in the Longfellow's work as a critic at a time when
chapter on “Political Literature.” An extract
literary criticism was almost unknown in
will illustrate the author's felicitous charac-
America.
terization, and at the same time convey his
The tribute on page 389 to the “ thorough-
valuable thought as to an important transition
ness” of Sanborn's life of Thoreau is remark-
period in American oratory. He is speaking
able, in view of the fact that in this most
of the orations delivered on the same day in
indifferent of biographies the most vital defect
1863 by Edward Everett and Abraham Lin is a lack of thoroughness, probably due in part
coln at Gettysburg.
to the fact that more than a third of its pages
“His [Everett's] specch was in his most felicitous
are wasted on utterly irrelevant matter. John
style, and well represented the oratorical school to
Burroughs deserves a better verdict than
which he belonged. The language was choice, the Professor Richardson gives for him; and the
classical allusions were apt, the modern descriptions | statement itself may well be doubted which
i


1887.)
245
THE DIAL
says that “it may well be doubted whether
any other name, in the pleasant company of
American writers on Nature, is worthy of
mention beside his ” [Thoreau's). A chapter
on “Religion and Philosophy in Later Years,"
which covers the whole Unitarian movement,
is lacking in thoroughness when it omits the
influence of Buckminster; yet his name will
not be found in the book.
We should have been glad to see more of
the material in this volume relegated to the
outlying chapters on “Environment” and
“Border-Lands of Literature," and under the
former head a presentation of the parallel
forces which have brought our literature to
the present day. We need to have discussed,
in their direct bearings on our literature, the
political situation for fifty years with refer-
ence to slavery, in its stages of compromise,
agitation, and war; the religious situation
about our literary metropolis, in its stages of
revolt and triumph, as expressed in “Our Lib-
eral Movement in Theology;" the social rela-
tions of class to class through the transitions
from oneness to separation, coöperation, an-
tagonism; the industrial situation, in the
gradual transfer of life from country to city;
the individual environment of our writers,
wherein the division-of-labor principle has
been inoperative: for our literary men have
largely been workers as well as thinkers-wit-
ness Bryant, Longfellow, Poe, Holmes, Lowell,
Whitman. All these influences, and more,
should have place in a critical history of
American literature.
J. J. HALSEY.
The study is supposed to begin in the fall of
the year, and outlines are first given for the
study and comparison of insects, with an in-
troduction to the principles of classification.
Several kinds of insects, the earth worm, bi-
valve shell, snail, a few protozoans, a fish, a
frog, a snake, a turtle, a bird, a mammal (the
rabbit, supplemented by outlines for the study
of the eye, larynx, heart and lungs of a larger
animal), a starfish, a sea-urchin, a fresh-water
hydra, a sea-anemone, sea-fan, and sponges,
follow in order. Some observations on the
live animal are required; the external struct-
ure is then taken up, and is followed by an
examination of the internal structure, by notes
on the zoological position of the animal under
consideration, and by references to the standard
works in which its structure and relation may
be more fully studied. Nothing new is added
to our knowledge of the animals under con-
sideration, the anatomical part being chiefly
arranged from larger works; but the adapta-
tion of the subject to younger students, and,
in general, the manner of presenting the sub-
ject, are the author's own. In some branches
the outlines might be fuller. The part on
mollusks would be much improved by adding
directions for the study of the internal struct-
ure of the snail. The directions for the study
of the cray-fish among the invertebrates have
proved especially satisfactory; but generally
the vertebrate animals are better treated than
the lower forms are. The book makes no
pretense to being complete, and it may be
supplemented either by reading or lectures.
A list of books for reference is given; but we
look in vain for a reference to “The Standard
Natural History."
The book not only ought not to be used
without specimens, but it cannot be used
without them; and in this lies perhaps its chief
excellence. Study without specimens is not a
study of animals, and has no claim to be
called zoölogy. The aim of the study of zo-
ölogy is to train the observing and descriptive
powers “to train the judgment through knowl.
edge taken at first hand.” The knowledge
gained is of secondary importance. The con-
ventional text-book on “General Zoology"
may give a limited knowledge of the nomen-
clature of the animal kingdom, and other
information more or less valuable or correct.
An almanac also gives information more or
less valuable; and for training the observing
and descriptive powers, a good almanac is
about as useful as the Zoologies commonly
inflicted upon students. “The only way to
know animals is to see and handle them. If
you study Nature in books," said Agassiz,
“when you go out of doors you cannot find
her.”
Colton's Zoology is commendable also for
not giving any plates or pictures of animals
THE STUDY OF ZOOLOGY.*
There has been not a little discussion among
zoologists of late, regarding the relative value
of the study of classification and the study of
anatomy. Classification has come into disfavor
in some quarters, because text-books on classifi-
cation are often used for “finding the name”
only, and because some books and some teach-
ers seem to make “finding the name” the
prime object. But, however much the study
of classification may be abused, anatomists and
embryologists are no doubt often unjust in
denying its real value in zoological instruction.
Yet whatever the divergence of opinion on
this question, all teachers must greet with
delight such a thoroughly sound book as
Colton's “Practical Zoology.” It is specially
intended and adapted for beginning classes in
high schools, and for such classes it is the only
book so far published which is fit to be used.
It is "designed to aid the student in getting
a clear idea of the animal kingdom, as a whole,
by the careful study of a few typical animals."
* AN ELEMENTARY COURSE IN PRACTICAL ZOOLOGY.
By Buel P. Colton. Boston: D. O. Heath & Co.


246
[Feb.,
THE DIAL
whatever. To some, this will seem an objec commented on in all classes of society. The
tion; but it is far better for a student to spend explanation of this curious interest is to be
an hour in making his own plate, by finding found, of course, in the fact that “Locksley
and drawing the heart of a crayfish, than to Hall Sixty Years After” is distinctly a poem
have him infer its presence and copy the plate with a message, and the greater part of the
into his note-book, all in ten minutes. The unfavorable criticism bestowed upon it results,
average student will never copy from nature not at all from its literary quality, but from
when he can copy from anything else; for the the fact that the message is peculiarly unac-
influence of our schools constantly tends ceptable to the democratic spirit of the age.
toward the exaltation of second-hand knowl. | It is doubtless quite as legitimate to criticise
edge.
the poem in its character as a political or social
It has been objected by many high-school document as in its character as a literary pro-
teachers, that only a specialist could teach duction, but the distinction should be carefully
natural bistory in the way naturalists claim made between these two aspects of the work.
that it ought to be taught. This little book is Considered in the former aspect, the poem
in the line of reform, and yet its methods are | embodies a warning against the overthrow of
80 simple that even a teacher without any old institutions and customs; it is the conserv-
knowledge of zoology can with a little effort ative protest uttered against the destructive
reach very satisfactory results and learn con- tendencies of the Zeitgeist. The old forms of
siderable zoology besides. The students will church and state are undergoing rapid trans-
do the work for him, if he will give them a formations in our age; too rapid, the poet
chance. While the book is intended for high believes, to insure that their features really
schools chiefly, it will not come amiss in many | worthy of preservation shall be saved in the
beginning classes in colleges. In this rspect, process of reconstruction. The poet views with
in fact, there is no difference between colleges apprehension the increasing power of the
and high schools. Every student in zoology, demagogue, the loss of the fixed dogmatic
no matter how old or how far advanced, is as faith of the past, the unregulated exercise of
a child in the work until he has learned to use power in the hands of a growing democracy.
his hands and eyes. The wretched book-work The pretence of equality, as urged by the
usually miscalled “ Zoölogy” has prejudiced ignorant, and the material demand for bare
many students against handling specimens. realism in literature and expediency in poli-
CARL H. EIGENMANN. tics, sicken him, and, seeing these things called
for in the name of progress, he cries out, in a
mood of despair-.
RECENT POETRY.*
“Let us bush this cry of Forward' till ten thousand
years have gone."
The latest poem of Lord Tennyson has we cannot believe that this position is well
attracted a greater and more wide-spread
taken. To attempt to confute poetry by
attention than anything else that he has pub means of statistics would be absurd, but
lished for many years. Mr. Gladstone has
leaving out the question of poetry altogether,
made it the subject of a controversial discus-
statistics may reasonably be invoked to prove
sion, the English and American reviews and
that the author of the poetry is at fault in his
newspapers have devoted much space to its
assumptions. And statistics do unquestionably
consideration, and it has been eagerly read and
show that the past fifty years have witnessed
a real and steady progress in those things that
Lord Tennyson, P.L., D.C.L. London and New York: determine the material well-being of the En-
Macmillan & Co.
glish and most other civilized peoples. To say
CAP AND BELLS. By Samuel Minturn Peck. New York:
that “ Progress halts on palsied feet” even
White, Stokes, & Allen.
ARIEL AND CALIBAN, WITH OTHER POEMS. By Chris. “among the glooming alleys” is to reject the
topher Pearse Cranch. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. evidence collected by careful scientific obser-
With REED AND LYRE. By Clinton Scollard. Boston: vation. That the evils of the “outcast” por-
Post-LAUREATE IDYLS, AND OTHER POEMS. By Oscar
tion of our civilization are still crying ones is
Fay Adams. Boston: D. Lothrop & Co.
patent enough, but the very fact that we hear
SONNETS AND LYRICS. By Helen Jackson. Boston: so much about them is evidence, not that they
Roberts Brothers.
are more evil than ever, but that public senti-
FOR LOVE'S SAKE. Poems of Faith and comfort. By
Margaret J. Preston. New York: Anson D. F. Randolph
ment is awakening from an unhealthy state of
& Co.
apathy concerning them; and this is a matter
THE SILVER BRIDGE, AND OTHER POEMS. By Elizabeth
for congratulation rather than for despondency.
Akers. Boston: Houghton, Millin & Co.
The relative condition of moral sentiment is,
By Celia Thaxter. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
of course, another matter, and cannot be set-
NEW SONGS AND BALLADS. By Nora Perry. Boston: tled by an appeal to statistics. The present
Ticknor & Co.
age is peculiarly an age of intellectual fer-
THE SLEEPING WORLD, AND OTHER POEMs. By Lillien
Blanche Fearing. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co.
ment, and many disagreeable products have
* LOCKSLEY HALL SIXTY YEARS AFTER, ETC. By Alfred
D. Lothrop & Co.
THE CRUISE OF THE MYSTERY, AND OTHER POEMS.


1887.)
247
THE DIAL
come to the surface of thought. “ Zolaism”
and "dynamite” certainly have gained an un-
pleasant prominence, and we may sympathize
with the poet's indignant protest against such
things. But we cannot sympathize with him
in his distrust of the republican principle and
the new faith in humanity. After all, “the
voices in the field” are the voices of those
whose interests are chiefly concerned in the
question of war with Russia, and “the suf-
frage of the plow” cannot justly remain un-
heeded in the question of the Indian Empire.
And those whom loyalty to the dictates of
intellectual honesty has compelled to crown
“barren Death as lord of all,” have at least
gained thereby an increased realization of the
responsibilities of life, and merit a less scorn-
ful word than that which Lord Tennyson has
for them. Even Mr. Ruskin, whom no one can
accuse of sympathy for the present age, can at
least respect honesty of conviction upon this
point. “A brave belief in death,” he says,
" has been reasonably held by many not ignoble
persons, and it is a sign of the last depravity
in the church itself, when it assumes that
such a belief is inconsistent with either purity
of character or energy of hand. The short-
ness of life is not, to any rational person, a
conclusive reason for wasting the space which
may be granted him ; nor does the anticipa-
tion of death to-morrow suggest, to anyone
but a drunkard, the expediency of drunkenness
to-day.”
The despondent mood, however, although
so strongly expressed, does not seem to be the
ultimate outcome of the poet's reflection upon
things as they are. We should be unfair to
him were we not to consider the hopeful
gleams which here and there light up the
poem. It is far from being the eager, un-
questioning hope of the old “ Locksley Hall,”
but it is marked enough to bring the new
poem into a sort of harmony with the old.
We read that, after all,
"Aged eyes may take the growing glimmer for the
gleam withdrawn."
And the first word is a counsel which surely
is not hopeless :
"Follow you the Star that lights a desert pathway,
yours or mine.
Forward, till you see the highest Human Nature is di.
vine.
“Follow Light, and do the Right-for man can half.con.
trol his doom-
Till you find the deathless Angel seated in the vacant
tomb."
If we cannot count Lord Tennyson among
those whose high hope has remained undim-
med in extremest age; if we cannot think
of him as one of the glorious company that
numbers Goethe and Hugo, Milton and Lan-
dor, in its starry roll, we can at least say that
he has not been wholly untrue to the nobler
teaching of the earlier days when he wrote-
“The old order changeth, giving place to now,
And God fulfils Himself in many ways,
Lest one good custom should corrupt the world;"
and it is in the light of these words that we
should read the "Locksley Hall Sixty Years
After."
Coming now to consider the poem as a piece
of literature, we find ourselves engaged upon
a much more pleasant task than that of its
discussion as a body of doctrine. While far
from being an example of the poet's work at
its best, it is still not unworthy of his high
fame. No other poet now living could possibly
have written such lines as those which we have
already quoted, or such others as we might
bring forward. This statement is made, not
merely in the sense that no poet can ever
match the distinctive quality of a brother-
poet's work, but also in the sense that such
lines are absolutely upon the highest level of
the poetical expression of our age. There is
in such a couplet as this almost the inspiration
of Shelley in some rapturous dream of “the
world's great age.”
“Robed in universal ; harvest, up to either pole she
smiles,
Universal ocean softly washing all her warless Isles.”
And the passage up to which this vision leads
us may be matched against anything in the
old “Locksley Hall."
“Warless? War will die out late then. Will it ever ?
late or soon ?
Can it, till this outworn earth be dead as yon dead world
the moon?
“ Dead the new astronomy calls her. .... On this
day and at this hour,
In this gap between the sandhills, whence you see the
Locksley tower,
“Here we met, our latest meeting-Amy-sixty years
ago-
She and I--the moon was falling greenish thro' a rosy
glow,
“Just above the gateway tower, and even where you
see her now-
Here we stood and claspt each other, swore the seeming
deathless vow. . . . .
“Dead, but how her living glory lights the hall, the
dune, the grass!
Yet the moonlight is the sunlight, and the sun himself
will pass.
“Venus near her! smiling downward at this earthlier
earth of ours,
Closer on the Sun, perhaps a world of never fading
flowers.
“Hesper, whom the poet call'd the Bringer home of all
good things.
All good things may move in Hesper, perfect peoples,
perfect kings.
"Hesper-Venus-were we native to that splendour, or
in Mars,
We should see the Globe we groan in, fairest of their
eveving stars.
“Could we dream of wars and carnage, craft and mad.
ness, lust and spite,
Roaring London, raving Paris, in that point of peaceful
light?
"Might we not in glancing heavenward on a star so yil.
ver-fair,
Yearn, and clasp the hands and murmur, 'Would to God
that we were there ?!"


248
[Feb.,
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There is no trace of decadence in such poetry
as this. Still firm of hand and serene of soul,
the master adds to the many gifts he has
brought us this crowning gift of his ripened
genius. · Besides this poem, the new volume
contains two occasional pieces, and the drama
of “The Promise of May," a wonderful study
of rustic life, whose condemnation as an acting
play by no means involved its condemnation
as a piece of literary workmanship, and which
may be read with pleasure even when we
remember that it is the work of the greatest
poet of his age and country.
“Cap and Bells" is the suggestive title of
a volume of society verse as delicate and grace-
ful as almost anything of the sort that America
has yet produced. It does not equal the best
work in this kind of Dr. Holmes or Mr. Bunner,
but it need not do that to be deserving of the
high praise which its merits should win. Mr.
Samuel Minturn Peck, whose name stands
upon the title-page, appears to be a writer
from the South, and his verse breathes the
warm and fragrant air of the Southern scenes
from which his inspiration has been drawn.
His sprightly muse is at her best in a trifle
like this:
"A little kiss when no one seeg
Where is the impropriety?
How sweet amid the birds and bees
A little kiss when no one sees;
Nor is it wrong, the world agrees,
If taken with sobriety.
A little kiss when no one sees,
Where is the impropriety ?”
But the writer reminds us that “the jester is
not always gay beneath the Cap and Bells,"
and so we need not feel surprise when we
come upon a tender lyric like the following:
“She stood beneath the orange tree
With its breathing blooms of white,
And waved a parting kiss to me
Through the waning amber light;
And the evening wind rose mournfully
To meet the coming night.
" The stars came out, and I sailed away,
Away through the Mexique sea-
Away, away, for I could not stay;
And oft on bended knee,
I prayed for her I left that day
Beneath the orange tree.
"'Tis eventide, and again to me
The summer breezes siglı;
The orange flowers are fair to see
So tenderly they lie;
But oh! there's a grave 'neath the orange tree,
And I would that I could die!”
We cannot dismiss the volume without quoting
at least one of the stanzas inscribed to “ Chi-
nese Gordon.”
"Onward roll, thou mighty river,
Tell his story to the seas,
On thy breast the moon shall quiver,
On thy bosom sob the breeze.
Lo! another Star is gleaming,
With undying lustre streaming
Newly risen o'er the desert
From the city of Khartoum,"
The “Ariel and Caliban” of Mr. Cranch is
an appendix to “The Tempest," written in
blank verse of the degree of whose blank-
ness the following extract will convey some
notion. The words are Caliban's.
“Well--on the whole I'm tired of this dull life,
And don't object to see some other lands:
. But how do you propose to sail away
Without a ship? ”
The “other poems” which fill out the volume
are not all quite so prosaic as this, but even
Omar Khayyam, when the author's pen “by
instinct to his flowing metre turned,” can
inspire nothing loftier than the self-sufficient
comment of such quatrains as these:--
"And as I read again each fervent line
That smiles through sighs, and drips with fragrant wine;
And Vedder's thoughtful muse has graced the verse
With added jewels froin the artists' mine-
"I read a larger meaning in the sage,
A modern comment on a far-off age;
And take the truth, and leave the error out
That casts its light stain on the Asian page."
“With Reed and Lyre” is the title of a
volume of verse by Clinton Scollard, but neither
instrument seems to be very skilfully fingered
by him. His themes are mostly those which
nature affords, but they are treated with a
certain hardness, and offer little to the imagi.
nation. There is an occasional society verse,
and now and then a tribute to some friend.
It is to be hoped that Mr. Gosse understands
better than we can profess to do the meaning
of this address:
“ Poet, thou hast imprisoned in thy song
The notes of the sky.loving English lark,
Alyric rapture such as brooks al dark
Fling on the air, and exhalations strong
From myriad buds that through the forest throng
When on the earth spring sets her bourgeoning mark."
The word “bourgeon," in its various forms,
does Mr. Scollard good service, and he never
misses an opportunity for putting it in. The
sonnet on "The Bells of San Xavier del Bac"
is as good as anything to be found in his
volume.
The volume of “Post-Laureate Idyls and
Other Poems,” dedicated to Mr. Scollard by
his friend Mr. Oscar Fay Adams, certainly
does not suffer, as the author would have us
suppose, by comparison with the volume of
which mention has just been made. There is
nothing very striking in this collection of
verses, but in its serious pages there is evidence
of a marked delicacy of poetic feeling, and
in the semi-humorous “Post-Laureate Idyls”
there is some very amusing reading. A num-
ber of such familiar nursery rhymes as “The
Queen of Hearts” and “old King Cole” are
taken as subjects for a new series of Tenny-
sonian idyls, and the style is very successfully
parodied. The queen of the first of these
legends is no other than Isolt, and we read
how she


1887.)
249
THE DIAL
“Within the cup-like hollow of the tarts
One after other placed with golden spoon,
On which were graven deep the Cornish arms,
The lucent jellies quivering like leaf
Of aspen when all else is still, and sound
And other motion dead within the wood."
Such trifling as this is not of a very high
order, but it is capable of affording amuse-
ment, and that is all at which it aims.
We now turn to the consideration of a colo
lection of little volumes in which some of the
best known among our American female poets
have published their latest verses. Probably
the first in importance of these volumes is that
containing the “Sonnets and Lyrics” of the
late Mrs. Jackson. The gentle muse of this
gifted woman does not soar far above earth
and the commonplace emotions of daily life,
but these are faithfully expressed in verse
which bears the spiritual impress of her gen-
erous and ardent soul. The gracious aspects
of nature and the noble elements of character
are what most inspired her to song, and these
themes share between them the present vol-
ume. Noticeable among the pieces upon the
first of these themes are the sonnets on the
months of the year, and such other poems as
those entitled “In April” and “September."
Some stanzas from the latter will afford a good
illustration of her simple and faithful manner.
The gentian's bluest fringes
Are curling in the sun;
In dusty pods the milk weed
Its hidden silk has spun.
"The sedges flaunt their harvest,
In every meadow nook ;
And asters by the brook side
Make asters in the brook.
“ From dewy lanes at morning
The grapes' sweet odors rise ;
At noon the roads all flutter
With yellow butterflies."
In this admirable bit of description there is
not a superfluous word and not one for which
a better could be substituted. Among the
verses of human interest are to be noted the
fine sonnets on “Freedom” and on “Charlotte
Cushman,” and “The Story of Boon,” the
largest piece in the collection. And not with-
out a pathetic interest are the “Habeas Cor-
pus” and “The Song He Never Wrote” which
close the book.
“His thoughts were song, his life was singing;
Men's hearts like harps he held and smote,
But in his heart went over ringing,
Ringing, the song he never wrote."
In these lines the writer has written her own
epitaph, and the epitaph of all those restless
souls whose lives are spent in seeking to real-
ize some noble ideal.
If the religious motive is prominent in Mrs.
Jackson's volume, it is predominant and
avowed in Mrs. Preston's “For Love's Sake.”
These tender lyrics are the expression of a
very genuine faith in the promises of Christi.
anity, and, as such, will doubtless appeal
strongly to the emotional nature of readers of
like faith. Such sincere work always com-
mands respect, and the theme of it comes
peculiarly within the province of poetry. The
series of triplets called “Questionings” sums
up very beautifully the consolations of Chris-
tian belief.
“With restless passions surging like a sea,
How can I think to find repose from Thee?
--Because thy voice hushed stormy Galilee.”
And so the other pains of the distressed soul
find each its soothing balm of promised relief.
“A Litany of Pain” is a poem in the metre of
Mr. Swinburne's “Dolores,” but widely dif-
ferent, as may be imagined, in its spiritual
content.
“No beaker is brimmed without bruising
The clusters that gladden the vine;
No gem glitters star-like, refusing
The rasp that uncovers its shine;
No diver who shuns the commotion
of billows above him that swirl
From out of the deeps of the ocean
Can bring up the pearl.”
Best of all, perhaps, in the volume, is the poem
which gives a title to the collection, and in
which the Taj Mahal and the church of Christ,
both built “for love's sake,” illustrate the
common theme of all these pieces. It is an
exquisite piece of versification, and its charm
is hardly to be missed by any reader.
The voice of Mrs. Elizabeth Akers Allen
comes also to swell the chorus of religious
song. Her volume is called “The Silver
Bridge and Other Poems," and exhibits care-
ful and even workmanship in a variety of
measures and upon a variety of themes. Next
in prominence to the religious note of her
verse come the notes of sympathy for human
suffering and of delight in natural objects and
scenes. “Her Sphere” and “An Egyptian
Lily” may be taken as examples of the author's
best work, but there is little in her volume
to arrest the attention or cling to the memory
of the reader,
In the verse of Mrs. Celia Thaxter the fa-
miliar themes of religious feeling and natural
beauty are again dealt with, but it is nature
that is uppermost in her thought. This is
frankly avowed in the poem from which we
extract the following stanzas:
“Oh tell me not of heavenly halls,
Or streets of pearl and gates of gold,
Where angel unto angel calls
'Mid splendors of the sky untold;
"My homesick heart would backward turn
To find this dear familiar earth,
To watch its sacred hearth.fires burn.
To catch its songs of joy or mirth.
" I'd lean from out the heavenly choir
To hear once more the red cock crow,
What time the morning's rosy fire
O'er hill and field began to glow.
* I care not what beaven's glories are;
Content am I. More joy it brings
To watch the dandelion's star
Than mystic Saturn's golden rings."


250
[Feb.,
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The verse of Mrs. Thaxter is fresh and health-
ful. It lives in the sunlight and breathes the
pure air of the sea. And it is not without
some share of the imaginative quality essential
to all true poetry.
The volume of the “New Songs and Bal-
lads” of Miss Nora Perry is the least satisfac-
tory of the group now under consideration.
Its poverty of thought is ill concealed by the
novel forms of versification to which resort is
had, and its artificial character appears too
obviously beneath the mask of ease. The
society verses and the Puritan idyls are the
most nearly successful things in the collection,
but even these suffer when compared with any
really good work of their class. What is
noticeable in this as in the other volumes
which we have grouped together is the absence
of anything which betokens marked individu-
ality on the part of the writer. The same
worn themes are treated in the same formal
way; a little more or less of fervor, a feeling
for natural beauty a little stronger or feebler,
an ease of rhythmical expression a little more
or less clearly marked,—these sum up all the
distinctions that can be made between the
writers of these five volumes. They betoken
the same sort and degree of general culture,
and give the same unquestioning acceptance
to the commonplaces of the average mental
process. Almost any piece of one of these
collections might be inserted in any of the
others without introducing an in harmonious
note or calling attention to itself as out of
place. And nearly all of the pieces are such
as any educated person of literary aptitudes
could write if he were inclined to make the
effort.
Turning now from these familiar names to
one hitherto unknown to song, we meet with
a surprise which is rarely occasioned by a first
volume of verse. In "The Sleeping World
and Other Poems,” by Miss Lillien Blanche
Fearing, we find a collection of pieces to which
the conclusions just now drawn are without
application, a volume whose every page reveals
a striking personality, and which, by virtue of
its boldness of expression and originality of
thought, no less than its rhythmical and imag-
inative wealth, calls for a much more attentive
treatment. The 'titular poem of the volume
opens with the fancy of a host of angels
keeping watch over the world by night, to
whose celestial company there comes a stranger
spirit gazing for the first time upon the earth.
Then follows this passage :
“ I love to think of him with flaky feet
Threading the mighty labyrinth of stars,
Amid the choral harmony of spheres,
Looking ethereal darkness through and through
For Earth's pale light to glimmer on his path,
Till he beholds her like a ship afloat
In the blue sea of air that wraps her round;
Her peaceful young moon, like a white sail spread,
Letting its liquid pearls of light drop down
The frosty rigging to the blossoming deck;
Her icy ribs agleam; blue waves of air
Washing her emerald prow."
If we wish to be very literal, we can doubtless
find flaws in this figure or series of figures, but
what words are fit to express its imaginative
splendor and sweep of harmonious sound ? It
is one of those passages, rare even in the highest
verse, whose impress on the mind is instant
and lasting. The swift-winged angel draws
nearer to earth, and,
““. How fair!' the angel whispers as he bends.
Oh, happy man! why should God pity him,
Or angels weep for him? What, sin and grief!
What, shame and tears! What are these mournful
things?
I see no sin and grief, no shame and tears.'"
In reading these lines, one instinctively recalls
the passage already quoted from Tennyson:
“Hesper-Venus-were we native to that splendour, or in
Mars,
We should see the Globe we groan in, fairest of thetr
evening stars.
“Could we dream of wars and carnage, craft and madness,
lust and spite,
Roaring London, raving Paris, in that point of peaceful
light?
"Might we not in glancing heavenward on a star so
silver-fair,
Yearn, and clasp the hands and murmer, Would to God
that we were there?'”.
But the angel comes still nearer, and, as he
looks upon the world of men, the evil of life
is no longer a mystery ; seeing how
"every smile seems balanced by a tear,
And every good seems weighed against some ill;
He veils his bright face with his wings, and weeps."
As we look further into this volume, the
Tennysonian influence here suggested be-
comes emphasised. The story of “Claude and
Eloise” is not only written in the verse of
“Locksley Hall,” but recalls that poem at
many points. Two other poems, “Nothing
New” and “ Worse than Dead," reproduce the
difficult stanza of “In Memoriam,” and the
blank verse pieces show many reminiscences
of Tennysonian study. Here are some char-
acteristic couplets from “ Claude and Eloise":
"Oh, the heart's sweet Indian summer, when love
spreads her tender haze!
Oh, the dreamy, misty splendor of those mellow, cloud.
less days!
"Men are wise,-to their own thinking,-wise in reading
women's souls;
But they read them ill, like children blundering o'er
monastic scrolls.
“We can bear the solemn minor of our own lives better,
when
We can hear the samne chords sounding in the lives of
other men.
"Sorrow is the balm of sorrow; grief may solace grief
again;
Sweet is fellowship in pleasure, sweeter fellowship in
pain."
From“Nothing New" we extract these verses :
" No new tides thunder at their bars;
There is no quickening in the sun,
Men scan the track which he must run,
And count the footsteps of the stars.


1887.)
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THE DIAL
" With iron laws they chain all things
From sea to sun, from earth to star;
They hear the whirlwind pant afar,
And point the circuit of its wings."
For an example of the author's blank verse,
we take the following from “Love and
Doubt," a poem which is read with a far-off
recollection of Tennyson's “Love and Duty."
Love has given way for a moment to Doubt,
and then, recurrent, doubts only its own
worthiness.
" But is this love of mine, all passion-stained,
Doubt-frayed about its golden edges, fit
To enter in thy soul, and weave itself
About the white bloom of thy thoughts, sweet Faith ?"
One more extract, illustrative of still another
form of verse, must suffice us.
“Love spins her magical cocoon
About our souls,-and that's our world.
We think the earth rocks when we shake;
We think the stars clash when we break,
On some still, stormless night in June,
From love's frail leaf about us curled.”
The metaphor and the form of this stanza are
simply faultless. These lines are high, true
poetry, and they have an inspiration all their
own. We have rarely seen a first volume of
such promise as that which contains the pas-
sages just quoted. By its publication, Miss
Fearing steps at once into a high place among
American poets. It is perhaps safe to say that
no American woman before her has sounded so
strong and sustained a note. And if there
comes with increasing years the added power
which may not unreasonably be expected, her
verse will some day be treasured among the
choice possessions of our literature. It now
suffers mainly from the limitations of inexperi-
ence, and these will recede with every added
effort.
WILLIAM MORton PAYNE.
dread of their coming to New England which was
felt in the colonies; the fasts which were observed
in view of the danger, and the laws which were
enacted to expel them if they should come. He
leaves out of view the fact also that the Massachu-
setts Colony was a close corporation; that the com-
pany was the owner of the soil, and had by its
charter the right “to encounter, expulse, repel and
resist, all such person or persons as shall at any
time attempt the invasion of, or annoyance to, the
plantation or its inhabitants." In quoting the
Massachusetts laws which provided for the expul-
sion of the Quakers after they had arrived and had
committed the most unseemly acts, and which
assigned their punishment when they refused to
depart, he omits (p. 49) those passages which stipu-
lated that none of the punishments named should
be administered if the Quakers would depart out of
the jurisdiction of the Colony. The Quakers had
the same right to invade the Massachusetts Colony,
to defy its laws and behave in the disgraceful
manner which characterized their proceedings,
that a party of anarchists would have who should
to-day invade Mr. McCormick's reaper factory,
abuse its owners, defy their authority, and stir up a
riot among the workmen. Whether the Massachu-
setts government treated the invaders in a wise and
judicious manner, is quite another question. It is
now universally admitted that the treatment of the
Quakers was unnecessarily severe, and, judged by
the standards of our day, cruel; but modern Qua-
kers are not the persons to complain, Their ances-
tors were heady and boisterous fanatics, and
sought persecution because they loved it. Martyr-
dom was what they wanted, and a few of them had it.
They all could have escaped punishment by leaving
the Colony. Mr. Hallowell now thinks he made a
mistake in giving his former book the title “The
Quaker Invasion of Massachusetts," as the term
“Invasion ” implies a confession that the Quakers
were the aggressors. It now appears that he
used the term “Invasion " as a bit of Quaker
humor. “I supposed,” he says (p. 41), “that the
irony implied by it was sufficiently apparent.” It
is evidently not safe for Quakers to joke. The
term “Invasion ” was excellent, and needed no
apology. Mr. Hallowell and Mr. Brooks Adams
seem to have been in communication and sympathy
in the preparation of their two books, "The Pioneer
Quakers” and “The Emancipation of Massachu-
setts." The Quaker pats his burly friend gently on
the shoulder, and says: “Mr. Adams's book is a
masterly review of the rise and fall of ecclesiastical
tyranny in Massachusetts.”
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
MR. RICHARD P. HALLOWELL, who wrote some
time ago a book entitled “The Quaker Invasion of
Massachusetts ” (reviewed in THE Dial for June
1883, Vol. IV., p. 32), has issued a small volume
entitled “The Pioneer Quakers ” (Houghton, Mif-
flin & Co.), in which he covers substantially the
same ground as in his former work, and replies to
some of the criticisms which were made upon it.
The writer seems to have been enticed into the lec-
ture field, and his lecture, in an amplified form, is
given in the new publication. Mr. Hallowell is a
descendant of the Quakers who invaded Massachu-
setts more than two centuries ago, and met with a
rough reception from the hardy old Puritans whose
ecclesiastical and political paradise they invaded.
Mr. Hallowell is evidently a sincere and conscien-
tious man; but he cannot see that there is more
than one side to the question, and that the party
invaded had any rights which the invaders were
bound to respect. In his statement of the case he
carefully avoids any mention of the fantastic, ex-
orbitant and riotous conduct of the Quakers in
England before they came to Massachusetts; the
MR, FROTHINGHAM'S “Memoir of William Henry
Chanping” (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.) presents a
man of intensely ideal qualities, which by their
very excess produced whatever weaknesses could
be attributed to him. He was an enthusiast, and
passed for a mystic and a visionary. The prime
motive of his life was the service of humanity; and
whatever waverings of mind or will affected his
belief or his career, he was steadfast and constant
in his devotion to the advancement of his race in
goodness and truth. He was born of a remarkable
family, the son of the eldest of four brothers who
were eminently endowed with the elements of
genius. His father died in the year of his birth,
1810; his uncles, Dr. W. E. Channing, Dr. Walter
Channing, and Prof. E. T. Channing, were among


252
[Feb.,
THE DIAL
the foremost men of New England in their genera 1848. This book, entitled “Le Romantisme Fran-
tion. William Henry inherited a large share of their çais" (Putnam), is edited for the use of schools and
intellectual gifts, refined and etherealized by the colleges and provided with an introduction and
influences of an exceedingly nervous, sensitive, notes. Praise of it is superfluous to the many who
poetic and emotional organization. His lot was cast know the author's other works or who are witnesses
among scholars, thinkers, and reformers, and from to his unerring precision in the class-room. The
the first he became one of them. He graduated selections are chosen with great judgment from
from Harvard at nineteen, and soon after began the Victor Hugo, Alfred de Musset, George Sand,
study of divinity. It was a time of extraordinary | Balzac, Mérimée, Gautier, and Sainte-Beuve. The
religious ferment, and he was unable to hold his ! too short introduction of twenty-eight pages traces
creed firm amid the general disquiet. Yet he ad- this remarkable literary movement to its origins and
hered to the Unitarian faith, which allowed room gives brief biographies of the authors of the selec-
for successive changes and expansions of even its tions. The succinct notes tell the student just
fundamental doctrines. After his admission to the what he would be at a loss to find out for himself,
ministry, Mr. Channing preached in Meadville, Pa., and there is a bait to more extended study in the
Cincinnati, O., Rochester, N. Y., and in and around shape of a valuable list of works to be consulted.
Boston, remaining over no charge long, but seeming As an introduction to a memorable period of liter-
to win the hearts of his people in every church he ary history and to a brilliant group of authors, it
occupied. In 1854 he accepted a call to Liverpool, leaves little to be desired.
England; and thenceforth, with the exception of
intervals passed in his native land, he spent the With the “ Sir Philip Sidney" of Mr. Symonds,
remainder of his life in his adopted country. At the “ English Men of Letters " series (Harper) ap-
the beginning of our war, Mr. Channing returned pears in a new dress. No man could be better
to the United States, and while the strife qualified to write about Sidney than this earnest
lasted he labored unceasingly as chaplain and and accomplished scholar, whose literary activity of
as hospital nurse in the city of Washington. late has been almost phenomenal. He has given
During his life in America he was identified us a biography of the typical figure among English
with every progressive movement,-with anti gentlemen of the Elizabethan times, which leaves
slavery, Fourierism, the Brook Farm experiment, little to be desired. In one sense his task has been
women's rights, etc. As the editor of the original an easy one, and in another difficult. As a biogra-
memoirs of Margaret Fuller, and as author of the pher his work was little more than plain sailing.
biography of Dr. W. E. Channing and of sundry The facts of Sidney's life are few and easily ascer-
volumes of sermons and disquisitions, his name has tained, and have not been made the subject of any
an estimable place in our literary annals. His only very serious dispute. From Fulke Greville down,
son achieved high honors at Oxford, and is now a his biographers have been substantially in agree-
member of Parliament; while one of his daughters ment. On the other hand, the author has had the
became the wife of Mr. Edwin Arnold. Mr. very difficult task of accounting for Sidney's im-
Channing died near the close of 1882. His story is | mense reputation, which seems to our age so greatly
written with diffuseness and with but little to exceed anything that is warranted by his achieve-
method; still there is little contained in it which is ments. He has probably done as much of this as it
not without interest, or which to the leisurely was possible for anyone to do. We shall never be
reader might not be perused with profit. Mr. | able to understand fully why all England went into
Channing was a fascinating personality, and the mourning at Sidney's death. His services as a
glimpses of his friends and co-workers, in this courtier and a diplomatist were considerable, but
country and in England, together with the history not greatly beyond those of many others who met
of the intellectual and philanthropic causes in with no such public recognition. And it could not
which they were engaged, make up a volume of have been on the score of literature, for none of his
unquestionable value.
writings were published during his lifetime, and
none, consequently, were known io more than a few
OF hopeful augury for the “new education," and friendly readers. We must fall back upon the
significant of the exhaustless wealth of modern theory that Sidney's eminence was due to his
literatures in materials for mind-building nowise approaching more closely, perhaps, than anyone
inferior to those drawn from the less accessible else then in public life, to the ideals of manly
quarries of Greece and Rome, is the circumstance excellence and virtuous conduct held in England;
that our most accomplished scholars are beginning and to fully understand his position, we should
to busy themselves in bringing these materials have to reconstruct both the ideal itself and the
within the reach of the ordinary student and reader. human personality which so harmonized with it.
Eminent specialists are, one after another, prepar-
ing grammars, each surpassing its predecessor, and THERE is no excuse for taking another author's
are editing and re-editing the most renowned title, as is done by the Rev. Dr. Buckley in "The
French and German texts, for the benefit of students Midnight Sun" (Lothrop). This title is well known
of every degree of advancement. For students to belong to an earlier work by Paul du Chaillu.
who have overcome the chief formal difficulties of Dr. Buckley has given a volume of interesting notes
the French language, perhaps no more judicious on Norway, Sweden, and Russia, the result of a
guide is to be found than Thomas Frederick Crane, , recent extended tour through those countries. In
Professor of the Romance Languages in Cornell order to enjoy the spectacle of the midnight sun,
University. Professor Crane now follows up his he travelled by steamer along the Norwegian coast,
“ Tableaux de la Révolution Française” (reviewed visiting Hamerfest, the most northerly town on the
in THE DIAL, October, 1884), with a series of globe, and finally, on the 25th of July, scaling the
selections from the leading writers of the French precipitous cliffs of North Cape, nearly a thousand
Romantic School of the period between 1824 and feet above the sea and only 1315 miles from the


1887.]
253
THE DIAL
Pole. While in Russia, Dr. Bucklcy devoted his ' with Rogers, --who met, in short, the best society
inquiries, wherever possible, to the subject of ! in London,-could not help mingling in his gossip
Nihilism. He studied the peculiar features of the l of past times many scraps of information useful as
government, the church, and the people, marking material for history. Sir Francis read law in the
carefully their condition and prospects, and appar half-hearted way in which he studied at Eton and
ently in a spirit of catholicity and candor. As a Oxford; and, meeting with poor success as a bar-
result of his investigations, he was convinced that rister, accepted the position of Receiver-General of
the operations of Nihilism have confirmed the rigid Customs. In 1867 he was elected Professor of
rule of the autocracy, and created a reaction against Poetry at Oxford. He was himself something of a
liberal measures which will retard indefinitely the poet, and published one or more collections of verse
progress of freedom in Russia. He believes that i --from which, as he states good-humoredly, he was
the nation is unfit for self-government, and that never benefited pecuniarily.
centuries of development will be required to prepare
the people to take part in the erection and the man The philosophical circles of St. Louis society
agement of free political institutions. The evidences were startled, a few months ago, by the explosion in
and conclusions presented by Dr. Buckley upon their midst of a sort of satirical bomb in the shape
these important questions occupy a large portion of of a little book called - The Odyssey Club" (D.
his volume, and, being candidly and thoughtfully Lothrop & Co.) The gentle anarchist from whose
treated, throw a good deal of light on an obscure hand it was cast acknowledged the deed under the
but most attractive subject.
name of Agnes Gragg, but her real personality was
as readily divined as that of the other people whom
A TRIBUTE to the heroism of the American sol she described. Those who know the ways of such
dier is generously awarded by Gen. Theo. F. Roden- | literary and philosophical classes as that depicted
bough, in the volume entitled “Uncle Sam's Medal in this book will read it with a good deal of amuse-
of Honor” (G. P. Putnam's Sons). It acquaints the ment. The solemn nonsense of which "the
reader with the valorous deeds by which some of professor" and his more adept pupils are delivered
the brave men in our armies have earned a military is of the kind which flourishes in the genial atmos-
distinction dearer to them than rank or authority. phere of “schools of philosophy" in the American
The United States medal of honor was instituted sense, and those who are initiated into the philo-
by Congress in 1862, as a reward for gallant conduct sophical mysteries of Concord and St. Louis will
in the presence of the enemy. The list of those easily recognize the figure of the professor" him-
on whom it was bestowed during the war of the self. “What is the problem of the Iliad ?” he asks,
Rebellion has been very recently published; but and, having to answer his own question, says that
the names of the more than three hundred who it is “the redemption of the sex from orientalism."
have received the decoration since the battles for But it was surely a wanton exaggeration of the
the Union were ended have not before been given contradiction that reigns in love affairs for the
to the world. As a nation, we are singularly chary writer to make Rose Duane fall in love with "the
of rewards to the men who serve the republic in professor," the worthlessness of whose method and
any of its departments, however faithful or self assumptions she understands so well and parodies
sacrificing or efficient may be the duties they per so cleverly. When she succumbs to the spell she
form. In according the medal of honor, there is no ceases to mock, and we miss the commentary of
flourish of trumpets, no announcement to the public her sparkling scepticism.
of a valiant man's achievement, but as a rule a silent
transmission through the mail of a badge which ALFRED STEVENS is known to art lovers and
declares to the recipient and the few intimates to connoisseurs as a painter of portraits, who chooses
whom he may exhibit it that an act of signal cour his subjects chiefly among women and children.
age has marked him as worthy of a peculiar recog He is a Belgian, born in Brussels in 1828; but the
nition. The exploits described by Gen. Rodenbough greater part of his life has been spent in Paris. He
are taken at random from the history of the medal is an exponent of the modern French school; nev.
of honor, and but fairly illustrate the daring and ertheless his pictures are distinguished by thought
skill of the men who compose the rank and file of as well as technique. His mind is penetrative and
the American army.
inquisitive, seeking for the hidden causes and mo-
tives of things. His reflections upon men and art
SIR FRANCIS HASTINGS DOYLE'S "Reminiscences remind one strongly of our own William Hunt,
and Opinions" (Appleton) find their value chiefly in who was one of the most astute commentators
the anecdotes and incidents related of the distin upon human life. A booklet containing a collection
guished friends and contemporaries of the author, of