that nearly seventeen per
cent. of the whole number were wholly inex-
perienced, that the average length of service
was between seven and eight years, and that
only fifteen per cent. of the teachers in the
schools of the country had passed through a
normal school.
While much has been said and written upon
the two defects in our system that we are con-
sidering—the ill preparation of teachers when
they enter the schools, and the frequent chan-
ges within the body—not much has been said,
so far as I am aware, upon their relative mag-
nitude or seriousness. How do they compare?
Probably most persons would lay emphasis, and
perhaps heavy emphasis, upon ill preparation.
This may be the true view, but I am not fully
pursuaded that it is so. Let us look into the
matter more closely.
Mr. William E. Anderson, when Superin-
tendent of the Schools of Milwaukee, ten or
twelve years ago, found the changes in the
personnel of the teaching corps of that city to
be from ten to twelve per cent. annually. A
well-known Michigan superintendent found
the ratio to be about the same in his city.
Applying this ratio to such cities as Chicago,
Philadelphia, and New York, what an appall-
ing result we have! But this is not all :
changes in the personnel of the force necesitate
changes in the assignment of the remaining
teachers to schools and grades, and these changes
are probably equal in number to those resulting
from the other cause. It is easy to say that some
of these changes are for the good of the schools;
that some of the teachers who come are better
than some who go, and that inter-school and
inter-grade changes are often beneficial. This
is true enough, but it is no proper offset to
the evil that flows from unnecessary or un-
desirable changes. It is undeniable that
changes in the corps is one of the great sour-
ces of waste in our public schools. No one
knows this better than the experienced super-
intendent. He labors hard to get his force in
good working order, to effect the necessary
adjustments upon which the success of the
schools so closely depends,-and only to see
the whole organism broken up, or seriously
deranged, at the end of the year.
This is in the cities. In the rural districts
the case is still worse. In 1886 a competent
authority found that the schools in Calhoun
County, Michigan, required 158 teachers, and
that 342 different ones were employed in the
course of the year; also that the average length
of the school year in the county was 8.4 months,
while the average time for which the teachers
served was but 3.8 months. He found also
that the ratio of the teachers required to the
teachers employed was about the same through-
out the state, the tenure being longer in the
newer counties than in the older ones. Since
that time there has been a considerable, if not
a marked, improvement in the mode of employ-
ing teachers in Michigan, as well as in other
states; but the reform should go still farther.
Why should not people change their bankers,
lawyers, ministers, dentists, physicians, once in
three or six months as well as their teachers ?
We may scrutinize still more closely the loss
that unnecessary changes entail upon the pupils
of schools. We may justly say that a large
majority of the inexperienced teachers wish to
do their duty, and make an effort to do it;
they try to overcome in some measure their
limitations arising out of their lack of prepar-


144
[March 1,
THE DIAL
ation, for which they are by no means fully
responsible; and, as the result of wish and
effort, they make some commendable progress
in mastering their art. But by the time they,
or many of them, come to be really useful to
their employers, they retire from the work,
making room for new teachers who are as inex-
perienced as they were at the beginning, and
thus the Sysyphian labor is renewed. At what
cost to pupils is the progress made by these
successive relays of teachers earned Some
years ago, a Kentucky court, seeking to cut off
some of the circumventions by which teachers
strive to evade the law in regard to certificates,
made these very pertinent remarks:
“The purpose of requiring a certificate is to be as-
sured of the qualifications of the teacher in advance.
He is not to practice on his pupils, keep one day ahead
of his class, and thus, by going to school to himself, fit
himself to stand the ordeal of an examination which he
could not have stood at the beginning. Such a pro-
cedure is a fraud on the district.”
The principle here involved would bear much
wider application. The procedure described is
not only “a fraud on the district,” but it is a
crime on the children. How many teachers in
the United States at the present time learn to
teach, so far as they do learn, by “practicing
on their pupils,” and thus “going to school to
themselves”
In view of all the premises, what should be
done? What is the demand of the hour? The
comprehensive answer to this question is, Raise
the teacher's calling in the estimation of teach-
ers and of the whole people. How shall this
be done? Of the numerous points that a full
answer to this second question would involve,
I mention only three, and these as briefly as
possible.
1. The character of the teaching function,
and especially the teacher's calling, must be
made the subject of constant direct appeal to
the public. There is urgent need of an educa-
tional campaign on the subject of education
under its theoretical, practical, and historical
aspects.
2. The preparation of teachers must be im-
proved by direct efforts to that end. It is an
undeniable fact, and a cheering one, that as a
rule the better the work the teacher does, the
longer his term of service. There can be no
doubt that one reason why the tenure of city
teachers is longer than country teachers is the
fact that, as a class, they represent a much
higher grade of preparation.
3. The folly of the incessant changes occur-
ring in our corps of teachers must be dealt with
directly and effectively, as far as possible. This
will conduce to better preparation and to bet-
ter teaching. It is true, of course, that the
teaching body as a whole will undergo, and
ought to undergo, constant changes, since
changes are incident to human life and society;
but this is no defence of the wretched system
that prevails at present.
In this struggle there is much to encourage
the friends of education. Dr. Harris has shown
that from 1880 to 1897 the enrollment in public
normal schools increased from about 10,000 to
over 40,000 pupils, or fourfold; and that in the
same period private normal schools increased
from 2,000 to 24,000, or twelvefold. In 1880
there were 240 normal students in each million
of inhabitants; in 1897 there were 976 in each
million. We may take courage from the un-
doubted fact that education in the United
States, inferior as it may be in many respects,
is still on the rising grade.
B. A. HINSDALE.
BYRON'S INFLUENCE UPON GOETHE.”
“I have simply run through the world. I have clutched
everything by the hair. . . . I have longed and attained, and
then longed again, and thus with might have stormed through
life.”
These words of the aged Faust, who, nearing his
end, casts a retrospective glance over his past life,
might well be taken to characterize Byron. But
only so far as we quote is the passage applicable: of
the development hinted at in the following lines, he
was utterly incapable. Flaring up like some strange
meteor before the gaze of his astonished contempo-
raries, his sudden plunge from the highest heights
into death was far more favorable for his fame than
a gradual decline and a lingering setting would have
been. It was not without reason that Goethe
said:
“Although Byron died so young, yet literature has not lost
materially by him, so far as a more extended range of writing
is concerned. He had reached the height of his creative
power, and, whatever he might have written afterward, he
could not have passed the natural boundaries of his talent.”
The last stage of the development of Byron is
that of his “Cain,” who goes into exile uttering the
despairing cry, “And I?” The answer to this
pessimism is to be found in the Second Part of
“Faust.”
The date of Goethe's first acquaintance with
Byron's works cannot be exactly determined. It
must have been, however, sometime between 1812
(the date of the publication of the first two cantos
*See note on page 161 of this issue. — [EDR.]


1900.]
THE DIAL 145
of “Childe Harold”) and 1816. On May 4 of the
latter year he wrote to Eichstädt, “I have just
learned of the English poet Lord Byron, who de-
serves our interest,” and inquires after a life of
the poet. Corresponding to this is an entry in the
“Tag—und Jahresheften,” 1816:
“My interestin foreign literature centred actively upon the
poems of Byron, who became ever more prominent and
attracted me to him more and more, notwithstanding the fact
that at first he had repelled me by his hypochondriacal pas-
sion and by his bitter self-hatred, and that it was only with
difficulty that I could approach his great personality. I read
the ‘Corsair' and ‘Lara' not without sympathy and admira-
tion.”
From this statement we perceive that at first the
fully-rounded nature of the German Altmeister
found great difficulty in befriending itself with the
skeptical, one-sided, misanthropic poet. In the fol-
lowing year, however, his interest was not less
active.
“English poetry and literature occupied a most prominent
place this year. The more the public acquainted itself with
the peculiarities of Lord Byron's wonderful spirit, the more
sympathy he gained, so that men and women, youths and
maidens, appeared to forget their German nationality. As it
became easier to obtain his works, I also formed the habit of
busying myself with him more and more. He became to me
a valued contemporary, and I followed him eagerly upon the
wandering paths of his life.”
From this time on we find repeatedly in Goethe's
journals, letters, and conversations references to this
or that work of Byron. His interest is especially
excited by the publication of “Manfred,” in 1817.
On the 13th of October of that year he writes to
Knebel:
“The most noteworthy publication of recent date was the
tragedy “Manfred,” by Byron. This remarkable poet has
absorbed my “Faust,” and has drawn out from it the strangest
food for his hypochondria. He has used every motive in his
own way, so that not one of them is identical [with mine],
and just for this very reason I cannot sufficiently admire his
genius. . . . Yet withal I do not deny that the sullen glow of
an unbounded despair becomes wearisome after a time. And
still the vexation which one feels is always coupled with re-
spect and admiration.”
To Boissérée he writes, on the first of May, 1818,
that “an extraordinary spirit, great talent, insight
into the world, and self-consciousness reign therein”
(i.e., in “Manfred’); and in “Kanst und. Alter-
tum” he devotes a detailed discussion to it, part of
which runs as follows:
“We find, then, here the real quintessence of the opinions
and passions of this most wonderful talent, born to self-
torment. . . . He has often enough confessed what tortures
him; he has presented it repeatedly, until hardly anyone has
sympathy longer with that unendurable suffering of his.”
These strictures show that Goethe's admiration was
tempered by a healthy scorn of Byron's unwhole-
some melancholy.
Goethe's assertion that Byron had imitated
“Faust,” and his assumption that “Manfred” had
for its foundation a double murder caused by the
poet's passion for a married woman in Florence,
were sufficient to touch the sensitive Englishman
to the quick. He decided to revenge himself on
Goethe by an ironical dedication to him of his
“Marino Falieri.” The dedication was written,
and sent to his publisher, Murray; but the latter
had the good sense to suppress it. Ten years later,
Goethe learned of this dedication through the
younger Murray.
From “Manfred” Goethe translated the “Curse”
(I. 1), and the “Monologue’ (II. 2), of which
latter he said, “Hamlet's Soliloquy appears here
intensified.” It is not without interest to compare
these two translations with the original. The
“Curse” is translated into the original metre, but
without rhyme. The sense of the “Monologue” is
given for the most part excellently, but one notes a
few minor errors.
ByRoN. GoFTHE.
“Days “Tage
Steal on us and steal from | Bestehlend, stehlen sie sich
us.” weg.”
BYRoN. GoFTHE.
“In all the days of this de- || “In all' den Tagen der ver-
tested yoke.” wunschten Posse.”
Goethe has evidently read joke for yoke, and it is
possible that the edition which he used contained
this misprint, although I have not found it in any
edition accessible to me.
Again we read:
BYRON.
“What is she now?—a suf-
ferer for my sins-
A thing Idare not think upon
— or nothing.”
GoFTHE.
“Was ist sie jetzt? Für
meine Sündenbüsst sie–
Ein Wesen” Denk’es nicht
–Weilleicht ein Nichts.”
Here Goethe has entirely missed the meaning.
BYRON. - GoFTHE.
“And champion human || “Der Erde Schrecken ruf'
fears.” ich auf.”
It is praise rather than blame to say that Goethe
was not a good translator. His translations lack
entirely the Byronic tone, and are no longer Byron,
but Goethe. The transmutation is so complete as
to be striking in the highest degree.
For “ Kunst und. Altertum,” Goethe wrote a
notice of the first two cantos of “Don Juan.” (1821),
and translated the first five stanzas of this work.
“Cain’” also received a full discussion from his
pen.
In spite of noteworthy waverings of opinion,
Goethe's admiration for Byron grew with his years,
but from the very first he had estimated the poet's
character correctly. From the oft-quoted passages
in his letters and conversations we need not again
adduce examples as evidence. Byron, for his part,
seems to have been flattered by so much attention
from the older master, and sent him in 1821 a
proposed dedication to “Sardanapalus,” inscribed
to him in the most flattering terms, and attended by
a request for permission to print it at the beginning
of the drama. The dedication was accepted, but,
through the carelessness of Murray, was omitted in
printing. “Notwithstanding this,” says Goethe,
“the noble Lord did not give up his intention of
showing a signal evidence of friendly feeling to his
German contemporary and literary comrade; and


146
[March 1,
THE DIAL
consequently the Tragedy ‘Werner' bears on its
front a highly-prized memorial.”
In the spring of 1823 an English traveller brought
a letter from Byron to Weimar, which Goethe an-
swered by the well-known poem,
“Ein freundlich Wort kommt eines mach dem Andern,”
mingling friendly admonition with cordial appre-
ciation. Byron had already set sail for Greece, but
was detained by a storm in the harbor of Leghorn,
and here Goethe's answer reached him. He replied
by a written greeting.
So much for the personal and literary relations
of the two during Byron's lifetime. It is not within
the limits of our task to consider Goethe's influence
on Byron, however interesting the investigation
might prove. Byron owes the form at least of his
“Manfred ” and “Deformed Transformed ” to
Goethe, as well as the opening lines of the “Bride
of Abydos,” which he imitated from Mignon's song,
as translated by Madame de Staël into French.
All of Byron's knowledge of German authors was
through translations or through the kind offices of
Shelley and of “Monk” Lewis. On the other hand,
the youthful and erratic genius of Byron had worked
as a mighty inspiration upon Goethe, bearing as its
fruit the character of Euphorion in the Second Part
of “Faust.” Yet even at this late stage the ten-
dency to blame.as well as praise the English poet
was manifest, for we know that Goethe had at
one time intended to satirize Byron as one of the
throng of poets introduced into the Second Part of
“Faust.” -
Besides the traces of Byron which we have just
mentioned, Goethe has adapted one of Byron's epi-
grams, a fact which seems to have been overlooked
up to this time. We quote first Goethe's rendition:
“Nein, für den Poeten ist's zu viel,
Dieses entsetzliche Strafgericht.
Werdammtist mein Trauerspiel,
Und die alte Tante nicht!”
This is first published in 1833. The original is not
found in Byron's collected works, but in Medwin's
“Conversations with Byron.”
“Behold the blessings of a happy lot!
My play is damned, and Lady — is not l”
Medwin explains the epigram as an allusion to two
letters received by Byron in the same mail, the one
containing the news that “Marino Falieri" had
failed at Drury Lane Theatre; and the other, that
an old woman [Lady Milbanke?], from whom he
had expected to inherit money, would probably sur-
vive her hundredth birthday. Without this explana-
tion, Goethe's epigram, as well as that of Byron, is
sheer nonsense.
A satirical stanza, beginning,
“Lord Byron ohne Scham und Schein,”
may be referred to here, merely for the sake of
completeness. The introduction of the poet's name
alone connects the verse with him. In Goethe's
posthumous writings occurs another poem referring
to Byron, i.e.,
“Stark von Faust, gewandt im Rat.”
Eckermann would have us believe that the Ma-
rienbad Elegy was influenced by Byron, because
greater strength of feeling is expressed in it than in
other of Goethe's poems written at this time ! It is
true that Goethe told the Chancellor von Müller that
everybody in Marienbad was talking about Byron
and Scott, but is not Goethe's ardor to be ascribed
rather to his sudden and passionate admiration for
Ulrike von Levezow than to so remote a cause?
This absurd proposition is an excellent example of
the lengths to which a would-be literateur will go
when out on a Quellenjagd.
In the third act of the Second Part of “Faust”
is Byron's real memorial at the hands of Goethe.
This third act appeared for the first time in 1827,
under the title “Helena.” The son of Faust the
exponent of Romanticism, and of Helena the expo-
nent of the classic spirit, appears here as Euphorion-
Byron, the exponent of the modern subjective age.
Goethe himself has given us the key to his charac-
terization.
“As representative of the most recent poetic period, I could
use no one except him who is to be regarded as without ques-
tion the greatest talent of the century. And then, Byron is
not antique, neither is he romantic, but he is like the present
day itself. I had to have such a character. He suited also
perfectly because of his discontented nature, and of his com-
bative tendency, which brought him to destruction at Misso-
lunghi. . . . I had planned the catastrophe formerly in quite
another manner—and once quite well. Then time brought
me this matter of Byron and Missolunghi, and I let every-
thing else go.”
And how was Euphorion to be conceived? Let
us read a few sentences from Goethe's own charac-
terization of Byron, one of the most shrewd analyses
of the poet existent.
“One may very well say that his uncontrolled nature was
his ruin. . . . He lived passionately for each day, without
thought of the morrow, nor did he consider what he did. . . .
Everywhere the bounds were too narrow for him, and even
with the most unlimited personal liberty he felt himself rest-
ive. . . . He felt ever the poetic impulse, and all that ema-
nated from the man, especially from his heart, was excellent.”
Goethe said this to Eckermann in 1825, that is,
just at the time when he had resumed work on the
“Helena” and was vigorously pushing it forward.
And all that he expresses here as a critic, he repeats
in “Faust” as a poet.
Let us examine the conception of Euphorion in
detail.
Soon after his miraculous birth the heavenly boy
seizes the lyre, “already announcing himself as the
future master of all beauty, in whose members
eternal harmonies are stirring.” At once Phorkyas
proclaims that the time of the old gods is past, and
that the time of the new subjective song has come.
“List! the fairest harmonies! Quickly free yourself from
fables. Away with the old multitude of your gods, - their
day is past. No one will understand you longer: we demand
a higher tribute; for that must come from the heart which is
to work upon the heart.”
Compare with this the last sentence in the quota-
tion above: “And all which emanated from the
man, especially from his heart, was excellent.”
Euphorion's restless nature, ever striving upward


1900.] THE
TXIAL 147
and onward, and forgetting itself only for the mo-
ment even in love's dalliance, now finds its ade-
quate expression. This same unrestrained, restless
longing in the real prototype Goethe excellently
characterizes as his tendency toward the limitless.
It is Byron himself, the Byron of “Cain" and of
“Manfred,” who says: “That which is easily gained
is repulsive to me. Only that which is won by force
really delights me.”
The all-ruling love of nature, so evident through-
out Byron's poems, finds beautiful expression in
Goethe's verses.
“A crowding of rocks here, between the forest thickets.
Why these bounds for me, –me who am young and strong?
The winds are rushing there, the waves are roaring there,
I hear both from afar, -fain were I near.”
“It was too narrow for him everywhere,” says
Goethe. Then follows the allusion to his revolu-
tionary spirit: -
“Will you bring in the day of peace by dreaming? Dream
he who may. War is the watchword.”
And upon this follows the last flight, the fall:
“Icarus ! Icarus! Sorrow enough l’’
Goethe is not the only German who has composed
a dirge upon Byron. We recall those of Alfred
Meissner, of Heine, of Wilhelm Müller; but none
has equalled his in quiet, sorrowful majesty.
“Not alone, wheresoe'er thou tarriest.”
Goethe says himself: “The chorus falls entirely
out of its rôle in this elegy; it suddenly becomes
earnest and highly reflective, and utters that of
which it never thought and never could think.”
This is a true statement, not, however, a true criti-
cism. Lovingly, with almost womanly idealization,
Goethe has set Byron a memorial such as his own
nation never dreamed of. Banned from his own
country during his lifetime, wilfully misunderstood
and misrepresented after his death, he found else-
where universally recognition and acceptance.
In conclusion, we venture to assert that what
really influenced Goethe was Byron's brilliant per-
sonality and romantic life, to which the fact of his
being a “noble Lord” undoubtedly lent additional
charm. Of a distinct literary influence there is no
trace. But that the greatest German of his age was
so quick to recognize in Byron a poetic spirit of
high order, perhaps of the highest order, ought not
be forgotten at the moment of our somewhat tardy
Byron-revival. ANNA M. BowFN.
COMMUNICATIONS.
A QUESTION OF PROPRIETY.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
In his excellent articles on Henrik Ibsen, published
in THE DIAL during recent years (the last one being
in the issue for February 16), Mr. William Morton
Payne seems to delight in referring to the poet as Dr.
Ibsen. To be sure, it is perfectly correct to do so, as
Ibsen has received the degree from a university of
recognized standing, but is it necessary and desirable
to call a great poet doctor? Suppose Oxford or Cam-
bridge had conferred the same degree upon Shakes-
peare, Milton, Byron, or Shelley : would it not offend
us to hear the critics speak of Dr. Shakespeare, Dr.
Milton, Dr. Byron, or Dr. Shelley? It is true we refer
to Samuel Johnson as Dr. Johnson, but his case is dif-
ferent. He courted the title and was flattered by it.
I have heard many intelligent admirers of the great
Norwegian dramatist offer protests against Mr. Payne's
practice of calling him Dr. Ibsen. A great poet needs
no honorary degree : he is great enough without it,
and, instead of adding dignity to his name, it seems
to detract. Ibsen did not court any degree ; his
countrymen never call him Dr. Ibsen, and are inclined
to ridicule those who do as pedantic.
MARTIN ODLAND.
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Feb. 23, 1900.
[The writer referred to in the above communica-
tion simply follows the uniform practice of THE
DIAL in mentioning the names of living men and
women. We believe it to be a matter of the merest
good manners to speak of people in print as we
should speak to them in private conversation. If
we were addressing Dr. Ibsen personally, we cer-
tainly should not call him “Ibsen,” and are unwill-
ing to offer him that discourtesy when writing about
him. If we did not call him “Dr.” we should be
obliged to call him “Herr,” which our critic would
probably think equally pedantic. Thus the cases
of Shakespeare and Byron, who are not among the
living, have no bearing upon the question. Our
practice in this matter illustrates one of those “little
touches”— to use Professor Peck's phrase—that
mean so much to persons of refined taste. The
habit which Germans and Scandinavians have of
denying in print to their living fellow-countrymen
the titles whereby gentlemen designate one another
is a thing which — as far as it goes — indicates an
imperfect civilization, and it is one of the minor de-
pravities of the American newspaper that it so
encourages this form of rudeness that we should now
be taken to task for observing the ordinary ameni-
ties of social intercourse.—EDR. THE DIAL.]
“JANE AUSTEN AND THACKERAY.”
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
In regard to the question (if question it be) raised
in Mr. Matthews's letter on “Jane Austen and Thack-
eray” in your current number, let me suggest that a
reference to Mrs. Ritchie's “Chapters from Some Un-
written Memoirs” will clear up the matter. Mrs.
Ritchie tells a story there, if I remember aright, of a
meeting between her father and Miss Bronté that may
well have been floating vaguely in the mind of the New
York newspaper writer when he described, on Mrs.
Ritchie's authority, Thackeray's wonderful encounter
with Miss Austen. The substitution of Jane Austen
for the author of “Jane Eyre" was an easy matter for
a trained journalist. W. R. K.
Pittsfield, Mass., Feb. 19, 1900.


148
[March 1,
THE DIAL
Čbe tº $ochs.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE BRITISH ARMY.”
Mr. Fortescue is a civilian, but his scholarly
“History of the British Army” cannot fail to
win the respect of the intelligent military read-
er. Mr. Fortescue's valuable book is con-
ceived and thus far carried out in the spirit of
the scientific historian. The more romantic
and picturesque side of his theme has for him
but a secondary interest; and this we must
consider a fortunate characteristic, since, while
the exploits in the field of the British Army
have been more than sufficiently celebrated in
sounding prose by competent pens, the not less
important record of its growth or evolution ab
ovo as a national establishment has hitherto
been strangely neglected.
It is to this comparatively unworked field of
research that Mr. Fortescue mainly applies him.
self. In thus stating what appears to us to be
the essential or distinctive feature of the work
it is not intended to imply that the author has
neglected the military aspect of his subject.
It would be impossible to write even what
may be called the bare natural history of the
British Army without depicting in some detail
the great battles and campaigns which materi-
ally affected its development and character by
instituting more or less radical changes in
organization, tactics, or equipments. Mr. For-
tescue's account of the political and adminis-
trative side of British military history thus
runs concurrently with the judiciously com-
pressed and selective recital of the British
soldier's achievements in the field, the reader
being constantly reminded that it is primarily
the evolution of the Army as a national estab-
lishment that the author is aiming to trace out
and illustrate.
Mr. Fortescue's powers of picturesque descrip-
tion are moderate; his analysis of military oper-
ations is concise and clear; and the fact that he
is a civilian has not deterred him from exercis-
ing a considerable degree of independence of
judgment. The average reader, accustomed to
the conventional view of General Wolfe, will
be surprised at Mr. Fortescue's estimate of
the much vaunted victory on the plains of
Abraham, which was due more to good luck
and the virtual mental collapse of the French
commander than to good generalship, and was
*A History of THE BRITIsh ARMY. By the Hon. J. W.
Fortescue. In two volumes, with maps. New York: The
Macmillan Co.
essentially a gambler's throw of a general who
had failed to see his real strategical opportu-
nity. Says Mr. Fortescue:
“. . . It is quite incontestible that the credit for the
fall of Quebec belongs rather to the Navy than to the
Army. . . . It still remains for enquiry why Wolfe did
not take earlier advantage of the opportunities opened
to him by the fleet; and even after allowance is made
for his constant illness, the answer is not readily found.
The measures which led to the decisive action were, as
has been told, taken on the advice of his brigadiers,
and, if Montcalm had not succumbed to positive infa-
tuation, would very likely have brought Wolfe to a
court-martial.”
It is easy, as the author observes, to be wise
after the event; but a careful analysis of the
whole record of the operations at Quebec goes
to show that Wolfe's reputation as a soldier
has been somewhat unduly enhanced by the
tradition of his virtues as a man and of his
heroic death in the hour of victory.
Mr. Fortescue's design is to write, in four
volumes of about six hundred pages each, the
history of the British Army down to the year
1870. The two volumes now ready carry the
story down to the Peace of Paris in 1763, and
the two forthcoming volumes will bring it
forward to the great reforms which virtually
closed the life of the old Army and opened
that of the new. The common assumption, as
Mr. Fortescue notes, that the history of the
Army begins with the 14th of February, 1661,
is inaccurate, since the continuity of the ex-
istence of the Coldstream Guards, a regiment
of the New Model, was practically unbroken
by the ceremony of Saint Valentine's day.
This famous corps therefore forms a link which
binds the New Model army of the Long Par-
liament to the army of Queen Victoria. But
as the very name New Model indicates that
there was an earlier and older model, the his-
torian of the Army is not justified in begin-
ning with the Long Parliament's Ordinance of
Feb. 15, 1645, but is thrown back to the out-
break of the Civil War. It is found that at
that period King and Parliament had avail-
able for purposes of military organization a
body of trained and experienced officers who
had learnt their trade abroad, and mainly in
the Low Countries. The historian is thus led
back to the Thirty Years' War, to the tens and
even hundreds of thousands of English and
Scots who fought for pay and Protestantism
under Gustavus and Maurice of Nassau. But,
having gone back two generations before the
Civil War for the germ of the New Model, it is
found to be impossible to pause there. For in


1900.] THE
TXIAL 149
the earlier years of Elizabeth's reign we are con-
fronted with an important period in English
military history, with a break in old traditions,
with concessions to foreign ideas and adoption
of foreign practices—albeit such concessions
were then as always distasteful to the nation:
“For there were memories to which the English
clung with pathetic tenacity, not in Elizabeth's day
only but even to the midst of the Civil War, the mem-
ories of King Harry the Fifth, of the Black Prince, of
Edward the Third, and of the unconquerable infantry
that had won the day at Agincourt, Pontiers, and Crecy.
The passion of English sentiment over the change is
mirrored to us for all time in the pages of Shakespeare;
for no nation loves military reform so little as our own,
and we shrink from the thought that if military glory is
not to pass from a possession into a legend, it must be
eternally renewed with strange weapons and by unfa-
miliar methods. This was the trouble which afflicted
England under the Tudors, and she comforted herself
with the immortal prejudice that is still her main-stay
in all times of doubt,
“I tell thee, herald,
I thought upon one pair of English legs
Did march Three Frenchmen.’”
This “immortal prejudice” is proving just
now anything but a “mainstay,” and seems at
last in a fair way of extinction.
The origin of England's Elizabethan new
departures in warfare are to be traced back by
the historian through the Spaniards, the Lands-
knechts, and the Swiss, and the old English
practice and tradition must be followed to its
source. It is not found at Crecy, for Edward
III.'s time was one of military reform. Revert-
ing to the Battle of Falkirk, the Statute of
Winchester, the Assize of Arms, the essentially
English tradition still recedes, till at last at
the Conquest we can discern a great English
principle which forced itself on the conquering
Normans, and eventually on all Europe —
namely, the rule that all men-at-arms must dis-
mount when in action and as a preparatory
step for action. The primitive national army
of Teutonic England consisted of the mass of
free landowners between the ages of sixteen
and sixty, and was known as the fyrd. Custom
fixed its term of service at two months in the
year. Alfred reorganized this force of Land.
wehr by dividing the country into military dis-
tricts, and requiring every five hides of land,
at the king's summons, to furnish, maintain,
and pay an armed man. Each owner of five
hides of land was furthermore required to do
thane's service, that is, to appear in the field
heavily armed and to serve throughout the
campaign. Canute later added a new and more
distinctly military element in the form of a
royal body-guard, originally a picked force of
from three to six thousand Danish troops,
known as the house-carles.
“It was with an army framed on this model — the
raw levies of the fyrd and the better trained men of the
body-guard — that King Harold, flushed with the vic-
tory of Stamford Bridge, marched down to meet the
invasion of William of Normandy. . . . Yet the force
was homogenous in virtue of a single custom wherein
lies the secret of the rise of England's prowess as a
military nation. Though the wealthy thanes might
ride horses on the march, they dismounted one and all
for action, and fought, even to the king himself, on their
own feet.”
Mr. Fortescue's opening chapters, then, are
devoted to a sketch of the growth of England's
military power to the time of its first manifesta-
tion at Creºy, and thence to Agincourt; then
through its decay under the blight of the Wars
of the Roses to its revival under the Tudors,
and to the training of English contingents and
adventurers under foreign schools and in for-
eign wars which prepared the way for the New
Model and the Standing Army. The six hun-
dred years of English military history from
Hastings to Naseby have been compressed into
some two hundred pages, all details being
omitted save those essential to a coherent ac-
count of the growth of the national military
system. The New Model army was voted in
February, 1645; and with the opening chapter
of Book III., which nearly completes the first
half of Vol. I., the author proceeds to give an
interesting and somewhat detailed account of
the organization of this famous body and its
exploits in the field. Mr. Fortescue has some-
thing to say of the common tendency to regard
the New Model army as primarily a body of
zealots whose religious enthusiasm made them
irresistible in battle, without taking into ac-
count the vital fact that they were disciplined
soldiers trained under a military code of almost
unexampled severity.
“Cromwell's system is generally summed up in the
word fanaticism; but this is less than half the truth.
. . . Simple fanaticism is in its nature undisciplined; it
is strong because it assumes its superiority, it is weak
because it is content with the assumption; only when
bound under a yoke such as that of a Zizka or of a
Cromwell is it irresistible. Cromwell's great work was
the same as Zizka's, to subject the fanaticism that he
saw around him to discipline. He did not go out of his
way to find fanatics. “Sir,’ he once wrote, “the State in
choosing men for its service takes no notice of their
opinions; if they be willing to faithfully serve it, that
satisfies.” In forming his original regiment of horse he
undoubtedly selected men of good character, just as any
colonel would endeavor to do to-day. But Fairfax's was
by no means an army of saints. One regiment of the
New Model mutinied when its colonel opened his com-
mand with a sermon. It is time to have done with all
misconceptions as to the work that Cromwell did for


150
[March 1,
THE DIAL
the military service of England, for it is summed up in
the one word discipline. It was the work not of a
preacher but of a soldier.”
In fact, the contempt with which the Royalist
soldiers came latterly to be regarded by the
Parliamentarians seems to have savored rather
of professional than spiritual pride. The king's
troopers were despised not so much as profane
and loose-living “malignants,” as ill-furnished
and ill-disciplined soldiers. This is indicated
in the satirical accounts in the Parliamentary
newspapers of the prisoners captured at Bristol,
one of which says:
“First came half-a-dozen of carbines in their leathern
coats and starved weather-beaten jades, just like so
many brewers in their jerkins made of old boots, riding
to fetch in old casks; and after them as many light horse-
men with great saddles and old broken pistols, and
scarce a sword among them, just like so many fiddlers
with their fiddles in cases by their horses' sides. . . .
In the works at Bristol was a company of footmen with
knapsacks and half-pikes, like so many tinkers with
budgets at their backs, and some musketeers with ban-
doliers about their necks like a company of sow-gelders.”
The two chapters comprising Book IV. of
Mr. Fortescue's opening volume recount briefly
the military events of the unsettled and transi-
tional period between the Restoration and the
accession of William of Orange; and the clos-
ing half of the volume is occupied mainly with
reforms and campaigns of Marlborough's time.
The Anglo-French struggle for empire in India
and the New World forms the central theme of
Volume II.
Mr. Fortescue's valuable work will be read
with avidity by English military men, and his-
torical students generally will find it a most
convenient repository of the special class of
facts it deals with. Ample references to the
authorities consulted are given, for the most
part at the foot of the page. The volumes are
elegantly and substantially made, and are pro-
vided with the necessary maps and plans.
E. G. J.
IDEAN MERIVALE.”
Writing in a playful mood to his sister, in
the year 1851, Dean Merivale charged Louis
Napoleon with bribing one of Spottiswoode's
printers for the advance sheets of the third
volume of “The History of the Romans under
the Empire”; and accused him farther of turn-
ing to account, in planning his own coup d'état,
*AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF DEAN MERIVALE, with Selections
from his Correspondence. Edited by his Daughter, Judith
Anne Merivale. With a Portrait. London: Edward Arnold.
the fourth chapter of that volume, wherein a
somewhat similar movement on the part of
Octavius is described. The letter also ex-
pressed the confident hope that the Emperor
would order a thousand copies of the “His-
tory” for his regimental libraries, and would
bestow upon its author the Cross of the Legion
of Honor. Curiously enough, this bit of pleas-
antry was taken by some in serious earnest—
which perhaps may go to prove the high repute
enjoyed by the book in question from its first
appearance. That the gap between Dr. Ar-
nold's unfinished work and Gibbon’s “Decline
and Fall” had been filled by a worthy successor
to those great historians, seems to have been
very generally acknowledged.
The main events in Dean Merivale's life
may be briefly stated. Born in London in
1808, he was educated at Harrow and Cam-
bridge; held a fellowship at that university
from 1833 to 1848; was settled over the parish
of Lawford from 1848 to 1869; and was then
appointed dean of Ely, a post which he held
until his death in 1898. In his youth the offer
of a writership in India led to his spending
eighteen months of his school life at Hailey-
bury, preparing for the civil service examina-
tions and studying Bengali, Hindustani, Per-
sian, political economy (under Malthus), and
general history; but he and his family then
wisely decided that he should follow his inclina-
tion for a life of letters, and soon afterward he
entered St. John's College, Cambridge.
The “Autobiography,” edited by the Dean's
daughter closes with the attainment of the fel-
lowship at St. John's, the remaining two-thirds
of the volume being devoted to correspondence.
The whole forms a good record of a life filled
with high aims steadily and successfully pur-
sued from the beginning. It is worthy of note
that when Charles Merivale was but six years
old he took delight in playing with his brother
Herman, aged seven, a game which they called
“Roman history.” It was played in Queen's
Square, the northern end of which they named
“Italy,” and the northeast corner “Rome.”
The trundling of hoops was a leading feature
of the game, the career of each consul being
typified by the course which the player's hoop
chanced to take. “The straight line of pub-
lic virture was the narrow path of the kerb-
stone, and few magistrates kept it to the end.”
In his school days at Harrow the future his-
torian of the Roman Empire committed to
memory, for his own amusement, all but a few
hundred lines of Lucan's “Pharsalia,” when


1900.] THE
DIAL 151
his sudden removal to Haileybury interrupted
the task.
That largeness of view and generosity of
sentiment which characterize Merivale's writ-
ings may, it seems not improbably, be largely
owing to the variety of scene and of personal
intercourse which he enjoyed in his youth. His
paternal grandparents were dissenters, Presby-
terians of pronounced Unitarian convictions;
and there is something admirable in honest
John Merivale's sturdy refusal to enter the
ministry or, indeed, to embrace any profes-
sion, even when an uncle's fortune was offered
him as an inducement. He preferred to be
left to his books and his flute. On his moth-
er's side Merivale's family was more orthodox,
but the boy was free to follow his own inclina-
tion in matters of religion, and he went to hear
Dr. Belsham in Essex Street fully as often as
to Dr. Martin's church in Queen's Square.
The liberality of his faith is well expressed in
this sentence from his pen:
“I am well pleased to have had the opportunity of
testing by my own observation how slight, how shadowy,
is the pretended difference between the Episcopalian
and the Presbyterian as such; and how little even far
wider divergence in speculative opinion on points of
dogma may affect the graces of the true Christian
character.”
The names of those eminent men with whom
Dean Merivale was more or less intimately
acquainted would make a long list. In his
college days we find him enjoying the society
of the Tennysons and the Wordsworths —
Charles and Christopher, — of Trench, Kem-
ble, Milnes, Hallam, William Bodham Donne,
William Hepworth Thompson, Arthur Helps,
and many more besides. He had the honor of
reciting Tennyson's prize poem, “Timbuctoo,”
at the request of the young poet, who was “too
shy or too proud to exhibit himself on such an
occasion.” His letters to and from and about
persons of whom one likes to hear, are well
worth reading. The genesis and growth of
the “History of the Romans,” so far as re-
corded in these letters, lend them an additional
interest. Genial humor pervades both the au-
tobiography and the correspondence. (Among
his other virtues the Dean's epitaph credits
him with having been “caustic in wit,” as if
causticity were likewise a virtue.) In a letter
to Christopher Wordsworth he refers to Lem-
prière as
“A man of the highest imagination, which by a pe-
culiar idiosyncrasy fell into an alphabetical form, in
which the advantage of reference is more than counter-
balanced by the constant dislocation of continuity. He
was an index-maker of a higher order of beings, a
vocabulist of the moon, of which he could probably
have written a most veritable and entertaining history,
including all the scandal about her paramour, the man
in the moon.”
The chief fault of the “Autobiography” is
its brevity: it ends abruptly, although design-
edly, at the most interesting period of the
writer's life. A less generous selection from
his letters, on the other hand, might have
proved equally acceptable to the general reader.
The care with which Miss Merivale has edited
the volume is apparent—perhaps almost pain-
fully so—in the abundant foot-notes, which
deal with matters even of the minutest detail.
On the very first page, however, an error—
probably a misprint—has crept into one of
these notes and assigned a wrong date as the
year of Merivale's birth.
Two short passages, culled at random from
this book in closing, will give a glimpse of
Dean Merivale's conservatism on the subject
of education and on the “woman question.”
The first is from the “Autobiography.”
“It is sad, and perhaps perplexing, to think that there
should be no room at the University for combining
the old-world studies with modern accomplishments;
but so experience seems to teach us; and if a choice is
to be allowed between the two, as is the tendency of the
present day, I would say from my own observation, by
all means stick to the Old in preference to the New.
There is no training, I feel sure, equal to that of clas-
sics and mathematics.”
It should be noted that the above was written
at least twenty years ago. The next passage
is from a letter written by Merivale to his sister
Louisa in 1866.
“About the comparative opportunities of men and
women I have this to observe. Looking in the sphere
of literary occupation most appropriate to the male
genius, men have the advantage. In matters of wide
research which lead to and require large inductions,
men have the advantage not from education and oppor-
tunities only, but from the natural structure of their
minds. With the same advantages few, if any, women
could compete with them. No woman could have
written the histories of Tacitus or Gibbon, with the
highest university education and the run of the Bodleian.
On the other hand, there are other matters in which
women are unrivaled, from their tact and observation of
character and clearness of view generally in a narrow
compass; and for these you have fair opportunities.”
PERCY FAVOR BICKNELL.
Two of the minor dramatic works of Goethe, “The
Fisher Maiden” and “The Lover's Caprice,” have been
translated in the original metres by Miss Martha Ridg-
way Barnum, and are published in a well-made volume,
with illustrations, by the John C. Yorston Publishing Co.
of Philadelphia.


152
[March 1,
THE DIAL
A NEW BIBLICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA.*
These closing years of the nineteenth cen-
tury are full of promise for students of the
sacred Scriptures. The appearance within two
successive years of the initial volumes of two
great four-volume Dictionaries of the Bible,
marks an era in biblical study and research.
These two comprehensive works place in the
hands of Bible students, in concise and clear
form, the best results of all previous critical
study in this line. They promise to be small
libraries on all the essential and interesting
questions of biblical criticism and interpreta-
tion. And both are edited and issued by en-
ergetic and aggressive Britons, – Hastings'
“Dictionary of the Bible” in Edinburgh (T.
& T. Clark), and Cheyne's in London (A. &
C. Black).
The raison d'être of the issuance simultane-
ously of two such works is found in the fact
that critically they occupy practically different
positions. While Hastings' work is progres-
sive, Cheyne's is described in the Preface in
the following terms (p. ix.):
“The sympathies of the editors are, upon the whole,
with what is commonly known as ‘advanced’ criticism,
not simply because it is advanced, but because such a
criticism, in the hands of a circumspect and experienced
scholar, takes account of facts and phenomena which
the criticism of a former generation overlooked or
treated superficially. They have no desire, however,
to ‘boycott’ moderate criticism, when applied by a
critic who, either in the form or in the substance of his
criticism, has something original to say.”
The Preface is devoted largely to a eulogy
upon the late Professor W. Robertson Smith,
editor of the ninth edition of the “Encyclo-
paedia Britannica,” to whom credit is given for
the origination, twelve years ago, of the plan
according to which this work has been executed.
Some of the best contributions of Professor
Smith to the Britannica have been brought
down to date and embodied in this work.
Other material prepared by him has also been
used so far as consistent with latest research.
The chief features of this work, in addition
to its “advanced ” critical position, are: (1)
the presentation in full, under each word, of
readings of the Versions, extending in the case
of the Septuagint, to several of the most im-
portant MSS.; (2) larger emphasis upon the
*ENCYCLoPAEDIA BIBLICA: A Critical Dictionary of the
Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology,
Geography, and Natural History, of the Bible. Edited by
the Rev. T. K. Cheyne, M.A., D.D., and J. Sutherland
Black, M.A., LL.D. Vol. I., A to D. New York: The
Macmillan Co. -
Old than upon the New Testament, especially in
the lines of textual criticism and biblical archae-
ology; (3) the omission of articles which treat
of biblical theology proper, based on the state-
ment that we are not as yet sufficiently ad-
vanced in some other lines of research to
venture on this field. The emphasis of the
philological, the technical, and purely critical
treatment of the themes is everywhere appar-
ent. Every proper name in the Old and New
Testament and the Old Testament Apocrypha
is discussed with as much fulness as the data
allow.
The purely scientific and scholarly character
of the work has brought along with it a for-
midable array of abbreviations, symbols, and
bibliographical notes. These together with
their explanations cover nine double-columned
pages, and are an enormous space-saving de-
vice, though they may be a hardship on the
reader until he has made himself their master.
This first volume has a distinguished roll of
fifty-three contributors. Of these thirty-two
are British, fifteen are German, Dutch, and
Swiss, and six are Americans. We find in
the whole number twenty-two men in the Old
Testament department, including all the six
Americans, and only six in the New Testament,
and of these latter four are Germans. The
heaviest contributor is, of course, Professor
Cheyne, the editor-in-chief, whose reputation
is a guarantee for critical and scientific re-
search. Prof. George Adam Smith's service is
especially noteworthy in articles on the biblical
geography of Palestine. Some of the most
conspicuous articles in this volume are “Apoc-
alyptic Literature” by Professor R. H. Charles,
“Apocrypha” by M. R. James, “Assyria”
and “Babylonia” by L. W. King, of the
British Museum, “Canon” by Karl Budde,
“Canticles” by the Editor, “Chronology" by
Karl Marti and H. von Soden, “The Book of
Daniel ” by A. Kamphausen, and “Deuter-
onomy” by George F. Moore. Upon an exam-
ination of the articles we find that the editors
have stood by their principle announced in the
Preface, though there is not everywhere, as
might, of course, be expected, full agreement
on critical questions. Professor Cheyne is
quite in the van on most points, while a goodly
number of his contributors are not far behind
him. Together they give us in this volume the
fin de siècle position of the advanced school,
if such it may be called, of biblical criticism.
As the pronouncement of this school it is the
best up-to-date compendium, and for many


1900.] THE
DIAL 153
other purposes will be of real service to biblical
scholars.
The arrangement of the matter is admirable.
The heading of each article is in full-face Clar-
endon type, and if it is long, it is subdivided
into sections, and the section-theme is inset in
dark-faced type. This plan, and a method of
cross-references from one article to a given
section of another where the same theme is
treated, is both a space-saving device and an
invaluable convenience to the user. The clean,
clear type, and the use of different sizes for
matters of minor importance, and a small type
for notes, make up a solid, substantial, yet
inviting page to the careful student of biblical
problems. IRA. M. PRICE.
BUILDING THE SHIP OF STATE.”
The proposition, novel not many decades
ago, has come to be accepted as axiomatic,
that the written Constitutions of America are
the result of a process of gradual development;
and now it is the details of that process which
largely engage the attention of constitutional
students. Landon, Taylor, Stevens, and Coxe
have shown the origin of many of the funda-
mental principles of our system; Dicey and
Macy have explained how principles of iden-
tical origin have experienced distinctive evo-
lutions in the politics of Britain and America;
and Fisher has traced the American appli-
cations of these principles, through their
several stages of use in the charters and con-
stitutions of various colonies, to their present
accepted form. The terse and succinct provis-
ions of the United States Constitution, permit-
ting an elastic application to changing condi-
tions and varying necessities, have proved fa-
vorable also to disputes concerning its proper
construction. What did the framers of that
instrument intend? is a question frequently
asked, and often with much pertinence. The
recently published essay on “The Growth of
the Constitution in the Federal Convention,”
by Mr. William M. Meigs, contributes to the
subject of constitutional evolution, by throwing
light upon the extent of the application of par-
ticular principles which was in the minds of the
Framers. Knowing the objects at which they
were aiming, and the reasons why certain forms
* THE GRowTH of THE Constitution IN THE FEDERAL
Convention of 1787. By William M. Meigs. Philadelphia:
J. B. Lippincott Company.
of expression were selected, we can understand
better the scope of the changes in our govern-
ment which followed the adoption of the work
of that convention. Mr. Meigs has furnished
a convenient summary, clause by clause, of the
debates waged in the convention and the action
finally taken. “Elliott's Debates” of course
show all this; but Mr. Meigs has summarized
these “Debates” topically; and with him we
can, without personal delving, follow from week
to week, the presentation of diverse views on
the same subject, and often trace the changes of
sentiment leading to the unanimous selection
of propositions which had previously been seri-
ously questioned in debate.
To illustrate fully Mr. Meigs's method would
be to repeat pages of his book. It will serve
as an instance, to refer to the subjects of “laws
impairing the obligation of contracts,” and
“ex post facto laws,” the prohibitions concern-
ing which were presented for consideration
late in the deliberations of the convention; and
per contra, to the proposition which was pre-
sented but rejected, to apply the “obligation
clause” to congressional legislation. The de-
bates disclose a growth of opinion on these
and other subjects, in the convention.
An important feature of this work is a fac-
simile copy of Randolph's draft, in his own
hand, of a proposed constitution, with notes and
additions by Rutledge. Both the original draft
and the emendations are shown to have been
made while the convention was sitting; and
they throw light of their own upon the devel-
opment of opinion among the delegates.
Mr. Meigs's Index is brief and simple, as
he thought an exhaustive one unnecessary; so
he has indexed the names of eleven only of the
delegates. But the present reviewer believes
that many readers would liberally use an index
in which the name of every debater in the con-
vention should be given, and referring to every
page where his share in the deliberations ap-
pears. JAMEs OSCAR PIERCE.
The “Philobiblon” of Richard de Bury has long held
a secure place among the classics, but it is a surprising
fact that in this country at least the chronicles of this
quaint old bibliomaniac have hitherto been practically
inaccessible to the general book-buyer. Messrs. Meyer
Brothers & Co. are therefore to be heartily thanked
for issuing the work in handsome and inexpensive
form, as the first volume in a projected series of book
lovers' classics. The text followed in this new reprint
is that of Inglis's translation of 1832, and the volume
is supplied with an Introduction and Notes by Mr.
Charles Orr, of the Case Library, Cleveland.


154 THE DIAL [March 1,
RECENT BOOKS OF TRAVEL.”
That redoubtable and indefatigable traveller and
writer, Mrs. Bird-Bishop, has been touring up the
Yangzte Walley for “recreation and interest” only,
but on returning has presented us with two large
volumes, entitled “The Yangtze Valley and Be-
yond,” packed with geographical, commercial, po-
litical, and religious information, and well provided
with map and illustrations and appendices. Mrs.
Bishop, for the most part alone save for a few na-
tives, traversed twelve hundred miles in regions
little visited by Europeans, and in large part un-
noticed in travel literature. The hardships she
endured from the curious crowds she thus describes.
“I sat in my chair in the village street the unwilling
center of a large and very dirty crowd, which had
leisure to stand around me for an hour, staring, making
remarks, laughing at my peculiarities, pressing closer
and closer till there was hardly air to breathe, taking
out my hair pins, and passing my gloves round and put-
ting them on their dirty hands, and on two occasions
abstracting my spoon and slipping it into their sleeves,
being in no way abashed when they were detected. . . .
The crowd which always gathered during my passage
down the street rolled in at the doorway, blocking up
the yard, shouting, often timeshooting, and fighting each
other for a look at the foreigner. Fortunately, doors in
Chinese inns have strong wooden bolts, and when my
baggage and I were once ensconced I was secure from
intrusion, unless a few men and boys ran on ahead to
take possession of the room before I entered it, or
forced themselves in behind Be-dien when he brought
in my dinner. If it were merely a boarded wall, a row
of patient eyes usually watched me for an hour, and
with much gratification, for these rooms are dark with
the door shut, and my candle revealed my barbarian
proceedings. But worse than this was the slow scraping
of holes in the plaster partition, when there was one,
*THE YANGtzE WALLEY AND BEYond. By Mrs. J. F.
Bishop. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
IN Dwarf LAND AND CANNIBAL Country. By Albert
B. Lloyd. Illustrated. New York: Imported by Charles
Scribner's Sons.
THRough UNExPLoRED Asia. By William Jameson Reid.
Illustrated. Boston: Dana Estes & Co.
THE REAL MALAY. By Sir Frank Athelstane Swettenham,
K.C.M.G. New York: John Lane.
sº INDIA. By G. W. Steevens. New York: Dodd, Mead
o.
SIBERIA AND CENTRAL Asia. By John W. Bookwalter.
Illustrated from photographs. New York: F. A. Stokes Co.
Two YEARs 1N PALESTINE AND SYRIA. By Margaret
Thomas. Illustrated. New York: Imported by Charles
Scribner's Sons.
THE AMERICAN IN Holi,AND. By William Elliot Griffis,
LL.D. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
PEAKs AND PINEs. By J. A. Lees. Illustrated. New
York: Longmans, Green, & Co.
By-Gone Tourist DAYs. By Laura G. Collins. Illus-
trated. Cincinnati: The Robert Clarke Co.
Mexican Wistas. By Harriott Wight Sherratt. Illustrated.
Chicago: Rand, McNally & Co.
HAwami AND ITs PEoPLE. By Alexander S. Twombly.
Illustrated. Boston: Silver, Burdett & Co.
Holy LAND. By William Bement Lent. Illustrated.
New York: Bonnell, Silver & Co.
between my room and the next, accompanied by the
peculiarly irritating sound of whispering, and eventu-
ally by the application of a succession of eyes to the
hole, more whispering, and some giggling.”
Mrs. Bishop's chapters on Chinese Charities, on
Protestant Missions, and on Opium, and the Intro-
ductory and Concluding chapters, show large and
judicious views founded on full knowledge; and
the work as a whole is an extremely sane contribu-
tion to books on China, giving us a definite and
reliable impression of the most populous river valley
on the globe, and a glimpse of the Tibetan border
land beyond.
“In Dwarf Land and Cannibal Country,” by A.B.
Lloyd, is a record by an enterprising young En-
glish missionary of a journey across Central Africa
by the Uganda-Congo route, and includes some
notes of residence in Uganda and Toro. The title
is quite misleading, as “Dwarf Land” and “Can-
nibal Country” play but a small part in these pages.
The first seven chapters might well be compressed
into one; but from Chapter VIII. on the book is
concisely written and of decided interest as well as
of considerable value. The author has many ad-
ventures with wild beasts and men, which he nar-
rates modestly and well, in some of which a bicycle
figures prominently.
“A bicycle which had been sent to me during my
stay in Uganda was constantly used by me in taking
my journeys abroad, and often I have had most exciting
times when on the wheel. One morning I started off
to visit a village some few miles away from the mission
station. The road was well cultivated and about 5 feet
wide. It was, in fact, the main road leading to Uganda.
I had reached the top of a long hill, and on the other
side was a gentle slope into the valley beyond; I knew
the road well, having often passed that way, and I
therefore prepared myself for a ‘coast.' . Near the
foot of the hill was a slight turn in the road, and as I
approached it I put my feet again on the pedals. I
was going at a great speed, and as I rounded the cor-
ner an awful sight met my gaze; not twenty yards in
front there lay in the centre of the path a huge lion,
with head down upon his paws, facing the direction
from which I was coming. It was impossible for me
to stop the machine, the speed was too great. To the
left of the path was a high wall of rock towering some
twenty feet above my head; on the right was a steep
incline down, down, down, for 100 feet to a river. I
had scarcely a second to take in the situation, and to
make up my mind as to what course of action to pursue.
It was a critical moment. What could I do? To turn to
the right down the steep incline would have meant almost
certain destruction; to attempt to stop, even if success-
ful, would have meant pulling up at the entrance to the
jaws of the King of the Forest. I therefore did the
only thing that was possible,_I rang my bell, and
shouted at the top of my voice, then let the ‘bike' go
at its topmost speed. As I shot into view, the lion
raised his huge shaggy head, and seeing this unearthly
creature come racing towards him making so strange a
cry, lifted up his voice and gave forth a most blood-
curdling yelp. The apparition was too much even for
him, and when I was about five yards from him he
leapt onto the right side of the path, and I had just


1900.] THE
DIAL 155
room to scramble past him. Once beyond, I pedalled
away as I never had before, not even looking round to
see what next happened to the startled lion. But such
an experience, if it happen once, is quite enough, and I
learned the lesson not to ‘scorch,” even in Africa, where
there are no policemen.”
He traverses the great primeval forest and catches
sight of pigmies, and has some intercourse with
them, and on his way down the Aruwimi River he
has some adventures with cannibals, perhaps the
finest race of men he met.
“Sometimes one would see part of a limb roasting
over the fire, or else in a cooking pot, boiling, while the
warriors sat around watching eagerly until it was cooked.
But still, notwithstanding the fact of there being a
superstitious idea in connection with this cannibalism,
there is no doubt a depraved appetite. I have seen
the wild, exciting feast, where spirit dances and invo-
cations have been the principal items, and I have seen
the warriors in all soberness sit down to a “joint of
man’ in exactly the same way as they would do to a
piece of forest antelope.”
The book is well illustrated and has useful maps.
“Through Unexplored Asia,” by Mr. William
Jameson Reid, – whose veracity has been sharply
questioned in some quarters—is a narrative of the
first half of a journey made in 1894 through un-
known parts of Western China and Eastern Thibet,
and contains interesting accounts of adventures
with savage beasts and men. He thus describes a
curious custom of the Su-Chu natives:
“On our arrival we discovered that we had come at
a most inauspicious time of the year in which to hope
to secure hospitable entertainment, as the native popu-
lation was given up to the enormous undertaking of
washing the bones of their ancestors. When we first
saw this operation it struck us as being remarkably
funny; but it is an exceedingly serious matter to the
natives themselves, and is a custom pretty generally
existing among the tribes of Western China and Thibet.
For many centuries it has been an established rule
among them once a year to exhume the bones of their
ancestors and wash them. This annual washing usually
lasts for a period of two or three weeks, or even a
month, and is a function attended with much ceremo-
nious pomp and religious devotion. Huge pots of water
are placed beside the graves, and one by one the bones
are taken out, and carefully scoured, and then tenderly
consigned to their resting-place once more. These
bones are also looked upon as having a high market-
value, it being considered a mark of great esteem among
the members of the tribe to be the proud possessor of
the largest “bonery,” so that the trading and bartering
of them for other objects forms a considerable industry.
They are frequently seized upon by creditors for debt,
when at once the unfortunate debtor is shunned by the
rest of the tribe, and is suffered to remain in disgrace
until he shall have redeemed them.”
Mr. Reid claims to have been the first to explore
the remains of an ancient civilization near Hissik
Karpo, Thibet, but his report is very meagre. The
author's style is simple, direct, and forcible, though
we miss the romantic touch which gives glamour to
travels. The work is furnished with a number of
illustrations and several maps.
“The Real Malay,” by Sir F. A. Swettenham,
is an intimate study by a British resident of native
life in the Malay Peninsula. The atmosphere and
color of the semi-barbaric country are well depicted.
We have a series of realistic etchings of the land
and its inhabitants, animal and human, and the
episodes are clearly and vividly drawn. He thus
remarks on the difficulty of understanding the Ori-
ental character, and on the lack of individuality in
the inhabitants of the Far East.
“One who is the outcome of Western civilization and
Christian teaching, could hardly expect to understand
the peculiarities of an Eastern character, the product
of generations of Muhammadan or Hindu ancestors.
But if you live in the East for years—if you make
yourself perfectly familiar with the language, litera-
ture, customs, prejudices, and superstitions of the peo-
ple; if you lie on the same floor with them, eat out of
the same dish, fight with them and against them, join
in their sorrows and their joys, and at last win their
regard — then the reading of their characters is no
longer an impossible task, and you will find that be-
tween one Eastern and another there is a much greater
similarity than there is between two Westerns, even
though they be of the same nationality. There are
good and bad, energetic and lazy, but you will hardly
ever meet those complex products of Western civiliza-
tion whose characters are subordinated to the state of
their nerves, and those to the season of the year, the
surroundings of the moment, politics, the money market,
and a thousand things of which the Eastern is blissfully
unconscious.”
The introductory chapter on the English method of
expansion in the Peninsula ought to be of interest
to Americans. The book has no map, illustrations,
or index.
The latest book from the prolific pen of the late
Mr. G. W. Steevens is entitled “In India.” In
this volume he writes with his usual vigor and as-
surance, and gives in his brisk and vivid way an
impressionist sketch of India, political, social, and
industrial. Mr. Steevens draws often with too hard
and heavy a stroke; however in this picture of ele-
phant travel we see him at his best:
“The elephant knows. When the mahout wants to
get on her neck, she takes him on her trunk and bends
it till he can walk up her forehead. When you want
to get on to her back, she lets down a hind-foot to
make one step, and curls up her tail to make another.
She knows that a branch she can walk under will sweep
you off her back; therefore she goes round, or, if that
is not possible, pushes down the tree with her trunk as
gently as you put down a teacup. At every ford she
tries the bottom, at every bridge she tries the planks:
she knows better than you do how much she weighs and
what will bear her. Jerk, jerk, jerk—she see-saws
you at every step, for you are sitting on a blanket just
atop of her shoulder. Now and again the mahout ad-
dresses her in a language, handed down from father to
children, that only mahouts and elephants understand,
or smites her over the head with a heavy, iron-hooked
ankus. It falls with a dull thud on her hairy forehead;
it would crack your skull like an egg-shell, but it hurts
the elephant as a dead leaf would hurt you. Behind
her ear you see a crevasse of raw flesh in the armour-


156
[March 1,
THE TOLAL
plating of hide: that wound is kept open, and through
it only can she be made to feel. She just tramples on,
now tilted almost onto her head, now all but standing
on her tail; over the shallow rivers, along the rutted
cart-tracks, till the sun begins to bake and the line of
hills in front changes from a wash of blue to a clearcut
saw-edge of shaded greens and browns.”
Mr. John W. Bookwalter, in “Siberia and Cen-
tral Asia,” gives us some modest letters of travel
profusely illustrated from admirable photographs.
He journeys into Siberia as far as Tomsk by the
Trans-Siberian Railway, and into Central Asia as
far as Samarkand by the Trans-Caspian railway.
“Great as will be the effect upon the world of the
opening of the Trans-Siberian railway system — a fact
that is generally recognized,—the Trans-Caspian rail-
way system, when completed, will be productive of re-
sults even far more important in their political and
commercial consequences. There is a branch of the
Trans-Caspian railway now completed, some 250 miles
in length and running southward to Mervand to Kushk,
on the very borders of Afghanistan. It is being quietly
extended to Herat, and it will, when completed, give
Russia practical control of Northwestern Afghanistan,
as Herat is the key to that country. These lines, when
in operation, will thus obviously give Russia a control-
ing influence in Persia and Northwestern Afghanistan.
A branch also of the main stem of the Trans-Caspian
line is being built from Samarkand through Ferghan,
in the direction of Kokand and Kashgar, in the Pamirs,
almost in sight of the northern border of India. This
line in time will, no doubt, be extended into Chinese
Turkestan, and perhaps into the very center of China
itself, bringing thus this great and populous country
into communication with Europe, even more directly
than by the way of the Trans-Siberian railway line.”
The author gives a very glowing account of the de-
velopment of Northern and Central Asia under Rus-
sian auspices, and the account seems as accurate as
we ought to expect from the passing traveller.
“Two Years in Palestine and Syria,” by Mar-
garet Thomas, is a fresh and pleasantly written de-
scription, to which the colored illustrations add
much embellishment. The account of Jerusalem
and its environs is specially full and good.
“Jerusalem has neither street lamps, policemen, post-
men, nor newspapers; people who go out at night are
ordered to carry lanterns under a heavy penalty. The
keeping of three successive Sundays — Mohammedan,
Jewish, Christian — leads to much loss of time, for the
lazily-disposed observe all three. . . . Night in the
Holy Land is a thing to be remembered. The air is
soft and balmy, neither hot nor cold; the sun, setting
like a globe of amber, tinges the top of the blue vapor
which ever hangs over the Moabite Mountains and Dead
Sea with iridiscent tints. The sky is literally powdered
with stars, not gleaming as they do on a frosty night in
the North, but soft and dreamy.”
“The American in Holland,” by the Rev. W. E.
Griffis, is a fairly readable description of various
trips in all parts of the Netherlands. He visits
American friends who have spent years in Holland,
living at the Hague in winter and in summer at
Nunspeet “ or some other rural paradise.” He is
in love with Dutch civilization. It is delightful to
his eyes “to find no spoiling of scenery by advertise-
ments. The study of the people of beauty as a per-
manent force to life is commendable. The country
in general induces a spirit of quiet restfulness so
grateful to the overwrought American.” American
Colonies in Holland may yet be fashionable. His-
torical associations are enlarged upon, and there is
an account of the inauguration of Queen Wilhel-
mina, to which the author was an American dele-
gate. Mr. Griffis is genial and almost fulsome in
his appreciation of the land and people. Though
rather slight and superficial, this volume will serve
as a popular and pleasant book, and the illustrations
are of interest.
“Peaks and Pines,” by Mr. J. H. Lees, is a jolly
narrative of a summer's sport in Norway with rod
and gun. The book is entertaining and instructive,
closing with some practical directions which will be
useful to sportsmen everywhere.
“By-Gone Tourist Days,” by Miss Laura G. Col-
lins, is a sprightly series of familiar, sometimes rather
too familiar, letters of travel, mostly from contin-
ental Europe. The black-letter printing of this book
is very refreshing to the eye. There is no excuse
for the iniquity of thin type on highly glazed paper,
for though illustrations may be on plate paper, they
should be, as in this book, on separate pages, and
so not interfere with a continuous text.
“Mexican Wistas,” by Mrs. H. W. Sherratt, is an
agreeably written description of recent tours not
personally conducted. The book has a number of
clear illustrations and may be commended to the
general reader and tourist.
“Hawaii and its People,” by Mr. A. S. Twombly,
is a general description and historical account de-
signed for younger readers and popular use. It is
fairly illustrated and seems carefully prepared.
“The Holy Land, from Landau, Saddle, and
Palanquin,” by Mr. W. B. Lent, is thoroughly re-
ligious and biblical; but the sentiment is often com-
monplace and the description quite cursory. While
the material might serve as letters to a religious
paper, it is rather light for putting into book form.
HIRAM. M. STANLEY.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
Mr. James Wycliffe Headlam's new
Bismarck - -
and his . life of Bismarck (Putnam) adds a
king theories. somewhat belated volume to the
“Heroes of the Nations” series. The delay has
been well utilized, however, for this volume is a
much more valuable monograph than is ordinarily
furnished by the series. The history of Bismarck's
earlier life, and of his labors in the formation of the
German Empire, up to the close of the Franco-
Prussian war, brings out nothing new, so that any
criticism must occupy itself with the style rather
than the matter of this portion. Briefly, the author
has done his work exceedingly well. Bismarck's


1900.] THE
DIAL 157
purposes, and the means by which they were exe-
cuted, are stated simply and clearly, without any
attempt at detailed analysis of diplomatic manoeu-
vres, and notably without any wearisome effort at
character painting. Yet the character of Bismarck
is made manifest in his official acts and in the mo-
tives which inspired them. The novelty of Mr.
Headlam's work lies in his treatment of the career
of Bismarck in his later labors as Chancellor of the
German Empire, for here the author rejects in a
measure the opinions held by Von Sybel and other
authors and follows more nearly modern German
criticism; a criticism which is becoming more schol-
arly as it becomes less contemporary. Bismarck's
refusal to identify himself with any political party,
and his constant shifting for support from one to
another of the parties of the Reichstag, is attributed
by the author to the earnest conviction that, as
Chancellor, he could not become a party leader.
To him the Emperor was still ruler “by grace of
God,” limited in some degree in the exercise of his
kingly power, but still the centre and sun of all
governmental activity. He, Bismarck, was merely
the Emperor's representative, chosen personally by
the Emperor, and not in any way responsible to the
authority of votes. The wisdom or unwisdom of
measures was, in the end, purely a matter for exec-
utive decision, and freedom of decision could not
be guaranteed if the Chancellor should ever become
a party leader. Mr. Headlam maintains in fact
that it was neither love of power, nor disdain of
political parties, nor lack of principle that kept Bis-
marck from adopting a partisan position, but pri-
marily rather the desire to preserve for the mon-
archy the right, always strongly manifested in the
Prussian state, of exercising a controlling influence
in legislation and in government. Possibly this is
more didactically stated than is warranted by the
author's language, but the impression is given, nev-
ertheless, and as such, furnishes a clearer thread of
central purpose for Bismarck's political activities
than is customarily credited to him. The book con-
tains many excellent illustrations and a map of
Germany showing the changes made in 1866.
There has been of recent years a
tendency to substitute the study of
economic history, correlated with the
general facts of political and social development, for
the older-fashioned study of theoretical economics in
our secondary schools. We have doubted the wis-
dom of this tendency, for elementary economic the-
ory has always seemed to us to offer an almost ideal
form of mental discipline for young people from
sixteen to twenty years of age. In the hands of
the right sort of teachers it is equal in value to
geometry, the mechanical section of physics, and
the structural study of a foreign language. We
have feared that the substitution in question might
mean a substitution of mnemonic cram for enforced
intellectual self-activity. But we are bound to say
that this fear is almost dispelled in the presence of
The new method
of teaching
Economics.
such a book as Mr. Henry W. Thurston's recent
“Economics and Industrial History for Secondary
Schools” (Scott, Foresman & Co.). There is no
lack of facts in Mr. Thurston's presentation of the
subject, but there is also no lack of stimulus for the
best type of intellectual exertion. The exercises
planned by the author are so ingenious, and the
questions he sets the students so searching, that it
would be difficult to devise a more valuable disci-
pline than a student would gain from the conscien-
tious following of the plan of work here prescribed.
It means, however, a good reference library to-
gether with freedom in its use, an enthusiastic
instructor, and a body of students willing to depart
widely from their ordinary methods of learning
school lessons. Given these conditions, we know of
no other text book as good for its purpose as the
one now before us. It is clear in its exposition,
yet does not smooth away all the difficulties; it pre-
sents many facts of industrial history, yet does not
preclude the necessity of digging out many more.
It is, moreover, up to date, and based upon the best
authorities. In fact, we are acquainted with no
other elementary book which thus brings within the
reach of beginners the conclusions of Seebohm and
Cunningham, of Rogers and Ashley, of Weeden
and Wright. The work has three parts. The first
of these offers a series of inductive exercises in the
economic life that surrounds us. The second and
most considerable recounts the economic history of
England and America. The third deals with the
elements of economic theory, and for this the other
two sections afford admirable preparation. We rec-
ommend the book most cordially to all who are
seeking this particular sort of solution of the prob-
lem of teaching economics, while those who still
adhere to the more orthodox method will at least
find in the book a valuable adjunct to their work.
“The Redemption of Africa,” a
rather ambitious work, in two vol-
umes (F. H. Revell Co.), is another
one of the ripened fruits of the Chicago Congress
of Religions in 1893, Mr. F. P. Noble, Secretary
of the Congress on Africa, set before himself the
task of preparing “A Story of Civilization” in
Africa. The entire work is broken into three books.
The first discusses “The Ancient and Mediaeval
Preparation,” the second “The Religious Partition,”
and the third book, “The Expansion of Missions.”
The author begins with Abraham's sojourn in the
land of the Nile, and attempts to follow every re-
ligious influence on that continent of any import-
ance from that day down to modern times. The
first book is the least satisfactory of all, especially
in its earlier chapters, in that it involves too many
assumptions. “The Religious Partition” is a well-
considered and tersely-stated estimate of the part
which each of the great religious bodies of the
church has had in the evangelization of that dark
continent. This estimate is based on the works of
the best and most recent writers on the various
The religious
redemption
of Africa.


158
[March 1,
THE DIAL
phases of the civilizing and evangelizing forces
at work in Africa. The third book is a still
broader view of the whole question. It presents a
condensed yet very readable description of the re-
ligious and educational work carried on by all
bodies of Christians among the negroes of the South
and in the Antilles, and the part which they must
take sooner or later in the evangelization of the
home-land of their ancestors. The importance of
educational, medical, and literary training is also
emphasized by the results already achieved on these
lines, particularly in South Africa. One of the
most useful features of this work is the large body
of maps, charts, and tables. The educational sta-
tistics include colleges and universities, theolog-
ical seminaries and training-schools, boarding and
high schools, industrial and medical schools and
kindergartens. The literary table presents the name
of the language and the location where the whole
or a part of the Bible is now in circulation; also
statistics of African languages and peoples possess-
ing Bible-versions. Among the numerous remaining
statistics we note especially the “Directory of Agen-
cies for the Christianization of African Peoples in
Africa, America, the Antilles, and Madagascar,”
the authorities used in the compilation of the work,
also indexes of persons, places, societies, and sub-
jects. This work is and for some time must be a
valuable birds-eye view of all modern attempts to
civilize and evangelize the untold millions of the
Dark Continent.
A Frenchman writing from personal
knowledge of Lamartine, George
Sand, Victor Hugo, Musset, Chopin,
and others known to French letters, art, and politics,
could hardly fail to be entertaining. In the volume
entitled “The Literary Reminiscences of Edward
Grenier" (Macmillan), translated by Mrs. Abel
Ram, there is the glowing enthusiasm of one who
remembers with a sort of reverent fidelity, the looks
and accents of the deities of his youth. M. Grenier,
has written with an easy abandon to the impres-
sions that are now but memories, and very much of
the fervor of his personal devotions or his personal
dislike gives color to the pages. The ready gar-
rulity that should flow without reserve in such
reminiscences is natural to him, and the reader can
not question either his veracity or his sincerity.
M. Grenier had some successes as a poet himself,
and the naïveté with which he tells of them gives a
piquant relish to his account of the doings and say-
ings of others whose larger success gave him no
rankling jealousy, but only the warm appreciation
of a kindred spirit in love with art, humanity, and
the world. A broad, genial charity sweetens every
unpleasant incident to which his pen must make
record, and the tone of intellectual and moral health
and soundness is finely unmistakable. The pleasure
with which he told Mérimée of Goethe's praise of
him is charmingly fresh in his memory of it, and
the same happiness beams again in his telling of a
French celebrities
of fifty years.
like pleasure in quoting Ary Sheffer's praise to
Delacroix, and in telling him of what Goethe had
written of his lithographs for Stappfer's translation
of “Faust.” Altogether the book is a pleasing intro-
duction to a sort of personal acquaintance with a
host of writers, artists, and politicians, who pass
before the reader in splendid procession. M. Grenier
does not attempt to fix the rank of any of them,
merely telling his little stories of them as he knew
them, bidding us share Mussett's passion, lament
the “subtle harmony in the three words, fame,
genius, misfortune,” with Lamartine, and pass on
to wait for a casual word from George Sand.
One or two of the later volumes of
the “Famous Scots” series (im-
ported by Scribner) are less inter-
esting than their predecessors, sometimes because
the best subjects have been already handled, and
sometimes for another reason. In the case of the
volume on Robert Bruce, the necessity of detailing
many matters of history makes the biography of
the thinnest. There is no more famous Scot than
Robert Bruce: he is the knightly hero of Scotland,
even more than Sir William Wallace. But he lived
centuries ago, at a time of which the history is not
clearly understood in all details. Mr. Murison, then,
here as in his volume on Wallace, has to spend a
good part of his book in explanation and contro-
versy. The result is not entertaining although it
has value for purposes of information.— The vol-
ume on Alexander Melville, by Mr. William Mor-
ison, has something of the same drawback. Mel-
ville was a typical figure, if not a man of remark-
able character; and it is proper that he should be
represented in any general group of Scotch worthies.
On the other hand, his life is hard to write and not
very easy to read. He had so much to do with the
public affairs of his time, that one must spend too
much space in recounting the stages in a struggle
of which the results only are clearly remembered.
Melville was the representative of Scottish Presby-
terianism as against King James the Sixth of Scot-
land and the First of England. He was beaten in
the great cause to which he devoted his life, but it
was through him and many lesser men like him
that the cause itself was victorious.
Bruce, and other
Jamous Scots.
Two new volumes in the “Masters
masters of of Medicine” (Longmans, Green, &
medicine. Co.) will be welcome, – “Claude
Bernard,” by Mr. Michael Foster, M.A., and
“Hermann von Helmholtz,” by Mr. John Gray
M'Kendrick, M.D. Of the great French physiol-
ogist to whom we owe our present knowledge of the
pancreatic functions, the facts concerning his pro-
fessional life are made sufficiently clear, and in so
far his life is to be followed with interest; but after
a brief insight into his private and personal affairs
granted at the outset of the book, the rest is per-
mitted to remain undisclosed. If it is interesting
to read the man in his work, it is no less interesting
Two notable


1900.] THE
DIAL 159
to read the work through the man, and the book
leaves a sense of incompleteness. Of the German
whose investigations in optics and acoustics were
epoch-making, there is here the opportunity to read
of what it was he stood for, to his friends as well as
to the seientific world. But we miss all reference
to the attack upon Darwinism which is still a matter
of surprise to those who think with Haeckel, and are
hardly to be consoled by such a phrase as “ . . .
the Darwinian hypothesis, with which Helmholtz
often expressed his general agreement.” Both
books give portraits of the men of whom they treat,
as frontispieces, and the serene majesty of their
countenances brings forth the reflection that no-
where has man found the expression of intellectual
development more complete than in the faces of
the modern men of science. It is because they are
in constant pursuit of nothing less than Truth?
There is much diversity of interest
in Mr. Richard Burton’s “Literary
Likings” (Small, Maynard & Co.),
of which our notice has been too long delayed. The
dozen or more papers that make up the volume are
mostly reprinted from the literary periodicals (THE
DIAL among others), although two of them did
their previous public duty as lectures. These two
are discussions of “Washington Irving's Services
to American History” and “Renaissance Pictures
in Browning's Poetry.” One paper is a study in
“the literary time-spirit,” as illustrated by Herr
Björnson, M. Daudet, Mr. Henry James — three
writers who assuredly were never before grouped
together, yet who have enough in common to jus-
tify the present classification. Mr. Burton ventures,
in another paper, to discuss the perilous subject of
“The Democratic and Aristocratic in Literature,”
and escapes the extravagance which usually over-
takes those who essay this theme. A group of three
short papers on aspects of “Old English Poetry”
betrays both the scholarly student and the appre-
ciative reader. “Phases of Fiction” affords a col-
lective title for four brief essays. Brownell and
Stevenson are made the subjects of special studies.
Altogether, there is much vigorous and sensible
criticism, expressed in admirable English, in this
volume. Barring the occasional allusions to books
that are fast sinking into forgetfulness, the matter
which Mr. Burton offers is worth preservation, and
speaks well for the critical intelligence of the writer.
Some appreciative
literary essays.
an authoritative That compendium of ancient and
work on old curious learning concerning silver-
*** ware, “Old English Plate,” has
reached a sixth edition (Francis P. Harper), afford-
ing, it is to be hoped, some recompense to its author,
Mr. Wilfrid Joseph Cripps, C.B., F.S.A., for his
untiring labors in this minor department of history.
“Sixth edition” in this case means a careful and
thorough revision in the light of the most recent
learning, of the entire subject, and the additions
are both many and noteworthy. First published in
1878, the work was a pioneer of its kind and it re-
mains to-day the most authoritative and most inclu-
sive, covering the plate of churches, colleges, and
private owners alike. Considerations of the marks
of many guilds of silversmiths, situated in many
towns widely removed, are followed by lists of year
marks, hall marks of all kinds, and the various
stamps set in the finished work from the beginning
of the practice in the early fifteenth century. The
vexed question of the statutory origin of the year
marks is not yet settled, though the hope is still
strong among antiquaries that archival researches
now going on will cast light upon the problem. The
illustrations are excellent and profuse, and the vol-
ume, a crown octavo, is an excellent specimen of
book making. An earlier edition of the same book
has appeared in America, somewhat abridged, and
without authorization.
In “Great Britain and Hanover *
(Oxford University Press), Mr. A.
W. Ward presents the Ford lectures
delivered by him last year in the University of Ox-
ford. While Mr. Ward's attention is chiefly devoted
to the international action of Great Britain as
affected by Hanoverian interests, he does not fail
to consider also the effect of the personal union on
the home policy of the two countries. His analysis
of the situation leads him to conclude that, in some
instances, the popular outcry against the use of the
union for dynastic ends, was justified, notably when,
at the expense of England's true policy, Bremen
and Verden were transferred from Sweden to Han-
over. Taken all in all, however, British interests
were well conserved by British statesmen, and, in the
light of those duties of friendship really owed to
Hanover, there was small ground for the prevailing
dissatisfaction with the “Hanoverian policy.” In
Hanover, on the other hand, the Union, regarded
with extreme favor at first, “came very slowly, but
very surely, to be recognized as having retarded an
enduring association with the fortunes of the Ger-
man people, and with the future to which it was
looking forward.” While the author disclaims any
profound investigation of documentary evidence,
the book is essentially the work of a scholar, written
only after careful study, and distinguished by its
fairness of view.
Great Britain
and Hanover.
Mr. Le Roy Hooker expresses the
English in general American feeling in respect
** of the war now waging, in his “The
Africanders: A Century of Dutch-English Feud in
South Africa” (Rand, McNally & Co.). He began
the enquiry necessary for his work with strong pre-
possessions in favor of England, from which he has
drawn all his blood. But as his investigation deep-
ened and broadened he lost all his admiration for
the achievements of the mother country in wonder
over her tergiversations, broken promises, and wild
mismanagements. His book is inclusive, and pre-
sents the British side of the controversy with mueh
Dutch and


160
[March 1,
THE DIAL
impartiality, nor does he ever descend into mere par-
tisanship. A brief statement of his concerning the
question of civilization involved deserves to be sup-
plemented by the observation that with some persons
of intelligence who would shudder at the thought
of “doing ill that good may come” in religious
matters, the same doctrine finds easy acceptance
when the ends which justify the means are those of
patriotism or “civilization.”
The issue of “The Day's Work”
and “From Sea to Sea,” each in two
volumes of the “Outward Bound"
edition of the works of Rudyard Kipling (Scribner),
offers an opportunity, of which we cannot avail our-
selves at this moment, for a consideration of some
of the aspects of Mr. Kipling's later work. Since
“Captains Courageous,” which was the last of the
original twelve volumes of this edition, Mr. Kipling
has written a good deal that has been variously criti-
cised. There have been those who thought that
Mr. Kipling had reached a parting of the ways, and
had chosen the wrong road. We think ourselves
that Mr. Kipling's later work has the same funda-
mental qualities that his earlier work had, that it
lacks some of the characteristics that were apt to
mar his first stories, and has gained other charac-
teristics, some of which are not entirely admirable.
Really far more interesting (or extraordinary) than
an understanding of Mr. Kipling is the way in
which Mr. Kipling has been understood, especially
in this country. This is one of the most instructive
things in the history of literature in America. It
may be remarked that “From Sea to Sea” is not
illustrated from the models of Mr. Lockwood Kip-
ling, but from photographs of the places in question.
Had Mr. George C. Musgrave pub-
lished his “Under Three Flags in
Cuba’ (Little, Brown, & Co.) a
year earlier, it is safe to say that it would have
been regarded as a work of the first importance.
Even now, with its appearance sadly belated through
the author's continued illness after the hardships of
his life in Cuba, it is not a book to be lightly read
or disregarded. Mr. Musgrave was an Englishman
holding Spain in high favor when he went to the
island as a correspondent for a British journal, and
the knowledge gained on the ground saw him
within a few months fighting in the insurgent ranks.
He bears the testimony of an eye-witness to the
disinterested valor of the Cuban patriots, but he
makes little prophecy for the future.
Later labors
of Mr. Kipling.
An Englishman
with the Cuban
insurgents.
Such an enquiry into the facts which
with Spain and are of mutual interest to Cuba and
*** the United States as “Cuba and
International Relations” (The Johns Hopkins Press),
reflects no little credit upon its author, Dr. James
Morton Callahan, Ph.D., the Albert Shaw lecturer
in diplomatic history in the Johns Hopkins Univer-
sity. Carefully threading his way between the
devious diplomacy of Spain and the confused par-
Cuba's Relations
tisan politics of the United States, he fairly ex-
hausts his subject within the compass of five hundred
octavo pages. It is safe to conclude that no future
historian of Spain, Cuba, or the United States, can
afford to neglect Dr. Callahan in any of his state-
ments or conclusions, which appear to be as well
considered as his researches have been thorough.
BRIEFER MENTION.
It is not often that a scholar of Professor Paul
Shorey's rank is found willing to perform the drudgery
incident to the annotation of an elementary English
text, and teachers who come into possession of his
edition of four selected books of Pope's “Iliad” (Heath)
have much reason to be grateful. The introduction and
notes supplied by the editor, and the pictures provided
by the publisher, combine to make this edition one of un-
usual value. In a general way, the editorial apparatus
embodies the same ideas that are found in Professor
Shorey's edition of Horace, which we had occasion to
praise about a year ago.
“A Primer of French Verse for Upper Forms”
(Macmillan), edited by Mr. Frederic Spencer, has for
its aim “to associate with interesting extracts from the
work of numerous French poets such hints as to the
structure of French verse as may tend to secure cor-
rect and intelligent reading of these extracts themselves
and adequate appreciation of the distinctive qualities
of French poetry as therein represented.” The ex-
tracts are usually of some length, and are so happily cho-
sen as literature (aside from their illustrative function),
that the book has claimed more of our attention than
we should ordinarily have given such a manual. In
fact, the didactic part of the work has been reduced to a
bare minimum, a feature which will recommend the
Primer to judicious teachers and serious students.
The third volume of “The Anglo-Saxon Review,”
dated December, 1899, has just been published in
this country by Mr. John Lane. The binding is cop-
ied from an example made for Charles I., and covering
the “Bavaria Pia” of 1628. The portraits are of
Napoleon, Canning, Mr. and Mrs. Shelley, Mr. Pad-
erewski, and Marie de Guise-Lorraine. The text in-
cludes the following contributions, among others:
“War Memories,” by Mr. Stephen Crane; “Our Sea-
fights with the Dutch,” by Mr. David Hannay; “Notes
on the Venezuelan Arbitration,” by Mr. G. R. Askwith;
a review of “Paolo and Francesca,” by Dr. Garnett;
“The Unflinching Realist,” by Mr. H. D. Traill; “Past
and Future in South Africa,” by Mr. Lionel Phillips;
and “Some Battlepieces,” by Mr. Sidney Low.
“A General Survey of American Literature” (Mc-
Clurg), by Miss Mary Fisher, is an attempt to make
real the personalities of our authors and to estimate
their works according to recognized canons of sound
criticism. Both objects seem to have been attained so
far as the limits of the book allow. The conventional
biographical material is treated in a pleasing style and
with discriminating sympathy. An occasional anec-
dote adds flavor. There is no unmerited praise of
American letters, no hero-worship. Handsomely made
up, and provided with an Index, the volume is a wel-
come addition to the educational force that is empha-
sizing things American.


1900.] THE
DIAL 161
NOTES.
Mr. W. R. Jenkins publishes a pamphlet called “The
Poet as Teacher,” being an address recently given by
Dr. Lewis F. Mott.
“The Tears of the Heliades; or, Amber as a Gem,”
by Mr. W. Arnold Buffum, is published in an American
edition by Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
“Madame Dreyfus,” a small volume just published
by Brentano's, is an “appreciation” of that devoted wife
and noble woman by Miss Josephine Lazarus.
The authorized American edition of Count Tolstoy's
novel “Resurrection,” upon which he has been so long
at work, will be issued by Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co.
on the first of this month.
“Orestes A. Brownson's Middle Life,” covering the
period from 1845 to 1855, being a continuation of
“Brownson's Early Life,” is published at Detroit by Mr.
H. F. Brownson, the author.
Richard Hovey, poet, educator, and lecturer, died in
New York City, Feb. 26. Mr. Hovey was but thirty-
five years of age at the time of his death, and had given
much promise of strong poetic powers.
Messrs. Small, Maynard & Co. publish a meat edition
of the “Letters of Thomas Gray,” in a selection edited,
with a biographical notice, by Mr. Henry Milnor
Rideout. The volume has an etched portrait.
Volume III. of Mr. Thomas Mackay's “History of
the English Poor Law” covers the period from 1834 to
the present time, and completes this important histor-
ical work. The Messrs. Putnam are the publishers.
“The Makers of Modern Prose,” by Mr. W. J.
Dawson (Whittaker), is a series of essays upon writers
ranging from Johnson and Goldsmith to Ruskin and
Newman. It is a companion to the earlier volume upon
English poets, and will be followed by a third upon
English novelists.
The American Book Co. issue “Our Country in Poem
and Prose,” a book of supplementary reading edited by
Miss Eleanor A. Persons. “Four Famous American
Writers” (Irving, Poe, Lowell, Taylor), by Mr. Sher-
win Cody, is a volume of similar intent issued by the
Werner School Book Co.
Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co. announce their removal
to their new building at 35th St. and 5th Ave., where
they will occupy greatly enlarged quarters. Upper
Fifth avenue is steadily growing in favor with the New
York book trade, and many of the leading houses are
now located in that section of the city.
“The Rise of Formal Satire in England under Class-
ical Influence,” by Mr. Raymond Macdonald Alden, is
a doctoral dissertation expanded for publication by the
University of Pennsylvania. It adds one more to the
list of scholarly monographs by which our universities
are doing so much for the scientific study of English
literature.
“Kant and Spencer,” by Dr. Paul Carus, is published
by the Open Court Publishing Co. It is a reprint of
matter from “The Open Court” and “The Monist,”
and the author is essentially right in the controversy,
although he seems to inject into his comments more
acerbity than is strictly necessary for the sustaining of
his position.
What is likely to prove the definitive and standard
library edition of Tennyson has been published in ten
volumes by the Macmillan Co. It includes the “Life,”
by the present Lord Tennyson, which fills four volumes
out of the ten. Chaste simplicity and dignity are the
characteristics of this set of volumes from the mechan-
ical point of view. The illustrations, of which each
volume has at least one, are nearly all portraits in pho-
togravure, and include all the familiar examples, besides
some of the less familiar ones made by the camera of
Mrs. Cameron.
“Publishing a Book” (Heath), by Mr. Charles Welsh,
is one of those small manuals put forth from time to
time for the practical guidance of inexperienced writers
for the press. It is a small volume, containing only the
bare essentials. The directions are clearly given, and
young writers who follow them will save themselves
much annoyance.
Mr. Goldwin Smith's “Shakespeare: The Man”
(Doubleday) is a rather slight essay which seeks to do
what Mr. Frank Harris attempted a few years ago
upon a more elaborate scale, and what Dr. Brandes
makes the essential thesis of his great critical work
on Shakespeare — namely, to find indications of the
poet's personality in the text of his plays. That the
essay has both critical value and charm of expression
may be taken for granted.
The article on “Byron's Influence upon Goethe,” in
this issue of THE DIAL, derives a sad interest from the
death of its author, which occurred at Evanston, Illi-
nois, the 28th of January. Miss Anna M. Bowen, a
woman of rare qualities of character and scholarship,
held, at the age of twenty-seven, the responsible posi-
tion of Dean of the Woman's College of Northwestern
University, at which institution she was graduated in
1893, afterwards studying at Cornell University, and
later at Leipsic and Munich. Some of the results of
her German studies she had planned to embody in a
series of articles on Byron's influence on German lit-
erature, of which series, now interrupted by her death,
the article in this number was intended as the beginning.
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
March, 1900.
Air Flight, Early Experiments in. Popular Science.
America's First and Latest Colony. J. G. Leigh. Forum.
Asia, The Problem of. A. T. Mahan. Harper.
Benares. Julian Ralph. Harper.
Berea, Educational Opportunity at. Review of Reviews.
Brook Farm, A Girl at. Ora G. Sedgwick. Atlantic.
China, Germany's First Colony in. Poultney Bigelow. Harper.
China's Development, Western Benefits through. Forum.
City Government, Unofficial. E. P. Wheeler. Atlantic.
City Roadways, Modern. N. P. Lewis. Popular Science.
Criminals, Typical. S. G. Smith. Popular Science.
Cross-Education. E. W. Scripture. Popular Science.
Customs Court, A. W. A. Robertson. Forum.
Englishmen in the United States. F. Cunliffe-Owen. Forum.
Foreign Policy, Growth of our. Richard Olney. Atlantic.
French Literature, Place of. G. McL. Harper. Atlantic.
Geology, A Century of. Joseph Le Conte. Popular Science.
Germany in 1899. William C. Dreher. Atlantic.
Government Deposits in Banks. G. E. Roberts. Forum.
Hampton Roads Conference, The. John Goode. Forum.
Indian Teacher among Indians. Zitkala Sa. Atlantic.
International University, An. Angelo Heilprin. Forum.
Landscape Architecture, Renaissance of. Scribner.
Mediaeval Credulity, A Survival of. E. P. Evans. Pop. Sci.
Merchant Marine, American. W. L. Marvin. Rev. of Rev.
Methuen's Division, Fighting with. H. J. Whigham. Scribner.
Mohammedan Wards, Our. Henry O. Dwight. Forum.
Moose-Hunting with the Tro-Chu-Tin. T. Adney. Harper.
New York at Night. James B. Carrington. Scribner.


162
[March 1,
THE DIAL
New York “Colony of Mercy.” Sidney Brooks. Rev. of Rev.
Opera Libretti. Andrew Lang. Forum.
Political Horizon, The. H. L. Nelson. Atlantic.
Pretoria before the War. Howard C. Hillegas. Harper.
Race, Transplantation of a. N. S. Shaler. Popular Science.
“Ribbon Lightning.” Orange Cook. Popular Science.
Ruskin, John. Lucking Tavener. Review of Reviews.
Russian Advance in Central Asia. A. R. Colquhoun. Harper.
“Salamanders” and “Salamander Cats.” Popular Science,
School to College, Transition from. L. B. R. Briggs. Atlantic.
Sculpture and Architecture. W. O. Partridge. Forum.
“Sense of Injury,” Morbid. W. F. Becker. Popular Science.
Shipping Subsidies, British. J. W. Root. Atlantic,
Slaves, Emancipation of, under Moslem Law. Rev. of Rev.
South Africa, Rights and Wrongs in. G. F. Becker. Forum.
Southern Mountaineer, The. W. G. Frost. Rev. of Reviews.
Steamship Subsidies, Policy of. A.T. Hadley. Rev. of Rev.
Trolley-Car Mechanism. Wm. Baxter, Jr. Popular Science.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 71 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
The Life of Abraham Lincoln. Drawn from original
sources and containing man eches, letters, and tele-
grams now first published. By Ida M. Tarbell. In 2 vols.,
Alº 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. Doubleday & McClure
o. $5.
The Early Married Life of Maria Josepha, Lady Stanley.
With extracts from Sir John Stanley's “Praeterita.” Ed-
ited by one of their Grandchildren, Jane H. Adeane. Illus.
in photogravure, large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 461. Long-
mans, Green, & Co. $5.
Shakespeare the Man: An Attempt to Find Traces of the
Dramatist's Character in his Dramas. By Goldwin Smith.
With portrait, 16mo, pp. 60. Doubleday & McClure Co.
75c. net.
Thomas Paine. By Ellery Sedgwick. With portrait, 24mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 150. “Beacon Biographies.” Small,
Maynard & Co. 75 cts.
Madame Dreyfus: An Appreciation. By Josephine Lazurus.
18mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 54. Brentano's. 50 cts.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
The Anglo-Saxon Review: A Quarterly Miscellany. Ed-
ited by Lady Randolph Spencer Churchill. Vol III., De-
cember, 1899. With photogravure portraits, 4to, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 256. John Lane. $6. net.
Brook Farm: Its Members, Scholars, and Visitors. By
Lindsay Swift. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 303. “National
Studies in American Letters.” Macmillan Co. $1.25.
The Makers of Modern Prose: A Popular Handbook to
the Greater Prose Writers of the Century. By W. J.
Dawson. 8vo, uncut, pp. 302. Thos. Whitaker. $2.
Historical Tales from Shakespeare. By A. T. Quiller-
Couch. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 435. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $1.50.
Malentendus. Par Th, Bentzon.
Paris: Calmann Lévy. Paper.
Indian Story and Song from North America. By Alice C.
Fletcher. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 126. Small, Maynard
& Co. $1.50
The Age of Johnson (1748–1798). By Thomas Seccombe.
16mo, pp. 366. “Handbooks of English Literature.”
Macmillan Co. $1. net.
The Fisher Maiden, and The Lover's Caprice. By J. Wolf-
ang von Goethe ; trans, for the first time by Martha
#. Bannan; with Introduction by W. Clarke Rob-
inson, B.Sc. Illus, in photogravure, 12mo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 116. Philadelphia: John C. Yorston Pub’g Co.
The Rise of Formal Satire in England under Classical
Influence. By Raymond Macdonald Alden. 8vo, pp. 264.
jºis of Pennsylvania Publications.” inn &
o. 1.
Letters of Thomas Gray. Selected, with a Bibliographical
Notice, by Henry Milnor Rideout. With portrait, 16mo,
uncut, pp. 222. Small, Maynard & Co. $1.
16mo, uncut, pp. 325.
The Story of English Kings according to Shakespeare. By
J. J. Burns, M.A. Illus., 12mo, pp. 272. "Home Read-
ing Books.” D. Appleton & Co. 65c, net.
Stories from the Arabian Nights. Selected by Adam
Singleton. Illus., 12mo, pp.248. “Home Reading Books.”
D. Appleton & Co. 65c. net.
Briar Blossoms: Being a Collection of a Few Verses and
Some Prose. By Howard Llewellyn Swisher. With por-
trait, 8vo, pp. 109. Morgantown, W. Wa.: Acme Pub-
lishing Co. $1.
HISTORY.
The Passing of the Empires, 850 B.C. to 330 B.C. By G.
Maspero; edited by A. H. Sayce; trans. by M. L. Me-
Clure, illus, with colored photogravures, etc., 4to, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 824. D. Appleton & Co. $7.50.
How England Saved Europe: The Story of the Great
War, 1793–1815. By William H. Fitchett. Wols. II. and
III. Each illus., 8vo. Charles Seribner's Sons. Per
vol., $2.
The Anglo-Boer Conflict: Its History and Causes. By
* Ireland. 16mo, pp. 134. Small, Maynard & Co.
5 cts.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
CEuvres Complètes de Molière. Miniature edition, on
Oxford India paper. In 4 vols., 32mo, gilt edges. Oxford
University Press. $3.50.
Library of English Classics. First vols.: Bacon's Essays
and Advancement of Learning, and The Plays of Richard
Brinsley Sheridan. Each 8vo, uncut. Macmillan Co. Per
vol., $1.50.
The Compleat Angler. By Izaak Walton. Miniature edi-
tion, on Oxford India paper. Size 2% X1% inches, gilt
edges, pp. 587. Oxford University Press. 75 cts.
Cassell's National Library, New Series. New vols.: º:
den's Poems, Milton's Areopagitica, etc., Sir Philip Sid-
ney's A Defense of Poesie, and Thomas Lodge's Rosalind.
Each 24mo. Cassell & Co. Per vol., paper, 10cts.
POETRY.
Taliesin: A Masque. By Richard Hovey. 16mo, gilt edges,
pp. 58. Small, Maynard & Co. $1. -
Folk Songs from the Spanish. By Helen Huntington.
16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 75. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1.25 net.
- FICTION.
To Have and to Hold. By Mary Johnston. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 403. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.50.
Yeoman Fleetwood.
By M. E. Francis (Mrs. Francis
Blundell).
$ 12mo, pp. 403. Longmans, Green. & Co.
1 50.
One Queen Triumphant. By Frank Mathew.
top, uncut, pp. 308. John Lane. $1.50.
Mary Paget: A Romance of Old Bermuda. By Minna Car-
oline Smith. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 326. Macmillan Co.
$1.50
The Judgment of Helen. By Thomas Cobb. 12mo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 320. John Lane. $1.50.
With Sword and Crucifix. By Edward S. Van Zile.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 299. Harper & Bros. $1.50.
The Golden Horseshoe. Edited by Stephen Bonsal. 12mo,
pp. 316. Macmillan Co. $1.50.
By the Marshes of Minas. By Charles G. D. Roberts. With
frontispiece, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 285. Silver, Burdett
Co. $1.25.
A Man's Woman. By Frank Norris, 12mo, pp. 286. Double-
day & McClure Co. $1.50.
The Gentleman Pensioner: A Romance of the Year 1569.
By Albert Lee. 12mo, pp. 351. D. Appleton & Co. $1.;
paper, 50 cts.
Terence. By Mrs. B. M. Croker. 12mo, pp. 320. F. M. Buckles
& Co. $1.25.
High Stakes. By Lawrence I. Lynch. Illus., 12mo, pp. 368.
Laird & Lee. 75 cts.; paper, 25 cts.
The Fate of Madame La Tour: A Tale of Great Salt Lake.
By Mrs. A. G. Paddock, 12mo, pp. 310. Fords, Howard
& Hulbert. $1.
Aboard “The American Duchess.” By George L.
Myers. 12mo, pp. 341. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.; paper,
50 cts.
Thro' Fire to Fortune. By Mrs. Alexander. 12mo, pp. 320.
R. F. Fenno & Co. $1.25.
12mo, gilt


1900.] THE
DIAL 168
THEOLOGY AND RELIGION.
Exploratio Evangelica: A Brief Examination of the Basis
and Origin of Christian Belief. By Percy Gardner, Litt.D.
Large 8vo, pp. 521. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $4.50 net.
History of the Christian Church, A. D., 1517–1648. Vol.
III., Reformation and Counter-Reformation. By the late
Dr. Wilhelm Moeller; edited by Dr. G. Kawerau; trans.
from the German by J. H. Freese, M.A. Large 8vo,
uncut, pp. 476. Macmillan Co. $3.75.
The Apostolic Age: Its Life, Doctrine, Worship, and Polity.
By James Vernon Bartlet. 12mo, pp.542. “Ten Epochs of
Church History.” Charles Scribner's Sons. $2. net.
The Christian Use of the Psalms. With Essays on the
Proper Psalms in the Anglican Prayer Book. º, Rev.
T. K. Cheyne, M.A. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 273. E. P. Dutton
& Co. $2.
Theism in the Light of Present Science and Philosophy. By
James Iverach, M.A. 12mo, uncut, pp. 330. acmillan
Co. $1.50.
The English Church from its Foundation to the Norman
Conquest (597–1066). By William Hunt, M.A. 12mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 444. Mºjº: Co. $1.50.
Social Meaning of Modern Religious Movements in
England: Being the Ely Lectures for 1899. By Thomas
C. Hall, D.D. 12mo, pp. 283. Charles Scribner's Sons.
$1.50 net.
Puritan Preaching in England: A Study of Past and
Present. By John Brown, D.D. 12mo, pp. 290. Charles
Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
An Ethical Sunday School: A Scheme for the Moral
Instruction of the Young. By Walter L. Sheldon. 12mo,
pp. 206. Macmillan Co. $1.25 met.
Christian and Civic Economy of Large Towns. By
Thomas Chalmers, D.D.; abridged and with Introduction
by C. R. Henderson, 12mo, pp. 350. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $1.25 net.
Sunday Afternoons for the Children: A Mother Book.
By E. Francis Soule. 16mo, pp. 162. Fords, Howard &
Hulbert. 75 cts.
Legalized Wrong: A Comment on the Tragedy of Jesus.
§: Rºº. Clowry Chapman. 12mo, pp. 31. F. H. Revell
- cts.
POLITICAL AND SOCIAL STUDIES.
A History of the English Poor Law. Vol. III., From
1834 to the Present Time. By Thomas Mackay. Large
8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 617. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$650 net.
The Mind of the Nation: A Study of Political Thought in
the Nineteenth Century. By Marcus R. P. Dorman, M.A.
8vo, uncut, pp. 492. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trúb-
ner & Co., Ltd.
How Women May Earn a Living. By Helen Churchill
Candee. 12mo, pp. 342. Macnuillan Co. $1.
SCIENCE AND NATURE.
The Principles of Biology. By Herbert Spencer. Revised
and enlarged edition, in 2 vols. Wol. II., illus., 12mo,
pp. 663. D. Appleton & Co. $2.
Outlines of the Comparative Physiology and Morpho-
logy of Animals. By Joseph Le Conte, Illus., 12mo, pp.
499. D. Appleton & Co. $2.
North American Forests and Forestry: Their Relations
to the National Life of the American People. By Ernest
Bruncken. 8vo, pp. 265. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2
Home and Garden: Notes and Thoughts, Practical and
Critical, of a Worker in Both. By Gertrude Jekyll.
; large 8vo, uncut, pp. 301. Longmans, Green, & Co.
3.50.
Gardens, Ancient and Modern: An Epitome of the Litera-
ture of the Garden-Art. With an Historical Epilogue by
Albert Forbes Sieveking, F.S.A. Illus, in photogravure,
etc., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 423. Macmillan Co. $3.
Outside the Garden. By Helen Milman (Mrs. Caldwell
Crofton); illus. by Edmund H. New. 12mo, uncut,
pp. 234. John Lane. $1.50.
Popular Studies in Mythology, Romance, and Folklore.
First vols.: Celtic and Mediaeval Romance, by Alfred
Nutt; Folklore: What is It and What is the Good of It,
by E.S. Hartland, F.S.A.; Ossian and the Ossianic Litera-
ture, by Alfred Nutt; King Arthur and his Knights, by
#. ... Weston. Each, 18mo. London: David Nutt.
aper.
Kant and Spencer. By Dr. Paul Carus. 12mo, º 150.
“Religion of Science łº Open Court Publishing
Co. Paper, 20 cts.
EDUCATION.—BOOKS FOR SCHOOL AND
COLLEGE.
The Nervous System of the Child: Its Growth and Health
in Education. By Francis Warner, M.D. 12mo, pp. 233.
Macmillan Co. $1.
A Manual of Zoology. By T. Jeffrey Parker, D.Sc., and
William A. Haswell, M.A. Revised and adapted for use
º American schools. Illus., 12mo, pp. 563. Macmillan Co.
1.60.
Handbook of Domestic Science and Household Arts for
Use in Elementary Schools: A Manual for Teachers.
Edited by Lucy L. W. Wilson. Ph.D.; with Preface by
* Ellen H. Richards. 12mo, pp. 407. Macmillan Co.
1
A New French Course: Comprising the Essentials of the
Grammar, with a Series of Illustrated Conversations in
Paris. By Edwin F. Bacon, Ph.B. 12mo, pp. 315. Amer-
ican Book Co. $1.
The Nature and Work of Plants: An Introduction to the
Study of Botany. By Daniel Trembly Macdougal, Ph.D.
12mo, pp. 218. Macmillan Co. 80 cts.
A Rational Grammar of the English Language. By
W. B. Powell, A.M., and Louise Connolly, M.S. 12mo,
pp. 320. American Book Co. 60 cts.
South America: A Geographical Reader. By Frank G.
Carpenter. Illus., 12mo, pp. 352. American Book Co.
60 cts.
The Talisman: A Tale of the Crusaders. By Sir Walter
Scott; edited by Julia M. Dewey. 12mo, pp. 304. American
Book 50 cts.
Dahn's Sigwaltund Sigridh. Edited by F. G. G. Schmidt,
Ph.D. With portrait, 16mo, pp. 72. D. C. Heath & Co.
25 cts.
Lowell's Vision of Sir Launfal, and Other Poems. Edited
by Herbert Bates. With portrait, 24mo, pp. 126. Mac-
millan Co. 25 cts.
Rational Writing Books: Rapid Vertical Penmanship.
In 6 books, 8vo. Werner School Book Co. Paper,
MISCELLANEOUS.
Care and Treatment of Epileptics. By William Pryor
Letchworth, LL.D. Illus., large 8vo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 246. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $4.
Annals of an Old Manor-House, Sutton Place, Guildford.
By Frederic Harrison. New and abridged edition. Illus.,
12mo, uncut, pp. 248. Macmillan Co. $1.25.
The Tears of the Heliades; or, Amber as a Gem. By
W. Arnold Buffum. First American edition, revised by
the author. Illus, in colors, etc., 12mo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 110. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
Voices of Freedom and Studies in the Philosophy of Indi-
viduality. By Horatio W. Dresser. With portrait, 12mo,
gilt top, pp. 204. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25.
The Stage as a Career: A Sketch of the Actor's Life, its
Requirements, Hardships. and Rewards. By Philip G.
Hubert, Jr. 12mo, pp. 192. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.
Whist: American Leads and their History. With a review
of later innovations in the game. By Nicholas Browse
Trist. 16mo, pp. 158. Harper & Brothers. $1. net.
Healthy Exercise. By Robert H. Greene, M.D. Illus.,
16mo, pp. 167. Harper & Brothers. $1. net.
Muscle, Brain, and Diet: A Plea for Simpler Foods. By
* H. Miles, M.A. 12mo, pp. 345. Macmillan Co.
1
Olga Nethersole: A Collection of Pictures. 4to. R. H.
Russell. Paper, 25 cts.
From Pot-Closet to Palais Royal; or, How a Tired House-
keeper Went to Europe. By Mary W. Littell. 16mo,
pp. 119. J. S. Ogilvie Fibº Co. Paper, 25 cts.
uthors'
gemſ.)
Mention. The Dial.
NINTH YEAR. Criticism, Revision,
Disposal Thorough attention to M88.
of all kinds, including Music.
REFERENcks: Noah Brooks, Mrs. Deland,
Mrs. Burton Harrison, W. D. Howells,
Thomas Nelson Page, Charles Dudley
Warner, Mary E. Wilkins, and others.
Send stamp for NEW BOOKLET to
WILLIAM. A. DRESSER,
150 Pierce Building, Boston, Mass.


164
[March 1,
THE DIAL
LD AND RARE BOOKS AT REASONABLE PRICES.
Catalogues Sent on Application.
FALKENAU'S BOOK STORE, No. 167 Madison Street, Chicago.
OLD BOOKS.
OLD MAGAZINES.
CATALOGUE FREE. Lowest
prices on New Books. Antiquarian
Book Store, 43 E. Van Buren St.,
between State & Wabash, Chicago.
Rare and | My Catalogues are FREE for the asking.
Uncommon F. M. MORRIS, The Book Shop,
B00KS. 171 Madison Street, . . Chicago, ILL.
UNITARIAN PUBLICATIONS SENT FREE.
Address P. O. M., Unitarian Church, Jamaica Plain, Mass.
KLI PS SAMPLE AND CIRCULARS, TEN CENTS.
H. H. BALLARD, 433 PITTs FIELD, MAss.
B00K HUNTING EXCLUSIVELY.
If Promptness and Price mean anything to you, I should
have your list of “Wants” by the next mail.
Address H. H. TIMBY (Book Hunter),
P. O. Box, 927. CoNNEAUT, OHIo.
BOOKS
WHEN CALLING, PLEASE ASK FOR
AT MR. GRANT.
Whenever You Nrred 4 book.
LIBERAL Address MR. GRANT. -
DISCOUNTS | Before buying Books, write for quotations. An
assortment of catalogues, and special slips of
books at reduced prices, will be sent for a ten-cent stamp.
F. E. GRANT, Books, 23 West 42d Street,
New York.
Mention this advertisement and receive a discount.
RENTANO’S
OOKSºlº:
AT POPULAR PRICES
218 WABASH AVENUE
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
LIBRARIES.
WE solicit correspondence with book-buyers for private and
other Libraries, and desire to submit figures on proposed lists.
Our recently revised topically arranged Library List (mailed
gratis on application) will be found useful by those selecting
titles.
THE BAKER & TAYLOR CO.,
Wholesale Books, 5 & 7 East 16th St., New York.
RARE BOOKS
Catalogues and Special Lists free
to Actual Buyers.
PICKING UP SCARCE BOOKS
A SPECIALTY.
Private and Public Libraries
supplied.
i
i
- —
AMERICAN PRESS CO., Baltimore, Md.
reADF IN FEBRUARY. A NEW
PHYSICS FOR SCHOOLS.
By Charles Burton Thwing, Ph.D., Knox College.
Correspondence with Science Teachers earnestly solicited.
Benj. H. Sanborn & Co., Publishers,
BOSTON, MASS.
The Humboldt is the only publication of its kind—the only
one containing popular scientific works at low
Library of Science prices. It contains only works of ac-
knowledged excellence by authors in
the first rank in the world of science. In this series are well repre-
sented the writings of Darwin, Huxley, Spencer, Tyndall, Proctor,
and other leaders of thought. Catalogues free; or sample vol., 15 cts.
THE HUMBOLDT LIBRARY, 64 Fifth Ave., New York.
WILLIAM DAWSON & SONS, Ltd.
(Established 1809)
Cannon House, Bream's Buildings, London, England.
Branches: Cannon Street, Craven Street, Cardiff,
• Exeter, and Leicester.
EXPORT NEWS AGENTS AND BOOKSELLERS
Supply the trade with all Newspapers, Magazines, Books, etc.
Arrangements can be made for shipping through our New York Agent.
B00KS All Out-of-Print Books supplied, no matter on what
subject. Acknowledged the world over as the most expert
book-finders extant. Please state wants. BAKER'S GREAT BOOK-
SHOP, 14–16 John Bright Street, BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND.
FIRST EDITIONS OF MODERN AUTHORS,
Including Dickens, Thackeray, Lever, Ainsworth, Stevenson,
Jefferies, Hardy. Books illustrated by G. and R. Cruikshank,
Phiz, Rowlandson Leech, etc. The Largest and Choicest Col-
lection offered for Sale in the World. Catalogues issued and
sent post free on application. Books bought.-WALTER T.
SPENCER, 27 New Oxford St., London, W. C., England.
c/1UTOGRAPH LETTERS
OF FAMOUS PEOPLE
Bought and sold by
WALTER ROMEYN BENJAMIN,
1125 Broadway, New York City.
SEND FOR PRICE LISTS.
STORY-WRITERS, Biographers, Historians, Poets–Do
- you desire the honest criticism of your
book, or its skilled revision and correction, or advice as to publication?
Such work, said George William Curtis, is “done as it should be by The
Easy Chair's friend and fellow laborer in letters, Dr. Titus M. Coan."
Terms by agreement. Send for circular D, or forward your book or M8.
to the New York Bureau of Revision, 70 Fifth Ave., New York.
ourt NEW DESCRIPTIVE BOOKLFT OF
FREE sTANdARD AUthors in anºedition.
Send postal to
114 Fifth Ave., New York.
CROSCUP & STERLING CO.
Book Plates AND Book LABELs purchased in small or
large amounts. Send description and price. Consignments on
approval solicited. Expressage or postage will be paid by
W. C. PREscort, NEwton High LANDs, Mass.
WE BUY º:* and wholesome works.
elto
DODGE PUBLISHING COMPANY, AUTHORS.
No. 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City.
First C. J. PRICE,
Editions Importer of Foreign Books,
- 1004 Walnut St., ( - Philadelphia, Pa.,
of Dickens, Has just issued a new tº: of first editions of
the abo thors, at very reasonable prices. Sent
Thackeray º i. : . n request. A select list :
importations of choice And rare English and Frenc
and Lever. Books issued :*
|
t
*



THE
DIAL
% $tmi-ſāonthlg 3ournal of 3Littrarg Criticism, HBigtuggion, amb Information.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
each month. TERMs or SUBscRIPTION, 82.00 a year in advance, postage
prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries
comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must
be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the
current number. REMITTANCEs should be by draft, or by express or
postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATEs to CLUBs and
for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application;
and SAMPLE Cory on receipt of 10 cents. Adventisng RATEs furnished
on application. All communications should be addressed to
THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
No. 330. MARCH 16, 1900. Vol. XXVIII.
CONTENTS.
page
THE HOUSE OF MOLIERE . . . . . . . . . 189
THE REALITY OF THE IDEAL. Henry C.
Payne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
NEW LIGHT ON LINCOLN'S LIFE. E. G. J. . 192
THE ENGLISH RADICALS. E. D. Adams . 194
MORE LETTERS OF THE MASTER OF
BALLIOL. Josiah Renick Smith . . 195
THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY. B. A. -
Hinsdale . . . . . . ... 197
SOME CURRENT FALLACIES OF CAPTAIN
MAHAN. Wallace Rice . . . . . . . . . 198
STATISTICS AND CENSUS TAKING. Mar
West . . . 200
THE RACES OF EUROPE. Frederick Starr . 202
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS . . . . . 203
An admirable account of the English novel.— Recol-
lections, by Mr. Gladstone's private secretary.—The
troubadours and their world. — A stimulation to the
study of Milton.—The real Ettrick Shepherd.-The
peasants' war.—The stage as a career.—Estimates of
Tennyson, Ruskin, and other men of thought.—
Francis Lieber, publicist and scholar.—A record and
review of Sir Henry Irving. — Reminiscences of
an anti-slavery reformer. — A myth-crop from
our “new possessions.”— Experiences of an Irish
magistrate.-Pepys's ghost in modern Gotham and
elsewhere.
BRIEFER MENTION . . 207
NOTES . 208
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF SPRING BOOKS . . 209
A classified list of over seven hundred titles of
books to be issued by American publishers during
the Spring of 1900.
THE HOUSE OF MOLIERE.
The destruction by fire of the Théâtre-Fran-
çais, on the eighth of this month, is one of
those calamities which appeal with overwhelm-
ing force to the sympathies of the small but
world-wide public of cultivated people. To
the large general public, no doubt, which weighs
disasters chiefly by the number of human lives
concerned, such an event is merely the loss of
an interesting building, to be deplored for a
brief space and then forgotten. But to the
comparative few who know for what the Maison
de Molière has stood in the development of
dramatic art and the history of human intelli-
gence, the thought of its destruction, together
with that of its priceless historical and artistic
contents, is one of those intolerable oppressions
that the mind refuses to bear all at once, that
have to be gradually realized as one detail after
another, whether derived from closet-study or
from intimate personal association, comes back
to the memory, to be reviewed in the new light
of the knowledge that all these things are now
of the past indeed. It seems that the exterior
of the building may yet be preserved; it seems
also that some of the treasures of painting and
sculpture were rescued from the flames; but no
reconstruction of the famous edifice, no recon-
stitution of its collections, can ever again make
it what it was, or offer to the twentieth-century
pilgrim of culture such a shrine, hallowed by
such relics, as the old building offered to the
pilgrim of the nineteenth.
The precursors of the Théâtre-Français are
to be found in the Hôtel de Bourgogne of 1548,
the Hôtel du Petit-Bourbon of 1577, the early
seventeenth century Théâtre du Marais and
salles de spectacle of the Palais-Royal. Two
or three other theatres had a brief vogue dur-
ing the seventeenth century, but it was not
until the year 1680 that the action was taken
which determines the beginnings of the Thé-
âtre-Français in the strict sense. In that year
the actors of the Marais and the Bourgogne
joined forces, and were united by royal decree
into the company of the Comédie-Française,
which still survives, after a corporate existence
of over two centuries, almost the only institu-
tion of the Ancien Régime that was not swept
away by the Revolution. It is to be noted that


190
[March 16,
THE DIAL
Molière and his fellow-players, after the period
of their strolling apprenticeship to the stage,
came to Paris in 1658, and played at the Petit-
Bourbon and the Palais-Royal. Molière died in
1673, and after his death his companions united
with the Marais troupe, thus joining the tradi-
tion of Molière with the tradition of Corneille.
The tradition of Racine was added by the fusion
with the Bourgogne troupe, and thus, in 1680,
the Comédie-Française came into its inherit-
ance of the three great dramatists, their tradi-
tions, their prestige, and their fame. How that
inheritance has been handed down to our own
time may be illustrated by the following quo-
tation from M. Sarcey: “Do you know that
between Got and Molière there are only seven
or eight names of great actors? We have, so
to speak, only to stretch out our hand to be
able, across several generations, to find the first
Mascarille. Got played a long time with Mon-
rose, who had seen Dazincourt. Dazincourt
appeared young by the side of Préville, already
old. Préville had known Poisson, who is the
last link of the chain up to Molière. In this
way the tradition has been preserved alive from
one great actor to another.” Now and then an
innovation has been made in the interpretation
of some character of the classical drama; when
such an innovation has won the approval of
the judicious, it has been adopted, and has fur-
nished the starting-point for a new tradition.
During the century or more that followed its
foundation, the Comédie-Française occupied
many homes — the Palais-Royal, the Tuileries,
the Odéon, and others. It was at the Odéon
that the Revolution overtook the players, inter-
rupted their activities, and threw them for a
time into prison. When they were released,
they took possession of the building in the Rue
Richelieu that they have occupied ever since,
and assumed the name of Théâtre-Français—
changed temporarily, in order to follow the
fashion of the hour, to Théâtre de la Répub-
lique. Into the building thus occupied, the
lares and penates of the historical organization
were gathered, and the collection of works of art
and historical records has continued to accumu-
late ever since. It is this collection, together
with the venerable building which housed it,
which was in great measure destroyed the
other day, to the irreparable loss of mankind.
It is only when one thinks of all that the
Comédie-Française has meant for the history
of dramatic art that one can realize what is .
meant by the destruction of the material em-
bodiments of that history. With this institu-
tion are inseparably interwoven the seventeenth-
century glories of Molière, Corneille, and Ra-
cine, the eighteenth-century triumphs of Mari-
vaux, Woltaire, and Beaumarchais, the nine-
teenth-century renown of Hugo, Dumas, and
Augier. Nor does the roll of its great actors —
evanescent though the fame of the player be, as
compared with that of the writer — sound in
our modern ears with a greatly inferior rever-
beration. Talma, Mars, and Rachel are still
names with which to conjure, and we doubt not
that a century hence such names as Got,
Coquelin, and Bernhardt will be something
more than dead memories of a forgotten past.
Mr. Brander Matthews, in the following ima-
ginary comparison, gives us some notion of
what an institution like the Comédie-Française
must mean to the national consciousness of a
people: “To find any parallel for the career
of the Comédie-Française in our language and
literature we should have to rely on the imag-
ination. If the Globe Theatre had been worth-
ily maintained from Shakespeare's death until
now ; if the best works of Shirley and Congreve
and Farquhar and Sheridan and Goldsmith had
been written for it; if Barton Booth and Gar-
rick and Siddons and Kemble and Kean had
appeared on its stage; if our memory connected
it with every masterpiece of dramatic writing
and acting — then we might form some idea of
the position held in Paris by the Comédie-
Française.” Some idea, yes, but even then a
very inadequate one, for the drama, in spite of
the great Elizabethans, is not nearly as import-
ant a part of our literature as it is of the
French, and by just that difference would our
imaginary Comédie-Anglaise fall short of being
what its real French prototype has been and
will continue to be, even amid its strange new
twentieth-century surroundings.
The foreign sojourner in Paris, if possessed
of the capacity for enjoying the finer sort of
art, has always found his way upon an early
occasion to the House of Molière in the Rue
de Richelieu. He may have gone to other
play-houses as a matter of curiosity, but for
steady enjoyment he has soon settled down to
the Français, and, however few his Parisian
evenings, he has, if well-advised, spent the
greater number of them at the one place where
the fine fleur of French civilization is at its
best. Mr. Henry James has written charm-
ingly of the charm of the place, “the charm
that one never ceases to feel, however often
one may sit beneath the classic, dusky dome.”
What he writes is so exactly expressive of the


1900.] THE
DIAL 191
feelings of everyone who is susceptible to the
more subtle forms of artistic appeal that we
may fitly reproduce his further reflections upon
the subject: “The Théâtre-Français has had
the good fortune to be able to allow its tradi-
tions to accumulate. They have been pre-
served, transmitted, respected, cherished, un-
til at last they form the very atmosphere, the
vital air, of the establishment. A stranger
feels their superior influence the first time he
sees the great curtain go up; he feels that he
is in a theatre that is not as other theatres are.
It is not only better, it is different. It has a
peculiar affection —something consecrated,
historical, academic. This impression is deli-
cious, and he watches the performance in a
sort of tranquil ecstasy. Never has he seen
anything so smooth and harmonious, so artis-
tic and complete. He has heard all his life
of attention to detail, and now, for the first
time, he sees something that deserves that
name. He sees dramatic effort refined to a
point with which the English stage is unac-
quainted. . . . He is in an ideal and exem-
plary world — a world that has managed to
attain all the felicities that the world we live
in misses. The people do the things that we
should like to do; they are gifted as we should
like to be ; they have mastered the accom-
plishments that we have had to give up.” The
contrast offered by this exhibition of dramatic
art taken seriously to the best that the En-
glishman or American sees upon the stage at
home is very startling, and is, considered
merely as an object lesson, of prime importance.
The sensational devices of our own theatres,
their tawdry decorations and their crude stage
management, the poses and affectations of our
actors, the reliance of our actresses upon the
gowns which distract an audience from proper
attention to the action — all these things ap-
pear in their true light after one has seen half
a dozen performances in the famous French
theatre. One used to think them highly ef.
fective, knowing nothing better; one now dis-
covers that they appertain to a primitive form
of art, and contemplates with dismay the pros-
pect of returning home, and having to fall
back upon them for theatrical entertainment.
The experience is nothing less than a revela-
tion, an opening of eyes hitherto blind, and
we may at least hope that when the revelation
shall have come to a sufficient number of
Americans, they may be able to create the de-
mand requisite for the production and support
of genuine dramatic art. Nor will this inspira-
tion be lacking, despite the loss of the histori-
cal play-house, for the spirit which made it
what it has been must still survive, and we
have no fear that the Comédie-Française, in
whatever new home it may select for itself,
will fail to carry on into the coming century
the high artistic ideals that it has upheld dur-
ing the century now so nearly at an end.
THE REALITY OF THE IDEAL.
It seems paradoxical, yet it is true, that life shows
wholly life-like only in the interpretations of art.
Nor is it the forms and the manner, inaptly styled
realistic, but rather the less circumstantial reports
of ideal art, that reveal it thus fully. Let us select
from this art any group of people, either from a
novel, a dramatic poem, or a painting, and we shall
find that they awaken a consciousness of life in us
that is much wider than their own range of time
and action. Suppose we take two perfectly familiar
figures from the art which stands midway between
the painting and the novel. What is it in the fig-
ures of Iago and Othello that makes them stand out
in such splendid relief from the background of life
and of the art that circumstantially repeats it 2 No
real people could give so full a report of the ener-
gies that gather and play around these storm-centres
of life, not even those whose measure would most
nearly correspond to these heroic proportions. But
would not the real people have the expression that
belonged to the emotions and thoughts that were
active within, and should we not be able to read
what was going on there as well as, or better than,
we can read it in the poem, or in any art expression
that might be given it? Certainly not. No doubt
the real people would show something of what they
thought and felt, but not enough to overcome and
dominate the impression of what was external and
mere scenic effect. Even if by some altogether
unlikely chance the circumstance should so perfectly
fit the thoughts and feelings that were active, as to
show all that they were, the natures which gave
them exercise would be too limited in their capaci-
ties to make them a revelation of life at large.
It is only when art arranges and selects and
shapes life, to make it fit some ideal conception
thereof, that it shows thus complete and whole.
Our ideas of what life is are formed of many ex-
periences and impressions. Memory saves from
each some essential expression, and the rest becomes
mere shadowy background or is quite forgotten.
Out of the sum of these “survivals of the fittest”
we get a general notion of how life would look if
we could see it complete in any one of its expres-
sions; that is, if the imperfect, badly shaped, and
fragmentary forms in which love and envy and de-
sire and hate have appeared to us in life could be
shown in forms that would compass all that they


192 - THE T)IAL
[March 16,
are. The art, then, whose forms are such as com-
prehend fully, to its potential limits, the life that is
its subject, will be more life-like than life itself, an
interpreter and revealer of it even to those who
know it best.
But life-likeness in a work of art not only de-
pends upon a conception and terms that comprehend
the whole range of its kind of experiences, the work
must be the expression as well of a mind working
in a correspondingly comprehensive way. Its terms
must not only release life from the narrow bounds
of the actual, but they must also be the expression
of artistic perceptions as wide in their range as that
of the life out of which the conception has been
formed. Now, perception and feeling reach both
ways, and every state of mind and every act is de-
termined by negative as well as by positive compul-
sions. This needs not to be proved, for experience
everywhere witnesses to it. It is shown in the equally
imperative “do” and “do not ” of every civil,
moral, and religious code, in the divergent percep-
tions and sentiments of good and evil that determine
all conduct, in every fear that waits upon every
hope, in every hope that waits upon every fear.
A work of art, then, must be the product of the
artist's perceptions and feelings, on both sides of
his subject, if it is to be a full expression of his
mind about it. In Iago, evil shows all real and
human, without a single incompetence or failure, as
of pointed ear or cloven hoof, because a great ap-
preciation of what he is not, worked together and
equally with a great hatred and a clear intellectual
perception of what he is, in creating him. Othello
is thus completely convincing, because the mind
that conceived his joy had an equal perception of
the anguish that waited upon it, and the mind that
conceived “the pity of it” conceived it in such
moving terms because it realized the opposite po-
tentialities of the soul with the same full and pas-
sionate appreciation. The artist has here confessed
himself, and in large, from limit to limit, disclosing
the whole vast reach of his thought and feeling from
the Olympian peak of his desire to the black depth
which limits his perception of related evil.
The ideal is thus the only real art, because it
alone disengages life from its encumbrances, its ac-
cidents of time and place and scene; because it
alone joins together the broken pieces that show in
its single incidents and events, and presents them
in an intelligible and organic whole. And not only
by its fuller revelation of life is it more real than
the art that is miscalled so, or even than life itself,
but also because the spirit that has created it has
infused a full measure of its own life into the ex-
pression it has given the other. And, after all, it
is this that has entered into it, this virtue, this pas-
sion of the heart and brain that have conceived it,
that makes it moving. This it is that, like the
quiver in a voice, plays on the heart-strings. This
is the breath of life, to its cold and perfect forms.
HENRY C. PAYNE.
Čbe #tº $ooks.
NEW LIGHT ON IIINCOLN'S LIFE."
The distinctive value of Miss Tarbell's Life
of Lincoln lies in the fact that it is to some
extent based on independent research, and con-
tains a considerable amount of new and inter-
esting information. This information is the
fruit of the systematic and extensive inquiries
instituted in 1894 by the proprietors of “Mc-
Clure's Magazine,” with a view to securing,
ere it was too late, such reminiscences of Lin-
coln's then surviving contemporaries as were
worth preserving. As the enterprise, aside from
its commercial character, was rightly felt to be
of a quasi-public nature, the public was asked
to coöperate in it; and the invitation was
freely responded to. Hundreds of replies from
all parts of the country were received, and a
good deal of new and useful matter was se-
cured. This matter was largely embodied in
the two series of articles by Miss Tarbell which
appeared in “McClure's Magazine” during the
past five years, the first one covering Lincoln's
life up to 1858, and the second one dealing with
the later and more strictly historical phase of
his career. Both series, in a revised and sup-
plemented form, are published in the present
volumes.
Miss Tarbell's work has thus been largely
one of compilation, and she has done it for the
most part in a thorough and workmanlike way.
She has given us a straightforward, plain nar-
rative, copiously strewn with extracts and an-
ecdotes, and free from rhetorical flourish or
attributions of the Parson Weems variety. An
appendix of some two hundred pages is devoted
to a miscellaneous collection of hitherto unpub-
lished speeches, letters, and telegrams, some of
which are worth preservation, others, in our
opinion, not.
Let us hasten to say, however, that the new
material presented by Miss Tarbell is, as she
claims, of considerable value, and adds much
to our knowledge of Lincoln's life. It is not
a mere new budget of Lincoln stories tending
to vulgarize one of the noblest figures in our
history. It is time to have done with the no-
tion that Abraham Lincoln was in the main a
wag, a dry joker with an uncommon fund of
“ horse-sense,” and a backwoodsman's boorish
*THE LIFE of ABRAHAM LINcolN. Drawn from origi-
nal sources, and containing many speeches, letters, and tele-
grams now first published. By Ida M. Tarbell. In two
volumes, illustrated. New York: Doubleday & McClure Co.
y


1900.]
193
THE DIAL
contempt of learning and good manners. With
all his humor, his not always delicate drollery,
there was a vein of the profoundest melan-
choly in Lincoln's nature. He loved mourn-
ful poetry, and was haunted by mournful fan-
cies. The pathos of life touched him deeply,
the more so because his own days were full of
it. He thirsted for learning, and prized it not
alone as a means, but as an end in itself. How
ardently he had pursued it his later mastery
of language, of a singularly pure and impres-
sive style, attests.
Miss Tarbell endeavors to show that Lin-
coln's mother was “not the nameless girl
that she has been so generally believed,” and
that his father was in reality something more
than a shiftless “poor white.” Lincoln's biog-
raphers, eager to enhance the in any case re-
markable story of his rise from the log cabin
to the White House, have perhaps overdrawn
his humble parentage and early privations.
Later researches tend to show that some in-
justice has in this way been done to Thomas
Lincoln, and especially to Nancy Hanks, who
is now known to have come of good Massachu-
setts stock, her more immediate ancestors pass-
ing into Virginia (where the records show that
they owned nearly a thousand acres of land),
and thence into Kentucky, where they were
useful and thrifty members of the young com-
munity. On the death of her parents a home
was found for Nancy Hanks, then nine years
of age, with an uncle and aunt who had a farm
near Springfield, where a number of her Vir-
ginia relatives were living.
Dr. Graham, an entertaining Kentucky cen-
tenarian now living, describes the wedding of
Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks, and also
the “infare” that followed it — a Homeric
marriage feast to which everybody was bidden,
and of which Dr. Graham has, very naturally,
a distinct remembrance. The “infare” was giv-
en by the bride's guardian, John H. Parrott;
and, says Dr. Graham, “only girls with money
had guardians appointed by the court.” Mr.
Parrott's notions of an “infare” menu were
liberal :
“We had,” says Dr. Graham, “bearmeat; . . . ven-
ison; wild turkey and ducks; eggs, wild and tame, so
common that you could buy them at two bits a bushel ;
maple sugar, swung on a string, to bite off for coffee or
whiskey; syrup in big gourds; peach-and-honey; a
sheep that the two families barbecued whole over coals
of wood burned in a pit, and covered with green boughs
to keep the juice in; and a race for the whiskey bottle.”
The home to which Thomas Lincoln took his
bride was a log cabin; but at that date few
families in Kentucky had anything better.
That Lincoln's “credit was good,” in a finan-
cial sense, we have evidence, descendants of
two of the early store-keepers of Hardin county
still remembering charges against him in their
grandfathers' account-books. Tools and gro-
ceries were the chief purchases made, and on
one of the ledgers the amazing item of “a pair
of silk suspenders, worth one dollar and fifty
cents” was entered. In 1816 Lincoln was ap-
pointed a road surveyor, or supervisor; and on
the whole his position in Hardin county seems
to have been better than he is usually credited
with. In 1803 he moved to La Rue county; and
here his second child, Abraham Lincoln, was
born. The new home, into which the well-
starred little stranger came, was indeed the
rude dwelling of the western pioneer—a one-
roomed cabin with a huge outside chimney, a
single window, and a rough door; but the stock
descriptions of its comfortless squalor are over-
drawn. The Lincolns lived roughly, but they
lived happily, and as comfortably as most of
their neighbors.
In 1816 the Lincolns emigrated to Indiana;
and here their home seems to have been much
more primitive than it had been in Kentucky.
The country was a wilderness, and land had to be
cleared for the planting of the first crop. For a
year the family lived in a “half-face camp.”
“The cabin which took the place of the “half-face
camp’ had but one room, with a loft above. For a long
time there was no window, door, or floor; not even the
traditional deer-skin hung before the exit; there was
no oiled paper over the opening for light; there was no
puncheon covering on the ground. The furniture was
of their own manufacture. The table and chairs were
of the rudest sort—rough slabs of wood in which holes
were bored and legs fitted in. . . . Little Abraham's
bed was even more primitive. He slept on a heap of
dry leaves in the corner of the loft, to which he mount-
ed by means of pegs driven into the wall.”
Those early pioneering days in Indiana were
indeed, as Lincoln said, “pretty pinching
times,” darkened, too, by his first great sorrow;
for in 1818 Nancy Hanks Lincoln, “infare”
doings and rose-hued “infare” prospects far
enough behind her, laid down the burdens of
her rough life; and the boy saw his father nail
together a green pine box and put his dead
mother into it, and bury her not far from the
cabin, “almost without a prayer.”
In the year following Thomas Lincoln went
back to Kentucky, and presently returned with
a new wife — Sally Bush Johnston, a woman
of energy, thrift, and gentleness, who took the
motherless boy at once under her wing, and


194 THE DIAL
[March 16,
did her best to foster the gifts she saw were in
him.
“The new mother came well provided with household
furniture, bringing many things unfamiliar to little
Abraham—“one fine bureau, one table, one set of chairs,
one large clothes-chest, cooking utensils, knives, forks,
bedding, etc.” . . . In his habits of reading and study
the boy had little encouragement from his father, but
his stepmother did all she could for him. Indeed, be-
tween the two there soon grew up a relation of touching
gentleness and confidence.”
The books that we know Lincoln read at
this period were, the Bible, Pilgrim's Progress,
AEsop's Fables, a History of the United States,
Weems's Life of Washington, and, later, the
Statutes of Indiana. Blackstone, too, came
later, as did Burns and Shakespeare. There
is a story that he read Plutarch; but this he
denied. Besides these works there were many
others whose titles we do not know; for Lin-
coln used to say that he “read through every
book he had ever heard of in that country for
a circuit of fifty miles.” As he read, he made
extracts, sometimes on a smooth board in lieu
of paper, with his turkey-buzzard quill and
brier-root ink.
“By night he read and worked as long as there was
light, and he kept a book in the crack of the logs in
his loft, to have it at hand at peep of day. . . . Every
lull in his daily labor he used for reading, rarely going
to his work without a book. When ploughing the
fields of Spencer county, he found frequently a half
hour for reading, for at the end of every long row the
horse was allowed to rest, and Lincoln had his book
out and was perched on a stump or fence, almost as
soon as the horse had come to rest.”
Thus Abraham Lincoln began,-through
sheer force and probity of character, and over
a path perhaps as rough as ever climbed by
man, to work his way upward. But to say
that he was a “self-made man,” a man that
“owed everything to himself,” is to tell only
half the truth; for he was most richly en-
dowed by Nature. Her gifts to him were lav-
ish; and he made the most of them. Much
has been said, too, and with a certain truth,
of Lincoln’s “great simplicity of character";
but it must not be forgotten, on the other
hand, that his homely ways and quaint ex-
terior were mated with a political ambition
and a political shrewdness almost unmatched
in our history. But as man, as advocate, and
as politician, he was, first, last, and always,
“honest Abe.” His right to that fine title can
never be questioned. Of all American states-
men his life best deserves to be read and laid
to heart by American youth. It forms a story
in which mirth and pathos are strangely
mingled — a story full of interest and golden
lessons, and saturated with the distinctive
spirit and character of our national life. Miss
Tarbell has told it, on the whole, satisfactorily.
Her book contains something that is new, and
the essentials of the old. It aims to be biog-
raphy rather than history—to set before the
reader as clearly as possibly the real Lincoln.
The style is plain, and savors of journalism, as
the origin of the work would lead one to ex-
pect; but it is clear and pithy. Evidences of
hurried proof-reading there are, for example
a curious omission at the foot of page 20,
Vol. I. The volumes are well made and ac-
ceptably illustrated; but why, in the name of
common sense and rational book-making, was
that essential feature, an Index, omitted?
E. G. J.
THE ENGLISH RADICALS.*
No more readable historical monograph has
appeared of late than Mr. Roylance Kent's
“The English Radicals.” The author is aston-
ishingly fertile in his characterization of the
radical political leaders of varying periods,
calling attention to and emphasizing differences
not heretofore noted in their activities. This,
with a keen analysis of radical platforms and
principles, all excellently stated, makes the
book exceedingly interesting, while the impres-
sion of scholarship and research is maintained
throughout.
Mr. Kent traces the radical movement from
its inception in 1761 to the present time. Un-
usual fairness distinguishes the accounts of
the earlier radicals, even when they were, like
Wilkes, really inspired by sordid motives
and given to disreputable political manoeuvres.
Though individuals may have been sordid, the
radical party as a whole, according to Mr.
Kent, possessed great intellectual ability and
an honest fervor for democratic government,
though somewhat lacking in political common
sense and in practicality, and in these days of
historical adulation for the men of action in
details of government, it is refreshing to find
an author who is not afraid to emphasize and
eulogize the influence of great ideas, and of the
men who consistently labored in their propaga-
tion.
The early radical was essentially an agitator
and as such naturally devoted more attention
to the benefits of an ideally perfect system than
*THE ENGLISH RADICALs. An Historical Sketch. By
C. B. Roylance Kent. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co.


1900.] THE
DIAL 195
to its practical workings. Yet the effort of the
agitator in arousing the nation to a sense of
danger is quite as essential as that of his more
fortunate successor, the practical politician,
who suffers none of the hardships and social
disbarments of his forerunner, and commonly
receives all the applause. Mr. Kent gives full
credit to the men of ideas, for their honesty of
purpose, their enthusiasm, and their sincere
belief in the healing virtues of their plans.
If the author is anywhere harsh it is in the
comparison made, in the final chapter, between
the purpose and attitude of the early radicals
and the radicals of to-day. The early radical
was a believer in the theory of “delegated "
government, the modern rejects the theory
though acting in indirect subservience to it;
Cobden and Bright deified individualism in
government and in commerce, while the mod-
ern radical is an adherent of socialistic pro-
grammes in both. James Mill expressed the
radical doctrine of his time very well when he
observed that “the desire so often expressed
that we should interfere to establish good gov-
ernment all over the world is most alarming,
and, if asserted to any degree, would lead to
the worst of consequences. . . . The business
of a nation is with its own affairs.” The rad-
icals of -to-day, like their conservative oppo-
nents, seem fully agreed that this an “outworn
and unfashionable creed and that the white
man has a burden which it is his duty to take
up.” But it is especially in the spirit of the
old and new that the difference is most strik-
ing. Of this Mr. Kent says:
“It is rather in their traits, their character, their
temperament and disposition that the new radicals con-
trast so strongly with the old. The latter had at least
some well-defined ideas. . . . They knew exactly what
they wanted, and, knowing it, they pursued it with un-
conquerable zeal. . . . They were no light half believ-
ers of their casual creeds; the principles they held, they
grasped with hooks of steel. They were men who sig-
nified somewhat, as Cromwell would have said. If they
held unpopular opinions they had the courage to avow
them; . . . such firmness of conviction, such disinter-
ested zeal, such limitless philanthropy, and such optim-
ism, are at present far to seek. . . . Upon what princi-
ple the new radicalism is now based, or what unity
underlies the various items of its programme, it is dif-
ficult to see. . . . Never before have the Radicals pre-
sented so disorganized, so undisciplined a body.”
Whatever may be the opinion of the reader
as to the justice of the author's conclusion, the
book everywhere attracts and hold the interest.
It has a good Index and abounds with foot-
note references to authoritative sources.
E. D. ADAMs.
MORE LETTERS OF THE MASTER OF
BALLIOL.*
The “Life and Letters of Benjamin Jowett,”
by Evelyn Abbott and Lewis Campbell, pub-
lished in 1897, was widely welcomed by schol-
ars and all thoughtful people who had come
under the peculiar spell of the Master of
Balliol. It was inevitable that a man who
had lived at one of the centres of English
thought and scholarship for the greater part
of the nineteenth century, who had been on
terms of intimate friendship with many of the
leading men of his time, and who had pre-
served an attitude of serene and fearless
independence under some pretty sharp tests
of this quality, should have left a fascinating
accumulation of correspondence. And though
Jowett, shortly before his death, burned all
or nearly all of the letters he had received,
the more precious half — his own letters—
was found to be largely at the disposal of the
editors.
None knew better than Dr. Abbott and Dr.
Campbell that they had not exhausted their
treasure; and they have now given us the
present volume, containing, to quote the Pre-
face,—
“A number of letters, partly on special subjects, and
partly of more general interest, which could not be in-
cluded in the previous volumes, and yet seemed to be
worth preserving; and also some documents of a more
public nature, which throw light on important features
of Jowett's career.”
The letters are divided topically under five
heads, as follows:–I., Church Reform and the
Abolition of Religious Tests; II., Educational;
III., European Politics; IV., Letters on India;
W., Miscellaneous. The arrangement under
each head is of course chronological; and a
sixth division contains many of the Master's
dated and undated notes and sayings which
“live in the memory of his friends.”
The mere titles of these divisions forcibly
suggest the varied intellectual powers of the
man and the extraordinary range of his sym-
pathies. In the battle for the abolition of
religious tests at the universities, the smoke
of which has now blown away, Jowett took an
advanced and decided stand, which is too well
known to need description here. When he was
examined, in 1871, before a committee of
* LETTERs of BENJAMIN Jowett, M.A., Master of Balliol
College, Oxford. Arranged and edited by Evelyn Abbott,
M.A., LL.D., and Lewis Campbell, M.A., LL.D. New York:
E. P. Dutton & Co.


196 THE DIAL
[March 16,
the House of Lords, he comprehensively said:
“I should not bind a person by the obligation of a
test. I should like to put before the Committee this
consideration. Supposing you had one class of profes-
sors bound by tests; for instance, supposing the Church
of England Divinity professors were bound by tests,
and other Divinity professors were not bound by tests,
which do you suppose would have the greater authority
and weight — the persons who were free to speak what
they thought, or the persons who were obliged to speak
within a certain limit 7”
In a précis which he drew up in 1874 for
Lord Sherbrooke, he sums up the Non-con-
formist situation with pungent equity:
“The relation of the Church to the Dissenters, and
of the Dissenters to the Church, is the greatest and
worst schism in the Christian world. They divide the
nation: these divisions affect all our politics, education,
Church reform, etc. This division affects society, upper
and middle classes, gentlemen and tradesmen — ‘See
how these Christians’ look down upon one another or
hate one another. The sense of injustice has passed
into the blood and bone of one half of the people of
England. They were driven out in 1661, and have
never been restored.”
Jowett kept a watchful eye on European
politics; and his views are freely expressed in
his letters to Sir R. B. D. Morier, attaché at
Berlin, and subsequently Ambassador to Rus-
sia. From his position near the Prussian
court Morier naturally reflected — at any rate
he quite understood — the distrust which Prus-
sia then (1861) felt toward Louis Napoleon;
and it is interesting and even amusing to note
Jowett's attempts to convert his friend to his
own strange admiration for “the man of des-
tiny” and his “missions.” In 1861 he writes
to Morier:
“How I should like to have a good talk about for-
eign politics with you ! You know I was always a
Napoleonist, as far as is consistent with being an
Englishman. The way I come to it is this; the map
of Europe is badly settled at present in accordance
with traditions of Vienna, rights of petty German
princes, etc. In the next twenty years it must be re-
settled, and the only person who can lend a guiding
hand in the resettlement is N. I have been very much
struck with his Idées, which I read lately, and also
with what one of the librarians of the British Museum
told me, that for years he used to read there daily. He
is not scrupulous, and perhaps his Court may be a mass
of immorality and his Ministers dishonest jobbers, but
he is the only man who sees the end many moves on,
and understands not only France, but Europe and the
times. . . . He will not fall into the error of his uncle
of doing things too rapidly. And he has the best plan
of all — to have no plan.”
In July, 1870, the rush of events drew from
Jowett this plaint, with “something of pro-
phetic strain”:
“The Emperor seems to have lost his head. I fear
that this will be the end of his dynasty and the
ruin of France. And I don't want to see him ruined,
for he has been the best friend of England, and
though on the whole my sympathies go with the
Protestant power, yet we have need of both France and
Prussia in Europe. These wars tend to make other
wars, for although France may be too much weakened
to continue, she will fight again as soon as she recovers
her strength. The hatred of France to England from
1815 to 1855 will be as nothing compared with her
abiding hatred of Prussia.”
The letters on India are largely concerned
with the educational requirements for the Civil
Service. They are addressed to Lord Lans-
downe (Viceroy from 1888 to 1893), Lord
Salisbury, Sir M. E. Grant Duff (the governor
of Madras) and others; and deserve a more
attentive reading than they will probably get
in America: for they are marked by Jowett's
best qualities — perspicacity of statement,
sound reasoning, and an ardent desire for the
improvement of the service.
The personal traits which made the Master
of Balliol so beloved of his friends shine with
special brightness in the miscellaneous letters
to Tennyson, Stanley, Frances Power Cobbe,
Professor Abbott, Professor Campbell, and
others. From one of these it may be well to
quote his opinion of Matthew Arnold :
“No one ever united so much kindness and light-
heartedness with so much strength. He was the most
sensible man of genius whom I have ever known and the
most free from personality, and his mind was very far
from being exhausted.”
The collection of aphoristic sayings with
which the volume concludes is a mine from
which various minds will dig out their own
treasures; here are a few we have taken at ran-
dom:
(Memory). —“A man should make a compact with
his memory, not to remember everything. Great
memories, like that of Sir William Hamilton, are apt
to disable judgment.”
(Rank). — “I do not doubt that one day such dis-
tinctions will vanish. While they remain, I wonder at
any one not taking advantage of them.”
(Youth and Age). —“I hope our young men will
not grow into such dodgers as these old men are. I
believe everything a young man says to me.”
(Christian Evidences). —“The man who asks for
demonstration must be either very ignorant or an utter
sceptic.”
(The Limit of Scepticism). — There must come a
reaction towards religion again; the void will be too
great.”
The book is, as intended, a welcome and
almost necessary supplement to the “Life
and Letters”; and those who have the one
will want the other.
Josiah RENICK SMITH.


1900.] THE
DIAL 197
THE HUDSON’s BAY COMPANY.”
How engaging a subject he has found for
his pen in his “The Great Company,” Mr.
Beckles Willson shows in the very paragraph,
the last of his first chapter, in which he defines
the aim and purpose of his book.
“To narrate the causes which first led to the forma-
tion of this Company, the contemporary interest it ex-
cited, the thrilling adventures of its early servants, of
the wars it waged with the French, and drove so
valiantly to a victorious end; its vicissitudes and grad-
ual growth; the fierce and bloody rivalries it combated
and eventually overbore; its notable expeditions of
research by land and sea; the character of the vast
country it ruled and the Indians inhabiting it; and last
but not least, the stirring and romantic experiences con-
tained in the letters and journals of the Great Com-
pany's factors and traders for a period of above two
centuries, such will be the aim and purpose of this
work.”
It is to be regretted that Mr. Willson has
not done better justice to the importance and
interest of a subject that he so well under-
stands. He shows commendable diligence
and application in the accumulation and pre-
sentation of material that is at once interest-
ing and valuable, but he does not show literary
art, or even a good book-maker's skill. He
does not handle his matter to good advan-
tage. Sometimes he seems to miss the con-
nection of events, and his narrative becomes
confused and vexing to the reader. Some-
times long quotations are introduced where a
sentence or two of summary would answer a
better purpose. Sometimes he goes into too
much detail, and then again not into enough.
Sometimes the sources of the narrative are
given, and sometimes they are not. We do
not blame him for not being a Parkman; we
do not say that his narrative is always heavy
and slow; but it does seem a pity that he
should not have made a more effective use of the
picturesque and romantic elements of his story.
As to grammar and style, it would be easy to
select from the 541 octavo pages enough bad
examples to stock a couple of common school
text-books, although we must admit that they
would fall considerably short of the required
variety.
We cannot attempt to epitomize the long
story that Mr. Willson tells, beginning with the
schemes of the promoters — those undaunted
*THE GREAT ComPANY. Being a history of the honourable
company of merchant-adventurers trading into Hudson's Bay.
By Beckles Willson. With an Introduction by Lord Strath-
cona and Mount Royal, present governor of the Hudson's
Bay Company, and Original Drawings by Arthur Heming.
New York: Dodd, Mead & Co.
adventurers Groselliers and Radisson, grace-
less scamps, who were equally ready to ply
their trade under the French and the English
flags, – and closing with the Great Com-
pany's far more extensive but prosaic busi-
ness of the present time. How much chro-
nological territory is included is seen when we
recall that the story fills the period from Prince
Rupert, the dashing cavalry officer of the
royal army in the civil war, who was the first
President of the Company, to his present
successor, Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal,
who is engaged just at present in fitting out
in Canada a command of four hundred mounted
men to fight the Boers in South Africa, all to
be paid out of his share of the profits that the
Company has made.
Or, again, the scene opens with a single
feeble trading post clinging to the shore of the
great inland sea, then little known, which
gives the Company its name; it closes with the
great and powerful organization that counts
its well-established and well-furnished posts by
scores, spread over the vast regions of the
North, to which the picturesque name The
Great Fur Land was once applied. Within
the field of the Company's operations in the
North there has been a great change since the
latter part of the seventeenth century, but how
small it is compared with the corresponding
change in the outer world!
We shall quote three or four passages that
will show the quality of the book at its best.
Our first selections reveal the awful waste at-
tending the maintenance of savage life in the
far North.
“The Indians were ruthless slaughterers of animals
at the earliest period at which they were known to the
servants of the Company. Whether they happened to
be under the pinch of necessity or enjoying themselves
in all the happiness of wealth and plenty, it was their
custom to slay all they could. They boasted a maxim
that “the more they killed, the more they had to kill.”
Such an opinion, although opposed to reason and to
common sense, was clung to with great pertinacity by
them. The results of this indiscrimate slaughter were
obvious; and to such a pitch of destitution were the
tribes often brought that cannibalism was not infrequent
amongst them.”
“Throughout their progress [down the streams to
the factories] the Indians were obliged to go ashore for
several hours daily, which caused great delay in their
progress. Their canoes were small, holding only two
men and a pack of one hundred beaver skins, with not
much room for provisions. Had their canoes been
larger, their voyages would undoubtedly have been less
protracted, and they would have been able to transport
a greater cargo. Often great numbers of skins were
left behind.”
“A good hunter of these nations could kill six hun-


198
[March 16,
THE DIAL
dred beavers in the course of a season; he could carry
down to the factory rarely more than one hundred, using
the remainder at home in various ways. Sometimes he
hung them upon branches of trees by way of votive
offering upon the death of a child or near relation;
often they were utilized as bedding and bed coverings;
occasionally the fur was burnt off, and the beast roasted
whole for food at banquets.”
What the poor savages got for the furs that
they brought down to the shore in those times,
this paragraph shows:
“It was reported that in the year 1742 the natives
were so discouraged in their trade with the Company
that many found the peltry hardly worth the carriage,
and the finest furs sold for very little. When the tribes
came to the factory in June they found the goods much
higher in price, and much in excess of the standard they
were accustomed to. According to Joseph la France,
a French-Canadian voyageur, they gave but a pound
of gunpowder for four beavers, a fathom of tobacco for
seven beavers, a pound of shot for one, an ell of coarse
cloth for fifteen, a blanket for twelve, two fish-hooks or
three flints for one, a gun for twenty-five, a pistol for
ten; a common hat with white lace cost seven beavers,
an ax four, a bill-hook one, a gallon of brandy four, a
checkered shirt seven, all of which sold at a monstrous
profit, even to two thousand per cent.”
First and last it is slight exaggeration to say
that the fur trade in America, while conducted
on a far smaller scale than the quest for gold,
was marked by a selfishness and cruelty equally
great.
Here is our author's description of the mot-
ley throng of humanity that the motives which
carried on the fur trade in the palmy days of
the Northwest Company brought together in
the season on the farther shore of Lake Supe-
rior, around the walls of Fort William.
“But if the scene within was noisy and animated,
that without beggared description. Hundreds of voy-
ageurs, soldiers, Indians, and half-breeds were encamped
together in the open, holding high revel. They hailed
from all over the globe, England, Ireland, Scotland,
France, Germany, Italy, Denmark, Sweden, Holland,
Switzerland, America, the African Gold Coast, the
Sandwich Islands, Bengal, Canada, with Creoles, vari-
ous tribes of Indians, and a mixed progeny of Bois
Brulés or half-breeds. ‘Here,' cries one trader, “were
congregated on the shores of the inland sea, within the
walls of Fort William, Episcopalians, Presbyterians,
Methodists, Sun-worshippers, men from all parts of the
world whose creeds were wide as poles asunder, united
in one common object, and bowing down before the
same idol.’”
Among the interesting portions of the book
are the accounts of the exploring expeditions
conducted by Hearne and Mackenzie to the
Arctic and to the Pacific oceans, and the Lord
Selkirk episode. Mr. Willson's account of
Mackenzie's expedition from Fort Chippewan
to the Pacific in 1792–93 well illustrates that
lack of definiteness which is one of the most
serious blemishes of his book. He does not tell
us where Mackenzie crossed the Rocky Moun-
tains, or, having done so, by what route he
made his way to the ocean. This is his account
of the close of the expedition:
“The navigation of the river, although interrupted
by rapids and cascades, was continued until the 23d,
when the party reached its mouth. Here the river was
found to discharge itself by various smaller channels
into the Pacific.
“The memorable journey was now finished, and its
purpose completed. In large characters, upon the sur-
face of a rock under whose shelter the party had slept,
their leader painted this simple memorial —
“‘Alexander Mackenzie, from Canada by land the 22d of
July, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three.’”
We are left wholly in the dark as to the
name of this river and as to the spot where
the intrepid explorer painted his vermillion-
colored memorial. Such indefiniteness as this
in a work of this description is inexcusable.
Still the author is entitled to the praise of
having brought together in an accessible and
readable form a vast amount of important in-
formation relative to a great subject.
B. A. HINSDALE.
SOME CURRENT FALLACIES OF
CAPTAIN MAHAN.”
The proverbial failure of the sailor as an
equestrian seems nowhere more lamentably ap-
parent than in Captain Alfred T. Mahan's
present pose as “the man on horseback.”
Colonel Thomas Wentworth Higginson has
had recent occasion to characterize his views
as “the naval board of prize-money theory,”
and the recent collection of his papers in the
volume called “Lessons of the War with Spain,
and Other Articles” fails to show any higher
notion of right than is held in the word might.
Within the limits of his profession, which is
the art of killing his fellows, Captain Mahan
speaks with a certain authority; upon matters
of more general interest, he is performing at
the present time an even more useful function
as the outspoken advocate of —
“The good old rule, the simple plan:
That those should take who have the power,
And those should keep who can.”
Of “The Lessons of the War with Spain,”
accordingly, there is little to be said so far as
the naval aspect of the case is concerned;
though such statements as this, “If we lost
*LEssons of THE WAR witH SPAIN, and Other Articles.
By Captain Alfred T. Mahan, D.C.L. Boston: Little,
Brown, & Co.


1900.] THE
DIAL 199
ten thousand men, the country could replace
them; if we lost a battleship, it could not be
replaced,” ought to serve in illustrating the
difference in morals between times of war and
times of peace.
. But when we come to “The Moral Aspect
of War,” the second paper of the book, we
find ourselves in the midst of an argument
against peace so far as peace is bound up in
the idea of arbitration, which shows that the
writer is unable to think in any terms but
those of war. He illustrates the injustice of
arbitration, for example, by the admission, on
disinterested authority, that the United States
had no doctrine of international law behind its
intervention in Cuba, and that a board of ar-
bitration would have denied its right so to inter-
vene. This is the preliminary statement he
makes concerning the status ante bellum :
“In the island of Cuba, a powerful military force,
— government it scarcely could be called,—foreign to
the island, was holding a small portion of it in enforced
subjection, and was endeavoring, unsuccessfully, to re-
duce the remainder. In pursuance of this attempt,
measures were adopted that inflicted immense misery
and death upon great numbers of the population. Such
suffering is indeed attendant upon war; but it may be
stated as a fundamental principle of civilized war-
fare that useless suffering is condemned.”
Captain Mahan proceeds to ask, “Under
such circumstances, does any moral obligation
lie upon a powerful neighboring state?” It
is useless, perhaps, to point out that he begs
the entire question when he introduces the
word “powerful.” For “Cuba" in the quo-
tation substitute “Luzon,” and ask, what is
Japan's duty in the premises? Evidently, if
there is a principle behind Captain Mahan's
doctrine, it is a mere question of Japan's
ability to take Luzon away from us; and on
such principle as he here discloses, if Japan
can, she ought. But regard this in the ser-
ious light of being an argument against arbi-
tration: that, rather than arbitrate, being
powerful enough, we are to stop the slaughter
of Cubans in order to place our citizens in a
position where the lives of ten thousand of
them are of less value than a battleship; our
army in the position of performing much such
a service for the Filipinos as Spain had pre-
viously been performing, and finally, to fly in
the face of all international law, which has
expressly reserved to nations the right to mind
their own business in their own way. And
all, as Captain Mahan points out, undisguis-
edly, in the ultimate analysis for no better
reason than because we had the power. What
becomes of moral force in the face of the
Captain's thirteen-inch guns?
From this he passes to “The Relations of the
United States to their New Dependencies.”
Here we are to learn from England how to
rule. Learn what from England? For one
thing, “administration from without" in trop-
ical regions. What have we learned from
England in respect of the North American
Indian 2 “Since she lost what is now the
United States, Great Britain has become be-
nevolent and beneficent to her colonies,” Cap-
tain Mahan says in one place, and in another,
“The task is novel to us; we may make blund-
ers.” What, then are we to “lose ’’ in order
to become as benevolent and beneficent as, for
example, England has been in South Africa or
the Soudan 2 We are not told; but we may
discover why it is that we should govern from
without in the British manner, and the
answer is worth recording, for Captain Mahan
forgets the appeal to the national conscience
and the God he has been invoking and says,
baldly:
“It is our interest. . . . Enlightened self-interest
demands of us to recognize not merely, and in general,
the imminence of the great question of the farther
East, which is rising so rapidly before us, but also,
specifically, the importance to us of a strong and bene-
ficent occupation of adjacent territory.”
What do we gain? The answer is ready:
“The inhabitants may not return love for their bene-
fits, comprehension or gratitude may fail them; but
the sense of duty achieved, and the security of the ten-
ure, are the reward of the ruler.”
And what do we lose?
Every principle dear to us: liberty, equality,
taxation with representation, the consent of the
governed, democracy, and the Constitution
itself
The book concludes with a paper upon
“Current Fallacies upon Naval Subjects.”
Those whose memory goes back a few years
will remember that it is upon Captain Mahan
more than any other single person that the
nation relied in its annexation of Hawaii. In
1893 he began calling our attention to the
fact that we must decide “Whether the Sand-
wich Islands . . . shall in the future be an
outpost of European civilization, or of the
comparative barbarism in China,” the Flowery
Kingdom being about to send forth another
Mongol horde armed with weapons of precis-
ion and battleships galore for the purposes of
his argument. Later we were informed of
“The importance of the Hawaiian Islands as a position
powerfully influencing the commercial and military


200 THE DIAL
[March 16,
control of the Pacific, and especially of the northern
Pacific, in which the United States, geographically,
has the strongest right to assert herself.”
And to this was added the following significant
Sentence:
“These are the main advantages, which can be termed
positive: those, namely, which directly advance commer-
cial security and naval control.”
With still later and stronger statements to the
same end the naval historian buttressed his
position, and to secure the naval control of the
Pacific Hawaii was annexed,— and our legis-
lators are now devising some limitation of the
franchise which shall not throw the islands
into the hands of the Kanakas, or rightful
owners thereof. But almost to our dismay, in
this last paper, Americans are told that this
was a current fallacy upon naval subjects in
the following unmistakable language (p. 801):
“We now come to the assertion that if the United
States takes to itself interests beyond the sea—of
which Hawaii is an instance,—it not only adds to its
liabilities, which is true, but incurs an unnecessary
exposure, to guard against which we need no less than
the greatest navy in the world.”
Since Admiral Mahan will not permit it,
let us not forget, as is said above, that his pro-
fession is the art of killing his fellows, and
that he is far too eager professionally to dis-
cern any of the possibilities of peace.
WALLACE RICE.
STATISTICS AND CENSUS-TAKING."
Professor Mayo-Smith’s “Science of Sta-
tistics,” of which the volume entitled “Statis-
tics and Sociology” appeared some four years
ago, has now been completed by the publication
of a second volume on “Statistics and Eco-
nomics.” The plan of this volume, though
similar to that of the earlier one, is otherwise
unique; and it suggests a doubt whether there
is after all a distinct science of statistics, or
whether the so-called science is not simply a
method of studying economics or sociology or
some other division of knowledge.
After an introductory chapter on “Statis-
tics in the Service of Economics,” various eco-
nomic questions are treated under headings
*STATISTICS AND EconoMICs. By Richmond Mayo-Smith,
Ph.D. (Science of Statistics, Part II). New York: Pub-
lished for the Columbia University Press by The Macmillan
Company.
THE FEDERAL CENsus. Critical Essays by members of
the American Economic Association, collected and edited by
a special committee. New York: Published for the Amer-
ican Economic Association by The Macmillan Company.
which would serve equally well for a theoretical
treatise in economics—“Consumption and
Production,” “Exchange,” and “Distribu-
tion” for the main divisions, and such titles as
“Money and Credit,” “Wages,” “Rent, In-
terest, and Profits,” for the chapter-headings.
Each chapter begins with a brief statement
of the economic theory of the topic to be con-
sidered, and of the usefulness of the statis-
tical method in that particular field; then fol-
lows an exhibition and critical examination of
the more important statistical data pertinent
thereto, with a bibliographical note telling
where additional figures may be found. The
methods of gathering and using the statistics
of the subject are next subjected to certain
“scientific tests” for the purpose of determin-
ing which are the best methods; and finally,
there is a “reflective analysis” in which gen-
eral conclusions are stated. This method of
treatment makes the book valuable for several
distinct purposes: it is a systematic treatise in
descriptive economics, so far as the subject is
capable of numerical treatment; it deals in a
judicious and scientific manner with statistical
methods; and the convenient arrangement and
full index make it useful as a book of refer-
ence, in which the leading facts on almost any
economic topic may be found, not only for the
United States, but also for some at least of
the European countries.
It will be helpful to many students to find
how many economic problems there are to the
solution of which the statistical method may
be made to contribute. Among these there is
none of more general interest than the problem
of the distribution of wealth, which is, how-
ever, one of the most difficult for the statisti-
cian. In the study of this problem, use may
be made of statistics of wages, rent, interest,
and profits, and also of tax returns and other
data indicating the distribution of incomes or
of property. In all these ways Professor
Mayo-Smith tests the assertion that the rich
are growing richer and the poor poorer, and
finds that the latter part of the statement at
least seems to be unwarranted by the figures,
which agree in showing that wages have been
advancing during the past thirty to fifty years,
while the cost of subsistence has been declin-
ing; but he adds the caution that certain other
things must be taken into consideration, such
as regularity of employment, duration and in-
tensity of labor, the conditions under which
it is carried on, and the method of payment.
The available data on the distribution of in-
}


1900.]
201
THE DIAL
comes and property are even less conclusive;
the author decides that they fail to show any
marked concentration of income in the hands
of a few, though there is undoubtedly very great
inequality, now as in the past. But he argues
that the concentration of wealth, either by the
growth of private fortunes or by combination,
is not altogether an evil, but on the contrary
is absolutely necessary for the purpose of pro-
duction on a large scale. The division of a
large income among a number of persons
would probably result in greater present enjoy-
ment, but at the expense of future production,
because less would be saved.
“The institution of millionaires in the modern com-
munity works somewhat like the institution of slavery
in former times. It is a method by which all members
of the community are, to a certain extent, compelled to
save and economize and lay up capital.”
Finally, it is pointed out that remedies for too
great concentration of power lie at hand in
the formation of trades unions, benefit and
coöperative societies, and other forms of asso-
ciation which enable the laboring class to assert
its power; in factory, educational, and sanitary
laws; in the exercise of political power by
the many; and in the furtherance of public
opinion and Christian sympathy.
The American Economic Association, at its
meeting at Cleveland in 1897, authorized the
appointment of a committee on the national
census. The members appointed on this com-
mittee were Professor Mayo-Smith, Professor
Walter F. Willcox, Hon. Carroll D. Wright,
Professor Roland P. Falkner, and Professor
Davis R. Dewey. The committee called upon
all the members of the Association for sugges-
tions, and also invited a number of experts to
prepare critical articles on particular parts of
the Eleventh Census, for the purpose of sug-
gesting possible improvements in the Twelfth.
These papers have been collected and printed
as one of the publications of the Association.
They are twenty in number, not counting two
letters which are printed at length among the
briefer suggestions received from members.
Various phases of population statistics are
treated by Professor Willcox, Professor W.
Z. Ripley, Professor Franz Boas, and Mr.
George K. Holmes; illiteracy and educational
statistics, by Professor Dewey; occupations,
by Professor Mayo-Smith; mortality statistics,
by Mr. Cressy L. Wilbur and Professor Irving
Fisher; crime, by Professor Falkner; pauper-
ism and benevolence, by Professor Samuel M.
Lindsay: agriculture, by Mr. N. I. Stone;
farm and home proprietorship and mortgage
indebtedness, by Professor David Kinley; trans-
portation, by Professor Emory R. Johnson
and Dr. Walter E. Weyl; manufactures, by
Mr. S. N. D. North, Mr. William M. Steuart,
and Mr. Worthington C. Ford; wage statistics,
by Professor Charles J. Bullock; valuation and
taxation, by Professor Carl C. Plehn; muni-
cipal finance, by Professor Henry B. Gardner;
while a general article on the scope and method
of the census is contributed by Mr. William C.
Hunt. The various papers are of very unequal
merit, as is apt to be the case in a compilation
of this kind; but it is hardly necessary to say,
after naming the contributors, that the volume
contains much that is of value, not only to the
Census Office, but to statistical workers every-
where. The university professors may not in
all cases fully recognize the practical difficul-
ties confronting the census-taker, but they are
able to point out defects from the standpoint
of the consumers of statistics, and to suggest
remedies. While their attitude toward the
Eleventh Census is decidedly critical for the
most part, they are not slow to recognize a
particularly good piece of work, such as the
inquiry concerning farms, homes, and mort.
gages. In the report of the committee the
opinion is expressed that the main defects of
the census have been due to lack of sufficient
time for preparation; and the establishment of
a permanent census bureau under civil service
rules is proposed as the remedy.
It should be a happy augury for the success
of the Twelfth Census that several of the ex-
perts who contributed to this critical volume
are now connected with the Census Office in
important capacities, so that they are in a posi-
tion to prevent the repetition of the mistakes
which have come to their notice. The inten-
tion seems to be to have the work of the next
census criticized before the results are pub-
lished, and so far as possible even before the
census is taken. For this purpose Professor
Willcox has been put in charge of a Division
of Methods and Results, and has gathered
about him half a dozen student-clerks—young
men who have had university training in the
use of statistics, and who are enabled to devote
all their time to the careful study of statistical
problems. In several of the government de-
partments there is observable a similar tendency
to put the statistical work more and more into
the hands either of university men or of others
who combine the scientific attitude and breadth
of view with practical experience in statistical


202
[March 16,
THE DIAL
offices. If an improvement in the character
of official statistics should follow, the credit
will be due partly to the work of the Civil
Service Commission, partly to the appointment
of student-clerks, and partly to the publication
of such works as the two which have just been
reviewed. MAx WEST.
THE RACES OF EUROPE.”
Dr. Ripley has done a great service, both to
general readers and anthropologists, in prepar-
ing his work, “The Races of Europe.” No-
where are there more difficult ethnological
questions than in Europe: nowhere is it more
desirable to have clear ideas than in that field.
True, much has been written regarding the
physical anthropology of the Continent; the
mass of literature on the subject is really appal-
ling. But what has been written has been from
the local standpoint. The race types of a state
or governmental district have, in many cases,
been worked out with wonderful care and pa-
tience. But their relation to the types of other
districts, the race types of the continent as a
whole, these were questions which were but
'badly, if at all, answered. It was to present a
general view, to combine and correlate the
local data so as to arrive at grander results,
that our author has labored.
Race is but one of the elements which has
made European populations what they are to-
day. Dr. Ripley states this plainly. Still the
title of his book itself warrants our confining
our review to that single element. “A type is
a combination of characters.” A race type
should be a definite combination of characters,
frequently recurring and persistent in time.
To define types, characters must first be studied.
Dr. Ripley bases his European race types upon
three characters—head form, color, stature.
Heads are long and narrow or short and broad
—dolichocephalic or brachycephalic. Persons
are blond or brunette—light or dark in com-
plexion, hair color, and eye color. They are
tall or short. Having studied the range of va-
riation within each of these three characters
and investigated their distribution, our author
works out three race types to which he gives
the names Teutonic, Alpine, and Mediterra-
nean. The Teutonic is dolichocephalic, blond,
*THE RACEs of EUROPE. By William Z. Ripley. With
supplementary volume — A Selected Bibliography of the An-
thropology and Ethnology of Europe. New York: D. Appleton
& Co.
and tall; the Alpine is brachycephalic, bru-
nette, and medium; the Mediterranean is do-
lichocephalic, dark, and short. In a general
way the three types are geographically located,
from North to. South in the order named.
Careful study of the populations of every part
of Europe shows that any one of these types
rarely exists alone. Usually two, sometimes
all three, are found together—sometimes sep-
arate and approximately pure, but generally
more or less mixed. Parts of Scandinavia are
almost purely Teutonic; most of Italy is Med-
iterranean. In France all three of the types
assist in making up the population.
We cannot follow Professor Ripley's inter-
esting discussion in detail. He investigates a
variety of important historical, political, and
sociological questions. Even from this brief
review, it will be seen that his book is of great
importance. It will greatly advance study.
A pioneer work (from the present standpoint
of science), it can hardly reach final conclu-
sions on all points. To indicate the possible
divergence from its conclusions, we may men-
tion the work of Deniker, of Paris. This deals
with the same subject and practically by the
same method. Yet Deniker defines ten — and
not three — European types. Later students
will probably come to an agreement upon some
intermediate number.
Ripley considers his Mediterranean Race
of African origin. He suggests that the Teu-
tonic Race may have developed from it under
the influence of a peculiar environment. The
Alpine, he appears to think, is an Asiatic im-
migrant which has wedged in between the
other two. Whatever their origin, three such
different physical types must differ in mental
and moral characters. Each must affect, with
its own peculiar color, the communities of which
it forms a part or to which it has contributed
by mixture.
While, of necessity, Dr. Ripley's book is a
compilation and claims to be no more, it is
a compilation into which personality has so en-
tered as to make it new matter. The author
is especially to be praised for three important
helps, which multiply many times the value of
the simple text. These are the maps, the por-
traits, and the bibliography. A series of inter-
esting and instructive maps of Europe and the
different countries of Europe show the geo-
graphical distribution of race characters and
race types. A collection of more than two
hundred portraits present (a) typical charac-
ters, (b) race types, (c) the types: of each


1900.] THE
DIAL 203.
country. A notable “selected bibliography.”
of about two thousand titles directs the student
to a vast, little known, and widely scattered
literature.
In remembering the excellence of his gen-
eral idea, his diligence in carrying it into exe-
cution, his ingenuity in devising and securing
illustrative and graphic material, and his schol-
arship in bibliographic work, we must forgive
the author for frequently unhappy forms of
statement and obscure expressions.
FREDERICK STARR.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
Of recent text-books dealing with
English fiction, by far the most ser-
viceable we have seen is Mr. Wilbur
L. Cross's “The Development of the English Novel”
(Macmillan). This book should prove of interest
and value to the general reader as well as to the
student in this department of literature, for there
is little to suggest the school-room in its plan or
An admirable
account of the
English novel.
style. The headings of its eight chapters are:
“From Arthurian Romance to Richardson,” “The
Eighteenth Century Realists,” “From “Humphrey
Clinker’ to “Waverley,’” “Nineteenth Century
Romance,” “The Realistic Reaction,” “The Re-
turn to Realism,” “The Psychological Novel,” “The
Contemporary Novel.” An appendix contains a
list of twenty-five prose fictions designed to show in
outline the development of the English novel and
fourteen pages of useful bibliographical notes.
There is an Index. In the details of his work, Mr.
Cross puts forth no plea for any particular writer
or school: “We are by nature both realists and
idealists,” he declares, “delighting in the long run
about equally in the representation of life somewhat
as it is and as it is dreamed to be. . . . Idealism
in course of time falls into unendurable exorbitances;
realism likewise offends by its brutality and cyn-
icism. And in either case there is a recoil.” This
is eminently sane, for it is true both in reason and
in fact. The clash of rival schools in fiction, the
petulance of their respective champions — how ex-
asperating ! Yet this absurdity is also natural and
would better be regarded in humor than in anger.
The analysis and classification of English fiction is
no simple matter; the diversities and the similari-
ties are often so perplexingly contradictory that one
finds his material capricious. The pigeon-holes are
duly labeled, but some of the stories apparently be-
long in half-a-dozen at once. The author of this
book, however, approves himself a master of his
subject, subservient to no theories of arbitrary as-
sortment; his frequent repetition of names and
titles previously localized, in connection with groups
which in some respects overlap the others, con-
tributes directly to the clearness of the classifica-
t
tion and supplies a series of links that emphasize
the inter-relations and points of connection in the
material as a whole. Among the many excellent
features of the essay we note the occasional para-
graphs upon the influences, social and political, for-
eign as well as domestic, which always affect public
taste and often account for the literary fashions of
the day. In the characterization of the novelists
we have been especially pleased with the sections
upon Sterne, Jane Austen, Scott (“the greatest
force that has yet appeared in English fiction”),
George Eliot, and Meredith. In his treatment of
contemporary writers, Mr. Cross does Mrs. Hum-
phry Ward scant courtesy, sparing never a word in
comment upon her fine character creations and her
excellent technique. It occurs to us that in a text-
book of this nature, there should be included a
section on technique; a discussion of this topic
treated historically would be of great service to the
student of fiction.
The pages of Sir Algernon West's
chatty volume of “Recollections:
1832-1886” (Harper) are thickly
strewn with the names of men well known in En-
glish political and official life during the period cov-
ered. Sir Algernon's long career in the fiscal branch
of the public service has kept him constantly in touch
with public men, and furnished him with an un-
usually large budget of stories about them, and these
form the staple of his book. He was chosen Pri-
vate Secretary to Mr. Gladstone on the latter's re-
turn to power in 1868, and naturally has some
rather interesting recollections of his old chief –
not a few of them comically tinged with the Private
Secretary's proverbial self-importance. For exam-
ple, he records: “ . . . After the ceremony we
all adjourned to luncheon at Mr. Gladstone's, who
asked me whom I should propose as Chancellor of
the Exchequer. I suggested Chamberlain, but he
thought that the city would be terrified at his views
of “ransom,’ while I maintained that a few weeks
of official experience would soften the crudeness of
his views.” Sir William W. Harcourt received the
appointment, and the ex-Secretary goes on to say:
“On the 11th I had my first interview with my
new master (Sir William), who received me aua,
bras ouverts as his “guide, philosopher, and friend.’”
Lest the foregoing extracts should seem to argue a
general lack of the sense of humor in Sir Algernon,
we hasten to say that in point of fact his mind is
on the contrary of a somewhat Joe Millerish cast,
if we are to accept his book as a fair reflection of
it. His stories are largely of the jocular order,
and pleasantly reflect the foibles and humors of old
official colleagues—those of Mr. Alfred Montgom-
ery, for instance, a witty but punctilious gentleman
of the old school of manners, long Chairman of the
Board of Inland Revenue. One baking hot day,
Sir Algernon relates, the Chairman's private secre-
tary rashly came into the board-room with his coat
off. “Montgomery was much shocked, and as the
Recollections, by
Mr. Gladstone's
private secretary.


204 THE DIAL
[March 16,
secretary was leaving the room he called him back
and said: ‘Mr. , if you should find it con-
venient in this hot weather to take off your trousers,
pray do not let any feeling of respect for the Board
stand in your way.’” There is a touch of pathos,
and an illustration of the ways of royalty, in the
last recorded jest of this old public servant. As
he lay on his death-bed the Prince of Wales called
on him, and shortly afterwards the Princess. On
her departure he said to his servant: “Should the
Queen call, say that I am too tired to see her Maj-
esty.” “He once told me,” Sir Algernon signifi-
cantly adds, “that though he had been in the Queen's
household since her Majesty's accession, she had
never once spoken to him.” To an Englishman, of
course, the oversight was tragic. Sir Algernon's
book makes pleasant reading, but it lacks pith, and
conveys the impression that its author is a good
deal of a trifler — which of course he is not, outside
literature. There are some good illustrations,
mainly portraits, and the volume is attractively
made.
There was abundant room for a
work in English on the troubadours.
The reader who is confined to En-
glish works has had nothing outside the encyclo-
paedias that was not untrustworthy and antiquated.
He may now turn to the two large and sumptuous
volumes that Professor Justin H. Smith has just
devoted to “The Troubadours at Home” (Putnam),
which are certainly neither meagre nor ill-informed.
Indeed they present a vast mass of facts gleaned
from a wide study of the best and most recent in-
vestigations and from a considerable acquaintance
at first hand with the poetry of the troubadours
themselves. Something may be found here con-
cerning more than a hundred of the upwards of
four hundred singers known to us, and very full
information concerning all the most important ones.
Emphasis is justly laid on the interest that the lit-
erature of the troubadours should have for us as
containing the beginnings of our own culture, and the
attempt is made to present the social and intellect-
ual movement of which it is the expression, and to
make more intelligible to the modern reader the
spirit, the ideas, and the ideals of that forgotten
world. To that end attention is also given to the
exterior aspects and customs of the time. The
troubadour country has been carefully studied, and
the character of its scenery and the appearance of
its towns impressed upon the reader, not only by
highly colored word-pictures, but also by a great
wealth of fine illustrations from the author's own
photographs. This is frankly an aeuvre de vulga-
risation, and even the method of historical fiction is
not disdained in order “to constitute an environ-
ment and an atmosphere for the poets,” and to in-
duce with regard to “the life, the events, the local-
ities and the personalities” of the time “a sense of
actuality.” But in spite of these painstaking efforts
and these elaborate means, we lay down the vol-
The troubadours
and their world.
umes with a measure of disappointment. The
world of the troubadours has not risen clear, firm,
coherent, and substantial in our minds. Somehow
it still remains shadowy, distant, and unreal. Its
parts are left too scattered, our gaze is too often
distracted from it to this world of modernity, and
the rising illusion of reality is too often rudely dis.
pelled by the instrusion of the author with his
Baedeker and his camera. Perhaps, as so often
happens, he would have succeeded in doing more if
he had been content to attempt less. We really
have three works here: a beautifully illustrated
book of travel, a historical novel, or rather a score
of them, and a work of literary history. Each
one would gain immensely by being cut loose from
the others. However, the author's failure to
achieve all the ends that he proposed to himself by
no means robs his work of its solid value; it pre-
sents by far the most ample and trustworthy store
of information about the troubadours and their
world to be found in English. The fulness of its
bibliographical references will make it of service
even to special students.
A stimulation “Literature is largely made in the
to the schools a Knowledge subject. The
*** great function of literature, namely
to bring into play the spiritual faculties, is very
inadequately recognized, and the study of En-
glish literature is made too much an objective
job—the fault of teachers, not students.” There
are many readers who would promptly assign
these words to Professor Hiram Corson without
being explicitly informed of their source, so fre-
quently and so insistently has this veteran cham-
pion of the true interests of literary instruction ex-
pressed the idea which they embody. As a matter
of fact, they are taken from the preface to Dr.
Corson's latest work, “An Introduction to the
Prose and Poetical Works of John Milton” (Mac-
millan). Nor are the following words any less
distinctively characteristic of the author's controll-
ing ideas upon the subject of literature-study:
“Notes are a necessary evil, and should not
be read until after a requisite general impression
has been received from an independent reading;
often two or more independent readings should
precede any attention to explanatory notes. . . .
A special attention to the details should be given
only after the reader has, in a general way, taken
in the articulating thought and the informing life
of the poem.” Such words as these cannot be
said too often, and deserve to be printed in letters
of gold. The aim of the work before us is to en-
courage students in such a study of Milton as shall
bring them into vivifying spiritual contact with
the loftiest of English poets. It has two main sec-
tions. The first, called “Milton's Autobiography,”
consists of about a hundred pages of text, “made
up of all the more important autobiographical
passages contained in his prose and poetical works,”
and arranged chronologically with reference to his
*


1900.] THE
DIAL 205
life. The second section consists of “passages in
Milton's prose and poetical works in which his
idea of true liberty, individual, domestic, civil, pol-
itical, and religious, is explicitly set forth.” Here
we have the whole of “Comus,” “Lycidas,” and
“Samson Agonistes,” besides some score of pages
of brief extracts. To state the plan of this work,
together with the name of its editor, is to commend
it to all who love English literature, and believe in
its enormous possibilities as an educative influence.
Of Milton, particularly, in these days of the glo-
rification of brute force and the wide departure of
the English peoples from the ideals that have made
them great, we may well repeat the familiar cry of
Wordsworth's sonnet, and welcome any attempt to
create a renewed interest in one whose only care
was “To stand approved in sight of God, though
worlds judged [him] perverse.”
The life of James Hogg offers to its
biographers one difficulty—or, per-
haps better, an opportunity — that is
unique in the history of literature. Hogg became
widely known, not merely by his own writings or
his own personality, but also by the character given
him by others in a work of fiction. Indeed, we
rather think that Hogg was even in his life-time
known as the Ettrick Shepherd of the “Noctes
Ambrosianae" more widely than as the author of
“Kilmeny.” Or, in other words, Hogg even in his
lifetime was known, not merely as he could present
himself to the public but as the none too scrupulous
Wilson, or sometimes Lockhart, chose to present
him. This is certainly a strange predicament. We
think of no analogy save that of Socrates, and he
was in his lifetime known personally and not as he
appears in the Dialogues of Plato. This curious
double character of Hogg is fully appreciated by
Sir George Douglas, who has just written the vol-
ume devoted to him in the “Famous Scots” series
(imported by Scribner). Professor Ferrier, who
edited the “Noctes,” was of the opinion that Hogg
would be better known to posterity in the character
given him by Wilson than in his own. Sir George
naturally holds to the facts; he decidedly prefers
“the simple, kindly, unsophisticated farmer of
Yarrow—as he stands “in his rights of a man,’ ow-
ing nothing to art, his imperfections on his head”
— to “the sham Arcadian, the fatuous amorist of
his own eloquence, the maudlin retailer of tirades
ad libitum over whisky-punch at a tavern.” We
incline to agree with him, and to differ with Pro-
fessor Ferrier as to posterity, which now does not
know much or care much about the “Noctes Am-
brosianae.” Whether it knows or cares much more
for the work of James Hogg may be a question.
But those who read this sketch of the poet's life
will probably feel some desire to turn for a moment
to the work of one of the most typical of Scotch
poets. It should be added that the volume includes
also short sketches of Tannahill, Motherwell, and
Thom.
The real
Ettrick Shepherd.
In “The Peasant's War in Germany”
The Peasant's War. (Macmillan), Mr. E. Belfast Bax
furnishes the second of his series of
three volumes on the social side of the German
reformation. The period is a difficult one to cover
owing to the lack of unity in the various separated
revolutionary movements, and to their having oc-
curred at nearly the same time. The details of
each rising are narrated with careful discrimination
between fact and tradition. Occasional digressions,
suggested by the events of his period, on the phil-
osophy of socialistic movements in general, and on
the scope of modern socialism in particular, seem
rather forced, and mar the general excellence of
the author's work. A sharp contrast is justly drawn
between the essential spirit of the reformation, and
the objects sought by the peasant's war. The re-
formation was wholly individualistic and modern
in its tendency, while the material purposes of the
peasants were communistic and mediaeval, and were
therefore doomed to failure in the end. Yet the
wrongs of the peasants were not to be borne quietly,
and whatever their mistaken remedies, the peasant's
war, per se, says Mr. Bax, was a laudable effort
against unjust conditions. The author's impartial-
ity in treating of the relations of peasants and
princes, both before and during the war, is note-
worthy, even when emphasizing the inherent right-
fulness of the peasant's cause. Unfortunately this
same equitable balance is not consistently main-
tained in the references made to the position of the
Lutheran theologians toward the peasant move-
ment. The bare mention of their names brings with
it epithets of bitterness and scorn, while Melancthon
in particular is designated successively as “malig-
nant toady,” “Luther's little dog,” and “Luther's
jackal.” Whatever Mr. Bax's opinion of these
men, the use of such terms is certainly not dignified,
and most sensibly detracts from the impression of
scholarly impartiality otherwise received. A minor
criticism from the scholar's point of view is that
while we find in the preface a list of authorities, no
specific references to them are anywhere made.
Nor is there an index, though it may be the inten-
tion to supply this for the entire series, in the third
and concluding volume, on the Anabaptists, now
in preparation. An excellent map of Germany
during the reformation (from Spruner-Menke's
Historischer Atlos) has been included.
Such a fascination has theatrical life
for youthful aspirants, that “The
Stage as a Career” (Putnam), by
Mr. Philip G. Hubert, Jr., will find a large and
eager audience. Much specious doctrine on this
subject has been promulgated, first and last, by
those connected in various capacities with the
stage, but this is the first time that we have had
gathered together opinions from such valuable au-
thorities as Sir Henry Irving, Lawrence Barrett,
Joseph Jefferson, Dion Boucicault, Helen Mod-
jeska, Mary Anderson, and Maggie Mitchell. The
The stage
as a career.


206 THE DIAL
[March 16,
author considers, in a chapter apiece, the social
status of the stage, the stage as an artistic career,
the necessary qualifications, the best training, dra-
matic schools and teachers, and the lights and shad-
ows of the life. His experience as a dramatic
critic has brought him into close relations with the
stage, and it is by no means a rose-hued picture he
has drawn of the qualifications and training essen-
tial to success. The question of dramatic art—
that is to say, of movement in a play and of com-
petent execution and acting of it—is, of course,
distinct from the question of morals; but, since
morality, either positive or negative, is inherently
present in everything, moral quality never permits
itself to be ignored. As a corollary Mr. Hubert
maintains that the actor or actress cannot hold his
or her own in society—that the stage leaves its
mark. There is a light vein of animosity in this
broad statement. The question of character should
enter more fully into the discussion —“it is the
root of the flower, and the flower is as the root
makes it.”
Estimate, a ren. Mr. “Frederic Harrison's latest vol-
nyson, Ruskin, and ume of essays is entitled “Tenny-
***** son, Ruskin, Mill, and Other Liter-
ary Estimates” (Macmillan). He describes it as
“a series of systematic estimates of some leading
influences on the thought of our time.” Be-
sides the three men named in the title, Arnold,
Symonds, Lamb, Keats, Gibbon, Froude, and Free-
man are made the subjects of Mr. Harrison's crit-
ical examination. We have, besides, a paper on
“English Prose,” and a semi-satirical dialogue
called “The Book-Trotter.” To those familiar with
Mr. Harrison's literary characteristics and phil-
osophical method these titles alone will convey a
fair idea of what the book contains. Such readers,
at least, will know beforehand that the discussion
will be animated and interesting, filled with fine
enthusiasm, and couched in a style burly rather
than delicate, yet expressive of much good sense and
warm sympathy with most worthy matters. The
touchstone of Comte is applied now and then, as a
matter of course, and the author's familiar habit is
practiced of massing his praise and dispraise in
separate formations. The essay on Tennyson is
probably more imperfect in its sympathies than
any of the others, while the three papers on Ruskin
exhibit Mr. Harrison's temper and acumen at their
best. The book as a whole, which is well worth
reading, seems to occupy a sort of half-way station
between criticism of the kind that endures and
criticism that is of the day and year only.
The time has not yet come to write
a history of the obligations America
owes to her adopted citizens, but
when it is finally done no name will take higher
rank than Francis Lieber's. How manifold his
activities were, and how thoroughly he earned the
title of publicist, Dr. Lewis R. Harley, a steadfast
Francis Lieber,
publicist
and scholar.
but discriminating admirer, reminds us in his
“Francis Lieber: His Life and Political Philoso-
phy” (Macmillan). Brought to the United States
by the working of a political system which excites
our wonder at its selection of its victims, he proved
his country's loss in advocating the cause of good
government with a zeal that has left all Americans
his debtors. Like all Germans of his time, he
attached himself to the party of Hamilton and
Marshall—in itself a sufficient answer to those who
had detected signs of revolution in him, - and the
interesting development of his mind toward the
more popular forms of American political philoso-
phy in later years is almost the only omission in the
present volume of which complaint can be made.
To the American legist and jurist he stands in the
light of a pioneer, reducing broad areas of cultivable
soil to tillage which, until his coming, had been
covered with wild growths. To the student world
of his time he was almost a prophet, so well organ-
ized and so interesting was the combination of
knowledge and wisdom he imparted to his classes.
To the political sphere of his day he appeared as a
seer, and many of his theories even now suggest the
idea of illumination. The book in hand is admir-
ably designed and written, from the frontispiece of
the great scholar to the Index.
A record and After a chapter or so of biography
review of proper, Mr. Charles Hiatt's attract-
***** ively mounted book on Henry Irving
(Macmillan) gradually resolves itself into a series
of appreciations of that great actor's art as exem-
plified in his leading rôles. The text is liberally
strewn with well-chosen extracts from journalistic
criticisms of Mr. Irving's impersonations—so lib-
erally, indeed, that the book serves as a moderate
anthology in that kind; and it should be observed
that though Mr. Hiatt is a warm admirer of his
hero he has by no means confined himself to quota-
tions of a laudatory character. It has been his aim
to give a concise account of Sir Henry's career on
the stage from the time of his first appearance at
Sunderland in 1856 down to the recent production
of “Robespierre,” and at the same time to faithfully
illustrate what critics have said pro and con of his
work. The opinions of Mr. Clement Scott and
Mr. William Archer will accordingly be found side
by side with those of Mr. Joseph Knight and Mr.
A. B. Walkley. Some interesting facts as to Sir
Henry's childhood and youth are supplied in the
opening chapters, and a full list of parts played by
him in London, with dates of first performances, is
appended. The book is copiously and handsomely
illustrated, mainly with portraits—one of which,
by-the-way, after an early original, so closely re-
sembles R. L. Stevenson that it might easily pass
for a rather flattering likeness of that author. Some
interesting reprints of play-bills of the chief produc-
tions at the Lyceum will be found useful to students
of the stage. The tasteful exterior of Mr. Hiatt's
readable book calls for special mention.


1900.] THE
DIAL 207
º
Reminiscence, aſ Of the band of self-devoted men
an Anti-slavery and women who were chiefly instru-
Reformer. mental in awakening the national
conscience to a sense of the degradation involved in
slaveholding, few remain. One of the youngest of
the number, Aaron Macy Powell, survives now only
in the memory of a very few associates, and in the
“Personal Reminiscences of the Anti-Slavery and
other Reforms and Reformers” which he had pre-
pared and is now published by his devoted widow,
Mrs. Anna Rice Powell. The book is one to be
read especially by any timid souls who in these
later days fear to speak out on the unpopular side
of great questions affecting the honor and well-
being of the nation. It is the temperate and accu-
rate statement of a man who was yet in early man-
hood when he saw Garrison, known to him first as
a target for unmerchantable eggs and unmention-
able abuse, the honored guest of the nation at the
raising of the Stars and Stripes over Fort Sumter
in April, 1865. From anti-slavery, at the close of
the war, Powell passed to other agitations for re-
form — to the demand for equal political and other
rights between the sexes, and for many other prob-
lems which are yet awaiting settlement. The book
concludes with contributions, in prose and verse,
from several hands, to the sterling qualities of this
energetic reformer and valuable citizen.
A myth-crop Following his “Myths and Legends
from our “New of Our Own Land ” comes Mr. C.
Possessions.” M. Skinner's supplementary volume,
uniform in size and shape, entitled “Myths and
Legends of Our New Possessions” (Lippincott),
including in the latter category Puerto Rico, Cuba,
Hawaii, and the Philippines, but omitting Guam.
It is from Hawaii that most of the real legends are
derived, though the isolated instance from Samoa,
where an American newspaper man, ten years ab-
sent, has been erected into a tutelary war-god —
an eminence for which so many American journals
have been striving in vain—is brought forward to
prove what a savage imagination can do in the face
of Christianity. The stories of Spain are, almost
without exception, slight romances on familiar lines,
such as must have been known in the peninsula
before being transplanted to the islands of the east-
ern or western sea. All are entertaining, and form
a treasure-house for future writers.
The dozen rollicking but not over-
drawn sketches of rural life in the
west of Ireland, collectively entitled
“Some Experiences of an Irish R. M.” (Long-
mans), are reprinted from the “Badminton Maga-
zine,” and they are well worth it. There is a note
of genuineness in the book, despite its element of
fiction, that we like. The stories are supposed to
be told by a newly settled Resident Magistrate,
who gradually becomes used to the ways of his
horse-dealing, fox-hunting, hard-drinking, and by
no means unlikable neighbors. The types and cus-
Experiences of an
Irish magistrate.
toms of the region are delineated with much humor,
and the leading characters and their fortunes, mari-
tal and other, are carried on through the several
chapters. The authors are Messrs. E. Somerville
and Martin Ross, and Mr. Somerville furnishes
some acceptable drawings.
pºwe, zºo, in “Pepys's Ghost” (Badger) is the
modern Gotham title of an amusing skit in which the
and elsewhere. style and mental idiosyncrasy of the
prattling old diarist are cleverly parodied by Mr.
Edwin Emerson, Jr. The book is quaintly de-
scribed as, “His Wanderings in Greater Gotham,
his Adventures in the Spanish War, together with
his Minor Exploits in the Field of Love and
Fashion, and his Thoughts Thereon. Now recy-
phered and here set down, with many annotations.”
Mr. Emerson, in the guise of Pepys revisiting the
glimpses of the moon, journalizes in Pepysian phrase
and fashion some every-day up-to-date experiences
in New York, and also some actual adventures of
his own as press correspondent at the front during
the Spanish War. Mr. Emerson evidently knows
his Pepys, and his book is bright and entertaining
and not too big.
BRIEFER MENTION.
Mr. A. T. Quiller-Couch, in his “Historical Tales
from Shakespeare” (Scribner), does for the “histories”
something like what was done by the Lambs for the
other plays; that is, he tells in simple language the
stories of the historical plays. A book of similar scope,
although of different plan, is “The Story of English
Kings According to Shakespeare” (Appleton), by Mr.
J. J. Burns. This book, designed especially for school
reading, pieces together characteristic extracts from
the historical plays, and supplies easy narrative for con-
nective purposes. The idea is a good one, and well
carried into execution.
Mr. Nicholas Browse Trist, the well-known whist
expert, has written a small volume on “American Leads
and Their History,” which has been published by Messrs.
Harper & Brothers. The work consists of (1) a his-
tory of the American leads, (2) a critique of later
American innovations (in which such vagaries as the
“Street attachment” and the methods of the “short-
suiters” are sharply scored), and (3) a synopsis of the
approved Anglo-American leads. We recommend the
book to all devotees of the noble game with which it is
concerned. Mr. Trist has a pleasing style and a con-
vincing manner of exposition.
“The Age of Johnson,” by Mr. Thomas Seccombe, is
a volume in the series of “Handbooks of English Lit-
erature” (Macmillan), of which Professor Hales is the
general editor. The series now comprises six volumes,
covering the period from 1632 to 1870, and forming as
a whole one of the best histories of modern English lit-
erature that have thus far been produced. Milton,
Dryden, Pope, Johnson, Wordsworth, and Tennyson,
give their respective names to the volumes now pub-
lished, and other volumes for the earlier ages are soon
to appear. Mr. Seccombe has performed his task with


208 THE DIAL
[March 16,
taste and discernment. His period is the latter half of
the eighteenth century, and he boldly claims for it the
inclusion of more great names than any other “Age”
thus far dealt with in the series.
“Choral Songs by Various Writers and Composers
in Honour of Her Majesty Queen Victoria” (Macmil-
lan) is a sumptuous vellum-encased folio containing
thirteen compositions. The writers include such men
as Messrs. Robert Bridges, A.C. Benson, John Davidson,
Austin Dobson, Edmund Gosse, and F. W. H. Myers.
Among the composers we note the best-known of En-
glish academic names, Sir A. C. Mackenzie, Sir Hubert
Parry, Sir John Stainer, and Mr. C. W. Stanford. The
authors of the work join in a dignified dedication to the
Queen, recalling the fact that a work similar in intent,
“The Triumphs of Oriana,” was published in 1601 in
praise of Elizabeth.
Mr. Henry Frowde has just published “The Oxford
Molière” in three forms. The first of these is a single
volume of 647 double-columned pages. The second is
exactly like the first, except that it is printed on India
paper, and sold at a higher price. The third is in the
prettiest imaginable set of four vest-pocket volumes,
printed on India paper. The text and typography are
the same in all these editions; the latter is necessarily
rather minute, the former is taken from the standard
edition of MM. Despois and Mesnard. There is not a
single word of English in any of these books. We
trust that the Oxford Press may see its way to publish
similar editions of other foreign classics. “Don Quijote”
might properly come next in the series.
Mr. David Nutt has begun the publication of a series
of “Popular Studies in Mythology, Romance, and Folk-
lore.” The numbers take the form of sixpenny pam-
phlets, of which four have thus far been issued, as fol-
lows: “Celtic and Mediaeval Romance,” by Mr. Alfred
Nutt; “Folklore: What Is It, and What Is the Good
of It?” by Mr. E. S. Hartlund; “Ossian and the Os-
sianic Literature,” by Mr. Alfred Nutt; and “King
Arthur and His Knights,” by Miss Jessie L. Weston.
These are engaging little books, and none the less schol-
arly because of their popularizing intent.
The plan of Messrs. Macmillan's new “Library of En-
glish Classics” is to reproduce, in typographically per-
fect reprints, the best existing texts of the masterpieces
of English literature, with no fresh editorial material
other than a brief bibliographical note to each volume
from the pen of Mr. A. W. Pollard. Bacon's Essays
and Sheridan's Plays inaugurate the series, and form
two octavo volumes of handsome and dignified outward
appearance, and irreproachable typography. We
trust this commendable enterprise may extend indefi-
nitely beyond the twenty-five volumes planned for
publication during the present year.
Mrs. Sara T. D. Robinson, the widow of the late
Governor Robinson, has issued, through the Lawrence
Journal Company, a new edition of her “Kansas: Its
Interior and Exterior Life.” The book was written
when Mrs. Robinson was with her husband in the Le-
compton prison, and was first published in October of
1856. It ran rapidly through nine editions and exerted
an important influence upon Northern opinion at the
time. Its present interest lies wholly in the fact that
it presents an account of important events, written by
an eye-witness at the time of their occurrence. It is
therefore unfortunate that Mrs. Robinson has in this
edition interpolated a good many paragraphs, without
distinguishing the new from the old.
NOTES.
Messrs. Eaton & Co. are the publishers of a “History
of the United States,” by Miss Alma Holman Bar-
ton. It is a text-book for school children of the younger
sort.
The “Old South Leaflets” enter upon their second
century of numbers with “The Rights of War and
Peace,” a translation of the Prolegomena to the great
work of Grotius.
“A Manual of Zoology,” by Messrs. T. Jeffrey Parker
and William A. Haswell, is published by the Macmillan
Co. in an American edition with special adaptations and
illustrative material.
The publishers of Mrs. Barr's “Trinity Bells,” Messrs.
J. F. Taylor & Co., announce that the book has just
gone into a third edition. Its success has been due
largely to its exceptional fitness for young girls' reading.
The two closing volumes for 1899 of the series of
“Economic Studies” (Macmillan) are “The English
Income Tax,” by Dr. Joseph A. Hill, and “The Effects
of Recent Changes in Monetary Standards upon the
Distribution of Wealth,” by Mr. Francis S. Kinder.
A unique addition to the numerous reprints of “The
Compleat Angler” is the India paper “Thumb" edi-
tion, published by the Oxford University Press. The
volume is about two inches square, and although con-
taining 600 pages of text is less than half an inch
thick.
The publishers of Mr. Stedman's long-deferred
“American Anthology” state that owing to the editor's
continued illness it has been found possible to issue only
the limited large-paper edition of the work this Spring,
publication of the regular trade edition being post-
poned until Fall.
“Glimpses across the Sea,” by Mr. Sam T. Clover, is
published at Evanston, Ill., by the Windiknowe Pub-
lishing Co. It is a pleasant volume of sketches of
travel in Europe, enlivened by humor and shrewd ob-
servation. The contents are reprinted from the “Even-
ing Post” of Chicago.
“Outlines of the Comparative Physiology and Mor-
phology of Animals,” by Professor Joseph Le Conte, is
a text-book just published by the Messrs. Appleton. It
presents a general view of its subject rather than that
study of selected types that has found favor of late, and
that many educators believe to have been overdone.
By degrees the writings of Edward Rowland Sill are
trickling into the light of the more permanent publicity
that appertains to books as distinguished from period-
icals. Three small volumes of his verse have been put
forth, and now Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. an-
nounce a volume of his prose and letters for early pub-
lication.
In connection with Messrs. J. M. Dent & Co. of
London, the Macmillan Co. will shortly begin the
publication of a series of international primers forming
a Primer-Cyclopaedia. The aim is to provide in a con-
venient and accessible form the information which
the usual bulky and high priced encyclopaedias place
beyond the easy reach of the average reader. The
series will accordingly aim at the comprehensive in-
clusion of the chief department of Literature, Science
and Art, and each volume will be the work of a spec-
ialist on the subject treated.
Recent English texts and supplementary reading
books include the following: Irving's “The Alhambra,”


1900.] THE
DIAL 209
edited by Mr. A. M. Hitchcock; Scott’s “Marmion,”
edited by Mr. George B. Aiton; and Lowell's “Sir
Launfal” and other poems, edited by Mr. Herbert
Bates. These three are published by the Macmillan Co.
From the Messrs. Appleton we have “Stories from the
Arabian Nights,” selected by Mr. Adam Singleton. The
American Book Co. sends us “South America,” a geo-
graphical reader by Mr. F. G. Carpenter; “A Tale of
Two Cities,” edited by Miss Ella Boyce Kirk; and “The
Talisman,” edited by Miss Julia M. Dewey.
Dante's “Paradiso” is a new “Temple” classic which,
like the recent edition of the “Laxdale Saga,” indicates
a purpose on the part of the editor to enlarge the scope
of this series of books beyond what have heretofore
been its limits. The little volume contains the text of
the “Paradiso” faced by Mr. Wicksteed's prose trans-
lation. Each canto is supplied with an argument and
notes, the contribution of Messrs. Wicksteed and Oels-
ner. There are also given the necessary maps and
charts. No announcement is made of similar editions
of the other two cantiche, but the demand for them is
likely to be such as to force their preparation.
Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co. publish “A Practical
Treatise on French Model Auxiliaries,” by Dr. Alfred
Hennequin; “French Prose of the XVII. Century,”
edited by Prof. F. M. Warren; “Scénes de la Révo-
lution Française” from Lamartine’s “Girondins,”
edited by Professor O. B. Super ; and Molière’s “Las
Précieuses Ridicules,” edited by Professor Walter
D. Toy. An edition of the last-named play, edited
by Dr. C. Fontaine, is also sent us by Mr. W. R.
Jenkins. “French Reading for Beginners,” edited
by Professor Oscar Kuhns, is published by Messrs.
Henry Holt & Co. The American Book Co. publish
an abridgment of “La Tulipe Noire,” by Alexandre
Dumas, made and edited by Professor Edgar E. Bran-
don.
The International Association for the Advancement
of Science, Art and Education is an organization that
was projected last September, when the British and
French Associations for the advancement of Science
held their meetings at Dover and Boulogne, respec-
tively. Special committees were appointed under the
general presidency of M. Léon Bourgeois. It is plan-
ned to hold an International Assembly in Paris during
the summer of the Exposition, in connection with the
comprehensive scheme of Congresses which will be in
Paris, as it was in Chicago, an important adjunct to
the work of the Exposition. As Secretary of the
British contingent of the Committee in charge, Professor
Patrick Geddes is now in the United States for the
purpose of securing the coöperation of our scientific
and educational forces in the prosecution of this im-
portant and altogether praiseworthy undertaking. In
a general way, it may be said that the Assembly will
aim to secure to those who take advantage of its ar-
rangements the fullest benefits of the Exposition, and
of its auxiliary congresses. Provision will be made
for classes, lectures, expert guidance, excursions, and
social gatherings, which should greatly enhance the profit
of American students in Paris during the coming sum-
mer. The energy and contagious enthusiasm of Pro-
fessor Geddes are such that his present mission is sure
to be productive of good results, and we cordially in-
vite those interested in the matter to put themselves
into communication with him. He may be addressed
at any time in care of the United States Commissioner
of Education.
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF SPRING BOOKS.
THE DIAL's annual Spring Announcement List, pre-
sented herewith, is considerably larger than any previ-
ous list of the kind that we have yet given our readers
at this time of year. Over 700 titles are included, as
against 600 a year ago. It is not intended to name in
this list any books already issued and entered in our
regular List of New Books; and all the books here given
are presumably new books — new editions not being in-
cluded unless having new form or matter. The list
presents, therefore, a real survey of the new and forth-
coming books of the Spring of 1900, carefully classified,
and compiled from authentic data.
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRs.
Life of William H. Seward, by Frederic Bancroft, 2 vols.,
$5.-Our Presidents and How We Make Them, by A. K.
McClure, with portraits. (Harper & Brothers.)
Memoirs of the Baroness Cecile de Courtot, lady in waiting
to the Princess de Lamballe, compiled from the letters of the
Baroness to Frau von Alvensleben, and the diary of the
latter, by Moritz von Kaisenberg. (Henry Holt & Co.)
Sir Arthur Sullivan, his life-story, with letters and reminis-
cences, by Arthur Lawrence, illus., $3.50. --Some Players,
by Amy Leslie, illus., $2. (H. S. Stone & Co.)
The Private Memoirs of Madame Roland, edited, with In-
troduction, by Edward Gilpin Johnson. - Historical Me-
moirs of the Emperor Alexander I. and the Court of Rus-
sia, by Madame la Comtesse de Choiseul-Gouffier, née
Comtesse de Tisenhaus. (A. C. McClurg & Co.)
John Ruskin, a sketch of his life, work, and opinions, with
personal reminiscences, by M. H. Spielmann, with a paper
by Ruskin on "The Bi. Arts,” and a note by Harrison
S. Morris, $2. – The Sovereign Ladies of * edited
by the Countess a Won Bothmer, illus., $4. (J. B. Lip-
pincott Co.)
Stevenson, by L. Cope Cornford, $1.25.-The Kendals, by T.
Edgar Pemberton, illus., $3.50. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
The Men Who Made the Nation, by Edwin E. Sparks, illus.
— Foreign Statesmen series, new vols.: Louis XI., by G.
W. Prothero; Ferdinand the Catholic, by E. Armstro §:
Mazarin, by Arthur Hassall; Catharine II., by J. B.
Bury; Louis XIV., by H. O. Wakeman; per vol., 75 cts.
—Edward Thring, his life, diary, and letters. º George R.
Parkin, new edition in 1 vol. (Macmillan Co.
Chopin, the man and his music, by James Huneker, with
portrait, $2. (Charles Scribner's Sons.)
Heroes of the Nations series, new vols.: Charlemagne (Charles
the Great), by H. W. Carless Davis; Oliver Cromwell, by
Charles Firth; each illus. $1.50. – Literary Hearthstones
series, by Marion Harland, new vols.; John Knox, and
Hannah More; each illus., $1.50. (G. P. Putnam's
Sons.
Stonewall Jackson and the American Civil War, by Lieut.-
Col. G. F. R. Henderson, new and cheaper edition, with
Introduction by Lord Wolseley, 2 vols., illus., $4 – Lucian,
the Syrian Satirist, by. Lieut.-Col. Henry W. L. Hime,
$1.50 net.-Michel de l'Hospital, being the Lothian prize
essay, 1899, by C. T. Atkinson. — The Story of the Life
of Dr. Pusey, by the author of “Charles Lowder.”
(Longmans, Green, & Co.)
American Statesmen series, new vol.: Charles Sumner, by
Moorfield Storey, $1.25. (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.)
Personal Memoirs of P. H. Sheridan, General U. S. A., by
Brigadier-Gen. M. W. Sheridan, new edition, with an ac-
count of Gen. Sheridan's later years. (D. Appleton & Co.)
Heroes of the 19th Century, Wellington, Garibaldi, Grant,
Gordon, by Geo. Barnett Smith, illus., $1.75. (New Am-
sterdam Book Co.)
Life of Commissary James Blair, by D. E. Motley. (Johns
Hopkins Press.)
HISTORY.
A General History of Modern Times, edited by Lord Acton,
in 12 vols., § I., The Renaissance.-Caesar's Conquest
of Gaul, by T. Rice Holmes, with maps, $6.50 net.-
American History Told by Contemporaries, by Albert
Bushnell Hart, Vol. III., National Expansion, 1783–1845,
$2.- The Welsh People, their origin, language, and his-
tory, by John Rhys and David Brynmor Jones, Q.C. (Mac-
millan Co.)


210
[March 16,
THE DIAL
The Mississippi Valley in the Civil War, §. John Fiske, with
maps, $2.-The Constitution and the Navy under Sail, by
Ira N. Hollis, illus. –The Monitor and the Navy under
Steam, by F. M. Bennett, U. S.N., illus.-The Constitutional
History and Government of the United States, by Judson
S. Landon, LL.D., revised edition, $3.-The Mayflower
and her Log, by Azel Ames, M.D.—Numbers and Losses
in the Civil War in America, 1861–65, by Thomas L. Liv-
ermore. (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.)
A History of Scotland, by Andrew Lang, Vol. I. (Dodd,
On the Trail of a
Mead & Co.)
American Explorers series, new title:
Spanish Pioneer, the diary and itinerary of Francisco
Garcés in his travels through Sonora, Arizona, and Cali-
fornia, 1775-76, now first translated from the original
Spanish, and edited, by Dr. Elliot Coues, 2 vols., illus.,
$6. net. (Francis P. Harper.)
A History of the People of the United States, by John Bach
McMaster, Vol. W., $2.50. — A History of the Spanish-
American War, by Richard H. Titherington, $1.50. (D.
Appleton & Co.)
The Downfall of Spain, a naval history of the Spanish-Amer-
º * by H. W. Wilson, illus., $4.50. (Little, Brown,
0.
Side Lights on the Reign of Terror, by Mdlle des Echerolles,
trans. from the French by M. C. Balfour, illus. in photo-
avure, $4. net.—The Spanish Conquest in America, by
ir Arthur Helps, new edition, edited by M. Oppenheim,
4 vols., $5. (John Lane.)
Side Lights on English History, extracts from letters, papers,
and diaries, of the past three centuries, collected and ar-
ranged by Ernest F. Henderson. —Leading Documents of
English History, edited by Dr. Guy Carlton Lee. (Henry
Holt & Co.)
Slavery and Four Years of War, by J. Warren Keifer, 2 vols.,
illus.--Story of the Nations series, new vol.: Modern
Spain, by Martin A. S. Hume, illus., $1.50. (G. P. Put-
nam's Sons.)
The Northwest under Three Flags, #. Charles Moore, $2.50.
—The Story of the Boers, by H. G. Van der Hooght.
(Harper & Brothers.)
A History of Spain from the Earliest Times to the Death of
Ferdinand the Catholic, by Ulick Ralph Burke, M.A., sec-
ond and cheaper edition, edited, with additional Notes
and Introduction, by Martin A. S. Hume, 2 vols., $5.
(Longmans, Green, & Co.)
Source Book of the Renaissance, by Merrick Whitcomb,
Ph.D., $1.50.-State Documents on Federal Relations, by
Herman V Ames, Ph.D., $1.-Selections from the Writ-
ings of Zwingli, by Samuel Macauley Jackson, D.D.,
$1.25. —Select Colloquies of Erasmus, by Merrick Whit-
comb, Ph.D., $1.-Translations and Reprints, Vol. VI.,
series of 1899, $1.50. (University of Pennsylvania, Depart-
ment of History.)
Duruy's History of Modern Times, revised and condensed
by E. A. Grosvenor, with maps, $1. – Duruy's History of
the Middle Ages, revised and condensed by E. A. Gros-
venor, with maps, 75 cts. (T. Y. Crowell & Co.)
The Story of the Nineteenth Century, by Elbridge S. Brooks,
illus., $1.50. (Lothrop Publishing Co.)
Samson Occom and the Christian Indians of New England,
by W. De Loss Love, Ph.D., illus., $1.50 net. (Pilgrim
Press.)
Advanced Australia, by W. J. Galloway, M.P., $1.25. (New
Amsterdam Book Co.)
How England Saved Europe, the story of the Great War,
1793–1815, by W. H. Fitchett, Vol. IV., illus., $2.
(Charles Scribner's Sons.)
GENERAL LITERATURE.
An American Anthology, by Edmund Clarence Stedman,
limited large paperedition, 2 vols., with photogravure por-
traits, $10. net.—The Prose of Edward Rowland Sill,
with an Introduction comprising some familiar letters. —
Hotel de Rambouillet and the Précieuses, by Leon H. Vin-
cent, $1. – The Arts of Life, by R. R. Bowker. — Notes
on the Bacon-Shakespeare Question, by Charles Allen.
(Houghton, Mifflin & Co.)
More Letters of Edward FitzGerald, edited by W. Aldis
Wright.— A Concordance to FitzGerald's Omar Khayyám,
by J. R. Tutin.-Makers of Literature, by George Ed-
ward Woodberry. — Studies in Literature, by Lewis E.
Gates, second series.—National Studies in American Let-
ters series, new vols.: The Clergy in American Life and
Letters, by Rev. Daniel Dulaney. Addison; The Knicker-
bockers, by Rev. Henry van Dyke; The American Histor-
ical Novel, by Paul Leicester Ford. —The Evolution of the
Fº Novel, by Francis Honey Stoddard. (Macmil-
an vo.
Hazlitt and Lamb, letters and family papers, edited by W.
Carew Hazlitt, $1.50. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
The Anglo-Saxon Review, edited by Lady Randolph Spencer
Churchill, Vol. IV., completing the first year, with photo-
avure portraits, $6. net. —Sleeping Beauty and Other
É. Fancies, by Richard Le Gallienne, $1.25.-What
Is Poetry? an essay, by Edmond Holmes, $1.25. – Rud-
yard Kipling, a criticism, by Richard Le Gallienne, with
bibliography by John Lane, with portrait, $1.25. – George
Meredith, some characteristics, by Richard Le Gallienne,
with bibliography (much enlarged) by John Lane, new
revised edition, illus., $1.50.-The Trials of the Bantocks,
by G. S. Street, $1.25. — Mortal Immortals, by Baron
Corvo, $1.50. (John Lane.)
Balzac's Letters to Madame Hanska, trans. by Katharine
Prescott Wormeley, $1.50. (Little, Brown, & Co.)
Salons Colonial and Republican, by Anne H. Wharton, illus.,
$3. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
Ruskin and the Religion of Beauty, by Robert de la Sizer-
anne, trans. by Lady Galloway, $1.50. — Beautiful
Thoughts series, selections for every day from the best
authors, new vols.: Bulwer Lytton, arranged by P. W.
Wilson; Robert and Elizabeth Browning, arranged by
Margaret Shipp; Thomas Carlyle, arranged by P. W. Wil-
son; per vol., 75 cts. (James Pott & Co.)
The Individual, a study of life and death, by Prof. N. S.
Shaler. — Literatures of the World series, new vol.: A
History of Russian Literature, by K. Waliszewski. (D.
Appleton & Co.)
The Ways of Men, by Eliot Gregory (“An Idler”), $1.50.-
Interpretations of Poetry and Religion, by George Santa-
yana, $1.50.- Periods of European Literature series, new
vol.: The Romantic Triumph, by T. S. Omond, M.A.,
$1.50 net. (Charles Scribner's Sons.)
Christian Science, and other essays, by Mark Twain, illus.-
As Seen by Me, by Lilian Bell, illus. (Harper & Bros.)
Browning Study Programmes, by Charlotte Porter and Helen
A. Clarke, $1.50. (T. Y. Crowell & Co.)
Discovery of a Lost Trail, by Charles B. Newcomb, $1.50.
(Lee & Shepard.)
The Bending of the Bough, a comedy in five acts, by George
Moore, $1.25. —Answers of the Ages, 75 cts. (H. S.
Stone & Co.)
King Arthur in Cornwall, by W. Howship Dickinson, M. D.
(Longmans, Green, & Co.)
Opportunity, and other essays and addresses, by J. L. Spald-
ing, $1. (A. C. McClurg & Co.) -
Our Lady's Tumbler, a twelfth century legend done out of
old French into English by Philip H. Wicksteed, $1. net.—
Primavera, poems by four authors, with Preface by John
Addington Symonds, $1. net. (Thomas B. Mosher.)
London Souvenirs, by C. W. Heckethorn, $2. – Ivory Apes
and Peacocks, by “Israfel,” $1.75 met. (A. Wessels Co.)
Shaksper not Shakespeare, by William H. Edwards, illus.,
$2. (Robert Clarke Co.)
The Open Road, a little book of poems, by various authors,
for wayfarers, bicycle-wise and otherwise, compiled by
Edward Verrall Lucas, $1.50. (Henry Holt & Co.)
The Apostle of the Ardennes, or The Legend of St. Hubert
the Hunter, by Lady Lindsay, $1.25. (New Amsterdam
Book Co.)
As Talked in the Sanctum, by Rounsevelle Wildman, $1.
(Lothrop Publishing Co.)
Alabama, by Augustus Thomas, new edition, illus. with
scenes from the play, $1. (R H. Russell.)
For Friendship's Sake, essays on friendship by various au-
thors, $1. (Dodge Publishing Co.)
The Best of Browning, by James Mudge, D.D., new and
cheaper edition, with portrait, $1. (Curts & Jennings.)
PoETRY AND VERSE.
The Mystery of Godliness, by F. B. Money Coutts, $1.25. –
The Professor, and other poems, by Arthur Christopher
Benson, $1.25. (John Lane.)
The Wº; and other poems, by S. Weir Mitchell, $1. (Cen-
tury Co.)
The Toiling of Felix, and other poems, by Henry van Dyke,
$1. (Charles i. Sons.)
Grey Stone and Porphyry, by Harry Thurston Peck, $1.25.
ºb. Mead & 3. ..)


1900.] THE
TXIAL 211
A Bººk of Verses, by Nixon Waterman, $1.25. (Forbes &
o.)
The Search of Ceres, by Sarah Warner Brooks, $1.25. (A.
Wessels Co.)
Smiles Yoked with Sighs, by Robert J. Burdette, illus.,
$1.25. (Bowen-Merrill Co.)
Egypt, a poem, by Mrs. Laura G. Collins, illus., $1. (Rob-
ert Clarke Co.)
Joy, and other poems, by Danske Dandridge, second edition,
enlarged, with portrait. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
FICTION.
Resurrection, by Count Leo Tolstoy, illus., $1.50.-The Ala-
baster Box, by Sir Walter Besant, $1.50.- Three Men on
Wheels, by Jerome K. Jerome, illus., $1.50.-Joan of the
Sword Hand, by S. R. Crockett, illus., $1.50.-Féo, by
Max Pemberton, illus., $1.50.-The Strength of Gideon,
by Paul Laurence Dunbar, illus., $1.25. – Hearts Impor-
tunate, by Evelyn Dickinson, $1.25,-Outside the Radius,
by W. Pett Ridge, $1.25.-The Tone King, by Heribert
Rau, $1.50. – One Year, by Dorothea Gerard, $1.50.
(Dodd, Mead & Co.)
The Brass Bottle, by F. Anstey.—In Circling Camps, a ro-
mance of our Civil War, by J. A. Altsheler.—The Girl
at the Halfway House, a romance of the West, by E.
Hough.-The Last Lady of Mulberry, a story of Italy in
New York, by Henry Wilton Thomas, illus. --Pine Knot,
a story of Kentucky life, by William E. Barton, illus. –
A Hero in Homespun, by William E. Barton, new edition.
-Mirry. Ann, a nx story, by Norma Lorimer.—The
Immortal Garland, by Anna Robeson Brown.—Garthowen,
a Welsh story, by Allen Raine.-The Minister's Guest,
by Mrs. Isabel Smith —The Lunatic at Large, by J
Storer Clouston.—The Jay-Hawkers, a story of free soil
and border ruffian days, by Mrs. Adela F. Orpen — Diana
Tempest, by Mary Cholmondeley, new edition, with por-
trait and biographical sketch. (D. Appleton & Co.)
The Heart's Highway, a romance of Virginia in the 17th
Century, by Mary E. Wilkins, $1.50.-The Isle of the
Winds, a romance of Scotland and the American colonies,
by S. R. Crockett, illus., $1.50. - Debts of Honor, by
Maurus Jokai, $1.25. – The Sea Farers, by Mary Gray
Morrison, $1.50 — The Bewitched Fiddle, and other
stories, by Seumas MacManus, 75 cts. – Iroka, tales of
Japan, by Adachi Kinnosuke, $1.25.-Short Novels
series, first vols.: Captain Dieppe, by Anthony Hope;
Kela Bai, an Anglo-Indian idyll, by Charles Johnston;
An Eventful Night, by Clara Parker; Bennie Ben Cree,
by Arthur Colton; A Christian but a Roman, by Maurus
Jokai; each 50 cts. (Doubleday, Page & Co.)
Hilda Wade, by Grant Allen, illus. – The Things That
gº; by Elizabeth Knight Tompkins. (G. P. Putnam's
ons.
Sophia, by Stanley J. Weyman, with frontispiece. — Elissa,
and Black Heart and ite Heart, by H. Rider Haggard.
(Longmans, Green, & Co.)
Princess Sofia, by E. F. Benson.-The Rebel, by H. B. Mar-
riott Watson. — A Silver Wedding Journey, by W. D.
Howells. –The Action and the Word, by Brander Mat-
thews, illus.-The Conspirators, by R. W. Chambers, illus.
- Woman and Artist, by Max O'Rell. — The Man that
Corrupted Hadleyburg, and other stories, by Mark Twain,
illus. – Men with the Bark On, by Frederic Remington,
illus.-The Passing of Thomas, and other stories, by T. A.
Janvier, illus. – The Booming of Acre Hill, and other
sketches, by John Kendrick Bangs, illus. – Adam Grig-
son, by Mrs. Henry de la Pasture.—Jimmyjohn Boss, and
other stories, by Owen Wister, illus. – A Cumberland
Wendetta, by John Fox, Jr. — A Man of his Age, by Ham-
ilton Drummond, illus. – Hiwa, by E. P. Dale. (Harper
& Brothers.)
Senator North, by Gertrude Atherton, $1.50. —The Car-
dinal's Snuff Box, by Henry Harland, $1.50. — The Wor-
shipper of the Image, a tragic fairy tale, by Richard
Le Gallienne, $1.25. —The Realist, by Herbert Flower-
dew, $1.50. – Ursula, by E. Douglas King, $1.50. —Sev-
erance, by Thomas Cobb, $1.50. – The White Dove, by
W. J. Locke, $1.50. – The Crimson Weed, by Christopher
St. John, $1.50. (John Lane.)
A Master of Craft, by W. W. Jacobs, $1.50. —Sandburrs, by
Alfred Henry Lewis, illus., $1.50. —The Cambric Mask,
by Robert W. Chambers, $1.50. —The Bath Comedy,
by Egerton Castle, $1.50. —The Minx, by Mrs. Manning-
ton Caffyn, $1.50. – Marcelle of the Quarter, by Clive
Holland, $1.25. — Geber, a tale of Harun the Khalif., by
Kate A. Benton, $1.50. (F. A. Stokes Co.)
The Garden of Eden, by Blanche Willis Howard, $1.50. –
The Grip of Honor, a romance of the Revolution, by Cyrus
Townsend Brady.—The Touchstone, by Edith Wharton.
- Enoch Willoughby, a novel of the Middle West, by
James A. Wickersham, $1.50.-Boys and Men, a story of
life at Yale, by Richard Holbrook, $1.25. —Smith College
Stories, by Josephine Dodge Daskam, $1.50. — The Boss
of Taroomba, by E. W. Hornung, 75 cts. – Red Blood
and Blue, by Harrison Robertson.—The Monk and the
Dancer, by Arthur Cosslett Smith. –Stories of the East
§. by Robert Shackleton, illus. (Charles Scribner's
Sons.)
The Reign of Law, a tale of the Kentucky hempfields, by
James Lane Allen, illus.-The Web of Life, by Robert
Herrick. — The Bennett Twins, by Grace Marguerite
Hurd. - As the Light Led, by James Newton Baskett,
$1.50. - New edition of works by James Lane Allen,
4 vols., illus. (Macmillan Co.) -
The Autobiography of a Quack, and The Case of George
Dedlow, by S. Weir Mitchell, illus., $1.25. — Kate Weth-
erill, an earth comedy, by Jeannette Lee, $1.25. — Deacon
Bradbury, by Edwin Asa Dix, $1.50. (Century Co.)
The Queen's Garden, by Mrs. M. E. M. Davis, $1.25. — Poor
People, by I. K. Friedman, $1.50. — A Danvis Pioneer, a
story of #. Allen's Green Mountain boys, by Rowland
E. Robinson, $1.25. —The Burden of Christopher, by Flor-
ence Converse.-Robert Tournay, a romance of the French
Revolution, by William Sage, illus., $1.50. — The Son of
the Wolf, by Jack London, $1.50. —The Prelude and the
Play, by Rufus Mann, $1.50.-Knights in Fustian, a war-
time story of Indiana, by Caroline Brown, $1.50. (Hough-
ton, Mifflin & Co.)
The Slave, by Robert Hichens, $1.50. — Marshfield the Ob-
server, by Egerton Castle, $1.25. - Dartnell, by Benjamin
Swift, $1.25. — The Seekers, by Stanley Waterloo. $1.25.
— The Valley of the Great Shadow, by Anne Holdsworth,
$1.25. — A Man Adrift, by Bart Kennedy, $1.25. (H. S.
Stone & Co.)
Tales for Christmas and Other Seasons, by François Coppée,
trans. by Myrta Leonora Jones, $1.- A Dream of a Throne,
the story of a Mexican revolt, by Charles F. Embree,
$1.50. — Currita, Countess of Albornoz, a novel of Madrid
society, by Luis Coloma, trans. from the Spanish by
Estelle Huyck Attwell, $1.50. – The Parsonage Porch,
seven stories from the note book of a clergyman, by Brad-
ley Gilman, $1. – The Empress Octavia, a romance of the
court of Nero, by Wilhelm Walloth, trans. from the Ger-
man by Mary J. Safford, $1.50. (Little, Brown, & Co.)
His Lordship's Leopard, an extravaganza, by David Dwight
Wells, $1.50. --The Harp of Life, a musical novel, by
Elizabeth Godfrey, $150. —The Fortune of War, by
Elizabeth N. Barrow, $1.25. (Henry Holt & Co.)
Andromeda, by Robert Buchanan, $1.25. — A New Race
Diplomatist, a novel of the American colony in Paris, by
Mrs. Jennie Bullard Waterbury, illus., $1.50. (J. B.
Lippincott Co.)
Mr. Trunnell, Mate of the Ship Pirate, by T. Jenkins Hains,
illus., $1.25. —The Judges' Cave, a romance of the New
Haven Colony in the days of the Regicides, by Margaret
Sidney, illus., $1.50.-The Forestman of Vimpek, his neigh-
bors, his doings, and his reflections, in a Bohemian forest
village, by Madam Flora P. Kopta, $1.25. (Lothrop Pub-
lishing Co.)
The Cardinal's Musketeer, #. M. Imlay Taylor, $1.25. —
She Walks in Beauty, by Katharine Tynan, $1.50. (A. C.
McClurg & Co.)
D. Dinkelspiel-His Gonversationings, by George W. Hobart,
illus. by F. E. Opper, $1.25. – Wengeance is Mine, by Dr.
Andrew Balfour, illus., $1.50. – The Red Rat's Daugh-
ter, by Guy Boothby, illus., $1.25. – The Gold Star Line,
by Mrs. L. T. Meade and Robert Eustace, illus., $1.25. —
Pirate Gold, by J. R. Hutchinson, illus., $1.25. — The
Glory and Sorrow of Norwich, told in pen and pencil by
M. M. Blake, $1.25. (New Amsterdam Book Co.)
The Joy of Captain Ribot, by A. Palacio Valdés, author-
ized translation from the Šº by Minna Caroline
Smith. — A Wild Proxy, by Mrs. W. K. Clifford. – Old
Raclot's Million, from the French of Emile Richbourg. —
Two Sides of a Story, by George Parsons Lathrop.–
Written in Red, a story of Boston, by C. H. Montague and
C. W. Dyar. — A Superfluous Woman. (Brentano's.)
The Wings of Silence, by George Cossins, $1.25.-Isban
Israel, a South African story, by George Cossins, $1. –
The Laughter of the Sphinx, by Albert White Worse,
illus., $1.50.-A Fair Imperialist, by Wincent J. Leather-
dale, $1.50. (Drexel Biddle.)


212
[March 16,
THE DIAL
The Waters of Edera, by Ouida (Louise de la Ramé), $1.50.
— The Boarder of Argyle Place, by George Zile, $1. –
Elusive Hildegarde, by #. R. Martin, $1.25. – Transgres-
sion, by S. S. Thorburn, $1.50. (R. F. Fenno & Co.)
Tales from Sienkiewicz, 9 hitherto unpublished stories, trans.
by S. C. de Soissons, $1.50. (James Pott & Co.)
The Chronic Loafer, by Nelson Lloyd, $1.25. —White But-
terflies, by Kate Upson Clarke, $1.25. (J. F. Taylor & Co.)
Andy Dodge, the history of a scapegrace, by Mark Prince
Pendleton, with portrait, $1.25. (Lee & Shepard.)
Tales of a Telugu Parish Tribe, by Emma Rauschenbusch-
Clough, Ph.D., illus., $1.50. — In the Cobra's Den, by
Rev. Jacob Chamberlin, illus., $1. (F. H. Revell Co.)
Under the Eagle's Wing, a story of the time of Maimonides,
by Sara Miller, illus. (Jewish Publication Society.)
The Veil Withdrawn, by Burton J. Maddux, $1.25. — Bev-
erly Osgood, or When the Great City is Awake, by Jane
Valentine, $1.50. — The Stateroom Opposite, by Arthur
Henry Veysey, $1.25, paper 50 cts.(G. W. Dillingham Co.)
The Redemption of David Corson, by Charles Frederic Goss,
$1.50. —Sweepers of the Sea, by Claude H. Wetmore,
illus., $1.50. (Bowen-Merrill Co.)
Adrienne de Portalis, by Archibald Clavering Gunter, $1.25,
paper 50 cts. (Home Publishing Co.)
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
From Cape Town to Ladysmith, by G. W. Steevens.—Paris,
the monuments and sights described by great writers, ed-
ited and arranged by Esther Singleton, illus. – Down
North, by Margaret W. Morley, illus. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
Through the First Antarctic Night, a narrative of the voyage
of the Belgica about the South Pole, by Frederick A. Cook,
illus. in colors, etc., $5. net.—A Woman Tenderfoot in the
Rockies, by Grace Gallatin Seton-Thompson, illus., $2.-
Paris as It Is, by Katherine De Forest, illus., $1.25 net.
(Doubleday, Page & Co.)
The International Geography, "# Fridtjof Nansen, James
Bryce, and others, edited by H. R. §.". New Geo-
graphical Library. edited by H. J. Mackinder, M.A., first
vols.: Britain and the North Atlantic, by the editor;
Scandinavia and the Arctic Ocean. by Sir Clements R.
Markham, K.C.B. (D. Appleton & Co.)
Mountaineering in South America, by Sir William Martin
Conway, illus. – The Klondike Stampede, by Tappan
Adney, illus. - Overland to China, by Archibald Colqu-
houn, illus.- º: Practical Guide to the Paris Expo-
sition. (Harper & Brothers.)
Fifteen Years' Sport and Life, by W. A. Baillie-Grohman,
illus., $5. net. (Charles Scribner's Sons.)
Sport and Travel, East and West, by Frederick Courteney
Selous, illus. (Longmans, Green, & Co.)
Two Gentlemen in Touraine, illus., $5. net. (H.S.Stone & Co.)
The Colombian and Venezuelan Republics, with notes on
other parts of Central and South America, by William L.
Scruggs, illus., $2.50. – Paris in Old and present Times,
by Philip Gilbert Hamerton, new edition, illus., $3. (Lit-
tle, Brown, & Co.)
Travels in England, by Richard Le Gallienne, illus. by Her-
bert Railton, $1.50. (John Lane.
The New Egvot under the British, by Francis Adams, $1.75.
— In the Kingdom of the Shah, by E. Treacher Collins,
illus., $2.50. — A New Ride to Khiva, by R. L. Jefferson,
F. R. G. S., illus., $2. (New Amsterdam Book Co.)
Historical Guide Books to Paris, Venice, Florence, and
Cities of Belgium, by Grant Allen, 4 vols., each $1.25
net. – London and ndoners, a guide book, by R. A.
Pritchard, $1.25. (A. Wessels Co.)
Sailing Alone around the World, by Captain Joshua Slocum,
illus., $2. (Century Co.)
Highways and Byways in Normandy, by Percy Dearmer,
illus. by Hugh Thomson and Joseph Pennell.–European
Travel for Women, by Mary Cadwalader Jones.— Hand-
book of Christian and Ecclesiastical Rome, by H. M. and
M. A. R. T., Parts Il L. and IV., in 1 vol. (Macmillan Co.)
Arabia, the Cradle of Islam, by Rev. S. M. Zweimer,
F. R. G. S., illus., $2. (F. H. Revell Co.)
Complete Pocket-Guide to Europe, edited by Edmund Clar-
ence Stedman and Thomas L. Stedman, Paris Exposition
edition, $1.25. (Wm. R. Jenkins.)
A Satchel Guide for the Vacation Tourist in Europe, by
W. J. Rolfe, Litt.D., edition for 1900, revised to date,
$1.50 net. (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.)
A Summer in Scandinavia, by Amelia B. Stone, new edition,
illus., $1.25. (Bonnell, Silver & Co.)
ART AND ARCHITECTURE. — MUSIC.
Dictionary of Architecture, edited by Russell Sturgis, Vol.I.,
A—E, illus.-Handbooks of the Great Masters in Painting
and Sculpture, edited by G. C. Williamson, new vols.:
Correggio, by Selwyn Brinton; Turner, by Charles Francis
Bell; Fra Angelico, by Langton Douglas; Memline, b
W. H. James Weale; Michael Angelo, by Charles Hol-
royd; Murillo, by B. Cassio; each illus., $1.75. (Mac-
millan Co.)
Representative Significance of Form, by George Lansing
aymond, illus. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
Aubrey Beardsley, a bibliºgraphy of his drawings, by A. E.
Gallatin, $1. net. (A. Wessels Co.)
For My Musical Friend,
study, by Aubertine
Publishing Co.)
General Lord Kitchener, a color portrait by William Nich-
olson, $1.- Izaak Walton and his Scholar, a print by Louis
Rhead, $1. – The Treasures of the Metropolitan Museum
of Art, by Arthur Hoeber, new edition in paper covers,
illus., 50cts. (R. H. Russell.)
ScIENCE AND NATURE.
Scientific Results of the Norwegian North Polar *.
1893–1896, edited by Fridtjof Nansen, Vol. I., illus.
(Longmans, Green, & Co.)
Atlas of Practical Elementary Biology, by G. B. Howes, with
Preface by Professor º new revised edition, illus.-
Scientific Papers, by John Couch Adams, M.A., Wol. II.,
edited by W. G. Adams and R. A. Sampson, M.A.— Man
and his Ancestor, by Charles Morris.-The Cell in Devel-
opment and Inheritance, by Edmund B. Wilson, Ph.D.,
new edition, revised and enlarged, illus. – Rural Science
Series, edited by L. H. Bailey, new vols.: Rural Wealth
and Welfare, by George T. Fairchild; The Principles of
Stock Breeding, by W. H. Brewer, Ph.D.; The Principles
of Vegetable Gardening, by L. H. Bailey.— Garden-Craft
Series, new vol.: The Amateur's Practical Garden Book,
by C. E. Hunn and L. H. Bailey, illus. (Macmillan Co.)
American Fungi, toadstools and mushrooms, edible and pois-
onous, by Charles McIlvaine, illus. in colors, etc., $10.
(Bowen-Merrill Co.)
The Unknown, by Camille Flammarion.—Nature's Calendar,
by Ernest Ingersoll, illus. (Harper & Brothers.)
Nature's Garden, an aid to knowledge of our wild flowers and
their insect friends and foes, by Neltje Blanchan, illus. in
colors, etc., $3. net. – Bird Homes, by A. Radclyffe Dug-
more, illus. in colors, etc., $2. net. – Flames, Electricity,
and the Camera, by George Iles, illus., $2.net. (Doubleday,
Page & Co.)
Bird Studies with a Camera, by Frank M. Chapman, illus.
(D. Appleton & Co.)
The Biography of a Grizzly, written and illus. by Ernest
Seton-Thompson, $1.50. (Century Co.)
A Guide to the Trees, by Mrs. Ellis Rowan and Alice Louns-
berry, illus. in colors, etc., $2.50 net. (F.A. Stokes Co.)
Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them, by Harriet L.
eeler, $2. (Charles Scribner's Sons.)
The Chronicle of a Cornish Garden, by Harry Roberts, illus.,
$1.25. – Seven Gardens and a Palace, by E. W. B. (the
Hon. Mrs. Boyle), illus., $1.25. – Birds of My Parish, by
E. Pollard, illus., $1.25. (John Lane.).
Memory, by Prof. F. W. Colgrove. (Henry Holt & Co.)
Total Eclipses of the Sun, by Mabel Loomis Todd, new and
revised edition, with Introduction by David P. Todd, illus.,
$1. (Little, Brown, & Co.)
The Woodpeckers, by Mrs. Fannie Hardy Eckstorm, illus.,
$1.-Squirrels and Other Fur Bearers, by John Burroughs,
illus., $1. (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.)
Lubrication and Lubricants, !', Leonard Archbutt, F.I.C.,
and R. Mountford Deeley, F. G.S., $5 50 net.—Dairy Chem-
istry, by Henry Droop Richmond, F.I.C., illus 50. —
The Metallurgy of Lead and Silver, by Henry F. Collins,
Part I., Lead, edited by Sir W. C. Roberts-Austen, K.C.B.,
illus., $5.-A Text-Book of Ore and Stone Mining, by C.
Ile Neve Foster, B.A., third edition, illus., $10. net.
(J. B. Lippincott Co.)
Dynamo Electric Machinery, by Prof. Samuel Sheldon.-
Machinists' and Draftsmen's Hand Book, by Peter Lob-
ben, M E — Hand Book of Electro-Magnetic Tel ph,
by A. E. Loring, second edition, revised.—Sewage Dispo-
sal in the United States, by Geo. W. Rafter and M. N.
Baker, third edition.—Armature Winding of Direct-Cur-
rent Dynamos, by E. Arnold.—Tunneling, by Charles
ractical essays on music and music
oodward Moore, $1.25. (Dodge


1900.]
213
THE DIAL
Perlini, C.E.-Field Testing for Gold and Silver, by Wm.
Hamilton Merritt. – Hydraulic Power Engineering, by
G. Croydon Marks. – Electrical Engineer's Pocket Book,
by Horatio A. Foster.-- Electric Lighting, by Francis B.
Crocker, Vol. II. (D. Wan Nostrand Co.)
The Wonder Workers, a dream of holy flowers, by A. O'D.
Bartholeyns, illus. in colors, etc., by Delapoer Downing,
$2.25.- By the Deep Sea, by Edward Step, F.L.S., illus.,
$1.25. (New Amsterdam Book Co.)
Flowers in the Pave, by Charles M. Skinner, illus. in photo-
gravure, $1.50. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
EconoMICs.— Politics.-Sociology.
The Natural Distribution of Wealth, a theory of wages, in-
terest, and profits, by John Bates Clark.-The Criminal,
his personnel and environment, a scientific study, by August
Diáhms, with Introduction by Cesare Lombroso.-Democ-
racy and the Organization of Political Parties, by M. Os-
trogorski, trans, from the French by Frederick Clarke,
with Introduction by Hon. James Bryce, M.P., 2 vols.-
Politics and Administration, a study in government, by
Frank J. Goodnow, LL.D.— Principles of Political Econ-
omy, by J. Shield Nicholson, M.A., Vol. II. Part II.,
completing the work.-An Outline of Political Growth in
the Nineteenth Century, by Edmund H. Sears, A.M.–
Dictionary of Political Economy, edited by R. H. Ingli
Palgrave, F.R.S., Vol. III. (Macmillan Co.)
The Principles of Taxation, by the late David A. Wells.-
Municipal Government, as illustrated by New York, by
Hon. Bird S. Coler, $1. (D. Appleton & Co.)
Practical Agitation, by John Jay Chapman, $1.25.-Anglo-
Saxons and Others, by Aline Gorren, $1.50. (Charles
Scribner's Sons.)
A Country without Strikes, a visit to the Compulsory Arbi-
tration Court of New Zealand. by Henry D. Lloyd, $1. net.
— Our New Prosperity, by Ray Stannard Baker, illus.,
$1.25. (Doubleday, Page & Co.)
The Transvaal Outlook, by Albert Stickney, $1.50. (Dodd,
Mead & Co.)
Railway Control º Commissions, by Frank Hendrick, $1.-
Let There Be Light, the story of a workingmen's club,
by David Lubin. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
Government, or Human Evolution, by Edmond Kelly, Part I.
(Longmans, Green, & Co.)
Studies in State Taxation, with particular reference to the
Southern States, edited by J. H. Hollander, $1.- Diplo-
matic Relations between the United States and Spanish
America, by John H. Latané.-The Colonial Executive
}. to the Restoration, by P. L. Kaye.—History of Suf-
rage in Virginia, by J. A. C. Chandler.— The Admission
of Iowa into the Union, by J. A. James.— Beginnings of
Religious Freedom in Virginia, by W. T. Thom. (Johns
Hopkins Press.)
Political Evolution and Civil Service Reform, by Henry
Jones Ford, 15cts. – Political and Municipal Legislation in
1899, by Robert H. Whitten, 15 cts. – The Organization
and Financial Powers of the Department of Education, by
James T Young, Ph.D., and L. S. Rowe, Ph.D., 35 cts.
- Representation in State Legislatures, by Prof. George
H. Haynes, 35 cts. - A Decade of Economic Theory, by
Richard T. Ely, Ph.D., 25 cts. (Am. Academy of Politi-
cal and Social Science.)
PHILosophy AND ETHICs.
History of Modern Philosophy, by Dr. Harald Höffding,
trans. from the German by B. E. Meyer. 2 vols.-Diction-
ary of Philosophy and Psychology, edited by J. Mark
Baldwin, 2 vols. – Aristotle's Psychology, by William
Alexander Hammond. — Principles of Physiological Psy-
chology. º Wilhelm Wundt, trans. from the German by
E. B. Titchener, in 2 vols., Vol. I. illus-Ethics, an inves-
tigation of the facts and laws of the moral life, by Wilhelm
Wundt, Vol. III., The Principles of Morality and the
Sphere of their Walidity, trans. from the German by M. F.
Washburn and E. B. Titchener.— Foundations of Knowl-
edge, by Alexander Thomas Ormond. (Macmillan Co.)
An Introduction to the Study of Ethics, by Frank Thilly,
$1.25 net. (Charles Scribner's Sons.)
The Morals of Suicide, by Rev. J. Gurnhill, B.A. (Long-
mans, Green, & Co.)
THEOLOGY AND RELIGION.
A History of the English Church during the Civil Wars and
under the Commonwealth, 1640–1660, by William A.
Shaw. Litt.D., 2 vols.-The Last Years of St. Paul, by the
Abbé Constant Foward, trans. by George F. X. Griffith.-
The Special Characteristics of Each of the Four Gospels,
by Herbert Mortimer Luckock, D.D., $1.75.-The Hexa-
teuch according to the Revised Version, arranged in its
constituent documents by members of the Society of His-
torical Theology, Oxford, edited by J. Estlin Carpenter,
M.A., and G. Harford-Battersby, M.A., 2 vols. – Words
of Exhortation, sermons preached at St. Paul's and else-
where, by Rev. W. C. E. Newbolt, $1.50. – Oxford Li-
brary of Practical Theology, edited by Rev. W. C. E.
Newbolt, new vols.: Confirmation, by Rt Rev. A. C. A.
Hall, D. D.; The History of the Book of Common
Prayer, by Rev. Leighton Pullan, M.A.-Studies in
the Character of Christ, by Rev. C. H. Robinson, M.A.,
$1.25. — An Essay toward Faith, by Wilford L. Rob-
bins, D.D., $1. — The Followers of the Lamb, a series
of meditations, by Rev. R. M. Benson, M.A., $1.50.-
Marriage Addresses and Marriage Hymns. compiled by
Rev. O. P. Wardell-Yerburgh. M.A.—The Wedding Gift,
a devotional manual for the married or those intending to
marry, by William Edward Heygate, M.A., third edition,
revised, $1.- The Redemption of War. sermons preached
in the Cathedral Church of Christ, by Francis Paget, D.D.,
90 cts.-The Primitive Saints and the See of Rome, by
F. W. Puller, with Preface by Edward, Lord Bishop of Lin-
coln. third edition. revised and enlarged.-The Church and
the Ministry, by Rev. Charles Gore, D.D., fourth edition,
revised and with new Preface. (Longmans, Green, & Co.)
Christ in Modern Society. by Newell Dwight Hillis, D.D.—
An Introduction to the Books of the New Testament, by
Benjamin Wisner Bacon, Litt.D.—Churchman's Library,
edited by John Henry Burn, new vol : Some Old Testa-
ment Problems, by †† P. Peters, D.D.—Bistory, Proph-
ecy, and the Monuments. or Israel and the Nations, by
James Frederick McCurdy, Ph.D., in 3 vols., Wol. III.,
To the End of the Exile and the Close of the Semitic
Régime in Western Asia. – Works on Modern Theology,
edited by James M. Whiton, Ph.D., first vol.: The Son of
Man and the Son of God in Modern Theology, by Nathaniel
Schmidt.—The Biblical Theology of the New #.
by E. P. Gould, D. D.—Evolution and º, and other
essays, by Otto Pfleiderer, D.D., trans. and edited by
Orello Cone, D.D.—Israel's Messianic Hope, by George S.
Goodspeed, Ph.D.—Studies in Christology, º Andrew
Martin Fairbairn, D.D.—The Rise of the New Testament,
by David Saville, Muzzey, B.D. — An Ethical Sunday
School, a scheme for the moral instruction of the young,
by Walter L. Sheldon. — The Student's Life of Jesus, by
George Holley Gilbert, D.D., new edition. (Macmillan Co.)
A Critical History of the Evolution of Trinitarianism and its
Outcome in the New Christology, by Levi Leonard Paine.
—The Conception of Immortality, being the Ingersoll Lec-
tures for 1899, by Josiah Royce, $1.- The Light of Day,
religious discussions and criticisms from the standpoint of
a naturalist, by John Burroughs. $1.25. - Amos. an essay
in exegesis, by H. G. Mitchell. (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.)
The Life of Lives, or Further Studies in the Life of Christ,
by Rev. Dr. F. W. Farrar, $2. — Problems of Life, by
Lyman Abbott, $1.50.-The Expositor's Greek Testament,
edited by W. Robertson Nicoll, LL.D., Vol. II. $7.50.-
Family Worship, edited and arranged by W. Robertson
Nicoll, LL.D., $2.-The Print of the Nails, by T. H. Dar-
low, 50cts. net. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
Faith and Sight, by Rev. William P. Merrill, $1. — A Prob-
lem in New Testament Criticism, by Dr. M. W. Jacobus,
$1.50.-The Messages of Paul, by George Barker Stevens,
Ph.D., $1.25 net.—History of the Jewish People, by Prof.
J. S. Riggs, D.D., Vol. II., The Maccabean and Roman
Periods, $1.25 net. (Charles Scribner's Sons.)
The Church of the Fathers, by John Henry Newman, $1.25.
(John Lane.)
A Biblical Introduction. Old Testament by W. H. Bennett,
New Testament by W. F. Adeney, M.A., $2.- The State
and the Church. the Baldwin lectures for 1898. by Rev.
William Prall, Ph.D., $1.25. — Helps to a Better Chris-
tian Life, new readings for Lent, compiled by Rev. Geo.
W. Shinn, D.D., $1. net. — The Personality of Truth, the
Bohlen lectures for 1900, by Rt. Rev. Thomas A. Jaggar,
D.D., $1. – Chief Things, by Rev. A. W. Snyder, second
series, $1. – Personal Religious Life in the Ministry and
in Ministering Women, by Rt. Rev. F. P. Huntington,
D.D., new and enlarged edition. 75 cts. net.-Priestcraft,
Roman and Other, by Rev. H. Martyn Hart, 25 cts. net.
(Thomas Whittaker.)
The Pastor's Helper, a complete ritual for the various duties
connected with his office, by Rev. N. T. Whitaker, D.D.,
$1. (Lee & Shepard.) -


214 THE
DIAL [March 16,
Studies in the Four Gospels, by Prof. Wm. G. Moorehead,
D.D., $1. —Christ's Waledictory. or Meditations on the
Fourteenth Chapter of John, by Robert F. º D.D.
—Meditations for Quiet Moments, by Rev. J. H. Jowett,
M. A., 50 cts. – The Earth and the World, by Abraham
G. Jennings, $1.25. — The Vision of Christ, by Rev. Will-
iam Miller, 50 cts, – The Divine Origin of the Bible, by
R. A. Torrey, 50 cts.-Handbook Concerning the Disci-
les, by B. B. Tyler, 35 cts. net. – Thoughts for the Quiet
our, edited by D. L. Moody, 30 cts. net. — The Gist of
the Lesson, by R. R. Torrey, 25 cts. net. (F. H. Re-
well Co.)
Thoughts on the Service, designed as an introduction to the
Liturgy and an aid to its devout use, by the late Rt. Rev.
A. Cleveland Coxe, D.D.. new revised and enlarged edi-
tion, by Rt. Rev. Cortlandt Whitehead, S.T.D., $1.
(J. B. Lippincott Co.)
The Spiritual Life, studies in the science of religion, by
George A. Coe, $1. – Christ Came Again, by William S.
Urmy, D.D., $1.25. — The Post-Millenial Advent, by
Rev. Alexander Hardie, 25 cts. – Protestant Foreign
Missions, by Stephen L. Baldwin. (Curts & Jennings.)
Living by the Spirit, by Horatio W. Dresser. (G. P. Put-
nam's Sons.)
The Evening and the Morning, by Rev. Armstrong Black,
$1. — Fresh Air, by Anna B. Warner, illus., 75 cts.
(American Tract Society.)
EDUCATION.— Books For ScHool AND College.
Educational Aims and Methods, by Sir Joshua G. Fitch.-A
Short History of the United States, for grammar school
use, by Edward Channing.—Source Readers of American
History, by Albert Bushnell Hart, Vol. I., Colonial Chil-
dren.—Extracts from the Sources of English History, ed-
ited by Elizabeth K. Kendall. — A History of the United
States for Beginners, by W. B. Powell, A.M.–Topics on
Greek and Roman History, by A. L. Goodrich, new re-
vised edition. -Zoology, for use in high schools, by C. B.
Davenport and Gertrude C. Davenport.—Botany, by L. H.
Bailey.—Thermodynamics, by Edgar Buckingham.— Ele-
mentary Electricity and Magnetism, by D. C. Jackson and
J. P. Jackson. – Elementary Algebra, by Charles Smith,
new revised edition, with new material.-School Geog-
raphy, by R. S. Tarr and Dr. F. M. McMurray, 3 vols.-
Ethics, Descriptive and Explanatory, for colleges and uni-
versities, by Sidney E. Mezes.—First Experiments in Psy-
chology, a manual of elementary laboratory practice, by
E. B. Titchener, M.A., in 2 vols., Vol. I., Qualitative Expe-
riments.-The Elements of the Theory and Practice of
Cookery, a text-book of household science, by Mary E.
Williams and Katharine Rolston Fisher.—Elements of
Rhetoric and English Composition, by George R. Carpen-
ter, in 2 vols., Wol. II., second course.-Manuals of Eng-
lish Composition, by Edwin Herbert Lewis, Ph.D., in 2
vols., Vol. II. — Outlines of the History of the English
Language, by T. Northcote Toller. M. A. — Child-Life
Readers, by Etta A. and Mary F. Blaisdell, Third and
Fourth Readers, illus. – Chaucer's Prologue, Knight's
Tale, and Nonnes Preeste's Tale, edited by Mark H. Lid-
dell.—Macmillan French Classies, edited by F. C. de Su-
michrast, first vols.: La Chanson de Roland, edited by
Anna Reese Pugh; Racine's Athalie, edited by F. C. de
Sumichrast; Select Plays of Marivaux, edited by E. W.
Olmsted. — Macmillan German Classics, edited by Water-
man T. Hewett, Ph.D., new vols.: Goethe's Poems, edited
by M. D. Learned; Goethe's Faust, edited by Henry
Wood; Schiller's Wallenstein, edited by Max Winkler.—
Macmillan's Latin Series, edited by J. C. Kirtland. Jr.,
new vols.: Cornelius Nepos, edited by J. E. Barss, M.A.;
Selections from Ovid, edited by C. W. Bain.— Macmillan's
Classical Series, new vols.: Selections from Plato, edited
by Lewis L. Forman, Ph.D.; Selections from the Greek
Lyric Poets, edited by Herbert Weir Smyth, Ph.D., in 2
vols., Vol. I., The Melic Poets. – Macmillan's Pocket
American Classics, new vols.: Irving's Sketch Book, Se-
lections from Poe's Prose Tales, Franklin's Autobiog-
raphy, Cooper's The Deerslayer; each with portrait, 25c.
—Macmillan's Pocket English Classics, new vol.: Milton's
Paradise Lost, Books I, and II., edited by W. I. Crane,
with portrait, 25 cts. (Macmillan Co.)
The History of Education, by Thomas Davidson.—The Forms
of Prose Literature, by J. H. Gardiner, $1.50 net.—Short
History Series, new vol.: A Short History of Russia, by
• Mary Platt Parmele, 60 cts. net. — Scribner Series for
School Reading, new vol.: Herakles, the Hero of Thebes,
by Mary E. Burt, 60 cts, nel. (Charles Scribner's Sous.)
International Education Series, new vol.: Advanced Ele-
mentary Science, by Edward Gardiner Howe.—Calculus,
by J. W. A. Young and C. E. Linebarger. — Twentieth
Century Text-Books, new vols.: Animal Life, a first book
of zoölogy, by David S. Jordan, M.S., and Vernon L.
Kellogg, M.S.; The Elements of Physics, by C. Hanford
Henderson, Ph.D., and John F. Woodhull, A.M.; The
Elementary Principles of Chemistry, by Abram Van Eps
Young, Ph.B.; Physical Experiments, a laboratory man-
ual, by John F. Woodhull, Ph.D., and M. B. Van Arsdale;
A Text-Book of Geology, by Albert Perry Brigham, A.M.;
Burke's Speech on Conciliation with America, edited by
William I. Crane. (D. Appleton & Co.)
The Elements of Logic, by Prof. Herbert A. Aikins.—The
Art of Debate, by Dr. R. M. Alden.—A Practical Study
of Languages, a guide for teachers and learners, by Dr.
Henry Sweet. —Specimens of Forms of Discourse, edited
by Dr. E. H. Lewis.-Human Physiology, by Schenck and
Grueber, trans. by W. D. Zoethout, with Preface by Prof.
Jules Loeb.-Outlines of Plant Life, by Charles R. Barnes,
simplified edition.—Lessons in Botany, by Prof. George F.
Atkinson, simplified edition. — The Elements of German,
by Prof. H. C. Bierwirth. — Materials for German Conver-
sation, by Prof. B. J. Vos. – Spanish Prose Composition,
by Prof. M. M. Ramsey.—Thackeray's English Humorists,
edited by Prof. Wm. Lyon Phelps. –Macaulay's Essays
on Milton and Addison, edited by Dr. J. A. Tufts.-Ten-
nyson's The Princess, edited by Prof. L. A. Sherman.—
auptmann's Der Versunkene Glocke, edited by Dr. T. S.
Baker.—Sudermann's Frau Sorge, edited by Prof. Gustave
Gruener.—Goethe's Egmont, edited by Prof. R. W. Deer-
ing.—Dumas's La Tulipe Noire, edited by Prof. Edwin S.
Lewis.-Recits d’Histoire de France, edited by Prof. O. B.
Super. (Henry Holt & Co.)
Nature Study and the Child, a manual for teachers, by
Charles B. Scott, illus.-Heath's Elementary Arithmetic,
for third and fourth school years. — Heath's Common
School Arithmetic.- A History of American Literature,
by Prof. Walter C. Bronson. — The Elements of Litera-
ture, a study of literary first principles, by Prof. Frank R.
Butler — An Inductive Rhetoric, by Frances W. Lewis.
-The Practical Speller, by James #. Penniman.—A Pri-
mary History of the United States, by Allen C. Thomas,
illus. – A Differential and Integral Calculus, by Colonel
E. W. Nichols. – Heath's Mathematical Monographs, ed-
ited by Prof. Webster Wells, Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4.— Fa-
mous Geometrical Theorems and their History, by Will-
iam W. Rupert.--The Bird Book. a reader for grammar
es, by Fanny H. Eckstorm, illus.--America's Story
or America's Children, by Mara L. Pratt, in 5 books,
illus. in colors, etc.—The Beginner's Shakespeare, edited
by Sarah W. Hiestand, 4 plays, illus. – Heath's English
Classic Series, new vols.: Macaulay's Essay on Milton,
Macaulay's Essay on Addison, and Milton's Minor Poems,
each edited by Albert Perry Walker; Scott's Ivanhoe, ed-
ited by Porter L. MacClintock, illus.- Benedix's Nein,
edited by A. W. Spanhoofd.— Benedix's Der Weiberfeind,
edited by B. W. Wells. – Benedix's Der Prozess, edited
by B. W. Wells. – Elz's Er Ist Nicht Eifersuctig, edited
by B. W. Wells. – Heyse's Das Madchen von Treppi, ed-
ited by E. S. Joynes. – Hanff's Lichtenstein, edited b
Frank Vogel. —Schiller's Wilhelm Tell, edited by R. W
Deering.-German Lyrics and Ballads, selected and ed-
ited by James T. Hatfield. —Schiller's Das Lied von der
Glocke, edited by W. A. Chamberlin. — Zschokke's Das
Wirtshaus zu Cransac, edited by E. S. Joynes. – Keller's
Romeo und Julia auf dem Dorfe, edited by W. A. Adams.
—Dahn's Ein Kampf um Rom, edited by Carla Wencka-
bach. — Mairet's La Tache du Petit Pierre, edited by O. B.
Super. - Dumas's La Prison (from Monte Cristo), edited
by I. H. B. Spiers.--Thiers's Expedition de Bonaparte en
Egypte, edited by C. Fabregou.--Scribe's Le Verre d'Eau,
edited by C. A. Eggert. —Selections from Michelet, ed-
itsd by C. H. C. Wright.—Halévy's L'Abbe Constantin,
edited by Thomas Logie. — Cuentos Modernos, by Dr. F.
DeHaan. (D. C. Heath & Co.)
Cyrano de Bergerac, by Edmond Rostand, edited by Reed
Paige Clark, A.B. — Constructive Process for Learning
German, by A. Dreyspring.— Praktische Lehrgang fur
den Deutsche Unterricht, by Von Hermann Schulze. —
Logical Chart for Teaching and Learning the French
Conjugation, by Stanislas LeRoy. - Les Fautes de Lan-
gage, by W. F. Bernard, 50 cts.--Temprano y Con Sol,
y Tres Otros Cuentos, by Doña Emilia Pardo Bazán, ar-
ranged and edited by R. D. Cortina, B.A.-Fortuna, y
Ostros Cuentos, arranged by R. D. Cortina, B.A. (Wm.
R. Jenkins.)


1900.]
215.
THE DIAL
Best Methods of Teaching in Country Schools, $1.25. — 200
I.essons Outlined, in arithmetic, geography, grammar,
U. S. history, and physiology, $1.25, – Pieces for Prize
Speaking Contests, 100 selections, $1.25. — Maria Stuart,
and Hermann und Dorothea, each 50cts. (Hinds & Noble.)
The Finch First Reader, by Adelaide W. Finch. — Cynewulf's
Christ, edited by Prof. Albert S. Cook. — Allen's Medea
of Euripides, by Clifford H. Moore, revised edition, illus.
– Dix Contes Modernes, edited by Harry Austin Potter.
— Mother Nature's Children, by Allen W. Gould, illus.
- Oriole Stories, a book for beginners, by M. A. L. Lane,
illus. (Ginn & Co.)
A School History of England, by John N. Larned, illus.-
Riverside Literature Series, new vols.: Selections from
Bryant's Translation of Homer's Iliad; Hawthorne's Cus-
tom House, and Main Street; Howells's Doorstep Acquaint-
ance and Other Sketches; each 15 cts, net.—Riverside Art
Series, by Estelle M. Hurll, new vols.: Michelangelo, and
Millet, each illus., 75 cts. (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.)
The Elements of Arithmetic, by Ella M. Pierce, illus.-The
New Complete Arithmetic, by David M. Sensenig and
Robert F. Anderson, illus. – American Inventions and
Inventors, by William A. Mowry, A.M., and Arthur May
Mowry, A.M., illus. – Ballads of American Bravery, ed-
ited by Clinton Scollard. — The Elements of Vocal Ha-
#"; by Hugh A. Clarke.—Elements of Ethics, by Noah
K. Davis, A.M. – Elementary Ethics, by Noah K. Davis.
(Silver, Burdett & Co.) -
SURGERY AND MEDICINE.
Surgical Technique, by Fr. von Esmarch, M.D., and E.
Kowalzig, M.D., trans. from the German by Prof Ludwi
H. Grau, Ph.D., and William N. Sullivan, M.D., edite
by Nicholas Senn, illus. - Diseases of the Genito-Urinary
System, by Eugene Fuller, M.D., illus.-The Ophthalmic
Patient, a manual of therapeutics and nursing in eye dis-
eases, by P. H. Fridenburg, M.D., illus. – A Manual of
Medicine, edited by W. H. Allchin, M.D., 5 vols.-Home
Nursing, modern scientific methods for the sickroom, by
S. E. Harrison, — The Medical Diseases of Childhood, by
Nathan Oppenheim, A.B., illus. – The Care of the Child
in Health, by Nathan Oppenheim, A.B. (Macmillan Co.)
A Text-Book of Gynecology, by Edward E. Montgomery,
M.D., illus.-Diabetes Mellitus and Glycosuria, its diag-
nosis and treatment, by Emil Kleen, M.D.—Appendicitis,
a systematic treatment, second edition, revised and re-
written, illus.-Diseases of the Stomach, by John C. Hem-
meter, M.D., second edition, revised and enlarged, illus.-
The Medical Examination for Life Insurance, by Charles
Lyman Greene, M.D., illus. (P. Blakiston's Son & Co.)
Malaria, according to the new researches, by Prof. Angelo
Celli, trans. from the Italian by John Joseph Eyre. —
Training of the Young in Laws of Sex, by Rev. Hon. Ed-
ward Lyttelton, M.A., $1. (Longmans, Green, & Co.)
International Clinics, edited by Judson Daland, M.D., Wol.
IV., Ninth Series. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
Books of REFERENCE.
“A. L.A.” Index to Portraits, compiled under the direction
of the American Library Association Publishing Section
and edited by William Coolidge Lane, 2 vols. – The
“A. L.A.” Index to General Literature, by William I.
Fletcher, second edition, much enlarged. (Houghton,
Mifflin & Co.)
The Cuban-American Tratado Analítico y Clave, por Lorenzo
A. Ruiz, A.B., $1. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
Who's Who in Mythology, 1000 mythological characters
briefly described, 75 cts. (Hinds & Noble.)
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
The Plays of Shakespeare, Vale Press edition, edited by T. S.
Moore, with borders and initials by Charles Ricketts, 36
vols., each $6. net.—Flowers of Parnassus series, new vols.:
Marpessa, by Stephen Phillips, and The Statue and the
Bust, by Robert Browning, each illus. by Philip Connard,
per vol., 50cts. (John Lane.)
The Players' Shakespeare, first vol.: The Taming of the
Shrew, with Introduction by Ada Rehan, illus., $1. net.
(Doubleday, Page & Co.)
Complete Poetical Works of Sir Walter Scott, “Cambridge”
edition, with portrait and vignette, $2.-Rubéiyāt of Omar
Khayyám, rendered into English verse by Edward Fitz-
Gerald, edited by William Augustus Brown, limited €di-
tion de lure. — Sonnets and Madrigals of Michelangelo
Buonarroti, rendered into English verse by William Wells
Newell, with the Italian text. (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.)
Macmillan's Library of English Classics, new vols: Malory's
Morte D'Arthur, 2 vols.; Travels of Sir John Mandeville,
1 vol.; Don Quixote, Shelton's translation.3 vols.; Walton's
Lives and Compleat Angler, 1 vol.; Works of Sterne,
2 vols.; per vol., $1.50.-Representative English Comedies,
edited by C. M. Gayley, in 5 vols.,Vol. I.--Temple Classics,
edited by Israel Gollancz M.A., new vols.; Apuleius' The
Golden Ass, Tennyson's Works (3 vols.), Spenser's Minor
Poems, Dante's Divine Comedy (3 vols.). Herbert's The
Temple, White's Natural History of Selborne, Hazlitt's
Essays, Lamb's Letters; each with frontispiece, per vol.,
50 cts.-Temple Dramatists, edited by Israel Gollancz,
M.A., new vols.: Greene's George A-Green, Ben Jonson's
Alchemist, The Return from Parnassus, Massinger's New
Way to Pay Old Debts, Peele's Old Wives' Tale, Day's
Parliament of Bees, Webster's White Devil, Rowley's All
Lost by Lust, Ford’s Broken Heart, Shirley's Cardinal;
each with frontispiece, per vol., 50 cts. (Macmillan Co.)
Works of Alphonse Daudet, Library edition, new vols.; Sap-
ho, trans, by George Burnham Ives, with Introduction by
ames L. Ford; Kings in Exile, trans. by Katharine Pres-
cott Wormeley, with Introduction by Charles de Kay;
The Little Parish Church, and Robert Helmont, trans. by
George Burnham Ives, with Introduction by W. P. Trent;
each with frontispiece, $1.50.-Works of Edward Everett
Hale, Library edition, new vols.: A New England Boy-
hood, and How to Do It and How to Live, each with front-
ispiece, $1.50. (Little, Brown, & Co.)
The Works of Shakespeare, edited by Edward Dowden,
Vol. I., Hamlet, $1.25. (Bowen-Merrill Co.)
Life and Works of the Brontë Sisters, “Haworth’’ edition,
new vols.: The Professor, Wuthering Heights, The Tenant
of Wildfell Hall, and Mrs. Gaskell's Life of Charlotte
Brontë (with annotations by C. K. Shorter), illus., per
vol., $1.75. (Harper & Brothers.)
Zola's The Attack on the Mill, and other stories by well-
known French authors, trans, by E. P. Robins. (Bren-
tano's.)
Minerva Library, new edition, first vols.: Missionary Travels
and Researches in South Africa, by Dr. David Living-
stone; Journal of the Voyage of H.M.S. “Beagle”, by
Charles Darwin, M.A.; Travels on the Amazon and Rio
Negro, by Alfred Russel Wallace, LL.D.; Cromwell's
Letters and Speeches, by Thomas Carlyle; each illus., $1.
(New Amsterdam Book Co.)
Rubéiyát of Omar Khayyám, rendered into English verse by
Edward FitzGerald, seventh Old World edition, with bio-
aphical sketch (revised and enlarged) by W. Irving
#. $1. net.—Sonnets from the Portuguese, by Elizabeth
Barrett Browning, with Preface by Edmund Gosse, vest
pocket edition, 25cts. net. (Thomas B. Mosher.)
Green Book Series, new vols.: Sonnets from the Portuguese,
§ Mrs. Browning ; Nature and Other Essays, by Ralph
Waldo Emerson; Friendship and Other Essays, by Ralph
Waldo Emerson; The Book of Gold, poems by leading
authors; each 25 cts. (Dodge Publishing Co.)
Books For THE YouNg.
Alice's Adventures in Pictureland, by Florence A. Evans,
illus., $1.50. — Chinatown Stories, by Marjorie R. John-
son. illus. in colors, $2.- The Tale of Pierrot and his Cat,
by Florence A. Evans, illus, in colors, $1.25. —Tiny Tunes
for Tiny People, words by Albert Bigelow Paine and
others, set to music by Addison F. Andrews, illus., $1.50.
(Dodge Publishing Co.)
Life's Trivial Round, a story for girls, by Rosa Nouchette
Carey. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
Champlin's Young Folks' Cyclopedia of Persons and Places,
new edition, with numerous new articles and illustrations.
(Henry Holt & Co.)
The Second Froggy Fairy Book, by A. J. Drexel Biddle,
illus., 75 cts. – The Wanderings of Coco, by Florence
Kingston Hoffman, illus., 75 cts. (Drexel Biddle.)
The Campaign of the Jungle, or Under Lawton through
Luzon, by Edward Stratemeyer, illus., $1.25. (Lee &
Shepard.)
By Way of the Wilderness, by “Pansy" (Mrs. G. R. Alden)
and Mrs. C. M. Livingston, illus., $1.50. (Lothrop Pub-
lishing Co.)
Running the Cuban Blockade, by William O. Stoddard, illus.,
$1.25. (H. S. Stone & Co.)
Appletons' Home-Reading Books, new vols.: The Chronicles
of Sir John Froissart, by Adam Singleton; The Storied
West Indies. by F. A. Ober; Some Great Astronomers, by
Edward S. Holden; each illus. (D. Appleton & Co.)


216
[March 16,
THE DIAL
MiscrldANEous.
Reproduction of a unique MS. of the Kashmirian Athana-
Veda, with 574 photographic pages. (Johns Hopkins Press.)
The Indians of Today, by George Bird Grinnell, with 50
portraits of famous chiefs. $5.; limited edition on hand-
made paper. $10. net. – Famous Trials of the Century,
by J. B. Atlay, $1.75. (H. S. Stone & Co.)
The United States Naval Academy, by Park Benjamin, illus.
—The American Business-Woman, by John Howard
Cromwell. — Wood-Working for Beginners, a manual for
amateurs, illus.-Treatment of Hypnotism and Sugges-
tion, by C. Lloyd Tuckey. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
The Nicaraguan Canal, by W. E. Simmons, illus. – Our
Goodly Heritage, or The Conquest of Arid America, by
William E. Smythe. (Harper & Brothers.)
Equity Principles, a practical treatise on the principal rules
and doctrines of equity jurisprudence, {. Charles E.
Hogg, $7.50. – Hogg's Pleading and Forms, by Charles
E. Hogg, second edition, revised, enlarged