361 с 466,160 CITY OR - MICE *WVERSTA AP ISч THE DIAL A Montbly Journal of 1 CURRENT LITERATURE. VOLUME IX. MAY, 1888, TO APRIL, 1889. CHICAGO: A. C. McClurg & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. 1889. AP D54 INDEX TO VOLUME IX. · · · · · · · · · .. · 64 42 · · · · 33 · · · · · · · · · · · · . AMERICA, MR. BRYCE ON . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. C. McLaughlin . . . . . . 255 AMERICAN HISTORY, OMITTED CHAPTERS OF . . . . . . Walter P. Stradley . . . . . 290 AMERICAN LITERATURE, A LIBRARY OF . . . . . . . . Horatio N. Powers . . . . . 55, 121 AMERICAN POETRY AND FICTION . . . . . . . . . . Edırard Playfair Anderson . . . 235 AMERICAN PUBLIC LIFE, HALF A CENTURY OF. .. Edward Gilpin Johnson .... 240 ANCIENT ROME, MODERN STUDIES OF . . . . . . W. F. Allen . . . . . . . ANIMAL MAGNETISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Titus Munson Coan . . . . . 36 ARNOLD, MATTHEW (SONNET) . . . . . Francis F. Broune .. . ARNOLD AND His WORK . . . . . . . Melville B. Anderson ... ARNOLD'S LATER CRITICISM . . . . . . Melrille B. Anderson .. . 284 BACKBONED ANIMALS, THE STUDY OF . . . . . . . . . Elliott Coues . . . . . . . 201 Books, THE ENEMIES OF . . . . . . . . . . . . . W. F. Poole . . . . . . CALIFORNIA FOR THE SICK AND THE WELL... Titus Munson Coan . . 237 Civics, RECENT BOOKS ON . . . . . . . . James F. Claflin . ... CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA, THE . . . . . . . . John C. Ropes . . . . CIVIL WAR, RECENT BOOKS ON TIIE . . . . . . . . . J. J. Halsey . . . . . . . . 196 CUTLER, MANASSEH , . W. H. Ray . . . . . CUTLER, MANASSEH, AND THE ORDINANCE OF 1787 .. . . W. P. Cutler . . . . DE SÉVIGNÉ, MADAME. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Octave Thanet . . . . . . . ECONOMIC DisCUSSION, RECENT . . . . . . . . . . . Arthur B. Woodford . . . . . 155 EDUCATION, BOOKS ON . . . . . . . Junius B. Roberts . . . ENGLAND FIFTY YEARS AGO . . . . . . . . . . . . Edward Gilpin Johnson . . . . 123 EVOLUTION AND LIFE, BOOKS ON . . . . . . . . . . John Bascom . . . . . . . 59 • FICTION, RECENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . William Morton Payne . 65, 160, 291 FOLK-LORE OF THE NORTH . . Aubertine Woodward Moore ... 157 FRANKLIN THE PEACEMAKER . . . . . . . . . . . . Frederick J. Turner . . . . . 204 FRENCH PAINTING, A HISTORY OF . . . . . . . . . . Horatio N. Powers . . . . . . 261 “FRIEND OF THE PEOPLE, A" ..... Edward Gilpin Johnson 97 INQUISITION IN THE MIDDLE AGES, THE . W. F. Allen . . . INSECT LIFE, STUDIES OF . . . . . . David S. Jorilan ..... 283 IRELAND, THE LEGISLATIVE SYSTEMS OF . . . . . . . . W. F. Allen . . . . . . . 153 ISRAEL, Renan's HISTORY OF . . . . .. Emil G. Hirsch . . . . . . 39 LAMB, THE LETTERS OF . . . . . Edırard Gilpin Johnson . LANG'S LETTERS ON LITERATURE .. W. Irving Way . . . .. LAST OF THE KINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. J. IIalsey . . . . . . . . 7 MAKING OF A STATE, THE . .. . Willium Henry Smith .. MANCHURIA, A JOURNEY IN . . . . . . . . . . . . George C. Noyes . . . MARSHALL, CHIEF-JUSTICE. . . . . . . . Melville W. Fuller . . 128 MUSIC, A POPULAR HISTORY OF . . . . . . . . . . George P. Upton . . . . . . 126 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, THE HISTORY OF . . . . . . . George P. Upton . . . . . . 265 NAPOLEON's RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN . . . . . . . . . . . W. II. Ray . . . . . . . . 12 NORSE TRILOGY, A . . . . . . . . .. Aubertine Woolward Moore .. 200 NORTHWEST, THE OLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. C. McLaughlin . . . . . 79 PEOPLE, REAL HISTORY OF THE . . .. Henry D, Lloyd .. . PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES, RECENT . . . . . . . . . . John Bascom . . . . . . . . 319 POET AND POLITICIAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Melville B. Anderson . . . . . 95 POETRY, RECENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . William Morton Payne . 14, 242, 323 . . 34 . . . . . 154 . 81 MUS TY INDEX. ... · .. . · · · · . · · . · · · . · SAND, GEORGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Octave Thanet . . . . . . 102 SOCIALISM, SCIENTIFIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arthur B. Woodford . . . . . 281 TENTING ON THE PLAINS. . . . . . . . . . . . . Rossiter Johnson . . . . . . 13 TRAVEL, RECENT BOOKS OF . . . . . . . . . . . . Octave Thanet . . . . . . . 313 UNITED STATES AFTER THE REVOLUTION, TAE . . . . . . W. F. Poole . . . . . . . . 127 VAN BUREN, MARTIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. J. Halsey . . . . . . . . 100 VANE, SIR HENRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W. F. Poole . . . . . . . . 316 WASHINGTON THE MAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. J. Halsey , . . . . . . . 309 WEATHER-LORE · WEATHER-LORE ........ · · · · · · · · · · · · · Selim H. Peabody . . . . . . 263 WHITTIER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Melville B. Anderson . . . . . 193 WILLIAM I., EMPEROR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. C. McLaughlin . . 9 · · . · · · . · · . . . AUTHORS AND TITLES OF BOOKS REVIEWED. 329 211 87 156 19 296 Abbott, Evelyn. History of Greece. . . Bolton, Sarah K. Famous American States- Abbot, Willis J. The Blue-Jackets of "76. men . . . . . . . 165 Adams, Herbert B. History of Coöperation Bolton, Sarah K. Some Successful Women . 213 in the United States . . . . . . : Bonham, John M. Industrial Liberty . . .. 157 Ainger, Alfred. The Letters of Charles Lamb Books That Have Helped Me . . . . . . Allen, John H. The Tariff and Its Evils . .. Bradley, Henry. The Story of the Goths . Alma, the Story of a Little Music Mistress. Bray, S. Alice. The Baby's Journal . . . 214 Ames, Lucia T. Great Thoughts for Little Brooks, Elbridge S. The Story of New York 72 Thinkers . . : : : Brooks, Elbridge S. The Story of the Ameri- Andrews, Jane. The Stories Mother Nature can Sailor .::: 214 Told Her Children . Brookes, Warwick. Pencil Sketches of Child Arnold, Matthew. Essays in Criticism, Sec- Life . : 209 ond Series . . 284 Brown, Mary E. and Wm. Adams. Musical Arnold, Sir Edwin. With Sa'di in the Garden 246 Instruments and Their Homes . . . 265 Atkinson, William P. The Study of Politics 44 Brownell, W. C. French Traits . . . . . 328 Babyland for 1888 . . . . . . . . . 214 Browning, Mrs. Romances, Lyrics, and Son- Bacon, Theodore. Life of Delia Bacon .. 294 nets. . .. 243 Ball, J. T. Historical Review of the Legis Browning, Robert. The Pied Piper of Hamelin 214 lative Systems Operative in Ireland . 153 Bryce, James. The American Commonwealth 255 Ballou, Maturin M. Footprints of Travel. 314 Buck, J. D. A Study of Man and the Way to Bancroft, H. H. California Inter-Pocula 103 Health . . . Wir: · .. 321 Bancroft, H. H. California Pastoral . . . 103 Burnett, Frances H. Editha's Burglar . 211 Barnard, F. P. Strongbow's Conquest of Burrows, Montague. The Cinque Ports .. Ireland . . . 47 Butterworth, Hezekiah. Zigzag Journeys in Barnum, P. T. Barnum's Museum and Me- the Antipodes . . . . . . . . . 213 nagerie . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Cable, George W. Bonaventure . . . . . 67 Barr, Amelia E. Remember the Alamo . . 162 Caine, Hall. The Deemster ... 66 Barron, Elwyn A. The Viking . . . . . 325 Calendars for 1889 . .. Barrows, W. The United States of Yesterday Campbell, Helen. The American Girl's Hand and of To-Morrow . . . . . . . Book . . . . 214 Baumbach, Robert Summer Legends ... Campbell, John Preston. The Land of Sun Besant, Walter. Fifty Years Ago. . 123 and Song . . . 325 Besant, Walter. Eulogy of Richard Jefferies 267 Carmen, Sylva. Songs of Toil.. 327 Besant, Walter, and Rice, James. The Golden Caro, E. George Sand . . . 102 Butterfly . . . . . . . . . 68 Carpenter, William B. Nature and Man. . 320 Bigelow, John. France and the Confederate Carr, Lucien. Missouri . 104 Navy . Carter, Robert. A Summer Cruise on the Coast Binet, Alfred, and Féré, Charles. Animal of New England . Magnetism . . . . . . . . . . 36 Catherwood, Mary Hartwell. The Secret at Binet, Alfred. The Psychic Life of Micro- Roseladies . . . . . : :.:.:.:. 212 Organisms . . . . . . . . . . 322 Centennial of a Revolution, by a Revolutionist 268 Bingham, G. Clifton. A Snow Baby ... 214 Century Magazine for 1888 . . . 210 Björnson, Björnstjerne. Sigurd Slembe.. 200 Champney, Elizabeth W. Great Grandmoth- Black, Alexander. The Story of Ohio . . 87 Cer's Girls in New Mexico .. 213 Black, William. In Far Lochaber . . . . Champney, Elizabeth W. Howling Wolf and Black, William. The Strange Adventures of His Trick Pony. a House-Boat . . . . . . . . . Champney, Elizabeth'w. Three Vassar Girls - Blades, William. The Enemies of Books . in France . . . . . . . . . . 213 Blake, Mary E., and Sullivan, Margaret F. Chatterbox for 1888-89. . . . . . 214 Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Church, Alfred J. Three Greek Children . 214 Blanchard, Amy Ella. Bonny Bairns ... 214 Clason, A. W. Seven Conventions . . . . 268 Boissier, Gaston. Madame de Sévigné.. 85 | Clayden, P. W. Early Life of Samuel Rogers 20 210 88 88 292 INDEX. 69 213 94 Onu yun . . . . . . . . . 214 8 ཎྜ 67 Clodd, Edward. The Story of Creation . . 60 | Evans, George A. Hand-Book of Historical Coffin, Charles Carleton. Marching to Victory 198 and Geographical Phthisiology... 237 Colette, The Story of .. Everett, C. C. Poetry, Comedy, and Duty 248 Conway, Moncure D. Omitted Chapters of Farmer, Lydia Hoyt. Life of La Fayette. 132 Ristory . . . . . . . . . . . 290 ) Farrington, Margaret Vere. King Arthur and Cook, Albert's. Translation of Judith. . 163 His Knights of the Round Table .. Cooke, M. W. The Human Mystery in Hamlet 297 Favorite Folk Ballads . . . . . . . . 209 Coolidge, Susan. Clover . . . . . . . 213 Fenn, Harry, and Skelding, Susie Barstow. Corning, Charles R. Aalesund to Tetuan . . 314 'Sea Vistas in Many Climes . . . . 209 Cossa, Lugi. Principles and Methods of Tax Field, Henry M. Gibraltar. 314 ation . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Firth, J. C. Our Kin Across the Sea ... 268 Cowper. The Diverting History of John Gilpin 209 Fitzgerald, Edward. Rubáiyát of Omar Craddock, Charles Egbert. The Despot of Khayyam, in English Verse: . . . 245 Broomsedge Cove . . . . . . . 292 Five Talents of Woman, The . . . . . . 329 Cranch, Christopher P. Kobboltozo . . . 212 Forbes, Archibald. William of Germany. 11 Cranch, Christopher P. The Last of the Hug Ford, Worthington C. The Writings of George germuggers . . Washington . Crawford, F. Marion. With the Immortals 161 Franzos, Carl Emil. For the Right . . . Custer, Elizabeth B. Tenting on the Plains 13 Frost, John, and French, H. W. Lives of the Cutler, William P. and Julia Ď. Journals and Presidents . . . . . . 331 Correspondence of Manasseh Cutler 61, 106 Galdós, B. Perez. The Court of Charles IV. Cutts, E. L. Colchester ... 105 Gallaudet, Edwin Miner. Life of Thomas Dabney, Richard H. The Causes of the Hopkins Gallaudet .. 164 French Revolution . . . . 46 Garner, John Leslie. The Strophes of Omar Dall, Caroline H. Life of Dr. Anandibai Joshee 70 Khayyam . . . . 246 Dante. Inferno . . . . . . . . . . 210 Gerard, E. The Land Beyond the Forest. . 314 Dante. Purgatory and Paradise . . . . . 210 Giberne, Agnes. Ready, Aye Ready ... Daryl, A. J. A Merry Round . . . . . . 214 Gilchrist, Fredericka B. The True Story of Dasent, Sir George Webb. Popular Tales Hamlet and Ophelia . . . . . from the Norse . . Gilmore, James R. The Advance Guard of Daudet, Alphonse. Thirty Years of Paris. Western Civilization . . . . . . 269 Dawson, Sir J. W. Modern Science in Bible Ginn, Edwin. Selections from Ruskin .. 249 Lands . . . . . . . . . . . Goetbe. Faust . . . . . . . . . . 206 Deland, Margaret. John Ward, Preacher. Goethe. Hermann and Dorothea . . . . 208 Denslow, Van Buren. Principles of the Eco. Goethe. Tasso . . . . . . . . . 297 nomic Philosophy of Society, Govern Goldsmith. The Traveller . . . . . . 208 ment, and Industry . . . . . . . 156 Good Things of Life, The . . . . . . . 210 De Trobriand, Regis. Four Years with the Gordon, A. C., and Page, Thomas Nelson. Army of the Potomac ...... 198 Befo' de War: Echoes in Negro Dialect 16 Dimond, Mary B. A Handbook for Pilgrims 210 | Gordon, Lydia L. From Lady Washington Dippold, G. T. Wagner's Ring of the Nibelung 89 to Mrs. Cleveland . . . . . . . 330 D'Ooge, B. L. Colloquia Latina .... 165 Grant, Robert. Jack in the Bush. ... 212 Doré. Bible Gallery . . . . . . . . . 210 Gray, David. Poems and Prose Writings . 330 Dowden, Edward. Correspondence of Sir Greely, A. W. American Weather . . . . 263 Henry Taylor, .. Grimm, Hermann. Life of Raphael . . . 295 Downes, William Howe. The Tin Army of the Guardians, The . . . . . . . . . . Potomac, or, a Kindergarten of War. 214 Guiney, Louise Imogen. Brownies and Bogles 214 Dulac, George. Before the Dawn . . . . 66 Hague, Parthenia A. A Blockaded Family . 199 Dumas, Alexandre. The Three Musketeers 208 Hale, Edward Everett. Franklin in France. 204 Dumas, Alexandre. The Vicomte de Braga Hale, Edward Everett. The Man Without a lonne . . . . . . . . . . . 208 Country . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Dumas, Alexandre. Twenty Years After. 208 Hall, J. A. Glimpses of Great Fields.. 321 Dunn, J. P., Jr. Indiana . . . . . . 269 Hamilton, Anthony. The Memoirs of Count Eaton, Arthur Wentworth. The Heart of the Grammont . Creeds . . . . . . . . . . 72 Harcourt, E. W. Evelyn's Life of Mrs. Go- Eaton, Frances. A Queer Little Princess. 214 dolphin . . . . . . . . . . . Edwards, George Wharton. Sundry Rhymes Hare, Augustus J. C. Days near Paris.. from the Days of Our Grandmothers. 208 Hare, Augustus J. C. Walks in Paris .. 21 Efendi, Ali Aziz. The Story of Jewad . . 68 Harlow, Louis K. Coast Sketches . . . . Eggleston, Edward. History of the United Harlow, Louis K. Thames Sketches . . . States and Its People . . . . . . 132 Harlow, Louis K. and Lizzie K. The Wings Eggleston, Edward. The Graysons. . . 161 of the Morning . . . . . . . Elliott, Charlotte. Just as I Am, without Harper's Young People for 1888. . . . . One Plea . . . . . . Harrington, Karl P. Helps to the Intelligent . . 210 . Ely, Richard T. Problems of To-day . . . Študy of College Preparatory Latin - 85 Ely, Richard T. Taxation in American States Harris, W. T. The Right of Property and and Cities . . . . . . . . . . 157 Ownership in Land . . . . . . . English in the Preparatory Schools . . . . Harte, Bret. Cressy . . . . . . . . English in the Schools . . . . . . . . 85 Harte, Bret. The Argonauts of North Liberty 68 Erskine, Payne. Iona: A Lay of Ancient Haslewood, Constance. Young America's Greece . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Nursery Rhymes . . . . . . . . 214 161 207 ༦ བློཙནྡྷ ཝ བྷྱཱ ཙཱུ 07 10. 14 156 85 292 INDEX. -- : · 325 Life of Amos A. je 242 102 8 162 297 209 270 L 95 Headley, P. C. Fighting Phil.... Lang, Andrew. Letters on Literature . 287 Hedge, Frederick #1., and Wister, Andis Lee. Larus, John Ruse. Mastor . Metrical Translations and Poems . 15 | Lawrence, William. Life of Amos A. Lawrence 105 Hedge, Frederick H. Martin Luther, and Lazarus, Emma. Poems . . . . . Other Essays . . . . . . . . . Lea, Henry Charles. A History of the Inqui- Heimburg, W. Gertrude's Marriage . . . 294 sition in the Middle Ages . . . . . 34 Henslow, George. The Origin of Floral Struc Lear, Edward. Nonsense Books . . . . 214 tures . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Lear, Edward. The Book of Nonsense. 214 Herrick, Sophie. The Earth in Past Ages. 270 Le Conte, Joseph. Evolution and Its Rela- Hervey, T. K. The Book of Christmas . . 206 tion to Religious Thought . . 59 Higginson, T. W. Travellers and Outlaws. 330 Lees, J. A., and Clutterbuck, W. J. B. C. 1887 315 Hill, David J. The Social Influence of Chris Lefebvre, Ernest. Embroidery and Lace.. 208 tianity . . . . . . . . . . Levi, Leone. International Law . . . . Hinsdale, B, A. The Old Northwest . . . Lewis, A. H. Critical History of Sunday Holder, Charles Frederick. A Frozen Dragon 212 Legislation. . . . viisi . .. Holmes, Oliver Wendell. Before the Curfew, Lillie, Lucy C. The Household of Glen Holly 212 and Other Poems, Chiefly Occasional: 15 Lindley, Walter, and Widney, J. P. Cali. Hosmer, James K. The Life of Sir Henry fornia of the South . . . . . . . 237 Vane . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Little Ones' Annual for 1888 . . . . . . 214 Hugo, Victor. Ninety-Three . . . . . 207 Livingston, Grace. Pansies for Thoughts . 20 Hugo, Victor. Romances . . . . . . . 207 Lockwood, Sara E. H. Lessons in English. Hullah, Mary E. In Hot Haste . . . . . 161 Lodge, Henry Cabot. The Federalist . . . Hutchinson, Horace G. The Record of a Hu Long, J. H. Slips of Tongue and Pen . .. man Soul . . . . . . . . . Longfellow. Remembrance Book . . . . IIutton, W.H. Simon de Montfort and His Cause 47 Longfellow. Courtship of Miles Standish. 208 Inge, W. R. Society in Rome under the Casars 46 Loomis, Chester. Familiar Selections from Ingram, John H. Life of Elizabeth Barrett the Rhymes of Mother Goose . . . . 214 Browning .. Loti, Pierre. An Iceland Fisherman . . . 162 Ingram, John Kells. A History of Political Lowell, James R. Heartsease and Rue . 14 Economy . . . . . . . . . . 155 Lowell, James R. Political Essays . . Investing, The Art of . . . . . . . . 45 Lowell, Percival. The Soul of the Far East. 329 Irving, John Treat. Indian Sketches . . 10.5 Lubbock, Sir John. On the Senses, Instincts, James, H. E. M. The Long White Mountain, and Intelligence of Animals . . . . 283 or, A Journey in Manchuria. Lunt, Edward Clark. The Present Condition Jessop, Augustus. The Coming of the Friars 330 of Economic Science. 42 Johnson, Helen Kendrick, Raleigh Westgate; Luska, Sidney. My Uncle Florimond . . . 214 or, Epimenides in Maine . . . . . Mack, Lizzie and Robert E. The Old Father Johnson, Rossiter. A Short History of the Santa Claus Picture Book . . 214 War of Secession. . · 197 Magazine of Art for 1888 . . . Jones, Charles C., Jr. Negro Myths from the Malone, J. S. The Self : What Is It? : : : 322 Georgia Coast ... Marching through Georgia. . Jones, E. Hugh. Smith and Schmidt in Marx, Karl. Capital: Å Critical Analysis of Africa, or, Hottentot Blue-Book .. Capitalistic Production 281 Jordan, David S. A Manual of the Vertebrate Masson, Gustave. The Story of Mediaval Animals of the Northern United States France . . . . . . . . . . 269 Kane, James J. Ilian; or, The Curse of the Matthews, Brander. Pen and Ink . . . . 267 Old South Church of Boston . . . 293 Matthew, James E. Popular History of Music, Keats. Lamia . . . . 208 Musical Instruments, Ballet, and Opera 126 Kebbel, T. E. Life of Beaconsfield . . . 165 May, Walter W. Marine Painting. . . . 209 Kennedy, J. H. The Early Days of Mormonism 72 Mayeux, Henri. Manual of Decorative Com- Kennedy, W. Sloane. Life of Longfellow - 331 position . . . . . . . . . . . 331 Kieffer, Harry. Recollections of a Drummer- McAnally, D. R., Jr. Irish Wonders . . . 48 Boy . . . . . . . . . . . 214 McCosh, James. First and Fundamental Truths 322 King, Harriet E. H. The Disciples . . McCosh, James. The Religious Aspect of King, Rufus. Ohio; First Fruits of the Ordi. Evolution . . . . . . . . . . 59 nance of 1787. 269 McCulloch, Hugh. Men and Measures of Kirkland, Joseph. The McVeys (An Episode) Half a Century . . . . . . . . . 240 Klemm, L. R. Chips from a Teacher's Work- Mead, L. T. Daddy's Boy . . . . . . . 214 shop : : : : : 210 : : : : : : 85 Menken, Adah Isaacs. Infelicia. . Knight, Susan G. Ned Harwood's Visit to Meredith, George. A Reading of Earth. . 327 Jerusalem . . . . . . . . . 213 Meredith, George. The Ordeal of Richard Knox, Thomas W. The Boy Travellers in Feverel. 68 Australasia . . . . . . . . . Meynell, Wilfrid. Modern Art and Artists . 210 Koopman, Harry Lyman. Orestes: A Dra- Miller, Olive Thorne. In Nesting Time . . 89 matic Sketch; and Other Poems . . Milton. Paradise Lost . . . . . . . . 210 Lampman, Archibald. Among the Millet, and Mitchell, S. Weir. A Masque, and Other Poems 16 Other Poems . . . . . . . . . 326 Moore, J. S. Friendly Letters to American Lanciani, Rodolpho Ancient Rome in the Farmers and Others . . . . . . . 156 Light of Recent Discoveries . . . . 238 Morley, Henry. English Writers . . 22, 1:32 Landor, Walter Savage. The Pantameron, etc. 164 | Mosby, John S. War Reminiscences and Lane-Poole, Stanley. Story of Turkey . 105 Stuart's Cavalry Campaigns . . . 198 903 210 210 14 213 16 INDEX. 315 60 214 166 266 16 165 214 248 17 156 Müller, Max. The Science of Thought. . 132 Ristori, Adelaide. Studies and Memoirs . . 71 Mulock, Dinah M. A Christmas Carol . . 209 Rives, Amélie. A Brother to Dragons, and Mulock, Dinah M. A Friend Stands at the Other Old-Time Tales .. 65 Door . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Roberts, Charles G. D. Poems of Wild Life. 327 Murray, W. H. H. Daylight Land ::: 315 Roberts, Edwards. Shoshone and other West- Nesbit, E. Leaves of Life . • 327 ern Wonders . . . . Nesmith, J. E. Monadnoc and other Sketches Robinson, Ezekieh Gilman. Principles and in Verse : : :.. 324 Practice of Morality . Newton, Richard. Bible Animals and the Rogers, James E. Thorold. The Economic In- Lessons Taught by Them . . . 214 terpretation of History . . . 258 Neymark, Alfred. Public Debts of Europe. 45 Rogers, James E. Thorold. The Story of Ninette: An Idyll of Provence. . 162 Holland . . . . . . . . . 268 Ober, F. A. The Knockabout Club in the Romanes, George John. Mental Evolution in Antilles . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Man . . . . . . . . 52% Oliphant, Lawrence. Scientific Religion . . 320 Roosevelt, Theodore. Gouverneur Morris . Opper, F. and Emma A. Patchwork in Pic- Roosevelt, Theodore. Ranch Life and the tures and Print . . . . . . . . Hunting Trail . . . . . . . . . 209 Optic, Oliver. Taken by the Enemy... 214 Ruete, Emily. Memoirs of an Arabian Princess 70 O'Rell, Max. John Bull, Junior; or, French Rupert, W. W. The History and the Consti- as She is Traduced . . . . . . . 22 tution of the United States . . . . O’Rell, Max. Jonathan and His Continent. 296 Ruskin, John. The King of the Golden Osborne, Dorothy. Letters to Sir William River . . . . . . . . . . . Temple . . . . . Russell, Irwin. Poems . Panin, Ivan. Poems by Alexander Pushkin . 246 Sanders, Lloyd C. Life of Palmerston . Pansy for 1888. . . Sargent, Lewis. The Government Year Book 45 Paris, Compte de. History of the Civil War Schaff, Philip. Church and State . . . . 45 in America . . . . . . . . 33 Schindler, Solomon. Dissolving Views in the Patrick, G. T. W. Fragments of the Work History of Judaism . . . . . . . 248 of Heraclitus of Ephesus on Nature. 295 Seidel, Robert. Industrial Instruction a Peda- Payson, Edward. The Law of Equivalents . gogic and a Social Necessity . . . . 84 Peacock, Thomas Brower. Poems of the Serviss, Garett P. Astronomy with an Opera Plains and Songs of the Solitudes. . Glass . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Pellew, George. In Castle and Cabin . 163 Sharp, William, Sonnets of this Century . . Philpott, Henry J. Tariff Chats . . . . Shaw, Albert. The National Revenues.. Piatt, John James. Lyrics and Idyls of the Sheldon, Louise Vescelius. Yankee Girls in Ohio Valley . Zulu Land : Piatt, Sarah M. B. The Witch in the Glass . 324 Shepard, Edward M. Martin Van Buren .. 100 Political Science Quarterly, April, 1888. . 43 | Shirley, Penn. Little Miss Weasy's Brother 213 Poole, William F. Index to Periodical Litera- Shorthouse, J. H. A Teacher of the Violin, ture, First Supplement . . . . . . 249 and Other Tales . . . . . . . . 67 Porter, Rose. Mary the Mother . 209 Shute, E. L. Over the Hills . . . . . . 214 Preyer, W. The Senses and the Will . . . 84 Sidney, Margaret. Old Concord . . . 209 Proudfit, David L. Mask and Domino ... 243 Sladen, Douglas B. W. A Century of Aus- Pullman, Margaret M. Days Serene. 208 tralian Song . Putnam, Effie Douglas. Margaret, and The Smith, G. Barnett. William I. and the Ger- Singer's Story . . . . . . . . . 243 man Empire . . . . . . . . Putnam, Eleanor, and Bates, Arlo. Prince Smith, Helen Ainslie. Stories of Persons and Vance, the Story of a Prince with a Places in America . . . . . . . Court in His Box. . 211 Snodgrass, J. Wit, Wisdom, and Pathos Pyle, Howard. Otto of the Silver Hand. . 211 from the Prose of Heinrich Heine. . 297 Quincy, J. P. The Peckster Professorship. 293 Social Life and Literature Fifty Years Ago , 88 Rabbe, Felix. Shelley . . . . . . . . 247 Stedman, Edmund Clarence, and Hutchinson, Ragozin, Zenaide. The Story of Media .. 247 Helen Mackay. Library of American Randolph, Henry F. Fifty Years of English Literature . . . . . . . 55, 121, 297 Song . . . . . . . . . . 18, 210 Stepniak. The Russian Peasantry . . . . 131 Randolph, Henry F. The Book of Latter-Day Sterne, s. Constitutional History and Politi- Ballads . . . . . . . . . . . 244 cal Development of the United States 70 Reid, Mayne. No Quarter . . . . . . 214 Sterne, Stuart. Beyond the Shadow, and Reid, Mayne. The Child Wife .. 214 Other Poems . . . . . . . . 16 Reid, Mayne. The Free Lances . . . . . 214 Stevens, Agnes. How Men Propose; the Reid, T. Wemyss. The Life of the Rt. Hon. Fateful Question and Its Answer.. W. E. Forster . . . . . 97 Stevenson, Robert Louis. The Black Arrow 68 Renan, Ernest. History of the People of Is- St. Nicholas Magazine for 1888 . . . . . 214 real, till the Time of King David :. 39 Stockton, Frank R. The Dusantes . . Repplier, Agnes. Books and Men . . . . 248 Stranahan, C. H. History of French Painting 261 Richardson, Benj. Ward. The Son of a Star 291 Straub, Jacob. Prophecy and Prophets. ; 21 Richardson, Charles. Large Fortunes . . 45 | Sturdy, W. A. Individual Rights . . Richardson, Charles F. American Literature 235 -Sue, Eugene. The Wandering Jew . Riddle, A, G. The Tory's Daughter ... 293 Sumner, Heywood. The Besom-Maker. 214 Ringueberg, Lena J., and Matthews, F. S. My Sweet, Henry. Second Middle English Primer 23 Garden . . . . . . . . . . 210 | Swiss Family Robinson . . . . . . . . 214 • 17 23 244 214 165 67 nch Paintin: 16 : : : 208 viii INDEX. 214 15 166 07 84 22 19 Talbot, Charles R. Romulus and Remus, a Wadsworth, Wedworth. Under the Green- Dog Story.. wood Tree with Shakespeare . . . . 210 Taussig, F. W. The Tariff History of the Walker, E. D. Reincarnation . . . . . 60 United States . . . . . : 156 Wallace, Ellerslie. Amateur Photography. 166 Taylor, Edward. Is Protection a Benefit? A Wallace, Lew. The Boyhood of Christ.. 211 Plea for the Negative . . . . . . 44 Walsh, W. S. Paradoxes of a Philistine... 270 Taylor, Winnie Louise. His Broken Sword. 66 Walsh, W. S. Poems of Béranger . . . . 209 Tennyson. The Bugle Song, and Other Poems 209 Ward, Mrs. Humphrey. Robert Elsinere . . 160 Thayer, William Roscoe. Hesper: An Ameri Warner, Charles Dudley. On Horseback, . can Drama . . . . . . . . . 325 Warren, George Wm. Hymns and Tunes. Thom, William Taylor. Shakespeare and Watson, H. B. Marriott. Marahuna. Chaucer Examinations . . . . . . Wells, David A. Relation of the Tariff to Thwaites, Reuben G. Historic Waterways. Wages . Todd, Charles Barr. The Story of the City of What Shail We Do with It (The Surplus); New York . . Papers by Cleveland, Blaine, and others Tolstoi, Count Leo. Napoleon and the Rus White, Gleeson. Ballads and Rondeaus, sian Campaign . . . . . . . . Chants Royal, Sestinas, Villanelles, etc. Torrey, Mrs. K. s. Mission Sketches . . . 209 Whitman, Walt. November Boughs... 323 Trail, Florence. Studies in Criticism, . . 131 Whittier. Poetic Works, Riverside Edition . 193 Trowbridge, J. T. A Start in Life ... 214 Whittier. Prose Works, Riverside Edition . 294 Trowbridge, J. T. Biding His Time... Wide Awake for 1888. 214 Turner, Samuel Epes. The Germanic Consti Wiggins, Kate Douglas. The Birds' Christ- tution . . . . . 214 . . mas Carol . . . . Tuttle, Herbert. History of Prussia under Wight, 0. W. People and Countries Visited Frederic the Great . . . . . . . in a Winding Journey Round the World 313 Upton, George P. The Standard Symphonies Wilde, Oscar. The Happy Prince and Other Valdés, Armando Palacio. Maximina . . Tales . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Vandergrift, Margaret. Little Helpers., 213 Wilkie, Franc B. Pen and Powder . . . 198 Vandergrift, Margaret. The Dead Doll, and Willett, Edward. The Search for the Star. Other Poems . . . . . . . . . Wilstach, John Augustine. The Divine Com- Van Eichendorff, Joseph F. Leaves from the edy of Dante . . . . . . . . . Life of a Good-for-Nothing . . . . Winn, Henry. Property in Land .. Venable, W. H. Footprints of the Pioneers Winsor, Justin. Narrative and Critical His- in the Ohio Valley . . . . . . toty of America, Volume VII. . . . Verestchagin, Alexander Vassili. At Home Woodward, C. The Manual Training School 83 and in War, 1853-– 1881 . . . Wordsworth. The Prelude .. Verne, Jules. The Adventures of a Chinaman 212 Wormeldy, Katharine Prescott. The Other Waddington, Samuel. The Sonnets of Europe 244 Side of War ..:: : : : : : Wadsworth, Wedworth. Through Wood and Field with Tennyson . . . . . . 210 | Yonge, Miss. Life of Hannah More . . . 20 14 69 212 4.5 46 127 131 Worthington's Annual for iooo : : : : : 199 . . . . 214 LITERARY NOTES AND News ... . . . . . . . . . . . . 133, 271, 298, 331 TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS ........ 23, 48, 72, 89, 107, 135, 166, 249, 272, 299, 332 Books OF THE MONTH ......... 23, 48, 73, 89, 107, 136, 166, 215, 249, 273, 299, 333 THE DIAL 2 Montbly Journal of Current Literature. PUBLISHED BY A. C. MCCLURG & CO. CHICAGO, MAY, 1888. (VOL. IX., No. 97.) TERMS-$1.50 PER YEAR. NOW READY. AN IMPORTANT WORK. VOLUME IV. OF THE History of the Civil Warin America By the COMTE DE PARIS. With Frontispiece Portrait of the COMTE DE PARIS. The fourth volume embraces and covers one of the most interesting periods of the War, describing the Entire Operations in Eastern Tennessee; The Tullahoma Campaign and Cum. berland Gap; The Battle of Chickamauga; The Siege of Chattanooga; The Battle of Wau- hatcbie; Fort Sanders; The Siege and Relief of Knoxville; Lookout Mountain; Missionary Ridge; Siege Operations at Charleston; The Campaigns in Missouri and Kansas; Fort Pillow; Mansfield; and Banks's Red River Campaign. IN THE FOLLOWING STYLES OF BINDING: 8vo. Navy Blue Cloth, . . . . . . . $3.50 Sheep, Library Style, . . . . . . . . $4.50 Red Cloth, extra, Roxburgh Style, uncut edges, 3.50 | Half Turkey Morocco, . . . . . . . 6.00 Also volumes I., II., III. and IV. put up in a neat box-price per volume as above. This set contains all the maps faithfully engraved from the originals and printed in three colors. No library, public or private, is complete without this great work. ALSO, A NEW BOOK BY HARRY CASTLEMON. Snagged and Sunk; or, The Adventures of a Canvas Canoe. By Harry CASTLEMON. Illustrated 16mo. Cloth extra, black and gold, $1.25. A NEW BOOK FOR GIRLS. My Mother's Enemy. By Lucy C. LILLIE. 12mo. Cloth extra, $1.50. “My Mother's Enemy,” by Lucy C. Lillie, author of “Nan,” “The Story of Music and Musicians," “Joe's Opportunity,” and other popular books for the young, fills a gap long felt in both Sunday School and household libraries. It may be termed a young novel, the characters for the most part belonging to that period of life just between the school room and the parlor. A NEW EDITION OF Amateur Photographer. Being a hand-book for all lovers of that delightful amusement. By ELLERSLIE WALLACE, JR. 12mo. Morocco flexible, sprinkled edges, $1.00. The Third Edition of the Amateur Photographer contains an account of the more important povel- ties to which attention has been directed during the last two or three years, such as the Magnesium Flash Light, Secret and Detective Cameras, New and Reliable Methods of Intensifying the Gelatine Plate, Orthochromatic Photography, etc., etc. PORTER & COATES, PUBLISHERS, For sale by all booksellers. PHILADELPHIA, PA. THE DIAL [May, BALZAC'S NOVELS IN ENGLISH. This enterprise, inaugurated two years since by the publication of “ Père Goriot,” has now reached the ninth volume. Success has attended it from the first, due almost entirely to the masterly translations of Miss WORMELEY, by whom they have all been done. The New York Tribune of April 22d, in a review of the new volume, just published, says: "Modeste Mignon' is excellently translated by Miss Wormeley, who is specially qualified for the work she has undertaken by a genuine sympathy for her anthor. Upon the possession of this sympathy, which itself derives from clear understanding, all true success in translation may indeed be said to depend. The reply of the Earth Spirit to Faust: Thou'rt like the spirit thou comprehendest; not me'-might be applied here. A sympathetic translator is, however, also one who is content to subordinate great gifts to the interpretation and illustration of another mind; and this is a combination rare enough in literature to make the attainment of really excellent translations almost as difficult as the attainment of real excellence in creative work. That the conjunction of sympathy with intellectual power and self-sacrifice has been found in the present case is evident; and it ought to impel the American public so to justify the enterprise of the publishers that they will continue to issue these admirable translations so long as Miss Wormeley's patience and enthusiasm hold out. "There is an educational value in the translation of Balzac into English which it will be well not to overlook. It is full time the truth was everywhere perceived that this writer surpasses all others in fiction by as much as Shakespeare surpasses all others in poetry. Nothing can be more injurious to the interest of art than the acceptance of the modern heresy that since Balzac's time there has been an advance in the quality, the methods, or the aims of fiction. The fact is that since Balzac's time n the great Frenchman; and it is not less a fact that the literary product of the generation now on the scene has so far been distinctly inferior in essentials to that of the period immediately succeeding Balzac's. The latter showed the world what realism is. No one, either before or since, has interpreted it with his force or his logical com. pleteness. Yet we are drifting every year further from the landmarks Balzac set up, and modern France, with these guides in full sight, contents itself with the naked nastiness of Zola and the morbid psychology of Bourget, while outside of France time and energy are wasted in the futile endeavor to make it appear that it is better and higher art to examine one side of one phase of life through a hole in a shutter than to go out into the open air and sunshine and look all round human activity. "No timelier or wholesomer tonic than Balzac in English could be furnished or taken in the circumstances. There is no man of letters living to-day so well equipped, so buttressed in his ideas, that he can learn nothing from Balzac. In regard to the methods of observation, the details of composition, the thoroughness of preparation, the scope of the outlook, the suppleness and elasticity of the creative processes, he may be studied with immense and continned advantage by all who aspire to write fiction. We have had lately a disgusting attempt to draw peasant life in France by that gutter-artist, Zola. Nearly fifty years ago Balzac did what Zola has failed to do, and in Les Paysans' produced a masterpiece, the accuracy and naturalness of which are more and more perceived as consci. entious effort towards a real comprehension of the subject advanced. Perhaps Roberts Brothers and Miss Wormeley will some of these days put that admirable work into English. They cannot give us too many volumes from the Comedie Humaine,' even though their enterprise should embrace the whole of that great undertaking. Balzac is So various that almost every one of his books illustrates some new facet of his genius, and we can conceive no better remedy for the mischievous doctrines now being upheld in regard to fiction in many places than honest study of this master embodies." THE FOLLOWING NOVELS ARE NOW READY: PERE GORIOT. THE DUCHESSE DE LANGEAIS. EUGENIE GRANDET. THE ALKAHEST. THE COUNTRY DOCTOR. The Two BROTHERS. Cousin Pons. RISE AND FALL OF CESAR BIROTTEAU. MODESTE MIGNON. NEARLY READY: The Magic Skin (Peau De Chagrin). Handsome 12mo volumes, bound in half Russia, French style. Price, $1.50 each. ROBERTS BROTHERS' NEW BOOKS. The Ordeal of Richard Feverel. History of the People of Israel, A History of a Father and Son. By GEORGE MERE Till the time of King David. By ERNEST RENAN, -DITH. Author's Popular Edition. 16mo, cloth. author of “Life of Jesus.” Demy 8vo, cloth. Price, $1.50. Price, $2.50. This new edition will be completed in 10 uniform Hannah More. volumes. By CHARLOTTE M. YONGE. (Famous Women Series.) Martin Luther, and Other Essays. 16mo, cloth. Price, $1.00. By FREDERICK HENRY HEDGE. 12mo, cloth. Price, The Early Life of Samuel Rogers, $2.00. Author of “The Pleasures of Memory.” By P. W. London of To-day. 1888. CLAYDEN. 12mo, cloth. Price, $i.75. With illustrations. By CHARLES E. PASCOE. 12mo, cloth. Price, $1.50. New England Legends and Folk-lore, In Prose and Poetry. With 100 effective character The Study of Politics. illustrations, from designs by Merrill and others. By Prof. W. P. ATKINSON, author of “On History A new and cheaper edition, uniform with “Old and the Study of History,” “Right Use of Books," Landmarks of Boston and Middlesex." 12mo, etc. 16mo, cloth. Price, 50 cents. cloth. Price, $2.00. · ROBERTS BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS, Boston. 1888.) THE DIAL LONGMANS, GREEN & Co., D. APPLETON & CO. Evolution and its Relation to Religious LONDON AND NEW YORK, HAVE JUST PUBLISHED: HAVE JUST PUBLISHED: Correspondence of Sir Henry Taylor. Edited by EDWARD DOWDEN. Crown 8vo, cloth, Thought $2.50. “Full of interest. ... (Sir Henry Taylor) was well | by JOSEPH LE CONTE, Professor of Geology on towards ninety when he died, and for by far the and Natural History in the University of greater part of that time he had known every body best worth knowing in England."-Daily News. California; author of “Elements of Geol. "A volume in which there is something interesting or ogy,” “Religion and Science," etc. With instructive in almost every page."-Times. No book of correspondence which has lately appeared numerous illustrations. 12mo, cloth. Price, will better repay perusal, or give more pleasure to the reader, than this."-Scotsman. $1.50. “Much, very much has been written, especially on the The Long White Mountain ; nature and the evidence of evolution, but the literature Or, A JOURNEY IN MANCHURIA, with an Account of is so voluminous, much of it so fragmentary, and most of it go technical, that even very intelligent persons the History, Administration, and Religion of that have still very vague ideas on the subject. ' I have at. Province. By H. E. JAMES, of Her Majesty's tempted to give (1) a very concise account of what we Bombay Civil Service. With a Map. Ten full mean by evolution, (2) an outline of the evidences of its page illustrations, and twenty-eight illustrations truth drawn from many different soucres, and (3) its in the text. 8vo, cloth, $6.00. relation to fundamnental religious beliefs."-Extract from Preface, “ The volume is very readable.... It approaches that empire (China) from a fresh direction, and places II. the people and land in a new light."- New York Times. .. A lucid and comprehensive account of the “Good Form” in England. history, people, administration, and religion of that country. -N. Y. Sun. By an American, resident in the United King- “Readers in search of something new, students, poli. ticians, and geographers may all protit by the perusal of dom. 12mo, cloth. Price, $1.50. this book."-Spectator. CONTENTS: The Order of Precedence; Professions; “A volume which will rank high among the most inter- esting books of travel produced in recent years... The Occupations; Government; Society; Language; book is a most modest record of manly travel, and is of Correspondence; Visits and Visiting-Cards; Sports; permanent value for its careful and accurate account of the little-known country which now alone separates Games; General Information. China from Russia."-Times. " The raison d'être of this book is to provide Americans A ROMANCE BY A NEW WRITER. ---and especially those visiting England-with a concise, Marahuna. comprehensive, and comprehensible hand-book which will give them all necessary information respecting By H. B. MARRIOTT WATSON. 12mo, cloth, $1.25. • how things are' in England. While it deals with sub. 1. Marahuna' is a notable addition to the strange tales jects connected with all ranks and classes, it is particu. called out by the recent romantic revival. The author larly intended to be an exhibit and explanation of the shows a peculiar psychological insight into the myster. ys, babits, customs, and usages of what is known in ies of a being from another sphere than ours; for as Un. dine was a water-spirit, so Marahuna is a fire-maiden. England as high life.' Such being the society to which The wierd story of her adventures among ordinary American ladies and gentlemen have the entrée. it is men and women has a touch of Hawthorne at times, a hoped that the book will be useful to them."- From the taste of Poe, a trace of Fitzjames O'Brien, and more than Preface. a hint at Holmes. The romance is dedicated to the III. author of Elsie Venner.'” Balades and Rondeaus, The Island : A NOVEL. An Adventure of a Person of Quality. Chants ROYAL, SESTINAS, VILLANELLES, etc. By RICHARD WHITEING. Crown 8vo, $1.50. Selected, with chapter on the various forms, .. Mr. Whiteing reveals power of a high order, by GLEESON WHITE. 18mo, cloth, extra His characters have the aspect of life, and his scenes have caught a flavor of the freshness of nature. . gilt. Price, $1.00. The point of the book is its satire. Such good work is “Mr. Gleeson White's collection of specimens of Eng. rare as modern satire goes."--Scotsman. " Mr. Whiteing subdues satire, humor, and idyllic grace lish verse in certain foreign metrical forms that are con. and tenderness to one delightful blend."-Daily News. veniently styled French is curious and instructive, as well as thoroughly representative. ... We must com. The Religious Sentiments of the Human Mind. mend the historical section of Mr. White's introduction and his careful analytical observations on the various By DANIEL GREENLEAF THOMPSON. 8vo, cloth, metres. As the collection itself is derived from every $2.50. available source, from English and American writers. "An examination of religious sentiments in their from dead periodicals and living, books read and books relation to knowledge, feeling, conduct, and education.” neglected, so also is the editor's industry of the most BY THE SAME AUTHOR. thorough and searching kind."-Saturday Review. A SYSTEM OF PSYCHOLOGY. Two vols., 8vo, $12.00. IV. THE PROBLEM OF EVIL. 80, $3.75. The Testing of Materials of Construction. A NOVEL. By HAWLEY SMART. 12mo, paper A Text-book for the Engineering Laboratory, and a cover. Price, 50 cents. Collection of the Results of Experiment. By Mr. Smart's novels are always vivid in description and WILLIAM CAWTHORNE UNWIN, F.R.S., etc. 8vo, stirring in incident, and "A False Start" does not lack illustrated, $7.00. in these characteristics. A False Start. For sale by all booksellers; or any work sent by the publishers LONGMANS, GREEN & CO., | o mail, post-paid, on receipt of the price. 15 EAST SIXTEENTH STREET, NEW YORK. 1, 3, AND 5 BOND STREET, New York. THE DIAL [May, 1888. MACMILLAN & CO.'S HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO.'S NEW UNIFORM EDITION NEW BOOKS. Before the Curfew. #NI dents of American History, especially of the Colonial era. In this volume he gives the results of his researches and studies concerning the motives which prompted the self-exile of the Puritans and the grounds on which they exercised their arbitrary rule in Massachusetts. Directly or indirectly the book challenges statements and criti. cisms which have appeared in some recent volumes And Other Poems, Chiefly Occasional. By OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES. 1 vol., 16mo. Beautifully printed and bound, gilt top, $1.00. r. There is no Englishman who has conceived a This tasteful volume contains the poems written by Dr. more exalted idea of the functions of the critic, or Holmes during the past eight years since “The 'Iron Gato" was published. They have the same freshness, kept more faithfully in view his own definition of wit, pathos, fitness to the occasion, felicity of phrase, the business of the critical power 'in all branches and all the other charming qualities which have made his previous books an unfailing delight. of knowledge, theology, philosophy, history, art, science, to see the object as in itself it really is,' or exercised that power with a more fascinating clear- The Puritan Age and Rule ness or more elegant or charming urbanity."-Nero IN THE COLONY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY, 1629– York Tribune. 1685. By GEORGE E. ELLIS, D.D., President of Vol. 1. Essays in Criticism. $1.50. the Massachusetts Historical Society, author of “The Red Man and the White Man in North Vol. 2. On the Study of Celtic Lit America," etc. 1 vol., 8vo. $3.50. Dr. Ellis is one of the most competent and diligent stu. erature. On Translating Homer. $1.50. Vol. 3. Culture and Anarchy. Friend- dealing with the Purſtans. sbip's Garland. $1.50. Vol. 4. Mixed Essays. Irisb Essays. Metrical Translations and Poems. By F. H. HEDGE, D.D., and Mrs. A. L. WISTER. $1.50. 1 vol., 18mo. Parchment paper cover, $1.00. Dr. Hedge and Mrs. Wister, who are unsurpassed as Vol. 5. Literature and Dogma. $1.50. translators," have brought together in tasteful little Vol. 6. God and the Bible. $1.50. into English verse, to which Dr. Hedge has added some excellent original poems. Vol. 7. St. Paul and Protestantism. Jobn Ward, Preacher. Last Essays on Churcb and Religion. A NOVEL. By MARGARET DELAND, author of “The Old Garden and Other Poems." 12mo. $1.50. $1.50. John Ward is a Presbyterian clergyman, and this en. gaging story brings the sternest doctrines of Presbyte. Vols. 8 and 9. Poetical Works. 2 vols. of Agnosticism. Into it are woven lovers' experiences, $3.50. Vol. 10. Discourses in America. $1.50. attention and to excite animated discussion. The Prose Works. 8 vols., in box. | Negro Myths from the Georgia Coast. $12.00. Collected by CHARLES C. JONES, Jr., author of “The History of Georgia.” 16mo. Tastefully Prose and Poetical Works. 10 vols., bound, $1.00. The delightful “Uncle Remus” stories are but a small in box. $15.50. part of the quaint folk-stories handed down by tradition *The Same. Half calf extra, in box. multitude of readers by their quaint simplicity and $25.00 grotesque fancies. The Poetical Works. American Edi Poems. By EDWARD ROWLAND SILL. 16mo. Parchment tion. In one volume, 12mo. $1.50. paper cover, $1.00. translators, have brought together in a tasteful little book the best German poems they have both translated rian theology into close relations with the best elements the social interests of village life, “the short and simple annals of the poor,” and many characteristic features of modern civilization. It is quite sure to attract marked among the Southern negroes. Colonel Jones has gath. ered a volume of these, which have been current on the coast of Georgia, and which cannot fail to interest a MACMILLAN & CO., ** For sale by all booksellers. receipt of price by the publishers, Sent by mail, port-paid, on 112 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., Boston. THE DIAL Vol. IX. MAY, 1888. No. 97. CONTENTS. MATTHEW ARNOLD (SONNET). Francis F. Browne 5 ARNOLD AND HIS WORK. Melville B. Anderson .. 6 THE LAST OF THE KINGS. J. J. Halsey ..... 7 WILLIAM I., EMPEROR. A. O. McLaughlin .... 9 NAPOLEON'S RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN. W. H. Ray - 12 TENTING ON THE PLAINS. Rossiter Johnson ... 13 RECENT BOOKS OF POETRY. William Morton Payne 14 BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ........... 19 Roosevelt's Gouverneur Morris.-Bradley's Story of the Goths.-Todd's Story of the City of New York, – Miss Yonge's Life of Hannah More.-- Clayden's Early Life of Samuel Rogers.-Hare's Walks in Paris.-Hare's Days near Paris.--Straub's Prophecy and Prophets.-Max O'Rell's John Bull, Junior; or, French as She Is Traduced.--Thwaites's Historic Waterways.- Morley's English Writers, Vol. II.-Miss Sheldon's Yankee Girls in Zulu Land.--Sweet's Second Middle English Primer. TOPICS IN MAY PERIODICALS ........ 23 BOOKS OF THE MONTH ........... 23 iar function it has been to show us the peren- nial significance of battered and time-worn formulas, leaves with us, as he departs, a new and memorable interpretation of that saying which is a stumbling-block to the Philistine of to-day as to the Pharisee of old,—“Except a man be born from above he cannot have part in the society of the future.” Matthew Arnold seems to have made it the main task of his life to become a disinterested critic, not merely in matters literary, but in all matters that broadly concern civilized society. The word criticism, as he uses it in the phrase “criticism of life” and elsewhere, assumes a wider meaning than it ever had before. The well-equipped critic, as Mr. Arnold under. stands the office, is a man with the character and training requisite to constitute him “ that mere court of disinterested review and correc- tion, which every sensible man would always be glad to have for his own activity.” By his lifelong study and analysis of the best elements in the culture of other nations than his own, Matthew Arnold acquired a power of detach- ment from British prepossessions, which is hardly less rare than the miracle of genius. He saw that the Anglo-Saxon race, while it leads the world in the power of conduct and duty, is inferior to the French in the power of social life and manners, to the Germans in the power of intellect and knowledge, to the Ital- ians and Greeks in the power of beauty. He saw, moreover, that no civilization that neg- lects or ignores any one of these powers can hope to inherit the future. And he had the pluck, the persistence, and the persuasive abil. ity, necessary to compel the most prosperous and complacent nation in the world to give an unwilling ear to his gospel of perfection. We Anglo-Saxons in America were very ready to listen and applaud when the preacher told our English cousins of their aristocracy materialized, of their middle class vulgarized, of their lower class brutalized. Are we equally ready to consider what truth there may be in the suggestion that, while we are in advance of England in solving “the social and political problem,” we are still behind her in what he calls “the human problem”? Matthew Ar- nold is now where praise and blame are alike indifferent to him; by fiercely and contempt. uously thrusting back the criticism he has offered us, we can neither hurt him nor ad. vance ourselves one jot. Whether this crit- icism be the spawn of a mind sharpened by rancor, or whether it be the gift of a wise and candid friend, should make little difference to a great and manly nation. Nations as well as individuals have learned the most useful MATTHEW. ARNOLD. Not in the meeting of the hands alone, Nor ripples of a casual courtesy Above the deeps of thought unstirred that lie,- Not thus, stern Teacher, is your purport known To those who in your printed pages own, More than hand-clasp or meeting eye to eye, “A presence that is not to be put by," Speaking more truly than your voice's tone. And thus you go not from us in your going; Some tree of truth from seed cast by your hand Green-canopied shall spread its branches wide, Its vital effluence far around bestowing, A shadow and refuge in a weary land: So shall your living self with us abide. FRANCIS F. BROWNE. ARNOLD AND HIS WORK.* Another great luminary has gone down behind a threatening and somewhat cheerless horizon. The clearest and sweetest of latter. day heralds of light has carried his torch into the great Darkness. The prophet whose pecul- • For a fuller consideration of Mr. Arnold's writings, see THE DIAL, Vol. iv., pp. 121 and 221.-[EDR.] THE DIAL .(May, lessons of their worst enemies. Competent crit by its newspapers. But the majority are well icism is one of the chief elements of education; satisfied with the newspaper as it is, with its it is the rarest commodity in the market and want of taste and decency, with its flagrant brings the highest price. Such criticism is personality. One of the saddest results of our offered to us as a nation by an eminent expert. system of personal journalism seems to have Which is the more patriotic course: to join the escaped Mr. Arnold's vigilant eye : the fact brutal mob of nameless journalists who affect that it feeds the craving for notoriety which to deem it American to be impervious to all is rapidly making even village and country foreign comment; or, on the other hand, to people as public and spectacular in their lives weigh thoughtfully every suggestion that may as the French. tend to render us personally and nationally So respectable a writer as the late Mr. Edwin worthier of “the society of the future"? P. Whipple agrees with the newspapers that Very likely Mr. Arnold was at fault in some Matthew Arnold's chief traits as a critic are of his observations upon us, but he is as likely condescension and supercilious ridicule. Cer- to be at fault in the praise as in the blame. tainly no one whose pet hobbies have been a At any rate, no thoughtful man will think of target for his light archery is a competent remonstrating when he tells us that, if there juror in the case against Mr. Arnold. But how be a discipline in which we are wanting, it is can any disinterested spectator fail to perceive the discipline of awe and respect. Doubtless that, despite his keen banter, Mr. Arnold is a the deficiency which we share with the great critic of exemplary temper, fairness, and ur- English middle class in the sense of manners banity,—a teacher who first wins disciples by and urbanity, counts for something in this ; his sweetness and then informs them with his many think the decay of religious faith counts light. Now that he is gone, perhaps we can for more. Perhaps the very equality that has be calm enough to see that he looked upon educated the commonest man among us to | America with no unfriendly eye. He deemed hold himself rather more than the equal of his us in many respects a plantation of the great neighbor, may have some share in it. What English middle class, to whose energy, strong ever the causes, the phenomenon is most alarm practical sense, and loyalty to duty, he always ing. It has already earned us an unenviable did full justice. He concerned himself so reputation among the nations for flippancy much with this class and with us, simply be- and for horny insensibility to the finer touch cause he saw in our strong and genuine qual- of art and manners. In what other country in ities the hope of the future. It was because the world could a foreign writer of the highest of his faith in us that he urged us to purge distinction be treated with any approach to the away “the common and ignoble, human coarse familiarity with which Matthew Arnold nature's enemy," and to cultivate those needs was handled by our newspapers, at the time of of true human nature, distinction and beauty. his visit to the United States ? In what other Matthew Arnold was much more than an country would it “pay” (for that is the way eminent social and literary critic; he was a to put it) for newspapers to revile their fore great spiritual emancipator. There is a dun- most man of letters, as Mr. Lowell, our most geonless imprisonment in the sunlight and distinguished citizen, has been reviled by the under the free sky; there are liberators who party press ? Crude as public opinion confes sign no proclamation and level no bastille. sedly was in the days of our fathers, that What man of the present generation who sets opinion would not have supported a well a priceless value upon saneness and openness known review in blackguard insolence toward of mind,—the will, if not the capacity, to see Washington Irving. As things go now, how things as they are,-does not owe his libera- long before the old “discipline of awe and tion from some clinging prejudice to Matthew respect” shall have been exchanged for a posi Arnold? Who that has learned a lesson in tive creed of unabashed derision of whatever character-building from a book like the “Essays in human affairs is venerable or pathetic or in Criticism” can forget the day when he heroic ? first opened the volume ? To his real readers Mr. Arnold has told us that we have as good Matthew Arnold living was a cheering and newspapers as we deserve ; certainly those energizing personality ; dead, he takes his who think our newspapers the best in the place with those whose works are the educa- world are not the ones to complain of that tors of the race. Like his master Goethe, way of putting it. What a matter for self- more than his master Sainte-Beuve, he was congratulation to think that, in the opinion of "a soldier in the war for the liberation of 80 distinguished a critic, we really deserve humanity" from the hideous bondage of bleak such excellent newspapers ! Are the news materialism and joyless superstition. papers a true index of our minds, our man. A poet of little fluency and of somewhat ners, and our morals? In every American scanty productiveness, but of rare lucidity community the intelligent and sober minority and distinction; a prosaist who never penned protest against having their community judged ' a dull or ineffective or useless line; a scholar 1888.] THE DIAL without touch of pedantry; a distinguished his “Heroes and Hero - Worship.” His history specialist in education; a thinker who illu centres all its interest about a great personage, minated letters, society, politics, religion, and men and women appear only as prepara- Matthew Arnold holds a place apart by reason tion and chorus for him. Society plays an en- of his peculiar message to his generation. To tirely secondary part to the hero; institutions him, more even than to Mr. Ruskin, it was and ideas do not come within the range of the given, in an age when men had grown obtuse author's purpose. Moreover, this dramatic to the beauty of divinity, to quicken their method of writing history abandons fidelity sense of the divinity of beauty. In a century to the cold truth for the sake of fidelity to a whose dominant trend is scientific, his splendid poetical ideal. Carlyle sees in the eighteenth powers were largely devoted to the task of century nothing but an embodied “Liar and illustrating the perennial value and necessity Charlatan” save one great “Reality," who of literary studies. Poetry will be kept alive, “managed not to be a Liar.” This pessimistic he insisted, by the instinct of self-preservation view of the times and optimistic view of the in humanity. In a generation whose most | man, taken for the sake of an antithesis, also marked superficial traits were incredulity and colors his earlier narrative when he contrasts irreverence, he held an abiding faith in the his worshipful Hohenzollerns with the bad divine elements of human nature. In a coun ages through which they worked their way try where triumphant materialism had buried steadily to a throne. the ideal far out of sight and had rolled a great Again, Carlyle's notorious contempt for the stone upon its tomb, he steadily predicted its genus homo — with the occasional exception of approaching resurrection. To the great, vic this or that hero — unfitted him to deal serious- torious, stubborn Anglo-Saxon race, loudly ly with the affairs of men. The dignity of boasting itself the best breed upon earth, con historical writing, the result of that seriousness gratulating itself upon its crops, its machinery, of mind which a healthy contemplation of the its home comforts, its increase of population, crises, the catastrophes, and the progresses of he was never weary of proclaiming that “Jeru the race produces, is unknown to his pages, but salem is not yet." is replaced by a style which is frequently gro- MELVILLE B. ANDERSON. tesque and sometimes hideous in its ghastly trifling over the hopes and fears of men and the destinies of nations. Keen and incisive THE LAST OF THE KINGS.* as is Carlyle, he sees but one side of the life he When Carlyle wrote his “History of Fried- depicts; and whilst he delineates vividly the rich the Second” he gave one-third of his pageants of life amid which his heroes plot and pages to the fortunes of the family and the strive, he is a stranger to the great heart of humanity which throbs truly beneath the sur- lands of the Hohenzollerns prior to the acces- sion of Friedrich to the throne in 1740. Con- face of events. No man who has not a sympa- thy for the rank and file of his fellow-mortals sequently, his narrative is a fairly complete dynastic history of Prussia down to that date, can recount truly the events which are but the and was until recently the only one addressed outward expression of the eternal progress of to English readers. But there are various the race upward to its own regeneration. Let reasons why this famous work could not satisfy him even, as did Carlyle, read exhaustively the historical demands of to-day, even in that whole libraries and survey with his own eye portion which covers the reign of Friedrich. the scenes of his history,– the secret of what he reads and sees will still evade him, because Carlyle came forward as an advocate rather than as a historian, and wrote his sketch under the historian must interpret with judicial im- a strong prepossession. In his first chapter he partiality as well as observe with scientific reveals the purpose of his writing, and strikes accuracy. Finally, we are now told that “it does not the critical level of his work when he says of Friedrich: “In his way he is a Reality; he appear that Carlyle undertook any researches in the Prussian archives," while « from Aus- always means what he speaks; grounds his trian and Russian sources he had little or actions, too, on what he recognizes for the nothing; from French scarcely anything that truth; and, in short, has nothing of the Hypo- laid claim to official authority.” . Moreover, crite or Phantasm. ... How this man “the subsequent publications which throw comported himself in the Eighteenth Century, and managed not to be a Liar and Charlatan, light upon the reign of Frederic represent as his Century was, deserves to be seen a little nearly every national standpoint and every variety of literature." by men and kings.” The Sage of Chelsea, then, In his “History of Prussia under Frederic in his “Friedrich” writes another chapter in the Great” Mr. Tuttle, while calling attention * HISTORY OF PRUSSIA UNDER FREDERIC THE GREAT, in his preface to the bibliographical deficiency 1740 — 1756. By Herbert Tuttle, Professor in Cornell Uni. in Carlyle's history which we have just indica- • versity. In two volumes. Boston: Houghton, Mimin "Ited in the quoted sentences, modestly depre- & Co. THE DIAL [May, cates all comparison of his own volumes with a and hatred which his wholesale mendacity had work from so masterly a pen as Carlyle's. Yet wrought. The truth is that the man who as we venture to place his work, so far as finished, crown-prince could write the “Anti-Machia- alongside the master's," and to say that what | vel," and portray the model prince as one who we have tried to indicate as the lack in Car- should keep faith with his people and his lyle's work is in good measure supplied by the neighbors and rule his domains not as a per- American historian. Mr. Tuttle is writing a sonal possession but as a trust, was himself the history which, in his own words, shall describe incarnation of Machiavelli's “Prince.” The “the life of Prussia as a state, the development fact that he brought the highest ability to his of polity, the growth of institutions, the pro- task and raised Prussia temporarily to a com- gress of society.” Four years ago appeared a manding position among the nations should first volume, which brought the narrative down not conceal from us that his rule was a per- to the accession of Frederic the Great; and sonal tyranny, that this cold inflexible impera- historical critics were at once conscious that tor was an utterly selfish and unscrupulous a new master, of the critical school of Ranke dictator, winning no cordial allies, owning no and Freeman and Stubbs, had appeared. One genuine friendships, but living in a Sahara of of the most difficult sections of European his distrust and suspicion produced by his own tory, in its obscurity, its incoherence, its dif- faithlessness. His superb faith in himself, fuseness, was there handled with a skill which which wavered but once, after the disaster of left one in doubt which most to admire, the Kunersdorf, and his military genius, were the insight, or the judiciousness, or the constructive forces that bore him successfully, in the face of power shown. Out of the chaos of Prussian a hostile Europe, to the front rank of imperial chronicle came not merely a coherent political kings. This military genius is ably analyzed history, but the constitutional and, to a certain by Mr. Tuttle in a passage where the weakness extent, the social life of a people who were to | of Frederic's strategy is offset by the bril- rule Germany because of the resources of liancy of his tactics. “It was his conduct of strength underlying the surface appearance a battle, not of a campaign, his demeanor in which they presented to the mere annalist. the face of the enemy, not his skill in the crea- The work has now been continued to the be tion of favorable conditions, that gives him ginning of the Seven Years' War. A fourth the name of a great general.” volume will cover the period of that war, while The first of these new volumes is entirely a fifth will complete the reign of Frederic the occupied with the affairs of tortuous diplo- Great. macy and brilliant fighting; the second con- We welcome the present volumes as a tains in two masterly chapters the author's serious and valuable contribution to the history most valuable contributions to Prussian his- of an important epoch. Whilst Mr. Tuttle is tory in the eighteenth century. Taking ad- not a master of that pyrotechnic style in vantage of the lull in politics which for nearly. which Carlyle has never been equalled, he is ten years followed the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, a safer guide. Carlyle, like Taine on English he turns our attention to “Recuperation and Literature, should be read after a matured Reform" and “Civil and Judicial Organiza- judgment is made up. The volumes under tion.” It is with such portions of his subject review will become the standard history of that Mr. Tuttle is fully at home, as his preface their subject. Written in an easy style, they indicates his purpose to be. Claiming no recount their narrative in a deliberate yet special military knowledge, he yet carries his sympathetic manner. The writer has a graphic reader, without much tediousness, through power in portraying individuals, and gives us the mazes of the military affairs which it in a few touches, which in more than one case would require the unusual endowments of the depart from the conventional outlines, shrewd Count of Paris to render absorbingly attract- estimates of such men as Cardinal Fleury, ive. In the treatment of the diplomatic trans- Lord Carteret, and Kaunitz, Broglie, Bellisle, actions, which must engross so much of the and “the old Dessauer.” But his leading por narrative, he enables us to endure patiently trait is, of course, that of Frederic, and he has the long account of juggling tergiversation. sketched it with no uncertain hand. “Last of But into the field of governmental growth and the Kings" Frederic was indeed, as Carlyle calls social organization, somewhat wearied by the him,--and a “Reality,” too, beyond a doubt; selfishness of court and camp, we eagerly fol. but no more stupendous mis-statement was ever low him, to find our faith amply rewarded. penned than that “he managed not to be a With a discernirg eye and a coördinating Liar.” No man ever lied more persistently judgment he has set before us the organization and shamelessly than the great Frederic; no of the army, the civil service, and the local personal promise, no formal treaty was binding governments; the reform of the finances, the on the conscience of this “last of the kings," currency, and the taxation; the supervision of who more than once almost made shipwreck industry and of commerce; the regulation of of his fortunes through the universal distrust I the judicature, and attempts at codification of 1888.) THE DIAL the laws. Here lies the worthiest portion of WILLIAM I., EMPEROR.* Frederic's work in these earlier years; for If William I., Emperor of Germany, had while the efficiency of the army was the raison lived until the 22d of last March, or thirteen d'être for all the rest, still the foundations days longer than he did live, he would have upon which Stein and Bismarck afterward completed his ninety-first year. He had a built up the state were then raised. long and eventful life. It is scarcely an ex- We wish we could have followed Mr. Tuttle aggeration to say that his biography must be one step further. But he is a constitutional a history of Europe in the present century. rather than a social historian, and we look in Not Germany alone but all Europe has felt vain for clear glimpses of the great substruct- William's influence, and events of historic in- ure of all that he has given us in the social terest in various parts of Europe influenced life of the people. We feel that Mr. Green or him from boyhood. If we except that always Mr. McMaster would have shown us more exceptional blood-and-iron Chancellor, the clearly what the great world, which had no late Emperor has perhaps more than any other part in the counsels of diplomacy or of war, one man suggested European political thought and which merely submitted to all that goy- and directed political action. He was not ernment did for trade and industry,—what this always prominent himself in adjusting the great body of the nation was doing; how the weights that might preserve the trembling people were living; whether any progress of balance between the rival nations. But his the individual was being made toward social, personality, his very existence as prince, king, economic, or intellectual enfranchisement. We and emperor, have often controlled the hands would have been profited by a closer view of of more cunning and scheming statesmen. the toiling and unthinking peasantry; of the Upon the downfall of the Holy Roman Em- quicker life of the boroughs; of the conserva- pire in 1806, German greatness seemed gone tive obstructionism in the feudal strongholds forever. This far from imperial Empire had of the nobles. It may be that this work can- long been a mere pretense; but it was hallowed not be done till a Cunningham, a Seebohm, or a by historic memories. Prussia, raised to prom. E Thorold Rogers shall have investigated the in- inence by the genius and energy of Frederick dustrial history of the German peoples. It may the Great, was brought to humiliation in the be that Mr. Tuttle intends to devote a portion hands of incompetent successors. of his fifth volume to this phase of the subject. William was born in 1797. Among the rec- At any rate, the people of any land have now ollections of his early boybood were the dis- become the preëminent theme for the historian, asters of the war with France, the hurried .and no history is adequate which is content to flight from Berlin, the grief of his noble present merely the politics of a nation or of a mother over the threatened destruction of period. Social, moral, and economic features Prussia, the trials, privation, humiliation, that must be sought for and revealed, as personal followed Jena. Napoleon sneered at Will- give place to national histories and the impor- iam's father as a good connoisseur of military tance of the monarch to the importance of the jackets. And the truth is that Frederick Will- people he rules. Even “the last of the kings” iam III. was rather a lamb in Hohenzollern would have been a small figure in history had wolf-clothing. The army had been drilled . not his tremendous personality rested upon a perfectly. We are told that “there never people persistent, enduring, thorough; a people was more painful attention to the uniform who, through the silent years of their history, length of the pigtails and the equal distance were developing beneath the surface of ephem- between the feet.” But the army of which eral events the forces which were to crown Frederick the Great had been so proud did not Kaiser Wilhelm at Versailles. In these crit- prevent Bonaparte from humbling Prussia to ical days of the new German empire, when the dust. These early disasters had great in- the sword of a line of imperators, passing for | fluence in directing the trend of the young the moment to a dying statesman, becomes Prince's mind. In mere childhood, William a sceptre, and men are anxiously asking what evinced love for military affairs. The events of the nearing next reign may bring forth, we history encouraged this natural tendency. The welcome this new and masterly history of the army received his early and his late attention, man and of the politics which founded Prus- until at Sedan the still finely-drilled but also sian Cæsarism; but we would hail with a manly corps of Prussian soldiery took revenge heartier satisfaction anyone who would voice for French insolence of sixty years before. for us the silent forces of society which, even in the reign of the Great Frederic, were point *WILLIAM I. AND THE GERMAN EMPIRE. A Biograph. ing to a time when an uncrowned Cæsar should ical and Historical Sketch. By G. Barnett Smith, author of “ Poets and Novelists," "The Biography of Gladstone," be able to wield the sceptre if not to wear the etc. Obicago: A. C. McClurg & Co crown of the Hohenzollerns in the person of WILLIAM OF GERMANY. A Succinct Biography of Will. Prince Bismarck. J. J. HALSEY. iam I, By Archibald Forbes. New York: Cassell & Co, . 10 [May, THE DIAL Napoleon is reported to have said at St. Hel he delineates. It is always particularly annoy- ena that in fifty years Europe would be Cos. ing to find that a biographer has not seen sack. Russia is great; but Europe, owing to above the shoulders of the man whose charac- William I., has rather a Teutonic than a Cos ter and actions he purports to describe. This sack cast of countenance. Since 1840, when author has not been afflicted with this inexcus- his father died, William has been a conspicu. able mental myopy. And for that reason, if ous figure in history. His brother ascended | no other, this biography deserves a recognj- the throne of Prussia as Frederick William | tion and a welcome. IV., and almost immediately bestowed on One part of William's character, however, William, as beir presumptive to the throne, has not been fully comprehended. Mistakes the title of Prince of Prussia. Many events of this kind are few; but this mistake is im- of historic interest have hurried into view portant. William inherited the Hohenzollern since that time. These years have seen the belief in divine right. A Deo Rex, a Rege scheming of Metternich, the patriotic struggles Lex was the Hohenzollern creed. But if this of Garibaldi, the discovery of the fallibility were stated — and Mr. Smith has not stated of the Pope. They have seen France change it- it would not tell all. William was pecul- and re-change her constitution, and Russia iarly a believer in kingly authority. When strive by diplomacy, chicanery, and wars, to king he loved his “volk," but he never forgot reach the Bosphorus. All these events have that they were his subjects. Whatever good influenced Prussian history and development, they received he felt they should receive from and have been part of the life of William of him. This element of his character was prom- Germany. inent during his life and often had controlling These facts will indicate to some extent the influence. The Prussian people have more task that confronts him who attempts to write political rights than in 1840. Few of these the story of such a life. If it is to be done have been the voluntary gifts of William'or right, it is the task of years. It demands the have been given with his approbation. In skill and appreciation of the trained historian, 1848, while he was Prince of Prussia, he, by not the facility of the littérateur or the rough the advice of his brother, withdrew for a short ness and readiness of the news-correspondent. time to England, because of the opposition of However' well we may understand and appre the people, who seemed to have selected him ciate William himself, the historic reasons for as the special object of their hatred. This his actions must be known, or he and his ac was not a passing and unreasonable whim on tions are largely meaningless. This statement the part of the people. They looked on Will- will partly define my opinion of the biogra iam as an opponent of constitutionalism. Mr. phies by Mr. G. Barnett Smith and Mr. Archi Smith says nothing of the stand the Prince bald Forbes. But it will suggest an inadequate had taken in 1846, or of his later opposition and perhaps a wrong conclusion. It is an that aroused the people; but the biographer apology for them rather than a complete seems to content himself with wondering that condemnation of them. These books cannot his hero should be maligned. When Frederick pretend to be exhaustive treatments of the William IV. came to the throne, the people subject. But in these hurrying days, few save were longing for constitutionalism; the govern- the specialist have the leisure to read exhaust ment was practically an absolute monarchy. ive treatments. It is of interest to the general But the King was imbued with high ideas of reader to know William's actions, even if, kingly prerogative. Feudalism rather than isolated from their causes, their deep historic constitutionalism was his aim. He continually significance is not disclosed. Let the broad looked behind him. The old was the good. The lines be true, the profile clear and distinct, and people were educated, vigorous, refined; but he who takes a glance as he passes by may the form of their government would indicate carry away a remembrance of a character sil that they were not capable of self-government houette that will not leave him. But so far and needed fraternal care. The English papers as a line is indicated it must be faithfully quietly ridiculed them as a “nation of think- drawn, and one that is started must be com ers." The people began to grumble for politi- pleted. The task is not an easy one. It is cal rights and individual safeguards. As other hard for a witness to tell the truth, unless he peoples began to achieve their desires, the tells the whole truth. Both of these biogra grumbling was changed to shouting. Now in phers have had encounters with this difficulty. all this, the Prince of Prussia was regarded as Mr. Smith has understood that his work re the man who prejudiced the King against the quired his best efforts. He has taken hold of people. The assumption was not entirely jus- his subject with earnestness. He has written tified, but it is certain that the wavering mon- easily and well. A mind capable of appreciat arch more than once leaned on his sterner ing ethical symmetry has comprehended the brother. William opposed the movement to- noble largeness and simplicity of the character ward constitutionalism in 1846. He thought 1888.] 11 THE DIAL the throne of Prussia would be in danger But in general, as already said, Mr. Smith's if concessions were made or the royal pre difficulty has arisen from not giving enough rogatives diminished. He opposed even the rather than in not giving right what he has right of petition, fearing lest thereby the given. All of the events prompting the people would interfere in all governmental | Franco-Prussian war must be understood be- matters. It is no wonder that the people fore its historic importance is seen; but the were prejudiced against him. The wonder author has not taken space to give them. And is that they did not shout more loudly. The though his work is entitled “ William I. and number of killed in the March riots foots the German Empire,” the constitution of up some two hundred or more ; and it is cred 1871 is dismissed with half a page. Per- itable to the Prussian people that they were haps, however, the modicum of praise is not carried away by excitement when once too small in proportion to the adverse criti- blood had been spilled, but contented them. cism of a book fit to be recommended despite selves with kingly promises and concessions. its faults. It is William's relation to the people that It is a misnomer to call Mr. Forbes's book a interests us, his character as exhibited toward biography. It is not, indeed, a book in any them. And here the biographer has missed a true sense of the word. It has the outward leading element. Mr. Smith seems to have form of a book; inwardly it is a gossipy and totally misunderstood the position of Russia, interesting newspaper article, written by an at the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian war, and expert news correspondent. In one way the he says: “Russia did not want to fight Prussia, work is not only entertaining but valuable as and yet she wished to see her crippled because well. Mr. Forbes accompanied King William of her own interests. So with a Mephistophe in the Franco-Prussian war, from the Rhine lian smile, she threw out hints which she provinces to Paris. He was a witness of bat- knew would make France wince and goad her ile after battle, and saw the King amid the into action perbaps.” He forms his conclu trials, fatigues, and enthusiasm of that won- sion from statements quoted by him from the | derful progress. The descriptions so vividly “ Goloss” of St. Petersburg, which he thinks | given are of lasting historic importance, and expresses Russian official sentiment. One they include almost all there is of value in the might be satisfied if Russia's position were book. His agile pencil quickly noted the not spoken of at all, though the Franco-Prus- shifting phases of battle, and has preserved sian war can scarcely be understood without | for us scenes and incidents that would have a study of the international complications. escaped another less experienced. The book But if not historical completeness, at least is, above all, readable. There is in it not a historical accuracy can be demanded. The dry or uninteresting page. famous interview between William and the It is hard to understand why we cannot Czar at Ems is mentioned, but is seemingly escape newspaper English when we escape the not regarded as of the least importance in newspaper. If Mr. Forbes's article is to mas- determining the position of Russia. No men querade as a book, and a book upon one of tion is made of the Czar's nomination of the grandest themes in history, something is William as knight of the military order of due to the dignity of its form and to the dig. Saint George, nor of the toast of the Russian nity of its subject. If we must have a noun ambassador on the occasion of the presentation | used as a verb, just to suit the author's con- of the Grand Cross of that order. Russia venience, it is to be hoped that he follows may not have been averse to war in Central Humpty Dumpty's practice and “pays it ex- Europe, during which she might hope to tra.” If Bunsen must be said to be engaged make another attempt to break her way out of in “bear leading ” when he is accompanying the Black Sea. It is known that she desired the Prince in his tour through England, there the abrogation of the treaty of Paris of 1856; is certainly no propriety in describing King but this she hoped to accomplish through the William's dignified behavior at Ems by so friendship of Prussia. Hardly had the war feline a metaphor as the writer uses when he begun when Russia announced that, if a third tells us that “The King's back did at last be- power declared for France, she would assist gin to get up.” One need not be a purist to Prussia, and King William sent the Czar the be displeased with such expressions. We can- following telegram: “Prussia will never not refrain from suggesting to the author, also, forget that it is due to you that the war did that it will not do to tell American readers not assume the most extreme dimensions." that George Washington was still President It is a common belief that the whole affair was when King William was born (March 22, settled by General Manteuffel's mission to 1797). But, after all, Mr. Forbes has given Russia after the Bohemian campaign. Of | in a sketchy way a very good popular picture all this, the author has said nothing; and the of the German Emperor, that has its places reader is left with an entirely wrong impres and its uses. sion of Russia's attitude. A. C. McLAUGHLIN. 12 [May, THE DIAL NAPOLEON'S RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN.* naked, disorganized, the retreat of the French could no more be stopped at Kalouga or Kras- Man proposes, God disposes. For “God” noë than the advance a few weeks before. substitute "Fate” or “Destiny," and you have All that Koutouzof could do he did. He the key note of Count Tolstoi's recent book turned the flight into the only route that was on “Napoleon and the Russian Campaign." utterly disastrous for the French-the road Beginning with the terrific battle of Borodino, by which they had come, and which therefore on September 9, 1812, in which the French lost was stripped bare of all that could support an forty thousand men and the Russians three- army in its march through a hostile country. fourths as many, Tolstoi follows the course of Four hundred and fifty thousand French events down to the passage of the Beresina, and allied troops encamped in the Niemen; on November 28 of the same year: nearly three hundred thousand entered Russia; one three months of history,-of defeats that were hundred thousand left Moscow; less than forty victories, of victories that were calamitous thousand reached the east bank of the Bere- defeats, of splendid hope ending in dismal sina. Of these one-half were destroyed by the distress. cannon of the Russians, and by the terrible As we read Tolstoi's book we believe as plunge into the river through a broken bridge. never before in the futility of man's plans The passage of the Beresina has become a when depending for their execution upon man's synonym for human woe, says Fyffe in puny strength. Enraged by the Fabian policy substance. of Barclay, a foreign commander, the people Tolstoï's book is a study in the Philosophy demanded his removal. The result was Boro- of History. He would have us believe that dino. The French, twelve hundred miles from “accident,” “genius," do not stand for any. their own territory, could ill afford the loss; thing that really exists, that therefore they the Russians thereby opened the way to Mos- cannot be defined, and only express a certain cow. Barclay lost his place for evacuating way of looking at events. Smolensk; Koutouzof won praise for making “I am ignorant of the cause of a fact. I believe the surrender of Moscow a possibility. Not that I cannot know it, and, accordingly, I do not Napoleon —80 reasons the vigorous writer — try to discover it; I say, it is an accident. caused Borodino; not Napoleon's cold in the "I see that a force has produced an action in- head accomplished disaster for the French, compatible with the ordinary qualities of men; I but a resistless tide of events, sweeping the cannot penetrate to the cause of this force, and I invading army from Smolensk to Borodino, cry, it is genius. from Borodino to Moscow and their grave. "The sheep shut up every night by the shepherd Moscow abandoned; Moscow occupied by the in a special enclosure, and given extra food till it becomes twice as fat as the others, must appear to alien; Moscow burned. be a genius to the rest of the flock. The fact that To us, the entrance of the French to Russia's the sheep, instead of entering the common fold, ancient capital situated six hundred miles has a place by itself and extra fodder, and, once from the border, in the very heart of the ene fattened, is delivered to the butcher and killed, my's country, seems a sad mistake. We should doubtless impresses the other sheep as a result of look for the reason not in the mistaken judg. genius combined with a series of extraordinary ac- ment of a great commander but in a stern cidents. "But if the sheep stop thinking that everything necessity of physical force. No possible that goes on is exclusively related to their own wel. number of troops could have withstood the fare, if they admit that events may follow ends resistless momentum of that body hurled they cannot comprehend, they will perceive a against Moscow with a velocity that con unity of action and a logical conclusion in the fate stantly accelerated as the destination was of the fattened sheep." approached. Rostoptchin with all his conflict The fortuitous or fated combinations of ing proclamations neither effected nor bin events, of accident and genius, which made dered the evacuation by the Russians. They Napoleon's career, are after all but incidents could not stay; they would not have remained of the great ethnic conflicts — that of the if they could, to formally deliver their city Teuton against tbe Gaul, and of Europe to the hated seeker after glory. History de aginst the Slav- a small part in the drama clares the retreat a blunder. It could not of the present century. The play over, the have been prevented. Every day in Moscow curtain down upon the sombre tragedy of hastened the disorganization of the army. the Russian campaign, we may see clearly Like a frightened and wounded beast—to use what a wretched thing men took for a force Tolstoi's figure—the French army in hurrying when Destiny impelled him and his country- to escape its pursuer rushed into his arms. men on to destruction in the dreary wilds of Hounded, disheartened, disabled, starving, the frozen north. In this book Tolstoï brings into strong light • NAPOLEON AND THE RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN. By Count Leo Tolstoi. Translated from the French by Hunting. the contrast between the general and the pri- ton Smith. New York: T. Y. Orowell & Co. | vate soldier. The latter in the mass guides, 1888.] 13 THE DIAL directs, compels the former. War is an ex- | ments of the first year, and in the last year he pression of popular feeling and is controlled had risen to the rank of major-general, led a by inexorable fate. The glorious man of division of cavalry with which he always rode Europe during that part of the nineteenth to the charge, and achieved some of the com- century which precedes Waterloo is reduced pletest victories won by any subordinate com- to Plato's man. Humanity is the power; the mand. great man the index hand upon the dial of Immediately after the war, without even an historic events. opportunity to visit his home in Michigan, be The work concludes with a parable, the les- was sent to lead a cavalry expedition through son of which is this: Man in searching for the Texas, to let the people of that far-off State final object of events or historical personages know that the Confederacy was overthrown, can only observe the correlations existing be- and to put an end to the bushwhacking and tween human life and the other phenomena of disorders that still disturbed its peace. After nature: the great first cause is unknowable. this service, he visited his home, and then “ Canst thou by searching find out God?” accepted the lieutenant-colonelcy of the 7th Such a book is useful. Whether or not we United States cavalry, with which he spent agree with the author matters"little. One can eight or nine years at the frontier posts in not give his thoughtful attention (and to read Kansas and Dakota. In all these years, Mrs. thoughtfully is impossible) to this analysis of Custer was with him constantly, separated motives and events which the author styles only when he was actually on the trail of the “Physiology of War," without gaining hostile Indians. new views. The reader lays down the book “A soldier and a soldier's wife, with a broader conception of history as the They marched through many a burning plain, record of the passions and aspirations of And sighed for many a gallant life.” people and the deeds of nations, not of individ. They saw the pioneer, to whom the return of uals, be they never so good or great. peace had imparted new hope and activity, The translation of this work is from the pushing westward with the edge of civiliza- French instead of the original Russian, but it tion, and it was theirs to protect him in his has been capitally done by Mr. Huntington labors; they saw the vast herds of buffalo and Smith. The book is wretchedly bound and is other game, now almost extinct, still roaming not altogether free from typographical errors. the plains; they saw the first railway making W. H. RaY. its slender mark across the continent, and the untamable Indian still struggling against the == - ----- power that was slowly pushing him to the wall. They experienced the “northers” of TENTING ON THE PLAINS.* the Gulf coast, and the floods of Kansas, and the blizzards of Dakota. Mrs. Custer had the When the great war was brought to a sud- privilege of living for four months in an army den close by the rapid surrender of the Con- wagon, of riding beside her husband in long federate armies, the feeling of relief from the marches across the plains, of seeing a half- long and severe tension, the home-coming of settled country in a transition state between the volunteers, and the necessity for putting war and peace, of witnessing the military dis- new energy into our industries, to repair the cipline of the garrison and becoming familiar waste of the conflict, produced an inclination with the peculiarities of social life in the throughout the country not only to forget the officers' quarters. It was a part of our history lurid chapter that had just been written in our that has no parallel; and it is fortunate that history, but to lose sight of those who had of the few women who participated in it there been conspicuous in the field. This book deals was one sufficiently gifted in the art of expres- with the forgotten sequel. Though the war sion to give us its imperishable picture. Indeed, was over, the need of an army was not; and Mrs. Custer unites an unusual number of the while most of the boys in blue went back to qualities that make good writers. She has a their firesides and the occupations of peace, fine sense of humor, and the power of setting some of them were obliged to remain in the forth that which has seemed ludicrous to her disordered States of the South or hurry off to so that it seems equally so to the reader. She new service on the Western frontier. One of has the art of a dramatist in leading up to a these was George A. Custer, the youngest crisis and at the same time concealing it till general in the national service, and in some the last moment. The story of the military respects the most brilliant soldier of the war. execution in Texas is thus told with consum- He was graduated at West Point barely in mate skill. She can narrate the incidents of a time to participate as a lieutenant in the move- midnight freshet that sets the camp afloat and * TENTING ON THE PLAINS; OR, GENERAL CUSTER IN sweeps the half-wakened soldiers down the KANSAS AND TEXAS. By Elizabeth B. Custer, author of current, so that the reader gets the outward “Boots and Saddles." New York: Charles L. Webster & Co. circumstances and the emotions of the partic- 14 [May, THE DIAL ipators at the same time. She can portray a ful years they have been for the poet, years character—witness that of Eliza—with strong spent for the most part in foreign lands, proud originality, and yet with perfect naturalness. to welcome as we were proud to send the gen- She knows how much of camp gossip to give, tleman, scholar, and man of letters, so well and how much to suppress. She has the rare able to represent all the finer qualities of our tact to tell with perfect delicacy some of the national character in the courts of the Old characteristic but rough incidents of a rough World. Busy years also they have been, filled life, which an ordinary writer would either with the many duties attached to the high make vulgar or avoid altogether. She bas diplomatic office which Mr. Lowell graced so patriotism without narrowness, wit without conspicuously in London and Madrid. In view bitterness, and an abounding sympathy with of the demands made upon the statesman in everything noble in the varied humanity that Mr. Lowell during those years, it would have fills her pages. Not the least acceptable thing been no more than natural that the poet and in the book is the unconscious revelation of essayist in him should enjoy a well-earned her own character as a heroic woman and repose. But Mr. Lowell could not forget that the perfection of a wife. Her husband is her he was a man of letters; he could not thus hero, and it is not alone the feminine portion abruptly lay aside the tools of his craft. So it of her readers that will be led by these alter comes that we owe to these years of diplomatic nately breezy and thoughtful chapters to fall service two of the choicest volumes in our lit- in love with the “boy general.” erature, the collection of essays published a If it be true that the second book is the year or two ago, and the collection of poems supreme test of authorship, we have here a now before us. triumph in literary art; for all the qualities "Along the wayside where we pass bloom few that gave “Boots and Saddles” a sudden and Gay plants of heartsease, more of saddening rue; So life is mingled; so should poems be phenomenal success seem heightened in this That speak a conscious word to you and me." volume, and some are here that hardly appeared With this prefatory quatrain, the volume is in that book at all. It is at once charming as christened « Heartsease and Rue.” Like all an entertainment and valuable and unique as true poetry, it offers the reader heartsease in history. It is beautifully printed, and the text rising to the height of the argument and in is supplemented with spirited illustrations. contemplating the beauty of the unfolded vis- ROSSITER JOHNSON. ion, and rue in the recollection of past joys, of the touch of vanished hands and the sound of voices that are heard no more. There is a RECENT BOOKS OF POETRY.* good deal of this memorial poetry in the vol. It is many years since it has fallen to the ume, crowned by the stately ode to Agassiz reviewer's lot to examine a new volume of which first meets our eyes as the pages are poems by Mr. James Russell Lowell. Event opened. This ode takes its place in the noble series of which the “ Commemoration Ode" is * HEARTSEASE AND RUE. By James Russell Lowell. the finest example. No single passage can Boston: Hougbton, Mifflin & Co. BEFORE THE CURFEW, AND OTHER POEMS, CHIEFLY adequately represent it, for no single passage OCCASIONAL. By Oliver Wendell Holmes. Boston: can exhibit the harmony of its complex struct- Houghton, Mifflin & Co. ure, or the symmetrical development of its METRICAL TRANSLATIONS AND POEMS. By Frederic H. Hedge and Annis Lee Wister. Boston: Houghton, Mif. thought; but the closing lines have a value of fin & Co. their own, and they may be taken apart from A MASQUE, AND OTHER POEMS. By S. Weir Mitchell, the context more safely than most other pas- M.D., LL.D. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. ORESTES: A DRAMATIC SKETCH; AND OTHER POEMS. sages of the poem. By Harry Lyman Koopman, Buffalo: Moulton, Wen "The shape erect is prone: forever stilled borne & Co. The winning tongue; the forehead's high-piled heap, BEYOND THE SHADOW, AND OTHER POEMS. By Stuart A cairn which every science helped to build, Sterne. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Unvalued will its golden secrets keep: POEMS. By Irwin Russell. New York: The Century Co. He knows at last if Life or Death be best: BEFO' DE WAR. Echoes in Negro Dialect. By A. C. Wherever he hath flown, whatever vest The being hath put on which lately here Gordon and Thomas Nelson Page. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. So many-friended was, so full of cheer To make men feel the Seeker's noble zest, LYRICS AND IDYLS OF THE OHIO VALLEY. By John We have not lost him all; he is not gone James Piatt. Boston: Houghton, Mimin & Co. To the dumb herd of them that wholly die; POEMS OF THE PLAINS AND SONGS OF THE SOLITUDES. The beauty of his better self lives on By Thomas Brower Peacock, New York: G. P. Put. In minds he touched with fire, in many an eye nam's Sons. He trained to Truth's exact severity; THE DISCIPLES. By Harriet Eleanor Hamilton King. He was a Teacher: why be grieved for him (Ninth edition.) New York: Anson D. F. Randolph & Co. Whose living word still stimulates the air ? FIFTY YEARS OF ENGLISH SONG. Selections from the In endless file shall loving scholars come Poets of the Reign of Victoria. Edited and arranged by The glow of his transmitted touch to share, Henry F Randolph. Four volumes. New York: Anson And trace his features with an eve less dim D. F. Randolph & Co. Than ours whose sense familiar wont makes numb." BALLADS AND RONDEAUS, Chants Royal, Sestinas, Vil. If there is abundance of rue in that section lanelles, etc. Selected, with chapter on the various forms, by Gleeson White. New York: D. Appleton & Co. of the volume inscribed to “Friendship,” 1888.] THE DIAL there is surely heartsease enough to balance “No years a wakeful heart can tire; Not bed-time yet! Come, stir the fire the account in the sections that follow. Among And warm your dear old hands; all the wealth of the poetry here classified as Kind mother earth we love so well, “ Sentiment” and “Fancy,” it would be diffi- Has pleasant stories yet to tell Before we hear the curfew bell; cult to make a choice, were it not for the trans- Still glow the burning brands. cendent beauty of one poem-the “Endy- “Not bed-time yet! The full-blown flower mion,” or “A Mystical Comment on Titian's Of all the vear--this evening bour- •Sacred and Profane Love.'” This poem, With friendship's flame is bright; Life still is sweet, the heavens are fair, already familiar to readers through its recent Though fields are brown and woods are bare, publication in the “ Atlantic Monthly ” maga- And many a joy is left to share zine, represents the author in his noblest mood. Before we say Good-night!” It is one of the choicest possessions of our lit The poem from which these stanzas are erature. From the first verse- taken, and the half dozen which follow it, “My day began not till the twilight fell,” belong to the well-known series written annu- to the last- ally for the reunions of the Harvard class of “My heaven's queen-queen, too, of my earth and hell!” 1829. Nearly all the pieces in the new vol- its elevated beauty is sustained with an unfal- | ume are, in fact, of this occasional sort; but tering hand. One does not need to remember they are so intrinsically happy that the occa- the picture commented upon, to enjoy to the sions themselves count for little in the enjoy. full such lines as these of Endymion to his ment which they afford. The most ambitious goddess. of them is that written for the Harvard Anni- "O fairer even than Peace is when she comes versary, a poem fresh in the minds of most Hushing War's tumult, and retreating drums readers. Few of the poems are strictly humor- Fade to a murmur like the songs of bees ous, although humorous touches are not lack- Hidden among the noon-stilled linden trees, Bringer of quiet, thou that canst allay ing. In “ The Morning Visit ” humor gets The dust and din and travail of the day, the upper hand, and we are quickly carried Strewer of Silence, Giver of the dew That doth our pastures and our souls renew, back to the old “autocrat” days. The poem Still dwell remote, still on thy shoreless sea illustrates the difference between treating other Float unattained in sacred empery, patients and being a patient yourself. Still light my thoughts, nor listen to a prayer “It's mighty easy ordering when you please Would make thee less imperishably fair." Infusi sennae capiat uncias tres; Space forbids the further quotations that we It's mighty different when you quackle down would like to make from Mr. Lowell's new Your own three ounces of the liquid brown. Pilula, pulvis,-pleasant words enough, volume. There is a little copy of verses called When other th: oats receive the shocking stuff; “ The Pregnant Comment," which for light But oh, what flattery can disguise the groan and delicate fancy it would be difficult to That meets the gulp which sends it through your own !" match in the writers of whom that sort of | One of Dr. Holmes's poems is inscribed to work is the specialty. There are some sin his old friend and college associate, Frederic gularly compact and effective sonnets. There H. Hedge. We also find Dr. Hedge's name are some humorous pieces, such as “The upon the title page of one of the volumes of Origin of Didactic Poetry” and “At the recent poetry just now before us. This vol- Burns Centennial,” which are written in the ume is made up of translations and original author's happiest vein. Finally, there are a poems by Dr. Hedge, and of additional trans- dozen or so of neatly finished and pointed epi lations by Annis Lee Wister. The transla- grams, which leave a pleasant taste as the tions are all from the German, those made reader closes the volume. by Dr. Hedge being, for the most part, of It is not alone the appearance of Mr. Lowell's familiar things from Goethe and Schiller, volume that makes this year noteworthy in the while those made by his associate are of less annals of our letters, for there has also come to known pieces drawn from a wider range of us a new volume from the sparkling pen of authors. The work of both translators is far Dr. Holmes. It is a thinner volume than we above the common standard. Many of the might not unreasonably wish it to be, and the pieces are accurate reproductions of both greater part of its contents have already seen thought and metrical form,-only that subtle the light. Its title, “Before the Curfew,” harmony is lacking which the original weaves pathetically reminds us that the genial auto in with the metrical outline, and which no crat is nearing the close of his days,-a definition can define or formula enable us to reminder which few of the poems themselves imitate. The “Easter Song "from “Faust” would have for us, as far as any indication of and the “Prometheus” fragment simply can- weariness or decline of vigor in their style is not be reproduced in another language. Of concerned. The not infrequent express allu the few original poems, the best is that called sions to the writer's weight of years seem to “ The Idealist.” It is the statement of a well- ill accord with the ardor and hopefulness with mastered philosophical conception in highly which his verse is laden. poetic language. 16 [May, THE DIAL The thinness of Dr. Weir Mitchell's volume | If Dr. Mitchell's volume illustrates the virtue of poems is probably to be accounted for by of restraint, the corresponding vice is exhibited the fact that the author has made a judicious by Mr. Harry Lyman Koopman's volume enti- selection of his pieces for publication, instead tled “Orestes and Other Poems." It is made up of throwing together, as most versifiers are of pieces long and short, of finished poems and wont to do, all the scraps of verse of which he scraps of things that fortunately never were has at any time been guilty. Consequently finished, of doggerel fit for a country news- we find, in “A Masque and Other Poems," paper and of poetry like the following sonnet: quite a notable contribution to our minor verse; " In holier ages men had called thee saint; we find at least a volume whose contents are Through thee the blind had been restored to sight, Thy name pale lips had whispered day and night, everywhere thoughtful and finished, a volume In lonely cell, chapel or cloister quaint; which contains nothing put in to fill up. Dr. Thy meekness Raphael had aspired to paint, Mitchell's more pretentious pieces are either And Dante had beheld thee in the light That nearest shines to the ineffable bright, frankly dramatic in form, or narrative with a Where purest souls see God without restraint; marked dramatic tendency; a few only are And, born untimely to our evil days, contemplative or lyrical. These latter poems Still hast thou kept thy sainthood and its powers, Thou sowest heartsease by life's stony ways, may be disregarded as of slight consequence. Thou bringest morn where midnight blackness lowers, Of the others, our choice must be between “A And on thy heavenly forehead fall the rays Masque" and “The Swan-Woman,” the two That wrap thee with another day than ours.” which stand first in the volume. Such lines “ Beyond the Shadow, and Other Poems” as the following, which are descriptive of appears to be the third volume of verse written death, are at least striking : by Stuart Sterne. The volume is made up of “The scavenger of time, a series of simple, meditative, subjective poems, Who picks from off this dust-beap called a world marked by the depth of their religious feeling, The scared and hurried ants that come and go but entirely commonplace both in sentiment Without a whence or whither worth a thought.” and expression. The following stanza is a A curious and interesting experiment is that favorable example: whose result is offered in the poem “How “Love has deceived me!-With a strange, sweet smile, Launcelot Came to the Nunnery in Search of He took from out my yielding hand the oar the Queen.” This is an attempt to reproduce - Wherewith I thought to guide for many a mile My bark through sunlit waters close to shore. in blank verse the infinite pathos of one of the Come, I will speed thee to the Blessed Isle !' noblest passages of “La Mort d'Arthure." He said, and smiled again, but spoke no more, How well the author has succeeded may be And suddenly I found me far from land, Aground upon a bank of barren sand.” illustrated by the following lines of the queen's last words to her lover : The author seems to use a facile pen—too facile, in fact, for she overlooks such very “And therefore, wit ye well, Sir Lancelot, My soul's health waneth; yet thro' God's good grace obvious faults as that illustrated by the last I trust, when death is come, to sit with Christ, two lines of the quotation just made. Because in heaven more sinful souls than I What value is possessed by the “Poems" Are saints in heaven; and therefore, Lancelot, For all the love that ever bound our souls of Irwin Russell is derived from the negro I do beseech thee hide again thy face. dialect verses which make up more than half On God's behalf I bid thee straitly go, of the volume. The author was a young man Because my life is as a summer spent; Yea, go, and keep thy realm from wrack and war, who died about ten years ago, at the age of For, well as I have loved thee, Lancelot, twenty-six. He was one of the first of that My heart will no more serve to see thy face, group of Southern writers who have utilized Nay, not if thou shouldst know love in mine eyes." the negro character and dialect for literary The corresponding passage in Malory is as purposes, and one of the most successful. follows : Those who ought to know say that he has rep- “Therefore wit thou well, sir Launcelot, I am set resented the old-fashioned unadulterated” in such a plight to get my soules health; and yet I negro with great fidelity; he has certainly trust, through Gods grace, that after my death for represented him in a strikingly humorous as- to have the sight of the blessed face of Jesu Christ, pect. Such pieces as “ Christmas Night in the and at the dreadful day of dome to sit on his right side. For as sinfull creatures as ever was I are saints Quarters," “A Sermon for the Sisters," and in heaven. Therefore, sir Launcelot, I require thee several others, are quite irresistible. and beseech thee heartely, for all the love that ever “To the memory of Irwin Russell, who was betweene us two, that thou never looke mee more awoke the first echo," is the inscription of in the visage. And furthermore I command thee on another volume of negro dialect verse which Gods behalfe right straightly, that thou forsake my comes to us this month. It is a collection of company, and that unto thy kingdome shortly thou pieces by A. C. Gordon and Thomas Nelson returne againe, and keepe well thy realm from warre and wracke. For as well as I have loved thee, sir | Page. The latter writer is represented by only Launcelot, now mine heart will not once serve mee half a dozen poems, the greater part of the to see thee; for through thee and mee is the floure volume being taken up by Mr. Gordon's work. of kings and knights destroyed." Whatever individual style these writers may 1888.] 17 THE DIAL possess is so merged into the common shape of nobler aspect of human nature, who still be- negro thought that the poems, which are mixed lieves in its responsiveness to lofty and disin- up at random in the collection, might easily terested motives, will have no hesitation in be taken as the work of one man. A com naming Mazzini. On the other hand, the one panion, for example, of “Zekyl's Infidelity" who believes selfishness to be the prime factor by Mr. Page, and “Ichabod " by Mr. Gordon, in human affairs, will be incapable of estimat- both dealing with the same subject, will fail ing the high practical value of Mazzini's work, to reveal any individual peculiarities of author | and will pronounce as unhesitatingly for ship. The closing piece of the volume, enti Cavour. Mrs. Hamilton King is an ardent tled “ One Mourner," is a graceful tribute to Mazzinian, both in sympathy and by old Russell's memory. It describes the feelings friendship, and her collection of poems called of an old negro on hearing of the death of “The Disciples” views the Italian struggle “Dat gent'man down in New Orleans, from the ideal spiritual standpoint of her mas- Whar writ 'bout'n niggers so." ter, rather than from the so-called practical Mr. John James Piatt has made a selection didlomatic standpoint of Victor Emanuel's of what, presumably, he thinks to be his best minister. She has been reproached for not poems, and put them into a thin volume of even mentioning Cavour in her work, which « Idyls and Lyrics of the Ohio Valley." While is hardly fair, considering its point of view. there is nothing strikingly beautiful about his The fact is, that whatever may be thought of verse as here represented, it rarely gives of the respective importance of what was done fense, and its quiet grace and faithful coloring by Mazzini and Cavour, the work of each of will doubtless make it appeal to the many hearts these men is best considered by itself ; it among those who feel a little uncomfortable hardly touches that of the other, except in its at high poetical altitudes. Mr. Piatt has been final outcome. Cavour's work was one of dip- final outcome Cavour's work called the Bryant of the West; and the epi. lomatic intrigue and economic development; thet will do as well as any other to character Mazzini's was a work of education, of intel- ize his work. This stanza is a favorable lectual and moral regeneration. Possibly this example: is too much of an excursus for our present “While fitful breezes kiss to frosty gold purpose, which is merely that of calling atten- The swells of foliage down the vale serene, And all the sunset fills tion to a new edition (the ninth) of Mrs. King's The dreamland of the hills, noble volume. But the work is not as well Now all the enchantment of October old known in America as it ought to be, so that Feels a cold veil fall o'er its passing scene.” Professor Thomas Danleigh Supplée, A.M., some exposition of its standpoint is allowable, although the date of its original publication Ph.D., F.R.S., who is described as “an able lies fifteen years back. “The Disciples” com- philologist,” introduces the poems of Mr. Thomas Brower Peacock to an expectant prises four poems, one of which—“Ugo Bassi ”-makes up the greater part of the vol- world. He tells us the following, among other ume. This is a long narrative in blank verse things: “In form, Mr. Peacock's poetry is not of the outbreak of 1848, and of the memorable conventional. One of the first and strongest struggle of that year and the next in Rome, impressions which one gets from its perusal, is Bologna, and Venice. The other poems have a certain freedom from restraint of regulation for their subjects Jacopo Ruffini, Agesilao poetry which is everywhere apparent.” This Milano, and Giovanni Nicotera. Perhaps the statement is fully substantiated by the con- volume contains nothing more beautiful and tents of the volume. The most delightful feature of the work is the reprint, as an ap- more touching than its overture addressed to Mazzini. It begins in this fashion: pendix, of a satirical criticism published in the “I write of the Disciples, because He “Saturday Review.” This criticism is taken Who was their Master having left on earth quite seriously by the author. We add one of The memory of a face that none could paint, the Saturday reviewer's illustrative extracts, The echo of a voice that none could reach, Hath left his own immortal words and works together with his closing comment, which we To be a witness for him. Who should dare cheerfully adopt. The extract is about Kan To add one line or lesson unto these?” sas, and tells us that now- It is difficult to find passages which will bear "Where once War's bloody feet did rove, removal from their context, but the following Whose red bands death on progress hurled, description of Mazzini will convey some idea Spring happy bowers, like Bismarck Grove, of the moral ardor with which Mrs. King's Where mighty minds instruct the world.' “Mr. Peacock not only charms us, but instructs us noble poems glow at every point. too. We have never read any American poetry so “Was he not branded with all calumny Because he dared to teach the naked truth, exuberantly American." Christ's words were not a book for Sabbath days, An excellent test of cynicism might be But law of life, and judgment of the land; found in the question as to who was chiefly Not to be chosen, and pieced, and dogmatised, But lived up to-the whole and not a part, instrumental in bringing about Italian Unity. Alive not dead, one spirit in new forms;- The man who has not lost his faith in the And lived as Christ lived, poor, despised, alone, 18 [May, THE DIAL Apart with God, and working miracles, Not on the waves and winds, but on the wills of men, upon the hearts of multitudes, The hidden germs of fresh humanities, of live confederations yet unborn, The hidden founts of gathering river-floods, To bear one day the music of his name Through lands of harvest to the boundless sea." Mrs. King's style is diffuse, and not always poetic; the intense emotion with which the work is charged alone saves it from wreck in many dangerous places. No effort of the im- agination can find blank verse in such a sen- tence as the following, -and such sentences are of not infrequent occurrence: “General Gorzhowski was certainly not beloved in any part of the Romagna over which he ruled; least of all in Bologna, which had long held out against him, and in which his name was spoken but with curses.” But the author's theme is so great that her work is borne over these reefs of prose; we forget to be techni- cally critical when we read how such men as Bassi died,- “With the morning lights Upon their faces, standing rapture-pale Before the guns, or under sword and scourge Of those whom they had hated as we hate Untruth and malice and disdain of God." It is good to read of such lives and deaths as these; reminding us as they do, that heroism and saintliness are of our own no less than of other times. The American publishers of this edition have made it very attractive. A white back, stamped in gold with the arms of Italy, makes the book compete closely with the vol- ume of Mr. Lowell's poems in charm of me. chanical execution. "Prettier volumes than these two are rarely seen. A very useful anthology of Victorian poetry comes to us in the series of four tastefully printed volumes called “Fifty Years of Eng. Iish Song,” and edited by Mr. Henry F- Ran. dolph. No selection of this sort has hereto- fore been attempted upon such a scale, in spite of the obvious importance of placing the rep- resentative work of recent and contemporary English poets within the reach of the general reader of limited means. Each volume of the present work contains, in addition to the poetry itself, the following features : (1) bio- graphical and bibliographical notes ; (2) ex- planatory notes; (3) an index of authors; (4) pseudonyms and literary soubriquets; and, (5) an index of first lines. The latter features need no comment. Of the notes it may be said that those of an explanatory character are well- chosen and concisely stated, and that the others are compiled mainly from Mr. Stedman's “ Victorian Poets,” and two or three other standard books of reference. While these notes are in the main both adequate and accurate, we notice an occasional slip or omission. For example, “The Water Babies” of Charles Kingsley is not a volume of verse, as we are told ; the English and American editions of Dobson ought to be discriminated, as in the case of Lang and other writers, and such vol- umes as Swinburne's “Locrine," and Mere- dith's “Ballads and Poems of Tragic Life" ought to be mentioned, since other volumes of equally recent date find a place in these notes. For the most part, however, the notes are accurate, and, what is of equal importance in the present case, they are judiciously chosen. The contents of the work exceed the Victorian limits implied by the title only to the extent of admitting “such poets as had an established reputation anterior to the commencement of the reign, and died or ceased writing during the first fifteen years of the reign ; but only those poets have been included who during the reign produced work worthy of their rep- utation, with the exception of Southey and Wordsworth, who have been accorded a place ... by virtue of their poet laureateships.” The first volume of Mr. Randolph's work includes “the earlier poets ” as defined in the above quotation from the editor's preface, and also two other groups characterized as “the Blackwood coterie," and “the poets of Young Ireland." Southey, Wordsworth, Landor, and Hunt have about half the volume to them- selves. While we certainly grudge neither Wordsworth nor Landor the allotted space, we cannot help feeling that the other two worthies are made unduly prominent. Vol. ume two is devoted to “ the poets of the first half of the reign" and to “ the novelist-poets." In the first section, Tennyson, the Brownings, Horne,and Clough, have the places of honor,and divide about half the volume between them. We miss “The Court Lady” of Mrs. Brown- ing, certainly the noblest of her Italian poems; but in general the selection from these well- known writers is wise and conservative. Vol. ume three contains “the poets of the second half of the reign” and “the writers of Vers de Société.” Here a few strictures are called for. “The Scholar-Gypsy” of Matthew Ar- nold is given, but not the “Thyrsis," which surely ought to have followed, in spite of the length of the two poems together. This omis- sion becomes the more exasperating when we find that Arnold is followed by Robert Buch- anan, to which rhymester is actually allotted more space than to the noble poet who pre- cedes him. We should not have quarrelled with the editor had Buchanan been omitted altogether. Far better men—Theodore Watts, for example—are entirely left out. Swin- burne is very imperfectly represented by four pieces, neither one of which is the “ Ave Atque Vale,” or “The Last Oracle," or the “Hymn of Man." Volume four comprises “the Pre- Raphaelite brotherhood,” “the ballad and song writers,” and “the religious poets.” The work contains altogether selections from one hun- dred and two poets. As a companion to Sted- 1888.] 19 THE DIAL man's critical work upon the Victorian period, it is very valuable. It is difficult to realize the extent to which recent English poets have given themselves up to the imitation of artificial French forms. In view of a collection before us, prepared by Mr. Gleeson White, it becomes a serious question whether we should any longer consider the ballade and the triolet as exotic forms, so widely have they been adopted by English and American poets. Mr. White's volume contains four or five hundred pieces, and rep- resents fifty or more writers. It is, to say the least, a striking thing that there should be enough of this sort of verse in our literature to call for a special anthology. Mr.White's selec- tion has been made with excellent taste, and he has prefaced it with a careful account of the history and the laws of the peculiar forms of verse which it illustrates. The volume is becomingly compact and dainty. WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. country be truly written. The author is too fond of ranking occurrences and men in order of merit. Comparisons are not only “odious,” they are mis- leading. If Lafayette was “a fairly good general ” he never gave any evidence of it. In Burgoyne's defeat Gates's army get small credit for overcoming obstacles, but “fairly mobbed to death the smaller number of dispirited and poorly led regulars against whom they were pitted." There are slurs scattered through the book which are beneath the gravity of historical writing. "For mobs,"we are told, “Morris, like other clear-headed men, felt the most profound dislike and contempt.” Paine, “the filthy little atheist,” “belonged to the variety [of infidels] – whereof America possesses one or two shining exam- ples — that apparently esteems a bladder of dirty water as the proper weapon with which to assail Christianity." Louis Philippe “would have been just the individual to take a prominent part in local temperance meetings, while he sanded the sugar he sold in his corner grocery." All this may be brilliant journalism of a kind, but it is unworthy of history. Mr. Roosevelt's first book was his best. We suggest that he return to the judicious method of his maiden pen in “The Naval War of 1812." GIBBON, in six of his immortal chapters, first told BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. the story of the Goths, and no one since has told it so well. Mr. Hodgkin, in his “ Italy and her In- It is difficult to preserve the proper proportions vaders," has brought to the elucidation of Ostro- in biographical writing; through its very isolation gothic history all the latest and best research. But the subject tends to become heroic in the author's with so masterly a writer as Gibbon and one so estimate. Mr. Roosevelt, in his sketch of “Gouver. scholarly as Hodgkin in the field, there was still neur Morris " for the American Statesmen series room for an additional work which should deal (Houghton), has prefixed the word “great" to the with the whole extent of Gothic history as a subject word "statesman" without the warrant of truth. in itself, and that in a popular way. Yet the brill- Morris was not a great statesman, but simply a man iant and exhaustive work done by these predeces- of shrewd business-like instincts, with broad views, sors has made the task an exacting one for any new clear insight, and fertile resource, who yet was tre writer. In his “ Story of the Goths" (Putnam) Mr. mendously and almost criminally wrong at times. Bradley has not come up to the requirements. “The No one can read the last chapter of this book, noting Story of the Nations" series is intended for young the sympathy of the man with the disunion move readers, but the style of this volume is pitched on ments in New England which preceded and accom too low a level. It is too much in the "once upon panied the War of 1812, and concede the title of | a time” vein. Moreover, there is occasionally an “great” to one who could so woefully go astray. His attempt at “smart writing,” such as that in Dick- services to the country during the Revolution and ens's Child's History of England,”-a taking the the years of constitution-making which followed reader into one's confidence, and laughing with him were of exceeding value; but in greatness of mind, at the naive stupidity of certain persons, which is of purpose, and of character, he falls below more not a success here. It occurs to one, too, that the than a half-dozen of the men of the Revolution proper function of history, even for children, does Mr. Roosevelt writes an exceedingly interesting nar not call for an expression of regret that the author rative, artistic in its selection, forcible in its pungent cannot write the history other than it is, when the expression. But this latter characteristic is the facts offend his ethics or his sentiment. This blem- occasion of the chief defect. The author makes his ish in the treatment of Theodoric's conduct grows narrative the text for a treatise on American politics, out of an over-anxiety to deduce moral teaching parties and men for the last hundred years, and in from the events. Yet the estimate of Theodoric is his attempts to draw contrasts and to read the les too high; the comparison with Alfred of England sons of our history he is frequently more brilliant is unjust to the latter as a man. It would have been than sound. Like Macaulay, he is at times the better if the author had gone more below the sur- slave of a sparkling antithesis. After reading here face of chronicles of war and intrigue, and given that the Revolution owed little to foreign aid, or to & us more of the life of the people and lands of which fixed and lofty purpose on the part of the rank and he treats. The writings of Cassiodorus would have file of the American people, or to good generalship given him much information as to the internal con- in the military leaders, or to any patriotic purposes dition of Italy under the Ostrogothic rule. One in the Continental Congress, one begins to wonder hardly gathers from these pages that the Goths, why the Revolution did not entirely fail. In with the exception of Wulfila and Theodoric and truth, in an effort to contrast the devotion of the Totila—had in them aught of the constructive ele- Revolutionary period with that of the men of the ments of society; that they were capable of and Civil War, the former has been disparaged, and the reached a high degree of civilization. In the midst facts are not set forth fairly. Not by belittling the l of a mass of unassorted details the reader fails to men and the deeds of '76 can the history of our discover that this race possessed that broad basis 20 [May, THE DIAL of worthy Teutonic life and purpose which brought and pamphlets, and they sell by the million. Finally to them the first Teutonic Bible, which drew from she writes “Celebs in Search of a Wife”; and, in them the first Teutonic code of laws, which made the words of Miss Yonge, her present biographer: them the initiators of the regeneration of Italy. “The first edition was sold out in a day or two, the We commend the book, however, as the only mon second in a fortnight; eleven had appeared in nine ograph dealing with the subject." months, and thirty before the close of the author's life, twenty-four years later." The praises she In their “Story of the Nations " series G. P. Put received from high literary and social authorities nam's Sons are doing a public service. They have even outran the popular verdict. But now, when now begun a companion series, opening with the scarce threescore summers have passed since her “Story of the City of New York," by Charles Barr death, the reaction has gone so far that of all her Todd. This is a most attractively published vol poems so extravagantly lauded by Johnson, and her ume, and, so far as it goes, the narrative is a most dramas so highly esteemed by Garrick, hardly & interesting one. Unfortunately, the author limits shred remains in people's minds or in the popular himself by the strange statement in his preface anthologies; her stories are neglected; and her that “the writer has adopted the view of most name is not mentioned in our text-books on litera- scholars, that history ceases fifty years back of the ture. It may be that this reaction has gone too present time.” This cuts us out of the most impor far—as reactions domand that the just equilibrium tant fifty years in the history of the city, except in | has not yet been reached; for she modelled her two rather sketchy chapters near the close of the style after the “Spectator," and Isaac Taylor called book, dealing with the city in the Civil War, and her i an estimable prosaist.” Of an active life the Tweed Ring. Even this limitation, however, that stretched over eighty-eight years, a life that does not excuse the failure to trace topographical brought Hannah More into intimate relations with growth since the Revolution, or social changes since the high and the low, with the country and the “Knickerbocker" days, or the progress of journal town, with the literary, religious, political, and ism, of trade, of Tammany. The literary home of philanthropic movements of her time, no more than Irving, Cooper, Poe, Bryant, should have had å sketch was possible within the limits prescribed more than a word. But even with these omissions, by this series. Miss Yonge is a writer of too much the book is a valuable sketch. While the political experience and too much regard for popularity not life is well handled, the most suggestive chapters to find interesting details when material is abun- are those which catch for us the social life in the dant, and not to dovetail them together with skill middle of the seventeenth century, and again in the when found. Yet the work apparently lacks the middle of the eighteenth. The growth of the city revision that would have excluded all careless and down to the close of the last century is admirably ambiguous sentences. The book, however, has indicated, and is illustrated by maps. The author sufficient variety and liveliness to make it entertain- takes a very unfavorable, and, we think, prejudiced, ing, and gives a sufficiently good idea of the sub- view of Leisler's conduct in the rebellion of 1689. ject to make it instructive. If the publishers had In one place he calls him a “rogue,” in another omitted the sixteen-page catalogue of "standard" thinks "it is charitable to suppose that Leisler was library books, and the twelve pages of press-notices at this time really insane." The chapter on “Ships of former volumes in the series, we should not have and Sailors" is full of interest, with its account of missed them. the once famous “ clippers," and the book fitly closes with the Brooklyn Bridge and the Bartholdi Statue. THANKS are due to Mr. P. W. Clayden for his careful compilation on the “Early Life of Samuel THE worst hap that has hitherto befallen women Rogers" (Roberts). We should be glad of anything of letters has been overpraise. Scott gave Joanna that could make us of this land and age better Baillie a place beside Shakespeare; and many, if acquainted with a man so refined, so generous, so they had dared, would have given Mrs. Browning high in his aims, so painstaking, so tasteful, so even a higher place. But perhaps no one was ever poetical, as Samuel Rogers. But when we are given more praised and petted, more patronized and en a biography like the one before us, in which there couraged, than the subject of the latest volume of is a rich stock of material collected and chosen Roberts Brothers' “Famous Women Series "-Mis with care, and the biographer's part is done cor- tress Hannah More. As poetess and prosaist, as rectly and unobtrusively, we can hardly exaggerate educationalist and religious philanthropist, she was the difficulty of the work, or the extent of the obli- indeed a famous woman in her day. It was so easy gation we are under to the author. Like Mr. Tre- for her to write cleverly, her friends and her public velyan in his “Life of Macaulay” and Mr. Cross in were so much delighted by every pen-stroke, that'| his “Life of George Eliot,” Mr. Clayden has fol- she kept on and on, merely to give them pleasure. lowed the method of allowing the subject, so far as At an Italian opera, she scribbles a translation of possible, to tell his own story in copious extracts the libretto for the friend who sits by her side, and from his diaries and correspondence. This method next morning the papers publish this wonder. She of selecting material from dairies, letters, and com- writes a ballad, “Sir Eldred of the Bower," and monplace books, often brings together motley as- her publisher, Cadell, pays her a large price for it semblages of ideas expressed in a fragmentary way. with an offer to increase the sum to whatever Gold This excessive brevity is in any case better than smith received for the “Deserted Village." She prosing, and in this instance is due to Rogers's writes “Percy"; four thousand copies are sold in a sometimes scanty memoranda. It is largely atoned fortnight, and she is extolled—when Goldsmith is for by judicious notes and an excellent index. The hardly yet well-settled in the grave, and Sheridan present volume only brings the record down to the is still alive,-as the greatest dramatic poet of her beginning of the present century, and covers the time. She writes “Sacred Dramas," and is honored first forty years of Rogers's life. We trust that Mr. with nineteen successive editions. She writes tracts Clayden may receive every aid and encouragement 1888.] 21 THE DIAL to compose his projected second volume on the en tion. The spirit in which Mr. Hare comments upon suing period of more than fifty years. No man had the revolutions which have marked the past cen- better facilities than Rogers for observing the liter tury's struggle for freedom is one with which few ary celebrities of his time; and Mr. Clayden's work will sympathize. He seems to have an eye for the bids fair to supply important links in that chain of horror of revolutions, but none for their necessity literary anecdote and reminiscence which begins in or for their beneficent results. His total lack of Boswell's “Johnson." Boswell himself, and many of sympathy with the Italian cause, which found the characters he has made as familiar as old com amusingly frequent expression in the writer's books panions, appear again in Clayden's volume. We find about the cities of Italy, made it obvious that he here new and interesting details about the Piozzis, would regard the triumph of French popular govern- Arthur Murphy, Dr. Parr, Adam Smith, Blair, ment with no friendly gaze. This defect does not Robertson, Reynolds, Burke, Fox, Sheridan, and materially affect the usefulness of the new volume, many others. We find here an account of the life Another defect, for which the publishers are respon- of the time not only at Stoke Newington where sible, does, however, very seriously affect this use- Rogers was brought up in childhood, and at London fulness. The unwarrantable liberty has been taken where he ever after made his home, but in Scotland, of translating the many passages from French lit- Wales, and France, where he spent his holidays in erature used by Mr. Hare in illustrating his book. travel. He saw France in the early days of the This is a serious offence, and it is added to by the Revolution and again at the time of the First Con. wretched character of the substituted translations. sulate. To enumerate all the points in which he | We understand that the English edition of the work was in contact with the life of his time would itself is not defaced in this way. almost require a volume. Though he was not a man of great powers, great industry, or great scholarship, THE “Days near Paris” (author and publisher Rogers was a man of great opportunities; and, com the same as of the book just mentioned) does for bining as he did a most refined taste in poetry, in the environs of the French capital a work similar art, and in the selection of friends, with a most re to that done by the “Days near Rome” for the tentive memory and a good command of English, neighborhood of the Eternal City. It is a volume he was able both to improve his opportunities to nearly as large as the “Walks in Paris," and de- the full, and to give us the advantage of them. scribes, beginning with St. Cloud, the interesting suburbs that encircle the city. The chapter devoted That industrious compiler of guide books, Mr. | to Versailles takes up about one-fourth of the vol- Augustus J. C. Hare, has prepared a volume of ume. The other chapters are much briefer. To "Walks in Paris ” (Routledge) similar in scope and indicate the extent and variety of interest attached design to his well-known “ Walks in Rome" and to the places described in this volume, we only “Walks in London.” All persons who are unable need mention the names of St. Germain, St. Denis, to do their European travelling in a leisurely way Compiègne, Vincennes, Fontainebleau, Meudon, and know the value of this series of books, each of Port-Royal, among the many places to which Mr. which to a certain extent supplies the place of a Hare arranges the reader's excursions. Perhaps the small library, providing the owner with indications | main impression produced by this work, as well as of the literary, historical, and artistic associations of by the work to which it serves as a companion, is the places visited, and, what is equally important, one of wonder at the wealth of historical and artis- with just those passages from other books which tic interest within easy reach of the boulevard one wants to read on the spot. The latter feature saunterer. Most visitors to Paris content them- is, in fact, the distinetive one of Mr. Hare's manuals, selves with the modern quarter built during the and the author would perhaps have done just as reign of Louis Napoleon, and would doubtless be well to provide even less of miscellaneous infor surprised to learn that this is in every respect the mation than he has done, since he cannot hope to least interesting quarter of the city. compete with Baedeker either in the extent or ac- curacy of this sort of knowledge. His chapters of THE Rev. Jacob Straub, author of a work enti- what is styled “dull-useful information,” for exam tled “The Consolations of Science,” has written a ple, are practically of no value, for they are too companion or supplemental volume on “Prophecy fragmentary to enable one to dispense with the and Prophets" (S. W. Straub & Co., Chicago). We technical guide-book altogether. Mr. Hare's new can do no more than indicate, somewhat vaguely, volume will doubtless be found to contain surprises the character of the author's reasoning and the even for those who think themselves most familiar direction of his conclusions. He believes that “in with Paris, so great is the amount of historical nature there must be a basis for revelation, in the interest attached to every quarter, or nearly every accepted sense of the term," and that the Bible quarter, of that great city. The modern Paris with would be more forcibly and successfully preached which visitors are most familiar has, of course, and taught when having well in hand the facts much less of this sort of interest than other dis which in nature are its allies." He notes that “there tricts; but we think that the writer has given it is an absence of a certain healthful grip which re- less attention than it deserves. There is no account, ligion used to have on the body of its following," for example, of the Théâtre Français, an omission and suggests that “this grip it were important to which seems incomprehensible, but is probably to regain." This recovery is to be chiefly a task for be accounted for by the fact that modern Paris is science; religion is to be re-established upon a scien- discussed in the closing chapter, and that the book | tific basis; and neither religion nor science, it is had already reached or exceeded its destined dimen comforting to know, "would realize the fears by sions when that chapter was reached. The closing some entertained in the accomplishment of this chapters bear many other marks of hasty treatment, end." Prophecy Mr. Straub regards as a legiti- and the entire work is to a certain extent chargeable mate subject of scientific and philosophic study, with being incoherent and careless in its construc-| by inductive methods; and when this is understood, n dliti hili lilli 22 [May, THE DIAL "prophecy will have entered upon its career as a With the approach of summer weather the fancy science." Mind-reading also, which seems to be turns lightly to thoughts of out-of-door sports and akin to prophecy, he thinks " as a principle will be recreations, and books upon these themes have a generally recognized;" and although "recent re timeliness that doubles their interest. Such a book searches have developed much in its favor,” yet is Mr. Thwaites's “Historic Waterways” (A. C. there is needed “a little more headway" in accu McClurg & Co.), a work whose character is much mulating “facts illustrative of its provisions." better indicated by its sub-title, “A Description of Does this point to the decadence of Societies for Six Hundred Miles of Capoeing Down the Rock, Psychical Research? These we had supposed were Fox, and Wisconsin Rivers." The Rock River was numerous enough and prolific enough to make all traversed from a connecting lake at Madison, Wis., the “headway' needed by Mr. Straub in his inves to Rock Island on the Mississippi; the Fox (of tigations. A considerable portion of the book is Wisconsin) from Portage to Green Bay; and the occupied with striking instances of prophecy, pre Wisconsin from Portage to Prairie du Chien on the sentiment, coincidences, etc. From these we select | Mississippi. On two of the trips the first named the following: “A gentleman dreamed that the and the last — the author was accompanied by his Devil carried him down to the bottom of a coal-pit, wife; and these trips are decidedly the most inter- where he threatened to burn him unless he would esting of the three. Mr. Thwaites shows himself agree to give himself up to his service. This he not only a good canoeist but a good observer, and refused to do, and a very warm altercation fol his varied experiences are chronicled in an easy lowed. He was at last allowed to depart upon con good-humored style that is very pleasant reading. dition of sending down an individual whom the Not all the experiences could be called delightful; Devil named, a worthless character in the neighbor- there were tedious portages, difficult rapids, rains hood. A few days after, this person was found and sometimes drenchings,- and worst of all, we drowned under circumstances which gave every should judge, the stoppings at Irishmen's shanties reason to believe that his death had been voluntary." and other chance places for food and lodging. The What befell the gentleman is not stated. descriptions of the odd characters and “specimens" encountered are often very amusing. The voyagers Max O'RELL'S " John Bull, Junior, or French as seem to have borne their discomforts with great She is Traduced” (Cassell) is all the better for need. good-nature, and to have enjoyed their outing with ing no translation. Unlike the works that have genuine enthusiasm. On one of the three trips they previously appeared in America under Max O’Rell's carried their supplies and camped at night on the name, this book was originally written in Eng river-bank; and this they found to be on the whole lish. Unlike them, moreover, it does not appear the better plan. They were good observers not piratically but by an arrangement with the author. | only of human nature but of the animal and floral We can readily pardon a few digs at the American life of the regions traversed; and the descriptions translators who misrepresented his former works, often show characteristic feminine touches. An and congratulate ourselves that they will have no added interest is afforded in the bits of historical call to translate this one. The author's English is information connected with the localities visited,- perhaps not always faultless; neither is that of the reminiscences of Black Hawk's war along the many of our own writers—especially our humorous Rock River, and of the French explorers on the writers. But whatever else may be said of Max historic waterways between Green Bay and the Mis- O’Rell's English, we must confess that it is piquant sissippi. Outline maps aid the reader in following and that it always has meaning. Max O'Rell does the route of the voyageurs. not make fun, he finds it ready-made. We feel that the humorous side is inherent in what he describes, The first volume of Prof. Henry Morley's reissue and that he has the gift for perceiving and portray of his “English Writers" (Cassell) was noticed at ing this side. The present work might quite as fit- length in THE DIAL last year (Vol. VIII., p. 143). tingly be called “Trials of a French Master in Eng- The second volume covers the period from Cæd- land." After a brief introduction, in which the mon to the Conquest, treating, among other things, French master explains how he came to be one, we of the Scóp, of the first teachers of Christianity, of are ushered at once into the English school, first in Cynewulf, of Alfred, and of the vernacular litera- the country and then in town. His experience in ture of the Northmen. With all its acknowledged the country—though very short-was long enough excellences this book suffers from that confusion to show that something not too unlike “Dotheboys" of aim from which the scholars of the present gen- still exists in “Merry England." His experiences eration have been the first to thoroughly shake at St. Paul's School, London, fill the bulk of the themselves free. The treatment is in some respects book. He describes the typical English boys, their too full for the general reader; on the other hand, appearance, their habits, their excuses, their trans- there is perhaps little in the work to make it essen- lations from English into French and from French tial to the special student. No one who can read into English, their examinations, their athletic | Anglo-Saxon poetry in the original would spend any sports, and-last, but not least their snobbery. time over Prof. Morley's rather languid translations, Max O’Rell knows and remembers what many of while no one seeking an introduction to the subject our American humorists seem either to have for is interested in the lengthy canvassing of various gotten or not to be aware of-that brevity is the theories of date and authorship. For instance, the soul of wit. We predict a good deal of popularity enquirer who wishes to learn what is known of the for this little book. Human nature is so much the poet Cynewulf does not care to be met at the outset same, the world over, that we may venture to rec by a detailed discussion of Kemble's identification ognize some of these boyish types as “not altogether of the poet with an Abbot of Peterborough, only unknown in these parts." Though the book wears | to find that Kemble's theory was exploded and the motley, it contains many educational hints abandoned a third of a century ago. In short, despite deserving of serious attention from thoughtful per- the painstaking detail of this book, the novice will sons, and especially from teachers of French, hardly find it so agreeably instructive as Prof. Ten 1888.] 23 THE DIAL Brink's much briefer treatment. Nevertheless the judicious skipper will find in the present volume much of curious interest to reward him. Those, especially, who have Kennedy's translation of Ten Brink will find Prof. Morley's volumes useful for the supplementary matter and for the versions of many interesting poems. Combination, Is It Crime? Appleton Morgan. Pop. Sci. Darwinism and Christian Faith. Popular Science. Denver. Edwards Roberts. Harper. Economic Outlook, The. D. A. Wells. Popular Science. Emperor William J. A. C. McLaughlin. Dial. Ethics and Economics. W. Gladden. Princeton. Evolution and Materialism. J. Le Conte. Popular Science. Explosives. O. E. Munroe. Scribner. Fisheries Treaty. George Stewart. Mag. Am. Hist. Foods and Beverages. W. O. Atwater. Oentury. French Provincial Spirit. W.O. Brownell. Princeton. German University Notes. W. Walker. Andover. Isaiah. Thought in. Archibald Duff, Andover. Kirchhoff, Gustaf Robert. Popular Science. Law and Grace. Prof. Harris. Andover. Leo XIII. M. F. Egan. Oentury. Lincoln, Abraham. O. K. Tuckerman. Mag. Am. Hist. Lincoln, Abraham. Hay and Nicolay. Century. 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Spencer, H., on Organic Evolution. Argyll. Pop. Sci. Tennessee, Ancient. G. P. Thruston. Mag. Am. hist. Tenting on the Plains. Rossiter Johnson, Dial. Tolstoi on Immortality. John Faville. Andover. Vases. W. P. P. Longfellow. Scribner. William IV., Emperor of Germany. H. Tuttle. Atlantic. A. Sen. Scribner Dial. “YANKEE Girls in Zulu Land" is the product of three young women into five years of life in South Africa. One of the young women was an invalid, and the other two carried her off to Cape Colony in search of health. The trip was a successful one as far as the principal object was concerned; it also had the satisfactory result of providing materials for the very pretty and very interesting volume now published by the Worthington Co. The text of the volume is by Miss Louise Vescelius-Sheldon, and the illustrations by Miss E. J. Austen. Of the latter we need only say that they are in the manner of those found in the illustrated Daudet, and almost equal to them in delicate and accurate design. In the text, Miss Sheldon has contented herself mainly with a record of actual experiences and observations. Her narrative is simple, unaffected, and graphic. It covers a great variety of scenes and adventures in Cape Colony, the Orange Free State, the Transvaal, and Natal. It describes, in a highly attractive man- ner, a country little known to the general reader. It is written in a spirit of tempered enthusiasm bet- ter calculated to convince the reader of the charms of life in South Africa than the most roseate of eu- logies. Altogether, it is an exceedingly readable book of travels. In the “Second Middle English Primer ” Prof. Henry Sweet gives students of the mother tongue a welcome continuation of his “First Middle English Primer” which was published in 1884 (Macmillan & Co.). Those who are willing to take the moder- ate pains necessary to enable them not only to un- derstand Chaucer's meaning but also to hear his melody, will find in this booklet the requisite appa- ratus. The pronunciation, phonology, and inflec- tions of the first of our great poets are here set forth, within the space of twenty-four pages, by the uner- ring hand of a master. The remainder of the vol- ume is filled with tempting extracts or complete poems, considerable portions of which are phonet- ically transcribed with the utmost accuracy, so that no one need go astray. The principal texts are “The Complaint to Pity," "The Parliament of Birds,” “The Pardoner's Tale," and most of the “Prologue.” To learn to read Chaucer is as easy as to learn to read Burns, and the reward is much greater." new in: Harper. H. Lansdoll. Harper BOOKS OF THE MONTH. [The following list contains all New Books, American and For. eign, received during the month of April by MESSRS. A. C. 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If you do not, let us recommend for Lectures on the Origin and Growth of Religion, as Illustrated by Celtic Heathendom. By John Rhys. EVERY SOCIAL QUESTION 12mo, pp. 708. “The Hibbert Lectures,' 1886, London. Mrs, Florence Howe Hall's “SOCIAL CUSTOMS”-now in $3.75. its third edition--$2.00, or its new baby relative, THE The Religious Sentiments of the Human Mind. By CORRECT THING; for with these two books, one can make Daniel G. Thompson, 8vo, pp. 176. Longmans, Green no nistake in life, as every possible question may be & Co. $2.50. answered from their combined wisdom. They are com. prehensive, practical, reliable and authoritative. The Church of the Sub-Apostolic Age. Its Life, Wor. The larger work has met with most flattering notices ship, and Organization in the Light of "the Teaching from the press, and its already large and increasing sale of the Twelve Apostles.” By the Rev. James Heron, speaks volumes for it. The daughter of Julia Ward B.A. 12mo, pp. 300. London. $2.50. Howe, in THE CORRECT THING, has given us a little epi. Christian Socialism. By the Rev. M. Kaufmann, M.A. tome of society usages, sure to become the vade mecum in 12mo, pp. 232. London. $1.75. such questions. This new manual is neatly gotten up in The Book of Genesis. By Marcus Dods, D.D. 12mo, pp. a size not too large to be slipped into the pocket, and is 445. “The Expositor's Bible." A. C. Armstrong & arranged so that one page reminds the reader that “IT IS Son. $1.50. THE CORRECT THING" to do this, while per contra the op. posite page tells him that “IT IS NOT THE CORRECT Evolution and its Relation to Religious Thought. By THING" to do that. It will undoubtedly meet with a Joseph Le Conte, 12mo, pp. 344. D. Appleton & Co. ready sale, as its conciseness will recommend it to many $1.50. who would not take the time to master any more com- Principles and Practice of Morality; or, Ethical Prin. prehensive manual. ciples Discussed and Applied. By E. G. 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Complete Catalogue Free on Application. JOSEPH GILLOTT & SONS, NEW YORK. CASSELL & COMPANY, Limited, 104 and 106 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK. THE -- " MATCHLESS” PENS. The superiority of the “Matchless” pens is attested by the satisfaction which invari. ably attends their use. The ease and comfort with which they write, together with their durability and re- Bistance to corrosives, makes them unques- tionably the best steel pen in the market. Samples of the six different styles will be sept, post-paid, on receipt of six cents in stamps. $1.25 per gross. CASSELL & COMPANY, Limited, MCCLURG A. C. CHICAGO. & CO. NEW YORK. | JOSEPH GILLOTT'S STEEL PENS. READ 80 JEFFERY PANTING CO. 189 AND 161 DEANDORN ST., CHICAGO THE DIAL J Monthly Journal of Current Literature. PUBLISHED BY A. C. MCCLURG & CO. CHICAGO, JUNE, 1888. (VOL. IX., No. 98.) TERMS-$1.50 PER YEAR. POPULAR BOOKS IN PAPER COVERS. RECENT AND FORTHCOMING ISSUES. A FAIR BARBARIAN. 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"The author's skill as a story writer has never been more felicitously illustrated than in this volume. The title story is And Other Georgian Sketches. By JOEL meagre almost to baldness in incident, but its quaint humor, its simply but broadly outlined characters, and above all, its touching CHANDLER HARRIS. 50 cents. pathos, combine to make it a masterpiece of its kind."-N. Y. Sun. Also, a new collection of short stories by H. C. Bunner, that will be heartily welcomed by the thousands who have enjoyed the author's" "Midge" and " The Story of a New York House." The collection will include several stories never before published. FREE JOE, OTHER ISSUES IN THE SERIES. V OI VOITOS . . . . . ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON: HENRY VAN DYKE: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde ............ . . . . $0 25 The National Sin of Literary Piracy. ... ... $0 05 Kidnapped. ..., GEORGE W. 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MAX O’RELL: An American Four.in-Hand in Britain ...... John Bull and His Island .......... J. D. J. KELLEY: GEORGE PARSONS LATAROP: A Desperate Chance. . . . An Echo of Passion .. "J. S. OF DALE.” Newport: A Novel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In the Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guerndale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SAXE-HOLM STORIES: BRANDER MATTHEWS-H. 0. BUNNER: First Series . . . In Partnership: Studies in Story Telling ..... . . Second Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FITZ-JAMES O'BRIEN: ANDREW LANG: The Diamond Lens, and other Stories ...... The Mark OI Can . . . . . . . . . . The Mark of Cain. . . CAPTAIN ROLAND COFFIN: CHARLES MARVIN: The America's Cup, Illustrated . ......... 50 | The Russians at the Gates of Herat ... WILLIAM E. GLADSTONE: CAPT. J. G. 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Each volume will include an account of the author's life and works, and a critical discussion of his position in French literature, by one of the most distinguished of living French writers. The New York “Nation," speaking of the early volumes of the French issue, said: “When the reader, has finished either of these volumes, he must certainly lay it down with the feeling that he has been admitted into the intimate life of the great writer in whose charming company he has been spending a few delightful hours, and that his knowledge of the author's position in literature, and of his influence in the world, is surprisingly enlarged and broadened.” MADAME DE SEVIGNE. By Gaston BOISSIER, of the French Academy. (Now Ready.) GEORGE SAND. By E. CARO, of the French Academy. (Now ready.) MONTESQUIEU. By ALBERT SOREL. To follow shortly. TO BE FOLLOWED AT INTERVALS BY VOLTAIRE. By F. BRUNETIERE. RACINE. By ANATOLE FRANCE. ROUSSEAU. By M. CHERBULIEZ, VICTOR COUSIN. By JULES SIMON. LAMARTINE. By M. DE POMAIROLS. BALZAO. By PAUL BOURGET. MUSSET. By JULES LEMAITRE. GUIZOT. By G. MONOD. SAINTE BEUVE. By M. TAINE, IS PROTECTION A BENEFIT? A Plea for the Negative. By Prof. EDWARD TAYLOR. 12mo, 274 pages, $1. On the eve of a campaign when the two great representative parties are likely to be arrayed one against the other on a question of such vital im. portance as Protection or Free Trade, Prof. Tay- lor's book will prove especially valuable as tending toward an intelligent solution of the problem. Written by a non-partisan, without reference to whether it may aid or injure any political party, but solely to determine the question, What is the best policy for the nation respecting national taxation ? It is a forcible, direct discussion showing the im- policy of protection as a fiscal system, and viewing the subject in all its bearings. The book is written in a lucid and entertaining style, and goes to the bottom of the subject, embracing much in the way of argument and illustration not previously incor- porated in any book or speech. Though written with all the emphasis of pro- found conviction, the book breathes such a spirit of fair play and candor that it must meet with a certain amount of admiration from, if not the en- dorsement of, Protectionists themselves. THE NATIONAL REVENUES. A Collection of Papers by American Economists. Edited by ALBERT Shaw, Ph.D. With an Introduction and an Appendix of Statistical Tables. 12mo, 245 pages. $1.00. A collection of twenty brief, original essays by very distinguished teachers and writers in the field of Economics and representing all schools of be- lief. They deal directly with the subject of our National Revenue and incidentally with that of Tariff Revision, in all their phases. These papers are terse and frank touching both the practical and theoretical aspects of their sub- jects. They are treated with great simplicity, force, and conciseness, and constitute a most timely and valuable contribution to the controverted prob- lems of which they treat, and must materially aid in the formation of sound public opinion. Sold by all booksellers, or will be sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price by A. C. MCCLURG & CO. PUBLISHERS, CHICAGO. 1888.] THE DIAL - - - - UT SUMMER LEGENDS. Translated LEE AND SHEPARD, Boston, from the German of Rudolph Baumbach, by PUBLISH Mrs. HELEN B. DOLE. 12mo, gilt top, $1.25. A FRESH BOOK OF TRAVELS. Rudolph Baumbach is the most spontaneous and MEXICO. Picturesque, Political, Progressive. sparkling of modern German poets. He has MARY ELIZABETH BLAKE, Author of “On the Wing, Heine's wit without a trace of his bitterness. Rambling Notes of a Trip to the Pacific," and MAR- GARET SULLIVAN, of the Chicago Press. Cloth. $1.50. Baumbach's prose is as fascinating as his poetry. A charmingly written book by two keen-eyed, bright It is limpid, simple, strong and pure. His “Sum literary women. mer Legends” are remarkable for their fancy which A DELIGHTFUL VOLUME OF TRAVELS. is never trivial, their delicate humor which plays BRITONS AND MUSCOVITES; over the foibles of human nature but never stings, OR, TRAITS OF TWO EMPIRES. By CURTIS GUILD. $2.00. their quaint poetical flavor and their adaptability Vivid descriptions of places in old England worthy of notice, not familiar to tourists, an interesting account of to amuse and interest all classes of readers. the author's journey to Russia, with much valuable in. Charmingly translated into simple, unaffected Eng- formation about that country, together with good. lish, they deserve to become as classic and popular natured criticism of our English and Russian cousins, make up a book as interesting as the previous volumes, in America as they are in Germany, where they which have become famous as tourist companions, hav. have had a phenomenal success. ing all the knowledge of the guide-book with a cultivated and attractive style. LIFE. By Count L. N. Tolstoi. BY THE SAME AUTHOR. UNIFORM STYLE. Translated from MS. by Miss ISABEL F. Over the Ocean; HAPGOOD. 12mo, with portrait, $1.25. OR, SIGHTS AND SCENES IN FOREIGN Lands. Cloth. $2.50. In this, the latest, work of Count Tolstoï's genius, Abroad Again ; he elaborates his favorite idea that happiness of OR, FRESH FORAYS IN FOREIGN FIELDS. Cloth. $2.50. the individual must not be expected, but that by renunciation of it the happiness of the race is to Pre-Glacial Man and the Aryan Race. be subserved. He argues against the popular fear | A History of the Creation, and of the birthplace and wanderings of man in Central Asia. With a history of death, showing that death is nothing worse than of the Aryan Race; its rise and progress; the decline sleep, that life as we see it is a mere manifestation and the destruction of that nation. By LORENZO BURGE. Cloth, $1.50. of the real life which was existent before and will "The book is a most valuable one, the more so because be existent after death: in short, is the life of hu it is written reverently and without a trace of the flip. pancy which some authors affect and which would tend manity. to undermine the belief in revelation.' Interpreted by the light of this book the first chapter of Genesis assumes TAXATION IN AMERICAN a majestic grandeur and a sublimity of truth of which the old-time literalist could never have conceived." STATES AND CITIES. BY RICHARD T. ELY, Ph.D., Associate Professor at Johns The Hidden Way Across the Threshold; Hopkins University, Member of Maryland OR, THE MYSTERY WHICH HATH BEEN HIDDEN FOR AGES AND FROM GENERATIONS. An explanation of the con. Tax Commission, author of “The Labor cealed forces in every man to open the temples of the soul and to learn the guidance of the unseen hand. Movement in America," etc. 12mo, $1.75. Illustrated, and made plain, with as few occult terms as possible. By J. C. STREET. Second edition. Oc. Professor Ely has written the first broad and tavo, cloth. 600 pp. Illustrated. $3.50, critical treatise upon the manifold systems of taxa "It is a deserved reward of Dr. J. C. Street that his tion that obtain in our chief cities and States. It book, The Hidden Way Across the Threshold,' has reached a second edition. It contains more material, is a work of immense research, and presents in a original and selected, than ever has been published in masterly manner the whole complex subject of tax this country on Eastern occult science, and has the authority of a gentleman, as its author, who has stndied ation as well as the inconsistencies which prevail as an initiate for many years in the leading Eastern in parts of this country. The volume is made societies devoted to philosophical investigation of occult inysteries."- Boston Globe. especially valuable by numerous and carefully com- piled tables, showing the various methods of levy POEMS. ing taxes and the comparative results in every BY DAVID ATWOOD WASSON. With portrait. Edited by State of the Union, and while it will not fail to in- EDNA D. CHENEY. Cloth, $1.25. 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If it could be THE LORD WAS THERE. · · put into the hands of every teacher in our public schools, .75 and be read by parents, it would work a revolution in our A RUSSIAN PROPRIETOR . . . . . . . 1.50 methods of education and in the results. At last there is THE VAGRANT . . . . . . . . 1.25 one practical book on education which is within reach of WHAT TO DO . . . . . . . the common teacher, is accommodatert to his needs, and . . 1.25 .. is sure to guide him correctly in obtaining better con. THE INVADERS . : . 1.25 ceptions of his duties, and in acquiring a larger under- LES MISÉRABLES. 5 vols, Illustrated Edition 7.50 standing of the relation of education to life."-Boston Herald. " Popular Edition, in one vol. 1.50 TENNYSON'S WORKS, “Handy Vol.," 8 vols.. 6.00 Sold by all booksellers, or sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. MRS. SHILLABER's Cook Book . . . . . 1.25 LEE AND SHEPARD, Publishers, T. Y. CROWELL & CO., New York. / BOSTON. 32 [June, 1888. THE DIAL umberso at the top and woman pose New York, D. APPLETON & CO. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO.'S HAVE JUST PUBLISHED: NEW BOOKS. A Débutante in New York Society. HER ILLUSIONS, AND WHAT BECAME OF THEM. By THE GREAT ARCHITECT. RACHEL BUCHANAN. 12mo, cloth, 363 pages. Price, $1.25. H. H. Richardson and bis Works. A vivid picture of social life in New York, de By Mrs. SCHUYLER VAN RENSSELAER. With picting what a young woman possessing beauty, a fine Portrait of Mr. Richardson, Twenty- accomplishments, and moderate wealth, may six full-page Heliotypes, and over Seventy undergo at the hands of a managing mother and ambitious relatives. The book is a revelation of other Sketches, full-page and smaller, illus- some phases of high life in the metropolis. trating Mr. Richardson's Works. The edi- tion is limited to 500 copies. In a quarto A Nymph of the West. volume, attractively bound. $20.00. A NOVEL. By HOWARD SEELY. 12mo, cloth, $1.00; paper cover, 50 cents. 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APPLETONS' Professor Carr, who is a native of Missouri, writes from a large knowledge of the State and of its history, and his book is a valuable addition to a series which has won hearty recognition for its LIBRARY. worth and attractiveness. “Appletons' Town and Country Library” will Ten O'Clock. consist mainly of fiction, including works by both By JAMES ABBOTT MCNEILL WHISTLER. 16mo, American and foreign authors. It will be pub- lished semi-monthly, bound in tasteful paper paper cover, 50 cents. covers, and sewed. In the character of its selec The originality of Mr. Whistler and his fame as tions and in its appearance it is believed it will an artist lend peculiar significance to this little commend itself to the reading public. book of art criticisms and suggestions. The series begins June 1st, the first volume being In Nesting Time. THE STEEL HAMMER. By OLIVE THORNE MILLER, author of “Bird- By Louis ULBACH. Ways,” etc. 16mo, $1.25. A powerful romance from the French, free from This book, like “Bird-Ways,” shows how careful all objectionable features, which from its strong | and sympathetic an observer of birds Mrs. Miller concentrated interest is likely to become widely is, and how admirable a reporter of bird life and popular. character. VOLUMES TO FOLLOW IMMEDIATELY ARE: EVE. A NOVEL. By S. BARING-GOULD. Tenting at Stony Beach. FOR FIFTEEN YEARS. By Louis ULBACH. A By Maria L. Pool. 16mo, $1.00. sequel to “The Steel Hammer." Miss Pool tells how a delightful summer was A VIRGINIA INHERITANCE. By EDMUND passed by two ladies in a tent on the New England PENDLETON. seacoast, and encourages others to go and do like- À COUNSEL OF PERFECTION. By Lucas wise. It is written very attractively, and altogether MALET. is an unusually charming summer book. THE ELECT LADY, By Geo. MacDonalD. 12mo, paper covers. Price, 50 cents each. An- ! The Argonauts of North Liberty. nual subscription price, $10.00. A new Story by Bret HARTE. 18mo, $1.00. ** For sale by all booksellers. Subscriptions received by the publishers; or any volume sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of the price. ** For sale by all booksellers. Sent by mail, post-paid, on D. APPLETON & CO., Publishers, receipt of price by the publishers, 1, 3 AND 5 BOND STREET, NEW YORK. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., Boston. TOWN AND COUNTRY THE DIAL ---- - - Vol. IX. JUNE, 1888. No. 98. a way as to afford the student the advantage of his superior military knowledge and judg. ment. But as a narrator of military events, CONTENTS. the Count has few superiors. He is sufficiently THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA. John C. Ropes . . 33 33 clear,-or at least would be, if his publishers furnished more maps, — his style is always THE IXQUISITION IN THE MIDDLE AGES. W.F. animated and often brilliant, and his evident Allen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 familiarity with and earnest interest in the ANIMAL MAGNETISM. Titus Munson Coan .... great events which he brings before the read- THE LETTERS OF LAMB. Edward Gilpin Johnson · 38 er's mind carry his audience with him. RENAN'S HISTORY OF ISRAEL. Emil G. Hirsch .. The volume just published is chiefly con- RECENT BOOKS ON CIVICS. James F. Claflin ... 42 cerned with the grand campaigns of Rose- crans and Grant for the possession of Chatta- BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ........... 46 nooga in the autumn of 1863. In no events Inge's Society in Rome under the Cæsars.-Dab. of the war is to be found a better field for the ney's The Causes of the French Revolution.- Lewis's Critical History of Sunday Legislation.- student of military history. During no epoch Hutton's Simon de Montfort and His Cause.-Bar- in the whole four years did the struggle ex- nard's Conquest of Ireland. - Dowden's Corre. hibit such startling and dramatic incidents, or spondence of Sir Henry Taylor.- Jones's Negro fortune show herself more inconstant, or the Myths from the Georgia Coast.- McAnally's Irish great qualities of the American soldier have Wonders. – Hedge's Martin Luther, and Other Essays. finer opportunities for display. Nor can we point to any other great and consecutive series TOPICS IN JUNE PERIODICALS. of military operations in our war where the BOOKS OF THE MONTH alternations of success and disaster were ended by such a crowning and decisive victory. In THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA.* all this the Comte de Paris is manifestly at home. He thoroughly enjoys depicting these We owe, it now appears, to the apprehen tremendous contrasts, these tragical crises. sions of the French republican politicians the Where an American military man would be unwelcome fact that the chief historian of our naturally, almost inevitably, dry and precise Civil War, the Comte de Paris, has been com and professional, the Count's appreciation of pelled to cease from his labors. The present the picturesque elements of the campaign,- volume of the Count's history contains only the light and the shade, give to his story a “the seventh volume of the French edition, vivid and absorbing interest. and so much of the eighth volume as was con Coming now to the narrative considered sim- tained in the manuscript which the distin. ply as history, it seems to us in the main to be guished author carried with him when he was correct. The author does not appear to be banished from France.” We learn that we unduly influenced by the controversies which are not to look for a speedy completion of this have been raised regarding these complicated great task. operations. His method, as we have before For this we are heartily sorry. The Count's intimated, is not a systematic method, and history is so animated, so vigorously written, hence there is no careful apportionment of so fair, so full of just and generous apprecia praise or blame. But we find the principal tion of the military virtues of the contesting features of the campaigns correctly given. armies and their leaders, that it is a great gift | For instance, in the account of the operations to the people of this country. Let us hope which resulted in the storming of Missionary that he will yet find means and opportunity to Ridge we are pleased to see that the Count has complete it. adhered strictly to the exact facts, and has not As a military history the Count's work been induced by his admiration of General leaves, it is true, much to be desired. He Grant to overstate, as have some of his ad. does not, for instance, give sufficient space to mirers, the part wbich that distinguished offi. stating the military problems, to explaining cer played in the success of the Federal army. them in such a way that they can be appre We find a cordial recognition of the impor- herded by the non-professional reader. Nor tant services rendered by General W.F. Smith does he as a rule sum up the results of military in the planning and carrying out of the criticism on the different campaigns, in such Brown's Ferry movement, which alone ren- dered it possible not only to maintain the * HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA. By the Army of the Cumberland at Chattanooga, but Comte de Paris. Volume IV. With Portrait of the Author. Philadelphia: Porter & Coates. | to bring to its assistance, first the corps of 34 [June, THE DIAL Hooker, and then that of Sherman. We find As an historical composition its excellence due recognition of the sound and sure judg., is equally marked. The history of an in- ment of the Commanding General in availing stitution does not admit of the graphic himself at once of this skilful plan. No sup. narration which gives a charm to the work of port is given in the Count's narrative to the Motley, Parkman, and our other great histori- utterly groundless story that the resolution to ans. It is only in occasional episodes that delay commencing active operations until the these qualities find scope; while the judgments arrival of Sherman's force gave us the required expressed at suitable points upon right and superiority in numbers was extorted from expediency are marked by a judicial calmness Grant, against his judgment, by a blame and fairness, joined with a constant homage worthy unwillingness to advance on the part | rendered to the highest moral standard, that of General Thomas. It is furthermore freely give these passages dignity and eloquence of conceded that the battle was not fought as a high order. It must be said that the simi- planned; that the pushing out of our lines on larity of circumstances and procedure in the the 23d, by menacing the enemy's positions many different countries and ages necessarily directly in front of our advanced divisions, results in a certain monotony of effect; while caused Bragg to strengthen his right, and the plan of the work makes necessary a con- thereby rendered more difficult the success of siderable amount of repetition in detail. the turning movement which had been pre We are accustomed to associate the Inqui. scribed to Sherman. It is clearly shown that sition chiefly with the persecutions of the the theory that the task of Sherman was merely | Protestants in modern times; and it is with a feint, undertaken with the purpose of caus something of a surprise that we find three ing Bragg to weaken his centre in order to thick volumes devoted to the history of the reinforce his right, was a pure afterthought; institution with no reference to modern Prot- and that the storming of the ridge was due to estantism, and no account of the “Spanish” the impossibility of retaining the troops in the Inquisition. This later portion of its history, rifle-pits which they had captured at the foot | beginning with the “New Inquisition" of the hill, an impossibility which was at once “founded by Ferdinand and Isabella,” is re- perceived by the soldiers themselves and was served for a future work, for which the ma- by them utilized as an opportunity to make terials are already in large part collected. It one of the most famous and successful assaults is Mr. Lea's especial merit not merely to have in all military history. All these are important traced the history during this earlier period facts in the campaign of Chattanooga, and with a painful and exhaustive minuteness, but these we find stated, though not stated con to have shown the close and integral connec- troversially, in the narrative before us. tion of this institution with every phase of We cannot close without expressing regret church history during the period of its exist- that the publishers should not have furnished ence. We have in these three volumes almost these volumes with more maps and a good in a complete history of the church during the dex. If the table of contents had been printed thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries; with a reference after each topic to the page of course not consecutive and systematic, where the topic is treated, instead of with a because written from the point of view of a reference only to the page on which the chap-| single institution of the church, but touching ter begins, it would have been a great help to upon almost every aspect of religious and the reader. John C. ROPES. ecclesiastical life during these centuries. So inextricably did the machinery for the sup- pression of free thought work itself into every field of religious activity. THE INQUISITION IN THE MIDDLE AGES. * The thought which impresses itself most It is safe to say that Mr. Lea's History of forcibly upon the reader of these volumes is the irrepressible activity and fertility of the the Inquisition is the most important book upon mediæval history that this country has human mind, which required this subtle and produced. The previous publications of the busy organization to hold it in check. It author have fully established his rank in makes almost ludicrous the boast of unity of faith secured by an infallible church, when we this field; and the present work, by its scope, the thoroughness of the investigation, and the see in the very ages of faith a diversity of belief-often well organized—almost as great soundness and impartiality of the judgments, as well as by its sustained and earnest style, as that of Protestantism. In presence of this may fairly be taken as marking the highest outgrowth of the intellectual growth of the reach of American historical scholarship. age, we see, as Mr. Lea clearly and cogently shows, how this horrible institution was “a * A HISTORY OF THE INQUISITION IN THE MIDDLE AGES. natural-one may almost say an inevitable- By Henry Charles Lea, author of "An Historical Sketch evolution of the forces at work in the thir- York: Harper and Brothers. teenth century”;—granting, that is, the prem- of Sacerdotal Celibacy," etc. In three volumes. New 1888.] 35 THE DIAL ises, the necessity of uniformity in belief, and safe-conduct granted to Huss by the Emperor the divinely granted authority of the church is answered in the affirmative. It was “in the to enforce this uniformity. Out of this ordinary form, without limitation or condi. doctrine—the paramount importance of right tion . ... ordering that he be permitted to belief-have grown the greatest woes from pass, remain and return without impediment. which humanity has ever suffered. .... Thus it was not a simple viaticum for The book is divided into three parts, each protection during the journey from Bohemia, of which has a volume devoted to it. The and it was not so regarded by any one" (vol. first volume describes the conditions of society ii., p. 462). But while Sigismund violated his under which the institution was developed, promise, in allowing Huss to be burned, it was and its establishment, organization, and proce a promise which he had no right to give; if he dure. The second volume gives its history in had attempted to protect Huss, “he would the several countries. The third is devoted to have been punishable by perpetual relegation “special fields of inquisitorial activity,”-in and the forfeiture of all his dominions." AC- cluding such interesting topics as the condem cording to the principles of the Inquisition, nation of the Templars and of Joan of Arc; “the heretic had no rights, and the man accused the controversy among the Franciscans of the of heresy by sufficient witnesses was to be fourteenth century upon the question of pov treated as a heretic until he could clear him- erty; magic, sorcery, and witchcraft. Of self” (p. 467). The council therefore could not, course the Albigensian crusades, in connection and did not hesitate about enforcing the rules with which the Inquisition was founded, of inquisitorial procedure. At the same time come in for a full treatment, but this is in the the greatest possible forbearance and lenity, first volume, with a continuation in the second, | under these rules, was exercised. “The only under its proper geographical treatment. So | deviations of tbe council from the ordinary with the Waldenses, those Puritans of the course of such affairs were special marks of middle ages, and the Hussite movement, which lenity towards the accused. He was not sub- is the subject of the two last chapters of the jected to the torture, as in the customary second volume. The relation of the Hussites | practice in such cases he should have been, to the Waldenses, and the creation, out of this and, at the instance of Sigismund, he was thrice relation, of the society of Bohemian Brethren, permitted to appear before the whole body better known in this country as the Moravian and defend himself in public session” (p. 469). Brotherhood, form an interesting part of this One of the most striking facts brought out last chapter; and the volume ends with a by Mr. Lea is that of the malign influence of warm and well-deserved eulogy of this noble the Inquisition upon modern systems of judi- and useful body. cial process. This is illustrated on several While this work is a severe and unanswer occasions, and especially on page 589 of the able indictment of the institution and the first volume. principle upon which it was founded, constant “On secular jurisprudence the example of the testimony is borne to the sincerity and even | Inquisition worked even more deplorably. It came the humanity of the men who organized and at a time when the old order of things was giving operated it. Of course there could not fail to way to the new—when the ancient customs of the be among the inquisitors, as in the world at barbarians, the ordeal, the wager of law, the wer- large, men of cruel nature, who enjoyed the gild, were growing obsolete in the increasing intel- sight of the suffering they caused, and this ligence of the age, when a new system was springing into life under the revived study of the Roman law, cruelty of nature must have been often quick- and when the administration of justice by the local ened by the pride of intellect which could not feudal law was becoming swallowed up in the widen- put up with a difference of belief in another. ing jurisdiction of the crown. The whole judicial But it is noticeable, on the other hand, how system of the European monarchies was undergoing few in proportion suffered the extreme penalty. reconstruction, and the happiness of future gener- Every means was adopted to procure such a | ations depended on the character of the new institu- submission of the accused as would allow the tions. That in this reorganization the worst features milder penalties. But even these milder pen- of the imperial jurisprudence—the use of torture and the inquisitorial process-should be eagerly, alties seem to us harsh. nay, almost exclusively, adopted, should be divested The treatment of Huss and his followers is of the safeguards which in Rome restricted their narrated with great fulness, and forms per abuse, should be exaggerated in all their evil tend- haps the most interesting and instructive por encies, and should, for five centuries, become the tion of the work, because their case is at once prominent characteristic of the criminal jurispru- very familiar, and illustrates in the clearest dence of Europe, may safely be ascribed to the fact light the practical workings of the principles that they received the sanction of the church. Thus recommended, they penetrated everywhere along of the Inquisition, and because at the same with the Inquisition; while most of the nations to time special points of interest come up in re- whom the Holy Office was unknown maintained lation to them. The much-mooted question their ancestral customs, developing into various whether there was an actual violation of the forms of criminal practice, harsh enough, indeed, to 36 [June, THE DIAL modern eyes, but wholly divested of the more hideous atrocities which characterized the habitual investigation into crime in other regions." It is often asserted that the punishments of the Inquisition were inflicted not by the church, but by the secular power; and of course this is true in form. But equally of course it is a mere subterfuge in fact. Mr. Lea says (p. 535): “The church took good care that the nature of the request for mercy) should not be misappre- hended. It taught that in such cases all mercy was misplaced unless the heretic became a convert, and proved his sincerity by denouncing all his fellows. The remorseless logic of St. Thomas Aquinas ren- dered it self-evident that the secular power could not escape the duty of putting the heretic to death, and that it was only the exceeding kindness of the church that led it to give the criminal two warnings before handing him over to meet his fate. The inquisitors themselves had no scruples on the sub- ject, and condescended to no subterfuges respect- ing it, but always held that their condemnation of a heretic was a sentence of death." The mediæval Inquisition culminated in the century of its birth, - "That age of lofty aspirations unfulfilled, of brilliant dreams unsubstantial as visions, of hopes ever looking to fruition and ever disappointed. The human intellect had awakened, but as yet the human conscience slumbered, save in a few rare souls who mostly paid in disgrace or death the penalty of their precocious sensitiveness. That wonderful century passed away and left as its legacy to its successor vast progress, indeed, in intellectual activity, but on the spiritual side of the inheritance a dreary void. All efforts to ele- vate the ideals of man had miserably failed. So. ciety was harder and coarser, more carnal and more worldly than ever, and it is not too much to say that the Inquisition had done its full share to bring this about by punishing aspirations and by teach- ing that the only safety lay in mechanical con- formity, regardless of abuses and unmindful of corruption." (Vol. iii., p. 51.) It is a relief to be told that the power and activity of the Inquisition declined during the fourteenth century, and were very low in the fifteenth. Had it been otherwise, "Had it existed in Germany in good working order, Luther's career would have been short. When, October 31, 1517, he nailed his propositions concerning indulgences on the church-door of Wittenberg, and publicly defended them, an in- quisitor such as Bernard Gui would have speedily silenced him, either destroying his influence by forcing him to a public recantation, or handing him over to be burned if he proved obstinate. Hundreds of hardy thinkers had been thus served, and the few who had been found stout enough to withstand the methods of the Holy Office had perished. Fortunately, as we have seen, the Inquisition had never struck root in German soil, and now it was thoroughly discredited and useless. Hochstraten's hands were tied : Doctor John Eck, inquisitor for Bavaria and Franconia, was himself a Humanist, who could argue and threaten, but could not act." W. F. ALLEN. ANIMAL MAGNETISM.* The work on “Animal Magnetism,” by the two distinguished French specialists, Binet and Féré, is one of great simplicity of pur- pose. The authors do not attempt to discuss the history of animal magnetism, so-called, from its beginning: they trace its develop- ment through the past century only, beginning with Mesmer, the famous popularizer of the science. A full sketch of his creed and prac- tice is given, and his twenty-seven proposi. tions are recited at length. It is noticeable that none of them correspond to the fuller science of to-day; they are little more, indeed, than the cloudy conceptions of astrology in which Mesmer himself was a believer. A very interesting document is given in this place,—the second or private report of the French commissioners, among whom were Franklin and Lavoisier, condemning both the science and the morality of Mesmer's proceed- ings, particularly the latter, in terms which would startle the readers of government re- ports to-day. Coming to the more recent history of the subject, we find an account at once full and authoritative of its development from the time of Braid to Charoot. The experiments re- corded in the present work were made in large part by Charcot, and the really scientific epoch of this subject goes no farther back than 1878, when Dr. Charcot began those remarkable researches at the Salpétrière in Paris which have given him the foremost rank among the students of hypnotism. Previous observa- tions, from those of Azam and Grimes to those of Richet and Richer, are fully described. But early in the course of the work we come to the details of the subject at the point to which it has been brought by the researches of Charcot and his colleges. The terms mostly used throughout the book are hypnotism or hypnosis ; and of these all the different states and conditions are described with great minuteness. The science has advanced far beyond the simple production of a hypnotic state by the contemplation of a bright object. The hyp- notic state is now divided by Charcot into three forms or types—the cataleptic, the leth- argic, and the state of somnambulism ; these are, however, interchangeable in the same per- son at the will of the operator. The catalep- tic state is produced by the well-known method of exposing the eyes to a bright light in a fixed position ; in this state the attitudes of the limbs are fixed, and there is complete insensi- bility to pain. The second or lethargic state is produced in like manner, but high muscular *ANIMAL MAGNETISM. By Alfred Binet and Charles Féré. (The International Scientific Series.) New York: D. Appleton & Co. 1888.] THE DIAL 37 - ------ excitability is present, also with complete in- tion may usually be dispelled by assuring the sensibility to pain. Third, the state of som- subject that he has seen, felt, and heard noth- nambulism, or waking sleep, may be produced ing. So perfect is the plasticity of certain by fixity of gaze, or may be developed by subjects in the operator's hands that different slight manipulation from the state of lethargy emotions may be impressed upon different or catalepsy. In either of these states the halves of the brain, and the right side of the subject receives all kinds of suggestions and face may smile while the left side frowns. acts upon them as if they were true. There seems to be, however, scarcely any The hypnotic procedure consists essentially limit to the power of the influence that may “in cultivating and confirming an idea in the be exercised upon the subject. If told that a mind of the subject of the experiment.” Sup white cardboard is red to the right eye, it will pose, for instance, that the subject is told to appear, if he closes the left eye, to be of a look at a bird on her apron. “ As soon as the | brilliant red; if he uses both eyes, the color words are uttered she sees the bird, feels it in will appear to be pink. If assured that the her hand, and can sometimes even hear it sing.” cardboard appears red to the right eye and Suggest a wound to the subject, and he will green to the left eye, there will be a struggle see the blood flow and will complain of pain ; between the two fields of vision, and the alter- tell him that he holds a firm object in his hands nation of color will weary the patient's sight. and ask him to press the object, and he will Hallucination of color, in short, may develop find it impossible to bring his hands together. the phenomena of chromatic contrast nearly He will confound the voice of an unknown as real sensations do. It seems to consist in a person with that of an absent acquaintance ; cause which excites the same region of the he will accept a piece of paper for cake and eat cerebrum as a real sensation, and excites it in it with relish; and any suggestion of the animal nearly the same manner. The recently de- nature will be promptly acted upon. The dan- | scribed sensory centres of the brain enable us gers of the power which the operator has over to fix the points where the different hallucina- the subject may easily be imagined. How is tions of the senses are going on; and, curiously it possible for one person to exert over another enough, these sensory centres correspond in no this power of making him speak, act, think, and way with the “bumps” which the phrenologists feel, as it pleases the experimenter to dictate? | have indicated as the seat of the respective in- Pitres suggested to a somnambulist that tellectual functions. she should kill one of her neighbors. When In some cases, however, the hypnotic sub- she supposed that the crime was done, he |ject may resist the impression, as when the caused her, still in the same state, to appear order is given undecisively. Again, the moral before a magistrate. She declared her inno: convictions of the subject sometimes survive cence, and it was only when overwhelmed by | in the hypnotic state and lead him to decline proof that she confessed that she had stabbed with more or less passiveness the suggestion her neighbor. The somnambulist, therefore, of a wrongful act. Sometimes he says, “No, is not merely an unconscious automaton. In I will not steal; I am not a thief.” Sometimes, spite of the perversion of his senses and his again, he merely says, “I do not want to steal; will, his memory and his intelligence are per some one will see me.” Many an attempt to fect, his activity remains, his imagination is ex- | kill has been committed by the hypnotized cited. Nor is this all: suggestion may lead to patient with a paper knife; indeed, the blow acts committed after the state of hypnotism has | is given so promptly and forcibly that exper- passed away. The subject's brain is charged |imenters are timid of making the experiment. with the idea of theft: on awakening he will Not the least remarkable of these researches still retain it, and the subject may actually are those which show actual physical lesions as commit the theft. This power of instigation a result of the magnetic influence. A postage to crime is a very strong and real one, and will stamp, pasted upon the skin of the patient and before long require recognition by the law. called a plaster, has produced considerable in- In some cases the hallucinations remain flammation; and other equally curious effects and persist during the awakened state. On of the same nature have been recorded. one occasion the authors of this work told The medico-legal bearing of all this is im- their subject that a gold ten-franc piece was portant. Thus far, “hypnotism has only made lying upon the table ; they had previously a casual appearance in the courts of justice." told her that when she awoke they would cor But it is said that suggestion has frequently rect the hallucination. On awakening she still been made an instrument of crime, and physi- saw the coin which was not there. They said, | cians who make these experiments are usually “You know what we agreed upon; the gold careful to have a third party, at least, present coin is not really there.” None the less she as a witness. In Walter Besant's novel, “ Herr saw and touched it, and declared that it was a Paulus," the hero employs his powers of hyp- reality ; it was impossible to infuse the slight- | notism to procure the unconscious signature est doubt into her mind. But the hallucina- 1 of checks of large amount. 38 [June, THE DIAL seur include is embrace "nevertheles From the scientific point of view, much is distinctive merit of Mr. Ainger's edition of still wanting toward the explanation of these | Lamb's correspondence lies in the fact that it remarkable phenomena. That they are throw- includes a number of interesting letters hith- ing new light upon the functions of the erto unpublished, and in the additional infor- brain is evident; but the secrets of the proc mation afforded by the notes. One of these esses which work them are imperfectly known. letters, containing a bit of interesting literary The authors of the present book write with | gossip, I shall venture to quote for the reader's great modesty, and have refrained from pre- benefit:- senting any attempt at a solution. Still, it is " To Thos. Manning, I a defect in their work that they have not Diss, Norfolk. FEBRUARY 15, 1801. brought together what little is known respect I had need be cautious henceforward what opin- ing the intrinsic nature of hypnotism. The ion I give of the 'Lyrical Ballads. All the North book is too largely a collection of mere data; of England are in a turmoil. Cumberland and still, it is the best that is easily accessible to Westmoreland have already declared a state of war. the American reader upon the subject. Its I lately received from Wordsworth a copy of the pages swarm with inaccuracies, such as that of second volume, accompanied by an acknowledg- ment of having received from me many months rendering the word embrasser by "embrace" since a copy of a certain Tragedy, with excuses for instead of “kiss,” But it is not necessary to not having made any acknowledgment sooner, it specify instances of this crudeness of transla being owing to an almost insurmountable aversion tion-a too common fault with many of our from letter-writing. This letter I answered in due best publishers. Messrs. Binet and Féré de form and time, and enumerated several of the pas- served a better translation than is accorded sages which had most affected me, adding, unfor- them in the present volume. tunately, that no single piece had moved me so forcibly as the Ancient Mariner,' "The Mad Titus MUNSON COAN. Mother,'or the 'Lines at Tintern Abbey.' The Post did not sleep a moment, I received almost instan- . -- ---- taneously a long letter of four sweating pages from THE LETTERS OF LAMB.* my Reluctant Letter-Writer, the purport of which was, that he was sorry his 2d vol. had not given These two volumes mark the close of Mr. me more pleasure (Devil a hint did I give that it Ainger's task as editor of what may perhaps did not please me), and was compelled to wish be regarded as a final collection of the works that my range of sensibility was more extended, be- of Charles Lamb. The numerous editions of ing obliged to believe that I should receive large Lamb's correspondence that have appeared influxes of happiness and happy Thoughts.' (I sup- pose from the L. B.)— With a deal of stuff about heretofore have been little else than vari. a certain Union of Tenderness and Imagination, ations of Sergeant Talfourd's well-known which in the sense he used Imagination was not the volumes, the “ Letters of Charles Lamb, with characteristic of Shakespeare, but which Milton a Sketch of his Life," published in 1837, and possessed in a degree far exceeding other Poets : the “Final Memorials” published after the which union, as the highest species of Poetry, and death of Mary Lamb in 1848. The latest and chiefly deserving that name, 'He was most proud most complete of these editions was that of to aspire to;' then illustrating the said Union by two quotations from his own 2d vol. (which I had Mr. W. C. Hazlitt, which was announced as been so unfortunate as to miss). 1st Specimen. - Talfourd's, “ carefully revised and greatly en- A father addresses his son: larged.” The edition was made up of Tal- When thou fourd's narrative freely interspersed with orig- First camest into the World, as it befalls inal matter, and the letters arranged-for the To new-born Infants, thou didst sleep away Two days; and Blessings from thy father's Tongue first time-chronologically, with certain addi. Then fell upon thee.' tions to their number. Mr. Ainger rightly The lines were thus undermarked, and then followed thinks “that Talfourd's work, which, whatever "This Passage, as combining in an extraordinary de- be its defects, has long taken its place as an gree that Union of Imagination and Tenderness English classic," should not have been “re- which I am speaking of, I consider as one of the issued under its author's name after additions Best I ever wrote!' 2d Specimen.-A youth, after years of absence, revisits his native place, and and alterations so extensive had been intro- thinks (as most people do that there has been duced into it.” Preferring, therefore, that strange alterations in his absence:- his own work should be independent of the And that the rocks labors of his predecessors, he has dispensed And everlasting Hills themselves were changed.' altogether with Talfourd's narrative, printing You see both these are good poetry; but after one the letters only in their chronological order, has been reading Shakespeare twenty years of the elucidatory matter being reserved for the notes best part of one's life, to have a fellow start up, at the end of the respective volumes. The and prate about some unknown quality which Shakespeare possessed in a degree inferior to Mil- *THE LETTERS OF CHARLES LAMB. Newly arranged, ton and somebody else ! !” with additions. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by Charles Lamb was so often a wearer of the Alfred Ainger. In two volumes, with Portrait. New York: A. C. Armstrong & Son. motley that we are apt to lose sight of the 1888.] 39 THE DIAL --- - serious side of his character. We think of der, and expecting the moment that was to trang- him as the incorrigible punster; the quaint ! port him to Paradise for his heroic self-devotion.'” humorist; the man who threw into speechless There is some method in the madness of this indignation the Sage of Chelsea gazing sky whimsical answer; yet, doubtless, were the ward into the “ vague immensities,” by art- subject of “persons one would wish to have lessly inquiring, “Mr. Carlyle, are you a seen ” broached in our day, many of us would p-p-poulterer ? " We remember him rather gladly pass over the grim hero of the Parlia- as “a fellow of infinite jest,” than as the fin ment House vaults, preferring to invoke the ished scholar whose critical opinion was gentle shade of Charles Lamb. eagerly sought by Coleridge, Wordsworth, and Mrs. Charles Mathews, in her memoir of Southey; or as the hero whose fortitude under her husband, gives the following sketch of the a life-long weight of affliction is a lesson of outward man of “Elia": patience to mankind. “Mr. Lamb's first approach was not prepossess- Lamb was possessed of rare critical insight; ing. His figure was small and mean; and no man a faculty that, with him, seemed inborn-not, certainly was ever less beholden to his tailor. His as with most men, the fruit of years of study bran' new suit of black cloth (in which he affected and experience. When he was barely of age several times during the day to take great pride, we find his friends Coleridge and Southey- and to cherish as a novelty that he had long looked each of them his senior, and university-bred- for and wanted,) was drolly contrasted with his very rusty black silk stockings, shown from his submitting to him their verses for revision knees, and his much too large thick shoes without and correction. Mr. Ainger remarks in his polish. His shirt rejoiced in a wide, ill-plated frill, preface: and his very small, tight white neckcloth was “If the art or science of poetical criticism could hemmed to a fine point at the ends that formed be made matter of instruction, I know no better in- part of the little bow, His hair was black and troduction to the study than these scattered criti- sleek, but not formal, and his face the gravest I cisms of his, first upon Coleridge's and Southey's ever saw, but indicating great intellect, and resem - verse, then upon Wordsworth's, and generally upon bling very much the portraits of King Charles I.” all poetry ancient or modern quoted or referred to A truly feminine bit of description. Mrs. in the letters." Mathews saw Lamb after his fortunes had Lamb, as a critic, possessed the somewhat mended; time was, however, when a “bran rare merit of sensibility to varieties of excel new suit” was an unwonted phenomenon to lence foreign to that of the school to which his the toiling clerk of the India House. taste naturally inclined. While Milton was Mr. Ainger's edition of Lamb's correspond- his prime favorite, he could enjoy Pope; and ence is decidedly the best that we have had,- although, in his literary tastes, “antiquity although it is not to be inferred that its excel- bitten, and smit with the love of boars' heads lence renders Talfourd's narrative obsolete. and rosemary,” he warmly recognized the That work rests securely upon its merits irre- worth of contemporary poets. “I could for- spective of the letters. give a man for not enjoying Milton,” he wrote EDWARD GILPIN Johnson. to Coleridge,“ but I would not call that man my friend who should be offended with the divine chit-chat of Cowper.” Whatever may be the value, however, of RENAN'S HISTORY OF ISRAEL.* the literary and other criticism scattered The style of Ernest Renan holds a charm througbout Lamb's works, men will continue of its own. Even in English array, his writ- to read them, as they read those of Montaigne ings lose but little of their native grace. Our and Sir Thomas Browne, for the insight af- language is, indeed, more sober and more forded of the rare personality of the writer solid than the tongue of France. But so himself. Hazlitt, in one of his essays, relates strong is the individuality of this writer that that, at a social gathering where he and Lamb when his thoughts crave the hospitality of our were present, it was proposed that each mem- speech it willingly quickens its gait to keep ber of the company should mention that one pace with their home-step. The success illustrious in the literature or active life of the achieved by Renan in the field of letters is past whom he would wish to have seen. To largely traceable to his facile pen. The man- the astonishment of his friends, Lamb unhes- ner, much more than the matter, accounts for itatingly pronounced for Guy Fawkes. the attention his works command. Renan "'Your most exquisite reason!' was echoed on undoubtedly is a poet. Imagination is, un- all sides; and Ayrton thought Lamb had now fairly questionably, a prerequisite endowment of the entangled himself. “Why, I cannot but think, retorted he of the wistful countenance, that Guy historian. Without it he sinks to the dead Fawkes, that poor, fluttering scarecrow of straw level of the dry annalist. The historian clothes and rags, is an ill-used gentleman. I would give * HISTORY OF THE PEOPLE OF ISRAEL, till the Time something to see him sitting, pale and emaciated, of King David. By Ernest Renan. Boston: Roberts surrounded by his matches and barrels of gunpow. | Brothers. 40 [June, THE DIAL the dry bones of fact with flesh and sinew, and the pages leave behind an ineffaceable impres- breathes upon them the spirit of life. A fact sion. The author raises from the dead the for him is a symbol. His is the task to point primitive nomads of the Syrian desert, and out the underlying idea, the power which they come before us with the freshness of an moves the ages and links past to the present. idyl painted with a gifted pencil. Saul, David, And his material wherewith to bridge the and their rude companions, assume reality. gaping chasms in the succession of tradition Sinai, massive and sublime,-a description is often of the scantiest. Large stretches of never to be forgotten, a worthy rival for desert challenge his boldness and whet his master's honors of the comparison between the curiosity. Combination, inference, guess, in Greek language and the Hebrew.. But, with tuition, must supply what archives and records all this flood of beauty, as a history the book withbold. is exceedingly disappointing A still greater demand upon “historical One need not be a dogmatic defender of the imagination” is made by the uncertain periods old (orthodox) views on the value of the of the beginnings. Fundamental as those Biblical collection as historical documents, to hours of dawn are for the course taken in feel with a tinge of sadness that Renan has the after-day, they hide with exasperating not satisfactorily filled his self-assumed task. jealousy the secrets of the birth. It is upon The most radical among German or Dutch periods of such great uncertainty and great Bible critics,-followers of Kuenen, Graf, and importance that Renan the historian has come Wellhausen—will perhaps only more keenly to throw the light of his genius and research. take as many exceptions to what here would The origins of Christianity have engaged his pass as history, as the most conservative. Nor attention for three decades. His “Life of is the opinion warranted, which from this cir- Jesus” opened the series, and the volume be- cumstance might naturally be formed. that fore us is the first of the “introduction” to the | such dissatisfaction caused to the extreme history of Christianity. This latest production parties is the best proof of the sound basis of recalls in many particulars the first. It shares Renan's constructions. Renan makes no efforts its glories, but also its defects. In Renan, to conceal his virtual assent to the position of poetry and criticism are not mixed in the true the advanced schools; the Pentateuch, the proportions which make the historian. In historical books, so-called, of the Old Testa- his“ Life of Jesus,” imagination wields the ment canon, are not the works of the authors queenly sceptre, and criticism follows her lead. whose names sponsor them. They are not In consequence, we have an historical romance, contemporaneous with the events they pretend written in an extremely fascinating style, but to chronicle. And yet, here we have a volume a romance for all that. The nature of the of 362 pages, giving us a “history" of the subject accounts for this; as the condition of epoch covered in the Old Testament by records the sources explains the repetition of the of undoubted late origin (in their present literary success and historical failure in the shape) and of doubtful historical trustworthi- present volume. Renan's preface shows that ness. Stade, in his recent Geschichte, devotes he was not altogether unaware of this. What from twenty to thirty pages to what Renan he says, is true enough. His copious supply treats in more than two hundred. And R. of qualifying adverbs, “perhaps, probably, Kittel, much more conservative than either, in possibly," are signs of the difficulties to be his Geschichte der Hebraer, scarcely ventures overcome; they may be cautionary signals, to give much more as historically assured than warning the reader not to assume too much. Stade. Does, then, Renan draw altogether The verdict, however, can be but this: Renan upon his imagination, to give shape and color has again written an historical romance, but a to his many-paged account? The question romance which no one will lay aside half-read. admits of an affirmative and of a negative The book is written in such superb style that answer at one and the same time, when the last page is reached we take leave of In his preface, he gives us his historical it not with a sense of relief but of positive creed. He is very severe on those “narrow- regret; for there is enough of literary oddity minded persons who have the French defect in Renan's manner to season whatever he of not allowing that it is possible to write the writes to sharpen the zest of his readers. In history of times concerning which one has not the translation, some of the harsher expressions a series of material facts to relate.” Admit- of the original are softened or suppressed. ting that were he of their company the pres- “L'histoire du monde, c'est l'histoire de ent volume would have largely to consist of Troppmann," is the pessimistic paradox of the blank pages, he attempts a justification of his French edition, heightened by a side-thrust at method and its results. For him, the Patri- America, which we failed to find in the Boston archal age of Genesis is to-day still found in issue. But whether shocked, vexed, or more the Nomadic tribes of Arabia. And further- frequently stirred, the reader is always en- more, ante-Islamitic Arabic antiquity has come ticed and irresistibly drawn along. Some of down to us in the Kitab-el-Aghani (the col- 1888.] 41 THE DIAL -- - -- ---- - ----- lection of songs, etc., of the Arabs), and this the wealth of the Greeks. Facts of history ante-Islamitic Arabia is the counterpart of and psychology protested against Renan's as- Patriarchal Israel. The book of Genesis, sumption; but still, after the lapse of years, though written later, as well as that of Job, he returns now to his first love, repeats his supply information which, rightly employed, estimate “minimum” (p. 36), and gives us a must afford rare material. These then are the picture of what the history of Israel's religious quarries to which Renan goes for his stones. development might have been if his theory Were his premises correct, the method pur- were true. If the original monotheism of the sued might lead to correct results. But, un Semites ranks not very high, the successive fortunately, they are not. The Bedouins of deterioration into national Yahwism is of Arabia are not the living copies of the dead course a depth of degradation unfathomable. Patriarchs. The “unprogressiveness” of the Nationalization is the mortal sin that Israel Nomads is an often-used phrase; but it is, committed when it changed the Elohim of the though very trite, void of truth. Renan to Semites into Yahwe, the tribal God of theirs- the contrary notwithstanding, Islam bas in the unser Gott of King William, the leader of fluenced these tribes to a greater extent than nationalized Germany. The prophets, indeed, is supposed. The highly-colored pictures of return to primitive Elohim-religion. They travellers are not very reliable. As a rule, adopt, however, with strange but shrewd visitors find what they are looking for. The diplomacy, the name of their pet aversion- Kitâb-el-Aghani might with greater propriety Yahwe,-to carry their proclamations of the have been utilized; but though Renan is very universal, patriarchal, and just Elohim-doc- eloquent about the glory and beauty of this trine. This is, in rough outlines, Renan's collection, not one page reveals its use by notion of the religious history of the Hebrews. him,-on the contrary, many things combine A few details may not be out of place. to create the impression that he has but a Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, root in superficial acquaintance with its contents. At the Arabian desert. The fathers of the old all events, the picture he draws of the Patri faith were the Nomadic chiefs who tented archs is not a mirror of the conditions, social there. The oldest states were organized and religious, crystallized in these ancient materialism, ant-hills and bee-hives. The sons songs. And in the use he makes of Genesis and of the desert represented, in a different man- Job, he forgets his own critical canon. “The ner than the Aryans, individualism, the au- Arthurian romances of the Middle Ages do tonomy of the family. This is the basis of not contain a word of truth, and yet they are their morality: from it springs their sense of storehouses of information as to the social honor. In religion they were Puritans, pre- life of the epoch in which they were written.” historic Moslems. “God eternal and man Yes, “ of the epoch in which they were written." temporary” is the sum of their belief. They But Genesis is not a child of the Patriarchal were men of serious bent of mind, simple if age. And is Job? One thousand years, narrow, and little inclined to idolatry, spirit- Renan himself tells us, separate it from the worship, animism; and above all they had period he discusses; but then, “it must have no taste for mythology (p. 39). Benevolence been thought out at that time”! The fact is, and humanity were characteristics of theirs: he uses the Bible narratives whenever it suits virtues and dispositions which tent-life pro- his purpose. And traces of his early Catholic duces (p. 36). “They were not dupes to the training reappear very often. In the manner dream of the hereafter” (p. 42; 35); "the of the shallow rationalists, the Bible miracles chimeras of complete survival after death” are explained away. (Confer., p. 139. The (p. 42). But they had their religious puzzles, crossing of the Red Sea; p. 141-42; at the also; these gentle Patriarchs could not under- end of three days the fugitives reached Mara. stand why the righteous should suffer on a. 8. f.) earth, etc., etc. The student of Renan's earlier work on the This primitive monotheism was, however, Semites and their language is not long in doubt destined to be tainted by foreign influences. as to the cause of this latest volume's failure The great Nomadic fraternity, originally to stand the test of rigorous and scholarly cradled in Arabia, had spread to the Euphrates examination. Renan rides a hobby of his river and stretched out its tents to the Medi- own. He preaches a theory; and this book terranean. From them became differentiated is history remodelled after this theory. The the “Hebrews"_“trans-Euphratians” (Chap- Semites were originally and by instinct ter VII.) They had sojourned repeatedly in monotheists. This is, however, not to be num Paddan-Aram. Here they had become ac- bered among their glories. At least, when he quainted with Babylonian myths, and espe- first asked the world to accept his discovery | cially with the legend of the famous or he was not slow to describe monotheism as the rather fabulous Orham, King of Ur-called minimum of religion, and to contrast with this here Ab—Orham-Abraham, the Pater Or. poverty of ideas—the poverty of the desert- | chamus of Ovid. Among the groups attached 42 [June, THE DIAL - --- to this mythical personage, the tribe of Israel, passages, as given in the French original, are or Jacob-El, represents a “Puritan” reaction masterpieces. Even in the setting in which against the deterioration produced by the con we find them, combined with the protest tact with Babylon. Of course, Babylonian influ against the fundamental hypothesis of the ence had not been an unmitigated evil. It has book, they will undoubtedly cause many to enriched Hebrew tradition with Genesis I.-XII., reopen the pages of the old Book; and thus the history of creation, a most potent factor in lead them to give earnest thought to the the religious culture of the world. More dis question of all questions, what are the well- astrous was the intermingling with Canaanitish springs of religion, what is the secret of Paganism; for in its very midst the progeni Israel's religious genius, whence the Bible's tors of the Beni-Israel settled next. This led influence upon the deepest life of civilization ? to internal conflicts; and again the “ Jacobel- EMIL G. HIRSCH, ites” proved a sort of Geneva. But soon they were attracted by Egypt, and its influ- ence proved most pernicious. Their sojourn RECENT BOOKS ON Civics.* in the land of the Pharaohs was the first step to their “nationalization,” accomplished by When Carlyle called Economics “ the dis- their leaving the Nile, their march through the mal science” he furnished an excuse to indo- peninsula of Sinai to Palestine, and its con- lent people for their indifference to the science quest. Yahwe gradually replaces Elohim. which underlies all industrial and commercial During the period of the Judges, the old prosperity. Another grave impediment to the Elohim fades more and more, until with the advancement of the science has been the crit- constitution of the Kingdom the degradation is complete. Among a few, the memory of the as the “historical school ” and the so-called old “Puritans” would not down; and this “ orthodox” or English school of economists. caused a reaction, principally led by the Mr. Lunt, in his work on “ The Present Condi- Prophets of the ninth century. tion of Economic Science,” has clearly analyzed To this course of development, cool and the methods of each school, and has shown that sober scholarship has to note many exceptions. | the criticisms of the new school are without The primitive monotheism of the Semites is a foundation, and that in their own work the fable. The lines of development in Israel critics have added nothing of scientific method are running upward, not downward. From to that of their predecessors. The old school a tribal God (a family fetish) to the God of confine economics to discovery of laws relating a nation, from that to the universal God these are the three successive stages of evo *THE PRESENT CONDITION OF ECONOMIC SCIENCE. By Edward Clark Lunt, A.M. New York: G.P. Putnam's Song, lution. Israel's evolution as worked out in THE NATIONAL REVENUES. A Collection of Papers by this book would be an anomaly, a freak of American Economists. Edited by Albert Shaw, Ph.D. nature. And the part of the Prophets, in Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co. Renan, becomes unreasonable. They preach THE POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY, for April, 1888. Elohim, and yet are Prophets of Yahwe! The from the "Scienza Delle Finanze" of Dr. Luigi Cossa, etymologies of Renan are also at fault. Abra- Professor in the University of Pavia, Italy. New York: ham is not the Pater Orchamus of Ovid. G. P. Putnam's Sons. Yahwe is not Assyrian, but, as our author HISTORY OF COOPERATION IN THE UNITED STATES. Vol. VI. of Johns Hopkins University Studies, Edited himself concedes as a possibility, the “God by Herbert B. Adams. Baltimore: N. Murray. of Sinai.” Hebrew is the Trans-Jordanian. THE STUDY OF POLITICS. By Wm. P. Atkinson, Pro. Egypt's contribution to Israel's religion was fessor in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Boston: Roberts Brothers. almost nothing. If Meyer and others go to IS PROTECTION A BENEFIT? A Plea for the Negative. one extreme in denying that the Hebrews By Edward Taylor. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co. were ever in Egypt, Renan stands at the THE GOVERNMENT YEAR BOOK. By Lewis Sargent. other. The 'Apru of the monuments may be CHURCH AND STATE. By Philip Schaff, D.D., LL.D. identical with the Hebrews; and still their New York: G. P. Putnam's Song. religion most certainly adopted not one-tenth LARGE FORTUNES. By Charles Richardson. Philadel. of what Renan would have us believe as phia: J. B. Lippincott Co. coming from the valley of the Nile. THE ART OF INVESTING. By a Broker. New York: D. Appleton & Co. As a literary production, this volume chal- PUBLIC DEBTS OF EUROPE. By Alfred Neymark. lenges our unqualified admiration; as a New York: Homan's Publishing Co. history, it is, though comparatively a failure, What SHALL WE DO WITH IT (THE SURPLUS). By Cleveland, Blaine, Watterson, and Edmunds. New York: by no means valueless. If not on the high- Harper & Brothers. lands of French scholarship which gave us PROPERTY IN LAND. By Henry Winn. New York: S. de Sacy and Caussin de Perceval, yet, such G. P. Putnam's Sons. as it is, it cannot but stimulate reflection, and THE RIGHT OF PROPERTY AND OWNERSHIP IN LAND. By Prof. W. T. Ilarris. Boston: Cupples & Hurd. excite and encourage the interest in Biblical INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS. A Treatise. By W. A, Sturdy. problems. Some of the translations of Biblical | PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF TAXATION. Translated New York: White & Allen. 1888.] 43 THE DIAL to wealth. The new school claim that the for convenience of reference. Thousands of creation of wealth is so intimately connected citizens of the United States will for the next with the health, morals, and other sociological few months be engaged in studying the ques- elements, that it cannot be treated separately; tion of our future finances. The coming and thus they extend the term “economics” Presidential election will doubtless hinge over the whole field of sociology. The reply upon that issue. During such political ex- is that the intimate relation between econom- | citement, it is inevitable that the current ics and ethics is fully admitted, but in order newspaper and magazine articles upon the to arrive at any definite result we must discuss subject should be so colored by personal pref- the tendency of laws, each by itself in its own erences and partisan bias as to be unfitted in field, and then study the bearing of each in a measure for the guidance of the honest in- the total result on society. This latter study quirer. To such students of the question this is sociology; the former is termed economics, book will be a boon, coming as it does from ethics, politics, hygienics, etc., according to persons removed from the arena of politics, the class of laws we are studying. There is whose names are guarantees of their ability, no gain in substituting the name “economics” and whose reputations are at stake for the for “sociology," and leaving the former branch soundness of their conclusions given over without a name. Astronomy and geology their own signatures. Of course, such brief rest for their conclusions each on a half-dozen papers find room only for the fruit of their tributary sciences - mathematics, chemistry, studies, rather than for the steps by which botany, zoölogy, etc.; but that is no reason they attained those results. Among so many why we should refuse to limit each of these able papers it would be invidious to distin- latter to its own field and include the whole guish any by general comment; and an ex- in the name of one branch. We gain noth tended review of any one of them would ing by the change of terms, and bring con require space beyond the limits of this article. fusion into the whole investigation. It is In the discussion of Taxation, two notable asserted by the “new school” that the old contributions have lately appeared. In the school ” use only the methods of deduction, current number of the “Political Science and they call it “ the d priori school.” But Quarterly,” President F. A. Walker has given Mr. Lunt shows that the criticism is baseless. an able examination of the several theories of From Adam Smith and Malthus down, the taxation. He classifies them under the four books of the English economists teem with heads: Taxes on property, income, expendi- historic matter, the basis and illustration of ture, and ability. Like most of General their theorems; while the inductionists can Walker's writings, the article is an example take nothing by their inductions until they of clear inductive reasoning; but, from its formulate principles of general application. | limits, it is inconclusive. The writer ap- It would be pleasant to follow this interesting proaches the subject from the side of the and logical investigation of a much mooted collector of taxes, without considering the question further; but as Mr. Lunt's book is one objects for which taxes are levied. What we which every economist will read, we will add most need now is a thorough and exhaustive only one remark in the way of criticism, examination of the purposes to which national, We think he has unwittingly magnified the state, county and town taxes are applied; differences of economists; at least, this would which would prepare the way for the exam- be the effect on persons little acquainted with ination of the question of their equitable the science. The differences of economists assessment, and the further question of their are very largely differences of nomenclature, efficient collection. and are far fewer and far less important than The second contribution alluded to above is their agreements. the translation of the “Principles and Meth- The study of political economy is gaining ods of Taxation" of Dr. Luigi Cossa, a noted rapidly on the public attention, and especially Italian economist, with an introduction by in the department of National Finance. A Horace White. The book is a cold, clear, most valuable contribution to the discussion critical examination of the various sources of of the dominant theme of the day in this national revenue, with as little coloring from country has been made in the publication of political preferences or personal opinions as in a collection of essays on “ The National algebra or geometry. The analysis approaches Revenues," written, on request, by eighteen the diagramic, and the statement and classifi- students and teachers of political economy, cations of principles are as brief and rigid as representing nearly as many colleges and | the English language can make them. The different sections of the country. The whole bare dry bones of revenue are here exposed to is edited by Dr. Albert Shaw, whose modest view; and while the skeleton appearance may and thorough work is already well-known to | repel many who do not care “to view the economists. Some twenty handy tables of subject in that bony light," as Mr. Venus statistics relating to our finances are added I would say, yet the book as a scientific analysis 44 (June, THE DIAL - -- will doubtless have an influence upon the kindred interests. His spirit is candid and settlement of the methods of taxation, now fair. His positions are well supported, and forced upon the decision of the people in this | his conclusions are just. His arguments are country. drawn from experience rather than from prin- Lack of space forbids us to notice as it de- ciples, and his book will therefore meet the serves the sixth volume of the “Johns Hop want of those who distrust d priori reasoning. kins University Studies in Historical and We heartily commend the book to those Political Science," edited by Prof. Herbert B. voters who wish to settle their minds on this Adams. It is a “History of Coöperation in | most prominent and important question of the the United States,” with an Introduction by day. Having thus cordially indorsed the work, Prof. Richard T. Ely. The work itself is on we are sorry to notice evidence of some care- the coöperative plan. Five Johns Hopkins lessness in its composition. Thus, in the sen- University men divided the United States into tence “ There are two general kinds of taxes, convenient sections, and each devoted his direct and indirect,” the words “ general” and work to his own section. The combined result “ kind” are opposed to each other in meaning, gives to the investigation completeness and ac and cannot be properly used together. The curacy unattainable by any one author. Three author's definition of the word “theory” of the studies have been previously published | lacks any authority or sustaining practice. as monographs. The subjects and writers His carelessness extends also to matters of are as follows: Coöperation in New England fact; as when, on page 84, he says, “There and the Middle States, by E. W. Bemis; has never been gold enough in the country, Coöperation in the West and Northwest, by and never will be, to pay for the imports of Albert Shaw and A. G. Warner; Coöperation on three months.” The gold in the country to- the Pacific Coast, by C. H. Shinn ; Coöperation day is over five hundred millions, and our in Maryland and the South, by D. R. Randall. imports are only seven hundred millions a The recent industrial disturbances indicate that | year. These figures show the impossibility the whole question of capital and labor is in a of paying for our imports with gold, for any state of ferment that will soon compel atten length of time; but it does not strengthen tion to every proposed solution. And though the argument to overstate them. We regret cooperation is, by its necessary limitations, that Mr. Taylor did not add a chapter on applicable to only a small portion of the total the influence of protection on Trusts and industry of the country, the gravity of the Monopolies, as that is an interesting topic situation demands of us candid consideration now, and has important bearing on the pend- of every method proposed to relieve, even ing question. partially, the distress arising from the con On June 21, 1788, New Hampshire ratified Aicting claims of labor and capital. the Constitution of the United States. In a Prof. William P. Atkinson has published few weeks we shall celebrate the centennial a lecture on the “Study of Politics,” which anniversary of that auspicious event. And it repudiates the social-contract theory of the is a fact worthy of note and remembrance that State, and adopts that of Evolution, viz.: that the instrument thus adopted is now the oldest the State is a growth. Prof. Atkinson makes written constitution among the nations of the many shrewd observations, some of which are world; so recent was the birth of strictly con- at least paradoxical, as “ The freest State is stitutional liberty among men. This was the the most despotic;” “The evils of a despotism bright consummate flower of the long struggle are not that it is despotic.” The style becomes through the centuries to secure the recognition quite tropical at times, as where he speaks of the truth that all just governments derive of “The gigantic and unprincipled brigand, their powers from the consent of the governed. Bonaparte.” There is an occasional careless But the rapid spread and development of use of words, that ought not to occur in the this principle is even more noteworthy. Few writings of a college instructor. He speaks of people are aware how wide has been our influ- an “obsolete despotism like that of Russia.” ence and how effective our example. During The despotism of Russia is, unfortunately, the century that has elapsed since the union of not obsolete, nor even obsolescent. The lec these States, the leaven of our example has ture was prepared for students still at school, worked throughout the world, even to the and will be chiefly useful to the young. uttermost regions of Asia and the islands of Mr. Edward Taylor has contributed a timely the sea. Not only have the British Provinces answer to the timely question “Is Protection in North America, Mexico, and the States of a Benefit?” He gives a brief sketch of the South America, adopted representative legis- history of protection in Europe; one chapter lative bodies, but England has entirely changed to the English commercial revolution and a the character of her government; France has running history of our own tariff changes; become a republic; Spain, Italy, Germany, and several chapters to the effect of protection Austria and Hungary have adopted constitu- on wages, prices, commerce, shipping, and I tions. Even Turkey promulgated a represent- 1888.] 45 THE DIAL ative constitution in 1876; but it remains a wealth in the hands of private persons, and dead letter. Russia has emancipated her serfs, points out in calm and kindly language the and in many ways shown that she is affected evil influence of riches on the possessors and by the advancing wave. Of over sixty gov on society at large. He favors restrictive leg- ernments of civilized people, only six, with islation, but questions its efficacy, and urges their dependencies,-China, India, Morocco, the potency of Christ's precepts and the pres- Persia, Russia, and Siam,-remain without sure of the moral influence of strong public some form of constitutional guaranty of the opinion on those who are disposed to take ad- liberty of the subject. Verily, “the world do vantage of the competitive system to burden move," in spite of Father Jasper. Where can themselves with indigestible wealth. The we find a more striking illustration of the be book is modest and readable, but should be neficent influence of good example and the effi classed with moral rather than with economic ciency of the revolutionary forces working essays. througb the nineteenth century? In “The Art of Investing,” by a New York We have been led to these remarks by the Broker, we have a purely practical guide in perusal of “The Government Year Book” for the great problem of keeping what we have 1888, edited by Lewis Sargent, which exhibits got. The author says very truly that “those the principal forms and methods of govern who hope to invest so as to get something for ment in each particular state, and reviews the nothing will very likely — and justly - find most striking events of each year, noting how | they have got nothing for something." He dis- they hinge upon and tend to modify political cusses concisely and clearly the various kinds institutions. The written constitutions are of stocks and bonds, and properly exposes and given in full, and a compact and symmetrical characterizes the methods employed by many account of methods of government is fur companies to boom their paper or fleece the nished. The author, by giving us the con public. The book is made up of essays already densed facts without obtruding his views, has published in the “Popular Science Monthly furnished us with a very useful hand-book of and “Forum” magazines. It is good reading ready reference, conveniently arranged with for those with or without money to invest, as full alphabetical index, which would be more it gives a very comprehensive view of the cap- valuable if it had a more durable binding. ital and debts of the country. The above-named work is admirably sup In this region of finance lies the pamphlet plemented by Prof. Philip Schaff's learned and of Alfred Neymark on “The Public Debts of exhaustive paper on “ Church and State in the Europe," reprinted from the “Banker's Maga- United States,” accompanied by official docu- | zine” of New York. It will prove valuable ments pertinent to the subject. This is No. 4 to only a narrow circle of readers,-namely, of the second volume of the valuable papers those interested in foreign securities and those of the American Historical Association, and studying the political situation. The debts of deals in a very able manner with a question civilized nations now amount to twenty-seven which has greatly perplexed less acute think. billions of dollars; and these debts this author ers in the study of our American institutions. has carefully analyzed and tabulated, giving We have utterly severed church and state, and all information that is desirable for investors. in our treaty with Tripoli bad formally an One significant fact noted is the steady decline nounced that “the United States of America | of interest in all countries in the last twenty were not in any sense founded on the Christian years,—from six and seven per cent. to four, religion.” Hence many had jumped to the | three, and even two and one-half per cent. on conclusion that we were an atheistic nation. good securities. The author, in some well-con- This idea Prof. Schaff disposes of by a care sidered remarks at the close, concludes that “all ful review of the history of the Federal con Europe, with the weight of military expendi- stitution and of the constitutions of the States, tures and burden of public debts and taxes fortifying his position by references to the crushing it, is marching toward war, ruin, and decisions of the courts and quotations from an inevitable industrial and economical revolu- official acts of the Presidents and legislatures. tion.” And he quotes high authority in sup- He shows that the connecting links are mar port of his position. riage, Sunday and educational laws, chaplains The pamphlet entitled “What Shall we do in the army and navy, Congress, and the leg. with it?" (the surplus) comprises the Message islatures. A chapter tracing the growth of of the President, Mr. Blaine's Paris Interview, religious freedom in Europe adds to our con Henry Watterson's article in Harper's Maga- fidence in coming civil liberty, and encourages zine for January 1888, and Senator Edmunds's the hope of ultimate religious freedom for all reply in the February number. It shows our the inhabitants of the earth. embarrassment to be one of riches and not of Charles Richardson, in his “Large Fortunes, debt, and, by the way of contrast, is cheerful or Christianity and the Labor Problem," dis- reading. This will doubtless be a well-worn cusses the influence of great accumulations of hand-book in the coming political campaign, 46 [June, THE DIAL as it states in clear contrast the positions of host of critical writers is showing us the very “form the great political parties as enunciated by and pressure" of many a past age. Such a work their recognized leaders. has been done for us in “Society in Rome under the Cæsars" (Scribner), by W. R. Inge, of King's Col- On the everlasting “land question,” we have, lege, Cambridge. The treatment of the subject is among “Questions of the Day,”a pamphlet by admirable in both selection and arrangement. Six Henry Winn, who has read Ricardo, and has chapters are given to a view of society as a whole; adopted Bastiat's theory that the value of while in the remaining four the life of a Roman land arises from the capital expended upon it, from the upper classes is portrayed in all the im- but has overlooked Mr. Walker's masterly portant stages of its earthly career, as well as in its reply to that theory. The work is rather a daily routine and in that large portion of it which series of attacks on Henry George than any amusements occupied. The religion, philosophy, and morality which inspired first-century life, the serious attempt to satisfactorily solve the ques- government which controlled it, the culture which tion of land ownership. ameliorated it, the social classes which made it up, In the same field, Prof. W. T. Harris has re each receives a chapter in the former portion. The printed his address before the Social Science quotation from Champigny," for the Roman the Association at Saratoga, on “The Right of immortality of the family and of the fatherland was Property and Ownership of Land." Those substituted for the immortality of his soul," --sounds who are acquainted with Prof. Harris will not the key-note of the chapter on religion; whilst the need to be informed that this is a philosophical vigorous assault which the testimony of the fathers shows the early Church making upon the old faiths and not an economic paper. By the constitu- is justly cited as an indication that positive faith tion of his mind he is incapable of limiting was by no means a thing of the past among the pagans his thought to the lines of any one science, of the empire.” The position of the stoic philoso- and easily traverses the territories of econom- | phy in the midst of Roman thought and conduct is ics, ethics, and ästhetics, in a single sentence. ably defined in the second chapter, and the chapter He readily sacrifices definiteness and intensity on morality gives an instructive diagnosis of that to breadth and comprehensiveness, and loses diseased condition of the Roman mind produced by the blood-frenzy of the amphitheatre. The pres- sight of the particular in the general. His entation of the various classes of society is compre- definition of property is characteristic. He hensive, although we looked for a fuller account of says: “Property is the means of transferring the industrial classes. We commend this book to the products of the will of the individual to every college student, to every reader of Gibbon, the race, and at the same time the means of and to every one who reads his New Testament his participating in the products of the race.” with an eye upon the social environment amid which In such lights does he view all economic the Christian Church began its career. problems. ONE may condemn the method of making a book, William A. Sturdy has written what he calls and yet value it for what it has brought together “A Treatise upon Man's Powers and Duties," in one cover. Such must be the position taken under the various heads of “Free Will,” toward “The Causes of the French Revolution" “Education,” “Society,” “Fashion,” and (Holt), by Richard H. Dabney. The writer hopes, “Government.” The breadth of the subject is and his hope is justified by the event, “that, in a more than equalled by the breadth of treat- short space, he has given a more comprehensive ment, as the author writes entirely untram- account of the causes of the great upheaval than has thus far appeared.” In a small volume of melled by any knowledge on these topics or any three hundred pages he has clearly and comprehen- definite views of his own. His facility of ex- sively set forth the multifarious causes-social, pression overlaps his fund of ideas on all sides; political, economic, religious, literary-of what he and, like the great Shakespeare, he scorns the calls the most extraordinary event of the Christian narrow-minded conventionalities of ordinary Era. The reader will no longer wonder that the grammar. He is generous in punctuation, but French Revolution came, but that it was so long in his method of using these marks is so unique coming. The book is a good introduction to the and original as to distinguish him from study of the Revolution itself in the pages of Mr. all other authors. His orthography is perfect, so H. M. Stephens's partially completed masterpiece. The writer, however, seems to have drawn his in- far as we have observed. formation almost entirely from secondary sources. JAMES F. Claflin. Madame Campan and Arthur Young are apparently the only contemporary writers whom he has used, - -- -- -- - and his authorities seem to be principally Louis BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. Blanc, Taine, De Tocqueville, and Buckle. Yet if the writer had merely chosen to gather his facts in The time has gone by when readers of history this second-hand fashion, we should have no con. were satisfied with a narrative confined to the pub troversy with him except on the score of thorough- lic occurrences of an epoch or of a nation's life, and ness. But we read in the preface: “In preparing the historian of to-day must point our gaze beneath the work, the author has not only made use of the the surface of events and let us see the social con facts recorded by the above-mentioned writers and ditions which bear up the battles and dynasties. others [Buckle, etc.), but has also used their Lord Macaulay began this kind of writing; Mr. thoughts, and even their language, when it seemed Green has brilliantly outstripped him; and to-day a | best to do so. In passages where the language of 1888.] 47 THE DIAL any writer has been paraphrased for the sake of This volume contains adequate accounts of the condensation, or for other reasons, no quotation military events, and some extracts describing the marks have of course been employed. For such manners and customs of the Irish. It is a dis- cases this general acknowledgment, it is hoped, appointment that these extracts throw so little light will suffice, and will relieve the author of the neces upon the government and the social organization sity of loading his margin with references.” The of the people: it would be of great value if we had alternative means of avoiding the margins loaded a description of those in the twelfth century as full with references, even for one who does not furnish and graphic as those of Spenser and Sir John Davis his own thoughts—to at least furnish the medium four hundred years later. These volumes ought to of expression-would seem an obvious one. come into extensive use in our schools, as an indis- pensable supplement to the school text-books. The Rev. A. H. Lewis, D.D., author of "A Criti Nothing is so important in the study of history as cal History of Sunday Legislation " (Appleton), is to come into actual contact with the times, by the an advocate of the Seventh-day, or old Jewish Sab use of the writers of the time. bath. This fact should be borne in mind by the readers of this volume, for it will explain why the A VOLUME of correspondence which begins with history is, at many points, more partisan than criti Wordsworth and ends with Swinburne has no little cal. The author begins his investigations with the ground to cover, and can give us only glimpses reign of Constantine, A.D. 321, and brings them when we would like views. This is the range of down to the year 1888. The opening chapter dis the volume of the correspondence of Sir Henry cusses the origin and philosophy of Sunday legisla Taylor which has just been edited for us by Pro- tion. Then the author proceeds to recount the fessor Dowden. When we consider the importance history of Sunday legislation under the Roman of the man and the interest of everything relating empire and after its fall, devoting a chapter to to him and to his friends, we are hardly prepared each. He next discusses the Saxon laws concern to forgive his editor for giving us so little; for ing the day, the Sunday laws in England, those Professor Dowden himself admits that from the let- laws which were enacted during the Puritan ters placed in his hands “it would have been easier Supremacy, the early Sunday laws of Scotland, to have taken material for two volumes than for Ireland, Wales, and Holland, Sunday legislation one." (How, by the way, did Professor Dowden in America during the colonial period and since ever come to write such a sentence as that?) The in all the states and territories of the Union. From term “correspondence of Henry Taylor" means in this wide field and extended period of time the the present case the letters written to as well as by author has gathered an immense amount of valuable the illustrious poet-statesman, so that we find in information, which is well classified and arranged, our collection unpublished letters of Wordsworth, and is put in a compact form. This makes the vol Macaulay, Aubrey De Vere, and many other noted ume an important and valuable contribution to the persons. It is needless to say that this collection literature of the Sabbath question. But the author's of letters is deeply interesting, and that it must hobby makes him at times an untrustworthy inter take its place in every library of English litera- preter of some of his facts and an unsound reasoner ture by the side of Taylor's autobiography and of from them. One interesting fact which he brings the splendid series of works in verse and prose of out is worth repeating here, since it will correct a which “Philip Van Artevelde,” is the best known. widely-prevalent mistake. It is that Virginia and Taylor was the last of the great men born in the not Massachusetts, the Cavalier and not the Puritan, eighteenth century, being left the patriarch of was the first in this country to enact rigorous Sun- English letters by the death of Carlyle. That posi- day laws. Three years before the Plymouth colony tion may now be claimed by Cardinal Newman, who was founded, or in 1617, the Cavaliers of Virginia was born in the first year of the present century. enacted a law-the first that they ever promulgated - which provided that he who did not attend MR. JONES's “Negro Myths from the Georgia church on Sunday “should pay a fine of two Coast” (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.) is a volume of pounds of tobacco." Such a law enacted and en folk-lore quite in the line of “Uncle Remus," and forced now would greatly increase church attend serves as a useful complement to Mr. Harris's vol- ance throughout the country, or result in an enor ume. The variations in dialect and manners found mously increased demand for tobacco. in the upland and on the sea-coast are well marked in the two collections. Mr. Jones's stories are often Two new volumes of “English History from the same as Mr. Harris's, but much shorter and less Contemporary Writers” (Putnam) are devoted to elaborate, -illustrating, perhaps, the lower stage of "Strongbow's Conquest of Ireland” and “Simon civilization at which the coast negroes stand. de Montfort and his Cause." The latter volume is Their dialect, too, is ruder and more unintelligible. properly a sequel to “The Misrule of Henry III.," It seems to us, however, that the spelling is un- and is by the same editor, Rev. W. H. Hutton. necessarily distorted; in the phonetic spelling of The two volumes taken together present a tolera dialects there is always a temptation to excess, and bly complete view of this long, confused, but very it is hard to know just where to draw the line. But important reign. The volume upon the Conquest very often it appears as if the accepted spelling of Ireland, edited by F. P. Barnard, is especially would give the sound quite as well as the uncouth timely. To understand the present condition of form presented to the eye. Our dialect writers Ireland, we need to know the successive steps by would do well to make it a rule always to preserve which this island came under English rule; and the orthography of the spelling-book when pos- although the later stages of the conquest, in the six- sible. In this point of view the book before us is a teenth and seventeenth centuries, and the "settle sinner above all others. No doubt the dialect of ments" at this period, are the most important to the sea islands requires more variation from the study, no phase in the series of events is indifferent. I correct spelling than any other negro dialect; but 48 [June, THE DIAL we must say that Mr. Harris's “Daddy Jack," TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. especially as he is brought directly in contact JUNE, 1888. with “Uncle Remus,” gives a better notion of this Animal Magnetism. Titus Munson Coan. Dial. dialect, with less twisting of the forms, than Mr. Animals and Environment. J. B. Steere. Pop. Science. Jones's painful cacography. While this seems to Candle Flame. 0. Fievez. Popular Science. Capri. Mary E. Vandyne. Harper. us a real fault in the book, we would heartily recog- Chicago. Charles D. Warner. Harrer. nize its value as a contribution to folk-lore, and as Civics, Recent Books on. J. F. Claflin. Dial. Civil War, History of the. John C. Ropes. Dial. a capital collection of short stories. “Br Rabbit" Commercial Depression. H, G. S. Noble. Popular Science. becomes here "Buh Rabbit," no doubt a real differ Darwinism and Christianity. Popular Science. ence in usage. We are surprised that even in the Degree of Ph.D. in Germany. E. J. James. Andover. Drinking, Moderate. G. Harley. Popular Science. sea-coast stories of Georgia we never meet with the Earned Decrease vs. Unearned Increase. Popular Science. "* Co'" (Cousin) of the South Carolina islands. Education and Employment of Children. Popular Science. Englishman's Note-Book in America. Mag. Am. Hist. European Deaconesses. Mrs. C. M. Mead. Andover. LOVERS of Irish fun will be delighted with Mr. Geological Tourist in Europe. A. C. Lane. Pop. Sci. McAnally's “Irish Wonders ” (Houghton, Mifflin Hancock, John, Incidents in Life of. Mag. Am. Hist. Henry, John, Cardinal Newman, A, Birrell. Scribner. & Co.), a handsome well-illustrated volume, con Hospital Life. A, B. Ward. Scribner. taining not only stories, but also sober descriptions Immigrants, Distribution of. E. W. Bemis. Andover. Infants, Imitation in. W. Preyer. Popular Science. of antiquities and popular superstitions. If we Inquisition, History of the. W.F. Allen. Dial. should define the work precisely, we should say Israel, History of. E. G, Hirsch. Dial. that it does not contain true folk-lore-that is, Izard, General. G. E. Manigault. Mag. Am. Hist. Japan, Our Treaties with. W. E. Griffis. Andover. popular tales of an impersonal character, derived Kansas. Robert Hay. Harper. from the habits of thought and observation of prim- Lamb, Letters of. E. G. Johnson. Dial. London as a Literary Centre. R. R. Bowker. Harper. itive society—but rather legends, attached to dis- Madagascar. C.C. Starbuck. Andover. tinct localities and persons. The supernatural Mayas, Conquest of the. Alice Le Plongeon. Mag.Am. Hist. Nias and Its People. H, Sundermann. Popular Science. element runs through most of the stories, chiefly Packard, Prof. A. S. J.S. Kingsley. Popular Science. associated with Satan, who is the favorite subject, Railways. T. C. Clarke. Scribner. being generally outwitted by the popular Saint of Reply to the Duke of Argyll. Herbert Spencer. Pop. Sci. Religion and University Life. D. N. Beach. Andover. the locality. The dialect is graphically given. Seward, W. H. Recollections of. Mag. Am. Hist. We wonder if it is a slip on the part of an Amer Surplus Revenue. Edward Atkinson. Popular Science. Theology, An Institute of. G. A. Jackson. Andover, icanized Irishman which gives us “fall" for Virginia, Popular Government in, 1606. 1776. Mag. Am. Hist. “autumn,” and “boss," or whether these words are Webster's Visit to Missouri. W. A. Wood. Mag. Am. Hist. really in use among the people of Ireland. A feat- ure of the stories which surprises us is the constant slurs at the female sex, with regard to which the BOOKS OF THE MONTH. tone is almost invariably disparaging; this we [The following List contains all New Books, American and For. should not have expected of the Irish people. The eign, received during the month of May by MESSRS. first story (perhaps the best) ends with the remark A. C. MCCLURG & Co., Chicago.) that “whin she gives her attinshun to it, any woman can be the divil complately.” A good BIOGRAPHY. specimen of the wit of the book is where the intox- of Walter Harriman. With Selections from his icated Dennis O'Rourke, on his way home from the Speeches and Writings. By Amos Hadley. 8vo, pp. 385. Gilt top. Portraits. Houghton, Miffin & Co. $2.50. fair, “ fell in the ditch, quite spint and tired com- Burke. By John Morley. New Edition. 12mo, pp. 315. plately. It wasn't the length as much as the wide Macmillan & Co. $1.50. ness av the road was in it, fur he was goin' from Adelaide Ristori. Studies and Memoirs. An Auto. wan side to the other, and it was too much for him biography. “Famous Women Series." Roberts Bros. $1. Percy Bysshe Shelley. A Monograph. By H. S. Salt. intirely." Portrait. 16mo, pp. 277. London. Net, 90 cents. WHEN we look into Mr. F. H. Hedge's recent Cardinal Wolsey. By Mandel Creighton, LL.D., etc. 12mo, pp. 226. "Twelve English Statesmen." Macmillan volume, lettered on the back “Martin Luther," & Co. Flex, 60 cents; Library Edition, 75 cents. and within “Martin Luther and Other Essays” William the Third. By H. D. Traill. 12mo, pp. 204. Roberts), we feel a brief resentment, because the "Twelve English Statesmen." Macmillan & Co. Flex, 60 cents. Library Edition, 75 cents. part played by “Martin Luther" is so small (37 pp.) and that played by “Other Essays" is so large Life of Victor Hugo. By F. T. Marzials. 12mo, pp. 224. London. 40 cents. (289 pp.). The title is somewhat of a misnomer, Abraham Lincoln. A Biography for Young People. all the more so because some of the other essays are By Noah Brooks. Illustrated. 12mo, pp. 476. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.75. better, as regards sympathy, taste, and style, than the titular head of the collection. Mr. Hedge HISTORY. adopts a hero-worshipping attitude before Luther, The Campaign in Virginia 1781. An Exact Reprint of Six Rare Pamphlets on the Clinton.Cornwallis as the “providential man” with the “dæmonic Controversy, with very numerous important unpub- glance." The book is merely a bundle of carefully lished manuscript notes. By Sir Henry Clinton, K.B. And the omitted and hitherto unpublished portions written essays and occasional addresses. Six of the of the letters in their appendixes added from the or thirteen pieces in this bundle have already appeared inal manuscripts. With a supplement containing ex. in various periodicals. Of the addresses, the one tracts from the journals of the House of Lords. A French translation of papers laid before the House, entitled "Conservatism and Reform" was de- and a catalogue of the additional correspondence of livered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Clinton and of Cornwallis, in 1780-81: about 3,456 papers Harvard, and others on Unitarian anniversaries. relating to the controversy or bearing on affairs in America. Compiled, collated, and edited (with bio- Mr. Hedge's style is occasionally rendered some graphical notices in a copious index) by B, F. Stevens, what turgid by the effort to express more in a 2 vols., 8vo. Gilt tops. London. Net, $10.00. The Pilgrim Republic, An Historical Review of the sentence than a sentence ought to hold. In the main, Colony of New Plymouth. 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