illuminated board covers, $1.00.
est award when put in competition.
HYMNS FOR CHILDREN. By SARAH WILSON,
with tunes by Sir Arthur Sullivan. Illustrated by
| Never been beaten. Its capacity for
Jane M. Dealy and Fred Marriott. Uniform in size
and style with “Children's Prayers." 24 pages in
speed beyond that of any other type-
monochrome, 7% X 6', cover in colors, tied with gold
and silver cord, colored edges, 50 cents.
writer, and at its highest speed the
THE WITCHES' FROLIC. From the “ Ingoldsby
work is as perfect as at its lowest; in
Legends." Illustrated by Ernest M.JESSUP. Twenty. | this respect unapproachable by any
four full.page designs, printed in purple ink with red
initial letters. Uniform in size with “ Jackdaw of other machine. Increased manifolding
Rheims," etc. Imperial 8vo, cloth, $3.00.
capacity, noise reduced to a minimum,
GRAY'S ELEGY. The Elegy Written in a Coun-
try Churchyard. By THOMAS GRAY, 21 pages in mono.
and a pleasant elastic touch which does
chrome and letter-press, 74 X 6, tied with gold cord,
gilt edges, 50 cents.
not weary the operator.
In fine bindings, from $1.25 to $3.00.
Send for descriptive pamphlet and
FIVE MINUTES STORIES. By Mrs. MOLES-
| specimen of writing, to
WORTH, author of "Carrots,” etc. With numerous
wood.cut illustrations, printed in colors. Small 4to,
THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO.,
cloth, cover illuminated in gold and colors, $1.25.
Also uniform with “ Five Minutes."
206 La Salle St., Chicago, III,
THE ZOO. Stories and Pictures of Natural History. By
the Rev. J. G. WOOD.
PUFF. An Autobiography. By KATHARINE S. MACQUOID.
HARPSTRINGS. Extracts from the Psalms for
the Morning and the Evening of each Day in the
Month. 35 illustrations-17 lithographed in 16 colors,
ALL STYLES, ALL GRADES.
and 18 lithographed in monochrome. Small 4to, illu.
minated board covers, $1.25.
In fine bindings, from $2.00 to $3.50.
NURSE'S MEMORIES. A Series of Juvenile
ROUND AND HEXAGON
Stories. By CHARLOTTE M. YONGE. Illustrated by
Florence Maplestone and Fred Marriott. 40 pages in
colors and monochrome, 9'4 x 7%, bound in illumi.
nated paper boards, colored edges, $1.50 each.
STEERING HOME. A Scripture Text-book, with
(PATENTED.)
Poems for every day in the month. Thirty-six illus. The Best Pencil for Free-Hand Drawing, School, Mer-
trations-18 in colors and 18 in monochrome. Illu.
cantile and General Uses.
minated board covers, 50 cents; in fine bindings, from
$1.00 to $2.00.
EAGLE PENCILS,
EAGLE, No. 242,
GOLD PENCILS
Our FINE ARTS,
SUNDAY: The volume for 1888 is now ready, con.
taining upwards of 250 original illustrations, and a per.
fect storehouse of Good Stories for the Little Ones. Ulu.
minated paper boards, $1.25 ; cloth, cover in gold and
colors, gilt edges, $2.00.
The most perfect Pencil made. Graded 6B to 6H,
15 degrees, for Artists, Engineers and
Draughtsmen.
COLORED CRAYONS,
THE ENGLISH EDITIONS OF MRS. J. H. Ewing's BOOKS
can be obtained at any book-store. The latest volume is
SNAP-DRAGONS, A Tale of Christmas Eve; and
OLD FATHER CHRISTMAS, an old-fashioned tale of
the Young Days of a Grumpy old Godfather. Illus.
trated by Gordon Browne. Engraved and printed by
Edmund Evans. Small 4to, paper boards, 30 cents, net;
by mail, 34 cents.
A special list of Mrs. Ewing's books will be sent on application.
OVER FIFTY COLORS.
Preferable to Water Colors in many ways.
The STOP-GAUGE,
E. & J. B. YOUNG & CO.,
COOPER UNION, NEW YORK.
Automatic Pencil. Is an entirely new article, and it
is the ne plus ultra of all Pencils.


1888. ]
223
THE DIAL
OF FRESH INTEREST.
Artistic PRESENTS
PERMANENT VALUE.
OF
THE HUMAN MYSTERY IN HAMLET :
An Attempt to Say an Unsaid Word; With Sug-
gestive Parallelisms from the Elder Poets. By
MARTIN WARREN COOKE, President New York
State Bar Association. 16mo. Vellum cloth, HIGH-CLASS MODERN ETCHINGS,
gilt top, $1.00.
TASTEFULLY FRAMED.
“I have read it . . . with interest in a theme i
whose infinite variety custom cannot stale, and admira.
tion for the earnestness and skill where with Mr. Cooke
pleads for his theory."-HORACE HOWARD FURNESS.
Messrs. A. C. McClurg & Co. bave
PLYMOUTH PULPIT SERMONS.
By HENRY WARD BEECHER. Covering the period received from Messrs. Frederick Kebbel
from Sept. 1873 to Sept. 1875. Four new vols., & Co., of New York, a consignment of
600 pp. each. Garnet cloth, $1.50 per vol.
“The period of Mr. Beecher's deepest trouble.... the newest and finest Etcbings — in-
the ripest and best portion of his ministry."--Christian
Union.
cluding five which have won prizes at
PATRIOTIC ADDRESSES
the last Paris “Salon," and which cost
In America and England: 1850 to 1885. By HENRY
WARD BEECHER. 8vo, 857 pp. Illustrated respectively from $8 to $80. They will
with Portraits. Garnet cloth, $2.75.
be on view and for sale during the
“ No library and no public man should be withiout a
copy of this valuable volume."-WILLIAM M. EVARTS.
month of December.
NORWOOD:
Or, Village Life in New England. A Novel. By
HENRY WARD BEECHER. New, popular edition.
$1.25.
JOSEPH GILLOTT'S
" It will bear to be read and re-read as often as Dick.
ins' "Dombey'or · David Copperfield.'"-Albany Evening STEEL PENS.
Journal.
BEECHER’S WORKS.
GOLD MEDAL, PARIS, 1878.
Evolution and Religion, $1.50; Royal Truths, $1. 25;
His Celebrated Numbers
A Summer in England (1886), $2.00; Comfort-
303—404–170—604–332
ing Thoughts, 75 cents and $1.00; Yale Lectures
and his other styles, may be had of all dealers
on Preaching (3 vols. in one), $2.00; Beecher as
throughout the world.
a Humorist, $1.00; Plymouth Pulpit (back num -
JOSEPH GILLOTT & SONS, NEW YORK,
bers; send for list and rates).
TENANTS OF AN OLD FARM.
Dr. McCook's now famous and fascinating Story of
Insect Life, scientifically accurate and charm-
FINE GRADES OF
ing in style. Illustrated comically by Dan C.
Offenbach Photograph Albums,
BEARD and scientifically by the author. Pub.
lished at $2.50: selling this season at $1.50.
ALSO
LIBRARY OF POETRY AND SONG.
CARD AND AUTOGRAPH ALBUMS,
WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT's choice and comprehen-
| Scrap Books, Portfolios, Binders, Writing Desks,
Scrap Books, Fortfolios,
Chess Boards, Etc.
sive anthology-2,000 Poems from 600 Poets.
Illustrated, and elegantly bound for gifts.
Koch, SONS & Co., NEW YORK,
FORDS, HOWARD, & HULBERT,
IMPORTERS.
30 LAFAYETTE PLACE, NEW YORK,
** Our goods are sold at the principal bookstores. The Trade
** Send for our selected catalogue of American books. supplied by the leading jobbers.
HAMMANN & KNAUER'S


224
[Dec.,
THE DIAL
-
LEE AND SHEPARD'S HOLIDAY BOOKS.
“ A WONDERFUL POETIC ART BOOK.”
SEPIATINT SOUVENIRS.
DAYS SERENE. Original illustrations by Mar-
Hlustrated by J. PAULINE SUNTER.
garet MacDonald Pullman. Engraved on wood
| A CHRISTMAS CAROL. By DinAI MARIA Mu-
LOCK, author of “ John Halifax." Printed on heavy
by George T. Andrew, and printed under his direc-
board in sepiatint and gold, gilt edges, ribboned
tion. Royal oblong quarto, emblematic cover, and boxed. Price, $1.00.
twenty-six full-page, original illustrations, full | “A FRIEND STANDS AT THE DOOR." By Di-
gilt, size, 10, x 145. Cloth, $5.00 ; Turkey mo NAH MARIA MULOCK, author of “John Halifax."
rocco, $12.50 ; tree-calf, $12.50; English-seal style, $9.
Printed on heavy board in sepiatint and gold, gilt
edges, ribboned and boxed. Price, $1.00.
THE SEPIATINT CALENDAR.
“PEERLESS-JEROME” ART BOOKS.
ALL AROUND THE YEAR. A charming Illus-
By IRENE E. JEROME. Engraved on wood by Andrew, trated Calendar for 1889. Br J. PAULINE SUNTER.
and printed under his direction.
Consists of beautiful Original designs, on heavy
board in sepiatint and gold, gilt edges, ornamented
A BUNCH OF VIOLETS gathered by IRENE E.
with rings and chains in silver, with silk tassel,
JEROME. 4to, cloth, $3.75 ; Turkey morocco, $9.00; and boxed. Price, 50 cents.
tree-calf, $9.00 ; English-seal style, $7.00.
ONE YEAR'S SKETCH BOOK. In same bindings WHITE, BLACK, AND GOLD SERIES.
and at same price as “ Nature's Ilallelujah."
On fine paper, profusely illustrated, and bound in white,
NATURE'S HALLELUJAH. Elegantly bound in black, and gold, with new and original dies, making
gold cloth, full gilt, gilt edges, $6.00 ; Turkey mo very attractive books. Per volume, $1.50.
rocco, $15; tree-calf, $15; English-seal style, $10.
ADVENTURES OF A CHINAMAN. By JULES
THE MESSAGE OF THE BLUEBIRD). Told to
VERNE. 50 full-page illustrations.
Me to Tell to others. Cloth and gold, $2.00; Pal-
atine boards, ribbon ornaments, $1.00.
LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS. From Washing-
ton to Cleveland, with new portraits.
OUR STANDARD-BEARER. OLIVER OPTIC's
THE REGAL BEAUTIES.
Life of Gen. U.S. Grant, with full-page illustrations.
Printed on extra super-calendered paper at the Uni-
PERSEVERANCE ISLAND: Or, The Robinson
versity Press. Gilt edges, 50 cents each.
Crusoe of the 19th Century, by DOUGLAS FRAZAR,
The covers are the best quality of heavy bristol board with full-page illustrations.
with pebbled surface, ragged edges, and original water.
FIGHTING PHIL. The Life of Gen. Philip H.
color designs by American artists, ench cover containing
two beautiful pictures. Eight favorites have been se. Sheridan,by HEADLEY,with full-page illustrations.
lected for this unique style:
NEARER, MY GOD, TO THEE; HOME, SWEET HOME; DORA,
NEW JUVENILES.
BY TENNYSON; ROCK OF AGES; ABIDE WITH ME; CUR.
FEW MUST NOT RING TO-NIGHT; O WHY SHOULD THE
OLIVER OPTIC'S NEW SERIES.
SPIRIT OF MORTAL BE PROUD? MY FAITH LOOKS UP
Το ΤΗΕΕ.
THE BLUE AND THE GRAY. 1st vol., Taken
by the Enemy. Cloth illustrated, $1.50.
A series of volumes founded on events in the Civil War,
THE DAINTY MINIATURES.
which, like the famous Army and Navy Stories, will be
true to historic events.
Include twelve of “Lee & Shepard's Favorites" in par-
TWO NEW VOLUMES BY J. T. TROW BRIDGE.
ticularly attractive dress, Covers of heavy bristol-
board with pebbled surface, ragged edges, and
A START IN LIFE, Illustrated, price, $1.00.
BIDING HIS TIME; Or, Andrew Hapnell's For-
decorative illustrations in manifold water-colors
tune. Illustrated, $1.00.
and gold. 25 cents each.
PENN SHIRLEY'S NEW STORY.
These little volumes are “as dainty as the leaf of a
lily." of exquisite design, each cover displaying a work LITTLE MISS WEEZY'S BROTHER. By the
of art. The favorites selected for this style are:
anthor of "Little Miss Weezy." Cloth, illustrated,
CURFEW MUST NOT RING TO-NIGHT; ROCK OF AGES;
75 cents.
GRAY'S ELEGY; O WHY SHOULD THE SPIRIT OF MOR.
THE STORY MOTHER NATURE TOLD HER
TAL BE PROUD? HOME, SWEET HOME; NEARER, MY
GOD, TO THEE; MY FAITI LOOKS UP TO THEE; THAT CHILDREN. By JANE ANDREWS, author of
GLORIOUS SONG OF OLD; IT WAS THE CALM AND SI. “ Seven Little Sisters," etc. Cloth, illustrated, $1.
LENT NIGHT; THE BREAKING WAVES DASHED HIGH;
THE YEAR'S BEST DAYS. Stories and Poems
RING OUT WILD BELLS; ABIDE WITH ME.
for Young People, by RosA HARTWICK THORPE,
author of Curfew Xust Not Ring To-night," etc.
LEE AND SHEPARD'S GOOD COMPANY. Cloth, illustrated, about $1.00.
Modern Classics, in neat 16mo volumes, good type, Eng- THE KING OF THE GOLDEN RIVER. JOHN
lish-cloth binding, 50 cents per volume.
RUSKIN'S “Little Classic," with all the original
illustrations. Fine edition. Cloth, gilt, $1.00.
FIRESIDE SAINTS, Mr. Caudle's Breakfast Talk,
| UP THE NORTH BRANCH. A Summer's Outing,
and Other Papers, by DOUGLAS JERROLD; THE
by Capt. CHARLES A. J. FARRAR. 16mo, cloth,
WISHING-CAP PAPERS, by LEIGH HUNT;
illustrated, $1.25, being the fourth volume of Field
THE LOVER, by RICHARD STEELE ; DREAM-
THORPE, by ALEXANDER SMITH; A PHYSI-
and Forest Stories.
CIAN'S PROBLEMS, by CHARLES ELAM; CHRISTOPHER P. CRANCH'S STORIES. A NEW EDITION.
BROKEN LIGHTS, an inquiry into the present
THE LAST OF THE HUGGERMUGGERS. Illus-
condition and future prospects of religious life, by
FRANCES POWER COBBE; RELIGIOUS DUTY,
trated, $1.00.
Teaching of duty, offences, faults, and obligations | KOBBOLTOZO. A sequel to “The Last of the Hug.
in religious life, by FRANCES POWER COBBE.
germuggers.” Profusely illustrated, $1.00.
Sold by all booksellers, or sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price.
LEE AND SHEPARD, Publishers, 10 Milk STREET, BOSTON.


1888.]
225
THE DIAL
DS
PRANG'S ART BOOKS
For 1888-89.
BABY'S LULLABY BOOK--MOTHER SONGS. | A GAY DAY FOR SEVEN. By Mrs. Rose
By CHARLES STUART PRATT. Water-colors by W.L. MUELLER SPRAGUE. Oblong quarto. 9x712 inches.
Taylor. Music by G.W. Chadwick. Large quarto, 11x 13 In illustrated board cover, $1.25.
inches, in rich Surah sateen of delicate shades printed
A most acceptable gift to any child.
with a special design by W. L. Taylor, $7.50; same in
padded seal, with gilt edge and rounded corners, $12.50. MOUNT DESERT- AUTOGRAPHS. Illustra-
Probably the finest and most elaborate art publication tions by LOUIS K. HARLOW of views in and about
of this character ever attempted. An elegant gift-book Mount Desert. With many blank leaves for auto.
for a young mother.
graphs. In hand decorated cover, $2.00.
THE HOME OF SHAKESPEARE. After water THE OLD GARDEN. By Rose TERRY COOKE.
color sketches, painted on the spot, by LOUIS K. HAR. Illustrated by Harriet D. Andrews and Mary K. Tal.
Low. 8 full.page illustrations in color, and 8 mono.
cott. 9x104 inches. In rich Surah sateen, with ap.
chrome plates with appropriate text from Shakes.
propriate design in colors, $1.50.
peare. Oblong 4to, llxsi inches, bound in cloth in
two colors and gold, tinted edges, $3.00.
A volume full of the brightness and simple beauty of
the old-fashioned flowers of fifty years ago.
WHAT THE BIRD SAID TO BERTHA. By
LIZBETH B. COMINS. Illustrated by the author. Ob.
THE CHRISTMAS PROCESSIONAL. A Poem.
long octavo, 9x5 inches, paper covers in colors and By “TERTIUS." Illustrations by Louis K. Harlow.
gold, 60 cents.
In unique cover, with hand painted title, $1.50; same,
in imitation seal skin, with hand painted title, $2.00.
This is a modern fairy tale. The illustrations are in full
artistic accord with the literary excellence of the story.
COME, SUNSHINE, COME. A Poem. From
THE BIRDS' CHRISTMAS. Poem and illustra the French, by CHARLES VINCENT. Illustrations in
tions by LIZBETH B. COMINS. 6x6 inches. Paper cover
photogravure by Louis K. Harlow. Vignettes by F.
in colors and gold, 50 cents.
Schuyler Mathews. In fine hand-decorated cover.
fastened with ribbons and bows, 81, X10%, inches, $4.00.
A charming Christmas poem for young children, full of
the best and purest thought, expressed in simple and OLD STORIES IN NEW ATTIRE (Costume
touching language.
Pictures). By Mrs. ROSE MUELLER SPRAGUE. 8 illus.
CHRISTMAS MINCE PIE WITH SHAKES trations in color of characters from Mother Goose
PEAREAN SPICE. By LIZZIE K. HARLOW. Mono.
Rhymes and Fairy Tales. 4to, in hand-decorated
chrome illustrations of the ingredients of a mince paper cover, $2.00.
pie, with Shakespearean text, in cover resembling
LOUISA MAY ALCOTT,- THE CHILDREN'S
upper and lower pie crust, 50 cents.
FRIEND. By EDNAH D. CHENEY. Illustrated by Liz-
A most realistic and tempting piece of pie, in which
beth B. Comins. 10x7 inches. Cloth, $1.00.
one discerns the fork-holes and fluted edge of the upper
A welcome gift to the many men and women whose
crust, as natural as in life.
memories dwell with love in Miss Alcott's beautiful
THE VOICE OF THE GRASS. A Poem. By stories.
SARAH ROBERTS. Illustrated by Louis K. Harlow. 8x6
ECHOES IN AQUARELLE FROM ALONG
inches. In unique paper cover, with hand painted
title, $2.00; the same, bound in silk plush and satin,
SHORE. Illustrations by Louis K. Harlow of views in
$3.00.
and about Mount Desert, with appropriate verses.
4to, in unique paper cover, with hand painted title,
GOLDEN MILESTONES. Poetic selections. Il $2.00; same, in rich silk plush and satin, $3.00.
lustrated by Louis K. HARLOW. 8x6 inches. In hand.
decorated paper cover, $1.50.
AUTOGRAPH RECIPES. By ALICE G. SHELDON
and JEAN H. WARD. In rich Surah sateen, elegantly
THE HOME OF EVANGELINE. Illustrated by printed in colors, 10x7 inches, $2.00.
LOUIS K. HARLOW. Oblong octavo, 76x5 inches, in This is no ordinary autograph volume, but something
imitation snake-skin, $2.00.
distinctly original. It is intended to preserve the auto-
graphs of your friends in connection with a favorite dish
FLOTSAM AND JETSAM. By Louis K. HAR-
and at the same time compile for daily reference and use
LOW. Satin cover with nickel-plated fastenings, $2.00. the best collection of private cooking recipes. Over 200
The entire volume is the main-sail of a yacht. The pages of fine writing paper give ample space to this pur-
hoops around the mast, the throat and peak halliards and
pose. The book is divided into 15 sections (Soup, Fish,
the topping lift are of miniature white cordage; the
Meats, Pastry, etc., etc.), each section preceded by a full.
mast, boom, and gaff are nickel-plated. Across the satin page monochrome title, followed by a full page illustra.
sail is the title in silver bronze.
tion, with an original verse in a humorous vein.
PRANG’S ART STUDIES,
Prang's Christmas and New Year Cards, Novelties, and Satin Art Prints.
THE PRIZE BABIES.
The Most Popular Picture of the Season. A Phenomenal Success from the Start. Price,
in plain mat, $1.00; in hand-painted daisy mat, $2.00.
FOR SALE BY YOUR BOOKSELLER.
L. PRANG & CO.,
NEW YORK : 38 BOND STREET.
CHICAGO : 79 WABASH AVENUE.
SAN FRANCISCO: 529 COMMERCIAL STREET,
Fine Art Publishers,
BOSTON, MASS.


226
[Dec.,
THE DIAL
MESSRS. DODD, MEAD & COMPANY, New York, offer in their list
of publications for the Autumn of 1888 three notable works in the department of Art.
REMBRANDT’S ETCHINGS, a volume consisting of fifty of the most notable Etchings
of Rembrandt, reproduced in Paris by the photogravure process, with biography of Rembrandt
and descriptive and historical notes of each picture by Chas. B. Curtis, author of “Velasquez
and Murillo.” This is published in folio at $25.00, and there is beside, a limited edition of
tifty copies on Japan paper at $50.00 per copy. THE ABBÉ CONSTANTIN, by Ludovic
Halevy, of the French Academy, translated into English and illustrated in photogravure by
Madelaine Lemaire, is issued in an Edition de Luxe, printed in Paris. The illustrations are
of the most wonderful and delicate beauty. Quarto, in a silk wrapper, in the French style,
$15.00. ETCHINGS BY FRENCH ARTISTS contains ten plates by such representative
etchers as Detaille, Casanova, Martial, Jazet, Delaunay, etc. It is published in cloth, folio,
with a full gold side, and with descriptive text, at $10.00. There is a limited edition of fifty
copies, impressions on Japan paper, mounted, and in a portfolio with text, at $25,00.
There are also issued this year, student's editions of the HISTORY OF PAINTING,
by Woltman & Woerman, with many illustrations, 2 vols., half roan, at $7.50, and the HIS-
TORY OF SCULPTURE, by Mrs. Lucy M. Mitchell, with 295 wood engravings, 2 vols.,
half roan, $7.50. Both of these editions contain all the illustrations found in the more expen-
sive earlier issues.
In the line of Fiction is offered MISS LOU, the last work of Edward Payson Roe.
More than usual interest attaches to this book from the sudden death of its author while
writing its final pages. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. Uniform with Mr. Roe's other works. A GAL-
LANT FIGHT is a new story by Marion Harland, whose earlier novels have obtained so
large a circle of interested readers. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. Mrs. Amelia E. Barr brings out a
new novel, entitled, REMEMBER THE ALAMO, a story of the wresting of Texas from
the Mexicans. Cloth, 12mo, uniform with her other works, $1.00. The Advertiser, of Bos-
ton, says: “In our opinion there is no American woman novelist superior to Mrs. Barr in
healthiness of perception and helpfulness of purpose.” The New Library Edition of the works
of Walter Besant and James Rice is now complete in 12 octavo volumes, beautifully printed,
and bound in cloth, gilt tops, at the uniform price of $1.50 per volume. THE GOLDEN
BUTTERFLY-THE MONKS OF THELEMA-WITII IJARP AND CROWN-
MY LITTLE GIRL-BY CELIA'S ARBOUR-THIS SON OF VULCAN-THE
TEN YEARS' TENANT-READY MONEY MORTIBOY—THE CHAPLAIN OF
THE FLEET-THE SEAMY SIDE- THE CASE OF MR. LUCRAFT='TWAS IN
TRAFALGAR’S BAY. It is safe to say that no more uniformly delightful series of novels
has been produced by any living writers. Edward Garrett, the well-known author of “Occu-
pations of a Retired Life," produces a new novel entitled JOHN WINTER, A Story of
Harvests. 12mo, cloth, $1.00. And another volume is added to the well-known series by
Prof. Alfred J. Church, entitled THE CHANTRY PRIEST OF BARNET, cloth, 12mo,
$1,50.
In the Department of History, Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Company have reissued a work of
very great importance. It is the HISTORY OF HENRY THE III., King of France and
Poland, by Martha Walker Freer. This was the king under whose direction the massacres of
St. Bartholomew took place. The book is written in a bright, vivacious style, and is a work
of thorough interest, both to the scholar and the general reader. It is published in three
volumes, octavo, cloth, at $7.50; haif levant, $18.00. A new, charming, and delightful
volume is the LETTERS FROM DOROTHY OSBORNE T'O SIR WILLIAM TEM-
PLE. 1652-54. Edited by Edward Abbott Parry. Octavo, boards, $2.50. The London
Athenæum 'says, “ We can point to no contemporary book in which social life under the Com-
monwealth is so well described.”
Mr. Willis J. Abbot follows up his successes of the past two years in the series of “BLUE
JACKETS” by a new volume, the BLUE JACKETS OF "76, a History for Young People
of the Navy in the War of Independence. The volume contains 32 full-page illustrations by
W. C. Jackson, is bound in white and blue canvas, similar to its predecessors, and issued at
$3.00. The three volumes of this series comprise a history of the American Navy. No
historical books for young people have met with more hearty recognition and commendation,
John Mosby, late Colonel of the C.S.A., has published his recollections under the title of
MOSBY'S WAR REMINISCENCES. They are accounts of guerilia fighting, written
with the rough vigor of one who believed that the sword was mightier than the pen. The
book is illustrated with ten double-page drawings. Octavo, cloth, $1.75.


1888.]
227
THE DIAL
MESSRS. DODD, MEAD & COMPANY offer, in the Department of
General Literature, a book of interest to everyone, AMERICAN WEATHER, by
Gen. A. W. Greely. It is a popular exposition of the phenomena of the weather, including
chapters on Hot and Cold Waves, Blizzards, Hail Storms, and Cyclones, etc., and is illustrated
with engravings and 24 charts. Octavo, $2.50. A reissue of Bethune's edition of Walton
and Cotton's ANGLER is also ready, in two volumes, smali octavo, at $3.50. Messrs. Dodd,
Mead & Company are also, by arrangement with Messrs. Sampson, Low & Co., of London, the
publishers in the United States of the One Hundredth edition of Walton and Cotton's THE
COMPLETE ANGLER. This edition is known as the Lea and Dove edition, and is a
superb example of modern book-making. It is printed in two styles, both from type. The
large paper copies offered in the United States are limited to fifty, at $60.00 each. The
copies with smaller margin are limited to one hundred and fifty, and are offered at $30.00 each.
There are upwards of fifty full-page photogravures, printed from copper plates on fine plate
paper, views of the Lea and Dove and other rivers which the gentle angler was wont to
frequent. In addition to these there are nearly one hundred smaller illustrations dispersed
through the text, from original drawings from nature for this work. In addition, each volume
has a frontispiece, the one a fine portrait of Walton, and the other of Cotton.
Two dainty little volumes, printed in colors, the one entitled THROUGH WOODS
AND FIELDS WITH TENNYSON, and the other UNDER THE GREENWOOD
TREE WITH SHAKESPEARE, both from designs by Wedworth Wadsworth, sewed
with silk, 12mo, each $1.25, are ready for the Christmas market.
For young people, Dodd, Mead & Company offer a A FROZEN DRAGON, AND
OTHER TALES, A Story Book of Natural History for Boys and Girls, by Charles Freder-
ick Holder, author of “ The Ivory King," “ Marvels of Animal Life," etc., etc., quarto, $2.00,
with many illustrations; and a new edition of that old-time favorite, MAROONER'S
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1888.]
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230
[Dec.,
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-
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Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK.


1888.]
231
THE DIAL
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232
THE DIAL
[Dec., 1888.
: ILLUSTRATED CHRISTMAS BOOKS.
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THE DIAL
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234
THE DIAL
[Jan., 1889.
1.
-- - _ = =
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Poems of Emma Lazarus,
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This book embodies the observations and reflections of
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THE DIAL
VOL. ix. JANUARY, 1889. No. 105. writers should cease to be narrowly British or
narrowly American, and that literary artists
born in either land should confidently appeal
CONTENTS.
to the English-speaking world,
The present decade evidently marks the
AMERICAN POETRY AND FICTION. Edward Play-
close of a distinct epoch in our literary life.
Jair Anderson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
The veterans who, with Tyrtæan strains, led
CALIFORNIA FOR THE SICK AND THE WELL.
us through the anti-slavery struggle and the
Titus Munson Coan · · · · · · · · · · · · · 237
War for the Union, are either dead, or far
MODERN STUDIES OF ANCIENT ROME. W. F.
past the period of their best activity. A new
Allen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 238
generation of writers has come forward, with
HALF A CENTURY OF AMERICAN PUBLIC LIFE.
other manners, other minds, and other aims.
Edward Gilpin Johnson ..
The older generation has gained for them the
RECENT BOOKS OF POETRY. William Morton Payne 242 ear of the civilized world. Worthily let them
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ........... 247 speak; “Cæsar is turned to hear.” The pres-
Madame Ragozin's The Story of Medea.--Rabbe's ent decade has rung out the old and is ring.
Life of Shelley.-Everett's Poetry, Comedy, and ing in the new generation. Now is the fitting
Duty.--Agnes Repplier's Books and Men.-Schind.
time to sum up what has already been
ler's Dissolving Views in the History of Judaism.
achieved, and to draw from past achievements
- Payson's The Law of Equivalents.- Upton's
Standard Symphonies.-Poole's Index to Period.
such lessons as we can for the future.
ical Literature, First Supplement.--Ginn's Selec-
To sum up with sufficient fulness, and yet
tions from Ruskin.
with suitable perspective, the history of Amer-
ican literature from the earliest times to the
TOPICS IN JANUARY PERIODICALS..... 249
present day; to assign to each author his ulti-
BOOKS OF THE MONTH ........... 249
mate rank, both relatively to other American
=
authors, and absolutely among the hosts of
universal literature; to substitute “philosoph-
AMERICAN POETRY AND FICTION.*
ical criticism” for “expository criticism," and
Severed from the old England and from the | analysis for description; to tell “what has
old literature as completely as our colonial been and what is the environment of our
fathers were, and descended as they were from literature”; to explain “ what have been the
a people prolific of great writers, it was natu relations between cause and effect, between
ral that in the new continent they should sow
the Saxon mind in England and the Saxon
the seeds of a new literary harvest. The in mind in America”; to announce “what Amer-
tellectual forces of England and America, ican writers have thus far done worthy to be
separated by the ocean, and kept, as it were,
mentioned beside Goethe, Schiller, Hugo,
at opposite electrical poles by the irritation Wordsworth, Tennyson, Carlyle, George Eliot,
preceding and outlasting three great wars, and all the great writers of this and previous
could not blend and form one literature. Dif. centuries”; to tell “what of our books are
ferent likings, different conditions, different world's-books and why”; to show “how and
surroundings, different institutions, all com- why American writers have succeeded and
bined to develop differences in the choicest
failed"; to do all this for living authors as
product of a nation's life-the graceful ex well as for the illustrious dead, and to do it
pression of the best thoughts of the best minds. all within the compass of two brief octavo
It remains to be seen whether our literature
volumes, published in close succession, and
will persist in developing itself along dis-
written in the intervals of professional work,
tinctly native lines. Now that the barriers of —these are some of the aims proposed by
space, and of prejudice-in spite of the Irish Mr. Charles F. Richardson on beginning the
and the politicians,—have been so far over first volume of his “American Literature."
come; now that education and the ballot are As it is an author's duty to have high aims
within the reach of every man in either land; and to carry them out, so it is the critic's func-
now that society is threatened in the two tion to ascertain these aims and to show how
lands by similar dangers and defended by | far they are attained. It was pointed out.
similar means; now that the great men of in the thoughtful criticisms that followed
either land are known and honored and list-
the publication of Mr. Richardson's first vol-
ened to in the other, it would seem that unie, that our literature proper--literature,
that is, as a fine art, an imaginative art that
*AMERICAN LITERATURE, 1607-1885. By Charles F. Rich.
aims at pleasing rather than at instructing or
ardson. Complete in Two Volumes. Vol. II., American
Poetry and Fiction. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. I informing, -begins about the year 1820, with


236
[Jan.,
THE DIAL
“The Sketch-Book,” “The Spy,” and Bryant's his work thus summarily dealt with, even by
“modest pamphlet containing among other a critic with the kindliest and best intentions.
poems - The Yellow Violet,''Lines to a Water-Many a writer will be ready to exclaim, as
fowl,' and “Thanatopsis."" Accordingly, it is Tennyson did to the crusty Edinburgh re-
in the main to the volume now under consid- viewer, “I forgave you all the blame ...
eration—the volume treating of Poetry and I could not forgive the praise.” There is dan-
Fiction,—that we must look for the attain ger, too, of a young man's assuming too oracu-
ment of Mr. Richardson's aims. It was ob lar and too patronizing a tone towards great
served in the first volume that after Mr. living writers like Whittier, Lowell, and
Richardson leaves behind him the simplicity Holmes. In bis estimate of Mr. Lowell espe-
of colonial times, he loses his broad grasp of cially, our author lays too much stress upon
the literature as a whole, and of its complex certain juvenile productions, certain minor
(environment," etc., and tends henceforth to errors. We are tempted to answer: "He that
make his book little more than a series of is without sin among you, let him cast the first
lectures on our leading writers, or reviews of stone."
their principal works, with familiar illustrative In his frequent use of the term “Saxon,"
extracts. This tendency in the first volume Mr. Richardson everywhere overlooks the fact
has become a marked characteristic in the that, as Mr. Freeman has shown, “Saxon”
second. Indeed, it is sometimes difficult to | is never properly used “of the Teutonic in-
perceive how our author's criticism is more habitants of Britain looked at as a whole";
philosophical than that of his predecessors. while in speaking of “Thanatopsis” as a
As to the perspective with which the great Saxon poem, he seems to have forgotten that
contemporary names should be treated, critics the title of the poem is Greek, that a large
will differ, and in spite of our author's con percentage of its words can be traced to non-
fident assertions, it seems as yet hardly time Saxon tongues, that its spirit is, as he himself
to decide. In the work before us, out of 450 says, “ethnic,” and that its author's name is
pages, Longfellow, Poe, and Emerson, among probably of Celtic origin. Nor are such errors
the poets, Cooper and Hawthorne among the | the worst. Mr. Richardson, like the Irish
novelists, each receives a chapter of about witness for the “Times," appears to have
forty pages. Whittier, Lowell, and Holmes sworn to testify to “queer things.” So many
are grouped together, in a chapter of similar whimsical and illogical epithets, like “ultimate
length, as “Poets of Freedom and Culture.” | skies” and “purple melancholy," such lack of
Bryant is given fifteen pages in the chapter on precision-as where he says that Longfellow's
- The Dawn of the Imagination,” Walt Whit- work is of “temporary rather than ultimate
man twelve in that on "Tones and Tendencies value,” or that “the beautiful in his diction-
of American Verse," and Bayard Taylor is ary [sic] was largely synonymous with the
dismissed with scant three pages--a space less true and the good,”—can hardly fail to repel
than is allotted to Freneau or Payne, to Al a reader of taste. In a work intended to be
drich or Simms, to Stoddard or Stedman. serious, it is perilous for a lesser man than
The last name reminds us that this volume Carlyle to mimic his uncouth mouthings and
inevitably challenges comparison with Mr. | his newly-coined compounds after the Ger-
Stedman's “Poets and Poetry of America." | man. But Mr. Richardson treats us to “stale
Such a comparison, when made, must in al- | Minerva-comparison,” to “hero-legend,” to
most every respect be to the advantage of Mr. / “art-result,” to “love-romance,” to “heart-
Stedman's work. It may be that Mr. Rich | lyric” and “heart-singer,” to “race-type" and
ardson's book is more independent of native | race-epic,” to “time-influence” and “time-
standards, more analytical, and in better per- conditions," and so on indefinitely. He has
spective; but it is certain that Mr. Stedman's also a way of parading well-worn short phrases
book is riper, more thoughtful, more scholarly, from the Latin in the place of good English,-
more sympathetic, more painstaking, more as when he speaks of “The Deacon's Master-
complete, less padded by trite and easily ac- 1 piece” with “its sui generis catastrophe" (p.
cessible quotations, and in every way better | 217), or of “imaginative music which is ubique
written. But it would seem that neither of gentium the best credential of the poet” (p.
these gentlemen could be justified in expect- 253), or, as often, of “the credo of the poet'»
ing posterity to accept his dicta touching the | (ib.).
ultimate rank of favorite contemporary bards. I In conclusion we may use the words of Gold-
There is to Mr. Richardson's method of con- smith quite as patly as Goldsmith himself uses
fident and remorseless analysis, as applied to | them, when we say: “There are a hundred
contemporaries, one objection to which he has faults in this thing, and a hundred things might
not, perhaps, allowed sufficient weight. It is be said to prove them beauties. But it is
the torture inflicted upon the feelings of an needless. A book may be amusing with nu-
author and his friends and admirers by seeing merous errors, or it may be dull without a sin-


1889.]
THE DIAL
237
- -- - --- --- ==------------------
gle absurdity.” This much must be allowed: iography of the country in question, pointing
that, whatever its errors, to the lover of his out its marked separation from the regions to
native literature Mr. Richardson's book is not the north by the transverse Sierras at the
dull reading. Mr. Richardson often hits the latitude of Point Conception, and by the south-
right nail on the head. His thought is vigor- / ward exposure of the slopes and coast below
ous, independent, aggressive; and if his book that line. Like a number of writers before him,
does no more than stimulate thought in others, he predicts the eventual division of California
it will not have been made in vain.
into two States at this latitude, finding in the
EDWARD PLAYFAIR ANDERSON. difference of physical and economic conditions
cause enough for a natural separation. “Mas-
sachusetts and Florida,” he says, "are scarcely
CALIFORNIA FOR TIIE SICK AND THE
more unlike in their needs and political require-
WELL.*
ments.” He forces the distinction a little; but
he points out very truly that Southern Califor-
It is estimated that one-seventh of the total
nia is more accessible from the east than North-
mortality of the world is caused by pulmonary
ern California, owing to the lesser elevation
consumption. Its geographical distribution,
of the mountain ranges over which the southern
as Hirsch tells us, is almost universal. “It
railroads pass; and he adds that the trade of
may be termed an ubiquitous disease in the
Chicago and of other Eastern cities is already
strictest meaning of the term.” According to
going by preference to Los Angeles rather
the most trustworthy observers in all parts of
than to San Francisco. It must be remem-
the world, no other ailment is the cause of so
bered, per contra, that the whole coast line of
many deaths; it destroys about 5,000,000 lives
the State, eight hundred miles in length, can
a year, estimating the total mortality of the
show but two good harbors: San Diego in the
world at 35,000,000.
south and San Francisco in the north. And
In Dr. Evans's “ Phthisiology” we have the
while the port of San Pedro, the chief ship-
principal data of the disease as it is known in
ping-point of Los Angeles, may be improved,
the United States. The work is a survey of
as also may that of Port Harford, above
the subject from two points of view. First is
Point Conception, so as to accommodate a
given a concise historical account of the pro-
considerable commerce, yet neither of these
gress and development of medical opinion upon
harbors can ever become serious rivals of the
the disease, from the time of Hippocrates to
two first-named. Besides these two, indeed,
the present day, translated in the greater part
there is not a single good harbor upon our en-
from Waldenburg's learned work. No other
tire Pacific coast. This remarkable natural
such compendious account of the subject has
deficiency, together with a still more remark-
found its way into our medical literature. The
able deficiency in navigable water-courses,--
remaining and greater portion of the book
the Sacramento being the only river worth
describes the geographical distribution of the
mentioning upon the entire western coast-
disease throughout the world, and the topog.
line,- must forever act as a serious check
raphy and climate of each one of our States
upon the commercial development which the
and Territories, with statistics of the annual
inhabitants of the Pacific States expect.
mortality from the disease in each. There are
This is not, however, the line of argument
chapters on other physical conditions,-as ele-
followed by the authors of “ California of the
vation, humidity, air-pressure, etc.,-of the
South.” Its aim is the usual aim of all recent
various and extensive regions described. A
books upon California-to persuade Eastern
brief summary of the most approved theories
people to go there and live. Dr. Lindley, and
and practice in treatment closes the work. It
several other writers whose papers are ap.
would be hard to write a book that should
pended to his second chapter, describe the
contain in the same space more information
undeniable attractions of Southern California,
upon the subject of phthisis than Dr. Evans
and especially of Los Angeles and the neighbor-
has here collected.
ing country, in glowing terms. The climate,
The volume by Drs. Lindley and Widney
the fruit, the fast-developing agricultural and
might properly be called a guide-book to
commercial interests, the scenery, the natural
Southern California, with especial reference to
resources in land, forests, mines, -all these good
Los Angeles county. Dr. Widney's introduc-
things are touched upon with the pride of an
tory chapter gives a rapid sketch of the phys-
old settler and a fervent believer in the future
*ILAND-BOOK OF HISTORICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL greatness of the State. It is the truth, but it
PUTHISIOLOGY. With Special Reference to the Distribu. is not the whole truth. The intending emi-
tion of Consumption in the United States. Compiled and
arranged by George A. Evans, M.D. New York: D. Apple.
grant to California has heard the favorable
ton & Co.
side of the question quite often enough; and
CALIFORNIA OF THE SOUTH. Its Physical Geography, whether he is seeking health or fortune, or
Climate, Resources, Routes of Travel, and Health Resorts.
both, he finds it hard to get a perfectly un-
By Walter Lindley, M.D., and J. P, Widney, 1.M., M.D.
New York: D. Appleton & Co.
I biased statement of the disadvantages which


238
[Jan.,
THE DIAL
there, as everywhere else in the world, go out the Chinamen—the only willing and avail-
along with the attractive and advantageous able diggers, the fruit-raisers, the canal and
features of a country.
railroad laborers, — the Californians are in
A recent visit to California gives me the danger of putting back indefinitely the most
opportunity of stating these disadvantages important development by far of their country,
fairly and briefly. They are as follows: the development of its agriculture. In gen-
For the invalid. 1. California in general, eral, California is still a land for the pioneer;
and Southern California in particular, has on but pioneering is now better carried on with
the sea-coast and near it a far more equable money than ever before.
climate than any Eastern State, and a climate And the health-seeker? He should go to
in so far especially adapted to the cure or the stay for years rather than for months. The
alleviation of consumption. This I have not essence of the modern treatment for consump-
failed to explain more in detail elsewhere.* tion is to remain a long time in a pure atmos-
But a serious drawback to the virtues of that phere, to eat all the nourishing food that can
climate exists, for the more delicate invalids, possibly be assimilated, and to use all the pure
in its prevailing windiness and dustiness. l alcoholic stimulants that aid in digestion.
Throughout the summer, and in most parts These conditions are easily attained under the
of the State, there is a veritable plague of equable climate of the Pacific coast. It re-
dust; and this is often prejudicial to the con mains for the right physician to join with the
sumptive. There is little rain in any part of right capitalist in establishing, in Southern
the State for seven months of the year, and California, a world-sanitarium where phthisis
these seven months are windy. In the winter shall be treated upon true hygienic and physi-
months there is more rain ; yet in Los An ologic principles. Such an establishment
geles only 13 inches fall in the whole year (as would be suecessful from the start, and would
against 46.52 inches in New York and 53.01 in substantiate the claim of California to have,
Jacksonville); and this excessive dryness has in spite of some drawbacks, a climate espe-
its disadvantages.
cially favorable for the treatment of chronic
2. There is, of course, no lack of most of pulmonary disease.
the comforts and conveniences of life in all
Titus Munson Coan.
of the larger Californian towns. But the in-
valid will find certain drawbacks to his wel-
fare that are inevitable in any new country.
MODERN STUDIES OF ANCIENT ROME.*
The immense distances make travel laborious
and expensive, and the sparseness of the popu Sig. Lanciani's beautiful volume on “Ancient
lation leads sometimes to an overmastering Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries” is
sense of loneliness. This will by no means one of the fruits of that new interest in archæ-
affect every invalid; still, it is a thing to be ological studies on the part of the American
reckoned with in making up the account for people, which has already given us the Archæ-
and against emigration. And it should not ological Institute, with its works of exploration
be forgotten that while, in the newer Cali-
and discovery, the scholarly “ Journal of Arch-
fornian towns at least, Eastern people are in æology," and the American School at Athens.
the large majority, yet it will constantly hap Had it not been for the lively interest in these
pen, as in some of the Florida resorts, that subjects thus evidenced, an American house
the only available or leisure society is that of could hardly have ventured upon so sumptuous
a publication in the field of classical antiquity.
intercourse, can hardly exist in a country The excavations at Rome are especially calcu.
where all the well men are absorbed in busi-
lated to excite interest, because, although
ness or in agriculture; and this is the situation Grecian studies are cultivated among us more
in California to-day.
zealously than Latin, yet comparatively few
For the strong. Even for the well man, the of our people expect ever to visit Greece, while
seeker of fortune, California has its limita almost everybody either has been in Rome or
tions. The State has, of course, an enormous has a hope more or less vague of some time
future; but that future is not to be created in seeing the Eternal City. To this large class
the way that most of the new-comers suppose, of readers Sig. Lanciani's book will be most
as by trading or land speculation. It is to be acceptable.
created in the main by the spade. It is no! Not that it is a guide-book to the ruins of
country for the professional or the clerkly Rome. As the title-page denotes, its subject
person: of these there are enough in Califor- | is not the monuments, but Ancient Rome in
nia already. It is a country for anyone who
is either able to employ and to direct the labor
ERIES. By Rodolfo Lanciani, LL.D. (Harv.), Professor of
of others, or to dig himself. And in keeping Archæology in the University of Rome; Director of
Excavations for the National Government and the Mu.
*"Ounces of Prevention,” in chapter on “Climates nicipality of Rome, etc. With one hundred illustrations.
for Invalids" (Harper.)
Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Company.
* ANCIENT ROME IN THE LIGHT OF RECENT DISCOV.


1889.)
239
THE DIAL
/
the light of the monuments; and the author | It is hardly possible to exaggerate its impor-
has confined himself pretty closely to his sub tance, but it is certainly too early at present to
ject. It is the old city, its structures and its make positive assertions as to what it proves.
life, that are delineated here, with an abun There is a common failure to apprehend the
dance of information which was not within the real ground of objection to these early ac-
reach of scholars of the old school. They counts. It is not their improbability; leaving
made use of all the evidence that could be out the clearly mythical features, which may
derived from the ancient writers; but we have, attach to historical records at any stage, there
in addition to this, an immense mass of mate is nothing impossible or improbable in the
rial-monuments, works of art, inscriptions history of the Roman kings. The objection
which has only recently become accessible to to these accounts is that they rest upon abso-
us; and it is not too much to say that in some lutely no evidence. In historical evidence we
fields our knowledge has been fairly revolu- must draw a sharp line between the presence
tionized. To illustrate the wealth of new and the absence of contemporary written
material, we are told (Preface, p. xxii) of “the accounts. When there are no such accounts,
two bronze athletes lately discovered on the the period in the annals of any nation-no
slope of the Quirinal, the bronze Bacchus of matter where it may come in the world's
the Tiber, the Juno of the Palatine, the bas chronology-is prehistoric, and prehistoric
reliefs of the Forum, and the four hundred and times require a wholly different treatment and
seventy-nine statues and busts brought together admit of wholly different evidence and results
by the municipality (since 1870). To obtain from those of genuine history. Evidence in
these results the State and the municipality regard to these times consists in unnamed and
have spent about one million dollars, and ex undated monuments, in survivals of customs
cavated and removed miles away in all two and institutions, and in oral tradition. Until
hundred and eighty-six million cubic feet of we come in presence of contemporary written
earth.” The imagination is even more strongly documents, we can have no chronology ; our
excited by the discoveries in the Campagna. knowledge can be, at best, of isolated events
“Wherever, since 1867, I have seen excava and names handed down by oral tradition,-
tions made in the Campagna, always and every and how unreliable oral tradition is, every
where, even in the most remote and secluded student of early family history in New Eng-
corners, they have brought to light traces of land, in the full light of abundant historical
the work of man-roads, bridges, aqueducts, record, will testify.
drains, rustic houses, patrician villas, mosaic Now in Roman history the earliest written
pavements, enclosure walls, tombs, granaries, document of which we have any knowledge is
wine cellars, oil presses, and besides, amphoræ, the contract made with the Latin cities on the
oil jars, coins, utensils, bricks, water pipes, occasion of the building of the temple of
building materials, sculptured marbles, busts, Diana upon the Aventine, and preserved in
statues, inscriptions, and so forth.” (p. 267.) that building—ascribed to Senius Tullius, but
At every step you meet with “remains of of course having no date ; and the beginning
villas and farms which in ancient times must of a continuous contemporary record-the
have been teeming with life.” “The number only foundation for chronology-is in the lists
of these villas is really incredible.”
of the magistrates, which go back to the foun-
One might indeed wish that the book had dation of the Republic. With written docu-
been made more of a guide-book, and told us ments such as these, we can have certain
more of the ruins themselves, especially upon names, events, and dates ; for prehistoric
the Forum and the Palatine. There are many times we can have a few probable names and
problems that will present themselves to the events, such as early Roman history affords
mind of recent visitors to Rome, which this us, but no dates. On the other hand, for pre-
book does not attempt to solve. On the other historic times we have what is really much
hand, readers must be on their guard against | more valuable,-certain indications of the life,
the implicit acceptance of the author's theories | the thought, the civilization of the period.
as to early Roman history. Signor Lanciani Signor Lanciani sees this distinction clearly
holds firmly to the old opinion, discredited enough when he shows that there is no evi-
since Niebuhr, that Rome was founded by dence for the existence of the Etruscan city
Romulus (he says nothing of Remus), B. Č. “ of great size and importance” existing be-
753—or, as he gives it, 754. He says (p. 34): | fore the foundation of Rome, of which Mr.
“Late discoveries have brought forth such a Middleton announces the discovery in the
crushing mass of evidence in favor of ancient preface to his “ Ancient Rome"; but he does
writers, and in support of their reports con not see that the same rules of evidence tell
cerning the kingly period, that every detail against his own belief in the traditionary
seems to be confirmed by monumental re account of the founding of Rome by colonists
mains." Much of this evidence is laid before from Alba Longa. He undertakes (p. 33) to
us, and it is most interesting and instructive, I demonstrate three things: “first that Rome was


240
[Jan.,
THE DIAL
built by colonists from Alba Longa; secondly, tisan in his review of the measures of the past
that these colonists were simple shepherds ; half century, the Ex-Secretary has made a
thirdly, that the foundation of Rome dates from notable contribution to American history.
the age of bronze, and was caused by the neces The attentive and liberal-minded reader must
sity felt by the Alban shepherds to escape from admit the probability that in many instances
the threatening neighborhood of the volcano." this volume forestalls the verdict of the fu-
Of these points, the second-that the founders ture. The author acknowledges, in his pre-
of Rome were shepherds and husbandmen-is face, a lack of logical order in the arrangement
abundantly proved, not merely by oral tradi of the contents of the work—which was at first
tion, but, by what is of far more value, sur intended solely for the use of his family and
vivals in language, customs, and institutions. personal friends; hence those readers who
A close connection with Alba Longa may also hope to find that its general purport and in-
be assumed as certain, and the evidence ad- | tention is the consistent arraignment of this
duced for the volcanic activity of the Alban or that political party will be disappointed.
mount, in prehistoric and even in historical The distinctive feature of the book is, indeed,
times, is most interesting and important; but its impartiality—a rare enough virtue in works
we are certainly not yet in a condition to assert of its class.
as proved, what even tradition does not de Mr. McCulloch's younger days were spent
clare unequivocally, that there was a formal in Kennebunk, Maine. In 1833 he started for
act of colonization.
the West, and, after drifting about for a time,
We have dwelt upon this point at greater settled in Fort Wayne, Ind., where he engaged
length, because we should be sorry to have in the practice of law. In October, 1835, he
the American public believe that Niebuhr's gave up his profession to become cashier and
work has been undone, and the historical char manager of the Fort Wayne branch of the
acter of the Roman monarchy vindicated. newly incorporated State Bank. Mr. McCul-
American travellers who have accompanied loch dwells at some length upon this portion
that admirable guide, Mr. Forbes, through the of his life-to which he looks back with much
remains of the Forum and the Palatine, are satisfaction as laying the foundation of his
prone to take his theories of history for his future fame as a financier. His account of the
tory, and to believe that because they have management of the Indiana State banking
seen a massive wall of great antiquity, and system, although it reflects credit upon the
been told that it was the “wall of Romulus," business shrewdness of the directors, does not
therefore the existence of Romulus has been impress one with a high sense of their public
demonstrated,-just as if he had left his name spirit. The State Bank was a monopoly; and
inscribed upon the stones, as Sennacherib and in due time, owing to the rapid gain of Indi-
Esarhaddon did upon theirs. “The bricks ana in wealth and population, and the conse.
are alive at this day to testify it!” There is quent demand for more banking capital, it was
danger that Signor Lanciani's delightful book superseded by the free banking system which
should have the same influence; but let its so soon met with disaster. Upon the failure
readers understand that his scholarship is of the free banks a charter was obtained (by
sound and his authority unimpeachable when very discreditable means) for another State
he speaks of historical times and their re- | bank, similar in many respects to the original
mains, but that when we leave written evi- 1 one. This institution finally passed into the
dence behind us we are on very unsafe ground. control of the old directors, who appointed
W. F. ALLEN. Mr. McCulloch its president.
During his residence in Indiana, Mr. Mc-
Culloch became intimate with Henry Ward
HALF A CENTURY OF AMERICAN PUBLIC
Beecher, then living in Indianapolis, and has
LIFE.*
many pleasant things to say of him. Allud-
ing to the first time that he preached in his
For his eminent services as Secretary of the
father's presence, Mr. Beecher once said to
Treasury in the administrations of Presidents
Lincoln, Johnson, and Arthur, Hugh McCul “I was embarrassed at the start, but I soon got
loch has already laid his countrymen under over that, and, perceiving that I was commanding
many obligations; and in presenting to them the attention of the audience, I warmed up with
a readable volume of his recollections of pub- my subject, and you can judge how happy I was
lic life, he certainly adds a considerable item when, looking around, I saw that my father, who
to the indebtedness. Fairly impartial in his
sat behind me, was in tears. It was one of my first
sermons, and I had made my father cry."
estimates of the men, and earnest and unpar-
In 1863 Mr. McCulloch visited the East, and
*MEN AND MEASURES OF HALF A CENTURY, Sketches while there was offered the position of Comp-
and Comments. By Hugh McCulloch, Secretary of the
Treasury in the Administration of Presidents Lincoln,
troller of the Currency by Secretary Chase.
Johnson, and Arthur. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. The offer seems to have been quite unexpected,
him :


1889.)
241
THE DIAL
and was not altogether welcome, as it involved sive positions, who greatly outnumbered him;
his relinquishment of the presidency of the that his demands for reinforcements were not
Indiana State Bank, a flourishing institution, complied with; that he was constantly thwart-
and one to which he was naturally much at ed, not to say outraged, by Mr. Stanton, and
tached. On the other hand, he felt that the General IIalleck, the Commander-in-Chief.
Government—then imperilled by the civil "To hold a general responsible for the results of a
war-had a right to his services. “Being
campaign which he has planned, without furnishing
thus in a strait”-he states with Pepysian him with what he considers needful for its accom-
frankness—“I did what all men who have
plishment, is rank injustice. Was not this injustice
sensible wives ought to do when important
meted out to General McClellan ? . . . If
questions are to be considered and acted upon
General Grant, with an army of vastly superior
strength to that of the enemy, could gain no
–I consulted my wife.” By the advice of
| decided advantages in the bloody battles of the
this patriotic lady, he concluded to accept Mr.
Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, and Cold
Chase's offer. The distinguished services Harbor, but on the whole was so worsted by them
which he rendered to his country in her hour as to be compelled to transfer his army to the James,
of trial are too well known and appreciated to and was, nevertheless, honored, and justly honored,
need comment here, and will not be forgotten
by his countrymen, ought General McClellan, who
by future historians.
met the same enemy when in its greatest vigor and
strength, and inflicted upon him severer blows than
Mr. McCulloch's evident desire to do justice
he received, in as well contested battles as those
to all whom he felt called upon to mention in
that have been named, and was compelled, by the
his narrative is specially noticeable in his superior force of the enemy, to fall back upon the
treatment of General McClellan, whose Fabian same river, to have been retired in disgrace ?”
policy in his campaign on the Potomac was The final subjugation of the South is attrib-
made less easily justifiable by his presidential
uted by Mr. McCulloch, not to defeats in the
candidacy on a platform that declared the war
field of battle, but to the exhaustion of its
a failure. At the time of McClellan's appoint resources in consequence of the blockade.
ment to the command of the Army of the
“But for the navy,” he asserts, “ the rebellion
Potomac, the Northern people were deeply would not have been overcome.”
dejected over the result of the battle of Bull In his generous ardor in the cause of those
Run; and the general satisfaction caused by
public men who, in his judgment, suffered in-
the change of commanders may be illustrated
justice at the hands of their contemporaries,
by an anecdote given by our author.
Mr. McCulloch does not fail to pay an eloquent
“I was then living in Indiana, and I recollect tribute to the sterling loyalty and many good
perfectly how I felt and all my friends felt about
qualities of Andrew Johnson.
the appointment. James M. Ray, the cashier of
“By the Republican press and by some members
the bank of which I was the president, saw the an-
of Congress he was denounced as a traitor, not only
nouncement before I did, and came to me with a
to his party but to the country. His services during
face radiant with joy, exclaiming : 'Good news!
the war, in recognition of which he was nominated
good news! General McClellan has been ordered
for the Vice-Presidency; the bravery which he had
to Washington to take command of the army.
displayed in his contests with the secessionists of
There will be no more Bull Runs.' 'You think,
Tennessee; the terrible trials to which his family
then, that General McClellan is going to save the
were subjected by his fidelity to the Union, were
pation?' “Certainly I do. He is to do for the
all ignored, buried, forgotten. He was accused
people of the United States what Moses did for the
not only of political offences, but of personal mis-
children of Israel. I have not a particle of doubt
conduct of which there was not the slightest proof.”
that he has been raised up for this very purpose.'”
We know now how far these pious hopes
The author was an eye-witness of many of the
were from being realized; how, in little more
scenes consequent upon Mr. Lincoln's assassina-
than a year, McClellan was relieved from his
tion, and he describes them graphically. He had
command, in disrepute with the War Depart-
met the President shortly before the tragedy.
ment, and with almost everybody except his
"I never saw Mr. Lincoln so cheerful and happy
personal friends, and the officers and soldiers
as he was on the day of his death. The burden
which had been weighing upon him for four long
who had served under him, whose love for
years, and which he had borne with heroic forti-
him personally, and whose faith in his ability,
tude, had been lifted; the war had been practically
were never shaken. Mr. McCulloch believes
ended; the Union was safe. The weary look which
that McClellan's apparent indecision in the his face had so long worn, and which could be
field, and, it may be, his failure to attain the observed by those who knew him well, even when
grand object of putting an end to the war, he was telling humorous stories, had disappeared.
were largely due to his lack of accord with
It was bright and cheerful. As he took me by the
hand when I was about to leave the White House,
the President, and to the determined ill-will
he said: “We must look to you, Mr. Secretary,
of Mr. Stanton, the Secretary of War. He ex-
for the money to pay off the soldiers.' 'I shall
plains, in his discussion of McClellan's abilities
look to the people,' I replied; they have not failed
as a soldier, that in the Potomac campaign he us thus far, and I don't think they will now.' A
was confronted by an enemy, in strong defen- | few hours after, I saw him unconscious and dying.”


242
[Jan.,
THE DIAL
Commenting upon the case of Mrs. Surratt, Some of the most important portions of this
he says:
work we have been obliged to leave untouched,
“After her execution there was a general feeling —for instance, the chapters relating to the
of regret that her punishment had not been com | management, during the war, of the Depart-
muted from death to imprisonment. The evidence ment of Finance, which merit a separate re-
on which she was convicted would not have satis-
view. No more important work of its kind
fied an impartial jury. Her complicity in the
has been issued in America for many years
assassination was not clearly proven, and the stern-
than “Men and Measures of Half a century."
est justice in her case would have been satisfied
with a lesser punishment. The most pitiful object
It is strictly unpartisan, and we heartily re-
that I ever beheld was the prostrate form of Miss
commend it to those students of the history
Surratt (who was said to be an amiable and accom of our country whose aim is the attainment of
plished young lady), upon the main staircase of the correct views, rather than the fostering of
Executive Mansion, in the morning of the day of preconceived ones.
her mother's execution. She had come to plead for
EDWARD GILPIN Johnson.
her mother's life, and, having failed to obtain
admission to the President, she had fainted in
-- -- - -
descending the stairs."
Mr. McCulloch, as might be expected, de-
RECENT BOOKS OF POETRY.*
votes a considerable portion of his book to The poems of Miss Lazarus, while not
the discussion of the tariff. Inspired with a marked by great originality, add a distinctive
patriotic faith in the inventive genius, enter note to American song. Readers of the sym-
prise, and energy of his fellow countrymen, pathetic study of that gifted woman recently
he refuses to admit that, in a general system published in the Century magazine will be
of unrestricted international exchange, they pleased to find it reproduced as a preface to
would be forced to the wall. Import taxes, the two volumes in which the verse of Miss
in excess of the actual needs of the Govern Lazarus has been collected. Her work is of
ment, and laid with the purpose of stimulating various kinds, lyric, dramatic, and narrative,
certain branches of industry at the expense of and includes also a number of translations,
the rest, he believes to be both unconstitutional and an extensive series of poems, translated
and unscientific. His observations during his and original, relating to the race of which the
six years residence in England confirmed him writer was the offspring. The work of Miss
in the belief that well-established factories in Lazarus is characterized by spontaneity, spir-
the United States need no protection. Wages, ituality, and a deep and passionate sympathy
he states, are lower in Great Britain, but labor with the joys and sorrows of mankind. Its
is less effective; besides, hand labor is largely
*THE POEMS OF EMMA LAZARUS. In Two Volumes.
superseded by machinery, in the use and inven-
Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
tion of which Americans excel all other nations.
MASK AND DOMINO. By David L. Proudfit. Philadel.
A dollar will command as much service in phia: Porter & Coates.
manufacturing in the United States as in Great
MARGARET AND THE SINGER'S STORY. By Effie Doug.
lass Putnam. Boston: Oupples & Hurd.
Britain. He quite reverses a familiar cam-
ROMANCES, LYRICS, AND SONNETS, from the Poetic
paign argument:
Works of Elizabeth Barrett Browning. Boston: Hough-
ton, Mifflin & Co.
“I speak advisedly when I say that the far-seeing
A CENTURY OF AUSTRALIAN SONG. Edited by Douglas
British manufacturers look forward with dread to a
B. W. Sladen, B.A., LL.B. New York: White & Allen.
time, which is sure to come about, when by an
THE BOOK OF LATTER-DAY BALLADS. (1858-1888.) Se.
abandonment of its protective policy, the United lected and Arranged by Henry F-Randolph. New York:
States will become the great competitor of Great Anson D. F. Randolph & Co.
Britain in the markets which she now controls." SONNETS OF THIS CENTURY. Edited and Arranged, with
a Critical Introduction on the Sonnet, by William Sharp.
He believes that the tariff question will never
New York: White & Allen.
be properly adjusted until it is submitted to a THE SONNETS OF EUROPE. A Volume of Translations.
strictly non-partisan commission, composed of
Selected and Arranged, with Notes, by Samuel Wadding-
ton. New York: White & Allen.
men of the requisite ability and experience,
THE DIVINE COMEDY OF DANTE. Translated into Eng.
and with no personal interests to serve, who lish Verse, with Notes. By John Augustine Wilstach.
Two Volumes. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
will view the matter strictly in its bearings
RUBÁIYÁT OF OMAR KHAYYÁM, IN ENGLISH VERSE.
upon the interests of the country at large.
By Edward Fitzgerald. The Text of the Fourth Edition,
Those who entertain views upon the tariff followed by that of the First, with Notes showing the
similiar to the author's are usually stigmatized
extent of his Indebtedness to the Persian Original, and
a Biographical Preface. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
by their opponents as mere theorists whose
THE STROPHES OF OMAR KHAYYÁM. Translated from
notions are unworthy the attention of “prac the Persian, by John Leslie Garner. Milwaukee: The
Corbitt and Skidmore Co.
tical” men. Mr. McCulloch, however, can by
WITH SA'DI IN THE GARDEN; OR, THE BOOK OF LOVE.
no possibility be included in this category: his
By Sir Edwin Arnold, M.A., K.C.I.E., C.S.I. Boston: Rob.
most determined adversary will scarcely urge erts Brothers.
that his opportunities for induction have been POEMS BY ALEXANDER PUSHKIN. Translated from the
Russian, with Introduction and Notes by Ivan Panin,
limited.
Boston: Cupples & lIurd.


1889.]
243
THE DIAL
T
range is wide, and betokens that richness and i she had been seeking heroic idea
fulness of the inner life of which years form stock, soulless and far removed ; in pagan
but an imperfect measure. “Epochs,” the mythology and mystic mediæval Christianity,
first poem in the collection, offers in itself suf- | ignoring her very birthright,—the mystic vista
ficient evidence of this. Few subjective poems of the past, down which, high above flood
have so broad a compass as this series of and fire,' had been conveyed the precious scroll
stanzas which depict the progress of the soul of the Moral Law.” The strength of the new
through the successive stages that mark the impulse and the earnestness of the new devo-
existence of most serious men and women. tion appear upon every page of the volume
From youth, whose pulses beat
of these “ Jewish Poems.” “The Dance of
“With nameless pleasure finding life so sweet,” Death," a noble historical tragedy of persecu-
through the period of disillusionment when tion, is perhaps the most powerful of them,
“All the teeming world looks void and vain," although it hardly surpasses such a lyric as
to the final realization, through patience, sym “ The Banner of the Jew," written at the very
pathy, and devotion, of
white heat of emotion. What is most strik-
"The supreme joy that is not of the flesh," ing about these poems is the evidence they
this poem rounds out the emotional cycle of afford that intensity of feeling has in no way
being, and at each stage finds a responsive deadened the artistic instincts of the writer.
echo in the listening soul. Of the two long
Her intellectual power and her sense of form
narrative poems, “ Admetus” and “Tannbäu are nowhere else so manifest as in these very
ser,” it will suffice to say that they are grace-
songs filled with the passion for justice, and
ful and sympathetic interpretations of the glowing with indignation at the wrongs in-
familiar legends, sufficiently suggestive of
flicted upon her race by self-styled Christians.
Morris to make apposite the explanatory note We refrain from quotation because excision
which tells us that both were written before is impossible in the case of the best of the
the publication of those parts of “The Earthly poems, and we have not space to quote any
Paradise” which deal with the same themes. one of them as a whole.
The sonnets are good but not remarkable, Verse serious and humorous finds a place in
that upon the “Venus of the Louvre " appear-
the “Mask and Domino" of Mr. David L.
ing to us about the best. “The Spagnoletto". Proudfit. The serious verse is, on the whole,
is a blank-verse tragedy in which Ribera, his the best, and includes work in a considerable
daughter, and Don John of Austria are the variety of forms. Such romances as “The
principal figures. It is smooth, studied, and
Palmer” and “ Veronica” exhibit a marked
excellent in much the same way as one of Sir | degree of strength and dramatic aptitude. An
Henry Taylor's minor dramas. Among the occasional lyric arrests the attention by the
lyrics and shorter pieces we come across an possession of a more than usual grace. Met-
occasional gem such as the “Arabesque"-a rically these pieces are not all that might be
poem not unworthy of Gautier. Few writers wished. Their versification is often rough and
have given truer or more graceful expression
rarely melodious.
to the emotions inspired by the great musical “Margaret” and “The Singer's Story,” by
compositions than may be found in the verses Effie Douglass Putnam, are two idyls, one in
written to accompany Schumann's “Phan blank verse-of which form of rhythm the
tasies” and “Symphonic Studies.” The trans writer seems to have very little conception,-
lations are mostly from Alfred de Musset and and one in rhymed quatrains. The miscella-
Petrarch, and from certain Hebrew poets of
neous verses that fill up the remainder of the
medieval Spain.
thin volume are a trifle better in their con-
These translations lead us to consider what struction than these two longer pieces, but
is in every way the strongest section of the
there is nowhere to be found that true poetic
author's work—that devoted to the Hebrew touch which arrests the attention and fixes the
race, and inspired largely by the “ Judenhetze” | mind of the reader. An occasional verse may
which so disgraced Germany and Prussia a be found which does not even fulfil the re-
few years ago, and made men wonder whether quirements of grammatical construction,-as
the claim of our age to the possession of a “For on her head the girls had weaved a crown,”
superior civilization was anything more than and
hypocrisy. It was nothing less than a crusade “The power to move the soul and moist the eye.”
in behalf of her race that was undertaken by | Nothing more favorable can be said of the
Miss Lazarus when the news came of the contents of this volume than that they show
Russian atrocities of 1880, and this crusade warmth of feeling and a certain degree of
occupied her best thought and highest energies grace.
up to her death in 1885. In her devotion to “Romances, Lyrics, and Sonnets, from the
this cause, she first found her real self. We Poetic Works of Elizabeth Barrett Browning,"
read in the introductory essay: “ All this time is a companion to the publishers' volume of


244
THE DIAL
[Jan.,
- -
selections from Browning issued last season. | is exceedingly unhappy. It reminds one of
We took occasion to commend that selection the claims set up a generation ago (and still
to the attention of the Browning clubs; but occasionally voiced) for certain minor Ameri-
we fear that our suggestion was not received can poets by their too patriotic critics. What
with much enthusiasm. “Sordello” and “Pis we do find in these Australian verses is an
gah-Sights” are more to the taste of those | abundance of animal spirits, an exuberant
clubs than “Memorabilia " and the “Incident but untrained delight in the natural aspects of
of the French Camp.” We suspect that these the Australian continent, and the promise,
latter poems are regarded as little better than perhaps, of good work in the future.
milk for babes by all zealous adherents of the “The Book of Latter-Day Ballads" is a col-
Browning cult. Fortunately, there are no lection of narrative verse published during the
Mrs. Browning clubs, and our commendation past thirty years. Mr. Henry F-Randolph,
of the exquisite volume now published is ad the editor, has selected some two score poems
dressed to all lovers of poetry and all amateurs of this description, representing that number
of dainty editions. We have no quarrel with of writers, and the same number of subjects,
the editor of this selection, unless it be that he since each poet is allowed but one piece, and
has omitted “The Court Lady,” which is cer no two of the pieces (except in one case) are
tainly the most beautiful of the poems inspired upon the same theme. The collection is an
by the Italian struggle for liberty. Since the excellent one, beginning with “The Haystack
volume is only a selection, and a scanty one, in the Floods," by William Morris, and end-
every reader will miss something, no doubt ; ing with A. C. Gordon's “ Before the Party.”
but what we have is of the best. We could Tennyson is represented by “ The First Quar-
suggest no choicer gift as a holiday remem- rel” (we should certainly have chosen “Riz-
brance than these two companion books, the pah”), Browning by “Hervé Riel,” Rossetti
one exemplifying rather the heart, and the by “The King's Tragedy,” Meredith by “ The
other the brain, of that union of two souls Young Princess," and Lowell by “The
whose ideal fitness for one another was such | Courtin'."
that we may well marvel that, in this world To the many collections of sonnets found in
of cross-purposes, destiny was for once so every library of English poetry must be added
kind as to unite them.
the notable volume recently edited by Will-
A few familiar names greet the eye as it iam Sharp. This work, with its extensive
runs over the generous table of contents of introductory essay, its two hundred and sev-
“ A Century of Australian Song," but these enty selected “Sonnets of the Century," and
are found, after all, to be the names of Eng. its valuable notes containing, together with
lish poets who occasionally wrote about Aus- their biographical matter, upwards of half a
tralia. Thus, we find a broadside of Erasmus hundred additional sonnets, is one of the best
Darwin, in which the future of Australia is works on the subject in our language. It
predicted; some passages from R. H. Horne's contains many sonnets not to be found in other
- The South Sea Sisters ”; and a rhymed ro. collections, and, indeed, difficult to find any.
mance of the bush, by John Boyle O'Reilly. where (for example, the ten of Theodore
The case of Alfred Domett is different, for he, Watts), and the selection made evinces, on the
as all readers of Mr. Browning's “ Waring" part of the editor, a discrimination and a criti.
know, turned his back upon European civiliza cal sense of an unusual sort.
tion for good, and sought out a new home in A companion volume to the above, upon
the Southern Seas. The more strictly Aus- “ The Sonnets of Europe,” edited by Samuel
tralian writers, of whom some four score are Waddington, competes with no other English
represented in this collection, have hardly | work of which we have any knowledge. Of
made themselves heard in the northern hem the wealth of already published material for a
isphere. A few, such as Gordon, Kendall, and collection of this sort, few, even among those
Sladen (the editor of the present work), have who have made poetry a special study, have
found a small circle of readers in England and any idea. The thought naturally recurs to
America; but none of them can be said to | Symonds's translations from Michel Angelo
enjoy a wide fame. Examination of their and Campanella, to the translations from Dante
work, here exhibited, it may be presumed, at | by Martin, Norton, and Cary, to the versions
its best, fails to reveal any good reason why | of Ronsard and a few other French poets by
even the best of these writers should enjoy a Lang and Dobson, to Longfellow's translations
very wide or general reputation. The opinion of a number of Spanish sonnets, and to an
of the editor is naturally biased, and can occasional familiar sonnet such as that trans-
hardly be allowed to count for much upon this lated from Quevedo by Mrs. Hemans, or that
question. Certainly, his effort (in the Intro by Byron from Vittorelli; but in addition to
duction) to establish for Kendall the claim to these, Mr. Waddington has gathered together
a rank not far below that of Shelley or Keats, a great number of others of equal excellence


1889.]
245
THE DIAL
Salendo e rigirando la montagna,
Che drizza voi che il mondo fece torti.
Tanto dice di farmi sua compagna,
Ch' io sarò la dove fia Beatrice:
and practically unknown to the general reader.
Con questa vera carne che il seconda.
Indi m'han tratto su gli suoi conforti,
In fact, out of some two hundred and fifty
sonnets, over thirty, including many of the
best, are published for the first time in this
volume. Of these, Leonardo da Vinci's “ Of
Quivi convien che senza lui rimagna."
Will, Power, and Duty," translated by the
Now turning to Mr. Wilstach, we find the
editor; Gabriele Rossetti's “Status Quo,"
| following translation :
translated by W. M. Rossetti; Manuel de
“Through the gloom
Boccage's “On Nelson,” translated by J. J.
Deep-set that holds the truly dead hath me,
Aubertin, and the translations from the Swed In my true flesh, this one led safe and free.
ish of Rosenhane, Wexionius, and Stagnelius,
And his availing aid hath given me room
For hope of mounting here from plane to plane
by Edmund Gosse, are particularly note-
Which souls deformed like yours make straight :gain.
worthy. Of the previously published but little-
His word I have that he will with me bide
known translations here included, we would
Till finally where dwells Beatrice I shall be:
call special attention to Gosse's versions of There I must him allow to part from me."
Redi, O'Shaughnessy's versions of Sully Prud What has become of the “grand style" of the
homme, and J. J. Aubertin's series of a dozen
original ? is the first question suggested by a
or more translations from Camoens.
perusal of this. Readers of Matthew Arnold
Mr. John Augustine Wilstach, whose trans-
will remember that he makes use of precisely
lation of the complete works of Virgil was the above selection in illustrating what he un-
published some years ago, again comes before derstands by the “grand style” in poetry ;
the public with a work of similar magnitude. ) of the passage, “la montagna, Che drizza voi
His translation of the Divine Comedy of che il mondo fece torti," as exemplifying the
Dante, with the notes and illustrations that « grand style" in its severity, and of the last
he has provided, fills two substantial octavo three verses as exemplifying the “grand
volumes. We have examined this translation style" in its simplicity. But for “the moun-
with a great deal of interest, and find its salient
tain which straightens you whom the world
features to be as follows. It is a rhymed trans-
made crooked," our translator gives us the
lation, and the verses are grouped in stanzaic
clumsy and ungrammatical “plane to plane
divisions of nine each. The rhyme is double Which souls deformed like yours make straight
and in some cases triple, but is not reducible again." Nothing could well be worse than
to any general system. Its tendency is to con this, or farther removed from the noble aus-
form to this arrangement : 1 2 2 1 3 3 4 5 5
terity of Dante's phrase. The last three lines
4 6 6 7 8 8 7 9 9,-the cycle being completed are somewhat better, but in them the word
in two of the stanzaic groups. Inferno IV., “ finally” is surely a stumbling-block, and the
for example, follows the above plan without a “I must him allow" a perversion of the idea.
break until the last verse is reached; and this « There it is fitting that I remain without
verse, being an odd one, its rhyme forms a 1 him." These words at least give us Dante's
triple with that already doubled by the penul- sense ; the style no English words can repro-
timate. Elsewhere we find irregularities in duce. We fear that Mr. Wilstach's work will
the arrangement; a triple rhyme now and then, not bear the test. It must, however, be remem-
and again a verse for which no rhyme is pro- bered that critics have come to set a very
vided. In this verse, so similar to the Spen high standard for the translation of Dante,-
serian, a closing alexandrine would not be | a standard higher, probably, than that set for
wholly out of place; we have noticed one translations either of Homer or of Virgil. They
such, and possibly there are others. Mr. Wil-
are justified in this by the excellent work that
stach's translation is line-for-line; we have
has already been done, and by the possibilities
noticed no canto in which the number of lines
suggested by such fragments as those made
of his version varies from that of the original. by Shelley and D. G. Rossetti. To fail in
So much for the mechanical part of the work. what is perhaps the supreme task of English
The far more serious matters pertaining to translation is no failure in the ordinary sense,
style can only be illustrated by quotation. and Mr. Wilstach is still to be warmly con-
Lack of space makes our remarks necessarily
gratulated for his faithful and scholarly
brief, and we will confine them to comment work. His translation, with its accompani-
upon a single extract. We have selected the ment of notes and illustrations, is a worthy
following passage (Purg. XXIII., 121-133) monument both to his own fame and to that
because it is typically Dantesque, and not be of the great Florentine, and every collector
cause of any merits or demerits of Mr. Wil of Dantean literature will wish to place it
stach's version. In fact, we have chosen it
| upon his shelves.
without looking to see what our translator has
The new American edition of Fitzgerald's
made of it.
“ Omar Khayyam” is a vast improvement
“Costui per la profonda
Notte menato m'ha de' veri morti,
over the old one, and will speedily find its way


246
[Jan.,
THE DIAL
to the shelves and hearts of the many to whom
these quatrains are among the most precious
things in literature. Of course we are not
now making any comparison with the superb
illustrated edition, which stands quite by itself.
The present volume contains a biographical
preface, a letter from a travelling English
artist at Nishapur (a sketch of the tomb of
Omar by this artist appears as a frontispiece),
Fitzgerald's introduction to his first and third
editions, the text of the first and fourth edi.
tions, Fitzgerald's valuable notes, and a series
of notes by the editor collating Fitzgerald's
quatrains with those of Nicolas and Whinfield,
and illustrating many of them by literal trans-
lations from the original. It will thus be seen
that nothing is lacking to make the work com-
plete. Its most interesting feature for the
majority of readers is that afforded by the
text of the seventy-five “rubáiyát” that were
printed in the first edition. The third and
fourth editions contained a hundred and one.)
Some critics, and notably Mr. Swinburne, ex-
press a preference for the first edition, not
regarding the subsequent alterations in the
light of improvements. In many cases, we
are inclined to take this view ; but in the
majority, perhaps, the final version is the more
perfect. Several of the quatrains, and among
these the most perfect of all, are alike in both
editions. Absolute perfection of form once
reached, nothing remained for the translator
to do.
Other translators may well hesitate to at-
tempt what Fitzgerald has done so supremely
well. Mr. John Leslie Garner has, however,
been emboldened to try his hand at a transla-
tion of Omar, and, in his little volume of
“Strophes,” gives us versions of one hundred
and forty-two of the “rubaiyát.” More lit-
eral than the work of Fitzgerald, these trans-
lations seem to lack almost wholly that magic
touch which we find in Fitzgerald's quatrains,
and which gives them so high a place in Eng-
lish poetry. A favorable specimen of Mr. Gar-
ner's work is the following, which we select
because everyone knows by heart Fitzgerald's
translation of the same quatrain, and can make
the comparison for himself.
“Oh that to Heaven's Control I might aspire,
And sweep away this Universe Entire,
Then from the Ruins bulld Another World,
Where Man might sometimes reach his Heart's Desire."
Another of the best of Mr. Garner's verses
reproduces a quatrain not found in Fitzgerald:
“A Bird upon the crumbling walls of Tus
Addressed the grinning skull of Kai.Kaius:-
• The Rumbling of Thy Drums affright no Ears,
Thy Trumpets now are tarnished from Disuse." "
Mr. Garner's “strophes” are classified in
groups, a certain similarity of matter and tone
being characteristic of each, and each group
is prefaced by an aptly-chosen quotation. One
can easily imagine, for example, the quatrains
that would be chosen to follow Alfred de Mus-
set's familiar and exquisite couplet:
“Les plus désespérés sont les chants les plus beaux,
Et j'en sais d'immortels qui sont de purs sanglots."
This grouping is one of the most pleasing
features of Mr. Garner's little book. His few
notes are well-chosen and interesting, and this
may be said also of the remarks which he has
put into his brief introduction.
“With Sa'di in the Garden,” Mr. Edwin
Arnold's new poem, is an idyl of the Taj
Mahal. It opens with a detailed description
of that most wonderful of tombs, and then
of that m
proceeds to relate how a party of four-the
English Saheb, the Mohammedan Mirza, the
Persian Singer, and the Nautch girl-spent
a night within its sacred precincts. The hours
were passed in song and dance, and high con-
verse upon things spiritual, being mainly de-
voted to the Mirza's reading of one of the
books—the third of the Bostân of Sa'di.
Mr. Arnold's poem is thus made to serve as
framework for the translation of this work,
which is given in the form of quatrains,
structurally the same, although rhythmically
very different, from Mr. Fitzgerald's “Rubái.
yát.” How great is this difference, and how
excellent in their way are Mr. Arnold's quat-
rains also, almost any one of them will suffice
to show.
"A certain man inquired of one who lay
Soul-stricken on the Mosque-floor, • Dost thou pray
For Life or Death?' He answered, 'I ask nothing!
What He adjudges I accept alway.'”
The lyrics and the passages in dialogue which
constitute the original part of Mr. Arnold's
work are couched in his usual felicitous dic-
tion, and make the volume a welcome addition
to the long series of those that have preceded it.
Mr. Ivan Panin, who has prepared a series
of prose translations from the poems of Push-
kin, has seen to it that the reader's gratitude
should not be wholly unqualified, by providing
the work with a critical introduction that had
far better been left unwritten. We say this,
not from a sense of the unnecessary acerbity
with which the writer has treated his fellow
critics in attempting to parry their thrusts in
advance, but from the impression of critical
ineptitude, as regards English poetry, which
this introduction cannot fail to produce. For,
not content with emphasizing the high char-
acter of Pushkin's art, he is unable to praise
the poet of his predilection otherwise than at
the expense of the majority of other poets,
particularly those of the Anglo-Saxon race.
Because, forsooth, there are false metaphors
in “The Psalm of Life," and because an un-
named member of the English parliament is
reputed once to have said that he “smelt a
rat and saw it brewing in the air until it was
in danger of becoming an apple of discord," —


1889.]
247
THE DIAL
for these cogent reasons the English are set results of his life-work, but also the first-fruits of
down for a race of talkers, and all English recent Assyrian scholars in Germany as well as
poetry is charged with insincerity of imagina-
France. In this last volume she has pursued her
tion ! We are not disposed to controvert the
accustomed method, and has based her history upon
a preliminary study of the myths and religious
translator's statement that Pushkin has the
ideas of the people under discussion-in this case,
qualities of “ sincere imagination,” “true sen.
as drawn from the Avesta-u-Zend. The brief his-
timent,” and “true measure," but to admit tory of the Median sovereigns, and of the princes
this we do not find it necessary to inveigh of Persia to the time of Marathon, is stripped of the
against the “falsity” of Shakespeare's Son vast amount of legend which grew about it under
nets, the “wretchedness" of Shelley's “Cloud,"
Greek treatment. Nebuchadrezzar of Babylon
or the “bungling” of Wordsworth's “ Phan-
not only has his name properly spelled, but is de-
livered from a distorted biography, -appearing as
tom of Delight." Goldsmith, the one English
a great national king who had the interests of his
poet for whom the translator has a word of
empire at heart, and whose reign was not only brill-
unstinted praise, once afforded, in a memora iant but prosperous. “Kurush the king, the Akhae-
ble passage critical of the soliloquy in “Ham menian," stands revealed in all his native dignity,
let,” an example of the type of oblique vision as not only a great conqueror but a wise statesman.
displayed by the present writer. Of Mr.
Madame Ragozin is happy in the possession of a
Panin's translations, little need be said. They
brilliant style, backed by great historical insight
are literal in line and word, and thus, in all
and power of selection and recombinåtion.
essential respects, prose translations, although
It is now upwards of sixty years since Keats,
printed in the form of verse. They are all Shelley, and Byron, at intervals of a few months,
short pieces, neither the “Evgenii Onaegin," passed away. And now Mr. Matthew Arnold's
the “Pultava,” nor any other of the more volume of posthumous essays comes to remind us of
extended compositions, being included. Each
his prophecy that, “when the year 1900 is turned,
poem is provided with a reference to page and
and our nation comes to recount her poetic glories
volume of the Petersburg edition of 1887.
in the century which has then just ended, the first
names with her will be” those of Byron and Words-
The volume is prettily printed and bound.
worth. The year 1900 is almost in sight, and still the
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
prophecy, so far as it concerns Byron, seems wider
and wider of fulfilment. Meanwhile Shelley, whose
reputation in his own time was almost ridiculously
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
slight in comparison with Byron's world-wide fame,
and whose genius was “rebuked" by Byron's, as it
THREE women have recently stepped into the is said Mark Antony's was by Cæsar, is drawing
front ranks of living historians--one of them into more and more readers to himself, - converting
the first rank. Miss Norgate's “Angevin Kings,” | ever-widening circles to his radiant idealism. The
while dedicated to her "master," John Richard latest indication that the kingdom of the future
Green, has proved her a worthy compeer of that belongs to Shelley, rather than to Byron, comes
greater master Freeman. Mrs. Green's posthumous from a land to which we have ceased to look for
editing of her husband's “Conquest of England”. idealism in letters—the land in which the stars of
and her own original work entitled “Henry the Lamartine and George Sand have paled before the
Second” have shown that she combines her hus- | new light of Zola and Daudet. M. Felix Rabbe,
band's powers of expression with a perhaps more who has translated Shelley's principal works into
judicial mind. Madame Zenaide Ragozin has already French prose, has written a fascinating biography
won an enviable place by her histories of Chaldæa of the poet which is now offered us in English
and Assyria in the “Story of the Nations " series dress. Of course no one would look to a French-
(Putnam). She now gives us the story of Media, man for the definitive biography of Shelley: for
including Persia. In these three volumes, Madame the performance of that high task quite exceptional
Ragozin has shown a power for revivifying the dry | critical powers will be requisite, and to critical
bones of Assyriology which is truly remarkable. perspicacity the present author cannot pretend.
Never has an apparently more barren subject been Fortunately, criticism is, in this book, a quite
taken in hand; never, perhaps, has a mere sketch secondary matter; the author's primary aim being
been better handled. Her pages glow with a living to furnish a full and readable biography of Shelley
interest, and we are sure that no one but those born the man. For Shelley the poet we do not need to
without the historic sense can peruse these books look abroad; besides his works, we have an abun-
perfunctorily. We must, however, warn prospect- dance of competent criticism; but we have hitherto
ive readers that these books are not of the school had no biography which avoided equally the extreme
of Freeman, or Stubbs, or Skene. The history of of tantalizing brevity and that of tiresome length-
antiquity is not documentary in its bulk, as is that iness. M. Rabbe's book has therefore its place
of England or Scotland. One must ab initio allow among us; it tells us much more about Shelley than
a large amount of inference and of reconstruction, Mr. Symonds is able to do within the limits imposed
and concede at the close that much is hypothetical. upon him by the plan of the “English Men of
So we must do for Mommsen and Curtius, and the Letters Series," while it omits little, perhaps, that
Assyriologist may demand as much. There are could be deemed essential, of the great mass of
facts, and in abundance; but the relations and material contained in Professor Dowden's extensive
sequences, the atmosphere, must be brought forth work. M. Rabbe is especially to be commended
for us. Madame Ragozin is a disciple of Lenor for the use he makes of his authorities; instead of
mant, yet has popularized for us not only the recasting the remarkable story they have to tell, he


248
[Jan.,
THE DIAL
gives us their own words in copious citations con cient. The essays on children and children's books
nected by clear and unpretending narrative tissue. have a distinct educational value. The lady has an
There is something dramatic in the way in which intelligent preference for grown-up books for young
Shelley himself, Hogg, Peacock, Medwin, Hunt, readers; and she has a well-founded contempt for
Byron, Trelawney, Mrs. Shelley, and others, are the modern juvenile novel, with its adolescent hero
brought upon the scene and made to testify. Their and heroine practising philanthrophy upon their
several narratives give a variety, a zest, and a real unfortunate adult relatives and neighbors. Even at
value to the book, which only a biographer of its best the juvenile book is, she justly thinks,
genius could hope to attain single-handed.
neutral and ineffective, inasmuch as it never serves
as a lodestone to draw the mind in the direction of
OF Doctor C. C. Everett's “Poetry, Comedy, and ideal interests. Miss Repplier quotes a good deal
Duty” (Houghton Mifflin & Co.), it is hardly too from Bagehot and “a writer in Blackwood," but
much to say that it is the most important discussion we can forgive the quotations since they are well-
of the philosophy of the poetic art in its relation selected and quite up to the level of the context.
to ethics that has been produced in America. The These essays read like the easy talk of a bright and
author is eminently endowed with the flowing
well-read woman, to whose society the reader con-
eloquence, the copiousness and elegance of illustra gratulates himself upon being admitted. Whether
tion, that we naturally associate with the name of spoken or written, such talk gives higher attraction
Everett. His present work is obviously the product to human intercourse and added grace to life. The
of a highly-trained mind moving easily and boldly distinguishing notes of this author's mind are san-
amid the intricacies of a perplexing theme, and ity, humorous irony, and freedom from perverting
skilfully arranging considerable masses of material prepossessions. Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
so as to illustrate and confirm a series of logically have given these essays a dainty dress in keeping
progressive propositions. The style is clear, with their literary beauty.
polished, and often admirably terse. Such a work
deserves to be tried by the very highest standards. RABBI SOLOMON SCHINDLER, of the Temple Adath
In comparison with the best critical work, Dr. Israel in Boston, has published a most valuable
Everett's treatise suffers here and there from a cer book in his “Dissolving Views in the History of
tain want of fiber, a certain clerical copiousness Judaism" (Lee & Shepard). It is valuable both as
and inconclusiveness, that tend to blind the fas-
| a historical sketch of Jewish opinion concentrated
tidious reader to its really remarkable merits. in a succession of Jewish leaders of thought from
Despite the author's formidable logical panoply, Moses to Montefiore and Heine, and as an expression
and his strong grasp of his subject in its entirety, in its closing chapters of the views of the advanced
there are occasional flaws in his argument such as American Jew of to-day. One discovers here that
we tolerate only in sermons. Perhaps it would be the progress of Jewish thought since the days of
unfair to intimate that these soft spots are insepa Christ has been not only steady but intimately
rable from the theological habit of mind; it is, related to the progress of Gentile life; and as he
however, curious to note that they occur here, as reads of the puritanical Anan Ben David, the poet-
elsewhere, in connection with the names and theories ical Jehuda Halevi, the creed-making Maimonides,
of such men as Tyndall and Darwin. But it is far
the pantheistic Spinoza, the philosophical Mendels-
from being our intention to "damn with faint praise" sohn, the reforming Geiger, and the rationalizing
a book which we have read with much profit, with Wise, he realizes how far Judaism has gone away
much admiration, and with occasional hearty dis from the Jahvism of the Old Testament Scriptures..
sent. It certainly contains a large amount of valu One is startled to see how much a Jewish rabbi
able thought elegantly and lucidly presented. No allows for the influence of Christian doctrines, such
one unfamiliar with the literature of æsthetics can as that of salvation by faith, or of great historic
read this handsome volume attentively, without movements such as the Crusades, in the growth of
being stimulated to think upon one of the most modern Jewish thought. Here are found not only
charming of subjects. To some, it may easily open life-like pictures of the men who have been great
up a wholly new field of thought, and so perform the thinkers and actors in Jewry, but also most admi-
service that Lessing's “Laocoön ” performed for rable chapters on the Talmud and the Kabbala.
Macaulay. It is certainly a book to be chewed and
The author shows a fine historical perception, as he
digested. In view of these qualities, and of the
n view of these qualities, and of the glances for a moment at the statesmanlike motive in
scrvice it is capable of rendering the attentive the consent of the great Cyrus to the Jews' return,
rcader, we must insist that the merits of the book
or as he puts before us the statecraft that prompted
decidedly outweigh its sporadic defects.
the persecution which brought forth the Maccabee.
One is led to linger tenderly over the memory of
AGNES REPPLIER's “ Books and Men" is a capti- | Manassee Ben Israel, who prompted that glorious
vating little group of essays, much in the vein of deed of Cromwell's--the recall of the Jews to Eng-
Birrell's famous "Obiter Dicta,” though with a
land. Rabbi Schindler and his school are the ra-
more feminine flavor of restrained irony and an
tionalists of the Jewish camp. Revelation and
even more facile dexterity in shifting the scenes. prayer, and the supernatural as a matter of practical
Every critic should be grateful to her for the essay
life, disappear before their sceptical analysis; they
on “Curiosities of Criticism,” wherein she very plant their feet optimistically upon the present life,
effectively clears the air of some of the recent
and look into a future of humanitarian effort and
darkenings of counsel respecting the functions of
worthy living.
criticism. A writer wbo can put things in so taking
and so convincing a way deserves admiration, no THERE is nothing original, or even new-unless
matter how slight the fabric or how unsystematic it be the method-in Edward Payson's “The Law
the grouping of ideas. It is given to few to punc- l of Equivalents" (Houghton). Yet it is a most
ture sophism with a touch so light and yet so suffi-| stimulating book, because it illustrates-by excep-


1889.]
249
THE DIAL
tion-a statement which the author makes in his | Index, published in 1882, Dr. Poole stated that
chapter on Thought: “For some reason or other, ! Supplements would be issued every five years. The
thinking-I mean downright, earnest, severe think- first of these Supplements, containing the refer-
ing - is neither practiced nor esteemed.” The ences from January 1, 1882, to January 1, 1887, not
author has thought carefully and patiently over only continues the references to periodicals indexed
matters that are possible food for contemplation for in the main work, but includes also sixty-one sets
everyone, and he has elaborated a law of equiv-| of periodicals not heretofore indexed. The total
alents for all human conduct, individual and asso-1 number of volumes covered by the Supplement is
ciate. It is a new commentary on the old text, 1,089, forming a large octavo of almost 500 pages.
that one must reap as he has sown, as well as upon The work has been carried out on the same general
the older one, of effect following cause. Forcibly | plan of the edition of 1882, and renders accessible
is attention called to the bumptiousness of “Amer- the latest contributions on a large number of sub-
icanism,” which jauntily sees a “special provi- jects. Under the head of Shakespeare alone are to
dence" presiding over the destinies of the great be found no less than 240 titles. The thanks of all
Republic, that, whether we seek or not, will deliver literary workers are due to Dr. Poole, to his associ-
us from any unpleasant consequences of our con | ate editor Mr. Fletcher, and to the fifty-nine co-
duct. Especially sound is the treatment of remedial öperating librarians who have given him their
and reformatory legislation, where the author says: | voluntary assistance in producing this indispensable
“But that a community should ever be taught, or bibliographical aid.
even suffered to believe, that for any part of the
virtue which belongs to it, it is dependent upon a
MR. RUSKIN sometimes says unwise things, and
mere legislative act, would be to grievously mis-
says them with all his might; but he would indeed
take or rather to ignore altogether, this law of
be a hard and narrow follower of the letter who
equivalents. Virtue, in any true sense of the word,
should be able to read the “Selections from Rus-
is the result of battle.” We have never seen a
kin,” prepared by Mr. Edwin Ginn for his series of
stronger putting of the argument against woman
“Classics for Children,” without feeling the noble,
suffrage than the chapter on that subject, which,
manly, wholesome spirit that pervades the whole.
however, does not close the discussion. We dissent
We might as well exclude Shakespeare for indelicacy
from the “manifold blessings" which flow to
as Ruskin for paradox. In his delightful advice to
society from the moral irregularities of men's lives,
young people about books and reading, Ruskin
and simply refer the author to the citation, twenty
admits that all books have their “ill-done, redun-
pages further on, which he makes approvingly from
dant, affected work.” He adds: “ But if you read
one of the most distinguished critics of the day,”
rightly, you will easily discover the true bits, and
for his confutation.
those are the book.” Young people who can be
induced to read Ruskin may be trusted to read him
The volumes of Mr. George P. Upton's series of
aright and to find their own in him. Considering
musical handbooks have already proved themselves what children read, and who their most popular
indispensable to concert-goers, and, encouraged by
purveyors are, parents and teachers ought to look
the reception they have met with, the author has
upon Messrs. Ginn & Co, as benefactors. It should
added to his Standard Operas, Oratorios, and Canta-
be added that the editor of “ Classics for Children”
tas, a volume devoted to “The Standard Sympho-
has wisely construed the word children in its most
nies.” This is perhaps the most useful handbook | liberal sense, as including all ages, say, from eight
of the four. One may be a music-lover with a taste
to eighty.
for what is of classical excellence, and yet find
himself wholly at sea during the performance of a
symphony. He has no text to refer to, and, unless
he is possessed of considerable technical musical TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
knowledge, he can form little conception of the
JANUARY, 1889.
structure of an orchestral work by merely listening
to its performance. Here Mr. Upton's manual
Administrative Exiles of Siberia, Geo. Kennan. Century.
comes to his aid, tells him the circumstances under American Poetry and Fiction. E. P. Anderson. Dial.
which the work was composed, the feelings or moods
American Public Life, 50 Years of. E. G. Johnson. Drial.
Ancient Rome, Modern Studies of. W.F.Ullen. Dial.
of which it is expressive, the incidents or ideas with
Athletic Problem in Education. N. S. Shaler. Atlantic.
which it was associated in the mind of the com Beavers. H. P. Wells. Harper.
Bible as a Gospel of Events. Chas. T. Collins. Andover.
poser, and, in language as simple as possible, the
(alifornia for Sick and Well. T. M. Coan. Dial.
plan of its harmonic structure. In the case of the Castle Life in the Middle Ages. Scribner.
Clergy and the Times. Archdeacon MacKay Smith. Harper
great symphonies--the immortal nine of Beethoven,
('olloquial English. A. S. Hill. Harper.
six of Haydn, and three of Mozart-illustrations
(reeds and Church - Membership. Andover.
are given in musical notation, a help which we wish Curtis, Moses Ishley. Popular Science.
Devotional Reading. Frederic Palmer. Andover.
might have been extended in the case of all the
Factory Life. Lillie B. C. Wyman. Atlantic.
others. Fifty-six symphonies and thirteen sym Galilee. E. L. Wilson. Century.
Gauss and the Electric Telegraph. Popular Science,
phonic poems are described in this extremely wel.
Genius and Talent. Grant Allen. Popular Science.
come little book.
Giotto. W, J. Stillman. Century
Guiding-Needle of an Iron Ship. T. 1. Lyons. Pop. Sci.
Historic Homes, Mrs. Martha J. Lamb. Mag. Am. Hist.
The publication of the first Supplement to Horses of the Plains. F. Remington, Century.
“Poole's Index to Periodical Literature” will be Hospital Life. A. B. Ward. Scribner.
House-Drainage. J. S. Billings. Popular Science.
hailed with satisfaction by all literary workers, as
Howells's Novels, Moral Purpose in. Andover.
it places in their hands an additional key to an im Inventional Geometry. E. R. Shaw. Popular Science.
portant field of English and American literature.
Ireland, Manufacturing Industry in, Harper.
Japanese Art Symbols. W. E. Griffis. Scribner.
Kentucky. C. D. Warner. Harper.


250
[Jan.,
THE DIAL
Arnold Toynbee. By F. C. Montague. With an Account
of the Work of Toynbee Hall, by Philip Lyttelton
Geli, M.A., Chairman of the Council. With Portrait.
8vo, pp. 70. Paper. Johns Hopkins University Studies.
50 cents.
Lincoln, Abraham, Hay and Nicolay. Century
Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence. M. Am. Hist.
Pagan Ireland. Chas, de Kay. Century.
Photography, Amateur. F. C. Beach. Harper.
Poetry, Recent Books of. W. M. Payne Dial.
Quebec in Winter. Prosper Bender. Mag. Am. Hist.
Railway Management. E. P. Alexander. Scribner.
Religion. Public Instruction in A. R. Margh. Andover.
Russian Bronzes. Clarence Cook. Harper.
Science and Its Accusers. W. D. Le Sueur. Pop. Science.
Sea Lions and Fur-Seals. W. H. Larrabee. Pop. Science.
Secularism in the West. J. T. Duryea Andover.
Secularized Classes. Andover.
Spanish American Revolutions. Mag. Am. Hist.
Suanetians, The W. W. Freshfield. Popular Science.
Town-Life as a Cause of Degeneracy. G.B.Barron Pop.Sci.
Uniform Legislation in the U.S. F. G. Cook. Atlantic.
Von Moltke. Philip Dymond. Atlantie.
Warner, Olin. Henry Eckford. Century.
Washington's Campaign of 1776. John Fiske. Atlantic.
West Point of the Confederacy. J. S. Wise. Century.
ESSAYS-SELECTIONS.
The Soul of the Far East. By Percival Lowell, author
of "Choson," etc. 16mo, pp. 226. Gilt top. Houghton,
Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
Wit, Wisdom, and Pathos, from the Prose of Heinrich
Heine, with a Few Pieces from the "Book of Songs."
Selected and Translated by J. Snodgrass. Second Edi.
tion, Thoroughly Revised. 12mo, pp. 338. Cupples & Hurd.
$2.00.
| The Bookworm. An Illustrated Treasury of Old-Time
Literature. Illustrated. Large 8vo, pp. 42). London:
Elliot Stock. $3.00.
Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry. By John
Dryden. 24mo, pp. 192. Paper. Cassell's National Li.
brary. 10 cents.
10
POETRY-THE DRAMA.
The Writings of John Greenleaf Whittier. Riverside
BOOKS OF THE MONTH.
Edition. In Seven Volumes. THE POETIC WORKS:
Vol. 11I.. Anti-Slavery Poems; Songs of Labor and
The following list includes all books received by THE DIAL | Reform. Vol. IV., Personal Poems; Occasional Poems;
during the month of December, 1888.)
The Tent on the Beach; Poems of Elizabeth Whittier;
Appendix; Indexes. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Each,
ILLUSTRATED ART BOOKS.
$1.50.
The Poems of Emma Lazarus. In Two Volumes. With
Musical Instruments and their Homes. By Mary E. a Portrait. Vol. I., Narrative, Lyric, and Dramatic;
Brown and Wm. Adams Brown. 270 Illustrations in
Vol. II., Jewish Poems: Translations. 16mo. Gilt
Pen and Ink by Wm. Adams Brown. The whole form.
top. Houghton, Mimin & Co. $2.50.
ing a Complete Catalogue of the Collection of Musical
Poems. By Alexander Pushkin. Translated from the
Instruments now in the Possession of Mrs. J. Crosby
Russian, with Introduction and Notes, by Ivan Panin.
Brown, of New York. Large 4to, pp. 380. Extra, gilt
16mo, pp. 179. Gilt top. Cupples & Hurd. $2.00.
top. Dodd, Mead & Co. $10.00.
Hesper: An American Drama By William Roscoe
Old Songs. With Drawings by Edwin A. Abbey and Thayer, author of "The Confessions of Hermes." 16mo,
Alfred Parsons. 4to, pp. 122. Full leather, gilt edges. pp. 107.' Gilt top. Charles W. Sever. $1.00.
Harper & Bros. $7.50.
Margaret, and the Singer's Story. By Effie Douglass
Coaching Days and Coaching Ways. By W. Outram
Putnam. 16mo, pp. 103. Gilt edges. Cupples & Hurd.
Tristram. With Illustrations by Herbert Railton and
$1.25.
Hugh Thomson. 4to, pp. 367. Macmillan & Co. $6.00. Ionia. A Lay of Ancient Greece. By Payne Erskine.
Log-Book Notes Through Life, By Elizabeth A. Little.
12mo, pp. 186. Gilt top. Cupples & Hurd. $1.75.
author of “ Beacon Lights." Illustrated in Monotint. Beads of Morning. By William S. Lord. 16mo, pp. 60.
Oblong. Boards. White & Allen. $2.50.
Gilt top. University Press Co., Evanston, ill. $1.00.
A Manual of Decorative Composition. For Designers, Monadnoc, and other Sketches in Verse. By J. E. Nes.
Decorators, Architects, and Industrial Artists. By
mith. 18mo, pp. 79. Gilt top. Author's Edition.
Henri Mayeux. Translated by J. Gonino. Nearly 300 Tancred's Daughter, and other Poems. By Charles G.
engravings. 12mo, pp. 310. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
Blanden. 18mo, pp. 60. Gilt top. G. P. Putnam's
The Musician's Calendar for 1889. Compiled
Sons. 75 cents.
E. Morse. Silver, Burdett & Co. 50 cents.
The Witch in the Glass, etc. By Sarah E. B. Piatt,
author of “A Voyage to the Fortunate Isles." 16mo,
HISTORY-BIOGRAPHY.
pp. 100. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.00.
Wayside Pansies. By Edward Freiberger. Second Edi-
The American Commonwealth. By Jas. Bryce, author
tion. 16mo, pp. 51. Paper. Brentano's.
of “The Holy Roman Empire." In Two Volumes. Vol. I..
Our Glorified. Poems and Passages of Consolation,
The National Government --The State Governments-
Especially for those Bereaved by the Loss of Children.
The Party System: Vol. II., The Party System-Public
Edited by Elizabeth Howard Foxcroft. 16mo, pp. 136.
Opinion - Illustrations and Reflections-Social Insti.
Gilt edges. Lee & Shepard. $1.00.
tutions. Svo. Macmillan & Co. $6.00.
The Land of Sun and song. By John Preston Camp.
The Household History of the United States and Its
bell, author of "Queen Sylvia.” 12mo, pp. 253. TO.
People For Young Americang. By Edward Eggles.
peka, Kas.: Geo. W. Crane Publishing Co. $1.25.
ton. Fully Illustrated. Square 8vo, pp. 396. D. Ap-
Romeo and Juliet. By William Shakespeare. 24mo,
pleton & Co.
Ohio. First Fruits of the Ordinance of 1787. By Rufus
pp. 192. Paper. Cassell's National Library. 10 cents.
King. 16mo, pp. 427. Gilt top. American Oommon-
FICTION.
wealths. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
The Story of Holland. By James E. Thorold Rogers, Annie Kilburn. A Novel. By W. D. lIowells, author of
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12mo, pp. 388. The Story of the Nations. G. P. Putnam's $1.50.
Sons. $1.50.
The Despot of Broom sedge Cove. By Charles Egbert
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By the Rev. Augustus Jessop, D.D., author of “År. Houghton, Mifllin & Co. $1.25.
cady.". 12mo, pp. 344. Gilt top." G. P, Putnam's Sons. AU Sorts and Conditions of Men. An Impossible Story.
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By Walter Besant, author of " Dorothy Forster.'
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the German, with Additions and Notes, by J. Clark The Countess Eve. A Novel. By J. H. Shorthouse, anthor
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of “John Inglesant." 12mo, pp. 123. Paper. Harper's
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Franklin Square Library. 25 cents.
Ralph Waldo Emerson, Philosopher and Seer. An Eg. This Mortal Coil. By Grant Allen, author of “ Babylon."
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Library. 50 cents.
pp. 81. Gilt top. Cupples & Hurd. $1.00.
A Village Tragedy. By Margaret L. Woods. 16mo, pp.
Delia Bacon. A Biographical Sketch. With a Portrait.
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Svo, pp. 322. Gilt ton. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $2.00. A Heart Regained. A Novel By Carmen Sylva. Trans-
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with the Author's Sanction, by Sarah Holland Adams.
ples & Hurd. $1.00.
12mo, pp. 327. Gilt top. Cupples & Hurd. 82.00.
Around the Golden Deep. A Romance of the Sierras.
The Presidents of the United States, from Washington
By A, P. Reeder, 12mo, pp. 495. Cupples & Hurd. $1.50.
to Cleveland. Comprising their Personal and Politi. The Tory's Daughter. Å Romance of the North-West,
cal History. By John Frost, LL.D. Brought down
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to the Present Time by Harry W. French. Illustrated. 12mo, pp. 385. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
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Andersonville Violets. A Story of Northern and South-
From Lady Washington to Mrs. Cleveland. By Lydia ern Life. By Herbert W. Collingwood. 12mo, pp. 270.
L. Gordon. 12mo, pp. 448. Lee & Shepard $1.50.
Lee & Shepard. $1.00.
Plutarch's Lives of Romolus, Cimon, Lucullus, and The Son of a Star. A Romance of the Second Century.
Lycurgus. 24mo, pp. 192. Paper. Cassell's National By Benjamin Ward Richardson. 12mo, pp. 470. Long-
Library. 10 cents.
mans, Green & Co. $1.50.


1889.]
251
THE DIAL
A SHORT HISTORY
WAR OF SECESSION.
OF THE
SCIENCE-THEOLOGY.
Insects Injurious to Fruits. By William Saunders,
F.R.S.O., F.L.S.. F.C.S. Illustrated. Second Edition.
12mo, pp. 436. J. B. Lippincott Co. $2.00.
The Popular Science Monthly. Volume XXXIII. May-
Oct., 1888. Illustrated. Large 8vo, pp. 874. D. Apple.
ton & Co. $3.50.
The Kinship of Men: An Argument from Pedigrees; or,
Genealogy Viewed as a Science. By Henry Kendall.
12mo, pp. 216. Cupples & Hurd. $2.00.
The Training of the Twelve: or. Passages Out of the
Gospels Exhibiting the Twelve Disciples of Jesus un.
der Discipline for the Apostleship. By Alexander
Balmain Bruce, D.D. Fourth Edition, Revised and Im-
proved. 8vo, pp. 552. A. O. Armstrong & Son. $2.50.
By RossITER JOHNSON, author of “A History of the
French War, ending in the Conquest of Canada,"
and “A History of the War of 1812-'15.” Com-
plete in one volume, with 30 maps. Price, $3.00.
TEXT BOOKS.
Patriotic Reader; or, Human Liberty Developed. In
Verse and Prose, from Various Ages, Lands, and
Races, with Historical Notes. By Henry B. Carring-
ton, U.S.A., LL.D., author of " Battles of the American
Revolution." Svo, pp. 595. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.20.
Choix d'Eatraits de Daudet. Selected and edited by
William Price, B.A. 16mo, pp. 61. Paper. Select French
Texts. Chas. H. Kilborn. 15 cents.
Chamisso's Peter Schlemihl. With an Introduction
and Notes by Sylvester Primer, Ph.D. 16mo, pp. 98.
Paper. Select German Texts. Chas. H. Kilborn. 25 cents.
Had Rossiter Johnson not written "A Short History of
the War of Secession,"one would have said that further
histories of the struggle were superfluous-for a time,
at least. But in this new story Mr. Johnson has found
and filled a field not before covered. Gen. Sherinan
said of Mr. Johnson's " War of 1812-'15” that it was
“the best condensed account” of that conflict, “com.
pact, easy of reference, wonderfully accurate." To
his history of the Rebellion Mr. Johnson brings the
same qualities that won for his former work this high
encomium. Master of a style at once terse and lucid, he
writes of military events like a soldier, yet so that the
unmilitary reader can fully comprehend the operations
described. There is a lively forward movement to his
panorama, which carries the reader irresistibly along,
yet lets not a single important fact escape. It is the
plain story of the war as it was fought, written by a pen
dipped neither in gall nor molasses, but into honest ink
that flows as freely for one as for another, doing justice
to all, as nearly as human judgment will permit.-Buffalo
Express.
The book appears to us almost faultless. In a very few
hours the reader may obtain an accurate view of the
civil war, its causes and events.-The American Magazine
(New York).
TRAVEL-ADVENTURE.
A Winding Journey Around the World. By 0. W.
Wright, A.M., M.D. Large 8vo, pp. 518. Gilt top.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $2.00.
Aalesund to Tetuan. A Journey. By Charles R. Corn.
ing. 12mo, pp. 483. Gilt top. Cupples & Hurd. $2.00.
Gibraltar. By Henry M. Field. Illustrated. 8vo, pp.
139. Gilt top. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $2.00.
From London to Land's End, By Daniel Defoe. In.
cluding Two Letters from the “Journey Through
England, by a Gentleman.” 24mo, pp. 192. Paper.
Cassell's National Library. 10 cents.
Daylight Land. The Experiences, Incidents, and Ad.
ventures, Humorous and Otherwise, which Befel a
Parlor-Car Excursion over Prairie and Mountain, as
Ronndada
Recorded and Set Forth by W.H. H. Murray. Fully
vermine una Mountain, as
Illustrated. Large Svo, pp. 338. Paper. Cupples &
Hurd. $2.50.
From Flag to Flag. A Woman's Adventures and Ex-
periences in the South during the War, in Mexico,
and in Cuba. By Eliza McHatton Ripley. 16mo. D.
Appleton & Co. $1.00.
Winter Sketches From the Saddle. By a Septuagena.
rian, John Codman. With a Portrait. 18mo, pp. 205.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.00.
Under the Magnolias. By Lyman W. Denton, M.D.
12mo, pp. 317. Funk & Wagnalls. 81.00.
It keeps the highway of the story, and follows it rapidly
but clearly from the origin of the slavery problem to the
end of the war that solved it. It is written in strong,
simple, pure English. Mr. Johnson has the rare art to
tell a story without violating the canons of good narra.
tive. He has no friends or foes in this volume. His com.
mission is only to put forth the tale that friends and foes
wove by their swords; and he has done it incisively,
with courage, taste, and skill.-Chicago Tribune.
It is the work of a man who lived in the times which
he describes and was greatly influenced by the
feelings which they inspired, but whose honesty of pur.
pose has constrained him to write with strict impartiality.
His narrative is clear and well balanced, and the purely
descriptive portions are especially to be commended.
Mr. Johnson exhibits no mean knowledge of strategy in
pointing out minor conflicts, forgotten perhaps at the
present day, which were of great importance in directing
the progress of the war. .
. It is concise, exact,
and sufficient.- New York Sun.
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
The Chexxles. A Story. By Lucy Gibbons Morse. Illus.
trated. 12mo, pp. 280. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.50.
The Story of the American Sailor in Active Service on
Merchant Vessel and Man-of-War. By Elbridge S.
Brooks, author of The Story of the American Indian."
Illustrated. Large 8vo, pp. 336. D. Lothrop Co. 82.50.
A Christmas Posy. By Mrs. Molesworth. With Illus.
trations by Walter Crane. 16mo, pp. 215. Macmillan
& Co. $1.25.
The Birds' Christmas Carol. By Kate Douglas Wiggin.
Illustrated. 16mo. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 50 cents.
The Sailor Boys of '61. By James Russell Soley, author
of "The Boys of 1812." Fully Illustrated. Large 8vo,
pp. 381. Estes & Lauriat. $2.50.
The Steel Horse, or, The Rambles of a Bicycle. By Harry
Castleman, author of " Gunboat Series." Illustrated.
16mo, pp. 418. Porter & Coates. $1.25.
Chrystal, Jack & Co., and Delta Bixby. Two Stories,
By Kirk Munroe, author of “Wakulla,” Illustrated.
16mo, pp. 221. Harper & Bros. $1.00.
The Year's Best Days. For Boys and Girls. By Rose
Hartwick Thorpe, author of "Curfew Must Not Ring
To-Night." Square 16mo, pp. 202. Lee & Shepard. $i.
A first-rate history of the civil war in one volume has
long been a desideratum, and in the attractive work
before us we welcome the realization of a wish. Fortu.
nately, a skilled writer, able to say much in a few words,
to survey the whole field, and do injustice to no portion,
has undertaken the task. He preserves a happy propor-
tion in bis narrative of the civil and military events. His
judgment of men and measures is marked by candor and
impartiality. His knowledge of the interior workings of
the Confederacy during the four years of war is minute
and surprising. --The Critic (New York).
No short history of the war can approach this in clear.
ness of analysis of the military campaigns and of the
diplomacy that prevented Great Britain and France
from recognizing the Confederacy. The style is strong.
and in many places weighted with feeling.-San Francisco
Chronicle.
The history is one of the most readable and spirited
that we have seen. And its spirit is the right one. Mr.
Johnson believes in his country, and in the righteousness
of its cause. There is none of the God-knows-which was.
right nonsense in his book. It is just the book to put
into the hands of the rising generation, who need to know
not only the facts but the lessons to be learned from the
greatest chapter of modern history, and all the more so
as the merely military interest never predominates in
the author's mind. It treats the Lost Cause with as
much respect as was earned for it by the valor of its sol.
diers and the genius of its generals, but it takes the na-
tional view of affairs from first to last. -The American
(Philadelphia).
Sold everywhere. Sent, post-paid, on receipt of price, by the
publishers,
[Any book in this list will be mailed to any address, post-paid,
on receipt of price by Messrs. A. O. MCCLURG & Co., Chicago.]
TO AUTHORS.-The New York BUREAU OF REVISION
gives critical opinions on manuscripts of all kinds,
edits them for publication, and offers them to publishers.
George William Curtis says in Harper's Magazine: “Read.
ing manuscripts with a view to publication is done, as it
should be, professionally, by the Easy Chair's friend and
fellow-laborer in letters, Dr. Titus Munson Coan." Send
stamp to Dr. COAN for prospectus at 20 West 14th St., New
York City.
TICKNOR & CO., BOSTON.


252
THE DIAL
[Jan., 1889.
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254
THE DIAL
[Feb., 1889.
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THE DIAL
273
Vol. ix. FEBRUARY, 1889. No. 106. motives of the people that underlie the polit-
ical phenomena which he has interpreted and
arranged so skilfully. The Englishman has
CONTENTS.
come with no preconceived ideas, with no pur-
MR. BRYCE ON AMERICA. A.C. McLaughlin . . . 255
pose except to seek the truth. A student and
REAL HISTORY OF THE PEOPLE. Henry D. Lloyd 258
writer of history, a teacher of law, an active
participant in the politics of Westminster, a
A HISTORY OF FRENCH PAINTING. Horatio n.
man naturally endowed with judgment, sym-
Powers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
pathy, and moral enthusiasm, has taken upon
WEATHER-LORE. Selim H. Peabody ....... 263
himself the task of presenting to his country-
THE HISTORY OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.
men and to ourselves the condition of Amer-
George P. Upton ·······265
ican politics and the instructive phases of
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ........... 266 American life. At the very outset the
Letters of Dorothy Osborne to Sir William Tem.
reader will be impressed with the author's
ple.-Matthews's Pen and Ink.-Besant's Eulogy
of Richard Jefferies.-Clason's Seven Conven.
fairness, his modesty in not assuming that he
tions. The Centennial of a Revolution, by a Rev. can play at will on a nation's stops, his evi-
olutionist.-Firth's Our Kin Across the Sea. dent desire to state just what he has seen and
Rogers's The Story of Ilolland.-Masson's The
heard, while giving full credit for assistance
Story of Mediæval France.-Gilmore's The Ad.
and suggestions. And as the work proceeds,
vance Guard of Western Civilization.-Dunn's
Indiana: A Redemption from Slavery.--King's
one is lost in admiration for the completeness
Ohio: First Fruits of the Ordinance of 1787. of the grasp and the breadth of information.
Ingram's Life of Elizabeth Barrett Browning. Comparisons are made with the English and
Walsh's Paradoxes of a Philistine.-Serviss's
French constitutions, with other federal states,
Astronomy with an Opera-Glass.-Sophic ller.
from Achaean and Lycian Leagues to modern
rick's The Earth in Past Ages.
Germany and Switzerland.
LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS ........ 271
Mr. Bryce's knowledge of American his-
TOPICS IN FEBRUARY PERIODICALS ..... 272
tory has shown him that the Constitution was
BOOKS OF THE MONTIL ...........
a growth,—not simply an emanation from the
minds of the Fathers at Philadelphia, not the
MR. BRYCE ON AMERICA.*
result of a few weeks of discussion, not a fabric
reared on a priori principles aided by the
Mr. Bryce's long-expected and eagerly.
teachings of Montesquieu and Blackstone.
awaited work on “The American Common-
He might well, however, have brought out
wealth” is found to contain not only law and more clearly this great fact, all-important for
politics, but sociology and economy,—to run the full appreciation of our political and in-
the gamut of investigation of the affairs and dustrial development since 1789. The hundred
interests of this country as they appear to an years that precede the Declaration of Inde-
intelligent Englishman who has come, not to pendence are passed over as almost barren, by
read a nation's life-secrets as he runs, but to
the reader who looks only for wars and rumors
study patiently and interpret sympathetically. of wars. But the part taken by the colonists
The reader may miss the glittering maxims in the contests affecting the European balance
of De Tocqueville or the profound political
is interesting chiefly as a phase in the growth
philosophy amid the ponderous German parti of self-government on this continent. The
sanship of Von Holst. But Mr. Bryce has
annals that best tell the tale of America's
given what has not been given before. The position are those that recount the constant
Frenchman came to study, one may say,
quarrel and counter-quarrel between governor
abstract Democracy, that he might bear its
and assembly, the never-flinching obstinacy of
lessons back to France. The German has the assemblies when they esteem their priv-
woven our history into an admirable thesis, ileges infringed, their continual assertion of
and has written a work on constitutional law
their right to regulate this or that department
that instructs while it entertains. But in both of domestic interest. Such history is far from
works, especially the former, there is an evi barren to him who would see in history the
dent failure to comprehend the feelings and development of civil and political liberty.
The list of disheartened governors, of weary
* THE AMERICAN COMMONWEALTH. By James Bryce,
author of " The Holy Roman Empire." In two volumes. and disappointed proprietors, gives us the
Vol. I., The National Government- The State Govern. story of the steady growth of constitutional-
ments-The Party System; Vol. II., The Party System
ism in the American colonies, and when inde-
Public Opinion-Illustrations and Reflections-Social In.
pendence was announced, the states felt but a
stitutions. New York: Macmillan & Co.


256
THE DIAL
[Feb.,
-
-
-
---- -
slight shock disturbing their home affairs. tion of our country as the safety-valve of
State constitutions were quickly and quietly the Constitution. Mr. Van Buren relates, in
assumed, courts distributed justice, officers his “Political Parties," on the authority of
executed the laws and citizens obeyed them. | Rufus King, that when Gouverneur Morris was
Who would realize that a great revolution congratulated on the outcome of the Phila-
was in progress that was splitting asunder the delphia convention, he replied that the value
great Anglo-Saxon race? The war was sim of the Constitution depended on the construc-
ply the catastrophe in the final scene of the tion given it. And so to the shoulders of
drama of the Revolution. And as the years Morris is transferred the incubus of orig.
that had gone had so given form and sub inating that malicious and poisonous doctrine
stance to state constitutions that the trans of implied powers. John Marshall may have
formation has scarcely excited our wonder or put fully into execution the plot murdering
attracted our attention, the student of history | the sleeping security of republicanism, but
taking this truly marvellous condition of Hamilton must play Lady Macbeth, while
things as something quite to be expected, so Morris alone takes the role of the wicked and
these years in turn gave shape to a national suggesting witches. Our point of view has
constitution and directed the formation of a greatly changed. It seems scarcely credible
national state. The Fathers verily builded bet. that anything like a reasonable interpretation
ter than they knew, because they could not was once considered a grievous fault, griev-
know all the future or appreciate all the past. ously to be wrought for, and that sensible
But using the material of the past, they built | Federalist construction could be described as
for the future. They worked as experience “mousing over the words of the Constitution
taught, using the material that the tide of for equivocal expressions, containing a mean-
history deposited at their feet. The result ing intelligible only to the initiated, and by
was a constitution that had scope to contain such methods preparing to spring a trap upon
the future. When we consider that history the people.”
was the director, it seems scarcely fanciful to It is gratifying to see that Mr. Bryce has
state that our Constitution is adapted to facil given full credit to the two Titans of our his-
itate the workings of the great natural laws tory. Marshall has of late received the praise
that are directing man, elevating him, chang he deserves. All agree in admiring his judi-
ing him even now from a governed to a self cial mind, his integrity, and in acknowledging
governing animal.
the vast almost incalculable influence of his
As the author sees that our Constitution can judgment in determining the definite form
not be said literally to have been struck off in | taken by our government. But it is well said
a given time by the hand of man, that it is a that Hamilton's splendid gifts have never
natural outgrowth and not an artificial pro been recognized by his countrymen, either in
duct, so he recognizes that it is capable of his lifetime or since. One may add that they
growth and development now; that it has ex- have never fully recognized the far-reaching
panded to fit the needs of a mighty people, effect of his wise statesmanship and the im-
and is capable of still further shaping itself to press he has left on our history. An admirer
the body it protects.
of Hamilton finds it hard to forgive an error
" The Constitution of the United States is so con-
in giving the date of his death. His life was
cise and so general in its terms, that even had Amer-
all too short. This is one of Mr. Bryce's very
ica been as slowly moving a country as China many few mistakes. But the fault is more than
questions must have arisen on the interpretation of expiated by the beautiful sentences that fol.
the fundamental law which would have modified
low, summing up in a few words the character
its aspect. But America has been the most swiftly
known well to only too few of his indebted'
expanding of all countries. Hence the questions
countrymen.
that have presented themselves have often related
to matters which the framers of the Constitution
“Equally apt for war and for civil government,
could not have contemplated. Wiser than Justi-
with a profundity and amplitude of view rare in
nian before them or Napoleon after them, they
practical soldiers or statesmen, he stands in the
foresaw that their work would need to be eluci-
front rank of a generation never surpassed in his-
dated by judicial commentary. But they were far
tory--a generation which includes Burke and Fox
from conjecturing the enormous strain to which
and Pitt and Grattan, Stein and Hardenberg and
some of their expressions would be subjected in the
William Von Humboldt, Wellington and Napoleon.
effort to apply them to new facts.”
Tallyrand, who seems to have felt for him some-
thing as near affection as that cold heart could feel,
Happily, the Constitution defines, but does said, after knowing all the famous men of the time,
not attempt to enumerate; and a judicious that only Fox and Napoleon were Hamilton's equals,
interpretation gives opportunity for the devel and that he had divined Europe having never
opment that is needed. Burke has well sug seen it."
gested that Procrustes ought to be the hero The place of the Supreme Court in our
of no wise constitution-maker. The doctrine system is difficult for foreigners to understand.
of implied powers was, of course, the salva. | They either assume, as the necessity for a


1889.)
THE DIAL
257
-- - - -
-- - - - - - -
------ --- -
-
rigid constitution, a rigid arbiter as well, used to the fact, that the average American
whose final decision may be sought to annul citizen should shout himself hoarse in partisan
a law on the ground of repugnance to the | enthusiasm, when there is no party govern-
Constitution; or they fail to realize that a ment except in distribution of the offices,
court whose duty it is to construe the laws no undivided responsibility for great public
has not the authority to enforce its decrees, , measures, no party to initiate, complete, and
its functions being judicial merely; or they do execute. The Boss has not appealed to Mr.
not grasp what seems a complicated system in Bryce's admiration; but his schemes and his
which public and private affairs are inextrica | machinations have been studied with the inter-
bly intermingled. It is amusing to see how ist of a naturalist examining with scientific
Dr. Von Holst loses himself in his sinuous care the manquvres of a specimen new to his
attempts to prove that, inasmuch as the collection. The nominating convention--that
Supreme Court had declared the chartering of vast pandemonium, the race-track for “dark
a national bank within the competency of horses” and “favorite sons,"—has, we fear,
Congress, President Jackson was precluded appeared to our political critic on its humor-
by the decision from vetoing a measure for ous side. The gleeful anticipation, the enthu-
the recharter when it came before him de novo siastic realization, the anxious watching of
for his signature. But Mr. Bryce seems to bulletin and paper, the happy resignation over
have solved the problem. The English reader the last stampede, are pleasurable sensations
certainly ought to be expected to understand in the life of a politics-loving people. But
the case after his presentation of it. The withal it is agreeable to find that the corrup-
Supreme Court, or any other court, decides tion of officeholder and politician has not
the point of law involved in the case at bar. | exhibited itself in such woful size as many
If a measure of Congress is involved, it may would insist it possesses. Those who wrap
be decided to be unconstitutional. But such | their sacred cloaks about them lest they be
decision does not make the law unconsti contaminated by the politician's touch, and,
tutional, or strike it from the statute book. doing nothing to better matters, spend their
The court, at its very next session, may decide time in singing a jeremiad over the degra-
that it was mistaken before, and that the dation of politics, have found no sympathy
measure was constitutional after all. This with Mr. Bryce. He believes that there is
may be called a defect in our system, a danger honesty even in Congress, and that the ma-
to good order and stability of government. | jority of men in public life have the best inter-
But there is no need of dreaming of possible ests of their country and their constituents at
calamities from a system that has worked heart.
with almost absolute perfection. It seems The chapters on Municipal Government
lamentable that Jackson could say, “John will be found only second in value to the
Marshall has pronounced his judgment; let admirable essays on State Constitutions and
him enforce it if he can.” The variance in the development of democratic thought exhib-
the Legal-tender decisions has appeared to ited in them. Readers who are interested in
some as the stultification of justice. Mr. education will find the school system discussed,
Bryce well says that the Supreme Court itself and the universities treated to an accurate
feels the touch of public opinion. “Opinion examination. “The Churches and the Clergy,”
is stronger in America than anywhere else in “The Position of Women,” “American Ora.
the world, and the judges are only men.” tory” are examples of the subjects treated in
Yet he concludes that in spite of all this, the the last volume, which will be found perhaps
court is respected and its judgments revered the most entertaining to anyone not especially
Perhaps even Mr. Bryce, who has studied so interested in constitutional law or politics.
carefully and sounded popular feeling so well, It is such a graceless task to point out
has not accurately measured the height of the errors in a really magnificent work, that the
respect or the depth of the reverence.
native hue of the critic's resolution becomes
The contents of these volumes are but faintly sicklied o'er with admiration, and he is con-
shadowed forth in the foregoing remarks, tent with hinting that the volumes contain
that have been suggested by an examination inaccuracies, not errors. It does seem, how-
of their earlier pages. One feels like reciting ever, as though it were nearer an error than an
the names of the different chapters, and then inaccuracy to say that all the States, save
saying to an enquirer, “If you desire to see Louisiana, have taken the English common and
these subjects discussed, ably, calmly, judi statute law of 1776 as their point of depart-
ciously, read the book.” Especially interest- | ure. But the American people can well be
ing, however, to the general reader, will be grateful for a criticism with so few errors-a
found the chapters on the Party System and criticism so able, so just, so sympathetic, that
the manipulation of party machinery. It , it challenges admiration at every turn.
strikes us as incongruous, though we may be
A. C. MCLAUGHLIN,


258
[Feb.,
THE DIAL
REAL HISTORY OF THE PEOPLE.* points at an advantage in comparison with
On the industrial side of the record—and
our greatest history-writers. Prof. Freeman
that, as the author shows, includes much that
is the authority on the history of the Norman
is usually viewed as religious and political,
Conquest, but Prof. Rogers points out that
Prof. Thorold Rogers is the first of English
though Freeman has collected every scrap of
historians. He has given the best years of
history in the common sense of the word, he
his life, as he tells us in the preface of his
has made little use of Domesday Book, which
new book, “The Economic Interpretation of
contains far more living material than all his
History," to the study of social or economical
other authorities. He speaks with great
aspects, which historians so strangely neglect;
respect of Hallam, as an “excellent, laborious,
and he has succeeded in tracing the causes of
and conscientious writer," but he adds that
great political events and great social move-
Hallam took all his information from printed
ments to springs which lie too deep for the
books, and those, too, books written, with one
rapid glance of the ordinary historian, too
exception, by men who had drawn nothing
often writing with the strange hope, avowed
from original documents. Rogers detects
by the late J. R. Green, of making history as
that Macaulay had access to only an imper-
“interesting as a French novel.” It is one of
fect copy of Houghton's Collections,—that in
the vices bred of the making of books, that
the British Museum ; and that he could never
the writers acquire a false respect for the
have seen the perfect Bodleian copy, which
books that have been written, and think, as
would have been of great value to him. His-
historians have always been prone to do, that
torians of “the philosophic school," Rogers
they have made new literature by making a
looks upon with unconcealed disgust or dis-
new statement of the old. But Prof. Rogers
dain. The great ones, he declares, can hardly
has hunted for the facts of the life of the
escape the imputation of partisanship ; the
people of England where the people of Eng.
meaner masters of the craft almost invariably
land themselves left them on record: in deeds,
fall into transparent paradox and grotesque
manor rolls, accounts of stewards and bailiffs,
exaggeration. He discharges vials — whole
assessment rolls, proceedings of courts, old
vats, rather-of wrath upon Mr. Froude-
manuscripts, personal and official, preserved
“the type of the philosophic historian”—for
in family or public libraries, price lists, old
his eulogy of Henry VIII. Froude thinks
periodicals, pipe rolls, obsolete statutes, Par-
Henry “the Patriot King"; but Rogers
liament rolls, and the like-and unlike. With
declares—and adduces the evidence to prove
it-that there never was a sovereign so out-
prodigious industry and quite as keen an eye
to the salient and picturesque as that of the
rageously and wantonly extravagant, and
historian who aims to write à la feuilleton,
sums him up, in short, as “rapacious, lying,
Prof. Rogers has ransacked a prodigious mass
extravagant, reckless, and dishonest." Rog.
of this material, so unattractive to the merely
ers's own theory of history is tersely put in
literary eye, so rich to the lover of truth,
his remark that any fact is infinitely more
especially new truth. His researches fill in a
important than any use that can be made of it
chapter in the life of the English people,
| by one writer.
which other historians have taken for granted
“The Economic Interpretation of History"
was forever to be a void. Wbile Hallam and
is not so much a new book as another volume
others have lamented that we could not recall
of the book which the author has been writing
the life of even a single mediæval village,
ever since he began to report to the public,
Rogers has been opening the mounds of manu-
in the “History of Agriculture and Prices,"
script in which this mediæval life had left its
the results of his unique and invaluable inves-
remains. He has found materials in abun-
tigations. In his new volume, as in “Six
dance for the reconstruction of the lost annals
Centuries of Work and Wages,” he confines
of the people. “The student of these docu-
himself to England and English life,—which,
ments," he says, “must have a dull imagina-
owing to the central importance of England,
tion indeed if he cannot picture to himself the
really gives him some of the most character-
life of an Englishman in the days of the Plan-
istic movements of modern life as his subjects,
all treated, not by the barren word-baiting of
tagenets, from his cradle to his grave.”
Prof. Rogers's method gives him a masterful-
the ordinary political economy- for which
ness in his field which shows him at many
Mr. Rogers, though Professor of Political
Economy at Oxford, tells us again and again
* THE ECONOMIC INTERPRETATION OF HISTORY. (Lec. he has the heartiest contempt,-but as real
tures Delivered in Worcester College Hall, Oxford,
stories from the lives of the people and actual
1887-8.) By James E. Thorold Rogers, Professor of Polit.
aspects of their welfare or misery, good or ill
nomic Science and Statistics, King's College, London; fortune. Prof. Rogers lays about him among
Author of “Six Centuries of Work and Wages," " A His.
the political economists with the zeal of one
tory of Agriculture and Prices in England," etc. New
York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
of Robin Hood's men cracking pates with his
ical Economy in the University of Oxford, and of Eco.


1889.]
259
THE DIAL
quarter-staff. These economists defend them- | cover whether persistent wrong-doing by the
selves for having no heart, on the ground that “classes” has not been the dominant cause of
they are all head; but they have no heads left these ills of the “masses.” The famous “rent
when our author is done with them. No one theory” of Ricardo is “partly a truism, partly
whose scientific and conscientific susceptibili. a fallacy.” On money and banking, Ricardo's
ties have been outraged by the false and cruel authority is the highest ; but his theory of
teachings of this sect of the Pharisees, can rent is "exceedingly incorrect, and transcend-
fail of the profoundest satisfaction at the ently mischievous.” Perhaps the most remark-
thumping blows which Prof. Rogers delivers able Nemesis, says our author, which has come
upon their supposititious craniums. He says, upon the speculative economist is that the
wittily, that these political economists have definition of population by Malthus and the
thoroughly carried out in their own persons definition of rent by Ricardo have been made
the special economical principle which they the keystone to Mr. Henry George's theory,
declare to be at the bottom of all industrial in which he demands the confiscation of rent
progress—that of obtaining at the least possi in the interests of population. He says:
ble cost of labor the largest possible result. “I repudiate Ricardo's theory, and dissent from
They therefore rarely verify their conclusions | Mr. George's conclusions. .. The inference
by the evidence of facts. The result is that I draw from the facts of the case (of rent], and in
“their conclusions have been rejected by which I give the historical events which have de-
workmen, and flouted by statesmen," of whom
veloped it, is that it would not only be a blunder
Mr. Gladstone, amid universal expressions of
and an injustice, but an amazing folly, to accept
Mr. George's conclusions."
satisfaction, pronounced a sentence banish-
ing the economists to Saturn. Prof. Rogers Among other questions, burning now, that
repeatedly quotes this decree of exile, but for did not burn in the days of the Plantagenets,
some reason forbears to give the credit for it is that of the failure of the churches to
to his great party leader. Mill, the idol of “draw.” They drew then, because they had
bourgeois Britain, is referred to as the econo-
not drawn themselves away from the real
mist who on one page insists on the intrinsic
everyday life of the people into a false posi-
wisdom of free competition, while on another tion of irreligious one-day-in-the-week-ness.
he accords the privilege of protection to Says Prof. Rogers:
young and rising communities. Mill commit “In all cases, the church was the common hall
ted himself to the wage-fund theory and the 1 of the parish, and a fortress in time of danger, oc-
law of diminishing returns, which Rogers dis- cupying the site of the stockade which had been
misses as paradox. The “unearned increment,"
built when the first settlers occupied the ground.
. . . Here, too, I believe the common feasts of
Mill's famous principle, he believes to be no
the parish were held, till such time as the proceeds
better than a hypothesis, and not a very good from the local guild enabled the people to erect
one at that. If it ever existed, it is as much their own guild-houses."
vanished as the feudal system is. Mill's great
Again:
law that a demand for commodities was not a
“ The great churches of Norfolk were often
demand for labor was an error, as Mill himself
pointed to as a proof in an ill-informed age, that
had to admit in later life. Mill also accepted
population in medieval England must have been
the gloomy doctrines about the margin of cul far greater than was generally supposed. But in
tivation, the law of diminishing returns, the fact the church of the parish was, as far at least
exhaustion of the coal beds and of fertility, as the nave was concerned, the parish hall, where
the redundancy of population, which play so
meetings were held, and often where valuable pro-
great a part in the pseudo science of the Eng-
duce, such as wool and corn, was stored. The
idea that a church was a sacred place, in which
lish economists. But, as Prof. Rogers points
after Divine service was over no business was to be
out, no one has ever discovered the margin of
transacted, is not older than the movement which
cultivation, has ever seen the law of diminish Laud instigated. In Oxford, St. Mary's church
ing returns in operation, or has witnessed the was, till the time of that prelate, the convocation
exhaustion of fertility; and in one place house of the University, in which academical meet-
though not this time referring to Mill-he ings were held, decrees conferred, lectures given,
exclaims, with irritation, that men will chat disputations carried on, and, indeed, all the secu-
ter about the margin of cultivation who do
lar business of the university transacted."
not know a field of wheat from a field of bar As to Chivalry, he says:
ley, of the exhaustion of coal deposits when "Chivalry I fear--and I have read the private
they do not know their extent, and will rate accounts of the chevaliers--was the most preten.
workmen for their improvidence, their incon tious of shams."
tinence in foolishly increasing their numbers,
A very acute point is made about Galton:
without making, in any of the numerous
“Occupations are more hereditary than people
works which they as political economists have
| imagine; and I suspect Mr. Galton in dealing with
written, any attempt to trace the historical hereditary genius has confounded hereditary occu-
causes of this painful spectacle, or to dis- ! pation with it, for I should think that the son of a


260
[Feb.,
THE DIAL
judge, or the son of a bishop, has more chance of ingman was handed over to the mercy of his
becoming eminent in the law or the church and
employer at a time when he was utterly incap-
Mr. Galton seems to think that success is genius)
able of resisting the grossest tyranny. We
than the son of another man who had neither influ-
are shown how the economical history of the
ence nor patronage."
poor, as the centuries pass on, is marked by
One of the might-not-have-beens of literature
the gradual deprivation of property rights they
is that
had in land, commons, game, eight-hour laws,
"the publication of Adam Smith's Wealth of etc. For these divested rights no compensation
Nations,' as I have recently discovered, was delayed was given except the concession of famine
by some negotiations by Pulteney with the East wages. Wages were fixed by the magistrates.
India Directors to get Adam Smith an office in the The law gave them the power, and denied
Bengal Council. They failed, and to their fail-
the right of appeal. Their object was to get
ure we owe the publication of "The Wealth of
labor at starvation wages; and they did their
Nations,' which would never have seen the light
had he obtained the appointment."
work. In the middle ages the artisans,
through their guilds, bought lands and houses
A significant opinion is expressed in comment-
all over England, to insure themselves against
ing on the state of labor reform after the
poverty, failure of health, old age. The gov-
abolition in 1825 of the labor laws.
ernment of Henry VIII. robbed them of this
" Thenceforward, the whole subject was remitted property; "and people wonder,” says Rogers,
to the common law, and to the dangerous interpre * that the workmen became improvident!”
tations which judges have given of what they
The same kind of pauperization by law was
are pleased to call constructive conspiracy'-the
executed upon the farmer as upon the laborer,
most elastic instrument of tyranny which can be
as shown above. The ruling classes in one
devised.”
case wanted high rents; in the other, low
By the investigations recorded here a strange / wages; and they got them. No one, accord-
discrepancy is revealed between the truth of ing to Prof. Rogers, who knows anything
history and the theories of those schools, | about early economical history can doubt that
economic and other, which teach that poverty rent was originally and for centuries a tax
is one of the from-everlasting-to-everlasting imposed by the strong on the weak, in consid-
complexions of certain unfortunate classes of eration of a real or pretended protection of
the human brotherhood.
the tenant. He shows how this rent slid into
“The essence of life in England during the days competition rents, and these into “famine
of the Plantagenets and Tudors was that everyone rents," under which the landlord takes all but
knew his neighbor, and that everyone was his a bare subsistence, and under which the
brother's keeper. My studies lead me to conclude author declares the farmer has been all but
that though there was hardship in this life, the
exterminated. It is easy to guess how deep
hardship was a common lot, and that there was
and wide the enquiries have been which are
hope, more hope than superficial historians have
conceived possible, and perhaps more variety than
condensed in the statement that “arable rents
there is in the peasant's lot in our time.. I
have risen in the course of the last 275 years
believe that under ordinary circumstances the in many cases 80 times, while the price of
means of life were more abundant during the wheat has risen 8 times.”
middle ages than they are under our modern expe With such facts as these-whole chapters
rience. There was, I am convinced, no extreme of them—at his command, what wonder that
poverty."
a warning tone almost as stern as that of the
How different are the truths of history, Hebrew prophets runs all through these
as declared by this eminent investigator, pages ? Nothing probably can reach the ears
who knows more of the past life of the En or hearts of the unfortunate railroad kings,
glish people than any other living man merchant princes, and organizers of Trusts,
more, probably, than any other man has ever and their still more unfortunate satellites who
known,- how different are they from the are leading in America a madder race for
doctrines of despair declaimed from inspired | mere wealth than was ever seen except in
arm-chairs !
rotten Rome. But no less interested reader
Least need be said about that which is the can fail to be struck by the solemn identity
most important part of Prof. Rogers's re of the alarm sounded by Prof. Rogers, and by
searches—that concerning the poverty of the Ruskin, Carlyle, Mazzini, Emerson. Prof.
farmers and workingmen—the people--and its Rogers comes, through the carefullest study
causes. An increasingly large number of per- | ever made of the facts of modern life-for
sons, he says, “are under the impression that | English life is the heart of modern life,-to
the greater part of the misery they see is the the same eloquent revolt against social in-
direct product of laws enacted and maintained justice that the seers and prophets have been
in the interest of particular classes. And, on sounding from their watch-towers these many
the whole, they are right.” By the famous | years.
Statute of Labours (5 Eliz., cap. 4), the work. I
HENRY D. LLOYD.


1889.)
261
THE DIAL
A HISTORY OF FRENCH PAINTING.* the magnificent Museum of the Louvre. At
The design of Mrs. Stranahan, in her “His-
his invitation Leonardo da Vinci visited
tory of French Painting,”—which is, briefly,
France, where he produced some noble work.
to give adequate and accurate information on
The School at Fontainebleau was composed
French Painting to students beginning their
entirely of foreign artists. It is true, how-
art course,-has been honestly and thoroughly
ever, that in the general revivification of ideas
accomplished. The author is right in her
in this stirring period, native art gradually
opinion that the elements of the subject are
gained a firm foothold in France.
chiefly wanted; and these she has presented
The great artistic event of the seventeenth
with a fulness and discrimination which de-
century was the founding of the Academy of
serve unhesitating praise.
Painting and Sculpture in 1648. The royal
I cannot better
indicate the general features of her valuable
collection of Francis had dwindled, from
various causes, to one hundred pictures; Louis
volume than to quote her own language in
regard to it:
XIV. increased it during his reign to 2,403.
A passion for art was strongly stimulated dur-
6. The work gives elementary facts concerning
foundations and regulations by the government;
ing this period, and many fine galleries were
the effects of its decrees; its direction, suppression,
formed by persons of wealth and distinction.
encouragement; the establishment, growth, and
All departments of art, however, were affected
varying attitude towards art, of the Academy of by the conventional grandeur of the times.
Painting and the elements of its powers; the sig. The conspicuous artists of this century were
nificance of the various classes of medals, honors, Vouet, Nicholas Poussin, Claude Lorrain, and
and prizes ;-a knowledge which students often
the historical painters Lebrun, Lesueur, Bour-
grope after in vain, and finish by continuing to
read of, but with vague notions of their character
don, Mignard, Dufresnoy, and Rigaud. The
and importance."
author's account of the Academy, its rules,
government, management, principal members,
That Mrs. Stranahan has justified her pur-
and the influences and changes that marked its
pose in this much-needed performance, has
history, is replete with interest and instruction.
already been suggested. She has investigated
The eighteenth century was an era of the
with scrupulous minuteness the whole field of
emancipation of art from conventional execu-
French Painting, has noted the variations and
tion, and its characteristic traits date from
characteristics of the art of four centuries, and
1715. Its art impressively represents the
has presented such a classification and exposi-
social and political changes and conspicuous
tion of well-mastered material as render the
features of the times. Idealized sensuality was
large subject under survey very attractive and
now the representative art; and three years
instructive. Her authorities, which embrace
after the death of Louis XV. this reached its
more than two hundred titles, including the
utmost limit of discreditable license, and a
names of the most eminent critics and authen-
wholesome reaction set in. Picture galleries
tic historical data,-have enabled her to reach
continued to increase, great additions were
principles and trace influences which are of
made to the royal collections, simple realistic
great value to those who desire clear views
genre was gaining recognition, and in 1775
and adequate facts for their own independent
the Salons began their splendid career-the
conclusions.
first called the Salon Carré. The chapter cov.
Following the accomplished author, we have
ering this century relates the various modifi-
at first a view of the artistic tendencies of the
cations of art organizations through the altered
French people and of the situation at the close
conditions of society and the government, the
of the fifteenth century. In the sixteenth
new management of the Academy, the estab-
century the government initiated a decided
lishment of a jury for the admission of pic-
interest in the promotion of art, which, with
tures, the practice of modern criticism, the
different phases of support and patronage,
institution of medals, the opening of a Na-
never ceased to exist. Italian influence had
tional Museum free to all visitors, the placing
now reached its height, and, for the first time,
of the Prix de Rome on a firmer and more
native talent began vigorously to exert itself,
satisfactory basis, and the tendencies which
though still colored and controlled greatly by
so greatly shaped the art of the following
the art of Italy. During the reign of Francis
period. Among the most eminent artists
I., who was a liberal patron of art, the School
whose works are described are Watteau, Bou-
of Fontainebleau was established, and this
cher, Chardin, Greuze, and Vien.
splendor-loving monarch formed the nucleus
Much the larger part of Mrs. Stranahan's
of a national gallery which became eventually
volume-356 out of 480 pages—is devoted to
French Painting of the nineteenth century,
*A HISTORY OF FRENCH PAINTING, from its earliest
to its latest Practice. Including an Account of the
which is considered under three periods:—the
French Academy of Painting, its Salons, Schools of In. first, the Period of Classicism, extending to
struction, and Regulations. By C. H. Stranahan. With
1824; the second, that of Romanticism, from
Reproductions of Sixteen representative Paintings. New
York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Tits definite recognition in 1824 to the revolt of


262
[Feb.,
THE DIAL
artists in 1848; the third period, that of Indi | to the art production of the period. Lists of
viduality—the results of Romanticism-from all the artists of distinction and their works
the Salon of 1848 to the present. Of course, and honors are inserted in their proper places,
the author does not pretend that this classifica and thus one can easily trace any picture of
tion can be strictly maintained, as the respect importance to its present owner or locality.
ive schools of art naturally tend to modify What strikes anyone at all familiar with the
one another. In this survey the nature and subject is the discrimination shown in the
sources of Classicism, of which David was the | allotment of space according to the value of
most conspicuous example, are described; the the theme. An exception to this must be
influences on art of the administration of made in the case of Doré, the illustrator, who
Napoleon I., Louis XVIII., and Charles X. receives far more attention than is due to his
are noted; the naturalism of Carl and Horace achievements as a representative of French
Vernet, the new development by Géricault, and painting. Mrs. Stranahan has, of course,
landscape under Classicism, and the transi. availed herself of the best contemporary criti-
tion to Romanticism, are clearly traced. The cism, but the manner in which she has com-
second period, that of Romanticism, embraces pressed her knowledge and the scientific
an account of the art productions, institu method of her treatment are admirable.
tions, and collections under Louis Philippe, It is only just that some specimens of the
and a classification of the Romantic and the author's composition should appear in a fair
Naturalistic Schools—the latter being subdi- | review of her volume; and, therefore, a few
vided into the Oriental, of which Descamps examples are presented — as many as space
was leader; Landscape, represented by Paul allows—beginning with Claude.
Huet, who had freed landscape art from an "Claude sought the conventional elegance of the
academic severity and of which Corot and | classic landscape, and refined upon his studies of
Rousseau were illustrious examples; and Land nature until his works sometimes in no wise resem-
scape with Animals, represented by Troyon
ble the natural reality, as Goethe noted in his
and other eminent names. The third period,
eulogy of them. Like Poussin, he had, indeed, the
that of Individuality, dates from the Salon of
feeling caught from Poussin's advice that the dig-
nity of classic structure was necessary to his scene.
1848. Here the author portrays the rich re-
At the same time study led him, more profoundly
sults of Romanticism and whatever favoring
than any other master, to penetrate the secrets of
influences promoted charming art under Na- nature. His three great charms are: The unlimited
poleon III. Here, again, with admirable space expressed in his pictures, effected by the use
judgment she delineates the leading artists and of soft vapor to define separate distances and
their respective fields of work and accomplish-
equalled, perhaps, only by Corot; the effects of air
ments under the Empire and the Republic,
shown in veiling and subduing outlines and tints,
as well as in causing the foliage to quiver, light
with a learned pen. First come the semi-
clouds to sweep across the sky, and water to ripple;
classic or historic artists, represented by Flan-
and the brilliant effects of light on a charming
drin; next, Landscape with Animals, of which coloring. But, as far as the eye may wander away
Rosa Bonheur is the characteristic painter; into space in Claude's pictures, it is always able to
then follow in their order the Orientalists, to retrace its wanderings to a definite and beautiful
which group belong Fromentin, Gerome, Reg. foreground where all is repose and serenity,
nault, and other favorite artists; the Neo-
crowned with some one of the varied mysteries of
Grecs, like Hamon and Picou; the Genre
light, the ethereal drapery of aerial perspective, or
the more tangible though still dreamy mist of sun-
(historic) painters led by Meissonier; Rustic
rise or sunset. He painted nature's worship."
genre, or Landscape with Figures, brilliant
Of Watteau, she says:
with the genius of Millet, Brian, Courbet,
“Watteau was the leading painter of the holiday
and Jules Breton; Sympathetic genre, illus.
merriment and full-dress flirtation of the age; the
trated by Edouard; Painters of Figures in
caprices and costumes of its society-scenes were his
elevated style distinguished by such names as
subject, love his theme, and he the lover's poet. ...
Cabanel, Bouguereau, Henner, and Bonnet; He had a grace wholly his own: it was not that of
Military Painters, like Detaille and de Neu the antique, plastic and material; it was the airy
ville; Landscape and Marine, Harpignies and nothing which gives to woman her coquetry and
Gabriel Isabey; Still-life, Desgoffe; and the attraction, a charm far above that of physical
School of the Impressionists, of which Bas-
beauty. . . . His excellence consists in a deli-
tien-Lepage is the acknowledged master.
cate, light, fresh, flowing touch; sprightly imagi-
nation; a charm of color acquired from Rubens; a
The author has not failed to note, in these
perception and clear expression of shades of char-
chapters on the nineteenth century, the influ-
acter evincing knowledge of the precise truth of
ences that contributed to modify and direct each gesture; a wide and varied range, to which he
the modern art of France, the origin of the added the charm of elegance and grace learned
characteristic schools, the wonderful changes from everyday French life.”
in the popularity of individual artists, the Here is a taste of her delineation of Corot:
various canons of criticism in vogue, the “His sketchiness of treatment arose from knowl-
facilities of art instruction, and the stimulants | edge rather than from ignorance, the comprehensive


1889.)
263
THE DIAL
knowledge that, chosing from all, gives the best,
WEATHER LORE.*
that from the mass, selects the significant. . . .
In his treatment, that of so controlling the repre-
General Greely's treatise on “American
sentation of a scene as to convey its impression, he Weather” contains a large amount of well
forms, with Claude Lorrain and Theodore Rous arranged and condensed information upon a
seau, the triumvirate head of landscape painting in subject which is upon every tongue. But no
France. . . . In painting what he saw, he
one should mistake the import of the book; it
reproduced a portion of the landscape that comes
within the scope of vision, focussed the escape of
is only historic, not prophetic. The author
the view, so to speak, its passing away into the
tells what he knows; he does not explain to
horizon, and painted this with a precision that
his readers how they may vaticinate, except in
leads the eye through this path away to where the a very humble and moderate way.
earth and heaven meet. All else he sacrifices, The first third of the book is occupied with
leaves all outside of this, indefinite; the blades of accounts of the varied forms of apparatus used
grass confused, the foliage, the outline of the trees in observing the phenomena of the atmos-
even undefined. This, it will be seen, is the per-
phere. They indicate variations in pressure,
petuating the one view that the act of looking at a
landscape gives. But besides, he expresses what
temperature, radiation, humidity, evaporation,
he feels in viewing it. Atmosphere is the essential
precipitation, and the force and direction of
factor in his composition. It serves to mould, the winds. All these instruments are most skil-
illumine, modify all the features of the scene. fully made and are tested to the utmost degree
..He surpasses all others in the ability to | of accuracy. A thermometer is no longer
indicate the presence of water without making it
merely a grumbler's joy,-it is responsive to
seen; throughout, subtleties of tone rather than
the subtlest influences of changing tempera-
realities of form and color, characterize his works."
tures, and may be made to record its experi-
This is a bit about Millet:
ences of the silent hours of the night, or of
“These words, “This is true humanity and the profoundest depths of the sea. The evo-
great poetry,' furnish the interpretation of Millet's
lution of all meteorological instruments tends
truer work. But this spiritual motive he clothed
to the self-recording condition, and some have
in a superb technique; he gave it appropriate color,
rich even while subdued; he drew his figures with
been contrived to put down their own obser-
a masterly, authoritative stroke; with full knowl-
vations in the most satisfactory manner. Such
edge of perspective, he placed them in a landscape,
are those for recording heat and cold, air
of which they became a part, and surrounded them pressure, and the velocity of the wind.
with an atmosphere that could be breathed. And For about fifty years meteorological obser-
besides painting the air, reproducing the light,
vations have been taken in America with some
and ‘seeing the invisible,' he caught expression in
degree of system, first by private observers,
its greatest power; permeated with the sentiment of
who were at one time subsidiary to the Smith-
nature, he united nature and humanity in perhaps
closer combination than has ever been witnessed
sonian Institution, and for many years by the
elsewhere. Thus in his 'Sower,' of the given ele.
officers of the Signal Service, of which Gen-
ments, a bare ploughed field and a simple peasant, eral Greely is now chief. The bulk of the
is made an effective poem, of which the charm, recorded material has become enormous. Some
though deeply felt, is difficult of analysis. In the of it is doubtless fragmentary; much is in-
rhythmic swing of arm and gait, Millet has ex exact; and much has never been collated and
pressed the consciousness, on the part of the sower,
discussed, and is not likely to be. It seems
of the service rendered; he has made the sky be-
hind this masterful figure, and the twilight air
a pity that so much earnestness and fidelity
around him. full of. besides all the beauty of their , and self-denial should be suffered to go to
truth, suggestions of the weariness of long contin-
waste. If anyone imagines that there is no
ued but still energetic labor."
self-denial in this matter, let him undertake
Such writing has at least the merit of to keep faithful records of a set of meteoro-
graphic and truthful characterization, and
logical instruments five or even three times
there are scores of passages as expressive.
daily, and presently discover his mistake.
Whatever may be said about the defects of
The regularly recurring moments of observa-
the author's style,-and it is to be regretted
tion will come to haunt him like a Nemesis.
that it is not generally more felicitous,—the
The discussion of such observations, when
sympathetic reader becomes so impressed with they have been derived from large areas of
her solid qualities that he does not mind, in the earth's surface-as from the North Ameri-
some instances, its lack of limpidity and grace. can continent, or even from the United States,
It has dignity, condensation, and vitality. The -serves two distinct purposes. The first pur-
volume is handsomely printed on thick paper pose is the recognition of the conditions ex-
and contains sixteen illustrations and a full isting in all parts of the broad areas from
index. We lay it down with the feeling that
this is honest and intelligent work, rightly con * AMERICAN WEATHER. A Popular Exposition of the
Phenomena of the Weather. Including chapters on Hot
ceived, sincerely executed, and certain to be
and Cold Waves, Blizzards, Hailstorms, and Tornadoes,
useful.
etc. By Gen, A, W. Greely, (hiet Signal officer, U.S.A.
Horatio N. Powers.
New York: Dodd, Mead & Co.


264
[Feb.,
THE DIAL
which reports are drawn, at, or shortly before,
a concepted time, including temperature, pres-
sure, humidity, precipitation of moisture, and
the force and direction of the winds. Science
and experience combine to indicate, with some
degree of probability, wbat will be the con-
ditions of the weather for a brief time to fol-
low. Whether we treat these forecasts with
respect or with contumely, whether we call
them predictions or guesses, the fact remains
that a very large percentage of those made
are proved true by the sequence of events.
That all should be confirmed is more than
could reasonably be expected. The slightest
reflection will show that local and minor causes
constantly modify, and occasionally overcome,
the broader and usually controlling influences.
But if only half of the danger signals dis-
played in our lake and seaboard ports are
found to be confirmed, even then all are worth
obeying. The property protected by this
means is worth many times the cost of the
entire system, while the saving of life is not
to be valued in coin of the republic. If the
agricultural communities could be as easily
advised, particularly as to the earlier and later
frosts,-or, rather, if when advised it were as
easy to take crops in out of the cold as it is to
keep shipping in port and out of the reach of
the storm,-interests of yet greater magni-
tude could be served. It does not appear how
the farmers of Minnesota could have saved
their wheat in the last summer, even if they
had known, say a week beforehand, that the
temperature was about to fall below the point
of frost.
The forecasting phase of practical meteor-
ology is General Greely's daily occupation.
Its results are in all the morning papers, and
should not be expected to appear in this
book.
The second purpose is that to which the
largest part of the volume is given. It con-
sists in working out the generalizations, and
expressing the conditions, by which in the
large way the climate of the United States
may be described. While the first part is
such as should be expected in any late treatise
on the appliances for meteorological work,
the second part, that on which the writer's
strength has been put, shows an immense
labor in selecting, classifying and condensing
the enormous mass of material at hand. Each
kind of phenomena, as indicated by the ba-
rometer, the thermometer, or the rain-gauge,
is discussed separately. Maps of the conti-
nent are often given, on which are drawn
curyes indicating the various conditions in
different regions and at different seasons.
The highest, the lowest, the average, the dis-
tribution, of rainfall, of cloudiness, of snow,
of wind, of thunder and lightning, of blizzards,
cyclones, etc., etc., are so given as to make
the work a thesaurus of this sort of infor-
mation.
As to accuracy and reliability, the layman
—which word applies to everybody outside
the Signal Office-must admit them with un-
questioning faith. The latter part of the
book is so filled with facts and figures, and
they are of such a character, that another
Greely, in command of another Signal Office,
would find it easier to write a new book than
to verify the statements of this. Yet because
of the multitude of facts their explanations are
somewhat obscured. The causes of weather
changes' are, indeed, varied and occult, and
cannot be condensed into a few paragraphs.
In a large way, subject to innumerable modi-
fications, they may be generalized.
Let us strike the sequences of phenomena at
the instant when the barometric pressure is
low over an area of considerable breadth, say
some hundreds of miles. The central part of
this area, where the pressure is lowest, is
surrounded by a belt where the pressure is
not so low; this by another of higher pressure,
and so following. This condition will be
shown by a series of curves about the central
area, each curve indicating the line of a given
pressure, called an isobar (equal pressure). If
these conditions exist, unmodified by any
other causes, over a level area, the isobars will
be a series of concentric circles. The mass of
air will be not unlike a basin hollowed out in
the centre, heaped at the sides. If the area is
small and the isobars are thickly placed, the
slope of the surface from centre outward will
be relatively steeper than if the area is large
and the isobars are remote from each other.
As the body of air does not rest on a level
surface the isobars are not simple and circular,
but are waved, conforming in some degree to
the variable contour of the mountains and
valleys. But all fluids, including air, tend to
equilibrium; and from all directions, toward
and into this area of low barometer, the air
moves, the winds blow. If the isobars are
near and the gradient steep, the motion of the
winds will be swift and the force great. But
the tendency of all winds in the northern
hemisphere is toward the left, - that is, oppo-
site to the motion of the hands of a watch;
and there is set up in the supposed region a
central-seeking and spiral movement of the
air. There is also a constant and general
movement of the air of the north temperate
zone towards the northeast, always observable
in the upper currents. It is the return current
from the hot central zone, modified by the rota-
tion of the earth. This current is joined by
the spirally blowing winds, and their combined
forces produce a strong and swift movement.
Now we have our large area of low press-
ure, perhaps hundreds of miles broad, moving
gradually or swiftly towards the east, and by


1889.)
265
THE DIAL
the configuration of the land surface usually frequently accompanied by the great depres-
drifted toward the northeast. This is a storm- sion of temperature, known as the cold wave?
area. Its generally progressive movement must We have shown that the area of high pressure
not be confounded with the movements of the should be free from cloud or mist. But the
winds within it, any more than the progress- clouds are nature's blankets for a freezing
ive motion of a carriage wheel should be con- | world. Through the clear and cloudless air
founded with the whirling motions of points radiation from the earth's surface goes out
on its spokes or felloes. As the air from with into the empty space, and the temperature of
out comes into this area of low pressure it the ground and of the air above it sinks
expands by reason of its internal forces; it is rapidly and severely. If the air has already
cooled by its expansion ; its capacity for a full supply of moisture, there may be a fail
moisture is diminished and precipitation occurs of rain or snow, in which case the tempera-
until the condition of equilibrium between ture rises. If the air has previously lost its
temperature and moisture is restored. The moisture while passing over mountain ranges
front of the storm-area, as it moves on its or through cyclonic areas, then no such relief
way, will usually be full of rain or snow. In comes, and cold, often intense and bitter,
the rear follows clearing weather. If the follows.
storm-area passes New England, the centre Such are the reasons for some of the more
being over the sea, the rainy winds will blow | notable phenomena of American weather.
from the northeast, and the clearing winds
SELIM H. PEABODY.
will back round into the west and north. If
the storm-area passes over the prairie states to
the north of a given place, the front of the
THE IIISTORY OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.*
storm will show at that point southerly and
rainy winds, and as the storm passes the The sumptuous quarto volume on “Musical
winds will haul into the northwest through Instruments and their Homes,” in the prepa-
the southwest and west. This is everyday ration of which printers, binders, and engrav-
experience. What follows?
ers seem to have united to produce as elegant
The winds which have blown from all quar a work as was possible, is at once a tribute of
ters, to equilibrate the area of low pressure, do loving domestic affection and a treatise of rare
not stop when equilibrium is reached, but con value to the musical student and connoisseur.
tinue until an area of high pressure is produced. Primarily, it is a catalogue of the musical in-
The wave becomes not one of depression, but struments at the country home of Mr. John
one of elevation. The air is condensed; the tem Crosby Brown, at Orange, N. J. The work was
perature rises because less heat is occupied in commenced by Mrs. Mary E. Brown, and fin-
the work of expansion. The air has therefore ished by her son, Mr. William Adams Brown,
a larger capacity for taking moisture into who also made the pen-and-ink sketches and
itself without showing its presence in cloud, 1 charming initial designs. The dedication reads:
mist, or precipitation. We have clear and fine i “To the one who has not only given the true
weather. As this movement of the air did not keynote to our home, but whose firm yet gentle
cease when the area of low pressure was satis. | touch has resolved all its transient discords into
fied, but continued until an area of high press-
| harmony, this book is affectionately dedicated by
ure was established, so it developes behind it
| his wife and eldest son."
another area of low pressure, and the whole | It hardly needed this dedication to impress
series of phenomena is repeated. Other
the reader that this magnificent volume was
causes, perhaps of slight value, will determine
truly a labor of love. It bears the impress, on
the new place of beginning. The storm-area, every page, of loving devotion, and rarely
developed as we have described, is said to be has a more beautiful tribute been paid to a
cyclonic; that is, the combined effect of the father by mother and son, working in har-
aerial forces brings the wind currents into cir-
| monious and felicitous collaboration.
cular or cyclonic paths, usually so broad that
Turning from the personal characteristics
their curved movements could not be known
of the work, it has unique and striking feat-
except as reports from large areas are collated. ures which will commend it as a most im-
The destroying and deadly cloud-funnel is not
portant contribution to musical literature.
a cyclone.
Unquestionably its first effect will be to sur-
T'he areas of high pressure which follow prise the reader that so large and valuable a
those of low pressure are properly called anti collection of musical instruments is to be
cyclones. The air is heaped in the central
found in private hands in this country. In-
parts of such areas. The movements of air
* MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR HOMES. By Mary
will be from the centre outwards. The cur-
E. Brown and Wm. Adams Brown. 270 Illustrations in
rents will be distributed, not concentrated, Pen and Ink by Wm. Adams Brown. The whole forming
and as a rule they will be less vigorous, rather
a Complete Catalogue of the Collection of Musical Instru.
than more intense. Why should they be so " New York: Dodd, Mead & Co.
ments now in the Possession of Mrs. J. Crosby Brown.


266
THE DIAL
[Feb.,
----
deed, it easily takes rank with the great pub savage races whose conservatism in music is
lic collections, both of this country and as stanch as the Pyramids themselves, and
Europe. There are collections at Berlin, whose handicraft has made no advance in
Paris, and Vienna, but none finer than this. thousands of years. The Ceylon ravanastron,
London has large collections at the British invented fifty centuries ago, and the “chang,”
Museum and East India House also; but the or Persian harp, twenty centuries old, from
only one in England which can rival this one which by numerous and ingenious evolutions
is that at the South Kensington Museum, the western world has arrived at the violin
which has for its nucleus M. Louis Clapisson's and piano, are instances of this conservatism.
collection, and which has been so intelligently They still hold their place in Asia, and are
and interestingly catalogued by Mr. Carl En likely to, until Western railroads, vessels,
gel, in a treatise which, however, by the side and armies prepare the way for the advance
of this superb volume, is hardly beyond the of Western civilization. The chapters upon
• dimensions of a primer. in our own country savage music are peculiarly interesting, and
there are but three other collections which might be profitably consulted by the student
can rank with this, the first at the National in connection with such a work, for instance,
Museum in Washington; the second, at the as Engel's “Study of National Music "; and
National Conservatory of Music in Boston, the chapters upon the instruments of our own
and the third, the Drexel collection in the Indian races and the Alaskans are full of rare
Metropolitan Museum in New York, left to it and valuable information.
by the will of the Philadelphia banker who To recapitulate the contents of the volume,
was an ardent collector not only of instru however, would require more space than is at
ments but also of musical literature and our disposal. It is more to the purpose to
scores. The exhaustive character of Mrs. indicate to the connoisseur that his library,
Brown's work may be inferred from its chap even though it may contain Engel's work, and
ter headings, which are as follows: 1, Chinese , that luxurious volume recently issued by Hip-
Music; 2, Chinese Musical Instruments; 3, kin, which exceeds the present one only in the
Japanese Music; 4, Musical Instruments of quality of its illustrations, will still be incom-
Japan; 5, Musical Instruments of Corea; 6, / plete without Mrs. Brown's beautiful and
Hindoo Music; 7, Instruments of India; 8 and artistic treatise. In these days of money-
9, the Music and Musical Instruments of Siam getting and money-grubbing for money's sake,
and Burmah; 10 and 11, the Music of Arabia, it is refreshing to find now and then a case
Syria and North Africa; 12 and 13, the Music where money has been usefully employed and
and Instruments of Persia and Turkey; 14 and has given to the world, at the cost of much
15, the Music of Africa; 16 and 17, the Music mental labor also, a work of great value, filled
and Instruments of the North American In with important facts in the history of the
dians; and 18, the Music and Instruments of most graceful and beautiful of all the arts,
Central and South America and Oceanica. and adding to the world's general informa-
Though the work makes no pretensions to tion. In such hands as those of Mrs. Brown
being an essay on music, its wide scope is and her son, collection is not a mere mania
shown by the author's research among the without intelligence or purpose, a fad of
anthorities—the list of which occupies four ephemeral existence, or an ignorant ostenta-
of these large quarto pages and includes tion, but a work pursued with intelligent
standard works in various languages — the purpose and then given to the world in most
painstaking descriptions of the various instru- | attractive form, to add to its stock of infor-
ments, with accompanying monographs upon mation on a given subject. Wealth thus
the characteristics of national music so far as applied is a benefaction to the student. It is
it illustrates the scope of the instruments fortunate that in this case, taste, knowledge,
themselves, and the pen-and-ink drawings, 270 and wealth have gone hand in hand, and that
in number, which are interwoven in the text the mechanics of book-making have wrought
and reproduced in very artistic style. The their noblest to give their purpose perfect and
descriptive text itself is copied from pen sumptuous shape.
and-ink, while the short treatises are in Ro.
GEORGE P. UPTON.
man—a division which gives a unique charm
to the book.
As will be seen from the list of contents,
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
the most of the volume is devoted to Oriental
musical instruments of the modern time, and
THE Letters of Dorothy Osborne to Sir William
in this department is very rich. Though it
Temple form a pleasing and not unimportant addi-
contains no mention of the ancient instru-
tion to epistolary literature. Readers will recall
Macaulay's admiring tribute to Dorothy's good
ments of the Hebrews, Egyptians, Greeks, or
qualities, in his review of Courtenay's life of Tem-
Romans, yet it easily carries the reader back ple. She was the daughter of Sir Peter Osborne,
to antiquity, for it deals with Oriental and I a royalist of determined “malignancy," whose stub-


1889.)
267
THE DIAL
born defence, in 1643, of Castle Cornet against the essay Mr. Matthew deals quite sharply with the
Parliamentarians won for him some distinction. writers of apologetic prefaces, holding them largely
Temple met with Dorothy Osborne shortly after responsible for their own literary mishaps. On the
leaving the university, and the young people seem hypothesis that the reviewer seldom gets beyond
to have at once formed a mutual attachment. Their the introduction, and, to save himself trouble, is
matrimonial plans were not, however, looked upon ready to take the writer at his own valuation, the
with favor by their friends. Temple's father had latter is advised to sound his own trumpet pretty
in view for him a wealthier alliance; while the Os loudly. The preface, Mr. Matthews holds, being
bornes were dissatisfied, not only with the youth-| "intended solely for the critic,” should be devoted
ful suitor's lack of employment, but with the to pointing out the merits of the work, calling atten-
seeming lukewarmness of his religious and political tion “modestly but firmly" to the special advan-
convictions. Dorothy's letters tell the story of this tages enjoyed by the author, quoting a few words
old-time courtship from its commencement to its of high praise once addressed to him by a great
happy termination, and reveal to us the singularly man," etc., etc. Mr. Matthews's advice is good-if
noble and attractive personality of Lady Temple. the critic happen to be a very good-natured one;
We know that Sir William Temple became the such a critic, for instance, as Lamb's friend, George
most cautious of statesmen; that he seldom sought | Dyer, to whom a book was, per se, a thing to be re-
political distinction save at those happy conjunc spected, and to whom "all poems were good poems,
tures when, the rival parties happening to be in and all men fine geniuses.” But with the truculent
accord, his activity did not involve the risks of par critic of the “Mr. Bludyer" stamp, the self-lauda-
tisanship; but whatever he may have been as a tory preface-maker must surely come to grief. Per-
politician, the tone of Dorothy's letters to him leaves haps the best paper in this collection is that entitled
no doubt that he was an ardent lover. The letters "The Ethics of Plagiarism," a subject well adapted
are written in a very agreeable style, and show the to display the author's shrewd wit and ingenuity.
courtly negotiator of the “Triple Alliance” in a Mr. Matthews by no means seeks to palliate the sin
pleasanter light than that in which we have hereto of plagiarism, but reads a valuable lesson to the lit-
fore seen him. Dorothy wrote, for the most part, erary detective who is forever crying “Stop thief!"
from her father's country seat of “Chicksands," The following good illustration of the rights of the
whither the family retired at the close of the civil literary borrower may be quoted: “Those from
war; and her letters afford a fair idea of English whom they [Dumas, Sardou, and Poe] borrowed
country life at that period. Certainly it is no slight have no more right to claim the resulting works
privilege to look over the shoulder of this seven than has the spectator who lends a coin to a con-
teenth century beauty (Dorothy had as many suitors jurer a right to consider himself a partner in the
pe herself), as she writes so confidentially | ingenious trick the conjurer performs with it." To
to her lover; and we cannot but wonder what she this the author might have added that the conjurer
herself would have thought had she foreseen that has no right to walk off with the coin and spend it.
her tender rose-scented missives were destined to The essence of plagiarism lies in the felonious in-
furnish entertainment centuries after she and her tent, -the imputing to oneself merit rightly due to
lover were dust. Besides the good literary quality another. To borrow with the intention of fairly
of the letters, they have the merit of putting us on using the thing borrowed as raw material is a very
familiar terms with those who figure in their pages. mild and pardonable form of plagiarism; while the
The historical Sir William Temple, the periwigged worst of all plagiarists is he who like the luckless
diplomatist, the sedate amateur-gardener of Sheen, Robert Montgomery—not only steals his literary
is a far more impalpable personage, for instance, wares, but reproduces them "in a damaged condi.
than Sir William the lover obediently trotting to tion,” Mr. Matthews has the best gift of the pop-
“the great shop above, "The Flower Pott,'" to pro ular essayist-- that of seriously appealing to the
cure a “quart of Orange-flower water” for his lady taste and judginent of the reader, while seemingly
love. The editor of the letters, Mr. Edward Abbott bent only on entertaining him.
Parry, has done his work thoroughly-unnecessarily
so, perhaps, as concerns the majority of readers, PROBABLY to ninety-nine readers out of every
who will care little for the mass of personal detail hundred, Richard Jefferies, novelist, is an unknown
supplied in the notes. The volume is furnished quantity; and the title of Mr. Besant's new book,
with portraits, after the originals by Lely, of Sir “The Eulogy of Richard Jefferies,” will cause that
William and Lady Temple, and is very tastefully proportion of readers to ask, Who is he? Premis-
gotten up by its publishers (Dodd, Mead & Co.) ing that the volume in hand is a very readable one,
and that it supplies full information of Jefferies
MR. BRANDER MATTHEWs, in his preface to “Pen and his works, we will devote a brief space to
and Ink” (Longmans, Green & Co.)—a collection of answering, with Mr. Besant's aid, this natural ques-
essays, chiefly re-prints, “on subjects of more or less tion, Richard Jefferies was an author-he died in
importance,”-humorously declares it to be “the 1886-whose success is to be measured by the merit
most interesting, the most entertaining, the most of his works, rather than by the fame or money
instructive book of the decade." While hardly they brought him. The morbidly imaginative boy,
prepared to vouch for the entire accuracy of this bred in the seclusion of a Wiltshire farm, intent
estimate, we may safely admit that the volume is upon the secrets of meadow, wood, and stream, and
an unusually bright, instructive, and readable one. shrinking from the rude society of boys of his own
Indeed, we may go still further, and say that there age, was the father of the man-shy, proud, im-
is not a dull page in it-which implies that we have practical, unsuccessful. Even Jefferies's eulogist
read the volume through. This inference is noted confesses that his hero was not a “clubable” man.
as showing that certain dark hints by the author, Jefferies began life as a journalist, and first became
in “The True Theory of the Preface"-one of his known through a series of letters on agriculture
best papers-have not fallen unheeded. In this which attracted the notice of thinking men
T


268
[Feb.
THE DIAL
throughout England. The avenue to prosperity eign People in Congress assembled, made them.
thus thrown open to him he neglected to follow, selves into independent states, and that a successful
believing that his true calling was that of the nov revolution in 1787, under the name of the formation
elist. And herein, properly speaking, he was right of a Federal Government, put things back just
-although success, as the world goes, was not for where they were nine years before, and restored the
him. Jefferies's first novels--artificial, false, treat people to sovereignty. This pretty theory, so flat-
ing of a phase of life of which he knew nothing tering to the ethical make-up of " the founders,"
were wretched failures. Not until after years of our author attacks with his keen Damascus blade,
experiment and blind groping, did he learn the and speedily finds the joints of its harness. The
secret of his power of noting and describing rural theory is advanced, in turn, that party exists only
phenomena. . Throughout his pages there runs a for the sake of the nation, and that a party may
thread of reflection, often light and playful, and at abuse its trusts and outlive its usefulness. This,
times of almost Wordsworthian depth and earnest again, we fear is not for the general,-for no idea
ness. Jefferies not only described, but he tried has more forcibly possessed the mind of the average
with all his soul to interpret. As we have said, he voter than that party is from heaven by birth, with
was never a “successful ” man. His books, though, a God-given and therefore eternal right to subor-
in their way, of superlative merit, were not widely dinate everything else to its own glory and to en-
salable, and his last years were spent in sickness joy it forever.
and poverty. The following quotation from his
last article-written shortly before he died-tells In Mr. Firth's “Our Kin Across the Sea" (Long-
the pathetic story of his end. Let the reader re mans, Green, & Co.), we have a wealthy New Zea-
flect that for six long years this man, who had lit lander's impressions of America. Mr. Firth, as Mr.
erally lived with nature out-of-doors, had been the Froude takes pains to inform us in his preface to
prisoner of disease. “I wonder to myself," he the book, is not a man of letters, nor is he an artist
wrote, “how they can all get on without me; how like Macaulay's New Zealand traveller that is to
they manage, bird and flower, without me, to keep come; he is merely a prosperous merchant who has
the calendar for them. For I noted it so carefully become a landholder, has developed mines and rail-
and lovingly day by day.” At the very last his roads, and has contributed much to the material
thoughts reverted to the fields and flowers, and the well-being and much to the moral improvement of
warm sunshine. In reading the pathetic story of the colony in which he lives. As might be ex-
his death, one recalls Browning's lines on the dying pected, Mr. Firth admires our vast resources, our
man who
great rivers and cities, the splendor of our electric
"- sate up suddenly, and with natural voice
lights, the giant fortunes of our wealthy men, the
Said, that in spite of thick air and closed doors convenience of our elevators, our sleeping-cars, our
God told him it was June; and he knew well,
belt-railroads. He thinks that the massive blocks
Without such telling, harebells grew in June;
of lofty buildings in our cities have an air of grand-
And all that kings could ever give or take
Would not be precious as those blooms to him." eur about them. As a colonist, he is better able to
appreciate our grievances against the British than
Two books which came from the press just before are the travellers that come to us directly from
the Presidential election may be considered as cam England. Mr. Firth judges things, as is natural,
paign documents whose value is not confined to a | from a New Zealander's standpoint, and finds our
single campaign. Both have for their contention climate, our beef, our knives, our health, and our
that the fathers of the Republic created “a govern habits of work, worse than he is used to seeing in
ment of States, by States, for States," and that it has his own country, of which he tells us a good deal.
since become “a government of numbers, by num He wonders much at the patience that enables
bers, for numbers." A. W. Clason, in his “Seven Americans to wait so long for their hotel dinners;
Conventions” (Appleton), has given in seven chap to cut their tough beef with dull plated knives; to
ters condensed reports of the Federal Convention put up with sidewalks covered with obstructions,
the ratifying conventions of Massachusetts, Vir and full of holes, that endanger the lives of the un-
ginia, New York, and South Carolina, the non wary; to endure the domination of Irish schemers
ratifying convention of North Carolina, and of the and demagogues and the political corruption that
conventions of Charleston and Baltimore in 1860. permeates everything; to submit to the exactions
In a preliminary chapter, and in his comments upon of railways, of trusts, of strikes, and “combines."
the Federal Convention, he forcibly dwells upon He finds fault with our overwork, with our lack of
the contract basis of our government as founded in out-door amusements, with our desecration of Sun-
1789, and upon the entrance of force as necessitat day, with our laxity in the enforcement of law,
ing a new conception of the nature of the govern with our “newspaper despotism," and with our
ment henceforward. He also calls attention to the worship of the dollar. In short, he is a candid and
view held by the founders of the Union in 1776 as to sensible man, who, without affecting originality,
the independent status of the parties to the Decla sees things pretty nearly as they are, reflects upon
ration of Independence. As an additional chapter them, and tells us frankly and concisely what he
on our government from the standpoint of the mak sees and what he thinks.
ers of it, his book is interesting and profitable
reading.--"The Centennial of a Revolution; by a PROF. THOROLD ROGERS needs no introduction,
Revolutionist " (Putnams) is not intended “for the as one who is able to make even statistics interest-
general," who we fear will miss the point of its ing, to those who have read his great works on
delicate satire. Taking an article in the “Political "Agriculture and Prices," “Work and Wages,"
Science Quarterly," entitled “The American Com- and “The Economic Interpretation of History."
monwealth," as its point of departure, it assails the When he comes, therefore, to so entertaining a sub-
thesis there maintained that a usurpation occurred juct as “The Story of Holland," we expect a valu-
in 1776, when the colonies, set free by the Sover able book; and we are not disappointed. Such a


1889.)
THE DIAL
269
--
- - - -
brief sketch has been needed, and Netherlandish Sevier"; and now, in “The Advance Guard of West-
history furnishes a fruitful theme for a writer who ern Civilization ” (Appleton), he rescues another
looks always beneath the surface at the economic pioneer worthy from oblivion. For fifteen years-
and social activities of a land. The growth to in from 1779 to 1794—he leads us in the steps of
dependence, from the rise of the chartered towns, James Robertson and his comrades who founded
through the stormy days of Burgundian rule and and made good that “Cumberland Settlement"
the lurid scenes produced by “butchers" and which grew into the State of Tennessee. The nar-
“Blood councils," to the great deeds of the liber. rative needs no rhetorical effort to set forth its
ation, is well narrated. The subject of Dutch thrilling and heroic facts. Mr. Parkman has made
enterprise, in exploration and colonization and a reputation as a great historian by his record of
financiering, occupies several chapters; and the the simple facts for the French vanguard of civ-
history of the United Netherlands to the creation ilization, and Gilmore is showing that no less im-
of the monarchy is traced in a style that is alway portant work was done by the later pioneers of
in accordance with the interesting subject matter. English blood. We commend this volume to the
What we looked for and what we miss is a presen youth who enjoy “Nick-of-the-Woods” and “The
tation of the Constitution of the Republic. One Last of the Mohicans," with the point in favor of
page is given to this important topic, which should this later narrative that it is true. The intrigues of
have had a chapter. No portion of the deeds of General Wilkinson with Spain in 1805-6 are well
the Hollanders is of more interest and importance known in connection with Aaron Burr's wider
to American students than their attempt to build a notoriety: his earlier performances in the same
Federal Republic upon the bases of the most dem treasonable direction are not so widely known, and
ocratic provincial state-sovereignty and the most are here discussed at length, as they were' of suffi-
aristocratic commercial centralization.
cient importance, our author thinks, to entail
“upon the entire West long-continued suffering,
ANOTHER excellent sketch in the “Nations" and upon the devoted colony along the Cumberland
series (Putnam) is “ The Story of Mediæval France," ten years of most savage warfare."
by Gustave Masson of Harrow School. The author's
little French Dictionary has long since made him a ANOTHER pioneer sketch is the “Indiana" of Mr.
multitude of friends, and his past work in belles let- | J. P. Dunn, Jr., in the “American Commonwealths"
tres leads him in the present volume to allow “a series (Houghton). The book has no more claim
large share to what may be called the intellectual to a place in this series than the one just reviewed,
side of the subject, more especially to the forma for it is merely a history of Indiana Territory, the
tion and progress of national literature." The narrative ending at the year 1820. The first third
author limits his subject of Mediæval France to the of the book is given to the French rule, which is
years from the reign of Hugues Capet to the death described at too great length. A valuable chapter
of Louis the Twelfth. If one pays attention mainly is devoted to the career of George Rogers Clark-
to dynastic change, Hugues Capet may be said to that “Hannibal of the West," as Mr. Dunn calls
begin the Middle Period; but if one reads the story him—whose biography has been strangely omitted
of a nation “not alone in its political annals, but in from the "American Cyclopædia." The explan-
its social life, in the development of commerce, in atory title of the book—"A Redemption from
dustry, literature, and the fine arts," the story of Slavery ”-indicates its purpose to sketch the
Mediæval France-or, as Martin puts it, France struggle which slavery for thirty years made for
Feodale,-more truly begins with the edicts of Mer existence on the soil of the Northwest Territory, in
sen and Kiersy, in 847 and 877, which, in the words spite of the Ordinance of 1787. The author dwells
of the author, affected, the one the question of upon the curious yet probable motive for the upa-
social security, the other the status of property. nimity which produced that ordinance in com-
Here were the formal beginnings of that combined mittee. Grayson, a member of the committee, said:
system of commendation and benefice which ripened “The clause respecting slavery was agreed to by
into feudalism, and upon which the throne of the Southern members, for the purpose of prevent-
Capet rested. No middle-age history is more fasci ing tobacco and indigo from being made on the
nating than that of feudal France; and Mr. Masson northwest side of the Ohio, as well as for several
has met his subject with a true appreciation. other political reasons." Tobacco and indigo cul-
Whilst the romantic features of that life are dis ture was thought to necessitate slave labor, and
played in a vigorous narrative of the doings of slave labor would invite those crops northward and
court and camp, more serious topics--as the com ruin the monopoly. Mr. Dunn is to be thanked
munal movement, scholasticism, financial reforms, for calling attention so fully to this struggle for the
the Parlement of Paris, literature, science, art,-re Northwest, which has a place in our history along-
ceive adequate treatment. We should have been side of the “Struggle for Kansas;" for it will sur-
glad to hear more about the States General, which prise many to learn that whilst the Ordinance of
do not even have a mention in the index; while the 1787 forbade slavery, and “while there was a con-
famous and fundamental States General of 1302 flict of opinion among the judges, after the Ordi-
figures merely with reference to the persecution of nance had become a thing of the past," as to
the Templars. Again, as in the case of Prof. Rog whether negroes born into bondage in the territory
ers's book, the important feature of constitutional were legally slaves, “there was never any such
growths has been dealt with too meagrely,
conflict in the executive and legislative construc-
tions of the Ordinance while it was in force." Not
THE settlement of our Western lands has attracted until Indiana became a State was it decided finally
much attention of late from those who love the that slavery could not exist on her soil.
heroic, and three recent books deal with the re-
gion of the great Ohio Valley James R. Gilmore A LATER volume of the “ Commonwealths" series
is already favorably known through his “John is “Ohio; First Fruits of the Ordinance of 1787,"


270
[Feb.,
THE DIAL
by Rufus King. Here again disproportionate space MR. W. S. Walsh has gathered up, under the odd
has been given to the earlier periods, one-fourth of but apt title, “Paradoxes of a Philistine” (Lippin-
the volume lingering over the French days and cott), seventeen short, crisp, well-written papers
two-thirds over the territorial history. One of the that originally appeared in the magazines. “They
most serious faults of Americans in writing their own are here collected,” says Mr. Walsh in the prefatory
history has always been that they have magnified remarks entitled “By Way of Warning," because
the importance of the earlier events out of all pro the author likes them, and wants them in some
portion, and have laid out their histories on such a form convenient for re-reading;” and we feel sure
scale as, if continued into recent times, would make that many others will like them as candidly and
it impossible for them even to keep abreast of cur find them as worthy of re-perusal. While the
rent events. The result has been that our truly author freely uses old materials and often restates
national history has been neglected through sheer old thoughts, he treats them in a manner so wholly
exhaustion. Bancroft reaches only the year one of his own that his ingenious plea for plagiarism is
the Federal Government in 3200 pages; and Hil needless as an apology for his own methods. Mr.
dreth the Missouri Compromise in 3800. Only just Walsh seems to say to himself what Mr. Lowell
now are McMaster and Schouler taking up our his once said when he wrote those lines “For an
tory as a great nation. It seems especially a pity, Autograph":
in this very valuable series on our Commonwealths,
“Though old the thought and oft exprest,
that some graphic writer, like Lucien Carr, could
'Tis his at last who says it best,--
not have covered the earlier portion of our history
I'll try my fortune with the rest."
once for all in its main features; inasmuch as it is And the result shows that it was well worth while
common ground in many respects. As a detailed for Mr. Walsh to make the trial. Much of his
narrative of Ohio's pioneer days, and a briefer sketch book treats of our mistakes, -"The Mistakes of
of her general progress in later years, this volume
the Judicious," "The Mistakes of the Critics,"
is acceptable; but we have a wish to see more of a “The Mistakes of the Novelists,” “ The Mistakes
century's growth brought to view. The great State
we all Make,”-and the author's genial corrections
of Ohio has had a large place in the counsels of the all point us to a broader charity, a more comprehen-
Union, in shaping its policy, in developing its sen sive sympathy, a better grasp of things as they
timents as well as its industries. Yet her record on really are. Among other topics, this “Philistine"
slavery before the Civil War is here dismissed in
treats of “The Sense of Pre-existence," "Of Mod-
less than two pages; and we cannot find even men-
ern Fiction," "Realist and Idealist," " The Genesis
tion of “the Cuyahoga District," or of Joshua of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,” “Poet and Humor-
Giddings.
ist,” “Poet and Philistine," and of the questions
“Is Poetry Declining ?" and “Who was Mother
In the brief list of women of genius stands, if
Goose ?"
not the first, yet among the first three or four, the
name of Elizabeth Barrett Browning. Why is it, "ASTRONOMY with an Opera Glass” (Appleton)
then, that in Messrs. Roberts Brothers' series of is the republication in book-form of a series of
“Famous Women” this great name stands nine articles by Garrett P. Serviss, that first appeared in
teenth? Probably because in her case there is so “The Popular Science Monthly" for 1887-8.
little to know besides the name. Strange as it Bound together in their present neat and handy
may seem, though Mrs. Browning died in 1861, the form, these articles furnish the star-gazer with a
story of her life cannot yet be told with any ap very serviceable guide-book to the heavens. The
proach to completeness; and so long as Mr. Brown book is beautifully printed in large type, and con-
ing lives, it is likely that the seal of silence placed tains many maps of the constellations, the moon,
upon her correspondence, and thus upon her nem | etc., represented in white upon a black ground.
ory, will never be broken. Mr. Ingram, the author The four circular maps representing the appearance
of the present biography, has very little to add to of the sky in the evening hours of spring, summer,
what was already known. Although he impugns autumn, and winter, respectively, will probably be
the accuracy of biographical statements previously oftenest referred to. They are made as large as the
made, and even disagrees with Mr. Browning touch page will permit, but would be more useful if made
ing the place and date of Mrs. Browning's birth, he still larger, say as large as could be placed upon a
appears to have no information to offer us that was double-page sheet. The text is well calculated to
not already accessible in some other form. Thus arouse an interest in the geography of the heavens.
the "initial biography of Elizabeth Barrett Brown Mr. Serviss shows that no profound knowledge of
ing" is largely a compilation. It deals mostly mathematics is essential to derive enjoyment and
with her poems and her reading, and gives an profit from the study of the evening sky,-a study
occasional letter from Horne's collection. It was more enticing now than when the shepherds and the
not until she was nearly forty years of age that magi of old used nightly to con the stars, because
Elizabeth Barrett exchauged an exclusive devotion so many interesting discoveries have been made by
to her “papa” and her dog Flush for a more astronomers, and because, as our author points out,
womanly devotion to her husband and her child. an opera-glass of an inch and a half aperture reveals
During her married life, her health, always infirm, ten times as many stars as can be seen by the naked
kept her most of the time in Italy. Here the | eye.
Brownings, as their fame increased, were visited by
Among the books that gather up for the benefit
many literary people, whose accounts of the family
of young readers, and narrate in simple language,
occupy a large portion of the latter half of the pres-
the more interesting and surprising facts discovered
ent volume. When more material is accessible, a
by recent science, hardly one deserves more un-
more complete biography may be written. Till stinted praise than Sophie Herrick's “The Earth in
then, Mr. Ingram's book will serve as a useful sum-
Past Ages” (Harper). The statements are so care-
mary of what is already known.
ful and so clearly made as not to mislead even the


1889.)
271
THE DIAL
unwary. The pictures, which form a prominent published simultaneously in Paris, London, and
feature, are taken from the best works. The sketch New York. Messrs. Cassell & Co. are authority for
of the archæoptery.r, for example, is the restoration the statement that they have paid the author, M.
by R. W. Shufeldt, instead of the cut ordinarily Blouet, “the largest lump sum that has ever been
seen in our text-books, and contains nothing of paid a foreign author for the right of publication
which we have not actual evidence. The account in this country.”
of the cedar logs obtained by mining in New Jersey
Next April is the Centennial Anniversary of the
shows that the author is abreast of the times, and
inauguration of Washington as President of the
that she keeps up with the articles in the scientific
United States. The occasion is to be celebrated in
periodicals. Her remarks touching the unsettled
New York City with elaborate and appropriate ex-
explanation of coral reefs and coral islands evince ercises, in which the President of the United States
the modesty and reserve of the true scientific spirit.
and his Cabinet are expected to participate. The
Teachers of physical geography or of the elements
day of the celebration, April 30, has been made a
of geology will find this a stimulating book to put legal holiday by the Legislature of New York, and
into the hands of their pupils. No one, young or
the occasion will doubtless be a memorable one.
old, who desires a simple statement of some of the
ascertained facts of geology and paleontology can
Mr. Chas. A. B. SHEPARD, of the well-known
do better than to inquire within the lids of this
Boston publishing house of Lee & Shepard, who
dainty little volume.
died on the 26th of January, was one of the oldest
and most popular members of the American book
- - -- - - -
trade. While still a young man, he was the senior
LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS.
member of the firm of Shepard, Clark & Brown;
and after its dissolution, in 1859, he formed the
An important work by Alfred Binet, the eminent
partnership with Mr. Lee, which continued until
French scientist, is announced for early publication
Mr. Shepard's death. He was about sixty years of
by the Open Court Publishing Co., of Chicago. The
age.
title is “The Psychic Life of Micro-Oganisms."
The measure for International Copyright known as
The author has furnished a preface especially for
the American edition,
the Chace-Breckenridge Copyright bill is expected
to be put to vote in the House of Representatives
An “Introduction to the Poetry of Robert Brown-
at an early date. This bill passed the Senate last
ing," by Prof. William J. Alexander, will be pub-
| May, by a vote of 34 to 10; and while not likely to
lished this month by Gion & Co. Among the
receive any such majority in the House, is yet rea-
subjects discussed in the work are “Browning's
sonably certain to become a law. It is a compro-
Philosophy," " Christianity as Presented in Brown-
mise measure, far from perfect, but is strongly
ing's Works,” and “Browning's Theory of Art."
urged by authors, who are the ones chiefly inter-
A NEW work on Russia, by Mr. W. T. Stead,
ested, and hence its passage is to be hoped for.
editor of the “ Pall Mall Gazette," is announced by
Cassell & Co. The volume is the result of Mr.
Two magazines devoted to the general interests
of Poetry begin their career with the year 1889.
Stead's recent travels in Russia, and will be a large
“Poet-Lore," published in Philadelphia, has an
and no doubt an interesting one. Its title is “The
almost suspicious flavor of Browning societies about
Truth about Russia.”
it, which is, however, redeemed by some excellent
SHAKESPEARIANA, the monthly magazine of
departments, one of which is to be conducted by
Shakespearian criticism, which has just reached Dr. w. J. Rolfe. “The Magazine of Poetry” is
its sixth volume, will hereafter be conducted under
published in Buffalo, by C. W. Moulton & Co., and
the auspices of the New York Shakespeare Society,
gives promise of becoming a useful and an attract-
and published by the Leonard Scott Publication Co.,
ive publication.
of New York City.
MR. CHARLES F. HOLDER, the well-known writer
An important economic work, “Profit Sharing
on popular science, has prepared a volume on Pasa-
between Employer and Employee: a Study in the
dena and Southern California, which will soon be
Evolution of the Wages System,” by Nicholas P.
published by Lee & Shepard. They also have in
Gilman, will appear about March 1, from the press
preparation "Incidents of a Collector's Rambles
of Houghton, Mifflin & Co. The same firm will
in Australia, New Zealand, and New Guinea,' by
issue shortly Miss Blanche Willis Howard's new
Sherman F. Denton, Artist to the United States
story, “The Open Door."
Fish Commission, Washington, D. C., with illus-
A NUMBER of the later scientific and philosoph trations by the author; “Delsarte and His Method,"
ical essays of Dr. W. B. Carpenter, collected since by Anna Morgan; George Riddle's “Readings," a
his death, will be published immediately by D. volume of selections; and “The Julia Ward Howe
Appleton & Co., with the title, “Nature and Man."
Birthday Book," arranged by Laura E. Richards.
The same publishers have nearly ready a new novel
MESSRS. RAPHAEL TUCK & Sons, the well known
by Mrs. Rossiter Johnson, “Raleigh Westgate, or
art publishers, of London and New York, have
Epimenides in Maine."
issued a very elaborate Circular of their Art Stu-
AMONG the forthcoming publications of Long-
dents' and Amateurs' Competitive Prize Exhibition,
mans, Green, & Co. are “Letters on Literature," by
to be held in January 1890, at the Galleries of the
Andrew Lang; “Masks or Faces ? A Study in the
Royal Institute, London, and for which prizes
Psychology of Acting,” by William Archer; “Col-
amounting to five hundred guineas, and one hun-
loquies on Preaching,” by the Rev. H. Twells;
dred diplomas, will be awarded. The judges are
"Conversations with the Duke of Wellington," by
Sir John Everett Millais, Bart., R.A., Marcus Stone,
the late Lord Stanhope; “Social Progress," by R.A., G. H. Boughton, A.R.A., and Solomon J.
Daniel G. Thompson.
Solomon, Esq. All copies from the United States
Max O’Rell's just-issued book on the United or Canada will be forwarded from New York City
States, called “Jonathan and His Continent," is ' to London, and returned after the Exhibition, free


272
[Feb.,
THE DIAL
of cost to the competitors. Copies of the Exhibition of literature, science, and the arts. For seven years
Circular, giving full particulars, may be had by no fewer than a hundred persons, and sometimes
addressing Messrs. Raphael Tuck & Sons, 298 Broad - more, have been working upon this dictionary.
way, New York City.
The work will be published simultaneously in Eng-
The first volumes of the new edition of the land and America,
“ Writings of Washington ” will be issued shortly ONCE more the secret of what makes a successful
by G. P. Putnam's sons. They also announce: or unsuccessful novel has been divulged--this time
"English Wayfaring Life in the Middle Ages," | by Mr. James Payn, himself a writer of novels,
from the French of J. J. Jusserand, editor of the and of presumably successful ones, since he has a
series of “Great French Writers"; a “Manual of long list of them published. Locate your story at
Oriental Antiquities,” including the Architecture, home, says Mr. Payn. “The placing the scene
Sculpture, and Industrial Arts of Chaldea, Assyria, of a story in a foreign land is always disad-
Persia, Judea, Phænicia, and Carthage, by Ernest vantageous. It may be mere ignorance which
Babelon, Librarian of the Department of Medals causes untravelled readers to prefer stories of their
Paris, translated and enlarged by B. T. A. Evetts, want of reality in stories of foreign countries as in a
M.A., of the Department of Egyptian and Assyrian | fairy tale. All editors know this, and look askance
Antiquities of the British Museum; and “From | at such productions." We advise aspiring novelists
Japan to Granada: Sketches of Observation and i not to accept too hastily the infallibility of Mr.
Enquiry in a Tour round the World in 1887-8," by Payn's revealment. His statement would seem to
James Henry Chapin, D.D.
be almost exactly not “the fact,” so far as can be
Rev. Dr. GEORGE C. Noyes, who died at Evans-
observed in these United States (and Mr. Payn's
dictum was written for an American newspa-
ton, Ill., January 14, was known to readers of The
Dial as a frequent contributor, he having been con-
per). Readers, and especially "untravelled read-
nected with this journal for six or eight years past.
ers," rather like stories that take them away
He was especially apt in reviewing books of travel
from home, and are apt to regard as tame and tedi-
-a department of literature of which he was ex-
ous those that have too pronounced a home flavor.
tremely fond, and in which he was peculiarly at
We doubt that “Zury” has found a multitude of
home. He was himself a “born traveller," and,
admirers in Spring County, Illinois, and that the
what is doubtless much rarer, one to whom the
“mere ignorance of the untravelled Tennessee
charms of his own country appealed not in vain,
mountaineers will lead them to “prefer stories of
their own land” written by Miss Murfree. Bret
He was tolerably familiar, he said, with every state
and territory in the Union, .except Alaska, and with
Harte's realistic stories of California life are as
odious to his fellow-citizens of the Pacific Coast as
Canada and Mexico. Alaska he expected soon to
visit, and also Central America; then he thought he
they are admired everywhere else, and particularly
would be prepared to begin the exploration of the
abroad. On the other hand, the most successful of
Old World. Dr. Noyes had been for twenty years pas-
recent American novels has its scenes located in
tor of the First Presbyterian Church at Evanston-
a foreign land." To get as far away as possible from
one of the largest of Chicago's suburbs, ---and while
home and from humdrum every day life, may be
widely known and honored in his own denomina-
exactly what many readers most desire. The “want
tion, he was also widely known outside of it as a
of reality, as in a fairy tale," may be the source of
strong and rare man, of catholic sympathies, liberal
their chief enjoyment in reading a story. We be-
culture, and varied attainments. He died at the
lieve the most experienced publishers confess their
inability to tell what it is that makes a novel suc-
age of fifty-six.
cessful; and Mr. Payn has hardly unlocked the
ONE of the most extensive enterprises ever under-
puzzle.
taken by an American publishing house will be
“The Century Dictionary," the earlier portions of
which are expected to be issued by The Century TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
Co. during the coming Spring. When completed
FEBRUARY, 1889.
which it is expected will be in two years—the work
will be comprised in six quarto volumes, aggregat Alcoholic Heredity. T. D. Orothers. Popular Science.
ing some 6500 pages. The new dictionary will America, Oriental Account of its Discovery. M. Am. Hist.
American Intellectual Life. Andover.
contain definitions of probably two hundred thou-
American Politics, The Spirit of. C. W. Clark. Allantic.
sand words, without including any useless com Big.horn, Photographing the. F. H. Chapin. Scribner.
pounds. Thousands of quotations will help to
Browning's Dramas. C. C. Everett. Andover.
Bryce on America. A. O. McLaughlin. Dial.
illustrate the uses of these words. The work is Bulb Gardens In-doors. John Habberton. Harper.
encyclopædic in the sense that it gives, in addition
Canadian-American Liaison. W. Griffin. Mag. Am. Hist.
Capital and Labor. Adam Shortt. Andover.
to definitions and the etymological history of words,
Children, Physical Training of. M. F. Lagrange. Pop. Sci.
a very great amount of detailed information which Children's Voices, Public School Training of. Harper.
Competitive Element in Modern Life. Scribner.
has hitherto been found only in the encyclopædias.
Dakota. P. F. McClure, Harper.
There will be about six thousand cuts in the text, “ Demoniacal Possession." A. D. White. Popular Science.
the subjects of which have usually been chosen by “Dogmatic Theology" of Prof. Shedd. Andover.
Education, Sacrifice of. Max Müller, and others. Pop. Sci.
the experts in charge of the special departments, French Painting, History of. H, N. Powers. Dinl.
and drawn, whenever possible, from the object Government Clerk, Experiences of a. Lippincott.
Greek Portraits. T. S. Perry. Scribner.
itself. The editor-in-chief, Professor William
Hawthorne, Nathaniel. R. A. Stoddard. Lippincott.
Dwight Whitney, of Yale University, has been Holidays, Origin of. H. Gale. Popular Science,
assisted by nearly fifty experts, college professors
Holland, Picturesqueness of. Geo. Hitchcock. Scribner.
Hôtel Drouot, The Theo. Child. Harper.
and others, each a recognized authority in his own Humor, A Plea for. Agnes Repplier. Atlantic.
Illinois Life in Fiction. Atlantic.
specialty-the design of the dictionary being to
Lady Crab, The Dance of the. T. H, Morgan. Pop. Science.
make it complete and authoritative in every branch | Mendelssohn's Letters." Atlantic.


1889.]
273
THE DIAL
Ministers, Salaries of. Andover.
Mound Builders and No. Am. Indians. Mag. Am. History.
Musical Instruments. George P. Upton. Dial.
Nepaul, the Land of the Goorkhas. H. Ballantine. Harper
Norway. Björnstjerne Björnson. Harper.
People, Real History of the. H. D. Lloyd. Dial.
Railways, Political Control of. A. Morgan, Popular Science.
Reptiles of a Past Age. Otto Meyer. Popular Science.
Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries. Atlantic.
Ruskin's Work. Chas. Waldstein. Harper.
Russian Village, Sketch of a. V. Verestchagin. Harper.
School, Story of a James Johannot. Popular Science.
Scott, Walter, at Home. E. H. Woodruff.* Scribner.
Slavery in N. Y. and Mass. J. Carrick. Mag. Am. History.
Spiritual Christianity. Andover.
Stallo, John B. Popular Science.
Sunday, Second Service on. A. Mckenzie. Andover.
Talking Machines, The New. P. G. Hubert, Jr. Allantic.
Underground Waters in Rock Transformations. Pop. Sci.
Variation, Causes of. C. V. Riley. Popular Science.
Vauxhall Gardens, Austin Dobson. Scribner.
Washington, De Vries Portrait of. Mag. Am. History.
Washington as President, 1789-90. Mrs. Lamb. M. Am. Hist.
Weather - Lore. Selim H. Peabody. Dial.
Women, Physical Development of. W. A. Sargent. Scrib.
Yezidees, or Devil-Worshippers. L. E. Browski. Pop. Sci.
BOOKS OF THE MONTH.
[The following list includes all books received by THE DIAL
during the month of January, 1889.)
BIBLE STUDIES-RELIGIOUS.
The Bible View of the Jewish Church, in Thirteen Lec-
tures delivered during January-April, 1888, in the
Fourth Avenue Presbyterian Church, N, Y. By How.
ard Crosby. 12mo, pp. 211. Funk & Wagnalls. $1.00.
Sunday School Stories on the Golden Texts of the Inter.
national Lessons of 1889. By Edward E. Hale, author
of " In His Name." 16mo, pp. 314. Roberts Bros. $1.00.
Holy Living. By Jeremy Taylor, D.D. Vol. I.
pp. 192. Paper. Oassell's National Library. 10 cents.
POETRY-THE DRAMA.
Reading of Earth. By George Meredith, 16mo, pp. 136.
Gilt top. Macmillan & Co. $1.50.
Ancient Spanish Ballads, Historical and Romantic.
Translated, with Notes, by J.G. Lockhart. Reprinted
from the Revised Edition of 1841, with Illustrations
by Wm. Allen and others. 24mo, pp. 299. Gilt top.
Putnam's Knickerbocker Nuggets. $1.50.
Virgil's Æneid. The First Six Books. Translated into
English Rhyme by Henry Hamilton. 12mo, pp. 197.
G. P. Putnam's Song. $1.25.
Among the Millet. and Other Poems. By Archibald
Lampman. Svo, pp. 151. Ottawa: J. Durie & Son.
Laudes Domini. A Selection of Spiritual Songs, Ancient
and Modern, for the Sunday School. Edited by Charles
Seymour Robinson, Oblong 16mo. The Century Co.
35 cents.
Cymbeline. By William Shakespeare. 24mo, pp. 192.
Paper. Cassell's National Library. 10 cents.
FIOTION.
Cressy. By Bret Harte. 16mo, pp. 290. Houghton, Mif-
flin & Co. $1.25.
A Shocking Example, and Other Sketches. By Frances
Courtenay Baylor, author of "On Both Sides." With
Portrait. 12mo, pp. 361. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.25.
stiff-Necked Generation. By L. B. Walford, author
of * Mr. Smith.” 16mo, pp. 468. Holt's Leisure Hour
Series. $1.00.
The Story of Realmah. By Arthur Helps, author of
“Casimir Maremma." 16mo, pp. 266. Roberts Bros.
75 cents.
Commodore Junk. By G. Manville Fenn, author of
“ The Parson o' Dumford.” 12mo. Paper. Oassell's
Sunshine Series. 50 cents.
The Apostate. A Novel. By Ernest Daudet. Trans.
lated from the French by Elizabeth Phipps Train.
12mo, pp. 237. Paper. Appleton's Town and Country Li-
brary. 50 cents.
For Faith and Freedom. A Novel. By Walter Besant,
author of “ Dorothy Forster.” Illustrated. 8vo, pp.
383. Paper. Harper's Franklin Square Library. 50 cents.
When a Man's single. A Tale of Literary Life. By
J. M. Barrie. Svo, pp. 234. Paper. Harper's Franklin
Square Library. 35 cents.
The Peril of Richard Pardon. A Novel. By B. L. Far.
jeon, author of “Great Porter Square." Illustrated.
Svo, pp. 199. Paper. Harper's Franklin Square Library.
30 cents.
The Amber Witch. Translated from the German by
Lady Duff Gordon. 24mo, pp. 192. Paper. Cassell's
National Library. 10 cents.
EDUCATION--TEXTBOOKS.
Systems of Education. A History and Criticism of the
Principles, Methods, Organization, and Moral Disci.
pline advocated by Eminent Educationists. By John
Gill. 12mo, pp. 312. D. C. Heath & Co. $1.10.
Industrial Education in the South. By Rev. A. D.
Mayo. 8vo, pp. 86. Paper. Washington: Govern.
ment Printing Office,
Voices of Children. Principles and Discipline through
which they May be Made Efficient in Speaking and
Singing. By W. H. Leib. 12mo, pp. 60. Ginn & Co.
45 cents.
Lessing's Ausgewahlte Prosa und Briefe. Edited,
with Notes, by Horatio Stevens White. 18mo, pp.
236. German Classics for American Students. G. P. Put.
nam's Sons. $1.00,
One Thousand Com position Subjects. For the Use of
Teachers and Pupils. Compiled by Miss E. S. Kirk.
land, author of “Short History of France." 16mo, pp.
62. Paper. Chicago: Fergus Printing Co. 15 cents.
A Text- Book of General Astronomy for Colleges and
Scientific Schools. By Charles A. Young, Ph.D., LL.D.
Large 8vo, pp. 551. Ginn & Co. $2.50.
Elements of the Integral Calculus. With a Key to the
Solution of Differential Equations, and a Short Table
of Integrals. By William Elwood Byerly, Ph.D. Sec.
ond Edition, Revised and Enlarged. 8vo, pp. 370. Gion &
(o. $2.15.
Elements of Plane Analytic Geometry. By John D.
Runkle. 8vo, pp. 344. Ginn & Co. $2.00.
dllen and Greenough's Latin Grammar. For Schools
and Colleges. Founded on Comparative Grammar.
Revised and Enlarged by James Bradstreet Green.
ough, assisted by George L. Kittredge. 12mo, pp. 488.
Ginn & Co. $1.35.
An Illustrated Primer. By Sarah Fuller. Illustrated
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TIIE CORRESPONDENCE L JUST PUBLISHED.
OF
A beautifully printed and charmingly illustrated
JOHN LOTHROP MOTLEY -
edition of
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THROUGH THE HEART OF ASIA, ENGLISH MEN OF ACTION,
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280
THỂ DIAL
[March, 1889.
“The Senses and the Will," Volume VII. of " The Inter-
have been collected, bearing on inan's interpretation of
from earlier writings have been prefixed to illustrate
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