569 The DialMarianne Moore º º 7-sºn º Fº º - T . - - - º º -Tºº Tº 2Nº THE DIAL *** - * * *- c/1 Semi-Monthly journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information, VOLUME XV. JULY 1 TO DECEMBER 16, 1893. CHICAGO : THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. 1893. |III co m C5 »D '»' -!M. ' 'X>J ^ > ?s OP> KjD >>% ■9m 11 MEM ■>S- > •}' > V > ) ■)■■'' &&a Ar THE DIAL --- - * * *- c/1 Semi-Monthly journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information, VOLUME XV. JULY 1 TO DECEMBER 16, 1893. CHICAGO : THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. 1893. 1W. IND EX. NEWSPAPER SYMPOSIUM, A . OLD HoPE IN A NEW LIGHT, AN OLD-TIME DAYS IN NEw ENGLAND . PARKMAN, FRANCIS - - PoETRY, RECENT Books of . . . . . PoliticAL EconoMy, A NEw HISTORY OF PURLIC LIBRARIES OF THE UNITED STATEs . RADCLIFFE College. . . . . . . . . RAILwAY FINANCE, PROBLEMS OF . . . “RECoLLECTIONS OF A HAPPY LIFE,” MoR - REconcILIATION of HISTORY AND RELIGION IN CRITICISM REPUBLIC of TExAs, THE, AND ITS PRESIDENT . Roma NCE, THE PERSISTENCE OF THE . . . . . . RUss IA AND THE RUSSIANs, As SEEN THROUGH FRIENDLY SALVINI's AUTOBIOGRAPHY Scott's LETTERs . . . . . . . . . . SocIAL SPIRIT IN AMERICA, THE . . . . SPENCER ON THE PRINCIPLEs of BENEFICENCE . SUMNER, CHARLEs, THE PUBLIC CAREER of . TARIFF ON Books, THE . . . . . TRANS-SIBERIAN SAVAGES, LIFE witH TYNDALL, John . . . . . . . . . . . . . TYNDALL, John, BIOGRAPHY AND BIBLIOGRAPHY OF UNITY of FAITH, THE VEHICLE of HEREDITY, THE WHITMANIANA . . . . - - WRITER AND HIs HIRE, THE . . POETRY. BALLADE To A BookMAN - - CoNGREve, WILLIAM (Sonnet) . . . CoNSUELo (Two Sonnets) . . . . . . . . . ToweR of FLAME (The White City, July 10, 1893) SoNNET on THE Colum BIAN Exposition - William Morton Payne William Morton Payne O. L. Elliott - A. C. Miller John Bascom . Richard Burton Rasmus B. Anderson James B. Runnion Joseph Henry Crooker Paul Shorey . . . William Henry Smith Frederick Starr John Bascom - - - Henry L. Osborn . . . . William Morton Payne . Francis Howard Williams Marian Mead . . . W. R. Perkins . . R. W. Gilder . Harriet Monroe 79 141 219 287 40, 265 336 327 380 185 64 146 257 380 222 298 384 17 387 33 330 338 377 379 392 143 390 211 289 135 330 27 177 177 331 290 254 108 SoNNET ON THE ColumbiaN Exposition . . . . . William P. Trent . . . . COMMUNICATIONS. NEw York Topics. Arthur Stedman - - - - - - - - 196, 232, 273, 302, 351, 402 Breach of Idiom. F. H. . . . . . . . . . 85 | Newman, Cardinal, Versus Se. F. H. . . . . Columbian Celebration a Hundred Years Ago. Newspapers and their Constituencies. George James L. Onderdonk . . . . . . . . 140 Henry Cleveland - - - - - - - - Daily Papers and their Readers. J. H. Crooker 179 || Newspapers, The Improvement of. C. K. Adams Decorative Sculpture at the Fair, and Its Preser- “New Theology” and Quackery. Leon A. Harvey vation. A Travelling European . . . . 255 || “None but They, ” etc. F. H. . . . . . . Disclaimer and Explanation. F. H. 383 | Old Dominion, “Airs and Manners” in the East and west once More celia Parker wooley gig | Pardonati. Fºrgetting, A. Rºo, williams . English Drama at the Universities. C. 63 | Perhaps an Error. R. O. Williams Geographical Importance of Tomfoolery. D. Hw. 217 | . Perhaps an Error.” R. O. Williams John Bull, What Shall We Do With ? Jonathan 382 Poe, Mr. John Burroughs on. Library of the Chicago University. W. I. Fletcher 382 | Slang, The Use and Abuse of. Brander Mat- Literary Art, Concerning. D. H. Wheeler . . 290 thews - - - - - - - - - - - - Literary Style, A Curiosity of. W. H. Johnson 256 Slang, The Use and Abuse of. Pitts Duffield Literature, Creative Art in. John G. Dow . . 331 Unauthoritative Authority. R. O. Williams. Literature, A “Western Style” in, A. H. M. , 256 || Worthy Journal, A, Frederick Starr . . E. E. Hale, Jr. . 179 382 218 8 63 254 108 86 109 290 IND EX. W. MISCELLANEOUS. Authors and Publishers, Personal Agreements be- Jowett, Theodore Watts's Sonnets to 353 tween . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 || Lang, Andrew, Verses to . . . . . . . 304 Authors' Congress, English views of the 158 Literary Workers, Organization among . . 198 Authors’ Congress in Germany 157 | Lowell, Memorial to, in Westminster Abbey. 352 Authorship, Tribulations of . . . . . . . 235 | Macmillan & Co., Sketch of house of . - 121 Bassett, Lieut. Fletcher S., Death of . . . . 274 || Maupassant, Guy de, Death of 73 Besant, Walter, Letter from, on Authors' Congress 74 Nettleship, Professor, Death of 73 Booth, Edwin, Tributes to . . . . . . 352 | Newspaper Press, Progress of the 275 Browning, Mrs., Newly-printed Letters of 304 || Portuguese Literature - - 7 Chicago Massacre, Memorial of the 159 || Robinson, A. Mary F., Sonnet by 198 Church, Alfred, Poem by . . . . 199 || Shelley and Tennyson, Memorials to . . . 21 Coleridge Manuscript, Recovery of a 49 Shelley MSS. given to the Bodleian Library . 198 Comédie Française in London 7 | Symonds, J. A., Funeral of . . . . . . 197 Copyright Conference at Barcelona . - 304 University Library, Mr. Woodruff on the Uses Dobson, Austin, A Fragment from . . . . 304 of the . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305 Emerson and Browning, Freeman's Opinion o 275 Wagner Cult in Paris - - - - 304 FitzGerald, Edward, Verses to, by Edmund Gosse Walton's Angler, A Rare Copy of 234 and Theodore Watts . . . . . . . . 275 | Western Literature, Eastern Comment on 234 Iconoclast Society, Need of an - - 122 | Whittier's Love of Home . 198 Jowett, Prof. Jebb's Tribute to . . . . 353 || Zola and Oscar Wilde . 275 ANNoUNCEMENTs of FALL Books, 1893 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 BRIEFs on NEw Books . 19, 45, 70, 95, 118, 149, 193, 228, 269, 300 BRIEFER MENTION - - - - - - - . 21, 48, 73, 97, 120, 196, 231, 272, 302 LiTERARY NotEs AND MISCELLANY . 21, 48, 73, 97, 121, 157, 197,233,274, 303, 352,403 Topics IN LEADING PERIodicals - 22, 49, 74, 122, 199, 235, 276, 305, 404 LISTs of NEw Books . 22, 50, 98, 122, 199, 235, 276, 306, 353, 404 AUTHORS AND TITLES OF BOOKS REVIEWED. Abrantés, Laura, Duchess of. Autobiography 303 || Beckford, William. Wathek . . . . . . . .344 Across France in a Caravan . . . . . . . .396 || Bede, Cuthbert. The Adventures of Verdant Addams, Jane, and others. Philanthropy and So- Green . . . . . . . . . . . . .395 cial Science . . . . . . . . . . 20 Bell, Lillian. The Love Affairs of an Old Maid 99 Alcott, Louise. Comic Tragedies . . . . . 401 || Benson, E. F. Dodo . . . . . . . . . . . 340 Alden, Mrs. J. R. Stephen Mitchell's Journey 400 || Bentley, Arthur F. The Condition of the Western Alden, Mrs. J. R. Worth Having . . 401 Farmer . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Aldrich, T. B. Two Bites at a Cherry 343 || Benyowsky, Count de. Memoirs and Travels 72 Alger, Horatio, Jr. In a New World. . 399 || Besant, Walter. The Rebel Queen . . . 226 Andersen, Hans Christian. The Little Mermaid 400 | Bidgood, John. Course of Practical Biology 95 Andrews, C. M. The Old English Manor 260 | Bishop, William Henry. A House-hunter in Europe 195 Anstey, F. Mr. Punch's Pocket Ibsen . 45 Blackman, R. D. Dictionary of Foreign Phrases 231 Anstey, F. The Man from Blankley's . . . .346 | Blackmore, R. D. Lorna Doone . . 347 Appleton, William Hyde. Greek Poets in En- Block, Louis James. El Nuevo Mundo 41 glish Verse . . . . . . . . . . . 43 | Boies, Henry M. Prisoners and Paupers. 46 Appletons' General Guide, 1893 73 || Bolton, Sarah K. Famous Voyagers . . . . 399 Appletons' Picciola . . . . . 398 || Bonar, James. Philosophy and Political Economy 262 Archer, Thomas. Fleet Street . . . . 231 Bonner, John. Child's History of France 231 Ashley, Professor. English Economic History. 261 | Bonney, T. G. The Yearbook of Science. . 21 Bach, F. W. How to Judge a Horse . . . 232 | Bowen, H. Courthope. Froebel and Education . 195 Baldwin, James. Elegiac Verse . . . 231 || Bremer, Frederika. The Home . . . . . 397 Ballantyne, R. M. The Walrus Hunters . 401 || Brewer, R. F. Orthometry 72 Balmforth, Ramsden. The New Reformation . 263 Bridgman, Lewis. Odd Business - - - 400 Bamford, Mary E. Talks by Queer Folks 400 Brisbane, Redelia. Life of Albert Brisbane . . 229 Bancroft, H. H. The Book of the Fair . 120 | Brontë Sisters, The Novels of . 118, 196, 302 Bandelier, A. F. The Gilded Man - 389 | Brooks, Noah. Statesmen . . . . . . . 273 Bangs, John K. Half-hours with Jimmieboy 399 || Brown, Helen D. The Petrie Estate . 342 Bangs, John Kendrick. Toppleton's Client . 94 | Brown, T. E. Old John - - 41 Hart, Amelia E. The Bow of Orange Ribbon 348 || Bryant, W. C. Poems of Nature . . . . 398 Barrow, Sir John C. The Seven Cities of the Dead 268 Burnett, Frances Hodgson. The One I Knew the Barry, John. The Princess Margarethe . . 400 Best of All . . . . . . . . . . . 349 Beach, Daniel Nelson. The Newer Religious Bury, J. B. Freeman's Federal Government in Thinking . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Greece and Italy. . . . . . . . 194 vi. IND EX. Butler, Arthur J. A. Companion to Dante Butterworth, Hezekiah. The Boys of Greenway Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cable, George W., Novels of . . . . . . . Calderwood, Henry. Evolution and Man's Place in Nature . . . . . . . . . . . . Campbell, James Dykes. The Poetical Works of Coleridge . . . . . . . . . . . . Campbell, William W. The Dread Voyage Carlyle, Thomas. History of the French Revo- lution . . . . . . . . . . Carpe, Adolph. The Pianist . . . . . . . Carpenter, Edward. From Adam's Peak to Ele- phanta . . . . . . . . . . . . . Castlemon, Harry. Rodney the Overseer Catherwood, Mary H. Old Kaskaskia . . Catherwood, Mary H. The White Islander. Cawein, Madison. Red Leaves and Roses Century Gallery . Chamberlain, B. H. Japan . . . . . . . . . Champfleury. The Faience Violin . - - Champney, Elizabeth W. Six Boys . . . . Chapin, Willis O. Masters and Masterpieces of Engraving . - - - - - - - - - Cherbuliez, Victor. The Tutor's Secret . . . Claflin, Mary B. Personal Recollections of Whit- tier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clement, Clara E. The Queen of the Adriatic . Cole, Robert H. The Anglican Church . . . Collingwood, W. G. The Life and Work of John Ruskin . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cone, Orello. The Gospel . . . . Coolidge, Susan. The Barberry Bush. Coote, Eyre. With Thackeray in America Coryell, John R. Diccon the Bold . . . . . Cossa, Luigi. An Introduction to the Study of Political Economy . . . . . . . - Cox, Palmer. The Brownies at Home. Craik, Henry. English Prose . . . Crawford, F. Marion. Pietro Ghisleri. Crawford, F. Marion. Marion Darche Creevey, Caroline A. Recreations in Botany . Crooker, Joseph H. The New Bible and Its New Uses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crowell's Children's Favorite Classics . . . . Curtis, George William. Other Essays from the Easy Chair . . . . . . . . . . . Daudet, M. Letters from My Mill. Deland, Margaret. Mr. Tommy Dove . - Deland, Margaret. The Old Garden . . . . De Motte, John. The Secret of Character Building De Normandie, James. Four Sermons . . . Dictionary of National Biography, Vol. XXXV. Dobson, Austin. Memoir of Horace Walpole Dobson, Austin. Proverbs in Porcelain Dodge, T. A. Riders of Many Lands. Dole, Nathan Haskell. Not Angels Quite Doyle, A. Conan. My Friend the Murderer Doyle, A. Conan. The Refugees - Du Chaillu, Paul. Ivar the Viking - - Duffy, Bella. Tuscan Republics and Genoa . Duncan, Sara J. The Simple Adventures of a Memsahib . . . . . . . . . . . . Duval, Madame Delphine. Petite Histoire de la Littérature Française . . . . . . . . Dwight, James. Practical Lawn-Tennis . . Dyche, Lewis L. Camp-fires of a Naturalist Handbook for Travellers in 300 350 302 66 269 347 121 110 399 342 43 346 228 229 350 336 348 116 93 341 121 393 400 120 346 94 347 149 73 347 398 346 227 343 92 341 71 112 271 120 195 Earle, Alice Morse. Customs and Fashions in Old New England . . . . . . Ebers, Georg. The Story of My Life . Edwards, George W. Thumb-nail Sketches Elliot, Frances. Old Court Life in France Elliott, Sarah Barnwell. John Paget . Ellis, Edward S. Across Texas . . . . . . Ellis, Edward S. River and Wilderness Series Elton, Charles and Mary. The Great Book Col- lectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . English Dictionary of the Philological Society, Part VII. . . . . . . . . . . . . Estes & Lauriat's Ivanhoe Factors in American Civilization Farrar, Canon. Christmas Carols . - - Fawcett, Edgar. Songs of Doubt and Dream . Fielde, Adele M. Chinese Nights Entertainments Fielding, Henry, The Novels of - 118, Flower, B. O. In Civilization's Inferno Forbes, Edith E. The Children's Year-book Ford, Worthington C. The Writings of George Washington, Vol. XIV. . . . . . . . Fraser, Sir W. Hic et Ubique - Frederic, Harold. The Copperhead French, Henry W. Oscar Peterson . . . . Fuller, Edward. The Complaining Millions of Men Fuller, Henry B. The Cliff Dwellers . - Galton, Francis. Finger-Prints . Galton, Francis. Hereditary Genius Galton, Francis. Natural Inheritance . . . Gatty, Mrs. Alfred. Parables from Nature . Gayley, Charles M. The Classic Myths in En- glish Literature . . Gilder, Richard Watson. brance . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gilman, Bradley. The Musical Journey of Dor- othy and Delia . . . . . . . . . . Gilman, N. P. Socialism and the American Spirit Gladden, Washington. Tools and the Man . . Gordon, George A. The Witness to Immortality Gordon, Sir Arthur. The Earl of Aberdeen . Gordy, W. F. A Pathfinder in American History Gosse, Edmund. Questions at Issue . . . . Gower, Lord Ronald. Joan of Arc Grant, Robert. Jack Hall - - - Grant, Robert. Jack in the Bush . . . Gray, Jane Loring. Letters of Asa Gray . . Green, J. R. Short History of the English Peo- ple, illustrated edition . - - - - - Guérin, Eugénie de, Journal of - - - - Guiney, Louise Imogen. A Roadside Harp . Hale, Edward E. For Fifty Years - Halévy, M. The Abbé Constantin . . - Harden, William D. The Truth of Dogmatic Christianity . . . . . . . . . . . Harlow, Louis K. The World's Best Hymns Harper's Black and White Series, five new vol- unles - - - - - - - - Harper's Distaff Series, new volumes - Harper's New Monthly Magazine, Index to . Harrison, Constance C. Short Stories . Harrison, Joseph Le Roy. Cap and Gown - Harrison, Mrs. Burton. Sweet Bells Out of Tune Hart, A. B. Formation of the Union . . . . Hart, Ernest. Hypnotism, Mesmerism, and the New Witchcraft . . - - - - - - - Hays, Dudley G., and others. High School Lab- oratory Manual of Physics - - - - The Great Remem- 219 272 396 93 350 350 272 INDEX. vii - Henderson, C. R. Introduction to the Study of the Léon, Nestor Ponce de. The Caravels of Columbus 149 Dependent, Defective, and Delinquent Classes 263 Léon, Néstor Ponce de. The Columbus Gallery 149 Heinemann, Arnold H. Froebel's Letters 120 | Leroy-Beaulieu, Anatole. The Empire of the Henty, G. A. A Jacobite Exile 349 Tsars and the Russians . . . . . . 222 Henty, G. A. St. Bartholomew's Eve 349 Life, The Spiritual . . . . . 394 Henty, G. A. Through the Sikh War 349 || Lightfoot, J. B. Biblical Essays . . . . 394 Hibbard, George A. Nowadays . . . . . 228 Lillie, Arthur. The Influence of Buddhism . 146 Higby, C. D. A General Outline of Civil Gov- Linn, Thomas. The Health Resorts of Europe. 121 ernment . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Littledale, Harold. Essays on Tennyson's Idylls Higginson, T. W. English History for American of the King . . . . . . . . . 47, 95 Readers . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 || Lock, Walter. John Keble - . 19 - Holder, Charles F. Louis Agassiz . . . . . 48 || Loftie, W. J. Inigo Jones and Wren . . . . .395 Holmes, Kate R. Pictures from Nature and Life 397 || Longfellow, H. W. The Hanging of the Crane 347 Holmes, O. W. The Autocrat of the Breakfast Lowell, D. O. S. Jason's Quest . . . .399 Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345 || Lowell, James R. Conversations on Some of the Hopkins, F. P. Fishing Experiences of Half a Old Poets . - - - - - - 196 Century . . . . . . . . . . . . .301 || Lytton, Earl of. King Poppy . . . . . . 40 Hoppin, Emily H. From Out of the Past 93 || Mabie, H. W. Essays in Literary Interpretation 119 Horley, Engelhart. Sefton Church 272 | Mallet, C. E. The French Revolution . . . 47 Horton, Robert F. Verbum Dei . . . . . 147 || Marshall, A. Milnes. Vertebrate Embryology . 97 Hourwich, I. A. The Economics of the Russian Martin, E. S. Windfalls of Observation . . . 273 Willage. . . . . . . . . . . 261 || Marthold, Jules de. The History of a Bearskin . .348 Housman, Laurence. Selections from William Matthews, Brander. The Story of a Story 94 Blake . . . . . . . . . 48 || McClelland, M. G. Broadoaks . . . . . . 93 Hovey, Richard. Seaward . . . . . . . 43 | McCowan, H. S., and others. Under the Scarlet Howard, B. D. Life with Trans-Siberian Savages 338 and Black . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Howard, Blanche Willis. No Heroes . . . . 349 || Mead, Charles Marsh. Christ and Criticism 147 Howard, Oliver O. General Taylor - 39 || Meredith, Owen. Lucile . . . . . . . 397 Howells, W. D. The Coast of Bohemia . 340 | Merrill, Mary B. Helpful Word - - 398 Howitt, Mary. Sketches of Natural History 399 || Miller, Margaret. My Saturday Bird-class . 399 Hugo, Victor. Ruy Blas . . . . . . . 346 || Moeller, Wilhelm. History of the Christian Hume, Fergus. The Chronicles of Fairyland 349 Church . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Hurst, John F. Short History of the Christian Morfill, W. R. Story of Poland . . . . . 46 Church . . . . . . . . . . . 37 || Morgan, M. H. Xenophon's Art of Horsemanship 272 Huxley, Thomas. Evolution and Ethics . 269 || Morris, H. S. Lamb's Tales from Shakespeare 301 Irving, Henry. The Drama . . . . . . . 90 || Morris, O'Connor. Napoleon . . . . . . 150 Irving, Washington. Knickerbocker's History of Morse, John T., Jr. Abraham Lincoln 263 New York . . . . . . . . . . .347 || Muirhead, J. F. The United States 19 Isaacs, Abram S. Stories from the Rabbis 120 || Müller, F. Max. Theosophy . 148 Jackson, G. A. The Son of a Prophet - 341 || Munroe, Kirk. The Coral Ship . . . . .399 Jacobs, Joseph. More English Fairy Tales . 348 || Munroe, Kirk. The White Conquerors . . . 350 James, Henry. Picture and Text - 47 || Murphy, J. J. Natural Selection and Spiritual James, Henry. The Private Life 228 Freedom . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 James, Henry. The Wheel of Time . . .344 Myers, Frederick W. H. Science and a Future Janvier, Thomas A. An Embassy to Provence .. 300 Life . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Jenks, Tudor. The Century World's Fair Book 351 | Nash, F. P. Satires of Juvenal . . . . . . . . . 96 Jewett, Sarah O. Deephaven . . . . . . .347 | Newcomer, Alphonso G. A Practical Course in Jewsbury, Geraldine E. Letters to Jane Welsh English Composition - - - - - 196 Carlyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 | Newell, P. S. Topsys and Turvys . . . . . 348 Johnson, Clifton. The Country School . 400 | Newhall, Charles S. Shrubs of Northeastern Johnson, Emory R. Inland Waterways . . . 273 America . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Johnston, H. P. Correspondence and Public Pa- North, Marianne. Some Further Recollections . 64 pers of John Jay . . . . . . . . 48 || Norton, C. E. Letters of James Russell Lowell 291 Kavanagh, Julia. Woman in France During the Ober, Frederick A. In the Wake of Columbus 231 Eighteenth Century. . . . . . . . . .396 || Optic, Oliver. A Victorious Union . . . . . 350 Kebbel, T. E. The Agricultural Laborer 260 | Orndorff, W. R. Laboratory Manual . . 232 Šempis, Thomas à. The Imitation of Christ 398 || Otis, James. Jenny Wren's Boarding House 401 King, Grace. Jean Baptiste Le Moyne 96 || Page, Thomas Nelson. Collected Works 232 Kipling, Rudyard. Many Inventions . . . . 94 | Page, Thomas Nelson. Meh Lady. 347 Kirkland, Joseph. The Chicago Massacre of 1812 301 || Palmer, Lynde. A Question of Honor. . . . 401 Knight, E. F. Where Three Empires Meet . 9 || Parkes, Sir Henry. Fifty Years of Australian Šmight, William. Aspects of Theism . . . . .394 History. . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Knox, T. W. Boy Travellers in Southern Europe 350 | Parton, James. General Jackson 39 Lang, Andrew. Homer and the Epic . . . 15 Patmore, Coventry. Religio Poetae . 271 ſang, Andrew. Letters to Dead Authors 230 | Pearce, J. H. Drolls from Shadowland . . .301 Lang, Andrew. The True Story Book 349 || Peddie, Alexander. Recollections of Dr. John Léon, Néstor Ponce de Diccionario Tecnológico Brown . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Inglés Español . . . . . . . 194 | Pelham, H. F. Outlines of Roman History . 48 - - - - -） ---→ – ~~~~*=~ ~ ~ ~~~~！--~~~~ --- ---- -------））----- THE DIAL cA Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. VOLUME xv. July 1 to December 16, 189J. CHICAGO: THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. 189 J. INDEX TO VOL. XV. American Arch.eologist, An, and his Work . . . Arthur Howard Noll 389 American Copyright, A French View of 136 American History from an English Standpoint 181 American Naturalist, Life and Letters of an 333 American Public Schools G. T.W. Patrick 293 Anonymity in Literary Criticism 249 Art and Life Once More John Burroughs 287 Australian Builder, An John J. Halsey 114 Book-Hunters and their Vagaries W. Irving Way 296 Books for the Young 348, 399 Books of the Fall of 1893 135 Church History Re-edited Arthur Howard Noll 36 /'Congresses, The Auxiliary 59, 251 Congresses, The Authors' 27 •Congresses, The August 107 Congresses, The Education 81 Congresses, The Literature 5 Continental Literature, A Year of 55 Ebers's Autobiography 87 Economic and Social Science, Recent Tendencies in Edward W. Bemis 260 -Economic and Statistical Studies at Chicago . . J. J. Halsey 175 - Endowments of Culture in Chicago 285 English Prose Literature Oliver Farrar Emerson .... 116 Essays in Idleness, Miss Repplier's Edward E. Hale, Jr 225 Evolutionist's Alarm, An Paul Shorey 66 Fiction, Recent Books of William Morton Payne . . 92, 226, 340 Galton, Francis, The Works and Work of . . . Frederick Starr 12 Gosse's Puzzle over Poe John Burroughs 214 "Hero of New Orleans" and "Old Rough and Ready" Henry W. Thurston 39 Holiday Publications 344, 395 Homeric Question Once More, The Paul Shorey 15 Ibsen's Treatment of Self-Illusion Hjalmar H. Boyesen 137 India, Three New Books on 110 Insular Comment on an International Enterprise 329 Irving's Shylock Anna B. McMahan 215 Irving's Views on the Modern Drama .... Elwyn A. Barron 90 Joan of Arc, The Story of . Octave Thanet 67 Jowett, Benjamin 213 Kashmir and Western Tibet 9 Life Worth Living, A William Morton Payne .... 189 Lincoln: A Character Study John J. Halsey 263 — Literary Tributes to the World's Fair 176 -Literary West, The 173 Lowell's Letters 291 Master of Balliol, Press Tributes to the 253 Midway Review, A 105 New Witchcraft, The Joseph Jastrow 113 IV. INDEX. Newspaper Symposium, A Old Hope in a New Light, An William Morton Payne Old-Time Days in New England , Parkman, Francis Poetry, Recent Books op William Morton Payne Political Economy, A New History of .... 0. L. Elliott . . . . Public Libraries of the United States , Radcliffe College Railway Finance, Problems of A. C. Miller . . . "Recollections of a Happy Life," More Reconciliation of History and Religion in Criticism John Bascom . . . Republic of Texas, The, and Its President Romance, The Persistence of the Richard Burton . . Russia and the Russians, as Seen through Friendly Eyes Rasmus B. Anderson Salvini's Autobiography James B. Runnvm . Scott's Letters Social Spirit in America, The Joseph Henry Crooker Spencer on the Principles of Beneficence . . . Paid Shorey . . . Sumner, Charles, The Public Career of ... . William Henry Smith Tariff on Books, The Trans-Siberian Savages, Life with Frederick Starr . . Tyndall, John Tyndall, John, Biography and Bibliography of Unity of Faith, The John Bascom . . . Vehicle of Heredity, The Henry L. Osborn . . Whitmaniana . . . • William Morton Payne Writer and his Hire, The . 79 . 141 . 219 . 287 40, 265 . 336 . 327 . 380 . 185 . 64 . 146 . 257 . 380 222 298 384 17 387 33 330 338 377 379 392 143 390 211 POETRY. Ballade to a Bookman Francis Howard Williams Congreve, William (Sonnet) Marian Mead Consuelo (Two Sonnets) W. R. Perkins . . . . Tower of Flame (The White City, July 10, 1893) . R. W. Gilder Sonnet on the Columbian Exposition Harriet Monroe . . . . Sonnet on the Columbian Exposition William P. Trent ■ . 289 135 330 27 177 177 COMMUNICATIONS. New York Topics. Arthur Stedman 85 Breach of Idiom. F. H Columbian Celebration a Hundred Years Ago. James L. Onderdonk 140 Daily Papers and their Readers. J. H. Crooker 179 Decorative Sculpture at the Fair, and Its Preser- vation. A Travelling European .... 255 Disclaimer and Explanation. F. H 383 East and West Once More. Celia Parker Wooley 216 English Drama at the Universities. C. . . . Geographical Importance of Tomfoolery. D. H.W. John Bull, What Shall We Do With? Jonathan Library of the Chicago University. W. I. Fletcher Literary Art, Concerning. D. H. Wheeler . . Literary Style, A Curiosity of. W. H. Johnson Literature, Creative Art in. John G. Dow . Literature, A " Western Style" in, A. H. M. ■ 63 217 382 382 290 256 331 256 190,232,273,302,351,402 Newman, Cardinal, Versus Se. F. H 331 Newspapers and their Constituencies. George Henry Cleveland 290 Newspapers, The Improvement of. C. K. Adams 254 "New Theology " and Quackery. Leon A. Harvey 108 « None but They, "etc. F. H 179 Old Dominion, "Airs and Maimers " in the . . 382 Pardonable Forgetting, A. R. O. Williams . . 218 Perhaps an Error. R. O. Williams .... 8 "Perhaps an Error." R. O. Williams ... 63 Poe, Mr. John Burroughs on. E. E. Hale, Jr. . 254 Slang, The Use and Abuse of. Brander Mat- thews 108 Slang, The Use and Abuse of. Pitts Dufficld . 86 Unauthoritative Authority. R. O. Williams. . 109 Worthy Journal, A, Frederick Starr .... 290 INDEX. v. MISCELLANEOUS. Authors and Publishers, Personal Agreements be- tween 197 Authors' Congress, English views of the . . . 158 Authors' Congress in Germany 157 Authorship, Tribulations of 235 Bassett, Lieut. Fletcher S., Death of .... 274 Besant, Walter, Letter from, on Authors' Congress 74 Booth, Edwin, Tributes to 352 Browning, Mrs., Newly-printed Letters of . . 304 Chicago Massacre, Memorial of the .... 159 Church, Alfred, Poem by 199 Coleridge Manuscript, Recovery of a ... 49 Come'die Francaise in London 7 Copyright Conference at Barcelona 304 Dobson, Austin, A Fragment from 304 Emerson and Browning, Freeman's Opinion of . 275 FitzGerald, Edward, Verses to, by Edmund Gosse and Theodore Watts 275 Iconoclast Society, Need of an 122 Jowett, Prof. Jebb's Tribute to 353 Announcements of Fall Books, 1893 .... Briefs on New Books Briefer Mention Literary Notes and Miscellany Topics in Leading Periodicals Lists of New Books Jowett, Theodore Watts's Sonnets to ... . 353 Lang, Andrew, Verses to 304 Literary Workers, Organization among . . . 198 Lowell, Memorial to, in Westminster Abbey . . 352 Macmillan & Co., Sketch of house of ... 121 Maupassant, Guy de, Death of 73 Nettleship, Professor, Death of 73 Newspaper Press, Progress of the 275 Portuguese Literature 7 Robinson, A. Mary F., Sonnet by 198 Shelley and Tennyson, Memorials to ... 21 Shelley MSS. given to the Bodleian Library . . 198 Symonds, J. A., Funeral of 197 University Library, Mr. Woodruff on the Uses of the 305 Wagner Cult in Paris 304 Walton's Angler, A Rare Copy of 234 Western Literature, Eastern Comment on . . 234 Whittier's Love of Home 198 Zola and Oscar Wilde 275 161 ... 19, 45, 70, 95, 118, 149, 193, 228, 269, 300 21, 48, 73, 97, 120, 196, 231, 272, 302 21, 48, 73, 97, 121, 157, 197, 233, 274, 303, 352, 403 .... 22, 49, 74, 122, 199, 235, 276, 305, 404 . . .22, 50, 98, 122, 199, 235, 276, 306, 353, 404 AUTHORS AND TITLES OF BOOKS REVIEWED. Abrantes, Laura, Duchess of. Autobiography . 303 Across France in a Caravan 396 Addams, Jane, and others. Philanthropy and So- cial Science 20 Alcott, Louise. Comic Tragedies 401 Alden, Mrs. J. R. Stephen Mitchell's Journey 400 Alden, Mrs. J. R. Worth Having 401 Aldricb, T. B. Two Bites at a Cherry ... 343 Alger, Horatio, Jr. In a New World .... 399 Andersen, Hans Christian. The Little Mermaid 400 Andrews, C. M. The Old English Manor . . 260 Anstey, F. Mr. Punch's Pocket Ibsen ... 45 Anstey, F. The Man from Blankley's . . . 346 Appleton, William Hyde. Greek Poets in En- glish Verse 43 Appletons' General Guide, 1893 73 Appletons' Picciola 398 Archer, Thomas. Fleet Street 231 Ashley, Professor. English Economic History . 261 Bach, F. W. How to Judge a Horse .... 232 Baldwin, James. Elegiac Verse 231 Ballantyne, R. M. The Walrus Hunters . . 401 Balmforth, Ramsden. The New Reformation . 263 Bamford, Mary E. Talks by Queer Folks . . 400 Bancroft, H. H. The Book of the Fair ... 120 Bandeber, A. F. The Gilded Man .... 389 Bangs, John K. Half-hours with Jimmieboy . 399 Bangs, John Kendrick. Toppleton's Client . . 94 Barr, Amelia E. The Bow of Orange Ribbon . 348 Barrow, Sir John C. The Seven Cities of the Dead 268 Barry, John. The Princess Margarethe . . . 400 Beach, Daniel Nelson. The Newer Religious Thinking 147 Beckford, William. Vathek 344 Bede, Cuthbert. The Adventures of Verdant Green 395 Bell, Lillian. The Love Affairs of an Old Maid 99 Benson, E. F. Dodo 340 Bentley, Arthur F. The Condition of the Western Farmer 261 Benyowsky, Count de. Memoirs and Travels . 72 Besant, Walter. The Rebel Queen .... 226 Bidgood, John. Course of Practical Biology . 95 Bishop,William Henry. A House-hunter in Europe 195 Blackman, R. D. Dictionary of Foreign Phrases 231 Blackmore, R. D. Lorna Donne 347 Block, Louis James. El Nuevo Mundo ... 41 Boies, Henry M. Prisoners and Paupers ... 46 Bolton, Sarah K. Famous Voyagers .... 399 Bonar, James. Philosophy and Political Economy 262 Bonner, John. Child's History of France . . 231 Bouney, T. G. The Yearbook of Science ... 21 Bowen, H. Courthope. Froebel and Education . 195 Bremer, Frederika. The Home 397 Brewer, R. F. Orthometry 72 Bridgman, Lewis. Odd Business 400 Brisbane, Redelia. Life of Albert Brisbane . . 229 Bronte Sisters, The Novels of . . . 118, 196, 302 Brooks, Noah. Statesmen 273 Brown, Helen D. The Petrie Estate .... 342 Brown, T. E. Old John 41 Bryant, W. C. Poems of Nature 398 Burnett, Frances Hodgson. The One I Knew the Best of All 349 Bury, J. B. Freeman's Federal Government in Greece and Italy 194 INDEX. Butler, Arthur J. A Companion to Dante . . 300 Butterworth, Hezekiah. The Boys of Greenway Court 350 Cable, George W., Novels of 302 Calderwood, Henry. Evolution and Man's Place in Nature 66 Campbell, James Dykes. The Poetical Works of Coleridge 44 Campbell, William W. The Dread Voyage . 269 Carlyle, Thomas. History of the French Revo- lution 347 Carpe", Adolph. The Pianist 121 Carpenter, Edward. From Adam's Peak to Ele- phanta 110 Castlemon, Harry. Rodney the Overseer . . 399 Catherwood, Mary H. Old Kaskaskia ... 94 Catherwood, Mary H. The White Islander . . 342 Cawein, Madison. Red Leaves and Roses . . 43 Century Gallery 346 Chamberlain, B. H. Handbook for Travellers in Japan 48 Champfleury. The Faience Violin 228 Champney, Elizabeth W. Six Boys .... 349 Chapin, Willis O. Masters and Masterpieces of Engraving 344 Cherbuliez, Victor. The Tutor's Secret . . . 228 Claflin, Mary B. Personal Recollections of Whit- tier 270 Clement, Clara E. The Queen of the Adriatic . 345 Cole, Robert H. The Anglican Church ... 38 Collingwood, W. G. The Life and Work of John Ruskin 189 Cone, Orello. The Gospel 148 Coolidge, Susan. The Barberry Bush .... 401 Coote, Eyre. With Thackeray in America . . 229 Coryell, John R. Diccon the Bold 350 Cossa, Luigi. An Introduction to the Study of Political Economy 336 Cox, Palmer. The Brownies at Home.... 348 Craik, Henry. English Prose 116 Crawford, F. Marion. Pietro Ghisleri.... 93 Crawford, F. Marion. Marion Darche . . . 341 Creevey, Caroline A. Recreations in Botany . 121 Crooker, Joseph H. The New Bible and Its New Uses 393 Crowell's Children's Favorite Classics .... 400 Curtis, George William. Other Essays from the Easy Chair 120 Daudet, M. Letters from My Mill 346 Deland, Margaret. Mr. Tommy Dove ... 94 Deland, Margaret. The Old Garden .... 347 De Motte, John. The Secret of Character Building 149 De Normandie, James. Four Sermons ... 21 Dictionary of National Biography, Vol. XXXV. 73 Dobson, Austin. Memoir of Horace Walpole . 347 Dobson, Austin. Proverbs in Porcelain . . 398 Dodge, T. A. Riders of Many Lands .... 346 Dole, Nathan Haskell. Not Angels Quite . . 227 Doyle, A. Conan. My Friend the Murderer . 343 Doyle, A. Conan. The Refugees 92 Du Chaillu, Paul. Ivar the Viking .... 341 Duffy, Bella. Tuscan Republics and Genoa . . 71 Duncan, Sara J. The Simple Adventures of a Memsahib 112 Duval, Madame Delphine. Petite Histoire de la LittCrature Francaiso 271 Dwight, James. Practical Lawn-Tennis . . . 120 Dyche, Lewis L. Camp-fires of a Naturalist . 195 Earle, Alice Morse. Customs and Fashions in Old New England 219 Ebers, Georg. The Story of My Life .... 87 Edwards, George W. Thumb-nail Sketches . 272 Elliot, Frances. Old Court Life in France . . 396 Elliott, Sarah Barnwell. John Paget .... 93 Ellis, Edward S. Across Texas 350 Ellis, Edward S. River and Wilderness Series 350 Elton, Charles and Mary. The Great Book Col- lectors 296 English Dictionary of the Philological Society, Part VII 96 Estes & Lauriat's Ivanhoe 395 Factors in American Civilization 271 Farrar, Canon. Christmas Carols 398 Fawcett, Edgar. Songs of Doubt and Dream . 42 Fielde, Adele M. Chinese Nights Entertainments 346 Fielding, Henry, The Novels of .... 118,302 Flower, B. O. In Civilization's Inferno ... 95 Forbes, Edith E. The Children's Year-book . 401 Ford, Worthington C. The Writings of George Washington, Vol. XIV 232 Fraser, SirW. Hie et Ubique 300 Frederic, Harold. The Copperhead .... 341 French, Henry W. Oscar Peterson .... 401 Fuller, Edward. The Complaining Millions of Men 227 Fuller, Henry B. The Cliff Dwellers .... 227 Galton, Francis. Finger-Prints 12 Galton, Francis. Hereditary Genius .... 12 Galton, Francis. Natural Inheritance .... 12 Gatty, Mrs. Alfred. Parables from Nature . . 397 Gayley, Charles M. The Classic Myths in En- glish Literature 194 Gilder, Richard Watson. The Great Remem- brance 265 Gilman, Bradley. The Musical Journey of Dor- othy and Delia 348 Gilman, N. P. Socialism and the American Spirit 17 Gladden, Washington. Tools and the Man . . 17 Gordon, George A. The Witness to Immortality 393 Gordon, Sir Arthur. The Earl of Aberdeen . . 119 ■ Gordy, W. F. A Pathfinder in American History 119 Gosse, Edmund. Questions at Issue .... 193 Gower, Lord Ronald. Joan of Arc .... 67 Grant, Robert. Jack Hall 400 Grant, Robert. Jack in the Bush . . . . • 400 Gray, Jane Loring. Letters of Asa Gray . 333 Green, J. R. Short History of the English Peo- ple, illustrated edition 21 Gue"rin, Euge'nie de, Journal of 397 Guiney, Louise Imogen. A Roadside Harp . . 266 Hale, Edward E. For Fifty Years .... 265 HaleVy, M. The Abbe" Constantin 397 Harden, William D. The Truth of Dogmatic Christianity 147 Harlow, Louis K. The World's Best Hymns . 397 Harper's Black and White Series, five new vol- umes 97 Harper's Distaff Series, new volumes .... 120 Harper's New Monthly Magazine, Index to . . 272 Harrison, Constance C. Short Stories .... 343 Harrison, Joseph Le Roy. Cap and Gown . 43 Harrison, Mrs. Burton. Sweet Bells Out of Tune 342 Hart, A. B. Formation of the Union .... 195 Hart, Ernest. Hypnotism, Mesmerism, and the New Witchcraft 113 Hays, Dudley G., and others. High School Lab- oratory Manual of Physics 272 INDEX. Vll Henderson, C. R. Introduction to the Study of the Dependent, Defective, and Delinquent Classes 263 Heiuemann, Arnold H. Froebel's Letters . . 120 Henty, G. A. A Jacobite Exile 349 Henty, G. A. St. Bartholomew's Eve ... 349 Henty, G. A. Through the Sikh War ... 349 Hibbard, George A. Nowadays 228 Higby, C. D. A General Outline of Civil Gov- ernment 272 Higginson, T. W. English History for American Readers 231 Holder, Charles F. Louis Agassiz 48 Holmes, Kate R. Pictures from Nature and Life 397 Holmes, O. W. The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table 345 Hopkins, F. P. Fishing Experiences of Half a Century 301 Hoppin, Emily H. From Out of the Past . . 93 Horley, Engelhart. Sefton Church .... 272 Horton, Robert F. Verbum Dei 147 Hourwich, I. A. The Economics of the Russian Village 261 Housman, Laurence. Selections from William Blake 48 Hovey, Richard. Seaward 43 Howard, B. D. Life with Trans-Siberian Savages 338 Howard, Blanche Willis. No Heroes .... 349 Howard, Oliver O. General Taylor .... 39 Howells, W. D. The Coast of Bohemia ... 340 Howitt, Mary. Sketches of Natural History . 399 Hugo, Victor. Ruy Bias 346 Hume, Fergus. The Chronicles of Fairyland . 349 Hurst, John F. Short History of the Christian Church 37 Huxley, Thomas. Evolution and Ethics . . . 269 Irving, Henry. The Drama 90 Irving, Washington. Knickerbocker's History of New York 347 Isaacs, Abrain S. Stories from the Rabbis . . 120 Jackson, G. A. The Son of a Prophet ... 341 Jacobs, Joseph. More English Fairy Tales . . 348 James, Henry. Picture and Text 47 James, Henry. The Private Life 228 James, Henry. The Wheel of Time .... 344 Janvier, Thomas A. An Embassy to Provence . 300 Jenks, Tudor. The Century World's Fair Book 351 Jewett, Sarah O. Deephaven 347 Jewsbury, Geraldine E. Letters to Jane Welsh Carlyle 20 Johnson, Clifton. The Country School . . . 400 Johnson, Emory R. Inland Waterways . . . 273 Johnston, H. P. Correspondence and Public Pa- pers of John Jay 48 Kavonagh, Julia. Woman in France During the Eighteenth Century 396 Kebbel, T. E. The Agricultural Laborer . . 260 Kempis, Thomas a. The Imitation of Christ . 398 King, Grace. Jean Baptiste Le Moyne ... 96 Kipling, Rudyard. Many Inventions .... 94 Kirkland, Joseph. The Chicago Massacre of 1812 301 Knight, E. F. Where Three Empires Meet . . 9 Knight, William. Aspects of Theism .... 394 Knox, T. W. Boy Travellers in Southern Europe 350 Lang, Andrew. Homer and the Epic .... 15 Lang, Andrew. Letters to Dead Authors . . 230 Lang, Andrew. The True Story Book . . . 349 Le*on, Nestor Ponce de. Diccionario Tecnoldgico Ingle's Espaiiol 194 Leon, Nestor Ponce de. The Caravels of Columbus 149 Leon, Nestor Ponce de. The Columbus Gallery 149 Leroy-Beaulieu, Anatole. The Empire of the Tsars and the Russians 222 Life, The Spiritual 394 Lightfoot, J. B. Biblical Essays 394 Lillk', Arthur. The Influence of Buddhism . . 146 Linn, Thomas. The Health Resorts of Europe . 121 Littledale, Harold. Essays on Tennyson's Idylls of the King 47, 95 Lock, Walter. John Keble 19 • Loftie, W. J. Inigo Jones and Wren .... 395 Longfellow, H. W. The Hanging of the Crane 347 Lowell, D. O. S. Jason's Quest 399 Lowell, James R. Conversations on Some of the Old Poets 196 Lytton, Earl of. King Poppy 40 Mabie, H. W. Essays in Literary Interpretation 119 Mallet, C. E. The French Revolution ... 47 Marshall, A. Milnes. Vertebrate Embryology . 97 Martin, E. S. Windfalls of Observation . . . 273 Marthold, Jules de. The History of a Bearskin . 348 Matthews, Brander. The Story of a Story . . 94 McClelland, M. G. Broadoaks 93 McCowan, H. S., and others. Under the Scarlet and Black 43 Mead, Charles Marsh. Christ and Criticism . 147 Meredith, Owen. Lucile 397 Merrill, Mary B. Helpful Words 398 Miller, Margaret. My Saturday Bird-class . . 399 Moeller, Wilhelm. History of the Christian Church 36 Morfill, W. R. Story of Poland 46 Morgan, M. H. Xenophon's Art of Horsemanship 272 Morris, H. S. Lamb's Tales from Shakespeare 301 Morris, O'Connor. Nopoleon 150 Morse, John T., Jr. Abraham Lincoln . . . 263 Muirhead, J. F. The United States .... 19 Miiller, F. Max. Theosophy 148 Munroe, Kirk. The Coral Ship 399 Munroe, Kirk. The White Conquerors . 350 Murphy, J. J. Natural Selection and Spiritual Freedom 394 Myers, Frederick W. H. Science and a Future Life 141 Nash, F. P. Satires of Juvenal 96 Newcomer, Alphonso G. A Practical Course in English Composition 196 Newell, P. S. Topsys and Turvys 348 Newhall, Charles S. Shrubs of Northeastern America 73 North, Marianne. Some Further Recollections . 64 Norton, C. E. Letters of James Russell Lowell 291 Ober, Frederick A. In the Wake of Columbus 231 Optic, Oliver. A Victorious Union .... 350 Orndorff, W. R. Laboratory Manual .... 232 Otis, James. Jenny Wren's Boarding House . 401 Page, Thomas Nelson. Collected Works . . 232 Page, Thomas Nelson. Meh Lady 347 Palmer, Lynde. A Question of Honor . . . 401 Parkes, Sir Henry. Fifty Years of Australian History 114 Parton, James. General Jackson 39 Patmore, Coventry. Religio Poeta .... 271 Pearce, J. H. Drolls from Shadow-land . . . 301 Peddie, Alexander. Recollections of Dr. John Brown 119 Pclliam, H. F. Outlines of Roman History . . 48 ▼111. INDEX. Pennell, Joseph and Elizabeth. To Gipsyland . 301 Philips, Melville. The Making of a Newspaper 120 Piepenbring, Ch. Theology of the Old Testament 393 Pierce, E. L. Memoir and Letters of Charles Sumner 33 Plympton, Miss A. G. Robin's Recruit . . . 400 Poems by Two Brothers 40 Potter, J. H. Under Cotton Canvas .... 47 Powell, Henry. The Buccaneers of America . 272 Preble, Henry. Latin Lessons 73 Publishers' Exhibits at the World's Fair ... 302 Ralph, Julian. Our Great West 302 Rami?, Louisa de la (Ouida). A Dog of Flanders 349 Ramsay, W. M. The Church in the Roman Em- pire 36 Rawnsley, H. D. Valete 267 Ray, Anna Chapin. Margaret Davis, Tutor . . 401 Reade, Charles. The Cloister and the Hearth . 345 Redgrave, Richard. A Century of Painters . . 398 Reed, Elizabeth A. Persian Literature ... 20 Renton, William. Outlines of English Literature 71 Repplier, Agnes. Essays in Idleness .... 225 Reynolds, M. T. Housing of the Poor ... 262 Rhoades, James. Teresa 268 Rhoades, James. The /Eneid in English Verse 44 Rice, J. M. The Public-School System of the U. S. 293 Richards, Laura E. Glimpses of the French Court 347 Richards, Laura E. Melody 349 Roberts, C. G. D. Songs of the Common Day, and Ave 268 Robinson, A. Mary F. Retrospect 267 Rocheterie, M. de la. Life of Marie Antoinette 395 Rogers, Clara Kathleen. The Philosophy of Sing- ing 121 Roosevelt, Theodore. The Wilderness Hunter . 149 Saint-Amand, Imbert de. The Court of Louis XIV 230 Saint-Amand, Imbert de. Women of the Valois Court 72 Salvini, Tomaso, Autobiography of 298 Sangster, Margaret E. On the Road Home . . 267 Sargent, John Osborne. Horatian Echoes . . 44 Savage, M. J. Jesus and Modern Life . . . 393 Scidmore, Eliza R. Guide-Book to Alaska . . 73 Scott, E. H. Madison's Journal of the Federal Convention 97 - Scott, Sir Walter, Familiar Letters of ... . 384 Scudder, Samuel H. The Commoner Butterflies of the Northern United States . . . . • 120 Scudder, Samuel H. The Life of a Butterfly . 120 Seawell, Molly Elliot. Paul Jones 399 Seelye, Elizabeth E. The Story of Washington 350 Sesselberg, Martha F. In Amazon Land ... 97 Shakespeare, The "Ariel," second group . . . 232 Shedd, Wm. G. T. Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy 392 Sheridan, R. B. The Rivals 346 Shoemaker, M. M. Eastward to the Land of the Morning 113 Siegfried, Professor. The Book of Job ... 72 Sienkiewicz, Henryk. Yanko the Musician . . 343 Smetham, James. Literary Works .... 228 Smith, Goldwin. The United States .... 181 Smith, G. Vance. The Bible and Its Theology . 393 Spencer, Herbert. The Principles of Ethics . 387 Spofford, Mrs. O. M. A Norse Romance . . 347 Stables, Gordon. Westward with Columbus . . 399 Stanley, Henry M. My Dark Companions . . 399 Stebbing, Thomas R. R. A History of Crustacea 120 Steel, Mrs. F. A. Miss Stuart's Legacy ... 340 Stephen, Leslie. An Agnostic's Apology ... 45 Stevenson, Robert Louis. David Balfour . . 226 Stoddard, W. O. Guert Ten Eyck .... 350 Stoddard, W. O. Men of Business 273 Stoddard, W. O. On the Old Frontier ... 350 Stoddard, W. O. The White Cave .... 400 Sturgis, Russell, and others. Homes in City and Country 48 Sullivan, T. R. Day and Night Stories ... 94 Sumner, Charles. The True Grandeur of Nations 232 Sumner, William G. Robert Morris .... 96 • Sunderland, Jabez T. The Bible 393 Sweet, Henry. A Manual of Current Shorthand 97 Sykes, J. F. J. Public Health Problems ... 48 Symonds, J. A. Studies of the Greek Poets . . 70 Tabb, John B. An Octave to Mary .... 73 Tarducci, F. John and Sebastian Cabot . . . 273 - Thanet, Octave. An Adventure in Photography 46 Thompson, Edward M. Greek and Latin Palae- ography 119 Thoreau's Works, Riverside Edition .... 302 Tout, T. F. Edward the First 120 Traubel, H. L., and others. In Re Walt Whitman 390 Trigg, Oscar L. Browning and Whitman . . 20 Tristram, W. Outram. Coaching Days and Ways 196 Trowbridge, J. T. Woodie Thorpe's Pilgrimage 400 Trumbull, William. The White Canoe ... 397 Tuckwell, W. The Ancient Ways 150 Underwood, F. H. Builders of American Liter- ature 272 Underwood, F. H. The Poet and the Man . . 21 Under King Constaiitine 43 Venable, W. H. Let Him First Be a Man . . 195 Van Dyke, H. D. The Christ-Child in Art . . 346 Van Oss, S. F. American Railroads as Investments 185 Van Rennselaer, Mrs. Schuyler. Art Out of Doors 193 Wagner, Charles. Youth 150 Waldo, Frank. Modern Meteorology .... 48 Waldstein, Charles. The Work of John Ruskin 270 Wallace, George R. Princeton Sketches ... 73 Wallace, Lew. The Prince of India .... 226 Ward, Julius H. Life and Times of Bishop White 97 Ware, William. Aurelian 348 Watson, William. The Eloping Angels ... 41 Webster, Augusta, Selections from the Verse of 268 Wedmore, Frederick. Pastorals of France; Re- nunciations 343 Weismann, August. The Germ-Plasm . . . 143 West, Max. The Inheritance Tax 262 Wetherell, J. E. Later Canadian Poems . . . 269 Wheeler, Candace. Household Art .... 230 Whishaw, F. J. Out of Doors in Tsarland . . 120 Wiggin, Kate Douglas. The Kindergarten . . 230 Wilder, Daniel W. Life of Shakespeare . . . 271 , Williams, Alfred M. Sam Houston .... 257 Wilson, Sir Charles W., and others. The City and the Land 97 Winter, William. Shakespeare's England, illus- trated edition 231 ■ Wood, James. Dictionary of Quotations . . . 273 Wright, Elizur. The Fables of La Fontaine . 345 Wright, William Aldis. The Cambridge Shake- speare, Vol. IX 232 Yechton, Barbara. Ingleside 401 Youth, The Sunny Days of 400 Ziehen, Herr. Introduction to the Study of Phys- iological Psychology 118 THE DIAL i^5 ./* SEMI-MONTHLY JOURNAL OF ^iterant Criticism, §ismssion, ano Information. EDITED BT FRANCIS F. BROWNE j Volume XV. I No. 169. CHICAGO, JULY 1, 1893. 10 ctt. a copy. I Office: 24 Adams St. 82. a year, j Stevens Building. Harper's Magazine for July. Italian Gardens. By Charles A. Platt. Part I. With 15 Illustrations from Photographs made especially for this article. French Canadians in New England. By Henry Loohis Nelson. With 2 Illustrations by C. S. Rein- hart. The Handsome Humes. 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M.A., Oxon; LL.D., Edinburgh; D.C.L., Dunelm.etc; sometime President of the Philological Society; with the assistance of many scholars and men of science. "Every cultivated person should be interested in the progress of the 'New English Dictionary,' edited by Dr. J. A. H. Murray, Vice-President, and Mr. Henry Bradley, President, of the Philological Society. Among subscription books,— that is, books necessarily issued in parte, at greater or less intervals,— it is surpassed by none in intrinsic worth or in the ease with which the infrequent payments can be borne. Unlike cyclopiedias, it can never become completely antiquated, and time will affect it mainly in the particular of neologisms: for, as its illustrations of usage are marshalled in chronological order, the history of each word or meaning may be added to but cannot be detracted from — and we cannot foresee the day when a sup- plement will be undertaken."—From Evening Post Editorial, Saturday, March 25, 1803. 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A Collection of some of the Master's best-known Dramas. Condensed, Revised, and slightly Rearranged for the ben- efit of the earnest student. By F. Anstey, author of " Vice Versa." With Ulustrations. Cloth, ltimo, $1.25. NEW NOVELS. Just Published. 12mo, $1.00. CHARLOTTE M. YONG&S NEW STORY, GRISLY GRLSELL; Or, The Laidly Lady of Whitburn. A Tale of the Wars of the Roses. 12mo, cloth, $1.00. By the same Author. STROLLING PLAYERS. A HARMONY OF CONTRASTS. By Charlotte M. Yonoe, author of "Heir of Redclyffe," and Christabel R. Coleridge. 12mo, cloth, $1.00. Just Ready. 12mo, $1.00. THE GREAT CHIN EPISODE. By Paul Cushino, author of " Cut by His Own Diamond," etc. 12mo, cloth, $1.00. "An exceedingly clever story, with plenty of ircident, a well-contrived plot, and a dozen or so of admirably-drawn characters."—Boston Beacon. THE MARPLOT. By Sidney R. Lysaoht. 12mo, $1.00. Uniform with the 10-volume Edition of Jane Austen1 s Works. THE NOVELS AND POEMS OF CHARLOTTE, EMILY, and ANNE BRONTE. In 12 16mo volumes. With Portrait and 3(i Illustrations in photogravure, after drawings by H. S. Greig. Price, $1.00 each. To be issued monthly. Now ready, Vols. I. and II. JANE EYRE, 2 vols., $1 each. Vols. III. and IV., SHIRLEY, 2 vols., $1.00 each. *»* Also, a Large-paper Limited Edition, on hand-made paper, at $3.00 per volume. Book Reviews, a Monthly Journal devoted to New and Current Publications. Price, 5 cents. Yearly Subscription, 50 cents. MACMILLAN & CO., Publishers, New York City. 1893.] THE DIAL EDUCATIONAL. COLLEGE OP PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS, Chicago, III. Winter term begins September 18, 1893. Course of study covers four years; for Bachelors of Arts and Sciences, three years. Preliminary examination required in English, Physics, Mathematics, and Latin. Fees, $100 a year. Laboratory equipment for students unequaled. For Announcement and further information address Dr. Bayard Holmes, Sec'y, Venetian Building, Chicago, 111. GIRLS' COLLEGIATE SCHOOL, Chicago, III. Nos. 479-481 Dearborn Ave. Seventeenth year. Prepares for College, and gives special courses of study. For Young Ladies and Children. Mis3 R. S. RI0K, A.M.. ) v . . , Miss M. E. Beedy, A.M., j p™CIPa'9- ROCKFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN, Rockford, III. Forty-6fth year begins Sept. 13, 1893. College course and excellent preparatory school. Specially organized departments of Music and Art. Four well-equipped laboratories. Good growing library, fine gymnasium, resident physician. Memo- rial Hall enables students to much reduce expenses. For cat- alogue address Sabar F. Andebson, Principal (Lock box 52). MISS CLAGETTS HOME AND DAY SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. Boston, Mass., 252 Marlboro' St. Reopens October 3. Specialists in each Department. References: Rev. Dr. Don- ald, Trinity Church; Mrs. Louis Agassiz, Cambridge j Pres. Walker, Institute of Technology. NEW ENGLAND CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC, Boston, Mass. Founded by Carl Faeltbn, Dr. Eben Toubqee. Director. THE LEADING CONSERVATORY OF AMERICA. In addition to its unequaled musical advantages, excep- tional opportunities are also provided for the study of Elocu- tion, the Fine Arts, and Modern Languages. The admirably equipped Home affords a safe and inviting residence for lady students. Calendar free. Frank W. Hale, General Manager. Franklin Square, Boston, Mass. MICHIGAN FEMALE SEMINARY, Kalamazoo, Mich. A superior school and refined home. Number of students limited. Terms $250. Send for Catalogue. Opens Sep- tember 14, 1893. Brick buildings, passenger elevator, and steam heat. BINGHAM SCHOOL (FOR BOYS), Ashevllle, N. C. 1793.—Established in 1793.—1893. 301st Session begins Sept. 1, 1893. Maj. R. Bingham, Supt. FREEHOLD INSTITUTE, Freehold, N. J. Boys aged 8 to 16 received into family; fitted for any col- lege. Business College Course, with Typewriting, Stenog- raphy. A. A. Chambers, A.M., Principal. YOUNG LADIES' SEMINARY, Freehold, N. J. Prepares pupils for College. Broader Seminary Course. Room for twenty-five boarders. Individual care of pupils. Pleasant family life. Fall terra opens Sept. 13, 1893. Miss Eunice D. Sewall, Principal. MISS GIBBONS' SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, New York City. No. 55 West 47th st. Mrs. Sarah H. Emerson, Principal. Will re-open Oct. 4. A few boarding pupils taken. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, BALTIMORE. tAnnouncements of the Graduate, Collegiate, and Medical Courses for the next academic year are now ready, and will be sent on application. THE ATLANTIC MONTHLY FOR JULY Contains the First Chapters of HIS VANISHED STAR. A New Serial by CHARLES EGBERT CRADDOCK. Also, besides Other Articles: Within the Heart. george parsons latiirop. In the Heart of the Summer, edits m. thomas. ^Admiral Lord Exmoutb. a. t. maiian. Passports, Police, and Post Office in Russia. ISABEL F. HAP GOOD. cA General Election: Right and Wrong in Politics. SIR EDWARD STRACIIEY. The Chase of Saint-Castin. MARY HARTWELL CATHERWOOD. Governor Morton and the Sons of Liberty. WILLIAM DUDLEY FOVLKE. Studies in the Correspondence of Petrarch. I. HARRIET WATERS PRESTON and LOUISE DODGE. Problems of Presumptive Proof, jas. w. clarke. If Public Libraries, why not Public Museums? EDWARD S. MORSE. $4.00 a Year; Thirty-five cents a Number. New Books. BIOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. The Life and Work of John Ruskin. By W. G. Colllngwood. With Portraits and other illustrations. 2 vols., 8vo, $5.00. An exceedingly interesting biography of this illustri- ous man by one who was for many years Mr. Ruskin's private secretary. Abraham Lincoln. An excellent work in the Series of American States- men. By John T. Morse, Jr. With a Portrait and Map. 2 vols., 16mo, $2.50. The same, in Library style, bound in smooth red cloth, $2.50. The Dawn of Italian Independence. Italy from the Congress of Vienna, 1814, to the Fall of Venice, 1849. A peculiarly welcome work on account of its marked ability and pic- turesqueness, and as covering an important period in Italian history which has hitherto been inad- equately treated. By William R. Thayer. With Maps. 2 vols., crown octavo, $4.00. Sold by all Booksellers. Sent, postpaid, by HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., Boston. THE DIAL [July 1, 1898. D. Appleton & Co.'s New Books. Many Inventions. By Rudyard Kiplinq. Containing fourteen stories, sev- eral of which are now published for the first time, and two poems. 12mo, 450 pages. Cloth, $1.50. The Simple Adventures of a Memsahib. A new book by Saba Jeannette Duncan, author of " A Social Departure" and "An American Girl in London." The brilliant story of Mr. and Mrs. Browne's quaint and delightfully humorous experiences in India. With many illustrations by F. H. Townsend. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50. Questions at Issue. By Edmund Gossk. 12mo. Cloth, $2.50. Some of the literary "Questions " which Mr. Oosse discusses in this volume are: "The Tyranny of the Novel," "The Influence of Democ- racy on Literature,*' "The Limits of Realiam in Fiction," "Mr. Rud- yard Kipling's Short Stories," "Shelley in 1892," and "Has America Produced a Poet?" Qeneral Greene. By Col. Fkancib V. Greene, author of " The Bnssian Army and Its Campaigns in Turkey," etc. The fourth volume in the Great Commanders Series, edited by Gen. James Grant Wilson. With portrait and maps. 12mo. Cloth, gilt top, $1.50. Appletons' Guide-Book to Alaska. By Miss E. R. Scidmore. With maps and illustrations. $1.25. Miss Scidmore's writings on Alaska and the Northwest coast are already most favorably known, and her "Guide-Book " will be found to be an authority. It is fully illustrated, and contains many maps, several of which have been made specially for this book by recent ex- plorers of remote regions. The descriptive and historical matter re- lating to Behring Sea and the fisheries, including particulars to date of the negotiations for international protection of the seals, will be found of timely interest. The Standard American Guide-Book. . Appletons' Qeneral Guide to the United States. With numerous maps and illustrations. New edition, revised to date. With Appendix devoted to the Columbian Expo- sition, l'-'nio. Flexible morocco, with tuck, $2.50. Part I., separately, New England and Middle States and Can- ada. Cloth, $1.25. Part II., Southern and Western States. Cloth, $1.25. This well-known work, the standard guide-book for foreign visitors as well as American residents, is prepared with the special knowledge of an American. Tin- editor has, during the past two years, traveled extensively over the entire United States for the express purpose of this revision, and haa embodied new features and Improved old ones as experience and observation have suggested. Itineraries of the principal cities have been prepared by a local expert In each case. Appletons' Hand-Book of Summer Resorts. With maps, illustrations, and table of railroad fares, etc. New edition, revised to date. Large 12mo. Paper, 50 cents. Hypnotism, Mesmerism, and the New Witchcraft. By Ernest Hart, formerly Surgeon to the West London Hospital, and Ophthalmic Surgeon to St. Mary's Hospital, London. With 20 illustrations. 12mo. Cloth, $1.25. "I venture to think that these papers will meet with general accept- ance from the medical and scientific world, and that they will serve a useful purpose in dissipating some popular errors and a good deal of pseudo-scientific superstition."—From the Preface. The Story of My Life. By Geobo Ebers, author of "Uarda," "An Egyptian Prin- cess," "A Thorny Path," etc. With portraits. 16mo, $1.25. The author here tells of bis student life in Germany, his association with the movements like that for the establishment of kindergarten training, his acquaintance with distinguished men like Frcebel and the brothers Grimm, his interest in Egyptology and the history of ancient Greece and Rome, and the beginnings of his literary career. It is a book of historical as well as personal interest. RECENT ISSUES IN APPLETONS' TOWN and COUNTRY LIBRARY Each, 12mo. Paper, SOctB.; cloth, $1.00. Lucia, Hugh, and Another. By Mrs. J. H. Needell, author of "Stephen AUicott's Daughter," etc. Suspected. By Louisa Stratenus. Singularly Deluded. By the author of " Ideala." The Voice of a Flower. By E. Gerard, joint author of " A Sensitive Plant." Capt'n Davy's Honeymoon. By Hall Caine, author of " The Deemster," etc. A Little Minx. By Ada Cambridge, author of " The Three Miss Kings," "Not All in Vain," etc. Children of Destiny. By Molly Elliot Sea well, author of "Throckmorton," "Little Jarvis," etc. Dr. Paull's Theory. By Mrs. A. M. Diehl, author of " The Garden of Eden," etc. Commander Mendoza. By Juan Valera, author of "Pepita Ximenez," "Don Braulio," etc. Stories in Black and White. A Volume of Short Stories by Thomas Hardt, W. E. Nor- ris, Mrs. Oliphant, Grant Allen, J. M. Barrie, W. Clark Russell, Mrs. E. Lynn Linton, and James Payn With 27 illustrations. For tale by all Booksellers, or sent by mail, on receipt of price, by the Publishers, D. APPLETON & CO., Nos. 1, *, & 5 Bond Street, New York. THE DIAL 2. &em{#tontf)Ig 3oumaI of Hitetarg Criticiam, Uiactiguian, ano Enformattcm. THE DIAL (Jounded to 1X80) is published on the lit and 16th of each month. Trans or Subscription, S2.00 a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions frill begin with the current number. Remittances should be by check, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL. Special Rates to Clubs and for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application; and Sample Corv on receipt of 10 cents. Advertising Ratmi furnished on application. All communications should be addressed to THE DIAL, A'o. 24 Adams Street, Chicago. No. 169. JULY 1, 1893. Vol. XV. Contexts. PAOI THE LITERATURE CONGRESSES 5 CHRONICLE AND COMMENT 7 COMMUNICATIONS 8 Perhaps an Error. H. O. Williams. IN KASHMIR AND WESTERN TIBET. E. G. J. 9 THE WORKS AND WORK OF FRANCIS GAL- TON. Frederick Starr 12 THE HOMERIC QUESTION ONCE MORE. Paul Shorey 15 THE SOCIAL SPIRIT IN AMERICA. Joseph Henry Crooker 17 BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 19 An excellent American Gnide-Book.—The author of The Christian Year. — A useful book on Persian Literature. — A correspondent of Jane Welsh Car- lyle. — Philosophy and Social Science. — Studies of Democracy in Poets. BRIEFER MENTION 21 LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS 21 TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS 22 LIST OF NEW BOOKS 22 THE LITERATURE CONGRESSES. The Dial has given, from time to time, accounts of the remarkable series of gather- ings planned for the Exposition season by the World's Congress Auxiliary. These Con- gresses, which have been uninterruptedly in progress since the middle of May, are designed to cover all the important fields of intellectual activity, and each of them has been placed in charge of a competent local committee of ar- rangements, with full power to plan the ses- sions and extend invitations to those whom it is desirable should participate. Up to the present time, the Congresses have dealt with the work of representative women, with the public press, medicine, temperance, social re- form, and with the problems of commerce and finance. The Congresses of the present month will include the three subjects of music, litera- ture, and education, subjects relating to the higher aspects of culture, and thus making a particular appeal to the constituency addressed by The Dial. We propose, in the present article, to outline the more important features of the Literature Congresses planned for the week beginning with the tenth of July. Literature, as used in connection with these gatherings, is a term to be taken in a broad sense, as appears from the primary classifica- tion of the work to be done. Five sections have been established, dealing respectively with libraries, history, philology, folk-lore, and lit- erature proper. The work of the five sections will be carried on at the same time, and through- out the greater part of the week; but the pro- grammes have been arranged, as far as it has been found possible to do so, with the view of bringing into session, at a given time, the in- terests least likely to conflict with one another, so that those in attendance upon the respective sections may not be unduly disturbed by the promptings of a divided duty. Thus the mem- bers of any one section will be free to at- tend those meetings of the others most likely to be attractive to them. The real work of the Congresses will begin on Tuesday, the evening of the preceding Monday being given up to an informal reception to the visiting members and the interested resident public. The Congress of Librarians, in charge of a committee having Mr. F. H. Hild, of the Chi- cago Public Library, as chairman, will be su- perimposed upon the regular annual confer- ence of the American Library Association. The Congress proper will probably occupy four sessions, and for these sessions more than a score of papers have been secured. The con- ference of the Association is planned to occupy three further sessions, for which the programmes have been arranged by the officers of that body. The public has always taken much interest in the meetings of the Library Association, aud the meeting of this summer, with its unusual features, will probably be the most important ever held, as well as the most fruitful in prac- tical outcome. The profession of the librarian 6 [July 1, THE DIAL is growing in importance every year, and the public is coming more and more fully to recog- nize that librarians are not merely collectors and custodians of books,— that the function of facilitating to the public use the libraries under their charge is at least as important as any other that they are called upon to exercise. The work of the section devoted to histor- ical literature has been undertaken with the cooperation of the American Historical Asso- ciation, by a committee having as chairman Dr. W. F. Poole, of the Newberry Library. Six sessions are planned, and for them have been collected upwards of thirty papers, mostly by American writers and upon American sub- jects. The healthful activity of local historical studies has been one of the most promising in- tellectual signs of recent years, and our coun- try has developed a school of historical inves- tigators hardly second to that of any other in industry, in scientific method, or in philosoph- ical outlook. A few of the more important papers to be read at this Congress are the fol- lowing: "The Inadequate Recognition of Di- plomatists by Historians," by President James B. Angell; "Personal Explorations at Wat- ling Island," by Herr Rudolph Cronau, of Leipzig; "Condition of Spain in the Sixteenth Century," by Professor Bernard Moses; "Early Slavery in Illinois," by Mr. William Henry Smith; and " The Time-Element in American History," by Professor Moses Coit Tyler. The work of the Congress of Philologists has been planned by a committee having as chairman Mr. W. M. Payne, with the coop- eration of the American Philological Associa- tion, the Modern Language Association of America, and the American Dialect Society. These three societies will hold formal meet- ings, and their work will be supplemented by a number of papers obtained from outside sources, many of these relating to Oriental philology and archaeology. About sixty papers will be included in the work of the philolog- ical section, and it will be necessary, during the greater part of the week, to hold two ses- sions at the same time. Among the features of these sessions may be mentioned the annual address of the President of the American Phi- lological Association, Professor W. G. Hale, upon the subject of "Democracy and Educa- tion," discussed in the last number of The Dial; a paper by Mr. T. G. Pinches, of the British Museum, upon "Unpublished Manu- script Treasures"; a paper by Professor Rich- ard Garbe, of the University of Konigsberg, upon "The Connection between Indian and Greek Philosophy"; a paper by Dr. Richter, of Berlin, upon " The Archaeology of Cyprus"; a paper by Professor Emil Hausknecht, of Berlin, upon " Pedagogical Questions in Ger- many"; a paper by Dr. William C. Wins- low, Vice-President of the Egypt Exploration Fund, upon "Old Testament History in the Light of Recent Discoveries"; and a paper by Professor F. A. March, upon " The Language of the Sciences and a Universal Language." The papers above named will be read by their authors. Other European philologists coming to America for the express purpose of attend- ing this Congress are Professor Wilhelm Streit- berg, of Freiburg (Switzerland), Professor E. A. Sonnenschein, of Birmingham, and Profes- sor Hermann Osthoff, of Heidelberg. Among the important papers sent from Europe to the Congress are the following: "Assyrian Tablet Libraries," by Professor A. H. Sayce, of Ox- ford; "Canons of Etymological Investigation," by Professor Michel Brdal, of the College de France; " Koptic Art and Its Relation to Early Christian Ornament^" by Dr. Georg Ebers; and "The Great Altar at Dagr el Baharee (Thebes)," by Dr. Edouard Naville, a paper presenting the results of the author's latest ex- cavations. Extensive as is the programme of the Phi- lological Congress, that of the Folk-Lore sec- tion is still more extensive. Mr. Fletcher S. Bassett, the enthusiastic chairman of the com- mittee upon this subject, has obtained upward of seventy papers from specialists in all parts of the world, and has secured the attendance of some of the most distinguished among Euro- pean folk-lorists, including M. Charles Ploix, President of the French Society ; Mr. J. Aber- crombie, Vice-President of the English So- ciety; Herr Ulrich Jahn, of the Berlin Society; and Mr. Smigrodski, of Warsaw, who comes as the representative of several Continental societies. One feature of the Folk-Lore Con- gress will be of extraordinary interest. On Friday evening a concert will be given for the purpose of illustrating the popular songs of the various races of mankind. This concert is made possible by the presence at the Exposi- tion of many types of humanity, and a score or more of nationalities will be represented in the programme. No single event of the week is likely to attract wider attention or excite more general interest. The Congress of Authors, in which our read- ers probably take a more general interest than 1893.] THE DIAL in any other, promises to be remarkably suc- cessful. The local committee of arrangements, having Mr. F. F. Browne as chairman, some time ago enlisted the services of an Eastern committee of the best-known American writers, with Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes as honorary chairman, and Professor George E. Woodberry as secretary. Largely owing to the efforts of this Committee of Cooperation, a very import- ant programme has been drawn up, dealing with the commercial as well as the artistic aspects of authorship. The former of these aspects will be presented very forcibly by Mr. Walter Besant, who comes as the representative of the English Society of Authors, and who has awak- ened in his fellow-countrymen much interest in the Chicago Congress. Mr. Besant comes not only to speak in his own person, but also as the bearer of many important papers by En- glish writers, among which may be mentioned "Some Considerations on Publishing," by Sir Frederick Pollock ; "The Berne Conference," by Sir Henry Bergne; "Literature and the Press," by Mr. H. D. Traill; and " The Future of the Drama," by Mr. Henry Arthur Jones. A fact of extraordinary interest in connection with this Congress is the expected presence of the greatest poet of modern Italy, Signor Car- ducci, although it is not yet known what part he will take in the proceedings. The subject of Copyright will have an important place in the work of the Congress, being discussed not only in the papers sent by English contribu- tors, but also by Mr. A. L. Spofford, Libra- rian of Congress (who will preside), by Mr. R. R. Bowker of New York, and Mr. George E. Adams of Chicago. On the subject of Criti- cism, papers will be read by Messrs. Charles Dudley Warner (who will preside), John Bur- roughs, Moses Coit Tyler, H. W. Mabie, and others. On the subject of Fiction, there will be papers presented by Messrs. G. W. Cable (who will preside), Thomas Nelson Page, Joseph Kirkland, Mrs. Mary H. Catherwood, and Miss Alice French. Mr. R. W. Gilder, Mr. George E. Woodberry, and many other American writ- ers of distinction are also expected to be pres- ent at the Congress, and take part in the work; but it is impossible at this date to give a more detailed account of the programme. Enough has been said, however, to make it clear that the gathering will be of great interest to all literary workers, and that important practical results may very probably remain as its out- come. The week of the Literature Congresses, taken as a whole, may be seen, even from the outline of facts presented in this article, to promise a degree of attractiveness to all sorts of intellectual interests that is rarely offered the public at any one time and place. After the Congresses are over, The Dial will again take occasion to summarize their features, and to point out what shall appear to have beeiu significant in the results achieved by them. CHRONICLE AND COMMENT. The Comeclie Francaise could not come to Chi- cago this summer, for reasons playfully set forth in a recent article by M. Sarcey, and it has, instead, gone to London, where it is to remain a month, and produce no less than forty-seven pieces of its reper- tory. The programme includes classical and mod- ern plays in great variety, among which " Hamlet" is noteworthy, although we hardly recognize the tragedy in the description—" drame en vers en cinq actes par MM. Dumas et Paul Meurice." But we have no doubt that it is our own Hamlet that M. Mounet-Sully will present to his audience. We must remember that it was Shakespeare's Cleopatra that was, after all, given us by Mine. Bernhardt, although disguised in lines that made no pretence of being Shakespearian. The opening performance of the French Play in London was signalized by a '• Salut a Londres," written by M. Claretie, and re- cited by Mile. Reichemberg, from which we extract a few verses: "Salut, pays da grand Shakespeare, An nom de Corneille le Grand; Aux souverains d'un double empire Oil le geme aocepte et rend; "Ou, loin de la dent des couleuvres, II proclame — invincible et fier — Le libre echange des chefs-d'oeuvre A travere les vents et la mer!" Mr. Edgar Prestage writes to the London " Acad- emy " to complain of the neglect of Portugese lit- erature by English students. To say that Portugal has produced but one author of the first rank — Camoens—is a statement as absurd, in his opinion, as "that England has produced no great poet with the exception of Shakespeare." He calls particu- lar attention to three great writers of the present century — Almeida Garrett, Anthero de Quental, and Joao de Deus—saying of the latter that he is "without doubt, the greatest lyric poet now living." Curiosity should certainly be stimulated by so en- thusiastic a description of a poet whose name means nothing at all to most English readers, but we fear that the case is a hopeless one. If the poet in question were a novelist, or even a dramatist, he might come into general recognition; but no lyric poet is ever appreciated outside the circle of those whose language he sings. Heine has come nearer than any other lyrist of the century to such general favor, but even Heine is known to most non-Ger- mans chiefly for his humorous and ironical prose •8 [July 1, THE DIAL or for his pathetic life-story. It was not Byron's slender lyrical gift that made him a Continental favorite, but the fact that he stood as an energetic and picturesque spokesman of the revolutionary spirit. Even Shelley is practically unknown out- side of England and America. The greatest of living lyrists—pace Mr. Prestage—is probably Sig- nor Carducci; but to how many who are not Ital- ians is he more than a name? Hugo's highest achievement was in the lyric, but to the English- speaking world he was the novelist and hardly more. These statements apply with almost equal force to Herr Bjornson; but who, unfamiliar with Norwegian, thinks of Bjtirnson as a lyric poet? There is no help for it. We can translate novels, and plays, and epics; we cannot translate songs. A nation must be content with its own lyrists; the genius of the singer proper is, by no process known to the alchemy of the translator, reproducible in another form of speech than that in which it finds native expression. The London "Literary World" recounts an al- leged recent " experience " of Mr. Herbert Spencer, telling us that the philosopher has " received a let- ter from a Wild West American publisher, asking how much he would take for the exclusive right to publish his poem,'The Faerie Queen,' in the States." The story is not even ben trovato, but it shows well enough how we are libelled at times by the arro- gant foreigner. In this case, revenge follows promptly, for the same issue of the paper, a few pages further on, informs its readers that Mrs. Deland is a daughter of Mrs. Julia Ward Howe; and, still later, inserts an anxious query as to the authorship of the line, "From perilous seas in faery lands forlorn." People who live in glass houses should not pretend that the brown-stone fronts of their neighbors are constructed of the same brittle material. COMMUNICA TIONS. PERHAPS AN ERROR. (To the Editor of The Dial.) The frequent letters of " F. H." to "The Nation" are read with great interest and valued very highly, I am sure, by all American students of modern English. Nevertheless, there is something in these letters (if it may be said) that would be pleasanter if it were dif- ferent. A reader of a half-dozen of them cannot help wondering whether "F. H." has ever made a mistake, — the master is so masterful, his censure is so pungent. The grammatical question examined below is trivial, perhaps, but the examination itself becomes important if it be regarded as helping somewhat towards answer- ing the more serious inquiry,—Has " F. H." ever erred? It should be premised that "F. H." has identified himself, in " The Nation " (more than once, I think) as the author of " Modern English," and that there cannot be any impropriety, therefore, in referring to him here as the author of that well-known and very valuable work. The present case is this: At page 85 of his " Modern English" Dr. Hall quotes from Marsh's "Lectures on the English Language," and in one of the sentences quoted inserts sic in brackets after known to. This is the sentence quoted from Marsh's Lectures: "The word respect, in this comhination, has none of the meanings known to [sic] it, as an independent noon, in the English vocabulary." Dr. Hall says of this sic in a foot-note: "A Lord Qrenville of former days wrote of ' a long and destructive warfare, of a nature long since unknown to the practice of civilized nations.' Here, remarks Coleridge,'the word to is absurdly used for the word in.' (' Essays on His own Times,' p. 263.) Not unlike the nobleman's 'unknown ear now in a vol- ume entitled "Philanthropy and Social Science" ( Crowell |. The first and second of the essays, by Miss Jane Addams, entitled "The Subjective Neces- sity for Social Settlements" and '• The ()bjective Value of a Social Settlement," are interesting ser- mons in behalf of this new form of social organiza- tion in cities, with Hull House in Chicago as a text. The third, by Robert A. Woods, discusses the •• Uni- versity Settlement Idea " from the point of view of the Andover House in Boston. Father James O. S. Huntington contributes the fourth and fifth, which ileal with the general principles of modem philanthropy in an incisive manner. The sixth is by Prof. Franklin H. Giddings, on the " Ethics of Social Progress," and is by far the moat valuable and original contribution in the book. The last, by Bernard liosamjuet. on the •* Principles and Chief Dangers of the Administration of Charity." is a brief statement of some of the commonplaces of scientific charity. While this volume contains much that is true and sensible, it lacks somewhat in con- tinuity and originality. These were undoubtedly interesting anil profitable lectures, but they touch only very superficially a few phases of the philan- thropic problem. They do not go deep enough for the scientific student, while the general reader can do better by devoting himself to manual* more spe- cific and extensive in information. Mr. Oscar L. Trigg's "Browning ^l"iwT~ Md Wnhn»»«>: A Study in Democ- racy " (Macmillan) is a book that is more suggestive than conclusive- Democracy is de- fined as •• self-government," the '* absolute and free control of one's self." All that tends to develop the soul to its freest, fullest limits, and all that tends to band together self-controlled individuals, is in its essence democratic. To point out these principles in the two poets is the object of Mr. Trigg's analysis. Not a difhVult task, surely; for Browning stands for the independence and preem- 1893.] 21 THE DIAL inence of the soul, and Whitman stands for the in- dependence and fellowship of man. Other writers are grouped with the two who name the book,— Lowell, Emerson, Wagner,—and the author says a great deal about them all that is penetrating and sympathetic. But he writes with the air of one who has a thesis to prove and a world to persuade, and the result is something partly one-sided and partly rhapsodical. The former effect is produced by his seeming lack of sympathy with poets like Words- worth; the latter effect by the extremely large number of poetical citations. Out of 140 pages there are hardly a score that are not broken into by quotations. After a while this produces a mo- notony which materially and unjustly detracts from the author's prose. All in all, the book is spirited and thoughtful, and if it does not persuade every- one to its wide-reaching optimism, it is because America is still far from being democratic in our author'8 sense. BRIEFER MENTION. The second volume has just appeared of Green's "Short History of the English People" (Harper), in the magnificently illustrated edition that we owe to the painstaking scholarship and industry of Mrs. Green and Miss Norgate. This installment carries us through the Reformation period to the death of Elizabeth, two more volumes being necessary to complete the work. The illustrations are very numerous, a mere list of them, with brief descriptive notes, filling nearly thirty pages. It would be superfluous to praise the execution of this work, which is in all respects mechanically satisfactory. It should be found in every library, public or private. "The Yearbook of Science " for 1892 (Dodd), edited by Professor T. G. Bonney, is the second issue of the series to which it belongs. The departments have been undertaken by the best specialist authorities, and the work offers a manual indispensable to every worker in physics or chemistry, in geology or biology. Refer- ences are given with unusual precision, and results are so concisely summarized as to permit the inclusion of a vast amount of matter. Mr. Francis H. Underwood's study of "The Poet and the Man" (Lee & Shepard) gives us both a brief biography of Lowell and a generous tribute to his per- sonal qualities. The author knew Lowell quite inti- mately for nearly forty years, and, while his book gives us little or nothing that is absolutely new, it has the effect of bringing us very close to the lovable person- ality of its subject, and to make us realize afresh how worthy were the ideals for which Lowell stood, and how consistent was his devotion to their service. The vol- ume, which is an expansion of an article written for "The Contemporary Review," is prettily printed. Four pamphlet sermons that come to us from the Rev. James De Normandie, of Boston, are of timely in- terest. Two of them are memorials, respectively of A. P. Peabody and Bishop Brooks. The others are on "Sunday and the Columbian Fair " and "The Injustice to the Chinese," upon both of which subjects the author discourses with graceful and persuasive eloquence from the humane standpoint. We cordially commend these books to our readers. (Boston: Damrell & Upham.) Literary Notes and News. Mr. W. H. Bishop has been appointed instructor in French and Spanish at Yale University. "The Builders of American Literature," by Mr. F. H. Underwood, a work in two volumes, is announced by Messrs. Lee & Shepard. Professor Gold win Smith is writing a book upon " The Political History of the United States," and the first volume is announced for autumn publication by the Macmillans. The life of Sir Richard Francis Burton, upon which his widow has been engaged almost continuously since his death, will be published soon. The first portion is mainly autobiographical. It will be in two volumes, with portraits, colored illustrations, and maps. The final posthumous volume of Victor Hugo's poet- ical works is to be published immediately, with the title "Toute la Lyre, Seconde Se'rie." M. Auguste Vacquerie and M. Paul Meurice have classified the con- tents into eight parts, corresponding with the seven strings of the ancient lyre, with the addition of an eighth suggested by a line of the poet's, " Et j'ajoute a ma lyre une corde d'airain." "The Californian" for July comes to us with a new cover, probably the most beautiful that has ever adorned an American magazine. It is printed in gold and col- ors, and has the California poppy, in leaf, flower, aud fruit, for its characteristic ornament. The cover is made particularly charming by its wayward grouping of the poppy-blossoms, which are of natural size, aud in no way conventionalized. The Trinity (Dublin) correspondent of the London "Academy " has the following about one of our recent guests: "The return of Professor Tyrrell from Amer- ioa has relieved the College from some anxiety, for dur- ing his stay in the West he suffered from serious illness, which, though it did not stay or spoil his lecturing — this was due to his indomitable character—marred his enjoyment, and caused much alarm amongst his col- leagues. He is now restored to health, and he speaks in the strongest terms of the sympathy and hospitality of bis American friends." The London house occupied for over half a century by Samuel Rogers is to be sold. It may be said that there is scarcely a single representative of literature who during the first half of the present century was not a more or less frequent guest within its walls, from Lord Byron, Shelley, and Samuel Taylor Coleridge down to Thomas Campbell, Sir Walter Scott, Moore, Sydney Smith, and Mrs. Norton; and there is scarcely a single celebrity of that age in whose memoirs the hospitable breakfasts of Sam Rogers and his constant "Table Talk" do not stand recorded. Mr. Longworth, the British Consul at Trebizond, re- ports that all books, pamphlets, aud papers, even those for Persia, undergo the strictest censorship along that coast. Stationery is also examined for writings in invisible inks. Such as contain a likeness of the Sultan, disparaging remarks on Mahomedanism, or political reflection un- favorable to Turkey are condemned. The long list in- cludes Greek and Armenian proscribed books, besides thirty French and four English — namely, the Koran, Byrou's works, the handbook to Turkey in Asia, and the "Pacha of Many Tales," by Captain Marryat. The subscriptions to the Shelley memorial amounted to about fifteen hundred dollars, of which more than •22 [July 1, THE DIAL one-fourth came from this country. It is proposed to use the money as a foundation for an annual English literature prize at the Horsham Grammar School. Lady Shelley's monument to the poet, at University College, Oxford, was formally inaugurated by the donor a few days ago. A Tennyson Memorial is now projected for Freshwater, in the Isle of Wight. There are two propos- als before the projectors—a committee formed in Fresh- water itself. One is to substitute for the existing wooden beacon on the highest part of the Freshwater Down a stone tower. The other is the erection of a granite monolith in the form of an Iona cross at the corner of Farriugdon-lane, along which the poet often walked. The committee ask for £500. About half that sum has already been collected. Topics in Leading Periodicals. July, 1803 (First List). Algerian Riders. Illus. T. A. Dodge. Harper. American Woman, The. M. C. de Varigny. Pop. Science. Army as a Training-School. Edmund Hudson. Forum. Bacon and Shakespeare: A Symposium. Arena. Bimetallic Parity. C. Vincent. Arena. Booth, An Actor's Memory of. John Malone. Forum. British Etching. Illus. F. Wedmore. Magazine of Art. Californian Farmers. J. R. Grayson. Californian. Californian Missions. Illus. Laura B. Powers. Californian. Chicago Architecture. Illus. Barr Ferree. Lippincott. Chicago's Gentle Side. Julian Ralph. Harper. Chinese and the Law. T. J. Geary. Californian. Christ and the Liquor Problem. G. G. Brown. Arena. Christian Preacher's Functions. Lyman Abbott. Forum. Civic Duty. James Bryce. Forum. Color in the Court of Honor at the Fair. Illus. Century. Crime, Is it Increasing? Popular Science. Education and Selection. A. Fouillee. Popular Science. English Race Meetings. Illus. R. H. Davis. Harper. Evil Spirits. J. H. Long. Popular Science. Exmouth, Admiral Lord. A. T. Mahan. Atlantic. Fair, On the Way to the. Illus. Julian Hawthorne. Lippincott. Foreign Policy, Our. W. D. McCrackan. Arena. Fort Ross, California. Illus. Overland. "Fourth," Celebration of the. Julia Ward Howe. Forum. French Canadians in New England. H. L. Nelson. Harper. Galton, Francis, Works and Work of. Frederick Starr. Dial. German Soldiers. Illus. Poultuey Bigelow. Harper. Hardy, Thomas. Harriet W. Preston. Century. Homeric Question Once More. Paul Shorey. Dial. Human Brain, The. Illus. C. S. Minot. Popular Science. Indians. Famous. Illus. C. E. S. Wood. Century. Innocence and Ignorance. Solomon Schindler. Arena. Italian Gardens. Illus. C. A. Pratt. Harper. Japan, An Artist's Letters from. Illus. J. LaFarge. Cent'y. Japanese Morals. Illus. W. D. Eastlake. Popular Science. Kemble, Fanny, at Lenox. C. B. Todd. Lippincott. Literature Congresses, The. Dial. Man in the Glacial Gravels. J. W. Powell. Popular Science. Meissonier Exhibition. Illus. Claude Phillips. Mag. of Art. Mental Suggestion. Illus. A. McL. Hamilton. Century. Money Question, The. C. J. Buell. Arena. Morton, Gov., and t lie Sons of Liberty. W. D.Foulke. Allan. National Gallery, The. Illus. M. H. Spielman. Mag. of Art. Nice to Genoa. Illus. Fannie C. W. Barbour. Californian. Panama Canal, The. Overland. Pension Scandal. C. McK. Leoser and J. J. Finn. Forum. Petrarch. Gamaliel Bradford, Jr. Atlantic. Petrarch's Correspondence. Harriet W. Preston. Atlantic. Physics, Teaching. F. Guthrie. Popular Science. Poor, Private Relief of. Herbert Spencer. Popular Science. Portsmouth Profiles. T. B. Aldrich. Century. Presumptive Proof. J. W. Clarke. Atlantic. Pnblic Libraries and Public Museums. E.S.Morse. Atlantic. Reason at the World's Congress of Religions. Arena. Royal Academy Exhibition. Illus. Mag. of Art. Russian Passports and Police. Isabel F. Hapgood. Atlantic. Russian People, A Voice for the. George Kennan. Century. Russian Persecution. Joseph Jacobs. Century. Salt Lake City. Illus. H. R. Browne. Californian. Salvini's Autobiography. Tommaso Salvini. Century. Science, Recent. Prince Kropotkin. Popular Science. Siddons, Sarah. Edmund Gosse. Century. Sierra, Heart of the. Illus. Lillian E. Purdy. Californian. Slang. Brander Matthews. Harper. Social Spirit in America. J. H. Crooker. Dial. Spanish Inquisition an Alienist. II. C. Lea. Pop. Science. Summer, In the Heart of. Edith M. Thomas. Atlantic. Swift, Dean. Illus. M. O. W. Oliphant. Century. Truth vs. Point. Robt. Timsol and F. M. Bird. Lippincott. United States and Italy. G. P. Morosini. Lippincott. Women Wage-Earners. Helen Campbell. Arena. World's Fair Prospects. F. H. Head and E. F. Ingals. Forum. Writing, Style in. Edgar Fawcett. Lippincott. Yellowstone Fossil Forests. S. E. Tillman. Popular Science. List of New Books. [The following list, embracing 58 titles, includes all books received by The Dial since last issue.J HISTORY. Princeton Sketches: The Story of Nassau Hall. By George R. Wallace. With introduction by Andrew F. West, Ph.D. Bins., large 8vo, pp. 200. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.00. Lorenzo de' Medici: An Historical Portrait. By Edith Carpenter, author of " A Modern Rosalind." ltimo, pp. 21(i, gilt top, uncut edges. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.00. BIOGRAPHY. Dictionary of National Biography. Edited by Sidney Lee. Vol. XXV.. MacCarwell to Maltby. Large 8vo, pp. 447, gilt top. Macmillan & Co. $3.75. General Greene. By Francis Vinton Greene, author of "The Mississippi." Illus., 12mo, pp. 332, gilt top. un- cut edges. Appletons' " Great Commanders." $l..r>0. Thomas Jefferson. By James Schouler, LL.D. With por- trait, lGmo, pp. 252. Dodd's " Makers of America." $1. GENERAL LITERATURE. Questions at Issue. By Edmund Gosse. 12mo, pp. 333, gilt top, uncut edges. D. Appleton & Co. $2.50. Books In Manuscript: A Short Introduction to their Study and Use, with a Chapter on Records. By Falconer Ma- dan, M.A. Illus., 12mo, pp. 188, uncut. Imported by Chas. Scribner's Sons. $2.50. Robert Browning as an Exponent of a Philosophy of Life. By Brainerd Marc Burridge, M.A. 8vo, pp. 55. Cleve- land: The Book Shop. $1.25. The Maxims and Reflections of Goethe. Translated by Bailey Saunders. 12mo. pp. 222, gilt top, uncut edges. Macmillan & Co. $1.25. Froebel's Letters. Edited, with explanatory notes, by Ar- nold H. Heinemann. Illus., 12mo, pp. 182. Lee & Shepard. $1.25. Franklin's Select Works, including his Autobiography. With notes and a memoir by Epes Sargent. 12mo, pp. 502. Lee & Shepard. 7.5 cts. REFERENCE. A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles. Ed- ited by James A. H. Murray, B. A. Lond. Part VII., Consignificant to Crouching. 4to, pp. 801 to 1204, uncut. Macmillan & Co. Boards, $3.25. POETRY. Selections from the Writings of William Blake. With an introductory essay by Laurence Housman. With frontispiece, 18mo, pp. 259, gilt top, nncut edges. Im- ported by Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.75. 1893.] 23 THE DIAL Cap and Gown: Some College Verse. Chosen by Joseph La Roy Harrison. 18mo, pp. 192, gilt top. Joseph Knight Co. $1.25. Tasks by Twilight. By Abbot Kinney, author of "The Conquest of Death." 12mo, pp. 211. O. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.00. Asleep and Awake. By Raymond Russell. 12mo, pp. 200. C. H. Kerr & Co. $1.00. An Octave to Mary. By John B. Tabb. With frontis- piece, oblong, gilt top. John Murphy & Co. Paper, $1. FICTION. Many Inventions. By Rudyard Kipling. 12mo, pp. 427. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50. Pietro Ghlslerl. By F. Marion Crawford, author of "Sar- acinesca." 12mo, pp. 429. Macmillan & Co. $1.00. Heather and Snow. By George MacDonald, author of "Alec Forbes." Kimo, pp. 285. Harper & Bros. $1.25. Brown's Retreat, and Other Stories. 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An Adventure in Photography. By Octave Thanet. Illus., lOmo, pp. 179. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.50 net. How to Make Inventions ; or. Inventing as a Science and an Art. By Edward P. Thompson, M.E. Second edi- tion, revised, illus., Svo, pp. 181. D. Van Nostrand Co. $1.00. /J K4P J? If J\l J A History of the Indian Wars C/7/V7C I\I \-.SilV/1. with the First Settlers of the United States to the commencement of the Late War; to- gether with an Appendix containing interesting Accounts of the Battles fought by General Andrew Jackson. With two Plates. Rochester, N. Y., 1828. Two hundred signed and numbered copies have just been reprinted at $2.00 each. GEORGE P. HUMPHREY, 25 Exchange Street, Rochester, N. Y. JHE NEW YORK B UREA U OF REVISION. For 'Authors: The skilled revision, the unbiassed and com- petent criticism of prose and verse; advice as to publication. For Publishers: The compilation of first-class works of reference.—Established 1880. Unique in position and suc- cess. Indorsed by our leading writers. Address DR. TITUS M. COAN, 70 Fifth Ave., New York. 24 THE DIAL [July 1,1893. CALIFORNIA. tAll the principal WINTER TiESORTS OF CALIFORNIA are reached in the most comfortable manner over the *Atcbison, Topeka, Gr Santa Fe Railroad, THE SANTA FE ROUTE. PULLMAN VESTIBULE SLEEPING CARS leave Chicago daily, and run via Kansas City to San Francisco, Los eAngeles, and San Tiiego, without change. Excursion Tickets and detailed information can be obtained at the following offices of the Company: 261 Broadway, New York; 332 Washington Street, Boston; 2!) South Sixth Street, Philadelphia; 136 St. James Street, Montreal; 68 Exchange Street, Buffalo ; 148 St. Clair Street, Cleveland; 63 Griswold Street, Detroit; 40 Yonge Street, Toronto; 169 Walnut Street, Cincin- nati; 101 Broadway, St. Louis; 212 Clark Street, Chicago. JOHN J. BYRNE, GEO. T. NICHOLSON, Ass't Pass. Traffic Manager, Oen'l Pass, and Ticket Agent, Chicago, III. Topeka, Kan. Imperial folio, new type, surfaced paper, beautiful and artistic illustrations. Publication in parts to begin with Open- ing of Exposition. Sold only by subscription. The Book of the Fair. An Historical and Descriptive presentation of the World's Science, Art, and Industry, as viewed through the Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893. Designed to set forth the Display made by the Congress of Nations, of human achievements in material forms, so as the more effectually to illustrate the Progress of Mankind in all the departments of Civilized Life. By HUBERT HOWE BANCROFT. BESIDES THE REGULAR EDITION, AX EDITION DE LUXE, LIMITED. THE BANCROFT COMPANY, Publishers, {^^S^^cS^!^Lc^ No Library can be complete in American History without Mr. Bancroft's Works, consisting of Native Races, Central America, Mexico, Texas, Arizona and New Mexico, California, Northwest Coast. Oregon, Washington, Idaho and Montana, British Columbia, Alaska, Utah, Nevada, Wyoming and Colorado, Popular Tribunals, California Pastoral, California Inter-Pocula, Essays and Miscellany, Literary Industries. "It ia certainly a worthy scheme, ami carried out moet conscientiously."—London Spectator. "Written with dramatic penetration and genius."—British Quarterly Review. "A monument to the writer's intelligence and industry."—ATew York Herald. "Admirable for its Tigor and freshness."—London Timet. "Mr. Bancroft's volumes will increase in value as the years go by."—Boston Traveller. "From these volumes must be drawn, hereafter, the only trustworthy history of these parts."—Century. "He is the Herbert Spencer of Historians."—Boston Journal. "Most remarkable and instructive work."—London Post. "Lays the generation under a debt of obligation."—Chicago Inter-Ocean. "One of the noblest literary enterprises of our day."—John O. Whitticr. "It will mark a new era in history writing."—Chicago Times. "Hia volumes are really a marvel of research, discrimination, and industry."—Kew York Tribune. "Many English and American writers of eminence, includ- ing Carlyie, Herbert Spencer, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sir Arthur Helps, J. W. Draper, W. H. Lecky, and J. R. Lowell, have already testified to the value of Mr. Bancroft's historical labors."—London Times. A new book entitled The Resources and Development of Mexico, 8vo, illustrated, has just been issued in Spanish and in English. It was written by Mr. Bancroft at the request of President Diaz, every part of the Republic being visited for the latest and most accurate information. THE BANCROFT COMPANY, Publishers, {^J™^!™™™™^^ Main Offices "BOOK OF THE FAIR": . . . . . Nos. 80 and SI Auditorium Building, CHICAGO. THE DUL FBISS, CHICAGO. THE DIAL Ji SEMI-MONTHLY JOURNAL OF ^ittrarg Criticism, discussion, anb information. EDITED BY j Volume XV. FRANCIS F. BROWNE. I No. 170. CHICAGO, JULY 16, 1893. 10 ctt. a copy, j Office: 24 A dams St. 82. a year, j Stevens Building. Ready July 26: THE ATLANTIC MONTHLY FOR AUGUST, CONTAINING Washington the Winter before the War An important paper by EX-SENATOR H. L. DAWES. His Vanished Star. CHARLES EGBERT CRADDOCK. The Meeting of the Ships. A Poem, by WALTER MITCHELL. Little Boy Blue. OLIVE THORNE MILLER. The Teaching of the Upanishads. WILLIAM DAVIES. A Strategic Movement. A Short Story, by ELLEN OLNEY KIRK. Jonathan Belcher, a Royal Governor of Massa- chusetts. GEORGE EDWARD ELLIS. A Boston Schoolgirl in 1771. ALICE MORSE BARLE. The First Principal of Newnham College. EUGENIA SKELDING. The Breakers. CHARLES WASHINGTON COLEMAN. "The Ogre of Alewife Cove." EDITH M. THOMAS. Studies in the Correspondence of Petrarch. II. HARRIET WATERS PRESTON and LOUISE DODGE. Ben. A. M. EWELL. Relations of Academic and Technical Instruction. NATHANIEL SOUTHGATE SHALER. Anti-Slavery History and Biography. 35 cents a Number. .00 a Year. 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Teems or Subscription, 82.00 a year in advance, pottage prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year /or extra postage must be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. Remittances should be by check, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL. Special Rates to Clubs and for subscriptions with other publications wilt be sent on application; and Sample Copt on receipt of 10 cents. Advertising Rates furnished on application. All communications should be addressed to THE DIAL, Xo. 24 Adams Street, Chicago. No. 170. JULY 16, 1893. Vol. XV. Contents. PAOE THE TOWER OF FLAME. (The White City: July 10, 18113.) R. W. Gilder 27 THE CONGRESS OF AUTHORS. (With Extracts from the Papers Read) 27 THE PUBLIC CAREER OF CHARLES SUMNER. William Henry Smith 33 CHURCH HISTORY RE-EDITED. Arthur Hotcard Noll 36 THE "HERO OF NEW ORLEANS" AND "OLD ROUGH AND READY." Henry W. Thurston . 39 RECENT BOOKS OF POETRY. William Morton Payne 40 Poems by Two Brothers. — The Earl of Lytton's King Poppy. — Watson's The Eloping Angels.— Brown's Old John.— Block's El Nuevo Mundo.— Fawcett's Songs of Doubt and Dream.— Cawein's Red Leaves and Roses. — Under the Scarlet and Black.— Cap and Gown.— Under King Constantine. — Hovey's Seaward. — Appleton's Greek Poets in English Verse. — Sargent's Horatian Echoes. — Rhoades's The vEneid of Vergil in English Verse.— Poetical Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 42 Mr. Leslie Stephen as an Apologist.— Some delight- ful burlesques on the plays of Ibsen.— Statistics of crime and poverty in the United States.— Poland in history.— A readable and practical guide for ama- teur photographers.— Appreciative chats on Ameri- can artists.— Interpretations of Tennyson's Idylls of the King.—A sailing-voyage from New York to Cape Town.— A good summary of the French Revolution. BRIEFER MENTION 48 LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS 48 TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS 49 LIST OF NEW BOOKS 60 THE TOWER OF FLAME. The White Crrr: July 10,1893. Here for the world to see men brought their fairest; Whatever of beauty is in all the earth: The priceless flower of art, the loveliest, rarest, Here by our inland ocean came to glorious birth. II. Yet on this day of doom a strange new splendor Shed its celestial light on all men's eyes: Flower of the hero-soul, — consummate, tender,— That from the tower of flame sprang to the eternal skies. R. W. Gilder. THE CONGRESS OF A UTHORS. It is hardly possible, at a date when the Lit- erature Congresses have but just completed their work, to take anything like a philosoph- ical survey of the week's proceedings. We have, however, thought it best, even at the risk of offering our readers an incomplete and im- perfectly digested report, to summarize the series of events that have made the week just ended noteworthy in the intellectual history of Chicago. If we may not tell the whole story, and if our coign of vantage be too near the ob- ject for realization of the proper perspective, our report may at? least embody the salient fea- tures of the Congresses, and point a possible moral here and there. As has already been stated in these pages, Congresses to the num- ber of five were planned for the week ending July 15, their subjects being Literature proper, Philology, Folk-lore, History, and Libraries. They have provided an intellectual repast be- wildering in variety, and quite beyond the as- similative powers of such rash mortals as may have attempted to partake of all the courses. They have been characterized by many notable contributions to both general and special cul- ture, as well as by many of those discussions and comparisons of diverse views from which a subject often receives more light than from some more formal method of treatment. The Congresses were happily opened on Monday evening, July 10, by a general recep- 28 [July 16, THE DIAL tion given to such of the participants in the week's work as had at that time reached the city. The reception began with the usual in- troductions and handshakings, and ended with a few speeches of welcome by representatives of the World's Congress Auxiliary, followed by responses from some of the more distin- guished guests. Under the latter category come the remarks made by Mr. Charles Dudley Warner, Mr. Richard Watson Gilder, Mr. George W. Cable, Mr. Walter Besant, and Dr. Max Richter. In the course of Mr. War- ner's remarks, a tribute was paid to the beau- ties of the World's Fair, and the speaker con- cluded with these words: "I fear all the time that the Fair will disappear, and, as I say, I grudge every moment spent away from it, for it will go, like everything else that we have created by hand. And when it has gone these poor scribblers who have not money enough to create it and many of them not imagination enough to put it into poetry or into romance even — because I don't know anybody, except St. John in the Apocalypse, who has hit it off at all so far — these poor scribblers will have to take up the task of perpetuating this creation of beauty and of splendor, and the next generation that wanders about Lake Michigan looking at the ruins of Chicago — the distant generation, of course — will have to depend upon some wandering bard—who even then won't be half paid, I dare say—for the remembrance, for the description of the great achievement of this city of Chicago in 1893." Mr. Gilder, in a few well-chosen words, con- trasted the literary art with the arts of form and color, pointing out that the very subtlety of the former makes its discussion difficult. Hence the speaker concluded that a Congress of Au- thors must of necessity for the most part deal with the physical side of literature, with "the relation of that art to its presentation through books to the public." Probably the most noteworthy incident of all this speech-making was to be found in the applause that inter- rupted Mr. Gilder when he said: "I, for one, would not have the countenance to stand up before a World's Congress of Authors if within a short time we, as a nation, had not wiped out the unbearable disgrace of international piracy." The sentiment thus expressed by Mr. Gil- der had many an echo in the subsequent pro- ceedings of the Congress of Authors. The Tuesday session of this Congress was devoted to the general subject of Copyright, and it was peculiarly fitting that Mr. George E. Adams should serve as the presiding officer. The en- actment of the Copyright Law of 1891 was, as our readers will remember, largely due to the efforts of Mr. Adams, then a member of the House of Representatives. Major Kirkland, who introduced Mr. Adams to the audience, gracefully alluded to this fact, as did also Mr. Gilder, when his turn came to share in the gen- eral discussion. That the services of Mr. Ad- ams had been appreciated, and were still re- membered by those present, appeared in the ap- plause that followed every allusion made to them. The discussion was opened by the pre- siding officer himself, who read an admirable paper upon our copyright legislation, past and future. He took an eminently sane and prac- tical view of the question, making clear the fundamental distinction between a copyright and a patent (a distinction too often neg- lected), but still averring that our future legis- lation is sure to be based upon the broad con- siderations of public policy rather than upon purely theoretical grounds. "The question of the so-called moral right of an author in his book is not likely to arise in any future move- ment in this country for the enlargement of authors' rights by Congress. Such legislation will be supported on the ground of public pol- icy rather than on the ground of just pro- tection of property." Dr. S. S. Sprigge, late Secretary of the London Society of Authors, followed Mr. Adams with a brief paper on "The International Copyright Union," sent to the Congress by Sir Henry Bergne, the Brit- ish Commissioner at the Berne Conference of 1886. Dr. Sprigge also read a paper of his own upon the present complicated condition of copyright legislation, English and interna- tional. The remainder of the session was given up to an informal discussion, among the parti- cipants being Mr. Gilder, Mr. George W. Ca- ble, Mr. Charles Dudley Warner, Professor T. R. Lounsbury of Yale, President C. K. Ad- ams of the University of Wisconsin, and Gen- eral A. C. McClurg. There was general agree- ment among the speakers in deprecating the necessity of the "manufacturing clause" of the Act of 1891, but there was an equally gen- eral agreement in the admission that the law, with all its defects, is vastly better than no law at all. Even Professor Lounsbury, who pro- claimed himself one of the irreconcilables, ad- mitted the justice of this view. The injury done to writers by the condition of simultan- eous publication also came up for discussion, as well as the inadequacy of the term at pres- ent provided. "Nearly all our great Amer- ican authors have outlived their copyrights, which is a ridiculous perversion of justice," said Mr. Gilder; and Mr. Warner, echoing the 1893.] 29 THE DIAL opinion, allowed his wit to play upon the thought, greatly to the delight of his hearers. The copyright question was again brought forward, at the Wednesday session, by Mr. R. R. Bowker, editor of "The Publishers' Weekly," who read a carefully prepared paper upon " The Limitations of Copyright." We may also mention in this connection, as an il- lustration of the interest taken by foreign coun- tries in the work of the Congress, that a rep- resentative of the French Syndicat pour la Protection de la Propriete Litteraire et Artis- tique placed in the hands of the Committee, for distribution among the members of the Con- gress, a pamphlet " Note sur l'Acte du 3 Mars 1891," especially prepared and printed for the purpose. After congratulating the Copyright League upon the successful outcome of its la- bors, the pamphlet adds: "II ne saurait se presenter une occasion plus favorable que celle de la reunion du Congres de 1893 pour ex- primer les remerciements des interesses a tous ceux qui ont eu confiance en l'esprit de justice du penple americain." The special subject of the Wednesday session, "The Rights and In- terests of Authors," was introduced by Mr. Walter Besant, who also presided over the session. Mr. Besant's paper summarized the history of the London Society of Authors, ex- plaining also the reasons for its existence and the difficulties with which it has had to con- tend. A recent editorial in The Dial, upon the subject of the Society, gave the principal facts embodied in Mr. Besant's statement, and it is unnecessary to repeat them here. To the majority of those who heard them upon this occasion, they were doubtless new, and, as pre- sented by Mr. Besant, they were given the added force that always characterizes a man's spoken words upon some subject to which he has devoted years of active thought. The follow- ing is one of the passages of more general in- terest contained in Mr. Besant's paper: "We have made a careful and prolonged inquiry into the very difficult subject of the present nature aud ex- tent of literary property. A writer of importance in our language may address an audience drawn from a hundred millions of English-speaking people. Remem- ber that never before in the history of the world has there been such an audience. There were doubtless more than a hundred millions under the Roman rule around the shores of the Mediterranean, but they spoke many different languages. We have now this enormous multitude, all, with very few exceptions, able to read, and all reading. Twenty years ago they read the weekly paper; there are many who still read nothing more. Now that no longer satisfies the majority. Every day makes it plainer and clearer that we have arrived at a time when the whole of this multitude, which in fifty years' time will be two hundred millions, will very soon be reading books. What kind of books? All kinds, good and bad, but mostly good; we may be very sure that they will pre- fer good books to bad. Even now the direct road to popularity is by dramatic strength, clear vision, clear dialogue, whether a man write a play, a poem, a his- tory, or a novel. We see magazines suddenly achiev- ing a circulation reckoned by hundreds of thousands, while our old magazines creep along with their old cir- culation of from two to ten thousands. Hundreds of thousands? How is this popularity achieved? Is it by pandering to the low, gross, coarse taste commonly attributed to the multitude? Not so. It is mainly ac- complished by giving them dramatic work — stories which hold and interest them — essays which speak clearly — work that somehow seems to have a message. If we want a formula or golden rule for arriving at popularity, I should propose this: Let the work have a Message. Let it have a thing to say, a story to tell, a living Man or Woman to present, a lesson to deliver, clear, strong, unmistakable. "The demand for reading is enormous, aud it in- creases every day. I see plainly — as plainly as eyes can see — a time — it is even now already upon us — when the popular writer — the novelist, the poet, the dramatist, the historian, the physicist, the essayist — will command such an audience—so vast an audience— as he has never yet even conceived as possible. Such a writer as Dickens, if he were living now, would command an audience — all of whom would buy his works — of twenty millions at least. The world has never yet wit- nessed such a popularity — so wide-spread — as awaits the successor of Dickens in the affections of the En- glish speaking races. The consideration must surely en- courage us to persevere in our endeavors after the in- dependence and therefore the nobility of our calling, and therefore the nobility of our work. But you must not think that this enormous demand is for fiction alone. One of the things charged upon our Society is that we exist for novelists alone. That is because literary property is not understood at all. As a fact educational literature is a much larger and more valuable branch than fiction. But for science, history—everything—except, perhaps, poetry — the demand is leaping forward year after year in a most surprising manner. Now, in order to meet this enormous demand, which has actually begun and will increase more and more—a demand which we alone can meet and satisfy—I say that we must claim and that we must have a readjustment of the old machinery — a reconsideration of the old methods — a new appeal to principles of equity and fair play." The remainder of this session was taken up by a paper on " Syndicate Publishing," sent by Mr. W. Morris Colles, of London, by "Some Considerations on Publishing," a paper sent by Sir Frederick Pollock, and by a discussion in which part was taken by Mr. Besant, Mr. Charles Carleton Coffin, Mrs. Mary Hartwell Catherwood, and Mrs. D. Lothrop. The general subject of "Criticism and Lit- erature" occupied the Thursday session of the Congress. Over this session Mr. Charles Dud- ley Warner presided, and read the opening paper, his subject being " The Function of Lit- erary Criticism in the United States." Mr. 30 [July 16, THE DIAL Warner's paper is so sound and so suggestive that we feel justified in reproducing a some- what lengthy extract. "There seems to be a general impression that in a new country like the United States, where everything grows freely, almost spontaneously, as by a new crea- tive impulse, literature had better be left to develop itself without criticism, as practically it has been left— every tree to get as high as it can without reference to shape or character. I say, as practically it has been left. For while there has been some good criticism in this country of other literatures, an application of sound scholarship and wide comparison, there has been very little of this applied to American literature. There has been some fault-finding, some ridicule, a good deal of the slashing personality and the expression of individual prejudice and like or dislike, which characterized so much of the British review criticism of the beginning of this century — much of it utterly conventional and blind judgment—but almost no attempt to ascertain the essence and purport of our achievement and to arraign it at the bar of comparative excellence, both as to form and substance. I do not deny that there has been some ingenious and even just exploiting of our literature, with note of its defects and its excellences, but it will be scarcely claimed for even this that it is cosmopolitan. How little of the application of universal principles to specific productions! We thought it bad taste when Mat- thew Arnold put his finger on Emerson as he would put his finger on Socrates or on Milton. His judgment may have been wrong, or it may have been right; matter of individual taste we would have been indifferent to; it seemed as if it were the universality of the test from which our national vanity shrank. We have our own standards; if we choose, a dollar is sixty-five cents, and we resent the commercial assertion that a dollar is one hundred cents. "It seems to me that the thing the American litera- ture needs just now, and needs more than any other literature in the world, is criticism. In the essay by Matthew Arnold to which I have referred, and in which, as you remember, he defines criticism to be 'a disin- terested endeavor to learn and propagate the best that is known and thought in the world,' he would have had smooth sailing if he had not attempted to apply his principles of criticism to the current English literature. And this application made the essay largely an exposi- tion of the British Philistine. The Philistine is, in his origin and character, a very respectable person, whether he is found in Parliament, or in Exeter Hall, or in a newspaper office; he is incased in tradition. The epithet, borrowed from the German, would not have stung as it did if Arnold had not further defined the person to be, what Kuskin found him also in En- gland and Wagner in Germany, one inaccessible to new ideas. "Now, we have not in the United States the Philis- tine, or Philistinism, at least not much of it, and for the reason that we have no tradition. We have thrown away, or tried to throw away, tradition. We are growing in the habit of being sufficient unto ourselves. We have not Philistinism, but we have something else. There has been no name for it yet invented. Some say it is satisfaction in superficiality, and they point to the common school and to Chautauqua; the French say that it is satisfaction in mediocrity. At any rate it is a sat- isfaction that has a large element of boastfulness in it, and boastfulness based upon a lack of enlightenment, in literature especially a want of discrimination, of fine discernment of quality. It is a habit of looking at lit- erature as we look at other things; — literature in na- tional life never stands alone — if we condone crooked- ness in politics and in business under the name of smart- ness, we apply the same sort of test, that is the test of suc- cess, to literature. It is the test of the late Mr. Barnum. There is in it a disregard of moral as well as of artistic values and standards. You see it in the press, in ser- mons even, the effort to attract attention, the lack of moderation, the striving to be sensational in poetry, in the novel, to shock, to advertise the performance. Ev- erything is on a strain. No, this is not Philistinism. I am sure, also, that it is not the final expression of the American spirit, that which will represent its life or its literature. I trust it is a transient disease, which we may perhaps call by a transient name,—Barnumism." Another paper of importance, sent by Mr. Hamilton W. Mabie (who was unfortunately absent), had for its subject " Criticism as an Educational Force." Speaking of the change that has of late years come over the spirit of criticism, Mr. Mabie writes: "It was not until criticism passed into the hands of men of insight and creative power that it discovered its chief function to be that of comprehension, and its principal service that of interpretation. Not that it has surrendered its function of judging according to the highest standards, but that it has discovered that the forms of excellence change from time to time, and that the question with regard to a work of art is not whether it couforms to types of excellence already fa- miliar, but whether it is an ultimate expression of beauty or power. Iu every case the artist creates the type and the critic proves his competency by recogniz- ing it; 60 that while the critic holds the artist to rigid standards of veracity and craftsmanship it is the artist who lays down the law to the critic. As an applied art, based on induction and constructing its canons apart from the material which literature furnishes, criticism was notable mainly for its fallability. As an art based on deduction, and framing its laws in accordance with the methods and principles illustrated in the best literature, it has advanced from a secondary to a leading place among the literary forms now most widely employed and most widely influential." Mr. H. D. Traill, of Oxford, sent to the Con- gress a paper upon "The Relations of Litera- ture and Journalism," from which we quote the opening paragraph: "There never was a more promising subject for peo- ple who are fond of a good discursive debate, not likely to be brought to an abrupt and disappointing close by a sudden agreement between the disputants, than the subject of the relations between Literature and Journalism. A discussion of it combines almost every possible attraction — ambiguity of terms, indefiniteness of area, uncertainty of aim — everything in short that the heart of the most ardent controversialist could de- sire. I have been privileged to hear many such discus- sions and to take part in some of them, and on no oc- casion can I remember to have met with any debater so pedantic as to ask for a definition either of Literature or Journalism, at any stage of the argument. A sound 1893.] 31 THE DIAL instinct seems to warn people that if they were to do that, the particular debate engaged in would immediately branch off either into a prolonged and probably tech- nical inquiry into the precise meaning and limits of the term Journalism or into an interminable and almost cer- tainly violent dispute as to what constitutes Literature. The latter question in especial is full of " excellent dif- ferences" for those who care to discuss it: because ac- cording to some theorists on the subject there would seem to be scarcely any written or printed matter — when once you have risen above the Postoffiee Direct- ory—which is not literature; while with the very super- fine class of critics, the difficulty is to find anything that is. Literature begins for the former almost where it be- gan with Dogberry. Anyone who could have "pleaded his clergy " in the middle ages, would in their view ap- parently have been a literary man. Between this esti- mate and that of the Superfine Critic who claims to confine the name of literature to some limited class of composition which he happens himself to admire, or perhaps affect, the gap yawns enormous: and I for one have no intention of attempting to bridge it. The true definition of literature no donbt lies somewhere between them; and will be fixed on that auspicious day when it is found possible to determine the exact proportions in which Form and Matter enter into the constitution of literary merit. In the meantime we must content ourselves with admitting that form is certainly, if in an undefined degree, the more important of the two. It would be dangerous to admit any more than this in a day when so many minor poets are abroad; for a con- siderable number of these, while particularly careful of form, have reduced the value of their matter to a van- ishing point, and any encouragement to them to carry the process yet further is to be strongly deprecated. Still this much, as I have said, must be admitted: that it is primarily form rather than matter which consti- tutes literature." Among other papers presented at the Thurs- day session was that sent by Mr. Henry Ar- thur Jones, who took for his subject " The Fu- ture of the English Drama," and forecast it with an optimism quite excusable in the writer of so many serious and successful plays. While this session was in progress, the subject of " Lit- erature for Children " was under consideration in another hall of the building, and papers were read by Mrs. D. Lothrop, Mrs. Elia W. Peattie, and Mr. Hezekiah Butterworth. In the afternoon, a programme of authors' read- ing for children was carried out in the pres- ence of a very large audience, composed mostly of young people. "Aspects of Modern Fiction" was the gen- eral subject of the Friday session of the Con- gress. Mr. George W. Cable was asked to preside, and the choice was no less happy than that of the chairmen for the three preceding sessions. Mr. Cable followed the example of his predecessors in the chair, and read the opening paper, his subject being: "The Uses and Methods of Fiction." We extract a pas- sage from the close of this paper: "We live in a day unparalleled by any earlier time in its love and jealousy for truth. In no field of search after truth have we been more successful than in sci- ence. Our triumphs here have kindled in us such en- ergy and earnest enthusiasm, we have been tempted, both readers and writers, to forget that facts are not the only vehicle of truth. In our almost daily trium- phant search, through the simple study of facts as they are, for the human race's betterment, we have learned to yield our imaginations too subserviently to the rule and discipline of the fact-hunters, and a depiction of desira, ble but as yet unrealized conditions across achasm os impracticability is often unduly and unwisely resented. "The world will do well to let its story-tellers be as at their best they have ever been, ambassadors of hope. The fealty they owe is not a scientific adherence and confinement to facts and their photographic display, however benevolently such an attitude may be inspired, save in so far as they may help them the more delight- fully to reveal the divine perfections of eternal truth and beauty. "Yet if it is true that there is no more law to com- pel the fictionist to teach truth than there is to require the scientist to be a poet, there are reasons why in more or less degree, and in the great majority of cases, he will choose to teach. One of these reasons lies on the surface. It is that in fictional literature, at least, Truth, duly subordinated to Beauty as the queen of the realm, is her greatest possible auxiliary and ally. No page of fiction ought ever to contain a truth without which the page would be more beautiful than with it. As certainly when truth ignores beauty as when beauty ignores truth, a discount falls upon the value of both in the economy of the universe. Yet on the other hand beauty in the story-teller's art, while it may as really, can never so largely and nobly, minister to the soul's delight without the inculcation of truth as with it. "Hence it is that fiction's peculiar ministry to the human soul is the prose depiction, through the lens of beauty, to the imagination and the emotions, of conflicts of human passions, wills, duties, and fates; a depiction unaccompanied by any tax of intellectual labor, but con- sistent with all known truth, though without any nec- essary intervention of actual facts. Or, more briefly, it is the contemplation of the truths of human life as it ought to be, compared with the facts as they are. "If this is the fictionist's commission, is not his com- mission his passport also in the economist's world? It would be easy to follow out the radiations of this func- tion and show their value by their simple enumeration. In the form of pure romance it fosters that spirit of adventure which seeks and finds new worlds and which cannot be lightly spoken of while we celebrate the dis- coveries of Columbus. In all its forms it helps to ex- ercise, expand, and refresh those powers of the imag- ination whose decay is the hectic fever and night-sweat of all search for truth and beauty; of science and inven- tion, art, enterprise, and true religion. Often it gives to the soul otherwise imprisoned by the cramped walls of the commonplace, spiritual experiences of life re- fined from some of their deadliest risks, and cuts win- dows in the walls of cramped and commonplace envir- onments. At its best it elevates our conceptions of the heroic and opens our eyes to the presence, actuality, and value of a world of romance that is, and ought to be, in our own lives and fates." Mrs. Mary Hartwell Catherwood followed Mr. Cable with a paper on "Form and Condensa- 32 [July 16, THE DIAL tion in the Novel." We print a portion of Mrs. Catherwood'8 remarks, regretting that we have not space for them all. "Whoever attempts a novel is supposed to have a story to tell; and the manner of his telling it is almost as important as the story itself. It is always — what- ever variations the theme may take — the story of a man and a woman; often a sad, often an absurd story; but one which is as fresh witli every generation as new grass with the spring. The dear little maid whom you now call the light of your house will soon reach her version of it. She tells you iu confidence, and with a stammer on the long word, that she has a prejudice against boys,—and you know what that prejudice in the course of a few years will do with the incipient men who are hanging May-baskets or doing sums for her. "It seems to me the best form for this story is the dramatic form. We want intensified life. 'It is the quality of the moment that imports,' says Emerson. Of what interest are our glacial periods, our slow transi- tions that change us we know not why? Everyone can look back on many differing persons he has been in his time. And everyone is conscious of undeveloped iden- tities hampered yet within him. The sweetest and sin- cerest natures have repressions and concealments. It is the result of these things which makes the story of life. You may put a microscope over a man and fol- low his trail day by day; but unless he reaches some stress of loving, suffering, doing, you soon lose inter- est in him. I delight in Jane Austen for the qual- ity of her work. In the same way I enjoy the work of Mr. Howells. It is their dramatic grasp on the com- monplace which makes these realists great. "The most dramatic treatment cannot wholly present the beauty of one human soul, and the sternest analysis cannot reach all its convolutions of evil. Shakespeare knew his human soul. When we are very young we complain that he pictures us unfairly; but when we are older, we know. He took the great moments, that counted; and presented his men and women intensely alive. "I have heard there are authors who do not rewrite and condense, who set down at the first stroke the word they want to use; the word which creates. But I never absolutely laid hands on one. The growth of a story is usually slow, like the growth of most plants. It is labor and delight, pain and pleasure, despair and hope. You cannot escape a pang. You must abso- lutely live it through; and then try it by the test of ridicule of common standards, by the guage of human nature. I heard a judge say when he was a college student he kicked all the bark off a log in the campus, and wore out the backs of a new pair of trousers, try- ing to write a poem; and he made up his mind he was no poet. If the spirit of art had really been iu him he would have recognized these agonies. It is not easy to speak the word — except when it is easy; when you have those moments of clear seeing and that condens- ing grasp of your material which sometimes pay for days of worthless labor." The remaining papers of the session were as follows: "The Short Story," by Miss Alice French; "The New Motive in Fiction," by Mrs. Anna B. McMahan; "Local Color in Fiction," by Mr. Hamlin Garland; and " Ebb- Tide in Realism," by Mr. Joseph Kirkland. The Friday session of the Congress seemed to arouse a more general public interest than any of the others, and was distinguished from them by the fact that all the papers presented upon this occasion were read by their authors. Our account has thus far dealt almost ex- clusively with the special subject of the Con- gress of Authors. When we consider the fact that this Congress has been the first of the sort to be held by writers in the English language, and the other fact that there existed in this coun- try no definite association of literary workers to take charge of the arrangements, there is reason to congratulate the committees in charge upon the outcome of their enterprise. To the non-resident Committee of Cooperation, and particularly to its secretary, Professor George E. Woodberry, who labored long and strenu- ously for the success of the work, a special and hearty word of recognition is due. It is true that there have been many disappointments — that some who should have taken part in the work declined the invitation to do so, and that others who had promised their help and their presence failed to come forward at the final moment,— but, with allowance for all these mishaps, it must be admitted that the Congress achieved a distinct success, that its sessions were dignified and thought-provoking, that it attracted the serious attention of a considera- ble and influential public, and that it has paved the way for a better organization of author- ship, and a better understanding of literature both in its commercial and its artistic aspects. The proceedings of the Congress of Authors will have many echoes in the periodical litera- ture of the coming weeks; and, if they shall be subsequently published, as is hoped, in perma- nent form, their effect will be felt far beyond the moment, and is likely to make itself appar- ent both in predicable and in unpredicable ways. Of the four remaining Congresses of the week we have not, upon the present occasion, space to speak in detail. We must be content with saying that they brought to Chicago ex- ceptionally large gatherings of the four classes of specialists to whom appeal was made, in- cluding many European scholars of the first rank; that their programmes covered a very wide range of original research; and that, in spite of the tropical temperature of the week, and the counter attractions of the World's Fair, they were attended by audiences commensurate with the interest and importance of what the proceed ings had to offer. 1893.] 33 THE DIAL 2Efj* 3?efo Books. The Public Career of Charles Sumner.* Mr. Pierce has brought to a successful con- clusion, in the third and fourth volumes of his "Memoir and Letters of Charles Sumner," the story of the life of an eminent statesman, whose career was singularly useful in promot- ing moral ideas in the realm of politics. If Charles Sumner failed to realize the full meas- ure of his ambition—no one ever does—it could not be said of him that he put his manhood in the balance upon the chance of winning the Presidency. Herein is a lesson for those who choose a public career with honorable aspira- tions. The volumes before us cover the period from 1845 to 1874 — twenty-nine years of agitation and human activity of profound significance to mankind, during a portion of which it was un- certain whether civilization would be advanced or retarded. The year 1845 finds Sumner in the prime of manhood, fairly launched upon a professional career at the bar, which one can- not but believe, if no other claims had inter- vened, would have won high distinction. He was a favorite in society, the friend and asso- ciate of Longfellow, Hi Hard, and other liter- ary men at home, and a correspondent of men of distinction abroad. His broad culture and oratorical gifts made him a man of mark, con- cerning whom there was much prophetic spec- ulation. Conservatism, controling commerce, manufacturing, and finance, wooed him with assiduity. His abilities exerted to maintain the established order of things would have "strengthened the bulwarks of society," and he would have been rewarded with her richest gifts. The temptation was great, but conserv- atism failed. Charles Sumner elected to be an agitator for moral and political reform. When society became frigid, when the doors of the best houses were closed to him, he grieved and wondered much. Disfavor was mani- fested even before he became an Antislavery leader; while he was advocating prison reform and promoting the aims of the Peace Society. Antislavery was only the last straw. The an- tagonism that resulted was bitter, unyielding, and far-reaching in its effects. At that day the refinement of Boston social life was most • Memoir and Letters of Charles Sumner. By Ed- ward L. Pierce. Vols. III. and IV. Boston : Roberts Bros. attractive, and charmed all who came under its influence. "Such a society was like that of ancient Athens more than any other modern city can show, — intellectual, consolidated, despotic over individual thought, insisting on uniformity of belief in matters which were related to its interests, and frowning upon novelties which struck at its prestige." During the Mexican War controversy Sum- ner criticised the course of Mr. Winthrop in Congress, and further widened the breach that had already been made in the ranks of the Whig party in Massachusetts. We are told by Mr. Pierce that it cost him friendships which he valued dearly, and secluded him al- most entirely from general society. "It ended his visits at Nathan Appleton's. Tick- nor's door was closed to him; and when a guest at a party there inquired if Mr. Sumner was to be present, the host replied, 'He is outside of the pale of society.' The feeling became so pervasive in Boston's 'Belgra- via' that a lady living on Beacon street, who had in- vited Sumner with other guests to dinner, received a withdrawal of an acceptance from one of them when he found Sumner was to be present, although he was not at all in politics, and had no personal grievance. Pres- cott, of gentler mood than his neighbors, though with no more sympathy than they in Sumner's themes, still welcomed him in his home on Beacon street and to his summer retreat; but the tradition is that he was obliged to select his guests with care when Sumner was invited, lest the feast should be marred by unseemly behavior on their part. Longfellow and his wife, made of far finer mould than their kin or their class, were, in spite of their connection with Mr. Appleton, as devotedly at- tached to Sumner as ever, and kept a chamber at his service; but even they sometimes found it necessary to send him a warning from Cambridge that some one was with them whom it was not best for him to meet. Even his triumphant career — his election to the Sen- ate and his fame as an orator — did not soften this ani- mosity." It was undoubtedly this conservative influ- ence of the solid men of New England which changed Mr. Webster's political course, and prepared the way for the fatal seventh of March speech. Because of his unsoundness on the tariff and tendency toward Antislavery views, the class represented by Lawrence and the Appletons had preferred Clay for Presi dent, much to his mortification. He strove to placate it, and succeeded so far that in 1848 they advocated his nomination. It is claimed that their support was only nominal, their real choice being General Taylor, but it is certain that their influence over him was heightened rather than lessened. Webster's opposition to the annexation of Texas led many of the Con- science Whigs to look to him as a candidate, but Sumner distrusted him and opposed his selection. He preferred Corwin, whose happy r- 34 [July 16, THE DIAL fortune it had been to speak the truth with fearlessness in the presence of a triumphant opposition—one of a half-dozen great speeches illustrating the best of American oratory. Look- ing back upon the past, one cannot but regret that closer relations were not established be- tween the brilliant Ohioan and the Massachu- setts reformer, as the zeal of the latter would have stimulated the former to his best work, benefitted society, and changed the story of a life. The campaign of 1848 is one of the most cu- rious and instructive in American political his- tory. That the incongruous elements—Free Soil Democrats, Conscience Whigs, and New York spoilsmen known as Barnburners led by B. F. Butler and Samuel J. Tilden — which went to make up the Buffalo convention could fraternize, even for a day, was remarkable. We are told that — "Both the Dominating body and the mass-meeting were animated by a profound earnestness. A religious fervor pervaded the resolutions and addresses. The speakers asserted fundamental rights and universal ob- ligations, and iu their appeals and asseverations sought the sanctions of the Christian faith." But for once the reformers displayed common sense, and used the personal prestige of the wily old partisan of Kindcrhook and his ma- chine to promote their cause. What if Mar- tin Van Buren had their help in revenging him- self upon Cass, and what if 1852 found But- ler and Tilden and John Van Buren and others of his followers turning their backs on those noble protests for freedom " which made 1848 an illustrious year in American annals" and supporting Franklin Pierce for President,* opposition to slavery had made substantial gains and prepared the way for the struggle that followed the passage of the Compromise Measures,—what was really the death-grapple with the Oligarchy. We now see coming into greater prominence Sumner, Horace Mann, Charles F. Adams, Henry Wilson, and R. H. Dana, Jr., who placed Massachusetts in the van of the Anti- slavery movement, despite the opposition of the powerful merchants of Boston and Webster. As the glory of the latter departed, the hero of the new crusade, also a great orator, was hailed with popular acclaim — thus repeating the experience of every generation. * Tilden and other Barnburners, when secession was threat- ened, addressed the South in resolutions recognizing the right of slaveholders to carry their slaves into the territories and the justness of their grievances, which further heightens the insincerity of the Van Buren men in 1848. Sumner's career in the Senate is fresh in the recollection of our readers. His culture, industry, singleness of purpose, and perfect in- tegrity made him a true representative of the new North. When he spoke it was with a moral force surpassing that of all others. The world listened with respect. The opposition, enraged, struck back with brute force, to the injury of its own cause. During the administration of Mr. Lincoln, Sumner was an authority on all questions af- fecting our foreign relations; but his devotion to Antislavery convictions often proved an em- barrassment. In common with others he mis- judged the President, underrated his capacity for leadership in such a crisis, and at times became impatient and censorious. He did not, however, as did Henry Winter Davis, Wade, and Chase, actively oppose Lincoln's renom- ination, or seek to force him to withdraw in the midst of the campaign of 1864, as did others. He said: "If Mr. Lincoln does not withdraw, then all who now disincline to him must come into his support. I have declined to sign any paper or take any part in any action, because I was satisfied that nothing could be done except through Mr. Lincoln and with his good-will. To him the appeal must be made, and on him must be the final responsibility." This was early in September. In a letter to Mr. Cobden, September 18, he expressed him- self more at length on this theme: "The hesitation in the support of Mr. Lincoln dis- appears at the promulgation of the Chicago treason. There was a meeting in New York of persons from dif- ferent parts of the country to bring about a new con- vention to nominate a Union candidate. The 'Tribune,' 'Evening Post,'' Independent,' and Cincinnati ■ Gazette' were all represented in it; but as soon as they read the platform, they ranged in support of Mr. Lincoln. . . . You understand that there is a strong feeling among those who have seen Mr. Lincoln, in the way of business, that he lacks practical talent for his important place. It is thought that there should be more readiness, and also more capacity for government. "... Chase for a long time hesitated in the support of Mr. Lincoln; he did not think him competent. But he finds that he has no alternative; as a patriot, he must oppose Chicago. The President made a great mistake in compelling him to resign. It was very much as when Louis XVI. threw overboard Necker,—and by the way, I have often observed that Mr. Lincoln resem- bles Louis XVT. more than any other ruler in history. I once said to Chase that I should not be astonished if, like Necker, he was recalled, to which he replied, 'That might be if Mr. Lincoln were king and not politician.' Thus far the President has made no overture to him of any kind, although he has received him kindly." But Mr. Chase did make overtures through Governor Brough, seeking a restoration,— the relation of the particulars of which (if this 1893.] 35 THE DIAL were the proper place) would prove our Pres- ident very unlike Louis XVI. He was in pos- session of evidence that the effort to create the opinion that he lacked capacity for government, and that he had lost public confidence, had been persistently made by some of the inti- mate friends of Mr. Chase — notably Senator Pomeroy — for months, and that the Cleveland Convention was a part of the plan to promote the ambition of that statesman. The head- quarters of the faction on Vine street, Cincin- nati, were not closed until it became apparent that the scheme to force Mr. Lincoln to with- draw would fail. Our author fails to see the motive behind this opposition to Lincoln, or the peril to the Union cause in the midst of the campaign through the factious course of party leaders,— an opposition that was kept up to within eight weeks of the election. He has fallen into error as to the attitude of the Cincinnati " Gazette" and of the part taken by its able directing head at that time. The " Gazette " was not in sym- pathy with Mr. Chase's views, and did not further his ambition. It did not indulge in captious criticisms of the President, but gave him loyal support. Its representative at the New York conference was undoubtedly there in the interest of harmony. It is true that its distinguished Washington correspondent, Mr. Whitelaw Reid, was on terms of intimacy with Mr. Chase, sympathized with the view of the situation taken by that statesman, Gov- ernor Andrew and other earnest men, and par- ticipated in the movement having for its ob- ject the retirement of Mr. Lincoln. But Mr. Richard Smith, the editor, was not "active in the movement," as our author says. There is a letter of his in the possession of a friend, written to a gentleman on intimate terms with Mr. Lincoln, frankly telling him that in a tour he had made through northern Ohio and Mich- igan in August he found a condition of apathy which threatened the defeat of the Union ticket. He expressed the same views to the writer, who at that time was conducting the canvas for the Union party in Ohio, and who assured him that the people were sound. This was the measure of Mr. Smith's opposition. The ma- jority for the State ticket in October was over 56,000, and for Mr. Lincoln, a month later, over 64,000. The Union successes only served to engross Mr. Sumner's time more and more in behalf of the negro race. He would not only emanci- pate them, but confer upon them without prep- aration all of the rights and responsibilities of citizenship. In this regard he sharply an- tagonized the President and a majority of his party. Mr. Lincoln had much at heart the reconstruction of Louisiana, with white suf- frage. He held that the radicals were attempt- ing "to change this government from its orig- inal form and make it a strong centralized power." He is quoted by Mr. Welles as hav- ing said on the last day of his life, "These humanitarians break down all State rights and Constitutional rights. Had the Louisianians inserted the negro in their Constitution, and had that instrument been in all other respects the same, Mr. Sumner would never have ex- cepted to that Constitution." The effort to carry out Mr. Lincoln's views led to an acri- monious debate in the Senate, in which Sum- ner appears to less advantage than on other occasions. To him belonged the responsibility of defeating the wishes of the President in the recognition of the State government of Louis- iana. "Sumner's behavior," said his friend Samuel Bowles, "in preventing a vote on the Louisiana question was perfectly unjustifiable. I shall henceforth be intolerant of him, always. It was undignified, disgraceful."* A breach between the President and the Senator was predicted, but the former, by marked atten- tions to Sumner, gave public notice that he was not going to quarrel. Far different was his experience when Grant was President. The Motley and San Domingo episodes, and his deposition from the chairman- ship of the Committee on Foreign Relations, made a breach which could never be healed, and loosened the ties that bound him to his party. A satisfactory explanation of this treat- ment of a distinguished senator for independ- ence of action on a public question has never been made. Mr. Sumner's plan of reconstruction came to be, after a struggle, the policy of his party. Theoretically it armed the emancipated negro withapower that should prove invincible against his former master,—the power of the ballot,— and it charged the general government with the responsibility of the execution of the law. To the party that adopted it, it has proved a veritable Pandora's box; to the whole country injurious, as it has perpetuated sectional di- visions, intensified race prejudices, and lessened respect for law. Wherein has the negro been benefited? What is his part in government as an elector? Clearly, his future yet lies before * The Life and Times of Samuel Bowles, Vol. I., p. 419. 36 [July 16, THE DIAL him. Through education — the education that trains the hand as well as the head, that gives stability to character — his real emancipation must come. It only remains to thank the author and pub- lisher for this valuable contribution to Ameri- can political history. William Henry Smith. Churcii History Re-Edited.* Obviously, the late learned Professor of Church History in the University of Kiel used, as the basis of his work now appearing for the benefit of English readers in an octavo volume entitled " History of the Christian Church, a. d. 1-600," the notes for his accustomed lectures. The original skeleton with which his lectures began can be readily differentiated from notes added from year to year as the same lectures have been delivered to successive classes of students at Kiel. How thorough and how en- tertaining the lectures must have been, the book shows. One can imagine how each of the parenthetical references, interspersed in great profusion throughout the volumes, has been made to remind the lecturer of an illus- trative incident that has lost none of its effect- iveness in the telling. Lecture notes, how- ever, require much emendation and rearrange- ment as well as expansion to render them read- able in a printed volume, and to give English readers the benefit of his profound knowledge, the learned author of Kiel needed, quite as much as a translator, a careful editor, who could separate from the text the explanatory parentheses and citations of authorities and relegate them to their proper place as foot- notes or appendices. As it is, we have upon each page a confused mass of text, explana- tory notes, and references to authorities, in- terspersed with parentheses in some cases of * History of the Christian Church, a. d. HJOO. By the late Dr. Wilhelm Moeller, Professor Ordinarius of Church- History in the University of Kiel. Translated from the Ger- man by Andrew Rutherfurd, B.D. New York: Macmillan &Co. The Church in the Rohan Empire before a. d. 170. By W. M. Ramsay, M.A., Professor of Humanity in the University of Aberdeen; formerly Professor of Classical Archteology, and Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford. With maps and illustrations. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. Short History of the Christian Church. By John Fletcher Hurst, D.D., LL.D. With maps. New York: Harper & Bros. The Anglican Church; or, The Introduction and Con- tinuity of the Christian Faith in the British Isles. By the Rev. Robert Henry Cole, B.D. New York; James Pott & Co. such length as to cause the reader to lose the thread of the narrative, — the whole making the reading exceedingly laborious. The va- riety of types used in printing the book, — Roman capitals and lower case, italics, aud full-faced letters, — tends to still greater con- fusion. It is evident that the full-faced letters are resorted to for emphasis. The reason for setting up the text in small pica with para- graphs here and there in bourgeois is not so evident. The book does not justify its appear- ance at this time either by adding newly dis- covered facts in history to those known to stu- dents in theology, or by presenting the old mat- ter in any new light. The author's deductions are those likely to be most acceptable to ultra- Protestant Germany. As a text-book, the work will probably be useful, its chief value consisting in its exhaustive bibliography. Cer- tainly its style is not calculated to popularize the study of Church History, or (to borrow a phrase from the author's preface) "to animate delight in that study." The present volume was intended to be the first of three to take up that number of great epochs of Church History. Whether or not the author's death (since Easter, 1891, the date of his preface) has in- terrupted the preparation of the subsequent volumes does not appear. A book-buyer might be led by the title of Pro- fessor Ramsay's recent book — " The Church in the Roman Empire before a. d. 170 "—and by its general appearance (it is an octavo of 480 pages with an index) to expect a narrative history of a certain phase of the early church promising much of deep interest in its devel- opment. Such a one would probably be sur- prised, without being disappointed, upon find- ing in the volume an exemplification of "the method of applying archaeological, topograph- ical, and numismatic evidence to the investiga- tion of early Christian History." The volume bears as a somewhat misleading sub-title, "Mansfield College Lectures." The six lec- tures delivered at Mansfield College, Oxford, in 1892, form, indeed, the basis of the book, but these lectures (themselves almost entirely re- written) include a chapter expanded from a lec- ture delivered at Cambridge in 1889, and are preceded by a long excursus (divided into eight chapters) upon "St. Paul in Asia Minor." Therein the author supplements and corrects Conybeare and Howson and Dean Farrar in their biographies of St. Paul, from a topograph- ical study of Asia Minor, and he even corrects his own previously published " Historical Geog- 1893.] 37 THE DIAL raphy." He shows a like frankness in the man- ner in which he celebrates, in his preface, his breaking away from the German critics whom he followed for years with much interest and zeal, and whose results he accepted. In recent years, and with a better understanding of Roman his- tory, he has realized that it is a gross outrage on criticism to hold most of the books of the New Testament for second-century forgeries. Much of the work before us is directed towards this point. Dr. Hurst's volume, "Short History of the Christian Church," would take up nearly the same amount of shelf-room as Dr. Moeller's, but it contains about a hundred pages more of text, besides statistical appendices and indices. Its typographical arrangement, however, is not so compact as that of the former volume, and if pains were taken to estimate the exact amount of verbal matter in each, it would probably be found that there was little difference. As- suming this result, it is interesting to note that Dr. Hurst attempts to give a comprehensive view of nineteen centuries of Christian history in a space equal to that which Dr. Moeller re- quires for setting forth six centuries. To the early Church, Dr. Hurst assigns a century and a half more than Dr. Moeller, and devotes 102 pages. His avowed purpose is to popularize the study of religious history. The qualifying part of the title to his work, in such a case, is made important. The author frankly tells us how he has prepared this volume. Its five di- visions are a careful re-arrangement and re- writing of five short histories by which he is already known to a certain class of readers. In the re-arrangement and re-writing, it seems to have escaped the author's attention that the rather confused view of a very disorganized Christianity presented in the latter part of his volume is wholly inconsistent with the defini- tion of the visible Church with which he sets out. "The visible Church," says he, "con- sists of the organized believers in Christ and the followers of his life." We should be jus- tified in expecting a "short history" of the Christian Church to keep this definition in view, so that the Church might be clearly iden- tified in every period of its history. Certain phrases used by the author, e. g., "the Evan- gelical Protestant Church," "Evangelical Chris- tianity," and " the aggressive sisterhood of Pro- testant Churches," imply a reaching out after a term which shall be comprehensive of — something, and yet non-committal as to the theories of the visible Church held by Latin or Anglican theologians; though he repeatedly makes the blunder, common among ultra-Pro- testant writers, of calling the Church of Rome, its adherents, and its principles, " Catholic,"— a sweeping concession of every claim the Church of Rome makes. The author would have avoided many difficulties in the way of writing a short history of the Church from his standpoint, had he entitled his work a " Short History of Chris- tianity." The chapters in the fifth division of his volume, devoted to a score or more of fan- tastic sects in no sense connected with the Church as he defines it, would not then appear so incongruous. An accurate terminology, however, does not seem to be a strong point with this distinguished writer. The words "sect" and "schism " are used as though convertible terms. "Theo- tokos" is defined as "God-born " on page 52, and as " Mother of God" on page 386. The term " Roman Catholic " is used under circum- stances which render it utterly meaningless. We are seriously told that, at a certain period of his life, Luther was " a firm and full believer in the one Roman Catholic Church." Again (p. 247) " Henry's [VIII.] real purpose was a Na- tional Roman Catholic Church with himself at the head"; and (p. 262) mention is made of the desire of the French "for a National Ro- man Catholic Church." How such combina- tions of antagonistic Church polities could pos- sibly have been accomplished, even in the mind of a theorist, it would be interesting to know. Furthermore, omitting all reference to the ori- gin of the term " Protestant" (a serious omis- sion even in a short history of the Reforma- tion), and failing to define the same, it is applied long before the occasion for its use arose, and indiscriminately afterwards,— even to a class of modern religionists of the Baltic Provinces who have been deprived of privi- leges which the Czar of Russia seems to have it in his power to restore. This confusion of terms appears to result from confused ideas on certain essential historical points. Be that as it may, it is sure to lead to confused ideas in those who would derive their historical inform- ation from this book. If "the Church of the Past" is to be made "a wise instructor for the Church of the Fu- ture," it is not only necessary that the events of history be accurately known by those who have the "true historical instinct," but also that they be accurately related. Granted that Dr. Hurst is not deficient in his knowledge of events, it is unfortunate that we should find 38 [July 16, THE DIAL him "nodding" so frequently when he comes to relate these events. We are surprised that some of the errors (of which we may cite the following as an example) should have evaded detection. It was not to escape the general persecution under Herod Agrippa, a. d. 44, that " the Christians took refuge in Pella, be- yond the Jordan" (p. 17), but in immediate anticipation of the destruction of Jerusalem by the armies of Titus, A. D. 70. • That im- portant event is altogether erroneously nar- rated in the sentences immediately following the statement we have just corrected: "Bar-cochba led a final popular Jewish revolt against the Roman authority, A. i>. 132, but was defeated by Julius Severus, and Jerusalem became a heap of ruins. The Roman emperor Hadrian tried to destroy the at- tachment of the Christians to the sacred associations of the city by erecting on Calvary a temple to Venus, and, over the Holy Sepulchre, a statue to Jupiter. But his ef- forts, while pleasing to the Jews, had no material effect." It is scarcely necessary to give a correct ac- count of these events, so well known is it to readers of history. It was the insult offered by Hadrian to the religion of the Jews, in set- tling a Kmnan colony on the site of the Holy City which had been destroyed sixty-two years previously, that incited the revolt of Bar- cochba. Hadrian's establishment of the city of A'A'in Capitolina on the foundations of Jer- usalem, and a temple of Jupiter on Mount Zion, were very far from pleasing to the Jews, and to the Roman city the Christians, who had been expelled by Titus, were freely admitted with the first of their Gentile Bishops. The utility of the work is seriously marred by omissions, of which a long list might be given. The organized existence of the Church of England in the fourth century, independent of the See of Rome, having been frankly ad- mitted, the means by which Rome gained the supremacy, the continued protests of the Church of England against the same, and the part taken by that Church in the Reformation, are entitled to some attention. A paragraph is cer- tainly inadequate treatment of the Council of Trent, even in a short history, and the omis- sion of all mention of the Creed of Pius IV., and the consequent failure to define modern Romanism, are scarcely excusable. In rela- tion to the Vatican Council of 1869 (which the author incautiously concedes to have been oecu- menical), a magnificent opportunity for a clear statement of the decree of Infallibility is ig- nored. Such a statement would have con- veyed information on a subject often referred to but popularly little known. The suggestion of so many omissions might be taken to imply that the work should have been extended at the cost of its qualified title. On the contrary, however, the book would have been greatly improved by a regard for the rules of proportion, and the consequent omis- sion of much of its present contents. The ref- erences to hymnody are so filled with errors and are so inadequate, and a half-dozen or so chap- ters upon Missions, Religious Literature, and cognate subjects are so partial, that the space they occupy might have been used to better advantage in the treatment of more important historical subjects. The author's prefatory misgivings regarding his treatment of the vari- ous American denominations are well founded, and suggest that the considerable portion of Part V., devoted to not very satisfactory sketches of about thirty different denomina- tions, might have been profitably replaced by a comprehensive view of Christianity in Amer- ica. A general re-arrangement of the chap- ters would have been of great advantage. The present derangement (of which let this serve as a sample: In Part II., Arnold of Brescia is treated of in Chapter XVI., Abelard, who was his teacher, is treated of in Chapter XXVIII.) is calculated to mislead readers as to the chron- ological order of the events narrated. If we have been somewhat explicit in point- ing out the shortcomings of this work, it is be- cause we agree with the author, " that the pop- ular taste for the condensed treatment of the secular sciences can be safely applied to the domain of Theological Science, and to no de- partment with greater hope of success than to Historical Theology." We regret, however, that this book falls far short of serving that popular taste as it should, and fails of being of educational value to the constantly increas- ing number of students of Church History. Mr. Cole's contribution to ecclesiastico-his- torical literature, "The Anglican Church," is a monograph with a definite aim in view, thereby giving it a decided advantage over the much more pretentious works above reviewed. It is a modest duodecimo of 110 pages, con- taining a catena of proofs of the facts implied in the title, viz.—that the Christian Faith was early introduced into the British Isles and has been continuously maintained therein. Its ar- gument is for the identity of the present Church of England with the organized Church which Dr. Hurst admits was represented at the Coun- cil of Aries. It is an argument against both Romanists and Protestants, who, in the face of 1893.] 39 THE DIAL such historic facts as Magna Charta, refer the origin of the English Church to the time of Henry VIII. The book has all the elements of popularity save one. Its arguments are too convincing to meet with favor from those whose minds are made up against the claims of the Church of England to Catholicity limited only by nationality. Arthur Howard Noll. The "Hero of New Orleans" axd "Old Rotjgh and Beady."* The second and third volumes of the " Great Commanders" series give sympathetic and in- spiring biographies of General Zachary Taylor and General Andrew Jackson. As the name implies, this series has a different purpose from that of the "American Statesmen Series," even when, as in the case of Jackson, a biography of the same man appears in each series. This difference in purpose sufficiently appears from examination of the two lives of Jackson, when it is found that Professor Sumner, who wrote the volume in the " Statesmen " series, has de- voted only 72 pages out of 386 to the events in the General's life previous to 1824, when he first ran for President, while Mr. Parton, in the volume in the "Great Commanders " se- ries, gives 272 pages out of 326 to the same period. The life of General Taylor follows a similar plan, and it will be readily seen that this difference in purpose makes the later series one which appeals strongly to boys and young men. Andrew Jackson, the intolerant and vol- canic, but intensely patriotic, honest, and in- domitable man, is made to live again in Mr. Parton's pages. From the days of '76, when as a boy prisoner he was struck to the ground with a sword by a British officer for refusing to black his captor's boots, through stormy years of service as public prosecutor in the un- tamed days of early Tennessee, day by day amidst the difficulties of conducting a success- ful campaign, with the aid of a half-starved and mutinous army, against the Indians of Alabama, in perpetual warfare with weakness and pain in his own body, through the awful carnage of New Orleans, and finally upon the no less stormy if less bloody political field of Calhoun and Webster's day, Andrew Jackson * General Jackson. By James Parton. With portrait. "The Great Commanders." New York: D. Appleton & Co. General Tatlob. By Oliver Otis Howard. With por- traits and maps. "The Great Commanders." New York: D. Appleton & Co. the man stands forth as the only adequate ex- planation of Andrew Jackson the general and statesman. His faults are not covered up or explained away, and a boy must see them as faults; but the essential greatness and manli- ness of his character and achievements are so clearly shown that, in spite of faults, he must be a rare American youth who can read these pages without feeling a healthful stimulus to his own manliness and patriotism. In 1812, a year before General Jackson took terrible revenge upon the Creeks for the massacre of Fort Mims, Captain Zachary Tay- lor, then a young man of twenty-eight years, serving under General William Henry Harri- son, made such a gallant defense of Fort Har- rison against a superior force of Indians led by the Prophet, Tecumseh's brother, that his superior in his despatches to Washington warmly praised him. From that time on, and indeed for some time previously, in Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, Florida (where Jackson had once been a campaigner and Gov- ernor), in Texas at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, beyond the Rio Grande at Mata- moras, and finally at Monterey and Buena Vista, another American commander was slowly fitting himself for greater deeds and heavier responsibilities by quietly "doing his duty." The evolution of the sturdy old soldier and pa- triotic American is lovingly traced by Major- General O. O. Howard. Here, as in the life of Jackson, the man himself is. introduced to us and we share his tent. The contrast be- tween the two men is striking. One is impet- uous, intolerant, radical, the other is poised, generous, and conservative. And yet, when need was, the aggressive boldness and uncon- querable will of "Old Rough and Ready" were not surpassed even by the " Hero of New Orleans." The civic life of Taylor is briefly but ade- quately told. Special prominence is given to his attitude toward the slavery agitation of that day. We are told that when, in 1850, the President was approached by Southern leaders to get him to join in their plan to set up a southern confederacy with him as President, Taylor replied with true Jacksonian vigor and effectiveness that he would put down such an attempt " with Southern volunteers." In Gen- eral Howard's opinion, this answer postponed the " irrepressible conflict" ten years and made the ultimate success of the Union cause possible. A good map of the battlefield of New Or- leans is given in the life of Jackson, and ex- 40 [July 16, THE DIAL cellent maps of the Texas and Mexican battles are found in the other volume; but a few good general maps, covering the whole field of mil- itary movements described, would add to the reader's interest and profit. The volumes are well indexed. Henkt W. Thurston. Recent Books of Poetry.* It seems odd to begin an article upon " Recent Books of Poetry" with a paragraph devoted to "Poems by Two Brothers." That modest collec- tion of youthful exercises in verse, now reproduced (as to title-page and arrangement) in fac-simile, is mainly useful in enabling us to realize the immense range of the conquests of Victorian Poetry. The year of its publication (1827 ) was also that of the appearance of Pollok's "Course of Time," mark- ing the lowest ebb of the tide of dull eighteenth- century didacticism. Meanwhile, the romantic move- ment had swelled to its height, and its force was fast becoming spent. But who could have dis- cerned, in the volume almost furtively put forth by three English schoolboys (for Mr. Frederick Ten- nyson wrote at least four of the poems), the first wave of a new tide of song, about to gather to itself the best impulses of both the didactic and romantic spirits, to unite them in one resistless surge, and destined to sweep down the century almost to its very close. Even now, when judgment can hardly New York: Macmillan New York: Long- By T. E. Brown. New By Louis James Block. By Edgar Fawcett. New New * POEMS BY TWO BBOTHEBS. &Co. Kn»o Poppy. By the Earl of Lytton. mans, Green, & Co. The Eloping Angels: A Caprice. By William Watson. New York: Macmillan & Co. Old John, and Other Poems. York: Macmillan & Co. El Nuevo Mundo: A Poem. Chicago: C. H. Kerr & Co. Songs ok Doubt and Dbeam. York: Funk & WagnalU Co. Red Leaves and Roses. By Madison Cawein. York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. Under the Scarlet and Black: Poems by Undergrad- uates of Iowa College. Edited by Henry S. McCowan and Frank F. Everest. Grinnell: Herald Publishing Co. Cap and Gown: Some College Verse. Chosen by Joseph La Roy Harrison. Boston: Joseph Knight Co. Under Kino Constantine. New York: A. D. F. Ran- dolph & Co. Seaward: An Elegy on the Death of Thomas William Parsons. By Richard Hovey. Boston: D. Lothrop Co. Greek Poets in English Verse. By Various Transla- tors. Edited by William Hyde Appleton. Boston: Hough- ton, Mifflin & Co. Hobatian Echoes: Translations of the Odes of Horace. By John Osborne Sargent. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. The .Knkid of Vergil, Books I.— VI. Translated into English Verse by James Rhoades. New York: Longmans, Green, A Co. The Poetical Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Edited by James Dykes Campbell. New York : Macmillan &Co. avoid the influence of the accomplished fact, it is difficult to find in this volume any suggestion, mnch less any promise, of what was to come. Here and there we find a faintly Tennysonian phrase, such as 1 *' "Groves of undulating pine. Upon whose heads the hoary vapours hung," "The thunder of the brazen prows O'er Actium's ocean rang," or this: "A wan, dull, lengthen'd sheet of swimming light Lies the broad lake." But what we find for the most part are the plati- tudes of boyish rhetoric, and echoes of Byron or Moore. It is amusing to think that any work signed by Alfred Tennyson should deserve no better de- scription than is given by the phrase, "an echo of Moore." Four pieces not included in the original edition are now first published from manuscript. They enrich English literature by such measures as ""*: "Fare thee well I for I am parting To the realms of endless bliss; Why is thus thy full tear starting? There's a world more bright than this." "Timbuctoo," the prize poem of 1829, which the publishers have also added to the collection, is a dif- ferent matter. Here we can find our own Tennyson in many passages. The following has often been quoted, but is worth quoting again: "The clear galaxy Shorn of its hoary lustre, wonderful, Distinct and vivid with sharp points of light, Blaze within blaze, an uniraagin'd depth And harmony of planet-girded suns And moon-encircled planets, wheel in wheel, Arch'd the wan sapphire." Indeed, the growth in power of poetic expression that is evidenced by these and many other lines of "Timbuctoo," when compared with the best of the "Poems by Two Brothers," is one of the most striking things in all the record of the development of poetical genius. "King Poppy," a posthumous poem by the Earl of Lytton, was written nearly twenty years ago, and subjected, during the rest of the author's lifetime, to constant revision and improvement. It was the author's favorite work, and exhibits, at their highest stage of development, his considerable powers as a writer of philosophic and fanciful verse. In 1880, he wrote of the poem to this effect: "The purpose of it, so far as it has any definite purpose, is not to prove that all is vanity, but to suggest what a poor tissue of unreality human life would be if the much despised influence of the imagination were banished from it. I think that the practical tendency of all the most popular formulas of social and political improvement is to exclude the imagin- ative element from the development of character and society, and to ignore its influence. . . . Holding this view, it was a relief to me to write ' King Poppy,' and a sort of whimsical enjoyment to contemplate my own image of the perfection of government conducted by a puppet. Apart from this, the more purely literary idea I had in this poem was to shape out vaguely a sort of Golden Legend from the most venerable and familiar features or fragments of the fairy tales and ballads which float about the world, and which our wise generation relegates to the nursery." 1893.] 41 THE DIAL We select the following lines from the introductory "Legend," as well representing the charm of the work in its more poetical passages: "There is a legend, the low-breathing; wind In Spring-time whispers to the trees and flowers, That some good gift on every flower and tree A guardian god or goddess once bestow'd. Pan made the reed melodious: Artemis With mystic influence fill'd the moon-fern: Zeus The cypress, Cybele the pine, endow'd With solemn grace: blithe Dionysus pour'd The strength of his indomitable mirth Into the sweet orbs of the cluster'd vine: Ethereal azure from Athene's eyes The dim veins of the violet imbued With pensive beauty: Cythereia's kiss Crimsou'd the balmy bosom of the rose: Leaf of unfading lustre Phcebus gave To the green laurel: washt in Here's milk, White shone the immaculate lily: and the ripe corn Demeter robed in oriental gold." "The Eloping Angels" is entirely unworthy of Mr. Watson's talents. That the author of " Words- worth's Grave " should have wasted his time in the composition of a skit like this is simply amazing, and that he should have been willing to give it pub- lication is still more amazing. The piece is evi- dently intended to be semi-humorous, but the hu- mor is elephantine, and the author's wit nearly always misses fire. Humor that does not warm and wit that does not illuminate, are things "most tol- erable and not to be endured." The best comment upon the work is provided by its own text: "This sort of prank, to me, is rather tame." Mr. Watson's good work is so very good that it is doubly a pity that he should publish anything so far below the level of his better self. Mr. T. E. Brown, the author of "Old John and Other Poems," is at least no imitator of other men's work. His manner, freakish to eccentricity, is all his own, although a superficial view might find it to resemble the manner of Browning. Much of his verse is too utterly formless to deserve seri- ous consideration, and yet there often emerges from the seeming chaos some ethical message that is startling in its directness and its force. We also note in his work a vein of mysticism that is not without impressiveness. As an illustration of the author's more eccentric manner, we may take some very original verses from a poem which preaches upon a frequently recurring theme — that of the need of man's soul to get back to nature, to escape from the coil of a complex civilization and the sophistications of art. "The main purport of our earthly station, Which is to permeate One soul with fullest freight Of constant natural forms, not factual complication. "Else were our life both frivolous and final. A mere skiomachy, Not succulent of growth, not officinal To what shall after be, But Fortune's devilry Of Harlequin with smirk theatro-columbinal." "Israel and Hellas " is the title of one of the finer poems in the collection. It contrasts the two civ- ilizations much as Matthew Arnold was wont to do, although our later poet half doubts if the contrast were as great as it appears to us. We quote four stanzas that embody the central thought of the poem. "And was it possible for them to hold A creed elastic in that lightsome air, And let sweet fables droop in flexile fold From off their shoulders bare. Loose-fitting, jewel-clasped with fancies rare? "For not as yet intense across the sea Came the swart Hebrew with a fiery haste; In long brown arms entwined Euphrosyne, And round her snowy waist Fast bound the Nessus-robe, that may not be displaced. "Yes, this is true; but the whole truth is more; This was not all the burning Orient gave; Through purple partings of her golden door Came gleams upon the wave. Long shafts that search the souls of men who crave; "And probings of the heart, and spirit-balm. And to deep questionings the deep replies That echo in the everlasting calm — All this from forth those skies. Beside Gehenna fire and worm that never dies." There is a large philosophy of life embodied in some of Mr. Brown's pieces, the stanzas to " Pain " offer- ing a notable illustration. They open thus: "The man that hath great griefs I pity not; 'Tis something to be great In any wise, and hint the larger state, Though but in shadow of a shade, God wot! "Moreover, while we wait the possible, This man has touched the fact. And probed till he has felt the core, where, packed In pulpy folds, resides the ironic ill." This is the close of the poem: "But tenfold one is he, who feels all pains Not partial, knowing them As ripples parted from the gold-beaked stem Wherewith God's galley onward ever strains. "To him the sorrows are the tension-thrills Of that serene endeavor Which yields to God forever and forever The joy that is more ancient than the hills." This is the deeper optimism that we find in Brown- ing, or in Carlyle's doctrine that not happiness but blessedness is the true aim of life. Enough has been said to show that Mr. Brown's work will repay study, that within its husks there may be found a sweet and nutritious kernel. The past year has brought many contributions of verse to its central Columbian theme, verse that has ranged all the way from the wooden epics of Mr. Kinahan Cornwallis to the lyrical measures of Miss Monroe's "Commemoration Ode." Mr. Louis James Block is the latest contributor to this Colum- bian literature, and his work takes the form of a sort of versified Cidturgeschichte, having the dis- covery of America for its main episode. In spite of a few defects-—a defective line now and then or an imperfect rhyme, an archaism or a verbal li- cense that occasionally goes beyond the limits of the admissible, a mysticism and a vagueness of ex- 40 [July 16, THE DIAL cellent maps of the Texas and Mexican battles are found in the other volume; but a few good general maps, covering the whole field of mil- itary movements described, would add to the reader's interest and profit. The volumes are well indexed. HENRY W. THURSTON. RECENT BOOKS OF POETRY.” It seems odd to begin an article upon “Recent Books of Poetry” with a paragraph devoted to “Poems by Two Brothers.” That modest collec- tion of youthful exercises in verse, now reproduced (as to title-page and arrangement) in fac-simile, is mainly useful in enabling us to realize the immense range of the conquests of Victorian Poetry. The year of its publication (1827) was also that of the appearance of Pollok’s “Course of Time,” mark- ing the lowest ebb of the tide of dull eighteenth- century didacticism. Meanwhile, the romantic move- ment had swelled to its height, and its force was fast becoming spent. But who could have dis- cerned, in the volume almost furtively put forth by three English schoolboys (for Mr. Frederick Ten- nyson wrote at least four of the poems), the first wave of a new tide of song, about to gather to itself the best impulses of both the didactic and romantic spirits, to unite them in one resistless surge, and destined to sweep down the century almost to its very close. Even now, when judgment can hardly * PoEMs by Two BROTHERs. New York : Macmillan & Co. KING Poppy. By the Earl of Lytton. New York: Long- mans, Green, & Co. THE ELoPING ANGELs: A Caprice. New York: Macmillan & Co. OLD JoHN, and Other Poems. York: Macmillan & Co. El Nuevo MUNDo: A Poem. By Louis James Block. Chicago: C. H. Kerr & Co. By William Watson. By T. E. Brown. New SoNgs of Doubt AND DREAM. By Edgar Fawcett. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Co. RED LEAves AND Roses. By Madison Cawein. New York : G. P. Putnam's Sons. UNDER THE ScARLET AND BLAck: Poems by Undergrad- nates of Iowa College. Edited by Henry S. McCowan and Frank F. Everest. Grinnell: Herald Publishing Co. CAP AND Gown: Some College Verse. Chosen by Joseph La Roy Harrison. Boston: Joseph Knight Co. UNDER KING CoNSTANTINE. New York : A. D. F. Ran- dolph & Co. SEAward: An Elegy on the Death of Thomas William Parsons. By Richard Hovey. Boston: D. Lothrop Co. GREEk PoETs IN ENGLISH WERSE. By Various Transla- tors. Edited by William Hyde Appleton. Boston: Hough- ton, Mifflin & Co. HoRATIAN ECHors: Translations of the Odes of Horace. By John Osborne Sargent. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. THE AENEID of VERGIL, Books I.-VI. Translated into English Verse by James Rhoades. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co. THE PoETICAL Works of SAMUEL TAYLoR ColeRIDGE. Edited by James Dykes Campbell. New York: Macmillan & Co. avoid the influence of the accomplished fact, it is difficult to find in this volume any suggestion, much less any promise, of what was to come. Here and there we find a faintly Tennysonian phrase, such as this: “Groves of undulating pine, Upon whose heads the hoary vapours hung,” or this: “The thunder of the brazen prows O'er Actium's ocean rang,” or this: “A wan, dull, lengthen'd sheet of swimming light Lies the broad lake.” - But what we find for the most part are the plati- tudes of boyish rhetoric, and echoes of Byron or Moore. It is amusing to think that any work signed by Alfred Tennyson should deserve no better de- scription than is given by the phrase, “an echo of Moore.” Four pieces not included in the original edition are now first published from manuscript. They enrich English literature by such measures as this: .. Fare thee well! for I am parting To the realms of endless bliss; Why is thus thy full tear starting? There's a world more bright than this.” “Timbuctoo,” the prize poem of 1829, which the publishers have also added to the collection, is a dif- ferent matter. Here we can find our own Tennyson in many passages. The following has often been quoted, but is worth quoting again: “The clear galaxy Shorm of its hoary lustre, wonderful, Distinct and vivid with sharp points of light, Blaze within blaze, an unimagin'd depth And harmony of planet-girded suns And moon-encircled planets, wheel in wheel, Arch'd the wan sapphire.” Indeed, the growth in power of poetic expression that is evidenced by these and many other lines of “Timbuctoo,” when compared with the best of the “Poems by Two Brothers,” is one of the most striking things in all the record of the development of poetical genius. “King Poppy,” a posthumous poem by the Earl of Lytton, was written nearly twenty years ago, and subjected, during the rest of the author's lifetime, to constant revision and improvement. It was the author's favorite work, and exhibits, at their highest stage of development, his considerable powers as a writer of philosophic and fanciful verse. In 1880, he wrote of the poem to this effect: “The purpose of it, so far as it has any definite purpose, is not to prove that all is vanity, but to suggest what a poor tissue of unreality human life would be if the much despised influence of the imagination were banished from it. I think that the practical tendency of all the most popular formulas of social and political improvement is to exclude the imagin- ative element from the development of character and society, and to ignore its influence. . . . Holding this view, it was a relief to me to write “King Poppy,” and a sort of whimsical enjoyment to contemplate my own image of the perfection of government conducted by a puppet. Apart from this, the more purely literary idea I had in this poem was to shape out vaguely a sort of Golden Legend from the most venerable and familiar features or fragments of the fairy tales and ballads which float about the world, and which our wise generation relegates to the nursery.” 1893.] 41 THE DIAL We select the following lines from the introductory *• Legend," as well representing the charm of the work in iu more poetical passages: "Then ia a legend, tin low-breathing wind la Spring-time whispers to the trees and Huwrrm, That some good gift on every flower and tree A guardian god or goddess once bestow'd. I'an made the r««d melodious: Artemis With mystic influence flll'd the moon-fern: /ens The cypress, Cybele the pine, endow'd With aolemn grace: blithe Dionysus poar'd The strength of hi* indomitable mirth Into the sweet orb* of the cluster'd vine: Ethereal aiure from Athene's eyea Tlie dim vein* of the violet imbued With pensive beauty: (') thcrria'a kiaa t'riiiiftnird the balmy Immmiiu of the roar: l.enf of unfading lustre I'lm-hus gave To the green laurel: waaht in Hera's milk. White ahone the immaculate lily: and the ri|>e corn Iferaeter robed in oriental gold.1' "The Eloping Angels" is entirely unworthy of Mr. Watson's talents. That the author of •• Words- worth's Grave " should have wasted his time in the rotn|H>sition of a skit like this is simply amazing, and that he should have heen willing to give it pub- lication it rtill more amazing. The piece is evi- dently intended to be semi-humorous, but the hu- mor is elephantine, and the author's wit nearly always misses fire. Humor that does not warm and wit that does not illuminate, are things •• most tol- erable and not to be endured." The best comment upon the work is provided by iU own text: "This sort of prank, to me, is rather tame." Mr. Watson's good work is so very good that it is doubly a pity that he should publish anything so far below the level of his better self. Mr. T. E. Brown, the author of "Old John and Other Poems," is at least no imitator of other men's work. His manner, freakish to eccentricity, is all his own, although a superficial view might find it to resemble the manner of Browning. Much of his verse is too utterly formless to deserve seri- ous consideration, and yet there often emerges from the seeming chaos some ethical message that is startling in it* directness and its force. We also note in his work a vein of mysticism that is not without impressiveness. As an illustration of the author's more eccentric manner, we may take some very original verses from a poem which preaches upon a frequently recurring theme — that of the nerd of man's soul to get back to nature, to escape from the roil of a complex civilization and the sophistications of art. "The main purport of oar earthly nation. Which ia to permeate One aoul with fullest freight Of constant natural forma, not factual complication. "Dee were our life both frivolous and final. A mere akiomachy, Not succulent of growth, not officinal To what shall after be. Hut Fortune's devilry Of llarlr,|uia with smirk theatro-columbiaal." ** Israel and Hellas " is the title of one of the finer poems in the collection. It contrasts the two civ- ilizations much as Matthew Arnold was wont to do, although our later poet half doubts if the contrast were as great as it appears to us. We ipiote four stanzas that cinlxxly the central thought of the |>ociii. "And was it possible for them to hold A creed elastic in that lightaome air. And let sweet fablaa droop in flexile fold From off their shoulders bars, Loose-fitting, jewel-clasped with fancies rare? "Par not a* yet intense across the ssa Came the swart Hebrew with a fiery haste; In long brown arms entwined Kuphroayne, And ronnd her snowy waist Faat bound the Neaaua-n»be, that may not be displaced. "Yea, this is true; but the whole truth ia more; This wee not all the burning Orient gave; Through purple partings of her golden door Came gleams upon the wave, Ixmg shafts that search the souls of men who crave; "And probing* of the heart, and spirit-balm. And to deep questionings the deep replies Thst echo in the evorlaatiug calm All this from forth those skies. Beside (Jvheuna tire and worm that never dies." There is a large philosophy of life embodied in some of Mr. Brown's pieces, the stanzas to •• Pain " offer- ing a notable illustration. They open thus: "The man that hath great griefs I pity not; *T is something to be great In any wise, and hint the larger state. Though but in shadow of a shad", God wot! "Moreover, while we wait the possible. This man haa touched the fact. And probed till he has felt the corn, whan, packed In pulpy folds, resides the ironic ill." This is the close of the poem: "But tenfold one is he, who feels all pains Not partial, knowing them As ripples parted from the gold-tieaked stem Wherewith (tod's galley onward ever strains. "To him the sorrows are the tension-thrills Of that serene endeavor Which yields to (Jod forever and forever The joy thai ia more aucient than the hills." This is the deeper optimism that we find in Brown- ing, or in Carlyle's doctrine that not happiness but blessedness is the true aim of life. Enough has been said to show that Mr. Brown's work will repay study, that within its husks there may l>e found a sweet and nutritious kernel. The past year has brought many contributions of verse to its central Columbian theme, verse that has ranged all the way from the wooden epics of Mr. Kinahan Cornwallis to the lyrical measures of Miss Monroe's "Commemoration Ode." Mr. Louis James Block is the latest contributor to this Colum- bian literature, and his work takes the form of a sort of versified Culturgeschichte, having the dis- covery of America for its main episode. In spite of a few defects—a defective line now and then or an imperfect rhyme, an archaism or a verbal li- cense that occasionally goes beyond the limits of the admissible, a mysticism and a vagueness of ex- 12 [July 16, THE DIAL prcssion that sometimes lapses into obscurity,— in spite of these things, we think that Mr. Block has produced a very nohle |>oem, a poem not unworthy of it* great theme, and that stands in eloquent con- trast to many efforts that we will not for a moment draw from kindly oblivion by naming. Mr. Block's poem is in four sections—•• The Old World," " The Man," "The Deed," and "The New World" — with a dedication to the "Women of America." The first and last sections, with their poetic charac- terization of the supreme moments of history, show the author's work at its best, for they afford him the most opportunities for the fine philosophical gen- eralizations towards which he is led by his natural bent. As an illustration of this, as well as of the complex structure of the whole poem, we quote the stanza which sums up the part of India in the his- tory of ancient culture: "I'nder the fervid ikies, and mid the growth Of tangled forest* where the mountains vast Circle the shaded glens, a gloomy past Knwrapa a nobler people; ever loth To grasp the present (irmly, seeing both The worlds of earth and heaven in mist of dreams Enrobed and mingled. Uiey teemed bound by oath ()f high allegiance to the (hie who gleams Kecedmglr on the gaxe Turned Ilimwarda; by what ways Of eeverence from the body, down what streams Of anguish did they seek Him; the land teems With monstrous shapes and visions that enthrall; And chiefly thee, (> Huddh. the foiled one* call Savior and friend, thee clothed in contemplation's rest. And finding loss of all and nothingness the best." Felicitous passages abound in the poem. "People grown strong with very sight of (rod," gives admirable expression to the ethical mission of the Hebrew. "Freedom awoks with Greece, And violet -crowned pence; The soul was born and thought's first victory won," is both exquisite and adequate. The following fine tribute is paid to England: "O atern-browed Heroine far across the ana. Your daughter knows your blood within her veins. And hearkens to the ever-ringing strains Yoar voice has poured to honor liberty." Indeed, the whole poem u a song of the conquests of liberty, and closes in a vein that teem* inspired by Shelley's outburst: "Oh, happy earth, reality of heaven!" "One vision more!" sings the author. "One vision more! the spiritual city lies lieneath the sun; the all-sutMluinr, love Inhabits there as in the realm* aUjve; As lordly as the blue unclouded ski** Life passes, and the mighty dawn'* vuraiite Kearhes completion, and the deeps on deeps Of ■tunt which are seen alone of eyea Whew watch is kia la power that never slseps Are more and more revraled . The inmmt heat ens unsealed Comfort the heart where no more sngwish weeps. And open fields which faith forever reaps." The dramatic element, rather than the Uriral. is the characteristic component of Mr. Fawcett's "Songs of Doubt and Dream." The best of the poems are those either dramatic in form, a* "Two Scenes in the Life of Beau Brummell," or in spirit, ma the fine narrative of " Queen Christina and Ik- Liar." Hence we question the propriety of speci- fically styling the volume a collection of songs. The spontaneous grace and melody of the true lyric are qualities rarely exhibited in Mr. Fawcett's verse, but we have instead abundant energy devoted to a wide range of themes. We are inclined to think that the author has weighted his verse with more phil- osophy than it will bear, or rather, perhaps, that his philosophy lias not been sublimed in the proper alembic; it is often crude and merely prosaic in expression. The memorial verses to Courtlondt Palmer are excellent in thought and sympathy, yet we can hardly call poetry such lines aa these: "Yemen that bow tnsriewcw aayonr god Learn self-control and patience from her laws. Iteraeraber Newton and Copernicus Killed superstition with the sword of truth; They did not scare it dead with rhetoric; Hysteria never framed a syllogism. And logic murders like a gentleman." The -dream" of Mr. Fawcett's title, as well an the •• doubt," is justified by many pieces, from v>liiih we select, as among the more successful, " A Kctro- spect." "Wandering where mortals have no power to gangs The enormity of night that space ontrolla, Floated or paused, in shadowy pilgrimage, Two disembodied souls. "One towered** shape with dark wild-trailing shroud, With face by sorrow and anger seamed and drawn; One loomed a holy glory, as when some cloud Swims deep in baths of dawn. "World after world they gated on. till beguiled They Hew toward earth, and hovering where she swept. One with a saturnine dejection smiled. And one with slow taara wept. "' Oa that star.' said the spirit of sossbi * Aa I huste 1 pawned through pain's roost blinding 'On that star,' said the spirit of look serene, 'I suffered, and was Keats.'" There are in these linea echoes! of Tennyson and Aid rich, at least, and the felicity of several words (guage, enormity, loomed, dejection) may be ques- tioned, but the poem has merits, and is not unim- pressive. We have found nothing prettier or more nearly faultless in the volume than this "Aqua- relle": "Far away westward the rattle go, I Mting the land's dim edges; Isled in the roseate afterglow, Ikarken the long cloud-ledgea. "Ilnming each moment with warmer l*eam*. Moon, by your sweet chaste power Lall the world Into lotaa-drearas. While yon hang like a lotaw-nower." On the whole, Mr. Fawcett's volume comprises Uie beat work in verse that he has yet given us, ami fairly entitles him to a place among our American poets of the second rank- 1893.] 43 THE DIAL Mr. Cawein's new volume has the general charac- teristics of its predecessors — the cloying imagery and the verbal trickery; but we hear at times a stronger note than he has been wont to sound,— a graver, if a no less passionate, strain. There is still too much of this sort of thing: "Fly out with flirt and fluting — As rlios a falling star From flaming star-beds shooting,— From where the roses are," but there are also verses like these: "Once when the morning on the curling breakers, Along the foaming sand, Flashed expectation, by the ocean's acres, Love took command. "And so we sailed, /Eolian music melting Around our silken sails; The bubbled foam our prow of sandal pelting With rainbow gales." Mr. Cawein's Muse, in her less exuberant moods, gives promise of excellent things. One does not expect very much from undergrad- uate college verse. "Under the Scarlet and Black" is perhaps deserving of a word of mention as the first book of verse that has yet hailed from a West- ern college, for the collection comes to us from Grinnell, Iowa. The honors of the volume are borne off by Miss Mary Bowen and Miss Bertha Booth (both of this year's class), and, after some hesitation, we select a piece by the former writer — a sonnet "To Emily Dickinson": "A harp ^Eolian on a lonely sill Was placed to feel the subtle wind's soft touch. Perhaps its strains were burdened overmuch With Nature's sadness and her discords; still. Responsive to its master's touchless thrill, It told the clover's whisper to the breeze, The wordless plaint of wind-swept winter trees, With melody unknown to human skill. So in the quiet of a life apart From other lives, their passion and their pain, The hand of Nature touched thy tuneVl heart, And, lo, thou utterest in simple strain A song too thought-rich for a fettered art, Yet bearing ever Nature's sad refrain." Professor Newton M. Hall introduces the volume with a brief sketch of journalism in Iowa College. We have hardly found anything as good as the above sonnet in "Cap and Gown," although Mr. J. L. Harrison, the editor, has chosen his contents from some forty college papers. Most of his pieces are love lyrics of a somewhat callow sort, written in the exotic verse-forms that seem so easy, yet in which real success is reached only by the mas- ters. The verses to " Eleanor," by Mr. J. H. Boyn- ton, are perhaps as successful as anything in the collection. "I do not think she loves me yet, Her glance meets mine direct and free; Its very sweetness seems to set A bar between herself and me. "I never touched her lips with mine, I dare not dream I ever may; Still when I come her eyes will shine, And soften when I go away. "Some hours I cannot well forget, Perhaps she may remember too. I knew I loved her when we met. She never seemed as others do. "I loved to watch her flushing cheek, Her soft hair carelessly astray. To see her smile, to hear her speak, And still have loved her every day. "I do not think she loves me yet, I dare not think she ever may; I know I loved her when we met. And still have loved her every day." The binding of this volume, with its hydrangea- decorated covers, is original and exquisite enough to call for a special word of praise. The title-page of "Under King Constantine" gives us no author's name, but we understand the authorship of the book has been acknowledged by Mrs. Spencer Trask. Mrs. Trask has undertaken the hazardous experiment of writing Arthurian idyls, and her little volume comprises three such poems — narratives expanded from hints in Malory. A passage describing the vision of the Grail will show the character of the verse: "One night at midnight came the ray again, And with it came a strange expectancy Of spirit as the light waxed radiant. The cell was filled with spicy odours sweet, And on the midnight stillness song was borne As sweet as heaven's harmony — the words — The same Sir Launcelot had heard of old — 'Honour and joy be to the Father of Heaven.' With wide eyes searching his lone cell for cause He waited: as the ray became more clear And more effulgent than the mid-day sun. He trembled with that chill of mortal flesh Beholding spiritual things. At last — Now vaguely as though veiled by light, and then With shining clearness, perfectly — he saw The sight unspeakable, transcending words." The purpose of Mrs. Trask's verse is serious and sincere, but the execution is amateurish, and an ex- tremely qualified praise is all that can be given the volume. Mr. Richard Hovey's "Seaward " is an elegy, in forty-five seven-line stanzas, upon the late Thomas William Parsons. It is elaborate in construction and extremely discursive in treatment. We quote one of the stanzas: "But who is this that from the mightier shades Emerges, seeing whose sacred laureate hair Thou start est forward trembling through the glades, Advancing upturned palms of filial prayer? Long hast thou served him; now, of lineament Not stern but strenuous still, thy pious care He comes to guerdon. Art though not content?" One of Mr. Hovey's notes obligingly informs us that the reference of this passage is to Dante. A study of Parsons, reprinted from " The Atlantic Monthly," serves, with the notes, to thicken the booklet into what may be called a volume. Professor William Hyde Appleton, of Swarth- riiovt' College, has made and annotated a collection of translated passages of Greek poetry, naming the volume "Greek Poets in English Verse," and sup- 44 [July 16, THE DIAL plying an introduction of no great value. The in- troduction, in fact, is little more than a summary of the Homeric poems and three or four selected tragedies. It is not noticeably critical, and lapses into the style sophomoric. We may remark inci- dentally that " deeper than ever plummet sounded" is not a quotation from any author known to us. Mr. Appleton's volume is intended as an aid to the "classical course in English " of which overmuch is nowadays heard from university extension lecturers. The idea of such courses is an excellent one, pro- vided only they fall into the right hands, but the attempts thus far made to give them seem to have been unfortunate. Mr. Appleton's selections include copious extracts from Homer and the four dram- atists, and many short passages from the lyric and elegiac poets and the Anthology. We are aware that in any work of this sort much allowance should be made for the tastes of the compiler, and that no collector of elegant extracts (not even Mr. Pal- grave ) ever quite satisfied all his readers. But Mr. Appleton has missed so many of the things that ought to have gone into his book that we must ven- ture a word of unfavorable comment. His fear "that some one of his readers may miss the very thing that he hopes to find" is only too well war- ranted, for is it possible that any reader should not have hoped and confidently expected to find, in the Homeric section, Lord Tennyson's "Achilles over the French"? "Language as divine almost as Homer's own," Mr. Theodore Watts calls it, and 'whatever else was omitted, surely that ought not to have been. Another omission as conspicuous is that of Mr. Swinburne's translation of the chorus from the "Birds." Compared with that, all other translations from Aristophanes (even Mr. Lang's version of the ' Clouds ' chorus ) are simply nowhere. When we add that neither the "Agamemnon" of Browning or of Fitz Gerald is represented, and that Calverley's " Theocritus" is wholly ignored, we feel justified in asserting that Mr. Appleton's work is not done as well as it should have been. The late John Osborne Sargent, lawyer and journalist, was a life-long lover of Horace, and a man singularly fitted by temperament to sympa- thize with the Horatian point of view. During the last ten years of his life, he devoted his leisure hours to the translation of his favorite poet, and the work, which includes all but a dozen or so of the odes, is now published by his daughter, Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes contributing an introduction. The volume must be reckoned among the best of the many attempts to perform the alluring but diffi- cult task of Horatian translation. Mr. Sargent commands a variety of metrical forms, and his most satisfactory work is done in the grave iambic measures chosen for the more serious of the odes. We may take as an example the " Exegi monumen- tum :ere perennius": "A monument more durable than brass Of height no regal pyramids surpass, I hare achieved a work that will outlast The waste of waters or the northern blast. I shall not wholly die, but much of me, My better part shall reach posterity. No flight of seasons shall obscure my name. But serial ages shall increase my fame. While to the Capitol, to Time's last day. Pontiff and vestal tread the sacred way, It shall be told of one of humble birth, Now potent with the magnates of the earth — Bred where he heard Ofanto's torrent roar. When Daunus' subjects ploughed its arid shore — That he first wed — to him that praise belongs — , Kolian measures to Italian songs. With guerdon crown desert, Melpomene, And give the Delphic laurel wreath to me." If Mr. Sargent's versions are often inadequate, they are at least never undignified or lacking in either taste or feeling. He has fairly escaped the beset- ting sin of many Horatian translators—that of vul- garizing their original. Mr. James Rhoades, whose version of books I.-VI. of the "^Eneid" has just appeared, apol- ogizes for adding another to the already numerous translations of Virgil (" Vergil " he styles the poet), and says: "It has seemed to me that, if one could produce a version of the 'iEneid' that should be in itself an English poem, and at the same time a faithful reflection of the original, neither adding to the text nor diminishing from it, such an achieve- ment would be worth the time and labor required for the task." This is, indeed, the whole problem, and we are bound to say that Mr. Rhoades has been one of the most successful of those who have en- deavored to solve it. We make a brief extract from the prophecy of the sixth book. "Here is Csesar, here The whole line of lulus, that thall pass One day beneath the mighty pole of heaven. This, this the man so oft foretold to thee, Cassar Augustus, a god's son, who shall The golden age rebuild through Latian fields Once ruled by Saturn, and push far his sway O'er Garamantians and the tribes of Ind, A land that lies beyond the stars, beyond The year's path and the sun's, where, prop of heaven. Atlas upon his shoulders turns the pole, Studded with burning constellations." This is excellent verse, and the elevation is fairly sustained throughout the translation. Of the new edition of Coleridge, which we must dismiss with a word, the principal things to be said are that it offers a critical edition of the text alto- gether superior to any previously in existence, a compact and fairly exhaustive body of notes, and an introductory biography that must at once super- sede all others, and remain for an indefinite period the standard authority for the life of the poet. It is difficult to accord to Mr. Campbell's labors the praise that they deserve; no previous editor of Cole- ridge has approached him either in knowledge or in painstaking industry. The memoir, we understand, is to be republished by itself, a compliment of which it is entirely worthy. William Morton Payne. 1893.J 45 THE DIAL Briefs ox New Books. Mr. Leslie Stephen is a superbly Mr. Leslie Stephen y\„0T0US and trenchant writer. He as an apologist. ° belongs with Mr. John Morley to that younger school of English radicals who have discarded the rhetorical bravery of the poets and orators of the Revolution, have outgrown the nar- rowness and harshness of the original Bentham- ite, have supplemented will by evolution and added culture and the historic sense to Herbert Spencer. Their only fault is that they are at all times sweetly reasonable and on all topics hopelessly and irreme- diably right. Mr. Stephen has but one weakness —a fondness for parson-baiting, an itching for the- ological polemic, a desire to do over again the work of Voltaire. He knows better. He has read his Matthew Arnold and his Renan, and is aware that for this gross work " Voltaire suffii." But at times the unregenerate blood grows hot within him, he "bites his thumb," he "remembers his everlasting blow," and sallies forth to confound the orthodox with "An Agnostic's Apology, and Other Essays" (Putnam). "Why," he passionately exclaims, "when no honest man will deny in private that every ultimate problem is wrapped in the profound- est mystery, do honest men proclaim in pulpits that unhesitating certainty is the duty of the most fool- ish and ignorant"? Why, perhaps because, as Emerson says, "All the Muses and love and reli- gion hate these developments and will find a way to punish the chemist who publishes in the parlor the secrets of the laboratory." And if this is so, what is the use of proving by irrefragable logic that the "scepticism of believers" is really more par- alyzing to progress than " scepticism about the shift- ing phantasmagoria of theology." What profits it to combat "the Higher Pantheism " by a demon- stration that the dreams of theologians are not more than half true while they last, and that if we will live in dreams we lose our firm grasp of realities? Of what avail solemnly to analyze and refute Cardinal Newman's "Theory of Belief "? Do any thinkers take seriously this "theory of belief," or its author, except as a "stylist" and a "grand old man "? And, when all is said, will Mr. Stephen's seventy pages of close reasoning convince anybody who is not already satisfied with Arnold's quiet affirmation that "Cardinal Newman has accepted a solution which is, frankly speaking, impossible "? The del- icate irony of Mr. Stephen's essay on "The Reli- gion of All Sensible Men " will delight the literary epicure. But will it induce one "sensible man " to come out if his interest bids him keep the peace? Does it really bring us any nearer the solution of the painful questions of conscience started in Mr. Morley's " Compromise "? The discussion of the entire problem of persecution in the essay on " Poi- sonous Opinions " is an admirable philosophic sup- plement to Mill's essay on "Liberty." But will it make it possible for the Professor of Psychology to deliver his whole thought in any chair in the United Some delightful burlesque* on the plays of Ibsen. States or England? But we are wrong. Supersti- tion and intolerance are always striving for the mastery of the world, and must be combated in many ways. The slow gentle solvents of Renan's irony, of Arnold's freely-playing consciousness, and of Mr. Patera's tolerant interest in all errors that assume picturesque forms, will not suffice. There will always be enough neutrals, lovers of peace and advocates of compromise and accomodation. And so, lest the conflict prove too unequal, the philosophic onlooker, accepting with a grimace the service of the vitriol of Voltaire and the bludgeon of Inger- soll, will gladly welcome the finely-tempered, keen, trenchant blade of Mr. Stephen. The humorous talent of Mr. Guthrie (F. Anstey) has never been better dis- played than in " Mr. Punch's Pocket Ibsen" (Macmillan), described as "a collection of some of the master's best-known dramas, condensed, revised, and slightly rearranged for the benefit of the earnest student." Herr Ibsen's later works are good game for the parodist, and Mr. Guthrie has made the most of his opportunities. One would have to be a very crabbed and uncompromising Ibsenite not to smile at these delightful burlesques, which touch with inimitable skill the weak spots of the works which they parody, and give humorous exaggeration to the points that most clearly.lend themselves to satirical treatment. "Rosmersholm," "A Doll Home," " Hedda Gabler," and " The Wild Duck" are thus presented in revised forms, while in "Pill-doctor Herdal" we have "rather a rev- erent attempt to tread in the footprints of the Nor- wegian dramatist, than a version of any actually existing masterpiece." The author confesses that "his imitation is painfully lacking in the magnifi- cently impenetrable obscurity of the original, that the vein of allegorical symbolism is thinner through- out than it should be, and that the characters are not nearly as mad as persons invariably are in real life," but even with these drawbacks, "Pill-doctor Herdal " offers no lack of mirthful entertainment. We must find space for one illustrative extract. It should be premised that, after the death of Byg- mester Solness, his widow has married Dr. Herdal. Into their household enters Hilde Wangel (who turns out to be no other than Nora of "A Doll Home," emancipated at last), just as previously she had come into Solness's life. The scene we quote is between Herdal and his wife: "Dr. Herdal (drinks a glass of punch).—You're right enough there. If I had not been called in to prescribe for Dr. Ryval, who used to have the leading practice here, I should never have stepped so wonderfully into his shoes as I did. (Changes to a tone of quiet chuckling merriment.) Let me tell you a funny story, Aline; it sounds a ludicrous thing — but all my good fortune here was based upon a simple lit- tle pill. For if Dr. Ryval had never taken it — "Mrs. Herdal (anxiously I.— Then you do think it was the pill that caused him to? "Dr. Herdal.— On the contrary; I am perfectly sure the pill had nothing whatever to do with it — the inquest made it quite clear that it was really the liniment. But don't you see. 44 THE DIAL [July 16, plying an introduction of no great value. The in- troduction, in fact, is little more than a summary of the Homeric poems and three or four selected tragedies. It is not noticeably critical, and lapses into the style sophomoric. We may remark inci- dentally that “deeper than ever plummet sounded ” is not a quotation from any author known to us. Mr. Appleton's volume is intended as an aid to the “classical course in English" of which overmuch is nowadays heard from university extension lecturers. The idea of such courses is an excellent one, pro- vided only they fall into the right hands, but the attempts thus far made to give them seem to have been unfortunate. Mr. Appleton's selections include copious extracts from Homer and the four dram- atists, and many short passages from the lyric and elegiac poets and the Anthology. We are aware that in any work of this sort much allowance should be made for the tastes of the compiler, and that no collector of elegant extracts (not even Mr. Pal- grave) ever quite satisfied all his readers. But Mr. Appleton has missed so many of the things that ought to have gone into his book that we must ven- ture a word of unfavorable comment. His fear “that some one of his readers may miss the very thing that he hopes to find" is only too well war- ranted, for is it possible that any reader should not have hoped and confidently expected to find, in the Homeric section, Lord Tennyson’s “Achilles over the French "? “Language as divine almost as Homer's own,” Mr. Theodore Watts calls it, and whatever else was omitted, surely that ought not to have been. Another omission as conspicuous is that of Mr. Swinburne's translation of the chorus from the “Birds.” Compared with that, all other translations from Aristophanes (even Mr. Lang's version of the ‘Clouds' chorus) are simply nowhere. When we add that neither the “Agamemnon" of Browning or of FitzGerald is represented, and that Calverley's “Theocritus” is wholly ignored, we feel justified in asserting that Mr. Appleton's work is not done as well as it should have been. The late John Osborne Sargent, lawyer and journalist, was a life-long lover of Horace, and a man singularly fitted by temperament to sympa- thize with the Horatian point of view. During the last ten years of his life, he devoted his leisure hours to the translation of his favorite poet, and the work, which includes all but a dozen or so of the odes, is now published by his daughter, Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes contributing an introduction. The volume must be reckoned among the best of the many attempts to perform the alluring but diffi- cult task of Horatian translation. Mr. Sargent commands a variety of metrical forms, and his most satisfactory work is done in the grave iambic measures chosen for the more serious of the odes. We may take as an example the “Exegi monumen- tum aere perennius”: “A monument more durable than brass Of height no regal pyramids surpass, I have achieved a work that will outlast The waste of waters or the northern blast. I shall not wholly die, but much of me, My better part shall reach posterity. No flight of seasons shall obscure my name, But serial ages shall increase my fame. While to the Capitol, to Time's last day, Pontiff and vestal tread the sacred way, It shall be told of one of humble birth, Now potent with the magnates of the earth – Bred where he heard Ofanto's torrent roar, When Daunus' subjects ploughed its arid shore— That he first wed—to him that praise belongs— AEolian measures to Italian songs. With guerdon crown desert, Melpomene, And give the Delphic laurel wreath to me.” If Mr. Sargent's versions are often inadequate, they are at least never undignified or lacking in either taste or feeling. He has fairly escaped the beset- ting sin of many Horatian translators—that of vul- garizing their original. Mr. James Rhoades, whose version of books I-VI. of the “Aeneid” has just appeared, apol- ogizes for adding another to the already numerous translations of Virgil (“Vergil" he styles the poet), and says: “It has seemed to me that, if one could produce a version of the “AEneid’ that should be in itself an English poem, and at the same time a faithful reflection of the original, neither adding to the text nor diminishing from it, such an achieve- ment would be worth the time and labor required for the task.” This is, indeed, the whole problem, and we are bound to say that Mr. Rhoades has been one of the most successful of those who have en- deavored to solve it. We make a brief extract from the prophecy of the sixth book. “Here is Caesar, here The whole line of Iulus, that thall pass One day beneath the mighty pole of heaven. This, this the man so oft foretold to thee, Caesar Augustus, a god's son, who shall The golden age rebuild through Latian fields Once ruled by Saturn, and push far his sway O'er Garamantians and the tribes of Ind, A land that lies beyond the stars, beyond The year's path and the sun's, where, prop of heaven, Atlas upon his shoulders turns the pole, Studded with burning constellations.” This is excellent verse, and the elevation is fairly sustained throughout the translation. Of the new edition of Coleridge, which we must dismiss with a word, the principal things to be said are that it offers a critical edition of the text alto- gether superior to any previously in existence, a compact and fairly exhaustive body of notes, and an introductory biography that must at once super- sede all others, and remain for an indefinite period the standard authority for the life of the poet. It is difficult to accord to Mr. Campbell's labors the praise that they deserve; no previous editor of Cole. ridge has approached him either in knowledge or in painstaking industry. The memoir, we understand, is to be republished by itself, a compliment of which it is entirely worthy. WILLIAM MoRTON PAYNE- 1898.] THE DIAL 45 BRIEFs on NEw Books. Mr. Leslie Stephen is a superbly M. Leºsºphe" vigorous and trenchant writer. He as an apologist. belongs with Mr. John Morley to that younger school of English radicals who have discarded the rhetorical bravery of the poets and orators of the Revolution, have outgrown the nar- rowness and harshness of the original Bentham- ite, have supplemented will by evolution and added culture and the historic sense to Herbert Spencer. Their only fault is that they are at all times sweetly reasonable and on all topics hopelessly and irreme- diably right. Mr. Stephen has but one weakness —a fondness for parson-baiting, an itching for the- ological polemic, a desire to do over again the work of Woltaire. He knows better. He has read his Matthew Arnold and his Renan, and is aware that for this gross work “Voltaire suffit.” But at times the unregenerate blood grows hot within him, he “bites his thumb,” he “remembers his everlasting blow,” and sallies forth to confound the orthodox with “An Agnostic's Apology, and Other Essays” (Putnam). “Why,” he passionately exclaims, “when no honest man will deny in private that every ultimate problem is wrapped in the profound- est mystery, do honest men proclaim in pulpits that unhesitating certainty is the duty of the most fool- ish and ignorant"? Why, perhaps because, as Emerson says, “All the Muses and love and reli- gion hate these developments and will find a way to punish the chemist who publishes in the parlor the secrets of the laboratory.” And if this is so, what is the use of proving by irrefragable logic that the “scepticism of believers ” is really more par- alyzing to progress than “scepticism about the shift- ing phantasmagoria of theology.” What profits it to combat “the Higher Pantheism” by a demon- stration that the dreams of theologians are not more than half true while they last, and that if we will live in dreams we lose our firm grasp of realities? Of what avail solemnly to analyze and refute Cardinal Newman's “Theory of Belief"? Do any thinkers take seriously this “theory of belief,” or its author, except as a “stylist” and a “grand old man”? And, when all is said, will Mr. Stephen's seventy pages of close reasoning convince anybody who is not already satisfied with Arnold's quiet affirmation that “Cardinal Newman has accepted a solution which is, frankly speaking, impossible”? The del- icate irony of Mr. Stephen's essay on “The Reli- gion of All Sensible Men” will delight the literary epicure. But will it induce one “sensible man” to come out if his interest bids him keep the peace? Does it really bring us any nearer the solution of the painful questions of conscience started in Mr. Morley’s “Compromise” The discussion of the entire problem of persecution in the essay on “Poi- sonous Opinions” is an admirable philosophic sup- plement to Mill's essay on “Liberty.” But will it make it possible for the Professor of Psychology to deliver his whole thought in any chair in the United States or England? But we are wrong. Supersti- tion and intolerance are always striving for the mastery of the world, and must be combated in many ways. The slow gentle solvents of Renan's irony, of Arnold's freely-playing consciousness, and of Mr. Paters's tolerant interest in all errors that assume picturesque forms, will not suffice. There will always be enough neutrals, lovers of peace and advocates of compromise and accomodation. And so, lest the conflict prove too unequal, the philosophic onlooker, accepting with a grimace the service of the vitriol of Voltaire and the bludgeon of Inger- soll, will gladly welcome the finely-tempered, keen, trenchant blade of Mr. Stephen. S. - The humorous talent of Mr. Guthrie ome delightful - tº the (F. Anstey) has never been better dis- *** played than in “Mr. Punch's Pocket Ibsen” (Macmillan), described as “a collection of some of the master's best-known dramas, condensed, revised, and slightly rearranged for the benefit of the earnest student.” Herr Ibsen's later works are good game for the parodist, and Mr. Guthrie has made the most of his opportunities. One would have to be a very crabbed and uncompromising Ibsenite not to smile at these delightful burlesques, which touch with inimitable skill the weak spots of the works which they parody, and give humorous exaggeration to the points that most clearly lend themselves to satirical treatment. “Rosmersholm,” “A Doll Home,” “Hedda Gabler,” and “The Wild Duck” are thus presented in revised forms, while in “Pill-doctor Herdal’’ we have “rather a rev- erent attempt to tread in the footprints of the Nor- wegian dramatist, than a version of any actually existing masterpiece.” The author confesses that “his imitation is painfully lacking in the magnifi- cently impenetrable obscurity of the original, that the vein of allegorical symbolism is thinner through- out than it should be, and that the characters are not nearly as mad as persons invariably are in real life,” but even with these drawbacks, “Pill-doctor Herdal” offers no lack of mirthful entertainment. We must find space for one illustrative extract. It should be premised that, after the death of Byg- mester Solness, his widow has married Dr. Herdal. Into their household enters Hilde Wangel (who turns out to be no other than Nora of “A Doll Home,” emancipated at last), just as previously she had come into Solness's life. The scene we quote is between Herdal and his wife: “DR. HERDAL (drinks a glass of punch).-You're right enough there. If I had not been called in to prescribe for Dr. Ryval, who used to have the leading practice here, I should never have stepped so wonderfully into his shoes as I did. (Changes to a tone of quiet chuckling merriment.) Let me tell you a funny story, Aline; it sounds a ludicrous thing —but all my good fortune here was based upon a simple lit- tle pill. For if Dr. Ryval had never taken it— “MRs. HERDAL i anriously).-Then you do think it was the pill that caused him to —? “DR. HERDAL.-On the contrary; I am perfectly sure the pill had nothing whatever to do with it – the inquest made it quite clear that it was really the liniment. But don't you see, ! [July 16, 44 THE DIAL —- =T plying an introduction of no great value. The in- troduction, in fact, is little more than a summary of the Homeric poems and three or four selected tragedies. It is not noticeably critical, and lapses into the style sophomoric. We may remark nº dentally that “deeper than ever plummet sounded is not a quotation from any author known to us. Mr. Appleton's volume is intended as an aid to the “classical course in English" of which overmuch is nowadays heard from university extension lecturers. The idea of such courses is an excellent one, pro- vided only they fall into the right hands, but the attempts thus far made to give them seem to have been unfortunate. Mr. Appleton's selections include copious extracts from Homer and the four dram- atists, and many short passages from the lyric and elegiac poets and the Anthology. We are aware that in any work of this sort much allowance should be made for the tastes of the compiler, and that no collector of elegant extracts (not even Mr. Pal- grave) ever quite satisfied all his readers. But Mr. Appleton has missed so many of the things that ought to have gone into his book that we must ven- ture a word of unfavorable comment. His fear “that some one of his readers may miss the very thing that he hopes to find” is only too well war. ranted, for is it possible that any reader should not have hoped and confidently expected to find, in the Homeric section, Lord Tennyson's “Achilles over the French"? “Language as divine almost as Homer's own,” Mr. Theodore Watts calls it, and whatever else was omitted, surely that ought not to have been. Another omission as conspicuous is that of Mr. Swinburne's translation of the chorus from the “Birds.” Compared with that, all other translations from Aristophanes (even Mr. Lang's version of the ‘Clouds' chorus) are simply nowhere. When we add that neither the “Agamemnon" of Browning or of FitzGerald is represented, and that Calverley's “Theocritus” is wholly ignored, we feel justified in asserting that Mr. Appleton's work is not done as well as it should have been. The late John Osborne Sargent, lawyer and journalist, was a life-long lover of Horace, and a man singularly fitted by temperament to sympa- thize with the Horatian point of view. During the last ten years of his life, he devoted his leisure hours to the translation of his favorite poet, and the work, which includes all but a dozen or so of the odes, is now published by his daughter, Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes contributing an introduction. The volume must be reckoned among the best of the many attempts to perform the alluring but diffi- cult task of Horatian translation. Mr. Sargent commands a variety of metrical forms, and his most satisfactory work is done in the grave iambic measures chosen for the more serious of the odes. We may take as an example the “Exegi monumen- tum aere perennius”: “A monument more durable than brass Of height no regal pyramids surpass, ve achieved a work that will outlast #. º of waters or the northern blast. I shall not wholly die, but much of Imé, My better part shall reach posterity. No flight of seasons shall obscure my name. put serial ages shall increase my fame. while to the Capitol, to Time's last day, Pontiff and vestal tread the sacred way, It shall be told of one of humble birth, Now potent with the magnates of the earth – Bred where he heard Ofanto's torrent roar, When Daunus' subjects ploughed its arid shore- That he first wed—to him that praise belongs- AEolian measures to Italian songs. With guerdon crown desert, Melpomene, And give the Delphic laurel wreath to me.” If Mr. Sargent's versions are often inadequate, they are at least never undignified or lacking in either taste or feeling. He has fairly escaped the beset- ting sin of many Horatian translators—that of vul- garizing their original. Mr. James Rhoades, whose version of books I-VI. of the “Aeneid” has just appeared, apol- ogizes for adding another to the already numerous translations of Virgil (“Vergil" he styles the poet), and says: “It has seemed to me that, if one could produce a version of the “AEneid’ that should be in itself an English poem, and at the same time a faithful reflection of the original, neither adding to the text nor diminishing from it, such an achieve- ment would be worth the time and labor required for the task.” This is, indeed, the whole problem, and we are bound to say that Mr. Rhoades has been one of the most successful of those who have en- deavored to solve it. We make a brief extract from the prophecy of the sixth book. “Here is Caesar, here The whole line of Iulus, that thall pass One day beneath the mighty pole of heaven. This, this the man so oft foretold to thee, Cesar Augustus, a god's son, who shall The golden age rebuild through Latian fields Once ruled by Saturn, and push far his sway O'er Garamantians and the tribes of Ind, A land that lies beyond the stars, beyond The year's path and the sun's, where, prop of heaven, Atlas upon his shoulders turns the pole, Studded with burning constellations.” This is excellent verse, and the elevation is fairly sustained throughout the translation. Of the new edition of Coleridge, which we must dismiss with a word, the principal things to be said are that it offers a critical edition of the text alto- gether superior to any previously in existence, a compact and fairly exhaustive body of notes, and an introductory biography that must at once super- sede all others, and remain for an indefinite period the standard authority for the life of the poet. It is difficult to accord to Mr. Campbell's labors the praise that they deserve; no previous editor of Cole. ridge has approached him either in knowledge or in painstaking industry. The memoir, we understand, is to be republished by itself, a compliment of which it is entirely worthy. WILLIAM MoRTON PAYNE- 1893.] THE DIAL 45 BRIEFs on NEw Books. Mr. Leslie Stephen is a superbly M. ſºlºsºphe" vigorous and trenchant writer. He as an apologist. belongs with Mr. John Morley to that younger school of English radicals who have discarded the rhetorical bravery of the poets and orators of the Revolution, have outgrown the nar- rowness and harshness of the original Bentham- ite, have supplemented will by evolution and added culture and the historic sense to Herbert Spencer. Their only fault is that they are at all times sweetly reasonable and on all topics hopelessly and irreme- diably right. Mr. Stephen has but one weakness —a fondness for parson-baiting, an itching for the- ological polemic, a desire to do over again the work of Voltaire. He knows better. He has read his Matthew Arnold and his Renan, and is aware that for this gross work “Voltaire suffit.” But at times the unregenerate blood grows hot within him, he “bites his thumb,” he “remembers his everlasting blow,” and sallies forth to confound the orthodox with “An Agnostic's Apology, and Other Essays.” (Putnam). “Why,” he passionately exclaims, “when no honest man will deny in private that every ultimate problem is wrapped in the profound- est mystery, do honest men proclaim in pulpits that unhesitating certainty is the duty of the most fool- ish and ignorant"? Why, perhaps because, as Emerson says, “All the Muses and love and reli- gion hate these developments and will find a way to punish the chemist who publishes in the parlor the secrets of the laboratory.” And if this is so, what is the use of proving by irrefragable logic that the “scepticism of believers ” is really more par- alyzing to progress than “scepticism about the shift- ing phantasmagoria of theology.” What profits it to combat “the Higher Pantheism” by a demon- stration that the dreams of theologians are not more than half true while they last, and that if we will live in dreams we lose our firm grasp of realities? Of what avail solemnly to analyze and refute Cardinal Newman's “Theory of Belief"? Do any thinkers take seriously this “theory of belief,” or its author, except as a “stylist” and a “grand old man”? And, when all is said, will Mr. Stephen's seventy pages of close reasoning convince anybody who is not already satisfied with Arnold's quiet affirmation that “Cardinal Newman has accepted a solution which is, frankly speaking, impossible”? The del- icate irony of Mr. Stephen's essay on “The Reli- gion of All Sensible Men" will delight the literary epicure. But will it induce one “sensible man” to come out if his interest bids him keep the peace? Does it really bring us any nearer the solution of the painful questions of conscience started in Mr. Morley’s “Compromise”? The discussion of the entire problem of persecution in the essay on “Poi- sonous Opinions” is an admirable philosophies. plement to Mill's essay on “Liberty.º.B. make it possible for the Professo deliver his whole thoughtin States or England? But we are wrong. Supersti- tion and intolerance are always striving for the mastery of the world, and must be combated in many ways. The slow gentle solvents of Renan's irony, of Arnold's freely-playing consciousness, and of Mr. Paters's tolerant interest in all errors that assume picturesque forms, will not suffice. There will always be enough neutrals, lovers of peace and advocates of compromise and accomodation. And so, lest the conflict prove too unequal, the philosophic onlooker, accepting with a grimace the service of the vitriol of Voltaire and the bludgeon of Inger- soll, will gladly welcome the finely-tempered, keen, trenchant blade of Mr. Stephem. Some delightful The humorous talent of Mr. Guthrie tº the (F. Anstey) has never been better dis- *** played than in “Mr. Punch's Pocket Ibsen” (Macmillan), described as “a collection of some of the master's best-known dramas, condensed, revised, and slightly rearranged for the benefit of the earnest student.” Herr Ibsen's later works are good game for the parodist, and Mr. Guthrie has made the most of his opportunities. One would have to be a very crabbed and uncompromising Ibsenite not to smile at these delightful burlesques, which touch with inimitable skill the weak spots of the works which they parody, and give humorous exaggeration to the points that most clearly lend themselves to satirical treatment. “Rosmersholm,” “A Doll Home,” “Hedda Gabler,” and “The Wild Duck” are thus presented in revised forms, while in “Pill-doctor Herdal” we have “rather a rev- erent attempt to tread in the footprints of the Nor- wegian dramatist, than a version of any actually existing masterpiece.” The author confesses that “his imitation is painfully lacking in the magnifi- cently impenetrable obscurity of the original, that the vein of allegorical symbolism is thinner through- out than it should be, and that the characters are not nearly as mad as persons invariably are in real life,” but even with these drawbacks, “Pill-doctor Herdal” offers no lack of mirthful entertainment. We must find space for one illustrative extract. It should be premised that, after the death of Byg- mester Solness, his widow has married Dr. Herdal. Into their household enters Hilde Wangel (who turns out to be no other than Nora of “A Doll Home,” emancipated at last), just as previously she had come into Solness's life. The scene we quote is between Herdal and his wife: “DR. HERDAL (drinks a glass of punch).-You're right enough there...If I had not been called in to preseribe for Dr. Ryval, who used to have the leading practice here, I never ha d so wonderfully into his shoes as I did. (Chºn ºuiet c. merriment.) Let - se licrous thing a simple lit- *Mr. ink it was tly sure the ºst made it ou See, 46 THE DIAL [July 16, Aline, what tortures me night and day is the thought that it might unconsciously have been the pill which –. Never to be free from that ' To have such a thought gnawing and burning always—always, like a moral mustard poultice (He takes more punch.) “MRs. HERDAL.-Yes; I suppose there is a poultice of that sort burning on every breast—and we must never take it off either—it is our simple duty to keep it on. I, too, Haustus, am haunted by a fancy that if this Miss Wangel were to ring at our bell now —” At this juncture, Miss Wangel does ring at the bell, but what follows must be left to imagination, or found out by our readers for themselves. The endeavor of Mr. Henry M. Boies in “Prisoners and Paupers ” (Putnam) is to state and emphasize the alarming increase in the United States of our criminal and dependent classes. The ordinary reader will be led by his pages to conclude that our nation is fast going to ruin. Statistics of crime and poverty are given, which, on their face, show that vice is growing with tremendous rapidity and that destitution will soon become general. The author discusses the problems of intemperance, im- migration, our urban population, the negro race, and jails and poor-houses, in a way to multiply our fears rather than to enlighten us respecting causes and remedies. These are indeed great problems, worthy serious attention and in need of wise action. But while Mr. Boies is a gentleman of earnestness and experience, it is clear that he has no such skill in handling statistics as Mr. Carroll D. Wright, and no such scientific ability in studying social phe- nomena as Dr. Amos G. Warner. In some cases, he does not seem to understand the figures which he uses, while in other cases he indulges in careless statements. He shows that since 1850, criminals have increased three times as fast as our population. This is indeed what appears upon the face of re- turns. But it is evident that we are not three times as wicked a people as forty years ago! When we look at the statistics more carefully, we see that the comparison is vitiated by several factors: (1) The criminal acts of the negro race are ex- cluded from the census of 1850, but included in that of 1890, − a fact of great importance. (2) The census of 1890 was more thorough than that of 1850 along this line; it not only reports the facts more accurately but it reports new classes of facts. So that conclusions based upon a literal comparison must be manifestly erroneous. (3) New laws and police regulations lead to arrests and convictions where acts would have been considered innocent forty years ago. Cruelty to animals and children caused few arrests then ; violations of san- itary regulations were unknown; offences against public order, such as drunkenness and the selling of liquor; all these and many other acts, like the pur- chase of lottery tickets, though innumerable, did not enter into our criminal records as at present. That our list of criminals has grown in this direction is evidence, not of our increasing depravity, but of our Statistics of crime and poverty in the United States. are physically a more feeble people. moral progress. We have more patients in hospi- tals than the Esquimo, but it does not follow that we Mr. Boies does not make any such discriminations, he only alludes to the fact respecting the negro race. These defects vitiate all his discussions of these problems, which are indeed great and serious problems. His incapacity in this line is farther shown by his use of a statement from Professor Ely to support his claim that there are three million paupers in the United States (p. 205), and by his astonishing as- sertion that there are 17,058 county jails in our country (p. 193). Mr. Morfill, among Englishmen, seems to have a monopoly of pro- duct on Slavonic subjects, in the field of history as well as of literature. He now gives to the “Story of the Nations” series a “Poland" (Putnam). No writer of English would seem bet. ter qualified for such a work, yet Mr. Morfill has hardly added to what one may get from an ency- clopædia on this subject. His book is sketchy, and one ends it by wishing for a guide through the maze of aimless energy which it portrays. What one needs is an explanation of Poland's failure in his- tory, which Mr. Morfill does not give in his pages devoted to that purpose. An unpatriotic nobility, an intolerant clergy, a lacking middle class, and a degraded peasantry, were characteristics of all feudal states. That Poland did not change all this was not due solely to the fifth cause suggested—the want of rulers of talent and energy, although a Louis Eleventh, a Henry Eighth, or a Ferdinand the Catholic, would have been a great blessing to Poland. But all these men had their opportunity only be- cause the principle of hereditary succession was al- ready established in their dominions. The curse and the ruin of Poland was an elective monarchy, which, as in the case of the Holy Roman Empire, made a feudal condition of anarchy possible long after the age of feudalism was gone by. The fail. ure of success of this volume is not due to a lack of knowledge, but to a lack of historical insight on the part of a man whose forte is linguistic. Poland in history. A readable and practical guide ..for amateur photographers. Many a guide for the amateur pho- tographer has appeared of recent years, written either in the interest of the general public, or in that of some firm en- gaged in the manufacture of photographic materials. It has been left for Miss Alice French (Octave Thanet) to produce a book upon the subject which serves its readers not only as guide, but also as philosopher and friend. Every beginner in this intricate art knows how deep is at times the need of philosophy, and how consoling may be the min- istry of friendship. Miss French has pursued pho- tography through trials to triumphs (as some of the pictures in her book clearly show), but she has not acquired the air of superiority that makes the suc- cessful amateur so cordially detested by all less suc- 1893.] 47 THE DIAL ceaaful aspirant*. A record of failure it often more helpful than a record of triumphant achievement, and Miss French, in her record, given abundant evidence that idle too in human, and no exception to the maxim, humtmum errart est. In vivacious and unconven- tional language, ahe tolls the reader of her early tribulation*, of the pitfalU upon which stumbled her unwary feet, and of the method* and formulas in which «he finally found salvation. Miss French'* hook is good, first, to read, and second, to keep at hand for practical guidance in all the stages of photo- graphic work. It is entitled "An Adventure in Photography " (Scribner). riiuom In a series of essays and sketches reprinted under the collective title, • Picture and Text" (Harper), Mr. Henry James chats appreciatively of the admirable group of artist* — Messrs. Abbey, Parsons, Millet. Boughton, Ke in hart, Sargent, etc.— best known to many of us through the medium of •• Harper's Magazine." The excellence, in point of illustra- tion, of American magazines i* justly a matter of national pride — one of the shining exceptions to which we refer the carping foreigner; and it is well to learn something of lending personality and methods of the illustrators. Touching the illustra- tion of Ixioks and magazines in general, the author observe* that it " may !>e said to have been born in our time, so far as variety and abundance are the signs of it; or born, at any rate, the comprehensive, ingenious, sympathetic spirit in which we conceive and practise it. If the centuries are ever arraigned at some bar of justice to answer in regard to what they have given, of good or of bad, to humanity, our interesting age ( which certainly is not open to the charge of having stood with its hands in its pockets) might perhaps do worse than put forth the plea of having contributed a fresh interest in • black and white.'" The little book, which con- tains several illustrations, is a comj>anion volume in the "Black and White Series" to Mr. Curtis'* "From the Easy Chair." Mr. Warners "As We Were Saying," etc. Of Mr. James'* quality as an essayist we need not speak. Kven those who do not care for him must admit his painstaking fidel- ity to his models; and, at the worst, he may serve to sharpen the reader's appetite for a bit of down- right Anglo-Saxon. ;W is a lively account, with much inci- te Cave Tou-n. j » i .. • • »• * •!• ^ dental •• yarn-spinning, of a sailing- voyage from New York to Cape Town, thence, over two hundred degrees of longitude, across the Indian and Pacific Oceans, to the coast of Chili, and from Chili to the Falkland Islands. The author. Cap- tain J. H. Potter, of the ship " Onward," observes in his Preface: "While Cooper, Marryatt, and others, have let the world know all aliout sailing before the day of steam, I know of no writer having yet come to the front to give anywhere near the correct idea of how it is with us, the 'wind-jammers,' since the introduction into our profession of that powerful element. This work was accordingly begun with the sole view of contributing towards the supply of that deficiency." A "wind-jammer," it may be said parenthetically, is a sailing-vessel, as contra- distinguished from a steamer. The story is told, as it should be told, for the most part, in an off- hand, breezy, sailor-like fashion, with plenty of in- cident, humorous as well as stirring. But oddly enough there is a tendency here and there to " work in." at all hazards, a tempting literary allusion or citation — which results once or twice, where the connection is remote, in the Captain's getting hi* syntactical sails " all a-hark and shaking," and nar- rowly escaping shipwreck. A food fmmmary m/Ute FreneJt Rr' ultilion. Mallet's "The French Revolution" (Scribner), written by a lecturer on the staff of the Oxford University Extension for the " University Extension Manuals" series, may be thoroughly commended. It is the best summary of the Revolution yet published, and is a large improvement on the sketch by O'Connor Morris, also published by Messrs. Scribner. The author has availed himself of all the recent litera- ture of his subject down to Mr. Morse Stephens, and has not only summarized but has unified these con- tributions. His first two chapters clearly introduce the Revolution through its social causes, and he is very successful in showing why the Constitutional party failed, why the Jacobin party followed, and why the Utter also failed. He ends his narrative 48 [July 16, THE DIAL rightly with the thunder of Bonaparte's gun* from the portals of St. Rorh against the insurgent Sec- tions. His estimate of La Fayette is a compromise between the conventional one and the iconoclastic portrayal of Morse Stephens, and is probably near- est the truth. One may here trace briefly yet clearly the rapid sequence of causes and effects which Stephens alone of the more detailed historians has been able to keep above the surface of the multi- tudinous events narrated. As a text-l>ook guide to the subject it must be highly praised. BRIEFER MENTION. VoLCMB IV. (just published) of "The Correspond- ence and Public Papers of John Jay " (Putnam) covers the dates between I'm and 18'Jli, thus completing the work that Professor Henry 1'. Johnston has edited with so much care. The volume opens with a letter from Jay to Dugald Stewart, "returning thanks for the gift of his ingenious work," and doses with the action of the New York Bar upon the occasion of Jay's death. There is also a very satisfactory index to the The new edition of Murray's " Handbook for Trav- ellers in Japan" (imported by Scribner) has been almost wholly rewritten by Mr. Hani I Hall Chamberlain (than whom there is no higher authority), assisted by Mr. W. B. Mason. A thorough revision of the sort here accomplished was peculiarly necessary in the case of the present work, for the world moves rapidly in Japan, as if to make up for many centuries lost, and even the past decade has transformed many sections of the country, (ienerally speaking, we prefer a " Bae- deker" to a " Murray " for a guide-book, but the '• Mur- ray " now before us is one of the very best of that im- print, and no Knglish tourist in Japan can afford to be without it. Some "Selections from the Writings of William Klakr" (imported by Scribner) have been made by Mr. Laurence Housman, who also supplies them with an introductory essay that in labored and not altogether agreeable in manner. The selections include both prase awl poetry; were it not for the prase extracts, its place would seem to have been filled by Mr. W. M. Rossetti's edition of the poems. Such a selection as this is all of Blake that is wanted by the great major- ity of readers, although the recent sumptuous publica- tion of his entire works shows that there exists at least a limited demand for the more chaotic productions of his unregulated genius. Mk. Charles Frederick Holder's "Louis Agassis" (Putnam), appearing in the "Leaders in Science" series, gives a very readable popular biography of the great naturalist. The work is illustrated, and has a useful bibliography. Two recent issues in " Wliittaker's Library of Popular Science" (Msctnillan) are •• (ieol- ogy," by Mr. A. J. Jukes-Brawn, and " Klrctririty and Magnetism," by Mr. S. K. Bottonr. Thc«e books are of the most elementary description, but subserve a use- ful purpose. Six articles that originally appeared in "Scrihnrr's Magasine" have been grouped in a volume entitled "Homes in City and Country " (Scribner). Tbey in. elude "The City House in the Ka»t and South," by | Mr. Russell Stergis; "The City House in the West," by tbe late John W. Root; articles on "The Suburban House," "The Country House," and "Small Country Places"; closing somewhat incongruously with a chap- ter on " Building and I-osn Associations." Tbe book is provided with many handsome illustrations, and tbe "homes" with which it deals are for the wealthy. Trr fact that Mr. H. F. Pelham's "Outlines of Ro- man History " (Putnam) is essentially a reprint of the "Kncvclopsedia Britannica" article upon the subject stamps the work with tbe hall-mark of literary and schol- arly excellence. Many revisions and additions hare, how- ever, been made to fit the article for reproduction as an in- dependent volume. The greater part of tbe work is given to the years 133 B. C 69 A. D., from the Grac- chi to the fall of Nero. A useful list of authorities prefaces the book. Two recent volumes of the "Contemporary Science Series" (imported by Scribner) are "Modern Meteor- ology," a useful popular treatise by Mr. Frank Waldo, and " Public Health Problems," by Mr. John F. J. Sykea. Tbe latter work treats its subject from a distinctly prac- tical standpoint, and includes valuable chapters upon the precautionary measures to be adopted in case of ep- idemics. Similar in interest to tbe work last mentioned is Dr. F. L. Dibble's " Vagaries of Sanitary Science" (I.ippincott), a work which exposes many popular errors and throws much light upon tbe workings of sanitary officialism, as illustrated by State Boards of Health and tbe like. Literary Xotem ajcd News. The Johns Hopkins Press will publish in September » Florentine Life during the Renaissance," by Dr. Wal- ter B. Scaife. "The Science of Mechanics," from the German of Professor Mach, will be published at once by the Open Court Publishing Co. The German papers announce a posthumous work by Hegel, entitled "Kritik der Verfassung Deutacb- lands," edited by Dr. G. Mollat. "The Shadow of the Obelisk, and Other Poems," by the late Dr. Parsons, will be published in tbe autumn by Messrs. Houghton, Miffiin & Co. Some announcements of tbe Century Co. are these: "The Public School System of the liiited Slates," by Dr. J. M. Rice; "An Kmbaasy to Provence," by Mr. Thomas A. Janvier; "The White Islander," by Mrs. Cstherwood; and a new volume of poems by Mr. (iilder. »Borderland," is tbe title selected by Mr. W. T. Stesd for his newest periodical venture. It is to be "a quarterly re\iew and index demoted to tbe study of the phenomeua vulgarly, called ' supernatural.'" Mr. Stead, it may he mentioned, has lately become a medium him- self, ami we nut) expect some astouislung tales from his forthcoming i|uarterlv. In the French Academy of Inscriptions M. Haurrau recently announced the discovery of a new manuscript of Abclard a pisrin addressed to his Kin. It contains 1,010 verses, of which only 401 were hitherto known. It contains some of the heretical views attributed to him, it mentions llrlmse, and versifies a passage from one of her letters. M. Haurrau will publish tbe poem. Sir Frederick Pollock has tbe following "note " in "Tbe Author " for Jul;: "I earnestly hope that no at- 1898.] 49 THE DIAL Wcnpt will be made at the Chicago meeting to revive the project of perpetual copyright. In my opinion it wodM be pure «ulr of time. The alMtrart jurispru- dence of tlii« question wax thoroughly discussed in the great rase of Jcfferys r*. liy in the House of Lords, in 1M.>4, and there can be nothing new to say about it." "Pierre Ixiti " baa decided to devote himself to a new work, the plot of which will be laid in the Holy Laud. To obtain material* for his "coloring" he will make a pilgrimage through Palestine, starting from Cairo as soon as the summer heat is over, and proceed across the desert to Jerusalem. There will be no Europeans in his caravan. His idea is to follow as near as be can the route taken by the Holy Family in the flight into We learn from the I/ondon "Academy" that Mr. Paget Toynbee, who has been engaged for some years upon a Dictionary of the "Divina Comcdia," has derided to divide the publication into two parts. The first, which will be complete for the whole of Dante's works, Latin as well as Italian, will contain the arti- cles dealing with the proper names. The second will comprise the Vocabulary proper. Mr. Toynbee hopes eventually to supplement the Utter with the vocabulary of the " Coovito," " Vita Nuova," and " Can- tooiere." Mr. R. H. Sherard writes from Paris to "The Au- thor ** of the breakfast given to M. Zola in celebration of the completed Rougon-Macquart series. He says: "There were about two hundred guests, and the dtjeiiner was held on one of the islands in the Bois de Boulogne. Zola looked very spruce in a Mack frock coat, light grey trousers, and a pair of varnished boots. He called his publisher ' my old friend,' and said, ' If I have not erased writing you have not ceased publishing," so that, in sort, as much of the honor was due to the pub- lisher. It was a pleasant sight to see author and pub- lisher sitting side by side united by such bonds of affec- tion." The Independent Theatre of London offers the fol- lowing highly attractive programme for next season: "William Rufus," by Michael Field, to be given without scenic accessories; *' The Black Cat,"a play in three acts, by Dr. Todhunter; "A Family Reunion," a play also in three acts, by Mr. Frank Danby; "Salve," a one-act play, by Mrs. Oscar Beringer; "The Death of Count tiodfrev," by Messrs. Walter Besant and W. H. Pol- lock; Mr. Archer's translation of Herr linen's " Wild Dork"; and "The Heirs of Kabourdin," translated by Mr. A. Teixeira de Mattos from M. Zola. "La Prin- reme Maleine " of M. Maeterlinck is to be given by ma- rionettes. Herr Strindberg's " Father" is being trans- lated by Mr. J. H. McCarthy; and Mr. U. Bernard Shaw will supply a new play. A passage put into the mouth of Horne-Tooke by Lsadur (in the first Conversation between Johnson and Horne-Tooke) bears aptly upon the present discussion of the decadence of modern Knglish. Indeed, the whole dialogue is wise and racy in comments on the tenden- cies of English. "I wish I were as sure," says Horne- Tooke, " that Malta rsnesrentur quae jam cecidere, as I am that, ,, , l adentque Quae nunc sunt in honors voeabula. I am unacquainted with any language in which, during the prosperity of a people, the changes have run to sel- dom into improvement, so perpetually into impropriety. Within auother generation, ours must have become so corrupt that writers, if they hope for life, will And it necessary to mount up nearer to its Sources." Mr. C. A. Ward, writing to "The Athenaeum," tell* of the recovery of a Coleridge manuscript by many thought to have no other than a mythical existence. Mr. Ward's letter i* a* follow*: "The name of Samuel Taylor Coleridge stands out so prominently in the col- umns of'The Athetueum'of June 17th that if atten- tion be not solely to be restricted to the poetical suc- cesses of this myriad-minded man — the greatest man of our century, towering over all el*e by a head and shoulders, a* critic, thinker, bard — what follows may have interest. There have drifted to me by accident (though at each step traceable historically) two vol- umes, quarto, of MSS., bound, entitled respectively: 'The History of Logic ' and ' Elements of Logic.' In Coleridge's letter to Allsop the work is mentioned as complete and nearly ready for press. This assertion has been called an opium-dream. But here is the book. It is not very like modern philosophy; but some care to bear two sides of a question. I write to ascertain whether the agnostic materialism i* now so established that high spiritualism can no longer be allowed to breathe, and for such purpose nothing can test the point like 'The Athetueum.'" Topics in Leading Periodicals. July, 1803 i Second" List). Anti-Trust Campaign. A. W. Tourgee. North American. Australian Women. Julia F. Nicholson. .VortA Ammenn. Chinese Exclusion. R. G. Ingeraoll, T.J.Geary. N. American. Church History Ke-edited. A. II. Noll. Dial iJuly 16). Columbus, Family of. Duke of Veragua. -VortA .1 mericam. Columbus Portraits and Statnesat the Fair. Inland Printer. Country Newspapers. K. ('. Penfield. Inland I'rinter. Distrust and Trade. Edward Atkinson. -VortA American. Divorce Made Easy. S. J. Brun. MortA American. Edison, Thomas A. Illus. C. D. Lsuier. Rrvirwof Rtviem-%. Electricity at the Fair. Illus. J. H.Cravath. Hev. of Reviews. Fair. Impressions of the. Illus. F. H. Stead. Rn. of Reviews. Fastest Train in the World. H. (}. Prout. -VortA American. Foreground and Vistaat the Fair. Illus. W. II. Gibson. Scrib. Forest Reservations. Our New. Review of Review!. French Girlhood. Marquise de San Carlos. -VortA American. German Kantian Bibliography. I'hilinnftkical Renew. Gettysburg Recollections. A. II. Niikersoo. Scribner. Hiss. Natural History of the. I-ouis Robinson. -Vo. Am. Internationa) Speech and Song. J. M. Baldwin. I'hil. Review. Ireland at the Fair. Countess of Aberdeen. No. American. Jackson and Taylor, Generals. II. W. Thurston.Diu7. S. Miller. I'kitutufJiicat Review. Yachting in 1*U. 0. A. Stewart. NortA -4»kticus. 50 THE DIAL [July 16, LIST OF NEw Books. [The following list, embracing 47 titles, includes all books received by THE DIAL since last issue.] HISTORY. Federal Government in Greece and Italy. By Edward A. Freeman. Edited by J. B. Bury, M.A. Š. edi- tion, 8vo, pp. 692. Macmillan & Co. $3,75. hiº, º *rī, American Colonies. By ortlandt r. Bishop, .D. 8vo, pp. 300. Columbi College Studies, $1.50. pp. 18. The Chicago Massacre of 1812. With historical docu- ments. By Joseph Kirkland, author of “Zury.” Illus., 12mo, pp. 218. Dibble Publishing Co. $1.00. The Columbus Gallery: The “Discoverer of the New World” as represented in Portraits, Monuments, etc. By Néstor Ponce de Leon. Illus., 4to, pp. 178. N. Ponce de Leon. $3.00. The Caravels of Columbus. Compiled from original doc- uments, by Néstor Ponce de Leon, Illus., oblong 4to, pp. 41. N. Ponce de Leon. 50 cts. Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus. By Wash- ington Irving. (Condensed by the author from his larger work.) Illus., 12mo, pp. 412. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.75. BIOGRAPHY. The Story of My Life from Childhood to Manhood. By George Ebers, author of “Joshua.” Translated by Mary J. Serrano. With portraits, 12mo, pp. 382. D. Apple- ton & Co. $1.25. Edwin Booth. By Laurence Hutton. Illus., 32mo, pp. 59. Harper’s “Black and White Series.” 50 cts. The Baroness Burdett-Coutts: A Sketch of her Public Life and Work. Prepared for the Lady Managers of the World's Columbian Exposition. With portrait, 24mo, pp. 204. A. C. McClurg & Co. 75 cts. STUDIES IN LITERATURE. Arrian's Anabasis of Alexander and Indica. Translated, with a copious commentary, by Edward James Chinnock, M.A. 12mo, pp. 452. Macmillan & Co. $1.50. The Bible: Its Origin, Growth, and Character. With a list of books for study and reference. By Jabez Thomas Sun- derland. 8vo, pp. 300. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50. POETRY. Valete: Tennyson, and Other Memorial Poems. By H. D. Rawnsley. 8vo, pp. 175, uncut. Macmillan & Co. $2.00. In the Shade of Ygdrasil. º Frederick Peterson, M.D. 18mo, pp. 123, gilt top. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50. Jonquilles and Heather-Bloom. By Jane Grey and May Morrow. 18mo, pp. 89, gilt edges. J. B. Lippincott Co. 75 cts. FICTION. The Refugees: A Tale of Two Continents. By A. Conan Doyle, author of “Micah Clarke.” Illus., 12mo, pp. 366. Harper & Bros. $1.75. Foes in Ambush. By Capt. Charles King, U.S.A., author of “The Colonel's Daughter.” 16mo, pp. 263. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.25. Tavistock Tales. By Gilbert Parker, Luke Sharp, and eight others. Illus., 12mo, pp. 254. Tait, Sons & Čo. $1.25. Harvard Stories: Sketches of the ºº:: By Waldron Kintzing Post. 8vo, pp. 312. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25. A Border Leander. By Howard Seeley, author of “A Nymph of the West.” 16mo, pp. 168. D. Appleton & Co. 75 cts. Stories of the South. Illus, 32mo, pp. 225, uncut. “Stories from Scribner.” Chas. Scribner's Sons. 50 cts. Aspasia: A Romance of Art and Love in Ancient Hellas. By Robert Hamerling; from the German, by Mary J. Safford. With portrait, 8vo, pp. 690. Geo. §º: Peck. $1.25. Bunker Hill to Chicago: A Story. By Eloise O. Randall Richberg. 16mo, pp. 151. Dibble Publishing Co. 50 cts. NEW WOLUMEs in THE PAPER LIBRARIES. Appletons' Town and Country Library: Lucia, Hugh, and Another, by Mrs. J. H. Needell; 16mo, pp. 348. 50cts. Kerr's Unity Library: Washingto A º Armstrong; 8vo, pp. º: "...#ºn, Farmer, by rena Library Series: One of Earth's D T º Roberts; 8vo, pp. 316. 50cts. s Daughters, by E1. uck's Breezy Library: Summer Clouds and oth - by Eden Phillpotts; illus., 16mo, pp. 52. *:::::: stories, Bonner's Choice Series: Tresillian Court, by Mrs. Harriet Lewis; illus., 16mo, pp. 315.50 cts. J U VENILE. Archie of Athabasca. By J. Macdonald Oxley, author of “Bert Lloyd's tºho.” Illus., 12mo, : 262. Lothrop Co. $1.25. o, pp D. The Talking Handkerchief, and Other Stories. By Th W. Knox, author of “The Boy Travellers.” #. 314. Price-McGill Co. $1.00. Charley: A Village Story. By S. D. Gallaudet. With frontispiece, 16mo, pp. 71. G. P. Putnam's Sons. 75 cts. Jack's Hymn. By Elizabeth Olmis. Illus., 16mo, pp. 53. A. D. F. Randolph & Co. 60 cts. A Poppy-Garden. By Emily. Malbone Morgan, author of “A Little White Shadow.” Illus., 16mo, pp. 80. A. D. F. Randolph & Co. 60 cts. Madonnas of the Smoke; or, Our “Mary's Meadow.” By Emily Malbone Morgan, author of “A Poppy Garden.” 16mo, pp. 38. A. D. #". & Co. Paper, 25 cts. TRAVEL – GUIDE-BOOKS. A House-Hunter in Europe. By William Henry Bishop, author of “Old Mexico.” Illus., 8vo, pp. 370. Harper & Bros. $1.50. The Health Resorts of Europe: A Guide to the Mineral Springs, Resorts, etc. By Thomas Linn, M.D. With an introduction by Titus Munson Coan, M.D. 12mo, pp. 330. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50. Dictionary of Minneapolis : A Handbook for Strangers. Compiled by Horace B; Hudson. Illus., 16mo, pp. 110. Published by Author. Paper, 25 cts. SOCIAL STUDIES. Woman, Church, and State : A Historical Account of the Status of Woman through the Christian Ages. * Ma- § Joslyn Gage. 12mo, pp. 554. C. H. Kerr & Co. 2.00. woman and the Higher Education. Edited by Anna C. Brackett. 18mo, pp. 214. Harper's “Distaff Series.” $1. PHILOSOPHY. Negative Beneficence and Positive Beneficence. Being Parts W. and VI. of The Principles of Ethics. By Her- bert Spencer. 12mo, pp. 483. D. Appleton & Co. $1.25. Hypnotism, Mesmerism, and the New Witchcraft. By Ernest Hart. Illus., 16mo, pp. 182, uncut. D. Apple- ton & Co. $1.25. Natural Selection and Spiritual Freedom. By Joseph John Murphy, author of “ Habit and Intelligence.” 16mo, pp. 241. Macmillan & Co. $1.75. Evolution and Ethics. By Thomas H. Huxley, F.R.S. (The Romanes Lecture, 1893.) 8vo, pp. 57, uncut. millan & Co. Paper, 60 cts. RELIGION. Meditations and Devotions of the late Cardinal Newman. 12mo, pp. 440. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.50. How to Begin to Live Forever. By Joseph Merlin Hod- son. 18mo, pp. 88. A. D. F. Randolph & Co. 60 cts. SCIENCE. The Shrubs of Northeastern America. By Charles S. Newhall; author of “The Trees of Northeastern Amer- ica.” Illus., 8vo, pp. 249. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.50. Handbook of Greek and Latin Palaeography. By Ed- ward Maunde Thompson, D.C.L. 12mo, pp. 343. Apple- tons’ “International Scientific Series.” $2.00. A History of Crustacea. By the Rev. Thomas R. R. Steb: bing, M.A., author of “The Naturalist of Cumbrae.” Illus., 12mo, pp. 466. D. Appleton & Co. $2.00. Brief Guide to the Commoner Butterflies of the North; ern United States and Canada. By Samuel Hubbard Scudder. 12mo, pp. 206. Henry Holt & Co. $1.25. 1893.] THE DIAL 51 Butterfly: A Chapter in Natural History for Theº. #. º H. Scudder. 16mo, pp. 186. Henry Holt & Co. $1.00. Recreations in Botany. By Caroline A. Creevey. Illus., iómo, pp. 216. Harper & Bros. $1.50. TEXT-BOOKS. ctical Lessons in Language. B Benjamin Y. Conklin. Prº 16mo, pp. 139. American Book Co. 35 cts. MISCELLANEOUS. body's Book of Correct Conduct. By Lady M. sº . M. French-Sheldon. 24mo, pp. 182. Harper & Bros. 75 cts. The Decision of the Court: A Comedy. By Brander Matthews, Illus., 32mo, pp. 60. Harper's “Black and White Series.” 50 cts. NEW YORK. BUREAU OF REVISION. For THº. The skilled revision, the unbiassed and com- tent criticism of prose and verse; advice as to publication. on PublishERs: The compilation of first-class works of reference.—Established 1880. Unique in position and suc- cess. Indorsed by our leading writers. Address DR. TITUS M. COAN, 70 Fifth Ave., NEw York. ERICANA A History of the Indian Wars &AM • with the First Settlers of the United States to the commencement of the Late War; to- gether with an Appendix containing interesting Accounts of the Battles fought by General Andrew Jackson. With two Plates. Rochester, N. Y., 1828. - Two hundred i. and numbered copies have just been inted at $2.00 - **** George P. HUMPHREY. 25 Exchange Street, RochestER, N. Y. THE BEST ROUTE Cincinnati to Chicago or Louisville to Chicago is over the “MONON.” Ş. and comfortable service is offered from each city, as follows: CINCINNATI TO CHICAGO. No. 30. No. 32. No. 34. No. 35. STATIONS. Daily. Ex. Sun. Daily. Daily. Lv. Cincinnati . . . . . . 8.25 am. 1.00 pm 7.30 pm 10.50 pm Ar. Chicago. . . . . . . . 5.30 pm 10.10 pm 7.35 am 7.59 am. No. 30–Is a Solid Train, with Parlor Car, Dining Car, and Day Coaches Cincinnati to Chicago. No. 32–Has Pullman Buffet Sleeper and Day Coaches Cincinnati to Chicago. No. 34–Has Pullman Regular *. also Day Coaches Cincin- º to Chicago, as well as an elegant Pullman Sleeper Indianapolis to Chicago. No. 36–Has one Sleeper from New Orleans, La.; one Sleeper from Savannah, Ga.; one Sleeper from Jacksonville, Fla., and one Sleeper from Lima, Qhio, via Hamilton, and Pullman Compartment Car from Cincinnati, all through to Chicago; also, Elegant Day Coaches Cincin- nati to Chicago. LOUISVILLE TO ChiCAGO. - No. 6. No. 8. No. 4. 8TATIONS. Daily. Ex. Sun. Daily. Lw. Louisville. . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.05 am H. 11.00 am 8.00 pm Ar. Chicago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.30 pm 10.10 pm 7.35 am. No. 6-Has Pullman Sleeper from Savannah, Ga., via Louisville, to Chicago; also, Parlor Car, B. Car, Ladies' Car, and Day Coaches Louisville to Chicago. - C No. 8-Has the Monon's Celebrated Day Coaches Louisville to Nº. 4-Has two Pullman sleepers and the Monon High-Back Com- fºrtable Coaches Louisville to Chicago. . The Monon terminal depot at Chicago–Dearborn Station- ºn the yety heart of the city, within a few minutes' walk of §the World's Fair transportation lines. Send for a “World's air Folder,” a pamphlet giving information for travellers re- Fºrding the Exposition, the hotels and transportation lines; Places of amusement, etc., and containing a specially prepared map of the city. Address F. J. REED, General Passenger Agent, Monon Block, CHICAGo. COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS, Chicago, III. Winter term begins September 18, 1893. Course of study covers four years; for Bachelors of Arts and Sciences, three years. Preliminary examination required in English, Physics, Mathematics, and Latin. Fees, $100 a year. Laboratory equipment for students unequaled. For Announcement and further information address Dr. BAYARD Holmes, Sec'y, Venetian Building, Chicago, Ill. GIRLS' COLLEGIATE SCHOOL, Chicago, III. Nos. 479–481 Dearborn Ave. Seventeenth year. Pre s for Qollege, and gives special courses of study. For Young Ladies and Children. Miss R. S. Ricº, A.M., Miss M. E. BEEDY, A.M., } Principals. ROCKFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN, Rockford, III. Forty-fifth year begins Sept. 13, 1893. College course and excellent preparatory school. Specially organized departments of Music and Art. Four well-equipped laboratories. Good growing library, fine gymnasium, resident physician. Memo- rial Hall enables students to much reduce expenses. For cat- alogue address SARAH F. ANDERson, Principal (Lock box52). MISS CLAGETT'S HOME AND DAY SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. Boston, MAs8., 252 Marlboro’ St. Reopens October 3, Specialists in each Department. References: Rev. Dr. Don- ALD, Trinity Church; Mrs. Louis AGAssiz, Cambridge; Pres. WALKER, Institute of Technology. NEW ENGLAND CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC, Boston, Mass. Founded by CARL FAELTEN, Dr. EBEN Tourg EE. Director. THE LEADING CONSERVATORY OF AMERICA. In addition to its unequaled musical advantages, excep- tional opportunities are also}. for the study of Elocu- tion, the }. Arts, and Modern Languages. The admirably equipped Home affords a safe and inviting residence for lady students. Calendar free. FRANK W. HALE, General Manager, Franklin Square, Boston, Mass. MCH10AN FEMALE SEM.INARY, Kalamazoo, Mich. A superior school and refined home. Number of students limited. Terms $250. Send for Catalogue. Opens Sep- tember 14, 1893. Brick buildings, passenger elevator, and steam heat. BINGHAM SCHOOL (FOR BOYS), Asheville, N. C. 1793.-Est ABLISHED IN 1793. – 1893. 201st Session begins Sept. 1, 1893. Maj. R. BINGHAM, Supt. FREEHOLD INSTITUTE, Freehold, N. J. Boys aged 8 to 16 received into family; fitted for any col- lege. Business College Course, with Typewriting, Stenog- raphy. A. A. CHAMBERs, A.M., Principal. YOUNG LADIES' SEM.INARY, Freehold, N. J. Prepares pupils for College. Broader Seminary Course. Room for twenty-five boarders. Individual care of pupils. Pleasant family life. Fall term opens Sept. 13, 1893. Miss EUNICE. D. SEwALL, Principal. MISS GIBBONS' SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, New York City. No. 55 West 47th st. Mrs. SARAH H. EMERson, Principal. Will re-open Oct. 4. A few boarding pupils taken. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, BALTIMORE. JAnnouncements of the Graduate, Collegiate, and Medical Courses for the next academic year are now ready, and will be sent on application. 42 THE DIAL [July 16, pression that sometimes lapses into obscurity, in spite of these things, we think that Mr. Block has produced a very noble poem, a poem not unworthy of its great theme, and that stands in eloquent con- trast to many efforts that we will not for a moment draw from kindly oblivion by naming. Mr. Block's poem is in four sections—“The Old World,” “The Man,” “The Deed,” and “The New World” – with a dedication to the “Women of America.” The first and last sections, with their poetic charac- terization of the supreme moments of history, show the author's work at its best, for they afford him the most opportunities for the fine philosophical gen- eralizations towards which he is led by his natural bent. As an illustration of this, as well as of the complex structure of the whole poem, we quote the stanza which sums up the part of India in the his- tory of ancient culture: “Under the fervid skies, and mid the growth Of tangled forests where the mountains vast Circle the shaded glens, a gloomy past Enwraps a nobler people; ever loth To grasp the present firmly, seeing both The worlds of earth and heaven in mist of dreams Enrobed and mingled, they seemed bound by oath Of high allegiance to the One who gleams Recedingly on the gaze Turned Himwards; by what ways Of severence from the body, down what streams Of anguish did they seek Him; the land teems With monstrous shapes and visions that enthrall; And chiefly thee, O Buddh, the foiled ones call Savior and friend, thee clothed in contemplation's rest, And finding loss of all and nothingness the best.” Felicitous passages abound in the poem. “People grown strong with very sight of God,” gives admirable expression to the ethical mission of the Hebrew. “Freedom awoke with Greece, And violet-crownéd peace; The soul was born and thought's first victory won,” is both exquisite and adequate. The following fine tribute is paid to England: “O stern-browed Heroine far across the sea, Your daughter knows your blood within her veins, And hearkens to the ever-ringing strains Your voice has poured to honor liberty.” Indeed, the whole poem is a song of the conquests of liberty, and closes in a vein that seems inspired by Shelley's outburst: “Oh, happy earth, reality of heavenſ' “One vision more ' " sings the author, “One vision morel the spiritual city lies Beneath the sun; the all-subduing love Inhabits there as in the realms above; As lordly as the blue unclouded skies Life passes, and the mighty dawn's surmise Reaches completion, and the deeps on deeps Of spirit which are seen alone of eyes Whose watch is kin to power that never sleeps Are more and more revealed; The inmost heavens unsealed Comfort the heart where no more anguish weeps, And open fields which faith forever reaps.” The dramatic element, rather than the lyrical, is the characteristic component of Mr. Fawcett's “Songs of Doubt and Dream.” The best of the poems are those either dramatic in form, as “Two Scenes in the Life of Beau Brummell,” or in spirit, as the fine narrative of “Queen Christina and De Liar.” Hence we question the propriety of speci- fically styling the volume a collection of songs. The spontaneous grace and melody of the true lyric are qualities rarely exhibited in Mr. Fawcett's verse, but we have instead abundant energy devoted to a wide range of themes. We are inclined to think that the author has weighted his verse with more phil- osophy than it will bear, or rather, perhaps, that his philosophy has not been sublimed in the proper alembic; it is often crude and merely prosaic in expression. The memorial verses to Courtlandt Palmer are excellent in thought and sympathy, yet we can hardly call poetry such lines as these : “Ye men that bow to science as your god Learn self-control and patience from her laws. Remember Newton and Copermicus Killed superstition with the sword of truth; They did not scare it dead with rhetoric ; Hysteria never framed a syllogism, And logic murders like a gentleman.” The “dream” of Mr. Fawcett's title, as well as the “doubt,” is justified by many pieces, from which we select, as among the more successful, “A Retro- spect.” “Wandering where mortals have no power to gauge The enormity of night that space outrolls, Floated or paused, in shadowy pilgrimage, Two disembodied souls. “One towered a shape with dark wild-trailing shroud, With face by sorrow and anger seamed and drawn; One loomed a holy glory, as when some cloud Swims deep in baths of dawn. “World after world they gazed on, till beguiled They flew toward earth, and hovering where she swept, One with a saturnine dejection smiled, And one with slow tears wept. “‘On that star,” said the spirit of sombre mien, ‘As Dante I passed through pain's most blinding heats. . . . ‘On that star,” said the spirit of look serene, “I suffered, and was Keats.’” There are in these lines echoes of Tennyson and Aldrich, at least, and the felicity of several words (guage, enormity, loomed, dejection) may be ques- tioned, but the poem has merits, and is not unim- pressive. We have found nothing prettier or more nearly faultless in the volume than this “Aqua- relle”: “Far away westward the cattle go, Dotting the land's dim edges; Isled in the roseate afterglow, Darken the long cloud-ledges. “Burning each moment with warmer beams, Moon, by your sweet chaste power Lull the world into lotus-dreams, While you hang like a lotus-flower.” On the whole, Mr. Fawcett's volume comprises the best work in verse that he has yet given us, and fairly entitles him to a place among our American poets of the second rank. 1893.] THE DIAL 43 Mr. Cawein's new volume has the general charac- teristics of its predecessors—the cloying imagery and the verbal trickery; but we hear at times a stronger note than he has been wont to sound,--a graver, if a no less passionate, strain. There is still too much of this sort of thing: “Fly out with flirt and fluting- As flies a falling star From flaming star-beds shooting, From where the roses are,” but there are also verses like these : “Once when the morning on the curling breakers, Along the foaming sand, Flashed expectation, by the ocean's acres, Love took command. “And so we sailed, Æolian music melting Around our silken sails; The bubbled foam our prow of sandal pelting With rainbow gales.” Mr. Cawein's Muse, in her less exuberant moods, gives promise of excellent things. One does not expect very much from undergrad- uate college verse. “Under the Scarlet and Black” is perhaps deserving of a word of mention as the first book of verse that has yet hailed from a West- ern college, for the collection comes to us from Grinnell, Iowa. The honors of the volume are borne off by Miss Mary Bowen and Miss Bertha Booth (both of this year's class), and, after some hesitation, we select a piece by the former writer —a sonnet “To Emily Dickinson”: “A harp AEolian on a lonely sill Was placed to feel the subtle wind's soft touch. Perhaps its strains were burdened overmuch With Nature's sadness and her discords; still, Responsive to its master's touchless thrill, It told the clover's whisper to the breeze, The wordless plaint of wind-swept winter trees, With melody unknown to human skill. So in the quiet of a life apart From other lives, their passion and their pain, The hand of Nature touched thy tunéd heart, And, lo, thou utterest in simple strain A song too thought-rich for a fettered art, Yet bearing ever Nature's sad refrain.” Professor Newton M. Hall introduces the volume with a brief sketch of journalism in Iowa College. We have hardly found anything as good as the above sonnet in “Cap and Gown,” although Mr. J. L. Harrison, the editor, has chosen his contents from some forty college papers. Most of his pieces are love lyrics of a somewhat callow sort, written in the exotic verse-forms that seem so easy, yet in which real success is reached only by the mas- ters. The verses to “Eleanor,” by Mr. J. H. Boyn- ton, are perhaps as successful as anything in the collection. “I do not think she loves me yet, Her glance meets mine direct and free; Its very sweetness seems to set A bar between herself and me. “I never touched her lips with mine, I dare not dream I ever may; Still when I come her eyes will shine, And soften when I go away. “Some hours I cannot well forget, Perhaps she may remember too. I knew I loved her when we met, She never seemed as others do. “I loved to watch her flushing cheek, Her soft hair carelessly astray, To see her smile, to hear her speak, And still have loved her every day. “I do not think she loves me yet, I dare not think she ever may ; I know I loved her when we met, And still have loved her every day.” The binding of this volume, with its hydrangea- decorated covers, is original and exquisite enough to call for a special word of praise. The title-page of “Under King Constantine” gives us no author's name, but we understand the authorship of the book has been acknowledged by Mrs. Spencer Trask. Mrs. Trask has undertaken the hazardous experiment of writing Arthurian idyls, and her little volume comprises three such poems – narratives expanded from hints in Malory. A passage describing the vision of the Grail will show the character of the verse: “One night at midnight came the ray again, And with it came a strange expectancy Of spirit as the light waxed radiant. The cell was filled with spicy odours sweet, And on the midnight stillness song was borne As sweet as heaven's harmony—the words– The same Sir Launcelot had heard of old- ‘Honour and joy be to the Father of Heaven.' With wide eyes searching his lone cell for cause He waited: as the ray became more clear And more effulgent than the mid-day sun, He trembled with that chill of mortal flesh Beholding spiritual things. At last- Now vaguely as though veiled by light, and then With shining clearness, perfectly — he saw The sight unspeakable, transcending words.” The purpose of Mrs. Trask's verse is serious and sincere, but the execution is amateurish, and an ex- tremely qualified praise is all that can be given the volume. Mr. Richard Hovey’s “Seaward” is an elegy, in forty-five seven-line stanzas, upon the late Thomas William Parsons. It is elaborate in construction and extremely discursive in treatment. We quote one of the stanzas : “But who is this that from the mightier shades Emerges, seeing whose sacred laureate hair Thou startest forward trembling through the glades, Advancing upturned palms of filial prayer? Long hast thou served him; now, of lineament Not stern but strenuous still, thy pious care He comes to guerdon. Art though not content?” One of Mr. Hovey's notes obligingly informs us that the reference of this passage is to Dante. A study of Parsons, reprinted from “The Atlantic Monthly,” serves, with the notes, to thicken the booklet into what may be called a volume. Professor William Hyde Appleton, of Swarth- more College, has made and annotated a collection of translated passages of Greek poetry, naming the volume “Greek Poets in English Verse,” and sup- - * * ------ ----- DIAL [July 16, 44 THE I have achieved a work that will outlast plying an introduction of no great value. The in- trºduction, in fact, is little more than a summary of the Homeric poems and three or four selected tragedies. It is not noticeably critical, and lapses into the style sophomoric. We may remark nº dentally that “deeper than ever plummet sounded is not a quotation from any author known to us. Mr. Appleton's volume is intended as an aid to the “classical course in English" of which overmuch is nowadays heard from university extension lecturers. The idea of such courses is an excellent one, pro- vided only they fall into the right hands, but the attempts thus far made to give them seem to have been unfortunate. Mr. Appleton's selections include copious extracts from Homer and the four dram- atists, and many short passages from the lyric and elegiac poets and the Anthology. We are aware that in any work of this sort much allowance should be made for the tastes of the compiler, and that no collector of elegant extracts (not even Mr. Pal- grave) ever quite satisfied all his readers. But Mr. Appleton has missed so many of the things that ought to have gone into his book that we must ven- ture a word of unfavorable comment. His fear “that some one of his readers may miss the very thing that he hopes to find” is only too well war. ranted, for is it possible that any reader should not have hoped and confidently expected to find, in the Homeric section, Lord Tennyson's “Achilles over the French "? “Language as divine almost as Homer's own,” Mr. Theodore Watts calls it, and whatever else was omitted, surely that ought not to have been. Another omission as conspicuous is that of Mr. Swinburne's translation of the chorus from the “Birds.” Compared with that, all other translations from Aristophanes (even Mr. Lang's version of the ‘Clouds’ chorus) are simply nowhere. When we add that neither the “Agamemnon" of Browning or of FitzGerald is represented, and that Calverley's “Theocritus” is wholly ignored, we feel justified in asserting that Mr. Appleton's work is not done as well as it should have been. The late John Osborne Sargent, lawyer and journalist, was a life-long lover of Horace, and a man singularly fitted by temperament to sympa- thize with the Horatian point of view. During the last ten years of his life, he devoted his leisure hours to the translation of his favorite poet, and the work, which includes all but a dozen or so of the odes, is now published by his daughter, Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes contributing an introduction. The volume must be reckoned among the best of the many attempts to perform the alluring but diffi- cult task of Horatian translation. Mr. Sargent commands a variety of metrical forms, and his most satisfactory work is done in the grave iambic measures chosen for the more serious of the odes. We may take as an example the “Exegi monumen- tum aere perennius”: “A monument more durable than brass Of height no regal pyramids surpass, The waste of waters or the northern blast. I shall not wholly die, but much of me, My better part shall reach posterity. No flight of seasons shall obscure my name, But serial ages shall increase my fame. while to the Capitol, to Time's last day, Pontiff and vestal tread the sacred way, It shall be told of one of humble birth, Now potent with the magnates of the earth – Bred where he heard Ofanto's torrent roar, when Daunus' subjects ploughed its arid shore- That he first wed—to him that praise belongs- AEolian measures to Italian songs. With guerdon crown desert, Melpomene, And give the Delphic laurel wreath to me.” If Mr. Sargent's versions are often inadequate, they are at least never undignified or lacking in either taste or feeling. He has fairly escaped the beset- ting sin of many Horatian translators—that of vul- garizing their original. Mr. James Rhoades, whose version of books I-VI. of the “Aeneid” has just appeared, apol- ogizes for adding another to the already numerous translations of Virgil (“Vergil" he styles the poet), and says: “It has seemed to me that, if one could produce a version of the ‘AEneid' that should be in itself an English poem, and at the same time a faithful reflection of the original, neither adding to the text nor diminishing from it, such an achieve- ment would be worth the time and labor required for the task.” This is, indeed, the whole problem, and we are bound to say that Mr. Rhoades has been one of the most successful of those who have en- deavored to solve it. We make a brief extract from the prophecy of the sixth book. “Here is Caesar, here The whole line of Iulus, that thall pass One day beneath the mighty pole of heaven. This, this the man so oft foretold to thee, Caesar Augustus, a god's son, who shall The golden age rebuild through Latian fields Once ruled by Saturn, and push far his sway O'er Garamantians and the tribes of Ind, A land that lies beyond the stars, beyond The year's path and the sun's, where, prop of heaven, Atlas upon his shoulders turns the pole, Studded with burning constellations.” This is excellent verse, and the elevation is fairly sustained throughout the translation. Of the new edition of Coleridge, which we must dismiss with a word, the principal things to be said are that it offers a critical edition of the text alto- gether superior to any previously in existence, a compact and fairly exhaustive body of notes, and an introductory biography that must at once super- sede all others, and remain for an indefinite period the standard authority for the life of the poet. It is difficult to accord to Mr. Campbell's labors the praise that they deserve; no previous editor of Cole- ridge has approached him either in knowledge or in painstaking industry. The memoir, we understand, is to be republished by itself, a compliment of which it is entirely worthy. WILLIAM MoRTON PAYNE- 1893.] THE DIAL 45 BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. Mr. Leslie Stephen is a superbly Mr. Lººp” vigorous and trenchant writer. He as an apologist. belongs with Mr. John Morley to that younger school of English radicals who have discarded the rhetorical bravery of the poets and orators of the Revolution, have outgrown the nar- rowness and harshness of the original Bentham- ite, have supplemented will by evolution and added culture and the historic sense to Herbert Spencer. Their only fault is that they are at all times sweetly reasonable and on all topics hopelessly and irreme- diably right. Mr. Stephen has but one weakness —a fondness for parson-baiting, an itching for the- ological polemic, a desire to do over again the work of Woltaire. He knows better. He has read his Matthew Arnold and his Renan, and is aware that for this gross work “Voltaire suffit.” But at times the unregenerate blood grows hot within him, he “bites his thumb,” he “remembers his everlasting blow,” and sallies forth to confound the orthodox with “An Agnostic's Apology, and Other Essays” (Putnam). “Why,” he passionately exclaims, “when no honest man will deny in private that every ultimate problem is wrapped in the profound- est mystery, do honest men proclaim in pulpits that unhesitating certainty is the duty of the most fool- ish and ignorant”? Why, perhaps because, as Emerson says, “All the Muses and love and reli- gion hate these developments and will find a way to punish the chemist who publishes in the parlor the secrets of the laboratory.” And if this is so, what is the use of proving by irrefragable logic that the “scepticism of believers” is really more par- alyzing to progress than “scepticism about the shift- ing phantasmagoria of theology.” What profits it to combat “the Higher Pantheism” by a demon- stration that the dreams of theologians are not more than half true while they last, and that if we will live in dreams we lose our firm grasp of realities? Of what avail solemnly to analyze and refute Cardinal Newman's “Theory of Belief"? Do any thinkers take seriously this “theory of belief,” or its author, except as a “stylist” and a “grand old man”? And, when all is said, will Mr. Stephen's seventy pages of close reasoning convince anybody who is not already satisfied with Arnold's quiet affirmation that “Cardinal Newman has accepted a solution which is, frankly speaking, impossible”? The del- icate irony of Mr. Stephen's essay on “The Reli- gion of All Sensible Men” will delight the literary epicure. But will it induce one “sensible man” to come out if his interest bids him keep the peace? Does it really bring us any nearer the solution of the painful questions of conscience started in Mr. Morley's “Compromise”? The discussion of the entire problem of persecution in the essay on “Poi- sonous Opinions” is an admirable philosophic sup- plement to Mill's essay on “Liberty.” But will it make it possible for the Professor of Psychology to deliver his whole thought in any chair in the United States or England? But we are wrong. Supersti- tion and intolerance are always striving for the mastery of the world, and must be combated in many ways. The slow gentle solvents of Renan's irony, of Arnold's freely-playing consciousness, and of Mr. Paters's tolerant interest in all errors that assume picturesque forms, will not suffice. There will always be enough neutrals, lovers of peace and advocates of compromise and accomodation. And so, lest the conflict prove too unequal, the philosophic onlooker, accepting with a grimace the service of the vitriol of Voltaire and the bludgeon of Inger- soll, will gladly welcome the finely-tempered, keen, trenchant blade of Mr. Stephen. Some delightful The humorous talent of Mr. Guthrie bricºne (F. Anstey) has never been better dis- *** played than in “Mr. Punch's Pocket Ibsen” (Macmillan), described as “a collection of some of the master's best-known dramas, condensed, revised, and slightly rearranged for the benefit of the earnest student.” Herr Ibsen's later works are good game for the parodist, and Mr. Guthrie has made the most of his opportunities. One would have to be a very crabbed and uncompromising Ibsenite not to smile at these delightful burlesques, which touch with inimitable skill the weak spots of the works which they parody, and give humorous exaggeration to the points that most clearly lend themselves to satirical treatment. “Rosmersholm,” “A Doll Home,” “Hedda Gabler,” and “The Wild Duck” are thus presented in revised forms, while in “Pill-doctor Herdal’’ we have “rather a rev- erent attempt to tread in the footprints of the Nor- wegian dramatist, than a version of any actually existing masterpiece.” The author confesses that “his imitation is painfully lacking in the magnifi- cently impenetrable obscurity of the original, that the vein of allegorical symbolism is thinner through- out than it should be, and that the characters are not nearly as mad as persons invariably are in real life,” but even with these drawbacks, “Pill-doctor Herdal’’ offers no lack of mirthful entertainment. We must find space for one illustrative extract. It should be premised that, after the death of Byg- mester Solness, his widow has married Dr. Herdal. Into their household enters Hilde Wangel (who turns out to be no other than Nora of “A Doll Home,” emancipated at last), just as previously she had come into Solness's life. The scene we quote is between Herdal and his wife: “DR. HERDAL (drinks a glass of punch).-You're right enough there. If I had not been called in to prescribe for Dr. Ryval, who used to have the leading practice here, I should never have stepped so wonderfully into his shoes as I did. (Changes to a tone of quiet chuckling merriment.) Let me tell you a funny story, Aline; it sounds a ludicrous thing —but all my good fortune here was based upon a simple lit- tle pill. For if Dr. Ryval had never taken it— “MRs. HERDAL (anxiously).-Then you do think it was the pill that caused him to —? “DR. HERDAL.-On the contrary; I am perfectly sure the pill had nothing whatever to do with it—the inquest made it quite clear that it was really the liniment. But don't you see, ſ 46 [July 16, THE DIAL Aline, what torture* me night and day ii the thought that it might unconsciously hare been the pill which . Never to be free from that! To have such a thought gnawing and burning always — always, like a moral mustard poultice! (He lakes more punch, t "Mas. Hebdal.—Yes; I suppose there is a poultice of that sort burning on every breast — and we must never take it off either — it is our simple duty to keep it on. I, too, Haustus, am haunted by a fancy that if this Mias Wangel were to ring at our bell now" At this juncture, Miss Wangel does ring at the bell, but what follows must be left to imagination, or found out by our readers for themselves. . _, The endeavor of Mr. Henry M. Btatittiet of crime _.._,. , r. „ and poverty in Boies in " .Prisoners and Paupers the tlnlted State.. (putnam) ;g to gtate and emphasize the alarming increase in the United States of our criminal and dependent classes. The ordinary reader will be led by his pages to conclude that our nation is fast going to ruin. Statistics of crime and poverty are given, which, on their face, show that vice is growing with tremendous rapidity and that destitution will soon become general. The author discusses the problems of intemperance, im- migration, our urban population, the negro race, and jails and poor-houses, in a way to multiply our fears rather than to enlighten us respecting causes and remedies. These are indeed great problems, worthy serious attention and in need of wise action. But while Mr. Boies is a gentleman of earnestness and experience, it is clear that he has no such skill in handling statistics as Mr. Carroll D. Wright, and no such scientific ability in studying social phe- nomena as Dr. Amos G. Warner. In some cases, he does not seem to understand the figures which he uses, while in other cases he indulges in careless statements. He shows that since 1850, criminals have increased three times as fast as our population. This is indeed what appears upon the face of re- turns. But it is evident that we are not three times as wicked a people as forty years ago! When we look at the statistics more carefully, we see that the comparison is vitiated by several factors: (1) The criminal acts of the negro race are ex- cluded from the census of 1850, but included in that of 1890, — a fact of great importance. (2) The census of 1890 was more thorough than that of 1850 along this line; it not only reports the facts more accurately but it reports new classes of facts. So that conclusions based upon a literal comparison must be manifestly erroneous. (3) New laws and police regulations lead to arrests and convictions where acts would have been considered innocent forty years ago. Cruelty to animals and children caused few arrests then; violations of san- itary regulations were unknown; offences against public order, such as drunkenness and the selling of liquor; all these and many other acts, like the pur- chase of lottery tickets, though innumerable, did not enter into our criminal records as at present. That our list of criminals has grown in this direction is evidence, not of our increasing depravity, but of our Poland in hutory moral progress. We have more patients in hospi- tals than the Esquimo, but it does not follow that we are physically a more feeble people. Mr. Boies does not make any such discriminations, he only alludes to the fact respecting the negro race. These defects vitiate all his discussions of these problems, which are indeed great and serious problems. His incapacity in this line is farther shown by his use of a statement from Professor Ely to support his claim that there are three million paupers in the United States (p. 205), and by his astonishing as- sertion that there are 17,058 county jails in our country (p. 193). Mr. Morfill. among Englishmen, seems to have a monopoly of pro- duct on Slavonic subjects, in the field of history as well as of literature. He now gives to the "Story of the Nations" series a "Poland" (Putnam). No writer of English would seem bet- ter qualified for such a work, yet Mr. Morfill has hardly added to what one may get from an ency- clopedia on this subject. His book is sketchy, and one ends it by wishing for a guide through the maze of aimless energy which it portrays. What one needs is an explanation of Poland's failure in his- tory, which Mr. Morfill does not give in his pages devoted to that purpose. An unpatriotic -nobility, an intolerant clergy, a lacking middle class, and a degraded peasantry, were characteristics of all feudal states. That Poland did not change all this was not due solely to the fifth cause suggested—the want of rulers of talent and energy, although a Louis Eleventh, a Henry Eighth, or a Ferdinand the Catholic, would have been a great blessing to Poland. But all these men had their opportunity only be- cause the principle of hereditary succession was al- ready established in their dominions. The curse and the ruin of Poland was an elective monarchy, which, as in the case of the Holy Roman Empire, made a feudal condition of anarchy possible long after the age of feudalism was gone by. The fail- ure of success of this volume is not due to a lack of knowledge, but to a lack of historical insight on the part of a man whose forte is linguistic. a readable and Many a guide for the amateur pho- /a7am^imide tographer has appeared of recent phoiographeri. years, written either in the interest of the general public, or in that of some firm en- gaged in the manufacture of photographic materials. It has been left for Miss Alice French (Octave Thanet) to produce a book upon the subject which serves its readers not only as guide, but also as philosopher and friend. Every beginner in this intricate art knows how deep is at times the need of philosophy, and how consoling may be the min- istry of friendship. Miss French has pursued pho- tography through trials to triumphs ( as some of the pictures in her book clearly show), but she has not acquired the air of superiority that makes the suc- cessful amateur so cordially detested by all less sue- 1893.] 47 THE DIAL cessful aspirants. A record of failure is often more helpful than a record of triumphant achievement, and Miss French, in her record, gives abundant evidence that she too is human, and no exception to the maxim, humanum errare est. In vivacious and unconven- tional language, she tells the reader of her early tribulations, of the pitfalls upon which stumbled her unwary feet, and of the methods and formulae in which she finally found salvation. Miss French's book is good, first, to read, and second, to keep at hand for practical guidance in all the stages of photo- graphic work. It is entitled "An Adventure in Photography " (Scribner). Appreciative chats on American arlitts. In a series of essays and sketches reprinted under the collective title, "Picture and Text" (Harper), Mr. Henry James chats appreciatively of the admirable group of artists ■— Messrs. Abbey, Parsons, Millet, Bougbton, Reinhart, Sargent, etc.— best known to many of us through the medium of "Harper's Magazine." The excellence, in point of illustra- tion, of American magazines is justly a matter of national pride — one of the shining exceptions to which we refer the carping foreigner; and it is well to learn something of leading personality and methods of the illustrators. Touching the illustra- tion of books and magazines in general, the author observes that it " may be said to have been born in our time, so far as variety and abundance are the signs of it; or born, at any rate, the comprehensive, ingenious, sympathetic spirit in which we conceive and practise it. If the centuries are ever arraigned at some bar of justice to answer in regard to what they have given, of good or of bad, to humanity, our interesting age (which certainly is not open to the charge of having stood with its hands in its pockets) might perhaps do worse than put forth the plea of having contributed a fresh interest in 'black and white.'" The little book, which con- tains several illustrations, is a companion volume in the "Black and White Series" to Mr. Curtis's "From the Easy Chair," Mr. Warner's "As We Were Saying," etc. Of Mr. James's quality as an essayist we need not speak. Even those who do not care for him must admit his painstaking fidel- ity to his models; and, at the worst, he may serve to sharpen the reader's appetite for a bit of down- right Anglo-Saxon. intervretati ^r' Harold Littledale's " Essays on of Tmni/im-t Lord Tennyson's Idylls of the King" '' 'ng. (jfacmillan) are based upon lec- tures written for students in India. It was cer- tainly worth while to offer the book in its present form to English and American students. Like other books prepared for the use of Indian under- graduates, this volume explains many things that any good dictionary could explain, but on the other hand it interprets many phases of the Idylls that no reference-book alludes to. There are chapters on the sources of the Arthurian story, on its growth from Malory to Tennyson, and on personages and localities spoken of in the modern epic. Then follow stud- ies of each Idyll, and annotations on particular words and obscure points. The work is by no means ex- haustive, but the material is carefully selected and well arranged. There is a constant comparison of Tennyson with Malory and the Mabinogion, and many interesting points of departure are suggested to the reader. The interpretation of the allegor- ical bearing of the Idylls is sensible and appreciat- ive, and the treatment of the rise of the legend, al- though brief, is in the main accurate. Rather strangely, however, Mr. Littledale takes no account of such an authoritative work as Professor Rhy's "Arthurian Legend." The work can readily be used as a handbook in a Tennyson class. . ... "Under Cotton Canvas" (Cupples) from Hew York is a lively account, with much inci- te ape own. dental " yarn-spinning," of a sailing- voyage from New York to Cape Town, thence, over two hundred degrees of longitude, across the Indian and Pacific Oceans, to the coast of Chili, and from Chili to the Falkland Islands. The author, Cap- tain J. H. Potter, of the ship " Onward," observes in his Preface: "While Cooper, Marryatt, and others, have let the world know all about sailing before the day of steam, I know of no writer having yet come to the front to give anywhere near the correct idea of how it is with us, the 'wind-jammers,' since the introduction into our profession of that powerful element. This work was accordingly begun with the sole view of contributing towards the supply of that deficiency." A "wind-jammer," it may be said parenthetically, is a sailing-vessel, as contra- distinguished from a steamer. The story is told, as it should be told, for the most part, in an off- hand, breezy, sailor-like fashion, with plenty of in- cident, humorous as well as stirring. But oddly enough there is a tendency here and there to " work in," at all hazards, a tempting literary allusion or citation ■— which results once or twice, where the connection is remote, in the Captain's getting his syntactical sails " all a-back and shaking," and nar- rowly escaping shipwreck. . . Mallet's "The French Revolution" A good mmmary _ of the French (Scribner), written by a lecturer on Evolution. the gtaff of the 0xford University Extension for the " University Extension Manuals" series, may be thoroughly commended. It is the best summary of the Revolution yet published, and is a large improvement on the sketch by O'Connor Morris, also published by Messrs. Scribner. The author has availed himself of all the recent litera- ture of his subject down to Mr. Morse Stephens, and has not only summarized but has unified these con- tributions. His first two chapters clearly introduce the Revolution through its social causes, and he is very successful in showing why the Constitutional party failed, why the Jacobin party followed, and why the latter also failed. He ends his narrative 48 [July 16, THE DIAL rightly with the thunder of Bonaparte's guns from the portals of St. Roch against the insurgent Sec- tions. His estimate of La Fayette is a compromise between the conventional one and the iconoclastic portrayal of Morse Stephens, and is probably near- est the truth. One may here trace briefly yet clearly the rapid sequence of causes and effects which Stephens alone of the more detailed historians has been able to keep above the surface of the multi- tudinous events narrated. As a text-book guide to the subject it must be highly praised. BRIEFER MENTION. Volume IV. (just published) of "The Correspond- ence and Public Papers of John Jay " (Putnam) covers the dates between 1794 and 1826, thus completing the work that Professor Henry P. Johnston has edited with so much care. The volume opens with a letter from Jay to Dugald Stewart, "returning thanks for the gift of his ingenious work," and closes with the action of the New York Bar upon the occasion of Jay's death. There is also a very satisfactory index to the complete work. The new edition of Murray's "Handbook for Trav- ellers in Japan" (imported by Scribner) has been almost wholly rewritten by Mr. Basil Hall Chamberlain (than whom there is no higher authority), assisted by Mr. W. B. Mason. A thorough revision of the sort here accomplished was peculiarly necessary in the case of the present work, for the world moves rapidly in Japan, as if to make up for many centuries lost, and even the past decade has transformed many sections of the country. Generally speaking, we prefer a " Bae- deker " to a " Murray " for a guide-book, but the " Mur- ray " now before us is one of the very best of that im- print, and no English tourist in Japan can afford to be without it. Some "Selections from the Writings of William Blake" (imported by Scribner) have been made by Mr. Laurence Housman, who also supplies them with an introductory essay that is labored and not altogether agreeable in manner. The selections include both prose and poetry; were it not for the prose extracts, its place would seem to have been filled by Mr. W. M. Rossetti's edition of the poems. Such a selection as this is all of Blake that is wanted by the great major- ity of readers, although the recent sumptuous publica- tion of his entire works shows that there exists at least a limited demand for the more chaotic productions of his unregulated genius. Mr. Charles Frederick Holder's "Louis Agassiz" (Putnam), appearing in the "Leaders in Science" series, gives a very readable popular biography of the great naturalist. The work is illustrated, and has a useful bibliography. Two recent issues in " Whittaker's Library of Popular Science" (Macmillan) are " Geol- ogy," by Mr. A. J. Jukes-Brown, and " Electricity and Magnetism," by Mr. S. R. Bottone. These books are of the most elementary description, but subserve a use- ful purpose. Six articles that originally appeared in "Scribner's Magazine" have been grouped in a volume entitled "Homes in City and Country " (Scribner). They in- clude "The City House in the East and South," by Mr. Russell Sturgis; "The City House in the West," by the late John W. Root; articles on "The Suburban House," " The Country House," and "Small Country Places"; closing somewhat incongruously with a chap- ter on " Building and Loan Associations." The book is provided with many handsome illustrations, and the "homes " with which it deals are for the wealthy. The fact that Mr. H. F. Pelham's "Outlines of Ro- man History " (Putnam) is essentially a reprint of the "Encyclopaedia Britannica" article upon the subject stamps the work with the hall-mark of literary and schol- arly excellence. Many revisions and additions have, how- ever, been made to fit the article for reproduction as an in- dependent volume. The greater part of the work is given to the years 133 B. C 69 A. D., from the Grac- chi to the fall of Nero. A useful list of authorities prefaces the book. Two recent volumes of the "Contemporary Science Series" (imported by Scribner) are "Modern Meteor- ology," a useful popular treatise by Mr. Frank Waldo, and " Public Health Problems," by Mr. John F. J. Sykes. The latter work treats its subject from a distinctly prac- tical standpoint, and includes valuable chapters upon the precautionary measures to be adopted in case of ep- idemics. Similar in interest to the work last mentioned is Dr. F. L. Dibble's " Vagaries of Sanitary Science" (Lippincott), a work which exposes many popular errors and throws much light upon the workings of sanitary officialism, as illustrated by State Boards of Health and the like. Literary Notes axd News. The Johns Hopkins Press will publish in September "Florentine Life during the Renaissance," by Dr. Wal- ter B. Scaife. "The Science of Mechanics," from the German of Professor Mach, will be published at once by the Open Court Publishing Co. The German papers announce a posthumous work by Hegel, entitled "Kritik der Verfassung Deutsch- lands," edited by Dr. G. Mollat. "The Shadow of the Obelisk, and Other Poems," by the late Dr. Parsons, will be published in the autumn by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Some announcements of the Century Co. are these: "The Public School System of the United States," by Dr. J. M. Rice; "An Embassy to Provence," by Mr. Thomas A. Janvier; "The White Islander," by Mrs. Catherwood; and a new volume of poems by Mr. Gilder. "Borderland," is the title selected by Mr. W. T. Stead for his newest periodical venture. It is to be " a quarterly review and index devoted to the study of the phenomena vulgarly called' supernatural.'" Mr. Stead, it may be mentioned, has lately become a medium him- self, and we may expect some astonishing tales from his forthcoming quarterly. In the French Academy of Inscriptions M. Haureau recently announced the discovery of a new manuscript of Abelard's poem addressed to his son. It contains 1,040 verses, of which only 461 were hitherto known. It contains some of the heretical views attributed to him, it mentions He'lolse, and versifies a passage from one of her letters. M. Haureau will publish the poem. Sir Frederick Pollock has the following "note " in "The Author" for July: "I earnestly hope that no at- 1893.] 49 THE DIAL tempt will be made at the Chicago meeting to revive the project of perpetual copyright. In my opinion it would be pure waste of time. The abstract jurispru- dence of this question was thoroughly discussed in the great case of Jefferys vs. Boosey in the House of Lords, in 1854, and there can be nothing new to say about it." "Pierre Loti" has decided to devote himself to a new work, the plot of which will be laid in the Holy Land. To obtain materials for his "coloring " he will make a pilgrimage through Palestine, starting from Cairo as soon as the summer heat is over, and proceed across the desert to Jerusalem. There will be no Europeans in his caravan. His idea is to follow as near as he can the route taken by the Holy Family in the flight into Egypt. We learn from the London "Academy" that Mr. Paget Toynbee, who has been engaged for some years upon a Dictionary of the "Divina Comedia," has decided to divide the publication into two parts. The first, which will be complete for the whole of Dante's works, Latin as well as Italian, will contain the arti- cles dealing with the proper names. The second will comprise the Vocabulary proper. Mr. Toynbee hopes eventually to supplement the latter with the vocabulary of the " Convito," " Vita Nuova," and " Can- zoniere." Mr. R. H. Sherard writes from Paris to "The Au- thor" of the breakfast given to M. Zola in celebration of the completed Rougon-Macquart series. He says: "There were about two hundred guests, and the dejeuner was held on one of the islands in the Bois de Boulogne. Zola looked very spruce in a black frock coat, light grey trousers, and a pair of varnished boots. He called his publisher ' my old friend,' and said, 'If I have not ceased writing you have not ceased publishing," so that, in sort, as much of the honor was due to the pub- lisher. It was a pleasant sight to see author and pub- lisher sitting side by side united by such bonds of affec- tion." The Independent Theatre of London offers the fol- lowing highly attractive programme for next season: "William Ruf us," by Michael Field, to be given without scenic accessories; " The Black Cat,"a play in three acts, by Dr. Todhunter; "A Family Reunion," a play also in three acts, by Mr. Frank Danby; "Salve," a one-act play, by Mrs. Oscar Beringer; "The Death of Count Godfrey," by Messrs. Walter Besant and W. H. Pol- lock; Mr. Archer's translation of Herr Ibsen's " Wild Duck"; and "The Heirs of Rabourdin," translated by Mr. A. Teixeira de Mattos from M. Zola. "La Prin- cesse Maleine" of M. Maeterlinck is to be given by ma- rionettes. Herr Strindberg's " Father" is being trans- lated by Mr. J. H. McCarthy; and Mr. G. Bernard Shaw will supply a new play. A passage put into the month of Horne-Tooke by Landor (in the first Conversation between Johnson and Horne-Tooke) bears aptly upon the present discussion of the decadence of modern English. Indeed, the whole dialogue is wise and racy in comments on the tenden- cies of English. "I wish I were as sure," says Horne- Tooke, "that Malta renascentur quae jam cecidere, as I am that, ~ , , Cadentque Quae nunc sunt in honore vocabula. I am unacquainted with any language in which, during the prosperity of a people, the changes have run so sel- dom into improvement, so perpetually into impropriety. Within another generation, ours must have become so corrupt that writers, if they hope for life, will find it necessary to mount up nearer to its Sources." Mr. C. A. Ward, writing to "The Athenaeum," tells of the recovery of a Coleridge manuscript by many thought to have no other than a mythical existence. Mr. Ward's letter is as follows: "The name of Samuel Taylor Coleridge stands out so prominently in the col- umns of 'The Atheiueum' of June 17th that if atten- tion be not solely to be restricted to the poetical suc- cesses of this myriad-minded man — the greatest man of our century, towering over all else by a head and shoulders, as critic, thinker, bard — what follows may have interest. There have drifted to me by accident (though at each step traceable historically) two vol- umes, quarto, of MSS., bound, entitled respectively: 'The History of Logic' and ' Elements of Logic' In Coleridge's letter to Allsop the work is mentioned as complete and nearly ready for press. This assertion has been called an opium-dream. But here is the book. It is not very like modern philosophy; but some care to hear two sides of a question. I write to ascertain whether the agnostic materialism is now so established that high spiritualism can no longer be allowed to breathe, and for such purpose nothing can test the point like 'The Athenieum.'" Topics in Leading Periodicals. July, 1S9S (Second List). Anti-Trust Campaign. A. W. Tonrgee. North American. Australian Women. Julia F. Nicholson. North American. Chinese Exclusion. R. G. Ingersoll, T. J. Geary. N. American. Church History Re-edited. A. H. NoU. Dial (July 16). Columbus, Family of. Duke of Veragua. North American. Columbus Portrait* and Statues at the Fair. Inland Printer. Country Newspapers. R. C. Penfield. Inland Printer. Distrust and Trade. Edward Atkinson. North American. Divorce Made Easy. S. J. Brun. North American. Edison, Thomas A. Illus. C. D. Lanier. Review of Reviews. Electricity at the Fair. Illus. J. K. Cravath. Rev. of Reviews. Fair, Impressions of the. Illus. F. H. Stead. Rev. of Reviews. Fastest Train in the World. H. G. Prout. North American. Foreground and Vista at the Fair. Illus. W.H.Gibson. Scrib. Forest Reservations, Our New. Review of Reviews. French Girlhood. Marquise de San Carlos. North American. German Kantian Bibliography. Philosophical Review. Gettysburg Recollections. A. H. Nickerson. Scribner. Hiss, Natural History of the. Louis Robinson. No. Am. International Speech and Song. J. M. Baldwin. Phil. Review. Ireland at the Fair. Countess of Aberdeen. No. American. Jackson and Taylor, Generals. H. W. Thurston.OiW (July 16). Kelmscott Press, The. W. Irving Way. Inland Printer. Leisure. Agnes Repplier. Scribner. Literature Congresses, The. Dial I July 16). Merchant Sailor, The. Illus. W. Clark Russell. Scribner. Musical Societies at the Fair. Illus. G. P. Upton. Scribner. Nature in the West Indies. Illus. W. K. Brooks. Scribner. Norway's Political Crisis. H. H. Boyesen. No. American. Pauper Prevention. Oscar Craig. Scribner. Poetry, Recent Books of. W.M.Payne. Dial (July 16). PreBbyterianism, Future of. C. A. Briggs. No. American. Printing and Kindred Industries at the Fair. Inland Printer. Silver Legislation. E. 0. Leech. No. American. Sumner's Public Career. W. H. Smith. Dial (July 16). Thomson, Sir William. Illus. J. Munro. Rev. of Reviews. Trout-fishing in the Traun. Illus. H. Van Dyke. Scribner. Truth and Error. D. S. Miller. Philosophical Review. Yachting in 1803. G. A. Stewart. North American. 50 [July 16, THE DIAL IiiST of Xew Books. [The following lilt, embracing 47 titles, includes all books received by The Dial «inc« last issue.] HISTORY. Federal Government In Greece and Italy. By Edward A. Freeman. Edited by J. B. Bury, M.A. Second edi- tion, 8vo, pp. 692. Macraillan & Co. $3.75. History of Elections in the American Colonies. By Cortlandt F. Bishop, Ph.D. 8vo, pp. 300. Columbia College Studies. $1.50. The Chicago Massacre of 1812. With historical docu- ments. By Joseph Kirkl.ind. author of "Zury." Illus., 12mo, pp. 218. Dibble Publishing Co. $1.00. The Columbus Gallery: The "Discoverer of the New World" as represented in Portraits, Monuments, etc. By Nestor Ponce de Leon. Illus., 4to, pp. 178. N. Ponce de Leon. $3.00. The Caravels of Columbus. Compiled from original doc- uments, by Nestor Ponce de Leon. Illus., oblong 4to, pp. 41. N. Ponce de Leon. 50 cts. Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus. By Wash- ington Irving. (Condensed by the author from his larger work.) Illus., 12mo, pp. 412. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.75. BIOGRAPHY. The Story of My Life from Childhood to Manhood. By George Ebers, author of " Joshua." Translated by Mary J. Serrano. With portraits, 12mo, pp. 382. D. Apple- ton & Co. $1.25. Edwin Booth. By Laurence Hutton. Illus., 32mo, pp. 59. Harper's " Black and White Series." 50 cts. The Baroness Burdett-Coutts: A Sketch of her Public Life and Work. Prepared for the Lady Managers of the World's Columbian Exposition. With portrait, 24mo, pp.204. A. C. McClurg & Co. 75 cU. 8TUDIES IN LITERATURE. Arrian's Anabasis of Alexander and Indira. Translated, with a copious commentary, by Edward James Chinnock, M.A. 12rao, pp. 452. Macmillan & Co. $1.50. The Bible: Its Origin, Growth, and Character. With a list of books for study and reference. By Jabez Thomas Sun- derland. Svn. pp. 300. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50. POETRY. Valete: Tennyson, and Other Memorial Poems. By H. D. Hawnsley. 8vo, pp. 175, uncut. Macmillan & Co. $2.00. In the 8hade of Ygdrasll. By Frederick Peterson, M.D. 18mo, pp. 123, gilt top. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50. Jonquules and Heather-Bloom. By Jane Grey and May Morrow. 18mo, pp. 89, gilt edges. J. B. Lippincott Co. 75 cts. FICTION. The Refugees: A Tale of Two Continents. By A. Conan Doyle, author of "Micah Clarke." Illus., 12mo, pp. 3bU Harper & Bros. $1.75. Foes in Ambush. By Capt. Charles King, U.S.A., author of "The Colonel's Daughter." 16mo, pp. 263. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.25. Tavistock Tales. By Gilbert Parker, Luke Sharp, and eight others. Illus., 12rao, pp. 254. Tait. Sons & Co. $1.25. Harvard Stories: Sketches of the Undergraduate. By Waldron Kintzing Poet. 8vo, pp. 312. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25. A Border Leander. By Howard Seeley, author of "A Nymph of the West." 16mo, pp. 168. D. Appleton & Co. 75 cts. Stories of the South. Blus, 32mo, pp. 225, uncut. "Stories from Scribner." Chas. Scribner s Sons. 50 cts. Aspasia: A Romance of Art and Love in Ancient Hellas. By Robert Hamerling; from the German, by Mary J. Safford. With portrait, 8vo, pp. 690. Geo. Gottsberger Peck. $1.25. Bunker Hill to Chicago: A Story. By Eloise O. Randall Richberg. 16mo, pp. 151. Dibble Publishing Co. 50 cts. NEW VOLUMES IN THE PAPER LIBRARIES. Appletons' Town and Country Library: Lucia, Hugh, and Another, by Mrs. J. H. Needell; liimo, pp. 348. 50 cts. Kerr's Unity Library: Washington Brown, Farmer, by LeRoy Armstrong; 8vo, pp. 326. 50 cts. Arena Library Series: One of Earth's Daughters, by El- len Roberts; 8vo, pp. 316. 50 cts. Tuck's Breezy Library: Summer Clouds and other stories, by Eden Phillpotts; illus., 16mo, pp. 92. 25 cts. Bonner's Choice Series : TresUlian Court, by Mrs. Harriet Lewis; illus., Hinio, pp. 315. 50 cts. JUVENILE. Archie of Athabasca. By J. Macdonald Oxley, author of "Bert Lloyd's Boyhood." Illus., 12mo, pp. 262. D. Lothrop Co. $1.25. The Talking Handkerchief, and Other Stories. By Thomas W. Knox, author of "The Boy Travellers." Illus., pp. 314. Price-McGill Co. $1.00. Charley: A Village Story. By S. D. Gallaudet. With frontispiece, ltimo, pp. 71. G. P. Putnam's Sons. 75 cts. Jack's Hymn. By Elizabeth Olmis. Illus., 16mo, pp. 53. A. D. F. Randolph & Co. GO cts. A Poppy-Garden. By Emily Malbone Morgan, author of "A Little White Shadow.'' Illus., 16mo, pp. 80. A. D. F. Randolph & Co. 60 cts. Madonnas of the Smoke; or, Our "Mary's Meadow." By Emily Malbone Morgan, author of " A Poppy Garden." 16mo, pp. 38. A. D. F. Randolph & Co. Paper, 25 cts. TRA VEL - G UIDE-B OOKS. A House-Hunter in Europe. By William Henry Bishop, author of " Old Mexico." Illus., 8vo, pp. 370. Harper & Bros. $1.50. The Health Resorts of Europe: A Guide to the Mineral Springs, Resorts, etc. By Thomas Linn. M.D. With an introduction by Titus Munson Coan, M.D. 12mo, pp. 330. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50. Dictionary of Minneapolis : A Handbook for Strangers. Compiled by Horace B. Hudson. Illus., Kiiuo, pp. 110. Published by Author. Paper, 25 cts. SOCIAL STUDIES. Woman, Church, and State : A Historical Account of the Status of Woman through the Christian Ages. By Ma- tilda Joslyn Gage. 12mo, pp. 554. C. H. Kerr & Co. $2.00. Woman and the Higher Education. Edited by Anna C. Brackett. 18mo, pp. 214. Harper's " Distaff Series." $1. PHILOSOPHY. Negative Beneficence and Positive Beneficence. Being Parts V. and VI. of The Principles of Ethics. By Her- bert Spencer. 12mo, pp. 483. D. Appleton Holmes, Seo'y, Venetian Building, Chicago, Bl. GIRLS' COLLEGIATE SCHOOL, Chicago, III. Nos. 479-481 Dearborn Ave. Seventeenth year. Prepares for College, and gives special courses of study. For Young Ladies and Children. Mig8 R g RlcE A M , Miss M. E. Bkedy, A.M., j - Principals. ROCKPORD COLLEOE FOR WOMEN, Rockford, III. Forty-fifth year begins Sept. 13,1893. College course and excellent preparatory school. Specially organized departments of Music and Art. Four well-equipped laboratories. Good growing library, fine gymnasium, resident physician. Memo- rial Hall enables students to much reduce expenses. For cat- alogue address Sarah F. Anderson, Principal (Lock box 52). MISS CLAGETT'S HOME AND DAY SCHOOL FOR OIRLS. Boston, Mass., 252 Marlboro' St. Reopens October 3. Specialists in each Department. References: Rev. Dr. Don- ald, Trinity Church; Mrs. Louis Aoassiz, Cambridge; Pres. Walker, Institute of Technology. NEW ENOLAND CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC, Boston, Mass. Founded by Carl Faklten, Dr. Eben Toubgee. Director. THE LEADING CONSERVATORY OF AMERICA. In addition to its unequaled musical advantages, excep- tional opportunities are also provided for the study of Elocu- tion, the Fine Arts, and Modern Languages. The admirably equipped Home affords a safe and inviting residence for lady students. Calendar free. Frank W. Hale, General Manager. Franklin Square, Boston, Mass. MICHIGAN FEMALE SEMINARY, Kalamazoo, Mich. A superior school and refined home. Number of students limited. Terms 8250. Send for Catalogue. Opens Sep- tember 14, 1893. Brick buildings, passenger elevator, and steam heat. BINOHAM SCHOOL (FOR BOYS), Ashevllle, N. C. 1793.— Ejtablishid in 1793.—1893. 201st Session begins Sept. 1, 1893. Maj. R. Bingham, Supt. FREEHOLD INSTITUTE, Freehold, N. J. Boys aged 8 to 16 received into family; fitted for any col- lege. Business College Course, with Typewriting, Stenog- raphy. A. A. Chambers, A.M., Principal. YOUNO LADIES' SEMINARY, Freehold, N. J. Prepares pupils for College. Broader Seminary Course. Room for twenty-five boarders. Individual care of pupils. Pleasant family life. Fall term opens Sept. 13,1893. Miss Eunice D. Sew all, Principal. MISS GIBBONS' SCHOOL FOR OIRLS, New York City. No. 55 West 47th st. Mrs. Sarah H. Emerson, Principal. Will re-open Oct. 4. A few boarding pupils taken. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, BALTIMORE. ^Announcements of the Graduate, Collegiate, and Medical Courses for the next academic year are now ready, and will be sent on application. 52 [July 16, 1893. THE DIAL A Territory in the Sky. The entire area of New Mexico, 122,444 square miles in extent, averages as high as the loftiest summit of the White Mountains of New Hampshire. There, on a slope of the Rockies, bordered by the pine forest, neighbored by gorges and foaming torrents where trout abound, and environed by quaint Mexican villages, lies Las Vegas Hot Springs, one of the most attractive of Ameri- can resorts. Chronic diseases are relieved by the medicinal waters —every form of bath being administered—and the climate is a specific for pulmonary affections. The superb Hotel Montezuma accommodates 250 guests. Send for illustrated descriptive book, "The Land of Sunshine," to JN0 j BYRNE 701 Monadnock Building, Chicago. THE DOUBLE SUMMER NUMBER OF POET-LORE. JIN JIMERICAN DUMBER, containing a variety of contributions on American subjects. At Inspection, A Story of American Army Life, by Dorothy Lundt. A Study of Walt Whitman, by Professor Oscar L. Triggt, of the Chicago University, is an important contribution to American literary criticism. Emma Lazarus: Woman, Patriot, Poet, is the sub- ject of a critical and biographical essay by Mary M. Cohen. The Singer, by M. A. Warswkk. Emerson as an Exponent of Beauty in Poetry, by Helen A. Clarke. A Talk on American Patriotic Poems, by Charlotte Porter. Early Women Poets of America, by Mary Harned. Poet's Parleys: "A Dream of Freedom," by Lowell and Whitlier, and "America," by Lanier and Whitman. A Prophecy of America. A reprint of William Blake's famous work of genius. Other subjects treated are: Recent American Verse, Dramas of New England Life: "Giles Corey" and "Shore Acres." A number of peculiar interest and value, which every American should wish to see and to pre- serve in his library. Yearly Subscription, $2.50. This Double Number, SO cts.; Single Number, 35 cts. Orders received by all Newsdealers and Booksellers, or may be sent to the Publishers, POET-LORE CO., 196 Summer St., Boston. Joseph Gillotts steel tens. GOLD MEDALS, PARIS, 1878 and 1889. His Celebrated lumbers, 303-404-I7O-604-332 tAnd bis other styles, may be bad of all dealers throughout the World. JOSEPH GILLOTT & SONS, NEW YORK. The Boorum &■ Pease Company, MANUFACTURERS OF The STANDARD Blank Books. (For the Trade Only.) 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Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York. ** [Aug. 1, 1893. The Life of Sir Richard F. Burton. By his Wife, Isabel Burton. With numerous Portraits, Illustrations and Maps, and two colored Plates. In 2 vols., 8vo, cloth, $12.00. The career of the late Sir Richard F. Burton, the distinguished traveler, and editor of “The Arabian Nights,” was perhaps the most adventurous and romantic of any º, of the last generation. He was an encyclopedic scholar, and much more than a scholar. He knew and had seen more of dark Africa than most men, and more of Mohammedan lands than any man. It seemed a simple thing for him to travel in disguise among fanatics where discovery meant death, but his life was manysided, and his biography illustrates a remarkable va- riety of interests. Lady Burton has proved her literary ability before, and in these volumes she has done justice to an exceptional opportunity. Camp-Fires of a Naturalist. By CLARENCE E. Edwords. 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Containing fourteen stories, sev- eral of which are now published for the first time, and two poems. 12mo, 427 pages, cloth, $1.50. “‘Many Inventions' will confirm Mr. Kipling's reputation. . . . We could cite with pleasure sentences from almost every page, and extract incidents from almost every story. But to what end? Here is the completest book that Mr. Kipling has yet given us in workmanship, the weightiest and most humane in breadth of view.” – Pall Mall Ga- | cette. “Mr. Kipling's powers as a story-teller are evidently not diminishing. we advise everybody to buy." Many Inventions' and to profit by some of the best entertainment that modern fiction has to offer.” – New York Sun. “Many Inventions' will be welcomed wherever the English language is spoken. . . . 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APPLETON & CO., Nos. 1, 3, & 5 Bond Street, New York. * º º º: º THE DIAL a ScmtsfHontijIg Journal of ILttcrarg (ZCttttrigm, HisniBaton, anb information. THE DIAL (founded in 1S80) is published on the 1st and 16th of each month. Turns or Subscription, S2.00 a year in advance, pottage prepaid in the United State), Canada, and Mexico; in other countries comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. RekittjUices should be by check, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL. Special Rates to Clou and for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application; and Sample Copt on receipt of 10 cents. Advertising Rates furnished on application. All communications should be addressed to THE DIAL, No. 24 Adams Street, Chicago. No. 171. AUGUST 1, 1893. Vol. XV. Contents. PAOE A YEAR OF CONTINENTAL LITERATURE . . 55 THE AUXILIARY CONGRESSES 60 The Congress of Philologists, the Congress of His- torians, the Folk-lore Congress, the Congress of Li- brarians. COMMUNICATIONS 62 "Perhaps an Error." R. O. Williams. English Drama at the Universities. C. MORE "RECOLLECTIONS OF A HAPPY LIFE." E.G.J. 64 AN EVOLUTIONIST'S ALARM. Paul Shorn, . . 66 THE STORY OF JOAN OF ARC. Octave Thanet . 67 BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 70 Studies of the Greek Poets.— A diagrammatic treat- ment of English Literature.—A condensed history of the Italian Republics.— More portraits of Women of the French Court.— A guide to reading and mak- ing verse.— Beautiful reprint of the Hebrew text of the Old Testament.— Narrative of a Polish adven- turer. BRIEFER MENTION 73 LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS 73 TOPICS LN LEADING PERIODICALS 74 A YEAR OF CONTINENTAL LITER- ATURE. For some time past "The Athenaeum" has published annual summaries of the current lit- erature of Continental Europe, each country of importance being represented by a special ar- ticle. To the year just ended are devoted no less than thirty-two pages of the issue for July 1 of our English contemporary, and the infor- mation given by this series of communications is of such interest that we feel justified in de- voting considerable space to a summary of their contents. There are in all thirteen articles, the countries represented being Belgium, Bo- hemia, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Holland, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Russia, Spain, and Sweden. This list includes, it will be seen, every European country of any literary import- ance, with the two exceptions of Norway and Portugal. M. Joseph Reinach, who is the French con- tributor to this symposium, thus comments upon the general literary situation in France: "The word crisis is, indeed, the most applicable to the present state of French letters. They are on a field of battle where two different mental tendencies are struggling for mastery: science and metaphysics, criti- cism and belief, realism and idealism. Fifty or sixty years ago the same phenomenon appeared, and then romanticism triumphed over classicism, positivism over spiritualism, liberal ideas over the old principles of abso- lutism. Which will triumph to-day cannot be predicted with certainty. Perhaps neither of the tendencies which I have indicated will be victorious; perhaps the two currents of existing thought will continue to run par- allel. At most one may discover under the vacillations of the moment an uneasiness in matters of social action, and in regard to letters in particular a growing belief that they are not merely a relaxation, an amusement, or a consolation, but that they ought to result in some direct teaching and help to man, tracing for him a line of conduct in life. This will be better understood after a rapid glance at the principal works of French litera- ture during the last twelve months." After a few comments upon the influence ex- erted over French thought by the two great men of letters who have recently died—Renan and Taine — M. Reinach begins his review with some remarks about M. Ernest Lavisse, whose " Jeunesse de Frederic II." is one of the notable books of the year. "His talents as a sagacious historian and a fascinat- ing writer have often been remarked upon, but he is, perhaps, less known as an educationalist to those who are not familiar with the progress and history of school- mastering. M. Ernest Lavisse has in this department left a very deep impress on the generation of young professors and their youthful auditors of the Faculty of Letters at Paris, where he teaches. After 1870 he held that it was the mission of the Ministers of Public Education, and especially of the professors of history, to know and make known the secret of our conquer- or's power. That is why all his endeavors have been concentrated on the annals of Prussia and Germany. His success has been so signal, both in the quality of the matter and the excellence of the manner of his work, that the author of' Etudes sur les Origines de la Prusse' is recognized to-day as an incontestable authority on the point." Studies of the French Revolution have figured 56 [Aug. 1, THE DIAL largely in the work of the past year, having been encouraged by the Society of the History of the Revolution, and by a special chair established by the Faculty of Letters at Paris. Some of the books in this department are M. Aulard's " Le Culte de la Raison et le Culte de l'Etre Su- preme, 1793-1794," the fourth volume of M. Albert Sorel's "L'Europe et la Revolution," and M. H. Houssaye's "1815." Other histor- ical studies are M. Thureau-Dangin's work on the reign of Louis Philippe, M. Spuller's work on Lamennais, M. Leroy-Beaulieu's "La Pa- paute, L'Eglise, et la Democratic," and M. Benoist's " L'Eglise et l'Etat." In poetry, M. Jose Maria de Heredia's "Les Trophe'es" is singled out for special praise. In fiction, the place of first importance is given to M. Zola's "La Debacle," of which we read: "When this work appeared its morality was the sub- ject of much discussion. Some of its critics took ex- ception to the mournful picture of the military disor- ganization, the despair and general hopelessness which marked the terrible downfall of the empire. Some, in- deed, went so far as to accuse M. Zola of a serious lack of patriotism for having thus laid bare the story of our army's sufferings and defeats. These criticisms do not seem to me to have much foundation. The catastrophe at Sedan, terrible as it was, had certain lessons to teach, and it is well that someone should have interpreted them. There is a patriotism, as sincere and as ardent as the other, which finds in a defeat something to be learned and pondered over for future guidance." Other noteworthy works of fiction are M. Bour- get's " Terre Promise " and " Cosmopolis," M. Margueritte's "Sur le Retour," M. Prevost's "L'Automne d'une Femine," M. France's "Ro- tisserie de la Reine Pedauque," M. Barres's "L'Ennemi des Lois," and M. Lemaitre's "Les Rois." In criticism are mentioned a volume of essays by M. Brunetiere, M. de Vogue's "Heures d'Histoire," and M. Doumic's "De Scribe a Ibsen." M. Reinach concludes his article in the following hopeful strain: "The ethic — or, to use a less pretentious word, the moral—character of literature is regaining importance. The most of our men of letters are writers with a thesis — even those who seem to sacrifice the least to the de- sire of proving a truth; and the most wayward allow themselves to be impressed by the serious problems of the moment. In poetry, too, symbolism—efforts to el- press what young theorists call' the mystery of things' — is a sign of the general state of men's minds. It is the same with the historian in the choice of subject, and with the character and part some assign to critics. 'L'art pour l'art,' 'le de'sinte'ressemeut littdrairc,' are phrases that have had their day, as well as descriptions of gross realities. The object of our best writers ap- pears to be to teach men what one of them calls < le de- voir present et Taction morale.'" Herr Robert Zimmermann, who writes the German article, says that the literature of his country at the present day has less to fear from a comparison with contemporary literatures than from a comparison with its former great- ness, with the "time of its literary classicism and philosophical idealism," which is so ob- vious as hardly to be worth the saying. In dramatic literature, nothing published has been found worthy of the Grillparzer prize, which is awarded only to dramas of inherent worth and proved success upon the stage. We have mention, however, of Herr Fulda's " Das Ver- lorene Paradies" and "Die Sklavin," of Herr Sudermann's " Hirmat," of Herr Hauptmann's "Die Weber," of Herr Wilbrandt's "Der Meister von Palmyra," and of Herr Widmann's "Jenseits von Gut und Bose." The latter title is also given to the latest philosophical work of Herr Nietzsche. This is a very fin de siecle book, as appears from the writer's comment: "The justifiable contention that the man who has ar- rived at complete moral control over himself no longer requires the leading-strings of duty and legal restraint goes too far when it is assumed that commands and precepts are only binding upon 'lower' mankind, and that the 'higher,' or so-called < upper,' mankind is above the law and the opposite qualities of good and bad. The moral cynicism contained therein is veiled by the sem- blance of greatness that superiority to the law conjures up in the minds of naive readers and onlookers." Among novels, Herr Heyse's "Merlin" leads the list, followed by the " Per Aspera" of Dr. Ebers, the "Sonntagskind" of Herr Spiel- hagen, and the "Glaubenslos" of Frau von Ebner-Eschenbach. The Goethe Gesellschaft has been active during the year, and has done something towards the rehabilitation of Chris- tiane. There has been no end of Bismarck literature, mostly ephemeral. Herr Nietzsche, besides the book already mentioned, has pub- lished the fourth volume of his principal work, "Also Sprach Zarathustra." Having fallen a victim to the curse of insanity, the career of this brilliant writer is probably closed. Literature has been active in all three of the Scandinavian countries, and we much regret that Norway should be unrepresented in the "Athenaeum " symposium. Herr Alfred Ipsen, writing from Denmark, tells us: "The public is tired of books crammed with discus- sion, so that they seem the works of so many journal- ists— tired of a sterile realism, which has ended with giving us only photographs of life, disregarding the human soul's everlasting thirst for something beyond or behind reality. There is a feeling that we have had enough of sexual abnormities and pathological phenom- ena— enough of stories of sinful and merely sensual love, detailed with minute accuracy. . . . Some point to Maeterlinck as the prophet to come, and comment 1893.] 57 THE DIAL on his works, while they proceed to imitate him as fast as they can. Many still swear by Henrik Ibsen, and especially by his last esoteric dramas. French sym- bolists also are finding imitators and eulogists among onr youngest writers, and Baudelaire has been canon- ized by a few young poets who 'hiive read him.'" The writer makes particular mention of the in- terest aroused in Denmark by the Shelley cen- tenary, and of Dr. A. Hansen's translation of "Prometheus Unbound." A sumptuous mon- ograph on Thorvaldsen is among the note- worthy books of the year, but the name of the author is not given. A great cooperative work on the Denmark of to-day is also mentioned. A dictionary of Danish national biography is being edited by Herr Hegel of the Gylden- dalske firm of publishers. Other books of im- portance are Professor P. Hansen's "History of the Royal Danish Theatre," Dr. Vedel's work upon Dante, and his "Kulturbaerere" (" Bearers of Culture"), the latter being studies of Boccaccio, Petrarch, Chaucer, and others. Herr Hugo Tigerschiold, who writes from Sweden, thus characterizes the most important book of the year: "The most remarkable literary production of the year is certainly Louis de Geer's' Minnen' (' Memoirs'). Animated by an infinite love of truth, the aged states- man has bequeathed to his country the picture of a no- ble and upright, clear, if not altogether deep, personal- ity, in whose life, both private and political, one can never detect any but the purest motives. At the same time he has imparted to us in these memoirs many im- portant and hitherto unknown documents relating to Sweden's most recent history, which no one knows bet- ter than he who has taken such an active part in it." The death of the Countess Leffler-Cajanello was the most serious loss of Swedish letters during the year; a posthumous sketch of her friend, Professor Sonja Kovalevski, is among the books of the year mentioned by the writer of this article. Another posthumous work of import- ance gives to the public the letters and me- moirs of the great chemist Scheele, and proves, we are told, "to demonstration the claims of Scheele to be regarded as the discoverer of oxygen." The following extract from the Swed- ish article is of much interest: "The difficulties which Swedish authors in the field of belles-lettres have to contend with, and which, so far as they result from the limited area of the language and the restriction of the book market to a very short period of the year, have already been touched upon in my pre- vious review, have led during the present year to a combination of authors into an Authors' Union. The narrow circle which an author in Sweden can reckon upon, in consequence of the limited area of the lan- guage in general, is made even narrower than it need be by several other circumstances. A torrent of trans- lations from foreign belles-lettres of very doubtful value, not unfrequently acquired by publishers at unreasona- bly low prices, really floods the market, and competes with the works of original native authors. The Union has, therefore, set before it the task of ostracizing both bad translations and translations of bad books, and thereby establishing fixed minimum prices for both translations and original works." The article on Italy is the work of Signori Ruggero Bonghi and Giovanni Zannoni, and the following extracts are taken from the open- ing paragraphs: "It is scarcely fifteen years since the domination of current Italian literature by one or the other of two schools of poetic thought — if, indeed, they deserve the name — seemed inevitable, and that two possible ways only were open to it, one of which it must follow. The tendency of the one school was to revert to classical models, more particularly Horace, both in subject-mat- ter and in form; the other followed in the steps of the latest examples of the French naturalistic school, bor- rowing all its worst features and all its exaggerations." Of the men of the first school we read: "But their existence was short. The very audacity of their aims, and the sickly wantonness of many of them, not only wearied the reading public, but soon roused its indignation. To-day the majority of these poets have no alternative but to be ashamed of their own verses." The work of the other school is thus summar- ized: "The classical school, on the other hand, had a no- bler object and a wider scope. Giosue Carducci set forth its guiding principles in a volume which contains some of his best lyrics. He showed by his work how the art of Horace could best be reproduced in Italian lyric poetry, how best to render to Italian ears the music of hexameters and pentameters, alcaics and as- clepiads. To-day this neo-classic school seems also to be on the brink of dissolution, although it can still boast one or two good writers." Signor Carducci, of course, remains the one great poet of contemporary Italy. "On the 20th of September, the anniversary of the breach of the Porta Pia, it has now been for some years Carducci's custom to publish an ode on some national topic, inspired by the glory of our political resurrection. The title of this year's poem is ' II Cadore.' Cadore pos- sesses some of the most stirring memories in the north of Italy. Here it was that a long and fierce struggle took place against the Austrian troops. Cadore sent forth the best of her sons, her women, and her priests to fight for liberty so long as they had a drop of blood to shed. It was a truly heroic defense, worthy of being sung in epic and lyric strains, and Carducci has cele- brated it in lofty patriotic verse." After mentioning the " Odi Navali " of Signor d'Annunzio and the "Carmi e Odi Barbare" of Signor Razetti, the article continues as fol- lows: "The following tendencies are, therefore, to be noted in regard to the development of poetry in Italy at pres- ent, viz., the repudiation of the neo-classic style, even 58 [Aug. 1, THE DIAL by those who have themselves closely followed it in the past, and the rise of a lyric poetry whose aim is to be the exponent of the miseries of the wretched. Hence academic poetry with its fixed poetic systems is falling into disuse, and it is not possible to save it. Upon its ruins is rising a new type of lyric poetry, devoting itself to otiose meanderings. The first fact need occa- sion nothing but rejoicing; the second should warn us to advance somewhat circumspectly. Since a young poetess, Ada Negri, with the true poetic instinct, strong and original, has carried a generous wrath into glowing verses, too many have thought themselves to be inspired by the social muse; but its notes are harsh and sombre. No longer do we see the old-fashioned Arcadia with its piping shepherds, but another type of Arcadia — per- haps a less pleasing one — with its oppressed and its barricades." Among novels we are especially asked to note Signor Praga's " La Biondina," Signor de Ros- si's " Mai d'Amore," Signor Farina's " Amore Bugiarda," Signor Mambrini's "A Bordo," and Signora Serao's "Castigo." In miscella- neous literature, Signora Beri's " In Calabria," Senatore Pasolini's " Caterina Sforza," Signor Centelli's " Caterina Cornaro e il Suo Regno," and Signor Carducci's " La Storia del Giorno di Giuseppe Parini," seem to be particularly noteworthy. SeBor Kiano leads off his discussion of con- temporary Spanish letters with some remarks upon the books called forth by the Columbus centenary. Among these we note " Autografos de Cristobal Colon y Papeles de America," a volume of original documents published by the Duchess of Berwick and Alba, and Seiior Asensio's "Fuentes Historicas Sobre Colon y America." The writer thus concludes the Co- lumbus section of his article: "To end with this topic, which is becoming rather tedious, I may conclude by saying that two important points have been gained: one is that it is almost certain that Columbus's birthplace was Savona; the other that Amerigo Vespucci never thought of giving, or pretended to give, his own name to the new continent discovered by Columbus, but that it was entirely the fault of those who drew the first charts of the discovered continent." We are also told of the Congress of Ameri- canists assembled last October at Huelva, and of the linguistic studies stimulated by that gathering. There has been of late a consider- able revival in Spain of interest in Arabic studies, as the following paragraph will show: "For some time past my countrymen seem to have arrived at the conviction that the study of the Oriental languages, and principally of the Magrebi or Western Arabic, is not only indispensable for the complete knowl- edge of the national annals, but also useful in view of Spain's mercantile and political relations with Morocco. Hence it is that the number of chairs or professorships at the universities has been increased; that manuscripts have been bought at Tunis, Algiers, and elsewhere; and that numerous publications are daily being made on the history and geography of Mohammedan Spain. I scarcely need call your readers' attention to the collec- tion of Hispano-Arab historians which the learned Pro- fessor of Arabic at the University of Madrid is now continuing, and the eighth volume of which, containing the text of Ebu Alfaradhf, a writer of the fourteenth cen- tury of our era, has just appeared. Under the title of < Estudios sobre la Invasion de los Arabes en Espafia,' Saavedra (Don Eduardo) has published what may be rightly denominated a luminous essay on the invasion of Spain by the Moors." In belles-lettres, nothing of special importance has appeared during the year, unless we ac- cord that distinction to "Mariana" and "Do- lores," two comedies by Seiior Echegaray. M. Paul Fre^ricq's Belgian article opens as follows: "The two principal events in the annals of French literature in Belgium during the last twelve months are the republication of the < Legende d'Uylenspiegel' of the bite Charles de Coster, and the production at Paris of the < Pelldas et Me'lisandc' of M. Maurice Maeter- linck." Other works deemed worthy of special mention are M. Nautet's "Histoire des Lettres Beiges d'Expression Francaise," M. Eekhoud's " Au Siecle de Shakespeare," M. Kurth's "L'His- toire Po^tique des M^rovingiens," the conclu- sion of "L'CEuvre de P. P. Rubens," by M. Rooses, and the conclusion of the "Cours d'Histoire Nationale," by Mgr. Nameche. Of the latter work we read: "The twenty-ninth and last volume of Mgr. Nameche's great' Cours d'Histoire Nationale ' has just made its ap- pearance, although the author died, at the age of eighty- two, in January last. This volume stops at the year 1804, and deals with the history of Belgium under the Consulate. The first volume of this vast and scholarly composition was published forty years ago." Among books written in the Flemish language, the writer gives the place of first importance to M. van Zuylen's " De Belgische Taalwetten Toegelicht," a work "designed to furnish an account of the laws on the official use of the two national languages." The death of La- veleye has been the great loss of the year in Belgian letters. From Holland, Mr. Taco H. de Beer writes to inform us that "there is a dreadful monot- ony about the middle-class Dutchman and about the ordinary society of the Dutch East Indies, which form the staple materials of our novel- ists." The successes in Dutch fiction have been "Eene Illusie," by Mr. Couperus, "Johannes Viator," by Mr. van Eeden, and "De Bre- deros," a historical novel by Professor Jan ten Brink. Among plays, "Petrus Dathenus," by Mr. Hoogewerf, and " Het Goudvischje," 1893.] 59 THE DIAL by Mr. van Nouhuys, are noted. The follow- ing note is of curious philological interest: "What might interest English readers is the appear- ance of a little book of Professor Bulbring, the well- known philologist from Heidelberg, who lately was made Professor of English at Groningen. The oratio inau- guralis of the Professor of English at a Dutch univer- sity was delivered in — German! The professor's pre- decessor was never heard speaking English in public, nor will the present professor address his audience in that language. As Professor Bulbring discoursed about < Wege und Ziele der Engliscben Philologie,' it is rather curious that he did not prove by example that speaking the language is one of the aims of English philology." Contemporary Russian literature is treated at some length by Mr. P. Milyoukov, who does not, however, find many important works to mention. What he says of the literary tenden- cies of the last decades is highly interesting. "The 'men of the eighties,' who made a virtue of their want of principle, have been silent. It is not so long ago that they were making a stir and causing people to talk of them, although by no means formidable; but latterly, although certain publicists belonging to the party still continue to pour out the vials of their wrath, nobody pays them any attention. Again, during the 'seventies' a curious movement sprang up which was called 'going among the people,' and consisted in an adoption of the life of farm labourers by educated and cultivated young men, who thus established colonies amongst the peasantry which served as centres for the spread of socialism. During the 'eighties' these set- tlements succumbed to the prevalent tone, and, cutting themselves off from their surroundings, devoted them- selves, partly under the influence of Tolstoy's teach- ings, to the work of self-perfection. To-day they have taken a new departure. They have recognized that this self-centred work of internal improvement leads in- evitably to mysticism and sectarianism, and deprives them of all wider influence. In a word, the rise in the social temperature, which I recorded last year, continues unmistakably. The Russian social movement is clearly preparing itself for fresh and increasing efforts. To begin with, after putting aside the programme of the 1 men of the eighties,' we have commenced an active survey of the social programmes of preceding periods. This is, indeed, the meaning of a renewal of the contro- versy between our liberals and our radicals, or party of the people; for in a country where eighty-eight per cent of the population are peasants, radicalism is bound to be popular." A few of the publications mentioned by Mr. Milyoukov are the "Village Communes" of Vorontzov, an "Essay in Russian Historiog- raphy," by Professor Ikonnikov, and a volume of " Sketches and Tales," by Korolenko. Mr. Adam Belcikowski, who writes of things Polish, calls our attention to " Lux in Tenebris Lucet," and "Do We Follow Him," both by Mr. Sienkiewicz, and both showing signs of an encroaching mysticism which we hope will not make of this great writer a second Tolstoi'. "Charcyzy," a historical novel by Mr. Rawita, and "The Annals of the Western Slavs," by Mr. Bogulawski, are other noticeable books of the year. Mr. V. Tille, the Bohemian corres- pondent, reports much Comenius literature, two volumes of poems and one of essays by Mr. Vrchlicky, the first part of Mr. Vlcek's "History of Bohemian Literature," and a gen- eral tendency towards realism. Herr Leopold K atelier, writing from Hungary, praises " The Gyurkovics Girls," by Mr. Ferencz Herczeg, the "True Stories " of Dr. Adolf Agai, Mr. Gracza's "Life and Work of Kossuth," and the "Social Economy" of Professor Fbldes. Mr. Jokai, also, has published a novel, "Brother George," in five volumes. This popular writer is soon to celebrate "the half-centenary of his literary activity "— or rather it will be cele- brated for him by the publication of his col- lected works in a limited Edition de luxe. Last of all upon our list comes an article from Greece, by Mr. S. P. Lambros, who tells us of Mr. Karkavitsas, and his tales, called " Diegemata"; of "The Eyes of My Soul," by Mr. Palamas, and " The Singer of the Village and the Fold," by Mr. Krystallis, both volumes being verse. With these notes we must bring to an end our digest of this very valuable series of articles, referring our readers to the pages of "The Athenaeum " both for other titles and for further details concerning the books that we have sin- gled out for mention. THE AUXILIARY CONGRESSES. The space at our disposal in the last issue of The Dial was so fully taken up with the account of the Congress of Authors that we were obliged to post- pone our report of the four other Congresses held during the week ending July 15. The subjects of those Congresses were, as our readers have already been informed, Philology, Folk-lore, History, and Libraries. THE CONGRESS OF PHILOLOGISTS. The Congress of Philologists embraced the regu- lar annual meeting of the American Philological Association, specially appointed meetings of the Modern Language Association of America and the American Dialect Society, a meeting of the Spelling Reform Association, and a number of general meet- ings for the consideration of papers not presented by the organized bodies of philologists above men- tioned. The Congress assembled, as a whole, what was probably the most important gathering of phil- ologists that ever met in the United States; and there is likely to follow, as one of its consequences, a series of biennial joint meetings of the philological societies of the country. The American Philolog- ical Association usually devotes the first evening THE DIAL [Aug. 1, session of its annual meeting to an address, upon some subject of extra-philological interest, by the President for the year. Professor William Gard- ner Hale, of the University of Chicago, has occu- pied that position for the year just ended, and his address was given Tuesday evening, July 11, the subject being " Democracy and Education." It was a scholarly exposition of the particular perils to which the higher education is exposed in a demo- cratic environment, and, in the case of our own country, opened a fairly hopeful outlook upon the future. Among the papers read before the Asso- ciation at its subsequent sessions we may mention the following as of special value: "The Language of the Law," by Mr. H. L. Baker; "Vedic Studies," by Professor Maurice Bloomfield; and "The Re- mote Deliberative in Greek," by Professor W. G. Hale. On Wednesday and Friday mornings, there were held two "general sessions," devoted mainly to the papers offered by distinguished European guests of the Association. These papers included "The Connection between Indian and Greek Phi- losophy," by Professor Richard Garbe, of Konigs- berg; "Helles and Dunkles I im Lateinischen," by Professor Hermann Osthoff, of Heidelberg; "Indogermanische Ablautprobleme," by Professor Wilhelm Streitberg, of Freiburg (Switzerland); and " The Scientific Emendation of Classical Texts," by Professor E. A. Sonnenschein, of Birmingham. Other papers read at these sessions were: "Some Problems in Greek Syntax," by Professor Basil L. Gildersleeve; "The Relation of Philology to His- tory," by Prof essor M. Bloomfield; and " The Eth- ical and Psychological Implications of the Style of Thucydides," by Professor Paul Shorey. A paper on "Unpublished Manuscript Treasures," by Mr. T. G. Pinches, of the British Museum, was pre- sented at one of the sessions. Mr. Pinches had made his preparations to be present at the Congress, but was, at the last moment, detained in London by a vexatious lawsuit A paper sent by Professor Michel Breal, of the College de France, had for its subject "Canons of Etymological Investigation," and was made the basis of an interesting discus- sion, opened by Professor B. I. Wheeler. Another discussion, led by Professor M. Bloomfield, had for its theme the "Importance of Uniformity in the Transliteration of non-Roman Alphabets." The Association, before adjourning, transacted its regu- lar business, and elected Professor James M. Gar- nett, of the University of Virginia, as President for the coming year. The meeting of the Modern Language Associa- tion comprised two sessions, both on Thursday, July 13. Among the papers presented were: "The Language of the Sciences and a Universal Lan- guage," by Professor F. A. March; "German Phi- lology in America," by Professor M. D. Learned; and " The Training of College and University Pro- fessors," by Professor A. Rambeau. The Ameri- can Dialect Society and the Spelling Reform Asso- ciation had one session each. The sessions not held under the special auspices of the philological organizations were seven in num- ber, and offered a preponderance of papers upon subjects in the department of oriental archaeology. These papers were collected by Mrs. Elizabeth A. Reed, and to this lady is due a special word of praise for her efforts in behalf of the Congress. Dr. Max Ohnefalsch-Richter, of Berlin, lectured upon Cypriote archaeology; and Professor W. H. Goodyear, of Brooklyn, summarized the line of argument, based upon a study of prehistoric orna- ment, that has made him a firm believer in the non-Asiatic origin of the Aryans. Both these lec- tures were illustrated with the lantern. Other speak- ers and papers comprised in the programmes of these miscellaneous sessions were: "Old Testament History in the Light of Recent Discoveries," by Dr. William C. Winslow, who represents the Egypt Exploration Fund in this country; and " Cleopatra," a lecture by Dr. Samuel A. Binion, of New York. The following papers (the writers not being pre- sent) were among those sent to be read at the Con- gress: "Greek Ceramography in Relation to Greek Mythology," by Miss Jane Harrison of London; "Schliemann's Excavations," by Mrs. Schliemann, of Athens; "Assyrian and Babylonian Libraries," by Professor A. H. Sayce, of Oxford; "Babylonian and Assyrian Archaeology," by Mr. Hormuzd Ras- sam, of London; and " Koptic Art and Its Relation to Early Christian Ornament," by Dr. Georg Ebers, of Munich. THE CONGRESS OF HISTORIANS. The Congress of Historians was called to order by Dr. W. F. Poole, on Tuesday morning, July 11, and was organized by the choice of Dr. James B. Angell, of Michigan University, as President, and Dr. Herbert B. Adams, of Johns Hopkins Univer- sity, as Secretary. These gentlemen hold the same positions in the American Historical Association, and nearly all the contributors of papers are mem- bers of the same Association. The sessions were continued morning and evening for three days, the afternoons being devoted to the Fair at Jackson Park. Notwithstanding the fact that five Con- gresses were in progress at the same time and un- der the same roof, the history sessions were at- tended by several hundred interested auditors, and the Congress was regarded by all as a complete suc- cess. Universities and colleges were largely repre- sented in the scheme of exercises. Of the contri- butors of the thirty-three papers, three were presi- dents of universities and seventeen were professors, most of them professors of history. Of the other contributors, ten were well-known historical writers, and four were ladies, whose papers were among the most interesting read. It will be seen that ama- teur historians and sensational theorists had no place in the programme. President Angell was the reader of the first paper, his subject being "The Inadequate Recognition of Diplomatists by His- torians." It was listened to with great interest, 1893.] 61 THE DIAL and set forth the eminent services of diplomatists, whose names, in connection with these services, are rarely mentioned by English and American histor- ians. French and Continental writers have a better appreciation of historical justice. The discussion of "The Value of National Historical Archives," by Mrs. Ellen Hardin Walworth, of Saratoga, was one of the ablest and most practical papers read at the Congress. It depicted in eloquent and forcible terms the need of such a department at Washing- ton. All the other great, and many of the smaller, nations of the world have departments of archives, and the United States has none. The student of American history must go, or send, to Europe, or to Canada (which has an excellent department of state papers), to find documents which should be in Washington. Mrs. Walworth concluded by offer- ing a resolution to the effect that a committee be appointed to memorialize our national Congress to establish such a department. An earnest discussion followed, supporting the resolution, and it passed unanimously. Dr. James Schouler, of Boston, and Dr. Charles J. Little, of the Northwestern University, happily discussed "The Methods of Historical Investiga- tion " and "The Historical Method of Writing the History of Christian Doctrine." Dr. Fred. Ban- croft read a paper on "Mr. Seward's Position to- ward the South from November, 1860, to March 4, 1861." On Wednesday morning, " Pre-Columbian Discovery," "Prince Henry, the Navigator," and "The Economic Conditions of Spain in the Sixteenth Century " were ably treated by the Hon. J. P. Bax- ter, of Portland, Me., Prof. E. G. Bourne, of Adel- bert College, and Prof. Bernard Moses, of the Uni- versity of California; and Prof. Lucy M. Salmon, of Vassar College, read a good paper on " The Union of Utrecht." In the evening the Hon. William Henry Smith, of Lake Forest, and Mr. Reuben G. Thwaites, of Madison, Wis., read interesting papers on " Early Slavery in the Northwest" and "Early Lead Min- ing in Illinois and Wisconsin." Thursday morning opened with a scholarly paper by Dr. L. H. Boutell, of Chicago, on "Roger Sherman in the National Constitutional Convention," in which he replied to the claim made by Dr. Charles J. Stille", in his life of John Dickinson, that Dickinson was the author of the provisions of the Constitution con- cerning the number and choice of Senators. Other excellent papers were read, which we have not space to mention. The time, during the six sessions of more than two hours each, was fully occupied, and it was necessary to omit the reading of papers when their writers were not present. THE FOLK-LORE CONGRESS. It is quite impossible to summarize, in any de- tailed way, within the limits of the space available, the results of a Congress that cost months of active preparation and extended through six busy days. Only the barest outlines can be presented. The Congress was planned and held in the face of op- position and discouragement from organized bodies in London and Boston — the American Folk-Lore Society's Secretary declaring that it would be im- practicable to hold a World's Congress in the United States at this time. In view of the phenomenal suc- cess of the Congress, these elements of difficulty and discouragement should be noted; as should the fact that the success is very largely due to the un- tiring labors and enthusiasm of Lieut. F. S. Bassett, chairman of the committee of arrangements. This was the third International Congress of Folk-lore ever held, and really the first to which all nations were invited, and in which representatives from nearly all civilized peoples of the earth participated. More than thirty nationalities were represented, one hundred persons actively participating in the literary exercises, and more than a hundred in the concert. Twelve sessions were held, at which sixty-eight pa- pers and addresses were read and forty-seven sep- arate songs were sung, in addition to the phono- graphic chants. The geographical range of the essays was unrestricted. The folk-lore of all lands was treated at the hands of those who were natives, or who had lived in the lands of which they spoke, from Corea to Dalmatia. Many distinguished folk- lore scholars from abroad assisted personally in this exposition of the folk-lore of Asia, Africa, Eu- rope, and the two Americas. Among these were the Hon. John Abercromby, Vice President of the English Folk-lore Society; Mr. Michel Smigrodzki, of Poland, a member of the Paris Society des Tra- ditions Populaires; Mr. Vucasovic, of Dalmatia; Mr. Mihic, of Servia; Mr. Beers, Secretary of the New Orleans Society; the Hon. Lorin Thurston, of Honolulu; Dr. V. I. Shopoff, of Bulgaria; Mr. Paul Groussac, of Buenos Ayres; and Mr. Ludwig Krwyzinski, of Poland. The scientific range of the papers read was also remarkable. No branch of folk-lore was unrepre- sented. Myths, legends, customs, superstitions, re- ligions, songs,— in fact, all branches of folk-speech, folk-wont, and folk-thought, were dealt with. Par- ticularly were the legends and customs of the Amer- ican aborigines treated at the hands of such experts as Surgeon Matthews, Lieutenant Scott, Dr. East- man, Mr. James Deans, Mr. Quelch, Lieutenant Welles, and Mr. Groussac. Dr. Matthews's wonder- ful collection of phonographed Navajo songs, and Lieutenant Scott's exposition of the sign language, were especially meritorious. Nor was the black man neglected. He carried off the honors at the con- cert, and in the hands of Miss Owen, Mrs. Watson, and Mrs. Sheldon, his superstitions and customs and his strange literature were ably represented. Many of these essays were made more popular by the objects from strange lands used in illustrating them,— as, for example, Dr. Matthews's "Navajo Rites," Mr. Stephen's Hopi pigments, Mrs. French- Sheldon's African charms, Mr. Smigrodzki's tablet of the Svastika, and Mr. Quelch's South American musical instruments. 62 [Aug. 1, THE DIAL The bibliography of folk-lore has never received the attention here given to it. Signor Pitre' for Italy, M. Sel>illot for France and Creole literature, Seflor Rodriguez for Venezuela, and the Rev. J. C. O'Hanlon for Ireland, fully presented the folk-lore bibliography of those lands. What may be called literary folk-lore received excellent treatment in Dr. Prato's exhaustive article on "The Symbolism of the Vase," Mr. Field's charming poem, Mrs. Catherwood's Loup-garou story, Professor Drago- monov and Mr. Head's " Taming of the Shrew," Dr. Carsten's analysis of Longfellow's "Golden Legend," and the Hon. John Abercromby's magic Finnish poetry. But it was in folk-song particularly that this Con- gress excelled. Besides the full collection of Na- vajo songs made by Dr. Matthews, and the really beautiful folk-songs of Mr. Smigrodzki, Mr. Mihic, and Mr. Cable, a concert consisting of more than forty solos and choruses, and embracing folk-music from Japan, India, Ceylon, Turkey, Africa, Swe- den, Norway, Russia, Poland, Bohemia, England, Italy, Scotland, Spain, France, Wales, and North and South America, was rendered by natives of those lands in the costumes and languages of the countries, and accompanied frequently by their own strange instruments. This concert, made possible only by the presence of specially-organized World's Fair choruses, and by the courtesy of various for- eign commissioners, was given free to the public in the two great halls of the Art Institute, to more than six thousand people, the numbers given in one hall being repeated to the audience in the other immediately after their performance in the first. Mr. Frederick W. Root, who arranged the concert, de- serves the greatest credit for successfully accom- plishing this task, without a rehearsal, and with no precedent to guide him. In the Folk-lore Congress, as in others, women played a very important part. Very much of the success of this Congress was due to the admirable tact, perseverance and effort of the acting chair- man of the Woman's Committee, Mrs. S. F. Bassett. Eight essays were contributed by women, and much of the success of the concert was due to them. THE CONGRESS OF LIBRARIANS. The annual meeting of the American Library As- sociation, which is always an occasion of very great interest to all persons engaged in library work, was merged, this year, into the Congress of Librarians, — the papers read and subjects discussed taking, in consequence, a somewhat wider range than is usual at the meetings of the Association. The Congress was opened on Wednesday morning, July 12, by the chairman of the local committee, Mr. F. H. Hild. Mr. Melvil E. Dewey, President of the Amer- ican Library Association, who was selected to pre-, side at the first day's Congress, delivered the open- ing address, in which he comprehensively reviewed library progress in the United States during the present century. He was followed by Mr. Fred- erick M. Crunden, Librarian of the St. Louis Pub- lic Library, who read an interesting paper on "The Librarian as Administrator." The second session of the Congress, on Thursday morning, was pre- sided over by Mr. Samuel S. Green, Librarian of the Worcester Public Library, who read an able paper on "State Library Commissions." Mr. R. R. Bowker, of "The Library Journal," followed with a paper on "National Bibliography," and the session closed with a paper by Prof. R. C. Davis, Librarian of the University of Michigan, on "An Over-use of Books." On Friday morning Mr. Fred- erick M. Crunden called the third session of the Con- gress to order. The first paper was by Mr. Charles A. Cutter, formerly Librarian of the Boston Athe- naeum, who spoke on "The Note of the American Library." Mr. E. H. Woodruff, Librarian of the Leland Stanford University, read an admirable pa- per on "Present Tendencies in University Libra- ries." He was followed by Dr. Emil G. Hirsch. President of the Chicago Public Library Board, whose remarks on "The Public Library in its Re- lation to Education" were listened to with the greatest attention. Among other papers read at this session were one on " The International Mutual Relations of Libraries," by Dr. Carl Dziatzko of the University Library of Gottingen, and one on " The Direct Interchange of Manuscripts between Libra- ries," by Dr. O. Hartwig, of the Royal University Library of Halle. Both of these papers were read by Mr. E. F. L. Gauss, who had made excellent trans- lations of the German originals. Two excellent pa- pers were presented by women librarians; viz., Miss C. M. Hewins, Librarian of the Hartford Li- brary Association, on "The Pictorial Resources of a Small Library," and Miss Jessie Allan, of the Omaha Public Library, on "The Library as a Teacher of Literature." The closing session of the Congress, on Saturday morning, was presided over by Miss M. S. R. James, Librarian of the People's Palace, London, who read a most interesting paper on "The People's Palace and Its Library." Mr. Peter Cowell, Librarian of the Liverpool Public Libraries, addressed the Congress on the subject of "How to Popularize the Public Library." Mr. E. C. Richardson, Librarian of Princeton College, read a paper on "Library Science and Other Sciences," and was followed by Miss Tessa Kelso, of the Los Angeles Public Library, who gave an animated address on "Some Economic Features of a Library." Mr. William I. Fletcher, Librarian of Amherst College, spoke on "The Library Cata- logue of the Twentieth Century," and Miss Kather- ine L. Sharp, Librarian of the Armour Institute, read in conclusion an interesting paper on "The Library Exhibit at the World's Fair." For want of time, some six additional papers on the pro- gramme were read by title only before the Congress adjourned. Following the four sessions of the Con- gress, the American Library Association held six meetings, at the various libraries in Chicago, dur- ing the week beginning July 17. 1893.] 63 THE DIAL COMMUNICATIONS. "PERHAPS AN ERROR." (To the Editor of The Dial.) In The Dial for July 1, I examined very briefly certain uses of known to and unknown to. The exam- ination was ancillary to the more important inquiry, Has " F. H." ever erred? Following the same line of research, I now submit, with illustrative quotations, a word or two about but; premising, as in my former let- ter, that " F. H." has identified himself in the public press as the author of " Modern English." Dr. Hall, or "F. H.," commenting adversely on Lan- dor's praise of Gray's English, says: "But is Gray's English, from the ordinary point of view, altogether faultless? Look at ... his preterites begun, run, and throw*d; and his past participles broke, chose, and wrote. Add his ... 'none but they'; 'nobody but I'; 'I have seen nothing, neither'; 'nor drink out of nothing but'; 'every- body . . . them.' In his Progress of Poesy, furthermore, he . violates all idiom by," etc. (" Modern English," pp. 103-4, footnote.) A careful reading of Dr. Hall's note can leave no doubt, I think, in the mind of anybody that the words and phrases quoted in it were regarded by Dr. Hall as bad English. And no doubt most of them must be so regarded now. But are they all bad? Pausing first to remark that Gray wrote the English of his time, the grammar of which was very unsettled, I venture to say that "none but they " and " nobody but /" are very good English, •— as good English as there is. Of course I don't mean that the prepositional use of but with the objective case is bad English. "... although no man was in our parts spoken of but he for his manhood . . ." (Sir Philip Sidney, " Arcadia," Col- lected Writings, edition of 1508, p. 38.) "There is none but he. Whose being I doe feare." ("Macbeth," III., i., First Folio, reduced fac-simile.) "Not out of confidence that none but wee Are able to present this Tragedie." (Chapman," Bussy D'Ambois," Prologue.) "... yet who would keep him company but I?" (Id.) "An hnmerons dayes mirth." (Tragedies and Comedies, London, 1873.) "Then came brave Glorie puffing by In silks that whistled, who but he?" (George Herbert, "The Temple" [The Quip], first ed., fac-simile reprint, p. 103.) "... and none but they can carry Arms . . ." (James Howell, " Familiar Letters," Sect. I., xxxx., ed. of 1646, p. 80.) "The most obvious answer, then, to the question, why we yield to the authority of the Church in the questions and de- velopments of faith, is, that some authority there must be if there is a revelation, and other authority there is none but she." (Cardinal Newman, "An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine," London, 1846, pp. 126-7.) "Under such circumstances, any men but they would have had a strong leaning towards what is called ' Conservatism.'" (/