f
its trustees. One of these subjects is that of
English literature, in the largest sense; and
we wish to offer, as our contribution to the
discussion, the suggestion that this be made
the main subject of the Crerar collection. The
reasons for this suggestion, if reasons be needed,
must be left for future discussion.


326
[Dec. 1,
THE
DIAL
COMMUNICA HONS.
MR. BURROUGHS ON "MERE LITERATURE."
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
May I add a word to what Mr. John Burroughs so
finely and nobly gays on "Mere Literature," in your
issue of Nov. 1?
A reviewer in "The Nation" some time ago used
this language:
"To tell the truth, Carlyle was not, properly Breaking, a
literary man. He felt that he had a moral message to deliver
to the world, and for the purpose of delivering it he invented
an extraordinary literary vehicle, which he used with great
effect. Bnt his interests were all ethical."
The contrast here between ethical interests and literary
interests is tolerably plain. A man with a message, like
Carlyle, may speak in perfect literary form (I do not
say that Carlyle did), but this form is never an end in
itself to him. He does not write to please, to delight,
but to stir and inspire. The "literary " man, on the
other hand, delights in perfection of literary form for
its own sake, and satisfies that delight in others. The
difference is not in the subject-matter, the content of
what is said, but in the point of view. Docs not Mr.
Henry James seem to be an instance of the man whose
interests are mainly literary, who if he produces a work
of art is satisfied, and who would find it almost vulgar
to have any purpose beyond this?
And yet that perfection of literary form need not
hinder one from rising out of the rank of " men of let-
ters " altogether, seems to be proved by the case of the
late Dr. Newman. Where shall we find more finish—
even in his " Parochial and Plain Sermons "—and yet
where more power? Who more entirely wrote to con-
vince, to move, to persuade? It was he who in his " Let-
ter to the Duke of Norfolk on Occasion of Mr. Glad-
stone's Recent Expostulation" (1875), after a great and
almost classical passage on Conscience, used this lan-
guage:
"Noble buildings have been reared as fortresses against
that spiritual, invisible influence which is too subtle for science
and too profound for literature."
William M. Salter.
1415 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Nov. 9, 1894.
THE SOCIAL DISTRIBUTION OF CRUELTY.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
I was a little amused at the tone of a recent book-
notice in The Dial (Oct. 1, p. 200), headed " Poultry-
killing as a Fine Art," in which the character of the
British sportsman came in for a sharp scoring. With
your writer's humanitarian views I heartily agree; but
to his unfair and thoroughly American intimation that
the barbarities of British "sport" are confined to the
gentry, as contradistinguished from the mob (or per-
haps one should say nowadays the proletariat), I beg
leave to demur. If aristocratic Hurlingham has its
pigeon-matches, vulgar Whitechapel has its rat-pits;
and the British tradesman, for all his supposed monop-
oly of the national virtues, is certainly quite as prone as
his social betters to regard a fine day mainly as the pro-
verbial invitation to "go and kill something." As a
matter of fact the passion for amateur butchery is shared
in, in England, by all classes alike (not forgetting the
clergy, a distinguished member of whose sporting wing
is now lecturing in America) from the peer to the cos-
termonger; and our cis-Atlantic habit of mentally as-
sociating the vices with "the classes " and the virtues
with " the masses " should not blind us to the truth that
it is largely to " the classes " that the growing human-
itarian movement is due. One of its foremost cham-
pions, for instance, is Lady Florence Dixie; and I may
say that a letter from her ladyship to the " Pall Mall
Gazette " on the subject of pheasant-driving quite bears
out your reviewer's estimate of that singularly brutal
pastime, in which tens of thousands of tame hand-reared
birds are butchered yearly in the name of " sport." But
is sport-loving England, after all, the only fruitful field
for the humanitarian propaganda? There is perhaps
more than a grain of ugly truth in " Ouida's " charge that
"If in a mob of Londoners, Parisians, New Yorkers,
Berliners, Melbourners, a dove fluttered down to seek
a refuge, a hundred dirty hands would be stretched out
to seize it, and wring its neck; and if anyone tried to
save and cherish it, he would be rudely 'bonneted ' and
mocked and hustled amidst the brutal guffaws of roughs,
lower and more hideous in aspect and in nature than
any animal which lives." Truly, they order these mat-
ters better in the Orient, where religion has thrown its
shield over the dumb creatures, and where the hard-
and-fast Scriptural distinction between man and beast
is unknown. A. W. G.
Toronto, Canada, Nov. 27, 1894.
[The reviewer disclaims any thought of imputing
the "barbarities of British ' sport' " to "the classes"
exclusively. The form of "sport" singled out for
condemnation was the " drive," as practised on the
grouse moors of the great landed estates. This
pastime, like many others, is surely well out of reach
of proletarian pockets.— Edr. Dial.]
WHAT DO WE MEAN BY "LITERATURE"?
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
After reading the many valuable articles published
in The Dial on English in the several Universities
represented, and looking in vain for someone to tell us
just what he means when he speaks of "literature," I
am led to wonder whether any well-defined idea exists
as to what impression each produces upon the other
when the word " literature " is used. We have had one
unbroken succession of wise and willing critics, from
Aristotle to men now living, who have told us what lit-
erature ought to be, and where it falls short in certain
cases. The line of march of literary criticism is strewn
with the bleaching skulls of innumerable law-givers and
dogmatists, but the Darwin and the Spencer of litera-
ture are yet invisibly distant in the future. For me to
say what literature is, or how it should be studied,
places me upon the same dangerous ground upon which
wiser ones have stood and have fallen, and would make
me no less dogmatic than those I question.
If I were required to offer a starting-point in the
study of literature, it would be a proposition so simple
that I believe no one could take exceptions; and while
I should not offer it as a panacea for all the ills that
literary study is heir to, I am constrained to believe
that it is founded upon safe principles of studentship
and may be helpful as a suggestion. My proposition is
this: The literature of any selection is permanent. What-
ever of literature is in Chaucer's Knight's Tale now was
in it the day it was written, neither more nor less, and
there is no literary question in it for me that was not
there for the author's contemporaries. The literature


1894.]
327
THE DIAL
of Browning and Whitman will be in the twenty-ninth
century what it is in the nineteenth. True, no doubt,
future generations must study our ethics, religion, so-
ciology, and language, in order to understand our art
impulses and tendencies; but it is to be hoped they will
not misname these preparatory studies "literature," as
their ancestors did.
If the proposition set forth is of any value, there is
one thought to be emphasized. If I am studying the
literature of Sidney to-day, I must deal with the same
material which his contemporaries dealt with. If his
language was to them a problem, it is so to me; if not
to them, it can be only a preparatory study for me—only
a clearing-away process. The religion and sociology of
Piers Plowman is for me a study, but only prepara-
tory, for these facts were generally known to his con-
temporaries. And on the other hand, if sentence struct-
ure, figures of speech, mythological references, verse,
stanza, and rhyme are art devices now they were cer-
tainly art devices when used by an early author, and are
therefore appropriate for consideration; yet they are
only devices.
To the student of literature, looking from the proposi-
tion announced, there is one test for each question that
he shall consider: Did this question exercise the thought,
feeling, or will of the artist? If not, why should it ex-
ercise me as a student of the thought, feeling, and will
of the artist? \y. E. Henry.
The Univertity of Chicago, Nov. S, 1894.
Efje Nefo Books.
The IjIfe and IjEtters of "Whittier.*
Mr. Pickard's " Life and Letters of John
Greenleaf Whittier" meets at all points the
pleasant anticipations we had formed of it, and
the author is to be credited with perhaps the
best and most satisfying piece of literary biog-
raphy since Mr. Cabot's "Emerson." It is a
definitive work which all lovers of the laureate
of rural New England and the anti-slavery cru-
sade will receive with gratitude, and one which
no American who loves his country and feels
a proper pride in the movement which finally
erased from the scutcheon its one damning blot
should leave unread. Mr. Pickard began his
work with the double advantage of an engaging
theme and an abundance of correct data. Pos-
sibly Mr. Whittier felt the force of Brougham's
remark that death has an added sting for emi-
nence, in the form of lying biography ; for we
find that ten years before his death he took the
precaution to begin arrangements for the pres-
ent Life, authorizing the collection of material
for it, freely aiding the author with general sug-
gestions, and giving information that led to
•Life and Letters of John Gheekleaf Whittier.
By Samuel T. Pickard. In two volumes, with seven etchings.
Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
a large collection of letters illustrating every
period of his life. The work thus not only
bears the hall-mark of his express sanction, but
it is to some extent the result of his personal
cooperation and supervision. Every phase of
Mr. Whittier's career is fairly and satisfac-
torily shown — his boyhood on the ancestral
farm, his scanty school-days, his earlier literary
and journalistic ventures, his editorial experi-
ences at Boston, Haverhill, and Hartford, his
excursions into the field of practical politics
(he barely escaped Congress in 1832 by being
under the Congressional age), his anti-slavery
apostolate, and the more familiar phases of his
later life.
But little has been known hitherto of the
first thirty years of Mr. Whittier's career — a
period during which his ambition was clearly
political rather than literary, although he was
at the same time winning some credit as a poet
by verses which the riper judgment of his later
years suppressed. It was not, indeed, until he
was about twenty-seven years of age that he
found his true poetical utterance. Up to that
time the hundreds of poems he had written
were mere metrical and rhetorical exercises,
jejune enough mostly, and sadly unsuggestive
of "those brave translunary things " that are
born of inspiration and elude effort. But after
1833, a date marking a spiritual crisis with Mr.
Whittier, a sudden and magic change came
over the quality of his verse. It was with his
resolve to champion the cause of the slave that
the long-courted afflatus came; and he passed
at once from poetaster to poet. Says Mr.
Pickard:
"His pen was kept busy in advocating the cause he
had espoused, and the poems known as the 'Voices of
Freedom' came rapidly one after another, — hammer
strokes against flinty prejudice. Sparks followed each
blow. Those who are old enough remember how these
spirited verses stirred and warmed the young hearts of
the North, and prepared the soil from which sprang the
great political party which took from him the watch-
word, ' Justice the highest expediency.'"
Whatever may be Mr. Whittier's title to
purely literary fame, it is his true distinction
to have been the Tyrtasus of the only war in
history spontaneously waged by a great people
to vindicate a moral principle.
The story of Mr. Whittier's boyhood and
early youth is interesting in itself and in its
bearing upon his after life. It tells of a pretty
constant struggle with the stony acres of the
New England farm, and with the difficulties of
getting an education; yet it is lighted with
many a bit of quaint humor, the source of which


328
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
is unmistakable. The Whittiers held a leading
social position in the East Parish, and their
religious views, though shared in by none of
their neighbors, were respected. Religion was
a matter of daily theme and practice in the
Quaker household.
"A portion of the afternoon was generally spent by
the assembled family in reading the Scriptures. . . .
To this faithful teaching in the home may be attributed
in large measure Whittier's familiarity with Holy Writ
and the frequent quotations therefrom in his writings.
As Stedman has truly said, < The Bible is rarely absent
from his verse, and its spirit never.'"
Quaker meetings were sometimes held in the
great farm-kitchen of the Haverhill homestead;
and Mr. Whittier used to tell with great glee
how on one such occasion a favorite ox, known
to the family as " Old Butler," thrust his head
in at the window, and benignly yet critically
surveyed the assemblage.
"While a sweet-voiced woman was speaking, 'Old
Butler' paid strict attention, but when she sat down and
there arose a loud-voiced brother, he withdrew his head
from the window, lifted his tail in air, and went off bel-
lowing. This bovine criticism was greatly enjoyed by
the younger members of the meeting."
There was another comical incident of his
boyhood that Mr. Whittier was fond of tell-
ing. When he was nine years old President
Monroe visited Haverhill, and it happened that
on the same day there was a rival attraction in
the shape of a menagerie. Both spectacles, it
seems, savored of vanity to the elder Whittiers;
and the Quaker boy was forbidden to see either
the wild beasts or the nation's Chief Magis-
trate.
"He did not care much for the former, but he was
anxious to see a President of the United States. The
next day he trudged all the way to Haverhill, deter-
mined to see at least some footsteps in the street that
the great man had left behind him. He found at last
an impression of the elephant's foot in the road, and
supposing this to be Monroe's track, he followed it as
far as he could distinguish it. Then he went home, sat-
isfied that he had seen the footsteps of the greatest man
in the country."
An altogether stupendous event to the farm-
bred boy was his first trip to Boston. He wore,
as he used to relate, on this great occasion his first
"boughten buttons," and a special broad-brim
that would have credited George Fox, "made
for him by Aunt Mercy out of pasteboard, cov-
ered with drab velvet" ; and he was rather sur-
prised to find that his gala attire failed to im-
press those who passed him ou the street. A
notable incident of this visit was his purchase
of a copy of Shakespeare. That temptation he
could not resist — as he did one scarcely less
alluring.
"He had been strictly cautioned by his mother to
avoid the theatre, and when he bjarned that a brilliant
lady he met at the table of his hostess, who had been
very kind in her attentions to the quaint, shy boy, and
who had quite won his heart by her simplicity and grace,
was an actress, it was a great shock to him; but he had
the courage to refuse her invitation to the play-bouse,
and cut short his visit to the city to avoid the terrible
temptation to which he was subjected. He had gone
quite too far in buying Shakespeare's plays, and fled
homeward lest he should bring disgrace upon his Qua-
kerism."
It may be inferred from this story that the
Whittier library was a slender one. There were
about thirty volumes in all—journals and reli-
gious disquisitions of the pioneers of Quaker-
ism, most of them, and rather juiceless aliment
for an imaginative lad in his teens. Yet he
devoured them all, and knew them nearly by
heart. He used to say in later life that he read
the journals of Friends so much that he had
steeped his mind with their thoughts. "He
loved their authors because they were so saintly,
and yet so humbly unconscious of it."
For some time, as it seems, these meagre, if
pious, productions filled young Whittier's ideal
and rounded his literary horizon. But sud-
denly a richer world, a world of matchless song
and unpremeditated art, of pathos the tender-
est, tears the saddest, and laughter the mer-
riest, opened as if by magic before him. The
Merlin who (all unconsciously) wrought the
wonder was the district teacher, who, accus-
tomed to read aloud to the Whittiers as they
sat round the evening fire, brought with him
one memorable night a copy of Burns. From
this copious fount he read many pages, explain-
ing the Scottish dialect as he proceeded; and
young John Greenleaf listened spellbound to
the end.
11A fire was that evening kindled upon an altar that
grew not cold for seventy years. The reader had only
thought of his older listeners as he read and explained.
. . . He recalled the lad to his ordinary senses by offer-
ing to leave the book with him, if he was interested in
it. The offer was, of course, gladly accepted. What
this little volume thus loaned to him was to young Whit-
tier, has since been told in one of the finest tributes to
Burns that has yet been written."
Thus inspired, the boy soon began to try his
own wings; but it must be owned his early
numbers were perhaps the feeblest poetic flut-
terings that ever heralded the upward flight of
bard. There is a tradition that his first rhymes
were written upon the beam of his mother's
loom—and the story is not without its symbol-
ism; for there is nearly always a certain sug-
gestion of homespun in Whittier's verse. One
of his first effusions, happily rescued from ob-


1894.]
329
THE DIAL
livion by the memory of an older sister, ran
thus:
"And must I always swing: the flail,
And help to fill the milking-pail?
I wish to go away to school;
I do not wish to be a fool."
A production even more unpromising than
the above was an attempt at a rhymed catalogue
of his father's library—a theme, however, that
must have heavily handicapped a stronger
Muse. Here are four of the verses:
"William Penn'B laborious writing'.
And a book 'gainst Christians righting.
"A book concerning John's Baptism,
Elias Smith's Universalism.
"How Rollins to obtain the cash,
Wrote a dnll history of trash.
"And Tufts, too, though I will be civil,
Worse than an incarnate devil."
It is pretty hard to reconcile these harrow-
ing pieces with the boy's honest admiration for
and study of the memorable volume of Burns;
but Mr. Whittier's talent, as we have shown,
was late in flowering.
Touching the rhymed wish, quoted above,
"to go away to school," it is interesting to
note that its fulfilment was brought about partly
through the intercession of Whittier's future co-
laborer, William Lloyd Garrison, then (1826)
editor of the weekly "Free Press," in New-
buryport. Whittier had contributed a poem
(probably a vast improvement upon the above
productions), entitled "The Deity," to this
journal; and Garrison thought so well of it
that he not only drove out fourteen miles to
see his new contributor, but introduced his
poem editorially as follows:
"The author of the following graphic sketch, which
would do credit to riper years, is a youth of only six-
teen, who we think bids fair to be another Bernard Bar-
ton, of whose persuasion he is. His poetry bears the
stamp of true genius, which, if carefully cultivated, will
rank him among the poets of his country."
It would seem from this that Garrison, the
destined hero of the anti-slavery agitation, was
the first to point out the poetic promise of its
future bard.
Mr. Pickard's second volume is largely made
up of Mr. Whittier's letters; and these singu-
larly frank and unstudied missives enable us
better than volumes of labored analysis to see
and understand the writer. The letters to
Holmes, Emerson, Lowell, Channing, Sumner,
Bayard Taylor, and others, offer a rich field
for quotation, but we must limit ourselves to
the following, addressed to Dr. Holmes, Dec.
17, 1879:
"Thy note received the evening before my birthday
made me very happy. Among the many kind greetings
which reach me on this anniversary, thine has been most
welcome, for a word of praise from thee is prized more
highly than all, though I do not undervalue any one's
love or friendship. I have often since I met thee in
Boston thought of thy remark that we four singers seem
to be isolated—set apart as it were—in lonely compan-
ionship, garlanded as if for sacrifice, the world about
us waiting to see who first shall falter in his song, who
first shall pass out of the sunshine into the great shadow!
There is something pathetic in it all. I feel like clasp-
ing closer the hands of my companions. I realize more
and more that fame and notoriety can avail little iu our
situation; that love is the one essential thing, always
welcome, outliving time and change, and going with us
into the unguessed possibilities of death. There is noth-
ing so sweet in the old Bible as the declaration that
'God is Love.' I am no Calvinist, but I feel in looking
over my life—double-motived and full of failures—that
I cannot rely upon word or work of mine to offset sins
and shortcomings, but upon Love alone.
"Dear H., we began together in Buckingham's1 Mag-
azine,' and together we are keeping step in the 'At-
lantic' Not evenly, indeed, for thy step is lighter and
freer than mine. How many who began with us have
fallen by the way! The cypress shadows lie dark about
us, but I think thee contrive to keep in the low wester-
ing sunshine more than I can."
Mr. Pickard's book is likely to meet the wide
appreciation it deserves; for Whittier is of all
our considerable poets the one nearest the pop-
ular heart and understanding. He is the most
essentially and uniformly native of all; and in
his works if anywhere is found that "flavor of
the soil" that we read so much about nowa-
days — and meet sojlittle of. He is the true
Theocritus of " stern New England's hills and
vales"; and the voice of her streams, the song
of her birds, and the scent of her flowers is in
his verse. This distinctive home-keeping qual-
ity has found touching recognition. When the
"low westering sun" had vanished, and the
"cypress shadows " were merged in final dark-
ness, it was in a grave lined with the native
fern and golden-rod that Whittier was laid to
rest. The thought thus beautifully symbolized
finds expression in a verse from Dr. Holmes's
tribute to his friend:
"The wild flowers springing from thy native sod.
Lent all their charms thy new-world song to fill,—
Gave thee the mayflower and the golden-rod
To match the daisy and the daffodil."
E. G. J.
The second volume of Mrs. Garnett's new translation
of Tourgue'nieff gives us "A House of Gentlefolk,"
which title, we need hardly say, corresponds to the more
familiar " Lisa" and " A Nest of Noblemen." "Step-
niak," who contributes an introduction, outlines the his-
torical and social significance of this immortal work,
and hints once or twice at an esoteric sense in which it
should be taken to be fully understood. The transla-
tion, which we understand to be made directly from the
Russian, is excellent.


330
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
The Antiquity of Evolution.*
Professor Henry Fairfield Osborn has ren-
dered an important service by the preparation
of a concise history of the growth of the idea
of Evolution. The chief contributions of the
different thinkers from Thales to Darwin are
brought into clear perspective, and a just esti-
mate of the methods and results of each one is
reached. The work is extremely well done,
and it has an added value of great importance
in the fact that the author is a trained biolo-
gist. Dr. Osborn is himself one of the author-
ities in the science of Evolution, to which he
has made important contributions. He is there-
fore in a position to estimate the value of sci-
entific theories more justly than would be pos-
sible to one who approached the subject from
the standpoint of metaphysics or that of litera-
ture.
Dr. Osborn has endeavored to make clear the
fact of the continuity of thought in Evolution:
"Evolution has reached its present fulness by slow
additions during twenty-four centuries. When the
truths and absurdities of Greek mediteval and sixteenth
to nineteenth century speculation and observation are
brought together, it becomes clear that they form a con-
tinuous whole, that the influences of early upon later
thought are greater than has been believed, that Darwin
owes more even to the Greeks than we have ever rec-
ognized. . . . The Evolution law was reached, not by
any decided leap, but by the progressive development
of every subordinate idea connected with it until it was
recognized as a whole by Lamarck and later by Darwin."
The study of the work of these various
thinkers as contained in this book suggests to
us, however, that the year 1858, before which
"speculation far outran fact," does mark a
very decided "leap" in the history of Evolu-
tion as a science. The "leap" was not that
of a change in thought or in theory, but in
method of work. The pre-Darwinian writers,
for the most part, had been engaged with the
theory of Evolution and with its factors as
determined by the methods of philosophy. The
facts of nature served them as illustrations of
their theories, not as the basis from which their
theories must of necessity arise. Darwin de-
termined to "collect blindly every sort of fact
which could bear in any way" on what are
species. On the collection of such facts, in
this spirit, by the great biologist of our century
and by his successors, the fabric of Evolution
as we know it to-day must rest. The process
•From the Greeks to Darwin. An Outline of the De-
velopment of the Evolution Idea. By Henry Fairfield Osborn,
D.Sc. Columbia University Biological Series, I. New York:
Macmillan & Co.
of philosophical deduction has contributed little
to its progress. Given the facts as we know
them now, or even as given us by Darwin alone,
and our chief conclusions could be reached by
an automatic logic machine, if such a contriv-
ance could be devised. The main inductions
are plain, and the unsolved problems still re-
maining can be solved only by a return to the
same methods.
It is certainly true, I think, that all the known
factors in organic Evolution were known to the
ancients, and the reality of each individual one
of them has been insisted upon by many differ-
ent writers before Darwin. Their relative im-
portance and their interrelations were less fre-
quently recognized. It is true, also, that the
fact of derivation itself has never been wholly
absent from philosophic thought. But the fol-
lowing considerations seem to mark a break
in continuity as a result of Darwin's method:
(1) The doctrine of Special Creation was never
so strongly intrenched, either in the popular
mind or in scientific literature, as in 1858, in
spite of the onslaughts of all the earlier evolu-
tionists. The minor errors of fact in the illus-
trations chosen by Lamarck and his successors
counted for more than the truth in their phil-
osophic speculations. The errors were tangi-
ble, the truths were not. In the aggregate no
progress had been made toward the reception
of these truths. But the doctrine of Special
Creation crumbled with the advent of the Ori-
gin of Species. This was not due to the weight
of Darwin's authority, nor to the boldness of
his speculations. It was due to the soundness
of his method. He appears as the interpreter
of nature; and the naturalists who followed
him became " Darwinians" because their own
studies led them to the same results. No other
conclusions were possible to them. At the same
time, no one could forecast the conclusions of
one who should follow the " method " of Eras-
mus Darwin, or of Buffon, or of Lamarck,
or of any other writer whose study of details
served to illustrate a philosophical conception.
(2) Had Darwin's studies resulted otherwise,
had his collection of facts led us to wholly dif-
ferent conclusions, whatever these were, we
should still be able to show the continuity of
speculation. In any case, Darwin's indebted-
ness to his predecessors would be exactly what
it is now.
In other words, there is probably no philo-
sophical conception of the operations of life,
whether true or false, that has not been held
by someone. Every conceivable theory has been


1894.]
331
THE
DIAL
thought out. It is the business of science to
test these theories by the slow but certain
method of induction,—to collect, "more or less
blindly, every sort of fact," and to follow whith-
ersoever these facts lead.
David Starr Jordan.
The Problem of the Unemployed.*
Mr. Geoffrey Drage, the able secretary of the
recent Royal Commission on Labor in England,
has written a suggestive book upon the unem-
ployed. His facts are those secured by the
Royal Commission largely through his own
efforts, and by the Board of Trade of England.
The book is the best summary of what had been
done in Europe to help the unemployed prior
to the summer of 1893. The results of the
very interesting municipal experiments to re-
lieve the unemployed by work in the winter of
1893-4 were not published in time for Mr.
Drage's use. The writer well divides the prob-
lem into the removal of the causes of the un-
employed and into relief for the unemployed
who are present with us. In the matter of pre-
vention, he suggests moral, intellectual, and
technical education, better sanitation, factory
legislation, the building, by municipalities and
private benevolence, of model tenement homes,
and some check, if possible, upon the rush of
country people to displace the workers in the
city. These remedies would deal with the pre-
vention of a permanent surplus, he thinks, pro-
viding the contaminating influence of the exist-
ing stock of unemployed could be eliminated
by the relief measures which are further re-
ferred to.
As for the temporarily unemployed, our au-
thor holds that much of this evil is inevitably
caused by the dependence of industry upon the
supply of materials from abroad; by the state
of the weather; by the uncertainty of foreign in-
vestments, and lack of confidence in them. He
suggests that certain of these causes are remov-
able,—for example, (1) capricious changes of
fashion, for which the public must realize they
are responsible; (2) fluctuations in demand,
due to changes in seasons,—a matter for which
employers and the public must realize their re-
sponsibility, and give their orders more in ad-
vance; (3) excessive and immoral speculation,
leading to loss of commercial confidence, — a
matter in which he again invokes public opin-
* The Unemployed. By Geoffrey Drage. New York:
Macmillan & Co.
ion, holding employers to moral responsibility,
but also urges a revision of the laws relative to
trade speculation, adulteration, and fraudulent
bankruptcy; (4) inability to forecast fluctua-
tions of trade,—a partial remedy for which is
reliable government trade statistics; (5) trade
disputes, demoralizing industry,— his remedy
being more of conciliation and arbitration; (6)
immobility of labor, — his remedy being the
development of trade-union and voluntary em-
ployment bureaus, nationally and locally con-
ducted without an eye for profit. But the
remedy urged by the socialist for disorganized
labor, he dismisses as not immediately prac-
ticable.
As regards the relief measures for the pres-
ent unemployed, our author thinks we must
divide the problem into relief for the perma-
nently and for the temporarily unemployed.
For the former, he suggests a rigid execution
of the English poor-law and the use of chari-
table and religious agencies. Labor colonies,
he thinks, have been shown in Germany to be
of little value for the mass of workers, but they
are most useful for discovering those who are
reclaimable among the permanently and chron-
ically unemployed. Mr. Drage would have the
labor colony located in country districts to
which the permanently unemployed might be
sent. If, after awhile, they do not earn their
maintenance, they should be handed over to
the harsher treatment of other agencies. It is
in the treatment of the temporarily unemployed
that Mr. Drage has written most at length.
He believes in voluntary relief works, main-
tained locally, but national in application, and
conducted in harmony with a central voluntary
office or bureau, to prevent a rush of the un-
employed to the districts where relief work is
given. Employment bureaus should be both
local and central, and voluntary, not state. The
men given work should earn the wages paid,
but should work but half time, in order to have
time on their hands to seek permanent situa-
tions, and in order to prevent sufficient earn-
ings to draw a man from regular industry. In
case the unemployed are concentrated in a few
places and there is work in other places, they
are to be forced to remove to where the central
employment bureau showed that there was
work, on penalty, Mr. Drage probably means,
of losing all relief. Only in times of excep-
tional distress does Mr. Drage believe in local
public relief works, because he greatly fears
that such relief will foster the idea that the
State ought to find work for its citizens, and


332
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
because public authorities cannot so easily in-
vestigate the character of applicants as can pri-
vate agencies for their relief. Despite these
weaknesses of public relief work, it seems sure
to grow, and to be necessary where private re-
lief work proves insufficient. Amid growing
democracy and socialistic feeling among the
masses, private charitable agencies cannot con-
trol the field unless they seek the cooperation
on their committees of labor leaders. Even
then, public relief work will make much pro-
gress.
In considering Mr. Drage's suggestions, we
must judge them with reference to what is im-
mediately practicable, since the suggestion of
such remedies is all he means to give. Looked
at in that light, his book has great suggestive-
ness and value; though as a keen study of the
permanent causes of the unemployed, it is not
equal, by any means, to certain chapters in
Hobson's "Evolution of Modern Capitalism,"
and some other economic discussions. This
book of Mr. Drage should be read in connec-
tion with the clear and concise article in the
July " Annals of the American Academy" on
"Charity and the Unemployed," by J. G.
Brooks. E. W. Bemis.
A Cextury of Stories.*
How important a part the short story plays in
the fiction of to-day is evidenced not only by the
popular magazines, which seem to give an increas-
ing preference to the short story over the serial, but
• Rofnd the Red Lamp. Being Facts and Fancies of
Medical Life. By A. Conan Doyle. New York: D. Apple-
ton & Co.
Eld eh Conk lis, and Other Stories. By Frank Harris.
New Tork: Macmillan & Co.
The Bell-Ringer of Angel's, and Other Stories. By
Bret Harte. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
The Burial of the Guns. By Thomas Nelson Page.
New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Peak and Pkairie. From a Colorado Sketch-Book. By
Anna Fuller. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
Before the Gringo Came. By Gertrude Atherton. New
York: J. Selwin Tait & Sons.
Marsena, and Other Stories of the Wartime. By Harold
Frederic. New York: Charles Scribner'B Sons.
The Chase of Saint-Cabtin, and Other Stories of the
French in the New World. By Mary Hartwell Catherwood.
Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
A Scarlet Poppy, and Other Stories. By Harriet Pres-
cott Spofford. New York: Harper & Brothers.
The Water Ghost and Others. By John Kendrick
Bangs. New York: Harper & Brothers.
Lillian Morris, and Other Stories. By Henryk Sienkie-
wicz. Translated by Jeremiah Curtin. Boston: Little, Brown,
& Co.
Tales from the ^Eoeax. By Demetrioe Bikdlas. Trans-
lated by Leonard Eckstein Opdycke. Chicago: A. C. Mc-
Clurg & Co.
also by the increasing number of volumes into
which the better of these stories are thought worthy
of collection. We fancy that the symptom is not
unrelated to the tendency which, in our newspapers,
is condensing editorials into paragraphs, and which,
in our popular entertainments, is substituting " acts"
and "features " for presentations of sustained and
coherent art. We do not object to the short story
per se, but it is possible that we have something too
much of it, even allowing for all the refinements
and the subtleties that so many writers are lending
it nowadays. The last few weeks' output of fiction,
for example, includes no less than a dozen collec-
tions — containing, in all, close upon one hundred
stories—of such merit, or signed with such names,
that they cannot pass unnoticed, besides many oth-
ers that we have not space to discuss.
One of the latest of these collections presents our
recent visitor and old friend, Dr. A. Conan Doyle,
in a new light. The title, "Round the Red Lamp,"
covers a multitude, numbering no less than fifteen,
of stories and sketches based upon, or suggested
by, the author's professional experience as a medi-
cine man. There is a great deal of " shop" in this
volume, and a zest not altogether pleasant is given
by the grewsome incidents with which the tales are
provided; but the most difficult situations are car-
ried off with the literary cleverness that makes of
the Sherlock Holmes series so much more than a
string of mere detective stories, and invests seem-
ingly unpromising material with fascination, grim
though it may be in the present instance. This
sort of thing is not, any more than the detective
series already mentioned, representative of Dr.
Doyle's real powers, and, skilful as it is, we cannot
help grudging the time thus spent by the author of
such noble historical fiction as "Micah Clarke"
and "The White Company."
Some three or four years ago, the readers of
"The Fortnightly Review " were regaled with a
peculiarly nauseating compound of piety and im-
morality in the shape of "A Modern Idyll," a story
by Mr. Frank Harris, the editor of the "Review."
It introduced to us a Baptist clergyman of Kan-
sas City, in love with the wife of one of the deacons
of his church, the affection not unrequited. Other
delineations of American society in the far West
appeared in later issues of the " Review," and the
astonishment of its readers was not permitted to
subside. Presently the " Revue des Deux Mondes,"
always on the watch for queer American things,
translated one of these stories, "Elder Conklin"
by name; and the sapient Frenchman, as he read
of the extraordinary doings of " Conklin l'Ancien,"
doubtless opened his eyes very wide, and said to
himself: "This is surely the real thing; now we
see ces Amirvcains as they actually are." There
are six of the stories in all, and they form a volume
to which " Elder Conklin " gives his name. As tran-
scripts of American life, even in Kansas and other
remote localities, they are grotesquely inadequate,


1894.] THE
DIAL 333
and their very crudity is doubtless what recom-
mends them to the foreigner unacquainted with our
civilization. Many an Englishman, we fancy, will
take them very seriously—as seriously, for example,
as he took Mr. Howe's " Story of a Country Town"
a few years ago. To us, who can make the neces-
sary allowances and supply the missing links, they
are merely amusing; but it is not to be denied that
they are that, in a marked degree.
It is instructive to compare these stories with
Mr. Bret Harte's masterly treatment of similar ma-
terial, and opportunity for the comparison is just
now afforded by the eight stories which "The Bell-
Ringer of Angel's" leads off. In place of the
baldness of Mr. Harris's superficial delineations, we
have equally dramatic incidents, interpenetrated
with humor, and set against a richly romantic back-
ground. Will Mr. Harte never exhaust his imag-
inative resources? A few years of early manhood
spent in contact with the civilizations of the West
—the new civilization of the American pioneer and
the old mellow civilization of the Spaniard — and
behold, a supply of incident available for a lifetime
of production. Besides the novels of more ambi-
tious scope, Mr. Harte must have penned something
like two hundred sketches and stories of Western
character, and there is hardly a trace of weariness
in the newest of the collections. The present vol-
ume is, however, diversified by some Scotch consu-
lar experiences, by the fascinating "Johnnyboy,"
which simply cannot be described, and by a humor-
ous reminiscence entitled "My First Book." The
book in question was an anthology of California
poets, and the humor is in the depiction of the
"woolly" journalism of the Coast.
Mr. Thomas Nelson Page, the unreconstructed,
displays his usual strength, penetration, and feeling
in " The Burial of the Guns," which, with five other
numbers, makes up his latest volume. They are
studies of character rather than stories, and breathe
the warmest devotion to the State and the Cause
already so many times celebrated by the author.
Whatever one's attitude towards the Southern Con-
federacy, he can hardly fail to be moved by the
purely human quality of these sketches, some of
which do not even touch upon the debatable ground,
and all of which are written straight from the
heart. The story of "Little Darby," in particular,
is one of those tales of unrequited humble heroism
that are irresistible in their appeal to the sympa-
thies. As for " My Cousin Fanny," with its soupqon
of irony, and its gentle humor, it is a delineation
masterly in every stroke.
The good work of observing and recording the
evanescent phases of local civilization upon this vast
American continent goes steadily on. The army
of workers is a large one, and the future student
of our shifting life will find few nooks and corners
of the land that have not had their artist. If noth-
ing more can be said of the majority of these work-
ers than that they are painstaking and truthful, it
will be enough to entitle them to the thanks of
those who come after. Miss Anna Fuller's thir-
teen transcripts from a Colorado sketch-book, col-
lectively named "Peak and Prairie," are certainly
both truthfully and carefully wrought. They reflect
the stir, the freshness, and even the crudity of the
pioneer region with which they deal. Hardly elab-
orate enough to deserve the name of stories, they
are, within their limits, singularly engaging, and
their interest, although quiet, is none the less gen-
uine.
A more romantic background than the mining
camps of Colorado can supply relieves the eleven
stories—for they are stories, this time — told by
Mrs. Atherton, of Old California in the days "Be-
fore the Gringo Came." The stories more than
verge upon the melodramatic, and their passion
seems a little too theatrical to be justified even by
the hot-blooded race of which they are told. Nor
is the language any more restrained than the senti-
ment. Those which deal with the actual arrival of
the "gringo" are the best, and we get from them
some vivid glimpses of the fascinating history of
the place and period concerned.
The four somewhat inconclusive tales or sketches
that make up "Marsena and Other Stories of the
Wartime" are by no means to be reckoned with
Mr. Frederic's best work, but they contribute an
acceptable mite to our knowledge of what men
were thinking and doing in the rural districts dur-
ing the four years of our great civil convulsion.
Most of us who were boys at that time have suffi-
ciently vivid recollections of the period to enter
with close sympathy into the feeling of these homely
episodes, typical as they are of what was going on
in thousands of other Northern hamlets. It is well
that even boyish impressions of the period should
be fixed before time has faded or effaced them, and
Mr. Frederic here, as well as elsewhere, has done
his full share of the work.
The special field of Mrs. Catherwood's labors lies
far back of the reach of recollection, but she is one
of the few writers who can really project them-
selves into the remote past, and whose sympathies
can find in the mustiest of records the palpitating
life that most of us can find only in the memory of
what we have personally known. To praise her
new volume of seven stories, headed by "The Chase
of Saint-Castin," is but to repeat what we have said
upon many earlier occasions, for the touch is still
delicate and firm, the charm unfailing. The Illi-
nois country is the field of two of these tales; the
others lie about the St. Lawrence, one of them—
"Wolfe's Cove "— casting a side light upon the
momentous scene upon the Heights of Abraham
that fixed the destinies of two nations.
In the excellent company of Mr. Henry James
and Mr. Brander Matthews, and in the tasteful
form of the series known as " Harper's American
Story Tellers," there come to us two volumes
fathered (or mothered) respectively by Mr. John


384
[Dec. 1,
THE
DIAL
Kendrick Bangs and Mrs. Harriet Prescott Spof-
ford. Mrs. Spofford's book, "A Scarlet Poppy and
Other Stories," comes as a reminder that the
younger generation is not yet to be permitted a
monopoly of story-telling, and, indeed, as an exam-
ple of work so artfully conceived that most of the
younger generation would do well to profit by its
example. These seven tales, with their shrewd and
gentle humor, their unquestionable hold upon hu-
man life, and their touches of the fantastic, make
us regret that we hear so little of late from the
Merrimac island-home of their writer. They do
new honor even to Mrs. Spofford's already honor-
able place in our literature, and may be read with
unalloyed satisfaction from the first page to the
last.
If there is a touch of fantasy in Mrs. Spofford's
volume, there is hardly anything but the fantastic
in "The Water Ghost and Others." In these
eight stories by Mr. Bangs, the freakish humor
known to readers of "Mr. Toppleton's Client" dis-
ports itself unchecked. The old ghost story took
the supernatural too seriously; the new, as exem-
plified by Mr. Stockton and the present writer,
makes it chiefly a vehicle for fun, and we may add
that the new is a great improvement upon the old.
Anything more delicious in their way than " The-
Ghost Club " and " The Spectre Cook of Bangle-
top" is not often met with. So delightful a com-
mingling of the prosaic with the weird as the story
of the "Psychical Prank," which filled a New York
street-car with astral bodies, or the tale of the too
material spoons which the ghostly King Ferdinand
presented to the too-confiding nephew of a conser-
vative uncle, deserves more than passing mention.
To imagine such things at all is a gift; to set them
forth with their present verisimilitude is an art in
its kind almost incomparable.
Mr. Jeremiah Curtin is indefatigable in trans-
lating into English the works of Henryk Sienkie-
wicz. Just now he offers us a volume of relatively
trifling worth, containing four stories or sketches.
They will not lack an audience, for the name of
their author claims attention for anything he may
have written; but they hardly suggest the genius
that conceived the great Polish trilogy of love and
war, or even the keen analyst to whom we owe
"Without Dogma." Only one of the sketches is
Polish in subject; another describes a Spanish
bull-fight; the remaining two — " Lillian Morris"
and " Sachem "—are fruits of the author's sojourn
in the regions of our own pioneer civilization. In
dealing with American themes, the author is not
quite dans son assiette, and his descriptions are not
altogether in touch with American feeling. Still,
there is a certain impressiveness, particularly in the
longest story of all, which tells of a band of forty-
niners who took the overland route to the Califor-
nian El Dorado, and endured grim hardships in
their quest. It is curious to find the Chicago of
1849 described as a "poor, obscure fishing village,
not found on maps." This is one of many trifles
which go to show that the author does not know
his subject as well as, say, seventeenth-century
Polish history.
The collection of translated stories just mentioned
may be coupled with the volume of "Tales from
the iEgean," by Demetrios Bikelas, which the Mar-
quis de Queux de St. Hilaire translated from Greek
into French, and which have been turned from
French into English by Mr. Opdycke. These facts,
and many others of interest concerning the author
of the tales, may be gleaned from the interesting
introduction written for this translation by Major
H. A. Huntington. As for the author, he is already
known to English readers by a translation of "Lou-
kis Laras," his tale of a modern Greek merchant,
who started in life as a shop-keeper, and who re-
mained a shop-keeper at heart through all the stir-
ring times of the Revolution. His literary activity
has also been marked in several other directions,
and he has a distinct claim upon our English grat-
itude as the Greek translator of six of the plays of
Shakespeare. This translation is into colloquial
Greek, and the iambic metre of fifteen syllables is
employed. As Major Huntington puts it, he has
"lent to the strongest and sweetest voice in the
English choir almost the accents of ./Eschylus."
This were a feat indeed, but doubts as to the pos-
sibility of its accomplishment need not lessen our
thankfulness to the man who has attempted it.
Certainly, the reader of the eight tales now pub-
lished will be prepared to share in any moderate
enthusiasm for their writer. "Simple in motive,
pure in sentiment, sometimes enlivened with humor,
out oftener pervaded with ideal melancholy," they
come to us as a joyful surprise, and invite compari-
son with the great masters. Particularly do they
suggest Tourguenieff, whose method and whose re-
straint they exhibit in a remarkable degree. We
should be much surprised to learn that the author
had not carefully studied, and been profoundly in-
fluenced by, the work of the great Russian. Hun-
dreds of little touches reveal the spiritual kinship of
the two men, although the deep tragic note seldom
missing in the analyst of the steppe becomes muted
in the pages of our vEgean analyst.
William Morton Payne.
Mr. Walter Besant has this to say of the workings
of our Copyright Act: "It is impossible to escape the
conclusion that the Copyright Act has given a great im-
petus to American work. While English work could be
had for nothing, the American author in every branch was
fatally overweighted. This obstacle removed, we begin
to see what we expected—the great bulk of the literature
of the States written by their own people, and only the
exceptionally useful and popular authors of this country
being published there. This proportion we may expect
to find every year greater in favor of American writers.
At the same time there will be found on both sides of
the Atlantic a great and always increasing demand for
the work of the first and best."


1894.]
335
THE DIAL
Holiday Publications.
L
Pursuant to our custom, the Holiday Publications
received for review by The Dial will be noticed
in two instalments—the earlier arrivals in the pres-
ent issue, the later ones in that of December 16.
Priority of mention does not necessarily imply pri-
ority of importance, some of the more notable of
the season's books often being late in making their
appearance. The output of the season promises to
be a fairly good one — surprisingly good, in fact,
when one considers the uninspiring commercial con-
ditions that prevailed six months or more ago, when
the works that are now appearing were being
planned. The publishers have wisely pursued a
somewhat conservative course in their holiday un-
dertakings. There is a lack of the gorgeous quarto
and folio volumes, representing enormous outlays
to the publisher and costing the purchaser from fif-
teen to fifty dollars, which have been so marked a
feature of former years; and in place of these we
have the modest but attractive reprints of standard
works, which are always unexceptionable for the
purposes of holiday gifts. A book costing more than
ten dollars—excepting works in sets — is, indeed,
something of a rarity this season. A few ambitious
and costly volumes have appeared, and there are
other less expensive works representing the best ef-
forts of our artists and publishers, and presenting
to us some old favorite or newly-found friend decked
in winning and irresistible charms. Among them
all, those tastes and wishes must be hard to suit
which do not find their due account.
Our list may be suitably headed with a sumptu-
ous four-volume edition, limited to 1000 copies and
re-edited by Mr. G. F. Russell Barker, of Horace
Walpole's " Memoirs of the Reign of George III."
(Putnam). In the material features of these beau-
tiful volumes the most captious will find little to
cavil at. With their moderate-sized yet clear type,
elegant hand-made paper, fair margins, and sub-
stantial covers of crimson buckram stamped in gold
with the Walpole arms, they present an ensemble
which the finical owner of the Strawberry Hill Press
might himself have approved of. Like almost every-
thing Walpole wrote, the Memoirs are immensely
readable. They cover a period of great political
importance; and while their life and piquancy are
patent, their serious historical value is sometimes
lost sight of. They belong to the good old-fashioned
type of history which aims to be a narrative, and
little else; and history, as M. Scherer says, " is first
of all a narrative." If Walpole is seldom deep,
he is never dull; if he is seldom weighty, he is
never pedantic. He had to a rare degree the gift
of making his dramatis personce live and act out
their parts before us. They are people of flesh and
blood — not the mere names or abstract arithmet-
ical units of more philosophical historians. Says
Mr. Leslie Stephen: "Turn over any of the proper
decorous history books, mark every passage, where
for a moment we seem to be transported to the
past — to the thunders of Chatham, the drivellings
of Newcastle, or the prosings of George Grenville,
as they sounded in contemporary ears—and it will
be safe to say that, on counting them up, a good
half will turn out to be the reflections from the
illuminating flashes of Walpole." Gossipping Hor-
ace will live long after many a more pretentious
historian has been relegated to the dust-bin; and
the present holiday edition of his best historical
work will doubtless continue for some time to be a
model one.
The term "holiday gift-book" is necessarily a
somewhat elastic one, and can by no means be lim-
ited to the elegant specialties that are designed pri-
marily for Christmas sales. Any good book is of
course a suitable gift-book, especially when embel-
lished with attractive illustrations and clad in hand-
some dress. Foremost among the season's elegant
editions of standard books is the Lippincott Co.'s
reprint of Thiers's great historical works, "History
of the Consulate and the Empire of France under
Napoleon" and "History of the French Revolu-
tion," the former in twelve volumes and the latter
in five, uniform in typography and binding, and in
illustrations from steel plates. The sets are sold
separately. Of the works themselves it is of course
not necessary to speak; they are among the most
standard of historical works, and indispensable for
the field they cover. The translations are the au-
thentic ones of Campbell and Stebbing for the
"Consulate" and of Frederick Shoberl for the "Rev-
olution." The works are printed from new type,
and purchasers of the more substantial sort of gift-
books will thank the enterprise of Messrs. Lippin-
cott for providing these really sumptuous editions.
Messrs. Macmillan & Co. issue a new and en-
larged edition of Mr. Joseph Pennell's standard
treatise on " Pen Drawing and Pen Draughtsmen,"
a study of the art as practiced to-day, with techni-
cal suggestions. There are over four hundred illus-
trations from originals by Sir F. Leighton, Messrs.
J. E. Millais, F. Burne Jones, Abbey, Holman
Hunt, A. Parsons, Aubrey Beardsley, and many
others, the value of which to the art-student can
scarcely be over-estimated. Mr. Pennell's book, at
the date of its first appearance in 1889, met with
the cordial and general approval of those best qual-
ified to judge of it; and it is safe to pronounce it
hors concours in its class. As an art-work of actual
and solid value, nothing on our list surpasses it.
Mrs. Oliphant's recent articles in "The Century
Magazine " on " The Reign of Queen Anne " have,
very fittingly, been formed into a fine gift-book —
one of the best of the season — by the Century Co.
The theme is perennially attractive, and Mrs. Oli-
phant treats it with her usual freshness and anima-
tion. The characters of the Churchills, Harley,
Godolphin, St. John, Swift, Berkeley, Defoe, Addi-
son, Steele, and other more or less brilliant satel-
lites of that comparatively rayless primary the stupid


336
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
and all too trusting Anne, are admirably drawn.
For the Queen herself —" the church's wet-nurse,
Goody Anne," as flippant Walpole styled her—Mrs.
Oliphant has some words of judicious kindness.
Anne has been roundly snubbed and laughed at by
everybody, from Macaulay down; but the fact re-
mains that she was one of the few sovereigns who
may without hyperbole be said to have been loved
in her day. She was a good wife, a good woman,
a good friend, and—what was then politically very
much to the purpose — a good Protestant. Mrs.
Oliphant's book is pleasant reading, and it makes a
goodly show outwardly, with its fine print and pa-
per, its richly tooled binding, and its thirty-three
sound wood-engravings. Among the latter are por-
traits of Anne, John Evelyn, Defoe, William III.,
the Marlboroughs, Burnett, Swift, "Stella," and
Addison.
Messrs. Houghton, MifSin & Co.'s dainty holiday
edition, with illustrations by Messrs. George Whar-
ton Edwards and F. Hopkinson Smith, of Dr.
Holmes's "The Last Leaf" appears with a melan-
choly opportuneness. In the touching letter, dated
July 12, 1894, prefixed in facsimile to the volume,
Dr. Holmes says: "I am one of the very last of the
leaves which still cling to the bough of life that
budded in the Spring of the nineteenth century";
and now this leaf too has fluttered to earth, and the
bough is indeed forsaken. Walt Whitman draws
somewhere a fine and just distinction between "lov-
ing by allowance " and " loving with a personal love";
and in the limited class of authors whom we love—
as we do Lamb and Goldsmith — with " a personal
love," and not, as it were, by convention, the cheery
Autocrat surely takes his place. The little book
forms a timely and charming souvenir of its author.
The poem is printed entire on the opening pages;
after which follow separate lines and stanzas, with
decorative designs and illustrations interspersed. A
history of the poem, written by Dr. Holmes in 1885,
is appended.
Messrs. T. Y. Crowell & Co.'s inexpensive two-
volume edition of "The Count of Monte Cristo"
brings a neat, well-printed, fairly-bound copy of
Dumas's kaleidoscopic romance within range of all
purses. There are eighteen illustrations by Mr.
Frank T. Merrill, and commendable pains have
been taken to secure a good text, ordinary English
versions of the story having been tinkered into
shape from some strange original that must itself
have been bad enough in all conscience. Omissions
have been supplied, additions expunged, solecisms
corrected, nautical terms " experted,"—and, in short,
the English "Monte Cristo" has been, to quote Sid-
ney Smith, metaphorically washed, shaved, brushed,
and forced into clean linen, by the present editors.
The publishers are to be credited with more than
one praiseworthy deed in the way of making good
editions of good books popularly accessible.
Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons' luxurious "Van
Ta8sell " edition of Irving's "Sketch Book " is gen-
erally similar in style to the "Agapida," the
"Darro," and the "Van Twiller" editions of "The
Conquest of Granada," "The Alhambra," and the
"Knickerbocker's History of New York," respect-
ively, of former seasons. To our thinking the lat-
est publication is even more attractive than its pre-
decessors. The border designs this time are dainty
festoons of leaves and berries, etc.; and there are
thirty-two illustrations by Messrs. Church, Barraud,
Rackham, Rix, and Van Deusen. The " Van Tas-
sell" edition should prove one of the marked suc-
cesses of the season.
Little need be said in characterization of form
or matter of Messrs. Harper & Brothers' superb
two volume edition of Charles Kingsley's " Hypa-
tia." The work is generally uniform with the same
firm'8 well-known editions of " Ben Hur " and "The
Cloister and the Hearth"—bindings of sea-green
silk, lightly glazed paper, dainty typography, and
a profusion of full-page and marginal drawings by
Mr. William Martin Johnson. Kingsley's master-
piece ranks with the classics of fiction; and it is,
to our taste, worthier of its present sumptuous set-
ting than either of its popular predecessors—assur-
edly than the earlier of them. As an example of
an art work resulting from the union of ripe learn-
ing and forceful imagination, "Hypatia" has few
rivals in its class in any language. Mr. Johnson's
drawings are for the most part well done, and form
a running pictorial exposition of the text at once
ornamental and instructive.
A very taking and desirable edition, in two trim
volumes, illustrated with fifty small drawings and
eight full-page photogravures by Mr. Edmund H.
Garrett, of Dickens's "A Tale of Two Cities," is
issued by Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co. Like Thack-
eray's "Esmond," this novel is, when viewed with
the body of its author's works, something of a book
apart; and the publishers have done well in select-
ing it for a special reprint. Good critics have pro-
nounced it the author's greatest novel; and, consid-
ered as a piece of pure constructive art, it probably
is so. If he nowhere in it quite touches his highest
level, there is certainly no other work of his in
which the level reached is so well sustained. In
his more characteristic books, Dickens sinks all too
often into a bizarrerie of style, and a commonness,
even a mawkishness, of sentiment, that offend his
discriminating admirers. But in "A Tale of Two
Cities " his taste seldom lapses, his inspiration sel-
dom Hags. "There is," says Forster, " no other in-
stance in his novels of a deliberate and planned
departure from the method of treatment which had
been preeminently the source of his popularity."
The present edition is handy, sightly, and, style con-
sidered, inexpensive.
The true stories of " Three Heroines of New En-
gland Romance," Priscilla Mullins, Agnes Surriage,
and Martha Hilton, are gracefully set forth by Mrs.
Harriet Prescott Spofford, Miss Alice Brown, and
Miss Louise Imogen Guiney, in a tasteful volume


1894.]
337
THE
DIAL
profusely illustrated by Mr. E. H. Garrett, and pub-
lished by Messrs. Little, Brown, & Co. Priscilla is,
of course, modest John Alden's Priscilla; Martha
Hilton (afterwards Lady Wentworth) figures in his-
tory and in Longfellow's pretty ballad; while Ag-
nes Surriage was a Marblehead lass, who, after
an unusually stormy experience of the proverbial
"course of true love," married the man of her heart,
and, as Lady Agnes Frankland, ''lived happy ever
after," as the story-books say, and as she certainly
deserved to do. The subjects have furnished am-
ple opportunity for the illustrator's best work, and
Mr. Garrett has on the whole acquitted himself
creditably.
Mr. G. S. Layard's "Tennyson and his Pre-
Raphaelite Illustrators" (Copeland & Day) is a
book about a book, or, better, about the illustrators
of a book — that is, of the Tennyson quarto pub-
lished by Moxon in 1857, and soon to be repub-
lished by Messrs. Macmillan & Co. (And we may
add, en passant, that we hope the latter firm will
note Mr. RuBkin's statement that the original wood-
cuts were in a few cases "terribly spoiled in the
cutting, and generally the best part, the expression
of feature, entirely lost." These designs should cer-
tainly be re-engraved.) In his appreciations of the
quarto of 1857, "the most intrinsically valuable,"
he thinks, of all Tennysonian volumes, Mr. Layard
devotes himself mainly to the work of the three
more prominent pre-Raphaelites—Rossetti, Millais,
and Holman Hunt, to each of whom a separate
chapter is given. There are a few interesting pages
on the origin of the P. R. ]}.; and here the au-
thor joins issue with Mr. Quilter, crediting the
movement to Holman Hunt, rather than to Ros-
setti's first master, the eccentric F. Madox Brown.
Tennyson, who was as insensible to pictorial art as
Shelley was to music, seems to have left his illus-
trators to their own devices; though in one or two
cases he raised rather captious objections— for in-
stance, to Hunt's noble, if rather dishevelled, " Lady
of Shalott." "My dear Hunt," he exclaimed, on
first seeing this plate, "I never said the young wo-
man's hair was flying all over the shop!" "No,"
calmly replied the painter, "but you never said it
was n't"—and, happily, the design stood. Mr. Lay-
ard's book is interesting and critical in tone, and the
nine illustrations (including two after water-color
drawings by Mrs. Rossetti) are well chosen and well
reproduced.
Jane Austen illustrated by Hugh Thomson forms
a combination that discerning book-buyers should
find hard to resist. Messrs. Macmillan & Co.'s new
edition of "Pride and Prejudice" offers these joint
attractions; and to round off the volume there is a
capital introduction by Mr. George Saintsbury.
Touching the friendly strife among Miss Austen's
adherents as to the relative merits of her books, Mr.
Saintsbury unhesitatingly awards the primacy to the
present work. He finds it "the most perfect, the
most characteristic, the most eminently quintessen-
tial " of them all; its hero is "by far the best and
most interesting of Miss Austen's heroes"; while
as to its heroine he concludes, after calmly weigh-
ing the competing charms of her rivals in his affec-
tions, that "to live with and to marry, I do not
know that any one of the four can come into com-
petition with Elizabeth." The volume is uniform
in make-up with the same firm's well-known editions
of "Cranford," "Our Village," etc.
In her " Schools and Masters of Sculpture" (Ap-
pleton), Miss A. G. Radcliffe essays to tell "clearly,
vividly, and accurately " the story of the progress
of plastic art from archaic times down to the pres-
ent day—a pretty difficult task in a moderate-sized
12mo volume of 560 odd pages. The author con-
fines herself closely to facts, and these have been
carefully and judiciously winnowed. Successive
schools of sculpture—the Egyptian, Assyrian, Greek,
Roman, Mediaeval, and Modern—are shown by the
flash-light of single chapters, and the personality of
the great masters is briefly set before us. Miss
Radcliffe has evidently "got up" the authorities
carefully; and her book, like its companion volume
on painting, affords a useful and accurate birdseye
view of the subject, and it should prove serviceable
as a larger guide-book to European and American
galleries and museums. There are thirty-five full-
page plates in halt-tone.
Mr. Laurence Hutton's "Portraits in Plaster"
(Harper) is a vastly interesting,attractively mount-
ed work—though not, to our thinking, one exactly
suggestive of Christmas cheer. Mr. Hutton, as the
readers of "Harper's Magazine" have been made
aware, is the happy possessor of the largest and
fullest collection of death-masks in the world; and
the present volume contains photographic repro-
ductions of seventy-two of them. The earliest casts
are those of Dante and Tasso; the latest one is
that of Edwin Booth. They range from Sir Isaac
Newton, the wisest of men, to Sambo, the lowest
type of the American negro; from Cromwell to
Clay; from Bonaparte to Grant; from Keats to
Leopardi; from Pius IX. to Tom Paine; from
Ben Caunt, the pugilist, to Dr. Chalmers, the light
of the Scotch pulpit. Marat, Robespierre, Burke,
Washington, Tom Moore, Mme. Malibran, Swift,
Brougham, Sherman, and other celebrities, stare
stonily at us from Mr. Hutton's pages-—with an
effect, as "Mr. Wegg" delicately said of the home
of his friend, "Mr. Venus," "rather ghastly, all
things considered." The nucleus of the collection
was a half-dozen plaster casts found by a boy in a
dust-bin. They came into Mr. Hutton's possession
by chance, and from that time on he has been a
collector, an amateur, of death-masks. Some would
have chosen a more cheerful line of connoisseur-
ship; but, as Yorick says, "there's no disputing
about hobby-horses." The tale of Mr. Hutton's
researches in the museums, studios, plaster-shops,
and curiosity shops of half the capitals of Europe
and America would, he tells us, fill a fair volume;


338
[Dec. 1,
THE
DIAL
and he has traced and identified his trophies with
much care. He is sure, for instance, that his is the
actual death-mask of Aaron Burr, because he has
the personal guarantee of the maker of the mould;
he is equally certain of another cast, because he
saw it made himself; while as to a third, he has no
manner of doubt, because, he frankly admits, "I
know the man who stole it." Mr. Hutton's book
is unique, and it has a decided (albeit rather grew-
some) fascination. The value of the masks as por-
traits is beyond question, and the descriptive text
is chatty and informing.
It seems a pity that so exquisitely artistic a set-
ting should be lavished on so nonsensical a produc-
tion as Mr. Edward Garnett's " An Imaged World"
(Dent & Co., London). What Mr. Garnett is really
driving at in his "Poems in Prose," as he calls
them, must, for the most part, remain a secret be-
tween himself and his Maker; but his illustrator,
Mr. William Hyde, has wrestled manfully with the
problem, and has produced some pretty, if pardon-
ably vague, drawings that partly redeem the text.
The " poems " consist largely of rhapsodic addresses
to Nature, mingled with amatory caterwaulings ad-
dressed to no one in particular, of which the follow-
ing may serve as a sample: "Flower of my heart,
would thou wert here on the hillside this dark eve
of grey and windy autumn, and the dim greyish
heavens and fleeing clouds were over our two heads.
O Girl, the sad wind is rising, O Girl, this night
that is falling will bring desolation into the heart
of the world. I would thou wert by my fireside
this night; ah, Girl-flower "—and so on for over a
hundred pages. That a man should be willing to
rush into print with this sort of thing in the age of
Spencer, and Darwin, and Huxley, and common-
sense generally, passes understanding.
A neat illustrated edition of Mr. Howells's "Their
Wedding Journey "—the inimitable account of the
bridal tour of a couple " no longer very young, but
still fresh in the light of their love," in which the
author takes occasion to "talk of some ordinary
traits of American life ... to speak a little of
well-known and easily accessible places, to present
now a bit of landscape and now a sketch of char-
acter,"— is issued by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin &
Co. The book is essentially a series of Ameri-
can travel pictures and character sketches, thrown
off with the author's usual photographic and phono-
graphic accuracy, and it is one of his crispest and
cleverest works. Mr. Clifford Carroll's drawings
are acceptable, but hardly equal the snap and verve
of the text.
A second series of Mr. Austin Dobson's " Eight-
eenth Century Vignettes," that will doubtless repeat
the success of its popular predecessor of last year,
is issued by Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co. There are
twelve papers in all: "The Journal to Stella,"
"The Topography of ' Humphry Clinker,'" "Rich-
ardson at Home," "Johnson's Library," "Rane-
lagh," etc. — themes in which Mr. Dobson is very
much at home, and which he handles with his usual
piquancy and lightness of touch. The portraits of
Swift, Dodsley, Richardson, Garrick, Smollett, Rou-
billiac, and others, are notably good, and the volume
altogether is a choice piece of book-making.
Mr. Mowbray Morris's compact edition of Bos-
well's "Life of Johnson" is issued in a neat two-
volume reprint by Messrs. Crowell & Co. The type
is new, bright, and open, the paper is good, the
thirty-four full-page portraits are well chosen and
well executed, and the price (three dollars) is low
enough, certainly, for a sound copy of one of the
richest works in any language. In annotating his
work, Mr. Morris did little more than to cull from
his editorial predecessors, and he left Boswell's
notes intact. The present American editor has
added some judicious selections from Dr. Hill's
notes, and he has wisely followed the latter's exam-
ple in restoring the original spelling of Dr. John-
son's and his friends' letters. The edition is, we
should say, decidedly the best to be had for any-
thing like the money.
Another desirable reprint of standard literature
from the press of Messrs. T. Y. Crowell & Co. is an
edition in two octavo volumes of "The Complete
Poetical Works of Sir Walter Scott." By printing
the poems in double columns, compactness has been
secured without unduly sacrificing size and clear-
ness of type; and the volumes, like other similar
publications of this firm, challenge comparison with
editions considerably more costly and pretentious.
The text is carefully edited; there is an admirable
Introduction by Professor Charles Eliot Norton,
and a Biographical Sftetch by Nathan Haskell Dole.
The frontispiece portrait of Sir Walter is one of
the best plates of the kind that we remember to
have seen.
The charm of "Paul and Virginia " is perennial,
and older readers who have experienced its delights,
and desire their younger friends to share them in
their turn, will welcome the new edition of the
French classic issued by Messrs. Apple ton & Co.
The translation includes a brief memoir of Saint-
Pierre, and the pretty but inexpensive volume is
profusely illustrated with the drawings of Leloir.
Cost considered, we know of no comelier and
handier shelf edition of Irving's ever-charming
"Sketch-Book " than the one now issued in two vol-
umes by the J. B. Lippincott Co. The volumes
throughout are models of quiet tastefulness and
Bound workmanship. They are printed from new
type, and contain the familiar wood-cuts of the
"Artists' Edition."
The desiderata of good taste and inexpensiveness
are happily blended in The Century Co.'s tiny book-
lets, "Writing to Rosina," a novelette by Mr. W.
H. Bishop, and "P'tit Matinic," a sheaf of thumb-
nail sketches by Mr. George Wharton Edwards.
Both volumes are prettily illustrated and daintily
bound in embossed sheep, and either may be slipped
into the waistcoat pocket.


1894.]
339
THE
DIAL
Books fok the Young.
L
This season's publication of books for young readers
is not only unusually large, but on the whole may be
said to be of rather unusual interest and value. Some
of our best writers, alive to the importance of this field,
are sharing in the production of books of information,
useful but by no means dry; and in a few cases juveniles
combining attractive narrative with a pure literary in-
terest are offered. Even the fiction work—with the ex-
ception, possibly, of that of Jules Verne and a few of
the more trivial books for girls,—has, it would seem, to
assume an air of seriousness in order to get itself into no-
tice. While there is good fun and plenty of it among the
season's publications for the young, such books as " The
Story of Alexander," "Czar and Sultan," and "The
Century Book for Young Americans " have a quality
that makes for usefulness in any developing mind; and
there is this year rather less than the usual amount of
that "writing down" to young readers which does so
much barm. There is, of course, no real necessity for
lowering artistic standards in order to reach the com-
prehension of children, as their uncorrupted taste is ca-
pable of enjoying the best art, provided it be simple;
and the recognition of this fact is improving the quality
of children's books. The reproduction of the great
works of the older writers, in suitable form for the chil-
dren of to-day, is much to be commended. Why should
not certain stories from Homer, following closely the
Butcher and Lang translation, be edited and illustrated
as superbly as is that narrative of old, "The Story of
Alexander"? And that tale of the middle ages, the
friendship of Amis and Amile, to whose exquisite charm
Mr. Pater calls attention, would also, edited for children,
have great literary value, to say nothing of its ennobling
power. The tenderest age is none too early to begin
setting before the child the simpler elements of literary
beauty.
The unexplored charm of new books is enhanced by
illustrations which stir the fancy and train the eye.
Those pictures which do not really illustrate detract
from rather than aid the printed page, for most children
have plenty of imagination of their own, and the great
value to them of illustration is in properly directing
their imagination and familiarizing them with good
models in art. Mr. Andrew Lang's annual "Fairy
Book" (Longmans) has not always been so well illus-
trated as it is this year by Mr. Ford, and even now a
timid child might well be alarmed at the frightful
witches who have smuggled themselves between the
covers. In his preface, which is really only a familiar
talk with his young readers, Mr. Lang pays his respects
to Mr. Laurence Gomme, President of the Folk-Lore
Society, who " does not think it very nice to publish
fairy books, and above all, red, green, and blue fairy
books." Though Mr. Lang takes the liberty of mis-
quoting Mr. R. L. Stevenson, his quiet sarcasm redeems
him. Anyone who reads his grave assurance that the
existence of fairies is a difficult question,—that Profes-
sor Huxley thinks there are none, though the Reverend
Mr. Baring-Gould saw several when he was a boy trav-
elling with the Troubadours, and that " probably a good
many stories not perfectly trne have been told about
fairies, but such stories have also been told about Napo-
leon, Julius Cwsar, and Joan of Arc, all of whom certainly
existed,"—may feel he would rather hear Mr. Lang mis-
quote than to hear other people recite volumes. "The
Enchanted Swans," the source of Reineke's cantata, is
in this " Yellow Fairy Book," and also a Chinese tale,
rescued from oblivion, from which the expression "A
little bird told me " probably took its origin. Though
the tales are gathered from many lands, and from such
accomplished writers as Andersen, Grimm, and Madame
D'Anlnoy, none are more poetic or spiritual than those
from the Red Indian, one from the Iroquois strongly
suggesting, in its pathetic ending, the story of Orpheus
and Eurydice.
A new edition of " Tales from Hans Andersen" (Lip-
pincott) is illustrated by Mr. E. A. Lemann, who has
endeavored to embellish the tales more fitly than has
been done before. This is, however, rather like paint-
ing the lily; since the chief interest remains in the tales
themselves. Though Mr. Lemann has been moderately
successful, the illustrations are on the whole common-
place.
Mr. Palmer Cox, inimitable as ever, has this year sent
"The Brownies around the World" (Century Co.).
Poor sprites I They look dreadfully ill on their demo-
cratic raft, but they learn the sage lesson that
"You can't through foreign countries roam
And have the comforts of a home."
They scale the Alps, they ride the crocodile; they mor-
alize soberly on the follies of idol-worship while toying
with the gold ear-ring of Buddha; but in the end they
reach home safely, after having made the world their
own. Adventures like these are sure to please the chil-
dren. Mr. Cox, as usual, furnishes his own capital illus-
trations.
Though Mr. Lang believes the successful invention
of new fairy stories is rare, two at least are brought out
this season. They are quite different in style, however,
one by the Countess of Jersey, entitled "Maurice, or
the Red Jar" (Macmillan), having an air of reality
which makes it fascinating. It contains the conven-
tional ingredients of fairy tales — an enchanted castle,
nixies, old dames, and the spirits of earth, water, and
fire. These are combined in so novel a manner that
one hardly regrets the absence of a princess. The cen-
tral idea — that expiation through suffering is the only
cure for disobedience — is very well worked out.
No serious purpose, only amusement pure and simple,
is the object of Mr. Tudor Jenks, whose " World's Fair
Book" was among the more interesting of last year's
publications for boys and girls. "Imaginotions " (Cen-
tury Co.) is likely to prove very popular, as it is a clever
combination of wit and fancy, fact and fable. It would
seem as though Mr. Jenks must have had a prelim-
inary view of all the fairy books of the season, for he
has burlesqued them all. "The Sequel," which is one
of the best of the stories, describes the woes of the Hero
after he marries the Princess, and tells how he lived
unhappily ever after until he succeeded in throwing off
the shackles of royalty. It is difficult to say which is
funnier, "The Sequel " or the "Kaba beu Ephraf," the
latter being a matter-of-fact individual who succeeds in
life through a free use of the simple motto, "If you
do n't see what you want, ask for it." The comical idea
of the Professor, who is convinced by the scientific rea-
soning of the Patagonian Giant that it is his duty to let
himself be eaten by that eloquent monster, is carried
out with a dash and humor which " Mark Twain " himself
has scarcely excelled. The book is worthily illustrated
by Messrs. Birch, Drake, Bensell, Dan Beard, and Oli-
ver Herford. Some of the stories have previously ap-
peared in "St. Nicholas."


340
[Dee. 1,
THE DIAL
"The Story of Alexander, Retold from the Originals
by Robert Steele, Drawn by Fred Mason and Published
by Macmillan and Co.," is the imposing title of what is
probably the most marked departure from the conven-
tional juvenile book of the present season. With pic-
tures in black and white suggestive both of Mr. Elihu
Vedder and Mr. Walter Crane, a rich and artistic bind-
ing, and unexceptionable paper and print, the traditions
that gathered round the figure of Alexander the Great
have here received a truly noble setting. The tale is
told with Homeric simplicity — a tale of conquest and
love, and of an unconquerable spirit. The bibliography
of the story is of such interest that eight pages of the
author's "Afterwords" do not suffice to tell all the
forms it has undergone. Probably many of the tradi-
tions grew up soon after the death of Alexander, and
since that time it has received additions from many
tongues in many ages. But young readers are advised
not to annoy their teachers in Greek history by putting
any of it into their examination papers — and, indeed,
such a course would be dangerous, since the book con-
tains no dates. Perhaps its purpose is best told in these
lines from the " Open Letter " which takes the place of
a preface: "If it pleases you and shows you who were
the heroes of our ancestors, and what were the stories
they delighted in, it will have reached the object of
your loving liegeman, R. S." The full-page illustra-
tions, noble in design and execution, are worthy of se-
rious study, and the head and tail pieces are rich in alle-
gorical meaning.
Mr. Frost's fortunate auditor in his " Wagner Story
Book" (Scribner) is a little girl; though these enno-
bling tales, like all folk-lore, are no less suitable for
boys. The author's style, in dealing with stories some-
what involved, is clear, and while there is a certain awk-
wardness in the use of the present tense throughout the
book, another form would require the sacrifice of the
conceit that the stories are being enacted in the burn-
ing coals,— an idea which gives life to the whole, and
is always well sustained. A delicate fancy plays about
the immortal German myths, and in the flames are seen
Wotan and the river nymphs, Parsifal and Elsa, while
the " Magic Fire Scene " glows again before the reader.
The text is so picturesque that the illustrations might
have been dispensed with, especially as their workman-
ship is often indifferent.
A curious contrast to the German myths, with their
powerful human interest, is formed by the no less at-
tractive Pueblo Indian folk stories written out for boys
and girls by Mr. Charles F. Lummis in " The Man who
Married the Moon " (Century Co.). Great friendliness
has sprung up between Mr. Lummis and this interest-
ing Indian tribe, about whom he knows and tells us
much. Tales of craft abound, though the one which
gives the book its title is full of poetry, and a keen
sense of humor is everywhere apparent. The many
predicaments of the coyote, in his domestic and social
relations with other animals, are particularly laughable;
and the stories — many of which are much older than
the Spanish invasion of North America — have also an
ethnological interest. Altogether, the book, with its
good drawings from photographs by the author, is full
of charm both for young people and their elders.
The adage " Too many cooks spoil the broth " is well
illustrated in " Bible Stories for the Young " (Harper),
where various scraps of scriptural meat are served up
for young readers. Several well-known divines have
assisted in the task, with the result that the flavor is by
no means uniform. The stories of " David and Jona-
than " and of "Mary in the Garden of Gethesemane"
perhaps suffer less in the telling than the others; but
the Rev. Mr. Park hurst has wholly destroyed the sim-
ple sweetness of the "Story of the Nativity." The
Bible story of Isaac and Rebekah, too, gains nothing
from its writer's suggestion that " Rebekah knew more
than we are told about Isaac, when she said so readily
'I will go,' and started right off."
"The Century Book for Young Americans " (Century
Co.) is issued under the auspices of the National So-
ciety of the Sons of the American Revolution. The
purpose of the book, its scope and thoroughness of treat-
ment, entitle it to a prominent position among the more
serious juvenile publications. Under the guidance of a
well-informed and kindly-disposed uncle, a party of
young people visit Washington, to study the workings
of the Government. The conversation of the tourists
introduces, without effort, the historical cause for the
creation of the different governmental departments, and
the functions of each. The book is enlivened by glimpses
of the social life of the capital, and by excursions to
Mount Vernon, Arlington, and other points of romantic
interest. The comments of the young visitors should
excite the patriotism of every youthful American. Ex-
cellent portraits of men who have distinguished them-
selves as statesmen, soldiers, and citizens, as well as
cliarming pictures of Washington itself, embellish the
work. It may be mentioned, in passing, that an un-
mistakable picture of the Woman's Temple is entitled
"One of Chicago's tall Buildings — the Masonic Tem-
ple "; an error which the author, Mr. Elbridge S. Brooks,
should not have allowed to pass into print.
Of books about foreign countries, "The Land of
Pluck" (Century Co.), in its dress of " Dutch pink," is
one of the most attractive. An idea of life in Holland,
and of the determination and patience of that brave lit-
tle country, is given with much picturesqueness, and
with that simplicity of style which contributes so greatly
to the success of its author, Mrs. Mary Mapes Dodge,
in writing for children. The text is ably supported by
the pictures, which, in addition to several by Mr. George
Wharton Edwards, number several reproductions of the
old Dutch masters, chiefly pictures of children. The se-
ries of Dutch sketches is an amplified form of an arti-
cle which appeared in "St. Nicholas " some years ago;
but the short stories that make up the second part of
the volume, though not entirely new, have never before
been published in book form. They are very sweet and
wholesome in tone, in every way suitable for children.
"Czar and Sultan" (Scribner), a large volume of
several hundred pages, is written with that fondness
for circumstantial detail and love of anecdote which so
facile a war correspondent as Mr. Archibald Forbes
would be apt to display. Though the author assumes
the modest part of the young son of a Scotch grain mer-
chant in Eastern Europe, it is plain that the book is
largely one of personal reminiscences of the Russo-
Turkish campaign. Mr. Forbes says as much in his
preface, at the same time acknowledging his indebtedness
to his colleagues, MacGahan and Mr. Frank Millett, as
well as to other sources. Of Mr. Millet he says that his let-
ters always read as if they had been written with a paint
brush. In spite of his Russian sympathies, Mr. Forbes
is not slow to recognize the brave spirit of Osman Pasha,
as well as the splendid fighting powers of his subjects.
A thrilling account of the dreadful suffering of the rem-
nants of both armies after the fall of Plevna sufficiently


1894.]
341
THE DIAL
indicates that the Russians, if less inclined to butchery
than their enemies, were yet capable of the passive cru-
elty of neglect and an indifference to human distress of
which it is difficult to conceive outside of barbarism.
Just at this time the work is of especial interest, even
beyond the circle of readers for whom it is intended,
as the recent death of the Czar greatly enhances the
value of anecdotes concerning him and Nicholas II.
Clearly, as seen through Mr. Forbes's eyes, Alexander
III. was a monarch who took very much to heart the
anxieties of the campaign, while Nicholas displayed a
moody coldness which won him no love. General Sko-
beleff denounced Nicholas with vigor. "I've a good
mind," said he to MacGahan, " to desert and join the
Turks — I am so mad with our idiots of the headquar-
ters staff. I don't speak of the Grand Duke Nicholas;
he is a mere figure-head, and has about as much notion
of conducting a campaign as I have of the differential cal-
culus." Nevertheless, in his salutation of Osman l'asha,
after the fall of Plevna, Nicholas showed that he could
be both just and gracious. The book contains a number
of illustrations, of indifferent merit, most of them from
portraits in the possession of Mr. Forbes.
The fifteenth volume of the time-honored " Boy Trav-
ellers" series (Harper) is devoted to the adventures of
the " Boy Travellers in the Levant." Colonel Knox has,
as usual, spared no pains to make this volume both in-
teresting and instructive. The pictures are not all new;
in some cases they appear to be from worn plates, and
are lacking in clearness.
After the difficulty of its peculiar jerkiness of style
is overcome, the book of travel " To Greenland and the
Pole" (Scribner) proves very interesting. It is full of
the fresh atmosphere of the northern countries, and de-
scribes faithfully the ice-fields of virgin snow and the
dangers of Polar travel. There is no straining after
effect, only a straightforward narrative, which, while it
has its lighter phases, touches also tragic cords. Its
author is Mr. Gordon Stables, M.D., R.N., whose pro-
totype for the chief hero is Nansen, while several of
the other figures are sketched from living models. Much
of the interest of the narrative centres, however, in the
two brave lads, Colin and Olaf, whose northern birth
makes them susceptible to the awful fascination of
"dead nature in her winding-sheet," and endows them,
also, with something of its austere charm. Another book
by the same author is a tale of a seafaring lad and his
love, called " As We Sweep through the Deep " (Nelson).
Mr. Kirk Monroe's story of " The Fur Seal's Tooth"
(Harper) is more conventional than that of Mr. Stables,
and at the same time more improbable. The scenes are
in and about Alaska, and the plot is loosely woven
around an Alaskan charm carved from the tooth of the
fur-seal. The cruelty of the slaying of mother-seals is
clearly impressed on the mind of the reader. Mr. J.
Macdonald Oxley's " In the Wilds of the West Coast"
(Nelson) is another story of sea and land in and about
Alaska.
Professor John Trowbridge, in " Three Boys in an
Electrical Boat" (Houghton), describes the adventures
of three boys on board an American warship, where
they make themselves useful in navigating a submarine
boat. Two of them, the real heroes, have run away
from school to embark; and their virtue is rewarded by
their finding in the Governor-General of Bermuda their
father, who had supposed them drowned in infancy.
The details of the story are very exciting, but the
plot is improbable and the moral questionable.
Nearly all the distinctively boys' books have this
year an historical foundation, by far the most inter-
esting of them being those of Mr. G. A. Henty, who
appears with three good books (Scribner), each sure to
delight the "dear lads " to whom he addresses himself.
Two of the books are historical, "Wulf the Saxon"
rather surpassing in interest " When London Burned,"
though the latter is very entertaining. But the primi-
tive simplicity of the life of the Saxons before the battle
of Hastings has a charm which the story of the Restora-
tion period lacks, and Wulf is rather more human than
Cyril Shenstone, who almost is too bright and good for
human nature's daily food. But Mr. Henty's lads are
all brave and manly. He has placed one of them "In
the Heart of the Rockies," and there, as elsewhere, dur-
ing the hardships of a winter on the frontier, courage
and integrity win love and respect. It shows the sound-
ness of boys' hearts, that they respond to the note Mr.
Henty strikes, and they freely testify that he writes the
best boys' stories published. The strongest feature is
their direct simplicity. Each phrase contributes vigor
to the whole, and the dramatic element is never over-
done. His characters are decidedly alive.
Old fires are stirred and the embers live again in the
pages of Mr. Hezekiah Butterworth's "The Patriot
Schoolmaster" (Appleton). That "Father of the Rev-
olution," Sam Adams, is its hero, and a brave boy
marches boldly by his side to the tune of "Yankee
Doodle "—the interesting history of that good old air
being completely set forth. The adventures of the
"four cannon which constituted the whole train of field
artillery possessed by the British Colonies of North
America at the commencement of the war," form the
motive of the book. Mr. Butterworth has performed a
good deed also in telling the curious history of Phillis
Wheatley, the first American colored poet, whose bust
was made for the World's Fair through the influence
of the colored women of Alleghany County, Pennsyl-
vania. A certain disconnectedness of style throughout
the book is easily forgiven, for it is fabricated of good
stuff; its heroes live and are full of interest. The illus-
trations, by Mr. R. Winthrop Peirce, are so excellent as
to make one wish they were more numerous.
A period which is conceded to have received less at-
tention than it deserves—that of the War of 1812—is
the subject of " The Search for Andrew Field " (Lee &
Shepard), in which Mr. Everett T. Tomlinson describes
the adventures of boys with smugglers at the outbreak
of the war. Another war story is contributed by "Ol-
iver Optic," who writes for the lads of to-day the first
of a series of six books to be called " The Blue and the
Gray on Land and Sea." The boys for whom he wrote
forty years ago are long since gray, but" Oliver Optic"
is still popular. The scene of his present book, " Brother
Against Brother " (Lee & Shepard) is laid in Kentucky;
and the thoroughness of the work is attested by the au-
thor's account, in the preface, of his preparatory study
of the subject. The same author completes the second
series of the " All-over-the-World Library " in the vol-
ume on "Asiatic Breezes" (Lee & Shepard).
The exterior of the biographical romance of" Olaf the
Glorious" (Scribner) is not prepossessing, but Mr. Robert
Leighton has imparted a living interest to its Viking
hero. The book might be improved by the omission of
many names, so briefly mentioned that their enumera-
tion somewhat cumbers the narrative; but the stirring
and bloody battle scenes would doubtless compensate
most boys for uninteresting details, which they would


342
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
be likely to skip anyway. The picture of the life of
the Norseman in the tenth century is at once interesting
and instructive.
'" The Sons of the Vikings" (Nelson) are the heroes of
au Orkney story by Mr. John Gunn, which describes the
daring, in modern warfare, of two brave descendants of
more primitive men. The time is that of the great na-
val war with France; and though the plot is slender, the
events are not without interest and the tone of the book
is wholesome.
A third and somewhat different book about still
younger Norsemen is Mr. H. H. fioyesen's " Noraeland
Tales," which relates the adventures, often pathetic, of
Norwegian boys in other countries and of foreign chil-
dren in Norway. They are bright and simple tales,
"The Feud of the Wildhaymen " and the " Sun's Sis-
ters" having the Norse atmosphere more clearly than
the others. The ten stories form a pleasing but not ex-
citing volume.
A truly delightful book, racy of the sea, is Mrs. Molly
Elliot Seawell's "Decatur and Somers" (Appleton). Its
style is vigorous and free, its atmosphere bracing, and
a rich humor abounds. A brave, sad life was that of
Somers, and his tender friendship for his comrade
touches the heart. With so many authors who introduce
treacherous unwholesome characters into books for boys,
it is refreshing to read a story which is full of noble
thoughts and deeds, yet loses none of its exciting inter-
est. The company of heroes such as these, and the
interest centring perpetually about the frigate " Con-
stitution," combine to make this a particularly attract-
ive book.
The writings of Miss Charlotte M. Yonge are so well
known that " The Cook and the Captive" (Whittaker)
requires no detailed description. It is a story of the
Franks in the sixth century, and of the introduction of
Christianity; and it is eminently safe and appropriate
for Sunday-school libraries.
A continuation of Mrs. Sarah K. Bolton's "Famous
Leaders among Men " (Crowell) contains sketches of
Bonaparte, Nelson, Phillips Brooks, Beecher, Spurgeon,
Bunyan, Dr. Arnold, Charles Kingsley, General Sher-
man, and Wendell Phillips. The group seems perhaps
incongruous, but the fact that each fought a good fight,
either in church or secular warfare, gives the collection
a certain uniformity.
The illustrations in Mr. Clifton Johnson's "The Farm-
er's Boy" (Appleton) are very attractive. They are
from photographs, and tell the story of farm-life with
more skill than the text itself, which is somewhat com-
monplace. Boys and girls would probably take but a
mild interest in the rambling narrative, which would
leave them with the impression that a farm is a good
place to keep away from.
The same vein of sentiment that runs through her
past work lends attraction to Miss Plympton's little
story of " Rags and Velvet Gowns " (Roberts), a taste-
fully bound book with illustrations by the author. It
lightly touches on the social problem of rich and poor,—
a little child at Christmas-time leading her father to re-
member the responsibility which his wealth entails. It
is a sad story, with a death as its climax; but out of
sadness grows sympathy for sorrow. Like Miss Plymp-
ton's story of " Dear Daughter Dorothy," however, the
more delicate touches, such as the misunderstood na-
ture of the little heroine, would be apt to escape young
readers.
Dedication and Inauguration at the
University of Illinois.
(Special Correspondence of Thb Dial. )
Thursday, November 15, was an important day in the
history of the University of Illinois. The occasion was
the inauguration of the newly-elected President, Dr.
Andrew S. Draper, and the dedication of the handsome
new Engineering Hall. Very seldom has more enthu-
siasm been manifested by either the students or friends
of the University than was then shown. It was a per-
fect November day; the buildings everywhere were
gay with orange and blue, the University colors; and
prominent men were present from all over the country.
Governor John P. Altgeld presided, and twelve college
presidents lent dignity to the occasion.
The programme was in two parts, that in the after-
noon consisting of short addresses from members of the
Faculty, of the Alumni Association, of the Board of
Trustees, and of the student body, who all welcomed
the President to his new work. These were followed
by the inaugural address of President Draper, who dis-
cussed at some length the relation of the State to the
University.
The dedication programme in the evening consisted
of introductory remarks by President Draper, a short
talk by General William Sooy-Smith, of Chicago, and
an able address on University Ideals, by Dr. Charles
Kendall Adams, President of the University of Wiscon-
sin. Dr. Adams made suggestions which Illinois might
well adopt in its relations with the State University.
Excellent music was furnished for both programmes by
the various musical organizations of the University.
The Military Battalion had charge of the movements
of the four thousand people present, and a more suc-
cessful management of the large assembly could not be
imagined.
At the close of the evening programme, the Presi-
dent and Deans of the Colleges, with their wives, held
a reception in the new Engineering Building, which was
attended by at least two thousand people, who were, for
the first time, given an opportunity to examine the inte-
rior of the new hall. The new building is probably the
largest and best equipped of any in the country used
exclusively for engineering purposes. It was designed
by an alumnus of the State University, and was built
at a cost of $160,000, the sum having been appropri-
ated by the Legislature for that purpose. The building
is 200 feet front, with wings at each end 76 feet long,
while the central part extends back 140 feet. It is four
stories in height.
The new President, Dr. Andrew Sloan Draper, is too
well known among educational people to need an intro-
duction. Coming from his recent successful career as
State Superintendent of the schools of New York, and
head of the Cleveland, Ohio, schools, he is even at this
early date beginning to show what he will do for Illi-
nois. He is a man of remarkable diplomacy and execu-
tive ability, and has quite captivated the hearts of all
connected with the University, both students and fac-
ulty. During his brief connection with the institution
he has displayed excellent judgment in adapting him-
self to his new surroundings, and the friends of the Uni-
versity feel that his coming will mark a new era in the
progress of the institution. The entire success of the
recent exercises seems to point in that direction.
T. A. Clark.
The University of Illinois, Urbana, III., Nov. 19,1894.


1894.]
343
THE
DIAL
New York Topics.
New York, November 26, 1894.
It was .1 pleasant thought to gather in one volume
the romances of the three New England heroines, Pris-
cilla, Agnes Surriage, and Martha Hilton; and Mr.
Edmund H. Garrett has faithfully and tastefully illus-
trated the little book in quite an Abbey-like vein. If
he had rested there, I should have no quarrel with him;
but he has added some notes to the volume, in which he
does a real injustice to one of the most commendable
performances in the way of preserving historic antiqui-
ties which have taken place in New England. In speak-
ing of the old Wentworth bouse at Portsmouth har-
bor, Mr. Garrett refers to its former appearance as
venerable, and to its present appearance as "spick-
span in yellow and white paint, and set back in a well-
groomed lawn," with a flout at this latter condition
of things. No doubt there was much spick-spanness
about the house when Martha Hilton lived there as
the wife of Governor Wentworth, and no doubt, too,
the " venerable " grayness of some ten years ago was
picturesque enough in its way. It is a question, how-
ever, as to how long the old house would have lasted be-
fore falling to pieces, had it not been taken in hand by
its last purchaser, Mr. J. T. Coolidge, the Boston art-
ist. Having been a witness of the restoration of the
old mansion during three or four summers, I can truth-
fully declare that never was a similar task more lov-
ingly carried out. Without doubt, the house in shape
and appearance is precisely what it was in colonial days.
To reproduce the old shutters, a few specimens of which
remained, it was necessary to forge certain carpenter's
tools now no longer in use; and this detail is given as
an example of Mr. Coolidge's fidelity to old traditions.
He bought the house for his summer home, and so he
has made it inhabitable and incidentally has put it in
order for another hundred years. As to the color of
the outside, now and formerly, Mr. Coolidge and Mr.
Garrett both being artists, it is useless to dispute about
tastes; but for my part, since so many brand-new cot-
tages by the sea are made to look "venerable " and
"weather-beaten" before their fires of chemically man-
ufactured " driftwood " are lighted for the first time, it
is something of a relief to see a last-century mansion
restored to its original splendor. This little discussion
is based on a copy of " Three Heroines of New England
Romance," published by Messrs. Little, Brown, & Co.,
which, as I have already intimated, will repay more
than a passing glance.
The Bryant centennial celebrations and memorial
meetings have now all been completed, separate affairs
having taken place at different dates in Cummington
and Great Barrington, Mass., and in Brooklyn and this
city. A volume containing an account of the memorial
exercises which took place at Cummington, the poet's
birthplace, together with the speeches and poems that
were delivered on that occasion, will soon be issued by
the committee in charge. It will be illustrated with
portraits and views, and will be sold in two bindings to
suit purchasers. Mrs. Henrietta S. Nahmer, secretary
of the memorial committee, may be addressed at Cum-
mington, Mass., in the matter of subscriptions.
Literary readings and lectures, and meetings of social-
literary clubs, are more frequent than usual this season.
Dr. Horace Howard Furness, of Philadelphia, the Shake-
spearean scholar, has just given a reading and interpre-
tation of " As You Like It" before a dramatic club of
this city. Mr. L. J. B. Lincoln's "Uncut Leaves" so-
ciety listened this week to readings from Mr. Cable,
Mrs. Wiggin, and others. This society, which meets
monthly, has now reached a membership in this city
alone of some six hundred. Mr. Paul Blouet (" Max
O'Rell") arrived a week ago for a lecture tour which
will embrace this country and Canada. He was put
down by his manager for a lecture on the very day his
steamer was due; and he was able to fulfil the engage-
ment. Mr. Blouet, who has been renewing old friend-
ships here, thinks that this tour will complete his ca-
reer as a lecturer.
Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co. have on sale a number of
interesting manuscripts of the late Dante Gabriel Ros-
setti. The same firm will follow up Ian Maclaren's suc-
cessful volume of Scottish tales, "Beside the Bonnie
Brier Bush," with a novel of Somerset life, " Love and
Quiet Life," by Walter Raymond. Both these volumes
were recommended for publication by Dr. Nicoll, who
is said to have discovered Barrie and Jane Barlow. The
differentiation of English fiction according to the sev-
eral shires goes merrily on. Somersetshire seems to
be a new field and a new dialect, at least as far as the
present year is concerned. The book in question is a
pleasant study of English rural life.
Arthur Stedman.
Literary Notes and Miscellany.
Messrs. T. Y. Crowell & Co. will soon publish a vol-
ume of poems by Mrs. Sarah Knowles Bolton.
"Factors in Organic Evolution," by President David
Starr Jordan, is just issuing from the press of Messrs.
Ginn & Co.
A new edition of Herr Bjiirnson's novels is promised
by Messrs. Macmillan & Co. We presume it to be the
same as that announced in London by Mr. William
Heineman.
Signor Hoepli, of Milan, has begun the publication
of Lionardo da Vinci's " Codice Atlantico." There are
to be thirty-four parts, and the edition will be limited
to two hundred and eighty copies.
Our statement, in the last issue, that Philip Gilbert
Hamerton died at Autun was a mistake. It seems that
his death took place at Boulogne-sur-Seine, where he
has spent much time of late years.
London has just been having a Gibbon centenary, and
the French have been talking, although to little pur-
pose, of a celebration of Voltaire's two-hundredth anni-
versary, which also falls this year.
Walter Pater's unpublished papers are being pre-
pared for the press by Mr. C. L. Shadwell, the trans-
lator of Dante. One volume will be a collection of
"Greek Studies "; another will be similar to " Imagin-
ary Portraits."
During the past year, there have been published in
Russia (exclusive of Finland) no less than 10,242 sep-
arate works, of which nearly 34,000,000 copies were
printed. Perhaps the Muscovite is not such a barbarian
as some people think, after all.
The Knox College celebration of the Bryant Centen-
nial was described in our last issue. We now learn
that the proceedings are to be printed in a limited edi-
tion, copies of which, numbered and signed by Mr. John
Howard Bryant, may be subscribed for with Mr. E. E.
Calkins, Galesburg, 111.


344
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
The seventh annual meeting of the American Eco-
nomic Association will be held December 2G-29 at Co-
lumbia College. An attractive list of papers is offered,
and all interested in the science of economics are invited
to attend the meetings as well as the reception given
by President Low on the twenty-seventh.
The magnificent "History of Ancient Art" by MM.
G. Perrot and Charles Chipiez (Armstrong), of which
past volumes have been reviewed by us, is now con-
tinued with a two-volume" History of Ait in Primitive
Greece," which we only mention upon this occasion, as
we intend to review it at length in a later issue.
Mr. Justin McCarthy protests very vigorously against
the action of the American publishing house which lias,
without any authorization or even notification, issued an
edition of his "History of Our Own Times," with new
chapters by an American hand. It appears that the
author himself had in contemplation the work of bring-
ing the history up to date.
Carl Plong, poet and patriot, statesman and journal-
ist, died at Copenhagen on the twenty-seventh of Octo-
ber. When we read him twenty years ago, he seemed
even then one of the old-timers, and we hardly realized
that he existed in the flesh. And yet he was not only
living, but was destined to survive until the present year,
and to the ripe age of eighty-one.
Mr. Walter Blackburn Harte's new volume of social
and literary papers, "Meditations in Motley: A Bundle
of Papers Imbued with the Sobriety of Midnight," has
a fantastic and curious dedication. It runs: "I com-
mend this little book to the Devil and Dame Chance,
the two most potent deities in literary fortunes as in all
other sublunary dispensations." The book is published
by the Arena Publishing Co., of Boston.
We take this bit of information from "The Athen-
aeum": "The most important contribution yet published
to the biography of Dante Gabriel Ilossetti is now in
course of preparation, and is likely to be issued at a not
very distant date. The book will consist of two sections,
1, a memoir of some considerable length, on which his
brother, Mr. William Michael Rossetti, is now actively
engaged; 2, Dante Kossetti's family letters, from his
boyhood to the latest months of his life."
"The Tragedies of Kuripides in English Verse " (Mac-
millan), by Mr. Arthur S. Way, is to consist of three
volumes, the first of which is at hand. Mr. Way has
previously published translations of both "Iliad " and
"Odyssey," and hence brings a practised hand to his
new task. Certainly, a good verse-translation of Euri-
pides is much needed, for half of the plays have been
untouched since Potter, and the others have been spor-
adically versified in English by a score of hands. Mr.
Way's work is excellent, although it may hardly be called
brilliant.
The death of Froude has set in circulation a half-for-
gotten skit, which recalls a passage at arms of many
years ago.
"While Froude assures the Scottish youth
That parsons do not care for truth.
The Reverend Canon Kingsley cries
'All history's a pack of lies.'
*' What cause for judgment so malign?
A little thought may solve the mystery;
For Froude thinks Kingsley a divine,
And Kingsley goes to Froude for history."
Sir Frederick Pollock, the well-known authority on
Copyright, writes as follows to "The Author" of Lon-
don: "I have observed with uneasiness, in 'The Au-
thor' and elsewhere, a teudency to revive the high
metaphysical theory of copyright as a perpetual and
immutable right of property conferred by the law of
nature. This theory is, in my opinion, unsound, and at
all events it has been definitely rejected by English and
American law. Copyright is property, but not a prop-
erty in ideas; it is a monopoly or exclusive franchise,
created for reasons of policy, in particular forms whereby
ideas are expressed."
The mortuary record of the last fortnight includes
the names of James McCosh and of Robert C. Win-
throp, both of whom died on the sixteenth of Novem-
ber; of Anton Gregor Rubinstein, who died on the
twentieth, and of Jean Victor Duruy, who died on the
twenty-fifth. These four men were born, respectively,
in 1811, 1809, 1829, and 1811. When we sought to
enumerate in a recent issue the American men of let-
ters yet surviving from the first quarter of the century,
the ink was hardly dried before we had to expunge the
name of Dr. Holmes. Wintbrop was another of the
veterans, and our list once more shrinks. He is best
remembered by his orations, filling three large volumes,
and by his " Life and Letters of John Winthrop." The
death of Rubinstein emphasizes the loss of Tschai-
kowsky, Gounod, and Bttlow, all of whom have left us
within about a year. As for Dr. McCosh, of his three
quarter-centuries and more only one has been passed in
our midst, but he thoroughly identified himself with our
life and institutions. His many published works were,
with hardly an exception, of a religious or philosophical
character. Among the works of Duruy the following
should be mentioned: "Histoire de laGrece Ancienne,"
"Histoire des Romains," "Histoire de France," and
"Histoire des Temps Moderues." A translation of the
latter work is one of the latest publications of Messrs.
Henry Holt & Co.
THE THINNED RANKS OF OLDER ENGLISH AUTHORS.
In its article on the death of Froude, the " Saturday
Review" thus speaks of the mournful passing of the
older group of English authors: "Last week English
literature still had two leaders; now it has only one.
Not since that rapid fall of the greatest writers of En-
glish which in the early Thirties drew from Words-
worth some of the best of his later lines, has there been
such a thinning of the ranks of the captains of prose
and verse as the last few years have seen. Lord Ten-
nyson and Mr. Browning, Cardinal Newman and Mr.
Arnold, had left us; Mr. Rusk in and Mr. Froude re-
mained. There is no one but Mr. Ruskin now of the
first class of veterans. The best of those who remain
belong distinctly to the next generation and perhaps they
are not very numerous; certainly not more than one or
two of them are ever likely to be ranked by posterity
with those who have just been named. What younger
generations still may have in store time will show; but
it is not ungracious to say that the very best man, be
he who he may, who has not yet reached fifty, will have
to make new and strange progress before he can be
ranked with those of whom only Mr. Ruskin survives."
THE HISTORY OF A PUBLISHING HOUSE.
The romance of business has an interesting illustra-
tion in "The History of a Publishing House " in the
current number of " Scribner's Magazine." The house
referred to is that of Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons,
and the particular occasion of the present history is its


1894.]
345
THE DIAL
occupancy of its fine new building in Fifth Avenue,
New York. The house is not yet quite fifty years of
age, but it has long held its place among the foremost
of American publishing-houses, and may well indulge
iu these reminiscences of its remarkable career and fe-
licitations upon its position and prospects. Great pub-
lishing houses are not built in a day, hardly in a gen-
eration; the real successes seem to come with the sec-
ond or later generation of descendants or of partnerships.
Such is the case with this house. Mr. Charles Scribner,
Senior, who founded it in 1846, was a man of energy
and sagacity, and conducted it for twenty-five years,
when he was succeeded by his sons who form the heads
of the present firm. It was during the elder Mr. Scrib-
ner's administration that the old " Scribner's Monthly"
(now "The Century Magazine") was established, in
conjunction with Dr. Holland and Mr. Roswell Smith;
and it is interesting to note that this magazine and the
present "Scribner's" (founded in 187*7) were perhaps the
two most powerful factors in the growth and prosperity
of the firm. Of the older magazine the article states that
it " set a virtually new standard for the illustrated pop-
ular periodical; through its artistic side especially it
had the chief part in the great progress in American
illustration and wood-engraving which has been one of
the notable things of our last quarter of a century; and
the way iu which it revolutionized all former ideas of
tiie possibilities of magazine circulation was epoch-mak-
ing." The article gives many interesting details of the
firm's career and of the more notable enterprises in
which it has engaged. Portraits are given of deceased
members of the firm, with exterior and interior views
of its new home.
Topics in Leading Periodicals.
December, 1S04 (First List ).
"Arts and Crafts," English. V. Champiez. Mag. of Art.
Athletics for City Girls. Mary T. Bissell. Popular Science.
Ballet, Art in the. Ulus. C. Wilhelm. Magazine of Art.
Bashfulness in Children. J.M.Baldwin. Educational Rev.
Christ Child in Art, The. Archdeacon Farrar. McClure.
Country Club, The. Ulus. C. W. Whitney. Harper.
Crerar Library, Chicago. Dial.
Educated Men, The Need of. D. S. Jordan. Pop. Science.
Evolution, Antiquity of. David S. Jordan. Dial.
Genina, New Criticism of. Aline Gorren. Atlantic.
Geologies and Deluges. W. T. Sollas. Popular Science.
Ghosts. Agnes Repplier. Atlantic.
Holmes's Poems, The Religion of. M. J. Savage. Arena.
Immorality, Wellspringg of. B. O. Flower. Arena.
Japan, Summer in. Ulus. Alfred Parsons. Harper.
Maupassant, Guy de. Leo N. Tolstoi. Arena.
Medicine, The Study of. A. L. Benedict. Lippincott.
Moody, Dwight L. Henry Drummond. McClure.
Paris, Show Places of. R. H. Davis. Harper.
Pater, Walter. William Sharp. -4//an/i'e.
Pithecoid Men. Ulus. E. P. Evans. Popular Science.
Religious Parliament, The. F. Max Miiller. Arena.
Scenery, Natural, The Geology of. Popular Science.
Schoolhouse. Architecture of the. Atlantic.
Shinto, the Old Religion of Japan. Popular Science.
Sleep, the Chemistry of. Henry Wurtz. Popular Science.
Sociological Study. G. E. Vincent. Educational Review.
Stories, A Century of. W. M. Payne. Dial.
"Taming of the Shrew." Ulus. Andrew Lang. Harper.
Unemployed, Problem of the. E. W. Beniis. Dial.
Watts, George Frederick. Ulus. Cosmo Monkhouse. Scribner.
Whittier's Life and Letters. Dial.
Women-Painters, Some Noted. Ulus. Magazine of Art.
Women, University Opportunities for. Educational Review.
IjIst of New Books.
[The following list, containing 100 titles, includes books re-
ceived by The Dial since its last issue.]
ILLUSTRATED GIFT BOOKS.
Memoirs of the Reign of King George the Third. By
Horace Walpole; first published by Sir Denis le Marchant,
Bart., and now re-edited by G. F. Russell Barker. In 4
vols., with 16 portraits, 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. G. P. Put-
nam's Sons. $18.
Hypstla; or. New Foes with an Old Face. By Charles Kings-
ley. Holiday edition, illus. by W. M. Johnson. 2 vols.,
12mo, gilt tops, uncut edges. Harper & Bros. Boxed, 87.
Memoirs of the Duchesse de Gontaut, Qouvernante to
the Children of France during the Restoration, 1773-1836.
Trans, from the French by Sirs. J. W. Davis. In 2 vols.,
illus., 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. Dodd, Mead & Co. Boxed, $5.
At the Ghost Hour: Ghost Tales. By Paul Heyse; trans,
from the German by Frances A. VanSantford. In 4 vols.,
with decorations by Alice C. Morse, 18mo. Dodd, Mead
& Co. Boxed, $4.
Three Heroines of New England Romance. Their true
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Imogen Guiney, and Alice Brown. With many picturings
by Edmund H. Garrett. 12mo, pp. 175, gilt top. Little,
Brown, & Co. $2.
A Tale of Two Cities. By Charles Dickens. In 2 vols.,
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Goethe's Faust. From the German by John Anster, LL. D.;
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Pride and Prejudice. By Jane Austen; with preface by
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Becket. By Alfred, Lord Tennyson. Illus. by F. C. Gordon.
12mo, gilt edges, pp. 187. Dodd, Mead & Co. 82.
Eighteenth Century Vignettes, Second Series. By Austin
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Hans of Iceland. By Victor Hugo. Ulus. in photogravure,
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The Bird's Calendar. By H. E. Parkhurst. Ulus., 12mo,
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First in the Field: A Story of New South Wales. By George
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When Molly Was Six. By Eliza Orne White, author of
"Miss Brooks." Ulus., 12mo, pp. 133. Houghton, Mif-
flin & Co. 81.


346
[Dec. 1,-
THE DIAL
Decatur and Somera. By Molly Elliot Seawell, author of
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Where Honour Leads. By Lynde Palmer, author of "A
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The Lost Army. By Thomas W. Knox, author of " A Close
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Asiatic Breezes; or, Students on the Wing. By Oliver
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The French Revolution, Tested by Mirabeau's Career:
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English History in Shakespeare's Plays. By Beverley
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Walton and Some Earlier Writers on Fish and Fishing. By
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The Yellow Book: An BluBtrated Quarterly. Vol. III.,
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Selections from the Poems of Aubrey de Vere. Edited.
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portrait, 16mo, gilt top, pp. 310. Macmillan & Co. $1.25.


1894.]
347
THE
DIAL
The Story of Portus and Songs of the Southland. By Mary
H. Leonard, lOrao, pp. 107. Chas. W. Moulton. $1.
Quintets, and Other Verses. By William Henry Thorne,
author of " Modern Idols." 16mo, gilt top, pp. 100. Chi-
cago: The Author. $1.
A Sons of Companies, and Other Poems. By Orrin Cedes-
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224. The Century Co. 81.25.
The Lilac Sunbonnet: A Love Story. By S. R. Crockett,
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The Burial of the Guns. By Thomas Nelson Page. 12mo,
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Maelcho: A Sixteenth Century Narrative. By the Hon.
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The Story of Lawrence Garthe. By Ellen Olney Kirk,
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Children of Circumstance. By Iota, author of "A Yellow
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The People of the Mist. By H. Rider Haggard, author of
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Kensington Palace in the Days of Qneen Mary II.: A Story.
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Who Was Lost and Is Found. By Mrs. Oliphant, author
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Iola, the Senator's Daughter: A Story of Ancient Rome. By
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The Highway of Sorrow. By Hesba Stretton and • • •
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My Lady: A Story of Long Ago. By Marguerite Bouvet,
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The God in the Car. By Anthony Hope, author of " The
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348
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
Saint Paul and His Missions. Bj the Abbe1 Constant
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Things of the Mind. By J. L. Spalding, Bishop of Peoria.
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The Religion of Moses: By Adolph Moses. 16mo, pp. 138.
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1894.]
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1894.]
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In all, 12 vols. Library Edition. 8vo, cloth, $2.50 per volume. Popular Edition. 12mo, cloth, $1.50 per volume.
Any work sold separately.
*t Of all American historians he U the most peculiarly American, and yet he is the broadest and most cosmopolitan."— Pro/. John FUke.
J'His name will lire long in human memory."—Pret. Eliot, Harvard College.
III. The Historical T^pmances of Henryk Sienkiewicz.
Translated from the Polish by Jeremiah Curtin.
"With Fire and Sword. An Historical Novel of Poland and Russia. Crown 8vo, cloth, $2.00.
The Deluge. An Historical Novel of Poland, Sweden, and Russia. A sequel to " With Fire and Sword."
With photogravure portrait of the author, and map of the country at the period in which the events of " The
Deluge " and "With Fire and Sword " take place. 2 vols., crown 8vo, cloth, $3.00.
Pan Michael. An Historical Novel of Poland, the Ukraine, and Turkey. A sequel to "With Fire and
Sword " and "The Deluge." Crown 8vo, cloth, $2.00.
UNIFORM WITH THE ABOVE.
Without Dogma. A Novel of Modern Poland. Translated from the Polish of Henryk Sienkiewicz, by
Iza Young. Crown 8vo, cloth, $1.50.
The complete series, Library Edition—" With Fire and Sword," 2 vols., "The Deluge," 2 vols., " Pan Michael,"
1 vol., and « Without Dogma," 1 vol. In all 6 vols., crown 8vo, cloth, gilt top, $9.50; half calf, gilt top, 821.00.
'Such a writer as Sienkiewicz, the Polish novelist whose works belong with the very best of their class, and who has a kind of Shakespearean
ness, virility, and power of characterization, is sufficient to give dignity to the literature of a whole generation in his own country. His
three novels on the wars of the Polish Commonwealth, and his painful but superb psychological story, 'Without Dogma,' form a permanent
addition to modern literature."— The Outlook.
"About Books," No. 9, giving full description, mailed to any address.
IV. The Historical l^pmances of ^Alexandre Dumas.
Library Edition, choicely printed in clear type, and giving excellent and unabridged translations. 48 vols., 12mo,
with etchings, photogravures, etc. Per volume, decorated cloth, gilt top, 81.50; plain cloth, gilt top, $1.25.
For sale everywhere. Ask for Little, Brown, & Company's Complete Library Edition. "About Books," No. 8, a
pamphlet giving lists of romances and full descriptions, mailed to any address.
Sold by all Booksellers, or sent by mail, on receipt of the price, by
LITTLE, BROWN, & CO., Publishers, No. 254 Washington Street, Boston.


354
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
NEW HOLIDAY BOOKS.
5: The C f Parthen
AND ITS ENVIRONS. By CLARA ERSKINE CLEMENT, author of
DC “A Handbook of Legendary and Mythological Art," " The Queen
of the Adriatic," etc. Handsomely illustrated with 20 full-page plates in photogravure from photographs of historic scenes
in and around Naples. Small 8vo, handsomely bound in extra cloth, with appropriate cover design, gilt top, slip cover, in a
neat cloth case; price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3.00
A companion to the popular “Queen of the Adriatic," by the same author, and to “The Lily of the Arno” and “Genoa.
the Superb” in the same series.
The S on of 1904. The new volume of the original French edition of the grandest Art Annual of the age.
T. 100 magnificent photogravure illustrations of the choicest paintings and statuary in this
year's Salons. Imperial 8vo, red silk cloth with palette design, in gold and colors. VELLUM PAPER EDITION (limited to 400
· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · $10.00
Marie_Narcissa Two charming new books from the pen of LAURA E. RICHARDS, companion volumes to " Cap-
d. tain January” and “Melody.” 16mo, cloth, price each ........... 50c.
These two books will unquestionably rank as Mrs. Richards's best work so far, and it is perfectly safe to predict that no
one who picks up either volume and commences to read will drop it until it has been read to a finish. Over 100,000 of this
series have already been sold.
America's Godfather. OR, THE FLORENTINE GENTLEMAN. Being the story of Amerigo Vespucci. By
· VIRGINIA W. JOHNSON, author of “The Lily of the Arno," etc. Handsomely printed
from large type on fine paper, and illustrated with 20 full-page plates in half-tone. 8vo, handsomely bound in cloth, extra,
original and handsome cover design, gilt top; price ........................ $2.50%
Kenilworth - Heart of Mid-Lothian Holiday edition of each. Edited by ANDREW LANG. Mag-
do nificently illustrated with full-page etchings and photograv-
ures. Printed on Imperial Japan paper. Each in 2 vols., 8vo, handsomely bound, with slip covers ; price .... $6.00
Chotterhoy 1904
Challen DOX, 1097. amount of circulation, is fully up to its standard of excellence this year. In fact it seems to
This, the acknowledged king of all juvenile books published in the world, both as to merit and
grow better every year, and is eagerly looked forward to by tens of thousands of young people as the holiday season approaches.
It contains over 400 pages, and 200 original illustrations. Boards, $1.25; cloth, chromo side (formerly $2.25)... $1.75
Our Little Ones Annual, 1894. vice versa, this volume represents ably and carefully trained editors,
04. Instead of the oft-times misfit of stories ill-adapted to pictures, and
authors, and artists ; and the cost of the stories and engravings in this volume alone exceeds $7500. It is a kindergarten in
itself. Edited by OLIVER OPTIC. 370 beautiful engravings. With a handsome new cloth cover; price . . . . . $1.75
The Nursery 1894. The new volume for the little folks, more attractive than ever. Over 200 pictures ;
price · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · $1.25
The Boys' Revolt A story of the street Arabs of New York. By JAMES Otis, author of "Tory Tyler," eto.
Square 12mo, cloth, fully illustrated; price ............... $1.25
Uniform in style and price with “ Jenny Wren's Boarding House," a story of newsboy life in New York, by the same author.
Don of Millbroni, By CHARLES CARLETON COFFIN, author of " Boys of '61," etc. With 8 full-page illustra-
tions by MERRILL. Large 12mo, cloth; price .............. $1.50
A strong story of New England life by this famous writer.
v With Excursions to the Neighboring Metropolis. By Hez-
Y, EKIAH BUTTERWORTH. Profusely illustrated with full-page
plates and text engravings. Small 4to, in a novel and attractive style of parti-cloth cover, extra ; price ..... 82.00
In this new volume of the most popular series of books of travel and story for American children ever issued, the reader
is shown with graphic pen and pencil some of the wonders of the recent great World's Fair at Chicago.
Zigzag Journeys in the White City, With Excursions to the Neighboring to
The Parson's Miracle. OR, CHRISTMAS IN AMERICA. By HEZEKIAH BUTTERWORTH. A new volume in the
series of " Christmas in Many Lands." A charming holiday story, with illustrations
in color and a dainty cover; price ... ......... .......... ........ 50c.
** A COMPLETE DESCRIPTIVE LIST will be mailed free to any address upon application.
The above books are for sale by Booksellers generally, or will be sent by mail, postpaid, on receipt of price, by
ESTES & LAURIAT, PUBLISHERS, BOSTON.


1894.]
355
THE DIAL
SOME GOOD BOOKS.
THE SKETCH-BOOK.
By Washington Irving. The Van Tassel Edition, uniform
in general style with the Holiday edition of "The Alham-
bra." 2 volumes, octavo, with artistic borders, and 32 illus-
trations, cloth extra, $6.00; three-quarter levant, 812.00.
THE *ARIEL SHAKESPEARE.
(Now Complete.) Each play is in a separate volume, 3%x5
inches, printed from new type. The text is complete and
unabridged, with 500 illustrations by Frank Howard.
Now complete in 40 volumes, and issued in four styles:
A. — Garnet cloth, each, 40 cents; per set, 40 volumes, in
box, $16.00.
B. —Full leather gilt top, each (in a box), 75 cents; per set,
40 volumes in a box, $30.00.
C. — 40 volumes bound in 20, cloth, in box, per set (sold in
sets only), $15.00.
D. — 40 volumes bonnd in 20, half calf extra, gilt tops, in
box, per set (sold in sets only), $35.00.
THE STORY OF THE CIVIL WAR.
A Concise Account of the War in the United States of Amer-
ica between 1861 and 1865. By John C. Ropes, author of
"The First Napoleon," etc. To be complete in three parts.
Part I., Narrative of Events to the Opening of the Cam-
paign of 1862. With 5 maps, 8vo, $1.50.
THE WINNING OF THE WEST.
By Theodore Roosevelt, author of " Hunting Trips of a
Ranchman," "The Wilderness Hunter," etc.
Volume HI. The Founding of the Trans-Alleghany Common-
wealths, 1784-1790. 8vo, with map, $2.50.
CICERO,
iAnd the Fall of the Roman Republic.
By J. L. Strachan Davidson. No. X. of the " Heroes of
the Nations " Series. Large 12mo, illustrated, cloth, $1.50;
half leather, gilt top, $1.75.
PRINCE HENRY (the Navigator)
of Portugal,
And the Age of Discovery in Europe. By C. R. Beazlbt.
No. XII. in the "Heroes of the Nations" Series. With
illustrations, maps, and plans, 12mo, cloth, $1.50; half
leather, gilt top, $1.75.
THE STORY OF VENICE.
From the Earliest Times to the Fall of the Republic. By
Alethea Wiel. No. 42 in the "Story of the Nations"
Series. 12mo, cloth, fully illustrated, $1.50; half leather,
gilt tops, $1.75.
<ABOUT WOMEN:
What Men Have Said. An Every-Day Book. Compiled
and arranged by Rose Porter. lOruo, $1.00.
Descriptive Prospectus of the " Stories of the Nations " and
the " Heroes of the Nations," and Holiday number of' Notes,"
giving full descriptions of the season's publications, sent on ap-
plication.
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS,
27 and 29 West SSd Street, NEW YORK.
THOMAS NELSON & SONS'
HOLIDAY BOOKS.
The Boys* Book of the Season—J. Mac Donald Oxley's New Book.
IN THE WILDS OF THE WEST COAST. By J. MacDokald
Oxley, author of "Diamond Rock," "Up Among the Ice Floes."
l'imo, handsomely bound In cloth extra, and fully illustrated, $1.60.
A book that all boys will appreciate, and those in search of wholesome
and entertaining reading for young people will find this in every way
suitable.
A Notable New Book.
HEROES OP ISRAEL. By William G. Blakxe, D.D., LL.D., au-
thor of " A Manual of Bible History in Connection with the General
History of the World." 8vo, cloth extra, numerous illustrations, $1,50.
As a delineator of Scripture biography, strong and picturesque, thor-
oughly evangelical and scholarly, Dr. W. G. Blaikie has already been
widely read on this side of the sea. This new volume will find, as
it certainly deserves, a cordial welcome in every pastor's study. It
ought to be placed in every church library. For such vigorous por-
trayals of character suggest themes of meditation of the highest promise
to one Inclined to be imaginative. These books make excellent and
helpful presents for Superintendents and Teachers during the holi-
days."— Rev. Charles S. Robinson, D.D., Pastor of New York Presby-
terian Church.
Three New Historical Tales by Evelyn Everett Green.
SHUT IN. A Tale of the Wonderful Siege of Antwerp in the Year
1585. By Evelyn Everett Green. 8vo, cloth extra, $1.75.
THE SECRET CHAMBER AT CHAD. A Tale. By Evelyn Ev-
srktt Green. 12mo, cloth extra, $1.00.
EVIL MAY-DAY. A Story of 1517. By Evelyn Everett Green.
12mo, cloth extra, $1.00.
A New Book by Talbot Baines Reed,
KILQORMAN. A Story of Ireland in 1798. By Talbot Baines Reed,
author of " Follow My Leader," etc. Illustrated by John William-
son. With portrait, and an "In Hemoriam " sketch of the author
by John Slue. 8vo, cloth extra, $1.75.
Splendid Books for Young People.
MARK MARKSEN'S SECRET. A Tale. By Jessie Armstrong.
12mo, cloth extra, 80 cents.
THE BETTER WAY. A Tale of Temperance Toil. By William J.
Lacby, author of "Through Storm to Sunshine," etc. With illustra-
tions. 12mo, cloth extra, $1.00.
THE LITTLE SWEDISH BARON. By the author of "The Swedish
Twins," etc. 12mo, cloth extra, 00 cents.
New Series.
NOBLE LIVES (New Series of). By Miss Lucy Taylor. Two
volumes in one. Cloth extra, each, 50 cents.
Story of Sir Henry Lawrence and Sir Henry Havelock.
Story of William Carey and Captain Hedley Vicars.
Story of Sir Josiah Mason and James Naamyth.
FAVORITE FABLES AND STORIES ABOUT ANIMALS. Two
volumes In oue. Profusely illustrated. 12mo, cloth extra, $1.00.
A Charming Fairy Story.
UP THE CHIMNEY TO NINNY LAND. A Fairy Story for Chil-
dren. By A. S. M. Chester, author of "Short Doggerel Tales."
With numerous illustrations. Small 4to, cloth extra, $1.00.
A Splendid New Edition.
IVANHOE. By Sir Walter Scott, Bart. With notes and illustrations.
12mo, cloth extra, $1.25.
Revised and Enlarged Edition.
COLLIER'S HISTORY OF ENOLISH LITERATURE, in a Series
of Biographical Sketches. 12mo, cloth. Revised and enlarged edition,
582 pages, $1.75.
A New Dictionary.
ROYAL ENGLISH DICTIONARY AND WORD TREASURY.
By Thomas T. Maclaoam, M.A., of the Royal High School and Heriot-
Watt College, Edinburgh. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
For sale by all Booksellers. Sent, postpaid, on receipt of price.
THOS. NELSON & SONS, Publishers and Importers,
33 East 17th St. Union Square, New York.


356
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
HOLIDAY Books
PUBLISHED BY
JOSEPH KNIGHT COMPANY
Boston, .... Mass.
GOULD'S
ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY
OF
Medicine, Biology, and Allied Sciences.
A REFERENCE BOOK
For Editors, General Scientists, Libraries, Newspaper
Offices, Biologists, Chemists, Physicians, Dent-
ists, Druggists, and Lawyers.
Demi Quarto, over 1600 pages, Half Morocco . . net, $10.00
Half Russia, Thumb Index .......... net, 12.00
P Samples of pages and illustrations free.
P. BLAKISTON, SON & COMPANY,
1012 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA.
THE INNOCENTS ABROAD.
By MARK TWAIN. New Edition. Fully illustrated with 30
photogravure illustrations of scenery, cities, and architect-
ure visited by the author and his fellow pilgrims on their
famous Excursion to Europe and the Holy Land in 1867.
2 vols., crown octavo, cloth, gilt tops ... . $5.00
Or half levant morocco, gilt tops..... 9.00
HYPATIA;
Or, New Foes with an Old Face.
By CHARLES KINGSLEY. New Edition. With 2 photogra-
vure frontispieces, and 28 full-page half-tone illustrations
and many illustrations in the text.
2 vols., crown octavo, cloth, gilt tops . . . . . $4.00
Or half levant morocco, gilt tops. . . . . . . 7.50
LORNA DOONE.
By R. D. BLACKMORE. The only complete Illustrated Edi-
tion, with a wealth of pictures, comprising over 200 beau-
tiful text illustrations, and 30 photogravures from original
photographs of Devon and Somerset scenery.
2 vols., crown octavo, in green silk, or white cloth,
and cloth jacket, gilt tops . . . . . . . . $ 6.00
Or half levant morocco, gilt tops . . . . . . . 10.00
ROUND ROBIN READING CLUB
Designed for the Promotion of Systematic
Study of Literature.
The object of this organization is to direct the reading
of individuals and small classes through correspondence.
The Courses, prepared by Specialists, are carefully
adapted to the wishes of members, who select their own
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used; suggestions are made for papers, and no effort
spared to make the Club of permanent value to its
members. For particulars address,
MISS LOUISE STOCKTON,
4213 Chester Avenue, PHILADELPHIA.
SOME OLD-TIME BEAUTIES.
By THOMSON WILLING. Ten Sketches, biographic and liter-
ary, of distinguished beauties and ladies of rank of the
Georgian Era. Illustrated in photogravure from the orig-
inal portraits by Sir Joshua REYNOLDS, Sir THOMAS LAU-
RENCE, ROMNEY, and GAINSBOROUGH. With cover, dec-
orative borders, title-page, half-titles, and tailpieces by the
author.
1 vol., small quarto, size 7x9, bound in cloth, gilt
top, with photogravure design on cover, ... $3.00
JOSEPH GILLOTT'S
STEEL PENS.
RIP VAN WINKLE.
By WASHINGTON IRVING. New Edition. With 24 photo-
gravure illustrations from original photographs of Kaats-
kill Mountain scenery by ERNEST EDWARDS, and many
text illustrations by FRANK T. MERRILL.
1 vol., small quarto, size 7x9, fancy cloth binding,
gilt top · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · $3.00
THE FAIRIES' FESTIVAL.
A Poem. By JOHN WITT RANDALL. Edited by FRANCIS
ELLINGWOOD ABBOT. With over 40 illustrations in photo-
gelatine from original drawings by FRANCES GILBERT ATT-
WOOD.
1 vol., small quarto, size 7 x 9, fancy cloth binding,
full gilt, gilt top: ........... $3.00
CHILD LIFE IN ART.
By ESTELLE M. HURLL, M.A. Six chapters, comprising Child-
hood in Ideal Types, Children Born to the Purple, 'The Chil-
dren of Field and Village, The Child Life of the Streets,
Child Angels, and The Christ Child. Illustrated with 25
beautiful half-tone illustrations from celebrated paintings
by Raphael, Titian, Van Dyck, Velasquez, Reynolds, and
other artists.
1 vol., 12mo, cloth gilt, gilt edges .. .... $2.00
GOLD MEDALS, PARIS, 1878 AND 1889.
His Celebrated Numbers,
303-404-170—604-332
And his other styles, may be had of all dealers
throughout the World.
JOSEPH GILLOTT & SONS, NEW YORK.
The Boorum & Pease Company,
MANUFACTURERS OF
THE STANDARD BLANK BOOKS.
(For the Trade Only.)
Everything, from the smallest Pass-Book to the largest
Ledger, suitable to all purposes — Commercial, Educational,
and Household uses.
Flat-opening Account-Books, under the Frey patent.
For sale by all Booksellers and Stationers.
A complete illustrated catalogue of our publications mailed free to
any address. Our books are for sale by booksellers, or will be sent post
or express paid on receipt of price.
JOSEPH KNIGHT COMPANY,
No. 196 Summer Street, Boston.
FACTORY: BROOKLYN.
Offices and Salesrooms: . ... 101 & 103 Duane Street
· New York City.


1894.]
357
THE DIAL
WEBSTER'S
INEBRIETY, OR NARCOMANIA :
ENTIRELY NEW.
ENTIRELY NEW.
Its Etiology, Pathology, Treatment,
INTERNATIONAL
and Jurisprudence.
By NORMAN KERR, M.D., F.L.S. Third edition, Large 8vo,
ABREAST OF THE TIMES.
ABREAST OF THE TIMES. DICTIONARY. ||
650 pages, $3.50.
A GRAND EDUCATOR.
“Dr. Norman Kerr is, perhaps, the highest English authority on this.
subject."- New York Sun.
Successor of the “UNABRIDGED.”
“This volume is enormously valuable.”— New York Herald.
Sandow's System of Physical Training for
Men, Women, and Children.
THE BEST CHRISTMAS GIFT.
Fourth edition. 80 half-tone illustrations, unabridged. 8vo,
A Dictionary of English, Geography, Biography,
cloth, $2.00.
Acknowledged to be the best guide to perfection in strength, sym-
Fiction, etc.
metry, beauty of form and face in man or woman.
Standard of the United States Government Print-
Athletics for Physical Culture.
ing Office, the United States Supreme Court, and of | By THEODORE C. KNAUFF. 422 pages, 114 illustrations.
nearly all the Schoolbooks.
12mo, cloth, $2.00.
Warmly Commended by every State Superin-
A lucid and exhaustive compendium of all games and pastimes.
tendent of Schools, and other Educators almost without
The Gist of Whist.
By C. E. COFFIN. Fourth edition, carefully revised and
number.
brought up to date. Cloth, 75 cents.
A College President writes: “For ease with The clearest, most concise, as well as latest manual in the market.
which the eye finds the word sought, for accuracy of
The White Tzar, and Other Poems.
definition, for effective methods in indicating pronunci- By HENRY BEDLOW. Superbly illustrated. An édition de
ation, for terse yet comprehensive statements of facts, luxe. 4to, cloth, $2.50.
and for practical use as a working dictionary, Webster's
On India's Frontier;
International' excels any other single volume.”
Or, Nepal the Gurkhas' Mysterious Land.
• The One Great Standard Authority.”
| By HENRY BALLANTINE, M.A. (late American Consul to
Bombay). A magnificently illustrated and timely volume.
So writes the Hon. D. J. BREWER, Justice
8vo, cloth, $2.50.
U.S. Supreme Court.
"The volume is enormously valuable."- New York Herald.
G. & C. MERRIAM COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, 1 price by the publishers.
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"Fragility sometimes blossoms in the strangest places! The daintiest
of book-making has commonly come from centres like Paris, London, or
New York ; but from the town of Portland, Me., there have recently
been issued, under the title of “The Bibelot Series," some little paper
covered volumes of poetry which are as lururious and artistic as any-
thing that hails from France or England. Mr. T. B. Mosher is the
publisher of these bits of clever workmanship."— New YORK TRIBUNE.
“ Let DIARIES be Brought into Use,"
SAID THE WISE LORD BACON 300 YEARS AGO.
The regular systematic use of a Diary economizes time,
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CHILDREN SHOULD BE ENCOURAGED TO USE DIARIES.
NOTHING BETTER FOR A CHRISTMAS OR A NEW YEAR'S
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THE BIBELOT SERIES.
The BIBELOT SERIES is modeled on an old style format, narrow 8vo,
and beautifully printed in italic on Van Gelder's hand-made paper, un-
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is strictly limited to 725 copies.
PRICE PER VOLUME, $1.00 NET, POSTPAID.
Two New Volumes are Now Ready:
III. RUBAIYAT OF OMAR KHAYYAM, rendered into English
verse by EDWARD FITZGERALD, with a List of Editions and Versions
in English. The present reprint gives the parallel texts of the First
and Fourth English editions.
IV. FELISE. A book of lyrics chosen from the earlier poetical works
of ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE, including “Cleopatra," a poem
omitted from all the collected works.
For the Holiday Season a limnited number of sets of the Bibelot Series
have been put up in very attractive shape. The four volumes are dain-
pped and sealed as usual, and then enclosed in cabinet style
boxes, silk-finish end-paper linings, with color design.
Price per set, $4.00 net, post-paid.
For 1895
They are made in 17 Sizes and in 350 Styles, at all prices,
from 10 cents up to $5.00 each.
Reliable and Valuable Tables of Information make
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unique Oxford edition selling at £2.12.6 net, and which was strictly
limited to 100 copies - pra ly out of the reach of the American
book-buyer.
400 small-paper copies at $1.50 net, postpaid.
40 large-paper copies at $5.00 net, postpaid.
PUBLISHED BY
THE CAMBRIDGEPORT DIARY COMPANY,
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Publishers, also, of Special DIARIES FOR DENTISTS, and
of MONTHLY CALL LISTS AND LEDGERS FOR PHYSICIANS.
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Editions, a choice little specimen of typework and paper.
THOMAS B. MOSHER, No. 37 Exchange St., Portland, Me.


358
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
BRAUN'S AUTOTYPES.
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MEZZOTINT PORTRAITS of Celebrated Beauties.
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For Christmas: KORADINE.
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leaves the reader better, wiser, happier.
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ALICE B. STOCKHAM & CO., 275 Madison St., CHICAGO.
^Artistic T resents of Termanent Value.
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[Dec. 16,
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1894.]
367
THE DIAL
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THE LEADING SERIAL FOR 1895 WILL BE
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[Dec. 16,
ESSAYS AND TRAVEL. FOR CHRISTMAS GIFTS.

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1894.]
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THE REPOSE OF FAITH;
In View of Present-Day Difficulties.
By the Rev. Alexander J. Harrison, B.D., Lecturer of
the Christian Evidence Society, author of "Problems of
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Here and There with Prominent Actors.
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THE CAPTAIN'S BOAT.
An Interesting Story for Boys. By William O. Stoddard.
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THE CASTLE OF THE CARPAT1ANS.
A Story of Strange Adventures. By Jules Verne. Thirty-
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An Interesting Sea Story. By Edward Stratemeyer. Illus-
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•#* For tale at all Bookstores, or will be sent by mail, jiostpaul, upon receipt of price, by
THE MERRIAM COMPANY, Publishers and Booksellers, 67 Fifth Ave., New York.


370
[Dec. 16, 1894.
THE DIAL
MACMILLAN & COMPANY'S
Notable Books of the Year 1894.
By CHARLES DEXTER ALLEN.
American Book-Plates. A Guide to their Study, with
Examples. With a bibliography by Eben Newell Hewins,
Member Ex-Libris Society. Illustrated with many repro-
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Also a Collector's Edition, limited to 100 copies, printed on
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out on Japanese vellum, with numerous illustrations and 41
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By GEORGE WILLIAM BALFOUR, M.D., LL.D.
The Senile Heart: Its Symptoms, Sequela?, and Treat-
ment. Illustrated. 12mo, $1.50.
By JOHN BARTLETT, A.M., Author of "Familiar Quotation:"
A New and Complete Concordance, or Verbal Index
to Words, Phrases, and Passages in the Dramatic Works of
William Shakespeare, with a Supplementary Concordance
to the Poems. 4to, half morocco, $14.00 net.
By HJALMAR HJORTH BOYESEN, Professor of Germanic
Language/ and Literature* at Columbia College.
A Commentary on the Writings of Henryk Ibsen.
12mo, gilt top, $2.00.
By ROBERT BROWNING.
The Poetical Works of Robert Browning. New
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The set in box, $20.00.
By GEOFFREY CHAUCER.
The '« Oxford" Chaucer. The Complete Works of
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Columbia University Biological Series. Edited by
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I. From the Greeks to Darwin. By Henry Fair-
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MACMILLAN & COMPANY, Publishers, No. 66 Fifth Avenue, New York.


THE DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
No. 204. DECEMBER 16, 1894. Vol. XVII.
CONTENTS - Continued.
First in the Field. - Knox's The Lost Army. –
Stoddard's Chris the Model Maker.-Stoddard's The
Captain's Boat. - Murray - Aaron's The Butterfly
Hunters in the Caribbees.-Keene's Boys Own Guide
to Fishing.-Mrs. Dodge's When Life Is Young.-Miss
Magruder's The Child Amy.-Miss Samuels's Father
Gander's Melodies.— Field's Love Songs of Child-
hood. - Publications of the Society for Promoting
Christian Knowledge.-Robinson Crusoe, Macmillan's
edition.-Miss Wiggin's Timothy's Quest.-Aldrich's
Story of a Bad Boy.-St. Nicholas for 1894. – Har-
per's Young People for 1894.— Chatterbox for 1894.
NEW YORK TOPICS. Arthur Stedman ..... 390
LITERARY NOTES AND MISCELLANY ....
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS ....
LIST OF NEW BOOKS ...........
. 383
CONTENTS.
PAGE
LITERARY CENTENNIALS ......... 371
COMMUNICATIONS ...........: 373
English in the Southern Universities. John B.
Henneman.
The Study of Literature in Preparatory Schools.
Gertrude H. Mason.
AMERICAN MANNERS. Anna B. McMahan . . . 375
THE OLD LIGHT ON THE NEW PATH. Fred-
erick Starr ....... ..... .. 376
TWO GREAT VIRGINIANS. B. A. Hinsdale . . 378
NEW STUDIES IN AMERICAN HISTORY. Fran-
cis W. Shepard son . . . . . . . . . . . 380
Egleston's Life of John Paterson.-Straus's Roger
Williams.- Drake's The Making of the Ohio Valley
States.-Hughson's The Carolina Pirates and Colon-
ial Commerce.-Weeks's General Joseph Martin and
the War of the Revolution in the West.-Roosevelt's
The Founding of the Trans - Alleghany Common-
wealths.- Lee's Arthur Lee as Seen in History.
HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS. II.
Lang's Border Ballads.-De Amicis's Holland.-Far-
rar's Life of Christ as Represented in Art.- Whit-
ney's A Sporting Pilgrimage.-Smith & Packard's
European Architecture.—Miss Gamlin's Life and Art
of George Romney.- Memoirs of the Duchesse de
Gontaut.- Page's Polly,- Scudder's Childhood in
Literature and Art.- Wallihan's Hoofs, Claws, and
Antlers.-- Anster's Goethe's Faust.- Károly's Ra-
phael's Madonnas.- Dobson's Old English Songs.-
Miss Wyatt's A Girl I Know.- The Novels of Susan
Ferrier, Dent's edition.- Hugo's Romances, Little,
Brown, & Co.'s edition.-The "Ariel” and “Temple"
Shakespeare.- Bridges's The Growth of Love.-Er-
man's Life in Ancient Egypt.- Flammarion's Popu-
lar Astronomy.- Porter's Wild Beasts. — Child's
Wimples and Crisping Pins.-Keith's A Hilltop Sum-
mer.-- Faber's Hymns, Crowell's edition.- Tenny-
son's Becket, Dodd, Mead & Co.'s edition.-Heyse's
Ghost Tales.-Jacobs's The Fables of Æsop.--Bruce's
Wayside Poems.-- Byron's Childe Harold, Crowell's
edition.- Bradford's The Sistine Madonna.- Mac-
kay's Love Letters of a Violinist.
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG. II.. ....... 388
Miss Perry's Hope Benham. – Mrs. Webster's An-
other Girl's Experience. - Mrs. Champney's Witch
Winnie at Shinnecock.-Miss Townsend's Sirs, Only
Seventeen. - Miss Harraden's Things Will Take a
Turn. – Mrs. Molesworth's Olivia. — Miss White's
When Molly Was Six. -— Miss Coolidge's Not Quite
Eighteen. – Miss Plympton's Penelope Prig. - Mrs.
Jamison's Toinette's Philip. – Mrs. Burnett's Pic-
cino. - Miss Schultz's Madeleine's Rescue. -- Mrs.
Smith's Jolly Good Times To-day.-Mrs. Marshall's
Kensington Palace in the Days of Queen Mary.
-- Church's Stories from English History-Jacobs's
More Celtic Fairy Tales.-Miss Rhy's Banbury Cross
Series.- Harris's Little Mr. Thimblefinger.- Fenn's
LITERARY CENTENNIALS.
There is no doubt that the human mind in-
clines toward round numbers, and takes a cer-
tain pleasure in contemplating them. Just why
this should be the case is a problem for the
psychologist; but we, being now concerned
with the fact alone, will not stop to inquire into
its antecedents. Particularly are most of us
attracted by a round number when it happens
to be a number of years. When a thing is ten,
or twenty-five, or fifty years old, we begin to
think that we must do something about it.
And when a full hundred years has been
counted, the thing somehow becomes all at once
so memorable that it suddenly fills a large arc
of that horizon upon which only the year before
it was hardly more than a speck.
As far as our individual lives are concerned,
we have to be content with the celebration of
silver weddings, semi-centennials, and such-like
petty affairs. The inexorable reaper cuts us
down (with the exception of a Chevreul here
and there) before we can claim a full century
for our own, and thus have real cause for glor-
ification. As for a wedding centennial, that
has not been even thinkable since the Flood.
Perhaps the nearest approach to such an event
is made by the pensioned widows of our Revo-
lutionary veterans, some of whom (that is, of
the widows) still survive. But even pensioners
are mortal, and then the celebration by a widow
of any wedding anniversary would be too mel-
| ancholy an affair to be seriously undertaken.


372
[Dec. 16,
THE DIAL
But if we are by nature debarred from the
enjoyment of our own centennials, we can at
least celebrate those of other people. What
may be called the craze for the centennial
reached its height in this country when we
rounded the first hundred years of our national
existence. But those who fondly fancied that
a single big Centennial Exposition would do
the business were vastly mistaken, as the event
proved. For the Declaration of Independence
was no sooner out of the way than we found it
necessary to indulge in successive jubilations
over the anniversaries of a great many other
things, and the Revolutionary series was not
closed until we had worked our way down to
the inauguration of George Washington. Then
we had a bare year or two of respite before
becoming engrossed in a bigger celebration than
any of the others — that of the discovery of
America by one Christopher Columbus, a Gen-
oese. What the future has in store for us is
not known ; but a Cabot quadri-centennial for
1897 should at least be in order, and others are
pretty likely to follow.
The fashion of the literary centennial has
spread somewhat alarmingly during the past
quarter-century — from the time, say, of the
Shakespeare celebration of 1864 and the Dante
celebration of the year following. Michelan-
gelo had his turn in 1874. During the past
few weeks we have had occasion to chronicle
various celebrations in honor of the worthy
Nuremberg cobbler, whose shoes, we trust, were
better than his songs. We have also reported
divers gatherings in commemoration of the first-
born of our own American poets. The first
quarter of the twentieth century will, we im-
agine, be fairly well sprinkled with occasions
like these, for we cherish the memory of the
builders of our literature, and delight to do
honor to their names. Nor is the honor thus
done altogether an empty one, or the occasion
fruitless, for with each event we furbish up
our recollections of a worthy writer, and re-read
his books with new interest. We are likely,
also, to get from the publishers new and im-
proved editions, and perhaps new biographical
studies, upon such occasions.
Among the literary celebrations of the pres-
ent year we note, not without a touch of alarm,
the Gibbon memorial exercises that Mr. Fred-
eric Harrison has so successfully carried out in
London. We would not question the claims
of Gibbon upon the love and reverent gratitude
of all English-speaking people; but a danger-
ous precedent is set up by the exercises in ques-
tion. For the significant fact must be noted
that it is the centennial of Gibbon's death that
we now commemorate, not that of his birth.
Thus the number of possible future celebrations
is doubled at a single stroke. There seems,
moreover, to be some question of taste involved
in the celebration of a man's death. If it were
Gower, for example, or almost any one of the
early Poets Laureate, there might be a certain
appropriateness in the act. But the anniversary
of a really great writer's death is a rather poor
pretext for a glorification of his life. But the
pretext, such as it is, will probably be seized
upon many times. Already the Italians are
making great preparations for their celebration
next year in honor of the third centenary of the
death of Tasso. The French might be engaged
this very year in commemorating the centenary
of the death of Condorcet; but as they have
neglected the far more obvious opportunity of-
fered by the birth of Voltaire in 1694, it is not
surprising that they should have let slip the
memory of the philosopher. If they want to
make up for the neglect, they may celebrate
next year the death of La Fontaine, or the
deaths of La Bruyere and Madame de Sevigne
in 1896, or of Racine and Beaumarchais in
1899. The Germans are not likely to pay at-
tention to such mortuary centennials during
the present century, as their literary necrology
presents no very conspicuous name. But the
English, following the Gibbon precedent, may
signalize in 1896 the death of Burns, in 1897
that of Burke, in 1899 that of Spenser, and in
1900 those of Dryden and Cowper.
But the celebrations that have about them
no shadow of illegitimacy are those that sig-
nalize the secular recurrence of the birthday of
some name great in the literature of a country
or of the world. We have thought it interest-
ing to ask what occasions of this sort are offered
by the half-dozen remaining years of the nine-
teenth century. In our own country, no more
poets will be ripe for commemoration during
this century; but the historians Prescott and
Palfrey were born in 1796, while Bancroft first
saw the light in 1800. England may celebrate
the birth of Carlyle or Keats next year if she
will, of Hood in 1898, and of Macaulay in
1900. Germany will soon be reminded that
Ranke was born in 1795, and Heine in 1799.
Possibly, by the centennial of the latter date
the worthy Philistines of Diisseldorf may have
consented to the erection of a monument to the
greatest German since Goethe. The French,
in 1896, may celebrate the third Descartes cen-


1894.]
373
THE
DIAL
tennial, and in 1900 the first centennial of the
great master of their fiction. Surely the au-
thor of the Human Comedy deserves remem-
brance, if a writer ever did. The Italians will
have occasion, in 1898, to celebrate both Me-
tastasio and Leopard — born just a century
apart, and thus brought into incongruous fel-
lowship. And finally, Calderon, the greatest
poet of Spain, born in the closing year of the
sixteenth century, should not be forgotten by
the closing year of the nineteenth. We shall be
much disappointed if his fellow-countrymen do
not contrive to do something for the author of
"La Vida es Sueno" when the year 1900 comes
around.
We have one more suggestion to make, al-
though it probably comes too late for responsive
action. On the third of January, B.C. 106,
there was born near the town of Arpinum, in
the Volscian hills, a boy who received the name
of Marcus Tullius Cicero. A little calculation
will show that the third of January, 1895, will
be the two thousandth anniversary of that birth.
When the boy grew up he came to play a con-
siderable part in the affairs of the state, and
was altogether a man of mark. That he is still
remembered countless schoolboys and other
competent persons will testify. Here is surely
a chance that ought not to be missed. It is
not often that the opportunity is offered to cel-
ebrate the second millenial of a great writer's
birth, and, beside such an occasion, mere cen-
tennials, and even bi-, tri-, and quadri-centen-
nials, seem insignificant. Here is a round num-
ber, indeed, that must appeal to the most
wayward fancy; and we offer to our readers
as a Christmas gift the suggestion that some-
thing be planned for the coming year to com-
memorate the twentieth Ciceronian centenary.
COMMUNICA TIONS.
ENGLISH IN THE SOUTHERN UNIVERSITIES.
(To the Editor of Thjc Dial.)
Your series of articles on the study of English in
American universities, and particularly the general con-
clusions of your summary in the issue of November 1,
have proved interesting reading to a large constituency.
Yet I fear the silence as to the work in English in a
whole section of our country might seem unintentionally
misleading. Trne, the University of Virginia has found
a place in your list as a Southern institution, and all her
old students know how to praise warmly the work she
has done and promises to do for American scholarship.
But, just in the department of English, there have also
been other institutions in the South and Southwest which
established reputed courses, even before Virginia's noble
university, and have influenced vitally the tendencies of
thought and culture in the Southern half of the United
States.
I shall not here reproduce any of the points empha-
sized in an article on " The Study of English in the
South " written for the "Sewanee Review," February,
1894. The attempt was there made to give the history
of the movement. But one marked fact was the atten-
tion paid to English, by the side of Latin, Greek, and
other " humanistic " studies, as a full and independent
course, in many Southern institutions at very early dates.
Randolph-Macon and Richmond colleges in Virginia
have had full English courses since 1868. English was
emphasized at Washington and Lee University from the
beginning of General R. E. Lee's administration, and
the present incumbent of the English chair in that in-
stitution has been in position steadily to develop his de-
partment since 1876. Vanderbilt University in Nash-
ville, the University of the South at Sewanee, Tulane
University in New Orleans, have, from their inception,
emphasized and strengthened their English courses.
Some of the smaller colleges, too, have been exception-
ally zealous in this field; e. g., William and Mary and
Hampden-Sidney in Virginia, Davidson in North Car-
olina, and Charleston and Wofford in South Carolina.
Washington and Lee and Vanderbilt Universities have,
moreover, developed valuable post-graduate courses in
English looking to the Doctor's degree. The preceding
are all cases of private corporations. Likewise, many of
the State universities have shown peculiar sensitiveness to
the importance of the English instruction, and have em-
phasized its scope and its inspirational and training value.
The merit of the courses offered in the Universities of
Texas, Missouri, Mississippi, South Carolina, North Car-
olina, and Tennessee, I can readily instance.
An interesting and noteworthy feature, in these cases,
is the attention given to the constant practice in English
composition, to criticism, to personal acquaintance with
literature, and to the emphasis of library needs and
library work. The historical study of the language goes
hand in hand with the above, yet serves, I think, iu most
cases, not as an end in itself, but mainly as a means of
giving greater power in linguistic knowledge and attain-
ment and in literary expression. But the greatest gain
has been in the fact that more attention is paid each
year to the entrance requirements; preparatory schools
are everywhere discarded, independent fitting schools
are encouraged in their stead, and the system of special
accredited schools is generally extending. While much
is still to be desired in the country localities, the policy
is working well in towns and cities. Fair training and
practice in the elements of the mother tongue may thus
be demanded before entrance, and generally be accepted
as already possessed.
With some ground-work to start with, therefore, a
course of four years in the practical application of the
rules of composition and rhetoric and in the study of
literary topics is usually added in college. For instance,
the University of Tennessee maps out for the four full
years such a course in composition and literary work;
the philology course of two years is independent and
parallel, for advanced students and graduates who de-
sire linguistic training. All work centres in the library:
the library is the workshop of the English classes. Prac-
tical composition is attained, not only by constant theme-
work, but also by reports (we make them weekly) based
upon work done in the library in connection with class
topics. From our librarian's record for the last two


374
[Dec. 16,
THE DIAL
months (October and November), 1351 slips show that
this number of volumes was taken ont over-night from
the Seminary Boom alone, where all the important books
referred to in class lectures are temporarily placed for
general use. A total of 1933 volumes, all told, taken
out by the students in only two months, apart from the
perhaps still larger number of books used in the library
rooms, when there are fewer than three hundred stu-
dents altogether in attendance in all departments, is a
fair showing for the general interest and the nature of
the practical results.
Most of the Southern institutions, I find, study formal
literature by topics or periods. Adopting the topical
method as most clearly defined for all purposes, in our
own case, we have made the serious study of American
literary conditions the subject for investigation for one
whole year, just because it contains the essence of our
nationality and brings the facts and possibilities of Amer-
ican life and authorship closer home to the youthful
aspirant. Similarly, the study of the nineteenth cen-
tury English writers, both in prose and in verse, best
bears the impress of the modern consciousness and re-
produces most closely existing tendencies and habits of
thought. The prolonged study of Shakespeare by the
maturest students is a just recognition of the poet's su-
preme power.
Necessarily, all the courses in the above-named insti-
tutions (and there are others still) differ among them-
selves; but nevertheless one general spirit animates
them. They cannot pretend to have solved all the dif-
ficulties present and to have met all the needs required;
but, I think, it is not too bold to assert that they are
at least doing their share in upbuilding and leavening
and spiritualizing the existing conditions of American
'•'e- John B. Henneman.
Profetsor of English, XJnivertity of Tennes$ee.
EnoxvUU, Tenn., Dec. S, 1894.
THE STUDY OF LITERATURE IN PREPARA-
TORY SCHOOLS.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
It is hard to believe that the writer of a recent com-
munication to The Dial (Nov. 16, p. 286) on "The
Work of Preparatory Schools in English " expected to
be taken altogether seriously. If the picture therein
painted is a true one of New York, or, still worse, if it
represents the Eastern States in general, then must we
Californians, in pure self-defence, abandon our convic-
tions and join heart and soul in a movement toward ex-
clusion which most of us have always deprecated, and
shut ourselves from all influences that come from the
East, from all so-called educational reforms that arise
there,— from everything that we have fondly thought
would lead us out of our own provinciality. Especially
must we beware of teachers who have been educated in
those "helpless " Eastern schools, the especial merit of
which seems to be their "discipline of coercion and re-
straint." But we will not yet believe the case is as bad
as it seems; all those dismal things were not really
meant.
The writer of the communication referred to of course
does not use the word " appreciation " in its strict sense
of a perfectly just or complete estimate of merit, but
rather has in mind such partial appreciation as belongs
to the perception and enjoyment of the chief excellences
of a work. This is said to be secured only in the case
of "exceptional teachers and pupils in exceptional re-
| lations." There flashes across my mind a scene in a
i preparatory school in San Francisco—a teacher of En-
glish, with a class of forty or fifty boys, reading " Evan-
geline." I recall the quiet tones, the absorbed attention,
of the whole class; the evident pleasure with which the
boys in turn pointed out their favorite lines; and then
the questions of the teacher, put so naturally and easily,
by which one passage after another became richer in
meaning and beauty to his pupils. I will grant that
here may have been the "exceptional teacher"; but one
can hardly say the same of the many teachers of gram-
mar, secondary, and country schools, who have borne
glad testimony to a general love of literature among
their pupils.
Recently, after a class in a preparatory school had
read, somewhat hastily but with apparent enjoyment,
two long poems, its members were called upon to give
some reason for their preference of one of these poems
to the other. Among the answers given were the fol-
lowing: "It is a poem of deeper feeling." "The inter-
est is centred in one character." "I like the language
better; there are so many beautiful similes, and many
of these make the meaning clearer." "I enjoyed the
metre so much; the other was too jingling." "It is
more pathetic." "The characters are noble." "It is
more sympathetic." Now, however little value these
answers may have from a purely esthetic point of view,
they certainly show the beginnings of literary apprecia-
tion. In this case there could hardly have been any
exceptional conditions. Nay, rather, the conditions must
be unusually adverse that can crush out the simple
healthy instincts of the young, their natural attraction
toward what is beautiful and good—the basis of literary
appreciation. Moreover, I believe that nowhere can
these natural instincts be so easily guided as in the sec-
ondary schools, provided the literature offered is thor-
oughly within the intellectual grasp of the pupils. That
the artistic sense is slow to develop in American youth
I will admit; but I believe that it is seldom either alto-
gether absent or perverted.
In few secondary schools can composition be robbed
of all its terrors—especially when the work begins there,
•—but at least the pupil can generally be led to attack
it boldly and cheerfully; and when he has learned to
frame a good sentence or paragraph, even if he goes no
further, he cannot escape a certain satisfaction in it, a
pleasure no different in kind from that of the great lit-
erary artist. This impels him to greater effort, and he
no longer looks upon his work in composition as an ar-
bitrary requirement of his teacher. He knows now that
it is for his own good, for he does really enjoy it a little,
loth as he is to acknowledge this.
The relation existing between the preparatory school
and the college must be very different in the East from
what it is here. Is it the examination system that is at
fault? When the University Examiners visit our
schools, as they do every year, they do not present them-
selves as rigid censors, but rather as helpful and sym-
pathetic friends. They say that they have learned by
their visits to understand our difficulties as they could
not otherwise have done. They do not always find much
to praise, but they give encouragement when they can,
and offer very practical suggestions. The uplifting in-
fluence of the Universities on the secondary schools is
everywhere acknowledged among us, and teachers of
English at least have found great inspiration from this
source. Gertrude H. Mason.
Petaluma, California, Nov. SI, 1894.


1894.]
375
THE DIAL
American Manners.*
Nearly sixty years ago a book was published
in England called " Domestic Manners of the
Americans," which raised a storm of indigna-
tion throughout this country. The author was
Mrs. Trollope, mother of the now famous nov-
elist, Anthony Trollope; and she had gained
the materials for her book during a three years'
residence in this country, spent mostly in Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, then a little town of some twenty
thousand inhabitants. The refined and luxury-
loving woman, fond of social pleasures and
accustomed to the best associations of literary
and social London, found the manners of the
smajl raw backwoods settlement extremely un-
congenial and repulsive, and described them
without fear or favor. She spent but little
time in the older and more settled portions of
the country, passing through them only on her
journey home. The New England States she
never visited at all. But with a woman's fond-
ness for generalizations, she labelled what had
come within her vision " American," and set it
down as the necessary outcome of democracy.
Naturally, a picture so one-sided and un-
favorable was greatly resented by the Ameri-
can people at large, and it was even asserted
that the author had written her book with the
deliberate purpose of villifying and caricatur-
ing this country. Yet there is no doubt that, as
far as it went, it was a truthful picture. Hav-
ing outgrown our sensitiveness, we can afford
now to take up the work as a valuable contri-
bution to social studies of a period which en-
dured but a short time, rapidly passing away as
the onward sweep of material progress prepared
the way for the graces of life. This we have the
opportunity of doing, in a new edition of the fa-
mous book, handsomely issued in two volumes
with novel bindings of " bluet" cloth and white
backs, and with an introduction by Professor
Harry Thurston Peck of Columbia College.
To turn the pages of these volumes is to re-
veal the enormous changes of the sixty years
since they were penned. Many of the things
most distinctive then are entirely unknown
now, and the qualities then most conspicuous
for their absence have now become those most
distinctive of our civilization. For example,
Mrs. Trollope is particularly struck with the
* Domestic Manners of the Americans. By Mrs. Trol-
lope. With Introduction by Harry Thurston Peck. In two
volumes. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co.
dulness of our so-called festivities; she con-
siders Jonathan a very dull boy, and says:
"Compared with Americans, we are whirligigs
and teetotums; every day is a holiday and every
night a festival." And the descriptions of the
social gatherings she attended certainly war-
rant her judgment. It is hard to realize that
anywhere or at any time American society has
been notable for reticence and withdrawal of
the sexes from each other; yet this is some-
thing continually noted here. Evening parties
are thus described:
"The women invariably herd together at one part of
the room, and the men at the other; but, in justice to
Cincinnati, I must acknowledge that this arrangement
is by no means peculiar to that city, or to the western
side of the Alleghanies. . . . The gentlemen spit, talk
of elections and the price of produce, and spit again.
The ladies look at each other's dresses till they know
every pin by heart; talk of Parson Somebody's last ser-
mon on the day of judgment, on Dr. T'otherbody's new
pills for dyspepsia, till the 'tea' is announced, when
they all console themselves together for whatever they
may have suffered in keeping awake, by taking more
tea, coffee, hot cake and custard, hoe cake, johnny cake,
waffle cake and dodger cake, pickled peaches and pre-
served cucumbers, ham, turkey, hung beef, apple sauce,
and pickled oysters, than ever were prepared in any
other oountry of the known world. After this massive
meal is over, they return to the drawing-room, and it
always appeared to me that they remained together as
long as they could bear it, and then they rise en masse,
cloak, bonnet, shawl, and exit."
Still more surprising is it to learn that mixed
dinner-parties of ladies and gentlemen were
very rare, and that the gentlemen were seated
at one end and the ladies at the other, while,
unless several foreigners were present, but lit-
tle conversation took place at table. At large
balls, the gentlemen were served to a sump-
tuous repast at table in one room, while the
ladies had each a plate put into her hands as
they pensively promenaded the ball-room dur-
ing the absence of the favored lords of crea-
tion, or seated themselves at the sides of the
room, while sweetmeats, cakes, and creams were
passed. This division of the company was not
owing to absence of room, but simply because
the gentlemen liked it better!
The " lamentable insignificance of American
women " is another cause of frequent remark,
and her description of the "day " of a Phila-
delphia lady of the first class reads like a bit
of ancient history, so entirely removed is it in
all respects from the life of the " new woman"
of to-day. Its chief event was attendance upon
the Dorcas Society — an assemblage of ladies
provided with parings of broadcloth, ends of rib-
bon, gilt paper and minikin pins, out of which


376
[Dec. 16,
THE
DIAL
they manufactured pin-cushions, ink-wipers,
and watch-cases.
"Their talk is of priests and missions; of the profits
of their last sale, of their hopes from the next; of the
doubt whether young Mr. This or young Mr. That should
receive the fruits of it to fit him out for Liberia; of the
yery ugly bonnet seen at church on Sabbath morning,
of the very handsome preacher who performed on Sab-
bath afternoon, and of the very large collection made
on Sabbath evening. This lasts till three, when the car-
riage again appears, and the lady and her basket re-
turn home; she mounts to her chamber, carefully sets
aside her bonnet and its appurtenances, puts on her scal-
loped black silk apron, walks into the kitchen to see that
all is right, then into the parlour, where, having cast a
careful glance over the table prepared for dinner, she
sits down, work in hand, to await her spouse. He comes,
shakes hands with her, spits, and dines. The conversa-
tion is not much, and ten minutes suffice for dinner;
fruit and toddy, the newspaper and the work-bag suc-
ceed. In the evening the gentleman, being a savant,
goes to the Wister society, and afterwards plays a snug
rubber at a neighbour's. The lady receives at tea a
young missionary and three members of the Dorcas so-
ciety. And so ends her day."
No wonder that the cultured Englishwoman
found the women of America, although the
handsomest in the world, the least attractive,
if this was a fair sample of the occupations and
interests of a woman of wealth in a large city!
But of all the customs of the country, the
one to which she alludes oftenest and with great-
est repugnance is " the incessant and remorse-
less spitting of Americans." Alas, that this
should also be the one respect in which Amer-
ican manners can claim to have made the least
improvement! That men who profess to be
gentlemen — who are, in fact, gentlemen in
all other respects—can permit themselves the
indulgence of a habit so disgusting, is a matter
for continual surprise to the feminine mind.
Not only smokers and chewers, not only the ill-
bred, but refined and otherwise cleanly gentle-
men do still, in cars, at theatres and public
places, and even by the fireside, consider it per-
missible to indulge in so objectionable a prac-
tice; and it is almost the one direction in which
Mrs. Trollope could to-day note scarcely any
gain in propriety and decency.
Tobacco-chewing and whiskey-drinking must
certainly have been much more common then
than now, since Mrs. Trollope makes the sweep-
ing assertion that, except among literary men,
she never met any man who had escaped these
degrading habits. But, also, she never met a
literary man who had acquired these habits,—
which seems to indicate a greater distinction
between men of different pursuits than any now
existing. The native literature, however, did
not elicit much praise; the American reviews
contained some clear-headed articles, but they
were lacking in the playful vivacity and keenly-
cutting satire which, in that day of the reign
of "The Edinburgh" and » The Quarterly,"
was the standard of fine criticism. Neither in
the writings or conversation of Americans was
there any trace of that graceful familiarity of
learned allusion and general knowledge which
in Europe is to be heard in festive halls and
gay drawing-rooms, as certainly as in the clois-
tered library or student's quarters. Perhaps
even to-day there is room for the same criticism
and comparison with respect to conversation in
polite circles. This subtle tone of a cultured so-
ciety, which is as distant from pedantry as from
ignorance, is not learning itself, but the effect
of it. It is the last finish of highly finished soci-
ety, and the conditions are seldom encountered.
Mrs. Trollope was almost the first of the
tribe with which we have since become so fa-
miliar — the tribe of English travellers, who,
having spent a longer or shorter period in
America, go home to make a book out of their
"impressions." But, notwithstanding the lim-
itations of which we have already spoken, she
was better prepared than most of her succes-
sors have been. Her knowledge of the country
was gained by residence and personal contact;
she had spent almost as many years in the
United States as some of her followers have
spent months; she was not a literary lion like
Charles Dickens and Harriet Martineau ; and
for her, therefore, the people whom she met
were not her entertainers, and the society that
she found was not consciously on show. She
described what she saw with a woman's passion
for detail, with all a woman's keen appreciation
of personal description, and with a wealth of
anecdote and illustration carefully garnered in
the daily intercourse of nearly four years.
Gifted with a singularly vivacious and pungent
style, her book is still better worth reading than
many of the newer works on the same subject.
Anna B. McMahan.
The Old 1.ight on the New Path.»
A monumental work on the history of owner-
ship in primitive society comes from a woman,
Miss Edith J. Simcox. In two large volumes
of more than 1100 pages, she has presented, in
terse style and orderly arrangement, the results
of studies and researches that are almost ap-
* Primitive Civilizations; or, History of Ownership in
Archaic Communities. By E. J. Simcox. In two volumes.
New York: Mac mi 11 an & Co.


1894.]
377
THE
DIAL
palling in their magnitude. The author mod-
estly claims, in the preface to her work, that
its aim is simply " to enable the economic stu-
dent to utilize the crumbs that have fallen
already from the explorer's table." That eco-
nomic facts should have significance, it is neces-
sary that the student should know the society
from whose workings the facts are educed. We
have in these books a study of society as it ex-
isted in that great domestic race which early
reached civilization in Western Asia and in
Northern Africa, and which still exists, a
mighty power, in the Chinese Empire.
The work is a marvel of condensed state-
ment. In a review of reasonable length it is
impossible to discuss either subject or treat-
ment in any detail. At best we can only sketch
the outline pursued, and aim to suggest its
character and style. Miss Simcox starts from
the proposition:
"Egypt, Babylonia, and China are the three great
Mat* of archaic civilization, and the ancient history of
each is absolutely free from European influence. Two
of them are remarkable for the permanence as well as
for the antiquity of their national greatness; and all
hare left authentic records from which we are able to
reconstruct, to Some extent at least, the outline of their
social and industrial life, and to understand upon what
principles tbey regulated that portion of it which had
to do with possessions, or the instruments by which life
is maintained."
Recognizing thus the importance of the ma-
terial we possess for studying archaic civiliza-
tion among these three nations, our author
characterizes the people composing them:
"The nations belonging to the group of which Egypt
and China are representative are for the most part easy-
going, pleasure-loving, and pacific, somewhat anarchic,
in the strict sense of the word; that is to say, private life
in them is little controlled by government or legislation;
they are liberal in the sense that public opinion always
praised giving more than getting, and required a free
distribution of family property amongst the members
of the household and of the State among such members
of the State as were in need; and they were also very
strongly conservative, since all classes valued their life
just as it was, feeling and believing that any change at
any point must be a change for the worse. If we have
to find a single word to describe the points in which
these States resemble each other and differ from the
modern world, which traces its intellectual parentage
to Greece and Rome, it may be said that the civilization
of the great civilized States of antiquity was domestic,
and the civilization of the European States political."
To gain a clear idea of the economic condi-
tions of Ancient Egypt, Miss Simcox investi-
gates the governmental structure; the relation
of ruler and officials to the people; the condi-
tions of commerce and industry; class, religion,
and priesthood; and a wide range of kindred
subjects. Some curious and suggestive thoughts
are thus brought out.
"The reason that there was so little progressive ac-
cumulation of wealth in Egypt seems to have been that
each generation spent its own savings on its own tombs
and temples; and this habit of dedicating surplus income
to a comparatively disinterested, immaterial purpose
helped to keep the greed for accumulation at the tem-
perate point required for national security."
On the whole, we must believe that the old
Egyptians were a happy folk. "1 The little
people in the city are like the great ones,'-—
i. e., have leisure to take part both in religious
festivals and in the season's feasts." Honesty
seems to have been prevalent, and, "failing
other evidence, the solemn oath of an inter-
ested party was admitted even in support of
his own claim, and accepted as conclusive by
the other side." "They are certainly the first
of all the nations in the world to put on record
the existence, and their appreciation of the ex-
istence, of love in marriage." Woman was
her husband's equal, and had remarkable free-
dom of action. The Nile fertilized land was
ever-productive, and native ingenuity had de-
vised better irrigation systems than some which
modern science has constructed in that same
region. The ideas underlying such business
contracts as antechresis are more humane and
kind than those underlying our modern mort-
gages.
"The essence of an antichretic bargain is the exchange
of use. The capitalist does not lend his money at interest,
nor the landowner sell or let his land, but they exchange
their two possessions pro tern., the use of the money being
set against the use of the land. In this way the idea of
ownership as distinct from use grew up easily and nat-
urally, for the ownership might, and often did, continue
for generations to belong to one family, while its use
remained with another, without the right of the former,
to reclaim the land by repaying the money, lapsing."
Our author believes Egyptians, Babylonians,
and Chinese to be scattered fragments from
one primitive stock. Much of their character-
istic civilization was acquired before their sep-
aration. This went with them in their mi-
grations. In their new homes, with varying
conditions of life, further development went on
independently, but the common fundamental
portion lived on among all. Sumer, Akkad,
Babylonia, Assyria, show much in common
with Egypt, with much that is independent
and original. A wonderful trading people,
their weights and measures, the sexagesimal
counting, and their science, influenced pro-
foundly the ancient world. Their financial
operations and business transactions were of
the most varied kinds, and hundreds of their


378
[Dec. 16,
THE DIAL
records are preserved on clay tablets. We
may read contracts and agreements, records of
lawsuits, leases, mortgages, and gain a clear
notion of their legal ideas. Antichresis—sim-
ple, or complicated with other forms of con-
tract—is found here also, as in fact wherever
the domestic civilization was at home. As to
domestic life, it seems to have been much like
that of Egypt. Society was thoroughly devel-
oped, conservative, healthy. The people were
contented and happy.
"This framework [of society] had been so patiently
elaborated and coordinated, it was so elastic and at the
same time so full of resistance, that even a foreign mas-
ter found it more politic to preserve it and fall in with
its ways than to destroy it; he was content in most cases
to step into the place of the prince he had ousted. Af-
fairs then fell into their accustomed groove, as soon as
the conquest was complete; classes were reconstituted
on their old bases; property and people took up their
former conditions; the only difference lay in the fact
that a new group of privileged individuals shared the
wealth created by agricultural, industrial, and commer-
cial activity. The sovereign and his chief officers might
be of foreign race, but the social machine rolled on over
the same road and with the same wheels as before."
Our author presents evidence, drawn from
monuments and inscriptions, as well as from
curious survivals in modern culture, of the for-
mer existence of the ancient domestic civiliza-
tion over an area extending from Massalia to
Malabar. The Phoenicians, Carthaginians,
Etruscans, Lycians, Ehodians, Cretans, Spar-
tans, old Arabians, Indians, and others, are
either referred back to the old black-headed
race or shown to have been influenced by it.
Miss Simcox's second volume is devoted to
the Chinese. It is a thoughtful study of the
life and achievements of that mighty people,
tracing the gradual evolution of ideas regard-
ing property, society, and government. A na-
tion which has existed for four thousand years,
with authentic historical records for much of
that long period, has much to teach the world.
There are few problems in life but have pre-
sented themselves to these " black-heads," and
been solved to their satisfaction by them. In
the solution no class in society has been sacri-
ficed. Nowhere else is there so great a degree
of comfort for all; nowhere else is ideal society
so nearly reached. Not that they are social-
ists: every man seeks the best for himself, but
in the seeking never forgets the rights of oth-
ers. Property and labor have set values, and
to underbid or overcharge to gain a personal
advantage are equally reprobated. Opportu-
nity for rational enjoyment is within the reach
of all. Never warriors, seldom undertaking
great military enterprises, they conquer their
conquerors by civilizing and assimilating them.
Paternal affection and filial respect prevail.
Admiration for scholarship is universal, and a
chance to attain the highest position through
learning lies open to the meanest.
Confucius says the essentials of government
are "'Sufficiency of food, sufficiency of mili-
tary equipment, and the confidence of the peo-
ple in their ruler'; if one of these must be done
without, let it be the military equipment; if
two must be sacrificed, part with the food,
'from of old death has been the lot of all
men,' but the foundation of the State is in the
people's faith."
Proverbs give the best hints of a people's
inmost thought. A Chinese proverb runs:
"When swords are rusty and spades bright,
prisons empty and granaries full, the steps of
the temples covered with mud and the courts
of the tribunals filled with grass, doctors on
foot and bakers on horseback, when old men
and children abound, the empire is well gov-
erned."
The old black-headed race worked out the
first known civilization, first built) mighty cities,
invented writing, made the great discoveries,
solved the great problems of life, society, and
human relations. From its story we might
learn a lesson. That we should do things just
as it did is as unnecessary as that we should
try to compel its remaining fraction to do things
in our way. But to have its life brought before
us as Miss Simcox has presented it, may help
us; for that life has happily attained to many
of the best things for which we strive.
Frederick Starr.
Two Great "Virginians.*
It is not sheer accident that the two books
named below are treated in a single article.
They have many points in common besides the
fact that they both belong to the same series.
General Washington and General Lee were
both Virginians. They both belonged to the
social class that has mainly made the history
of the Old Dominion. Their families were
associated for several generations, and the two
men were related by ties of marriage. They
* General Washington. By General Bradley T. John-
son. (" Great Commanders " Series.) New York: D. Apple-
ton & Co.
General Lee. By General Fitzhugh Lee, his Cavalry
Commander. (" Great Commanders " Series.) New York:
D. Appleton & Co.


1894.]
379
THE
DIAL
had many intellectual and moral qualities in
common. The one was the military leader in
the first serious attempt to divide the English-
speaking world politically, and the other in
the only serious attempt to divide that world
still farther. This is no identification of the
causes for which the two men fought; nor is it
to say that Washington would have been called
a rebel if he had failed, and that Lee would
not have been so called had he succeeded. A
further point of contact is that the two books
are written by generals who won their titles in
the Confederate Army. The two authors are
further alike in this : that they make the chap-
ters relating to the ancestry of their heroes too
long; and in this: that they lose no opportun-
ity, Johnson as well as Lee, to say a good word
for the cause in which they once hazarded their
lives.
General Johnson approaches his subject with
the diffidence that is natural to a modest man
who attempts such a task, when he reflects that
"there are about five hundred biographies of
George Washington, original and translations,
published in almost every language of modern
times, as well as Greek and Latin versions of
them." Still, he plucks courage out of his be-
lief that his own biography is " the first at-
tempt to consider the military career of Wash-
ington, and to write his life as a soldier." On
the whole, it must be said that his attempt is
very successful. There are not lacking features
that deserve criticism. Ill sense of proportion
is shown in the undue compression of some
parts of the story, and the undue expansion of
other parts. We have a very good account of
Braddock's expedition ; but when the remnants
of that expedition are brought back to the set-
tlements, the writer passes immediately to the
treaty entered into at the close of the war, and
then adds to his chapter eight pages of mat-
ter, all of it more or less interesting, but some
of which should have made room for a rapid
sketch of the later fortunes of the struggle, thus
avoiding the abrupt transition experienced in
passing from 1755 to 1763. This may serve
as an illustration of the defective sense of pro-
portion that is sometimes shown. We are not
even told why Washington did not farther par-
ticipate in the war. But, all defects aside, the
author has made a careful study of his subject,
and shows a clear and strong grasp of the mili-
tary career and character of Washington, which
he also presents in a plain, sensible, and vigor-
ous style of composition. The book is a valuable
contribution to the literature of its subject.
General Fitzhugh Lee, as might be expected,
writes of his hero, not only con amore, but con
magna amore. To the high estimate in which
General Lee's abilities, character, and achieve-
ments are universally held, he adds the pride
of a nephew, of a Confederate soldier, and of
a Virginian. He dwells on his ancestry, re-
counts the story of his life down to the Civil
War, shows him to us as he stood deprecating
the act of secession but resolved " to go with his
State," and follows him through the four years'
struggle, and then to the close of his life. Only
a specialist could pronounce with confidence
on the military aspects of the work, point by
point; but, on the whole, it is an interesting
and valuable account of the great Confederate
commander, doing full justice to his intellec-
tual, moral, and professional character. Nearly
every page, however, bears witness that the
writer is less familiar with the pen than he is
reputed to be with the sword. Rhetorical in-
felicities abound, and grammatical errors occur.
He dedicates the book to the memory of " the
soldiers who fought and fell under the wave of
Robert E. Lee's sword," etc. Generally, the
narrative is clear and continuous; but when,
on the battle-field, the author sees " the red-
crested wave of assault," beholds battalions
"marching into the jaws of death" or re-
coiling from "the mouth of hell," and hears
the Southern guns "raining metallic tons " on
the Northern infantry, while the cavalry are
"stormed at with shot and shell," he becomes
confused in his story and grows lurid in lan-
guage. He has a habit of tagging out his sen-
tences with bits of striking quotation. Gettys-
burg was lost because Lee's orders were not
obeyed. The official head of the offender, how-
ever, did not "drop in the basket," owing to
Lee's " great heart, or habit of self-denying for
himself, self-suffering for others." The author
does not apparently think whether so great a
captain as he holds his hero to be would allow
himself to be governed by such considerations.
The last chapter, which is devoted to Lee's mil-
itary character, we cannot think very satisfac-
tory. Eminently worthy of being read is the
portion of the book that deals with General
Lee's connection with Washington and Lee
University. The facts stated in connection with
the trustees' tendering him the presidency,
and his acceptance of the office, show clearly
the financial condition of the institution at the
time and also the financial condition of the
whole Southern country at the close of the War.
B. A. Hinsdale.


380
[Dec. 16,
THE
DIAL
New Studies in American History.*
Mr. Goldwin Smith, in referring to Washington,
says: "His form, like all other forms of the Rev-
olution, has no doubt been seen through a golden
haze of panegyric." The statement suggests a
marked weakness in our methods of study of the
formative days of the republic. When a writer tries
to discuss ante-revolutionary times with cool consid-
eration, looking at each question raised with the eye
of the critic, there is a consciousness of uneasiness
on the part of the readers, who are impatient of
such methods in telling the life of people who have
been surrounded so long with this halo of glory.
Some of the suggestions of Professor Sumner in his
chapters on " Social Features before the Revolution"
in his little book on Alexander Hamilton, or of
William B. Weeden in his "Economic and Social
History of New England," certainly appeal with
strength to the iconoclast of modern scientific meth-
ods; but the heresy creates no end of comment
among those who have read only to glorify, and who
cannot be brought to the point of believing that
many of the heroic figures which loom so grandly
in the twilight of the century are but images of com-
mon clay. Americans have been trained to glorify,
to cherish the memory only of that which appeals
to the sentiment; and, as a consequence, catch-
phrases and high-sounding expressions have been
incorporated into our history, to the exclusion of
much that is fact. Putnam galloping down a hill,
or Lawrence crying " Don't give up the ship," or
Francis Marion eating sweet potatoes from off a
log, or Thomas J. Jackson standing like a stone-
wall,—these are the pictures we have been encour-
aged to preserve; while the great mass of mankind,
those who have had no fortune to make them par-
ticularly conspicuous, have been almost entirely for-
gotten. Mr. Greene, in his " Historical View of the
American Revolution," gives lists of the general
officers of the American army at various times dur-
ing the Revolutionary War. Here and there a
name attracts attention, but it is certainly true that
many of the commanders have been entirely for-
gotten; and if it were not for some enthusiastic de-
scendant, the achievements of a man like General
* The Life or Major General John Paterson. By
his Great-Grandson, Thomas Egleston. New York: G. P.
Putnam's Sons.
Roger Wiixiams, the Pioneer of Reijoious Liberty.
By Oscar S. Straus. New York: The Century Co.
The Making of the Ohio Valley States. By Samuel
Adams Drake. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
The Carolina Pirates and Colonial Commerce, 1670-
1740. By Shirley Carter Hughson. Baltimore: The Johns
Hopkins Press.
General Joseph Martin and the War of the Revo-
lution in the West. By Stephen B. Weeks. Washington:
Government Printing Office. 1
The Focndino of the Trans-Allegheny Common-
wealths. Volume III. of the "Winning of the West." By
Theodore Roosevelt. New York: G. P. Pntnam's Sons.
Arthur Lee as Seen in History. By Charles Henry
Lee. Richmond: Whittet & Shepperson.
John Paterson would pass entirely into oblivion.
There was real worth in a man of whom it could
be said upon a memorial tablet placed in the meet-
ing-house in Lenox:
"He graduated at Yale College in 1762, represented
Lenox in the Provincial Congress of 1774 and 1775,
raised a regiment on his return in 1775, and was one
of the first in the field with it after the battle of Lex-
ington. He crossed the Delaware with Washington,
and narrowly escaped death at Saratoga; he was at the
council of Monmouth in 1778, and fought in most of
the battles of the Revolution, serving during the whole
war, and was one of the founders of the society of the
Cincinnati. His love of country was unbounded, his
patriotism unflinching, and his public spirit untiring."
The life of General Paterson, written by his great-
grandson, tells many incidents of value to our early
history; and there would be wonder at the neglect
of so good a leader, if the "haze of panegyric"
were not remembered. If indices are to be trusted,
this general is mentioned neither by Bancroft nor
Hildreth. There are several chapters which will
be read more carefully than those that tell of the
military life of the hero, the one on Shay's Rebellion
being particularly valuable. Many features of social
life find mention; and despite the first impression,
that it is only an offering of family love, the book
will repay quite careful examination. It used to be
said that a colonial Virginian would go ten miles
any day to catch a horse to ride to town a mile dis-
tant. General Paterson was somewhat different in
temperament, apparently, because he used to walk
eighteen miles to court, when he was county judge,
rather than take the trouble to go to the pasture to
catch his horse. He did not have a lazy bone in
his six feet of frame, and seems to have been a good
type of the stalwart pioneer of early days.
If our historians have erred in allowing sentiment
to get the advantage of fact in many instances, they
just as certainly have been unfortunate in coloring
with prejudice their accounts of some early religious
troubles. It is results that tell; and when the in-
vasion of the Quakers, the anxiety about Ann
Hutchison, and the banishment of Roger Williams
are considered in the light of subsequent develop-
ments, the student is forced to take different views
than those that have prevailed so long, owing to the
provincialism of the New England makers of our
history. Mr. Straus shows Roger Williams in the
true historic setting. In his earlier production," The
Origin of Republican Form of Government," he had
declared of Roger Williams: "To him rightly be-
longs the immortal fame of having been the first
person in modern times to assert and maintain in
its fullest plenitude the absolute right of every man
to a 'full liberty in religious concernments,' and to
found a state wherein this doctrine was the keystone
of its organic laws." This thought, elaborated,
makes up Mr. Straus's new book, " Roger Williams,
the Pioneer of Religious Liberty." There is, of
necessity, a good deal of religious controversy in the
several chapters; but the author presents many very


1894.]
381
THE DIAL
interesting facts to support his thesis, and these
soften the asperities and make the volume readable
and suggestive. There are many words of praise
for the hero, but not too many. Unless one is very
much biased by former historic training, there will
be agreement with these two sentences:
"We call those great who have devoted their lives
to some noble cause, and have thereby influenced for
the better the course of events. Measured by that
standard, Roger Williams deserves a high niche in the
temple of fame, alongside of the greatest reformers who
mark epochs in the world's history."
"The Making of the Ohio Valley States " is the
fourth in the series of illustrated books in which Mr.
Samuel Adams Drake is telling the story of the de-
velopment of the United States. It follows the
lines laid down in the former numbers, discussing
subjects topically, and aiming to afford supplement-
ary material to teachers and other readers who de-
pend for the main facts upon ordinary school histo-
ries. The arrow-head upon the cover is typical of the
illustrations, which are very helpful in giving impres-
sions of the varied features of life in the early days.
The story is divided into three parts, descriptive of
"The Conquest of the West," "The Advance into
the West," and " The Progress of the West." The
familiar tales of pioneer life are presented in pleas-
ing form, and many matters to which it is not easy
to refer in the ordinarily accessible books are ex-
plained with sufficient clearness and completeness.
Mr. Drake is always entertaining, and even the dull
episodes of history reflect brighter colors when he
paints them. The motto of his series is, "Tell the
Truth." Romancers have filled our histories with
wonderful tales ; truth reveals many things stranger
than any fiction. For the class of readers intended
to be reached, there are no popular histories better
than these; because, by reference to authority, by
supplementary foot-note, by illustration from local
environment, Mr. Drake has stamped his narrative
with the certificate of truthfulness.
When Mr. Lodge, and other writers about Puri-
tan days, attempt to lessen the measure of oppro-
brium resting upon the people of Massachusetts for
their share in the witchcraft delusion, mention is
always made of the "pirates who had begun to in-
fest the coast and disturb commerce." The pirates
were everywhere in colonial times, the line of de-
markation between a privateer and a pirate, a
licensed fighter and a freebooter, being a very faint
one indeed. Mr. Hughson, in his account of "The
Carolina Pirates and Colonial Commerce," has made
an exhaustive study of the situation along the coasts
of the Carolinas, searching in many a nook and
corner for facts, and making an apparently trivial
part of American history seem quite important in
the light of his interesting narrative. He rightly
lays the blame for the existence of pirates upon the
Navigation Acts. When the mother country at-
tempted to compel the colonists to sell in a market
where competition was prevented, the temptation
was strong to cultivate the friendship of those who
dared to risk violation of the law for the sake of
possible gain. The conscience of the individual be-
came stilled in the presence of commercial interest;
and if a violator were caught and brought to trial,
it was more than likely that the solemn-faced jurors
who heard the testimony were themselves gainers
from the illegal trade. The richness of the Span-
ish trade proved another very strong temptation to
piracy, and there was little opposition to be feared
from the mother country, because the downfall of
Spanish supremacy on the sea meant the advance
of England. The pirates were free livers; they had
many ways of scattering their ill-gotten gains, and
public sentiment easily became corrupted, until
many were perfectly willing to support the bucca-
neers on the ground that piracy was a necessary
evil which might as well as not be made to pay trib-
ute to the community. Mr. Hughson offers us a
curious study, especially if one think of it in con-
nection with the words of Mr. Lecky, "The most
serious evil of the colonies was the number and the
force of the influences which were impelling large
classes to violence and anarchy, brutalizing them by
accustoming them to an unrestrained exercise of
power, and breaking down among them that salu-
tary respect for authority which lies at the root of
all true national greatness."
Piracy and smuggling Mr. Lecky regards as in-
fluences of this kind; and he classes with them the
corrupting power of slavery and with the treat-
ment of the Indians by the colonists. The stand-
point of the pioneers on the border was always
vastly different from that of those remote from the
presence of the redskins. In " General Joseph Mar-
tin and the War of the Revolution in the West,"
Professor Weeks tells the story of the fighting with
the Cherokees, who, instigated by the British, made
life a burden to the people of the Southwest. Gen-
eral Martin was especially skilled in Indian diplo-
macy, and rendered very effective service to the
American cause, quieting the savages on many oc-
casions when their added opposition would have
been disastrous, — as, for example, in the King's
Mountain campaign. Mr. Weeks gives a good ac-
count of the organization of the State of Franklin,
in which matter General Martin opposed Sevier
and the other so-called commonwealth-builders. He
was a sturdy upholder of the authority of the gov-
ernment at all times,—and only one versed in West-
ern lore can appreciate all that is meant by such a
statement. If, as George Washington used to de-
clare, Lord Dunmore made treaties with the In-
dians, in 1775, with the possibility of independence
of the colonies in mind, hoping in the wilderness
to set up obstacles in the way of the new govern-
ment, the work of a pioneer leader like Martin is
to be more praised, when tested by the true rule of
results. A man six feet in height, weighing over
two hundred pounds, never sick in his life, he was
a type of the hardy pioneer, to whose indomitable
perseverance and unflinching bravery the United
States owes so much.


382
[Dec. 16,
THE DIAL
For the adequate tribute to these pioneers, mate-
rial is being gathered by many hands. Their study
is in more than one way peculiar. There was a
restlessness about them which made them impatient
of restraint; they were men of great strength, of
will as well as of sinew; they feared no foe; they
were absolutely essential to the winning of the West.
Mr. Theodore Roosevelt has few equals in delineat-
ing their character. His volume on "The Found-
ing of the Trans-Allegheny Commonwealths" covers
the seven years immediately following the Revolu-
tion. Many people are inclined to put so much into
the idea of "manifest destiny" that they have ex-
treme difficulty in understanding writers who show
how the West had to be won. Writing to Benja-
min Harrison in 1784, Washington declared his be-
lief that "The Western States stand, as it were,
upon a pivot. The touch of a feather would turn
them any way." Jefferson saw the same thing,
when he informed Madison, in 1787: "When we
consider the temper of the people of that country,
derived from the circumstances which surround
them, we must suppose their separation possible at
every moment." Mr. Roosevelt shows us what these
circumstances were.
"North and south of the valley lay warlike and pow-
erful Indian confederacies, now thoroughly alarmed and
angered by the white advance; while behind these war-
rior tribes, urging them to hostility, and furnishing
them the weapons and means wherewith to fight, stood
the representatives of two great European nations, both
bitterly hostile to the new America, and both anxious to
help in every way the red savages who strove to stem
the tide of settlement."
There were three tasks to be done by the winners
of the West, tasks to be accomplished under pain of
utter failure.
"It was their duty to invade and tame the shaggy
wilderness; to drive back the Indians and their Euro-
pean allies; and to erect free governments which should
form parts of the indissoluble Union."
In showing how these three results were brought
about, Mr. Roosevelt deals with the important ques-
tions connected with the inrush of settlers, the In-
dian wars, the navigation of the Mississippi, the
state of Franklin, the development of Kentucky,
the organization and settlement of the Northwest
Territory, and the Indian troubles in the South-
west. One has difficulty in commenting where there
is so much good, but there certainly is a great deal
of value to be attached to the characterizations of
the pioneers who came into the West in such num-
bers after the Revolution,— at first the hunter-
trapper; then the hunter-settler, who soon became
cramped for room as population increased, and so
moved on to a more remote part; then the perma-
nent pioneer, who came resolved to stay and make
a home; and, here and there, a fourth class, com-
posed of sons of prominent families, the gentry of
the new territory. These pioneers were not gifted
with much learning of the books, but they spoke
with authority. One wrote to the Indians:
"Yon will compell ous to retaliate, which will be a
grate pridgedes to your nation."
"He did not spell well," remarks our author, " but
his meaning was plain, and his hand was known to
be heavy."
The British come in for well-deserved criticism for
their holding of the Western posts so long, and for
the part they played in trying to check the advance
of civilization, the sinister influence of the fur-trade
being again brought to notice. The importance of
the waterways is clearly shown, the navigation ques-
tion, with its various accompanying schemes, being
fully discussed. The reader rather enjoys the clear
statement of the truth about General James Wilkin-
son, who usually has had the good fortune to get off
too easily, when handled by our writers.
"In character he can only be compared to Benedict
Arnold, though he entirely lacked Arnold's ability and
brilliant courage. He had no conscience and no scruples;
he had not the slightest idea of the meaning of the word
honor; he betrayed his trust from the basest motives,
and he was too inefficient to make his betrayal effective.
He was treacherous to the Union while it was being
formed and after it had been formed; and his crime
was aggravated by the sordid meanness of his motives,
for he eagerly sought opportunities to barter his own
infamy for money. In all our history there is no more
despicable character."
There is enough of the romantic in the stories which
are scattered through Mr. Roosevelt's volume to
keep up the interest of the careless reader; while
the clear statements about controverted questions
of our Western history will attract the student, who
is sometimes bewildered, as he tries to work his way
through the labyrinth, confused by the persuasive-
ness of the descendant of this hero or that, who
would keep him from the silken thread that would
lead him to the centre of the maze.
A vindication of anyone has few charms to Amer-
ican readers. Truth cannot easily overtake a lie,
and popular biographers have a great influence in
creating general impressions. Mr. Charles Henry
Lee, the author of " Arthur Lee as seen in History,"
had therefore an unpleasant task in undertaking to
refute certain charges made by influential writers
against a member of his distinguished family. It
was unfortunate that Lee did not get along with
Franklin, for the position of our ministers abroad
during the Revolution at best was anything but
enviable. The strictest harmony would have been
desirable. Mr. Lee endeavors, by quoting from
official documents and extensive correspondence, to
show that the career of Arthur Lee was creditable
to himself and to the government, and that after
his return home he remained a distinguished and
trusted citizen of the Old Dominion.
With one exception, each of the books that have
been mentioned deals in some way with the Revo-
lution, thus calling our attention again to the many-
sided nature of that great struggle for American
independence. _ _ _,
Fkaxcis W. Shepabdson.


1894.]
383
THE
DIAL
Holiday Publications.
n.
Resuming, and concluding, our necessarily gen-
eral survey of the current Holiday Publications, we
may begin with a notably elegant and artistic publica-
tion—Messrs. Longmans, Green, & Co.'s quarto vol-
ume containing twelve favorite " Border Ballads,"
illustrated with twelve etchings by C. 0. Murray,
and prefaced with an Introductory Essay by (why
say it?) Mr. Andrew Lang. Mr. Murray's designs
are equally well conceived and executed, showing
a finish and feeling, and a conscientious effort to
catch and render the finer spirit and distinctive
aroma of the Beveral pieces, that lift them out of
the level of ordinary book-illustration. While every
ballad-lover will necessarily miss in the present col-
lection a prime personal favorite or two, the selec-
tions are well made, and are fairly representative
of the more serious and romantic order of ballads.
Mr. Lang's Introduction is sober, pithy, and to the
point. He has treated his subject from the anti-
quarian and historical side, abstaining from "sign-
post criticism," and judiciously leaving to the artist
the pictorial aspects of the text.
Another notable art-book is Messrs. Porter &
Coates's new two-volume edition of Miss Zimmern's
translation of De Amicis's "Holland." The pic-
torial feature of the work is forty-four full-page
photogravures, after views taken in Holland espe-
cially for it by Dr. Charles L. Mitchell, who has,
as usual, shown no less skill with his camera than
taste in his choice of subjects. The volumes are
finely bound in red cloth stamped with the national
tulip, and each is encased in a stout slip-cover. An
excellent map is a feature for which careful readers
will be truly thankful. De Amicis's work is one of
the most fascinating books of travel ever written,
and as a familiar pen-picture of Holland and the
Hollanders of to-day it has no peer in any language.
Apart from its literary charm, it may serve as a
larger guide-book; and, in short, no judicious trav-
eller nowadays visits Holland without first resorting
to De Amicis. The one thing lacking in the pres-
ent edition is an index.
A work that will doubtless prove a favorite with
seekers of the more substantial and elegant gift-
books is Canon Farrar's fine volume on " The Life
of Christ as Represented in Art" (Macmillan).
The scope and aim of the work are well indicated
in the title. Canon Farrar disclaims in his preface
the intention of intruding "upon the functions of
the art critic," or even of attempting an art history,
in the stricter sense of the term. "This book has
not," he says, " been written from love of art, deep
as my love of art is, but because I wished to illus-
trate the thoughts about religion, and especially
about our Saviour Jesus Christ, of which art has
eternized the ever-varying phases." Touching his
theme but secondarily on its technical and purely
aesthetic sides, the author has regarded the works
of Christian art mainly as spiritual documents which
show the religious tone and attitude of different
periods, and indicate the great phases of religious
thought which have changed and are changing from
age to age. At the same time, Canon Farrar shows
himself deeply penetrated with a sense of the beauty
and majesty of the masterpieces he describes, and
of the gifts and acquirements of their makers; and
his readers will not fail to find their own art en-
thusiasms and appreciations enhanced and refined
by his eloquent pages. The examples are drawn
largely from the great Italian works of the four-
teenth and fifteenth centuries—the Dutch, German,
and Flemish schools being referred to less frequently,
and the Spanish painters, except Velasquez, scarcely
at all. The volume, a large, beautifully printed
octavo, is profusely and artistically illustrated with
one hundred and sixty engravings in the text and
twenty-three full-page plates, thus presenting a com-
plete pictorial history of the changing conceptions
of Christ and of the central incidents in his life.
Lovers of athletics (and their name is now legion
in America) will find their special holiday account
in Mr. Caspar W. Whitney's liberally-illustrated
volume, " A Sporting Pilgrimage" (Harper). Mr.
Whitney went to England, the athlete's Mecca, ex-
pressly to watch the Britisher at play on his own
soil, study his sporting systems and traditions, and
report thereupon for the behoof of ambitious ama-
teurs at home. The present volume — the text of
which has already, we think, appeared serially in
"Harper's Magazine" and " Harper's Weekly "—
is the literary outcome of the trip. Mr. Whitney
seems to have seen in England about everything
worth seeing in the line of out-door sports — hunt-
ing, golf, cycling, university and club rowing, track
athletics, football, cricket, etc.; and he describes
what he saw with the zest of an enthusiast and
the point and clearness of an expert. Touching
the prevalence of the sporting spirit in England,
Mr. Whitney quotes the following curious challenge
from the advertisement columns of a London daily
paper: "Mr. Furniss will sing a linnet against a
linnet, one in the mouth, an home-and-home race,
for £2 a side. A match can be made by calling at
the Elephant and Castle, Orchard Street, Westmin-
ster, any evening after eight P.M." The publishers
have made the volume a very attractive one artist-
ically and mechanically.
We shall congratulate in advance those who shall
find among their holiday gifts the two bound vol-
umes now ready of " European Architecture" (Chi-
cago: Smith & Packard), a really artistic monthly
publication of ten photogravure illustrations, that
bids fair to become as well known to cultivated peo-
ple generally as it already is to professional archi-
tects. The views in the present volumes are drawn
almost entirely from France and Italy; and for
prospective tourists to those countries they form the
best possible pictorial preparative for an intelligent
enjoyment of their architectural treasures. Profes-


384
[Dec. 16,
THE
DIAL
sional taste and judgment have, of course, been em-
ployed in the choice of subjects; and these comprise
a great variety of buildings and sections of build-
ings, interiors and exteriors, fine facades, doorways,
capitals, and architectural details generally, tombs,
monuments, bas-reliefs, wrought-iron work, etc. Col-
lectors of this class of foreign photographs will thank
the present publishers for a royal road, easy, short,
and comparatively inexpensive, to the object of their
desires. The plates, each about 7x9, are finely
printed on 9^x12 bond paper, and bound in soft
covers. A stout tied portfolio encloses both volumes,
making an ensemble at once elegant and convenient,
and suitable for library or parlor.
Hilda Gamlin's "Life and Art of George Rom-
ney" ( Macmillan) is an interesting account of that
admirable artist, of whom little has been generally
known hitherto, save that he was a contemporary
of Reynolds, and once bade fair to share the honors
of the town with that prince of portrait painters.
"There are," said Lord Chancellor Thurlow, "two
factions in art, and I am of the Romney faction."
Strange to say, Sir Joshua, who, as Johnson said,
"hated no one living," seems to have at least dis-
liked Romney. He used to speak of him slightingly
as "the man in Cavendish square "— though prob-
ably this only recorded lapse of a courtesy that
was proof even against Johnson's bearishness was
really due not so much to personal jealousy as
to Romney's persistent refusal to exhibit at the
Royal Academy. In one respect Romney had an
undeniable advantage over his great rival, and over
Gainsborough: in the durability of his pigments.
Sir Joshua's "flying colors " were proverbial in his
own day; and a hundred years ago it was com-
plained that he made his pictures die before the
sitter. "Reynolds filled the halls of England,"
says Mr. Ruskin, "with the ghosts of her noble
Squires and Dames,"—but, alas! one may add,
they are now too many of them the ghosts of ghosts.
Romney's colors, on the contrary, seem as fresh and
solid to-day as when they were laid on; and that he
was not hopelessly behind Reynolds in grace and
invention, in the art of making his portraits true
pictures as well as mere likenesses, is attested by
the many charming plates in the present volume.
Miss Gamlin's book is a timely one. There is just
now a revival of Romney's popularity; and we learn
that at a recent exhibition at the Grafton Gallery
of portraits of fair women there were twenty-one
of his canvasses, against nineteen of Sir Joshua's.
Again, as in their own day, is London divided on
the question of their rival merits, the scales of pop-
ularity being pretty evenly balanced. The volume
is produced in fairly good shape, and the eighteen
full-page illustrations lend it the conventional hol-
iday flavor.
It is surprising that so piquant and tempting a
book as the " Memoirs of the Duchesse de Gon-
taut" should have so long escaped the translators.
The French original was published in 1853; and
the first English version is now issued in two rather
elaborate volumes by Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co.
Mme. de Gontaut's reminiscences range from the clos-
ing days of the old rigime, through the revolutionary
and Napoleonic eras and the first and second res-
torations, to the reign of Louis Philippe. Born in
1773, she saw as a child the waning splendors of
Old France quenched in the chaos that heralded
the drama of the Terror — the courtly gayeties of
Versailles merging with startling swiftness in her
earlier memories into the mad carmagnoles and
orgies of revolutionary Paris. "Les aristocrates h la
lanierne!" was a familiar and terrifying cry in her
childish ears; and she recalls, as some grim night-
mare, the raging mobs from the Faubourg Saint
Antoine pouring through the Paris streets, shouting,
dancing, and singing, reeking with blood and wine,
the men disguised as nuns, the women as Capuchin
monks, "loaded with booty, and in a state of ex-
citement and intoxication frightful to witness." In
1792 Mme. de Gontaut's parents joined the ranks
of the 6migr6s, and she accompanied them to Hol-
land, and, a year later, to England, where they re-
mained until the first restoration. After the acces-
sion of Louis XVIII. she was appointed governess
to the royal children; and from that time up to
1836, where the Memoir closes, she was in close
touch with the reigning family and its immediate
entourage. The book is entertaining throughout,
light, pleasantly discursive — the retrospect of a
bright and cheery old lady of eighty, who has seen
the great world and been of it, and yields to the
entreaties of her friends to tell the story of her long
and eventful life. "One can hardly be expected,"
says Mme. de Gontaut, "to write well at eighty."
Certainly not so well, the reader is likely to add, as
Mme. de Gontaut has written. The publishers have
issued the work in good shape, and the twelve por-
traits are attractive and interesting.
Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons publish, in form
generally similar to their small folio editions of
"Marse Chan " and " Meh Lady," Mr. Thomas Nel-
son Page's " Polly," with six illustrations by A. Cas-
taigne. "Polly" is a sentimental tale of rural life
in Virginia "befo' the wah," a literary province in
which the author reigns supreme. The story has the
usual local flavor of mint juleps, bluster, " darkey"
dialect, pinchbeck chivalry, and the Old Dominion
generally, and Mr. Page paints his characters with
a fidelity that makes one wonder the more at his
predilection for their uncouth and unlovely proto-
types. Mr. Castaigne's drawings range from fair
to indifferent.
The drift of Mr. Horace E. Scudder's little book,
"Childhood in Literature and Art" (Houghton),
is manifest in the title. Beginning with the classic
prototypes Astyanax and the young Ascanius, Mr.
Scudder traces the long line of childish figures in
the art and letters of different times and peoples,
down to the Paul Dombeys and little Pearls of our
own day. The theme is gracefully treated; and Mr.


1894.]
385
THE
DIAL
Scudder adds some useful observations on literature
for children—a topic on which he is specially qual-
ified to speak.
"Hoofs, Claws, and Antlers" (Frank S. Thayer,
Denver) is the sufficiently striking title of a novel
and interesting publication which is throughout a
product of the Far West, and a very creditable one.
The book, a flat quarto, full gilt, printed on thin
boards, contains thirty-six large half-tone pictures
of wild game in their native haunts, reproduced
from photographs taken by Mr. and Mrs. A. 6.
Wallihan. The unique merit of these plates lies in
the fact that the creatures are shown each in its
normal state and habitat; Mr. "Wallihan, in taking
his " snap shots " simply substituting the Kodak for
the deadly Winchester. The following account of
one of his minor photographic "bags" may serve
to indicate his modus operandi in securing the neg-
atives (at best a most ticklish undertaking), as well
as the peculiar value of the finished results. "I had,"
says Mr. Wallihan, "waited long and patiently one
morning, when i saw the gleam of the sun on a pair
of horns through the cedars. With nerves all of a
tremor I waited to see if he (the deer) would keep
on the trail he was on, which passed about sixty
feet from me; but no — he turns directly toward
me and comes panting down the trail until within
sixty feet, when I bleated like a fawn, at which he
instantly stopped, with his mouth wide open, as he
had evidently been running and was very fat. The
click of my shutter told me that I had his shadow
hard and fast, so when he had looked and I had
admired him as much as I liked, I moved my hand
and he was gone—almost like magic." The picto-
rial result of this operation is a really noble bit of
realism. At the foot of a gentle declivity, ridged
with rocks and scrubby cedars, stands the stag with
upthrown head and branching antlers, alert, startled,
snuffing danger and quivering with sudden alarm
—a true lord of the glen. Landseer or Rosa Bon-
heur never chose a finer motif. Other plates show
us as in a mirror picturesque groups of deer, ante-
lope, and bison, Rocky Mountain goats, many of
them taken near at hand, a treed cougar, a brace of
bears foraging in a berry-patch, a bull elk, a lone
coyote "out for a breakfast," a colony of prairie-
dogs and owls, a monstrous rattlesnake coiled and
ready to strike, etc., the realism of each picture be-
ing enhanced by the stretch of wild Colorado scenery
which forms its setting. The book contains portraits
of Mr. and Mrs. Wallihan, together with their own
brief and modest account of their lives, and of the
way in which some of the more notable negatives
were obtained. Mr. Theodore Roosevelt furnishes a
warmly commendatory preface; and we join him
in wishing so fresh and informing a work the suc-
cess it deserves.
The elaborate and cumbersome edition of John
Anster's metrical translation of Part I. of Goethe's
"Faust," with illustrations by Mr. Frank M. Greg-
ory and an introduction by Burdett Mason, first
issued in 1888, is now reprinted, with some changes,
in a convenient octavo by Messrs. Dodd, Mead &
Co. All of Mr. Gregory's main designs, thirty-
eight in number, are given, considerably reduced,
in the new edition — the original eighteen colored
aquarelles being replaced by tinted photogravures.
The text is clearly printed on moderately-glazed
paper, and the volume altogether makes a good ap-
pearance. Dr. Anster's version is one of the good
ones — that of the Second Part almost the best ex-
tant. Some of Mr. Gregory's drawings, notably
the frontispiece and "The Fountain," are graceful
and pretty; but he is, on the whole, plainly over-
weighted with his theme.
A beautiful and instructive art-work that should
find especial favor with holiday buyers is "Raphael's
Madonnas" (Macmillan), by Karl Karoly, author
of "A Guide to the Paintings of Florence." The
pictorial features of the work comprise fifty-three
illustrations, including nine photogravures, after
Raphael; and these have been in all cases made
directly from the paintings themselves, and not
from reproductions. Each plate is concisely de-
scribed and characterized, and the author has added
a brief life of Raphael and an index to his works.
An attractive little volume of " Old English Songs"
("old but choicely good," as Walton said), illus-
trated with much humor by Hugh Thomson, is issued
by Messrs. Macmillan & Co. Each verse is printed
by itself, and is faced by the illustration it suggests.
There are ten titles, including "Coridon's Song"
and "The Angler's Song" from "The Complete
Angler," " Come Sweet Lass," " A Journey to Exe-
ter," "Sir Dilberry Diddle," etc.; and Mr. Austin
Dobson furnishes an introduction, which he felici-
tously describes as "somewhat invertebrate and
inconclusive."
"A Girl I Know" (Knight) appears at first sight
a book of verses and illustrative drawings of the con-
ventional type. But closer examination reveals the
fact that the pictures are not fanciful sketches, but
photogravure reproductions from actual negatives,
made by Mrs. N. Gray Bartlett. They all repre-
sent the same maiden, but her surroundings are
widely varied, and show many aspects of rural life.
Mrs. Bartlett's standing as an amateur photog-
rapher is a sufficient warrant for the taste displayed
in pose and setting, and the result is, in many cases,
strikingly artistic. As for the verses by Miss Marian
L. Wyatt, they are evidently written up to the pic-
tures, and will serve, although in no way remarkable.
The new six-volume edition of the novels of Susan
Edmonstone Ferrier is a welcome addition to the
series of exquisite reprints sent to us from time to
time by Messrs. J. M. Dent & Co. Mr. R. Brim-
ley Johnson writes the introduction, and Miss Nelly
Ericksen prepares the drawings, reproduced in pho-
togravure, three to a volume. A group of Miss
Ferrier's letters acceptably supplements the bio-
graphical and critical introductory matter. Thus
equipped for a fresh career, these novels of the lesser


386
[Dec. 16,
THE
DIAL
Jane Austen ought to take a fresh lease of life, and
they are, on the whole, worth the pains that have
been taken, by publishers, editor, and artist, to make
them attractive. "Marriage," " Destiny," and " The
Inheritance " are the titles.
Our readers are already sufficiently familiar with
the form and merits of Messrs. Little, Brown, &
Co.'s excellent Library Edition of Victor Hugo's
Romances, which now reaches an opportune con-
clusion with two new volumes—" Hans of Iceland,"
and "' Bug-Jargal,' 'Claude Gueux,' and 'The
Last Day of a Condemned.'" Thus complete, the
set will commend itself to seekers of the more sub-
stantial and standard class of holiday gifts.
We have previously referred to the completion
of the "Ariel" Shakespeare (Putnam), in forty
volumes, but should add that it is published not only
in the full-leather style of our description, but also
in garnet cloth, at a very moderate price. In the
latter form it closely resembles the "Temple"
Shakespeare (Macmillan), to the nine volumes of
which already mentioned there are now added two
others—"As You Like It" and "The Taming of
the Shrew." Either of these editions would make
a holiday gift of the most acceptable sort.
Few as have been the books issued by Mr. Thomas
B. Mosher, they have been so artistically planned
and so distinctive in their individuality as to win
for their publisher a warm place in the affections
of the book-lover. Not long ago we had occasion
to praise the two new volumes of the "Bibelot"
series, and we now have occasion to give thanks for
a still choicer gift—the sonnet-sequence of Mr. Rob-
ert Bridges on " The Growth of Love." Practically
inaccessible hitherto (only one hundred copies hav-
ing been privately issued from Mr. Daniel's Oxford
press), the four hundred copies of Mr. Mosher's ex-
quisite reprint quintuple at one stroke the poet's
audience. An essay on the poetry of Mr. Bridges,
by that rising English critic Mr. Lionel Johnson,
here serves as an introduction, and is reprinted
from the "Century Guild Hobby Horse" of Octo-
ber, 1891. We may also, in this connection, refer
readers wishing further critical aid to Professor
Dowden's appreciation of the poet in "The Fort-
nightly Review " of last July. The reprint now be-
fore us is uniform in style with Mr. George Mere-
dith's " Modern Love" and Thomson's "The City
of Dreadful Night," for the latter of which volumes
we expressed our gratitude nearly two years ago.
A person of scholarly and artistic tastes com-
bined would find gratification in the volume, at once
substantial and elegant, entitled "Life in Ancient
Egypt" (Macmillan), a translation, by Helen Mary
Tirard, of Adolf Erman's "./Egypten." The need
of a popular yet accurate and fairly comprehensive
work on the manners and customs of the ancient
Egyptians has long been felt by English readers;
and the present volume supplies it. Herr Erman
confines himself to the historical periods known as
the Old, the Middle, and the New Empires, draw-
ing freely upon Lepsius's " Denkmaler" and "The
London Select Papyri " for his text, and upon Wil-
kinson's " Manners and Customs," the " Denkmaler,"
and Perrot-Chipiez's " L'Histoire de L'Art," for his
illustrations. Of the latter, there are four hundred
cuts set in the text and eleven full-page plates; and
these, studied in connection with the animated and
minutely-graphic narrative, serve to convey a good
impression of the way the ancient Egyptian, of
whatever degree or occupation, pursued his daily
round. Herr Erman informs his English readers
that while certain alterations might be wrought into
his work to bring it into nicer accord with the re-
sults of later research, he feels that such changes
would only affect details, and not the general scope
of Ids book. Students of special topics of Egypt-
ology will of course need to consult special text-
books; but for readers who desire to pursue the
study as a branch of general culture, Herr Erman's
work should prove all-sufficient. There is a good
map, an abundance of notes and references, and an
index; and the volume altogether is an excellent
piece of book-making. The scholarly work of the
translator calls for special praise.
Those who desire to gain a good general knowl-
edge of astronomy without going too deeply into the
science will find in Mr. J. Ellard Gore's translation
of M. Camille Flammarion's " Popular Astronomy"
(Appleton) a work precisely suited to their needs.
It is handsomely produced, and liberally, and with
one or two exceptions satisfactorily, illustrated. M.
Flammarion is the most popular scientific writer in
France, and no fewer than a hundred thousand
copies of the present work have been sold there. The
book gained the Montyon prize of the French Acad-
emy, and it has been selected by the Minister of
Education for use in the public libraries — a good
test of its suitability for popular reading. Mr. Gore's
translation is as idiomatic as it was possible to make
it without sacrificing accuracy, and he has added
notes as to recent researches and discoveries, which
fairly bring the text up to date.
Mr. J. Hampden Porter's "Wild Beasts" (Scrib-
ner) presents in separate chapters, with a photo-
graphic plate in each, studies of the characters and
habits of the elephant, lion, leopard, panther, jaguar,
tiger, puma, wolf, and grizzly bear. Mr. Porter is
well up in the literature of his subject, and he has
made a good and readable compilation of facts in
natural history, hunting stories, illustrative anec-
dotes, etc.
Hair, as Thomas Howell observes, "is but an
excrementitious thing." It has been, nevertheless,
a prime object of female solicitude from the re-
motest ages; and the late Mr. Theodore Child, in
bis treatise on the coiffure," Wimples and Crisping
Pins" (Harper), places hair-dressing at the head
of the decorative arts, "inasmuch as its function is
to adorn the most perfect of nature's works, the
head of woman." Mr. Child disclaims in his pre-
face any notion of competing with the technical


1894.]
387
THE DIAL
treatises of practical professors of this great art.
He is simply the gentleman amateur who has made
a study, from the outside, of its history and chef-
d'ceuvres; and he writes with the "special object
of calling attention to the wealth of example and
suggestion contained in the paintings and sculptures
of past ages, and of thus setting forth indirectly
the principles and conditions upon which beautiful
coiffure and ornament depend." With this view,
he has studied (from the hair-dresser's standpoint)
the bas-reliefs, statues, and pictures of different
times and countries — ancient Egypt, Asia, classic
Greece and Rome, mediaeval Florence and Venice,
the Eighteenth Century, etc. The text is liberally
strewn with illustrations from these sources; and
these offer a rich variety of suggestions as to the
arrangement of the hair and its ornamentation,
which ladies of an adaptive turn might put to good
account.
"A Hilltop Summer" (Lee & Shepard) is the
collective title of a sheaf of clever newspaper
sketches of village life, by Alyn Yates Keith, re-
printed from the New York " Evening Post." Hill-
top is a very out-of-the-way place indeed; and the
author seems to have been the first "summer
boarder" to exploit its bucolic attractions, set the
tongues of its gossips a-wagging, and startle its
sleepy little postoffice out of the rural repose of
a-letter-a-week into the metropolitan activity of a
letter daily. The papers show a pleasant vein of
humor, and a touch of literary quality that warrants
their appearance between covers. The text is in-
dented with a number of pretty vignettes.
Messrs. T. Y. Crowell & Co.'s modest and tasteful
volume of " Faber's Hymns " contains about all this
favorite religious poet's noteworthy pieces. The
hymns are established favorites of the whole Chris-
tian world without distinction of sect; and the pres-
ent collection is a representative one. There are
fifty illustrations, of varying degrees of merit, by
Mr. L. J. Bridgman, and a biographical sketch by
Mr. N. H. Dole. The cover of white and gold is
especially attractive and delicate.
Tennyson's "Becket" is published by Messrs.
Dodd, Mead & Co. in a rather showy duodecimo
volume, with a cover of pale green cloth richly
stamped with episcopal emblems. The text is clearly
printed on rather thick glazed paper, and there are
a number of clever drawings and decorations in
wash, by Mr. F. C. Gordon. The same publishers
issue in four tiny volumes, boxed together, Paul
Heyse's ever-popular ghost tales, "The House of
the Unbelieving Thomas," " Mid-Day Magic," "The
Fair Abigail," and "The Forest Laugh." The
translator is Frances A. Van Santford, and the illus-
trator is Alice C. Morse. The little set makes a
tempting show and should not go begging.
An attractive little book for young readers or old
is "The Fables of -3Ssop" (Macmillan), selected,
re-worded, and historically traced by Joseph Jacobs,
and illustrated by Joseph Heigh way. It is pretty
difficult to say just what are and what are not the
fables of JSsop—almost all the fables that have ap-
peared in the Western world having at one time or
another found shelter under the shadow of that am-
ple name. Indeed, the great fabulist himself is so
spectral a personality that one might almost be for-
given for holding, in respect to him, the shocking
heresy of Mrs. Betsy Prig. Among the apologues
attributed to him, however, a certain number stand
out as the most telling and familiar; and these Mr.
Jacobs has brought together in the present volume,
re-wording them as compactly and pointedly as pos-
sible, and tacking to the end of each its appropriate
moral. A short history of the iEsopic fable is pre-
fixed to the volume, and there are abundant notes.
The volume is a pretty one outwardly, and Mr.
Heighway's drawings are strong, bold, and quaintly
humorous.
Scottish sympathies, American sympathies, and
Scottish-American sympathies will equally find their
poetical account in the pretty and freely illustrated
volume of "Wayside Poems" (Harper), by that
pleasant versifier, Mr. Wallace Bruce. Mr. Bruce
is already known to readers on both sides of the
Atlantic through his "Old Homestead Poems," a
work that will doubtless pave the way to popularity
for its successor. Mr. Bruce's themes are mostly fa-
miliar, his sentiment rings true, and his numbers
are easy and fluent. Many of the pieces in the pres-
ent collection were inspired by the incidents and as-
sociations of the author's consular life at Edinburgh,
others are born of home memories, and several are
occasional poems, a style of composition at which
Mr. Bruce is unusually happy.
Messrs. T. Y. Crowell & Co. add Byron's "Childe
Harold" to their pretty and convenient series of
"Handy Volume Classics." The little volume, with
its daintily-tinted title-page and numerous photo-
gravure views of scenes mentioned in the poem,
makes a suitable yet very inexpensive gift-book.
Messrs. Fords, Howard & Hulbert re-issue, in a
cloth cover and with an added feature in the shape
of a photographic print of the Sistine Madonna, their
last year's booklet entitled "The Sistine Madonna, a
Christmas Meditation," by the Rev. Amory H. Brad-
ford. Dr. Bradford treats his theme from the usual
clerical standpoint, shedding about it a cloud of pious
sentiment, and reading into Raphael's canvas hidden
meanings and symbolisms which that simple and
sensuous painter who marks the dawn of simple and
sensuous art would have been the last of his day to
attempt. Raphael, a true child of the Renascence,
was no painter of theological riddles—but one need
not look for sober art criticism in a popular Sunday
evening lecture, which Dr. Bradford's work origin-
ally was.
The first shelf edition, we think, of Eric Mackay's
"Love Letters of a Violinist" is issued in attractive
form by Brentano's. Mr. Fagan's illustrations are
pretty, but show at times a lack of refinement—which
is a pity, as the book is a very comely one generally.


388
[Dec 16,
THE
DIAL
Books for the Young.
n.
A vigorous search among the girls' books of this sea-
son yields but little substantial reward. In place of
subjects to nourish the growing mind, girls are given
soporific doses of everyday romance, or mixtures of so-
cial reforms and emotional sensations whose entire com-
position is faulty. A few lessons in courtesy are doubt-
less desirable; but they might be interwoven with more
heroic warp, and real vigor of treatment made the rule
rather than the exception.
A bevy of clever but conventional girls and their ex-
periences at an exclusive boarding-school occupy Miss
Nora Perry in her first long story for girls, " Hope Ben-
ham " (Little, Brown & Co.). Some good lessons in self-
control, and in the art — sufficiently rare among young
girls—of maintaining silence as to the faults of others,
are pleasantly inculcated; but the social ostracism of
one high-spirited girl who was guilty of flirting, seems
a somewhat severe climax for the book. Miss Perry's
girls are refined to the point of being over-nice, and
they analyze themselves too closely.
In "Another Girl's Experience" (Roberts), Mrs.
Leigh Webster tells the story of a minister's fledgling,
who, leaving the home-nest, ventures on a career as
companion to a New York woman, wealthy but eccen-
tric. The fledgling has her wings clipped all too soon;
and after various mortifying and even tragic experiences,
she is only too glad to return (with thirty dollars in her
pocket) to her home duties in the estate to which it
pleased Providence to call her.
The chief merit of " Witch Winnie at Shinnecock"
(Dodd), a sequel to " Witch Winnie in Paris," is a cer-
tain vigor of style. The love-story, with its unfortu-
nate termination, is not sufficiently neutralized by the
attempt to introduce an art-atmosphere; and the fraud-
ulent trick which constitutes the plot has not force
enough to form the backbone of a story.
« Sirs, Only Seventeen" (Lee & Shepard) is the odd
title chosen by Miss Virginia Townsend for her book
portraying the mutual love of a brother and sister. The
climax is attained when the heroine (who, since her mis-
understanding with her brother, has been threatened
with brain fever) overhears his apologetic account of
their difficulty, and straightway recovers. Possibly the
title is apologetic; for the heroine, with her "graceful-
molded features and "beautiful-shaped " head, seems
rather morbid and high-strung. Her brother is more
attractive, but only one or two minor characters are
really natural.
Miss Beatrice Harraden has drawn upon personal ex-
perience in "Things will take a Turn" (Macraillan),
where the change in the fortunes of two little girls,
widely separated by circumstances, yet brought close
together by chance, forms the motive of a mildly at-
tractive book. The reader will be apt to tire of the in-
cessant praises of " Childie " which greet him on every
page, and even the humor of the red-nosed bird-fancier
will not altogether relieve him. The illustrations are
by Mr. J. H. Bacon.
Mrs. Molesworth's praise for her heroine " Olivia"
(Lippincott) is not always justified by the conduct of
the latter, who, though very conscientious, lacks charm.
The love episode is more marked than is desirable, but
the book has an ingenious plot and contains a stern
moral on the evils of the practical joke. A pretty story
of a little English girl, by the same author, shows how
morbid a child may become through misunderstanding
the motives of those about her. "My New Home"
(Macmillan) is for younger girls than "Olivia."
Young children will be interested in Miss Eliza Orne
White's "When Molly was Six" (Houghton), which
comes in daintily-tinted covers from the Riverside Press.
The book is illustrated by Miss Katherine Pyle, and
contains twelve realistic studies of red-letter days in a
child's life, one for each month. They teach no special
lesson, but are written with skill and sympathy.
The short stories which are compiled in "Not Quite
Eighteen" (Roberts), by Miss Susan Coolidge, are
wholesome and attractive, though the title is mislead-
ing, as the children described are all of different ages
and but sixteen stories are told.
Four stories by Miss Plympton are collected in a
pretty illustrated volume which takes its title from the
first of them, "Penelope Prig" (Roberts). Though
their construction is artificial, a note of real pathos is
occasionally struck. Other books for girls are "The
Little Lady of the Horse " (Roberts), by Miss Evelyn
Raymond; "Two Girls" (Lippincott), by Miss Amy
Blanchard, illustrated by Miss Ida Waugh; and "Six
Little Australians" (Ward, Lock & Bowden), by Miss
Ethel S. Turner, who warns us from the first that Aus-
tralian children are never good. This is reassuring.
"Toinette's Philip " (Century Co.) is among the best
of the books intended to please boys and girls alike. Mrs.
Jamison takes her reader at once into the picturesque
"old quarter" of New Orleans, where he makes the
acquaintance of a number of romantic figures. The
boyish hero, " Philip," whose spice of roguishness gives
htm a more human interest than " Little Lord Fauntle-
roy," divides the reader's attention with a no less charm-,
ing heroine. At last everybody proves to be related to
everybody else, their families having been divided by
the complications of the Civil War. It is a very fasci-
nating if somewhat improbable tale, and readers already
familiar with it through the pages of " St. Nicholas"
will doubtless welcome its publication as gladly as those
to whom it is new. The book is prettily illustrated.
Mrs. Frances Hodgson Burnett's graceful style makes
everything from her pen agreeable reading, but the col-
lection in " Piccino and Other Child Stories" (Scribner)
is not so well adapted for young readers as some of her
former writings have been. "Two Days in the Life of
Piccino " is a fresh and amusing sketch of a cherub-faced
Italian boy; but "The Captain's Youngest" contains a
picture of domestic misery which no child should be
able to understand, and its termination is entirely too
tragic. Though "How Fauntleroy Occurred " smacks
strongly of maternal pride, it is written in a playful
vein, and contains Mrs. Burnett's consoling assurance
that the original of the famous " Little Lord" (now six-
teen years of age) no longer wears black velvet doublets
and broad collars of lace. Mr. Birch's illustrations have
their usual charm.
The quaint humor with which Miss Jeanne Schultz
tells the story of "Madeleine's Rescue" (Appleton)
marks it with an originality that is wanting in the theme
itself — the healing of an old feud through the efforts
of children. The author is thoroughly in sympathy with
childhood, and at the same time takes older readers into
her confidence. The marriage with which the book
closes seems a natural sequel to the good comradeship
which has gone before; and these French children, Mad-
eleine and her four loyal boy friends, are sure to appeal


1894.]
389
THE
DIAL
to American readers, who might profit by the lesson in
chivalry which their conduct teaches.
Mrs. Mary P. Wells Smith follows the pastimes of
"Professor Strong's " children in "Jolly Good Times
To-day" (Roberts), which is intended to illustrate the
difference in the atmosphere surrounding children of
the present time from that at " Hackmatack" or else-
where fifty years ago. There are practically no restric-
tions placed upon these lively boys and girls, who, when
the size of their bonfire becomes alarming, are approached
with deference by Mrs. Strong, with the request that
they will put it out as a personal favor to her. They
are certainly jolly children, and the account of their act-
ive gayety proves pleasant reading.
A conscientious historical study is introduced in the
romance of " Kensington Palace in the Days of Queen
Mary " (Macmillan), whose author, Mrs. Marshall, feels
that this Queen's character has been frequently misun-
derstood. She is certainly attractive in this book,— as
is the heroine, a young country girl of good birth, who
becomes lady-in-waiting to her majesty. The love story
is simple and sweet,—though another episode, in which
the heroine is subjected to indignity, is in questionable
taste for young readers. The story has a decided charm,
and a sketch of the child-life of the Duke of Gloucester
gives it additional interest.
Somewhat sketchy in character, though not devoid
of interest, are the " Stories from English History, from
Julius Cteaar to the Black Prince" (Macmillan), by
the Rev. A. J. Church, M.A. The story of the Roman
Conquest is told in the form of a dialogue, the later
period being described in a series of sketches. The
whole book is relieved from a suspicion of dryness by the
numerous illustrations from old casts and engravings.
Very artistic in binding and illustration is the volume
of " More Celtic Fairy Tales " (Putnam), edited by Mr.
Joseph Jacobs, who in his two volumes of English fairy
stories has practically exhausted that field. This is not
the case in the last two volumes of the series, in which
he says, " I have done little more than spy the land and
bring back some specimen bunches from the Celtic vine."
These are certainly fragrant of the region whence they
sprung, gay, rollicking, dramatic, and not without a
toucli of melancholy in one of the three sorrowful tales
of Erin. It is with surprise that one finds in "The
Russet Dog" a resemblance to one of Mr. Lummis's
Indian folk-stories — that of the bear and the coyote.
There is also a story bearing traces of Japanese origin,
though Mr. Jacobs hints that the case may be reversed.
Mr. Batten's illustrations are worthy of their interest-
ing subjects, and students will find the notes very com-
plete.
Two beautiful little gift-books bound in pale olive
and gold cloth, are of the " Banbury Cross Series " (Mac-
millan), prepared for children by Miss Grace Rhys, and
suitably illustrated by R. Anning Bell. Each volume
has a brief preface giving a history of the two good old
tales—forever new—which it contains, wherein " Well-
ington and his Cat " and « The Sleeping Beauty,"'.' Jack
the Giant Killer" and "Beauty and the Beast " are in-
vested with a new charm. The educative value of the
excellent illustrations and workmanship of these vol-
umes cannot be too highly commended.
The realm of the fantastic is invaded by Mr. Joel
Chandler Harris, whose "Little Mr. Thimblefinger"
(Houghton) introduces his young friends to the mys-
teries "under the water in the spring at precisely nine
minutes and nine seconds after twelve o'clock." Our
old acquaintance, Mr. Rabbit is found chatting socia-
bly with Mrs. Meadows; and their reminiscences of Mr.
Bear, Mr.Wolf, and Mr. Billygoat, of the Pumpkin-Eater
and the Talking-Saddle, form the substance of the book.
The folk-lore of " Uncle Remus " does not provide the
material for these stories, some being purely inventions,
and others owing their origin to England. Mr. Oliver
Herford's full-page illustrations contribute greatly to
the success of the volume.
Mr. George Manville Fenn, author of " First in the
Field " (Dodd), does not tell us whether or not he has
founded his story on experience in the Polar Seas. It
has, however, a true ring, and the mystic charm of most
stories of Polar exploration, of which it is among the
best. There are the usual experiences with terrible
gales, ice-floes, and that dreadful depression of spirits
which becomes almost a disease, though the book as a
whole is not sad. The illustrations are numerous.
The painstaking quality of Colonel Knox's writings
for boys in itself assures the authenticity of bis new war
story, "The Lost Army" (Merriam). Its subject is a
portion of the Army of the West in the Civil War, which
at a critical period excited grave fears at headquarters
because communications from it were so infrequeut.
But an army which engaged in the battle of Pea Ridge
could not be lost to history, as events showed; and the
adventures of the two boys from Iowa who accompanied
it prove entertaining reading.
Two books by Mr. William O. Stoddard are of very
unequal merit, "Chris the Model Maker" (Appleton)
being by far the most attractive. It is a touching story
of the life of a cripple in New York City. The book
has considerable local color,—a quality which is decid-
edly lacking in "The Captain's Boat" (Merriam).
Though possessed of a denouement and several hair-
breadth escapes, the story is incoherent and not gen-
uinely interesting.
An unusual amount of all-around information is stored
in a book of travel by Mr. Eugene Murray-Aaron. "The
Butterfly Hunters in the Caribbees " (Scribner) is written
with an enthusiastic love of nature as a field for scien-
tific study, and is entirely drawn from an exploring nat-
uralist's personal experience. Two bright boys are con-
ducted by an experienced scholar through Jamaica and
Haiti (which the author says should be pronounced
Haw-ee-tee), in search of rare butterflies—though inci-
dentally they encounter some larger game, like the wild
boar. A careful account of the tropical fruits, com-
merce, and customs of the region contribute greatly to
the interest of the book, and its readers will doubtless
be glad of the hint, at its close, that a similar journey to
Spain will be undertaken. The illustrations are at-
tractive.
Another book of out-door sport and scientific study,
the « Boys' Own Guide to Fishing" (Lee & Shepard),
has illustrations conspicuous for usefulness rather than
beauty. The diagrams, with the text, furnish ample
directions for the making of good fishing-tackle at home,
which the author, Mr. John Harrington Keene, regards
as very attractive work for young anglers. Fly-fishing
for trout, and the winter breeding of fish, are carefully
treated; while directions for the proper cleansing and
cooking of fish render the book useful for campers, as
well as to many others.
Very little boys and girls will enjoy with equal relish
the text and pictures in Mrs. Dodge's collection of
rhymes and jingles, " When Life is Young" (Century
Co.). Some of them have already appeared in "St.


390
[Dec. 16,
THE DIAL
Nicholas," but they bear repetition, as they are full of
humor and sweetness, and are now collected in a dainty
and serviceable form.
The well-worn subject of the settling of old feuds
through the loving simplicity of a child is freshly treated
by Miss Julia Magruder in " The Child Amy" (Lothrop).
Amy seems to be a very human little girl, not without
a temper, and possessed of a decided genius for loving.
The pleasing illustrations are by Miss Helen Maitland
Armstrong.
Miss Adelaide F. Samuels publishes a nonsense-book
for children, called " Father Gander's Melodies " (Rob-
erts); but it is hardly a lit companion for our time-
honored "Mother Goose " — neither illustrations nor
rhymes being very successful.
A few charming little poems are included in the forty-
two "Love Songs of Childhood" (Scribner), by Mr.
Eugene Field. Some are in the dialect which he has
made familiar, and a few are humorous, as "The De-
lectable Ballad of the Waller Lot"; but in most cases
the humor is that of middle-aged retrospect rather than
of childhood. "Kissing Time," with its reiteration of
a familiar childish joke, is full of a child's pure joy in
living; but one finds it difficult to sympathize with
"The oogling and the googling
Of my little Googly-Goo."
Four books published in London by the Society for
promoting Christian Knowledge and in New York by
Messrs. Young, vary widely in merit, though none of
them can be numbered among the best of children's
books. An exciting story of the recovery of a buried
treasure is told with considerable vigor in the "Cruise
of the Esmeralda," by Mr. Harry Collingwood. "Mid-
shipman Archie," by Miss Annette Lyster, relates in
wholesome fashion the story of an Irish family of good
birth. The author of « The Dean's Little Daughter"
tells of a drunkard's reform in " Jenny Dear," and Mrs.
Isla Ditwell contributes " Farmer Goldsworthy's Will."
A good edition of " Robinson Crusoe," published for
the " Children's Library" (Macmillan) contains a num-
ber of quaint illustrations by Mr. George Cruikshank.
The frontispiece is particularly interesting by reason of
its old-fashioned quality; and the text has been mod-
ernized and adapted for children in a commendable man-
ner. The binding, in blue and white, is rather dainty
for hard service.
A new edition of Miss Kate Douglas Wiggin's " Tim-
othy's Quest" (Houghton) is likely to meet with the
success which attended the first appearance of that pop-
ular book. The same firm issues a captivating new edi-
tion of the inimitable "Story of a Bad Boy," in which
Mr. Aldrich's humor proves itself delightfully fresh in
spite of many readings.
The season brings the usual substantial array of bound
volumes of standard serials. "St. Nicholas" (Century
Co.) is filled with the good things of the past year,—
plenty of solid food for children, garnished with " sugar
and spice and everything nice." The names of many
of the writers for " St. Nicholas " also appear in " Har-
per's Young People," which will possibly be more inter-
esting to older children. The past success of " Chatter-
box" (Estes & Lauriat) doubtless ensures that of this
year's volume, containing articles about birds and fishes,
sketches of foreign children, and also short stories of
famous men. A series of papers on British field-sports
is of interest, but it is be regretted that the illustrations
are so inferior.
New York Topics.
New York, December 12, 1894.
Mr. Besant's pleasant remarks concerning the work-
ings of the Copyright Act, quoted in the last number of
The Dial, do not represent the situation as closely as
they might have done six months ago. At that time
many were under the impression that the result of the
Act of 1891 had been directly beneficial to American
authors by removing from the market the cheap reprints
of current English books with which it was then flooded.
It was supposed that American books would then com-
pete on even terms with those of foreigners. But Mr.
Harold Frederic cables to the New York " Times " that,
"as this month's' Bookman' says, it seems as if English
fiction were almost entirely supplanting the American.
This remark is echoed by other papers, which dwell
pleasantly on the anomalous fact that although the copy-
right agreement was expected, by making foreign books
dearer, to help the American novelists, its actual result
has been to give the British novelists a vastly bigger
vogue in America than they had in the former piratical
days."
Mr. Robert Barr also declares, in a recent interview,
that there is much competition among American pub-
lishers for British authors, and expresses his wonder
thereat. When the Copyright bill was passed, however,
nearly four years ago, a number of those active in put-
ting it through understood thoroughly that the chief
benefit would accrue to the British author. At the din-
ner given in honor of the passage of the bill, one of the
speakers said:
"The road to publication for an American work has been
easy—almost too easy for some trashy American works—since
the manufacture of unauthorized reprints became unprofit-
able. So far as respects the Author's Copyright League, its
efforts have been, to use a hackneyed word, altruistic, except
for the satisfaction derived from a sense of honor, dignity,
right. For what have we dared to do? We have doubled
at a stroke the list of our competitive writers. All British
authors are now American authors. All will now compete on
nearly equal terms in the market of this ' Greater Britain'—
of what must be the greatest bookmait of the world."
So Mr. Besant and some others will have to revise
their impressions of the workings of the Copyright Act.
Some weeks ago I promised to consider a few of the
reasons for the overshadowing of our home novelists by
the rising school of British romancers. The reasons for
the overshadowing have meanwhile been so fully ex-
ploited in various directions that there is now no need
of an additional word on the subject. It was Gilbert
Parker, by the way, who first commented on the success
of these writers as a group. It should be remembered
that the framers of the Copyright bill, while anticipating
the temporary disadvantages to American authors which
have arisen, looked for permanent benefits to all con-
cerned in the future. I trust tbey will not be disap-
pointed. At present the outlook for American books in
the British market does not seem particularly encour-
aging. With the exceptions of Mrs. Burnett's and Mrs.
Wiggin's books, full lists of which are occasionally to
be found, the "Athenaeum" advertising pages rarely
contain the titles of more than a dozen American books,
while a search of the review columns in the issue for
November 24 failed to disclose a notice of even one
American book.
A delightfully reminiscent article by Mr. A. V. S.
Anthony, the veteran engraver and art-editor, on " The
Making of Illustrated Books," appears in this week's


1894.]
391
THE
DIAL
"Independent." It recounts some of his successful ex-
periments in illustrating the books of Whittier and Long-
fellow at a time when the art of illustration had not
reached its present perfection. The few anecdotes given
will suggest to many of Mr. Anthony's friends that a
volume of reminiscences from his pen would be a gen-
uine addition to the literary and artistic history of the
time.
The Order of the Round Table, a juvenile society
formed by readers of " Harper's Young People," is hold-
ing a very successful fair in behalf of one of its char-
ities here. There will be an authors' reception at which
a number of writers for both young and old people have
promised to be present and meet their young friends.
Mr. William Hamilton Hayne, the Southern poet, is
paying his annual visit to the city, and Mr. George \V.
Sheldon, of London, is here for a few days. Provence
and the Riviera are the attractions which have induced
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas A. Janvier and Mrs. Anna Bow-
man Dodd to spend the winter in France. Mr. Alex-
ander Black's " picture play," " Miss Jerry," is meet-
ing with gratifying success wherever presented. This
form of entertainment is the particular invention of Mr.
Black, who is literary editor of the Brooklyn " Times,"
and an expert in photographic matters. While he reads
the story, dissolving views of the characters and scenes
are thrown upon a screen, changes being made twice or
thrice a minute as the story progresses.
A most absurd notice of the illustrated edition of Dr.
Holmes's " The Last Leaf," which recently appeared in
the London" Saturday Review," has caused much amuse-
ment here. The writer says among other things that
"the poem is supposed [in America] to be a classic; it
is supposed to be unique in kind and excellence; sup-
positions which lead one to inquire whether Americans
have ever heard of Austin Dobson." Mr. Dobson un-
doubtedly will enjoy this, inasmuch as he dedicated the
first American edition of his poems to Dr. Holmes, and
may fairly be said to look on the latter as one of his
masters. Why not ask whether Americans have ever
heard of Mr. Frederick Locker-Lampson, whose best-
known poem is almost a parody of " The Last Leaf "?
Arthur Stedman.
Literary Notes and Miscellany.
Messrs. Harper & Brothers will publish in March a
new novel by Mr. Henry B. Fuller.
The fourth volume of Professor McMaster's " History
of the People of the United States " will be ready for
publication at an early date.
We regret to learn that "The Southern Magazine,"
of Louisville, Ky., has suspended publication. The mag-
azine was a credit to the South, and deserved a better
fate.
With reference to the contemplated Life and Letters
of Dr. Holmes, his son and executor requests that any
persons having letters of the poet will send them to his
publishers, Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston.
These letters will be carefully returned to their owners
after copies have been made of such as are found to be
available for publication.
Messrs. Macmillan & Co. are to publish a series of
"European Statesmen," similar to the " Twelve English
Statesmen " series. The editing is in the hands of Pro-
fessor J. B. Bury. "Charles the Great"; by Mr. Thomas
Hodgkin; "William the Silent," by Mr. Frederic Har-
rison; "Richelieu," by Professor R. Lodge; and " Maria
Theresa," by Dr. J. Franck Bright, are among the vol-
umes promised.
Apropos of our recent communications and comments
on the San Francisco Vigilance Committee, attention
may be called to a series of articles on the subject in
the "Overland Monthly " for October, November, and
December, of the current year. The writer of the arti-
cles, Mr. Almarin B. Paul of San Francisco, was a mem-
ber of the famous Committee, and his account lias value
as coming from an eye-witness of and a participant in
the strange scenes and events described.
Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons make the following an-
nouncements of their forthcoming publications: "The
Women of Shakespeare,"by Dr. Lewis Lewes; "Three
Men of Letters" (Berkeley, Dwight,Barlow), by Pro-
fessor Moses Coit Tyler; "Personal Recollections of
War Times," by Mr. Albert Gallatin Riddle; "King
Arthur," a comparative study of the Arthurian epic, by
the Rev. S. H. Gurteen; and " In the Heart of the Bit-
ter-Root Mountains," an account of the Carlin hunting
party of 1893.
A project was formed some time ago at Aquila in
Italy to erect in that town a monument to the Roman
historian Sallust, whose birthplace, Araiternum, was
near by. President Gilman of Johns Hopkins Univer-
sity and Professor Tarbell of the University of Chicago,
having been requested to secure subscriptions for this
object in the United States, have received and sent to the
Aquila Committee seventy dollars, contributed in equal
sums by the following universities: Chicago, Columbia,
Johns Hopkins, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Princeton,
Yale. Subscriptions have been made in various parts
of Europe, and the fund must now amount to nearly or
quite thirteen hundred francs.
M. Ernest Lavisse has succeeded the late James Dar-
mesteter in the editorship of " La Revue de Paris," and
a happier substitute could hardly have been found. The
note on Darmesteter supplied to the "Revue " of Nov-
ember 15 by his colleague, M. Louis Ganderax, is fol-
lowed up, in the issue of December 1, by an appreciative
study of the deceased scholar from the pen of M. Gas-
ton Paris.
The cultured circles of San Francisco have been con-
siderably stirred by an address lately delivered in that
city by Prof. M. B. Anderson of Stanford University,
in which, while saying some very pleasant things of the
city, he ventured upon a few criticisms that proved de-
cidedly unpalatable, and for which he has been duly
"roasted " by the local press. That spirited and strong-
headed journal, "The Argonaut," thinks a part of the
city's vulgarity, of which Professor Anderson complains,
is due to the occasional visits of Stanford University
students, who are turbulent and unruly, especially just
after winning football games. But, with the fullest
allowance for the exuberance of even a victorious foot-
ball team, this does not seem a complete answer to Pro-
fessor Anderson's strictures. By a curious coincidence,
in the same issuse of "The Argonaut " a contributor is
permitted to call attention to the fact that " in no other
city in this country are the disgusting sights thrust be-
fore one's eyes that in San Francisco can be seen, if one
glances to the left or right, in passing along respect-
able thoroughfares in the very heart of the city." But
the San Franciscans may rest in peace. No one sus-


392
[Dec. 16,
THE
DIAL
pects them of possessing a monopoly of the vulgarity
of American cities, and the criticism which they find so
hard to bear could he made, and has been made, upon
most large places. Even Chicago has had its expe-
rience of similar chastenings from friendly critics, and
has lived to look back with a smile at its own hyper-
sensitiveness. It is probable that both San Francisco
and Professor Anderson will survive the recent episode.
Mr. Swinburne's "Memorial Ode on the Death of
Leconte de Lisle," which appears in " The Saturday Re-
view," is such a noble commemorative tribute as its au-
thor alone of living men could have written. It is a
lyrical structure in three sections, of which we quote the
first entire, and add the closing strain of the last.
"Beside the lordliest grave in all the world
A singer crowned with golden years and fame
Spake words more sweet than wreaths of incense curled
That bade an elder yet and mightier name
Hail, for whose love the wings of time were furled
And death that heard it died of deadlier shame.
"Our father and lord of all the sons of song,
Hugo, supreme on earth, had risen above
Earth, as the sun soars noonward: grief and wrong
Had yielded up their part in him to love:
And one man's word came forth upon the throng
Brief as the brooding music of the dove.
"And he now too, the praiser as the praised,
Being silent, speaks forever. He whose word
Reverberate made the gloom whereon he gazed
Radiant with sonnd whose song in his we heard
Stands far from us as they whose souls he raised
Again, and darkness carolled like a bird.
"Now the lyre whose lord's wise mastery gave its notes re-
verberate skill
Whence to give again the grace of golden gifts of hands
long dead,
Now the deep clear soul that all the lore of time conld scarce
fulfil.
Now the sovereign voice that spake it, now the radiant eye
that read,
Seem to sleep as sleeps the indomitable imperishable will
Here, that haply lives and sleeps not, though its word on
earth be said."
Topics in Leading Periodicals.
December, 1894 (Second List).
Alexander III. W. T. Stead. Review of Reviews.
American History Studies. F.W. Shepardson. Dial (Dec. 16).
Athanasianism. Levi L. Payne. New World.
Book Plates. IUus. K. Porter Gamett. Overland.
Catholic School System in Rome, The. Mgr. Satolli. No. Am.
Centennials, Literary. Dial (Dec. 16).
Charity. Jane K. Robbins. Forum.
Civilizations, Primitive. Frederick Starr. DiW(Dec. 16).
Consular Reform. Henry White. North American.
Crispi, Francesco. Illus. W. J. Stillman. Century.
Currency Reform, "Baltimore Plan". A. B. Hepburn. Forum.
Fencing. Illus. H. Anson. Overland.
Forest Preserves, The Need of. R. U. Johnson. Rev. of Rev.
Froude, James Anthony. Goldwin Smith. No. American.
Holmes, Oliver Wendell. Henry C. Lodge. No. American.
Industrial Agreements and Conciliation. Rev. of Reviews.
Jesuitism,! Modern. Charles C. Starbuck. New World.
Lincoln in Relations to Women. Julien Gordon. Cosmop'n.
Manners, American. Anna B. McMahan. Dial (Dee. Hi).
Margherita of Savoy. Felicia B. Clark. Cosmopolitan.
Maryland Homesjand Ways, Old. Dlus. J.W. Palmer. Century.
Musical Instruments of the World. I.H.Hall. Cosmopolitan.
Olympic Games, Re-establishment of. Review of Reviews.
Photography and Art, Relations of. J. L.Breese.Cosmopolitan.
Prickly Plants of Calif. Emma S. Marshall. Overland.
Reading Habits of English People. Price Collier. Forum.
Sahara, Tribes of the. Napoleon Ney. Cosmopolitan.
Salvation Army, The. Charles A. Briggs. No. American.
Science and Religion. Augustus J. DuBois. Century.
Science and Religion. E. Benjamin Andrews. New World.
Stock-Sharing and Labour-Troubles. L. R. Ehrich. Forum.
Sutro, Adolph. Illus. E. W. Townsend. Rev. of Reviews.
Symonds, John Addington. Frank Sewall. New World.
Vigilance Committee of '56. A. B. Paul. Overland.
Virginians, Two Great. B.A.Hinsdale. Dial (Dec. 16).
Woman in Politics, The American. Eleonora Einnicutt. Cent.
Woman Suffrage Movement, The. Mary P. Jacobi. Forum.
List of New Books.
[The following list, containing 140 titles, includes books re-
ceived by The Dial since its last issue.]
HOLIDAY GIFT BOOKS.
Memorials of St. James's Palace. By Edgar Sheppard,
M.A. In 2 vols., illus. with copper and photogravure
plates, 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. Longmans, Green, & Co.
Boxed, $10.80.
Border Ballads. With an introduction by Andrew Lang.
With 12 etchings by C. 0. Murray; 4to, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 87. Longmans, Green, & Co. $7.
Holland. By Edmondo de Amicis. anthor of " Spain "; trans.
from 13th Italian edition, by Helen Zimmern. In 2 vols.,
illus. in photogravure, 12mo, gilt tops. Porter & Coates.
Boxed, $5.
Some Old-Tlme Beauties. By Thomson Willing. Illus.
in photogravure after famoUB portraits, small 4to, gilt
top. Joseph Knight Co. $3.
The Fairies' Festival: A Poem. By John W. Randall.
Illus. with 40 photogelatine plates, small 4to, gilt top.
Joseph Knight Co. $3.
Child Life In Art. By Estelle M. Hurll, M.A. With 25
half-tones after famous paintings, 12mo, gilt edges. Jos-
eph Knight Co. $2.
The Fables of JEBop. Selected, told anew, and their his-
tory traced, by Joseph Jacobs. Dlus., 12mo, gilt edges,
pp. 222. Macmillan & Co. $2.
An Imaged World: Poems in Prose. By Edward Garnett.
Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 120. Macmillan & Co.
$2.
Love Letters of a Violinist, and Other Poems. By Eric
Mackay. Illus. by James Fagan; 8vo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 273. Brentano's. Boxed, $2.50.
The Story of a Bad Boy. By Thoruas Bailey Aid rich. Hol-
iday edition, illus. by A. B. Frost; 12rao, gilt top, pp.
286. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $2.
Pipe and Pouch: The Smoker's Own Book of Poetry. Com-
piled by Joseph Knight. With frontispiece in half-tone,
square 16mo, gilt top. Joseph Knight Co. $1.25.
The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine. Vol.
XLVIIL, May to October, 1894; illus., large 8vo, pp. 960.
The Century Co. $3.50.
The Prince of Hades. By A. O. Kaplan, author of " The
Magic Laugh." Illus., 8vo. Cincinnati: Robt. Clarke
& Co. 50 cts.
BOOKS FOB THE YOUNG.
Little Mr.Thimbleflnger and his Queer Country: What
the Children Saw and Heard there. By Joel Chandler
Harris, author of "Uncle Remus." Illus., 8vo, pp. 230.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $2.
More Celtic Fairy Tales. Selected and edited by Joseph
Jacobs, late editor of " Folk-Lore." Illus., 8vo, pp. 234.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.75.
Piccino, and Other Child Stories. By Frances Hodgson Bur-
nett. Bins., 8vo, pp. 203. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
Maurice; or, The Red Jar: A Tale of Magic and Adventure
for Boys and Girls. By the Countess of Jersey. Bins.,
12mo, pp. 190. Macmillan & Co. S1.50.
Things Will Take a Turn: A Story for Children. Bv Bea-
trice Harraden, author of " In Varying Moods." Illus.,
12mo, pp. 163. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.
The Child Amy. By Jnlia Magruder. Blus., 8vo, pp. 302. ■
Lothrop Pnb'g Co. $1.50.


1894.]
393
THE DIAL
Sailor Jack, the Trader. By Harry Castlemon, author of
the " Gunboat Series." Illus., 12mo, pp. 467. Porter <fe
Coates. $1.25.
Jenny Dear. By the author of "A Fellow of Trinity."
Illus., 12mo, pp. 240. £. & J. B. Young & Co. $1.
Midshipman Archie. By Annette Lyster, author of " A
Leal Light Heart." Illus., 12mo, pp. 254. E. & J. B.
Young & Co. $1.
The Cruise of the " Esmeralda." By Harry Collingwood,
author of "The Pirate Island." Illus., 12mo, pp. 384.
£. & J. B. Young & Co. 81.50.
Farmer Goldaworthy's Will. By Mrs. Isla Sitwell, author
of " A Great Revenge." Illus., 12mo, pp. 307. £. & J.
B. Young & Co. $1.25.
Mrs. Heritage. By F. E. Reade, author of " Clary's Con-
firmation." Illus., 12rao, pp. 219. E. & J. B. Young &
Co. 80 ets.
Was It in Vain? By G. E. M. Vaughan. Illus., 12mo, pp.
159. E. & J. B. Young & Co. 60 cts.
The Banbury Cross Series. Prepared for children by
Grace Rhys, and illustrated by R. Anning Bell. Com-
5rising: Sleeping Beauty and Whittington and his Cat,
ack the Giant-Killer and Beauty and the Beast. 2 vols.,
18mo, gilt tops, uncut. Macmilfan & Co. Each, 50 ots.
Father Gander's Melodies, for Mother Goose's Grand-
children. By Adelaide F. Samuels. Illus., 12mo, pp. 121.
Roberts Bros. $1.25.
St. Nicholas: An Illustrated Magazine for Young Folks.
Conducted by Mary Mapes Dodge. Vols. XXI. and
XXII.; illus., large 8vo. The Century Co. $4.
Harper's Young People for 1894. Illus., 4to, pp. 888.
Harper & Bros. $3.50.
Chatterbox for 1894. Edited by J. Erskine Clarke, M.A.
Illus., 8vo, pp. 412. Estes & Lauriat. $1.25.
HISTORY.
History of the Commonwealth and Protectorate, 1649-
1660. By Samuel Rawson Gardiner, M.A. Vol. I., 1649-
1651; 8vo, uncut, pp. 515. Longmans, Green, & Co. $7.
History of the United States. By E. Benjamin Andrews.
In 2 vols., with maps, 12mo, gilt tops. Chas. Scribner's
Sons. $4.
The Winning of the West. By Theodore Roosevelt, author
of "The Wilderness Hunters." Vol. III., The Founding
of the Trans-Alleghany Commonwealths, 1784-1790; 8vo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 339. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.50.
The Liberation of Italy, 1815-1870. By the Countess Eve-
lyn Martinengo Cesaresco, author of Italian Characters
in the Epoch of Unification." With portraits, 12mo, uncut,
pp. 415. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.75.
Harvard College by an Oxonian. By George Birkbeck
Hill, D.C.L. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 329. Mac-
millan & Co. $2.25.
Side Glimpses from the Colonial Meeting-House. By
William Root Bliss. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 256. Houghton,
Mifflin & Co. $1.50.
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[Dec. 16,
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Illus., 8vo, pp. 397. Harper & Bros. $3.50.


1894.]
395
THE
DIAL
The Whist Table: A Treasury of Notes on the Royal Game.
By "Cavendish," C. Mossop, A. C. Ewald, and others;
edited by "Portland." Illus., 12mo, uncut, pp. 472.
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354. Macmillan & Co. $1.25.
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396
[Dec. 16,
THE DIAL
"It is a credit to Colorado and a credit to the United States that a book of this kind
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Hoofs, Claws, and Antlers
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The most unique and original book ever published.
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IN CAMP WITH A TIN SOLDIER. ASequeltothe
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1894.]
397
THE DIAL
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Pepy's Diary, and Evelyn's Diary 2 vols.
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Win. Hazlitt's and Leigh Hunt's Essays .... 2 vols.
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400
THE DIAL [Dec. 16, 1894.
"MIRABEAU STAND8 OUT AS THE CENTRAL FIGURE OF THE TIMES; THE GREATEST STATESMAN OF FRANCE."
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION.
TESTED BY MIRABEAU'S CAREER.
Twelve Lectures on the History of the French Revolution, delivered at the Lowell Institute, Boston, Mass
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