les Scribner's Sons. 50 cts. net.
Rosamond the Seoond. By Mary Mean. 12mo, 163 pages.
Frederick A. Stokes Co. 80 cts. net.
The Great Natural Healer. By Charles Heber Clark. Illus-
trated, 16mo, 82 pages. George W. Jacobs * Co. 50 cts. net ,


1910.]
367
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f
TRAVEL, AND DESCRIPTION.
Oar Search for a Wilderness : An Account of Two Ornitho-
logical Expeditions to Venezuela and to British Guina. By
Mary Blair Beebe and C. William Beebe. Illustrated, large
8vo, 408 pages. Henry Holt A Co. $2.75 net.
Walks and People In Tuscany. By Sir Francis Vane. Illus-
trated, 8vo, 297 pages. John Lane Co. 41.50 net.
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Eennan. Revised edition; illustrated, large 8vo, 482 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.50 net.
Glimpses around the World through the Eyes of a Young
American. By Grace Mazine Stein. Illustrated in color,
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Great Britain: Bankbook for Travellers. By Karl Baedeker.
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Charles ScrJbner's Sons. $3. net.
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Through Afro-America: An English Reading of the Race
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The Beaat. By Judge Ben B. Lindsey and Harvey J. O'Higgins.
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The Education of Women. By Marion Talbot. 12mo, 255
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Modern Art at Venice, and Other Notes. By A. E. G. With
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The Singing Voice and its Training. By M. Sterling Mac-
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$2. net.
Wilderness Pets at Camp Buckshaw. By Edward Breck.
Illustrated, 8vo, 240 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.50 net.
How to Stndy Birds: A Practical Guide for Amateur Bird-
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The Black Bear. By William H. Wright. Illustrated, 8vo,
127 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1. net.
A Manual of Practical Farming. By John McLennan, Pb.M.
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Among School Gardens. By M. Louise Greene, Ph.D. Illus-
trated. 8vo, 388 pages. Charities Publication Committee.
$1.25 net.
Children's Gardens for Pleasure, Health, and Education.
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Sturgis & Walton Co. $1. net.
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The Century Dictionary Supplement. By Benjamin E.
Smith, A.M. In 2 volumes, 4to. Century Co.
The New International Tear Book: A Compendium of the
World's Progress for the Year 1909. Edited by Frank Moore
Colby, and Allen Leon Churchill. Large 8vo, 792 pages.
Dodd, Mead & Co.
Rontledge's Every Man's Cyclopedia. Edited by Arnold
Villiers. 8vo. 648 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50 net.
Words and Places: or. Etymological Illustrations of History,
Ethnology, and Geography. By Rev. Isaac Taylor; edited
by A. Smythe Palmer. New edition; with map, 8vo, 425
pages. E. P. Dutton & Co.
An Ethnologio Dictionary of the Navaho Language.
Illustrated, large 8vo,536 pages. Saint Michaels, Arizona:
Franciscan Fathers. Paper.
Handbook of Parliamentary Law: A Complete Syllabns of
Rules of Order with Explanatory Notes. By Fred Marion
Gregg. 16mo, 112 pages. Ginn & Co. 50 cts. net.
PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY.
The Influence of Darwin on Philosophy, and Other Essays
on Contemporary Thought. By John Dewey. 8vo, 309
pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.40 net.
Abnormal Psychology. By Isador H. Coriat, M.D. 8vo. 825
pages. Moffat, Yard & Co. $2. net.
Health and Suggestion: The Dietetics of the Mind. By
Ernst von Feuchtersleben; translated by Ludwlg Lewisohn,
M.A. 12mo, 168 pages. B. W. Huebsch. $1. net.
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An Explorer's Adventures In Tibet. By A. Henry Savage
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Brothers. $1.50.
Insect Wonderland. By Constance M. Foot. Illustrated,
12mo. 196 pages. John Lane Co. $1.25 net.
Travels at Home. By Mark Twain; edited by Percival Chubb.
Illustrated, 12mo, 143 pages. Harper & Brothers, so cts net.
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12mo, 164 pages.
Fifty Fables for Teachers. Illustrated,
Syracuse, N. Y.: C. W. Bardeen. $1.
Le Chi en dn Capltalne. By Louis Enault; edited by Mar-
garet De G. Verrall. 16mo. 144 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
45 cts. net.
Rath of Boston: A Story of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
By James Otis. Illustrated, 12mo, 160 pages. American
Book Co. 35 cts. net.
La Mariposa Blanca. By D. Jose Selgas y Carrasco. l6mo,
121 pages. Henry Holt & Co.
Easy German Stories. By C. E. Ries; edited, with notes, by
Ernest H. Biermann. 16mo, 183 pages. American Book Co.
35 cts. net.
Pierrielle. By Jules Claretie. 16mo, 201 pages. Henry Holt
4 Co.
Richard of Jamestown: A Story of the Virginia Colony. By
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Co. 35 eta net.
Liohtensteln: Romantische Sage aus der wurttem bergischen
Geschichte. By Wilhelm Hauff; edited by James Percival
King. With portrait, 16mo, 353 pages. Henry Holt & Co.
Eln Nordlschen Held: Kin Bild aus der Geschichte von
Richard Roth. Edited by Helene H. Boll. 16mo, 175 pages.
American Book Co. 35 cts. net.


868
[May 16,
THE DIAL
The Adventures of Pathfinder. By James Fenimore Cooper;
adapted by Margaret N. Height. 12mo, 144 pages. Ameri-
can Book Co. 36 cts. net.
Picture Primer. By Ella M. Beebe: with introduction by
Charles L. Spain. Illustrated in color, etc., ISmo, 112 pages.
American Book Co. 25 cts. net. *
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cts. net.
Germelahausen. By Friedrich Oeratacker: edited by A.
Busse. 16mo, 121 pages. American Book Co. 80 cts. net.
Herein I First German Readings. Edited by Philip Schuyler
Allen. Illustrated, 12mo, 289 pages. Henry Holt A Co.
La Petite Prlnoesse. By Jeanne Mairet. 16mo, 164 pages.
American Book Co.
Selections from Braoebridge Hall. By Washington Irving.
Edited by Samuel Thurber, Jr. With portrait, 16mo. 121
pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. 26 cts. net.
Standard English Classics. New volumes: Bunyan's Qrace
Abounding, edited by Edward Chauncey Baldwin; Gold-
smith's Deserted Village, and Gray's Elegy, edited by Louise
Found. Each 16mo. Ginn A Co.
Champion Spelling Book, for Public and Private Schools.
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Speaking and Writing: Book One. By William H. Maxwell.
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The Howell Primer. By Logan Douglass Howell. Illustrated,
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Swedish Polk Dances. By Nils W. Bergquist; with intro-
duction by C. Ward Crampton. With frontispiece, large
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The Prussian Cadet; and A Story of Cadet Life. By Paul
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Golf for Beginners and Others. By Marshall WhiHatch. Illus-
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Western Women in Eastern Lands: An Outline Study of
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The Girl Wanted: A Book of Friendly Thoughts. By Nixon
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Letters from the Teacher. Edited by F. Homer Curtiss, M.D.
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The Burden of Isla: The Laments of Isis and Nephthys.
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THE DIAL
a &enu*fSUmtMg Journal of mterarg Gtrittcfem, HBtenwaion, anlJ Information.
No. 575. JUNE 1, 1910. Vol. XLVIII.
Contents.
PAOB
AMERICAN AND ENGLISH PERIODICALS . . 379
THE CHARM OF GUIDE BOOKS. Willis Boyd
Allen 381
CASUAL COMMENT 382
Jane advice from the "Old Librarian's Almanack."
—The Sunday-newspaper monstrosity.—Two aspects
of literary leisure.—An American season in the Lon-
don book-market.—The reprehensible re-christening
of books. — A summer resort's sumptuous library. —
The increased demandlfor Mark Twain's books.
ESSAYS IN DIVERS MOODS. Percy F. Biclcnell . 384
Stewart's Essays on the Spot. — Belloc's On Every-
thing.— Miss Bisland's At the Sign of the Hobby
Horse. — Thomas's Rest and Unrest.
THE NATURE VIRTUES. May Estelle Cook ... 385
Job's How to Study the Birds—Wright's The Black
Bear.—Breek's Wilderness Pets at Camp Buckshaw.
— Mrs. Todd's A Cycle of Sunsets. — Packard's
Woodland Paths.
A VARIED GROUP OF GARDEN BOOKS. Sara
Andrew Shafer 386
Miss Higgins's Little Gardens for Boys and Girls. —
Rexford's Indoor Gardening. — Parsons's Children's
Gardens for Pleasure, Health, and Education. —
Scott's In Praise of Gardens. — Bradley's The Gar-
den Muse.—Mrs. Cecil's A History of Gardening in
England.
BOOKS OF TRAVEL AND ADVENTURE. H. E.
Coblentz 388
Dugmore's Camera Adventures in African Wilds. —
Swann's Fighting the Slave - Hunters in Central
Africa.—Workman's Peaks and Glaciers of Nun Kun.
Niedieck's Cruises in the Bering Sea. — Franck's A
Vagabond Journey around the World.—Miss Fee's A
Woman's Impressions of the Philippines. — Paine's
The Ship-Dwellers. — Miss Stein's Glimpses around
the World.—Beebe's Our Search for a Wilderness.—
Mozans's Up the Orinoco and down the Magdalena.—
Vane's Walks and People in Tuscany. — Kennan's
Tent-Life in Siberia. — Johnson's The Picturesque
St. Lawrence.
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne ... 393
Thurston's Sally Bishop. — Wells's The History of
Mr. Polly.—Snaith's Fortune. — Bindloss's Thurston
of Orchard Valley. — Mrs. Ward's Lady Merton,
Colonist. — Miss Stockley's Poppy. — Miss Watts's
Nathan Burke. — Miss Taylor's Caleb Trench. —
Churchill's A Modern Chronicle. — Whitman's Pre-
destined.—Hart's A Vigilante Girl.—Dudley's The
Isle of Whispers. — Ironside's The Red Symbol.—
Webster's The Sky-Man.
VARIOUS BOOKS FOR SUMMER READING . . 397
Diversions of a fisherman in western waters.—Trees
and tree-lore of England.—Tending trees and saving
them. — The pensive oyster and retiring clam. — A
tourist's talk of his travels.—An antidote to drowsi-
ness.—Right ideas of nature-study.—Gardening in a
library.—Li the field with horse and hound.
NOTES 400
TOPICS IN JUNE PERIODICALS 402
LIST OF NEW BOOKS 402
AMERICAN AND ENGLISH
PERIODICALS.
Mr. William Archer has a sharp eye for
things American. Viewing us from afar, and
sojourning "in our midst," he has used it to
good purpose, and has recorded in singularly
clear terms the results of his observation. His
vision is not altogether free from astigmatism,
but it is both steady and penetrating. While
Mr. Archer is particularly concerned with mat-
ters pertaining to his metier as critic of the
drama and student of the technical problems of
the playhouse, he is more than a specialist in
this restricted field, and has envisaged many
other scenes and situations. He has discoursed
upon our manners and our morals, he has pre-
sented us with a solution of our negro problem,
and he has rushed into the conflict that rages
about our spelling of the English language, —
not taking, we regret to say, the side of the
angels. His latest contribution to our enlight-
enment upon our own affairs—and, incidentally,
to the enlightenment of his fellow Britons by the
method of comparison—is found in a study of
"The American Cheap Magazine," contributed
to "The Fortnightly Review." The study
should please us, on the whole, because it
redounds to the credit of American enterprise.
Mr. Archer says:
."Of the many differences between America and
England which do not altogether minister to our
national self-complacency, none is more striking than
the contrast between our sixpenny monthlies and the
ten-cent or fifteen-cent magazines that crowd the
American bookstalls. On the surface, the contrast is
most humiliating, and though, when we look below the
surface, we shall find reasons which diminish its signifi-
cance, it remains, when all is said and done, a disquiet-
ing phenomenon."
In making this comparative study, Mr.
Archer deliberately excludes fiction from his
purview, — in the first place, because he seldom
reads magazine fiction; and in the second place,
because he thinks it is very much the same in
quality on both sides of the ocean. His inter-
est is in that section of the contents which may
be described, if euphemistically, as serious, in
order to give it a name which shall distinguish
it from the mere products of invention. Now
he finds, broadly speaking, that the " serious"
features of the English sixpenny magazines are


380
[June 1,
THE
DIAL
"magnified and scarcely glorified tit-bits," and
"articles on everything that can pass the time
for an idle brain, and cannot possibly matter
either to the individual or the nation." In the
American popular magazines he finds, on the
other hand, " articles of absorbing and illumin-
ating interest," the type of contribution which
is "a richly-documented, soberly-worded study
in contemporary history, concentrating into ten.
or twelve pages matter which could much more
easily be expanded into a book ten or twelve
times as long." Of the group of a half-dozen
or so of magazines thus referred to, he says:
"There is nothing quite like them in the literature of
the world — no periodicals which combine such width
of popular appeal with such seriousness of aim and
thoroughness of workmanship."
Having introduced his subject with these
general propositions, Mr. Archer proceeds to
the task of specific illustration. He takes some
two dozen recent numbers of the magazines in
question, analyzes their contents, and presents
them in a classified arrangement. The lengthy
list of titles selected includes such as Judge
Lindsey's " The Beast and the Jungle," Judge
Gaynor's " The Looting of New York," Gen-
eral Bingham's articles about the New York
police, a group exposing the political corruption
of San Francisco, a group upon the Pinchot-
Ballinger dispute, Miss Tarbell's "Where the
Shoe is Pinched" and "A Tariff-Made City,"
"A Carnival of Graft," "The Negro in Pol-
itics," "A Continent Despoiled," "The Ominous
Hush in Europe," "The Terror on Europe's
Threshold," "Barbarous Mexico," and " Spik-
ing down an Empire." These examples are
taken from the political groups ; under the head
of social topics we find mention of " The Case
against Trinity," "Blasting the Rock of Ages,"
"The Godlessness of New York," "Beating
Men to Make Them Good," " What Eight Million
Women Want," "The Bird Tribute to Vanity,"
and " Divorce and Public Welfare." Still other
groups cite " The Vampire of the South," " The
Sacrifice of the Innocents," " Does the Weather
Bureau Make Good?" "On the Trail of the
Ghost," "The Lure of Gold," and " The Inde-
cent Stage."
We have given only a small part of Mr.
Archer's list, but it is enough to make us
understand why an Englishman should rub his
eyes at the spectacle of a magazine activity
which leaves the enterprise of his own country
so far behind. But we think our critic takes
the entire manifestation a little too seriously.
It is true that these are all serious subjects, and
it is also true that almost every article in the
list is the product of an extended investigation
and of an amount of labor far out of proportion
to the ten or twelve pages that the article fills.
But those of us who for a series of years have
had these articles as a steady diet have come to
realize that their fundamental note is sensation-
alism, and that the underlying motive for their
multiplication is commercial rather than phil-
anthropic. The instinctive common sense of
the American people has labelled them as
"muck-raking " productions, and an instinctive
optimism has discounted their lurid imaginings
by about ninety per cent. They have stirred
us up, no doubt, and often in profitable ways;
but their bias and exaggeration, their deter-
mination to make sensational points at no mat-
ter what sacrifice of sobriety, have prevented
them from having much influence over serious-
minded people. They have aroused emotional
rather than reflective natures; and this is a
dangerous thing to do. Mr. Archer thinks that
these articles have been "an incalculable force
for good," of which we are by no means sure;
but he admits that they exhibit the logical
weakness of " an insufficient thinking-out of the
fundamental ideas on which their crusade is
based." To our mind a much more fatal weak-
ness is found in their attitude of parti pris, in
their assumption that everything is either black
or white, and in their unblushing appeal to preju-
dice. Some of them are doubtless comparatively
free from these faults; but since Mr. Archer
seems to cover them with a blanket approval, we
feel bound to suggest that the opposing point of
view is likely to result in a sounder judgment.
Mr. Archer wishes that the English magazines
might foIlow the example thus set them on this
side of the water; and if they were to follow it
in moderation the enterprise would probably be
desirable. There are subjects enough for exploi-
tation at the English editor's hand, if only he
realized his opportunities. The reasons why he
does not make the venture are two in number,
and are thus stated:
"The mildest of the progressive magazines, if its
matter applied to England aud were published in En-
gland, would beget such a monthly crop of libel suits as
would bring unheard-of prosperity to the legal profes-
sion."
Furthermore, the English cheap magazines
"have neither the circulation nor the advertisements
which would enable them to pay for it. The American
editor will pay more for a single article than an English
editor would pay for the whole matter of one of his
numbers."
These reasons are pretty nearly prohibitive, as


1910.]
381
THE
DIAL
we may easily understand. But if the English
public cannot benefit by the freedom (degenerat-
ing into license) of our American editors, and by
the gambling spirit which controls their expen-
diture, it has its own organs for the discussion
of serious public concerns. If we could support
in this country a group of monthlies like " The
Contemporary," "The Fortnightly," and "The
Nineteenth Century," and a group of weeklies
like " The Spectator," "The Nation," and "The
Saturday Review," we would gladly exchange
for them the whole galaxy of our muck-raking
magazines. Sobriety, in the long run, is more
effective than sensationalism as an agency of
reform, and writing that appeals to the intel-
ligence has a farther-reaching and more lasting
influence than writing that appeals chiefly to
the emotions.
THE CHARM OF GUIDE BOOKS.
I have often wondered that in his catalogue of
"hooks which are no hooks" (comprising "Court
Calendars, Directories, Draught Boards hound and
lettered on the hack, Almanacs, Statutes at Large,"
and other biblia a-biblia), Charles Lamb did not
include Guide Books. To be sure, there were but
few such in his day. Travelling was expensive and
wearisome, and the booksellers had but little induce-
ment to forestall Baedeker. Guide Books indubit-
ably there were, but it is a question whether the
gentle Elia ever held one in his hand. To-day, how-
ever, every library of even tolerable pretensions has
(not boasts) its topmost or lowermost shelf of red-
covered books, mute and inglorious discarded com-
panions of wanderings by sea and by land. A
brand-new Guide Book is, at the best, but endured
as an intellectual vade mecum; a Guide Book out-
of-date is poor company indeed.
Now, perhaps from sheer contrariness, I want to
say a good word for these cast-off fellow-travellers,
these humble, dusty, upper-shelved volumes, whose
titles are the indexes, it may be, of happy days when
we were younger, and Europe and Egypt and even
the more distant portions of our own continent were
still to us a land of dreams. I could dwell on the
memories that are embalmed in these well-thumbed
little volumes: on the faded ivy leaf that still marks
the page devoted to Bydal Mount; the pressed fern
that grew "in the crannies" of the Coliseum; the
blood-red field-lily from the shadow of Rachel's
Tomb. But just now I am not concerned with the
sentimental value of Guide Books, rather with their
power to interest and amuse from an entirely imper-
sonal standpoint.
What more delicious reading for a weary brain
than this local "Surrey"? Opening at random, I
find myself not far from Dorking—"an admirable
halting-place for the pedestrian, who might stay here
for a month and find a new walk every day."
Then follow the directions for roads and foot-paths,
"along the ridge of the downs," "over Milton
Heath," "through the woods to Deepdene," or
"under the fir-clad Bidland Hill." The very names
are soothing, and as we wander through English
meadows and lanes the thought of pestilential prob-
lems, of financial crises, of ward politics, are less
insistent than the piping of the redbreast in the
holly-bush, or the plashing of the waterfall by the
moss-grown mill beside our path.
For practical assistance in the matter of topog-
raphy, history, and, to some extent, local color, the
Guide Book is far superior to the gazetteer. Where,
for instance, can so much condensed information as
to modern or ancient Egypt be found as in the little
red-covered volume which has been the butt of so
many shafts of ridicule, launched by novelists who
are not ashamed of drawing very long bows indeed?
If you want to learn about your own country, read
one of those small German Guides, and be wise.
Are you puzzled by a newspaper despatch from some
obscure hamlet of Norway or Austria, your Guide
Book, with its faithful maps, sets you right
In the older specimens of this despised class
of literature are quaint directions and suggestions
redolent of other days. My own earliest trip to
Europe was in 1873; and I remember that one of
the first oddities I encountered was fractional silver,
I having been "brought up," so to speak, entirely
on paper scrip, which was in use here between 1862
and 1875. It is not surprising, therefore, to find
in Morford's European Guide for 1873 the expenses
of the trip reckoned both in currency and gold—
the latter, as is expressly stated, "being at 120."
The traveller was warned that he "would always be
charged for a whole candle" at his hotel, "whether
he used it or not." At that time, probably not half
a dozen hotels in Europe were lighted throughout
by gas. Electric light, of course, was not dreamed
of, outside of Jules Verne's "Twenty Thousand
Leagues under the Sea," which was published that
same year.
In a White Mountain Guide Book of 1869, the
reader is told: "Be careful, as soon as you arrive"
(at the Crawford House, "a large, new edifice")
"to book your name for a horse to Mt. Washington,
as often all the ponies are engaged for a day or two
beforehand." The Mt Washington Railroad was
opened that summer, but was not connected with the
Maine Central, the distance between the lower ter-
minus and Fahyan's being traversed by old-fashioned
coaches. The carriage road was completed in 1861.
History, by the way, has been repeating itself in
1909. The Western "burro" has been imported,
and travellers have once more ridden up the steep
old bridle-path from Crawford's to the Summit.
Don't forget to book for a burro!
Perhaps the queerest, quaintest old Guide Book
I have in my possession is a little volume of about
four by five inches, called "La Vera Guida per Chi
Viaggia in Italia." It was printed at Rome in 1775,


382 THE
[June 1,
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and is dedicated, in four pages of extra large type,
"All' Illustrissimo Signore Tommaso Jenkins"!
Who this most illustrious Thomas Jenkins was, I
have never been able to ascertain; but I trust he was
proud of the honor and of the sturdy little book in-
scribed with his name. The frontispiece represents
a post-carriage with two postillions, and a rider ahead
lustily blowing his horn. There are many delightful
maps, showing post-roads; needless to say, the old-
world geography of the country was practically the
same then as now. Included in the general pre-
fatory "Instructions" is a feature which I do not
remember finding in Baedeker. "A traveller," says
the author, "ought before all things to commit
himself to God, without whose assistance every
enterprise is vain." And, accordingly, a form for
devotions is given forthwith—a humble and rather
touching little prayer for the safety of the tourist
and of the dear ones he has left behind. A little
further on are careful directions how to deal with
wolves and bears en route. "If the traveller has
no arms wherewith to defend himself, he can escape
from the peril by striking fire from a flint-and-steel,
wolves especially being afraid of fire, essendo i Lupi
specialmente assai timorosi del fuoco."
Willis Boyd Allen.
CASUAL COMMENT.
June advice from the "Old Librarian's
Almanack" will apply just as well, or as ill, to
this year of grace 1910 as to the year 1774 for
which it was ostensibly written. On the calendar
page we read: "Stand not outdoors, gaping like a
ninny at nature. She will take care of herself.
Read your books." Seasonable counsel, that, for
those who have been stretching their necks and
straining their eyes at all hours of the night in
search of Halley's Comet. Halley's Comet will take
care of itself. In this summer season, with vacation
at hand, there is danger of idle and otherwise unde-
sirable visitors to the sacred precincts of the library.
Note the following: "No Person younger than 20
years (save if he be a student, of more than 18
years, and vouched by his tutor) is on any pretext
to enter the Library. Be suspicious of Women.
They are given to the Reading of frivolous Romances,
and at all events, their presence in a Library adds
little to (if it does not, indeed, detract from) that
aspect of Gravity, Seriousness and Learning which
is its greatest Glory." More in the same strain is
added, but we refrain from quoting further, lest we
get into trouble with the New Woman, the Suffra-
gette, and other "advanced" members of the sex,
and will content ourselves with one more excerpt.
"Let no Politician be in your Library, nor no man
who Talks overmuch. It will be difficult for him to
observe Silence, and he is objectionable otherwise,
as well. No Astrologer, Necromancer, Charlatan,
Quack, nor Humbug; no Vendor of Nostrums, nor
Teacher of false Knowledge; no fanatick Preacher
nor Refugee. Admit no one of loose or evil Life;
prohibit the Gamester, the Gypsey, the Vagrant. . . .
See to it that none enter who are Senile, and none
who are immature in their Minds, even tho' they
have reach'd the requir'd Age." With the advent
of summer comes a blessed relief from the season of
rush and worry, whereof that worthy bibliothecary,
Master Enoch Sneed has written: "I am so be-
pestered and bothered by persons insinuating them-
selves into the Library to get Books that frequently
I am near to my Wit's end. There have been days
when I was scarce able to read for two Hours con-
secutive without some Donkey breaking in upon my
Peace." Few librarians of the present day, how-
ever, will be disposed to take literally Master Jared
Bean's advice for the summer season, — " Let no
intruder put your ease in doubt; lock fast the door
& keep the rascals out."
The Sunday-newspaper monstrosity is not
without prospect of mitigation. We have long
believed it must change or pass. There may be
readers willing to spend their Sundays delving in
these literary rubbish-heaps, — the fact that they
continue to be produced indicates it. But to ordi-
nary self-respecting mortals, who want the important
news on Sundays as on other days, and object to
being compelled to traverse a wilderness of sensa-
tional print and a morass of vulgar pictures to get
it, the Sunday paper is a pest and a calamity. A
good illustration,.which we give at first hand, occurs
to us. A prominent journalist was asked by his
managing editor what he thought of a certain feature
of last Sunday's paper; to which the frank reply
was given that he (the journalist) never read the
Sunday paper. "Don't you?" said the managing
editor, a bit disappointedly,— adding, rather grimly,
"Well, I don't blame you, — I wouldn't read it
myself if I didn't have to!" The encouraging
news comes from Boston of the issue there of a
modest one-cent .Sunday journal, uniform in char-
acter with the same paper's week-day issues, and
containing the news of the world, and a sufficiency
of other matter, unencumbered with a mass of rub-
bish. Mr. Frank A. Munsey, founder and proprietor
of many magazines, in adding a soberly-restrained
Sunday issue to his "Boston Journal," has rendered
a service to newspaperdom and to the reading public.
He well says in his first number (May 8): "The
Sunday newspaper is an illogical product. It is no
more a newspaper than it is a magazine, or weekly
paper, or comic paper. If we want a newspaper and
nothing else, why should we be compelled to buy
half a dozen other publications with it? ... If we
want a magazine, why be compelled to buy a comic
weekly? If we want a comic weekly, why be com-
pelled to buy a story-paper? If we want a story-
paper, why be compelled to buy the cut-out scheme
for children? If we want the cut-out scheme, why
be compelled to buy a magazine?" The general


1910.]
383
THE DIAL
public, we believe, will be grateful for this relief, and
gladly devote some of the time thus saved to the art
gallery, the museum, and the public library reading-
room, whose Sunday opening has not been facilitated
by the prevalence of the time-consuming Sunday
newspaper in its present bloated shape.
Two aspects of litebary leisure present them-
selves. Its charms may be those of the siren —
seductive and ruinous; or the delights of lettered
ease may be productive of worthy works of litera-
ture (a " Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,"
for example) impossible to one not entirely in com-
mand of his time and movements. In the Preface
to Volume III. of the " New Variorum Edition of
Shakespeare," occur these words from the genial
editor's pen: "Can we fail to prize the flashes of light
(all too few) thrown here and there upon Shake-
speare by Charles Lamb, that genius, wasted in
the India House, whom, had England known the
gift of God, she would have pensioned bountifully _
and set to recording the thoughts these plays evoked
in him that we might be brought into nearer com-
munion with the great Poet than, with all our labori-
ous verbal criticism, we have yet been able to reach?"
But can one who knows the life of Lamb and remem-
bers the barren tedium of his later years, when retire-
ment and a handsome pension left him at leisure to
record all the beautiful thoughts evoked in him by
whatever means, fail to suspect that it was precisely
that daily grind at the India House that drove his
chafed spirit to seek relief in those exquisite essays
that now delight us in the reading as they solaced
him in the writing? One of our most charming
present-day essayists, not unworthy of mention in
the same breath with Elia, is the pastor of a large
church and occupied with the varied duties of an
extensive parish. What wise person would wish the
author of "The Gentle Reader" set free to spin
out his thoughts for us at ample leisure and in cold
blood? . . .
An American season in the London book-
market now cheers the heart and swells the bank
account of more than one fortunate Yankee author.
Colonel Roosevelt and Commander Parry naturally
create a demand for their writings wherever they
go; and the English circulation of their works is ac-
cordingly very brisk. Mark Twain's lamented death
has sent his numerous British admirers back to their
"Innocents" and their " Roughing it." The death
of another American, the self-expatriated author of
the Saracinesca series of romances, together with the
posthumous appearance of his "Undesirable Gover-
ness," has made even more evident than before the
favor he enjoys among English novel-readers. Con-
sidering the number of Mr. Crawford's books and
the speed with which they were produced, one must
admit that even the later and less carefully studied
display an astonishing wealth of resource and mas-
tery of the romancer's art. 'We long ago learned
what sort of characters to expect from his pen, and
what sort of conduct to expect from his characters;
but nevertheless they hold the attention to the end.
Another London favorite of the hour (and perhaps
longer) is Mr. Winston Churchill, whose latest story,
"A Modern Chronicle," is having a brisk sale that is
expected to be of some continuance. On the whole,
American literature seems to be making its way.
The reprehensible re-christening of books,
which causes so much annoyance and confusion to
the reading public, so many bibliographical blunders
to librarians, catalogue-makers, and collectors, and
such needless bother to book-dealers, deserves to be
scored in the sharpest of terms. How many an
admirer of Mr. Thomas Hardy, for example, or of
the late Marion Crawford, eager to read every
volume from the favorite novelist's pen, has been
betrayed by a mere difference of titles (in English
and American editions) into buying, borrowing, or
begging an already once-read, if not twice-read, tale!
A late communication to the London "Athenaeum"
touches feelingly on this subject in describing a case
possessing some peculiar features. "I have been
comparing," says the writer, " two novels by Cleve-
land Moffett, 'A King in Rags,' published by Sidney
Appleton in 1908, and 'The Battle,' published by
John Milne in 1909. I find that to all intents and
purposes they are the same work rearranged. . . .
Cases like tbis are very trying both to librarians
and readers."
A SUMMER RESORT'S SUMPTUOUS LIBRARY is about
to be added to the attractions of Great Barrington,
among the Berkshire hills in Massachusetts. The
present library building in that beautiful town is
unworthy of its environment, and its fine site will
soon be occupied by a fifty-thousand-dollar structure.
This may not mean that the butterflies of fashion
who each summer and autumn make gay the streets
of the old town will turn blind eyes and deaf ears
to the lure of the golf course, the afternoon tea, the
evening hop, and the loud-honking automobile, and
will all become patrons of the public library; but at
least the permanent residents of the place will have
the satisfaction of seeing their common stock of the
world's best books worthily housed.
■ • ■
The increased demand for Mark Twain's
books, since his death, is met by his publishers
with a large reprinting of " Life on the Mississippi,"
"A Tramp Abroad," " Roughing It," "Pudd'nhead
Wilson," and "Sketches Old and New." We sur-
mise that the presses will have also to get busy
presently with new impressions of "Tom Sawyer"
and "Huckleberry Finn." It is an all too common
experience among the frequenters of public libraries,
to find no copy of either of these masterpieces on
hand. The late Sir Walter Besant was enthusiastic
in his praise of " Huckleberry Finn," and there have
not been wanting others to rate the book as its
author's greatest production. Those who have not
yet tasted its delights have a pleasure in store for
which they are to be envied.


384
[June 1,
THE
DIAL
fteto §oohs.
Essays in Divers Moods.*
However stoutly it may be maintained that
there is no demand for poetry and essays, yet
the poets and essayists are not to be silenced.
Like Garrison, they will be heard ; and it would
be an evil day for current literature if they
should weaken in this determination. The num-
ber and quality of these essay-books and poetry-
books continually appearing, and enjoying at
least a very respectable public-library patronage,
we must regard as creditable to all concerned.
The light essay may lure the reader-f or-pleasure
away from a too exclusive indulgence in novels
to unexpected delights in other literary fields.
"Essays on the Spot," by Mr. Charles D.
Stewart, author of " The Fugitive Blacksmith"
and "Partners of Providence," is a book con-
fessedly lacking the studied unity of a Greek
tragedy, but possessing the inevitable unity of
the writer's personality and peculiar habits of
thought and expression. "My only experience
with the Emersonian advice of 'Room alone
and keep a journal,'" he tells us, "had been
in the middle of a Texas prairie under the stars
in space; and that is really room." Much of
the dash and freedom of Texas cowboy life has
found its way into these highly unconventional
records. A typical example is to be found in
"The Story of Bully,"—the amazing feats of
strength of a Texas steer, with some excellent
bovine philosophy interspersed. "On a Mo-
raine" treats of geology and agriculture and
human nature in Wisconsin, and is full of
shrewd observation. In a wholly different essay
on Coleridge's "Kubla Khan," the writer enters
territory not quite so familiar to him from boy-
hood. Ingeniously, though rather laboriously
and at undue length, he makes of the fragmen-
tary poem a sort of cosmic myth. "Here do we
see," he announces, after quoting the opening
lines, "the great Power making the universe.
And more especially the blue dome that is over
all — the sky and its contents." It is all studi-
ously worked out, and for that reason so much
less delightful than Mr. Stewart's spontaneous
utterances elsewhere in the book. A chapter
•Essays on the Spot. By Charles D. Stewart. Boston:
Houghton Mifflin Co.
On Everything. By H. Belloo. New York: E. P.
Dntton & Co.
At the Sign of the Hobby Hobse. By Elizabeth
Bisland. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
Rest and Unrest. By Edward Thomas. New York:
E. P. Dntton & Co.
on "The Study of Grammar" is original and
full of novel ideas; but, again, we like the
author better out in the open than in the study
or library.
In Mr. Hilaire Belloc's reprinted articles
from "The Morning Post " we have a book of
light and short essays conceived in the best of
moods. "On Everything " forms a companion
volume to the same author's similar collection
entitled " On Nothing." As in the Hegelian
sense "everything" and "nothing " are syn-
onymous, the two sets of essays may be regarded
as identical in theme. In seven or eight small
pages to an essay, the writer discourses, in a
friendly and sometimes intimate fashion, on all
sorts of minor topics, choosing often the Baconian
form of chapter-heading, as, " On Saturnalia,"
« On Song," " On High Places," "On Streams
and Rivers," " On Old Towns," and " On Rest."
His praise of song is enthusiastic and not unde-
served; but when he goes so far as to say, "Nor
is there any pleasure which you will take away
from middle age and leave it more lonely, than
this pleasure of hearing Song," he underesti-
mates the calm delights of reflection and silent
observation that are the birthright of rational
man as distinguished from that other vertebrate
biped, the twittering bird. Mr. Belloc's pleas-
ing manner is too well known to need commen-
dation.
Miss Elizabeth Bisland relates that from
her earliest childhood her favorite exercise
has been what might properly be called ligno-
equestrianism; and so, in a somewhat "hobby"
mood, she gives us her opinions and pet enthu-
siasms in a series of thirteen chapters, largely
literary in theme, entitled collectively "At the
Sign of the Hobby Horse." Especially season-
able is her essay on nature-books, though she
does not refrain from a little mild ridicule of
the fad-chasing variety of nature-students and
nature-writers, and of course she has her word
to say about intelligence in animals. In an
entertaining chapter on children's books she
praises the late Sophie May as " the first realist
among the writers for children," and relates
how she herself earned the money to buy
the "Dotty Dimple" series by denying herself
butter for three months. She then deplores
what seems to her a marked inferiority in the
series succeeding the Dotty books. But she
forgets that Dotty herself was the successor to
Prudy; and there are to-day hosts of infants
as delighted with Flyaway as with the earlier
Dotty. We suspect Miss Bisland had outgrown
this sort of literature when she tried to recap-


1910.]
385
THE
DIAL
tare the former rapture in the later series. Con-
temporary magazine poets, with their "diluted
little drop of thought in one verse of from four
to six lines,'' are evidently not among the
writer's hobbies. Her book is fresh and vig-
orous and worth reading from beginning to end.
Mr. Edward Thomas's "Rest and Unrest"
is made up of nine short studies in human
nature — rural human nature in an English
setting. They are all pitched in a minor key,
with the occasional sounding of a tragic note.
Many a glimpse is had of cottage interiors and
the inmates there gathered about the hearth or
the table. Mention of a certain "crowded meal of
new loaves, seaweed ' bread,' bacon, apple pasty,
and plentiful thin tea," makes the uninitiated
wonder what seaweed bread may be. Local
color rather than action — for little or nothing
is really done — gives this slender book its
character. There is far more of rest than un-
rest—perhaps an excess of drowsy stillness—in
its pages. Percy F. Bicknell.
The Nature Virtues.*
Although to people who are not enthusiastic
over everything that is classed as "Nature"
the nature-virtues may not seem virtues at all,
no nature-lover has any doubt that they are pre-
eminent among human qualities, and as precious
as they are rare. The more widespread the fad
of pretending to them, the more inimitable they
seem to those who are conscious of possessing
them.
The first of these virtues is an original esti-
mate of value, quite at variance with worldly and
sometimes even with scientific standards. Since
the time of Agassiz, who " had no time to make
money," the real nature-lover has sacrificed
worldly prosperity to the delight of his vocation
—or avocation, whichever it may be; at least he
has done this if circumstances were not too much
against him. He knows quite well that a blue-
bird is more beautiful than a bond; that the
*How ro Study the Birds. By Herbert K. Job.
Blustrated with Photographs from Life by the Author.
New York: Outing Publishing Co.
Thk Black Beak. By William H. Wright. Blustrated
from Photographs by the Author and J. B. Kerfoot. New
York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Wilderness Pets at Camp Buckshaw. By Edward
Breck. With Illustrations from Photographs from Life.
New York: Houghton Mifflin Co.
A Cycle of Sunsets. By Mabel Loomis Todd. Boston:
Small, Maynard & Co.
Woodland Paths. By Winthrop Packard. Blustrated
by Charles Copeland. Boston: Small, Maynard & Co.
blossoming of a violet is more vital than the
formation of a syndicate, and that it is a dese-
cration to look upon growing grain with an eye
only to the price it will bring in the market.
He knows also that a live butterfly is more inter-
esting and more important to science than many
dead hippopotamuses. Consequently, if he lives
up to his virtues he is more or less regardless
of conventions. He does not affect sporting cos-
tumes, but "wears out his old clothes"; he rises
any time after dark and walks in the most un-
likely places to find out what the owl is doing, or
to see the crow, when he wakes in the early morn-
ing, "yawn with that prodigious black beak after
he has withdrawn it from under his wing, then
stretch one wing and one leg, as birds do"; he
forgoes his Thanksgiving dinner for a couple
of sandwiches and a tramp on the seashore; he
stays away from the opera to hear the first
meadow-lark of the season ; he takes his pet bear
with him for a walk down the village street;
and he weeps, if he feels like it, when the cat
that has shared his cabin and been his friend for
a season is spirited away.
Such a person is, of course, a being of un-
quenchable ardor. He can well afford to smile
indulgently at the fancied nature-lover whose
patience shows itself in sitting comfortably on
a bank all day to see the birds go by,— for he
himself has knelt three hours in the mud to get
a photograph of a marsh-wren, and has been
protected from rheumatism by his fervor; he
has scaled a forty-foot pine-bole with disaster to
his skin, to bring a bear cub down unharmed,
and has spent days wading in bogs up to his
waist in water. Crowning all his other virtues
is that special quality by reason of which he is a
nature- lover. Call it what you will — catholic-
ity, sympathy, humanitarianism, tenderness, or
love — its touch makes the world of men kin
with the world of animals. To it the destruction
of life, except in defense of other life, is impos-
sible; and the vaunting of trophies — except
perhaps those of the camera — is repugnant.
This high quality is wholly democratic and in-
clusive; and though it may recognize the fasci-
nation of a humming-bird as greater than that
of a loon, or the beauty of a deer as more than
that of a porcupine, it esteems and cherishes
the individual traits of each.
A small group of this season's nature books
exemplify these virtues. Mr. Job, in telling us
"How to Study the Birds," adds considerably
to the tale of the abundant reward that has come
to him in his loiterings in bird-land, and tells
explicitly and fully how others may follow in his


386
[June 1,
THE DIAL
footsteps and reach the same delightful results.
The novice may learn from this volume where
he may find nearly all of our common birds and
many of the rarer species, how he would best
equip himself, how he should manage his camera
and keep his records, and even how to proceed
in the delicate task of finding nests. The photo-
graphs are many, and unusually beautiful, show-
ing many birds "caught in the act," which have
never before been photographed in so intimate
a way.
The perfectly unaffected and very entertain-
ing story told by Mr. Wright about a black bear
which he caught as a cub and reared to maturity
is as good proof as one could ask of the pleasure
to be derived from companionship with a dumb
animal. Children will enjoy this book hugely,
for "Ben" was a jolly, rollicking scapegrace,
who had more thrilling adventures than fall to
the lot of most children, and always kept his
wits about him. The pictures of him in the vari-
ous stages of his babyhood, and especially when
he is learning to ride his pack-horse, are much
more amusing than if they were of a human
baby. The last half of the book is given to a
good study of the black bear and his habits.
Equally worthy of our acquaintance are the
"Wilderness Pets at Camp Buckshaw.' A
crow, a raven, two bear cubs, a moose calf, two
sea-gulls, and a porcupine, besides a cat, some
dogs, and several young people, kept that happy
spot enlivened through a summer, and, in spite
of some prejudices among the pets, derived
mutual benefit from the experience. There are
good portraits of all the members of the demo-
cratic family, and the story of their life together
is a notable addition to the broader sociology
which " Uncle Ned," the leading spirit of Camp
Buckshaw, was teaching his "nephews and
nieces."
A book of specialized interest is Mrs. Mabel
Loomis Todd's "Cycle of Sunsets," in which
the author describes the most beautiful of the
sunsets she saw in a year from her home on
Amherst hill. The descriptions are well worth
reading, and will have a useful influence if they
encourage others to pay more heed to the daily
pageant of the western sky. Mrs. Todd weaves
a college love-story into her experience of clouds
and sunset light, and thus adds a human interest
to her calendar of radiant pictures.
A little book by Mr. Winthrop Packard,
which the author modestly calls "Woodland
Paths," gives very charming expression to the
spirit of the true nature-lover. It shows no
limitations of preference, except that it is a dis-
tinctly spring book. Crows, butterflies, eels,
bullfrogs, the brook, spring dawns and sunsets,
Ponkapog Pond and the bogland around it,
wild-flowers, weeds, and almost all the birds,
are a part of life to the author, and he has the
grace of words to convey the poet's meaning
which he gathers from them. A sense of humor
is almost always latent, too, in his view of things.
In explaining why the March hare goes mad,
he says:
"Mad March winds are a good test of stability of
soul. He who can stand their weltings with serenity,
can watch his unanchored personal belongings go mad
with the March hare, and still thrid the sombre boskage
of the wood with sunny thought and no venom beneath
his tongue, ought to be President. Even the New York
papers could not make him bring suit."
Mr. Packard's " Woodland Paths " lead, as he
suggests the roads about Ponkapog do, "from
the land of humdrum to the country of ro-
mance." Unpretentious as are the pages of
his book, they stir in one the virtue of imagina-
tion — which also should have been mentioned
as one of the chief of the nature-virtues. For
example, he says:
"I never tramp these roads, which it sometimes
seems as if the pudwudgies moved about in the night
for the confusion of men, without being lost, at least
for a time, and finding a new boulder to worship. Once,
thus lost, I found a little gem of a pond, which hides
in the hollows a half-mile or so east of Pongapog Pond.
This, too, I fear the pukwudgies move about in the
night, for I hear of many men who have found it once_
and sought it again in vain."
May Estelle Cook.
A "Varied Group op Garden Books.*
To the chagrin of the many prophets of evil
who foresaw the cessation of all life which was
to follow the plunge of the good old Earth into
the tail of Ilalley's Comet, seedtime and harvest
are still to be depended on, and year by year
new generations of toilers must be taught what
•Little Gardens fob Boys and Girls. By Myrta
Margaret Higgins. Illustrated. Boston: Houghton Mifflin
Co.
Indook Gardenino. By Eben E. Rexford. Illustrated.
Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
Children's Gardens for Pleasure, Health, and
Education. By Henry Griscom Parsons. Illustrated. New
York: Sturgis & Walton Co.
In Praise of Gardens. Compiled by Temple Scott. New
York: Baker & Taylor Co.
The Garden Muse. Poems for Garden Lovers. Se-
lected and edited, with an Introduction, by William Aspinwall
Bradley. With frontispiece. New York : Sturgis & Walton
Co.
A History of Gardening in England. By Hon. Mrs.
Evelyn Cecil. Third edition. Illustrated. New York:
E. P. Dutton & Co.


1910.]
387
THE
DIAL
men have already learned by way of coopera-
tion with those seasons. To sow, to reap —
of all the arts of man, these are the most sym-
bolic; and in right sowing and right reaping
depend all things everywhere.
It would seem to be almost an instinct — the
desire that leads a man who has grown a cab-
bage or planted an orchard, or a woman who has
achieved the art of bedding out a plot of hardy
perennials, to set forth his or her experience in
a book. The reviewer of even a part of the
annual output of garden books must often shake
his head over the problem of grouping into a
well-balanced article the widely separated themes
and styles which gather themselves on his table
at this time of the year.
Four volumes on the list now to be considered
may be classed as pleasant and profitable hand-
books for beginners in the art of gardening.
In Miss Higgins's "Little Gardens for Boys
and Girls," both style and matter are simplified
to a degree which would make its pages a de-
light to a child of ten or twelve years old who
had a bit of ground all his own, a very little
money, and an honest heart turned in the right
direction. From Mr. Rexford's long experi-
ences in "Indoor Gardening," many harvests
have already been gathered. He has long sat
as chief justice in a court of appeals to which
countless readers of journals devoted chiefly to
household affairs have turned in troubled hours,
and from the endless questions which he has
been asked concerning ailing rubber-plants or
despondent geraniums he has learned exactly
how to put into words the advice most needed
by owners of a window-full of potted plants, or
the more fortunate proprietor of a small green-
house. There be folk who will gain more hope
for the welfare of the republic from Mr. Par-
sons's study of "Childrens' Gardens" than
from official announcements of many " Dread-
naughts " or the convening of delegates of many
congresses of peace. "True and well-balanced
conceptions of the great game of life" can
nowhere be more successfully taught than by
observation of and cooperation with the laws
that govern plant-life, upon which all sociological
problems, directly or indirectly, depend. The
inspiring pages of Mr. Parsons's book have for
their basis the work at the Children's Farm
School at Dewitt Clinton Park in New York
City; and so well is that work done that it is
hard to see why a second book need be written
on that subject for years to come. Into "The
Garden Primer," Miss Tabor and Mr. Teall
have condensed many of the facts which all
gardeners ought to know, but which many have
yet to learn, the result being a handbook both
pleasant and valuable. Good advice about soils,
fertilizers, insecticides, and fungi-destroyers,
outweigh in value the appended "Kalendar,"
which is not infallible.
From handbooks like these, one turns to
another world in the collection of verses "In
Praise of Gardens," compiled by Mr. Temple
Scott. The margins of its pages are not all
that could be desired, but otherwise the setting
of the poems is satisfactory for a book which is
of a happy price that permits it to go on many
bookshelves where the costlier volumes are
barred out, and of a pocketable size which is an
added recommendation for it now that garden-
days are here, and there are those who can
even read in gardens. On each alternate page
a dial-inscription serves as headline, and the
divisions into which the selections are grouped
are also prefaced by dial-lines. The range of
poets is both long and broad: Homer sings of
the Garden of Alcinous, Theocritus of later
Greece, and King Solomon his old Asian Can-
ticle. The vernal melodies of Chaucer usher
in the songs of the English bards, which extend
from Elizabethan days to those of the king
who has just laid down the sceptre of the island
famous alike for its gardens and its poets.
There are loved voices for which we listen here
in vain, but the omissions are comparatively
few when all things are considered.
Still another anthology of garden verse is
Mr. W. A. Bradley's " The Garden Muse," pub-
lished almost simultaneously with Mr. Scott's
volume, noted above. The compiler in this case
"has simply sought to please himself, and those
whose taste chimes with his own, by weaving a
chaplet of choice garden flowers culled more or
less at random from the richest and rarest pas-
tures of poetry." Mr. Bradley has a right eye
and ear for the best poetry, and the bouquet
which he has brought together is of a fragrance
and diversity to delight every one who, either
in fact or fancy, owns a garden.
So comprehensive and scholarly a book as
Mrs. Cecil's "History of Gardening in England"
has heretofore scarcely crossed the Atlantic to
show us the difference between the best we can do
in gardens and the splendid things of which the
mother country can boast in countless instances.
As the Honorable Alicia Amherst (now Mrs.
Evelyn Cecil), the writer of this noble volume
has had the inestimable privilege of a life-long
association with the great library of her father,
known as the Amherst Library; and in the


388
[June 1,
THE DIAL
exhaustive bibliography which serves as one of
the appendices to this history, she attests her
familiarity with an astonishing number of the
great old books of the great old English horti-
culturists. We learn something of the sincerity
of her studies from the short preface to the
three editions of the work already published, in
which, speaking of her preparation for decipher-
ing the old English and old Latin (or Latinized
English) of the deeds, leases, rolls, and other
manuscripts necessary to her work, she says:
"I learnt to read the cramped handwriting and
abbreviations of the old records I had to con-
sult, by practising on the Wyklif, Northwode,
Hampole, and other fourteenth century manu-
scripts, to which I had free access at my home."
Some fifteen years ago Mrs. Cecil was given
the Freedom of the Gardener's Company, and
was furthermore admitted to the Freedom of
the City of London — honors almost never be-
stowed upon a woman — in recognition of her
scholarship, as evidenced in the present work.
As one turns these absorbing pages one sees the
old-time life of England, political, social, and
ecclesiastical, interpreted through its gardens
in a manner wholly fresh and delightful. The
"brief island-story " is told, not to the thunder
of the captains and the shouting, but in the
beneficent flowerings and fruitings which came
of changes and developments of the national life.
The Romans built walls that have crumbled and
vanished, but a list of Saxon plant-names show
how many fruits and vegetables they introduced.
The Norman Conquest affected the common
people through the new methods of horticul-
ture introduced; the Crusaders brought home
strange Asian growths; and from the wild sea-
rovers many treasures were gained from foreign
shores. The Tudors gardened very differently
from the monks who had kept the gentle art
alive through long ages, and the Jacobeans had
yet other plans than those of the days of the
Georges and Victoria. Every great event that
has affected England—the Revolution, the
Edict of Nantes, the Boer war—has meant some-
thing new, something beautiful, to the old gar-
dens, whose yew hedges and pleached alleys
have sheltered so many generations that the life
of one man is but an incident in their quiet
growth. Mrs. Cecil's tireless industry has made
it possible for us to identify almost every plant
named by our oldest poets and garden-writers,
and she has chosen her illustrations so fitly that
they include facsimiles of ancient MSS., plans
and elevations of noteworthy estates, portraits of
eminent herbalists, and photographic reproduc-
tions of old iron gates, fountains, leaden statues,
and topiary work, all of which may be studied
with profit and delight. The great lessons
which her book has for Americans lie in the
noble use of evergreen hedges, in the salutary
humility which recognizes that such historic
gardens can never be for us, and a becoming
gratitude that our friends across the sea hold
their treasures in sueh tender reverence.
Saba Andrew Shafeh.
Books of Travel and Adventure.*
After the firing of heavy artillery in the
African wilds for the past year, and the result-
ant discharge of a score of books that have
sometimes enlivened but more often deadened
our sense of the glory of the chase, it is pleasant
to hear the softer snap of the camera, and to
see the game after the shot, still on its feet, in
the splendid illustrations in Mr. A. Radclyffe
Dugmore's excellent book entitled "Camera
Adventures in African Wilds.-' These illustra-
* Camera Adventures in the African Wilds. An
Account of a Four Months' Expedition in British East
Africa. By A. Radclyffe Dugmore. Illustrated. New
York: Doubleday, Page & Co.
Fighting the Slave-Hunters in Central Africa.
A Record of Twenty-Six Years of Travel and Adventure.
By Alfred J. Swann. With introdnction by Sir H. H. John-
ston. Illustrated. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
Peaks and Glaciers of Nun Kun. A Record of
Pioneer-Exploration and Mountaineering in the Punjab Hi-
malaya. By Fanny Bullock Workman and William Hunter
Workman. Blustrated in color, etc. New York: Charles
Scribner's Sons.
Cruises in the Bering Sea. A Record of Further
Sport and Travel. By Paul Niedieck. Translated by R. A.
Ploetz. Illustrated. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
A Vagabond Journey Around the World. A Nar-
rative of Personal Experience. By Harry A. Franck. Illus-
trated. New York: The Century Co.
A Woman's Impressions of the Philld?pinks. By
Mary H. Fee. Illustrated. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co.
The Ship-Dwellers. By Albert Bigelow Paine. Illus-
trated. New York: Harper & Brothers.
Glimpses Around the World through the Eyes of a
Young American. By Grace Maxine Stein. Hlustrated in
color, etc. Philadelphia: John C. Winston Co.
Our Search for a Wilderness. An Account of Two
Ornithological Expeditions to Venezuela and to British
Guiana. By Mary Blair Beebe and C. William Beebe. Blus-
trated. New York: Henry Holt & Co.
Up the Orinoco and down the Magdalena. By
H. J. Mozans. Illustrated. New York: D. Appleton & Co.
Walks and People in Tuscant. By Sir Francis Vane.
New York: John Lane Co.
Tent-Life in Siberia. Adventures among the Koraks
and Other Tribes in Kamchatka and Northern Asia. By
George Kennan. Revised edition. Illustrated. New York:
G. P. Putnam's Sons.
The Picturesque St. Lawrence. By Clifton Johnson.
Illustrated. New York: The Macmillan Co.


1910.]
389
THE DIAL
tions, a hundred and forty in number, selected
from several hundred negatives made by the
author, are likely to lead the reader to think
that snap-shooting game in Africa is mere child's
play. The text will, however, prove that nervous
prostration is more likely to follow the man with
the camera than buck-fever is to attack the man
with the gun. A charging rhinoceros at a dis-
tance of fifteen yards may be an excellent target
and a sure bag for a modern gun, but as the
object of a harmless camera it presents quite
a different picture. Yet Mr. Dugmore got one
of his best photographs under just such condi-
tions. At another time he and his companion
set up a thorn-shed for protection, made prep-
arations for "flash-lighting" lions, and when
the lions came within three yards of the hiding-
place, growling in a nerve-racking fashion and
displaying fantastic shapes in the dark, the
daring sportsmen not only released the flash-
light but calmly went out into the field where
the four lions were in concealed quarters, and
re-set their apparatus. A typical passage in the
volume recounts the photographing of a herd of
buffalo, considered by African hunters to be one
of the most dangerous of all game.
"I returned with the utmost cautiou to where the
cameras were, and after making everything ready,
crawled through the grass as carefully as possible
toward where the buffalo were still feeding. In Rome
way they had become suspicious, and were sniffing the
air in a way that boded ill for me and my chances of
obtaining any pictures. Not daring to go nearer than
about 125 yards, I quietly lifted the camera above the
level of the grass, focussed carefully, and with trem-
bling fingers pressed the button . . . Were they get-
ting ready to charge? and if so, what should I do? I
had no rifle with me, and my companion was some dis-
tance away; and at any rate, what would one rifle do
in the way of stopping such a large herd if they meant
mischief? There being no visible means of escape, I
could see nothing to be gained by wasting time in
conjecturing; so I distracted my thoughts by taking
another photograph just as one of the big bulls was
bellowing. Then to my great relief they turned tail
and retreated to the shelter of the deep forest. As
they went I got one more picture just before the herd
had disappeared."
Though Mr. Dugmore went into the African
wilds primarly for just such scenes and pictures,
his book has the additional charm that comes
from a wide sympathy for all natural beauty and
from a sympathetic understanding of man in
his savage state as revealed in the native tribes
dwelling in British East Africa between Nairobi
and Guaso Nyiro. Such a book as this, with
its large page, clear type, and wonderful illustra-
tions, will appeal to a far larger circle of readers
than the multitude of books on Africa that are
now finding their way to the reading table.
Another book on Africa has lately appeared
that is worthy of serious attention — Mr.
Alfred J. Swann's " Fighting the Slave-Hunters
in Central Africa." The author's residence of
twenty-six years, from 1882 to 1909, in the
great lake region of the Dark Continent, makes
him one of those who can speak with authority
on the history of the overthrow of the slave-
trade carried on during the last quarter of the
nineteenth century by Tippu-Tib and his part-
ner Rumaliza, together with other notorious
slave-drivers. The primeval African wilderness
makes a startling background for Mr. Swann's
account of his efforts to wipe out the nefarious
human traffic which existed around Lakes
Nyasa, Tanganyika, and Victoria Nyanza, and
of his ultimate success in establishing a rigid
patrol and a protectorate for the hapless natives.
The human element in this tragic drama played
for so long a time in Central Africa assumes
almost heroic proportions in the great trades.
Mr. Swann's account of African development
will enlighten many readers, both missionaries
and others, who have followed Livingstone's
and Moffat's accounts of their efforts to heal
"Africa's open sore" in the British dominions.
The sumptuous volume entitled " Peaks and
Glaciers of Nun Kun," by Mrs. Fanny Bullock
Workman and Dr. William Hunter Workman,
will appeal particularly to those who have scaled
high places on the globe. Students of geography
too will find the present volume, like all the
well-written narratives of thesefamous mountain-
climbers, bristling with statistics of that little-
known group of mountains lying about a hundred
miles east of Srinagar, in the Province of Suru,
southwest of Ladakh and northwest of Zaskar in
the Himalayan region. These mountains were
first seen by the authors in 1898, when they
were making another exploration in Northern
Ladakh; but their determination to explore the
wondrous snow-bedazzled rock-peaked range was
postponed until 1906, when they succeeded in
making more extensive discoveries and more
accurate investigations of the Nun Kun range
than any other explorers have succeeded in
doing. Mrs. Workman's ascent of Pinnacle
Peak is a record ascent for women — twenty-
three thousand and three hundred feet. "It
was indeed," says Mrs. Workman, in speaking
of the septette of great peaks rising in solemn
majesty in the weird crepuscular light, "a
Ddmmerung of the mountain-gods, different in
meaning from Wagner's Gotterdammerung,
yet filled with the same spirit as that which
inspires his finest Nibelungen music, the deep


390
[June 1,
THE
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significance of Nature." Four sleepless nights,
an excessive scarcity of oxygen, a diet of granu-
lar kola, and a temperature ranging from high
summer heat to below-zero cold, with the resul-
tant depressing mental and physical difficulties,
made up some of the personal cost for this glo-
rious sight in the dwelling-place of the gods.
Ninety-two superior illustrations of mountain
scenery enhance the beauty and interest of the
work.
Mr. Paul Niedieck's volume entitled " With
Rifle in Five Continents," published last year,
was apparently so well received that the author
hastened to publish his more recent experiences
in Siberia and Alaska in a book having the title
"Cruises in the Bering Sea." This account is
different from that recorded in his first book,
in that it deals more with ethnological observa-
tions and with the natural resources of the
countries traversed. Nevertheless, the author—
who may be fittingly characterized as one of
the globe-chasing Nimrods now so numerous —
is best seen in his natural guise of a mighty
hunter. After a not uninteresting account of
his voyage from Seattle to Japan, he takes us
bear-hunting with him in Kamschatka, thence
to Marsovga Bay after bighorn sheep, and on
to Petropanlovsky and Anadyr to Cape Meech-
ken after walrusses — the latter quest, however,
meeting with no success. This part of Mr.
Niedieck's book is marked by such a remarkable
tale of things going awry that it makes uncom-
monly good reading, for the author is not at all
reluctant to lay the blame on other shoulders
than his own. The second part of the book,
which relates to Alaska, tells about the history
and development of that land, its mythology, in-
dustries (especially gold-mining) salmon-fishing
and fox-breeding, and the manners and customs
of the nations. The last part of the book tells
the story of the author's adventures in the
moose country. Though he makes lamentable
moans for the continued mishaps that befell
him during his seven months' trip in Siberia
and Alaska, he may rest assured that his second
book has gained such strength of structure and
breadth of view that it is far superior to the
rambling discursiveness of his first attempt.
Mr. Harry A. Franck's unusually interesting
volume, "A Vagabond Journey Around the
World," is a venture in the field of those famous
student-tramps, Flint and Wyckoff. After some
varied experiences as a tramp in vacation-time,
during his college days at Ann Arbor, he
planned a two-years trip around the world, of
which he says:
"The chief object of investigation being the masses,
I made no attempt during the journey to rise above the
estate of the common laborer. My plan included no
fixed itinerary. The details of route I left to chance
and the exigencies of circumstances. Yet this random
waudering brought me to as many famous spots as any
victim of a 'personally conducted' tour could demand;
and, in addition, to many corners unknown to the regu-
lar tourist"
With but scant equipment of means for the
journey, but with the merry heart and stout
will that characterizes the true vagabond, the
author made his way from Detroit to Glasgow
by tending cattle; earned his living in Mar-
seilles as a stevedore and "handy man";
shipped as a sailor to Port Said, where he
pounded beans for a living; acted as interpre-
ter, scribe, and guide in Beirut, and as a trans-
lator in Jerusalem; ran errands in Cairo; played
the circus clown in Colombo; inspected the
street-cars in Madras; "fagged" on the tennis-
courts at Delhi; worked as a general laborer
in Calcutta, Burma, Yokohama; and made his
way home as a sailor, and landed in Chicago as
a cattle-tender. His conclusion is that "A
man can girdle the globe without money,
weapons, or baggage." Few books of travel
will hold the reader's attention closer and set
his emotions astir quicker than this one.
Miss Mary H. Fee was one of the host of
school-teachers who followed the flag into the
Philippines; but, unlike many of her associ-
ates, she had the fortitude to remain there long
enough to gather more than surface impressions.
A decade of work in the islands, chiefly at Capiz
and Manila, enabled her to gather sufficient
interesting and instructive material to write her
book of " A Woman's Impressions of the Philip-
pines." Though Miss Fee has a goodly amount
of humor—an excellent thing in a school-teacher
— and plentifully sprinkles her volume with it
in describing her ardent endeavors to engraft
western civilization on the hybrid native stock,
she dwells at length on the greater problems of
the political, religious, social, and industrious
conditions of the Filipinos. American readers
generally, at this season of the year, will be ready
to agree with Miss Fee that the future of the
Philippines is more likely to be determined by
the introduction of the great American game of
base-ball than by the insistance that the Filipino
youngsters should learn to sing " My Country
'tis of Thee' every morning! Were old Fletcher
of Saltoun to revise his statement, he might say,
"Let me make the games of a nation, and I care
not who makes its songs." But Miss Fee, after
a furlough in America, is quite content that


1910.]
391
THE DIAL,
the "hurry-up " ideas of her native land should
remain there; for she finds the Philippines a
pleasing place — "a manana country, a fair,
sunny land, where rapid transportation and sky-
scrapers do not exist." Her conclusion is, how-
ever, that this fair land, now wavering between
American domination and the growing national
sentiment for independence, with the possibility
of Japanese guns some fine morning awaken-
ing the echoes of 1898 in Manila Bay, is in a
very unenviable position. Miss Fee's volume
adds nothing particularly new to our knowledge
of the people of the Philippines, but it is not
unworthy of having a place among the books
pertaining to our foreign possessions.
Very fittingly, Mr. Albert Bigelow Paine has
dedicated his book entitled "The Ship-Dwellers"
to "Mark Twain, Hero of my Childhood, In-
spiration of my Youth, Friend of These Later
Years." In his introductory chapter the author
tells of the influence that Mark Twain's "In-
nocents Abroad" exerted on his boyish imagi-
nation, and how as he grew older he learned that
the track of the Innocents might be a reality
for him. This possibility was made a certainty
one day when he heard that " the S. S. Grosser
Kurfurst would set out on her cruise to the
Orient with two tons of dressed chicken and four
thousand bottles of champagne." The days at
sea remind the author, and to some small extent
the reader, of the days that the lamented author
of the greater book spent in that questionable
pleasure. Then we pass with Mr. Paine through
his humorous account of his progress along the
shores of the Mediterranean, to Algiers, Malta,
Athens, into the Dardanelles, to Ephesus, into
Syria, down to Damascus, following in the steps
of the pilgrims of yesterday and to-day, to
Jerusalem, thence to Egypt, and home again.
When Mr. Paine writes of his personal experi-
ences, and those of his companions, he is capitally
diverting and original. The many pages of seri-
ous matter in the book are uncommonly instruc-
tive, so much so that we wish the author had
not followed in his humorous master's tracks
with such painfully short legs.
"I am merely a reporter of impressions," is
the remark written by Miss Grace Maxine
Stein on the title-page of her book, "Glimpses
Around the World through the Eyes of a Young
American." When one starts from Chicago for
a trip around the world via the Grand Canon
of the Colorado, the Flowery Kingdom, "The
Core of Conservatism" [China], "The Pearl
Drop in India's Brow " [Ceylon], " The Cradle
of Civilization" [Egypt], "The Land of Kings
and Prophets" [Palestine], "The Garden of
Europe" [Italy , thence through a series of
properly adjectived lands, back to " The Land
of the Free and Home of the Brave," and when
one with equal propriety fortifies oneself with
fitting or fitful quotations from the world's
great classics, then one may very rightly call
one's observations impressions. Unkind persons
may describe these impressions as gossipy; while
those who have a blunter way of putting things,
but a more intelligent way of looking at them,
may be inclined to associate the impressions
with that cosmopolitan dish called " chop suey."
For our part, we are disposed to apply that
much overworked word, naive, to Miss Stein's
impressions of the world as she saw it, — with
the reservation that she makes no attempt to
solve the world-problems as they presented
themselves to her wondering eyes. If any reader
of books of travel has never read a book about
a trip around the world, he may as well begin
with this one. It will introduce him to the
facts and the fictions of the notable objects on
the globe with sufficient accuracy and with a
corresponding appeal to the emotions, so that
he may continue to read more about the world
without impaired mental indigestion.
In the volume entitled "Our Search for a
Wilderness " we find " an account of two orni-
thological expeditions to Venezuela and to Brit-
ish Guiana," by C. William Beebe, curator of
ornithology in the New York Zoological Park,
and his wife, Mary Blair Beebe, the grand-
daughter of Roger A. Pryor. The first of these
expeditions, made in 1908, was up the Orinoco
Delta into the unknown mangrove jungles,
thence to the great pitch-lake La Brea. In
1909 these enthusiastic bird-hunters made three
trips from Georgetown: one to Hoorie Creek in
the northwest; another on the Aremu and the
Little Aremu in Central Guiana, and the third
to the southern Savannas. More than three
hundred and forty living birds, of sixty-five
species, were captured and placed in the zoolog-
ical collection. The authors carry something
of the brilliant coloring of their tropical sur-
roundings into their narrative. Their stories
of the hunting ants, the wonderful butterflies,
the talon-winged hoatzil bird of the mangrove
wilderness, the song of the quadrille bird, the
strutting of the curassow, the flight of the scar-
let ibis, the penetrating cries of the wilderness of
monkeys, and the multitude of things that make
life a constant surprise in a land but little ex-


392
[June 1,
THE
DIAL
plored and never fully described, will appeal to
the unscientific because of their newness and
to the scientific because of their fidelity and in-
structiveness.
"Up the Orinoco and down the Magdalena,"
by Dr. H. J. Mozans, is "the record of a jour-
ney made to islands and lands that border the
Caribbean and to the less frequented parts of
Venezuela and Colombia." Our general impres-
sion is that South America is a land teeming
with a variegated animal life; but the author,
after spending a year in the land, dissipates that
impression into thin air. "Nowhere along the
Orinoco, the Meta, the Magdalena, or elsewhere,
did we ever catch even a glimpse of a jaguar
or a puma, a manati or a sloth, a wild cat or a
wild pig. More than this, not once during our
entire trip through Venezuela and Colombia,
through forests and plains, did we ever see a
single monkey, except two or three that were
kept as pets by the natives." The birds, too,
which we have always imagined as clouding the
sky, the author informs us are conspicuously
absent. The uncommon interest of this book
will cause its readers to desire to see the author's
next volume, to be entitled "Along the Andes
and down the Amazon," which is promised by
Dr. Mozans in his preface.
The journeys of Sir Francis Vane, recounted
in his attractively printed book entitled "Walks
and People in Tuscany," were a continuous tri-
umphal procession "of quite the best sausages
I have eaten." Seemingly, all out-of-the-way
quaint old towns lost their picturesqueness un-
less they accorded the author the welcome of
Montemignajo: "We arrived there certainly
as prepared to enjoy the pleasures of lunch as
the more aesthetic pleasures of landscape." The
twenty-five chapters of the book centre around
Florence and Bagna di Lucca. Each chapter
concludes with a short predigested account of
roads and personally-tested inns. Practically
all of Sir Francis's walks took him to little-
known communities — to Tucecchio, the home-
land of the Bonapartes; to Ferrara, with its
ideal castle; to Montelupo, the place where
the monster she-wolf (whence the name) once
saved the inhabitants from destruction; to San
Martino, an imperium in imperio, the only
existing example of a fourteenth century Italian
republic; and to Turrite di Cava, with its pas-
toral mystery play. Here and there in the
book Sir Francis rises to the height of his sub-
ject, especially when he points out some vivid
contrast between the Old and the New Italy;
and he tells us much of interest about this
secluded region little travelled and undefiled
by tourists.
Mr. George Kennan's " Tent-Life in Siberia"
is now a classic in the literature of travel.
First published in 1870, the work has since
gone through many editions in the old familiar
blue binding, until now it is reissued in a more
befitting dress, with a new preface, new illus-
trations, and some new subject-matter. This
revised edition contains about fifteen thou-
sand added words — " including ' Our Narrow-
est Escape' and 'The Aurora of the Sea,' and
it also describes, for the first time, the incidents
and adventures of a winter journey overland
from the Okhotsh Sea to the Volga River — a
straightaway sleighride of more than five thou-
sand miles." The illustrations are from paint-
ings made by Mr. George A. Frost, who was
with Mr. Kennan on his expedition, and from
photographs taken by Messrs. Jochelson and
Borgoras, two Russian political exiles. If unique
experiences by field and flood, unusual hard-
ships in a detestable land, hazardous explorations
among a strange people, and a keen apprecia-
tion of the various natural scenery of Siberia,
attract the present generation of readers of
books of travel, then this new edition of an old
favorite is worthy of its new dress.
Mr. Clifton Johnson's book on "The Pic-
turesque St. Lawrence" sets forth the story of
the settlements along the great river, and details
the historical settings that lend such an awe-
inspiring aspect to the river from Lake Ontario
to the Gulf, a distance of seven hundred miles.
It is hardly necessary to add that Mr. Johnson's
own illustrations greatly enhance the value
and interest of the book, which is one of the
excellent volumes in the "Picturesque River
SerieS" H. E. COBLENTZ.
Mr. Francis H. Alien, who was associated with Mr.
Bradford Torrey in the editing of Thoreau's complete
Journal, has brought together in a volume entitled
"Notes on New England Birds" (Houghton) all of
Thoreau's references to bird-life to be found in the
fourteen volumes of the Journal. As Mr. Allen points
out, Thoreau was a writer before all else, — a describer
rather than an observer, one too intent on analogy to
become a trained scientist; and so for scientific accur-
acy we must go to other and duller writers. But
we can never go elsewhere for the finer and rarer
qualities that permeate his work. To have collected
these scattered bird notes into a single compact vol-
ume is a service for which nature-lovers should be
grateful.


1910.]
393
THE DIAL
Recent Fiction.*
It is quite safe to say of Mr. Thurston's "Sally
Bishop" that it is not a work to be recommended
for the reading of the young person. The more
difficult question of its fitness for the older person,
presumably fortified by virtuous principle and knowl-
edge of human wickedness, cannot be given so simple
an answer. It belongs to a large class of books
constructed upon a too familiar formula. A young
woman sins, and discovers the consequences to be
more serious than she had reckoned upon their be-
coming. She is just weak enough to make the sin
inevitable, the impelling circumstances being given;
and from the time of her lapse to the tragic ending,
the writer's every effort is bent to the task of making
her a sympathetic figure, and of weakening the props
of our moral judgment She is so good in most
respects, and her seducer is so far from being a
villain of melodrama, and the cry of her soul for
happiness is so poignantly voiced, and the whole
bewildering entanglement is set forth with such art-
fully sentimental sophistry, that the most austere
reader is in danger of being beguiled from his ad-
herence to the elementary standards of conduct, and
forced almost against his will to condone the woman's
offence. This is the subtlest form of immorality,
and its corrosive influence affects a large share of
our modern fiction; the present example is more
notable than most others because of the unusual
power which it displays in the analysis of motive
and the portrayal of character. As far as most of the
attributes of artistic fiction are concerned, it comes
near to being a great novel; but the canker is at its
heart. Unless we are to take refuge in the com-
fortable doctrine that there is no such thing as sin in
•Sally Bishop. A Romance. By E. Temple Thurston.
New York: Mitchell Kennerley.
The History of Mr. Polly. By H. G. Wells. New
York: Duffield & Co.
Fortune. By J. C. Snaith. New York: Moffat, Yard
*Co.
Thurston of Orchard Valley. By Harold Bindloss.
New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co.
Lady Merton, Colonist. By Mrs. Humphry Ward.
New York: Doubleday, Page & Co.
Poppy. The Story of a South African Girl. By Cynthia
Stockley. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
Nathan Burke. By Mary S. Watts. New York: The
Macmillan Co.
Caleb Trench. By Mary Imlay Taylor. Boston: Little,
Brown, & Co.
A Modern Chronicle. By Winston Churchill. New
York: The Macmillan Co.
Predestined. A Novel of New York Life. By Stephen
French Whitman. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
A Vioilantf. Girl. By Jerome Hart. Chicago: A. C.
McClurg & Co.
The Isle of Whispers. A Tale of the New England
Seas. By E. Lawrence Dudley. New York: Henry Holt
& Co.
The Red Symbol. By John Ironside. Boston: Little,
Brown, & Co.
The Sky-Man. By Henry Kitchell Webster. New
York: The Century Co.
any absolute sense, and that the demand for expi-
ation is a morbid self-delusion, we are bound to
condemn the treatment given the theme in all such
works as "Sally Bishop," and to resent the effort to
make us substitute sentimental for ethical standards
in our theories of conduct. It will doubtless be
replied that all this is begging the question; for our
modern thinking is so permeated with hedonism that
the very rocks of principle have become slippery,
and all the categorical imperatives of old-fashioned
morality are marks for the shafts of skepticism.
But we are still confident that the marks are not
as "easy " as they seem to their light-hearted assail-
ants.
We notice that Mr. H. G. Wells now classifies his
works of fiction as "romances" and "novels."
The former group includes all the wonderful inven-
tions that have to do with Martians and lunar expe-
ditions, and air-ships and comets, and fantastic
biological imaginings. These works are romantic
enough (in the sense of the romance of science), and
they appear all the more so when contrasted with
the smaller group, which makes us acquainted with
Mr. Lewisham and Kipps, and the haughty Ann
Veronica, and the hero of "Tono-Bungay," and the
Mr. "Elfrid" Polly who now claims our attention.
When Mr. Wells comes down to the plane of ordi-
nary mortality, he seems to feel it his stern duty
to depict for us types of depressing meanness
and blatant vulgarity. No Bohemian of the Latin
Quarter was ever quite so hard on the bourgeoitie
as Mr. Wells is by habit and malice prepense. We
presume this is a manifestation of the doctrinaire
element in his writing, and that he thinks his
socialist propaganda best served by filling us with
contempt for man as he is actually shaped by the
existing social pressure. Mr. Polly is perhaps the
meanest of all his creations. A draper's assistant
at first, then a small shopkeeper on his own account,
married to a slattern, he becomes so disgusted with
life that he attempts to escape from it by a combi-
nation of arson with suicide. The latter does not
come off, because his nerve fails him (he is going to
do it with a razor); but the shop is burned up, and
the insurance money collected from an unsuspecting
company. He then deserts his wife; and the rest
of his story (as far as it is told us) is an Odyssey of
vagabondage followed by an Iliad of warfare for
the occupancy of a humble post as handy man in a
rural tavern. All the figures in this tale are caric-
atures, often highly amusing ones, but Mr. Wells is
so much attached to the mannerisms of his invention
that he worries them to death. It is amusing for a
time to guess at Mr. Polly's meaning when he says
"rockcocky," and "allitrition," and "altaclation,"
but it proves wearying in the long run. The author's
humor is everywhere in evidence, and not all of it is
of this low type; but the smiles which it provokes
are apt to be dreary. On the whole, we find less
entertainment in this book than in the astronomical
and biological fantasies.


394
[June 1,
THE
DIAL
Mr. J. C. Snaith is a man of surprises. Each new
book that he gives us is the exhibition of a new man-
ner, and his accomplishment comprises the real or
the romantic, the sordid or the ideal, the comic or
the tragic, about as he pleases. His latest venture,
called •'Fortune," is a study in the archaic picaresque,
being concerned with the Spanish adventures of Sir
Richard Pendragon, a valiant braggart whom we at
first barely tolerate, but at last come to admire and
almost to love. He suggests at times Don Quixote,
Falstaff, Captain Fracasse, D'Artagnan, and Za-
globa; and the setting-forth of his exploits is after
the fashion of Mr. Maurice Hewlett as exemplified
in "Richard Yea-and-Nay." The scene of this
romance is the Spain of several centuries ago — a
period not too exactly defined — and the interest
increases steadily in joyousness from beginning to
end.
Mr. Harold Bindloss, in his " Thurston of Orchard
Valley," gives us another novel constructed in accord-
ance with his familiar formula. An Englishman,
more or less unfortunate or handicapped at home,
goes to the new world to build up his fortune. His
goal is British Columbia; and there he engages upon
a struggle for the conquest of nature which arouses
all his latent energies. His beginnings are of the
humblest, and he encounters obstacles that would
break a less determined spirit, but he overcomes
them with undaunted energy. A heroine appears at
the proper juncture, to provide him with inspiration.
She is far above him socially, and has to struggle
long and strenuously with her inherited ideals before
she can admit, even to herself, that simple strength
and sincerity of character outweigh all the external
attributes of a man. In the end, of course, she yields
sweetly and wholly, in the hour of her lover's dra-
matic triumph over the hostility of nature and the
villainy of man. Mr. Bindloss has told this story a
dozen times before, but each time with an interest
that makes it seem almost fresh. We should say
that he has never told it more effectively than in
this latest book, which is distinguished for fertility
of invention and straightforward dramatic action.
Thurston makes a very satisfactory hero, and his
engineering exploits are difficult and daring enough
to hold us fairly breathless. The author does not
indulge in subtleties of analysis, and his characters
are never deeply convincing in their psychology; but
he has a feeling for nature that he knows how to
make contagious, and an instinct for the picturesque.
If the company to which he introduces us is made
up of lay figures, it is at least an interesting society,—
and it must not be forgotten that most of the people
we meet in actual life are hardly more than lay
figures in our consciousness.
When we read Mrs. Humphry Ward's "Lady
Merton, Colonist," we almost suspect that she has
taken a lesson from Mr. Bindloss; for she has given
us essentially the same pair of lovers that his books
acquaint us with, provides them with the same back-
ground in the Canadian Northwest, and writes with
the same glowing enthusiasm of man's struggle
with nature on that outpost of civilization. That she
has bettered the instruction in some respects, goes
without saying, for her style always has something
of the quality of distinction, and she sees deeper
into characters than the facile psychology of Mr.
Bindloss. Lady Merton is an aristocrat to the finger-
tips, and George Anderson—the self-made and self-
reliant colonial —is somewhat handicapped by being
the son of a drunken reprobate; but love finds a
way — or, rather, Mrs. Ward finds a way for it —
and the outcome is all that could be desired by the
most sentimental of young women readers. The
author has evidently been a good deal impressed by
her Canadian journeyings, and it is also evident
that the C. P. R. has seen to it that she should be im-
pressed in the proper way; her voice rises at times
to a positive psean in praise of the new country, its
possibilities and its enchantments. There has been
nothing like it since Charles Eliot Norton came to
Chicago, was personally-conducted to its sights, and
proclaimed his discoveries to the world. It must
be confessed that the literary fruits of Mrs. Ward's
American travels are not exactly what we should
have expected. The present example is almost as
curious as its predecessor, which was heralded as a
study of life in the United States, and turned out to
be a tract on the divorce problem, with a Spanish-
Irish lady for a heroine. We cannot say that either
of the books has added materially to the author's
reputation.
It is evident that the colonial note is destined to
be heard with increasing insistence in the chorus of
British fiction. The self-consciousness and the senti-
ment of local patriotism that are so rapidly develop-
ing in the far-off lands that owe allegiance to the
British crown are rapidly making their way into lit-
erature, and are bringing with them a new coloring
and a new imagery. This is all to the good; and
the freshness of the new portrayals goes far to atone
for what crudity they still exhibit. We may fitly
link upon this occasion Miss Cynthia Stockley's
"Poppy," a romance of South Africa, with Mrs.
Ward's Canadian venture. Since Miss Schreiner
first took us by storm, we have had nothing from
South Africa more impressive than this vivid and
glowing romance of an Irish waif blossoming into
opulent womanhood under the skies of Natal. The
story is immensely complicated, and will not bear
summarizing; but it all centres about the heroine,
who sinned and was not defiled, and for whose pure
and passionate nature "a peace out of pain" was
finally wrought by the mysterious agencies of des-
tiny. So vital a creation is not often met with in
the pages of fiction, and even the book of life does
not frequently reveal a woman whose emotions are
raised to so high a power. This superb central study
is combined with many others, sharply-limned but
kept in proper subordination, and with various pictur-
esque and dramatic accessories which contribute to
the total impressive effect. The book lacks some-
thing in coherence and lucidity, but of its remarkable
power there can be only one opinion.


1910.]
395
THE DIAL
"Nathan Burke," by Miss Mary S. Watts, is one
of those novels which aim to give a cross-section of
American life as it appears to the sympathetic
observer in some carefully-chosen place and period.
It is much the same sort of book as Mr. White's
"A Certain Rich Man" — equally generous in
dimensions and equally overloaded with details —
but having the Ohio of the forties for its scene, instead
of the Kansas of a later half-century. It is also a
book that reveals a great deal of minute historical
knowledge and a remarkable power of characteriza-
tion, besides being informed with a very wholesome
idealism. Its hero is the Nathan Burke of the title,
a backwoods youth when we first know him, then a
resident of Columbus, where he passes through the
stages of chore-boy, grocery-store clerk, and fledg-
ling attorney; then a volunteer soldier in the Mexi-
can War; and finally a battle-scarred veteran of
about thirty returning to civil life. His story is
unfolded in the most leisurely way, and he tells it
himself from the vantage-point of his later years,
although the narrative is mostly given in the third
person. When he drops into the first person, as is
now and then the case, the effect is a little confus-
ing, for we are apt to fancy that the author is
speaking on her own account upon these occasions.
While the book is essentially a work of fiction, a
great deal of actual history is imbedded within it,
and many adroit touches are added for the purpose
of making it seem like a real autobiography. The
Mexican War scenes take up nearly half the book,
and give us an intimate view of that inglorious
episode in our history. Otherwise, the story is his-
torical only in its faithful reproduction of the con-
ditions of life in those early Western days — the
social customs, the forms of speech, and the phases
of political opinion. The characters offer a great
variety of types, are sharply individualized, and
are presented with a sympathy which embraces even
the most despicable among them. It is life itself
that the author gives us, rather than the artificial
arrangements of life found in most novels; her peo-
ple are real people rather than the studies of virtue
and villainy that we usually get, and that are so
much easier to make. The story is doubtless too
long-winded at times, but it is so human that we
cannot complain seriously of its length. It is cer-
tainly a remarkable product of the sympathetic
imagination, and one of the surprises of the season,
coming, as it does, from a writer hitherto almost
unknown.
The novels of Miss Mary Imlay Taylor always
suffice for entertainment, and exhibit a constantly
increasing skill in their construction. They give us
familiar situations worked out upon familiar lines,
and never worry us with problems or perplex us
with casuistry. The familiar story told us in
"Caleb Trench" is that of the man of the people
who from humble beginnings makes his way to the
esteem of the community in which his lot is cast,
and to the heart of the young woman who is des-
tined for him, but whose wealth and social position
seem to set her too far apart for hope. We know,
of course, that the chasm will be bridged, and that
the haughty maiden's pride will be subdued; we
know also that the man will reach his goal by deeds
of prowess, and will suffer discouragements that
would break the resolution of almost any man not
the hero of such a romance. The scene of these
sentimental operations is a town in the South, some-
where near the Mississippi; and the plot makes a
judicious mingling of political with private interests.
The rival aspirant for the heroine's hand is clearly
marked for defeat in the eyes of the practised
reader, and the sum of villainies piled up against
him is very satisfying. Seducer, embezzler, and
murderer, he betakes himself to other scenes when
the revelation is imminent, and Caleb, to whose
charge most of the offences have been laid, comes in
on the home-stretch without a rival in sight . Inci
dentally, he wins in the political game also, and
sees a Republican governor elected in a hidebound
Democratic Commonwealth. We should call this the
best story that Miss Taylor has thus far produced.
Neither the romance of American history nor the
network of American parochial politics is given us
in Winston Churchill's latest novel, but instead a
study of the restless luxury-loving young woman of
these later days, who drains the cup of pleasure
until she makes the natural discovery that there
are dregs at the bottom. The novel is called "A
Modern Chronicle," and its heroine might quite
properly be classified with the collection made for
our edification in Mr. Herrick's "Together," while
her environment is perhaps rather more suggestive
of that which Mr. Chambers is wont to provide for
those of his readers to whom the ways of " society"
are always an object of alluring and envious inter
est. Honora Leffingwell begins her life in Europe,
although of American parentage; but she is orphaned
when hardly beyond infancy, and transported to
St. Louis, where she finds a home with Uncle Tom
and Aunt Mary. It is a simple and charming home,
sweetened by all the elements that enter into true
human happiness ; but Honora has inherited worldly
instincts, and she has glimpses of glittering things
just beyond her reach that seem to her infinitely
desirable. When she visits some wealthy friends in
their summer home on the Hudson, she becomes so
enamoured of luxurious living that she accepts,
almost without reflection, the proposal of marriage
made her by a commonplace stock-broker. His
self-confident manner and general air of prosperity
win him an easy victory, upon which follow the
years of inevitable disillusionment. When Honora
at last reaches the breaking-point, she obtains a
divorce, and throws herself into the arms of a mas-
terful Rochester sort of man, who takes her to his
Virginia plantation to live. But his conservative
family and neighbors have old-fashioned ideas of
morality, and the couple find themselves practically
ostracized. The husband thereupon develops a
violent temper, and, one day seeking to work it off,
is thrown from a vicious horse and instantly killed.


396
[June 1,
THE DIAL
More dark years then follow for Honora, until, a
chastened and ennobled woman, she accepts the
devotion of Peter — simple, homely, faithful Peter
— the childhood friend whose love has never failed
her, and whom, had she possessed any discernment
of character, she would have married in the begin-
ning. The story is indeed "a modern chronicle,"
paralleled by countless examples in our age and
country. Such women as Honora have a great deal
to say about the individual's right to happiness, and
do not understand, until taught by stern experience,
that the only right recognized by the order of nature
is the right to suffer the full consequences of impa-
tient folly and a false perspective of the value of
life. Mr. Churchill's heroine learns the lesson very
thoroughly, and we leave her at the close with the
belief that she will really profit by it. We think
also that the author has shown himself fairly free
from the fault of most novelists who deal with
similar types and situations. He does not, in other
words, permit judgment to become dissolved in sen-
timent, nor does he coerce his readers into a sym-
pathy, which makes the heroine appear to be more
sinned against than sinning, more a victim of cir-
cumstances than of her own unregulated will. For
the rest, Mr. Churchill seems to have acquired a
closer hold upon life than his romantic excursions
have heretofore evidenced, and he has also improved
in his literary technique, although his style is still
far from achieving anything like distinction.
"Predestined," which is described as "a novel
of New York Life," is the work of Mr. Stephen
French Whitman, a writer whose name we have not
before seen upon a title-page. If it is a first novel,
it is a surprisingly good one, — a portrayal of char-
acter both vivid and penetrating, a study in realism
shot through with poetic glints. Its hero is ironically
named Felix, and his predestination is to become
entangled with one woman after another, and with
each new affair to sink lower in the scale of degrad-
ation, becoming in the end a hopeless derelict. He
is endowed with most of the graces and some of the
virtues; but a fatal weakness preys like a canker
upon the core of his being. In early manhood, he
learns with a shock that the fortune he had supposed
would come to him has disappeared, and that he
must gain a livelihood by his own efforts. He wins
the love of a beautiful and noble-hearted girl, who
might have saved him from himself, but speedily
forfeits her respeet and his own happiness by a
liaison with the wife of one of his friends. His
next affair is with a "chorus lady" of mercenary
instincts, who throws him over when she discovers
that his castles are all in Spain. Then he is attracted
by a faded and plaintive creature who has been
abandoned by her husband. This time he actually
marries, and drags out a miserable existence in her
company until her death sets him free. There is
not much more to relate; his progress to the gutter
is now rapidly accelerated, and he dies a suicide. In
outline, it is a gloomy enough story; but in detail it
seems less sombre, because the gloom is relieved by
much cheerful incident, and by the sense of a life
which is at least intensely lived, if with no high
ultimate purpose in view. The here's occupation
(he is a journalist) gives a kaleidoscopic pattern to
his career, and the promptings of his better nature
keep him in close contact with our sympathies,
despite the lamentable lack of self-restraint which
is his undoing. We instinctively murmur, " Oh, the
pity of it!" when we come to the closing pages of
this ill-starred record.
California in the fifties — in ,the period when
crime was rife, when the arm of the law seemed
paralyzed, and when well-meaning citizens thought
they were doing civilization a service by organized
lawlessness — is the scene of "A Vigilante Girl,"
by Mr. Jerome Hart. The veteran editor knows his
subject thoroughly, and exhibits a fair degree of
accomplishment as a novelist, although it is only
proper to say that his tale is more important in its
instructive than in its constructive aspect. As a
piece of Active art, it is rather mechanical and dis-
jointed; but as a detailed reproduction of the life of
a half century ago on the Pacific coast — the wild
politics and the wild money-getting, the unbridled
corruption and the untamed passion — it is vigorous
and effective. We must say that the hero does not
stir us to any very warm sympathy, but the heroine
is quite satisfactory. She is called "a vigilante girl"
because she at first' defends the vigilante methods;
but she learns in the course of time to recognize in
them a menace quite equal to that of the crime which
they were designed to combat. This seems to be
essentially the attitude of the author, and we cannot
doubt that it is justified by a dispassionate historical
survey of the whole unique situation.
"The Isle of Whispers," wherewith Mr. E. Law-
rence Dudley's ingenious romance is concerned,
seems to be only a few miles out of Boston, but
it is the headquarters of a gang of pirates whose
methods are both original and entertaining. A
young New York stockbroker is the hero, and his
yacht is wrecked upon the island in the first chapter.
The rascally inhabitants are ruled over by an aged
reprobate who has a beautiful daughter. The new
arrival falls in love with the girl (who is surprisingly
innocent of the nefarious character of her father's
enterprises), and accepts in pretended good faith the
offer of a partnership in the pirate business. But he
contrives to get word to the authorities, who make a
descent upon the island, and obtain possession after
a bloody scrimmage. The old man is killed, while
the hero and heroine escape together, and land in
New Bedford. It all makes a capital yarn, quite
as plausible as we have any right to expect, and the
excitement is not allowed to flag for a moment
The romantic novelist, casting about for a plot,
may easily do worse than find one in the history of
the revolutionary momement in Russia. Hardly
any other available field offers such attractive possi-
bilities for melodramatic effects, and a reasonably
fresh story is almost always to be found in that
quarter. We have read at least a hundred such


1910.]
397
THE
DIAL
stories, and yet confess that "The Red Symbol,"
by Mr. John Ironside, proves vastly entertaining.
It is based upon the happenings of the past five
years, which serve to make it really fresh in the
literal sense. The hero is a dashing American, and
the heroine is — twins. These sisters are so much
alike that the hero, although otherwise a person of
much perspicacity, cannot tell them apart, and thus
we are enabled in one chapter to mourn over the
tragic death of the heroine, and in the next to
make the pleasing discovery that she is alive and
safe. The plot all hangs upon a mysterious secret
organization, and has the usual concomitants of the
chosen symbol, the midnight assassination, the
tribunal which judges traitors, the accomplished
spy, the gallant rescue, and all the rest.
The romance of the air is clearly destined to rival
the romance of the sea as a motive for the story of
adventure. Among the pioneer uses that have
already been made of it, "The Sky-Man," by Mr.
Henry Kitchell Webster, is easily the most success-
ful. So thrilling a tale, indeed, and one so good
for boys of all ages, has not recently come within
our reach. The hero, erstwhile an American officer
in the Philippines, has been falsely charged with
unbecoming conduct, has left the service in disgust,
made himself an exile from civilization, and devoted
himself so successfully to the art of flying that when
the story opens he is disporting himself in the Arctic
solitude, a true monarch of the kingdom of the air.
He is cumbered with neither aeroplane nor dirigible,
but simply straps on his wings (measuring a hun-
dred feet from tip to tip), and makes something like
a hundred miles an hour at his own sweet will. One
day he becomes mixed up in a complicated situation
in the northern wilds. The complication has three
elements: the remnants of a polar expedition long
given up for lost, a piratical crew rescued by the
survivors and afterwards treacherously turning
against them, and a yachting company sent out in
search of the lost explorers. In this latter party is
the daughter of the lost leader of the original expe-
dition, and thus a heroine is provided for our sky-
man hero. These two are marooned for the winter
on an ice-bound coast, and near them lurks all the
while the pirate chief, seeking for an opportunity to
destroy them, but for a time awed into inaction by
his superstitious terror of the huge bird-like crea-
ture that he occasionally sees hovering in the air.
When he discovers that this aerial monster is only
a man with wings, he forces matters to a speedy
conclusion, and is killed after a desperate struggle.
Nothing now remains to be done but to provide a
second rescue expedition for the two young people
(now avowed lovers), and we leave them upon their
return to civilization, having brought back with them
a ship-load of gold. Every sort of romantic satis-
faction is thus provided, and in liberal measure, by
Mr. Webster, who has the merit of knowing how to
write in addition to that of possessing an unusual
fund of knowledge and inventive ingenuity.
William Mokton Payne.
Various Books fob Summeh Rkadeng.
Divertiontof ^ a tmle wnen South Africa has
a fisherman in served so conspicuously as a field for
weitera water,. tne hunter> tne photographer, and
the adventure-seeker, a book devoted to sport and
travel in our own country comes as a novelty. Pro-
fessor C. F. Holder's "Recreations of a Sportsman
on the Pacific Coast" (Putnam) is a welcome diver-
sion in a home field. The author has fished in the
deep seas of the Pacific and in the streams of the
high Sierras and Cascades — has trailed swordfish
in the waters off San Clemente Island in Southern
California and moonfish off the Channel Islands
near Santa Barbara, has "killed" salmon in the
bay of Monterey and trout in the mountain streams
of the whole Pacific coast, has "angled" in the
crater of Mount Mazama and chased whale with a
revolver. On many of his expeditions he has been
accompanied by other noted sportsmen, among them
Mr. Gifford Pinchot and Mr. Stewart Edward
White. The frontispiece shows Mr. Pinchot and
Mr. White trolling for swordfish in San Clemente
Channel, an exciting account of which adventure is
given by the author, who, in a small launch on a
dead black night, aided Mr. Pinchot in his struggle
with a swordfish weighing a hundred and eighty
pounds. We quote a stirring passage:
"The work cut oat for Pinchot sitting in a skiff going at
five miles an hour, stern first, against a sea, in the dark, was
to reel in a fish fighting mad or crazed by fear, that was
anything from ten to twelve feet long. . . . Now I could
see him dimly bracing to it, pumping with all his strength,
gaining a foot to lose two, literally hauling the skiff np over
the flying swordfish, and standing all the strain on the tip of
his rod and his arms. That it was a good and hard fight,
only those really know who have tried swordfish or tuna.
The fish never rests; he fights until he is dead, until the
end. When you rest, he rests twice as fast, and to rest is to
lose. . . . Suddenly I heard a shout of elation from Pinchot.
'We've got him alongside.' The wind was blowing a high
sea and tossing us about. Before I knew it I saw Joe [the
Mexican in the skiff with Pinchot] directly underneath us,
and I nearly lifted that coughing, hiccoughing eight-horse-
power engine out of the launch trying to back her away.
But it was too late; n big sea tossed me over, and they
seemed to suddenly come at me out of the night. I did not
hit the skiff, but I disconcerted Joe, who thought I was aboard
of them,and he yelled, 'I've lost him!' The gaff had slipped,
or he had lost his hold, and there was a smashing, rolling,
surging, and bounding, choice talk in Spanish. Then came
Pinchot's voice,'I've got him by the tail!' And so he had.
He held the floundering swinging fish with grim desperation
until Joe got a fresh hold, and a rope about him, and, as
Pinchot told me later, he determined to 'hang to his fish if
he went overboard/"
Besides being the most enthusiastic of sportsmen, Mr.
Holder is a thorough man of science; and thus the
account of his recreations has a double interest.
His attitude, too, is that of the born angler — that
angling should be approached as an art, and results
considered as incidents. Like the immortal Wal-
ton, who "went fishing that he might commune
with all the beautiful things of life and nature,
sometimes forgetting his angling for echoes, the
songs of birds and milkmaids," Mr. Holder finds
interest in the quieter aspects of the game, and


398
[June 1,
THE
devotes pages to descriptions of some of the most
picturesque portions of the western coast. The
illustrations are from photographs taken by the
author and his friends, and are a decided addition.
Treetand "Trees and Shrubs of the British
tree-lore of Isles " is the title of the latest tree-
England. book on our table. Messrs. Cooper
and Westell of London are the authors, Mr. Newall
is the artist, and Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co. are the
publishers. The work is in two rather sumptuous
looking quarto volumes, with sixteen full-page col-
ored plates, and seventy of the same dimensions in
black and white, from Mr. NewalPs drawings.
The reader thinks at once of Sargent's monumental
"Silva," with its half-thousand species and hundreds
of lithographic plates; but with such a work the
present volumes do not at all invite comparison.
Sargent's is a descriptive history, telling all that is
known concerning each arboreal species; the present
work is more in the style of a handbook designed for
practical men and intended to be of every-day use
to the lover of trees in the "green-walled garden."
The opening sentence tells us that the work has been
prepared to enable the reader to identify the trees
of the British Isles, and to present much valuable
information on such subjects as insects and fungoid
pests, the more common galls, etc. Such a book, it
would seem, should be offered in one volume, bound
in oil-cloth or some similar fashion, that it might be
of omnipresent service: we fear the smear of the
gardener's thumb or the touch of rain-drops on these
handsome covers. About half of the first volume is
devoted to what may be esteemed " valuable inform-
ation." This part of the work consists of a glossary,
a list of " Latin roots " and Greek "root-words," a
calendar to show the date of flowering for the listed
species, an introduction full of "a number of things,"
and four chapters on insects, galls, and fungoid pests.
The glossary descends to great detail of erudition,
giving even the Saxon origin of English words;
"acuminate" is cited among Latin roots, "latex"
is derived from lac, and "paraphysis" from para
and phyllon, etc. The chapters on plant-maladies
and their remedies will be found serviceable; it
may be noted in passing, however, that the Amer-
ican gardener who would attempt to follow English
prescription here must use kerosene where paraffin
is cited. The descriptive pages follow the order of
the older books, beginning with the crowfoots. There
is no objection to this, but the text should be covered
by some sort of a key that would enable the less ex-
pert reader to name an unknown species or to find
the description of familiar forms. As the matter
stands, your ordinary gardener or reader can refer
to a description only as he knows the name of what
he seeks. The illustrations are generally excellent.
The colored plates are three-color half-tones. The
plates from drawings are striking in effect; they
remind one of the old wood-cuts that made intelli-
gible the lore of the herbalist and the botanies of
long ago. In fine, these volumes, although primarily
for English use, are of interest also in these western
fields. Fully a fifth of the species described are
North American plants; and it will interest every
lover of trees and every friend of out-door art to see to
what extent the wild beauty of this newer world has
been transplanted in its freshness to adorn and beau-
tify still further the loveliest gardens of the world.
In Mr. B. E. Fernow's volume on
5X£?Ln. Care of Trees" (Holt) we may
find lessons in a very practical sort
of tree conservation. Here we are taught the care
of individual trees, how to look out for our pets, the
special favorites of park and street-side and lawn.
We are told how to plant trees, how they must be
trimmed and tended if they are to realize our higher
sense of symmetry and dendritic beauty. Full in-
formation is given relative to soils, tools, fertilizers,
and repairs that go on either naturally or artificially;
for in these days there is " an art which does mend
nature," an art which in this case is not nature,—
"tree surgery " the gardeners name it,—an art by
which to the "brotherhood of venerable trees" new
life is given. One thing it seems the author here for-
gets to urge: all our care and skill avail not unless
we first select a proper tree. Trees of the same kind
differ in habit, and for happiest ultimate attainment
must be carefully selected. Half the present volume
is given thus to arboriculture; the remainder is a
descriptive and well illustrated list of species suit-
able for planting, with their advantages and disad-
vantages in particular locations. The list of both
trees and shrubs includes those suitable for every
section of the eastern side of the continent. Many
species are cited as " half-hardy " or "half-hardy as
far as Ottawa." A half-hardy species is sooner or
later wholly disappointing, and may as well be at
once stricken from the category. A list of trees and
shrubs perfectly hardy as far north as Ottawa or
Chicago — and there is possibly such a list— might
be brief, but would be extremely useful. The book
is a convenient and valuable addition to our litera-
ture concerning trees. It is more to be commended
for matter than for manner. Our author speaks for
himself on this point: "This book is not a sentimental
effusion on the beauty and need of trees, but a com-
pilation of information such as the owner of trees
may be in search of."
Thepentive ^ *9 no* a simple matter to combine
ovter and within the covers of a single book a
retiring clam. discussion of food-mollusks which is
of interest to the connoisseur of blue-points and little-
necks, to the oyster-culturist in Narragansett, Chesa-
peake, Mobile and Willapi Bays, and to the naturalist
interested in the biology of mussels and their relatives
the scallops, oysters, and clams. Professor Kellogg
has succeeded admirably, however, in his volume
on "Shell-Fish Industries" in Holt's "American
Nature Series," in making an attractive and enter-
taining book for all who are interested in these an-
imals, whether as food or for industrial or scientific


1910.]
399
THE DIAL,
purposes. The work deals with the structure, life
history, and habits of the important shellfish used
as food, and gives a rather full account of the oyster
fields on the American coasts and of the methods of
culture, capture, and marketing, in vogue both here
and in Europe and Japan. The enemies of the oyster
and means of combating them are discussed, and the
relation which uncooked oysters and clams bear to
the spread of typhoid fever is plainly set forth. The
book also contains a number of original observations
on the structure, physiology, and natural history of
the oyster and clam, here published for the first time.
The book is essentially an American work, and deals
only with the principal edible mollusks of the East-
ern Coast. The great part which the parcels post
plays in the distribution of the enormous product of
the French oyster-beds throughout Europe might
well have been mentioned. One looks in vain for
mention of periwinkles, abalone, or the delicious
octopus of Naples which can at least claim relation-
ship to the shellfish. Our great fresh-water clam-shell
industries, the pearl fisheries and mother-of-pearl
industries, are scarcely noted in the book. As with
other natural resources of our bountiful country, we
have wasted and exterminated our food supplies of
our coasts, raked our oyster and clam beds bare, and,
worst of all. we have ruthlessly fouled their waters
with industrial wastes and sewage of our great cities.
Fortunately, there are great stretches of coast, espe-
cially in the south, well suited for the development of
oyster culture under scientific methods, both profit-
able and productive of a cheap and abundant food
supply. To plant and reap and distribute this har-
vest of the sea is the problem of the future. Pro-
fessor Kellogg's book will help on the good work.
Professor Harry Thurston Peck is
o/m^ZT !n * happy ™n, * *"ia of holiday
jocularity touched now and then with
amiable derision and good-humored sarcasm, in his
latest collection of reprinted sketches. "The New
Baedeker, being Casual Notes of an Irresponsible
Traveller" (Dodd) possesses a pleasantly personal
and engagingly anecdotal character which is at the
furthest possible remove from the business-like curt-
ness of Herr Baedeker's highly useful manuals.
Nevertheless the book is dedicated to the pious
memory of the Leipsic guide-book publisher, and is
bound in the familiar Baedeker red cloth, but with-
out the Baedeker maps and hotel-lists and currency-
tables and careful indexes. But the New Baedeker,
unlike the old, is a book to read at home and for
fun, not to be carried in hand by the neck-craning
tourist "doing" three cathedrals and four art-
galleries in a day. Both foreign and domestic travel
are treated in the book, Part I. taking the reader to
HSvre and Trouville, Berlin, Rome, Rouen, Brussels,
Malines, and Liverpool; and Part II. revealing the
peculiar charms of our own Portland (Maine), Bos-
ton, Lake Pleasant (Mass.), Utica (N. Y.), Trenton
Falls, Atlantic City, and the "savage beauty " of
the scenery on the Canadian Pacific Railway — all
appropriately illustrated from photographs. That
the book is no dry catalogue of things seen, that it is
not at all an orthodox guide-book, we may prove con-
clusively by ending this notice with a stanza from
its author's metrical diversion at the close of his
chapter on Rome. "Roma Recentiorum" is the
title given to the poem, the third stanza of which
trips it nimbly in the following manner:
"Where Claudia mocked the rabble route
And laughed its helpless rage to see,
Now giggles as she flits about
Some cheerful chit from Tennessee;
And where great Csesar passed in state
And where Catullus kept his tryst,
Now potters with uncertain gait
The blear-eyed archaeologist."
Another "inveterate individualist,"
inar^nl.. a s Mr; George Sylvester Viereck
calls himself, has some opinions of
his own to declare in a book of European impres-
sions entitled "Confessions of a Barbarian." It is
Germany especially that has inspired these journal-
istic jottings, which are now gathered into a handy
volume of two hundred pages. The author, a
German-born American, has those impartially
divided sympathies that fit one for depicting the
peculiarities of one nation in a manner that shall
amuse the readers of another while giving offense
to neither. The positiveness of omniscient youth
gives to his utterances no uncertain ring, and his
short snappy sentences are an excellent antidote to
summer drowsiness. Some of the questions which
he takes up jauntily and settles conclusively in a
few pages have to do with the morals of Europe,
the character of the German Emperor, the intel-
lectual drama, Gambrinus and Bacchus, inspired
bureaucracy, and the philosophy of militarism.
Youth and impressionability disport themselves in
Mr. Viereck's pages, the writing of which must
have been great fun for him, as we hope the reading
will be to others. (Moffat, Yard & Co.)
The little volume by Professor L. H.
natu'^vf Bailev, entided "The Nature-Study
Idea" (Macmillan), brings us the
latest word on this important topic. The idea of
nature-study should be simple enough, one might
think; it ought to be plainly the study of Nature —
the natural world. But the hyphenated title here
stands for something different—something that
would describe an educational effort of some years
standing, designed to interest children and youth in
Nature and her ways, all apart from the more formal
presentments of science. The effort is really an
outcome of the kindergarten movement, and was at
first, and is yet in some places, the application of
kindergarten methods to the investigation of more
familiar natural objects. The attempt was in some
instances unfortunate. Some of the nature-study
text-books are downright nonsense. The play-idea
involved in the kindergarten system, when carried
into the fine movement of natural things, is apt to


400
[June 1,
THE DIAL
degenerate into myth and foolishness. Professor
Bailey would have us see the outside world just as
it is, just as it lies before our unaided senses. His
laboratory is the open field, and his nature-study is
like that of Gilbert White, Thoreau, and Burroughs.
We are carried away, in these days, by revelations
of the microscope, and are in danger of losing that
fine sympathetic appreciation of out-door objects
which must ever lie at the basis of all true nature-
study, and of true science as well; for nature-study,
in the right sense, may not traverse science. Nature-
study need not be systematic. It does not especially
care for the relations of things, except as these are
related to the observer and claim his appreciation
and love. Science is formal and severe; nature-
study is natural and human, and should contribute
directly to the interest and individual happiness of
men. The present volume is really a revised edition
of a valuable book published some years ago. Pro-
fessor Bailey is indefatigable, and we have here not
only much new. matter but a thorough revision of
the former text. The pages are full of suggestions
born of wide and wise experience, and deserve care-
ful reading by teachers and nature-lovers generally.
Redolent of the odors of field and
Z"aU^2rv fore8t and flower-bed, and bright
with the manifold colors wherewith
nature adorns the earth, "A White-paper Garden,"
by Mrs. Sara Andrew Shafer, brings into the study
as much, perhaps, of the glorious out-door world as
it is in the power of pen and paper to transfer. Its
qualities make their appeal, of course, not to the
bodily senses, but to the finer perceptions of the
mind and the imagination. "A garden for the
garden-less" the writer calls her book, which she
has designed especially for those country-bred city
toilers who pine for a sight of the green fields and
blossoming hedges of their childhood. "I will have
a garden!" she declares. "Reams of paper shall
be my acreage, and pen and ink shall be my spade
and trowel." The work is divided into twelve parts,
one for each month of the year, and each combines
description and reflection with seasonable horticul-
tural advice. Twenty-eight illustrations, four of
them colored, are provided, with the aid of the
camera. It is a pleasing book, admirably conceived
and lovingly executed. ( A. C. McClurg & Co.)
Mr. Frank Sherman Peer is a veteran
sportsman, and "The Hunting Field
with Horse and Hound" (Kennerley)
is the second book he has written based on his
experiences of cross-country runs here and abroad.
He tells of fox-hunting in New and Old England, at
the famous Meadowbrook and Old Rose Tree Hunts,
in Virginia, in North Carolina by moonlight, in Scot-
land, and in Ireland. He has pursued coyotes and
jack rabbits in Colorado, stags with Lord Roths-
child's pack, wild red deer in Devonshire, and wild
boar at Baron de Dorlodot's French preserve. He
has enjoyed milder sport with the foot beagles at
Oxford and with the Essex otterhounds. His ex-
periences are narrated in an easy, natural fashion,
and the distinctive methods of each section are
made prominent. Photographs of fine packs, big
"meets," exciting runs, and distinguished masters of
hounds, are supplemented by a few colored plates
from spirited hunting pictures.
Notes.
"Morning Star" is the title of Mr. H. Rider Hag-
gard's new romance, which the Messrs. Longman will
publish immediately.
The probable title of Mr. William de Morgan's next
novel, which Messrs. Holt & Co. announce for early
publication, will be "An Affair of Dishonour."
Mr. James Oppenheim, whose "Dr. Rast" stories
have been widely successful, has written a novel entitled
"Wild Oats," which Mr. B. W. Huebsch will publish
next month.
Mr. Hilaire Belloc, the genial English M.P. who has
already given us volumes "On Nothing" and "On
Everything," will soon issue a new book called "On
Anything."
Mr. John Adams Thayer, who was a co-partner with
Erman Ridgway in establishing "Everybody's Maga-
zine," has written an account of his eventful business
career, which Messrs. Small, Maynard & Co. will pub-
lish immediately.
An authorized work on the life and times of King
Edward was nearly completed at the time of the King's
death, and will soon be published under the editorship
of Sir Richard Holmes, the official biographer of Queen
Victoria.
A new book by Mr. Stanley Portal Hyatt, author of
"The Little Brown Brother," is announced by the
Dodge Publishing Co. Its title is "Biffel: A Trek
Ox," and it has to do with the experiences of a South
African draught ox.
When toying with the phenomena which have become
the stock in trade of the new mysticism, Bjornstjerne
Bjornson wrote, about forty years ago, a little book
called " Wise-Knut." Mr. Bernard Stahl has just put
this story into English.
Mr. Edmund Dulac, whose colored illustrations form
a distinctive annual feature of the holiday season, is
preparing for the coming Fall a series of paintings to
illustrate "The Sleeping Beauty " and other old French
fairy tales, as retold by A. T. Quiller Couch.
On the same plan as her successful little book called
"Science through Stories," Miss Constance M. Foot has
prepared an account of " Insect Wonderland" (John
Lane Co.), in which the essential facts of insect life are
made attractive and intelligible to the youngest reader.
The late Alexander Johnston's useful "History of
American Politics" is to be still further enlarged for
its fiftieth edition by Professor Winthrop More Daniels.
He will continue the volume from the first administra-
tion of McKinley to the inauguration of President Taft
Mr. Alfred Noyes, the young English poet, has writ-
ten an imaginative verse drama, "The Forest of Wild
Thyme," which Sir Herbert Tree is to produce in Lon-
don and later in America. It is possible that Mr.
Noyes will visit this country at the time of its presen-
tation here.


1910.]
401
THE DIAL
The Japanese artist Yoshio Markino, whose charming
interpretations of London, Rome, and Paris have
attracted wide attention, has written an account of his
interesting life, which Messrs. George W. Jacobs &
Co. will publish soon under the title, "A Japanese
Artist in London."
It is announced that beginning with the July issue
"The Forum" is to be published by Mr. Mitchell
Kennerley of New York, though it will continue to be
owned by the Forum Publishing Company, of which
Mr. Isaac L. Rice has been the president since its for-
mation twenty-four years ago.
The Academy of Pacific Coast History publishes in
pamphlet form Miguel Costanro's "Narrative of the
Portola Expedition of 1769-1770," giving the text in
both Spanish and in English translation. This publica-
tion is edited by Messrs. Adolph van Hewert-Engert
and Frederick J. Teggart, officers of the Academy.
Volume V., Part 2, of Philip Schaff's "History of
the Christian Church " carries the chronicle to what may
fairly be called the close of the Middle Ages — that is,
to the beginning of the Protestant Reformation. This
new volume of a monumental series is the work of Dr.
David S. Schaff, and is published by the Messrs. Scribner.
Mr. L. H. Bailey's "Manual of Gardening," lately
issued by the Macmillan Co., is a combination and
revision of the main parts of the same author's well-
known "Garden-Making" and "Practical Garden-
Book," together with much new material, the results
of later experience. A better book in its field is not
likely to appear for a long while.
Mr. Horace Kephart, author of an authoritative
manual on "Camping and Woodcraft," now issues
through the Outing Publishing Company a little manual
of " Camp Cookery," in which the camper-out of what-
ever degree of experience or proficiency is likely to find
many useful suggestions toward the enhancement of his
alimentary welfare while in the woods.
A new book by Mr. Ralph Waldo Trine, to be called
"The Land of Living Men," will be brought out by
Messrs. T. Y. Crowell & Co. in the early Fall. This
author's books are having a very large circulation in
Germany at the present time, and his "In Tune with
the Infinite " is published in translation in eleven dif-
ferent countries, while an edition in Esperanto is now
being brought out in London.
Miss Harriet L. Keeler, the author of two excellent
handbooks on American trees and shrubs, now publishes
through the Messrs. Scribner a popular study of " Our
Garden Flowers," describing in detail their native lands,
their life histories, and their structural affiliations. A
profusion of well-executed illustrations in half-tone and
line add to the usefulness of a volume which must be
considered practically indispensable to the amateur
gardener.
Mr. William Swan Sonnenschein's valuable reference
work, "The Best Books," is soon to be issued in a new
and revised edition by the Messrs. Putnam. All the
matter in the old editions that remains of value has
been retained; the characterizations have in many cases
been changed, and much added, bringing the record
of literature down to the end of 1909. The whole
contents of the book will probably cover more than
100,000 titles.
Under the editorship of Professor Joseph Jastrow of
the University of Wisconsin, Messrs. D. Appleton &
Co. will publish a series of volumes intended to consider
the several aspects of mental life of largest theoretical
and practical interest, and to survey the ethical, social,
and esthetic aspects of human nature in relation to their
origin, development, and influence. The books will be
simple in treatment and will have a direct appeal to the
general reader. Among the titles in preparation are
"Psychology in Common Life," "Character and Tem-
perament," and "The Health of the Mind."
A bathchairman with a leaning toward literature is
the unique discovery recently made by Mr. H. G. Wells.
Under his encouragement, George Meek, who for nine-
teen years has pushed and pulled a bath chair up and
down the Parade at Eastbourne, has written an autobio-
graphy whose naked simplicity and unaffected realism
has attracted marked interest among the Loudon review-
ers. Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co. will publish the book
in this country.
A blend of Epictetus, George Borrow, John Ruskin,
and his own refreshing and underived self, appears in
that finely conceived character, already familiar to
readers of Mr. Maurice Hewlett's "Open Country,"—
John Maxwell Senhouse, whose " Letters to Sanchia"
are now published by the Messrs. Scribner in a small
volume extracted from "that true tale" above-
mentioned. To have created such a character as Sen-
house is to have lived and labored not in vain, and Mr.
Hewlett has done his readers a favor by issuing this
separate collection of his original utterances.
Announcements of English fiction for the coining
Fall season include, among others, the following titles:
"The Creators" by Miss May Sinclair, "Mr. Ingle-
side" by Mr. E. V. Lucas, " Clayhanger" by Mr. Arnold
Bennett, "All the World Wondered " by Mr. Leonard
Merrick, "Lady Good-for-Nothiug" by Mr. A. T.
Quiller Couch, "Panther's Cub" by Mr. and Mrs.
Castle, " Rest Harrow " by Mr. Maurice Hewlett, "An
Affair of Dishonour"by Mr. William deMorgan, "Second
String" by Mr. Anthony Hope, "Daisy's Aunt" by
Mr. E. F. Benson, and " The Golden Silence " by Mr. and
Mrs. Williamson. It is safe to say that all these books
will be published in this country also.
The first number of "The Romanic Review" has
made its appearance from the Columbia University
Press. "A quarterly journal devoted to research . . .
in the field of the early Romance languages and litera-
ture," the new review proposes for itself a definitely
limited field; and within the limits set, its work bids
fair to be scholarly and valuable. One may object to
the choice of " Romanic " instead of " Romance " in the
title; but, barbaric as it is, the Germanism is of course
better fitted to indicate the philological character of the
new periodical. If the promise of the table of contents
is carried out as a definite policy, as would seem likely
from a consideration of the choice of editors, we can
only lament that the university attitude toward the
Romance literatures is developing the same tenden-
cies which have so largely helped to drive out Greek
and Latin from our undergraduate curricula. Why
should the cry of "dilettanteism " drive our scholars
away from purely literary studies? Why should we
consider Moliere or Balzac less worthy of scholarly
study than Raoul de Cambrai or the provenance of some
forgotten Chanson de Geste f However, this perhaps is
a minor objection. Romance scholarship in America
has always been a bit self-conscious, and it is eminently
fitting that it should become conscious of itself in a
special review.


402
[June 1,
THE DIAL
Topics in Leading Periodicals.
June. 1910.
African Game Trails —IX. Theodore Roosevelt. Scribner.
Agriculture, Scientific Work in. W. J. McGee. Pop. Science.
American. A Plain, in England. 0. T. Whitefleld. American.
American Preparatory Schools. Arthur Rohl. Scribner.
American Water Color Society Exhibition. Int. Studio.
Animals, Microscopic, of the Sea. H. J. Shannon. Harper.
Art, A Criticism of, in America. Charles H. Caffin. JVb. Amer.
Atlantic Fisheries Dispute. P. T. McGrath. Rev. of Bevt.
Atom, The Question of the. B. K. Duncan. Harper.
Bell. Robert Anning, Work of. T. M. Wood. Int. Studio.
"Best-Sellers," Perpetual. E. T. Tomlinson. World*! Work.
Bible Study in India. Clayton S. Cooper. Century.
"Big Hill." Passing of the. C. F. Carter. World'tX Work.
Bird Flight and Air-Navigation. Century.
Birds, Intelligence in. F. H. Herrick. Pop. Science.
Book-Man, Pleasures of a. H. Buxton Forman. Atlantic.
Camera Portraiture. C. H. Claudy. World To-day.
Carnegie Institute Exhibition. Leila Mechlin. Int. Studio.
Chantecler, Rostand's. Max Nordeau. Bookman.
Child-Labor Problem, The. O. R. Lovejoy. No. American.
Circus People, Earnings of. I. P. Marcosson. Bookman.
Clam-Farm, The. Dallas Lore Sharp. Atlantic.
College Democracy. Arthur T. Hadley. Century.
Conversation, Some Tediums of. H. H. Harbour. Atlantic.
Country Schoolteacher, A. F. W. C. Dew. World't Work.
Courts, Cruelties of our. John M. Gitterman. McClure.
Democratic Party, The. Ray Stannard Baker. American.
Dix, Eulabee, Miniatures by. N. J. O'Conor. Int. Studio.
England and Mark Twain. North American.
Egypt. English Influence in. H. C. Morris. World To-day.
Egypt's Reply to Roosevelt. Sheikh AH Youaauf. No. Amer.
European Drama in America. Clayton Hamilton. Bookman.
Farmer, Profits of the. R. S. Lanier. Review of Review!
.
Fraternal Life Insurance, The Weakness in. Everybody's.
Gardening as a Mental Cure. Bolton Hall. World't Work.
German-English Situation, The. T. Schiemann. McClure.
Girl Graduate. The. Agnes Repplier. Century.
Golf. The Secret of. Arnold Haul tain. Atlantic.
Graft, The Elimination of. Brand Whitlock. World To-day.
Graver-Printers in Color Society. W. L.Hankey. Int. Studio.
Harpignies. Henri, Charcoal Work of. H. Frantz. Int. Studio.
Harvard College, The Case of. J. Cattell. Pop. Science.
Headache, What not to do for. E. A. Forbes. World't Work.
Health Foods, The Makers of. T. Armstrong. World To-day.
Herkomer. Sir Hubert Von, Lithographs of. Int. Studio.
Holy Land, The — V. Robert Hichens. Century.% ■
Hull-House, Twenty Tears at. Jane Addams. American.
Income Tax, The. W. E. Borah. North American.
Independence Day. J. B. Huber. Review of Reviews.
Indian Fairy Book, The. Spencer Trotter. Pop. Science.
Inland Waterways, Development of. S. O. Dunn. Scribner.
Insanity, Preventable. T. W. Salmon. Pop. Science.
Iron Ore. The Supply of. H. M. Howe. Atlantic.
Italy, The King and Queen of. Xavier Paoli. McClure.
Johnson. J. G., Collection of—II. William Rankin. Int. Studio.
Justice, Delays of. Hugh C. Weir. World To-day.
King George, Sketch of. W. T. Stead. Review of Reviews.
Kohler, Fred, Chief of Police. Frederic C. Howe. Everybody'!.
Letter Writing, Extinction of. George Fitch. American.
LIndsey, Judge.—A Reply to his Critics. Everybody't.
Lodging, in the 16th Century. E. S. Bates. A tlantic.
Madison. Mrs., First Drawlng-Room of. G. Hunt. Harper.
Manchuria's Strategic Railroad. T. Iyenaga. World't Work.
Marseilles. Deshler Welch. Harper.
Medical Education in America. A. Flexner. Atlantic.
Mexico, A Holiday in. Garton Foster. World To-day.
Mexico, Investments in. T. K. Long. World To-day.
Moliere and Louis XIV. Brander Matthews. Scribner.
Moreaa, Jean. William A. Bradley. North A merican.
Mormon Colonies in Mexico. G. C. Terry. World'! Work.
Negro Children. Needs of. B. T. Washington. World't Work.
Patents and Industrial Progress. W. Macomber. No. Amer.
Peace versus War. Andrew Carnegie. Century.
Pitching, The Wonders of. H. S. Fullerton. American.
Piatt, Senator, Autobiography of. McClure.
Playground, A New National. G. E. Mitchell. Rev. of Revt.
Plays, Unproduced. John Corbin. World't Work.
Policemen of the World. Nevin O. Winter. World't Work.
Poor, Educating the. Henry Wallace. World't Work.
President, The. at Work. William B. Hale. World's Work.
Prices, Rising. Causes and Remedies of. A. S. Bolles. No. Amer.
Prosperity, National. Channcey M. Depew. Lippincott.
Railroad Control, Shifting of. C. M. Keys. World'! Work.
Reconstruction Period, Diary of—V. Gideon Welles. Atlantic.
Roman Lady, The. Emily G. Putnam. Atlantic.
Roosevelt, The Return of. Stephen S. Wise. No. American.
Russia, The Reaction in. George Kennan. Century.
Sand, The Marauding. Harold Bereman. World To-Day.
Scenery, Soil, and Atmosphere. A. P. Brigham. Pop. Science.
School, A Model. Joseph M. Rogers. Lippincott.
School-Teacher, Country, Autobiography of. World't Work.
Serra. Enrique, Paintings of. Adrian Margaux. Int. Studio'
Shagen: A Village in Jutland. Edith Rlckert. Scribner.
Sheep Ranges of Patagonia, The. C. W. Furlong. Harper.
Sierras, In the. Stewart Edward White. A merican.
Silk-Mill Workers, Home Life of the. Fannie H. Lea. Harper.
Socialism and Sacrifice. Vida D. Scudder. Atlantic.
Southwest, The New. Herbert Kaufman. Everybody't.
Speaker. The, and the House. A. C. Hinds. McClure.
Spring in Cities. Sterling Beeson. World To*lay.
State Universities, Spirit of. H. S. Pritchett. Atlantic.
Taft, An Interview with. G. K. Turner. McClure.
Track-Athletics. Walter Camp. Century.
Twain, Mark. George Ade. Review of Reviews.
Twain, Mark. William Dean Howells. North American.
Twain, Mark. Harry Thurston Peck. Bookman.
Twain, Mark, An Appreciation of. Henry M. Alden. Bookman.
Twain, Mark, in Clubland. William H. Rideing. Bookman.
Twain. Mark, in San Francisco. Bailley Millard. Bookman.
Twain, Mark, The Biographer of. Firmin Dredd. Bookman.
Ursa Minor. Zephine Humphrey. Atlantic,
Usage. Change in. Thomas R. Lounsbury. Harper.
Vivisection, Medical Control of. W. B. Cannon. No. Amer.
Ward, J. Q. A., Work of. William Walton. Int. Studio.
Ward, The American Sculptor. Ernest Knaufft. Rev. of Revt.
Whistlers. The Two. William M. Chase. Century.
Women and the Cuatorn-House. Lillie H. French. Century.
Women's Clothes, Cost of. Emily Post. Everybody't.
IiisT of New Books.
[The following list, containing 77 titles, includes books
received by The Dial since its last issue.}
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
The Life of Daniel Coit Oilman. By Fabian Franklin.
Illustrated in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, 446 pages.
Dodd, Mead & Co. $3.50 net.
Karl Marx: His Life and Work. By John Spargo. Illus-
trated, large 8vo, 859 pages. B. W. Huebsch. $2.50 net.
The Bight Honorable Oeoil John Rhodes: A Monograph
and a Reminiscence. By Sir Thomas E. Fuller, K.C.M.G.
Illustrated in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, 276 pages.
Longmans, Green, ti Co. $1.60 net.
Sir Randall Cremer: His Life and Work. By Howard Evans.
Illustrated in photogravure, etc., 12mo, 356 pages. Ginn &
Co. $1.40 net.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
The Letters of John Stuart M11L Edited, with introduction.
by Hugh S. R. Elliot; with note on Mill's private life by
Mary Taylor. In 2 volumes, illustrated in photogravure,
etc., large Bvo. Longmans, Green, & Co. $6.50 net.
A Poet in Exile: Early Letters of John Hay. Edited by
Caroline Tlcknor. With portrait from an etching, large
8vo, 49 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $5. net.
John Lothrop Motley and His Family: Further Letters and
Records. Edited by his daughter and Herbert St. John
Mildmay. Illustrated in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, 321
pages. John Lane Co. $5. net.
Abraham Lincoln: The Tribute of a Century. Edited by
Nathan William MacChesney. Illustrated, large 8vo. 554
pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $2.75 net.
A Century of French Poets: A Selection Illustrating the
History of French Poetry during the Last Hundred Tears.
By Francis Toan Eccles. Large 8vo, 399 pages. E. P.
Dutton & Co. $3. net.
Leading American Essayists. By William Morton Payne.
With portraits. 8vo, 401 pages. "Biographies of Leading
Americans." Henry Holt & Co. $1.75 net.
At the Sign of the Hobby Horse. By Elizabeth Bisland
Wetmore. 8vo, 253 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
Maurice Hewlett: A Critical Review of his Prose and Poetry.
By Milton Bronner. With portrait in photogravure. 12mo.
207 pages. John W. Luce & Co. $1.25 net.
The College Tear: Vesper Addresses. By Caroline Hazard.
12mo, 211 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.


1910.]
403
THE DIAL
Milton's Tercentenary: An Address Delivered before the
Modern Language Club of Yale University on Milton's
Three Hundredth Birthday. By Henry A. Beers. 12mo,
87 pages. Yale University Press.
Letters to S&nobia, upon Things as They Are: The Corres-
pondence of Mr. John Maxwell Senhouse. By Maurice Hew-
lett. 12mo, 86 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. 90 cts. net.
Letters to My Bon. Anonymous, 12mo, 177 pages. Hough-
ton Mifflin Co. fl.net.
Criticism and Beauty: The Romanes Lecture for 1909. By
Hon. Arthur James Balfour, M.F. 8vo, 48 pages. Oxford
University Press. Paper.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
The Works of George Meredith, Memorial Edition. New
volumes: Harry Richmond; Vittoria. Each illustrated in
photogravure, etc., 8vo. Charles Scribner's Sons. (Sold
only in sets by subscription.)
Browning's Men and Women, 1866. New edition; lOmo, 312
pages. "Oxford Library of Prose and Poetry." Oxford
University Press. $1. net.
Coleridge's Poems of Nature and Romance, 1794-1807.
Edited by Margaret A. Keeling. New edition; 12mo. 248
pages. Oxford University Press. 90 cts. net.
The Iphigenla in Taurus of Euripides. Translated, with
notes, by Oilbert Murray, LL.D. 12mo, 106 pages. Oxford
University Press. 75 cts. net.
Under the Greenwood Tree. By Thomas Hardy. New edi-
tion: with frontispiece in photogravure, 18mo, 273 pages.
Harper & Brothers. $1.26.
VERSE.
A Masque of Sibyls. By Florence Converse. 12mo. 78 pages.
Houghton Mifflin Co. $1. net.
Skies Italian: A Little Breviary for Travellers in Italy.
Edited by Ruth Phelps. 16mo, 368 pages. London: Methuen
& Co.
Poems. By Dorothy Landers Beall. 12mo, 132 pages. Mitchell
Kennerley. $1.50 net.
The Woodman, and Other Poems. By Henry Allsopp. 16mo,
41 pages. Oxford: B. H. Black well. Paper.
FICTION.
The O'Flynn. By Justin Huntley McCarthy. With frontis-
piece, 12mo, 309 pages. Harper & Brothers, $1.60.
The Depot Master: By Joseph C. Lincoln. Illustrated, 12mo,
880 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.60.
The Eduoation of Jacqueline. By Claire de Prat/.. 12mo,
347 pages. Duffield * Co. tl.60.
A Village of Vagabonds. By F. Berkeley Smith. Illustrated
in color, etc., 12mo, 384 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.50'
Going Some: A Romance of Strenuous Affection. By Rex
Beach. Illustrated, 12mo, 294 pages. Harper & Brothers.
$1.25.
Joe Muller, Detective: The Account of Some Adventures of a
Member of the Imperial Austrian Police. By Grace Isabel
Colbron and Augusta Qroner. 12mo, 334 pages. Duffield
& Co. $1.60.
The Gilded Chair. By Melville Davisson Post. Illustrated
in color, etc., 12mo, 360 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.60.
The Street of Adventure. By Philip Qibbs. 12mo, 460 pages.
E. P. 1>utton & Co. $1.25 net.
Half in Earnest. By Muriel nine, lzmo, 804 pages. John
Lane Co. $1.60.
The Princess of Forge. By George C. Shedd. Illustrated in
color. 12mo. 366 pages. Macaulay Co. il .50.
And This Is War. By Carl Hermon Dudley. l2mo. 160 pages.
Cochrane Publishing Co. $1. net.
Wullie MoWatties Master. By J. J. Bell. Illustrated in
color, 16mo, 168 pages. Fleming H. Revell Co. 60cts.net.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
Up the Orinoco and down the Magdalena. By H. J.
Moralis. A.M. Illustrated, large 8vo, 439 pages. D. Appleton
Si Co. $3. net.
The Picturesque St. Lawrence. By Clifton Johnson. Illus-
trated in color, etc.. 16mo. 253 pages. Macmillan Co.
$1 26 net.
The Ship-Dwellers: The story of a Happy Cruise. By Albert
Bigelow Paine. Illustrated, large 8vo, 394 pages. Harper
St. Brothers. $1.60.
With Mulai Hand at Fez: Behind the Scenes in Morocco.
By Lawrence Harris, F.R.G.S. Illustrated in color, etc.,
8vo, 270 pages. Richard G. Badger. $3. net.
John Bull's Land through a Telescope. By a Canadian. Illus-
trated, 12mo. 205 pages. Winnipeg, Canada: Russell. Lang
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PUBLIC AFFAIRS.
The Old Order Changeth: A View of American Democracy.
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The Southern South. By Albert Bushnell Hart, Ph.D. 12mo.
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Labor in Europe and America. By Samuel (tampers. With
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The American Hope. By William Morse Cole. 12mo, 259
pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50 net.
The Procedure of the House of Commons: A Stndy of its
History and Present Form. By Josef Redlich: translated
by A. Ernest Steinthal. In 3 volumes, large 8vo. E. P.
Dutton Si Co. $10. net.
Our Slavio Fellow Citizens. By Emily Greene Balch. Illus-
trated, large 8vo, 636 pages. New York: Charities Publica-
tion Committee. $2.60 net.
French Secondary Schools. An Account of the Origin
Development, and Present Organization of Secondary Edu
cation in France. By Frederic Ernest Farrington. Ph.D.
8vo. 460 pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. $2.60 net.
The American Rural Sohool: Its Characteristics, its Future
and its Problems. By Harold Waldstein Foght. A.M. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 361 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
SCIENCE AND NATURE.
Conoeallng - Coloration in the Animal Kingdom: An
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A. H. Thayer. Illustrated in color, etc., 4to. 260 pages.
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Notes on New England Birds. By Henry D. Thoreau:
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How to Keep Bees for Profit. By D. Everett Lyon. Pb.D.
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The Garden Primer: A Practical Handbook on the Elements
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The Gospel and the Modern Man. By Shailer Mathews.
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What Pictures to See In Europe In One Summer. By
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The Cookery Book of Lady Clark of Tillypronie. Edited
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The Master as I Saw Him: Pages from the Life of the
Swami Vivekananda. By Nivedita. 12mo, 514 pages
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Skat: Principles and Illustrative Games. By Elizabeth Wager
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Handy Book of Proverbs. By Joseph Walker. 18mo, 186
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Life and Health. By James Frederick Rogers, M.D. 12mo.
202 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $l.net.
Longmans's Historical Illustrations of England in the
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Obil, Keeper of Camels: The Parable of the Man Whom the
Disciples Saw Casting out Devils. By Lucia Chase Bell.
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The Wonders of Life. By Ida Lyon. 12mo. 236 pages. R. F
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404
[June 1,
THE DIAL
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THE DIAL
a Snntsfilonttjlg Journal of ILtterarg (Eritutam, ©t'acuaaion, ano Information.
THE DIAL {founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
each month. Tebvs of Subscription, 82. a year in advance, postage
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THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office at
Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879.
No. 576. JUNE 16, 1910. Vol. XLVIII.
Contents.
PAGE
THE NEW THEATRE 411
GOLDWIN SMITH 418
CASUAL COMMENT . . . ■ 413
A brilliant literary blunder. — The untimely end
of " O. Henry." — A superflouB functionary in the
dramatic world.—Mrs. Howe at ninety-one.—The
centennial of the "Learned Blacksmith." — Dr.
William Qordon-Stables. — The dedication of the
Smith College library.—The resources of the refer-
ence department. — Ten million dollars for book-
shelter.— Poetry as a by-product. — "Big brass
generals" as heroes of boys' books.
COMMUNICATION 416
A Striking Case of Literary Foresight. Lewis
Piaget Shanks.
MILL REVEALED IN HIS LETTERS. Paul
Shorey 417
THE THEATRE OF TO-DAY. Anna Benneson
McMahan 420
IS PRAGMATISM PRAGMATIC? T. D. A.
Cockerell 422
SHERIDAN AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES.
James W. Tupper 424
MODERN LANDSCAPE. Edward E. Hale, Jr. . 425
MARCUS WHITMAN ONCE MORE. F. H.
Hodder 427
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 429
Practical problems of American life. — A packet
of John Hay's early letters. — Humorous phases of
life in a library. —The story of a struggle with
evil and misrule. — A book for book-lovers. — The
Russian Navy in the Japanese war. — Influences of
religion on English literature. — The life of a
famous queen. — "The nephew of his uncle."
BRD2FER MENTION
NOTES
LIST OF NEW BOOKS . <
THE NEW THEATRE.
With much that is discouraging in the con-
dition of the American stage at the present day,
it is possible to discover here and there a sign
of promise indicative of better things to come,
and even to chronicle now and then the actual
accomplishment of something that is really
worth doing in the theatrical field. Such a
promise was held out to us when the New
Theatre was projected in New York; and such
an accomplishment has now become, with the
close of the first season of that enterprise, a
matter of recorded history. The enterprise had
much to contend with in the way of suspicion,
cynicism, and the scarcely-veiled antagonism of
the interests that are well content with things
theatrical as they are. It was scoffed at as a
"highbrow " venture, and that label offers much
opportunity for cheap derision. It was despaired
of as something too good for the depraved pub-
lic of this wicked world, and the analogy of
certain earlier ventures in idealism seemed to
deny it the hope of enduring success. It was
decried from the seats of the mighty who take
counsel together in the "syndicate" and who
have substituted commercialism for art in nine-
tenths of our playhouses. Nevertheless, it
persevered in its quixotic undertaking, built
and opened its playhouse, collected and trained
its company, and has now shamed the tongues
of incredulity and malice by a completed season
of artistic effort that has surpassed the expecta-
tions even of its friends.
This first season has been to some extent
experimental, and of necessity, for it had pio-
neer work to do, and standards had to be created,
or at least pieced together out of lapsed memories
of the past and of suggestions from other coun-
tries which take the stage seriously as one of
the chief instrumentalities of culture. There
were some mistakes, such as the building of too
large an auditorium, the initial toying with
stellar attractions, the ill-advised inclusion of
operatic performances in its programme, and
the occasional selection of an unworthy play.
But these mistakes were not fatal, for they
admitted of obvious remedies, and the manage-
ment has been quick to realize them and to profit
by the experience. On the other side of the


412
[June 16,
THE
DIAJ
account, there is the solid achievement of a long
season quite successful from the box-office stand-
point, and highly satisfactory from the stand-
point of observers who are mainly concerned
with artistic and cultural aims.
At the close of the New York season about a
month ago, the Company set out on a mission-
ary expedition to a few selected cities, the most
important of them being Chicago. It is too
expensive an organization to expect to pay for
itself upon such a tour, and the management
made a generous appropriation to meet the
deficit. In other words, it decided to give to a
few favored cities an object-lesson in the sub-
sidized theatre that has often been advocated,
but that has seen small prospect of becoming
realized in this country. The fortnight allotted
to Chicago has falsified a good deal of pessimistic
prophesying, and has opened many eyes to the
fact that conscientious art is not the least among
the attractions that may draw audiences into
theatres. In brief, the eighteen performances
given in Chicago have been presented in most
cases to " capacity " houses, and great numbers
of visitors have been turned from the doors for
the simple reason that there were no more seats
to sell. No other success equal to this has been
achieved in Chicago during the past season,
and it is pleasant to think that for once the
most successful enterprise has been also the
most meritorious.
Seven plays were given an average of three
performances each during the Chicago engage-
ment. Of these plays, three were approved
classics — Shakespeare being represented by
"Twelfth Night" and "A Winter's Tale," and
Sheridan by "The School for Scandal." The
two Shakespearian performances were made the
occasion of an interesting contrast in method,
since the former was given with the usual modern
accessories, while the latter was given "in the
Elizabethan manner," which means without
change of scene. There is something to be said
for the archaic mode of representation, but we
imagine that Shakespeare himself would have
welcomed many of our modern appliances, and
that the bareness of the Globe performances was
rather a matter of necessity than of set deter-
mination. The ideal setting for a play of Shake-
speare in our day is one that spares nothing
likely to make the action intelligible, and per-
mits nothing likely to distract attention from
either the action or the thought. For the rest,
it was a pleasure to witness a " Twelfth Night"
which was something more than the exploitation
of a Viola or a Malvolio, "A Winter's Tale"
which was something more than series of stage-
pictures grouped about a Hermione. Likewise,
it was a great satisfaction to witness a "School
for Scandal" in which Lady Teazle took her
proper place and did not always read her
lines from the centre of the stage. With this
comedy, and with " The Rivals," it is going to
take us a long while to forget Ada Rehan and
Joseph Jefferson; but it must be admitted
that they put the works considerably out of
balance.
Of the modern plays included in the fort-
night's repertory, the triumph was scored by
Maeterlinck's "Sister Beatrice." We have
rarely seen upon the stage anything as lovely
and as appealing. It was at once the embodi-
ment of the most exquisite poetry and of the
most delicate spirituality, besides delighting the
eye with a color-scheme of enchanting beauty.
In the production of such a work as this, a
theatre becomes a temple, and a play-goer a
worshipper. Since " Sister Beatrice " is a short
piece, it had to be coupled with something else
to fill out the evening; and its pendant was Mr.
Besier's " Don," a comedy that is serious as well
as amusing. The two remaining offerings of the
engagement were " Strife " and " The Nigger."
Mr. Galsworthy's "Strife" is the work of a
writer intensely in earnest, with an extraordinary
power to make us feel the poignancy of suffering,
and to arouse our social sympathies. Although
its spirit is that of a sermon, it proved dramat-
ically effective. Mr. Sheldon's " The Nigger"
is interesting as the work of a very young man,
and is a thoroughly honest composition. It
comes a little too near to melodrama in its situa-
tions, and its gloom is unrelieved. But it is a
work of promise, and we anticipate with interest
the play that this young writer is likely to give
us when he shall have more suitable material to
deal with.
Such is the varied selection of plays by which
Chicago has been permitted to judge of the
New Theatre and its significance. The judg-
ment has been so favorable, and the support
accorded so hearty, that the company will
undoubtedly include this city in all its future
plans. The season has brought home to us the
lesson of what was lost when the stock company
ceased to occupy an important position in our
theatrical world, and has aroused in several
thousands of people a determination to work
for a restoration of the older and better order
of things. It has been so much the most sat-
isfactory of the year's theatrical happenings
that the "star system" and the "long run"


1910.]
413
THE DIAL
have been clearly shown to be comparatively
indefensible. It has proved to us the immense
advantage of measure and balance and good
taste over emphasis and distortion and meretri-
cious display.
GOLD WIN SMITH.
A ripe scholar, a sane and sagacious observer of
the activities of men, and a wise counsellor upon the
deeper problems of the political, social, and intel-
lectual life, passed away in Toronto on the seventh
of this month. Goldwin Smith was eighty-six years
of age, and for the nearly forty years of his resi-
dence in the Dominion has been easily the most
distinguished of Canadians. Coming to America
for permanent residence at the age of forty-five, he
brought with him a brilliant reputation as a student
of history and political science. For eight years he
had been Regius Professor of modern history at
Oxford, and had published something like a dozen
volumes. He had also identified himself with the
group of liberal leaders, among whom Mill and
Bright were numbered, who realized the underlying
causes of our Civil War, and championed the Federal
government in its struggle to preserve the Union.
It was in 1871 that he settled down in Toronto,
soon after to be happily married, and to make
"The Grange " a kind of Mecca for statesmen and
scholars. Since then, more than a score of books
have come from his pen, besides countless contribu-
tions to periodical literature. Some of his books
are of the sort that serve their purpose and no longer
need to be read, but many of them are works of
lasting value — profound discussions of the philoso-
phy of history, keen studies in literary criticism,
and wise reflections upon the riddle of existence.
Goldwin Smith was, like Mill and Leslie Stephen, a
convinced exponent of the supreme authority of rea-
son in all intellectual concerns; and the truth, even
if it might seem chilling, was to him more desir-
able than the comforting delusions with which many
men are content. "Individual freedom, national
independence, and the reign of justice, universal
peace, and the happiness of the masses of mankind,
are the ends for which this publicist has consistently
striven, with voice and pen alike, in England and
on the American continent" — this is a summing-
up by President Schurman. It is impressive to
think that the great Englishman now dead has lived
under five sovereigns, and that he once "talked with
a man who talked to the man who was premier of
England in 1801 — to Addington about Pitt." He
remembered the Reform Bill, the destruction of
threshing machines by an angry peasantry, the time
when fires were lighted by tinder, when the curfew
was heard, and when men were put in the stocks.
His death has snapped one of the few remaining
links between that remote past and the twentieth
century.
CASUAL COMMENT.
A BRILLIANT LITERARY BLUNDER ha8 just made
its appeal for immortality in the columns of a current
newspaper, in connection with the celebration of the
hundreth anniversary of Margaret Fuller's birth,
May 23. The reports of her death by shipwreck, sixty
years ago, when nearing New York harbor, have
always seemed harrowing, and it is a relief to hear
that the accepted narrative is "all a mistake"—that
she is still alive, and well enough to join in the cele-
bration of her own centennial, at her birthplace in
Cambridgeport, Mass. The newspaper referred to
printed in its issue of May 24 an article headed,
"Countess d'Ossoli is 100 years old." It read, in all
seriousness, as follows: "Margaret Fuller, Countess
d'Ossoli, observed the 100th anniversary of her birth
yesterday at her home, 71 Cherry street, Cambridge.
Addresses were made by the Rev. Woodman Brad-
bury, Miss Edith Fuller, and Miss Megraw. Music
was rendered by Miss Harriet Wescott, Mrs. A. H.
Richards, Miss Ella M. Chamberlain, and Miss
Sarah F. Rainlet. Miss Fuller was married many
years ago to the Marquis d'Ossoli of Italy, when she
was working for Italian liberty. She was a fellow-
pupil of Holmes and Richard Henry Dana, and a
friend of Emerson. She was the only woman promi-
nently identified with the transcendental movement
and the Brook Farm community. Hawthorne pic-
tured her as Zenobiain his 'Blithedale Romance.'"
This charming story appeared, not in some "raw
country weekly" in Arkansas or Arizona, but in a
prominent morning journal of Boston. This fact
might incite to comment; but we give, instead, a
quotation. It is from a well-known literary woman
of that city. "A few weeks ago," she writes, "we
had a literary pow-wow at our Boston Authors' Club,
and pointed out our sad need in this country of the
best criticism, and of journals voicing the same.
And we gave thanks, in closing, for Chicago and
The Dial." Chicago and The Dial ! — and liter-
ary Boston giving thanks for these! How strange it
seems, and new!
> • • •
The untimely end of "O. Henry," short-story
writer and master of a mirth-provoking style that
was as vigorous and untrammelled as an unbroken
Texas steer, brings sincere regret to thousands of
readers. William Sidney Porter, as he was known
outside the world of literature, was a native of
Greensboro, North Carolina, where he was born in
1867. Ranch life in Texas, journalism in Houston,
banana-raising in Central America, and short story
writing in New Orleans and New York, — these
were a few of the varied activities in which the rest-
less young man engaged, finding his place at last in
the pages of the popular monthlies, which were glad
to pay him as much as $750 and S1000 apiece for
his tales. Although he has written voluminously of
Western life in exhilarating English redolent of the
prairie and untraversed places, it is essentially in
his portrayals of New York life that his fame most


414
[June 16,
THE DIAL
securely rests. The field of the Tenderloin he made
his own; and his characterizations of its types —
the chorus girl" artiste "; the shop-girl of the alluring
pompadour; the stenographer, t. e., a picture-hat
and a piece of pineapple chewing-gum"; the park-
bench loafer with his fear of the "cops" and his
regular place in the "bread-row"; the Tammany
boss of the big diamonds and the fat cigar; the
"John Doe" who "sits to have his shoes polished
within sound of a bowling-alley, and bears some-
where about him turquoises " -— all these stand out
in his gallery of portraits with never-to-be-forgotten
vividness. While some of his later work has obvi-
ously suffered in the interests of commercialism, yet
at his best — in the collections which comprise "The
Four Million," "The Trimmed Lamp," and "The
Voice of the City" — he has been named, not
unworthily, in the same breath with Maupassant
and Kipling as an artist in short-story writing. •
A SUPERFLUOUS FUNCTIONARY IN THE DRAMATIC
world is a "literary director," if we may judge by
the experiences of the New Theatre in New York,
as set forth by the discouraged functionary himself
in the June number of "The World's Work." Out
of three thousand MS. plays submitted to the New
Theatre, only three seemed to him worth accepting.
This showing is so little inspiring as to the future
of play-writing in America that he appears to have
thrown up his job in disgust: a not irrational pro-
cedure, since there can be no pressing need of a
"literary director" when there is nothing literary
to direct. While one can hardly wonder at this
reader's pessimistic attitude regarding the output of
our native playwrights, yet there might be other
ways of accounting for what to him seems "an
unmitigated staggerer." In the view of the rejected
playwrights, the trouble might be with the "liter-
ary director" himself; they might believe, in all
sincerity, that he did not know a good play when
he saw it. But that could hardly be regarded as an
unbiassed judgment. A more reasonable explana-
tion we suspect might be found in the number of
old plays submitted—the number of would-be dra-
matists who furbished up their oft-rejected and dilap-
idated manuscripts and offered them to the New
Theatre whose vaunted feature of "endowment"
made it a shining mark for them. If theatres are
to be endowed, why not playwrights as well? And
if subsidies are going round in the theatrical world,
why should they not be shared by the children of
gifts and grace who furnish the plays without which
the theatre, New or Old, would be but empty walls?
"Let us furnish the plays for the people," they
might say, "and we care not who pays the bills for
their production."
Mrs. Howe at ninety-one is a most interesting
and venerable figure. While her fame with pos-
terity will rest largely on her " Battle Hymn of the
Republic" (in spite of its author's conscious and
unconscious advocacy of universal peace and good-
will), her wide range of talents and sympathies will
not be forgotten. As a graceful and winning plat-
form speaker, able to address her audience, if need
be, in other tongues than her own, and as the friend
and promoter of many worthy causes, she has
stamped the impress of her personality on her age
and generation. As a late example of her still
active participation in matters of public concern, it
is interesting to note her appearance lately before a
legislative committee to plead the cause of pure
milk for Boston, where, as in many other places,
the laws for protecting the community from the
dangers of adulterated or diluted milk are much too
laxly enforced. Fortunate indeed is Boston, the
home of many noble women, to have in these days
— as it is to be hoped she will have for some years
to come — this one of the noblest of them all. Mrs.
Howe is almost the same age as that other remark-
able woman, "the mother of women's clubs" in
America, Mrs. Caroline Severance, once of Boston,
but now living in Los Angeles, California, where,
like Mrs. Howe, she is still actively interested in
whatever concerns the welfare of the community or
the nation.
The centennial of the "Learned Black-
smith," as Elihu Burritt was commonly called, has
had its celebration some months in advance of his
hundredth birthday, which falls on the eighth of
next December. The New England Peace Con-
gress, sitting at Hartford and New Britain, Conn.,
on the tenth of May, paid appropriate tribute to the
memory of the man who conducted the first Ameri-
can newspaper ("The Christian Citizen") that
devoted considerable space to the cause of universal
peace, and who also originated the "Olive Leaf
Mission," a monthly issue of printed slips, headed
by a dove with an olive leaf in its bill, that were
sent out to hundreds of newspapers for insertion.
Among the many other reforms claiming Burritt's
more or less active interest was the scheme.of an
ocean penny-postage to promote international corre-
spondence, and so, indirectly, international peace.
This was in 1847, sixty-two years before the slow
world showed itself ready for such a beneficent
innovation. Anti-slavery, temperance, self-culture,
and other good causes, were also advocated in "The
Christian Citizen," and the sufferings of Ireland in
the famine of 1847 called its editor to the Emerald
Isle and formed the subject of a pamphlet written
by him and widely circulated. "The Citizen of the
World," an anti-slavery journal, was a few years
later taken charge of by him in Philadelphia.
Besides editorial labors he wrote more than thirty
books and pamphlets of a philanthropic or instruc-
tive character, among which may be mentioned
"Sparks from the Anvil," "Walks from London
to Land's End and Back," "Peace Papers for the
People," and "Ten-Minute Talks on All Sorts of
Subjects, with Autobiography." Of his early thirst
for knowledge, especially linguistic, and his way of
economizing the odds and ends of time for its acqui-


1910.]
415
THE
DIAL
sition, everyone has heard and read considerable.
His Autobiography is the authoritative source of
our information under that head. But like many
men of great acquisitive powers and wonderful
memory, Burritt possessed no great originality of
thought, and his title to fame rests on his philan-
thropic labors rather than on his wide learning and
his mastery of many tongues.
Dr. William Gordon-Stables, surgeon, trav-
eller, and author, has written the last of his many
popular books. Death claimed him last month, at
the age of seventy years and a few days. His fer-
tile brain and his well-stored memory of personal
adventures in many lands and on many seas fur-
nished him with material for a hundred and fifty
volumes of vivid description and narrative and
varied invention, many of his books being written
for and well liked by boys. Born in Banffshire, he
studied medicine at Aberdeen University, and while
still but a youth he shipped as surgeon on a small
whaling brig bound for the Arctic regions. A false
report of the loss of the vessel with all on board pre-
ceded his home-coming, so that when he presented
himself at his father's door he was met by father
and sister both dressed in deep mourning. "Which
of the family is dead?" he inquired anxious'y.
"Why, you are," was the reply. Nine years of
service in the navy then followed, and still another
voyage to the frozen zone. Among his books a
few of the best-known are " From Pole to Pole,"
"Every Inch a Sailor," "A Girl from the States,"
"The Rose of Allandale," "Frank Hardinge,"
"Cycling for Health," and "Tea: the Drink of
Pleasure and of Health." In "Who's Who" it is
recorded that his recreations were " curling, swim-
ming, caravan touring all summer, and music," and
that he was a member of the Humanitarian League
and Wandering Secretary to the Sea Birds Pro-
tection Society. In the caravan that formed his
summer home many of his books were written.
The dedication of the Smith College
Library, the fine building to procure which Presi-
dent Seelye and the graduates and friends of the
college have been putting forth strenuous efforts for
more than a decade, took place on the twenty-
seventh of last month, and was made memorable by
a gathering of many distinguished guests and by the
meeting of the New England College Librarians'
Association. This latter body convened in the morn-
ing and did what it could to promote the intellectual
regeneration of man by discussing such questions
as "How Shall We Encourage Cultural Reading?"
and "Is it Advisable for Colleges to Print Lists for
Summer Reading?" and "The Relation of Required
Reading to the Capacity of Undergraduate Stu-
dents," and "Methods of Filing Newspaper Clip-
pings, Extracts, etc." At the dedication exercises
in the afternoon, President Seelye gave the history
of the development of the Smith College Library
from the time it occupied what is now the Regis-
trar's office to its removal into its present stately
quarters. The orator of the day was Dr. W. Dawson
Johnston, Librarian of Columbia University, who
spoke on "Academic Ideals in Library Administra-
tion," and emphasized the indispensability of trained
and educated librarians to minister to the literary
wants of college students. Miss Josephine A. Clark,
the college Librarian, called attention to the need of
an endowment fund of at least a hundred thousand
dollars for the proper development of the library
now so handsomely provided with a home.
The resources of the reference depart-
ment of the well-equipped public library are ac-
quiring dimensions that will ere long merit the
adjective "vast." General and technical cyclopae-
dias, biographical dictionaries of the living and of
the dead, concordances and other literary aids, lexi-
cons in increasing size, atlases of growing bulk, —
these and many other kinds of helps to the studious
and the curious are being produced with that plod-
ding, untiring industry which has hitherto been
regarded as preeminently characteristic of German
scholarship. With the daily increasing number of
special departments of learning and research, what
will be the aspect of the reference room of a cen-
tury hence? Already the complaint reaches us from
the Providence Public Library that this department
is there suffering from acute congestion. More
than thirteen hundred volumes of reference books,
writes Mr. Foster in his current Report, have been
crowded out of the reference room to more or less
distant parts of the building. But there is a pros-
pect of ampler quarters, sometime. Dictionaries
and encyclopaedias and similar works take up a great
amount of shelf-room, but they are indispensable.
• • ■
Ten million dollars for book-shelter, ex-
pended on a single building, cannot but seem a
regrettably lavish outlay on externals. If we esti-
mate the average cost of standard works in all
departments of literature at two dollars a volume
(a rather high estimate), we find that with this
immense sum spent, or soon to be spent, on the
great building in Bryant Square known as the New
York Public Library, a thousand collections of five
thousand volumes each could be bought. A thou-
sand small towns throughout our country could
thus be provided with much-needed reading matter,
in a sufficient quantity, for what has gone, in ways
known to those who have studied the history of
public buildings in this land of the politician and
home of the grafter, to keep the wind and the
weather from a single collection of public-library
books. The first estimate of two and one-half mil-
lion dollars as the probable cost of a structure worthy
to serve as a central library for our metropolis was
certainly a generous one; and yet already nearly


416
[June 16,
THE
DIAL
four times that amount haa been expended, and the
end is not yet. Sometime in 1911 —thirteen years
after work began in preparing the ground for the
new building — its doors will probably be opened,
and the public will see something more than the
now long-familiar exterior of this monument to mu-
nicipal extravagance and interminable red tape.
Poetry as a by-product of plodding toil in the
least poetical of trades and callings fills a larger
place in literature, especially current literature, than
might be imagined. A London literary letter calls
attention to the number of English verse-writers
who are workingmen in the humbler walks of life.
Although Mr. William H. Davies, whose "Farewell
to Poesy" has lately appeared, apparently prefers
to be known as a tramp, there is Mr. James Dryden
Hosken, postman in Cornwall, occasional supernum-
erary on the stage, one-time custom-house employee,
and at present doing extra duty as librarian and
secretary of a small religious establishment in his
county. He was '"discovered" by Mr. Quiller-Couch,
and is the author of a volume of poems and a play.
Mr. Alfred Williams, another minor poet who may
some day (who knows?) develop into a major poet,
works at his forge in Swindon by day and turns the
graceful rhyme at night. Mr. William Dowsing is an
artificer in gutta-percha as well as in verse; indeed,
he works in a factory, an ordnance factory. On
friendly terms with the muse are also "A Railway
Lad " of Belfast, a Derby laborer who writes verses
over the signature of " Gurnet," and the "Galloway
Poetess " who is a mill girl. The well-known dialect
poet, Mr. Jonathan Denwood, is a draper in his
uninspired hours. Is it that the eye of poetic imagi-
nation, like the eye of physical sense, catches glimpses
of certain things only by not being too directly fo-
cussed on them?
"Big brass gexerals" as heroes of boys'
books have demonstrated their inability, despite all
their brave trappings and splendid courage, to com-
pete with the humbler and hence more easily con-
ceivable "ragged Dicks" and "tattered Toms " of
Horatio Alger's creation. Mr. E. T. Tomlinson,
in his "World's Work" article on "The Perpetual
Best Sellers," calls attention to the decline of Henty's
popularity and the continued vogue of Alger. One
can well understand why it is that a Clive in India
or a Wolfe in Canada seem to a boy reader far less
real, less imitable in daily life, than a Ragged Dick
in the streets of New York. Yet theoretically, and on
high artistic and moral grounds, Henty's bespangled
heroes ought to do the young and ambitious reader
far more good than Alger's street gamins. But if
the boys cry for Alger and Oliver Optic, and weary
of sailing under Drake's flag with Henty, it may
be that for the promotion of honest American citizen-
ship, rather than for the creation of British generals
and admirals, whereof we are in no pressing need
at present, the humbler and homelier tale will be of
more service. Even impatient childhood ought not
wholly to neglect Tranio's counsel in "The Taming
of the Shrew," — to "study what you most affect."
COMM UNICA TION.
A STRIKING CASE OF LITERARY FORESIGHT.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
Students of French Romanticism will be interested
in Mr. Francis Gribble's article on "Alfred de Musset
after George Sand," in the April number of "The Fort-
nightly Review." It is an absorbing bit of literary
gossip, this story of Musset's later love affairs, and
perhaps some of the readers of The Dial may care to
know the French version of the subject. Mr. Gribble,
alasi neglects to mention it, although he does give us
his sources for some minor anecdotes (pp. 731, 732) in
his story. So I have amused myself by noting the
incidents related in the "Fortnightly" article, as they
occur in M. Leon Seche"s scholarly volumes on Alfred
de Musset (Paris, 1907).
Fortnightly. Stckt.
P. 721, par. 2: author's view of Sand's guilt ii. 21.
""3: Tattet's letter to Musset i. 99.
""4: Ste. Beuve's opinion of La Belgiojoso
ii. 89 (note).
P. 722 " 1: Balzac's estimate of her ii. 79.
""2: quotation and incident ii. 91.
""3: another ineident of this amour ii. 90.
P.723 " 1: Musset's caricature of the PrincesB B. . ii. 93.
""2: his letter to Mrae. Jaubert ii. 94.
""S: Musset, Rachel, and Janin ii. 108.
P. 724 " 1:" """ ii. 110.
""2: Musset's letter to Janin ii. 114.
""3: his liaison with Rachel ii. 117.
""4: character of Rachel ii. 118,124.
""5: her introduction into the beau
monde ii. 122 (note), 124.
P. 725 " 1: Walewski and Rachel ii. 125.
""2: Dr. Veron and Rachel ii. 128.
""3: Rachel's letter of protest ii. 126.
P. 725 " 4: result of scandal ii. 125,118.
P. 726 "2,3: Mme. Allan-Despreaux ii. 153-5.
P. 726 " 4: character of Mme. Allan ii. 15*9.
P.727 entire : Mme. Allan and Musset. . ii. 178-9,180,18W.
P.12S passim:" " "" ii. 184-5.
P. 729 entire: " ii. 186-7.
P. 730 "" "" ii. 197-8.
P. TM-S passim: Louise Colet ii. 210 sq.
P. 732 " 4: Colet and Ste. Beuve ii. 213, 215.
P. 732 end :Colet and Flaubert ii. 218.
P. 733 """ ii. 220,221,223.
P. 734, par. 1: her pertinacity ii. 225.
P. 734-5 :Colet and Musset ii. 226, 243.
Those who read the story in the French will miss, of
course, Mr. Gribble's sprightly style; they will have to
forego his numerous clever asides. But of the story
itself they will miss not a detail. They may even find
that M. Seche" can be witty too. And what clairvoyant
critical insight is his I A literary tact delicate enough
to divine, over three years ago, just what particular
passages the English writer would choose for quotation
from the original letters, is indeed little short of wonder-
ful. But the great French critics are constantly giving
us surprises of this sort. Lewib P!AGET Shanes.
University of Tennessee,
Knoxville, Tenn.. June 1.1910.


1910.]
417
THE
DIAJ,
%	 leto §oohs.
Mill Revealed in his Letters.*
"To me it appears a very weighty matter to
write a letter; there is scarcely anything that
we do which requires a more complete possession
of our faculties." These words from an early
epistle from John Stuart Mill to Carlyle prepare
us to learn that Mill composed his letters with
the same conscientious care which he gave to
his books. He wrote out a fair copy for the mail
and preserved the rough original, corrected and
interlined, for eventual publication. The bulk
of the letters now for the first time published
are taken from these first drafts. The Mill
whom they present to us is essentially the Mill
of the Autobiography. They give the history
of a mind, and only indirectly the revelation of
a personality. There were probably no new
disclosures to be made. But if there were any,
they have been withheld. There are no letters
to the lady whom Carlyle styled " Mrs. Platonica
Taylor," and none to the members of Mill's
family.
Mr. Elliot's Introduction is the sketchiest of
biographies and characterizations. The " Note
on Mill's private life" by Mary Taylor is a
sincere but timid apology for Mill's relations
with Mrs. Taylor. The question detains us at
the start only because the general nobility of
Mill's character and the unswerving rectitude of
his conduct in all other relations of life make
us reluctant to acknowledge any defects. The
obvious external aspect of the matter was, as his
father bluntly put it, "that John was in love
with another man's wife." But Mrs. Taylor had
been forced into a loveless marriage as a girl,
Mr. Taylor acquiesced in the friendship with
Mill, and Mill tells us that although he and
Mrs. Taylor "did not consider the ordinances of
society binding in so purely personal a matter"
their relation was conventionally correct. Mill's
friends were rather amused at the infatuation
of his judgment than shocked by any sense of
impropriety in his conduct. Only John Mill's
reputation, they said, could stand the testimonials
that he gave to his Egeria in prefaces and dedica-
tions. "She is a fine woman," said his brother,
"but nothing like what John thinks." All the
pent-up emotionality dammed by his unnatural
education, and held in check through years of a
•The Letters of John Stuart Mill. Edited, with
Introduction, by Hugh S. K. Elliot; with note on Mill's
private life by Mary Taylor. In two volumes, illustrated.
New York: Longmans, Green, & Co.
purely intellectual existence, found vent in this
passionate devotion. We can hardly blame
him. More serious is the faidt, first clearly
revealed to the public in Mary Taylor's apology,
that he was permanently estranged from his
mother because of her neglect to call upon Mrs.
Taylor the day after he had announced his
intended marriage with her. "Mill's letters to
his own family," says Mary Taylor, "are too
many of them painful . . . reading. He cannot
. . . shake their faith in him as a 'great and
good man.' He seems to endeavor to do this but
fails. ... It is wonderful to see a whole family
thus loving and enduring. Not one bitter word
is flung back to him." It is a pity. Mill seemed
so nearly perfect — the saint of positivism —
that we are saddened to find this flaw. But in
default of fuller knowledge of all the conditions,
we cannot judge him. It is more profitable to
turn at once to the letters which are given to
the public and which deepen our admiration for
the Mill that we know.
The letters fall into two unequal groups: the
more intimate letters written between the ages
of twenty-two and thirty-eight mainly to Stirling
and Carlyle, and the vast almost impersonal
correspondence of the recognized leader of lib-
eral thought between the years 1847 and 1873.
For John Stirling, the hero of Carlyle's vivid
biography, Mill seems to have felt more warmth
of affection than for any other man. He tells
him, anticipating Tennyson's words of Hallam:
"I know no person who possesses more of what
I have not than yourself." They were much
separated, and of course were not at one in
regard to religion. Four years after the corre-
spondence opens Mill writes: "I suspect that
your mind and mine have passed that point in
their respective orbits where they approximate
most." But he continued to regard Stirling as
"quite the most lovable of all men I have
known or ever look to know." And in the
same last letter, written in answer to one
announcing that his friend was at the point of
death, he tells him: "I have never so much
wished for another life as I do for the sake of
meeting you in it."
The longest letter, written after a summer
vacation at the Lakes, gives an interesting
account of Wordsworth and Southey. What
chiefly struck Mill in Wordsworth was "the
extensive range of his thought and the largeness
and expansiveness of his feelings." Evidently
Peter Bell had more sides than he showed to
Shelley and Hazlitt. "Another acquaintance
which I have recently made," writes Mill, "is


418
[June 16,
THE DIAL
that of Mr. Carlyle. I have long had a very
keen relish for his articles in the Edinburgh and
Foreign Reviews, which I formerly thought to
be such consummate nonsense." About eight
months later, we have the first letter to Carlyle.
Mill was at this time, as he tells Carlyle two
years afterward, in "a state of reaction from
logical utilitarian narrowness of the very nar-
rowest kind, out of which after much unhappi-
ness and inward struggling I had emerged and
taken temporary refuge in its extreme opposite."
This naturally brought the two men into a sem-
blance of agreement that was not permanently
possible for their temperaments. Mill's scrupu-
lous conscience is troubled by his suppression of
points of difference, and finally he makes full
confession, adding: "I have not till lately, and
very gradually, found out that this is not
honest." Carlyle of course reassures him that
many divergencies of opinion will not alter his
regard. The real difference, however, went
deeper than abstract theology, of which at
bottom Carlyle had as little as Mill. It was a
difference of rhetoric, that is of psychology and
temperament. Apropos of Teufelsdrockh, Mill
ventures to ask " whether this mode of writing
between sarcasm or irony and earnest be really
deserving of so much honor as you give to it by
making use of it so frequently." Mill at this
period of reaction from extreme Benthamism to
appreciation of Coleridge, Wordsworth, and
Carlyle, conceived it to be his mission to mediate
between the two schools of thought as he
attempted to do in his essay on Coleridge.
"If I have any vocation," he tells Carlyle, "it
is exactly this, to translate the mysticism of
others into argument." But Carlyle, who cul-
tivated metaphor, antithesis, paradox, and pic-
turesque exaggeration, as assiduously as Mill
suppressed them, could have no wish to see how
his thoughts would look stripped of their gor-
geous investiture and exposed in the uncom-
promising garb of a style designed to reveal the
precise truth and proportion of things. Mill
could and always did humbly acknowledge the
superiority of Carlyle's genius. "I certainly
could not now write," he says, "and perhaps
never shall be able to write, anything from
which any person can derive so much edification
as I, and several others, have derived in par-
ticular from your paper on Johnson." Mill
could understand and do justice to Carlyle. It
was impossible for Carlyle to perceive that in
range of knowledge and power of reasoning he
was a child compared to Mill.
The correspondence with Carlyle dies out
after 1835. The intensity of feeling on both
sides in the Eyre controversy (1866), and with
regard to the war in America, must have em-
phasized the incompatibility. Carlyle said
petulant things of Mill, as he did of every-
body. Mill's later estimate of Carlyle appears
in a letter to Thornton (by Helen Taylor) in
1869: "It is only at a particular stage in one's
mental development that one benefits much
by him . . . but one continues to read his best
things with little, if any, diminution of pleas-
ure after one has ceased to learn anything from
him."
The multifarious correspondence from the
year 1847, aet. 40, to 1872 shows us Mill the
authority whose opinions are sought on taxation,
on the education of women, on flogging in the
schools, on predestination, on profit-sharing, on
the freedom of the will, on divorce for incom-
patibility, on miracles, and on the value of a
pretty face in a suffragette orator, as a means
of influencing not men but women; Mill the
thinker exchanging views with Grote, Bain,
Ward, and Taine, on the foundations of logic
and psychology, the idea of cause, inconceiv-
ability as a test of truth, and the systems of
Comte, Spencer, and Hamilton; Mill the pub-
licist and member of parliament consulting or
consulted by the liberal leaders of England,
France, Germany, Italy, and America. We
can only hint at the wealth of thought contained
in these letters, or rather these finished little
essays. A closely argued letter to Gladstone, on
the Alabama Case, stands in immediate juxta-
position with a searching criticism of Spencer's
philosophy addressed to Bain. A theory of the
origin of the moral sentiments which evolution
has not bettered is followed by a letter to Villari
on the situation of Italy in 1849. The twentieth
century can exhibit examples of like versatility
of interests but none of equal competence. For
Mill illumines, if he does not adorn, every topic
on which he touches.
Many of the letters are in defense or explana-
tion of misunderstood passages in the "Political
Economy," the "Logic," or the "Utilitarian-
ism." The abuse by Americans and New Zea-
landers of Mill's concession that protection of
infant industries may sometimes be economically
justifiable, led him to withdraw it altogether.
To those who herald his "Political Economy"
as a "refutation of Socialism," he repeatedly
explains that he is rather in sympathy with the
ideals of socialism, though he thinks that it will


1910.]
419
THE
DIAL
be long before the world is ripe for them. The
considerable correspondence with Dr. W. G.
Ward displays Mill's readiness to discuss phil-
osophic problems with representatives of the
opposite school, and his fairness and courtesy
in weighing objections.
To only a few does Mill write often or as a
personal friend. Chief of them is the historian
Grote, of whose death, shortly before his own,
he says to Villari: "He was the oldest and by
far the most valued of my surviving old friends."
Next, perhaps, is Alexander Bain, who survived
him and wrote his life, who supplied many of
the scientific illustrations for the Logic, and with
whom the subtlest problems of philosophy are
frequently discussed. A large number of cordial
letters, written mostly in French, are addressed
to the Italian Pasquale Villari, author of the
standard work on Machiavelli. Many letters
are acknowledgements of presentation copies or
replies to such acknowledgments from those to
whom he had sent his own books. In such cases
Mill rarely confines himself to meaningless com-
monplaces. He criticizes and replies to criti-
cisms always in the spirit of what he says to
Thornton in reply to some animadversions on
the Utilitarianism: "Were you to attack my
book or my arguments with any amount of
severity, I should only see in the attack, coming
from one of whose friendship I am so certain,
an additional proof of friendship." Perhaps
the only failure of the judicial temper in these
volumes is the remark in a letter to Bain: 141
have found by actual experience of Hegel that
conversancy with him tends to deprave one's
intellect."
Mill always took intense interest in American
affairs. To his old philosophic adversary,
Whewell, he writes: "I have felt drawn to you
by what I have heard of your sentiments respect-
ing the American struggle. . . . No question of
our time has been such a touchstone of men."
How splendidly Mill himself stood the test is
known to all readers of the magnificent paper
on "The Conflict in America," published in
1862. His American correspondents include
Motley, Parke Godwin, Godkin, E. L. Youmans,
Mr. Horace White, Charles Eliot Norton, and
others. He is not blinded by his enthusiasm
for American liberalism. To a South Carolina
Library Committee, in 1854, he expresses the
tempered hope that "the United States may
lead the way to mental and moral as they have
already done to much political freedom." He
tells Motley that the war which has called forth
so much heroism and constancy has also exhib-
ited "the incompetency and mismanagement
arising from the fatal belief of your people that
anybody is fit for anything." And writing to
Mr. Brace, of New York, in 1871, he fears that
the ultimate result of the "organized system of
plunder of the many by the few which is called
protection " will be to place "all Americans in
a circle, each with his hand in the pocket of his
right-hand neighbor"—therein anticipating,
if we mistake not, a recent cartoon.
This review must close, although nothing has
been said of "votes for women," the cause of
high prices, taxation of the unearned incre-
ment, spiritualism; estimates of Tennyson,
Darwin, and Spencer; and countless other top-
ics as interesting and as timely as any touched
upon in this rapid survey. Mill on principle
avoided rather than sought sententiousness and
epigram. But he comes perilously near them
in the observation: "Reformers should assert
principles and only accept [not propose] com-
promises;" or in the remark addressed to a
Sabbatarian: "Any place unfit to be open on
Sunday is unfit to be open at all."
Many of the later letters are here said to
have been composed in whole or part by his
secretary, Helen Taylor. I cannot think that
all of these ascriptions are correct. I should be
loth to believe it of the sentence, " But then I
am a man" (Vol. II., p. 100). And it is not
probable that she wrote the characteristic
French letter to Taine in defense of his coun-
trywomen. In the last sentence of this letter
(II. 248), " Dont vous ne surprenez pas encore
l'existence," we should obviously read soup-
connez. So in the letter to Motley (II. 264),
the " feeling of all English liberals ... is one
of sincere respect for the disruption which they
think inevitable," respect is clearly a wrong
decipherment of regret.
This is not the place for an estimate of Mill
as a thinker, or for extended protest against
the fashionable assumption that he is an anti-
quated and negligible representative of obsolete
Victorianism. "What was there so significant
in John Mill?" asks our most popular psy-
chologist. If the up-to-date student of those
profound philosophers, Mr. H. G. Wells, Mr.
Bernard Shaw, and Mr. G. K. Chesterton, will
read, mark, and inwardly digest these letters,
and then go back to the series of sane and lucid
works to which they form so admirable an intro-
duction, he will find out.
Paul Shoret.


420
[June 16,
THE DIAJL
The Theatre of To-Day.*
In its attitude toward the theatre, the present
generation has been living in a transition period.
Forty years ago, the theatre was regarded simply
as an amusement; actors (except a few of the
greatest) were social outcasts; the writing of
plays was counted unworthy of the best pens;
the drama, in John Hare's happy phrase, was
the Cinderella of the arts. We have lived to see
the theatre regarded as one of the most power-
ful agents for the education of the people, the
actor the most feasted, photographed, and flat-
tered of men during his life, and promptly made
the subject of elaborate biography at his death;
the writing of plays the greatest ambition of
every young writer; courses in the technique
of the drama offered at most of our great uni-
versities; a play (" Salvation Nell") accepted in
place of a thesis from a candidate for Master's
degree at Harvard; and Cinderella the most
pampered, caressed, and courted of the art
sisters.
With such and so great changes going on
under our eyes, it is inevitable that the old
books dealing with the theatre —even the books
of ten years ago—should have become quite
obsolete; inevitable also that the new books
dealing with dramatic art, dramatic composi-
tion, dramatic ideals as they exist to-day, should
be of a wholly new type. Their mission is to
trace this new trend of the times — to help
us to decide whether we are justified in tak-
ing the theatre seriously, and if so, why. Thus
artistic and literary criticism fares forth on a
new path, to meet new situations, to cast forth,
if may be, the lingering ghosts of Puritanism
that have hovered about the stage so long and
have prejudiced or terrified so many worthy
persons.
A delightful escort into this new region is
Mr. Clayton Hamilton in his book on "The
Theory of the Theatre." Although some of
the chapters have had previous publication in
the magazines, the treatment is not in the least
scrappy; he answers the questions and explains
the problems in proper order, and in an analytic
fashion very satisfactory to all who wish to look
below the surface of things. It is by no means
superfluous that the author first takes up and
answers the apparently simple question, What
is a Play? A play not being a composition
intended primarily to be read, the attempt to
* Thk Theory of the Theatre, and Other Principles
of Dramatic Criticism. By Clayton Hamilton. New York:
Henry Holt & Co.
test it by its literary quality only, or even
chiefly, involves an academic fallacy. The very
plays that we now read in the closet were in-
tended primarily to be presented on the stage.
So immeasurably superior as a poet is Shake-
speare to Dryden that it is difficult for the col-
lege student to realize that, considered solely as
a play, Shakespeare's " Antony and Cleopatra"
is far inferior to Dryden's "All for Love, or
The World Well Lost," dealing with the same
characters. Shakespeare's play is merely dra-
matized history; Dryden's is constructed with
a sense of economy and emphasis that makes
it historical drama. The beautiful and poetic
passages in all of Shakespeare's plays make
it hard to realize that some of them — like
"Cymbeline " — are really very bad as plays.
From the standpoint of the theatre, therefore,
literature is only one of a multitude of means
which the dramatist must employ to convey his
story effectively to his audience. To be remem-
bered by posterity he must cultivate literary
excellence, but he need not write greatly to
secure the plaudits of his own generation. As
a matter of fact, an audience is not capable of
hearing whether the dialogue of a play is well or
badly written. What really moves it at Hamlet's
line, "Absent thee from felicity awhile," is not
the perfectness of the phrase but the pathos of
Hamlet's plea for his best friend to outlive him
in order to explain his motives to a world grown
harsh.
The problem of the dramatist is less a task
of writing than a task of constructing. His
primary concern is so to build a story that it
will tell itself to the eye of the audience in a
series of shifting pictures. Any really good
play can be appreciated, to a great extent, even
though acted in a foreign tongue. "Hamlet,"
being a great masterpiece of meditative poetry,
would of course lose much if deprived of its lit-
erary quality; but it is, besides, so great as a
play that its essential interest would remain if
it were shown in moving pictures. Every play-
wright understands that the scenario is more
important than the dialogue; before a line of
the dialogue is written, it is possible in most
cases to determine, from a full scenario, whether
a prospective play is good or bad.
An important difference between drama and
most of the other arts is that it is designed to
appeal to a crowd instead of to an individual.
As Mr. Hamilton, the author of the work be-
fore us, says:
"We have to be alone in order to appreciate the
'Venus of Milo,' or the 'Sistine Madonna,' or the


1910.]
421
THE DIAL
< Ode to a Nightingale,' or 'The Egoist,' or the 1 Religio
Medici,' but who could sit alone in a wide theatre and
see 'Cyrano de Bergerac' performed? The sympa-
thetic presence of a multitude of people would he as
necessary to our appreciation of the play as solitude in
all the other cases."
Hence the playwright must take into account
the psychology of a crowd. A crowd is less
intellectual and more emotional than the indi-
viduals that compose it. The dramatist, there-
fore, because he writes for a crowd writes for
a comparatively uncivilized and uncultivated
mind, a mind richly human, vehement in appro-
bation, emphatic in disapproval,easily credulous,
eagerly enthusiastic, boyishly heroic, and some-
what carelessly unthinking. A theatre audience
is composed of all sorts and conditions of men,—
the rich and the poor, the literate and the illit-
erate, the old and the young, the native and the
naturalized. It follows that the dramatist in
the same single work of art must incorporate
elements that will interest them all. A theatre
audience wants to have its emotions played upon;
it seeks amusement — in the widest sense of the
word—amusement through laughter, sympathy,
terror, tears. And it is amusement of this sort
that the great dramatists have ever given it.
Yet once they have fulfilled this prime necessity,
they may also write (and the greatest always
do write) secondarily for the few. So full of
human interest is "Othello," so great is its
constructive skill, that it appeals to the rab-
ble in a thirty-cent show; but Shakespeare,
being a great poet as well as a great play-
wright, employed a verse that, though lost
upon the throng, lingers forever in the ears of
the few.
"Not poppy, nor mandragora,
Nor all the drowsy syrups of the world,
Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep
Which thou own'st yesterday."
The greatest dramatist of all, in writing for the
crowd, did not forget the individual.
In discussing the evolution of the drama, the
drama of to-day is called the Drama of Illu-
sion, to distinguish it from its predecessors, the
Drama of Rhetoric and the Drama of Conver-
sation. Ask the average theatre-goer about the
merits of a play, he will praise it not for its
stately speeches (as Sir Philip Sidney praised
"Gorboduc "), not for its clever repartee (as
Dryden praised the Restoration drama), but
because it was "so natural." Sunsets and
starlit skies, moonlight rippling over moving
waves, fires that really burn, windows of actual
glass, fountains plashing with real water,
all of the naturalistic devices of our Drama
of Illusion, have been developed in the last few
decades —largely due to the possibilities of elec-
tric lighting.
Moreover, besides a whole new set of stage
conventions we have a wholly new type of
drama — the modern social drama, popularly
known as the problem-play. It came into exist-
ence about the fourth decade of the nineteenth
century; but in less than eighty years it has
shown itself to be the fittest expression in
dramaturgic terms of the spirit of the present
age, and it is now adopted to the exclusion of
almost every other type. It is continually
assailed by a certain set of critics, and by
another set continually defended. Especially
has its morality been a theme of bitter conflict.
Critics have been so busy calling Ibsen and his
followers either corrupters of the mind or great
ethical teachers, that they have not found leisure
to consider the more general and less conten-
tious questions of what the modern social drama
really is and on what ground its morality should
be determined.
The distinguishing character of this new
type — our modern social drama — is that the
individual is displayed in conflict with his
environment. A mighty war is waging between
personal character and social conditions. The
Greek hero struggled with the superhuman;
the Elizabethan hero struggled with himself;
the modern hero struggles with the world. On
the one side are the legions of society; on the
other side, a man. They who belittle the im-
portance of the modern social drama and regard
it as an arbitrary phase of art devised for busi-
ness reasons merely, by a handful of clever play-
wrights, have read but ill the signs of the times.
For the most important topic of our day is pre-
cisely this: the relation between the one and
the many, in politics, in business, in religion, in
the every-day dealings of men and women with
each other. The theatre does not and ought
not to shirk these problems.
The morality or immorality of certain plays
is not a question of subject-matter. There is
no such thing per se as an immoral subject for
a play; in the treatment of the subject, and
only in the treatment, lies the basis for ethical
judgment of the piece. Critics who condemn
"Ghosts "' because of its subject-matter might
as well condemn "Othello" because of its
subject-matter — might as well condemn it be-
cause the hero kills his wife: what a suggestion,
look you, to carry into our homes! "Macbeth"
is not immoral, though the play makes night
hideous with murders. A dramatist is immoral


422
[June 16,
THE DIAL
only when he is untrue. To make us pity his
characters when they are vile or love them when
they are noxious, to invent excuses for them in
situations when they cannot be excused, — in
a word, to lie about his characters,—this is for
the dramatist the one unpardonable sin. To it
must be added a second, almost equally great —
to allure the audience to generalize falsely in
regard to life at large, from the specific cir-
cumstances of his play. Because plays are so
rarely printed now-a-days, it is chiefly through
attending plays, and studying what lies beneath
the acting and behind the presentation, that
even the most well-intentioned critic of contem-
porary drama can discover what our dramatists
are driving at.
But the theatre is a business as well as an
art. Therefore the critic who considers the
drama of to-day must often turn from problems
of art to problems of economics. He must seek
for the root of certain evils, not in the technical
methods of the dramatists, but in the business
methods of the managers. At present, there
are too many theatres; there is an over-
production which is unsound not only from the
business standpoint, but in the long run it is
likely to alienate the more thoughtful class of
theatre-goers.
In a fine chapter on "The Function of the
Imagination," our author concludes his book by
defining the proper function of the dramatist.
"To imagine some aspect of the perennial struggle
between human wills so forcibly as to make us realize it
in the full sense of the word, — realize it as we daily
fail to realize the countless struggles we ourselves
engage in, the Theatre, rightly considered, is not a
place in which to escape from the realities of life, but a
place in which to seek refuge from the unrealities of
actual living in the contemplation of life realized, —
life made real by imagination."
Mr. Hamilton's book is dedicated "To
Brander Matthews, Mentor and Friend"; and
it does indeed show traces throughout of the
older man's influence. Nevertheless, it occupies
a place distinctly its own, and bears well a com-
parison with Mr. Matthews's almost simulta-
neous " Study of the Drama." In a general way
Mr. Matthews is more academic, Mr. Hamilton
more popular without being less critical or
scholarly. Like Macaulay in his reviews, he
brings his subject "down to last Saturday
night," and hence his book will be of great help
to readers and playgoers who are not quite clear
why the theatre of to-day is something to be
reckoned with in all sincerity and seriousness.
Anna Benneson McMahan.
Is Pragmatism Pragmatic ?•
"Pragmatism asks its usual question Grant an idea
or belief to be true, it says, what concrete difference will
its being true make in any one's actual life? What
experiences may be different from those which would
obtain if the belief were false? How will the truth be
realized? What, in short, is the truth's cash-value in
experiental terms? The moment pragmatism asks this
question, it sees the answer: True ideas are those that
we can assimilate, validate, corroborate, and verify.
False ideas are those that we cannot."— William James.
"There is no difference that does not make a differ-
ence. The best of theories must be found in practice.
The pragmatic philosophy is a renewed emphasis of this
truth. It is a philosophy of doing, and of knowing only
in relation to doing. It is a philosophy of work, of
activity, of enterprise, of achievement. And for this
reason it has taken up arms against all forms of dogma-
tism and apriorism, in so far as these stand for intel-
lectual interests which do not grow out of, nor minister
to, the needs of life." — H. H. Bawden.
"Note that I have no reproach to urge against
society for being pragmatic, that is to say, for watching
over its own interests. On the contrary, I think it is
perfectly legitimate that it should do so. And, besides,
the word 'interests' may be taken in the widest, or, if
you please, most elevated sense. But I do reproach a
school of modern philosophers for wishing to force
impersonal philosophy, a moral science, indifferent
nature, to speak the same language as our aspirations
and our passions, and even, I grant, our generous
aspirations, our noble passions. Our innate and psychic
tendencies (in the moral, social, and religious realms)
are phenomena for science to record and authenticate,
not to justify or legitimize." — Albert Schinz.
Pragmatism is not a new philosophy; it is
the name of a movement seeking to alter the
trend of philosophic thought so as to lay emphasis
on practical values. Philosophy, if hitherto a
wild thing of the woods, is now to be harnessed
to the cart of our needs, and with a little train-
ing may prove a serviceable and docile beast.
It is feared by some, however, that when this
happens philosophy will no longer lead us any-
where, but will have to be driven. The nag
may be easier to hitch and better to go than
the star, but will it have as constant a sense of
direction?
It is curious that this controversy should ever
have arisen. With the partial exception of man,
all living nature is frankly pragmatic. It is an
axiom of the biologist that every creature lives
for itself, and no case is known in which one
species possesses any activity solely for the good
of another, much less for no good at all. A
•The Meaning of Truth. By William James. New
York: Longmans, Green & Co.
Anti-Pragmatism. By Albert Schinz. Boston: Small,
Maynard & Co.
The Principles of Pragmatism. By H. Heath Bawden.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.


1910.]
423
THE
DIAL,
few supposed cases of this sort, such as that of
the plant in forming a gall for the gall-fly, break
down on examination. It is not rarely true
that the individual is sacrificed for the species,
but each species has no other object than its own
preservation. This being the case, pragmatism
(" opportunism in philosophy " Mr. Schinz calls
it) seems natural and inevitable, and any de-
parture from it suicidal in the long run. Shall
there be a science or a philosophy which deals
with things that are absolutely of no consequence
to human life? Put in this way, the question
is absurd. Professor Schinz has no such idea;
the quarrel really is on the question " What is
worth while?" Professor James says—and all
other pragmatists repeat — that, for us, things
are not different if they make no differences.
This again is in some sort an absurdity; for we
could not conceive them to be different if they
really were psychological equivalents, while if
they were metaphysical we could not conceive
of them at all. The real crux of the debate can
be represented by the query, Is pragmatism
pragmatic? Does the particular kind of philo-
sophic emphasis represented by the pragmatic
school, in the largest sense and in the longest
run, really serve the best needs of mankind?
For our guidance, we may take note of the
history of science. For long ages science pro-
gressed hardly at a snail's pace; in the last two
hundred years it has passed through a trot to
a gallop, and, so far as we can see, will shortly
take to an aeroplane. This tremendous accel-
eration may be partly explained in the sense of
maturity following a long period of youth, but
it must be mainly due to a difference in method.
The science of the middle ages mostly revolved
in circles or followed blind alleys. With some
brilliant exceptions, it was academic in the sense
of being apart from life. It was contemplative
rather than progressive, static rather than dy-
namic. It is not true to-day that it made no
difference, even in its least valuable forms ; but
as compared with its modern representative, it
made very little. The study of a grasshopper's
hind leg, as carried on to-day, is more worth
while, intellectually and practically, than was
the study of the universe at a time when the
student asked no question but "What do the
ancient classics say?"
Pragmatism, then, if we may venture to
interpret it briefly, accuses philosophy (and
ultimately some other things !) of being in large
part where science was several hundred years
ago. If it tries to prove that these things have
no purpose and no meaning—even the poorest
of them — it will fail; but taking the stand that
we must get the greatest amount of good out of
life, and that our philosophy must be a going
concern, it appears to be abundantly justified.
There is, indeed, a danger on the other side.
There are many signs that science in these days
tends to become so opportunistic that it denies
itself the larger outlook, and eventually defeats
its own ends. The advice to seek first the
kingdom of heaven is as sound as it ever was;
and there can be no doubt that the adoption of
pragmatic ideals would in crasser minds lend
justification to conduct which, from the stand-
point of the race, would be highly injurious.
Perhaps we may put the thing in this form:
Science progresses in proportion to its work-
ableness and unity. Philosophy might do the
same, but the ordinary individual is something
like a planet kept in its course by the interaction
of two (or more) opposing forces. To him, a
single consistent working philosophy would per-
haps be destructive, just as though one of the
factors in a balance had been removed. It
would necessarily accumulate around the larger
influences in his life, and if these were good,
well enough; but if they were inferior, what
then? This, I think, is the real essence of the
anti-pragmatist position; and it cannot be
lightly disposed of.
To those who are conservative by training
and disposition, the ancient cobwebs in the
halls of learning seem beautiful and precious;
to others (including the writer) it seems that
they should be removed, for we have better
things to put in their places. We desire for
Professor James the longest broom and strong-
est arm; but we are not sure that we wish
the whole household to go spider-hunting.
We suspect, in fact, that some are not expert
arachnologists.
After all this, we have not described the con-
tents of the books that have formed the text of
our discourse, but have merely tried to indicate
in some manner the nature of their subject. It
should be said about Professor Schinz, that he
really represents what from our standpoint is a
reactionary social policy. We do not agree
with his opinions on things in general, and do
regard him as a defender of cobwebs; but that
does not prevent the recognition of the valid
part of his argument.
Professor Bawden's book is really a general
treatise on philosophy and psychology, and it
does not seem to us that the title accurately
describes the contents.
T. D. A. COCKERELL


424
[June 16,
THE
DIAL
Sheridan and his Contemporaries.*
It is doubtful if there is in the whole range of
the eighteenth century a man more fascinating to
the biographer than Richard Brinsley Sheridan,
and that too in a century crowded with remark-
able and picturesque men; yet it is not till now,
nearly a hundred years after his death, that we
have a just and adequate biography of him.
Mr. Sichel's work gives us the real Sheridan in
his proper environment; it presents him in all
the pomp and circumstance of his age. Equally
brilliant, as Lord Holland said, " in the closet,
the theatre, and the senate," Sheridan had a
personality as varied as it was attractive, as
contradictory as it was persuasive. He was in
some respects a genuine child of the century.
He had all the sentimentalism and melancholy
of the time. He was in sympathetic touch with
the new romanticism, as is shown by an Ossianic
fragment quite in the fashion of the romantic
Macpherson, which Mr. Sichel gives us. And
yet again he was no mere child of the period.
He was a democrat at a time when the haughty
Duchess of Buckingham could say of the Meth-
odists, "It is monstrous to be told that you have
a heart as sinful as the common wretches that
crawl on the earth. This is highly offensive and
revolting." In an age when political purity was
a largely negligible quantity, he was above a
bribe and he could therefore the more effectively
prosecute Warren Hastings. But he was most
of all a Sheridan, the grandson of the erratic and
guileless Dr. Thomas Sheridan, Swift's friend,
who on the anniversary of the accession of the
Hanoverians innocently preached on the text,
"Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof."
His procrastination was as notorious as his care-
lessness. His wife speaks of "the bottomless
pit of his pocket," and records that "anything
in his hands is irrecoverable." He would dis-
charge large sums that were not even claims, and
yet leave his old servants, Martha and Sarah,
coalless and without their wages. He was "god-
like in giving but the devil to pay." When
his purse was full, he would empty it for chil-
dren and servants; and he would push over
an "IOC" with the exclamation, anticipating
Micawber," Thank God, that's settled." His wit
was unfailing; even when he lay dying besieged
by bailiffs, he ordered a placard to be placed
with this inscription: "I know your necessities
before you ask them and your ignorance in ask-
ing." On the other hand, we have his keen
•Sheridan. By Walter Sichel. In two volumes. Boston:
Houghton Mifflin Co.
sensitiveness to suffering, as shown, for instance,
when his first wife died, his beautiful and accom-
plished St. Cecilia.
Sheridan's Irish origin helps in part to ex-
plain the man; but, as Mr. Sichel says:
"This U not all. He was no ordinary Irishman, nor,
indeed, an ordinary being. Take his career. His prog-
ress seemed slow, but his successes were sudden. He
became great, as it were, by stealth. He sauntered
into notice and glided into fame. He stole into the wills
and affections of men and women by a wizardry of his
own. Yet out of many incongruous colours, which at
first sight might seem to baffle portraiture, a distinct
picture emerges. . . . The knight of the free lance
enters the lists, tilts at bewitched quintains, and in
every tournament carries away the prize. . . . He owns
the talisman of personal magnetism, and often as the
courtiers turn on their heel — their wont when genius
blocks the way — he calmly pursues the zigzag of his
course with an inscrutable smile that wins them back
again. But the plaudits die away. Without an audience
he broods and dies. He waits, drowning reflection, and
draining bumper on bumper to the past which he vows
to retrieve. A fresh bugle-call dispels his apathy. He
starts eager from his cups, charges new enemies, and
gathers fresh laurels. Once more he feels invincible,
till, too often the world's dupe and his own, disillusion-
ized, though never soured, battered by disease, intemper-
ance, and distresses, he sinks at length into a neglected
death-bed but an honoured grave."
Such is the man that Mr. Sichel admirably
portrays in two large volumes of over a thou-
sand pages. But he does more. He outlines
the century as the fitting background for the pic-
ture, and shows Sheridan's relations to the mul-
tifarious activities of the age. It was the time
of Rousseau and Sterne, of the American and
the French Revolutions; it was a carnival of
drinking and gambling, and of " bare, bald cor-
ruption " in politics; it was an age of scandal,
immortalized in Sheridan's comedy, of extortion,
of preciosity and brutality, of taste and turbu-
lence, of color and costume, of gallantry and
gaiety. And all this Mr. Sichel illustrates from
the careers of Sheridan and his contemporaries.
The course of Sheridan's life, his courtship
and runaway marriage with the beautiful and
talented Miss Linley, his duels with his rival,
his remarkable success with the drama, his
social and political rise to the very foot of the
throne, reads like a romance, and it loses none
of its effectiveness in this spirited narrative.
And Mr. Sichel is scholarly and as interesting
whether he is treating Sheridan's literary and
dramatic work or tracing his steps to the elo-
quent arraignment of Warren Hastings. His
discussion of "The Rivals " and " The School
for Scandal" is a sound piece of literary criti-
cism. He traces the evolution of " The School"
from the sheet of dialogue for "The Slander-


1910.]
425
THE DIAL
ere — A Pump-Room Scene," through two short
scenes, one satirizing an ill-assorted match (the
Teazle story), the other a melodramatic comedy
of jealousy and intrigue, which is the real nu-
cleus of the plot, to the perfect comedy. The
charge of plagiarism is disposed of, and the
relation to Sheridan's predecessors in comedy
is dealt with at some length. An interesting
sketch is given of contemporary and subsequent
performances of "The School for Scandal"
down to the masterly revival by Mr. Beerbohm
Tree last summer in London.
A considerable amount of new material has
enabled Mr. Sichel to reveal the Sheridan of
politics and society as he has not been hitherto
known. The Diary of Georgiana, Duchess of
Devonshire, from November 20, 1788, to Jan-
uary 12, 1789, gives interesting glimpses of
him, and is especially entertaining in its account
of the insanity of George III., for she tells a
goodly number of the things he did when really
crazy. Mr. Sichel has been able, moreover,
to recover parts of Sheridan's great speeches,
especially the Begum speech preliminary to the
trial of Warren Hastings, and the still greater
speech of the trial itself — the speech that took
four days to deliver, that was heard by all the
social and political world, and that was the
crowning glory of Sheridan's career. The re-
lation of Sheridan to the French Revolution,
his opposing Burke and defending the French,
his condemnation of the war against France, and
his loyal defence of England against the threat-
ening* of Napoleon, is discussed with insight
and sympathy. The pathos of Sheridan's later
life is brought out with all the affection of a
lover. "Exclusion," says Mr. Sichel, "forms
the motto of these dismal years (1809-1812):
exclusion from the theatre, exclusion from his
party, exclusion eventually from Carlton House,
and exclusion from St. Stephen's." The closing
chapter is sad indeed; disease and poverty were
followed by death, and then, as in keeping with
the strange changes of fortune that marked
his whole career, his burial was in Westminster
Abbey with all that the nation accords those
whom she delights to honor.
Sheridan's life was a remarkable one, for the
man himself was remarkable, — so much so that
Mr. Sichel seems justified in saying that he
remains " a sprite, hovering above the puppet-
show of existence. He belongs not to the
white-robed immortals who sit radiant and aloft,
but to the elfin band who have never faded from
our atmosphere. His province is not history
but wonderland." James w. Tuppek.
Modern Landscape.*
Nature is not the same thing as scenery, nor
is scenery the same thing as landscape. And it
may be that both Dr. Myra Reynolds and Mr.
Birge Harrison will think it is confusing what
they wish to make clear, to put together their
two books — one on the poetic treatment of
Nature in the eighteenth century and the
other on landscape-painting at the present day.
Really, however, there is a good deal of con-
nection. Miss Reynolds, it is true, deals with
a larger topic in a broader field. She speaks
of the sense of Nature in general, as exhibited
in literature, painting, landscape-gardening,
travel; while Mr. Harrison writes especially of
pictures. Still, although it is a mistake to con-
fuse the arts, and to speak as though they were
all much the same sort of thing — except per-
haps in material and audience, — yet these two
books show a difference in general culture and
thought that is very interesting.
Our feeling in art at the present day differs
decidedly from that of the age of Queen Anne.
That the classicism of Pope gave way in the
course of a hundred years to the romanticism of
Byron, of Shelley, and Wordsworth, is a com-
monplace; as also that this change of artistio
feeling is to be observed in other forms of cul-
ture than literature. Music and painting have
had their classicism and their romanticism as
well as poetry, though their times and sea-
sons in the different nations of Europe have
been rather different. The transitions of the
eighteenth century are very clear, but it is not
always clear what changes may have occurred
since.
Mr. Harrison, concerned with the artistic
things of art rather than the speculative or the
historical, makes a remark that suggests the
result as far as landscape painting is concerned.
Miss Reynolds has a chapter on landscape paint-
ing in the eighteenth century, in which (besides
collecting a splendid mass of material) she traces
the development of a love of nature among
English painters, and, indeed, writes: "But in
abundance and variety of theme the English
landscape artists have by the end of the century
surpassed even the poetry of the period" (p.
321). Mr. Harrison, however, writes: "Not
until the early years of the nineteenth century,
and then in far-away England, did the first
•The Treatment of Nature in English Poetrt
between Pope and Wordsworth. By Myra Reynolds. The
University of Chicago Press.
Landscape Painting. By Birge Harrison. New York:
Charles Scribner's Sons.


420
[June 16,
THE
DIAL
true school of landscape make its appearance"
(p. 5). This does not mean that Mr. Harrison
has never heard of Richard Wilson, is unaware
of Gainsborough's painting every tree within
miles of Ipswich, does not know that there was
a painter named Girvin. It simply means that
he holds that the movement which began with
Crome, Borington, Cotman, Constable, in the
first quarter of the nineteenth century, has so
influenced modern painting that whatever went
before is simply not worth considering.
All this has no bearing on the historical char-
acter of Miss Reynolds's facts and deductions;
but it has something to do with what we shall
think of her book and Mr. Harrison's, and what
we shall think of the nature and the art that
they present. And this will be the case even
more here in America than elsewhere, because
in America the influences traced by Miss Rey-
nolds had more free play than in Europe, where
they almost at once were confused with other
powerful forces, and also because the influences
of which Mr. Harrison writes have hardly been
of importance for more than thirty or forty
years. For we shall want to read the books of
those two authors, I take it, not merely as his-
toric or artistic treatises, but because we may
find in them guidance, stimulus, suggestion, or
what not, for our own thinking and feeling and
enjoyment of nature, whether in the garden or
in the woods, and in art whether in picture or
in poetry. We read of the rise of romanticism
out of classicism, and are interested because we
enjoy those things that were dear to the romantic
soul; or we read of the ideas and principles of
modern schools of landscape, because it makes
clearer to us the beauty of the last picture we
saw, or opens to us the beauty of some new one.
As we read and appreciate how the English poets
came to enjoy and love the mountains and the
lakes, we feel that we understand all that; as
we read of the change from the trim and clipped
conventionality of the formal garden to the open
and free English parks we enjoy that too; as we
look at the difference between the early classic
landscapes of Wilson and his later more romantic
scenes, or as we look at Gainsborough and think
of Claude, we feel that we understand the
change, even that it is a part of us. Somewhat
disconcerting, then, is the idea that that view of
landscape (at least) is non-existent to-day; that
in all that reading we were merely interesting
ourselves in archeology; that if we wish to be
modern we must become acquainted with other
feelings, other emotions, other ideals; that
Gainsborough, Wordsworth, Repton are now
historical, and that art to-day has masters of
very different kind.
In America, as has been said, this feeling
will be stronger than elsewhere, for in America
our traditional ideas of beauty in landscape and
in poetry and in landscape-painting developed
directly, and without much external influence,
from the ideas of England in the eighteenth
century. When Constable and Borington were
impressing the simple quiet claim of domestic
scenery, as well as their very striking mode of
rendering it, upon Rousseau and Millet, Thomas
Cole and Asher Durand were carrying out the
romantic ideals of Wilson and Gainsborough,
just as Cooper and Irving were carrying out the
romantic conceptions of scenery that we love in
Sir Walter Scott. The result was aided by the
fact that America had much of the wild and
romantic in her scenery. Our mountains and
our rivers, with their gorges and waterfalls,
aroused and stimulated a pleasure in the free
and grandiose forms of nature that has by no
means died out. In the eighteenth century
Europe learned the beauty of the mountain; and,
in America at least, the lesson has not been
forgotten. It is probable that more visitors
to the Metropolitan Museum admire the great
picture of the Rocky Mountains by Bierstadt
than pause before all the pictures by George
Innes put together. This does not show that it
is better for one to do so, but simply that such
is the widely-prevailing popular feeling for land-
scape in America.
Miss Reynolds's book treats admirably the
growth of this sentiment in England in the
eighteenth century. Originally a study only
of poetry, it has been extended to cover the
other fields of art and culture, and now gives
an immensely interesting study of the growth
of the romantic love of nature. Her reading
is very wide and her treatment includes much,
indeed almost everything that one can think
of. For myself, I must confess that she seems
rather to lack temperament, or at least the
power to convey temperament. Take Thomson,
for instance. We learn much from her about
Thomson,—that he was most sensitive to the
sights and sounds of nature, that he wrote from
a deep personal experience, that he knew the
sterner phenomena of nature and also her less
ordinary phases, that he loved her for her own
sake. But with all that, I miss some apprecia-
tion of why or how it was that Thomson thought
that these were the great things of life, the
things that poetry should render. In the mass
of facts that she has gathered and so clearly


1910.]
427
THE
DIAL.
correlated, Miss Reynolds often seems at a loss
to appreciate values. Of Wilson, for instance:
it is delightful to find in her book some of
Wilson's Welsh pictures which will be new to
all but the student of his art. But what is it
in Wilson that gives him still something of a
hold on painter and public alike? What is
there, in other words, of value in this romantic
view of nature? At a time like ours, when that
view is being lost in the past, when one is likely
to be distracted by all sorts of more modern
interests, one would gladly find some " appreciar
tion" (as they say) of the spirit of romantic art.
Miss Reynolds will perhaps remind us that
her work is historic and not critical; and cer-
tainly in the field of the history of culture she
has produced a book that one cannot do without.
I know of no other place where so much of value
in its own field is given, where the course of
general culture of that day is so well exhibited.
I presume there are deficiencies and errors in
the book, but certainly not very many. If there
be a lack, I should find it in the failure some-
times to give adequate causes or reasons for the
phases of feeling that she chronicles. Thus —
just for one thing — take the love of mountain
scenery. One may find in Miss Reynolds's pages
the successive steps of its growth in poetry, pic-
ture, travel. But where did the feeling come
from? If one is going to deal with literary
history, this is certainly a fair question. Miss
Reynolds — unless I have missed something—
says nothing about it. She quotes in a footnote,
and without comment, the commonplace that
Rousseau opened the eyes of Europe to the
beauty of the Alps. But that has little appli-
cation to England: long before the " Nouvelle
Heloise" was thought of, Horace Walpole and
Thomas Gray had appreciated to the full the
wonders of the Alps. They were probably
themselves not the first; probably there were
always in England those who were struck by the
wild and grand in mountain scenery. Evelyn
in the seventeenth century is not without appre-
ciation of mountains, nor Lady Mary Wortley
Montagu at the beginning of the eighteenth.
They liked other things better, doubtless, as did
Horace AValpole; but, like him, they felt but
now and then the romantic wildness of mountain
scenery. It was to them, perhaps, an escape
from the conventional which they otherwise
loved, an opening of a new horizon, as it has
been to so many since their day.
It may be the exhilaration of the discovery
of a new world that gives character to the newer
landscape of which Mr. Harrison writes. One
will find in his book few, perhaps none, of the
motives noted by Miss Reynolds. If we may
judge from him, it would be a matter of indiffer-
ence to an artist whether he painted a mountain
or a haystack in the pasture. That England,
as also Europe and America, should have been
aroused to the wonders of mountain and valley,
cataract and precipice, is a fact that one may
neglect on turning over his pages, for he is
absorbed in the delight of other and newer dis-
coveries. Light and vibration, color and value—
these may be seen alike on mountain and hay-
stack; indeed, rather more conveniently on the
latter. One can find as much pleasure in a
common November hill-slope with its stone walhi
and its patches of wind-driven snow as Dr.
Thomas Brown found in the view of Thirlmere,
which he said might have occupied the united
genius of Poussin, Claude, and Salvator. One
can find as much in the quiet brook that runs
through Woodstock meadows as in the leaping
and tumbling water that comes down at Lodore.
The modern landscapist sees all nature trans-
figured; and if the modern public does not, it
may well read Mr. Harrison's book to find out
something about it. It is worth getting the two
books just to compare their pictures ; and I ven-
ture to say that whoever will do so will gain
something worth having in his appreciation of
modern landscape.
"I wish someone would explain to me this
new school of Boeklin, Childe Hassam, and
La Touche," said a perplexed business man not
long ago, on returning from Pittsburg. Mr.
Harrison's book will not wholly perform so
extraordinary a feat, but it may help out in some
directions. Edward E. Hale, Jr.
Marcus Whitman Once Moke.*
Still another life of Marcus Whitman has
been published. It is the posthumous work of
the Reverend Myron Eells, who died in January
of 1907. Mr. Eells was a son of the Reverend
Cushing Eells, an associate of Dr. Whitman in
the work of the Oregon missions, the author
of one of the early versions of the Whitman
story, and the founder of Whitman College.
Born in Oregon in 1843, and brought up in
the hotbed of Whitmanism, Mr. Eells was never
able to see beyond it. Although much moderated
in tone, this book still claims that Whitman
went East in the winter of 1842-43 to "save
•Marcus Whitman, Pathfinder and Patriot. By
Rev. Myron Eells, D.D. Seattle: The Alice Harriman Co.


428
[June 16,
THE DIAL
Oregon," and that Oregon was " saved " as the
result of his representations in Washington and
of the assistance that he rendered to the emigra-
tion of 1843. What new evidence does it pre-
sent in support of this contention? Absolutely
none. In all essential points it is little more
than a repetition of the pamphlet that Mr. Eells
issued in 1883. The case still rests upon the
pseudo-recollections of Spalding and Geiger,
from twenty to forty years after the event, and
upon the books of Gray and Barrows, whose
authority has been hopelessly discredited. These
statements are crowded with contradictions,
impossibilities, and absurdities, which it would
be a work of supererogation to analyze in detail,
since they were fully covered in Professor
Bourne's well-known essay. That Mr. Eells
should have continued to cling to Spalding as
an authority is passing strange, since he has
himself shown that the Spalding version of the
story was almost wholly erroneous, and excused
its vagaries on the ground that Spalding was
"unbalanced" by the hardships he suffered at
the time of the Whitman massacre.
That Mr. Eells had no conception of the
nature of historical evidence, and no knowledge
of the source material of American history,
is clear from his arguments in this book. It
is claimed that there would be no record of
the negotiation of the supposed treaty for
the surrender of Oregon, because it was not
consummated; that the fact that no copy of
Whitman's supposed pamphlet in support of
the emigration of 1843 has ever come to light
is " no valid objection," and that the argument
that " evidence given from memory and written
many years after the events occurred ... is
not good when unaccompanied by contemporary
written documents . . . is of little weight."
Now in this case the "evidence given from
memory" is accompanied by an abundance of
"contemporary written documents," all of them
entirely consistent and flatly contradicting the
recollections "written many years after the
events occurred." The only parts of this evi-
dence that the present book notices are Whit-
man's own letters, which it endeavors to explain
by claiming that Whitman omitted all reference
to his larger purpose from fear of the Hudson
Bay Company and the Mission Board. The let-
ters, taken together with those of Mrs. Whitman,
are too consistent to admit of any such con-
struction, and Dr. Whitman was too honest a
man to have been guilty of the systematic eva-
sion that this construction assumes. That Dr.
Whitman rendered great service to the emigra-
tion of 1843 is unquestioned; but the claim
that this emigration was dear to his heart is
absolutely disproved by the two letters that he
wrote from Shawnee Mission.
Much that has been written about "saving
Oregon" has been based upon an entire mis-
conception of the status of the Oregon question.
Despite the party shibboleth of " Fifty-four forty,
or fight," the United States was absolutely com-
mitted to the line of the 49th parallel. The
British government was similarly committed to
the line of the Columbia river. The only part
of Oregon that was in question was the part
between the Columbia river and the 49th par-
allel. Dr. Whitman understood this perfectly,
and wrote his brother-in-law, November 5,1846,
before he had heard that the boundary had
been settled, and without expressing any interest
in the matter: "North of the Columbia, you
know, is in dispute between the British and the
States ; you may early learn the result." This
is the only part of Oregon that was "saved,"
and with this part Dr. Whitman never had any-
thing whatever to do.
The book charges the late Professor Bourne
with inaccuracy in saying that "Greenhow's
exhaustive history was being distributed as a
public document" in 1843, inasmuch as Green-
how's "History of Oregon and California " was
not published until later. The book to which
Professor Bourne referred was Greenhow's
"Memoir, Historical and Political, on the North-
West Coast of North America," which was
published as a public document in 1840, and
of which the Senate ordered the issue of twenty-
five hundred copies "in addition to the usual
number." Professor Bourne's statement in
regard to Fremont was also absolutely correct.
With respect to the date of Dr. White's report
as Indian Agent, he appears to have been in
error. This is all there is of the vaunted " mis-
takes of Professor Bourne."
The editors of this volume present as a front-
ispiece a picture of the statue of Whitman on
the Witherspoon Building in Philadelphia, a
replica of which in staff was unveiled last year
at the Alaska-Yukon Exposition. As there is
no portrait of Whitman extant, this represen-
tation of him must be largely imaginary, and
therefore serves as an appropriate introduction
to the pen-picture in the text. The purpose of
the volume is indicated by the map at the end,
illustrating the educational field of Whitman
College. It would contribute greatly to the
reputation of this institution if its friends would
abandon the unfounded pretensions that have


1910.]
429
THE
DIAL
been set up in Whitman's behalf, and would
base their claims for public support upon his
real worth as an honest man and a devoted
missionary. F> H. Hodder.
Briefs on New Books.
Practical In Profes8or MUnsterberg's volume
probUnu of appearing under the title "American
American life. Problems from the Point of View of
a Psychologist" (Moffat, Yard & Co.) we find a
collection of the miscellanous essays contributed by
him to various magazines, and which at the time of
their first publication attracted unusual attention
and aroused considerable discussion; for each one
of them treats of an important question in an orig-
inal and forceful way. The opening paper, on
'' The Fear of Nerves," declares that we twentieth-
century Americans are not so much victims of over-
wrought nerves as victims to the belief that we
ought to be or are bound to be nervously prostrated
by the conditions of our complicated and breathless
manner of life. The author reassuringly points out
how much better off in all that makes for bodily
and mental ease we are than our ancestors were.
In "The Choice of a Vocation" and "The Market
and Psychology" some important and little-
recognized functions of psychologic science are dis-
cussed. In "The Standing of Scholarship" and
"Books and Bookstores " the viewpoint of the edu-
cated German reveals itself. In the closing essay,
on "The World Language," the false assumptions
and mistaken zeal of the Simplified Spelling Board
are incidentally held up to criticism. Especially
significant is the German-born author's testimony
that this language-mending — or language-marring,
rather — will greatly increase the difficulty expe-
rienced by foreigners in learning our tongue. Among
other objections to the whole deplorable business, he
says: "Even the obscuring words with a double
meaning have been increased: mist is now mist and
missed; past is now past and passed; and yet
nowhere unity: wisht but not fisht, wirikt but not
linkt." He also effectively disposes of the conten-
tion that it is our English spelling that keeps our
schoolchildren one or two years behind the German
schoolchildren. There are other polemic chapters
in the book quite as good and almost as much
needed as this timely protest. The volume is one
to read with that wholeness of attention which the
writer repeatedly warns us we are in danger of
losing.
a packet of With the dust of half a century on
John Hav't their faded wrappings, a little parcel
early utter,. 0f ietters, written from Warsaw and
Springfield, Illinois, by John Hay, just graduated
from Brown University, to Nora Perry, his much-
admired and esteemed friend in Providence, are now
edited by Miss Caroline Ticknor, under the title "A
Poet in Exile," and published in the Riverside series
of limited editions, by Houghton Mifflin Company
Not only Hay's exile from cultured New England
to the rude West of. fifty years ago is indicated by
the book's title, but also his early banishment—
self-banishment it might be called—from the poet's
peaceful Arcady, where his temperament and tastes
fitted him to dwell, to the dust and turmoil of the
world of affairs. Accompanying the letters went a
few metrical compositions, which the maturer and
more fastidious John Hay would doubtless have
blushed to own, but which, in their present setting
and with Miss Ticknor's graceful and appropriate
words of introduction, present an interesting and
not unworthy picture of the young writer's mental
and emotional state in that storm-and-stress period
when he was making the feverish attempts of ardent
youth to find himself. Five in number, the letters
were written at long intervals in the years 1858,
1859, and 1860. It is Hay the possible great poet,
the possible eloquent preacher, the possible smart
lawyer or man of businsss, but always Hay the
idealist and dreamer, not yet entered on the path of
positive achievement and assured renown, that flits
uncertainly before the vision in reading these soulful
outpourings of his to a sympathetic and highly-gifted
friend. They have the deep seriousness of ingenuous
youth, and the verses they enclose treat (with the
natural propensity of unclouded adolescence) of the
dark things of destiny and the melancholy charms
of death. But in aptness and fluency of expression,
at least, they and the letters reveal powers above the
average. There is certainly no cause for regret,
but rather much reason to be thankful, that these
glimpses of what may be called the ante-Lincolnian
John Hay have been vouchsafed us. An expressive
portrait of the young man makes a charming frontis
piece for the beautifully printed volume.
Humoroui From the Elm Tree Press, Wood
phase, of life stock, Vermont, issues the second
in a library. volume of "The Librarian's Series,'
entitled "The Library and the Librarian," being
"a selection of Articles from the Boston Evening
Transcript and other Sources," from the pen of that
chronicler (and inventor) of bibliothecal humor
Mr. Edward Lester Pearson. He is "The Librarian'
of the above named journal, and also the cleverly
disguised author of the first number in "The
Librarian's Series." Philobiblos, alias Jared Bean,
the whimsical compiler of "The Old Librarian's
Almanac," now stands revealed, by the publishers
confession, as no other than Mr. Pearson himself
the ostensible editor of that mirthful publication.
His second appearance, in the book under review
is almost equally provocative of smiles and chuckles
His irrepressible Mrs. J. Pomfret Smith, his clam
orous and disputatious Mrs. Douglas Boomwhacker
his patient and cheerful Miss Anderson, and his
pompous Professor Sears, with numerous other
types of library-users and library attendants, are
characters that will live in library literature as long
as librarians retain their present relish for humor


430
[June 16,
THE
DIAL
that is at once quiet and keen, and a due sense of
the peculiar trials and vexations of their increas-
ingly arduous calling. Mr.. Pearson's chapters,
fourteen in number, are short and crisp, and, with
the exception of one reprinted from "The Library
Journal " and one read at the librarians' gathering
at Lake Minnetonka two years ago, are from the
upper stratum of the cream of his "Transcript"
articles. Especially timely are two chapters con-
taining words of eloquent defense of "Tom Sawyer"
and " Huckleberry Finn," which "Miss Timmins"
and certain other maiden custodians of children's
reading-rooms are trying to suppress. The amusing
quality of Mr. Pearson's book must not beguile the
conscientious reviewer into overlooking certain
small errors, which are the more noteworthy because
of that minute and painful accuracy that character-
izes, or is supposed to characterize, every librarian
to the manner born. The long-suffering printer
cannot be chargeable with all the lapses we have
noted. Scott's fiction is spoken of as " the Waverly
novels." "Sanatarium" is perhaps written in an
attempt to please two opposing factions, the "sani-
tarium" and the "sanatorium " advocates. Page
1467 of a certain imaginary book is described as
"the left hand one," with no explanation of this
unaccountable pagination. Finally, one is surprised
that a librarian should deliberately use, in writing
for publication, so loose English as occurs in the
author's reference to "the saying of Dr. Johnson
about the two kinds of knowledge — the first being
when you know a thing itself, the second when you
know where you can find it out." And so, with
these not captious criticisms, we regretfully close
"The Library and the Librarian."
The ,iorv of Judge Ben B\ Lindsey, the "boys'
a ttruggiewith judge" of national fame, has been
evil and minute, contributing to "Everybody's Mag-
azine" a series of chapters describing his fight with
"the Beast" in Denver. The Beast represents in his
narrative all that is corrupt and greedy and brutal
and unscrupulous in public government and in busi-
ness corporations. The whole story is now gathered
into a book entitled "The Beast," and published,
with a frontispiece picture of the author and some of
his boy friends, by Messrs. Doubleday, Page & Co.
Mr. Harvey J. O'Higgins has given efficient aid as
editor, or amanuensis. It will be difficult for any-
one to begin the book without going on to the end.
Judge Lindsey is the father of the Juvenile Court
now known to many large cities, and naturally the
most important chapters of his relation have to do
with his long and at last victorious fight for the rescue
of Denver's boy and girl law-breakers from the
revoltingly corrupt influences of the ordinary jail
and prison. One passage, from the middle of the
book, exposes the root of the evil in Denver's cor-
ruption and misrule. "The rule of the plutocracy in
Denver was the cause of three-quarters of the crime
in Denver. The dependent and delinquent children
who came into my court came almost wholly from
the homes of dependent and delinquent parents who
were made such by the hopeless economic conditions
of their lives; and those conditions were made hope-
less by the remorseless tyranny of wealthy men who
used their lawless power to enslave and brutalize
and kill their workmen." What is most impressive
in these leaves from a life of heroic service is the
evident fact that the writer is not a man to be bought
with however high a price. His moral control of
boys, even of the hardest cases, is also something
admirable. The book is as interesting as it is sorely
needed in this era of plutocratic and governmental
wrong-doing.
a book for Frederic Rowland Marvin's "Ex-
book-iovert, cursions of a Book-lover" (Sherman,
bv one of them. French & Co.) contains a rich store
of exceptionally interesting out-of-the-way book-
lore. The author has read widely and thought
deeply, and his varied experiences as doctor of the
body and also of the soul (he is entitled to the use,
which he foregoes, of both D.D. and M.D. after his
name) give his utterances a certain impressiveness
and his reminiscences a certain human quality that
are beyond the reach of the mere book-worm. Yet
in his very first chapter, on "Books," after prop-
erly stigmatizing the modern daily newspaper as
largely responsible for the neglect of good literature,
he startles us by proceeding to castigate the public
library as "another enemy of good books." Though
thankful for the Bodleian Library at Oxford, the
Emmanuel Library at Cambridge, and the Harvard
University Library, he has no good word for our
Library of Congress, but calls it "that vast dump-
ing ground for thousands upon thousands of copy-
righted books!" However, in his subsequent chapters,
on literary fame, on an old-time bibliophile (Isaac
Gosset), on authors and publishers, on the man of
genius, and on other fruitful themes, he amply
redeems himself. The public library does have the
defect of its qualities, all must admit; and Dr.
Marvin's is no spiteful attack (like Miss Marie
Corelli's quarrel with the library as cutting down
the sale of her books), but a sane and sober expres-
sion of opinion. He quotes aptly from the ancient
classics, even printing one considerable passage
from Marcus Aurelius in the original Greek, and
also draws on the English poets, notably in his
excellent chapter on "The Physician and his "Work."
On an earlier page he incidentally enumerates
seventy-three authors made famous by a single poem
or song — an interesting exhibit, capable, of course,
of considerable extension. The book is a worthy
offering to book-lovers by a book-lover.
The Ruttian With the possible exception of the
Navy in the work of General Kurapatkin's on
Japanese war. «Tne Russian Army and the Japa-
nese War," much the most valuable book which thus
far has appeared from the pen of a participant in the
contest of 1904-05 is "Rasplata," otherwise "The
Reckoning" (Dutton). The author, Commander
Wladimir Semenoff of the Russian Imperial Navy,


1910.]
431
THE
DIAL
was detailed for service in the Far East at the
beginning of 1904, as second-in-command of the
cruiser "Boyarin." On the day of his departure
from St. Petersburg (January 29, 1904) he began
the keeping of a systematic diary, which was con-
tinued until his return, December 19, 1905. The
present volume is written from this diary; and the
author assures us that, while he has had no thought
of writing a history of the war (such a history, he
rightly observes, cannot be written until a multitude
of secret instructions and reports shall have been
made public), he has taken every precaution to attain
unimpeachable accuracy in his work, and thus to
contribute material which shall be of first-rate value
to the future historian. In so far as the claim can
yet be put to the test, it seems well-founded. In
any event, the book is a human document of very
unusual interest. It fairly exudes the Slavic tem-
perament, Slavic ideas, Slavic aspirations. Easily
the most striking portion is the ten chapters recount-
ing the sixteen-thousand-mile voyage of Admiral
Rojestvensky's Baltic Fleet to Oriental waters, at the
end of 1904. In a volume published in advance of
the present one, Captain Semenoff has written of the
memorable fight off Tsushima, May 22 and 28,1905,
in which Rojestvensky's great squadron was totally
destroyed, so that the book ends at a point just
prior to the battle. In a series of remarkably vivid
chapters, however, the author depicts the forlorn
hope which Russia placed in her ill-equipped and
antiquated ships, and arouses in the reader a feeling
of mingled admiration and pity for the heroic men,
officers, and subordinates, who in the face of an
impossible task never once lost their morale, or even
their good humor. The critical historian is likely to
discount more or less the sort of material contained
in the volume, and obviously it cannot be infallible.
But one may expect to get from it more of the real
flavor of the war-epoch than from any of the more
formal histories that may subsequently be written.
linfluencces jn "English Literature in Account
on^noiuh with Religion" (Houghton Mifflin
Literature. Company) Mr. Edward M. Chapman
has attempted to indicate the relation of English
and American literature, mainly of the nineteenth
century, to religion. The germ of the book was
presented in two lectures delivered at Yale in 1906,
entitled, "The Influence of Religion upon English
Literature During the Nineteenth Century." The
book is well written, but can scarcely be said to add
much of value to the growing body of criticism of
Victorian literature. According to Mr. Chapman,
religion has influenced nearly every writer of impor-
tance and a good many of no importance. He takes
an exceedingly broad view of the scope of religion.
It is much as if one were to write on English liter-
ature in account with goodness, or with human
nature; or on existence in account with the cost of
living. Take out of literature all the good qualities
of men, which religion fosters, and all the conflict*
of life, in which religion is somehow sure to be a
factor, and very little is left. In this book religion
is repeatedly confused with theology. But the
author scarcely confines himself even to the large
view of religion that he has here outlined. There
is more or less on literary technique; on humor,
which the author connects with religion as based on
confidence in the constitution of things; and on the
literary movements and tendencies of the century.
The book thus suffers, we think, from too much
scattering of shot If the book was written to
defend the thesis that religion has greatly influenced
literature, it is superfluous; for to deny this would
be absurd. On the other hand, as a sufficiently
intensive treatment of any one author or any one
phase of this great subject, it will hardly do. Mr.
Chapman carefully points out the errors of the Uni-
tarians (pp. 150f., 339), the one group that comes
in for correction; and indulges in his little joke on
Renan's " Vie de Jesus," which he says is "essen-
tially a romance, marked by great literary charm,
and occasional lapses into history." These are
needless blemishes on an otherwise catholic discus-
sion. The book is thoroughly readable, and is
equipped with a good index.
The life o/ Miss I. A. Taylor, to whom we are
a famous already indebted for several useful
Queen. biographies of interesting queens
and princesses, has recently added another volume
to her series, published by the Appletons. This
time the subject is Queen Christina of Sweden.
Christina was the daughter of Gustavus Adolphus,
became queen at the age of six, resigned the crown
at the age of twenty-seven, embraced the Catholic
faith, and spent the remainder of her life — thirty-
five years — in wandering from court to court,
though her chief abiding-place was Rome. These
are well-known facts, as are all the facts of Chris-
tina's life; "her life, from childhood upwards, was
lived in public; she was from first to last a centre
of interest." In writing her biography the questions
to consider are, therefore, scarcely of the historical
sort; they are not problems of data or interpreta-
tion; they are rather of the psychological type,
questions of character and motives. To all these
problems Miss Taylor finds the solution in Chris-
tina's singular character, especially in her supreme
self-confidence which would not permit her for a
moment to doubt the validity of her own conclusions
or the expediency of her plans and purposes. This
faith in self is particularly apparent in her punish-
ment of Monaldesco, an officer of her household
who proved a traitor. Christina condemned him
to death, and the sentence was actually carried out,
to the great disgust of the French king whose guest
she was. In spite of her abdication, she considered
herself an absolute monarch, and refused to be
bound by the laws of the land where she was in
temporary residence. Her abdication the author
attributes to a variety of motives, but especially to
a longing for a larger liberty than was possible at
a provincial court where conventions met her at


432
[June 16,
THE DIAL
every turn. The Queen's later efforts to obtain the
crowns of Naples and Poland, the author does not
regard with much seriousness: the excitement of
the canvas and the negotiations brought diversion
and pleasure; failure was accepted without apparent
regret In her attitude toward her subject, Miss
Taylor is almost an ideal biographer: she is sympa-
thetic but not excessively so; she appreciates Chris-
tina's strong and brilliant qualities, but makes no
attempt to defend or excuse her eccentric and almost
lawless behavior. Miss Taylor closes her study of
this apparently masculine woman with the startling
conclusion that she was, after all, simply suffering
from an exaggeration of feminine qualities. "The
fact remains that in gifts, virtues, deficiencies,
faults, and failings, she was essentially feminine,
and never more so than when she masqueraded as
a man.";
Mr. F. A. Simpson's study of "The
"ofhi, I'ncU" Rise of Louis Napoleon " (Putnam)
is a book that is worth while, for the
reason, if for no other, that there is literally nothing
in English which covers the same ground. But it
has other claims to favor. Few more readable biog-
raphies have ever been published. From the pre-
fatory suggestion that his subject would have been
the ideal pretender if he had only abstained from
succeeding in his pretensions, to the thrust at Bis-
marck in the concluding sentence of the volume,
"But while the dreamer gazed on far horizons he
stumbled over more than one of the obstacles at his
feet, and at last fell headlong, tripped by an antag-
onist who never lifted his eyes from the ground,"
the reader is charmed by an eloquence that is in no
wise inconsistent with sober and accurate presenta-
tion of fact. A quotation which supplements the
prefatory estimate mentioned above may be given as
completing a striking picture of Louis's character:
"The very qualities which have made him seem a
prince among pretenders will hereafter (i. e., after
he assumes charge of the government) stamp him
as a pretender among princes." The narrative ends
with his election to the Presidency of the French
Republic. An appendix contains a number of sug-
gestive passages from his early letters, with a bibli-
ography and an exhaustive index. Unpublished
sources of information appear below the text, while
all references to published data are included in the
bibliography. The volume is generously illustrated
with photographs and facsimiles from Napoleon's
correspondence.
BRIEFER MENTION.
"Around the World with a Business Man," by Mr.
Leander A. Bigger, is a work iu four handsome volumes,
with something iike two hundred full-page illustrations.
It is published by the John C. Winston Co. The author
states that his text has "been compiled from letters
written to friends at home." He puts it forth with be-
coming modesty, and claims no attempt "at eloquence)
wit, or literary excellence." We presume that it will
find readers, just as the Stoddard and Holmes lec tures
in book-form found readers, and that it will stir in many
a humble soul yearnings to go forth and see the things
pictured or described.
A new edition of Mill's "Principles of Political
Economy" is edited by Professor W. J. Ashley, and
published by Messrs. Longmans, Green, & Co. The
editor supplies an elaborate introduction and a highly
useful bibliographical appendix. If our "new " econ-
omists would really read and digest their Mill, we
should be spared many of the vagaries that now intrude
upon our attention and make our study of the subject
unprofitable.
"Routledge's Every Man's Cyclopsedia" (Dutton),
edited by Mr. Arnold Villiers, is an inexpensive volume,
moderate as to dimensions, and a veritable midtum in
parvo as to contents. It includes ten sections, of
which the more important are dictionaries of biography,
geography, law, synonyms, abbreviations, and "words
frequently misspelt." There are also " Historical Allu-
sions," "Battles and Sieges," and other matters. On
the whole, the book is a useful compendium.
"Skies Italian" (London: Methuen) is described as
"a little breviary for travellers iu Italy." Less figura-
tively, it is a selection of poems about Italy, by English
and American authors, edited by Miss Ruth Shepard
Phelps. There are about two hundred selectious, so
arranged as to follow the lines of an imaginary journey
from the Alps to Naples. The tourist who includes
this little book in his travelling equipment will make no
mistake, or begrudge the few ounces of extra luggage.
Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co. publish "The New Inter-
national Year Book" for 1909, edited, like the two
preceding volumes, by Messrs. Frank Moore Colby and
Allen I .con Churchill. The articles in English, French,
and German literature are written, respectively, by Dr.
E. E. Slosson, Dr. Albert Schinz, and Frau Amelia von
Ende. We might particularize further and at great
length upon other special features of this invaluable
work of up-to-date reference. It is an enterprise deserv-
ing of the most cordial welcome and generous support.
The handsome new " Memorial Edition " of Meredith,
published by Messrs. Scribner, is making rapid progress.
During the past few weeks eight volumes have appeared,
containing " Saudra Belloni," " Vittoria," " Harry Rich-
mond," "Rhoda Fleming," and "Evan Harrington."
Each of the first three titles mentioned comprises two
volumes. Of especial interest are the illustrations,
consisting of reproductions in photogravure of portraits
and homes of the author, sceues associated with the
novels, and in some cases the drawings by Keene and
Du Maurier which appeared in the first editions.
"Oxford" editions of the poets are multiplying
rapidly of late, thanks to the enterprise of Mr. Henry
Frowde. The latest volumes are "The Complete
Works of William Shakespeare," edited by Mr. W. J.
Craig, a volume of over thirteen hundred two-columned
pages; "The Poetical Works of William Wordsworth,"
edited by Mr. Thomas Hutchinson; "The Poetical
Works of Sir Walter Scott," edited by Mr. J. Logie
Robertson; and "The Poetical Works of Lord Byron,"
editorially unacknowledged. In the smaller form of
"The World's Classics," we have "The Poems of
Alfred Lord Tennyson, 1830-1865," edited by Dr. F.
Herbert Warren —a most poo ke table volume.


1910.]
433
THE DIAL
Notes.
A new " Uncle William " book by Mrs. Jennette Lee
is announced by The Century Co. It will be called
"Happy Island," and will appear early this month.
Browning's "Men and Women," in a verbatim
reprint of the original edition of 1855, is one of the
latest offerings of Mr. Henry Frowde in his tasteful
series of Oxford reprints.
At the suggestion of Professor Trent, Dr. Barnett
Miller of Columbia University undertook, about five
years ago, to investigate " Leigh Hunt's Relations with
Byron, Shelley, and Keats." The resulting monograph,
a work of much interest and value, is now published at
the Columbia University Press.
Owing to the death of King Edward, it is announced
by Messrs. Cassell & Company that the new and revised
edition of their Dictionary of English History, just off
the press, will be temporarily withdrawn from the
market. The publishers plan to bring the new edition
quite up to the accession of King George.
Messrs. Longmans, Green, & Co. publish four port-
folios of plates illustrative of " England in the Middle
Ages." They are the work of Mr. T. C. Barfield, and
cover the four centuries from the eleventh to the four-
teenth. They are inexpensive, and should prove of
much value as an auxiliary in the work of teaching
English history.
From the George H. Doran Co. conies the announce-
ment of their acquisition of the exclusive selling agency
for the book and calendar output of Life Publishing Co.
As still further indication of their progress, this enter-
prising firm also announces the unification of their
interests with the publishing business of Messrs. A. C.
Armstrong & Son of New York.
During the present month Mr. Cobden-Sanderson
will issue from the Doves Press the second part of his
splendid edition of Goethe's "Faust," in the original
text. Before the end of the year, Mr. Cobden-Sanderson
expects to have ready also Doves Press editions of
Browning's "Dramatis Personte," and the "Laudes
Creaturarum " of St. Francis of Assisi.
Mr. Arnold Bennett's new long novel "Clayhanger,"
soon to be published by Messrs. J5. P. Dutton & Co., is
the first of a trilogy of novels dealing with the " Five
Towns." In "The Old Wives' Tale," Mr. Bennett
described the old spirit of the central provinces of
England. In this forthcoming trilogy he will describe
the breakdown of the old spirit by the new.
Ex-Mayor Charles F. Warwick of Philadelphia has
just completed the biography of Napoleon upon which
he has been at work for some years, and which is to
be brought out in the Fall by Messrs. George W.
Jacobs & Co. It is a sequel to the same author's
volumes on Mirabeau, Danton, and Robespierre, and
will deal with the close of the French Revolution and
the First Empire.
Almost coincident with the recent publication of
Percy Mackaye's "A Garland to Sylvia" — a play
begun while its author was a senior in Harvard College
and not completed until 1899 — comes the announce-
ment of the enthusiastic reception accorded to his latest
work " Anti-Matrimony," a satire on the Ibsen school of
drama which was produced a few weeks ago in New
Haven. The press has been unanimous in its praise,
one of the papers declaring that "the play is a com-
pliment to Americans on their healthy-mindedness."
Under the editorship of Professor Clarence W. Al vord
of the University of Illinois, Messrs. D. Appleton &
Co. have planned a series of volumes intended to nar-
rate the history of the development of the West, told
in biography. Each book will be written from a care-
ful study of available and original sources. Among the
subjects of the volumes in preparation are George
Rogers Clark, William Henry Harrison, John Charles
Fremont, and Charles Michel de Langlade.
A complete collection of the poems of the late Sophie
Jewett will be published in the autumn by Messrs.
Thomas Y. Crowell & Company. The volume will
include the lyrics, sonnets, and rondeaus which have
already appeared in book form; those published more
recently in different magazines; and a number of
hitherto unpublished poems. Among these latter is a
translation of the greater part of D'Annunzio's "The
Daughter of Jorio." The same firm is to publish
immediately Miss Jewett's last prose work, "God's
Troubadour," the story of St. Francis of Assisi told for
children.
We have had proof of the quality of Mr. Jethro
Bittell as a translator of German verse in his volume
devoted to the Minnesingers, and hence are assured
beforehand that his " Contemporary German Poetry"
will give us versions of a superior sort. He appears to
be one of the chosen in the art of turning poetry from
one language into another. We do not know many of
the young writers upon whom he has drawn, but he
makes us desire their better acquaintance. The little
book is published by Mr. Walter Scott as a volume of
« The Canterbury Poets."
A complete edition of William Penn's works, long
desired by those interested in the life and work of the
founder of Pennsylvania, has been undertaken by that
well-known historian of the Colonial and Revolutionary
periods, Mr. Albert Cook Myers, with the cordial
cooperation of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania
as represented by a committee headed by the Hon.
Samuel W. Pennypacker as president, and served by
Professor John Bach McMaster in the capacity of cor-
responding secretary. A prospectus issued by Mr.
Myers gives, among other interesting information, the
fact that "only four meagre and antiquated editions of
the collected works of Penn have been printed, all of
these in London," at varying intervals between 1726
and 1825. The proposed plan has the hearty endorse-
ment of Dr. Horace Howard Furness, Dr. S. Weir
Mitchell, Professor Albert Bushnell Hart, and many
other scholars and writers of note.
Messrs. D. Appleton & Co. announce the preparation
of "The American Year Book," the first volume of
which, covering the year 1910, will appear in February,
1911. The aim of the series is to fill the need of an
annual summary of events and progress — a need which
has been felt for some years by scientific, historical,
literary, sociological, economic, journalistic, and other
workers. While it will be devoted chiefly to American
affairs, the most important events of foreign progress
will be fully noted. The organization at present consists
of accredited representatives or members of twenty-
nine of the great national learned societies, who act as
a Supervisory Board, working through an Executive
Committee of seven, and through the Chairman of the
Board, Professor Albert Bushnell Hart of Harvard
University. The Board has selected as managing editor
Mr. S. N. D. North, recently Director of the United
States Census.


434
[June 16,
THE DIAL
List of New Books.
[The. following list, containing 108 titles, includes books
received by Thb Dial since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Recollections of a Long Life. Br Lord Broughton (John
Cam Hobhouse). With additional extracts from his private
diaries. Edited by his daughter, Lady Dorchester. Volumes
III. and IV.. 1822-1834. Illustrated in photogravure, etc..
large 8vo. Charles Scribner's Sons. 16. net.
The Fascinating Duo de Richelieu: Louis Francois Annand
dnPlessis (1696-1788). By H. Noel Williams. Illustrated in
photogravure, etc., large 8vo, 346 pages. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $4. net.
Oeorge Sand: Some Aspects of her Life and Work. By Rene
Doumic; translated by Alys Hallard. Illustrated, 8vo.
311 pages. O. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.75 net.
The Passions of the French Romantics. By Francis dribble.
With portraits, large 8vo, 304 pages. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $3.75 net.
Sterne: A Study. By Walter Sichel. With portraits, large
8vo. 360 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $2.60 net.
The Empress Eugenie, 1870-1910: Her Majesty's Life Since
"The Terrible Year." By Edward Legge. Illustrated,
large 8vo, 409 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2, net.
A German Pompadour: The Extraordinary History of Wil-
helmine Von Graven it z. Landhofmeisterin of Wirtemberg:
A Narrative of the Eighteenth Century. By Marie Hay.
Large 8vo, 868 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. (1.50 net.
Oeorge Meek: Bath Chair-Man. By himself; with introduc-
tion by H. G. Wells. 12mo, 812 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co.
Institutional History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Cen-
tury: An Inquiry into the Religious, Moral, Educational,
Legal, Military, and Political Condition of the People. By
Philip Alexander Bruce. LL.D. In 2 volumes, large 8vo.
Q. P. Putnam's Sons. $6. net.
The English Voyages of the Sixteenth Century. By
Walter Raleigh. With frontispiece in photogravure. 12mo.
207 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
Daniel Boone and the Wilderness Road. By H. Addington
Bruce. Illustrated, 8vo. 349 pages. "Stories from American
History." Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
The Story of the Constitution of the United States. By
Rossiter Johnson. New edition: 12mo, 284 pages. Wessels
St Bissell Co. $1. net.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Landmarks In Russian Literature. By Maurice Baring.
12mo, 299 pages. Macmillan Co. tl.76 net.
The New Laokoon: An Essay on the Confusion of the Arts.
By Irving Babbitt. 12mo, 259 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
$1.25 net.
Leigh Hunt's Relations with Byron, Shelley, and Keats.
By Barnette Miller, Ph.D. Large 8vo, 169 pages. Macmil-
lan Co. $1.25 net.
Folk Stories from Southern Nigeria, West Africa. By
Elphinstone Dayrell. F.R.G.S; with introduction by Andrew
Lang. With frontispiece. 12mo, 159 pages. Longmans,
Green, & Co. $1.50 net.
Dead Letters. By Maurice Baring. 12mo. 243 pages. Houghton
Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
Modern Woman and How to Manage Her. By Walter M.
Gallichan. 12mo, 120 pages. John Lane Co. $1.50 net.
The Teachers of Emerson. By John S. Harrison, Ph.D. 12mo,
325 pages. Sturgis & Walton Co. $1.50 net.
Confessions of Boyhood. By Jobn Albee. 12mo, 267 pages.
Richard G. Badger. $1.50.
Dogs and Men. By Henry C. Merwin. Illustrated, 12mo,
58 pages. Hougbton Mifflin Co. 60 cts. net.
DRAMA AND VERSE.
A Garland to Sylvia: A Dramatic Reverie, with a Prologue.
By Percy Mackaye. 12mo, 175 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
Will Shakespeare of Stratford and London: A Drama in
Four Acts. By Margaret Crosby Munn. 12mo, 347 pages.
Dodd, Mead Sl Co. $1.20 net.
Shakespeare's Merry Wives of Windsor, 1602. Edited by
W.W.Greg. New edition; 12mo, 100 pages. "Tudor and
Stuart Library." Oxford University Press. $1.75 net.
Children of Destiny: A Play in Four Acts. By Sydney Ros-
enfeld. 12mo, 127 pages. G. W. Dillingham Co. 50 cts. net.
Virginia: A Tragedy, and Other Poems. By Marion Forster
Gilmore. 12mo, 79 pages. Louisville, Ky.: John P. Morton
& Co.
Pan's Pipes. By Robert Louis Stevenson. Limited edition:
16mo. 16 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
The Iron Muse. By John Curtis Underwood. 12mo. 196 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25 net.
The Garden Muse: Poems for Garden Lovers. Edited, with
introduction, by William Aspenwall Bradley. With frontis-
piece. 12mo, 169 pages. Sturgis & Walton Co. $1.25 net.
A Vision of Oiorglone: Three Variations on Venetian
Themes. By Gordon Bottomley. 12mo, 46 pages. Thomas
B. Mosher. $1.50 net.
Sonnets for Choice. By Margaret Cbanler Aldrich. l2mo.
52 pages. Moffat, Yard & Co. $1. net.
Women's Eyes. Translated by Arthur William Ryder. 16mo,
100 pages. San Francisco: A. M.Robertson. $1. net.
Poems of Alfred Lord Tennyson, 1830-1865. With introduc-
tion by T. Herbert Warren. New edition: 16mo. 600 pages.
"The World's Classics." Oxford University Press.
Poets on the Isls, and Other Perversions. By Wilfrid Blair.
12mo. 93 pages. Oxford: B. H. Black well.
Selected Poems from the Harvard Monthly. 1885-1910. Large
8vo. 78 pages. Cambridge, Mass.: Graduate Council of the
Harvard Monthly, Paper.
Poems. By Ernest Powell. 12mo. 117 pages. Richard G.
Badger. $1.25.
The Comet, and Other Verses. By Irving Sidney Dix. 16mo.
32 pages. Carbondale. Pa.: Press of Munn's Review. Paper.
In Memory of Whittier. By John Russell Hayes. Illustrated,
16mo, 46 pages. Philadelphia: Biddle Press. 50 cts.
FICTION.
Simon the Jester. By William J. Locke. Illustrated. 12mo,
332 pages. John Lane Co. $1.50.
Whirlpools: A Novel of Modern Poland. By Henryk Sienkie-
wicz; translated by Max A. Drezmal. 12mo, 390 pages.
Little, Brown. & Co. $1.50.
The Way of All Flesh. By Samuel Butler. 12mo, 420 pages.
E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50 net.
The Wild Olive. By the author of " The Inner Shrine." Illus-
trated, 12mo, 347 pages. Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
The Flower of Destiny : Old Days of the Serail. By Margaret
Mordecai. 12mo, 339 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50 net.
Anne of Treboul. By Marie Louise Goetchius. 12mo, 296
pages. Century Co. $1.20 net.
Caprice: Her Book. By Dorothy Senior. 8vo. 328 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
Arms and the Maid; or, Anthony Wilding. By Rafael
Sabatini. 12mo, 367 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25 net.
The Silent Call. By Edwin Milton Royle. Illustrated. 12mo.
392 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50. .
A Splendid Hazard. By Harold MacGrath. Illustrated in
color. 12mo. 370 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.50.
The Pursuit. By Frank Savile. Illustrated, 12mo, 317 pages.
Little. Brown. St, Co. $1.50.
Blitz of Headquarters. By Marcin Barber. 12mo. 394 pages.
Moffat. Yard & Co. $1.60.
At the Sign of the Burning Bush. By M. Little. l2mo.
343 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.60.
The Eddy. By Clarence L. Cullen. Illustrated in color, etc..
12mo, 352 pages. G. W. Dillingham Co. $1.50.
The Storm Birds. By Schroeder Davis. 12mo, 376 pages.
Moffat, Yard Si Co. $1.50.
Tinsel and Oold. By Dion Clayton Calthrop. Illustrated,
12mo. 351 pages. G. W. Dillingham Co. $1.50.
The Land of Frozen Suns. By Bert ran d W. Sinclair. Illus-
trated. 12m... 809 pages. G. W. Dillingham Co. $1.60.
The Garden at 19. By Edgar Jepson. Illustrated, 12mo,
229 pages. WesselB & Bissell Co. $1.20 net.
The Happy Family. By B. M. Bower. With frontispiece in
color. 12mo. 330 pages. Q. W. Dillingham Co. $1.25.
The Unseen Thing. By Anthony Dyllington. l2mo, 362 pages.
John W. Luce & Co. $1.20 net.
The Bed Flag. By Georges Ohnet. 12mo, 317 pages. G. W.
Dillingham Co. $1.50.
A Victorious Life. By Leonora B. Halsted. 12mo. 320 pages.
Metropolitan Press. $1.60.
John Holden, Unionist: A Romance of the Days of Forrest's
Ride with Emma Sanson. By T. C. De Leon. Illustrated.
12mo, 338 pages. G. W. Dillingham Co. $1.50.
The Winning Game. By Madge Macbeth. 12mo, 242 pages
New York: Broadway Publishing Co.


1910.]
435
THE DIAL
In Old Kentuoky : A Story of the Bluegrass and the Moan-
tains Founded on Charles T. Dazey's Play. By Edward
Marshall and Charles T. Dazey. Illustrated, 12mo, 851 pages.
G. W. Dillingham Co. $1.50.
The Humming Bird. By Owen Johnson. Illustrated, 16mo,
86 pages. Baker & Taylor Co. 50 cts.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
The Russian Road to China. By Lindon Bates, Jr. Illus-
trated, large 8to, 391 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $3. net.
Prehistoric Rhodesia: An Examination of the Historical,
Ethnological, and Archaeological Evidences as to the Origin
and Age of the Rock Mines and Stone Buildings. By R. N.
Hall. Illustrated, large 8vo, 488 pages. George W. Jacobs
& Co. $8.50 net.
Camp and Camino in Lower California: A Record of the
Adventures of the Author while Exploring Peninsular Cali-
fornia, Mexico. By Arthur Walbridge North; with intro-
duction by Admiral Robley D.Evans. Illustrated, large8vo,
346 pages. Baker & Taylor Co. $3. net.
China as I Saw It. By A. S. Roe. Illustrated, 8vo, 331 pages.
Macmillan Co. $3. net.
The Channel Islands of California: A Book for the Angler,
Sportsman, and Tourist. By Charles Frederick Holder.
Illustrated, 8vo, 397 rages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $2. net.
Aocidents of an Antiquary's Life. By D. G. Hogarth. Illus-
trated, large 8vo, 176 pages. Macmillan Co. $2.50 net.
Around the World with a Business Man. By Leander A.
Bigger. In 4 volumes, illustrated in color, etc., 8vo. John
C. Winston Co. $12. net.
Changing China. By Rev. Lord William Gascoyne-Cecil and
Lady Florence Cecil. Illustrated, large 8vo, 342 pages.
D. Appleton & Co.
Roman Cities in Italy and Dalmatia. By A. L. Frothing-
ham, Ph.D. Illustrated, 8vo, 843 pages. Sturgis & Walton
Co. 11.75 net.
Germany of the Germans. By Robert M. Berry. With port-
rait, 12mo. 278 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50 net.
Lift-Lack on Southern Roads. By Tickner Edward as.
Illustrated. 12mo. 801 pages. Macmillan Co. 11.50 net.
Oberamergau. By Josephine Helena Short. Illustrated. 12mo,
96 pages. Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. $1. net.
Southern Germany, (Wurtemberg and Bavaria): Handbook
for Travellers. By Karl Baedeker. Eleventh edition; with
maps and plans, 16mo, 364 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons.
$1.80 net.
PUBLIC AFFAIRS.
The Health of the City. By Hollis Godfrey. 12mo. 358 pages.
Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
The Humane Movement: A Descriptive Survey. By Roswell
C. McCrea. 8vo, 444 pages. Macmillan Co. $2. net.
The Rural Life Problem of the United States: Notes of an
Irish Observer. By Sir Horace Plunkett. 12mo, 174 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
Greeoe in Evolution: Studies Prepared under the Auspices
of the French League for the Defence of the Rights of
Hellenism. By Th. Homolle, Henry Houssaye, and others;
edited by G. F. Abbott; translated by Hon. Sir Charles W.
Dilke. 8vo, 810 pages. Wessels & Bissell. $1.50 net.
Types from City Streets. By Hutchins Hapgood. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 878 pages. Funk A Wagnails Co. $1.50 net.
Education and Citizenship in India. By Leonard Alston.
12mo, 222 pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.25 net.
The Dethronement of the City Boss: A Study of the Com-
mission Plan as Begun in Galveston. By John J. Hamilton.
12mo, 285 pages. Funk & Wagnalls Co. $1.20 net.
Problems of Tour Generation. By Daisy Dewey. 12mo.
104 pages. New York: Arden Press. $1. net.
Significance of the Woman Suffrage Movement. Large
8vo, 85 pages. Philadelphia: American Academy of Poli-
tical and Social Science. Paper.
The Rescue of Cuba: An Epoch in the Growth of Free Gov-
ernment. By Andrew S. Draper, LL.D. Illustrated, 12mo,
285 pages. Silver, Burdett & Co.
PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY.
Life as Reality: A Philosophical Essay. By Arthur Stone
Dewing. l2mo, 214 pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.25 net.
The Psychology of Reasoning. By W. B. Pillsbury. Ph.D.
12mo, 306 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50 net.
Marous Aurellus, and the Later Stoics. By F. W. Bussell,
D. D. l2mo, 802 pages. "World's Epoch-Makers." Charles
Scribner's Sons. $1.25 net.
Makers of Sorrow, and Makers of Joy. By Dora Melegari:
translated by Marian Lindsay. New edition; 12mo, 259
pages. Funk & Wagnalls Co. $1.25 net.
RELIGION.
Charms of the Bible: A Fresh Appraisement. By Jessie
Bowman Young. 12mo. 251 pages. Jennings & Graham.
$1. net.
The Year of Graoe: Trinity to Advent. By George Hodges.
12mo, 299 pages. New York: Thomas Whittaker. $1.25 net.
The Living Universe. By Henry Truro Bray. 12mo, 428 pages.
Chicago: Truro Publishing Co.
NATURE.
A White Paper Garden. By Sara Andrew Shafer. Illus-
trated in color, etc., large 8vo, 292 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co.
$2.50 net.
Our Garden Flowers: A Popular Study of their Native
Lands, their Life Histories, and their Structural Affili-
ations. By Harriet L. Keeler. Illustrated, 12mo, 550 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $2. net.
Book and Water Gardens: Their Making and Planting: with
Chapters on Wall and Heath Gardening. By F. W. Meyer;
edited by E. T. Cook. Illustrated, large 8vo, 227 pages.
"Country Life" Library. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2. net.
Fruit Growing in Arid Regions: An Account of Approved
Frult-Growing Practices in the Inter-Mountain Country of
the Western United States. By Wendell Paddock and
Orville B. Whipple. Illustrated, 12mo, 395 pages. Macmil-
lan Co. $1.50 net.
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
TaleB from Shakespeare. By Charles and Mary Lamb. New
edition; illustrated in color, etc., by George Soper; 8vo,
323 pages. Baker & Taylor Co. $1.50.
The Water Babies. By Charles Kingsler. New edition;
illustrated in color, etc., by George Soper; 8vo, 259 pages
Baker & Taylor Co. $1.50.
Phillppa at Haloyon. By Katherine Holland Brown. With
frontispiece, 12mo, 422 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50
The Prince and his Ants. By Vamba; translated by S. F
Woodruff; edited by Vernon L. Kellogg. Fourth edition;
illustrated in color, etc., 12mo, 275 pages. Henry Holt & Co.
$1.35 net.
The Story of Bayard. Edited by Amy G. Andrews. Iilus
trated, 12mo. 162 pages. John Lane Co. $1.50 net.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Instruments of the Modern Orchestra, and Early
Records of the Precursors of the Violin Family. By Kathleen
Schlesinger. In 2 volumes, illustrated, large 8vo. Charles
Scribner's Sons. $6. net.
The A B O of Collecting Old English Pottery. By J. F.
Blacker. Illustrated, 8vo, 342 pages. George W. Jacobs &
Co. $2. net.
The Science of Happiness. By Henry Smith Williams. M.D.
Large 8vo, 350 pages. Harper & Brothers. $2. net.
Education in Sexual Physiology and Hygiene: A Physi-
cian's Message. By Philip Zenner. 16mo, 126 pages. Cin-
cinnati: Robert Clarke Co. $1. net.
Camp Cookery. By Horace Kephart. Illustrated, 12mo, 154
pages. Outing Publishing Co. $1. net.
A UTHORS AIDED BY EXPERT. JUDICIOUS CRITICISM,
™ intelligent revision of manuscripts, correct preparation for
the press, and neat and accurate typewriting. Special attention
to Dramatic work and novels. Book and shorter manuscripts
placed. Address C. A. Huling, Director, The Progress Literary
Bureau, 210 Monroe Street, Chicago.
RDOIf Rl lYFR^ .an^ atu<lents -wishing to receive
DuUNOU I Cl interesting catalogues of second-
hand books should send a card to H. HEFFER & SONS,
Ltd., Booksellers, Cambridge, Eng. 100,000 volumes in stock.
IDYLLS OF GREECE T™l�SX°
AN EXQUISITE DESMOND FITZGERALD, INC.
GIFT BOOK 166 Fifth Avenue, New York
MANUSCRIPTS TYPEWRITTEN
STANDARD RATES
Novels, stories, plays, essays carefully typed. Two-color effects
a specialty: useful for text books.
N. E. WEEKS, 5614 Drexel Avenue, Chicago.


436
[June 16,
THE
DIAL.
The Home Poetry Book
We have all been
wanting so long

GOLDEN POEMS
Edited by
FRANCIS F. BROWNE
Editor " Poems of the Civil War," " Laurel Crowned
Verse," etc.; author " Everyday Life of Lincoln," ete.
GOLDEN POEMS contains more of everyone's favor-
ites than any other collection at a popular price, and
has besides the very best of the many fine poems that
have been written in the last few years.
Other collections may contain more poems of one
kind or more by one author.
GOLDEN POEMS (by British and American authors)
has 650 selections from S00 writers, covering the whole
range of English literature.
GOLDEN POEMS is a fireside volume for the thou-
sands of families who love poetry. It is meant for
those who cannot afford all the collected works of their
favorite poets — it offers the poems they like best, all
in one volume.
The selections in GOLDEN POEMS are classified
according to their subjects: By the Fireside; Nature's
Voice's; Dreams and Fancies; Friendship and Sym-
pathy; Love; Liberty and Patriotism; Battle Echoes;
Humor; Pathos and Sorrow; The Better Life; Scat-
tered Leaves.
GOLDEN POEMS, with its wide appeal, attractively
printed and beautifully bound, makes an especially
appropriate gift.
In two styles binding, ornamental cloth, and
flexible leather. Sent on receipt of price,
$1.50
BROWNE'S BOOKSTORE
203 MICHIGAN AVENUE, CHICAGO
The One Indispensable
Medium for Publishers
of Worthy Books
HTHIRTY years of continuous publi-
cation under the same management
speak for The Dial's stability and
success. It is preeminently a book
journal, published solely in the inter-
ests of the book class,—the literary
and cultivated class, the class that buy
books. It is issued from the second
largest city in the country,—the centre
of the immense book-consuming region
of the Middle West.
'"pHE DIAL is more generally con-
sulted and depended upon by
librarians in making up orders for
books than any other American critical
journal; it circulates more widely
among retail booksellers than any
other journal of its class; it is the
accustomed literary guide and aid of
thousands of private book-buyers,
covering every section of the country.
•yHESE facts make The Dial indis-
putably the foremost medium for
high-grade advertising, — the one
indispensable medium for the publisher
of worthy books.


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