their literary work well,
and the book makes capital reading, — much better,
we fancy, than is usually found in the journals of
presentday missionaries. Pleasant pictures of our
own Western land as it appeared nearly three-score
years ago, descriptions of the wild fastnesses of
British Columbia and of the customs of the unspoilt
Sandwich Islanders, and lucid expositions of the state
of China when the door was only beginning to swing
on its international hinges, are some of the distinctive
features of the book. However austere the present
Bishop of Norwich may be, — and one detects a bit
of this quality in his extended preface dealing with
the Established Church,—he certainly was not with-
out genial humor and breadth of spirit when in bis
earlier days. Probably the most interesting incident
in the book is that in which the author, on the invite-
invitation of Brigham Young, preached in the great
Mormon Tabernacle at Salt Lake City. The scene


1909.]
239
THE
DIAL
is thus described: "Next Sunday the Tabernacle
was the scene of a singular spectacle. Never before
or since has an Anglican priest preached to the
Assembly of Mormons; never, perhaps, in the his-
tory of the church has one of her ministers testified
before a community of heretics. Before him were
3000 people, all men, heads of families, mainly from
his own country, 'mostly earnest and fanatical,
swallowing eagerly the wildest stories and most
extravagant doctrines, whatever is put before them
by the Prophet and his crew.' Behind him on the
platform sat the apostles and elders. The President's
chair was empty, but as the preacher began to speak
he was aware of someone moving near him, and saw
Brigham Young himself on his knees, pushing a
cushion toward his feet, having remembered the
custom to use one for kneeling." John of Norwich
was doubtless great in spiritual strength in those
days, and even in his great age his strength has
apparently not diminished. His book testifies that
he learned the world at first hand, digested his
knowledge with gusto and fervor, and that he was
able to keep a lively journal which vividly recalls
for us the stirring events of his active life.
Three years and a half ago, when
ZthZndiu. Macedonia was having those lively
times that formed a part of the pre-
liminaries to much more recent and more momentous
events in Turkish history, Mr. Albert Sonnichsen,
scenting blood and gunpowder from afar, made his
way into the very heart of the turbulent district, and,
donning bandit costume, enjoyed for eight months
the intimate acquaintance and comradeship of out-
laws. "Confessions of a Macedonian Bandit" is
the title he now gives to the story of his rough-and-
tumble experience, and as a picture of people and
conditions unfamiliar to most readers the book has
decided merits. Those who remember the author's
"Ten Months a Captive among Filipinos " will find
the same readable style in this later narrative,
together with more of the pulse-quickening, hair-
raising element of dangerous adventure and narrow
escape. From the last chapter, which contains the
bandit's own story of the memorable capture of Miss
Stone, we quote the following indignant outburst
from Hristo Tchernopeef, " the bad man," chief of
the kidnapping party: "What greasy hypocrites
they are, the smug diplomats and editors and the
clergy, with their hanging jowls and rotund bellies!
Yes, brigands we are. They allow our women and
small babies to be outraged and slaughtered, and
when we ask them for help, only to stop it, in the
name of Christ, they give us soft, lying words. And
then, when we give one of their women a few months'
worry and discomfort, which we more than share
with her, only to give us the means to save a million
women from death, or worse, we are brigands." As
a view of brigandage from the inside, Mr. Sonnich-
sen's story has elements of novelty and of human
interest. The pictures, from photographs taken
chiefly by himself, one infers, are many and good.
A lack is felt in the absence of any preliminary or
supplementary chapter to acquaint the forgetful or
ignorant reader with the political conditions bearing
on the narrative, and to explain more clearly how
and with what ostensible purpose the writer gained
so speedy access to the companionship and confidence
of the brigand chiefs. Finally, either a glossary
defining the local terms used, or a condescending
willingness to use English equivalents, would have
been appreciated by the plain reader. The book is
published by Messrs. Duffield & Co.
Speculations Professor Svante Arrhenius, Director
on the We of of the Nobel Institute in Stockholm,
the Univerte. jg perhaps the foremost theorizer of
the present day in the domain of the evolution of
the universe. His latest work, translated into En-
glish by Dr. H. Borns, with the title, "The Life of
the Universe" (Harper), is comprised in two coat-
pocket volumes, and gives a succinct account of
cosmogonic speculations from the earliest ages to
the present time. The 124 pages of Volume I.
treat of the ideas on the origin of the universe which
were held by primitive peoples, by ancient civilized
nations, by early philosophers (chiefly Grecian),
and finally by the group of more modern thinkers
up to and including the contemporaries of Newton.
All this is told in an interesting way, though
crowded with details. The second volume opens
with a brief sketch of the theorizing from Newton
to Laplace. This period is especially characterized
by the subjection of cosmogonic theories to mathe-
matical tests. While the well-known Laplacian
hypothesis of the nebular evolution of our own sys-
tem, and (by inference) of other systems, was estab-
lishing itself to the exclusion of former notions, the
science of physics was making wonderful strides.
The revelations of the spectroscope, the discoveries
of radioactivity and of the radiation pressure of
light, — indeed, a mass of modern research in the
atomistic domain where physics, chemistry, and
biology meet on common ground, — have led to
very considerable modifications of former cosmo-
gonic speculations. To these modifications Dr. Arr-
henius devotes the bulk of his second volume. Such
topics as the maintenance of solar radiation, the
results of collisions of cosmic bodies, and the origin
of life on the Earth, are sketchily treated. Finally,
the author defends himself from the charge that
such philosophizing has no practical value, by
asserting that the progress of science tends ever to
the elevation of humanity and the spread of the
principles of universal brotherhood.
a ,„M„ When Dr. Samuel McChord Crothers
Appreciation . _ „ , M
of a genial writes about Dr. Oliver Wendell
humorut. Holmes, he is pretty sure to be worth
reading—even better reading for some of us than
Mr. Gilbert Chesterton on Mr. Bernard Shaw. Dr.
Crothers's " Atlantic " article on "The Autocrat and
his Fellow-Boarders," with the addition of eleven
"selected poems" (including, of course, the "One-


240
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
H088 Shay," "The Height of the Ridiculous," and
"The Chambered Nautilus"), and a frontispiece
portrait of the poet-essayist, forms a neat little volume
(Houghton), convenient for the pocket, the hand,
and the eyes. It takes a thief to catch a thief, and
it takes a gentle humorist like Dr. Crothers to seize
upon and set luminously before us the distinctive
traits and qualities of that earlier master of gentle
humor, the ever-delightful Autocrat. Here is one
way in which, near the end of his essay, the author
characterizes Dr. Holmes's mind: "Dr. Holmes
perfected the small stereoscope for hand use. The
invention was typical of the quality of his own mind.
The stereoscope is 'an optical instrument for repre-
senting in apparent relief and solidity all natural
objects by uniting into one image two representa-
tions of these objects as seen by each eye separately.'
The ordinary prosaic statement of fact presents a
flat surface. The object of thought does not stand
out from its own background. We look through
the eyes of Dr. Holmes and we have a stereoscopic
view. . . . The stereoscopic mind makes an abstract
idea seem real." One further quotation: after
pointing out that "The Autocrat of the Breakfast-
Table" was not easy to write, as no good book is,
the author advises the writer who is unusually fluent
to "take warning from the instructions which
accompany his fountain-pen: When this pen flows
too freely it is a sign that it is nearly empty and
should be filled." Apart from the natural affinity
between two cognate minds, Dr. Crothers may well
take an additional interest in Holmes as the son of
a former minister of the First Church in Cam-
bridge— the very pulpit now occupied by himself.
A book holding so much good in so small compass
as this centennial study of the Autocrat is not met
with every day.
An uncommon In the old Westphalian city of Her-
tvpe of royal ford, there flourished in the days of
womanhood. Lutheran revolt an ancient con-
vent which somehow escaped the common monastic
fate of suppression and was made part of the new
reformed rhgime. Herford was "protestanized,"
and remained for three centuries longer the refuge
of luckless ladies and distressed princesses. Among
the abbesses of this "Protestant nunnery " is num-
bered a lady of Stuart blood, Elizabeth, princess
Palatine, granddaughter of James I. and maternal
aunt of George I. The biography of this abbess has
recently been written by Elizabeth Godfrey under
the title "A Sister of Prince Rupert" (John Lane).
It is not a stirring story that the author has to tell —
the dramatic element is almost wholly wanting; still,
the story, because of a deep human interest, proves
very attractive. Like so many of her Stuart kins-
folk, Elizabeth was not a stranger to adversity: she
was born just before her father, the " Winter King,"
accepted the fatal Bohemian crown; her early years
were spent in exile in Brandenburg and Holland;
poverty was an almost continuous guest at her
mother's home. But, unlike the other Stuarts, she
lived her life in comparative freedom from political
strife and intrigue; hers was the quiet life of philo-
sophic study and religious contemplation. It is this
intellectual phase of Elizabeth's life and character
that the author particularly emphasizes. Little
space is given to family troubles and dynastic disap-
pointments, but much to her friendship for Descartes
and her interest in his philosophic teachings. Some
attention is also paid to the general question of
higher education among women in the seventeenth
century. As a contribution to history, the biography
does not take high rank; for the Princess Elizabeth
did not accomplish much of enduring value either
in the political or in the intellectual field. Yet the
world cannot fail to be interested in a princess who
refused to exchange her religious faith for a crown;
who enjoyed the society of "literary ladies"; who
patronized Quakers and Quietists. As a study of
the intellectual currents of the seventeenth century.
Miss Godfrey's work has considerable interest ; but
most of all it will be appreciated as a faithful and
sympathetic picture of an unusual type of royal
womanhood.
In a compact little volume of a hun-
7»X'n~l.dred and twenty-five pages, entitled
"India" (B. W. Huebsch), Mr. J.
Keir Hardie, the Labor leader in the British Par-
liament, records the impressions and information
gathered by him from a brief sojourn in that per-
turbed land. The core of the book lies in its views
regarding India "before taking and after taking"
British treatment The conclusion is, in the words
of Burke when discussing a similar problem in
which the American Colonies were concerned, that
"everything given as a remedy to the public com-
plaint has been followed by a heightening of the
distemper." This distemper of the nation, asserts
Mr. Hardie, is now practically beyond the control
of the British Government, and all because the
superimposed Governors have failed to recognise
the natural power of the highly-educated natives.
"A very little statesmanship, inspired by a very lit-
tle sympathetic appreciation of the situation, could
easily set things to rights." When British officials
are restrained from acting on official boards of which
they are not even members; when the councils for
villages are popularly elected and are held respon-
sible for the collection of taxes; when collectors and
other permanent officials are not made chairmen of
any boards; when promotion for the natives from the
Provincial Civil Service to the Indian Civil Service
without the red-tape requirement of going to London
to take the examination for promotion, —when these
reforms are established, says the author, peace and
prosperity will come to India. Mr. Hardie has not,
we may say, assimilated all his information gathered
in his two months' stay in India, but he has written
a book that will interest and instruct everyone who
is interested in Great Britain's major problem.


1909.]
241
THE DIAL
ThehUtorv Harold Murdock, a Boston
of the great banker and man of letters, is well
Botton fire. equipped to rehearse the story of
Boston's great fire of thirty-seven years ago, and he
tells it admirably in epistolary form, naming his
book "1872: Letters Written by a Gentleman in
Boston to his Friend in Paris, Describing the Great
Fire." The volume is issued in a sumptuous limited
edition (Houghton) with many illustrations both of
Boston before the fire and of scenes in the burning
or already burnt district The woodcuts and litho-
graphs transport the reader to that good old time
when Boston streets were even more crooked and
narrow and tangled than at present; and the letters,
with their skilfully feigned appearance of having
been hurriedly written while the ruins were still
smoking, maintain the illusion. But as Mr. Mur-
dock was only ten years old at the time of the fire,
he could hardly have seen and done all that the
supposed letter-writer chronicles as his part in the
tremendous drama. However, there is no attempt
to deceive or to mystify. The author appends his
list of authorities, with other explanatory and illus-
trative matter, and one must admire the skill with
which he has used his material. A sharp contrast
with present municipal conditions is revealed in the
statement that at the time of the fire "the city
fathers were for the most part men of standing and
responsibility in the community, and Boston suffered
more from their narrow conservatism and conscien-
tious economies than from anything suggestive of
that gross evil the modern name for which is' graft.'"
A passing reference reminds the reader that Froude
was lecturing in Tremont Temple, on the English in
Ireland, before the embers had cooled. He had but
a small audience and was not in his happiest mood.
Notes.
"The Arts of Japan," by Mr. Edward Dillon, and
"Illuminated Manuscripts," by Mr. John W. Bradley,
are two new volumes in the series of " Little Books on
Art," published by Messrs. A. C. McClurg & Co.
"The Short Story in English," by Professor Henry
Seidal Canby of Yale, will be issued at once by Messrs.
Henry Holt & Co. This is intended to be a guide, in
a relatively new field, for those who are interested in
the sources of modern literature.
It is generally understood that there will be no fur-
ther publication of fiction by George Meredith, but he
has left poems in manuscript, and a collection is to be
made of his occasional articles in the reviews — espe-
cially in the "Fortnightly Review."
"Waverley Synopses" is a little book which is
exactly what its title indicates. The plots of the novels
are summarized by Mr. J. Walker McSpadden, and
the volume is published by Messrs. Thomas Y. Crowell
& Co. An Index to characters is appended.
"The American Jewish Year Book " for 5670 has
for its special feature a discussion of "The Passport
Question in Congress," as it affects Jews desiring to
travel in Russia. There is also an important article on
the recent grouping into a single organization of the
Jewish societies of the City of New York. The volume
is edited by Mr. Herbert Friedenwald, and issued by
the Jewish Publication Society of America.
Messrs. Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. publish a neat
edition of George Eliot's works, in light volumes on
thin paper and in flexible leather covers, at a moderate
price. One of the volumes contains the essays and
poems, which are too apt to be forgotten by readers of
the novels.
We are opposed upon principle to condensation of
standard works, but some excuse may be offered in the
case of Carlyle's " Frederick the Great." Mr. Edgar
Sanderson has prepared the reduced form of this great
history, and the book is published by Messrs. A. C.
McClurg & Co.
A new volume in "The Mermaid Series," imported
by the Messrs. Scribner, gives us the complete plays of
Robert Greene, now newly edited for this series by
Professor Thomas H. Dickinson. New "Mermaid"
volumes are always welcome, and the absence of a
Greene from the series has long been felt.
An interesting collection of "Old Fashioned Fairy
Tales " has been made by Mrs. Marion Foster Wash-
burne, and will be published this Fall by Messrs. Rand,
McNally & Co. The same firm has also in press a
handsomely-illustrated edition of Miss Mulock's per-
ennial story, " The Little Lame Prince."
It has now been decided to bring out Mr. William
De Morgan's new novel, "It Never Can Happen Again,"
in England and America on November 16, this being
the date of Mr. De Morgan's seventieth birthday. Mr.
William Heinemann will be the London publisher, while
the American publishers will be Messrs. Henry Holt
& Co.
The centenary of Edward FitzGerald's birth is
being commemorated by Messrs. Thomas V. Crowell &
Company in the publication of a FitzGerald Edition of
the " KubaiyiU of Omar Khayyam." The lettering of
the text, the page decorations, and the illustrations in
color are all the work of the Hungarian artist, Willy
Pogany.
Mrs. William Sharp's biography of her husband,
announced some time ago by Messrs. Duffield & Co.,
will not be issued this Autumn, but has been postponed
until next year. In the meanwhile Mrs. Sharp is busy
with the collected edition of the works of Fiona Mac-
leod, two volumes of which will undoubtedly appear
this Fall.
Three important books dealing with Socialism are
announced by Mr. B. W. Huebsch of New York. Chief
among these is a translation from the German of Edward
Bernstein's "Evolutionary Socialism: A Criticism and
Affirmation"; the other two are "The Substance of
Socialism" and "Karl Marx: His Life and Work,"
both by Mr. John Spargo.
Popular interest in Mars, aroused by the planet's
recent opposition, makes timely Professor Percival
Lowell's latest book, "The Evolution of Worlds." In
this volume, to be published shortly, Professor Lowell
discusses not only the possibility of human beings living
on Mars, but the whole problem of the beginnings of
the universe as we see it.
Dr. William Edgar Geil, author of " The Great Wall
of China," announced by the Sturgis & Walton Com-
pany, is starting upon a new expedition into the interior
of China, one principal object of his trip being to make


242
[Oct. 1,
THE
DIAL
a study of the relation of American and European
residents in China to Chinese life and to international
questions and relations.
Mr. Maxfield Parrish, one of the most popular of
present-day illustrators, has lately made a series of
twelve drawings of scenes from the stories of the
"Arabian Nights," and they will be published this month
in a book called "The Arabian Nights: Their Best-
known Tales," edited by Mrs. Kate Douglas Wiggin
and Miss Nora Archibald Smith.
Miss Agnes C. Laut's "Conquest of the Great North-
west," which has already, in the ten months since its
publication, made a considerable reputation for its
author, was purchased by Messrs. Moffat, Yard &
Company at the sale, last month, of the Outing Com-
pany's publications. The author is now engaged in
writing a second work, carrying the story from the
period thus covered down to measurably modern days.
Dr. Eliot's much-discussed lecture on that subject of
perennial interest to all the world, and on which nearly
all the world holds more or less decided opinions,
Religion, is published in full in the October number of
"The Harvard Theological Review." The amount of
vehement denunciation and warm praise that this latest
of Dr. Eliot's public utterances has called forth is prob-
ably inversely proportional to the accuracy of the critic's
knowledge of what the speaker really said. In a pub-
lished letter to one of his assailants he mildly remarks:
"I venture to think that the opinion of the lecture which
you have formed on the basis of a few inaccurately
reported scattered sentences out of an address which
took an hour to read, might be modified if you read the
full address."
An old subscriber of the London " Athenaeum " writes
to deplore the omission from that sterling literary
journal of the Autumn and Spring lists of forthcoming
books, which he regards of the greatest value in ena-
bling readers and students to keep track of the books
that are expected in their special fields, as well as
affording a survey of all the various forms of literary
activities of the approaching book season. Readers of
The Dial need not be told how carefully this feature
is covered in its pages — as shown by the extended
lists in its preceding and present issues; but they can
have little conception of the labor and care involved in
collecting the advance information needed and present-
ing it in proper form. These lists have long been a
regular and distinctive feature of The Dial, and the
appreciation of the public satisfies us that the care and
labor are well expended.
The publishing rights to a number of important books
on the list of The Outing Publishing Company have
been acquired by Messrs. A. C. McClurg & Co., who will
hereafter issue the titles over their imprint. These
include two books of unusual interest which have not
yet been put on the market,—"The Conquest of the
Missouri," by Mr. Joseph Mills Hanson, and " Ships and
Sailors of Old Salem," by Mr. Ralph D. Paine, which
will be issued at once. The books already published
include Mr. Clarence E. Mulford's two stories," Bar 20"
and " The Orphan." Mr. Ralph D. Paine's "Greater
America "and "The Stroke Oar," Zane Grey's "The
Last of the Plainsmen," Mr. Dillon Wallace's "The
Long Labrador Trail," and two practical books, Sando's
"American Poultry Culture " and Massey's "Practical
Farming." Messrs. McClurg & Co. have also recently
acquired the publishing rights in Mrs. Katherine Yates's
well-known Christian Science stories for children.
Announcements of Faul, Books.
The length of The Dial's annual list of hooks
announced for full publication, contained in our
last (Sept. 16) issue, made it necessary to carry over
until the present number the following entries, com-
prising the full Educational and Juvenile announce-
ments of the season.
EDUCATION.
A Cyclopedia of Education, edited by Paul Monroe,
Vol. L—Exposition and Illustration, by John
Adams.—Attention and Interest, by Dr. Felix
Arnold.—The American High School, by John
Franklin Brown, $1.40.—The Nature Study Idea,
by L. H. Bailey.—Plain and Solid Co-Ordinate
Geometry, by H. B. Fine and H. B. Thompson.—
An Introductory Logic, by J. E. Creighton. new
and revised edition.—Outlines of Chemistry, by
Louis Kahlenberg.—Testing of Electromagnetie
Machinery and Other Apparatus, Vol. II., Alternat-
ing Currents, by B. V. Swenson and B. Franken-
field.—The Theory and Practice of English Com-
position, by H. S. Canby.—Representative Biog-
raphies, edited by F. W. C. Hersey and C. T. Cope-
land.—Manual of Physical Geography, by F. V.
Emerson.—Representative College Orations, by E.
D. Shurter.—Chesneau's Theoretical Principles of
the Methods of Analytical Chemistry, trans, by A.
T. Lincoln and D. H. Carnahan.—Selections from
Early American Writers, by William B. Cairns,
$1.25.—The Oldest English Epic, by Francis B.
Gummere, $1.10.—Genetic Psychology, by Edwin A
Kirkpatrick, $1.25.—A Text-Book of Psychology,
Part L, by Edward Bradford Tichener, $1.30.—
Readings on the Principles of American Govern-
ment, by Charles A. Beard.—An Outline of the
Roman Empire, by William Stearns Davis.—
Plautus' Trinummus, edited by H. R. Fairclough.—
Livy, Book XXL and Selections, edited by James
C. Egbert.—Dynamos and Motors, by W. S. Frank-
lin and William Esty.—Electric Waves, by William
S. Franklin.—Light and Sound, by W. S. Frank-
lin and William Esty.—Select Orations in American
History, by 8. B. Harding.—Alternating Currents
and Alternating Current Machinery, by D. C. and
J. P. Jackson, new and revised edition.—Intro-
duction to Public Finance, by C. C. Plehn, new and
revised edition.—Elements of Agriculture, by G.
F. Warren, illus.—The Pupils' Arithmetic, by
James C. Byrnes, Julia Richman, and John S.
Roberts, Vol. I.—English Spoken and Written, by
Dr. Henry P. Emerson and Ida C. Bender, VoL L
—Elements of Physics, by Henry Crew and Frank-
lin T. Jones, new and revised edition, illus.—
Csesar's Gallic War, by Archibald Livingston
Hodges, illus.—The Making of the Nation, by
Marguerite Stockman Dickson, illus.—Outlines of
General History, by V. A. Renouf.—A Short His-
tory of the United States, by Edward Channing
and Susan J. Ginn, new and revised edition.—
High School Course in Latin Composition, by
Charles McCoy Baker and Alexander James Inglis,
Vols. L and II.—A Laboratory Manual, by Ralph
S. Tarr.—The Universal Speller, by William E.


1909.]
243
THE
DIAL
Chancellor.—The Universal School Header, by
Louise Emery Tucker, illus.—The Pocket Classics,
13 new vols. (Macmillan Co.)
American Education, by Andrew S. Draper.—Social
Development and Education, by M. V. O'Shea, $2.
net.—How to Study and Teaching How to Study,
by Prank M. McMurray.—The Classical Moralists,
selections from the great authors in the history of
ethics from Socrates to Martineau, edited by Ben-
jamin Band.—Melodies of English Verse, edited
by Lewis Kennedy Morse.—Children's Classics in
Dramatic Form, by Augusta Stevenson, 40 cts. net.
—Biverside Educational Monographs, edited by
Henry Suzzallo, new vols.: The Meaning of In-
fancy, by John Fiske; Education for Efficiency,
by Charles W. Eliot; Moral Principles in Educa-
tion, by John Dewey; Our National Ideals in Edu-
cation, by Elmer E. Brown; The School as a
Social Institution, by Henry Suzzallo; Continuation
Schools, by Paul H. Hanus; Changing Conceptions
of Education, by E. P. Cubberley; Self-Cultivation
in English, by George Herbert Palmer; Ethical and
Moral Instruction in Schools, by George Herbert
Palmer; Types of Teaching, by Frederic Ernest
Farrington; per vol., 35 cts. net.—Biverside Litera-
ture Series, new vols.: Huxley's Autobiography
and Selected Essays; Byron's Childe Harold, and
The Prisoner of Chillon; Washington's Farewell
Address, and Webster's Bunker Hill Oration; Se-
lections from Irving's Bracebridge Hall; Virgil's
iEneid; Thoreau's Walden; Macaulay's Lord
Clive, and Warren Hastings; Mrs. Gaskell's Cran-
ford. (Houghton Mifflin Co.)
The Universities of Ancient Greece, by John W. H.
Walden, $1.50 net.—The Howe Beaders, by W. D.
Howe, M. T. Pritchard, and Elizabeth V. Brown.—
American History, by Professor James A. James.
—Elementary History of the United States, by
Wilbur F. Gordy.—Elementary Logic, by William
J. Taylor.—Physiology and Hygiene for Young
People, by Bobert Eadie.—Modern English, its his-
tory and use, by George Philip Krupp.—Agricul-
ture for Common Schools, by M. L. Fisher and F.
A. Cotton.—The Study of History in the Elemen-
tary Schools, report to American Historical Asso-
ciation.—The School Garden Book. (Charles Serib-
ner's Sons.)
Principles of International Law, by T. J. Lawrence,
new edition.—The State, by Woodrow Wilson, with
revision of the sections on Sweden and Norway.—
Belle Lettres Series, new vols.: The Cenci, by
Shelley, edited by George E. Woodberry; Love and
Honor and The Siege of Bhodes, by D'Avenant,
edited by James W. Tupper; King and No King,
and The Knight of the Burning Pestle, by Beau-
mont, edited by B. M. Alden; All for Love and
The Spanish Friar, by Dryden, edited by W.
Strunk, Jr.; Sejanus and Catiline, by Ben Jonson,
edited by W. D. Briggs.—An Interpretation of
Literature, by W. H. Hudson.—Syllabus of the
History of Education, by William J. Taylor.—
Psychology of Childhood, by Frederick Tracy and
Joseph Stimpfl.—Mechanics of Writing, by E. C.
Woolley.—Practical Bookkeeping and Business
Practice, by W. H. Whigam and O. D. Frederick.
—Shop Work, by C. S. and A. G. Hammock.—
Jean-Paul Choppart, by Desnoyer, with notes by
C. Fontaine.—La Prineesse Lointaine, by Bostand,
edited by Borgerhoff.—Spanish Anecdotes, selected
and edited by W. F. Giese and C. D. Cool.—Un
Servil6n y un Liberalito, edited by Dr. Carlos
Bransby.—Pereat Bochus, by Fogazzaro, edited by
De Salvio.—Dante's Divina Commedia, Part L,
edited by Grandgent.—Deutsche Patrioten, by
Arndt, with notes by Colwell.—Stokl's Alle funf,
with notes by Dr. Wilhelm Bernhardt.—Span-
hoof d'a Lesebuch.—Till Eulenspiegel, with notes
by Schmidt.—Original Exercises in Geometry,
edited by Grace M. Edgett.—High School Chem-
istry, by C. E. Linebarger.—Organic Chemistry,
by Ira Bemsen, fifth revision.—Cicero's De Ami-
citia, edited by E. W. Bowen.—Cicero's De
Senectute, edited by E. W. Bowen.—Heath's Eng-
lish Classics, new vols.: The Traveller and The De-
serted Village, by Goldsmith, and Gray's Elegy,
edited by Bose M. Barton.—German Anthology,
edited by Calvin Thomas.—Easy French Selections
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erature Francaise, by Delpet.—Voyage en Amer-
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Composition based on Merimee's Colomba, by L.
A. Boux.—Sudermann's Heimat, edited by Schmidt.
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English Poems, selected and edited by Walter C.
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Municipal Government, by Frank T. Goodnow, $3.
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trated Phonics, a text-book for schools, HIub.
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The Women of a State University, an illustration
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German Auxiliary Schools, by Dr. B. Maennel, trans,
by Emma Sylvester, $1.50 net. (Doubleday, Page
& Co.)
Ben Jonson's English Grammar, edited by Alice V.
Waite, 75 ets. net.—French Verbs and Verbal
Idioms in Speech, by Baptiste and E. Jules Meras,
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Elements of Transportation, a brief course in steam
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water transportation, by Emory B. Johnson, illus.,
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New General Physics, by J. A. Culler, illus.—School
History of the United States, by Charles Morris,
illus., 90 cts. net. (J. B. Lippineott Co.)


244
[Oct. 1,
THE
DIAL
A If NO UNCEMENT LIST OF FA LL BOOKS—continued.
A School History of Essex, by W. H. Weston.—A
School History of Hampshire, by F. Clarke. (Ox-
ford University Press.)
Selections from the Writings of Sir Walter Raleigh,
edited by Frank W. C. Heraoy, 35 cts. net. (Sher-
man, French & Co.)
BOOKS FOB THE YOUNG.
Donkey John of the Toy Valley, by Margaret W.
Morley, illus., $1.25.—The House on the North
Shore, by Marion Foster Washburne, illus., $1.25.—
The Child You Used to Be, by Leonora Pease,
illus., $1.50.—The Short-Stop, by Zane Grey, illus.,
$1.25.—The Silver Canoe, by Henry Gardner Hunt-
ing, illus., $1.25.—Around the World with the Bat-
tleships, by Roman J. Miller, with introduction by
James B. Connolly, illus., $1.25.—Sure-Dart, a
story of strange hunters and strange game in the
days of the monsters, by Frederick B. Costello,
illus., $1.25.—Billy Tomorrow, by Sarah Pratt
Carr, illus., $1.25.—A Boy's Bisk, by Gulielma
Zollinger, illus., $1.50.—Maggie McLanehan, by
Gulielma Zollinger, holiday edition, illus., $1.50.—
Chet, by Katherine M. Yates, illus., $1.25.—
Biblical Stories Retold for Children, by Edith
Ogden Harrison, each with frontispiece in color,
per vol., 50 cts. net.—Life Stories for Young
People, trans, by George P. Upton, new vols.:
Louise, Queen of Prussia; The Youth of the Great
Elector; Emperor William I.; Elizabeth, Empress
of Austria and Queen of Hungary; each illus., 60
cts. net.—Montana, the land of shining mountains,
by Katherine B. Judson, illus., 75 cts. net. (A. C.
McClurg & Co.)
Janet at Odds, by Anna Chapin Ray, illus., $1.50.—
Boys and Girls of Seventy-Seven, by Mary P. Wells
Smith, illus., $1.25—The Wide Awake Girls in
Winsted, by Katherine Ruth Ellis, illus., $1.50.—
Redney McGaw, a story of the big show and the
cheerful spirit, by Arthur E. McFarlane, illus.,
$1.50.—Betty Baird's Golden Year, by Anna Ham-
lin Weikel, illus., $1.50.—For the Norton Name,
by Hollis Godfrey, illus., $1.50.—The Girls of
Fairmount, by Etta Anthony Baker, illus., $1.50.—
Wigwam Evenings, by Charles A. Eastman and
Elaine Goodale Eastman, illus., $1.25.—Overheard
in Fairyland, by Madge A. Bigham, illus., $1.50.—
Polly and Dolly, by Mary Frances Blaisdale, illus.,
60 cts.—Wonderful Little Lives, by Julia Augusta
Schwartz, illus., $1.50.—Little People Everywhere,
by Etta Blaisdale McDonald, first vols.: Manuel in
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Kathleen in Ireland; each illus. in color, etc., 60
cts.—Story Land, by Clara Murray, illus., 50 cts.—
Children of History, early times, by Mrs. Hancock,
illus. in color, etc., 50 cts. net.—Children of His-
tory, later times, by Mrs. Hancock, illus. in color,
etc., 50 cts. net. (Little, Brown & Co.)
A Dog of Flanders, by Ouida, new edition, illus. in
color by Maria L. Kirk, $1.50.—At the Back of
the North Wind, by George MacDonald, illus. in
color by Maria L. Kirk, $1.50.—Muriel, by May
Baldwin, illus., $1.50.—Betty Vivian, by Laura T.
Meade, illus., $1.50.—Betty Compton, by Raymond
Jacberns, illus., $1.50.—Stories from the Greek
Legends, with frontispiece, $1.25 net.—Longshore
Boys, by William O. Stoddard, Jr., $1.50.—Brave
Bob Kitchin, by Andrew Home, illus., $1.50.—A
Trip to Mars, by Fenton Ash, illus. in color, $1.50.
—Finn, the Wolfhound, by A. J. Dawson, illus.,
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in color, $1.50.—The Romance of Modern Chem-
istry, by James C. Philip, illus., $1.50 net.—The
Romance of Modern Manufacture, by Charles R.
Gibson, illus., $1.50 net.—Heroes of Modem India,
by Edward Gilliat, illus., $1.50 net.—Adventures in
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net.—Missionary Heroes in Africa, by J. C. Lam-
bert, illus., 75 cts. net.—Lippincott's Wonder
Library, comprising: Wonders of Animal Ingenu-
ity, by H. Coupin; Wonders of Mechanical In-
genuity, by Archibald Williams; Wonders of the
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illus., 75 cts. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
Robinson Crusoe, by Daniel Defoe, illus. in color by
E. Boyd Smith, $1.50 net—John of the Woods,
by Abbie Farwell Brown, illus., by E. Boyd Smith,
$1.25—When Sarah Saved the Day, by Elsie Sing-
master, illus., $1.—The Garden of Eden, by George
Hodges, illus., $1.50.—The Story of the Greek Peo-
ple, by Eva March Tappan, illus., $1.50.—European
Hero Stories, by Eva March Tappan, illus.—Little
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Higgins, illus.—The Bunnikins-Bunnies in Camp,
by Edith B. Davidson, illus. in color by Clara E.
Atwood, 50 cts. net.—The Admiral's Caravan, by
Charles E. Carryl, new edition, illus. by Reginald
Birch, $1.50.—Child Life in Prose, edited by John
G. Whittier, new edition, illus., $1.50.—The Story
of Noah's Ark, new edition, illus. in color by E.
Boyd Smith, $1.25 net. (Houghton Mifflin Co.)
Stevenson's Child's Garden of Verses, illus. in color,
etc., by Florence Storer, $1.50.—The Boy's Catlin,
my life among the Indians, by George Catlin,
edited by Mary Gay Humphreys, illus., $1.50 net.—
College Years, by Ralph D. Paine, illus. by Worth
Brehm, $1.50.—The Boy Pioneers, sons of Daniel
Boone, by Dan Beard, illus., $2. net.—On the Old
Kearsarge, a story of the Civil War, by Cyrus
Townsend Brady, illus., $1.35 net.—The Story of
Rustem, and other Persian hero tales from Firdusi,
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(Charles Scribner's Sons.)
Stories from the Faerie Queene, by Lawrence Daw-
son, illus., $1.50 net.—The Story of Hereward, by
Douglas C. Stedman, illus., $1.50 net.—Stories of
Norse Heroes, by E. M. Wilmot-Buxton, illus.,
$1.50.—Dorothy Brook's School Days, by Frances
Campbell Sparhawk, illus., $1.50.—We Four and
Two More, by Imogen Clark, illus. in color, $1.25.
—Found by the Circus, by James Otis, illus., $1.—
In Nature's School, by Lilian Gask, illus., $1.50.—
The Land of Nod, by J. Walker McSpadden, illus.,
$1.50.—Pinocchio, by C. Collodi, illus. in color, $1.
■—Bar B Boys, by Edwin L. Sabin, illus., $1.50.—
When America Won Liberty, by Tudor Jenks, illus.,
$1.25. (Thomas Y. Crowell & Co.)
Captain Chub, by Ralph Henry Barbour, illus., $1.50.
—The Boy's Life of Ulysses 8. Grant, by Helen


1909.]
245
THE DIAL.
Nicolay, illus., $1.50.—When I Grow Up, pictures
and verses by W. W. Denslow, (1. net.—From Sioux
to Susan, by Agnes McClelland Daulton, illus.,
$1.50.—A Son of the Desert, by Bradley Gilman,
illus., $1.50.—The Lass of the Silver Sword, by
Mary Constance Du Bois, illus., $1.50.—Bound
Volumes of St. Nicholas for 1908-9, 2 vols., $4.
(Century Co.)
The Wonder Book and Tanglewood Tales, by Nathan-
iel Hawthorne, illus. in color, etc., $2.—Historic
Boyhoods, by Bupert S. Holland, illus., $1.50 net.—
Shovelhorns, the biography of a moose, by Clarence
Hawkes, illus. in color, etc., $1.50.—The Land of
Really True, by Millicent Olmstead, illus. in color,
$1.—Joan's Jolly Vacation, by Emilia Elliot, illus.,
$1.50.—The Four Corners Abroad, by Amy E.
Blanchard, illus., $1.50.—The Lettie Lane Paper
Family, twelve sheets of paper dolls designed by
Sheila Young, $1.—Kittie Kat Kimmie, by S.
Louise Patteson, illus., $1.—The Hundred Best
Series, a treasury of poetry in various tongues,
new vol.: Poetry for Children, 50 cts. net.—The
Dwellers Series, by Theodore Wood, 6 vols., each
illus. in color, etc., 50 cts. net.—The Children's
Favorites, told in easy French by Katheleen Fitz-
gerald, illus. in color, 50 cts. net.—Bab and his
Friends, by Dr. John Brown, illus. in color, 75 cts.
net.—Classics for Children, new vols.: Doctor Mari-
gold, by Charles Dickens; Some Roundabout Pa-
pers, by W. M. Thackeray; each illus., 50 cts. net.
—The Jacobs Nursery Library, first vol.: Peter
Pixie, by Augusta Thorburn, illus. in color, etc.,
50 cts. (George W. Jacobs & Co.)
Tales from Shakespeare, by Charles and Mary Lamb,
illus. in color by Arthur Rackham, $2.50 net.—Gul-
liver 's Travels, by Jonathan Swift, illus. in color by
Arthur Rackham, $2.50 net.—Fairy Tales, by Ed-
ouard R. de Laboulaye, illus. in color, etc., $2.50.—
Heidi, by Johanna Spyri, new translation, illus. in
color, etc., by Lizzie Lawson, $2.50.—The Poot and
Other Animals, by Harold Richardson, illus. in
color by G. H. Thompson, $2.—When Mother Was
a Little Girl, drawings in color by Ida Waugh,
with verses by Amy Blanchard, $2.—The Enchanted
Forest, by Mary Raymond Shipman Andrews, illus.
in color, etc., by E. Boyd Smith, $1.50.—The House
of Arden, by E. Nesbit, illus. by H. R. Millar,
$1.50.—The February Boys, by Mrs. Molesworth,
illus. in color by Mabel L. Attwell, $1.50.—The
Frogs O' Poolo, or Wonder Ways of Tiny Folks,
illus. by Harold Sichel, $1.50.—With Kit Carson in
the Rockies, a tale of the beaver country, by Everett
McNeil, illus., $1.50.—Captain Pete of Puget
Sound, and Captain Pete of Cortesana, by James
Cooper Wheeler, each illus., $1.50.—Alwyn's Friend,
and Princess of the Rebels, by Laura T. Meade,
each illus., $1.50.—Mother Goose and What Hap-
pened Next, by Anna Marion Smith, illus. by Reg-
inald Birch, $1.25.—Little Workers, by C. M. Lowe,
illus. in color by E. Stuart Hardy, $1.—Little In-
dian Maidens at Work and Play, by Beatrice Bax-
ter Ruyl, illus., $1.—Grandmother's Favorite, edited
by Amy Steedman, comprising: The Birthday Pres-
ent, by Maria Edgeworth; The Fairchild Family,
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iature Picture Books, by Walter Copeland, new
vols.: The Little Book of,Sailors; The Little Book
of Soldiers; The Little Book of Other People; each
illus. by Charles Robinson, 25 cts. (E. P. Dutton
& Co.)
Blue Goops and Red, by Gelett Burgess, illus., $1.35
net.—The Complete Mother Goose, illus. by Ethel
Franklin Betts, $1.50.—Chemistry for Young Peo-
ple, by Tudor Jenks, illus., $1.50 net.—Birds of the
World for Young People, by Tudor Jenks and
Charles R. Knight, illus. in color, $2. net.—Romance
of History Series, first vols.: Mexico, by Margaret
Coxhead; Australia, by Dr. W. H. Lang; Gibraltar
and the West Indies, by John Lang; New Zealand,
by Reginald Horsley; India, by Victor Surridge;
South Africa, by Ian D. Colvin; each illus. in color,
$2. net.—The Circus and All About It, by E. Boyd
Smith, illus. in color, etc., $2.—An Empire Story,
by H. E. Marshall, illus. in color, $2.50 net.—The
Boys' Book of Airships, illus., $2.—Fine Art Ju-
veniles, new vols.: The Wonder Book of Beasts,
by F. J. Harvey Darton; The Man from the Moon,
by Philip Carmichael; Prince Boo-Hoo, by Harry
Jones; Sintram and Undine, by De la Motte
Fouqufi; each illus. in color, etc., $1.50.—The
Child's Hansel and Gretel, illus. in color, $1.50.—
Story-Lives of Great Authors, by Francis Row-
botham, illus. with portraits, etc., $1.50.—Stokes'
Wonder Book, illus. in color, etc., $1.50.—Great
Operas Told for Children, by John Prendergast,
illus. in color, $1.50.—School Children the World
Over, by Lucy Dunton, illus., $1.50.—The Irish
Fairy Book, by Alfred Percival Graves, illus. in
color, $1.50.—The Boys and Girls of the White
House, illus. with portraits, $1.50.—England's
Story for Children, by E. Baumer Williams, illus.
in color, etc., $1.50.—Margery Redford and Her
Friends, illus., $1.50.—The Lays of the Grays, illus.
in color, $1.50.—Dick in the Everglades, by A. W.
Dimock, illus., $1.50.—Billy Possum, by T. Carter
Beard, illus. in color, etc., $1.—Winning Their Way,
by John T. Faris, illus., $1.50.—The Rose and the
Ring, by W. M. Thackeray, illus. in color, etc,
$1.25.—The Helter Skelters, by George Daulton,
illus., $1.25.—Powder and Jam, illus. in color, $1.—
The Donakin Circus, illus. in color, $1.—Land
Babies and Sea Babies, by Emily Shore, illus. in
color, $1.—What Sheila Did, by C. 8. Baker, illus.
in color, etc., 50 cts.—Bobby Blake, and Dolly
Drake, by Grace G. Wiederseim, each illus., 50 cts.
(Frederick A. Stokes Co.)
Harper's Handy-Book for Girls, edited by Anna P.
Paret, illus., $1.75.—When Roggie and Reggie
Were Five, by Gertrude Smith, illus. in color, $1.30
net.—Decisive Battles of America, edited by Ripley
Hitchcock, $1.50.—Swiss Family Robinson, by Jo-
hann David Wyss, new edition, with introduction
by William Dean Howells, illus. by Louis Rhead,
$1.50.—Harper's Young People Series, new vol.:
Boys on the Railroad, by Molly Elliot Seawell,
James Barnes, Ellen Douglas Deland and others;
illus., 60 cts.—Harper's Athletic Series, new vol.:
On the Gridiron, and other stories of out-door


246
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
ANNO UNCEMENT LIST OF FALL BOOK8—continued.
sport, by Jesse Lynch Williams and others; illus.,
60 cts. (Harper & Brothers.)
The Arabian Nights, new edition, illus. by Heath
Robinson, Helen Stratton, and others, $1.50.—Hans
Christian Andersen's Fairy Tales, illus. in color,
etc., by Helen Stratton, $1.50 net.—Grimm's Fairy
Tales, illus. in color, etc., by Helen Stratton, $1.50
net.—Mother Goose's Nursery Rhymes, by Walter
Jerrold, illus. in color, etc., by John Hassall, $1.50
net.—Stories Told through the Ages, retold by H.
E. Havell, 6 vols., comprising: Stories from the
Old Testament; Stories from Greek Tragedy;
Stories from the Iliad; Stories from the Odyssey;
Stories from the JEneid; Stories from Don
Quixote; each illus. in photogravure, $1.50.—The
Wonders of the Zoo, by Lilian Gask, illus., $1.25.—
Stories Children Love, edited by Charles Welsh,
illus. in color, $1.25.—Basil the Page, by C. J.
Whitham, illus., $1.25.—Our Visit to France, by
Kate F. Fricero, illus., $1.—Friends of the Hunted,
by John Howard Jewett, $1.—Dutchie Doings, by
Ethel Parkinson and Walter Chapman, illus. in
color, $1.—The Children's Bookshelf, 3 vols., com-
prising: The Story of King Arthur, by Mary Mac-
leod; The Red CroBS Knight and Sir Guyon, by
Mary Macleod; Pilgrim's Tales, by F. J. H.
Darton; each illus. in color, etc., 60 cts.—The Tale
of a Black Cat, by Clifton Johnson, illus. in color,
etc., 60 cts. (Dodge Publishing Co.)
The Road to Oz, by L. Frank Baum, illus. by John
R. Neil, $1.25.—Yama Yama Land, an extrava-
ganza, by Grace Duffie Boylan, illus. in colors by
Edgar Keller, $1.50.—The Airship Boys Series,
by H. L. Sayler, first vols.: The Airship Boys, or
The Quest of the Aztec Treasure; The Airship
Boys Adrift, or Saved by an Aeroplane; each $1.—
The House a Jap Built, by Gustine C. Weaver,
illus. in colors, 75 cts.—The Boy Fortune Hunters
Series, by Floyd Akers, new vol.: The Boy Fortune
Hunters in China, 60 cts.—The Aunt Jane Series,
by Edith Van Dyne, new vol.: Aunt Jane's Nieces
at Work, 60 cts.—Children's Red Books, 12 vols.,
each 25 cts. (Reilly & Britton Co.)
U. S. Service Series, first vol.: The Boy with the
U. S. Survey, by Francis Rolt-Wheeler, $1.50.—
War of the Union Series, first vol.: For the Stars
and Stripes, by Everett T. Tomlinson, illus., $1.50.
—Norman Carver Series, second vol.: With Pick-
pole and Peavey, or Two Live Boys on the East
Branch Drive, illus., $1.50.—The Lookout Island
Campers, by Warren L. Eldred, illus., $1.50.—
Dorothy Brown, by Nina Rhoades, illus., $1.50.—
Stories of the Triangular League, first vol.: The
School Four, by A. T. Dudley, illus., $1.25.—Five
Chum Series, first vol.: Winning his Shoulder
Straps, or Bob Anderson at Chatham Military
School, by Norman Brainard, illus., $1.25.—Helen
Grant Series, new vol.: Helen Grant, Teacher,
by Amanda Douglas, illus., $1.25.—Brave Heart
Series, fifth voL: American Patty, by Adele E.
Thompson, illus., $1.25.—Hester Series, first vol.:
The Coming of Hester, by Jean K. Baird, illus.,
$1.25.—Little Heroine Series, second vol.: The
Little Heroine at School, by Alice Turner Curtis,
illus., $1.25.—Mother Tucker's Series, by Angela
W. Wray, illus., $1.25.—Dorothy Dainty Series,
new vol.: Dorothy Dainty in the Country, illus.,
$1.—The Prue Books, new vol.: Prue at School,
by Amy Brooks, illus., $1. (Lothrop, Lee &
Shepard Co.)
Patty's Pleasure Trip, by Carolyn Wells, illus., $1.25.
—The Kite Book, by B. Cory Kilbert, illus. in
color, $1.25.—Marjorie's New Friend, by Carolyn
Wells, illus., $1.25.—Dick and Dolly, by Carolyn
Wells, illus., $1.25.—A Little Girl in Old Pitts-
burg, by Amanda M. Douglas, $1.50.—Liberty or
Death, by Eliza F. Pollard, illus., $1.50.—The Story
of our Navy, for American boys, by Willis J.
Abbot, illus., $2. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
The Faerie Queene and Her Knights, stories retold
from Edmund Spenser by Rev. Alfred J. Church,
illus., $1.50 net.—Peeps at Many Lands, new vols.:
Belgium; Canada; China; Corsica; Finland; Ger-
many; Greece; Ireland; New Zealand; Norway;
Turkey; Wales; Jamaica; each illus. in color, 75
cts. net.—The Water Babies, by Charles Kingsley,
illus. in color by Warwick Goble.—Manual of
Games, by Jessie Bancroft, $1.50 net. (Macmillan
Co.)
The Prince and his Ants, by Luigi Bertelli, trans, by
Sarah F. Woodruff, edited by V. L. Kellogg, illus.
in color, etc., $1.50 net.—Cock-a-doo-dle-Hill, by
Alice Cahhoun, illus., $1.50.—The Cave of the
Bottomless Pool, by Henry Gardiner Hunting, illus.,
$1.50.—The House of the Heart, plays for chil-
dren, by Constance D'Arcy Mackay, illus., $1.25
net.—The Secret of Old Thunderhead, by Louise
Godfrey Irwin, illus., $1.50. (Henry Holt & Co.)
Barty Crusoe and His Man Saturday, by Frances
HodgBon Burnett, illus. in color, $1. net.—Pleasant
Day Diversions, by Carolyn Wells, $1. net.—When
Mother Lets Us Help, by Constance Johnson, illus.,
75 cts. net.—When Mother Lets Us Give a Party,
by Elsie Duncan Yale, illus., 75 cts. net.—The
Children's Book, edited by Frances Hodgson Bur-
nett, illus. in color, etc., $1.50.—Dan Beard's Ani-
mal Book, by Dan Beard, new and enlarged edi-
tion, illus., $1.75 net. (Moffat, Yard & Co.)
Double Play, by Ralph Henry Barbour, illus., $1.50.
—The Free Rangers, by Joseph A. Altsheler, illus.,
$1.50.—The New Sophomore, by James Shelley
Hamilton, illus., $1.50.—Louisa May Alcott, by
Belle Moses, illus., $1.25 net.—Florence Nightin-
gale, by Laura E. Richards, with portraits, $1.25
net.—On the Trail of Washington, by Frederick
Trever Hill, illus. in color, etc., $1.50 net.—In Line
of Duty, by Captain Richard Pearson Hobson,
illus. in color, $1.50.—The Last of the Chiefs, by
Joseph A. Altsheler, illus., $1.50.—The Red Caps
of Lyons, by H. Haynes, illus., $1.50.—The Man
Who Made Good, by Walter Camp, illus., $1.50.—
The Adventures of Little Knight Brave, by Mrs.
Frances B. Bees, illus., $1.50.—Tales of the Red
Children, by Abbie Farwell Brown, illus., $1.—
Jesus, David, Joseph, Samuel, and Moses, 5 vols.,
each illus. in color. (D. Appleton & Co.)
In the Fairy Ring, a book of verses and pictures for
children, by Florence Harrison, illus. in color, etc.,
$2.—Three Jovial Puppies, a book of pictures and
rhymes, illus. in color, $2.—Caldwell's Boys and
Girls at Home, illus. in color, etc., $1.25.—The Hill


1909.]
247
THE DIAL
that Fell Down, by Evelyn Sharp, illus., $1.25.—
Through the Heart of Tibet, by Alexander Mac-
donald, illus., $1.25.—The Rival Treasure Hunters,
by Robert M. Macdonald, illus., $1.25.—John
Bargrave's Qold, by Capt. F. 8. Brereton, illus.,
$1.25.—A Hero of Sedan, by Capt. F. S. Brereton,
illus., $1.25.—Bright-Wits, Prince of Mogadore,
a series of puzzles, by Burren Loughlin and L. L.
Flood, printed in color, 75 cts,—Babes and Blos-
soms, by Walter Copeland, illus. in color, 75 cts.
(H. M. Caldwell Co.)
Tales of Wonder, by Kate Douglas Wiggin and Nora
Archibald Smith, $1.50 net.—Trees Every Child
Should Know, by Julia Ellen Rogers, illus., $2.
net.—The Book of Famous Sieges, by Tudor
Jenks, illus., $1.50 net. (Doubleday, Page & Co.)
Grimm's Animal Stories, pictures in color and deco-
rations by John Rae, $2.—The Animals in the Ark,
by A. Guizot, illus. in color, $1.25.—Children of
Yesterday, a book of verses, illus. in color, etc.,
$1.50.—Animals, by Wallace Rice, new edition,
illus. in color, $2.50 net. (Duffield & Co.)
The Songs of Father Goose, verses by L. Frank
Baum, music by Alberta N. Hall, illustrations by
W. W. Denslow, $1.25.—The April Fool Doll, by
Josephine Scribner Gates, illus., $1.25.—The Gold
Hunters, by James Oliver Curwood, illus., $1.50.—
Humphrey Bold, a tale of sea-fighting under brave
Benbow, by Herbert Strang, illus., $1.50.—Almost
Fairy Children, by Caleb Lewis, illus., $1.25.—Why
the Chimes Rang, by Raymond MacDonald Alden,
new edition, decorated, 50 cts. net. (Bobbs-Menill
Co.)
The Red Book of Heroes, by Mrs. Andrew Lang,
edited by Andrew Lang, illus. in color, etc.—The
Golliwogg in the African Jungle, verses by Bertha
Upton, illus. in color by Florence K. Upton.
(Longmans, Green, & Co.)
Giant-Land, or The Wonderful Adventures of Tom
Pippin, by Ronald Quiz, illus. in color, $2. net.—
The Golden Staircase, poems for children, chosen
by Louey Chisolm, illus. in color by M. Dibdin
Spooner, new school edition, $1. net. (G. P. Put-
nam's Sons.)
Child's Guide Series, new vols.: A Child's Guide to
American History, by Henry W. Elson; A Child's
Guide to Reading, by John Macy; A Child's Guide
to Music, by Daniel Gregory Mason; each illus.,
$1.25 net. (Baker & Taylor Co.)
Cassell's Annual for Boys and Girls, illus. in color,
etc., $1.25.—Chums, illus. in color, etc., $2.75.—
Little Folks, illus. in color, etc., $1.25.—Bo-Peep,
a treasury for little people with original stories
and verses by popular authors, illus. in color, etc.,
75 cts.—Tiny Tots, yearly volume, illus. in color,
etc., 50 cts.—The Bo-Peep Series, new vols.: Romps
and Rhymes, Boy Blue Picture Book, Bed Time
Picture Book, illus. in color, etc., each 40 cts.
(Cassell & Co.)
Tell Me a True Story, tales of Bible heroes, by Mary
Stewart, illus., $1.25 net.—The Big Brother of
Sabin St., by I. T. Thurston, illus., $1. net.—Just
Boys, jangles from the choir room, by Mary B.
Wood, illus., 75 cts. net. (Fleming H. Revell Co.)
Maida's Little Shop, by Inez Haynes Gillmore, $1.25.
(B. W. Huebsch.)
Topics in Leading Periodicals.
October, 1909.
Abdul Hamld II. H. G. Dwight. Putnam.
African Game Trails. Theodore Roosevelt. Scribner.
Alpenstock, Hen of the. Day Allen Wilier. Putnam.
Amundsen Polar Expedition —1910. M. Alger. Putnam.
Animals, How They and their Way Home. J. B. Watson. Harper.
Autobiography, Sincerity of. Anna Robeson Burr. A tlantie.
Bank, A Central —Is it Desirable? A. B. Hepburn. Century.
Boys, Our — Are We Spoiling Them? Paul van Dyke Scribner.
Brown, John, Recollections of. Eleanor Atkinson. American.
Business Men's Novels. George Jean Nathan, Bookman.
Cabbages, The Planting of. Holbroke White. Atlantic.
Chemistry, Applied, Advances In. C. Baskerville. Rev. ofRevt.
Chinese Women at Home. Isaac Taylor Headland. Putnam.
Christ in Modern Thought. Philip 8. Moxom. North American.
Cleveland's Conversations and Letters. R. W. Gilder. Century.
Coal Mine, In a. William Gilmore Beymer. Harper.
College. The, and the Freshman. W. R. Castle. Jr. Atlantic.
Common Things, Simple Lessons from. F.E.Nipher. Pop. Sci.
Cook, Dr.— The Man and the Deed. W. T. Stead. Rev. of Rev:
Corruption in Public Life. Ben B. Lindsey. Everybody't.
Crime, Last Census and its Bearing on. A. Drahms. Pop. Sci.
Delhi, A Soldier of. Robert Shackle ton. Harper.
Dooley, Mr., on the Magazines. F. P. Dunne. A merican.
Edinburgh, Old. Archibald Henderson. Harper.
Emmanuel Movement from a Medical View-Point. Pop. Science.
England. Social Hegemony of. Sidney Whitman. No. American.
Finger-Prints—Their Use by the Police. J. Hambridge. Century.
Finger-Prints—Their Use in the Navy. C. B. Brewer. Century.
Fitch, Clyde. Clayton Hamilton. Bookman.
Forest Region, The Atlantic. 8. Trotten. Popular Science.
Gunnison Tunnel, Heroes of the, A. W. Rolker. Everybody't.
Hardy, Thomas. Novels of. William Lyon Phelps. North Amer.
Harriman the Absolute. Robert S. Lanier. Review of Reviewt.
Han. From the, to Hlldesbeim. R. H. Schauffler. Century.
Hayne. President, Administration of. J. F. Rhodes. Century.
Himalayas, Exploring the Glaciers of. F. B. Workman. Harper.
Hudson-Fulton Celebration, The. G. F. Kunz. Popular Science.
Impressionism in Art, The True. Birge Harrison. Scribner.
India, British Rule in. Sidney Brooks. Century.
Interstate Commerce Commission. Duties of. North American.
Ireland, The New—XI. Sidney Brooks. No. American.
James, Henry—Auto-Critic. Edward Clark Marsh. Bookman.
Jews, Disintegration of the. Ray Stannard Baker. American.
Johnson. Doctor. Charles W. Hodell. Putnam.
Land, Lure of the. Frederic C. Howe. Scribner.
Latin vs. German. Ralph H. McKee. Popular Science.
Lawyer, Function of the. D. R. Richberg. Atlantic.
Leather and Its Uses. L. E. Van Norman. Review of Reviewt.
Literary Groups, Famous. Agnes H. Brown. Bookman.
London, The Declaration of. Paul S. Reinsch. jVo. American.
Looking Forward. James J. Hill. Putnam.
Lowestoft, Drifters out of. Walter Wood. Scribner.
Manchuria Muddle, The. Edward Harkness. Putnam.
Meredith, George, Personal Recollections of. F.J. Bliss. Century.
Mexico, Barbarous — I. John Kenneth Turner. American.
Mine in the Making, A, Charles R. Keyes. Review of Reviewt.
Navy, Have We One 1 Ambrose Bierce. Everybody't.
Nervous System, Origin of the. G. H. Parker. Popular Science.
Night. The Edge of. Dallas Lore Sharp. Atlantic.
North Pole at Last, The. Cyrus C. Adams. Review of Reviewt
Old,—What Other Nations Do with. R.W. Child. Everybody'!.
Painter, The, and his Profits. Amos Stote. Bookman.
Payne Tariff Law, The. Samuel W. McCall. Atlantic.
Peary: A Character Sketch. Review of Reviewt.
Persia, Land of Lovely Ladies. E. A. Powell. Everybody't.
Physical Education, Future of. D. A. Sargent. Putnam.
Poe. The "Child Wife" of. J.P.January. Century.
Polo, Marco. C. Raymond Beazley. Atlantic.
Pont D'Avignon. Isabel Floyd Jones. Bookman.
Printer, The First Royal. Lawrence Burnham. Bookman.
Promised Land, Passing of the. C. M. Harger. Atlantic.
Psychical Researcher, Confidences of a. W.James. American.
Scholarship. Standing of. in Amer. H. Munsterberg. Atlantic.
Shakespeare's " Titus Andronicus." William Sharp. Harper.
Ships, Am., and the Way to get Them. W. L. Marvin. Atlantic.
State Insurance of Germany. Madge C. Jenison. Harper.
State Power, Startling Growth of. Hannis Taylor. No. Amer.
States with Ideas of their Own. Philip L. Allen. No. American.
Steamboat, Fulton's Invention of the—II. Review of Reviewt.
Tariff, Make-Believe. The. Wood row Wilson. North American.
Trade-Unions and Individual Worker. J.T.Lincoln. Atlantic.
War Game. Taking Boston in the. Review of Reviewt.
Welles, Gideon. Diary of (continued I. Atlantic.
Wilderness, The Battle of the — V. Morris Schaff. A tlantie.


248
[Oct. 1,
THE
DIAL
IjISt of New Books.
[The following List, containing ZOO titles, includes books
received by The Dial since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
Rlohard Jeffeiies: His Life and Work. By Edward Thomas.
Illustrated In photogravure, etc.. large 8vo, 339 pages.
Little. Brown, A Co. 13. net.
The Life of Mlrabeau. By 8. O. Tallentyre. With portraits.
large 8vo. SCO pages. Moffat. Yard &, Co. $8. net.
Napoleon's Mara hale. By R. P. Dunn-Pattison. Illustrated.
large 8vo, 373 pages. Little, Brown. & Co. t3.net.
Life, Letters, and Journals of George Ticknor. New
edition; in 2 vols., illustrated in photogravure, large Svo,
Houghton Mifflin Co. 15.
Wits. Beaux and Beauties of the Georgian Era. By John
Fyvie. Illustrated. 8vo, 359 pages. John Lane Co. |4. net.
Enohanters of Men. By Ethel Colburn Mayne. Illustrated
in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, 368 pages. George W. Jacobs
& Co. $3.60 net.
Marcus Whitman: Pathfinder and Patriot. By Rev. Myron
Eells. Illustrated, large 8vo, 349 pages. Seattle: Alice
Harriman Co. t2.50 net.
Beminisoenoes of My Life. By Charles Santley. With
portraits, large 8vo, 318 pages. Brentano's. $4. net.
Robert Fulton and the Clermont. By Alice Oraiy Sutcliff.
Illustrated, 12mo, 367 pages. Century Co. (1.20 net.
The Speakers of the House. By Hubert Bruce-Fuller. With
frontispiece, 8vo, 311 pages. Little, Brown, & Co. 12. net.
Sir Robert Hart: The Romance of a Great Career. By Juliet
Bredon. Illustrated in photogravure, etc., 8vo, 250 pages.
E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.75 net.
Henry Hudson: A Brief Statement of his Aims and his
Achievements. By Thomas A. Janvier. Illustrated, 12mo,
148 pages. Harper & Brothers. 75 cts. net.
Jesse Lee : A Methodist Apostle. By William Henry Meredith.
With frontispiece, 18mo, 128 pages. Jennings & Graham.
26 cts. net.
HISTORY.
The Last Days of Papal Rome. 1850-1870. By R. De Cesare;
translated by Helen Zlmmern; with Introduction by G. M
Trevelyan. Illustrated, large Svo. 488 pages. Houghton
Mifflin Co. 13.50 net.
Memorials of St. Paul's Cathedral. By William MacDonald
Sinclair. Illustrated in photogravure, etc., large Svo, 612
pages. George W. Jacobs & Co. (4. net.
The Court of Louis XIII. By K. A. Patmore. With por-
traits, large 8vo. 380 pages. Brentano's. 13.60 net.
The Bomanoe of Northumberland. By A. G. Bradley.
Illustrated in color, large 8vo, 400 pages. A. C. McClurg &
Co. 12.75 net.
Frenoh Vignettes: A Series of Dramatic Episodes. 1787-1871.
By M. Betham-Edwards. With portraits, large 8vo. 256 pages.
Brentano's. $3. net.
The Tower of London: Fortress, Palace, and Prison. By
Charles G. Harper. Illustrated, large Svo, 268 pages. George
W. Jacobs & Co. (2.60 net.
The Taverns and Turnpikes of Blandlord. 1733-1883. By
Sumner Gilbert Wood. Illustrated, large 8vo, 829 pages.
Published by the author. $2. net.
Society and PoIItios in Anolent Rome: Essays and
Sketches. By Frank Frost Abbott. 12mo, 267 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.26 net.
The Transition in Illinois from British to American
Government, By Robert Livingston Schuyler. Large
8vo, 146 pages. Macmillan Co. |1. net.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
The Romantic Movement in English Poetry. By Arthur
Symons. Large 8vo, 339 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2.50 net.
Shakespeare. By Algernon Charles Swinburne. 18mo, 83
pages. Oxford University Press.
1872: Letters Written by a Gentleman in Boston to His
Friend in Paris, describing the Great Fire. With intro-
ductory chapters and notes by Harold Murdoch. Limited
edition; illustrated, large 8vo, 160 pages. Houghton Mifflin
Co. $5. net.
Romantic Legends of Spain. By Gustavo Adolfo Becquer;
translated by Cornelia Frances Bates and Katharine Lee
Bates. Illustrated, Svo, 271 pages. Thomas Y. Crowell &
Co. $1.50 net.
Hellas and Hesperia; or. The Vitality of Greek Studies in
America; Three Lectures. By Basil Lannean Qildersleeve.
With portrait in photogravure, 12mo, 130 pages. Henry
Holt & Co. $l.net.
Oliver Wendell Holmes: The Autocrat and his Fellow-
Boardera. By Samuel McChord Crothers. With portrait,
16mo. 66 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. 75 cts. net.
De Profundus. By Oscar Wilde. Second edition, with addi-
tional matter; with frontispiece, 12mo, 154 pages. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $1.26 net.
The Stage History of Shakespeare's King Richard
the Third. By Alice I. Perry Wood. Svo, 18S pages. New
York: Columbia University Press. $1.26 net.
The Centenary of Tennyson, 1809-1909. By T. Herbert
Warren, 8vo, 32 pages. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Paper.
Was William Shakespeare a Gentleman t By Samuel A.
Tannenbanm Large 8vo. 29 pages. New York: The Tenny
Press. 50 cts. net.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
Works of George Eliot. Thin paper edition. In eight vol-
umes, with photogravure frontispieces, 12mo. Thomas Y.
Crowell & Co. Per set, limp leather, $10. net.
Orowell's Thin Paper Poets. New vols.: Poetical Quota-
tions, edited by Anna L. Ward; William Wordsworth: James
Russell Lowell. With photogravure frontispieces, 12mo.
Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. Per vol.. $1.25.
The Maine Woods. By Henry D. Thoreau; illustrated in
photogravure, etc., by Clifton Johnson. Svo, 437 pages.
Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. $2. net.
Swinburne's Dramas. Edited by Arthur Beatty. With por-
trait in photogravure, 12mo. 3S4 pages. Thomas Y. Crowell
4 Co. $1.50 net.
Plays of Robert Greene. Edited, with Introduction and
Notes, by Thomas H. Dickinson. l6mo, 452 pages. "Mer-
maid Series." Charles Scribner's Sons. $1. net.
Poems, Letters, and Prose Fragments of Klrke White,
Edited by John Drinkwater. 16mo, 268 pages. "Muses'
Library." E. P. Dutton & Co. 50 cts. net.
The Valkyrie (Die Walkure). By Richard Wagner; translated
by Oliver Huckel. Illustrated, 12mo, 96 pages. Thomas Y.
Crowell & Co. 75 cts. net.
DRAMA AND VERSE.
Songs and Poems. Old and New. By William Sharp (Fiona
Macleod). 12mo, 234 pages. Duffield St lo. $1.60 net.
Drake: An English Epic. Books I.-XII. By Alfred Noyes.
Illustrated,8vo, 843 pages. Frederick A. Stokes Co. $1.50net
The Melting Pot: A Drama in Four Acts. By Israel
Zangwill. 12mo. 200 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
From the Book of Life. By Richard Burton. 12mo, 94 rages
Little, Brown, & Co. $1.25 net.
A Round of Rimes. By Denis A. McCarthy. 12mo. Ill pages.
Little, Brown. & Co. $1. net.
David. By Cale Young Rice. 12mo, 128 pages. Doubleday,
Page & Co. $1.25 net.
Dante, and Collected Verse. By George Lansing Raymond.
16mo, 329 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25 net.
The Giant and the Star: Little Annals in Rhyme. By
Madison Cawein. 12mo, 173 pages. Small, Maynard & Co.
$1. net.
The Blushful South and Hlppocrene. By Robert Loveman.
12mo, 80 pages. J. B. Llppincott Co. $1.
FICTION.
Open Country: A Comedy With a Sting. By Maurice
Hewlett. 12mo, 820 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
The City of Beautiful Nonsense. By E. Temple Thurston.
12mo. 346 pages. Dodd. Mead & Co. $1.50.
Veronica Playfalr. By Maud Wilder Goodwin. Illustrated
in color, 12mo, 319 pages. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.60.
The Dominant Dollar. By Will LUlibridge. Illustrated,
12mo. 349 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.60.
The Castle by the Sea. By H. B. Marriott Watson. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 812 pages. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.50.
Big John Baldwin. By Wilson Vance. 12mo, 375 pages.
Henry Holt & Co. $1.60.
The Men of the Mountain. By B. R. Crockett. Illustrated,
12mo, 316 pages. Harper & Brothers. $1.60.
True Tilda. By A. T.Qulller-Couch. l2mo, 401 pages. Charles
.Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
The White Prophet. By Hall Caine. With frontispiece.
12mo. 613 pages. D. Appleton St Co. $1.50.
The Son of Mary Bethel. By Elsa Barker. 12mo, 649 pages,
Duffield Si Co. $1.60.


1909.]
249
THE DIAL
Irene of the Mountains: A Romance of Old Virginia. By
George Cary Eggleston. Illustrated, 12mo, 487 pages.
Lotbrop, Lee & Shepard Co. $1.50.
The Lonely Guard. By Norman Innes. With frontispiece
in color. 12mo, 863 pages. George W. Jacobs A Co. $1.20 net.
The Veil: A Romance of Tunis. By Ethel Stefana Stephens.
l2mo, 885 pages. Frederick A. Stokes Co. f 1.60.
Troxton King: A Story of Gratistark. By George Barr Mc-
Cutcheon; illustrated in color by Harrison Fisher. 12mo,
869 pages. Dodd. Mead & Co. 11.50.
Virginia of the Air Lanes. By Herbert Quick. Illustrated,
i2mo. 424 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.50.
The Land of Long Ago. By Eliza Calvert Hall. Illustrated.
12rao, 296 pages. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.60.
The Lady of Big Shanty. By F. Berkeley Smith. Umo,
823 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.20 net.
Old Clink era: A Story of the New York Fire Department.
By Harvey J. O'Higging. Illustrated, 12mo, 277 pages.
Small, Maynard £ Co. $1.60.
Zandrie. By Maria Edwards Richards. With frontispiece in
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The Faith of hla Fathers: A Story of Some Idealists. By
A. E. Jacomb. 12mo, 874 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.60.
Trespass. By Mrs. Henry Dudeney. 12mo, 884 pages. Small.
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The Homesteaders. By Kate and Virgil D. Boyles: illus-
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McClurg & Co. $1.60.
A Heaping-. By E. F. Benson. 12mo, 292 pages. Doubleday,
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Green Ginger. By Arthur Morrison. 12mo, 314 pages.
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Sir Guy and Lady Rannard, By H. N. Dickinson. 12mo,
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Everybody's Secret. By Dion Clayton Calthrop. l2mo, 846
pages. G. W. Dillingham Co. $1.60.
The Uttermost Farthing. By Mrs. Belloo Lowndes. 12mo,
275 pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $1.60.
The Leopard and the Lily. By Marjorie Bowen. 12mo,
372 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.20 net.
Prlsoilla of the Good Intent. By Halliwell SutcUffe. l2mo.
871 pages. Little. Brown, St Co. $1.60.
Melchisedec. By Ramsey Benson. 12mo, 301 pages. Henry
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Into the Night: A Story of New Orleans. By Frances Nimmo
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The Golden Season. By Myra Kelly. Illustrated. 12mo,
251 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.20 net.
The Game and the Candle. By Eleanor M. Ingram. Illus-
trated, 12mo. 328 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.60.
A Reformer by Proxy. By John Parkinson. 12mo. 340
pages. John Lane Co. $1.60.
The Bill-Toppers. By Andre Castaigne. Illustrated, 12mo,
386 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.60.
The Greater Power. By Harold Bindloss. With frontispiece
in color, 12mo, 828 pages. Frederick A. Stokes Co. $1.80 net.
Ajs It Happened. By Ashton Hilliers. 12mo, 412 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1,35 net.
The Oath of Allegiance, and Other Stories. By Elizabeth
Stuart Phelps. Illustrated, Umo, 374 pages. Houghton
Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
The Rescuer. By Percy White. 12mo, 322 pages. G. W.
Dillingham Co. $1.50.
Along the Way. By William W. Canfield. Illustrated in
color, 12mo, 329 pages. R. F. Fenno & Co. $1.60.
The Disappearing Eye, By Fergus Hume. 12mo, 312 pages.
G. W. Dillingham Co. $1.25.
Marie of Arcady. By F. Hewes Lancaster. With frontispiece,
12mo, 340 pages. Small, Maynard & Co. $1.26.
The Eagle's Nest. By Allan McAulay. 12mo, 364 pages.
John Lane Co. $1.60.
The Shadow between his Shonlder-Blades. By Joel
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Miss Sellna Lue and the Soap-Box Babies. By Maria
Thompson Davies. Illustrated, 12mo, 222 pages. Bobbs-
Merrill Co. $1.
Fa Fllckinger's Folks. By Bessie R. Hoover. Illustrated,
12mo, 273 pages. Harper Si Brothers. $1.
The Thin Santa Claua: The Chicken Yard that Was a
Christmas Stocking. By Ellis Parker Butler. Illustrated.
16mo, 35 pages. Doubleday. Page & Co. 60 cts. net.
One of the Grayjacketa, and Other Stories. By E. C. McCants,
Illustrated, 12mo, 160 pages. Columbia, S. C.: State Com-
pany. $1.
TRAVEL AND ADVENTURE.
Conquering the Arctic, Ioe. By Ejnar Mikkelsen. Illus-
trated, large 8vo, 470 pages. George W. Jacobs & Co. $8.60 net.
The Bretons at Home. By Frances M. Gostling: with Intro-
duction by Anatole Le Braz. Illustrated in color, etc., large
8vo, 304 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $2.60 net.
The Chinese. By John Stuart Thomson. Illustrated in color,
etc., 8vo, 441 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $2.60 net.
Days in Hellas. By Mabel Moore. Illustrated in color, etc.,
I2m<>. 236 pages. George W, Jacobs Si Co. $2. net.
Confessions of a Macedonian Bandit. By Albert Sonnlchsen.
Illustrated, 12mo, 268 pages. Duffield St Co. $1.60 net.
Leaves from a Madeira Garden. By Charles Thomas-
Stanford. Illustrated, i2mo, 289 pages. John Lane Co.
$1.60 net.
Letters from France and Italy. By Arthur Guthrie. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 296 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.25 net.
India: Impressions and Suggestions. By J. Keir Hardie.
12mo. 126 pages. B. W. Huebscb. $1. net.
Americans: An Impression. By Alexander Francis. 8vo,
266 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50 net.
Home Life in All Lands. By Charles Morris. Book II..
Manners and Customs of Uncivilized Peoples. Illustrated.
12mo, 821 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co.
PUBLIC AFFAIRS.
Parenthood and Race Culture: An Outline of Eugenics.
By Caleb Williams Saleeby. 8vo, 889 pages. Moffat, Yard
St Co. $2.60 net.
Men, the Workers. By Henry Demarest Lloyd. With por-
traits. 12 mo, 280 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.60 net.
Municipal Government. By Frank J. Goodnow. Large 8vo.
401 pages. Century Co. $3. net.
The Commonwealth of Australia. By B. R. Wise. Illus-
trated, large Hvo. 355 pages. Little. Brown, & Co. $3.net.
Chinese Immigration. By Mary Roberts Coolidge. 12mo,
631 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.75 net.
Social Development and Education. By M. V. O'Shea.
8vo, 661 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $2. net.
The Ethics of Progress: or, The Theory and Practice by
Which Civilization Proceeds. By Charles F. Dole. 8vo,
898 pages. Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. $1.50 net.
Amerloan Playgrounds: Their Construction, Equipment,
Maintenance, and Utility. Edited by Everett B. Mere.
Second edition; illustrated, large 8vo, 293 pages. Boston t
The Dale Association. $2. net.
RELIGION.
The Making of the English Bible. By Rev. Samuel McComb.
Umo, 187 pages. Moffat, Yard & Co. $1. net.
The Christian Ministry and the Social Order: Lectures
Delivered in the Course in Pastoral Functions at Yale
Divinity School, 1908-9. Edited by Charles S. MacFarland.
Hvo. 303 pages. Yale University Press.
Harper's Library of Living Thought. New vols.: The
Origin of the New Testament, by Dr. William Wrede;
Christianity and Islam, by C. H. Becher; Jesus or Paul t by
Dr. Arnold Meyer: The Life of the Universe, by Svante
Arrhenius, 2 vols. Each 16mo. Harper & Brothers. Per
vol., 75 cts. net.
Christmas Builders. By Charles Edward Jefferson. Illu-
strated, 12mo, 32 pages. Thomas Y. Crowell Si Co. 50 cts. net.
Go Forward. By J. R. Miller. Umo, 46 pages. Thomas Y.
Crowell & Co. 60 cts. net.
PHILOSOPHY.
The Problem of Human Life, as viewed by the Great
Thinkers from Plato to the Present Time. By Rudolf
Eucken; translated by Williston S. Hough and W. R.
Boyce-Gibson. Large ttvo. 682 pages. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $3. net.
On the Tracks of Life: The Immorality of Morality. Trans-
lated from the Italian of Leo G. Sera by J. M. Kennedy; with
an introduction by Dr. Oscar Levy. Hvo. 384 pages. John
Lane Co. $2.60 net.
Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society: New Series,
Vol. IX. Hvo. 259 pages. London: Williams Si Norgate.
The Subconscious Mind. By J. Herman Randall. 16mo,
77 pages. "Philosophy of Life Series." H. M. Caldwell Co.
60 cts.


250
[Oct. 1,
THE
DIAL
SCIENCE.
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Book Selection. By James Douglas Stewart and Olive K.
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1909.]
The American Newspaper. By Jai
12iiio, 213 patera. University of Chicai
The Earliest Cosmologies : A Guide-1
the Study of Ancient Literatures and i
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252
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in love with the daughter of a financier. In search of a fortune sufficient to meet the views of
her father, he has spent years of hardship in Alaska. When he has almost given up hope, he
meets Cherry Malotte—the Cherry of "The Spoilers"—all fire and grit and tenderness, and
;he two join forces.
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THE DIAL
a &nm=iiflontrjl2 Journal of Hi'terarg Criticism, ©iscussaton, ant Information.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the lit and 16th of
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THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office
at Chicago, Illinois, under Act ol March 3,1879.
No. 560.
OCTOBER 16,1909. Vol. XLVII.
Contents.
PAGE
THE REVIVAL OF PAGEANTRY 271
CASUAL COMMENT 272
Extraneous aids to literary production.—The fac-
ulty of idiom-making.—The library of a big-game
hunter in Africa.—Engineering and the classics.—
A supplementary note to " The Art and Science of
Advertising." — The National Education Associa-
tion of the United States.—A distinguished promo-
ter of the art of printing. —- Chicago's civil-service
selection of a librarian.—Glittering gems of caustic
criticism. — Rural appreciation of good literature.
— The happy fortunes of Dr. George Brandes. —
Special library bindings for popular books.—Cram-
ming the mind with poetry.
"ON TEACHING LITERATURE." Alphonso G.
Newcomer 276
COMMUNICATION.
Teaching a Love of Literature. John Erskine . 278
FROM LITERARY LONDON. (Special Correspon-
dence.) Clement K. Shorter 279
CHESTERTON ON SHAW, AND SHAW ON
CHESTERTON. Percy F. BickntU .... 280
THE FOUNDATIONS OF HEREDITY. C.-E. A.
Window 282
MISINTERPRETATIONS OF THE CARLYLES.
Clark S. Northrvp 288
THE CASE OF LOMBROSO. Joseph Jastrow . . 284
THE DOVES PRESS SHAKESPEARE. Waldo M.
Browne 286
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 287
Picturesqneness of the Hudson. — The deeper
meanings of life.—A Christmas masque. — Lights
of the Georgian Era.—A manual for writers of the
short story.—Vernon Lee's latest book of essays.—
Outlines of American literature.
NOTES 290
LIST OF NEW BOOKS 290
THE REVIVAL OF PAGEANTRY.
The academic suburb of Chicago known by
the name of Evanston has not hitherto been
thought of as a focus of romantic possibilities.
Known far and wide as a community in which
sober and godly lives are led, as a university
town in which the student of divinity tempers
by his decorous example the riotous instincts
of the normal barbarian collegian, as a burgh
propped by the moral bulwarks of prohibition
and Methodism, Evanston has long been the
symbol of the prosaic and the pedestrian. It is
true that a pestilent beast popularly styled the
"blind pig " (Sus ccecus) has been thought to
infest its obscurer regions, and has even, report
says, been tracked to its lair by expeditions of
zealous zoologists; but all this may be only a
fable, devised by those malicious minds that are
always impelled to detraction by the spectacle
of the upright and the exemplary. But the
Evanston of these latter days has taken on a
riot of color and spectacular effect that has made
its more staid inhabitants rub their eyes with
wonder at this unprecedented blossoming of
artistic fancy. To speak plainly, there has been
revealed in those parts a pageant of the historical
Northwest, judiciously mingled with devices for
enticing shy coins from their hiding-places (in
the sweet name of charity), and graciously
countenanced and even abetted by the best
suburban society. Already the modest town
is being styled the American Bayreuth, and is
bearing its new honors with the proud conscious-
ness that they have been deserved.
In the matters of picturesque stage-setting
and poetical effect, the pageant has been in the
capable hands of Mr. Donald Robertson and
Mr. Thomas Wood Stevens, whose quality in
this sort was exhibited last spring when the
Renaissance pageant was given at the Art
Institute of Chicago. Such poetry as Mr.
Stevens knows how to write for an affair like
this, recited with Mr. Robertson's art, goes far
toward redeeming the inevitable amateurishness
of such a performance. Nor is material lacking
in the history of the great Northwest. We are
the heirs of a romantic tradition which begins
with the French seekers for the South Sea, goes
on with the dissolving view of a French trans-
formed into an English civilization, includes


272
[Oct. 16,
THE
DIAL
the heroic exploit of George Rogers Clark, and
comes down to things as diversely interesting as
the Blackhawk War and the Wigwam that made
the fortunes of President Lincoln. A sequence
that includes, besides Clark and Lincoln, such
men as Marquette, La Salle, Tonty,and Pontiac,
that makes us acquainted with explorers and
saints, with the heroes of both military and civic
life, is anything but poverty-stricken in its ap-
peal to the imagination.
How admirably Mr. Stevens has put his ma-
terial to poetic use may be illustrated by the
following quotation:
"Peaceful the Black-Gown came, we welcomed him.
He taught his faith; we listened and we loved,
For he was patient, brave, and kind. He lives
In drowsy annals of our winter nights.
But those who followed in the Black-Gown's trail
Brought harsher magic and a hopeless war.
Seeking the paths that we had never trod
They searched the blue horizons for some grim
And desolate issue to forbidden seas;
They spoke to us of mysteries, shoulder-wise
As they with tireless footsteps hastened on.
La Salle, and Tonty of the Iron Hand,
Great Captains in this idle paleface quest,
Came hither long ago, and claimed the ground
For some old king beyond the sunrise. These
Were strong-heart men, these finders of the way
Who hunted the great rivers to their ends, —
Stern foes, whom fear could never shake. Behold
Wan children of the sheltered lodges, these
Who faced the mystery with dauntless eyes
And trod our trails out with intrepid feet,
The Captains of the white man's outer march."
The Evanston pageant has been, of course,
but a small affair in comparison with the recent
doings on the Hudson River and Lake Cham-
plain, or with last year's superb commemoration
of the founding of Quebec. But it has its place
in the series of recent demonstrations that
have sought to realize the past for a generation
which seems suddenly to have been aroused to
the consciousness that the American past is by
no means contemptible from the romantic point
of view. The annals of early America have
seemed dull only because their possibilities were
long unrealized; they have had to wait until
our own time for the significant expression that
gives color and vitality to the annals of any age.
For the unfolding of their charms our chief
debt is due to Parkman, who first brought us to
understand how magnificent a drama had been
enacted upon this new-world stage. But many
others have also helped to vivify our historical
inheritance, until we have at last come to view
it with new insight, and to know that the old
world by no means has a monopoly of thrilling
situations and romantic happenings.
The historical pageant has a highly important
educational function, and we are glad that its
possibilities have become so generally apparent.
Modern education knows how important it is to
quicken the understanding by bringing the eye
to its aid. We sometimes go too far in this
respect, no doubt, forgetting that vision is only
an adjunct to intelligence, and by no means a
substitute therefor. To many people the read-
ing of newspapers has come to be a scanning of
cuts and head-lines only, and to many children
the pictures in their school-books prove so dis-
tracting that the text is slighted. Excessive
attention to the pictorial aspect of an historical
theme tends to produce flabbiness of mind, en-
couraging indolent receptivity at the expense of
sharp intellectual reaction. But the picture or
the spectacle, taken in its properly subordinated
relation to the fact or the idea, may aid marvel-
lously in bringing the latter home. The pageant,
which is primarily a series of moving pictures,
is calculated to stir the most lethargic mind to
interest. The symbols of the printed page be-
come matters of real human concern when thus
informed with life. And when nature lends a
hand, as in the case of the Hudson River and
the Rock of Quebec, supplying the actual scenes
where great deeds were once wrought, the spec-
tacle of the pageant acquires an impressiveness
of which the depth and the enduring character
are not easily to be measured. It is well that
men should from time to time be made to feel
how firmly the present is linked with the past;
forgetfulness of this fact constitutes perhaps the
chief danger of our restless modern life.
CASUAL COMMENT.
Extraneous aids to litekaky production, as
we find them adopted by various celebrated authors,
often provoke a smile of amusement, so very like to
solemn fooling do they seem. Dickens is said to
have sought inspiration from a number of quaint
little bronze figures that he kept on his writing-table.
Ibsen maintained a similar company of puppets.
Bulwer Lytton had to clothe himself in fine array
before the muse would visit him, whereas Mr.
Thomas Hardy is reported as finding the removal
of footgear conducive to a free flow of ideas. The
Hungarian novelist J6kai was reduced to sterility
and despair whenever his supply of violet ink gave
out, and all the world knows that the philosopher
Kant was so troubled when the trees grew to such a
height as to hide an old tower on which he had been
wont to fix his gaze in moods of metaphysical specu-
lation, that he was forced to request the cutting away
of the obstructive foliage. Malebranche, Hobbes,


1909.]
273
THE
DIAL
and Corneille required a penumbra for the incuba-
tion of their ideas, and were wont to darken their
studies in the daytime. Zola also pulled down the
blinds, but at the same time turned on the gas jets
and flooded his room with artificial light, having in
his struggling days been in the habit of writing far
into the night, so that daylight had become disso-
ciated with literary work. Richter, on the other
hand, and Ouida wrote best in the radiance of the
early morning sun and in the open air. Gray in-
voked the muse with a page or two of Spenser.
Oliver Wendell Holmes needed to feel a pen in his
hand, as a sort of conductor of ideas, before his verse
or prose would flow. Miss Carolyn Wells has indi-
cated the various kinds of candy that may be appro-
priately indulged in as a prelude to various kinds of
literary effort. Dr. Johnson, while writing his
dictionary, derived assistance from orange peel and
tea, while the purring of a cat on his table was a
further aid. Sheridan liked to have a bottle of good
wine beside him as he wrote, and in this he was not
peculiar; but he also required the stimulus of brilliant
lights all about him. Douglas Jerrold tolerated no
litter on his desk; all was immaculate there, his ink-
stand resting in a marble shell, and his little dog
curled up at his feet. Sardou always wrote his plays
first on little scraps of paper, then on foolscap.
Milton and Warburton shared the same peculiarity,
a fondness for organ strains as the best means to
induce the mood for high literary endeavor. Buffon
scorned all meretricious aids, his desk and chair and
writing materials being the sole furnishings of his
study. Thus it appears that the would-be great
writer can hardly go wrong in choosing his method
of work. Whatever oddity or commonplaceness he
adopts, he is pretty sure to find distinguished
precedent for his choice.
• B •
The faculty of idiom-making — or, as some
might differently express it, a genius for slang — is
quite extensively credited to Americans, and not
unjustly. What other language than our own
"American-English" can show anything to com-
pare with the breezy freedom and picturesque apt-
ness of some of our western idioms, and with the
homely and concise expressiveness of our Yankee-
isms? The Manchester "Guardian," commenting
on this subject, acknowledges the English indebted-
ness to America. "Lately we have become very
apt pupils of American phrase-makers," it says. "It
is almost good colloquial English to say that a thing
is 'up to so-and-so,' meaning that it is so-and-so's
concern. Even as an Americanism we believe this
phrase is fairly recent. Almost as freely we speak
of a person as being 'up against' an obstacle or an
opponent — a very expressive phrase with no ade-
quate equivalent in elegant English. . . . Our recent
readiness to adopt Americanisms is not an unhealthy
tendency if we adopt them not as mere novelties in
slang, but for the sake of their liveliness and force.
Perhaps it would be a still healthier sign to make a
few new idioms for ourselves." In somewhat differ-
ent vein, and betraying less accurate information, a
writer in the London "Nation" comments on our
supposed use of "I swan." "I frequently ask my
American friends," says this writer, "if they can give
the derivation of 'I swan,' and never yet have I
heard even an attempt to do so. Fifty years ago' I
swan ' was in regular use by poets and novelists, and
to-day it is employed in current American speech,
though a certain class of Americans seem to find it
necessary to apologize for the use of what they think
is slang." Then we are confidently assured that it
is not slang, but merely a corruption of "I warrant
you," through " I'se warrant," "A's warn," of the
Liddesdale farmer. Thus what has been considered
a bit of Yankee slang turns out to be an idiom of the
Scottish border that " fifty years ago . . . was in
regular use by poets and novelists." Henceforth,
our polite circles of Boston, or Chicago, or Kalama-
zoo, or any other centre of refinement and culture,
may feel at liberty to continue the daily use of "I
swan," but with no longer any need of the hitherto
customary apology. What a relief!
• • •
The library of a big-game hunter in Africa
might fairly be expected to abound in the literature
of the chase, and it was doubtless with such expec-
tations that many readers of Mr. Roosevelt's African
article in the current " Scribner's Magazine " turned
to the catalogue of the " Pigskin Library" at its
close. But there is not a trace of any such litera-
ture to be found in the fifty-three works chosen by
the ex-President and his son to solace their idle
hours in the tropic wilds. Apart from Mark Twain's
"Tom Sawyer" and '' Huckleberry Finn," and some
of Scott's, Poe's, Bret Harte's, and Cooper's fiction,
the selections appear to represent the father's rather
than the son's literary likings; and these likings are
well known to be catholic and comprehensive. It
is a little surprising, however, omnivorous though
Mr. Roosevelt is in his reading, to see him carrying
all the way to East Africa the apocryphal portions
of the Bible, and Carlyle's "Frederick the Great,"
as well as Gregorovius's " Rome," Spenser's " Faerie
Queene," Dante's " Inferno," and u La Chanson de
Roland." But on the whole he has with him a very
inviting company of the world's best authors, and
more of them than most of us will get time to look
into within the period of this famous hunting excur-
sion. "The Pigskin Library," edited by Theodore
Roosevelt, might not be a bad venture for some
enterprising publisher, especially if he could an-
nounce the volumes as bound in skins of the distin-
guished editor's own procuring.
• • ■
Engineering and the classics are declared by
Dr. Charles P. Steinmetz, a prominent member of
the American Institute of Civil Engineers, which
recently held its annual convention, to be not so
mutually hostile as many have imagined. He main-
tains that the general educational training necessary
for handling the problems of modern life is much the
same for every profession, and that the engineer


274
[Oct. 16,
THE
DIAL
needs to lay as broad a foundation as the lawyer,
the doctor, or the clergyman. The power of intense
application and concentration acquired by wrestling
with Greek and Latin he regards as especially
valuable for the engineer, and as obtainable in no
other way so well as by the safe and sure road long
ago unwittingly built for generations of unborn
schoolboys by Nepos, Ciesar, Xenophon, & Co. The
engineer's work, moreover, it is argued, tends to
make him one-sided and narrow-minded, and he
needs the corrective influence of the so-called cul-
tural studies to enlarge his view. A further reason
why he should be a classical scholar is found in the
great and rapidly increasing number of scientific
terms derived from the Greek, and, to a less extent,
from the Latin. It is a pleasing picture we seem
to get from this broad-minded man of science, of
the liberally educated civil engineer, his theodolite
over his shoulder and his Theocritus under his arm,
pursuing his calling with outlook extending far
beyond his measuring chain, and ideas too large to be
expressed in the figures jotted down in his note-book.
Of course Dr. Steinmetz is not the first one, and we
hope he will not be the last, to emphasize the desir-
ability of being a whole man before becoming either
an engineer or a statesman, an orator or a poet, a
mechanic or a millionaire.
• • •
A SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE TO "THE ART ANT)
Science of Advertising," Mr. George French's
instructive book recently reviewed by us, is suggested
by the ingenious scheme of a St. Louis manufacturer
to get his name before the public. Noting with
regret that" old-fashioned chivalry toward women"
is rapidly declining in his own city, and that the
decline is even more precipitate in New York and
Chicago, this trans-Mississippi champion of the
weaker sex is distributing "true-blue buttons," which
will indicate to any woman entering a street-car that
the wearer of such button is a pattern of chivalry
and is eagerly awaiting an opportunity to prove it
by resigning to her his seat, if he has one. A speedy
cure to bad manners is all but guaranteed to any
man who will wear the button for a week: "he
will become fixed in old-fashioned chivalry toward
women "—and at the same time the manufacturer's
name, displayed on the button, will become fixed in
the minds of numerous observers. Thus are we
taught a neat little lesson in the difficult art not only
of advertising, but also of worshipping both manners
and mammon at the same time — of killing two birds
with one button, so to speak.
■ • ■
The National Education Association of the
United States is a large and influential organization,
with manifold activities and great powers for good.
It has many departments for special work, among
which the Library Department has had considerable
prominence, as affording opportunities for teachers
and librarians to get together and discuss matters
of practical concern to both classes of workers in the
broad field of public instruction. Now that this
Library Department has grown from its small begin-
nings in 1896, until its meetings have become among
the most interesting and best attended of all the
departments of the Education Association, it seems
a pity that it should be abolished, as has been pro-
posed by the Executive Committee of the Associa-
tion, in its plans for reorganization. The object, of
course, is to simplify the affairs and proceedings of
the Association; but it seems as if this might be
done in some better way. Not unnaturally, the
librarians of the country are opposing the action,
and pleading for a stay of proceedings until they
can present their side of the question. It is to be
hoped that their arguments will receive a careful
hearing. This branch of educational work is more
distinctive, and certainly not less important, than
many others that are allowed to continue the enjoy-
ment of old-time privileges in the councils of the
Association. . . •
A distinguished promoter of the art of
printing, Robert Hoe, head of the firm of R. Hoe
& Co., and perfecter of the marvellous sextuple
cylinder machine that prints, cuts, pastes, folds,
counts, and delivers from twenty-four thousand to
seventy-two thousand newspapers an hour, according
to the number of pages in each copy, died in London
a few weeks ago, at the age of seventy. His service
to the cause of letters in helping to make possible
the cheap and voluminous modern newspaper, includ-
ing its colored supplement, may be of questionable
value; but his ingenuity and energy cannot fail to
win our admiration. Besides being an inventor and
a conspicuously successful business man, he was a
writer on the history and development of printing,
and also a collector of early books and other rare
specimens of primitive printing. This collection is
said to be worth as much as a million dollars. Mr.
Hoe had the quietness and unobtrusiveness of the
man of deeds rather than words, but a few of his
words of wisdom have gained currency; as, for
example, "Concentration is the first condition of
success," and "Get behind a thing and push it;
don't put yourself in front and pull."
• • •
CHICAGO'8 CIVIL-SERVICE SELECTION OF A LIBRA-
RIAN, the exact method of which has already been
explained by us, was made public on the first of
the month. Mr. Henry E. Legler, secretary of the
Wisconsin Free Library Commission, and president
of the publishing board, of the executive board, and
of the national council of the American Library Asso-
ciation, is the successful candidate. He has accepted
the call, as was of course to be expected from his
consenting to enter the competition. Mr. Legler is
an Italian by birth, a Swiss by early education, but
an American by later school-training and by subse-
quent residence and professional activity in this
country. Before taking up library work he tried
his hand not unsuccessfully at journalism, including
the mechanical details of printing, at politics (he was
elected to the Wisconsin legislature in 1889), and
at public school committee-work; and he has also


1909.]
275
THE
DIAL
produced a number of biographical and historical
works, besides writing of late on library matters.
He is in the prime of middle life, and is regarded
by those who know him as exceptionally well-fitted
for his high office. It is interesting to note that the
accepted candidate lacks a library-school training,
and has never even served behind a delivery desk
or as the presiding genius of a reference room. But
he proved his aptitude for library administration
when, as member of the Milwaukee school board, he
instituted the close cooperation between schools and
the library which has since served as a model for
other cities. "Library extension," it seems, is to be
the watchword of the new library administration in
Chicago.
Glittering gems of caustic criticism, from
the mordant pen of George Meredith, long a
"reader" to the publishing house of Chapman and
Hall, have been exhumed from the dark unfathomed
caves of the firm's business records, and are given
a setting in the pages of "The Fortnightly Review."
A few of these brilliants we venture to display. "A
mere wisp of a tale" is the sufficient condemna-
tion of one unlucky manuscript; "vaporish stuff,"
that of another. "Anstey might have made the
subject amusing. This writer is an elephant," runs
still a third merciless verdict. "Might gain a prize
for dulness;" "Feebler stuff than this might be
written, but would tax an ape;" ""Written in a queer
old maundering style; poor stuff, respectable in the
mouth of one's grandmother;" "An infernal ro-
mance;" "Cockneyish dialogue, gutter English, ill-
contrived incidents, done in daubs," — thus are the
hopes of various unnamed literary aspirants blasted,
for the time being, by this hard-hearted reader.
His own sensitiveness to adverse criticism is a signi-
ficant fact in this connection, — so often is the
highest power to sting united with the keenest
susceptibility of pricks from hostile shafts.
• • •
Rural appreciation of good literature
is made the subject of a recent newspaper editorial,
and the query is offered whether urban sophistication
does not "quench the thirst for the Muse." The
simple life of the country and the reading of good
old books do seem to go well together. "We know
of one typical bookcase," proceeds the writer already
quoted, "in a hamlet far from the railroad, wherein
at least half the books are volumes of poetry. We
give the list as they stood upon the shelf: Matthew
Arnold, Whittier, Longfellow, Browning, John G.
Saxe, Mrs. Browning, Scott, Tennyson, George Eliot,
Goldsmith, Mrs. Hemans, Milton, Dryden, Will
Carleton, Coleridge, Alice and Pbcebe Cary, and
Holmes. The range is perhaps the best thing about
this list. And the books are not mere mural decora-
tion; they are well-thumbed." The writer also takes
pleasure in recalling "an actual farmer " who re-
marked: "No more books for me in hayin' time. I
was readin'' Last o' th' Mohicans ' last summer, an'
I could n't hardly stop to get m' hay in." "We too
can recall "an actual farmer " who was a reader of
books, but whose taste was a grade higher than that
of this Cooper enthusiast Shakespeare and Scott
were our farmer's favorites, and he sat up nights, in
the winter, to read his well-worn editions of their
works.
• ■ •
The happy fortunes of Dr. George Brandes
— not the sad fortunes that have been going the
rounds of the newspapers for the benefit of credu-
lous readers — should cause his friends and admirers
to rejoice. In a letter to the editor who lately pub-
lished the amazing myth of his unsuccess and impe-
cuniosity, he writes to contradict the various false
statements and to declare himself on the best of
terms with his publishers and the reading world. He
says, among other things: "I have been fortunate
in finding a large public for my works both at home
and abroad. A number of my thirty different
volumes have been issued in many separate editions,
and of my recently collected works six thousand sets
have already been sold. . . . My collected works
have appeared in Russia in several editions, and of
my 'Life of Shakespeare' several thousand copies
have been sold in England and America, where it
seems to have become, in a way, a standard work."
On the whole, then, any movement to pass round
the hat for this distinguished Danish writer's benefit
may now be suspended as premature and needless.
Special library bindings for popular books
are doubtless advisable on the score of both economy
and appearance. Mr. Le Roy Jeffers, head of the
order department of the New York Public Library,
has prepared an extensive " Reference List of Titles
Suggested for a Special Library Binding," which is
already " in active use in 180 of the largest libraries
in the country." The issue of some of these books
in more than one edition, at different prices, is care-
fully noted, and every effort has apparently been
made to render the list serviceable. Fiction natur-
ally predominates, with poetry and other polite liter-
ature in second place. Some little arbitrariness of
choice cannot but occur, as, for example, the inclu-
sion of twenty-nine of Miss Rosa Nouchette Carey's
novels, and the exclusion of all of Mr. William E.
Norris's. The list fills a pamphlet of 125 pages.
• • •
Cramming the mind with poetry is not exactly
the best way, one would think, to induce a love of
poetry, when there is no urgent craving to start with.
Nevertheless a recent graduate of Harvard, deplor-
ing the modern utilitarian and scientific trend of
college education, thus frankly expresses his sense
of a lack in his own academic training: "If they
had only crowded more poetry into my system while
I was in college, there might have been some left in
me now." With the inauguration of President
Lowell this month as head of Harvard University
the hope is finding expression that some return to
the old system of prescribed "humanities" may be
effected.


276
[Oct. 16,
THE
DIAL
"ON TEACHING LITER A TUBE."
BY ONE WHO TRIES TO TEACH IT.
Why does not some one ask, Can science be
taught? It is presumably superior to literature for
this purpose, because it is a body of fairly definite
ascertained facts and more or less tenable theories.
But these are things to be told; and is telling teach-
ing? Where are all the fine old implications of the
word, if any man who has found out something by
study may become a teacher by telling what he has
found? Should not teaching still be the counterpart
of learning rather than of study? And whereas we
acquire knowledge, we learn wisdom. On this
ground may we not reasonably hold that literature,
which is the depository of human wisdom, is emi-
nently the teacher's field?
We have heard the objections. There are the
Knowledges, and there are the Arts, and for the rest
there is moonshine; and to talk of teaching being
anything else than imparting either knowledge or
skill is to talk nonsense. But before we consider
this, let us put aside all suspicion of quibbling. Let
us make the word "teach" as broad as anyone
pleases; admit that to impart knowledge is to teach
it (and the pupil also); consider even that he who
does no more than set pupils a task and use physi-
cal measures to see that they perform it, is also a
teacher. Or, better still, let us omit the word from
the statement of the problem. Then the question
becomes simply: Can we in the schools do anything
at all with literature? and is it worth while?
Curiously enough, the greatest sceptics would
appear to be among those who have the cause of
letters most at heart. Perhaps their own acquaint-
ance was made in solitude, and they cannot brook
the idea of a formal introduction to the wayward
Muse. Or perhaps they have seen the introduction
attempted by one who was chiefly interested in the
cut of the Muse's clothes. "Now this classic knot
was tied by Boileau; and you shall see pretty soon
where that starched ruff came from." These things
are so clear when they are once seen, and so easily
communicable. And how boundless the field that
is opened! Think what discoveries may be made!
We know now that the germs of "Paradise Lost"
are in Csedmon, Andreini, and Vondel; literary par-
allels make it certain that Wordsworth sometimes
composed with his eye on a book; we find that in
earliest Roman art and letters the wheel of Fortune
did not revolve; we are almost certain that the orig-
inal goose honked high, and we may hope some day
to identify the goose.
But literature must not be held responsible for all
the diversions practised in its name. Doubtless all
things are at times sadly enough mistaught. Litera-
ture suffers especially, because of its comprehensive-
ness and vague definition. On the one hand it is a
thing of record, a body of accumulated material whose
medium is language; and language has a continu-
ous life-history, falling, like other living things, into
orders and families, into genera and species. To the
philologist who conducts his investigations in this
field in a sanely historical and scientific spirit, all
honor is due, and literature is under deep obligations
to him, — though the philologist, I conceive, is not
primarily either a student or teacher of literature.
On the other hand, literature is in itself an art, even
in considerable measure a craft; and everybody
admits that a craft can be taught. As a matter of
fact, the craft of letters in its humbler aspect is
daily taught to thousands of students of English com-
position. But this again is not what is meant. The
field of contention is that existing body of classical
literature, imaginative and (as the phrase of simpler
days has it) inspired, which no one lias the temerity
to attempt to teach as an art, and into which the
curious incursions of the philologist seem often so
pitifully inept. Here is the shadowy middle ground—
the misty mid-region of Weir — where our profes-
sors of literature would take their stand and pose
as high priests of the holy of holies. Very natur-
ally, those who are already endowed with the faculty
to understand want no such intervention. When they
can listen to the Prophet, shall the Professor speak?
Yet here the Professor finds his vocation. For
the generously endowed appear to be few. Of
course those, on the other hand, who are quite
incapable of instruction, must, as in everything else,
be passed by. But human faculties are not strati-
fied; they rise and sink in an infinite scale. Some
men mount by native impulse to the highest and
best in life and art; others climb by painful degrees.
And while some of these latter might attain in the
end by their own efforts, with help they will surely
attain the sooner. And many may catch some sight
of the goal who would never have done so unaided.
Understanding is a necessary condition of all
enjoyment above the sensual rank, and the under-
standing is always open to assistance. At the very
approach to literature, if it be in any degree subtle,
abstruse, or archaic, there is the bar of inadequate
knowledge. Many who are competent to enjoy are
not yet able to read; and they must be instructed.
Take the case of the archaic. Experience shows how
hard it is for the uninstructed to divest any word in
their vocabulary of the meaning which it has always
borne to them. My class in the Mort Darthur reads:
"It aeemeth me, said Sir Launcelot, this siege [chair]
ought to be fMfilled this same day, for this is the feast of
Pentecost after the four hundred and four and fifty year;
and if it would please all parties, I would none of these letters
were seen this day, till he be come that ought to achieve
this adventure. Then made they to ordain a cloth of silk
for to cover these letters in the siege perilous."
Immediately I discover that they think the word
"fulfil" refers to the prophecy that is about to be
fulfilled, — though Malory meant merely that the
chair would be filled, or find its rightful occupant.
And the cloth of silk which was "ordained " under-
went, they imagine, some kind of ceremony or con-
secration; whereas it was simply ordered to be made,
in all probability by some needlewoman. It requires
a discourse of considerable length — on feudalism,
on chivalry, and on Old-World social distinctions—


1909.]
277
THE DIAL
to remove from the minds of the unacquainted their
false conception of Spenser's " gentle knight" and
substitute the true one. Few but teachers know how
very far Shakespeare's language is from being
modern, and how very far therefore the ordinary
reader is from really understanding him. Suppose
you who love your Shakespeare without studying
him attempt to read some passage to a Shakespearian
student and see how quickly he will find you astray.
Even Charles Lamb begins to require elucidation.
Only those who are content to enjoy with a partial
understanding will maintain that there is no office
here for the skilled interpreter. Nor is it the office
of merely philological explanation. The philologist,
with his exact science of forms and constructions,
his etymologies and syntaxes, holds a somewhat
separate ground from that of the interpreter, who
applies to the subtle meanings of words, and the
individual colorings they acquire, tests of a very dif-
ferent order. Yet if any philologist were disposed to
be jealous of this distinction—as I think none would
be — we may be content to resign this part of the
field entirely into his hands, to be called by his own
name. The point is that there is an abundance of
work to do here in merely laying the approaches to
literature; and it might well occupy the major part
of some years of elementary instruction.
A step beyond this is the service of telling another
what to look for. You listen to a lecture by a geol-
ogist who discourses of valley formations, — how
this narrow steep-sided canyon has been formed by
erosion, how those long straight parallel valleys are
the result of faulting, how this other broad level-
floored vale is in reality a silted-up lake, — and the
next time you go to the mountains your old haunts
take on a novel interest, because you have been told
what to see. Why should such instruction be grate-
fully received from the scientist and not from the
teacher of literature? A pupil of mine calls atten-
tion to the fact that a line in Spenser has caught
his fancy—the line in which Sansjoy, having been
miraculously delivered from the Redcross Knight,
"Lay covered with inchaunted cloud all day."
Straightway the line, which I had often passed over
without notice, takes on for me too a certain lin-
gering charm. Perhaps I in turn can communicate
something of the impression always left on my
imagination by the conclusion of the ballad of Sir
Patrick Spens,—that picture, drawn at a stroke, of
the eternal burial-place beneath the sea, where, half
over to Aberdour, the faithful master and his men
went down in fifty fathoms of water:
"And thair lies guid Sir Patrick Spens,
Wi' the Scots lords at his feit."
Or perhaps I can give an added emphasis to the
example, in the same ballad, of duty heroically per-
formed, by showing that Sir Patrick, — who, after
exclaiming against the rigor of the king's order in
sending him to sea in the stormy season, goes never-
theless, — is doing precisely as the three hundred did
at Balaclava, whom Tennyson has commemorated
with more elaborate circumstance in his " Was there
a man dismayed ?" and "Theirs not to make reply."
I take up the play of "Julius Caesar," and am trans-
ported in imagination to the time and scene of one of
the greatest crises in history; and as I am hurried
along through the warring forces of the wavering
ambition of Caesar, the fanatic patriotism of Brutus,
and the fatuous fickleness of the mob, the sense of a
crumbling state grows upon me until it seems as if
the very world were toppling to its ruin. May I not
try to impart something of this sense to another who,
it may be, has as yet seen in the drama only some
pretty stage effects and some rhetorical speeches?
If it still be argued that this is only to tell,—to tell
what i" have seen or felt, — and not yet to teach in
any such high sense as was hinted at in the begin-
ning, I would reply that the service does not end
here. For there is stimulus in seeing what another
has seen, incentive to see also for one's self. So
your scientist, communicating only what he has
learned from another, coldly handing on certain
elements of common knowledge, may pass for a
teacher; but when, after patient research, he has
made his own discoveries, he is in a position to
assume the priestly office; and if, by the confidence
and enthusiasm of his communication, he can impart
to another the same zeal, inspiring him to go and do
likewise, then, and perhaps only then, has he really
read his title clear. For to communicate the en-
thusiasm for understanding, for discovery, and for
growth, is, in intellectual matters, one of the highest
functions of the teacher, and it is a function as surely
exercisable in the field of letters as in any field under
the sun.
Let us go yet a step further. Since great litera-
ture is wrought of the very substance of life, it has
in it the elements of ultimate truth and becomes of
universal import. And the difference between know-
ledge and wisdom, I take it, is the difference between
knowing truths and seeing truth, between knowing
facts and understanding life. To dwell, therefore,
upon this aspect of literature is only less instructive
than to observe life itself. For looking on is a part
of experience; and to look on in imagination, when
the imagination is sufficiently sharpened, does not
differ very materially from looking on in fact. In
all such literature, then, as is fundamentally a criti-
cism of life, the teacher finds his greatest oppor-
tunity. Being by both experience and study more
deeply versed in life than his pupils, he is in a posi-
tion to assist them more rapidly to something of the
same insight and sympathy. It may be that few
pupils who have not themselves passed middle age
can comprehend what insight there is in Words-
worth's simple and touching description of the aging
couple in the poem of "Michael " over whom many
seasons of domestic toil have passed, leaving them
"neither gay perhaps,
Nor cheerful, yet with objects and with hopes,
Living a life of eager industry."
Yet Wordsworth had attained to this insight before
thirty; and at the very least, some sense of it may
be so infixed in the pupil's memory that when he


278
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
arrives at the stage of comprehension it will recur
to him with accrued beauty and power. There is no
need to argue the possibility of bringing home to any
ordinarily susceptible sensibilities, young or old, the
noble despair of Mark Antony:
"Hark! the land bids me tread no more upon't;
It ia ashamed to bear me. Friends, come hither;
I am so lated in the world that I
Have lost my way for ever;"
or the equally noble stoicism of Octavius giving
counsel to his sister — counsel little suited to any
woman but a Roman:
"Cheer your heart:
Be you not troubled with the time, which drives
O'er your oontent these strong necessities;
But let determined things to destiny
Hold unbewail'd their way."
Deeper criticism of life than this it is not easy to
conceive. And suppose it be admitted that in set-
ting forth these things the teacher is performing only
the office of a showman; with such contents of his
show-box he is a showman glorified. That it is use-
less to thrust them before the eyes of those who
would not see them for themselves, I personally can-
not for a moment admit; I know too well how much
I am myself indebted to two or three genuine
teachers of literature. The service can be done.
Into any discussion of whether it is worth doing, I
refuse to go.
The above was suggested by the title of Mr.
Charles Leonard Moore's article in The Dial,* and
was written before that article was read. Now that
I read it I am glad to see that it does not contain so
much dissent as I had half expected to find. Of course
Mr. Moore has his caveats, as we all have. "But,"
runs one in the very first sentence, " to teach litera-
ture is a good deal like trying to teach life itself."
Just so. Yet this is precisely what the world's
greatest teachers have tried to do; when I spoke of
the fine old implications of the word, I had in mind
nothing other than this. Nor do I think Mr. Moore
means to imply the impossibility of it, but only the
difficulty. We know it will be imperfectly done.
Teaching is no sufficient substitute for experience.
It may, however, be a valuable supplement, — other-
wise it were folly for the world to hoard its wisdom.
Rasselas will not always listen to Imlac, remaining
forever in the Happy Valley; but when he goes
forth to explore the world, he does well to take the
sage along.
*' Absolute realization, transcendent power," says
Mr. Moore again, "are the main goals of literature."
And sometimes, indeed, in the hands of the masters,
the goals seem nearly reached, the realization all
but absolute. To a realization of this realization I
have insisted that many can be brought by the simple
means of human help. To me this is almost axio-
matic; and on the subject of method I prefer to
remain silent. I judge that we who teach are not
always nearly so much concerned with method as
others think we must be; in this field especially
•October 1, 1909.
am I distrustful of those who advance any very defi-
nite preconceived method. And indeed Mr. Moore,
after setting forth so alluringly his own air-drawn
method, dismisses it with a touch of pleasant irony
that discloses a like distrust.
Alphonso G. Newcomer.
Stanford Univertity, October 5, 1909.
COMMUNICA TION.
TEACHING A LOVE OF LITERATURE.
(To the Editor of Thb Dial.)
Mr. Moore's interesting article "On Teaching Liter-
ature," in your issue for October 1, seems to me to take
the critic's rather than the teacher's point of view. It
would be desirable indeed to start the boys off with a
course calculated to make them "realize that literature
is a fine art "; and then to jump them from these studies
in "the near and the minute " to " the consideration of
the large and the remote"; and finally to impress upon
them the significance in literature of the individual and
the universal mood. The spirit of Mr. Moore's sugges-
tions is very fine. But it is an article of my teaching
creed that the approach to literature is as personal a
matter for each student in the clsss as it would be for
the untaught man out in the world. You cannot foretell
at what book or poem, or phrase even, a particular soul
will kindle. My own experience leads me to conclude
that most boys appreciate the big things in literature
before they have eyes for matters of art and craft; so
that I should place Mr. Moore's second course before his
first, were I following his plan. But there undoubtedly
are a minority of students who come at the craftsman-
ship first; for them the change would be unfortunate.
The proper method, to my mind, is very simple, but
few teachers follow it. I should put into the introduc-
tory courses as many books of as many kinds as I could
— reproducing in a highly selected way the varied pan-
orama of the interests of life. I should try to indicate
the peculiar point of view of each kind of book, as I
came to it, — without passing judgment upon it, or set-
ting it above or below another kind. If such a course
presents sufficient variety, the student is likely to find
what his own temper needs. From that moment I be-
lieve he is "introduced" to literature; and any later
critical information he acquires, no matter how helpful,
is of secondary importance.
The more the teacher is simply a lover of books, the
greater will be his success. The love of books, like any
other passion, has a kindling power; but critical schemes
have none to speak of. Most of our teachers of liter-
ture, in my opinion, are lovers of critical theories more
or less unsound; too few of them are hearty lovers of
the great books they pretend to " teach." If you are
committed to a theory of the novel that can best be illus-
trated by Henry James, you are not likely to lure your
classes to a love of Fielding or Scott or Dickens.
If my plan is even simpler on paper than Mr. Moore's,
I am ready to admit that it is far more difficult of exe-
cution. It demands of the ideal teacher imaginative
sympathy with every student and every book; perhaps
it demands of him also a poet's eloquence. But it is the
right ideal for a teacher to fall short of, if one must fall
short. John Erskine.
Columbia Univertiti/, October 4, 1909.


1909.]
279
THE DIAL.
FROM LITERARY LONDON.
(Special Correspondence of The Dial.)
I never accept very readily the charge of plagiar-
ism that is frequently brought against authors. Such
charges can be made very elaborately upon very
slight data. To anyone familiar with the currents
of literary life, it is quite apparent that the same idea
may occur almost simultaneously to two or three
people. This is most in evidence in the case of a
short story, where an idea that might be thought
absolutely original has inspired, almost at the same
time, two people far apart. Not less remarkable
are coincidences in the titles of books. Again and
again we have seen two publishers announcing a
book well-nigh identical in character, and sometimes
even in name. The last case that has come before
me was in the recent publication of a work entitled
"Napoleon's Marshals." It was a well-written,
carefully-compiled volume, — disfigured, as I think,
by an anti-Napoleon bias, but packed with details
concerning the eminent men who assisted Bonaparte
in his great career. Yet there was at the same
moment another book being written with equal care,
which it was intended should bear the same name;
for it also was a story of the Marshals of the first
Empire. This second writer has now had to look
around for a new title, and is calling his book
"Napoleon's Empire-Builders," which perhaps, after
all, is just as good a title as that of the rival work;
but what a strange coincidence it is!
Equally regrettable are the many publishers'
projects which are injured by this misfortune of co-
incidence. I remember, on one occasion, Mr. David
Nutt projected an edition of Howell's "Familiar
Letters," under the editorship of Mr. Joseph Jacobs.
There had not been an edition of this book for fifty
years; yet only a few weeks before Mr. Nutt's great
undertaking was to appear, another publisher sent
forth a much cheaper issue of it to the world. Mr.
Nutt was persuaded at the time that someone had
betrayed the secret of his projected book; but I,
who was behind the scenes, know that this was not
the case. Such things are constantly happening.
At this moment, for example, the Cambridge Uni-
versity Press is publishing a complete edition of the
plays of Beaumont and Fletcher in ten volumes,
edited by Arnold Glover, and the firm of George
Bell & Son is also issuing the same works in a splen-
did library edition in twelve volumes, edited by Mr.
A. H. Bullen. Both these sets of the plays must
have been projected some years ago, and quite inde-
pendently of each other. It is not likely, however,
that there is room for both of them. The demand
for the plays of Beaumont and Fletcher must be very
limited, and it is deplorable that there should be
rival editions, each in so attractive a form.
Another case that occurs to me is that of the
"Memoirs of the Comte de Grammont." Sir Walter
Scott was responsible for an edition of this wonder-
ful book, in 1811. It was issued again, in Bonn's
Library, in 1846. In 1889 Mr. John Nimmo pro-
duced the book much more handsomely. For nearly
twenty years there was no further edition, but quite
recently two separate firms published the memoirs
again — in the same week!
Perhaps the very latest case of this kind is that
of a young Scot who with great elaboration had pre-
pared a book upon Margaret Gordon, Carlyle's first
love. Before he had found a publisher, an American
author came into the field with a similar book bear-
ing precisely the same title; and this book Mr. John
Lane has just published in England. Many of us
will find it hard to believe that Margaret Gordon
was worth one volume, let alone two. The idea that
she was the "Blumine" of "Sartor Resartus" has
been quite exploded by Mr. Alexander Carlyle, who
makes it clear that all the lovely episodes presented
in reference to Blumine were based upon circum-
stances connected with Jane Welsh, who became
Carlyle's wife. In any case, the misfortune of the
young Scottish author commands our sympathy.
There has naturally been a considerable amount
of interest excited as to what manuscripts Mr. Mere-
dith left behind him, unpublished. When I paid
my first visit to Mr. Meredith, twenty years ago, he
showed me one such manuscript, entitled "The
Journalist." Mr. Frederick Greenwood was, he told
me, the hero of the book; but Lord Morley of
Blackburn (then Mr. John Morley) and Mr. Stead
(who followed Mr. Morley in the editorship of the
"Pall Mall Gazette") were both portrayed. A
few months before his death, however, Mr. Meredith
gathered two of his friends around him — one of
them his doctor — and declared his intention of
burning this unfinished manuscript, and sundry
others that were at his hand; and this was actually
done.
Happily, as I am bound to consider it, Mr. Mere-
dith left one unfinished manuscript behind him; it
is entitled "Celt and Saxon," and it incorporates
Mr. Meredith's strong feelings with regard to the
peculiarities of the two races. He himself was
proud of being a Celt. "I have not a single drop
of English blood in my veins," he once said to me.
There are other fragments of Mr. Meredith's
unpublished writings that will be forthcoming in
the new edition of his works in twenty-six volumes
that has just been projected. This edition is to
appear in England through the firm of Constable,
in which firm Mr. Meredith's son, Mr. William
Maxse Meredith, is a partner. Some of these frag-
ments of Mr. Meredith's, in which I am greatly
interested, are his "Translations from Homer: Ex-
periments in English Hexameters," that well deserve
printing. Meanwhile, the volume of Mr. Mere-
dith's Letters, which is to be the sole authoritative
contribution to his biography, will not be ready for
publication for a year or more. Lord Morley of
Blackburn, who will edit it, has already received a
number of striking letters; for Meredith was a very
prince of letter-writers.
Clement K. Shorter.
London, October 5, 1909.


280
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
Chesterton on Shaw, akd Shaw
on Chesterton.*
It was surely an odd fancy that prompted Mr.
Chesterton to write a book on his irrepressible
contemporary, Mr. Shaw. Whatever its impel-
ling motive, it is as entertaining as anything Mr.
Chesterton's exuberant genius has yet produced.
He writes with all his wonted sureness of himself
and of his theme, — except that he does falter
for a moment to acknowledge his inability to
treat the music-loving part of Mr. Shaw's person-
ality. "Upon this part of him I am a reverent
agnostic," he declares; "it is well to have some
such dark continent in the character of a man
of whom one writes. It preserves two very
important things — modesty in the biographer
and mystery in the biography."
Doubtless Mr. Chesterton would be the last
to deny that we see in every person or object
only what we bring with us to see. Hence we
have in his book quite as much a picture of
Mr. Chesterton as a study of Mr. Shaw. The
two-edged quality of criticism has never made a
more striking or more amusing display of itself
than in this analysis of the supposedly Shawish
or Shavian or Shawensian characteristics. For
instance, the following passage from an early
page might just as easily have been written
about the author as by him — with the simple
change of a proper name. Indeed (with this
change) Mr. Shaw himself might have written
it of Mr. Chesterton.
"But here comes the paradox of Shaw; the greatest
of all paradoxes and the one of which he is unconscious.
These one or two plain truths which quite stupid people
learn at the beginning are exactly the one or two truths
which Bernard Shaw may not learn even at the end.
He is a daring pilgrim who has set out from the grave
to find the cradle. He started from points of view which
no one else was clever enough to discover, and he is at
last discovering points of view which no one else was
ever stupid enough to ignore. This absence of the red-
hot truisms of boyhood; this sense that he is not rooted
in the ancient sagacities of infancy, has, I think, a great
deal to do with his position. . . ."
The last sentence, referring to certain matters
of fact, must be abruptly broken off, else the
transposed application would be incorrect. A
little later occurs a passage illustrating the
thorough good-will and jovial friendliness with
which the writer has approached his self-imposed
task. In reading it, Mr. Shaw's confirmed veg-
•Geobge Bernard Shaw. By Gilbert K. Chesterton.
New York: John Lane Co.
etarianism must be borne in mind, and also Mr.
Chesterton's ample physical proportions.
"I seem to remember that when he was lying sick
and near to death at the end of his Saturday Review
career he wrote a fine fantastic article, declaring that his
hearse ought to be drawn by all the animals that he had
not eaten. Whenever that evil day comes there will be
no need to fall back on the ranks of the brute creation;
there will be no lack of men and women who owe him
so much as to be glad to take the place of the animals;
and the present writer for one will be glad to express his
gratitude as an elephant."
As to the plan and scope of the book, it begins
with a characteristic assertion: "Most people
either say that they agree with Bernard Shaw
or that they do not understand him. I am the
only person who understands him, and I do not
agree with him." Then follow, after a short
preface, chapters on Mr. Shaw as an Irishman,
as a Puritan, and as a Progressive; but the
greater part of the book is devoted to "The
Critic," "The Dramatist," and "The Philoso-
pher." Hence it is, as was natural, more a study
of the writer than of the man in his extra-
literary capacity. The fact of his Irish birth
and his protestantism is made to explain many
of Mr. Shaw's peculiarities, and the argument
is delightfully plausible — perhaps too plausible
to be wholly convincing. In the chapter on Mr.
Shaw as critic, attention is chiefly directed to his
well-known anti-Shakespearianism, which again
is traced to " the fact that he is a Puritan, while
Shakespeare was spiritually a Catholic. The
former is always screwing himself up to see
truth; the latter is often content that truth is
there. The Puritan is only strong enough to
stiffen; the Catholic is strong enough to relax."
The chapter entitled "The Dramatist" takes
up the earlier of Mr. Shaw's plays, with appre-
ciative and occasionally adverse comment, in
which the playwright is here and there charged
with not understanding human nature, and with
certain other failings. Some of his offenses
against refined dramatic art are also pointed out.
But the reviewer's tone is in general cordial, and
there is little of captious criticism.
In his character of philospher, Mr. Shaw is
thought by his critic to have inflicted three
injuries on mankind and to have rendered two
important services. "The primary respect in
which Shaw has been a bad influence," we are
asked to believe, "is that he has encouraged
fastidiousness. He has made men dainty about
their moral meals." And "the second of the
two points on which I think Shaw has done
definite harm is this: that he has (not always
or even as a rule intentionally) increased that


1909.]
281
THE DIAL.
anarchy of thought which is always the destruc-
tion of thought." This, coming from the pen
that wrote it, almost moves to merriment; and
so perhaps may the third charge, that Mr. Shaw
"has to a very slight extent, but still percep-
tibly, encouraged a kind of charlatanism of
utterance among those who possess his Irish
impudence without his Irish virtue." The ser-
vices rendered by this Irish philosopher are thus
stated:
"In the first place, and quite apart from all partic-
ular theories, the world owes thanks to Bernard Shaw
for having combined being intelligent with being intel-
ligible. He has popularized philosophy, or rather he
has repopularized it, for philosophy is always popular,
except in peculiarly corrupt and oligarchic ages, like our
own. . . . The second phase of the man's really fruitful
efficacy is in a sense the converse of this. He has im-
proved philosophic discussions by making them popular.
But he has also improved popular amusements by
making them more philosophic. And by more philo-
sophic I do not mean duller, but funnier; that is, more
varied."
Three superstitions, we are told, are enter-
tained by the public concerning Mr. Shaw," first
that he desires 'problem' plays, second that
he is paradoxical, and third that in his dramas
as elsewhere he is specially 'a Socialist.'" But
all this is false, maintains Mr. Chesterton, even
though he has shown that Mr. Shaw's plays turn,
as a rule, on a "very plain pivot of ethical or
philosophical conviction"; and although, as in
the first passage quoted above, he refers to the
man as an habitual utterer of paradoxes. But
these and other details may be considered chiefly
matters of opinion and point of view, and disa-
greement with the writer need not lessen one's
interest in his book.
How far, after all, has the writer succeeded
in presenting the real Mr. Shaw? If he under-
stands him as well as he claims to, the passive
subject may conceivably feel highly indignant;
for who likes to think that any man can take
his measure ?" The greater the truth, the
greater the libel" is a true word. And even
an obviously distorted representation is not
pleasant to the victim. It is hard to laugh at
a caricature of oneself. But, as we are happily
in a position to know, the victim in this case
has lost no whit of his good-nature, or of his
resources of wit and satire. Almost simultan-
eous with the appearance of Mr. Chesterton's
book in this country there comes an extended
review of it in the London " Nation," the writer
being none other than Mr. Shaw himself, who
thus discloses the interesting situation of a biog-
rapher reviewed by the subject of his biography.
The entertainment is indeed a rare one. Mr.
Shaw begins by saying:
"This book is what everybody expected it to be: the
best work of literary art I have yet provoked. It is a
fascinating portrait study; and I am proud to have been
the painter's model. It is in the great tradition of liter-
ary portraiture: it gives not only the figure, but the
epoch. It makes the figure interesting and memorable
by giving it the greatness and spaciousness of an epoch,
and it makes it attractive by giving it the handsom-
est and friendliest personal qualities of the painter
himself."
But, humorously laments the reviewer, not all
readers will be able to see the many virtues
ascribed to him.
"He perceives that I am an angel; and he is quite
right. But he will never convince those who cannot see
my wings; and for them his portrait will never be a
good likeness. Fortunately, lots of other people will
take his word for it, and some will rub their eyes and
look a little more carefully; so his book will be of signal
service to me."
All the same, the genial reviewer goes on to say,
the book is in some respects quite misleading.
Thereupon he proceeds to point out an obviously
baseless criticism of a certain passage in " Major
Barbara," and to convict the critic of making
"a howling misquotation'' from the play. Then,
taking up Mr. Chesterton's animadversions upon
his abstinence from alcoholic beverages, the man
of unspoiled relish for Adam's ale continues, in
pleasantly sarcastic vein:
"Teetotalism is, to Mr. Chesterton, a strange and
unnatural asceticism forced on men by an inhuman per-
version of religion. Beer-drinking is to him, when his
imagination runs away with him on paper, nothing short
of the communion. He sees in every public-house a
temple of the true catholic faith . . . and he will see
nothing but 'cold extravagance ' in my sure prevision of
the strict regimen of Contrexeville water and saccharine
in which his Bacchic priesthood will presently end."
The article extends to some length, with much
excellent fooling, and much that is a degree
more serious than fooling, but none the less
excellent. Mr. Chesterton is rather well char-
acterized as, "at present, a man of vehement
reactions; and, like all reactionists, he usually
empties the baby out with the bath." Finally,
the suggestion is offered that a subscription
be taken up for the purpose of sending Mr.
Chesterton to Ireland for a two years' sojourn.
There he will learn many things.
"He will eat salmon and Irish stew and drink whisky
prosaically, because he will hunger and thirst for food
and drink, instead of drinking beer poetically because
he thirsts for righteousness. And the facts will be
firm under his feet, whilst the heavens are open over
his head; and his soul will become a torment to him,
like the soul of the Wandering Jew, until he has
achieved his appointed work, which is not that of spec-


282
[Oct. 16,
THE
DIAL
ulating as to what I am here for, but of discovering and
doing what he himself is here for."
It is a pity that Mr. Shaw's review could not
be bound up with the book — that Chesterton
on Shaw and Shaw on Chesterton could not go
together to the reader, for his infinite delight
and merriment. But the book as it stands is
well worth while. Pebcy f. Bicknell,
The Foundations of Heredity.*
While the scientific world was ringing with
the first shock of controversy over the " Origin
of Species," an obscure monk in an Austrian
convent garden was patiently observing the laws
of heredity as manifested in successive genera-
tions of peas. It is striking evidence of the
eternal value of exact experimentation that the
work of Gregor Johann Mendel is to-day a living
force in Biology perhaps only second to that of
Charles Darwin.
Mendel's communication on plant hybridiza-
tion was made to the natural history society of
Briinn in 1865, and for thirty-five years re-
mained totally unnoticed. In 1900, de Vries,
Correns, and Tschermak almost simultaneously
called attention to the importance of his work;
and a new field of experimental study of her-
edity came into being, with the name of Mendel-
ism. Professor Bateson, of the University of
Cambridge, became the most ardent exponent
of the new principle in England, and when the
statistical school of biologists made light of it
he published in 1902 a book entitled " Mendel's
Principles of Heredity: A Defence." The
present work is not a new edition of the old one,
but a substitute for it. In view of the progress
of Mendelian experiments during the last five
years, it is less a defence of a new study than an
exposition of the results of a tried and fruitful
one.
The essential points in Mendel's observations
were three in number. First, he found that
many properties of his peas — tallness, for
example — were inherited, as indivisible unit-
characters. Each of the individual offspring
of a cross was tall or short; none half-way
between. Second, one character might be dom-
inant over the other, so that in a given plant it
only would appear, while the latent or recessive
character could be transmitted to a -future genera-
* Mendel's Principles of Heredity. By W. Bateson,
Professor of Biology in the University of Cambridge. Cam-
bridge: The University Press. (G. P. Putnam's Sons, New
York.)
tion. Third, and most important, he showed that
in the formation of the germ-cells of a plant of
mixed ancestry the opposite characters, dominant
and recessive, separate; so that each individual
germ-cell has one, and one alone. For example,
breeding a pure dwarf and a pure tall pea gives
offspring all tall. Tallness is dominant. Bat
the tall second generation contain the short ele-
ment, as shown by further breeding. The third
generation produced by self-fertilized seed of
the second contains tall and short individuals in
the proportion of three to one. The short ones,
as shown by further breeding, have no tall ele-
ment; of the tall three-quarters, one quarter
have only the tall element; the other half are
mixed, like their parents of the second genera-
tion. The tall and short elements segregate so
that each ovule or pollen grain has one alone;
and by "chance" recombination we get one-
quarter pure tall, one-quarter pure dwarf, and
one-half mixed, the latter appearing tall because
that quality is dominant when both are present.
Professor Bateson's book is the most complete
and authoritative presentation of the studies
which have been made of inheritance phenomena
of this sort; and such studies are numerous and
striking. He discusses Mendelian inheritance
of almost numberless characters, such as size,
color, smoothness, habit, resistance to specific
disease, form of flower and seed, presence of
starch, in plants; and color, hornlessness, char-
acter of coat or feathers, and peculiarities like
the waltzing habit in mice, among animals.
Many of the cases are complicated by the
presence of numerous inter-related variables.
Twenty-one distinct forms may be produced by
separations and recombinations of elements in
the offspring of two types of primrose. Professor
Bateson discusses all the most important of such
cases in great detail, and with as much clearness
as the abstruse nature of the subject-matter
warrants. He includes practically all work up
to 1908, and is fair and just in estimating the
importance of various contributions within the
field of Mendelism. The book includes three
interesting portraits of Mendel, and handsome
colored plates showing inheritance in sweet peas,
primroses, fowls, mice, and moths.
The principles of Mendel will undoubtedlyfind
place in that firm foundation for the theory of
heredity which will some day be constructed; and
his careful experimental method offers perhaps
the surest instrument for its upbuilding. It is
unfortunate, however, that Professor Bateson
is so occupied with the brilliant successes of
Mendelian study that he can see no merit in


1909.]
283
THE
DIAL
work of any other kind. The asperity of old
conflicts might well be softened by omitting
references to "the so-called investigations of
heredity" by Gal ton and Pearson and the Bio-
metrical school, as work which "has resulted
only in the concealment of that order which it
was ostensibly undertaken to reveal," and the
statement that" it will appear inexplicable that
work so unsound in construction should have
been respectfully received by the scientific
world." Both the experimental and the statis-
tical methods are required for the full elucidation
of the truth.
Professor Bateson has a wide and just vision
of the importance of the subject of Heredity —
or Genetics, as he prefers to call it. He says:
"It may be anticipated that a general recognition of
the chief results of Mendelian analysis will bring about
a profound change in man's conception of his own nature
and in his outlook on the world. Many have in all ages
held the belief that our powers and characteristics are
directly dependent on physical composition; but when
it becomes known that the dependence is so close that
the hereditary descent of certain attributes can be proved
to follow definite predicable formula:, these ideas acquire
a solidity they never possessed before, and it is likely
that the science of sociology will pass into a new phase.
... It is not in dispute that the appearance of a char-
acteristic may be in part decided, by environmental
influences. Opportunity given may decide that a char-
acter manifests itself which without opportunity must
have lain dormant. The question of opportunity and
of the degree to which the conditions of life are opera-
tive in controlling or developing characters will some
day demand attention, but in order to answer such ques-
tions successfully it is the first necessity that a knowl-
edge of the genetic behavior of the factors should be
obtained. . . . The outcome of genetic research is to
show that human society can, if it so please, control its
composition more easily than was previously supposed
possible. . . . The power is in their hands and they will
use that power like any other with which science can
endow them. The consequence of such action will be
immediate and decisive. For this revolution we do well
to prepare."
C.-E. A. WlNSLOW.
Misinterpretations of the Carlyl.es.*
Mr. R. S. Craig, the author of a book which
he curiously entitles " The Making of Carlyle,"
has become dominated by a theory, which is
allowed some more or less full expression on
almost every page, at least of the latter part of
the work. That theory is that Jane Welsh was
simply an ambitious but overrated and spiteful
woman; that she did not love Carlyle, but did
love Edward Irving, and married Carlyle for
ambition; that Froude is right in arguing that
•The Making of Carlyle. By E. S. Craig. New
York: John Lane Co.
she forced Carlyle to marry her in consequence
of Irving's telling Mrs. Montagu that Miss
Welsh was in love with him; that Carlyle's
caustic manner of describing his contemporaries
is largely due to the example of his wife, to
whom, in writing his Reminiscences, he sought,
as it were, to make reparation for his neglect.
It is of course a great pity that Mr. Craig could
not have deferred the publication of his volume
till after the appearance of the recent "Love
Letters of Thomas Carlyle and Jane Welsh,"*
which would have given him ample evidence on
some of these points. But it was not necessary
to wait for the publication of these letters; Mr.
Craig has not, it seems to us, correctly inter-
preted the mass of evidence made accessible in
a trustworthy form in the four volumes of " New
Letters and Memorials of Thomas and of Jane
Welsh Carlyle," the Correspondence of Carlyle
and Goethe edited by Professor Norton, and
Mr. David Wilson's volume on Froude and
Carlyle. For example, the introduction to the
"New Letters and Memorials of Jane Welsh
Carlyle," as is well known, contains an admirable
estimate of Mrs. Carlyle; Sir James Crichton-
Browne's view, there expressed,! has never been
successfully controverted. Yet Mr. Craig vir-
tually ignores this view; he has nothing what-
ever to say about Mrs. Carlyle's physical condi-
tion, J which is of importance even in the early
period more especially treated in his book. Nor
is his book wholly free from errors in detail. For
example, he says that by June, 1821, Miss
Welsh had conveyed to her mother the use of
Craigenputtock for life (p. 168); whereas the
letter enclosing this conveyance § is dated by
the editor, Mr. Alexander Carlyle, evidently on
good authority, 19 July, 1825. From Mr.
Craig's reliance on Froude (pp. 373f.) it would
seem that he has not even seen Mr. Alexander
Carlyle's volumes! His admiration for Froude
is excessive, and is perhaps the cause of some of
his own shortcomings. The only fault he lays at
Froude's door is an occasional misunderstanding
of the evidence. Writing of the Carlyles' differ-
ences, he says (p. 372):
"After Carlyle's death the world professed to dis-
cover profound and persistent disagreement, and took
Mrs. Carlyle's published letters as proof of her misery.
But even Froude telling the truth and only the truth
• See The Dial, May 1, 1909; The Nation, April 22,
Ixxxviii. 416CF.; W. S. Lilly, "The End of a Legend," The
Nineteenth Century, May, Ixr. 826ff.
tSee also The British Medical Journal for June 27, 1903.
I See Dr. George M. Gould, Jane Welsh Carlyle, American
Medicine, Aug. 8,1903, reprinted in his " Biographic Clinics,"
ii. 203ff.
§ "New Letters and Memorials," i. 2f.


284
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
had no letters to print in any grave way condemnatory
of either. . . . Surely it is a mystery; yet, after all, a
very plain one, as we hope to prove. Everything points
to the truthfulness and discretion of Froude, but not to
his comprehension of the facts. He was unaware of
their significance."
Froude telling the truth and only the truth!
And this after the careful labors of Professor
Norton, Mr. Wilson, and others, have utterly
discredited Froude's work, both in general and
in particular. The point would not be worth
dwelling on were it not for the fact that occa-
sionally a misguided admirer or defender of
Froude* turns up and helps to prolong the life
of his mythical story of the Carlyles. Even if
there be a slight modicum of truth in his books,
the sooner his grossly distorted and ignoble "his-
tory " of Carlyle is consigned to oblivion, the
sooner will it be possible for a fair-minded public
to learn and rightly appreciate the real facts.
And this is not, of course, to say that Froude,
in the beginning at least, intentionally exagger-
ated Carlyle's faults. The whole trouble arose
from the fact that Carlyle's "heightened and
telling " phraseology, the utterance of a strongly
emotional nature, fell into the hands of one who
flatly misunderstood it, and whose passionate
fondness for the picturesque in biography dis-
posed him to credit an utterly unfounded theory
interpreting the strange phenomena of the Car-
lyles' married life. And having adopted this
theory he felt bound to defend it, thus more and
more calumniating the object of his worship.
Thomas and Jane Welsh Carlyle were far
from angelic natures. They both possessed the
fatal gift of sarcasm, and they doubtless did
many persons injustice. The difference between
them and others is that they dared to say openly
and to write what many others dare only think
or whisper. The consequences were disastrous,
and they paid the penalty. But let it be re-
membered that they were both trying to tell the
truth (which is often painfully embarrassing);
and that in many instances they probably suc-
ceeded. Whatever else they may have been,
they were not shams ; and they helped purge the
air of some cant.
To return, in closing, to Mr. Craig, it is pain-
ful to speak of his work as we have done, and we
regret the necessity of doing so. The book con-
tains also minor faults which help to strengthen
the unfortunate impression it produces. Its
bulkiness is inexcusable; it would have gained
immensely if its five hundred pages had been
compressed into half that number. Needless
repetitions occur on every page. Froude, for
• For example, in The Nation, lxxxviii. 418.
example, is called "eloquent" at least three
times. Mrs. Carlyle's encomium of "Sartor
Resartus " is printed at least as many times.
Strange grammatical and rhetorical construc-
tions abound; for example, "Neither he nor
Froude mention it" (p. 94); "He had never
'assisted,' as a young minister or doctor has so
frequently to do, placing themselves for the first
time under tutelage" (p. 228); "inferior society
than that" (p. 338); "his Welsh kindred"
(p. 422); " the two conceived a mutual admira-
tion for each other" (p. 439); "Carlyle found
plenty friends" (p. 440) ; " Would Milton be
likely to find any publisher in the whole range
of London to take Paradise Lost off his hands,
let alone give him £10 for it? " (p. 446). French
words are printed without accents, and the last
syllable of Teufelsdroeckh always loses the e.
The style at times is irritating; there is a con-
stant tendency to short jerky statements or ques-
tions that might pass for epigrams ; for example,
"Fame?" (p. 433). On page 59 we meet -with
Carlyle's refreshing etymology, Lord equals
"Law-ward "! The fact that Carlyle was
originally responsible for this error does not
excuse his biographer.
The author has added another to the list of
books in which Carlyle and his wife are misin-
terpreted and misrepresented. The successful
biographer of Carlyle is yet to appear. When
he does arrive, he will prove to be a man who
will be willing to give up a theory for the sake
of the truth ; and he must have a keener insight
than any of the "poor fools " — to borrow the
Sage's own cheerful term — who have yet
attempted this most difficult task.
Clark S. Northup.
The Cask of :lombroso.«
It is with hesitation that a reviewer calls at-
tention to a volume which, considered logically or
charitably, should receive the solace of neglect.
Yet it is inevitable that the current interest in
"spiritualistic " revelations will seize upon Pro-
fessor Lombroso's work (now accessible in poor
English) as an authoritative and conclusive
pronouncement. Let it then be recorded that
the volume bearing the alarming title, "After
Death — What?" presents through three hun-
dred and fifty pages an amazing exhibition of
credulity, which it is difficult to reconcile with
the author's unassailed reputation, and his
•After Death—What? ByCesare Lombroso. Boston:
Small, Maynard & Co.


1909.]
285
THE
DIAL
recognized contributions to complex aspects of
modern science.
Most of those of like reputation, who have
yielded to the conclusion that the perplexing
phenomena which they witnessed were not ex-
plicable by the recognized laws of mind and
matter, have yet expressed their conviction, at
times regretfully, or it may be hesitantly, and
commonly with a reserve that held aloof from
extravagant explanation and uncritical credu-
lity. The evidence has been endured, possibly,
but hardly yet embraced. The Italian savant,
however, having once admitted the possibility of
phenomena that transcend ordinary experience,
and having had recourse for his explanation to
the intervention of departed spirits, feels no
further limitations of logic or plausibility, and
records with apparently equal acceptance the
most variously assorted medley of miracles,
albeit commonplace ones, and the crassest vio-
lations of common law and common sense, that
in our day and generation have been collected
within a single volume under a reputable signa-
ture. The reader, as he follows the narrative,
must forcibly remind himself that he is exam-
ining, not the wonder-book of a pre-scientific
traveller with a generous appetite for good
"copy," but the conclusions reached with all
the show of experiment and apparatus of a
twentieth century laboratory student.
It is not the purpose of the present notice to
summarize the extensive so-called evidence, but
only to indicate the attitude toward it of Pro-
fessor Lombroso. He informs the reader that
by training and temperament he was strongly
antagonistic to all this sort of occultism ; yet his
conversion seems to have been easy, and to have
been effected by an hysterical girl in whom he
discovered the loss of vision, but who by com-
pensation "saw with the same degree of acute-
ness at the point of the nose and the left lobe
of the ear," and in whom also "the sense of
smell became transferred to the back of the
foot." The same inventive subject predicted
that on a certain day "she would be delirious,
and then would have seven cataleptic fits that
would be healed with gold," all of which, mar-
vellous to relate, ensued as predicted. But the
crowning instrument of his conversion was the
Italian peasant medium, Eusapia Paladino,
whose advent to our shores is now heralded. In
the presence of this woman, physics, chemistry,
and physiology retire abashed, while psychology
is silenced in confusion. Chairs and tables and
large pieces of furniture move about with motives
of their own, but unmoved by human forces;
metronomes start themselves going, and all
sorts of scientific apparatus is pressed into a
travesty of service to prove that the medium is •
innocent of the phenomena that occur in her
presence. None the less, the same Eusapia has
at times indulged in freeing one of her hands to
move objects or give raps; in lifting the table
with her knees; and in slyly removing a hair
from her head to fasten it to one of the instru-
ments so as to influence its registration; in
gathering flowers before the sittings, which later
were to appear miraculously "apported"; but
all this without in the least disturbing the con-
fidence of her observers in her genuine mani-
festations.
The difficulties of the situation must be evi-
dent when Professor Lombroso apologetically
records that "It is now certain that supernu-
merary spectral limbs are superimposed on her
true limbs, and act as their substitutes. These
phantom doubles used to be often taken for
her normal arms." The "spirit-forms" that
appear in the presence of mediums are thus
explained:
"This fact proves that the body of spectral appear-
ance is formed at the expense of the body of the psychic,
and the matter is confirmed by the circumstance that
in the first materializations of mediums many of the
phantasms they evoke bear a certain resemblance to
the face or the limbs of the mediums, or even to the
whole of his or her person."
Accordingly, when one of Lombroso's col-
leagues declines to accept a spirit-form as that
of his mother, because of the conflict between
what was presented and the actual truth, he is
urged to bear in mind that spirits, unused to
the vocal mechanism of the medium, must make
mistakes, and that their behavior must be
excused.
"He lays stress also upon the fact that the phantasm
had a fuller bust than his mother, not remembering
that the phantasms assume the words, gestures, and
body of the medium. This should also have explained
for him the vulgar habit of playfully biting the beloved
one, which is common to all the other phantasms evoked
by Eusapia from whom they borrow it."
Instances like the following are recorded as
facts without trace of hesitation.
"The child Yencker gave raps when two months old.
. . . The nephew of Seymour wrote automatically when
nine days old; at the age of seven months he gave
typtological communications."
Once more, a medium in forming her spirit
companion found that" she herself had lost her
knees and feet. But if she touched the place
where they normally should be, she felt pain.
Hence an invisible part of them existed." The
same thing happened to Eusapia, whose "con-


286
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
trol" explained that he had removed her lower
limbs to decrease her weight for the levitation.
Now as to explanation, let this suffice:
"There is also another singular attribute of mediums
which we must admit in order to explain certain spirit-
ualistic phenomena; namely, the fact that in the psy-
chological atmosphere of the medium in a trance, and
by the medium's own action, the conditions of matter
are modified, just as if the space in which the phe-
nomena takes place, belonged not to three but to four
dimensions, in which (according to the theory of the
mathematicians) the law of gravity and the law of the
impenetrability of matter should suddenly fail, and the
laws that rule time and space should suddenly cease, so
that a body from a far-off point may all at once find
itself near by, and you may find a bunch of freshest
flowers in your coat-pocket, without their showing any
trace of being spoiled."
Similarly, as time is inverted, the medium reads
the future as we should recall the past. Yet this
power is curiously limited.
"As respects the lottery, — something in which all
the village population of the province of Naples are sin-
ners, — she had no success whatever in premonitions, but
in compensation possessed a singular telepathic power."
Or consider this explanation of the passage of
objects out of a closed room, which procedure
naturally involves a transit through wood or
glass or bricks.
"Either it must pass through the panes of glass
without coming apart or breaking up, — that is to say,
its atoms must pass through the inter-atomic spaces of
the panes; or else it must be decomposed into impon-
derable material (an operation which we not happily
call < demateriaiization') before passing the walls, and
afterwards be recomposed; or else, in order to appear
and disappear without passing through the walls at all,
it would be necessary for it to pass into the fourth
dimension of space, and then, returning, emerge from
that again."
Surely, in this strain there is no need to con-
sider anything as more remarkable or less worthy
of credence than anything else, and the testimony
of apparatus and the records of photographs
become a mere travesty of a scientific procedure.
If this is the type of popular scientific presenta-
tion that is to shape opinion, the task to be faced
by those with real concern for the hygiene of
popular logic seems stupendous. Where, indeed,
are we to find the sturdiness of view and criti-
cal conservatism that form the safeguard of
modern thinking? One can only pause dumb-
founded, and ask, "After Lombroso—What?"
And yet the reflection remains that it is no
longer exceptional for the man of scientific train-
ing to use the logic of his own specialty with
moderate success, and yet reserve a corner of
his intellectual domain free from the invasions
of logic and open to the satisfaction of a dra-
matic instinct or temperamental longing. It
is none the less natural to assume that the per-
sonal factor in the exercise of the two pursuits
is not wholly different. Of this there are occa-
sional corroborations in the tendency to yield
to alluring theories, and accordingly to abandon
that sane perspective of importance which more
than anything else forms the heart of the scien-
tific temper. In this aspect, the psychology of
reputable believers in disreputable tales becomes
yet more interesting than the psychology of
the tales themselves; and such is the case of
Lombroso. Joseph Jastkow.
The Doves Press Shakespeare.*
It was inevitable, probably, that in his work
at the Doves Press, Mr. Cobden-Sanderson
would sooner or later get around to Shake-
speare. In his five-volume edition of the Bible,
brought to completion nearly five years ago, he
gave a monumental setting to the first of all
books; and now a volume devoted to " Hamlet"
marks the beginning of a similar service for
the writings which, in the estimate of English-
speaking peoples at least, rank second in the
peerage of literature. It must not be under-
stood, however, that we are ultimately to have a
complete Shakespeare in this form; Mr. Cobden-
Sanderson is not a young man, and conditions
of work at the Doves Press preclude hasty pro-
duction. The present plan contemplates a selec-
tion of some dozen plays only, to be approached
by stages. The first stage embraces the four
supreme tragedies — " Hamlet," "Lear,"
« Othello," and "Macbeth." The publication
of these will occupy at least two years; at the
end of that time another stage will be under-
taken, — or it may be decided to stop with the
Tragedies above mentioned.
The plan of presentment involves something
more than a mere reprint of Shakespeare in
beautiful dress, in the modern accepted form of
the text. Believing that a capacity for appre-
ciating literature in the form in which it was
originally given to the world is worth cultivating,
Mr. Cobden-Sanderson has gone back for his
text to the original editions, following almost
literally the old spelling and punctuation, and
avoiding the division into acts and scenes intro-
duced into later editions. Thus, the present
"Hamlet" reproduces the second quarto im-
printed at London in 1604, with such portions
* The Thaqicall Historik of Hamlet, Prince or
Denmark. By William Shakespeare. Limited edition.
Printed by T. J. Cobden-Sanderson at the Doves Press.
Hammersmith, London, England.


1909.]
287
THE
DIAL
of the first folio of 1623 as are not contained
in the quarto. Such a presentment would, of
course, be "cauiary to the generall" (as this
text has it); but to those for whom the present
edition is intended, there cannot but be a
decided charm in reading " Hamlet" as it was
actually written, with all the atmosphere of the
original printing successfully preserved.
Those familar with the Doves Press books
know that they do not depend at all for their
distinction, as the volumes printed by William
Morris did in large degree, upon elaborate orna-
mentation. A "flourished" initial at the be-
ginning is the only note of decoration in this
edition of " Hamlet." The charm of the book
is wholly inherent in the type and its arrange-
ment, in the presswork and the paper. Except
for two or three fantastic characters, such as
the freakish interrogation point, the type is both
beautiful and legible; the presswork is doubt-
less as near perfection as may be attained; and
the paper could scarcely be bettered for the
purpose.
There is, however, a feature of the typography,
the type arrangement, which, although some may
think it trivial and others justifiable, seems to
us so serious, and to involve so fundamental a
misconception of the laws of typographic art,
that we cannot pass it without protest. We
refer to the " spacing " of the letter-press of the
book. Now as the printing art is at present
known and practised among men, the only way
in which the group of letters composing a single
word may be presented to the eye as a distinct
unit— as a word-form — is by leaving a blank
(technically, a " space ") between the word and
its neighbors. The space being indispensable,
the only question is simply how much space.
In his essay on "The Book Beautiful," Mr.
Cobden-Sanderson has laid down the precept
that " the whole duty of Typography is to com-
municate to the imagination, without loss by the
way, the thought or image intended to be con-
veyed by the writer," a dictum which, in another
form, has the authority of Herbert Spencer.
Now we maintain that there must be distinct and
decided loss of the author's thought or image
when the space between words in a printed page
is so slight that the reader is continually puzzled
and retarded in his reading. The puzzlement
may be unconscious or subconscious; the loss is
nevertheless actual. Through long usage the eye
has become accustomed to a certain minimum
space between words; an arbitrary reduction of
this space to a half or a third the customary
amount results in visual distress of no slight
degree. We are familiar enough with the theory
underlying this microscopic separation of words.
It is held that the conventional spacing of type
results in a printed page made ragged and
unsightly by irregular spots of white over its
whole extent, —sometimes, as in the poorer sort
of machine composition, where over-spacing is
the rule, the effect is that of jagged perpendic-
ular rows of words rather than of ordered hori-
zontal lines. To avoid these blemishes, and to
produce a page of even harmonious tone and
color, very thin spacing is held to be essential.
If a printed page were meant to be merely dec-
orative, there would be something in this con-
tention; but the primary purpose of a book is
to be read, and no principle is sound aesthetically
which seriously interferes with this essential
function.
We have dealt rather more fully with this
point than might perhaps seem warranted. But
the defect is to us an important one, and it
happens also to be a defect not confined to Mr.
Cobden-Sanderson's work. It is found in even
more marked degree in the volumes produced
by William Morris at the Kelmscott Press; it
is prominent in the work of two of our most
artistic printers, Mr. Bruce Rogers and Mr.
Updike. Whatever may be the abstract reasons
in its defence, we believe few readers will dis-
agree with us that its practical application, in
books intended to be read, results in confusion
and irritation. A happy medium, in this as in
so many things, is the goal to seek.
In general effect, this latest volume from
the Doves Press amply fulfils Mr. Cobden-
Sanderson's well-expressed ideal of workman-
ship, — it is indeed a thing of " order touched
with delight." To the student of Shakespeare
who is also a lover of beautiful bookmaking, its
appeal will be irresistible. That we may finally
have the whole of Shakespeare in this form, is
a consummation devoutly to be wished.
Waldo R. Bbowne.
Briefs on New Books.
Has the Hudson grown less pictur-
ewiue since the day of Cole .and
Durand? In some places, certainly,
yes: brickyards and quarries and railroads will do
much to deprive anything of picturesqueness. The
Hudson is no longer the almost primeval river it
was when all New York state had a population
smaller than can now be found in the island of
Manhattan. But is what is still as in older days
less picturesque? One would almost think so from


288
[Oct. 16,
THE
DIAL
Mr. Clifton Johnson's book, "The Picturesque
Hudson" (Macmillan). Much as Mr. Johnson has
that is interesting about the great river that, histori-
cally at least, holds first place in American art and
letters, it seems to us that he has done little to
present what he calls its chief quality. Of course
people's ideas of the picturesque will differ: it is not
remarkable that Mr. Johnson's should be different
from that of Thomas Cole, but it is at least worth
noting. Mr. Johnson is a skilful observer and
writer; his book has much that is good in its history,
gossip, description, as well as in its pictures. But
it shows that if he is right, there has passed away a
glory from the Hudson. We do not mean that Mr.
Johnson chooses unpicturesque subjects; it is proper
for a true idea of the Hudson, that we should have
the locks at Troy, the wharves at Albany, the
Poughkeepsie bridge, the battery at New York. Nor
need such scenes be unpicturesque; the picture of
the Haverstraw Brickyards is one of the best in the
book. We mean that he does not give any pictur-
esque character to those places that we should nat-
urally think of as picturesque, and which some
people can still find as romantically beautiful as they
were to the Hudson River School — such places as
Anthony's Nose, the Northern Gateway of the
Highlands, the Tappan See, the Palisades. Of
these more purely landscape scenes in the book, the
only one we really admire is the view near Fishkill.
Here Mr. Johnson has been singularly happy in
composition and execution. But in the main his
Hudson is sadly uninteresting: if it could have
offered no more, it would never have inspired Irving
and Morris and Willis. Yet in reality the Hudson
preserves its ancient charm: from Sunnyside and
Undercliff and Idlewild it is still as lovely as ever.
And though one miss the affectionate romanticism
that gave the river a wonderful glory in the older
days, yet still one may find a pictorial quality and
a literary charm, unless one be ultra-modern and
realistic. But one would hardly suspect it from Mr.
Johnson's testimony.
THe deeper "The Human Way" (Harper), by
meaningt Mrs. Louise Collier Willcox, is a col-
0}liJe- lection of essays written with, at
times, an almost startling insight into the deeper
meanings of life. Toward the end of the book occurs
this definition, perhaps a new one, of genius: "In-
deed, what we call genius, as distinguished from
talent, or learning, or accomplishment, is really a
power of strong appeal to the great masses of man-
kind which grows out of profound self-knowledge."
Something of this profound self-knowledge that
amounts to genius Mrs. Willcox's chapters certainly
reveal. She demonstrates most convincingly the
oneness of human experience and shows that a rich
individual life is impossible apart from a rich col-
lective existence. Something of the bracing influ-
ence of that pragmatism or personal idealism that
is now in the air is felt in her stimulating pages, as
when she asserts: "So it comes to seem but the
short-sightedness of youth that wailed over limited
scope for effort or an uncongenial atmosphere; for
whatever atmosphere we desire and think about, we
make; and whatever ideal we hold, we create; and
only those who dream fitfully fail to make their
dreams come true. To come slowly to this realiza-
tion is to accept no outlook as final." In the essay
on "The Service of Books," from which the fore-
going is taken, there are many other good things;
but there is also a rather harsh and summary treat-
ment of Tennyson against which protest rises. After
observing, with a degree of truth, that" it is a truism
that he who writes for his own generation renounces
the next," the author continues: "Tennyson spoke
to the thought of his own day and then fell back."
But it was long years before his contemporaries
would listen to him, and it is not hard to find lines
and even whole poems of his that will not soon be
suffered to die. Mrs. Willcox's style appeals to the
well-read: she is steeped in Shakespeare and betrays
her fondness for Browning, Swinburne, and Mere-
dith; and the body of her thought is not inferior to
its garb.
Now that people can read for them-
m«S'u<?ma' selve8> thev rather P16^1" to read
their poetry at home. In Shake-
speare's day, thousands heard poetry on a stage who
heard it nowhere else. Nowadays millions have
poetry in books who never dream of it on the stage.
Yet the drama remains a delightful poetic means, and
in spite of theatrical critics who condemn "the closest
drama" there are still written plays that the poet
never thought of having produced. Whether such
be the case with Mr. Louis J. Block's " The World's
Triumph" (Lippincott) we will not make sure.
There are those who believe that anything will do
on the stage if there are people who want to act it
and others who want to see it "Faust," " Manfred,"
"Peer Gynt," are examples. We judge, however,
that Mr. Block prefers the dramatic form because
it enables him to present imaginatively some of his
hopes and thoughts on life and the present world.
So at least we read his play. Science, the Church,
the People, even the State, are at a standstill. The
loosing of the world-riddle comes from the simplicity
of devoted faith. We believe that in his Epilogue
Mr. Block has rightly criticized himself: he has
woven us a strange and wondrous mystery in an age
that loves the clear and simple. This imaginative
and melodious presentation, this pageant of ideal
and poetic figures, seems to belong to an earlier age
than ours. The work is, indeed, more a Christmas
masque than a modern play, and must be read
largely in the spirit of the past In the confusion
and turmoil of low ambitions and big attempts, the
poet offers us a dream of faith. It would be aside
from a true appreciation to offer definite dramatic
criticism, and we prefer merely to recommend the
play to readers who will take it for what it is, who


1909.]
289
THE DIAL,
will read and find in poetic form food for thought
and perhaps for the solution of difficulty. If one
think there is no unanswerable argument, one may
at least gain insights worthy of trust.
A series of essays illustrating social
Oe^ilnera. England in the eighteenth century,
by Mr. John Fyvie, is issued in a
volume entitled "Wits, Beaux, and Beauties of the
Georgian Era" (John Lane Co.). These essays, eight
in number, take the form of biographical sketches
with the emphasis placed on the social aspects of
life. Some of these were well worth writing: the
introductory essay on Samuel Foote, the " English
Aristophanes," is particularly interesting not only as
a vigorous defence of the actor-dramatist, but also
for the light that it sheds on the world that Foote
satirized on the London stage. The author supports
his conclusions by quoting liberally from Foote's
plays. Valuable, too, is the account of the Duchess
of Queensberry's eccentricities, though mainly for the
glimpses that it affords us of Gay and Swift. There
seems, however, to be little reason for giving pro-
longed attention to the careers of^such persons as the
Duchess of Kingston and the Countess of Suffolk,
whose titles to fame rest on their moral delin-
quencies only. Mr. Fyvie's work contains little that
is new or original; it serves rather to emphasize
opinions commonly held by giving concrete illus-
trations. In his selection of instances the author is
usually discreet; and no attempt is made to enlist
our sympathies for unworthy subjects. His work is
throughout a very readable one; the English is
delightful, though at times somewhat informal; but
stately periods would scarcely seem in place in a
discussion of the jokes of George Selwyn and the
broad humor of the "clerical wit," the Rev. John
Warner, D.D.
a manual for ^n l'^e treatise on " Writing the
writeriofthe Short Story" (Hinds, Noble &
short ,torV. Eldredge), the author, Mr. Esenwein,
has approached the short story as an historian, as a
maker of text-hooks, and as a literary adviser. It
is always difficult to ride three horses at once, and
in this instance they are not all guided with equal
felicity. To be candid, the introductory chapters
which discuss the rise of the short story are too
brief, too general, and too cut up by quotations from
various authorities, to be useful. It would be well
to know more about the history of the short story
than may be learned from these pages, if one wished
to profess a knowledge of the subject Again, the
later chapters, which are more thorough, more
authoritative, and always interesting, are split up
into a multitude of sections and sub-divisions, filled
with quotations from earlier criticisms, and sown
with illustrations until it is doubtful whether an
immature student of the elements of short-story
writing could emerge with a clear idea of the whole
matter. As history, and as an elementary text-book,
Mr. Esenwein's book is not wholly satisfactory. But
as a handbook and manual for literary aspirants who
Vernon Lee's
latest book
of essays.
are trying to write salable stories, as a reference-
book for college students who show more ability in
narrative than the usual course in rhetoric requires,
this work deserves a hearty recommendation. It is
full of interesting criticisms, valuable comments, and
stimulating suggestions. If the teacher of narrative
cannot use it with his elementary courses, he can
assuredly poach upon it for material to make these
classes more effective. And the writer who is try-
ing to compose not a theme but a short story will
find that the editor of " Lippincott's Magazine " has
made good use of the practical experience of his
editorship.
A bough of the budding bay tree, or
bay laurel, fastened to the dash-
board of a streetcar in Rome by a
poor road-mender who had a love of the beautiful,
furnished Miss Violet Paget ("Vernon Lee") with
a name for her latest book, " Laurus Nobilis " (John
Lane Co.), which pleads in eloquent strain the cause
of beauty. Three significant coincidences, early
pointed out, indicate the line of argument followed
by the author. These coincidences are: "that
between development of the aesthetic faculties and
the development of the altruistic instincts; that
between development of a sense of esthetic harmony
and a sense of the higher harmonies of universal life;
and, before everything else, the coincidence between
the preference for aesthetic pleasures and the nobler
growth of the individual." Miss Paget heartily
believes in the " vital connection between beauty and
every other noble object of our living," and she
emphasizes the difference between the low, passive,
or sensual pleasures, and the higher beneficent and
active delights of the soul. The highest aesthetic
satisfactions are dissociated with ownership and self-
indulgence; they are attainable to the reverent and
the pure-minded; but, by one of the ironies of what
is commonly called civilization, are beyond the reach
of the toiling money-getter. Walter Pater's influ-
ence is felt throughout the book, both in unconscious
imitation of his parenthetic, style and in occasional
quotation or allusion. Ruskin also has left his stamp
on the writer's mind. In spite of the much fine
writing in the book, one feels the earnest sincerity
of it all. A casual reference to a bank-holiday
journey in a third-class compartment, with a goat
and numerous other fellow-passengers, lends weight
to the writer's advocacy of the simple life and the
inexpensive pleasures. The book is one to read
slowly and take to heart.
Professor William Edward Simonds
of Knox College has followed up his
text-book on English literature with
a similar "Student's History of American Litera-
ture" (Houghton), although the historical setting
has been less dwelt upon in the later work because
of its assumed familiarity to the student. From the
earliest colonial attempts at literature down to the
very latest noteworthy novel, the author has traced
with care and judgment the outlines of our literary
Outlines of
American
literature.
*


290
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
history. Chronological tables, suggested readings,
and portraits and other illustrations, together with
a twenty-five-page index, combine to make this one
of the best student's handbooks we have in its field.
Without searching for errors amid so much evident
accuracy, one may note the occurrence of Mr.
Thompson Seton's name under its older and now
discarded form of Seton-Thompson; and also the
inclusion of Mr. Owen Wister and Mrs. Edith
Wharton among "the New York group " of present-
day novelists. Philadelpliians and Bostonians will
frown at this. The author's preface does well to
urge the cultivation of "the library habit" on the
student's part; and it also contains a glowing word
of promise for the future of our literature. Else-
where, too, the writer betrays an infectious fondness
for the treasures amid which he is working.
BRIEFER MENTION.
Mr. George P. Upton's "The Standard Concert
Repertory," published by Messrs. A. C. McClurg & Co.,
is a companion to the author's " Standard Operas " and
"Standard Concert Guide." It provides brief descrip-
tions of the overtures, suites, symphonic poems, etc.,
heard in modern concerts, and is a thoroughly judicious
and trustworthy guide for the layman who loves music.
About fourscore composers are represented, many by a
considerable number of examples. There are also some
fifty portraits, in groups of three to the page.
"The Master Painters of Britain " is the title of the
new special number of "The International Studio"
(John Lane Co.). It aims, through a series of beautiful
full-page reproductions of great paintings, with brief
comment, descriptive, critical, and biographical, to fur-
nish a complete survey of British painting from
Hogarth's time to the present. The editor is Mr.
Gleeson White, formerly editor of "The Studio."
Besides a page of comment on each picture, he has
written Introductions to the four chronological periods
into which, by style and tendency, the pictures are
grouped, and has compiled, for an appendix, brief biog-
raphical notes of the artists represented. One can hardly
imagine a more attractive and at the same time profitable
way of studying British art in informal, amateur fashion
than by the perusal of this beautiful picture book.
The reproductions, nearly 200 in number, are well
chosen and of excellent quality.
About a year ago, Professor Calvin Thomas published
the first part of " An Anthology of German Literature,"
giving selections (in modernized form) down to the
close of the medueval period. A second section has now
been compiled, extending from Luther down to the
classical age of Goethe and Schiller. These great poets
are indeed represented, but not typically, the intention
of the work being to serve as an introduction to the
study of the great period which began with them. There
are seventy-eight numbers in the entire anthology,
equally divided between the two sections, each number
being a book, an author, or a literary group. The
editor's modernized versions are confined to the first
section; the examples given in the second are literally
reproduced. The general principle of the selection is " to
give a good deal of the best rather than a little of every-
thing." Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co. publish the work.
Notes.
"The White Stone," in a translation made by the
capable hands of Mr. Charles £. Roche, is the latest
volume to be published in the new edition of the writ-
ings of M. Anatole France in English. It bears the
imprint of Mr. John Lane.
From the Torch Press, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, we have a
booklet containing " Wise Sayings and Favorite Passsagea
from the Works of Henry Fielding." It includes, besides
extracts from the novels, the " Essay on Conversation,"
and has been compiled by Mr. Charles W. Bingham.
The "Free Press Anthology," compiled by Mr.
Theodore Schroeder, and published by the Free Speech
League, New York, is a medley of extracts ranging from
Milton's "Areopagitica" and Mill on « Liberty" to
modern apologists for the frank discussion of matters of
sex and the open preaching of anarchism.
A new edition of "The Golden Treasury," published
by the Macmillan Co., includes both series of the
famous anthology in a single volume. It is the best
selection of lyrics that we have, despite the fact that the
editor's judgment did not in the second series display
the unerring quality that was exemplified in the first.
"A Dictionary of Quotations from English and
American Poets," revised and enlarged by Miss Anna
L. Ward, is published by Messrs. Thomas Y. Crowell
& Co. in their thin-paper series of poets. Other volumes
of this series are a Wordsworth with Lord Morley's
introductory essay, and a Lowell (the early poems now
out of copyright) edited by Mr. Nathan Haskell Dole.
A "Source History of the United States," prepared
by Professors Howard Walter Caldwell and Clark
Edmund Persiuger, is announced by Messrs. Ainsworth
& Co. The plan of the book is to present a fairly
consecutive and connected history of the evolution of
the American nation and people, the emphasis being
placed throughout upon political and social ideas and
ideals.
The "Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society" for
its thirtieth session are published by Messrs. Williams
& Norgate. There are seven papers and two symposia,
besides the customary official matter. Among the
contributors are Messrs. F. C. S. Schiller, Bernard
Bosanquet, J. H. Muirhead, and G. F. Stout. Discus-
sions of such subjects as Bergson and Pluralism show
that the Society is nothing if not up to date.
"The Stage History of Shakespeare's King Richard
the Third," by Miss Alice I. Perry Wood, is a recent
publication of the Columbia University Press. Perhaps
no other of the plays has had such varied fortunes as
this, or has suffered under such an indignity as was laid
upon it by Colley Cibber. The chapter on the fortunes
of tragedy in America, at the hands of Kean, Forrest,
Booth, Irving, and Mansfield, is of peculiar interest.
Attractive little bibliographies of Oliver Wendell
Holmes and Samuel Johnson, based on material in the
Brooklyn Public Library, are issued by that institution,
in uniform shape with its former centennial biblio-
graphies. The lists cover fourteen and sixteen duo-
decimo pages respectively, and contain all that even a
specialist has much need to concern himself with. In
the Johnson list the critical eye notes a misspelling of
Lichfield (with a superfluous t) on page nine.
Thirteen new volumes of " Crowell's Shorter French
Texts" have just been issned. They include three
plays of Moliere (" L'Avare," "Le Bourgeois Gentil-


1909.]
291
THE DIAL
homme," "Le Medecin Malgre' Lui"), all edited by
M. Maro Ceppi; six volumes of stories and sketches by
Dumas, Erckmann-Chatrian, About, Moreau, and Mme.
de Bawr; a " Choix de Poesies Faciles," edited by Mr.
W. M. Daniels; an abridgment of "L'Avocat Patelin";
a selection of "Poemes Napoldoniens "; and a " Choix
de Contes Populaires de la Haute-Bretagne."
The Macmillan Co. publish a volume of " Readings
in American Government and Politics," by Professor
Charles A. Beard, — a source-book to accompany the
author's text upon this subject, now in course of prepa-
ration. The selections are 237 in number, grouped in
32 chapters, from "Colonial Origins of American In-
stitutions " down to recent "Social and Economic Leg-
islation." The book affords a very valuable adjunct to
the work of instruction in American history and politi-
cal science.
A new volume has just been published by the Messrs.
Scribner in the series of " Original Narratives of Early
American History." It has for its contents "Narra-
tives of New Netherland " from 1609 to 1664, and is
edited by Professor J. Franklin Jameson. The Hudson
narratives of van Meteres and Robert Juet lead off in
the list of contents, which ends with Stuyvesant's report
of the surreuder of the province to the English. There
are an even score of documents altogether, most of them
translated from the Dutch.
An article on " The Religion of a Sensible American,"
by President David Starr Jordan, is now published as
a booklet, with additions, by the American Unitarian
Association. It originally appeared in the "Hibbert
Journal." In it the author has " set forth the religious
belief and work of a friend, no longer living; one who
could stand without question as a sensible man, and one
whose thought and life were typical of the best which
we may call American." He is not named in the text,
but the book is dedicated to the memory of the late
Wilbur Wilson Thoburn, of Stanford University.
Welcome to English readers is a translation of M.
Bede's "Rembrandt und seine Zeitgenossen." It is
called " Great Masters of Dutch and Flemish Painting"
(Scribner), and the vivacity and picturesqueness of the
original has been well preserved by the translator,
Margaret L. Clark. Rembrandt is of course the prin-
cipal figure; nowhere else will one find his life and
work more sympathetically described. But Frans Hals,
Rubens, and Van Dyck, the Dutch masters of the genre
picture, of landscape and of still-life, each has separate
and dignified treatment. The illustrations, forty in
number, have been well chosen, but are less clearly
reproduced than they should be.
The "Bulletin of the Library Association of Port-
land," which appears monthly (excepting July and
August), calls attention to some of the good books of
all time, and also to some of the good books of the
present time as represented by the library's latest
accessions. Another designation of this library is the
"Free Public Library of Multonomah County," which
makes it evident that Portland in Oregon, and not
Portland in Maine, is the city rejoicing in the possession
of so intelligently active an institution. The September
number of the Bulletin opens with a short list of the
best essayists, each title followed by a quoted criticism.
In this and the other departments of the little paper
economy of space and printer's ink is carried so far as
to give, with a few exceptions, only the last names of
authors, as "Smith. Jewellery. 1908." The printed list
of branches and deposit stations is unexpectedly long.
List of New Books.
[The following List, containing 17S titles, includes books
received by The Dial since its last i»»u«.]
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Uvea of the Hanoverian Queens of England. By Alice
Drayton Greenwood. Illustrated in photogravure, etc.,
large 8vo, 426 pages. Macmillan Co. $3.60 net.
Oorot and His Friends. By Everard Meynell. Illustrated,
Hvo, 801 pages. A. Weasels Co. $3.25 net.
The Last King of Poland, and His Contemporaries, By
R. Nisbet Bain. Illustrated, large 8vo, 296 pages. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $3. net.
The Story of Isaac Brook: Hero, Defender, and Savior of
Upper Canada, 1812. By Walter R. Mursey. Illustrated in
color, etc., 8vo, 181 pages. "Canadian Heroes Series."
A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.50 net.
Bntler and His Cavalry, in the War of Secession, 1861-1865.
By IT. R. Brooks. With portrait, large 8vo, 591 pages.
Columbia. S. C: State Co. $2.50 net.
Fernando Cortes and his Conquest of Mexico, 1485-1547. By
Francis Augustus MacNutt. Illustrated, l2mo, 475 pages.
"Heroes of the Nations." G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.35 net.
Sir Henry Vane, Jr.: Governor of Massachusetts and Friend
of Roger Williams and Rhode Island. By Henry Melville
King. 12mo, 207 pages. Providence, R. I: Preston &
Rounds Co. $1.25 net.
Joshua James: Life-Saver. By Sumner I. Kimball. 12mo,
102 pages. Boston: American Unitarian Association.
60 cts. net.
HISTORY.
Men and Manners of Old Florence. By Gnido Biagl.
Illustrated in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, 320 pages. A. C.
McClurg & Co. $3.50 net.
Narratives of New Netherland: 1609-1664. Edited by J.
Franklin Jameson. Illustrated, large 8vo.478 pages. "Orig-
inal Narratives of Early American History." Charles
Scribner's Sons. $3. net.
A Political History of the State of New York. By De Alva
Stan wood Alexander. Vol. III., 1861-1882. Large 8vo, 561
pages. Henry Holt & Co. $2.50 net.
The Logs of the Conquest of Canada. Edited, with an In-
troduction, by Lt.-colonel William Wood. Large 8vo, 835
pages. Toronto: The Champlain Society.
An Introductory History of England from the Restoration
to the Beginning of the Great War. By C. R. L. Fletcher.
Vols. III. and IV., 1660-1815, completing the work. With
maps, Svo. E. P. Dutton ft Co. Per vol., $1.50 net.
The Federalist Party in Massachusetts to the Year 1800.
By Anson Ely Morse. Large Hvo, 231 pages. Princeton: Uni-
versity Library.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
One Day and Another. By E. V. Lucas. 16mo, 249 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
George Bernard Shaw. By Gilbert K. Chesterton. 12mo.
249 pages. John Lane Co. $1.50 net.
The Human Way. By Louise Collier Willcox. 8vo. 305 pages.
Harper & Brothers. $1.25 net.
Edgar Allan Poe. By Edmund Clarence Stedman. With por-
traits in photogravure. Hvo, 95 pages. Cedar Rapids. Iowa:
Torch Press. $2.50 net.
Lincoln the Leader, and Lincoln's Genius for Expression. By
Richard Watson Gilder. 16mo. 108 pages. Houghton Mifflin
Co. $1.
The Journal of a Recluse. Translated from the original
French. Illustrated, 12mo, 346 pages. Thomas Y. Crowell
&Co. $1.26 net.
Eloquent Sons of the South: A Handbook of Southern
Oratory. Edited by John Temple Graves. Clark Howell, and
Walter Williams. In2voluraes, with portraits,16mo. Boston:
Chappie Publishing Co.
The People's Hour, and Other Themes. By George Howard
Gibson. Illustrated, 12mo, 137 pages. Chicago: Englewood
Publishing Co. $1.
The Sense and Sentiment of Thackeray. Compiled by Mrs.
Charles Mason Fairbanks. With portrait in photogravure,
16mo, 156 pages. Harper & Brothers. 75 cts. net.
The Pocket Fielding: Wise Sayings and Favorite Passages
from the Works of Henry Fielding. l6mo. 122 pages. Cedar
Rapids, Iowa: Torch Press. 50 cts.


292
[Oct. 16,
THE
DIAL
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
The Life of Samuel Johnson. Hy James Boswell; edited by
Roger Ingpen. Bicentenary edition; in two vols., illus-
trated in photogravure, etc.. large 8vo. Sturgis & Walton
Co. Its. net.
Mary. By Bjornstjerne BJornson; translated by Mary Morison.
16mo. 233 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25.
The White Stone. By ADatole France; translated by Charles
E. Roche. Limited edition; 8vo, 239 pages. John Lane Co. $2.
The Life of Frederick the Great. By Thomas Carlyle:
abridged and edited by Edgar Sanderson: with introduction
by Roger Ingpen. Illustrated in photogravure, etc.. 8vo, 352
pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.50 net.
Ben Jonaon's English Grammar. Edited by Alice Vinton
Waite. ltmo, H9 pages. Sturgis& Walton Co. 75cts.net.
VERSE AND DRAMA.
Rosea : Four One-Act Plays. By Hermann Sudermann; trans-
lated by Grace Frank. 12mo, 182 pages. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $1.25 net.
The Great Divide : A Play in Three Acts. By William Vaughn
Moody. 12mo. 167 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.26 net.
The Poems of William Winter. With portrait. 8vo, 819
pages. Moffat, Yard & Co. (2. net.
The Golden Treasury. Edited by Francis T. Palgrave. New
edition, revised and enlarged: 2 volumes in one. 16mo,
279 pages. Macmillan Co. tl.SO.
The Collected Poems of Arthur Upson. Edited by
Richard Burton. In 2 volumes; with portrait in photogra-
vure, large 8vo. Minneapolis: Edmund D. Brooks. (5. net.
Pro Patria: Verses Chiefly Patriotic By Clinton Scollard.
12mo, 66 pages. Clinton, New York: George William
Browning, $1.
Man-Soner. By John G. Neihardt. 12mo, 124 pages. Mitchell
Kennerley. $1. net.
A Book of Quotations. By Frederick Rowland Marvin.
12mo, 101 pages. Boston: Sherman, French & Co. Il.net.
Orestes : A Drama in two Parts. By Leconte de Lisle: adapted
by A ml re Trldon and Arthur Guiterman. 8vo, 35 pages.
Brandon Press. Paper,
FICTION.
Ann Veronica. By H. G. Wells. Illustrated in color, 12mo,
377 pages. Harper & Brothers. 11.50.
Stradella. By F. Marion Crawford. Illustrated, 12mo. 415
pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50.
Northern Lights. By Sir Gilbert Parker. Illustrated, 12mo,
352 pages. Harper & Brothers. $150.
Forty Minutes Late, and Other Stories. By F. Hopkinson
Smith. Illustrated, 12mo, 224 pages. Charles Scribner'a
Sons. $1.50.
Julia Bride. By Henry James. Illustrated, 12mo, 83 pages.
Harper & Brothers. $1.25.
Martin Eden. By Jack London. With frontispiece, 12mo,
411 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50.
The Danger Mark. By Robert W. Chambers. Illustrated,
12mo. 495 pages. D. Appleton St Co. $1.50.
Susanna and Sue. By Kate Douglas Wlggln; illustrated in
color by Alice Barber Stephens and N. C. Wyeth. 8vo, 225
pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.50 net.
My Lady of the South: A Story of the Civil War. By
Randall Parrish. Illustrated in color, 12mo, 361 pages.
A. C. McClurg St Co. $1.50.
Jeanne of the Marshes. By E. Phillips Oppenheim. Illus-
trated, 12mo. 383 pages. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.50.
The Silver Horde. By Rex Beach. Illustrated, 12mo. 389 pages.
Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
Kezlah Coffin. By Joseph C. Lincoln. Illustrated, 12mo, 387
pages. D. Appleton St Co. $1.50.
Your Child and Mine. By Anne Warner. Illustrated, 12mo,
314 pages. Little. Brown. & Co. $1.50.
Old Rose and Silver. By Myrtle Reed. With frontispiece in
color, 12mo, 364 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.60 net.
Daphne in Fitzroy Street. By E. Nesbit. With frontispiece
in color, 12mo, 417 pages. Doubleday, Page St Co. $1.50.
The Wiving of Lance Cleaverage. By Alice MacGowan.
Illustrated in color, 12mo, 398 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1.86 net.
The Wares of Edgefield. By Eliza Orne White. 12mo, 439
pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
The Socialist. By Guy Thorne. 12mo, 360 pages. G. P. Put-
nam's Sons. $1.35 net.
A Court of Inquiry. By Grace 8. Richmond. Illustrated,
12mo, 177 pages. Doubleday, Page St Co. $1. net.
The Fortunate Prisoner. By Max Pemberton. Illustrated in
color, 12mo, 863 pages. G. W. Dillingham Co. $1.50.
The Bedemption of Kenneth Gait. By Will N. Harben.
With frontispiece, 12mo. 351 pages. Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
Samantha on Children's Bights. By Josiah Allen's Wife
(Martha Holley). Illustrated, 8vo, 318 pages. G. W. Dill-
ingham Co. $1.60.
An Amerloan Princess. By William Tillinghast Eldridge.
With frontispiece in color, 12mo, 255 pages. Sturgis & Walton
Co. $1.60.
Margarita's Soul: The Romantic Recollections of a Man of
Fifty. By Ingraham Lovell. Illustrated, 12mo, 304 pages.
John Lane Co. $1.50.
Phoebe Deane. By Grace Livingston Hill Lutx. Illustrated
in color, etc., 12mo. 830 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50.
Dootor Bast. By James Oppenheim. Illustrated, 12mo, 316
pages. Sturgis & Walton Co. $1.50.
The Yellow Circle. By Charles E. Walk. Illustrated in color,
12mo, 391 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.60.
The Holy Mountain: Satire on English Life. By Stephen
Reynolds. 12mo, 309 pages. John Lane Co. $1.60.
The Deeper Stain. By Frank Hird. 12mo. 330 pages. D.
Appleton St Co. $1.50.
When a Woman Woos. By Charles Marriott. 12mo, 335
pages. John Lane Co. $1.60.
The Man In the Tower. By Rupert S. Holland. Illustrated
in color, etc., 12mo, 311 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50.
The Way Things Happen. By Hugh de Selincourt. l2mo.
302 pages. John Lane Co. $1.60.
The Pride of the Graf tons. By Priscilla Craven. 12mo. 325
pages. D. Appleton St Co. $1.60.
Germaine. By Henry C. Rowland. 12mo, 321 pages. John
Lane Co. $1.50.
A Volunteer with Pike. By Robert Ames Bennet- Illus-
trated in color, 12mo, 453 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.50.
Under the Northern Lights. By Mrs. J. Carlton Ward.
Illustrated. 12mo, 272 pages. A. Wessels. $1.60.
Anne Page. By Netta Syrett. 12mo, 319 pages. John Lane
Co. $1.50.
The Counterpart. By Hornor Cotes. With frontispiece in
color, 12mo, 824 pages. New York: Macaulay Co. $1.50.
The Long Shadow. By B. M. Bower. Illustrated in color,
12mo. 320 pages, G. W. Dillingham Co. $1.25.
The Trimming of Goosie. By James Hopper. 12mo, 216
pages. Moffat, Yard St Co. $1.10 net.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
Holland of To-day. By George Wharton Edwards. Illus-
trated In color, etc., large 8vo, 217 pages. Moffat. Yard St
Co. $6. net.
Motoring In the Balkans: Along the Highways of Dalmatia,
Montenegro, the Herzegovina, and Bosnia. By Frances
Kinsley Hutchinson. Illustrated, 8vo, 841 pages. A. C.
McClurg St Co. $2.75 net.
A Wanderer In Paris. By E. V. Lucas. Illustrated in color,
12mo. 830 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.75 net.
The Gateway to the Sahara: Observations and Experiences
in Tripoli. By Charles Wellington Furlong. Illustrated
in color, etc., 8vo, 806 pages. Charles Scribner'a Sons.
$2.60 net.
Home Life In Turkey. By Lucy M. J.Garnett. Illustrated,
8vo, 294 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.75 net.
Bound the Lake Country. By Rev. H. D. Rawnsley. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 227 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.60 net.
The Wayfarer in New York. With introduction by Edward
S.Martin. l6mo, 266 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
Washington: Its Sights and Insights. By Mrs. Harriet
Earhart Monroe. Illustrated, 12mo, 184 pages. Funk *
Wagnails Co. $1. net.
BELIGION.
Church Unity: Studies of its Most Important Problems. By
Charles Augustus Briggs. 8vo, 469 pages. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $2.50 net.
Becent Christian Progress. Edited by Lewis Bayles Paton.
Large 8vo, 597 pages. Macmillan Co. $3 net.
Religion and Miracle. By George A. Gordon. 12mo. 244
pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.80 net.
Sixty Years With the Bible: A Record of Experience. By
William Newton Clarke. l2mo, 259 pages. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $1.25 net.


1909.]
293
THE DIAL
The Truth of Christianity. ByLt.-Col. W.H.Turton. Sixth
edition, revised; 12mo, 604 pages. O.P.Putnam's Sons, $1.25.
The Reunion of a Sensible Amerloan. By David Starr
Jordan. l2mo, 84 pages. Boston: American Unitarian
Association. 80 cts. net.
The Spiritual World as Described in the Writings of Eman-
uel Swedenborg. By J. Howard Spalding. 16mo, 96 pages.
Frederick Warne & Co. 60 cts. net.
The Teaohlng of Our Lord as to the Indissolubility of
Marriage. By Stuart Lawrence Tyson. 12mo. 89 pages.
Sewanee, Tennessee: University Press. 60 cts net.
Six Modern Devils. By William K. Keesey. 16mo, 154 pages.
New York: Eaton & Mains. 35 cU. net.
PHILOSOPHY.
The Bight to Believe. By Eleanor Harris Rowland. 12mo,
202 pages. Honghton Mifflin Co. 11.25 net.
The Philosophy of Change. By D. P. Rhodes. 12mo, 389
pages. Macmillan Co. $2. net.
PUBLIC AFFAIRS.
The Conquest of the Isthmus. By Hugh C. Weir. Illus-
trated. 8vo. 238 pages. Q. P. Putnam's Sons. 12. net.
Socialism and the Social movement. By Werner Sombart;
translated by M. Epstein. 12mo, 319 pages. E. P. Dutton
&Co. $1.50 net.
Medical Sociology. By James Peter Warbasse. 8vo, 355
pages. D. Appleton A Co. $2. net.
The City of the Dinner-Pall. By Jonathan Thayer Lincoln.
12mo, 186 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.26 net.
Elements of Transportation: A Discussion of Steam Rail-
road. Electric Railway, and Ocean and Inland Water Trans-
portation. By Emory R. Johnson. Illustrated. 12mo, 360
pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.60 net.
Sociology: Its Simpler Teachings and Applications. By James
Quayle Dealey. 12mo, 405 pages. Silver, Burdett& Co. $1.50.
SCIENCE AND NATURE.
Light. By Richard C. Maclaurin. Illustrated, 12mo, 251 pages.
"Jesup Lectures." New York: Columbia University Press.
$1.50 net.
The Grizzly Bear: The Narrative of a Hunter Naturalist,
Historical. Scientific. Adventurous. By William H.Wright.
Illustrated. 8vo, 274 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50 net.
Star-Gazer's Hand-Book: A Brief Guide for Amateur Stu-
dents of Astronomy. By Henry W. Elson. Illustrated, 16mo,
55 pages. Sturgis & Walton Co. 50 cts. net.
AST AND MUSIC.
Art In Great Britain and Ireland. By Sir Walter Armstrong.
Illustrated in color, etc., 12mo, 331 pages. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $1.50 net.
One Hundred Country Houses: Modern American Exam-
ples. By Almar Embury, II. Illustrated, 4to, 264 pages.
Century Co. $3. net.
Standard Concert Repertory, and Other Concert Pieces: A
Handbook of the Standard Overtures. Suites. Symphonic
Poems, Rhapsodies, Fantasias, etc., in the Modern Concert
Repertory for the Use of Concert Goers. By George P. Upton.
Illustrated, 12mo, 449 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.75.
The Churohes of Coventry: A Short History of the City and
its Medieval Remains. By Frederick W. Woodhouse. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 102 pages. Macmillan Co.
Coloratura Album for Soprano. Edited by Eduardo Marzo.
Large 8vo, 155 pages. Oliver Ditson Co. $1.
HEALTH AND HYGIENE.
Nerves and Common Sense. By Annie Payson Call. 12mo,
279 pages. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.25 net.
Text-Book of Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses. Com-
piled by Diana Clifford Kimber. Illustrated, large 8vo, 438
pages. Macmillan Co, $2.50 net.
The Care and Feeding of Children. By L. Emmett Holt.
Fifth edition; revised and enlarged, ltmo, 195 pages. D.
Appleton & Co.
The Human Body and Health. By Alvin Davidson. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 223 pages. American Book Co. 60 cts. net.
BOOKS OF REFERENCE.
A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion Compiled
and Arranged from Official Records of the Armies, Reports
of the Adjutant Generals, the Army Registers, and Other
Sources. By Frederick H. Dyer, 4to. 1796 pages. Cedar
Rapids, la.: Torch Press. $10. net.
Want List of Periodicals. New Edition, 1909. 8vo. 241 pages.
Washington; Government Printing Office.
Want List of Publications of Societies. New edition. 1909.
8vo. 228 pages. Washington: Government Printing Office.
HOLIDAY GIFT BOOKS.
Rubalyat of Omar Khayyam. Translated by Edward Fitz-
Gerald; edited by Reynold Alleyne Nicholson: illustrated
in color by Gilbert James. Large 8vo, 203 pages. Macmillan
Co. $2.50 net.
Worcestershire. Described by A. G. Bradley; painted by
Thomas Tyndale. Large 8vo, 173 pages. Macmillan Co.
$3. net.
Shakespeare's Love Story, 1580-1609. By Anna Benneson
McMahan. Illustrated, large 8vo, 83 pages. A. C. McClurg
ACo. $2.50 net.
Dutch Bulbs and Gardens. Described by Una Silberrad
and Sophie Lyall; painted by Mima Nixon. Large 8vo, 172
pages. Macmillan Co. $2. net.
China. Pictures by Mortimer Menpes: text by Sir Henry
Arthur Blake. Illustrated in color, etc., large 8vo, 139
pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
The Courtln'. By James Russell Lowell; illustrated in color
by Arthur I. Keller. 8vo. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.60 net.
Tales of Edgar Allan Poe. Illustrated in photogravure, etc.,
by Frederick Simpson Coburn. 12mo, 491 pages. Q. P.
Putnam's 8ons. $1.60.
The Boyhood of Christ. By Lew Wallace. Illustrated in
tint, 8vo, 101 pages. Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
The Violet Book. Arranged by Willis Boyd Allen. With
frontispiece and page decorations, 8vo, 193 pages. G. W.
Jacobs & Co. $1.80 net.
The Land of the Blue Flower. By Frances Hodgson Burnett.
With frontispiece in color, 12mo, 68 pages. Moffat, Yard &
Co. 75 cts. net.
What Does Christmas Really Mean. By Jenkin Lloyd
Jones; illustrated by John T. McCutcheon. New edition;
12mo, 22 pages. Chicago: Forbes & Co. 60 cts. net.
Foolish Questions. By R. L. Goldberg. Illustrated, 12mo.
Small, Maynard &, Co.
Wags: Philosophy of a Peaceful Pup. By Morgan Shepard.
Illustrated in color, 16mo. A. Wessels. 50 cts.
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
Maggie McLanehan. By Gullelma Zollinger. Holiday edi"
tion; illustrated in color by Florence Scovel Shinn. 12mo,
811 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.60.
Captain Chub. By Ralph Henry Barbour. Illustrated, 12mo,
400 pages. Century Co. $1.50.
Betty Balrd's Golden Year. By Anna Hamlin Weikel-
Illustrated, 12mo, 306 pages. Little, Brown & Co. $1.60.
From Sioux to Susan. By Agnes McClelland Daulton. Illus-
trated. l2mo, 342 pages. Century Co. $1.50.
The Story of Rustem. and Other Persian Hero Tales from
Firdusi. By Elizabeth D. Renninger. Illustrated in color,
12mo, 361 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50 net.
At the Baok of the North Wind. By George Macdonald.
Illustrated in color, 8vo, 348 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50.
The Key of the Unknown. By Rosa Nouchette Carey. With
portrait, 12mo, 863 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50.
Stories from Old Chronicles. Edited by Kate Stephens.
Illustrated, 12mo, 363 pages. Sturgis & Walton Co. $1.60.
The Boys' Life of Ulysses S. Grant. By Helen Nicolay.
Illustrated, 12mo, 400 pages. Century Co. $1.60.
Shovelhorns: The Biography of a Moose. By Clarence
Hawkes. Illustrated. 12mo, 270 pages. George W. Jacobs
&Co. $1.50.
The Boy's Catlin: My Life among the Indians. By George
Catlin; edited, with biographical sketch, by Mary Gay
Humphreys. Illustrated, 8vo, 380 pages. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $1.50 net.
The Garden of Eden: Stories from the First Nine Books of
the Old Testament. By George Hodges. Illustrated in
color, etc., 8vo, 202 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.50.
The Lass of the Silver Sword. By Mary Constance Du Bois.
Illustrated, 12mo, 425 pages. Century Co. $1.60.
The Girls of Fairmount. By Etta Anthony Baker. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 295 pages. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.50.
A Son of the Desert. By Bradley Oilman.! Illustrated, 12mo,
863 pages. Century Co. $1.60.
Donkey John of the Toy Valley. By Margaret Warner
Morley. Illustrated, 12mo, 298 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co.
$1.25.


294
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
An Island Secret. By Earle O. McAllister. Illustrated, 12mo,
894 pages. Dana Bates & Co. $1.60.
Wigwam Evenings: Sioux Folk Tales Retold. By Charles
A. Eastman and Elaine Ooodale Eastman. Illustrated.
12mo, 263 pages. Little. Brown, & Co. $1.25.
Sore-Dart: A Story of Strange Hunters and Stranger Game
in the Days of Monsters. By Frederick H. Costello. Illus-
trated, 12mo. 320 pages. A. C. McClurg St, Co. $1.25.
When Sarah Saved the Day. By Elsie Singmaster. Illus-
trated. 12mo. 1S6 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.
The Dog Crusoe: A Tale of the Western Prairies. By H. M'
Ballantyne. Illustrated, 12mo, 381 pages. John C. Winston
Co.
The Lottie Lane Paper Family. Designed by Sheila Young
Illus. in color, 4to. George W. Jacobs Si Co. $1.
The Land of Really True: Being the Everyday Life of
Great-A. Little-A, and Bouncing-B. By Milllcent Olmsted.
Illustrated in color, 8vo, 187 pages. George W. Jacobs &
Co. $1.
Kitty Kat Klmmie: A Cat's Tale. By S. Louise Patteson.
Illustrated, 8vo, 211 pages. George W. Jacobs & Co.
On the Gridiron, and Other Stories of Outdoor Sport. By
Jesse Lynch Williams, S. Scoville., Jr., J. Conover, W. J.
Henderson, and Paul Hull. Illustrated, 12mo, 223 pages.
Harper & Brothers. 60 cts. net.
Bibloal Stories Retold for Children. By Edith Ogden
Harrison. Comprising: The Polar Star and Aurora Borealis;
Ladder of Moonlight and Cotton Myth; The Mocking-Bird
and Sunrise and Sunset. Each illustrated in color by
Lucy Fitch Perkins; 12mo. A. C. McClurg & Co. Per vol.,
60 cts. net.
The Bunnlklns-Bunnles in Camp. By Edith B. Davidson.
Illustrated in color, etc., 16mo, 96 pages. Houghton Mifflin
Co. 60 cts. net.
EDUCATION.
An Anthology of German Literature. By Calvin Thomas.
12mo, 410 pages. D. C. Heath & Co. $2.26 net.
Principles of Eduoational Woodwork: A Handbook for
Teachers and Others Interested in Education. By Charles
L. Binns and Rufus E. Marsden. Illustrated, 12mo, 810
pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.60 net.
Readings in Amerloan Government and Politics. By
Charles A. Beard. 8vo, 620 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.90 net.
Coordinate Geometry. By Henry Burchard Fine and Henry
Dallas Thompson. 12mo, 300 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.60 net.
A Constitutional History of England. By A. M. Chambers.
12mo. 355 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.40 net.
How to Study, and Teaching How to Study. By F. M.
McMurry. 12mo, 324 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.20 net.
A Source History of the United States. By Howard Walter
Caldwell and Clark Edmund Persinger. 8vo, 484 pages.
Chicago: Alnsworth & Co.
Foundations of German. By C. F. Kayser and F. Monteser.
12mo, 224 pages. American Book Co. 80 cts. net.
An Outline History of the Roman Empire, 44 B. C. to
378 A. D. By William Stearns Davis. Illustrated, 16mo, 218
pages. Macmillan Co. 65 cts. net.
Selections from Byron, Wordsworth, Shelley, Keats and
Browning. Edited by Charles Townsend Copeland and
Henry Milner Rideont. With portrait, 16mo, 811 pages.
American Book Co. 40 cts. net.
Le Comte de Monte-Crlsto. By Alexandre Dumas; edited
by C. Fontaine. l6mo, 208 pages. American Book Co.
Crowell's Shorter French Texts. New Vols.: Sebillot's
Choix de Contes Populaires, edited by E. K. Sheldon;
Brueys et Palaprat's L'Avocat Patelin, edited by Marc
Ceppi; Erckmann-Cbatraian's Le Trfisor du Vieux Seigneur,
edited by W. M. Daniels; Moreau's Contes a Ma Sceur,
edited by L. Lailavoix; About's Les Jumeaux de FHotel
Corneille. edited by S. Tindall; Mme. De Bawr's Michel
Perrin, edited by F. G. Harriman; Moliere's La Medecln
malgre lul. La Bourgeois Gentilbomme, and L'Avare, edited
by Marc Ceppi; Recits tires des Impressions de Voyage
d'Alexandre Dumas,edited by Mansion: Dumas'sL'Evasion,
edited by R. T. Cur rail: Poemes Napoleoniens, edited by A.
Auras; Choix de Poesies Faciles, edited by W. M. Daniels.
Each 16mo. Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. Per vol., 25 cts.net.
Report of the Board of Education of the State of Connecti-
cut for the Years 1906-9. Large 8vo. Published by the State.
Ethioal and Moral Instruction in Schools. By George
Herbert Palmer. 18mo, 64 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
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The Conquest of the Air; or, The Advent of Aerial Naviga-
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Moffat. Yard & Co. $1. net.
Aa Old as the Moon: Cuban Legends, Folklore ot the Antilles.
By Florence Jackson Stoddard. Illustrated, l2mo. 206 paces.
Doableday. Pace & Co. $1. net.
Elements of Agriculture. By G. F. Warren. Illustrated,
12mo, 434 paces. Macmillan Co. $1.10 net.
The Navajos. By Oscar H. Lipps. Illustrated in color, etc.,
l2mo. 136 pages. Cedar Rapids, low a: Torch Press, tl.net.
More Charades. By William Bellamy. l6mo. Houghton
Mifflin Co. (1. net.
Free Press Anthology. Compiled by Theodore Sohroeder.
Large Svo, 267 pages. New York: Truth Seeker Publishing Co.
A New Volume in The Art of Life Series.
Edward Howard Galeae, Editor.
SELF-MEASUREMENT
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has the suggestion of a co-operative index covering a well-
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[Oct. 16, 1909
THE DIAL
IMPORTANT NEW TEXT-BOOKS
CHAMBERLIN AND SALISBURY'S COLLEGE GEOLOGY
By Thomas C. Chamberun and Rollin D. Salisbury, Professors in the University of Chicago. (America*
Science Serits.) xvi + 978 pp. i2mo. $3.50.
RIETZ AND CRATHORNE'S COLLEGE ALGEBRA
By H. L. Rietz, Assistant Professor of Mathematics in the University of Illinois, and Dr. A. R. Crathorse,
Associate in Mathematics in the University of Illinois. (Mathematical Series.) xi + 261 pp. 8vo. $1-40.
HALL AND FRINK'S TRIGONOMETRY
By A. G. Hall, Professor of Mathematics in the University of Michigan, and F. G. Frink, Consulting
Engineer. (Mathematical Series.) x 4-239 pp. 8vo. (1.25.
SEAGER'S ECONOMICS briefer course
By Henry R. Seager, Professor in Columbia University. xii4-476 pp. 12010. $1.75.
HITCHCOCK'S ENLARGED PRACTICE BOOK IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION
By Alfred M. Hitchcock, Head of the English Department in the Hartford (Conn.) Public High School.
xiv + 374 pp. tamo. $1.00.
ALDEN'S INTRODUCTION TO POETRY
By Raymond M. Alden, Assistant Professor in Leland Stanford Junior University.
xvi + 371 pp. i2mo. fi.25-
OLD TESTAMENT NARRATIVES
Selected and, edited with an introduction, by George H. Nettleton, Ph.D., Assistant Professor in Yale
University. xxxvii + 294 pp. i6mo. 60 cents.
SEWARD'S NARRATIVE AND LYRIC POEMS
By S. S. Seward, Jr., Assistant Professor in Stanford University. xv4-512 pp. i6mo. $1.00.
CANBY'S THE SHORT STORY IN ENGLISH
By Henry S. Canby, Assistant Professor in the Sheffield Scientific School. xiii + 386 pp. i2mo. ft.6;
BURTON'S MASTERS OF THE ENGLISH NOVEL
By Richard Burton, Professor in the University of Minnesota. 331 pp. $1.25.
JONES'S LOGIC, INDUCTIVE, AND DEDUCTIVE
By Adam L. Jones, Professor in Columbia University. x 4- 304 pp. i2mo. $1.00.
GORDON'S ESTHETICS By Kate Gordon.
V + 3I5 PP- tamo. $1.50.
BIERWIRTH'S BEGINNING GERMAN new edition
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ARMSTRONG'S SYNTAX OF THE FRENCH VERB
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REMSEN'S INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF CHEMISTRY new edition
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RUSSELL AND KELLY'S LABORATORY MANUAL OF FIRST YEAR SCIENCE
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THE DIAL
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THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
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THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
Entered u Second-Class Matter October 8, 1S92, at the Post Office
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iVo. 561. NOVEMBER 1, 1909. Vol. XLVII.
Contents.
PAGE
SOME MEDDLESOME LEGISLATION 319
SPELLING REFORM IN EXTREMIS. Paul
Shorty 321
CASUAL COMMENT 323
Finding oneself a character in fiction. — A carious
commentary on the methods of publishers. — The
North Pole in poetry. — A pessimistic poet's hope-
less task. — A laureateship almost declined.—The
Laurence Sterne of France. —The best-selling book
of philosophy. — The dying request of an eccentrio
book-collector. — The abiding love of good litera-
ture.— A subject-index of a great public library.
FROM LITERARY LONDON. (Special Correspon-
dence.) Clement K. Shorter 326
COMMUNICATIONS 327
The Historical Pageant in America. Ellis Paxson
Oberholtzer.
Sophie Jewett — A Tribute. Laura A. Hibbard.
THE MAKING OF AN AFRICAN EXPLORER.
Percy F. Bicknell 328
THE POET AS DRAMATIST. Edward E. Hale, Jr. 330
THE LITERARY HISTORY OF ROME. Grant
Showerman 832
TWO GREAT MASTERS OF ENGLISH POETRY.
James W. Tupper 334
NEW LIGHT ON THE RELIGIOUS WARS IN
FRANCE. Henry E. Bourne 335
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 337
Familiar life of S. A. Douglas. — A rosy view of
factory life in New England. — An inquiry into
the values of our philosophic life. — " Psychology
and the Teacher." — Practical aids to the study
of librarianship. — Government of the Australian
Commonwealth.—Pen-sketches of Speakers of the
House.
BRIEFER MENTION 339
NOTES 340
TOPICS IN NOVEMBER PERIODICALS ... 341
LIST OF NEW BOOKS 341
SOME MEDDLESOME LEGISLATION.
That public education is the function of the
State rather than of the municipality, is a prin-
ciple that we have always maintained. The
State is bound to see to it that throughout its
area the means of education are provided upon
as ample a scale as the general prosperity of the
commonwealth makes advisable. The parsimony
of the particular locality must not be permitted
to keep its schools below the generally accepted
standard, and the locality which would find it a
real hardship to provide the needed support is
entitled to assistance at the expense of more
favored communities. On the other hand, the
essentials being secured by law, the business of
administration is distinctly a local affair, and it
is in the last degree unwise for the State to
prescribe matters of detail, or to interfere in
questions that call for expert educational know-
ledge. The average legislature is about as well
fitted to handle such delicate questions as it
would be to regulate the circulation of books
by public libraries or the scientific management
of hospitals.
If we try to imagine the law of the State
declaring that no library shall pay more than a
dollar a volume for any of its books, or that the
patients in every hospital shall be given fixed
doses of certain specified drugs once a week, we
shall have an exact parallel to the sort of educa-
tional legislation which is imposed with blithe
and self-satisfied ignorance upon the hapless
schools of many a town and city throughout this
country. Through the efforts of well-meaning
people, whose judgment is as faulty as their
intentions are good, a considerable number of
our states have long been burdened with laws
imposing upon their schools a cast-iron require-
ment concerning the teaching of physiology with
reference to the use of alcohol and tobacco. The
mischievous ingenuity of these laws is almost
beyond belief. They demand that certain dog-
mas be enforced upon children with the most
damnable iteration year after year, — dogmas
that even a child's experience knows to be
unsound; and they make it almost impossible
for text-books of physiology written in scientific
language to be used in public schools. Men of
science are practically unanimous in condemning


320
[Nov. 1,
THE
DIAL
these requirements, but the fanatics and doc-
trinaires have their way with the legislatures,
and the voice of reason avails for nothing. Thus
science is discredited, the canker of insincerity
affects the teacher's work, and reasonable
admonition against the evils of intemperance
misses its opportunity altogether.
The Illinois legislature at its last session
distinguished itself by imposing two singularly
foolish laws upon the public schools of the State.
One of these laws fixes a maximum price for
every text-book used in the elementary schools;
that is, it forbids the authorization of any text-
book that the publishers do not offer to supply
at or below the price thus specified. The other
law imposes upon all the teachers in the State
the obligation to devote a certain amount of
time each week to the inculcation of ideas con-
cerning the humane treatment of the lower
animals.
Considering now the first of these amazing
prescriptions, it is to be noted that the prices
fixed are far below those at which the best books
are obtainable. There is no reason to believe
that the best books will be offered at the spe-
cified prices, for the simple reason that compe-
tition has already forced their prices to about
as low a level as possible. Despite the " book
trust" bogey that obsesses many minds, com-
petition among school-book publishers has al-
ready made unreasonable prices a practical
impossibility, and the margin of practicable
reduction is a narrow one in most cases. The
only possible effect of the law must then be to
force the substitution of distinctly inferior books
for many of those hitherto in use. Now to save
the child a few cents in the price of one of his
school books is as good an example of a penny-
wise and pound-foolish policy as could well be
imagined. It runs counter to the elementary
truism that a text-book is a tool, an instrument
of precision, and that it has to be employed in
one of the most delicate of the arts. A teacher
who does not have the use of the best book
available is like a railway engineer furnished
with a cheap watch, a meteorological expert
with a cheap barometer, or a violinist with a
cheap fiddle. In these cases, the use of the
inferior implement would be universally recog-
nized as an inconceivable folly; but in the case
of the teacher, there seems to exist in many
minds a notion that the implements he uses do
not greatly matter. The making of text-books
is now comparable in refinement, in the nice
fitting of means to ends, with the making of
microscopes and chronometers, and the best of
them would be cheap at almost any price. The
injury done to education by debarring the best
books from use is immeasurably greater than
the benefit derived from the trifling economy
that is thus effected.
Our second law, the one that makes humane
instruction compulsory in all the Illinois schools,
is a legislative "freak" which it is difficult to
discuss seriously. All competent moralists are
agreed that the one way not to be employed in
developing the ethical instincts is the way of
direct precept at stated periods. Yet in the
present instance one particular sort of moral
training is singled out, and is to be forced down
the throats of all the young people at school in
weekly doses of half-hour size (although daily
six-minute doses are considerately permitted as
an alternative), and this process is to be contin-
ued ad nauseam from the kindergarten to the
college. A plan better calculated to dull the
moral consciousness and make the sympathies
callous could hardly have been devised, and in
the very name of the humanity which the mis-
guided sponsors of this law seek to foster we
enter our protest against it. Moreover, not
content with securing its primary aim of uni-
versal instruction in this subject, the law makes
the drastic requirement that the instruction
shall be given by every teacher in every school
supported by public taxation in the State,
enforcing the requirement by the penalty of a
heavy fine for non-compliance. This means
that a weekly half-hour shall be devoted to the
work in every elementary school, every high
and normal school, and even (for the law makes
no allowances) in the State University. It also
makes teachers of all sorts, special teachers in
all the higher schools, teachers of singing and
drawing and chemistry and gymnastics and
geometry, amenable to the law and the penalty
provided. Such a law, however unwise, is at
least workable in an elementary school, where
every teacher instructs the same group of chil-
dren in a variety of subjects; but in its appli-
cation to one of the higher schools it spells
nothing less than chaos. Its absurdity is so
manifest that we cannot believe that it will long
remain unrepealed, or at the very least unmodi-
fied in its terms. It is, in its existing form, a
singularly vicious example of the sort of legis-
lative tinkering with education that works mis-
chief wherever it is attempted. And the worst
of it is that it tends to bring into discredit one
of the noblest objects of ethical endeavor.


1909.]
321
THE DIAL
SPELLING REFORM IN EXTREMIS.
"It is not good to exult over the slain," says
Homer. Spelling reform is moribund, and it would
be unseemly to mock at its death-rattles. President
Roosevelt's order has been rescinded. The people
refuse to take the subject seriously, being little in-
clined, in Arnold's phrase, to wander forty years in
the wilderness in order that posterity may enter a
very problematic orthographical Canaan. A few
radical journals try to put the new program thru;
the majority are recalcitrant. The great publishers
will have nothing to do with it. The scholars who
are alleged to be sound in the faith show themselves
extremely lukewarm in the testimony of works.
The consensus of literary and academic opinion is
hostile. Spelling reform is dead, and in his lately-
published volume, "English Spelling and Spelling
Reform," Professor Lounsbury writes its epicedium
in the guise of an argument.
More in anger than in sorrow, we note with
amusement. He has been devoting his Carnegie
leisures to the maintenance against all comers of
two theses. The first is, that in matters of diction
and idiom, whatever is is right, or at any rate
"equally as good " if predicated " upon prevailing
usage. What the people say "goes," and is not
to be "cut out" at the dictation of "highbrows."
Why eschew short cuts ?" Female college " is con-
venient, and "simplified spelling board" is pregnant
with suggestiveness. The second thesis, and the one
with which we are here concerned, is that in the
matter of spelling whatever is is wrong. Conscious
of public approval, he writes on the first topic with
his customary good-humor. But the stubbornness
of a wicked and perverse generation in rejecting
his epanorthographical gospel induces in him a
Jeremianic mood, the conflict of which with his
native geniality of temperament provokes a smile.
He is hurt by the "intemperate invective" of his
opponents. But he will not retort in kind. The hard-
est thing that he can find it in his heart to say of them
is that they do not belong to the "higher class of
minds, who have been gained over"; that although
theirs is a " mild form of imbecility " their " procliv-
ities are violently asinine"; that being "ill-informed,"
"semi-educated," or "educated ignoramuses," they
are also ignoramuses, not to say idiots"; that they
manifest a "continuous incapacity" to apprehend
reason ; that they dwell in an "atmosphere of serene
ignorance," and the " extent of their linguistic igno-
rance and the depth of their orthographic depravity"
cannot be fathomed; that they should confine their
"displays of vast and varied stores of misinforma-
tion" and their "pitiful exhibitions of ignorance"
to the circle of "friends ignorant enough to sym-
pathize with them"; that "the annals of fatuity will
be searched in vain for utterances more fatuous"
than theirs, and that their "innate incapability of
comprehension and the orthographic iniquity in
which they are steeped " abandon them to "dismal
and unreal hallucinations" and "ghastly specters
of an argument," and account for the "utter shal-
lowness" of their reasoning and the "utter hol-
lowness" of their objections. We are glad that
Professor Lounsbury holds himself in check, and
treats our " gabble " with a "singular lenience which
it does not deserve."
Herbert Spencer thought that all criticism of his
particular version of evolution betrayed the intel-
lectual limitations of the old ladies of his boarding
house, whose conversation embittered his morning
coffee. Similarly, everyone who hesitates to hustle
the evolution of orthography along the lines pre-
dicted and prescribed by a self-constituted board,
perhaps too much "simplified" to see all aspects of
so many-sided a question, is assimilated in Professor
Lounsbury's jaundiced vision to the Englishman
whose honor is rooted in a U, to the fine old crusted
Tories who denounce in the "Times" the encroach-
ments of American spelling, or the naive if not
apocryphal gentlemen who declare that the spelling
of Shakespeare is good enough for them.
His publishers proclaim and his methods show
that he is appealing to a popular jury. He could
not complain, then, if the opposing advocate availed
himself to the utmost of the natural human distaste
for violent interference with existing associations
which he so bitterly deplores as the main obstacle
to the triumph of the righteous cause. Such an
employment of ridicule as the test of (pragmatic)
truth would be quite as fair as his own appeal to
popular sentiment in favor of everything which
labels itself "progress" or "science," quite as fair
as his representation that the issue is sharply joined
between sound linguistics and sentimental literary
sciolism, quite as loyal, to animadvert on a typical
detail, as his implication (p. 63) that Matthew
Arnold did not know the Greek derivation of
"diocese."
Professor Lounsbury should learn from his Mill
that an argument is not met at all until met in its
strongest statement; and from his Burke that in
large and complicated social questions the conserva-
tive instinct, which he denounces as prejudice, is an
indispensable brake on the workings of another
instinct which impatient doctrinaires dignify by the
■ame of "progress" or "evolution," and which, if
not so checked, would conduct mankind to most
preposterous conclusions. Viewed in this light, con-
servative feeling may deserve respect even in those
who cannot support it by presentable arguments.
No philosophical conservative can be quite sure in
far-reaching issues that his resistance to question-
begging " progress " is absolutely wise. His general
conservatism, like the radicalism of his opponents,
is a great parti pris. But in a generation that is
intoxicated with the idea of change, and habitually
confounds unconscious with consciously engineered
and exploited evolution, an intelligent man may
well feel that the conservative literary instinct in so
large a matter as language puts the burden of proof


322
[Nov. 1,
THE
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heavily on the other aide. I have personally no
shibboleths, and no strong feeling for or against
spelling one or two, or a dozen or two, words in
this way or that. But I have a strong dislike of
systematizing interference with language, and a
strong distrust of all personally conducted evolutions
or revolutions. And my feeling is not lessened by
the historical example to which Professor Louns-
bury innocently appeals. He cites the French
Revolution to illustrate the thoroughgoing logical
consistency in reform of the French mind in con-
trast to the Englishman's besotted acquiescence in
anomaly. The pertinency of this illustration is not
apparent to me unless I am to think the French
way in that instance the better. I do not
There is little space to scrutinize Professor Louns-
bury's facts, logic, and linguistic principles in detail.
His argument constantly faces two ways. The value
of the proposed reform is magnified on the tacit
assumption that it is to be thoroughgoing and con-
sistent. Objections of large scope are minimized or
made to appear pettifogging cavils by the admission
that consistent spelling by the sound is beyond our
reach, and the inference that it is petty prejudice to
resist the rectification of a few anomalies. It does
not require an expert dialectician to perceive that
this reasoning is reversible. If the changes are to
be considerable, the broad objections, sound or
unsound, recover their prima facie claim to a
respectful hearing. If they are to be slight, why all
this agitation? The divergence from English usage,
for example, already regrettable, will become a grave
matter if carried much farther. No tinkering with
present conventions can be tolerated that is not
acceptable to all English-speaking peoples. Again,
the argument that the usefulness of existing printed
books will be impaired can be made to look foolish
only by insisting that reform will not proceed fast
or far. Professor Lounsbury assures us that it will
not. We believe him — and for cause; the ignora-
muses whom he denounces have seen to that. But
how far and how fast would the "horses of Euthy-
phron" have carried us if we had given them their
heads?
Professor Lounsbury dwells so invidiously on the
ignorance of his opponents that we are justified in
replying that the kind of expert knowledge on which
he chiefly insists is neither a very high order of
scholarship nor, what is more to the point, so rele-
vant to the question in hand as he supposes. By
linguistic scholarship he seems to understand ac-
quaintance with the history of English lexicography
and the past variations of English spelling. We
like quite as well for the present purpose Pater's
definition, which is in effect that scholarship consists
in the habitual and summary recognition of the pre-
ferences of the language to which we are born. The
fact that English orthography has fluctuated wildly
may be a sufficient answer to controversialists who
attribute a superstitious sanctity to our present spell-
ing. It is not necessarily an argument in favor of
altering the established and standardized usage of
to-day. Nor is a note-book erudition in respect to
these past irrationalities an essential prerequisite for
a wise judgment as to the desirability of upsetting
the literary associations of an entire generation.
Matthew Arnold's point about the London Times's
then arbitrary and whimsical spelling "diocess " was
in no wise affected by the fact that Johnson's dic-
tionary spelled it so. An hour or two in the British
Museum would have acquainted Arnold with this
fact, and with all the other facts which his critic
flings at his head, had they been pertinent to his
purpose. We read, then, with interest Professor
Lounsbury's chapter on "Hono(u)r," his account of
the variations between "er" and " re," and the other
historical details with which he pads his argument.
But we deny in toto their relevancy to the present
issue. And we can only smile at the airs of triumph
over men quite as scholarly as himself with which
he exhibits to the people the particular wares of his
own specialty.
The same may be said of his scorn of the argu-
ment for the preservation of etymology. It is easy,
but superfluous, for him to show that this argument
is often urged by those who know less of etymology
than he does; that no absolute consistency is attain-
able in the matter, and that any system of spelling
will obscure some etymologies and reveal others.
All this does not alter the fact that the general
tendency of the innovations proposed is towards
the obscuration of now transparent etymologies,
and that this, though not a conclusive objection to
demonstrated countervailing gains, is, so far as it
goes, a consideration to be weighed with others,
and cannot be magisterially dismissed or laughed
out of court.
If now we turn to larger questions of linguistic
principle, there is much to give us pause. The plea
is repeatedly made that a rational spelling will con-
serve pronunciation. It would prevent the London
newsboy from crying "pipers" and preserve the
"Italian a" in the mouth of the Illinois "sucker."
Professor Lounsbury's controversial eagerness here
gets the better of his scientific conscience. A con-
ceivable tendency of this kind no one is in a position
to deny. But history lends it little support. Why
in the thirteenth century did English "a" change
to an 0 sound? Why did English "i," unequivo-
cally denoted, change? How did it happen that
almost the entire nicely discriminated and sufficiently
designated Greek vowel and diphthong system lapsed
into the monotonous 6 sound of modern Greek?
The modern Greek boy is up against a much stiff er
orthographical proposition (to speak by " prevailing
usage ") than that which confronts his English con-
temporary. But I should like to see the reception
which educated Greeks would give to the proposal
to relieve him by a simplified phonetic spelling.
The imevte caused by a too colloquial translation
of the New Testament would be child's play in
comparison. The Greeks know that it is this irrsr


1909.]
323
THE DIAL
tional spelling which gives their language its
inexhaustible resources, and makes it instead of a
miserable patois one of the finest prose idioms of
modern Europe. And they also know what Professor
Lounsbury's a priori psychology of least resistance
overlooks, that the time "wasted" in learning to spell
is largely spent in the close scrutiny, assimilation,
and discrimination of a vocabulary extending far
beyond that of conversation.
This pedagogical question, on which Professor
Lounsbury finally rests his case, is far too complex
to be settled by a few question-begging assertions.
I do not deal in absolutes. The inconsistencies of
our spelling doubtless cause some waste of mental
effort; but infinitely less than Professor Lounsbury
assumes. And there are many counterbalancing
considerations which he ignores. Correct spelling
is mainly a matter of instinctive accuracy of visual
observation, which good minds, with some startling
exceptions, are apt to possess. For the large pro-
portion of words outside the sphere of ordinary con-
versation, it probably involves, even when most
irrational phonetically, little more strain of attention
than is actually helpful in the acquisition and dis-
crimination of what we may call the literary vocab-
ulary. Under any system, literate persons must
learn to spell alike, unless Professor Lounsbury con-
templates the perpetuation of the anarchy which,
with Josh Billings, Mark Twain, and Professor
Child, he recommends as a solvent of existing ortho-
doxy and an affirmation of individuality. Under
any system, there would be nearly as many bad
spellers as under the present, and under any system
the sufferings of congenital incapacity will be about
the same. The assertion that the anomalies of the
present system actually corrupt the logical sense is
a jest. In our day, and in the domain of psychology
or linguistics, the acceptance and artistic utilization
of anomaly is a more desirable mental attitude than
the blind faith in systematic and mechanical regular-
ization which we are tempted to take into these fields
from the physical sciences. There is neither regular-
ity nor systematizing logic in idiom or semasiology.
The logic of idiom is that of the gentleman who said
"Wherever I turn up I am turned down." There
is no logical or ultimate etymological reason for the
gradations of meaning in "esteem," "respect,"
"veneration," or for the differentiation of " blame"
and "blaspheme." If the anomalies of our spelling
make English hard for foreigners, our prepositional
idioms and the divergent meanings we give to words
of Latin origin make it impossible. There is no
space to elaborate the parallel. There is a type of
mind which sees in its regularity of derivation and
meaning a superiority of Esperanto over English.
Shall we, then, organize a simplified board of
semantic and synonyms, and convert English into
Volapuk? Such irregularities, due to accidents of
history and psychology, are the chief cause of the
incomparable resources of our tongue. They are the
delight of the student, and constitute the opportunity
of the skilful writer — the scholar of Pater's defini-
tion. These considerations would be far-fetched and
absurd if urged in support of the wilful multiplica-
tion of irregularities. But they are a legitimate
answer to the contention that the study and accept-
ance of linguistic anomaly is in itself detrimental to
the youthful mind. And they suggest that even the
anomalies of spelling may have, or be turned into,
compensating advantages which a facile and a priori
psychology of education overlooks.
There are probably no conclusive and peremptory
arguments on either side of this controversy. It is
not a question of mathematical demonstration, but
of the balancing of many nice and complex consid-
erations, with a strong presumption in favor of
conservatism in a matter at once too large and too
delicate for conscious and prescriptive control. I
have merely tried to show that the display of techni-
cal erudition with which Professor Lounsbury would
overawe the layman is not germane to the issue;
that the arguments which seem to him final admit
of answer; and that the absurdities which it pleases
him to attribute to the conservatives are no essential
part of the motives and reasons that determine their
attitude. For the rest, in all charity, we commend to
him the philosophy of Thersites: "He beats me and
I rail at him: 0 worthy satisfaction! would it were
otherwise." Paul Shorey.
CASUAL COMMENT.
Finding oneself a character in fiction must
yield a unique and diverting sensation — perhaps
not unlike the rarer experience of finding one's work
a classic while one is still in a position to profit by
it. Something like this must be the sensation
enjoyed by Mr. Bernard Shaw and Mr. G. K.
Chesterton, who, it appears, are just now so vital a
part of London life that a presentment of it in fic-
tion is hardly complete without one or both of them,
and the novelist takes little risk in introducing
them, and assuming his readers' readiness to catch
the force of the allusions. To cite two recent
instances, Mr. E. Temple Thurston, in "The City
of Beautiful Nonsense," allows his heroine to mis-
take a bailiff named Chesterton, whom she meets in
the rooms of the impecunious hero, for "the Mr.
Chesterton," and to him she begins quoting passages
from G. K. C, supposing she is performing the
neat but not novel trick of quoting an author to him-
self; while the bailiff, fired to emulation, promptly
makes an epigram which in his opinion is quite as
good as any of G. K. C.'s. Again, in Mr. Wells's
"Ann Veronica," the spectacled Suffragette and
Intellectual, Miss Miniver, talks to Ann of Mr.
Shaw and Mr. Chesterton, comparing them with
half a dozen fictitious, or fictitiously named, re-
formers; and finally she and Ann go to Essex Hall
to hear addresses by Shaw and the fictitious Fabi-
ans. The curious thing is that the gentlemen can be


324
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
thus introduced into an imaginary company without
incongruity, — or so we find it, — a fact which in-
dicates an enveloping literary atmosphere that sel-
dom lends its romantic glamour to inhabitants of
this mundane sphere. Possible sources of the gla-
mour we refuse even to speculate upon. Only Mr.
Shaw could do justice to the subject, in a Preface
— unless Mr. Chesterton would make a "Tremen-
dous Trifle" of it, or add to "The Defendant" a
Defence of Being a Literary Allusion.
• • •
A CURIOUS COMMENTARY ON THE METHODS OP
publishers is offered by the appearance—sudden,
unheralded, like an apparition from another world —
of the "Last Poems" of George Meredith. Some
fourteen hundred titles jostle one another on the Fall
announcement lists of our leading publishing houses;
several hundred of them have been not merely an-
nounced to the retail book-trade, but extensively
advertised in advance to the public, who might
reasonably have supposed that all the most tempting
dainties in the season's feast of literature had been
put before them to gloat over, anticipate, by-and-by
to taste. And now there drops from the clouds a
volume containing these "Last Poems" of George
Meredith, bearing the imprint of a progressive house
whose policy and practice are certainly not to sup-
press its best enterprises — not to be, as Leigh Hunt
aptly puts it, referring to some publishers of his day,
"secreters," rather than publishers, of books. The
explanation of this anomalous situation would seem
to be that such an enormous number of books are
produced nowadays, and the business of publishing
them is so complicated a matter — so different from
the manufacturing and marketing of more material
wares — that confusion of aim and a lack of coor-
dination in efforts for publicity are the inevitable
results. But undoubtedly we shall enjoy Meredith's
"Last Poems " as much as if we had long been
anticipating them; unexpected pleasures have a
charm of their own.
The North Pole in poetry cuts no great figure;
or, to change the metaphor a little, it does not cut
much more ice in poetry than it does in prosaic
reality. To be sure, we have Pope's couplet con-
cerning certain persons who "speed the soft inter-
course from soul to soul, and waft a sigh from Indus
to the Pole"; and the lines in Barton Booth's old
song, " True as the needle to the Pole, or as the dial
to the sun "; and one of Isaac Watts's stanzas begins,
"Were I so tall to reach the Pole, or grasp the ocean
with my span"; and Coleridge has sung " Oh sleep!
it is a gentle thing, beloved from pole to pole"; and,
finally, Addison once made a rhyme about the
planets that " confirm the tidings as they roll, and
spread the truth from pole to pole." After all,
however, the imaginary termini of the earth's axis
have not, either singly or taken together, done much
toward kindling the poetic imagination; their asso-
ciations are too cold and rigid. Any addition, there-
fore, to this slender stock of Arctic allusion in verse I
becomes a matter of literary moment. The latest
contribution is found in the beautifully appropriate
poem with which Mrs. Howe so graciously favored
the large audience gathered at the Metropolitan ,
Opera House in the course of the late Hudson-Fulton
celebration in New York. Her concluding stanza
reads thus:
"And, as one sun doth compass all
That can arise or may befall,
One sentence on Creation's night
Bestowed the blessed boon of light,
So shall all Life one promise fill
Of gentle nurture and good will,
While, pledging Love's assured control,
The Flag of Freedom crowns the Pole."
• • •
A pessimistic poet's hopeless task was that
undertaken by the late John Davidson, the recent
finding of whose body, together with the despairing
preface to his posthumous volume of poems, con-
firms the conjecture of his suicide. "For half a
century," he once wrote, in a mood of supreme discon-
tent, "I have survived in a world entirely unfitted
for me; and having known both the heaven and the
hell thereof, and being without a revenue and an
army and navy to compel the nations, I begin
definitely in my Testaments and Tragedies to
destroy this unfit world and make it over again in
my own image," — truly a rather colossal enterprise.
It was in the preface to the sheaf of poems which
he went out to post to his publisher on the evening of
March 23, the last time he was seen alive, that he
wrote: "The time has come to make an end. There
are several motives. I find my pension is not enough;
I have therefore still to turn aside and attempt things
for which people will pay. My health also counts.
Asthma and other annoyances I have tolerated for
years; but I cannot put up with cancer." It is not
so very strange, even if it is very sad, that such a
life should be thus ended. Having created the alter-
native of making the world over again or leaving it,
the tragic ending was inevitable. He was one of those
who can do great things, but are powerless under the
pressure of small things; who are able to
"Create new worlds without the least misgiving,
But on this planet cannot make a living."
A LAUREATE8HIP ALMOST DECLINED, but finally
accepted with reluctance, and only after a letter of
refusal had actually been written, forms the most
interesting topic of a Tennyson letter, never before
published in full, which was read at the Lincoln cele-
bration of the poet's centenary by Mr. Willingham
F. Rawnsley, a friend of Tennyson's and a grand-
son of the Rev. H. D. Rawnsley, to whom the letter
was addressed. The passage referring to the
proffered honor (and appearing only in part in Lord
Tennyson's life of his father) reads as follows: "I
thank you for your congratulations touching the lan-
reateship. I was advised by my friends not to decline
it, and I was even told that, being already in receipt
of a pension, I could not gracefully refuse it; but
I wish more and more that some one else had it.


1909.]
325
THE DIAL
I have no passion for courts, but a great love of
privacy; nor do I count having the office as any par-
ticular feather in my cap. It is, I believe, scarcely
£100 a year, and my friend R. M. Milnes tells me
that the price of the patent and court dress will
swallow up all the first year's income." This sacri-
fice of the first year's emoluments, however, was
avoided, as the biography explains, by a loan (from
Rogers) of the court dress worn by the preceding
laureate. It is difficult for* us now to conceive of
Tennyson as uncrowned with the laurel wreath, but
he came very near declining it—much nearer than
most of his readers have ever suspected.
• • ■
The Laurence Sterne of France is what
some of his countrymen have called M. Anatole
France (to designate him by his familiar pen-name).
A few sentences from Madame Ducleaux's new book
("The French Procession") present the famous
author in life-like fashion. She writes, with some
incongruity of metaphor: "In 1888, when I came
to live in Paris, I first met M. France. He was
then a slender, youngish scholar of five-and-forty,
appreciated rather than famous, whose literary gift
still appeared elegant rather than great. His fine
face, which since has assumed a glance of extraor-
dinary power and penetration, wore an expression
often gentle, sometimes mordant, more frequently
veiled and ambiguous, and this uncertain air made the
men and women of the world (for whose society he
showed the predilection of a satirist) somtimes com-
plain that he had I'air perfide. What disconcerted
them was the dim perception of a force in reserve;
but it is possible to be both frank and mysterious; M.
France concealed nothing and disguised nothing; he
merely exceeded their comprehension—and perhaps
at that time his own." The distinguished author's
American readers, daily increasing in numbers with
the appearance of his works in English, will look
with interest for Madame Ducleaux's fuller account
of him.
• • •
The best-selling book of philosophy that
the publishing world has seen for many a day is
undoubtedly Dr. William James's "Pragmatism."
Published two years ago, this piquant treatment of
things abstruse has already gone through eight edi-
tions, and the demand is not yet satisfied. More-
over, the book has been translated into Japanese
and is said to be enjoying a brisk sale in the island
kingdom, where its author is held in honor as a
prophet. Eight editions in two years would be a good
record for a novel — for one of the philosopher's
brother's novels, let us say. The old saying in regard
to the James brothers, — that one of them wrote
philosophy that was as fascinating as fiction, while
the other wrote fiction that was as abstruse as phi-
losophy,— seems to be having additional verifica-
tion. "Pragmatism " and "The Will to Believe"
are certainly books to render one oblivious of the
passing of time; and now a sequel to the later work
has made its appearance under the title, "The
Meaning of Truth." Whether or not it answers
satisfactorily Pilate's question of two thousand years
ago will probably still remain largely a matter of
individual opinion. . . .
The dying request of an eccentric book-
collector was once thus expressed in his will: "My
wish is that my drawings, my prints, my curiosities,
my books — in a word, those things of art which
have been the joy of my life—shall not be consigned
to the cold tomb of a museum and subjected to the
stupid gaze of the careless passer-by; but I direct
that they all be dispersed again under the hammer
of the auctioneer, so that the pleasure which the
acquiring of each one of them has given me shall
be given again, in each case, to some inheritor of my
own tastes." This action of the testator (Edmond
de Goncourt, who was of course much more than a
collector of curios) is called to mind by the wish of
the late Robert Hoe, uttered before his death, that
his incomparable collection of books and manuscripts
(partly catalogued, under 20,962 titles, in a fifteen
volume privately-printed catalogue, and valued at a
million dollars at least) should be sold at auction.
This sale he even intended to effect in his lifetime —
so it is reported. Whenever and wherever (prob-
ably in London) it ultimately takes place, the sale
will be a bibliopolic event of the first importance.
The abiding love of good literature, of
what may be called, in its less restricted sense,
classic literature, is something to make one hopeful
of the ultimate salvation of the race. Dime novels
and penny dreadfuls do have their readers, it must
be admitted; but so do the excellent and inexpensive
reprints of our best authors, of which a familiar
example is "Everyman's Library." This wisely
selected series now numbers four hundred volumes,
and is thus in sight of the half-way mark in its
steady progress toward the thousand-volume goal
set for it. It is announced that five million volumes
have already been sold, and that an additional
hundred volumes will be published next year. Mr.
Dent, the London publisher of the series, will soon
visit this country, it is reported, to consult with some
of our university professors and other educators as
to future additions to this popular series of reprints.
• • •
A 8UBJECT-INDEX OF A GREAT PUBLIC LIBRARY
will before long, it is hoped, see the light of day in
book form. For nearly five years that great store-
house of literature, the London Library, has been in
the hands of expert cataloguers, who doubtless will
succeed in making its treasures much more available
than at present. Already the cost of preparing this
voluminous index, not counting the printer's bill
which is yet to come, amounts to more than two
thousand pounds. The subject-headings will number
between eight and nine thousand; and those who
have seen the proof-sheets are said to declare that
no index equal to it for excellence has ever been
printed in England.


326
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
FROM LITERARY LONDON.
(Special Correspondence of The Dial.)
There are various rumors afloat in London as to
novels that would seem to he involving their authors
and publishers in some measure of legal trouble.
Mr. John Long, a comparatively recent addition to
our publishing fraternity, seems to be frequently
"in the wars." Just now the trouble is over a book
entitled "A Native Wife," by Mr. Henry Bruce;
and as a result it has been withdrawn from circu-
lation. The work presents a picture of a commercial
representative of a great firm in India who marries
a native and is ostracized by the whole white com-
munity in consequence. The story, although charac-
terized by much illiteracy, really shows remarkable
knowledge of the by-ways of Indian life. The
picture of the missionaries, presenting much sordid-
ness mingled with undoubted ideals, strikes one as
about the most accurate that has yet been given to
the public. After an indictment which certainly
presents the missionary in a peculiarly offensive
light, Mr. Bruce acknowledges that the Christian-
ized natives are one of the greatest factors in the
preservation of the English connection. These com-
munities, he says, scattered throughout India, are
so many little islands, or oases, of political loyalty
and of potential civilization. He lays great emphasis
on the fact that this loyalty is produced in a very
great degree by the work of American missionaries,
who, he says, "show some of the best results."
However, it would seem that Mr. Long has been
taken to task by some native Indian lawyer who
thinks he is presented in the pages of "A Native
Wife." I cannot imagine, however, that this action
for libel is of serious moment, or will ever come
into court.
I am sorry to note the extraordinary vogue in
this country of what may be called abnormal fiction.
Many so-called novels that are having large sales
should never have been published at all. And novels
are not the only offenders against taste. The innum-
erable volumes of pretended historical reminiscences,
court gossip, and vulgar tittle-tattle, compete for the
doubtful honor of sensational preeminence. A fla-
grant example may be found in the reminiscences of
the Countess of Cardigan, which is having an extra-
ordinary sale in England. It has gone through three
editions here, and one bookseller has told me that he
could have sold 500 more copies if he could have
obtained them from the binders. Yet this is not due
to any real newness in the book, for many of the best
stories have been known in the smoking-rooms of
English houses for years. The meretricious attrac-
tion is, of course, in the fact that the stories are told
by a. woman, and a woman in society, who bears a
name that counts for something in modern English
history. Lord Cardigan was the hero of the Bala-
clava Charge. It is said that while he led his troop
into fire in that brilliant episode, which Tennyson
has made forever memorable in his "Charge of the
Light Brigade," he scuttled out again with too great
quickness; in fact, Lord Cardigan at one time
threatened an action for libel against Kinglake
for his version of the affair in his "History of the
Crimean War," but the action never came into
court. Of course it is of immense interest that Lord
Cardigan's widow should print all these scandalous
stories, and they are just now the talk of every table
in London.
The point at which Interest undoubtedly centres,
however, is Lady Cardigan's statement as to her
having received a proposal of marriage from Lord
Beaconsfield. Lord Beaconsfield, who for so many
years was idolized by his own party and hated by the
opposite party in this country to an extent that has
scarcely a parallel save in the case of Gladstone, has
now become a cult in which both parties unite; and
this although the primrose-day enthusiasm that was
identified with his name for a few years appears to
be dying out. Everyone is asking whether Lord
Beaconsfield did really propose marriage to Lady
Cardigan, the year after he lost the wife to whom he
seemed to be so much devoted,—although he did once
say of Lady Beaconsfield that she never knew which
came first, the Greeks or the Romans. I believe I
am right in saying that evidence of this will be forth-
coming, and that Lady Cardigan's "Recollections"
are to be followed by yet a second volume in which
a facsimile of the letter wherein Disraeli proposed
to her will be included.
Of much more significance, if people had a real
sense of relative importance with regard to books,
is the new work on Byron that Mr. Richard Edg-
cumbe has just issued in London through the firm
of John Murray. Mr. Edgcumbe is quite the best
living authority upon Byron. He is Sergeant-at-
Arms to the King, and he is connected with the
family of the poet Shelley in a collateral way, his
mother having been a daughter of Sir John Shelley,
the sixth Baronet. The poet Shelley, had he sur-
vived his father, would have been the third Baronet.
Mr. Edgcumbe was secretary to the National Byron
Memorial Committee. He has written sundry small
volumes, but nothing of anything like the importance
of this new work, which he entitles "Byron: The
Last Phase." In this book Mr. Edgcumbe has told
over again the story of Byron's later life, — the
greater and nobler Byron who died for Greece and
freedom. There will, however, be more interest in
the second and third part of Mr. Edgcumbe's vol-
ume, treating of the debatable points in Byron's life
which have been made the subject of so much con-
troversy ever since Mrs. Beecher Stowe wrote about
them in the '* Atlantic Monthly " and " Macmillan's
Magazine," a half-century ago.
It will be remembered that a year or two before
his death, Lord Lovelace, Byron's grandson, pub-
lished a volume on Byron's story entitled "Astarte."
The book was much prized by Byron specialists,
although it has never been sold indiscriminately.
For my copy, which cost me three guineas, I have


1909.]
327
THE
DIAL
been offered ten; but I fancy the book can now be
obtained at its original price. Lord Lovelace took
the precaution to copyright the book in America,
having it set in type there and duly deposited in
the Library of Congress. I was talking, only the
other day, to the agent for American publications
in London who arranged the matter. The book
made me very angry; and had it not been copy-
righted, I should have liked to republish it with
what I believe would have been a conclusive answer
to Lord Lovelace's every point. The drawback to
much of Mr. Edgcumbe's answer is that the people
who read it will not have the book before them.
The unhappy side of Mr. Edgcumbe's defence is
that he also has to incriminate someone, the prin-
cipal point of the story being that Byron did not
fight when Lady Byron threatened divorce proceed-
ings, because both he and his sister wished to shield
Mary Chaworth, Byron's first love. It has never
been known before, as clearly as Mr. Edgcumbe
now shows it, that Byron renewed his intimacy with
this lady after she became Mrs. Musters. Mr.
Edgcumbe, I think, conclusively proves that Mrs.
Musters was the mother of Byron's child Medora,
and that his sister adopted the child. However, I
must leave this book to your own reviewer.
Clement K. Shorter.
COMMUNICA TIONS.
THE HISTORICAL PAGEANT IN AMERICA.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
My attention'has been called to an article in The
Dial for October 16, on the subject of Historical
Pageants. By some omission, which I take to be merely
accidental, the article contains no reference to the
pageant arranged in Philadelphia a year ago in connec-
tion with the celebration of the 225th anniversary of the
founding of that city. So far as I know, this continues
to be as yet the only pageant of any size or importance
ever given in this country. While it was not planned
on the present very popular English pattern, as a play
on the green, like the beautiful pageant at Quebec in
July 1908, but rather followed the models of the Con-
tinental European pageants, which take the form of pro-
cessions, it was accounted by the 600,000 or 800,000
people who were able to view it to be quite as faithful
and artistic a presentation of the history of a great com-
munity. It had the direction of excellent historians and
artists who placed more than 5000 people in costume
in a line which moved over a distance of five miles on
Broad Street. The episodes chosen for representation
began with the earliest settlements, carried the city
through the Revolutionary War and the picturesque
period following the war, through those twenty-five
years when it was the capital of the United States, and
ended with the Centennial Exhibition of 1876.
The omission of Philadelphia from your list of his-
torical pageants in this country is the more noticeable
as you mention Lake Cham plain and New York. There
was no historical pageant at the Lake Champlain cele-
bration, barring some Indian scenes which were largely
fanciful. The city of Burlington, Vt., contemplated one,
but was deterred by the expense. New York last month
had the most abominable travesty upon the name of
Historical Pageant that human ingenuity could invent.
The New York "Evening Post" declared it to be
tawdry, cheap, and entirely unworthy of the city; while
no one who witnessed the exhibition has been able to
speak of it with patience or toleration. I am sure that
a journal like The Dial would not knowingly give its
endorsement to pageantry which is arranged without
regard to the principles of history or art. We have
made a beginning in the right direction; and if our
standards are not again lowered to the level of the car-
nival and the secret-society parade, this entertainment
may become an educational influence of the greatest
popular value. Ellis Paxbon Oberholtzer.
Philadelphia, October 2S, 1909.
SOPHLE JEWETT —A TRIBUTE.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
The death, on the 11th of October, of Associate
Professor Sophie Jewett of the Department of English
Literature at Wellesley College brings poignant sense of
loss to those whose number is itself a significant tribute.
Gifted, lovely, with a spirit so "finely touched to all fine
issues " that it seemed often a source of newer beauty,
she was at once rarely beloved by friends and strangely
memorable to those of even slight acquaintance. In
twenty years of teaching she gave to several hundred
students the inspiration of a scholarship as unsparing in
its own endeavor as it was gracious and generous. Owing
to its habit of abundant giving, it leaves but few tangible
results. Nevertheless, an edition of Tennyson's "Holy
Grail," singularly penetrative and thorough, and a mass
of yet unpublished work on the ballads of Southern
Europe, constitute a precious legacy.
For about twenty years, also, Miss Jewett has been
known as a poet whose lyrics, appearing at long inter-
vals, mainly in "Scribner's" and "Harper's" maga-
zines, were of exquisite craft and most delicate and
inimitable music. In 1896 a number were brought
together in "The Pilgrim" (Macmillan); in 1905 a
second collection was made in "Persephone," a privately
printed department publication; in 1908 appeared such
a translation of the beautiful Middle-English poem
"The Pearl" as only a poet's poet could have made. (A
full review of this charming work appeared in The Dial
of December 16,1908.) Other poems of such late pub-
lication as the April and August "Scribner's," 1909, or
"The Outlook" for October 16, still wait their garland-
ing. One is tempted to think of them in her own words
for Sappho's verses:
"Frail scattered petals, crimson, gold,
Drift to the feet of yon and me
Unfaded, — even such vain, brief things
(Rosea of P sea turn, Helen's tears)
As lover loves, and poet sings,
And -wise earth hoards through myriad years,
Careless when soma star disappears."
As Meleager said of Sappho, these later " full-hearted"
poems are "few, but roses all."
Laura A. Hibbard.
Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Mass.,
October 22, 1909.


328
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
tyt gtto goohs.
The Making of an African Explorer.*
A brief entry in the late Henry M. Stanley's
diary pictures, in a characteristic incident, the
harsh training to which Fortune subjected him
from infancy, to harden him into the most reso-
lute, resourceful, and successful African ex-
plorer of his day. The incident, a trifle in itself,
took place in 1863, in Brooklyn, where young
Stanley was boarding with Judge X .
"Judge drunk," runs the record; "tried to
kill his wife; attempted three times.— I held
him down all night. Next morning, exhausted;
lighted cigar in parlor; wife came down —
insulted and raved at me for smoking in her
house!"
The autobiography of Sir Henry Morton
Stanley, competently edited by Lady Stanley,
is, in its first half, the detailed and pathetic
account of the writer's homeless, loveless, harsh
and cheerless boyhood and youth. Of course
there were occasional gleams of sunshine, and
some little taste of the milk of human kindness;
but it was, on the whole, such a barbarously
inhuman discipline as not one in a thousand
could have survived in any sort of physical or
moral health. A father dead before the child
was a month old; a mother with no vestige of
maternal love for her infant, whom she cast
off at the earliest moment; a workhouse up-
bringing, under the rod of an atrociously cruel
schoolmaster, who finally went raving mad;
wanderings and hardships in two hemispheres,
with rough experience of army and navy service
in time of war; and, finally, the ups and downs
of a roving journalist, — all these contributed
to the toughening of fibre and the capacity for
endurance that were to stand the future explorer
of tropical Africa in such good stead.
The date of Stanley's birth seems not to have
been known to him; at least he does not give it,
and only in his seventh chapter do we find an
approximate indication of the year. He speaks
of himself as, in 1861, "getting close on to
eighteen," which would make his birth-year
1843. Most of the reference books give 1841,
and even 1840 is the date assigned by one
authority. That he was of Welsh extraction,
and first saw the light of day near Denbigh, in
Wales, appears to be certain. His consign-
•The Actobiogbaphy of Sib Henby Mobton Stan-
ley, G. C. B. Edited by his wife, Dorothy Stanley.
With sixteen photogravures and a map. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin Co.
ment to the care of a grandfather, who soon
afterward died, and his subsequent haphazard
course of life, up to his discharge from the
U. S. Artillery service in the summer of 1862,
a temporary physical wreck and without a
penny in his pockets, are fully related in the
unfinished autobiography. The rest of his life-
history is pieced together, with- the necessary
editorial stitches, from Stanley's journals, notes,
letters, and other writings. But as the world
is already fairly familiar with these later and
more historically important events and achieve-
ments, the earlier and in many respects more
humanly interesting and appealing incidents
will here be chiefly dwelt upon.
The most striking characteristics of the little
workhouse boy whose many sorrows and very
few joys are so touchingly told, are his moral
earnestness, his blind faith in a loving God, his
aching hunger for human affection, his intel-
lectual quickness and vigor, his sturdy power of
endurance, and the innate and unspoilable germ
of goodness in his character. The inhuman
schoolmaster whom he finally rebelled against
and, with another boy's aid, soundly thrashed,
before absconding never to return, is sufficiently
depicted in the following paragraph:
"Day after day little wretches would be flung down
on the stone floor in writhing heaps, or stood, with blink-
ing eyes and humped backs, to receive the shock of the
ebony ruler, or were sent pirouetting across the school
from a ruffianly kick, while the rest suffered from a
sympathetic terror during such exhibitions, for none
knew what moment he might be called to endure the
like. Every hour of our lives we lived and breathed
in mortal fear of the cruel hand and blighting glare of
one so easily frenzied."
Disposed to view the accidents of his life-
course as providentially ordered for the ulti-
mate bringing about of things not altogether
unmemorable, the autobiographer thus refers to
his treatment at the hands of a hard-featured
and close-fisted aunt upon whose tender mercies
he had thrown himself after running away from
the workhouse and its brutal teacher of youth:
"To her own children, Aunt Mary was the best of
mothers. Had I received but a tithe of her affection,
I fear that, like an ass partial to his crib, I should have
become too home-loving to leave. As Jacob served
Laban, I would have served aunt for years, for a mere
smile, but she had not interest enough in me to study
my disposition, or to suspect that the silent hoy with a
somewhat dogged look could be so touched by emotion.
What I might have become with gracious treatment her
youngest son David became. He clung to his mother's
hearth, and eventually married the daughter of Jones,
of Hurblas, by whom he had a large family. All his
life he remained profoundly ignorant that beyond his
natal nook the universe pulsed deep and strong, but, as


1909.]
329
THE DIAL
the saying is, ' Home-keeping youth hath ever homely
wits,' and gain and honour are not for those who cling
to their firesides."
After a dreary experience as an overworked
and underfed shop-boy in Liverpool, the lad
found a berth for himself, in a menial capacity,
on a sailing vessel bound for New Orleans.
Every order he received, as soon as seasickness
abated enough to let him stagger on deck, was
accompanied with an oath and likely also to be
attended or preceded by a blow. The sub-
joined bit of narrative and reflection is signifi-
cant.
"From this date began, I think, the noting of a strange
coincidence, which has since been so common with me
that I accept it as a rule. When I pray for a man, it
happens that at that moment he is cursing me; when I
praise I am slandered; if I command [commend?], I
am reviled; if I feel affectionate or sympathetic towards
one, it is my fate to be detested or scorned by him. I
first noticed this curious coincidence on board the
'Windermere.' I bore no grudge, and thought no evil
of any person, but prayed for all, morning and evening,
extolled the courage, strength, and energy of my ship-
mates, likened them to sea-lions, and felt it an honour
to be in the company of such brave men; but, invariably,
they damned my eyes, my face, my heart, my soul, my
person, my nationality; I was damned aft, and damned
forward. I was wholly obnoxious to everyone aboard,
and the only service they asked of God towards me was
that He should damn me to all eternity."
Nevertheless the object of all this vituperation
continued to bless them that cursed him and to
pray for them which despitefully used him and
persecuted him. He wasted no time cherishing
either real or fancied grievances, but pushed on
to better things with a pluck and courage that
were bound to conquer an adverse fate in the end.
The fact that Sir Henry Morton Stanley was
born plain John Rowlands, son and grandson of
men of the same name, will be new to some
readers. It was from a well-to-do and benevo-
lent tradesman of New Orleans, who recognized
the boy's worth and adopted him, that he got
his name, Henry Stanley. Nothing is said to
account for the Morton; possibly it too formed
a part of the benefactor's name. The short
season of paternal kindness that brought the
waif's better nature to a rapid development was
ended by the sudden death of Mr. Stanley,
intestate, and the casting once more adrift of the
young wanderer. His subsequent varied experi-
ences, his abhorrence of the inhumane treatment
of slaves, but nevertheless his impulsive adop-
tion of the cause unfavorable to their emanci-
pation, and his terrific initiation into the art of
war at Shiloh, with his subsequent capture and
confinement at Camp Douglas, on the outskirts
of Chicago, are graphically and stirringly related.
It was the raw recruit's too eager advance to
meet the enemy that led to his capture and his
later unspeakable experience of prison horrors.
Of the latter he writes:
"The statistics of Andersonville are believed to show
that the South was even more callous towards their
prisoners than the authorities of Camp Douglas were.
I admit that we were better fed than the Union pris-
oners were, and against Colonel Milligan and Mr.
Shipman I have not a single accusation to make. It
was the age that was brutally senseless, and heedlessly
crueL It was lavish and wasteful of life, and had not
the least idea of what civilized warfare ought to be,
except in strategy. It was at the end of the flint-lock
age, a stupid and heartless age, which believed that the
application of every variety of torture was better for
discipline than kindness, and was guilty, during the war,
of enormities that would tax the most saintly to forgive."
The practical certainty of death in this disease-
infected prison, together with a friendly and
convincing presentation of the Federal side of
the pending controversy from one of the officers
in charge, finally induced Stanley to obtain his
freedom by swearing allegiance to the Union
and enlisting in the artillery service. But the
seeds of disease were already in his system, and
his only experience of warfare in the newly-
adopted cause came some months later in the
navy, where he was more concerned with watch-
ing and reporting for publication the progress
of events, than with taking an enthusiastic part
in shaping them. After all, it was no quarrel
of his, and after fighting and suffering for the
South he may well have found it hard to kindle
the same degree of ardor for the North. Thence-
forth, at any rate, it is as a roving press reporter,
and an adventurous explorer of strange lands,
that he finds outlet for his indomitable energy;
and his course from this point has been some-
what closely followed by the reading public.
Nevertheless, the old story, or a small part of
the old story, of his meeting with Livingstone
may here bear re-telling.
"My mission to find Livingstone was very simple, and
was a clear and definite aim. All I had to do was to free
my mind from all else, and relieve it of every earthly
desire but the finding of the man whom I was sent to
seek. To think of self, friends, banking-account, life-
insurance, or any worldly interest but the one sole pur-
pose of reaching the spot where Livingstone might
happen to rest, could only tend to weaken resolution.
Intense application to my task assisted me to forget
all I had left behind, and all that might lie ahead in
future. . . .
"Our meeting took place on the 10th November,
1871. It found him reduced to the lowest ebb in for-
tune by his endless quest of the solution to the problem
of that mighty river Lualaba, which, at a distance of
three hundred miles from Lake Tanganyika, flowed
parallel with the bike, northward. In body, he was, ai
he himself expressed it, 'a mere ruckle of bones.'


330
[Nov. 1,
THE
DIAL
"The effect of the meeting was a rapid restoration to
health; he was also placed above want, for he had now
stores in abundance sufficient to have kept him in Ujiji
for years, or to equip an expedition capable of solving
within a few months even that tough problem of the
Lualaba. There was only one thing wanting to com-
plete the old man's happiness — that was an obedient
and tractable escort. Could I have furnished this to
him there and then, no doubt Livingstone would have
been alive to-day [this was written in 1885], because,
after a few days' rest at Ujiji, we should have parted —
he to return to the Lualaba, and trace the river, per-
haps, down to the sea, or until he found sufficient proofs
that it was the Congo, which would be about seven hun-
dred miles north-west of Nyangwe; I journeying to the
East Coast."
The occupations and interests of the explorer
after retiring to the enjoyment of domestic life
at Furze Hill, together with his parliamentary
experience and other matters, sustain the in-
terest of the volume to its closing page and the
death of Stanley in 1904. The whole is told,
with a few intercalations and additions, by his
own pen; for he was a copious diarist. "Thoughts
from Note-books " form a supplementary chap-
ter, followed by an index and a map illustrating
his three African journeys. The numerous por-
traits, including nine of Stanley and one of
Lady Stanley, and other illustrations, are good.
Despite the rather bitter philosophical reflec-
tions that sprinkle its pages — reflections that
tend to show the writer as rather too constantly
"on the edge of resentment" (to quote a phrase
of his own), and that indicate some unwhole-
some brooding over past wrongs—as where he
says of reviewers that "the Reviewer is either
fulsome, or he is a bitter savage, striking stupidly
because of blind hate " — the book is nothing
short of absorbing in its interest. Stanley's lit-
erary style, as is already known, has the charm
of clearness, vigor, and grace, with occasional
unexpected felicities in apt quotation or well-
chosen epithet. Percy F. Bicknell.
The Poet as Dramatist.*
It seemed a notable event, a year or so ago,
when it appeared that Mr. William Vaughan
Moody had written a successful play. That Mr.
Moody should write beautiful poetry, was some-
thing to be thankful for. I remember still the
freshness of the impression with which I discov-
ered, on opening " The Masque of Judgment,"
that instead of being a normal and respectable
•The Great Divide. A Play in Three Acts. By
William Vaughan Moody. New York: The Macmillan Co.
The Faith Healer. A Play in Four Acts. By William
Vanghan Moody. New York: The Macmillan Co.
drama in verse, it was really a dramatic poem
with strange powers of stirring, thrilling, en-
lightening. That impression I still believe to
have been right; for on looking at the book
again, I feel much the same way about it. But
a dramatic poem was one thing, and a play for
the stage was another,—as has often been
urged, and indeed proved, by the authority of
the box-office as well as of the critic. So it had
not appeared improbable that Mr. Moody might
find himself unable to do what even Browning
and Tennyson, for instance, had not succeeded
in doing. But unquestionably "The Great Di-
vide" has been very successful on the stage,
and, although brought out two years ago, it is
still presented. Mr. Moody then wrote " The
Faith Healer," which has had a less favorable
presentation on the stage. Both plays, how-
ever, have been published, and invite the con-
sideration of those who read as well as of those
who go to the theatre.
Once must say at once that they are both
extremely interesting. I prefer " The Masque
of Judgment" myself, when it comes to read-
ing: doubtless I should prefer "The Great
Divide" on the stage. These new plays are
written in prose, whereby Mr. Moody seems to
give up his most wonderful power. But these
changes are rather a necessity, and one should
not quarrel with them. If a man is going to
write for our stage to-day, it seems useless for
him to try to write the kind of play that was
successful three hundred years ago. I cannot
feel that Mr. Phillips's poems are successful on
the stage. If one speak of " Cyrano de Ber-
gerac" or "The Sunken Bell," I must admit
that I have little to say, except that they were
produced under other influences and other tra-
ditions than those of our stage. In spite of
these, it still seems a bit of tour-de-force for
one to create a great success in poetry on the
stage, at least on the American stage. As a
rule, our dramatists cannot even do the thing
in prose. However that may be, Mr. Moody
has written his plays in prose, and in prose we
must read him or pass him by for the present.
A prose play, then, is what we have, — or,
rather, two such plays, one of an Eastern girl
gone west, the other of a religious enthusiast.
Perhaps poetry would not do for such subjects:
Mr. Moody wanted to deal with the life which
had impressed him, with the life of to-day that
we know, with the life of our own people and
country. Probably it seemed to him that verse
was out of the question. These things, he may
have felt, demand the simplicity and the realism


1909.]
331
THE DIAL
of prose. Mr. Mackaye might have used verse
had he chosen, when he wrote " The Scarecrow,"
for that was a legendary tale of old New Eng-
land. Mr. Clyde Fitch might have thought fit
to write " Nathan Hale " in verse, for his story
there came out of our own hero-period. Neither
did so; and perhaps one would hardly expect a
man who is writing of to-day even to think of it.
Mr. Moody, then, is severely realistic in his
form. Nor does he seize every advantage that
he might; there was perhaps elaborate scenery
of mountain and canyon in the second act of
"The Great Divide," but " The Faith Healer"
is set entirely in the main room of a "farm-
house near a small town in the Middle West."
Still, the plays are the work of a poet; and
that, I believe, will constitute their great interest
to the reader to-day. Mr. Moody puts away
from him all the help of stimulating figure and
picture, — all that belongs elsewhere, he may
think, — and finds or makes his poetry in the
simple power of his conception. That is a great
victory.
I am not well versed in stage technique, and
should hesitate to offer an opinion as to how
much of it there may be in Mr. Moody's plays.
Of what is called dramatic construction, there
seems to me only just enough. In " The Great
Divide," an Eastern girl in the West, in romantic
sympathy with its unfinished bigness, is carried
off by a man who happens in upon her when she
is alone, much as a Dacotah in Farkman's day
might have carried off a squaw. The man mar-
ries her, and is successful in a gold-mine he has;
but they fail to find entire happiness, and she
leaves him and goes to her old home. Our
sympathies are with them; we wish them to
make a success of life. There is the crucial
point: things are at their worst; how are they
to get right, if indeed they ever do? Her hus-
band comes East after her; she appreciates him
at his true worth, and they go back out West
again—beyond the Great Divide. There is here,
I suppose, enough dramatic construction for the
stage. At the end of the first act the question
is proposed; at the end of the second (where
Ruth leaves her husband) it is at its farthest
from solution. At the end of the play the
question is solved. At the theatre one does not
always demand explanations, if the action and
dialogue are good.
But in reading, we ask, Why should she have
left him? and then, Why does she come back
to him, or, rather, let him come to her? Mr.
Moody, of course, provides answers to these ques-
tions; his characters are by no means without
motives. But I feel sure that many, even of
those who saw the play, had little conception
of just what those motives were; indeed, I can-
not be absolutely certain that after reading the
play I know just how the final event is brought
about.
In " The Faith Healer " I believe this criticism
is yet more applicable. In that play we have
a religious enthusiast of wonderful spiritual
power: he has raised the dead. In the family
where he is staying for a time, he meets a woman,
and they love each other. At that, his spiritual
power seems to wane; and fearing that it is she
who is at fault, she resolves to leave him. In
the last act, as in "The Great Divide," the two
understand each other, and his spiritual power
returns. Here too the theatrical points, as we
may call them, are definite; we watch with pain-
ful interest the ebb and flow of spiritual power.
But why the ebb and why the flow?
I would not suggest that Mr. Moody is not
definite in his own mind in each play. The
reason for the reader's vagueness (if I may
judge others by myself) comes from the nature
of the means that he chooses. In " The Great
Divide " the means lie in the particular spiritual
nature of Ruth; in "The Faith Healer," in the
particular spiritual nature of Michaelis. Indefi-
nite matters these, such as the poet understands
sufficiently for his purpose, but which the aver-
age reader may not always comprehend.
In one of the plays, a matter-of-fact person
says: "Mystery! . . . You women would live
on it if we'd let you!" And Rhoda answers,
"Whether you let us or not, we do live on it,
and so does the whole world." I believe that
accounts for Ruth too. I doubt if her husband
ever understood just the reasons that led her
from loathing to love; probably he was quite
content not to understand, so long as he knew.
Perhaps we may be content to do something of
the same sort. Mr. Moody discerns currents of
influence and of power that guide the world, and
in his plays he presents them. There are many
who will instinctively apprehend and respond to
such things. We are not to imagine that Ruth
is merely fickle, with one whim one day and
another the next; that Michaelis is merely an
emotionalist, with his seasons of exaltation and
depression. These people are inerrantly led by
powers that they recognize even if they do not
understand.
Nor are such motives really inferior dramatic
means. They may be, on the other hand, the
very best means, — easily better than all the
clever contrivances that would be obvious enough


332
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAX
on the stage or in a book. Provided always that
they be true to life; and here one must have con-
fidence in one's poet. Doubtless we should not
have confidence in everyone. Mr. Moody says
to us, People act and feel so and so. That is
the way with the artist; he almost of necessity
takes the classic position of Turner, with the
person who did not see nature as he did: "Don't
you wish you could?" Personally, I often wish
I did, though it is more convenient from day to
day if one can understand the more obvious
things of the daily round. But it is refreshing
now and then to get a glimpse of the other thing.
There is much else in the plays worth men-
tioning— perhaps even with praise or blame,
though Mr. Moody presumably intends to go on
his way without much regard to either. So I
will speak of nothing else; all the rest is, as
Verlaine said long since, merely literature.
Edwakd E. Hale, Jr.
The Literary History of Rome.*
Mr. Wight Duff's "Literary History of
Rome" does not present formal catalogues of
facts, arranged especially for reference work,
like a Teuffel-Schwabe; nor give convenient
bird's-eye views of men and movements, like
the lesser American manuals of Lawton and
Fowler; nor contain extended studies of par-
ticular phases, after the manner of a Sellar, a
Nettleship, or a Boissier ; nor arouse the reader's
enthusiasm like the glowing appreciations of a
Mackail; but it is a book which is better than
any single one of these, because it combines and
unifies to no inconsiderable degree the virtues
of all of them. The reader may well regret
that it carries him only to the end of the
Augustan Age. All things considered, if it
were continued to the close of the Empire, it
would be the one work on the subject in any
language which neither specialist nor layman
could afford to omit from his library. Ending
even as it does in mediis rebus, it is none the
less valuable for the period it covers. It is a
summing up of scholarship to date on the history
and appreciation of a great historic literature
through its most interesting and significant
phases.
Professor Duff's work is written by a scholar
who possesses wonderful patience and rare
* A Literary History of Rome. From the Origins to
the Close of the Golden Age. By J. Wight Duff, M.A.,
Professor of Classics, Armstrong College (in the University
Durham), Newcastle-upon-Tyne. New York: Charles
Scrihner's Sons.
mastery over material, has not spared himself
in his efforts, and has allowed himself the space
requisite for the unmutilated and uncompressed
presentation of his subject, without, however,
presuming upon the privilege; for he is a model
of terseness and concentration. He will appeal
most to the specialist audience —to teachers and
advanced students. His foot-notes are filled with
special information: extensive lists of editions,
in themselves comprising brief sketches of text-
ual history; citations of authorities covering the
results of scholarship in all the phases allied to
literature; abundance of quotation from Latin
writers, enabling the scholar to test for himself
the author's conclusions.
Nor is the body of the page less replete with
scholarly matter; if Professor Duff has sinned
at all, it is in having presented too much, rather
than too little. Perhaps an approved history of
Roman literature ought to carry along with it
the vast bulk of uninteresting detail about
authors who were in their own time obscure
representatives of minor movements, and who
are known now only by name, or at most by
fragments preserved in unliterary connections by
later grammarians and other unliterary special-
ists. If this is true, it must be on the theory that,
in the treatment of a far-away period like Roman
antiquity, absolutely nothing is negligible. The
reader is tempted to think, as he labors through
some parts of the work — notably the careful
pages dealing with the lesser dramatists, the
annalists, Alexandrinism, and other examples of
the unknown and unadored — that the author
has shed his ink on the pertinent and imperti-
nent alike; and feels like turning on him with
his own sensible statement a propos of Livy's
omissions: "Livy produced a much more real
impression by avoiding the boredom of pedantic
minutiae"
We may let that pass, however: perhaps it
is as well for an author to be on the safe side—
especially as his reviewer himself may have made
his reputation by sagacious treatment of the
unessential. Professor Duff's book fortunately
contains also a wealth of the essential, such as
may be found in no other work on the subject;
and this fits it for the wider circle (who may
omit the less significant portions if they choose),
as well as for the specialist. He pursues a con-
sistent and effective method: sketching first the
character of the times and the author's environ-
ment; then narrating, in a finely sympathetic
spirit, his life experience; discussing next his
works, in chronological order, and in a manner
which, in a work of this size, may be termed


1909.]
333
THE DIAL.
exhaustive; and concluding with a critical
estimate which is the best feature of the book.
Those who wish to test the truth of this will
do well to turn to the author's treatment of
Plautus, Catullus, Cicero, Virgil, or, best of all,
Horace. Even the less known in letters, as
Ennius and Cato, are made to stand forth with
remarkable distinctness, both as literary char-
acters and men. For all the multitude of detail,
the author succeeds in unifying the impression,
and makes of the subjects of his sketches living
Personalities. His summaries of literary appre-
ciation are packed with detail, and noteworthy
for richness. It is not often that the much
in little is so well exemplified as in the explana-
tion of the universality of Horace's appeal in
pp. 534-545.
This prompts a further summary of Professor
Duff's good qualities. His scholarship is broad
and deep: he not only gives a full account of
literature itself, but harmonizes and unifies his
work as a whole by painting in the linguistic,
political, and religious background. His famil-
iarity with modern literature also serves him and
his readers well; it is with rare pleasure that
one happens on the terse and facile allusions in
his pages: pedantic Varro's seventy hebdomads
are "the forgivable sum of seventy times seven";
the bargeman in Horace sings of the girl he left
behind him — absentem ut cantat amicam;
Ovid, "the idle singer of an empty day,1' died
in exile, "heart-sick of hope deferred."
To his knowledge add brotherly kindness: he
is sympathetic. He likes his subject, and is on
friendly terms with the men he introduces. And
to his brotherly kindness add temperance. He
sees their shortcomings, and does not curtly
condemn and dismiss ; he sees their virtues, and
does not let enthusiasm blind him.
This means simply that he is sane and well
balanced; he follows the golden mean by nat-
ural inclination rather than mere calculation.
He knows the artificiality of Virgil's Eclogues,
and the Homeric reflex in the /Eneid; but real-
izes that this is only on the surface, and that the
Mantuan's love of nature in the garden of the
world, and the Roman quality of the story of
./Eneas, are none the less genuine. He recog-
nizes that Plautus drew from Greek Comedy,
but makes us see the essentially Italian nature
of the product. He can charge Cicero with
vanity and redundancy, without causing the
reader to despise the great Roman for it; he
admits that the orator was not a poet of the first
class, but has the sense to commend his verse
for the good qualities it does display, and the
courage to suggest the "true view that Cicero is
a vivacious and tasteful intermediary who trans-
mitted to Lucretius and Catullus the ancient
Latin versification enhanced in dignity, and,
still more decidedly, in technique." He appre-
ciates the practical and the scientific aspect of
the poem of Lucretius, but knows that the poetic
and spiritual are what determine its real char-
acter. He can see that Caesar had a great mind
and a great heart, without attributing to him
either sublime patriotism or divine foresight in
his teens. His sanity and balance find especially
clear expression in his comparisons: Horace and
Catullus, Cicero and Livy, etc.
Most of all are these qualities seen in the
author's insistence on the national character
of Latin literature. He will not hear to the
facile dismissal of Latin letters, and Roman art
in general, as mere Hellenistic products, — a
view in which Latin scholarship has been wont
to acquiesce. He will give all due credit to
Hellenic influence, but not without maintaining
that the Greek and Roman literatures are
separately animated expressions; with Franz
Wickhoff and Mrs. Strong, he contributes at
the same time to justice and good sense by
asserting the Italian nature of Roman art.
This, and the historical importance of the Latin
language and literature, are the two large lessons
of the book.
The English versions with which Professor
Duff enlivens his work afford no small pleasure
to the reader, who is courteously given the oppor-
tunity to judge of their excellence by compari-
son with the Latin original at the bottom of the
page. His versions of both poetry and prose
are noteworthy for accuracy and good taste. The
lines from Pacuvius and Catullus, Vivamus,
mea Lesbia, and the neat sonnet translation of
Lugete, O Veneres, are examples of his clever-
ness. In Horace he is not so felicitous, — but
that might be expected in the case of an author
who is universally recognized as "the type of
the untranslatable."
But nihil est ab omni parte beatum. After
the noting of all these excellences of the book, it
will cause surprise and regret to be told that a
sense of monotony in style insists on rising into
the reader's consciousness as often as momentary
flagging of interest in the subject-matter gives
it opportunity, and is indeed never very far
from the surface. The author's nervous quick-
ness, clarity, and straightforwardness are admir-
ably adapted to occasional detailed characteriza-
tion, or to the rapid fire of learned minutiae;
but for narrative and criticism the style does


334
[Nov. 1,
THE
DIAL
not flow enough; the sentences are simple and
clear, but do not fuse; the reader is not carried
in a current, but advances on foot, and is too
often conscious of the sound of his steps. There
is great dearth not only of colons, semi-colons,
and commas, — which, of course, do not of
themselves give forth virtue, — but also of the
streaming quality of which they should be the
sign; and in the use of connectives, which more
than anything else gives Ciceronianism its mag-
nificent onward sweep, Professor Duff either
disbelieves or is unpractised. It is not without
significance that he selects for translation from
the second Philippic a passage containing few
connectives, and omits to render part of those.
He is consistent and natural, but consistency is
not a jewel which fits every setting.
This may seem captious, but the defect is
unfortunate, even though numerous virtues com-
bine to cover it. As the author himself tells us
in connection with Ovid, "The world always
listens to a story well told." Many an admirer
of this excellent work who is sensitive to the
style that shoots forth peculiar graces will be
tempted to praise Professor Duff's long and
scholarly history, and read some less exhaustive
one of more conciliating style. A ton of marble
rough-hewn is a valuable possession, but it is
worth a great deal more when finished into a sta-
tue. However, not everyone can be a Praxiteles.
Grant Showebman.
Two Great Masters of English
Poetry.*
The two most important periods of our poetic
literature, it will hardly be denied, are the age
of Shakespeare and the age of Wordsworth; and
the two most significant poets in these periods
are those who give them their names. It is not
surprising, therefore, that out of eleven lectures
the Professor of Poetry at Oxford should devote
four each to these periods, the remaining three
being of a general character. Shakespeare
admittedly is inexhaustible; and readers and
critics are finding Wordsworth more and more
worthy of profound study. Professor Bradley's
keen and illuminating work on " Shakespearean
Tragedy" showed how much there was to be
said on Shakespeare's best-known plays, after
all these years of criticism; and now two of
his lectures, "The Rejection of Falstaff" and
"Antony and Cleopatra," treat familiar themes
•Oxford Lectubes on Poetry. By A. C. Bradley,
LL.D., Litt.D. New York: The Macmillan Co.
in a fresh and interesting fashion. The other
two lectures, "Shakespeare the Man" and
"Shakespeare's Theatre and Audience," are
rather an entertaini