381 Negaunee City LIBRARY t rtOFERTY or ARTES SCI EN TI A VERITAS ■ ■ 0- w 0 THE DIAL cA Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information VOLUME LV. July 1 to December 16, 1913 CHICAGO v. w INDEX TO VOLUME LV. PAGE Active Life, Recollections of an Percy F. Bicknell 476 America, Explaining 37 American Life, Hopes and Prophesies for .... Wallace Rice '114 American Sculptors, The Greatest of Lorado Taft 469 American Singer, Recollections of an Louis James Block 523 Ancient History, A Page of 5 Austen, Jane, Home Life of W. E. Simonds 303 Baconian Heresy, The Charles Leonard Moore . . . . 141 Bennett, Mr. Arnold, in Paris and Elsewhere . Edith Kellogg Dunton .... 477 Bigelow, John, in His Prime Percy F. Bicknell 43 Books of the Coming Year, 1913 191 Borgia Horrors Again, The Boy Temple House 82 Botany, Diverse Aspects of T. D. A. Cockerell 307 Bridges, Robert: Poet Laureate 69 Bronte Letters, The New May Sinclair 343 Byzantine and Romanesque Architecture Sidney Fiske Kimball .... 306 Civil War, The Pivotal Period of the William E. Dodd 301 Classics, The Pith of the Charles Leonard Moore ... 52 Crime and Punishment, The Philosophy of ... . Charles Richmond Henderson . . 261 Disease and Genius Charles Leonard Moore . . . 351 Dramatist, A "New" Archibald Henderson . . . . 474 Dreams, The Mystery of ... Horace M. Kallen 78 Education Charles Leonard Moore .... 395 Educational Reference Work, A Great M.V. O'Shea 18 Eliot, George, Inner Life of George Roy Elliott 50 England, Modern, Social Development of .... Laurence M. Larson . . . . . 404 English Epic, The Herbert E. Cory 83 English Lyric, Studies of the Raymond Macdonald Alden . . 405 English Novel, Mr. Saintsbury on the Charles Leonard Moore .... 253 English Novel, The Modern: Some Tendencies . . . E. H. Lacon Watson .... 251 "Erewhon," The Author of Charles Leonard Moore .... 293 Fiction, Recent William Morton Payne 19, 157, 358 Flora, The New Illustrated T. D. A. Cockerell 145 German Socialist and Statesman, A Great .... Frederic Austin Ogg 260 Germany's Dreams of Expansion Frederic Austin Ogg 410 Gettysburg, The Hero of Charles Leonard Moore .... 13 Golden West, Divergent Opinions of the Charles Atwood Kofoid .... 109 Hero of the Gentle Life, A Percy F. Bicknell 402 Holiday Publications, 1913 479, 528 Immigration, Phases and Problems of Frederic Austin Ogg 205 India the Contradictory Fred B. R. Hellems 525 International Politics, The Game ok , Edward B. Krehbiel .... 255 Ireland, Ancient, Poetry of Winifred Smith 527 Japanese Color-Prints Arthur Davison Ficke .... 48 "Julius Caesar," The Variorum Samuel A. Tannenbaum ... 45 Kittredge Anniversary Volume, The Edward Payson Morton . 355 Library Theory and Practice 131 Lincoln the Man Wallace Rice 408 Literary Agent, The, in England E.H. Lacon Watson 399 Literary Incomes in England E.H. Lacon Watson 137 Literary Relics ok a Bygone Age Arthur C. L. Brown 17 Mermaid Company, The William Morton Payne .... 107 Middle-Class Mind, The 99 Money ok Fools, The ( 393 Morris, William, and His Work Clark S. Northup 256 IV. INDEX PAGE Moss, A Few Words about 511 Musk, The, in a Pet 245 Napoleonic Centenaries Henry E. Bourne 356 Naturalist, A Greatly-Gifted Percy F. Bicknell 200 Naval History, Our Early, Men and Events in . . Wallace Bice 258 Old Friends in New Dress 463 Playboy, The, of American Critics Thomas Percival Beyer .... 80 Poet, A, in Epistolary Mood Percy F. Bicknell 300 Poetry, Recent William Morton Payne .... 208 Russia, The Interpretation of Clark S. Northup 203 S^va Indignatio 341 Shelley Once More Charles Leonard Moore .... 193 Sidney, Sir Philip, Works of Samuel Lee Wolff 112 South Pole, The English at the T. D. A. Cockerell 518 South Seas, An Artist in the Frederick W. Gookin .... 144 Stage Memories of Sixty Years Percy F. Bicknell 350 Stage Setting, Modern Ideas on Edward E. Sale 520 Theology, Natural, without Theistic Implications . Raymond Pearl Ill Thirteenth Century Politics and Culture . . . . N.M. Trenholme 15 Trumbull of Illinois W. H. Johnson 353 Truth of Things, Finding the Thomas Percival Beyer .... 202 Verse, Contemporary Charles Leonard Moore .... 472 Victorian Statesman and Reformer, A Percy F.'Bicknell 139 Victory, A Famous 291 Woman of Letters, The Crowded Life of a . . . . Percy F. Bicknell 76 Announcements of Fall Books —1913 218, Season's Books for the Young —1913 Casual Comment 9, 39, 71, 101, 133, 195, 247, 295, 346, 397, 465 Briefs on New Books 24, 53, 87,116, 151, 212, 264, 309, 361 Briefer Mention 57, 90, 120, 216, 267, 312 270 489 513 411 365 Notes 27, 58, 91,121,156, 217, 268, 313, 366, 415, 493 535 Topics in Leading Periodicals 28, 92, 156, 269, 367 494 List of New Books 29, 59, 92, 156, 234, 274, 314, 368, 416, 494 536 CASUAL COMMENT PAOB Almanac, Extraordinary Value In an 468 Amateur Element, The, In Great Art 42 American Historian, A Notable Tribute to an 518 Art, A Neglected 514 Art and Justice 104 Australian Sailors, Provision for the Literary Needs of 74 Author, All or Nothing of an 249 Barrle, Sir James Matthew, Bart 10 Barrows, Mrs. Samuel J., Death of 897 Bibliographers, Of Interest to 42 Book, The. to Which English Literature Is Most Indebted •• ■ • 104 Book-buyer's Complaint, A 196 Book-buying, Library Economy in 849 Book-buying and Book-borrowing 186 Book-collector's Friend, The 198 Book-selection for Public Libraries 615 Book-titles, Disguised 40 Books, Parcel-post Rates for 198 Bookseller, The Critical 105 Bookseller's Point of View, The 249 Bookselling, Intelligent 466 Book-title, The Unprotected 195 Bridges, Robert, Classical Style of 102 British Stage, Themes Forbidden the 186 Caine, Mr. Hall, Protest of 848 California Magazines, Early 248 Citizenship, Training for 848 City, A Big, without a Ptfbllc Library 467 Classics, A Re-Interpretation of the 74 Collier, Price: Author, Sportsman, and Traveller Devotional Verse, Unpoetlc Diplomat, a Retired, The Literary Diversions of. East-Asiatic Literature, A Valuable Collection of Editor. The Ideal Editorial Salutatory, An Educational Values Emperor's Books, An England's Academic Committee, Future of English, A Well of, not Always Undented English, Coordinating, with Other Studies English Literature, Successful Teacher of Fabre, Henri, A Monument to Fiction, Formidable Fiction and Diplomacy Fiction Month, The Folder, Fascination of the "Foods for Fancy, The Three Best" Foreigner, First Aid to the French Academy's Grand Prize for Literature... Gaynor, Mayor, The Frankllnlsm of Genius In the Treadmill Gift, An Embarrassing Girls, Good Books for, A Sad Lack of Graduate School, An Ideal Greek Studies, The Value of Guide-Book, A Remarkable H6ger-Brontg Correspondence, The Helps to Read Historical Collections, Local Hoosler Readers and What They Read PADS 399 101 197 39 4(6 197 10 298 39S 514 847 847 399 40 9 71 78 297 399 11 248 295 196 347 197 513 11 296 398 102 42 INDEX v. PAGE Hot-weather Reading 101 Humor in Letters 397 Illiteracy, A Premium upon 73 Index Expurgatorius, Latest Addition to the 73 India's First Library School 9 Inter-library Loan System, Growth of the 136 Italian Culture, Deafness to the Call of 297 Japan, What to Read about 348 Japanese Culture, American Recognition of 104 "Journal of Civilization," A Remodelled 135 Knowledge, the Acquisition of. First Steps to.... 516 Latin. The Living Significance of 247 Latin-American Library, A Proposed 198 Laureate, The New 41 Learning, Pursuit of, under Difficulties 346 Leather Binding, Problem of the 104 Legislative Drafting Bureau, The Proposed, in the Library of Congress 72 Letter-writer, The Incoherent 136 Librarian, a Veteran, Reminiscences of 614 Librarian's Life, Fifty Years of a 398 Libraries, Public, Those Who Have no Use for.... 347 Libraries, Special, The Literature of 297 Library, Public, Enticing the Reader to the 41 Library as Club-House, The 196 Library Lessons for the Public 296 Library Problems, Annual Discussion of 39 Library Science, A New Course in 198 Library Work, "Creative" 10 Linguistic Vandalism 295 Literary Criticism that Stimulates 183 Literary Folk, A Certain Defect in the Manners of 515 Literary Industry, Futile 298 Literary Study, Preliminaries to 135 Literature, Minutely Subdivided 250 Literature, The Highest Praise of 247 Literature and Social Service 41 Lowell, Visit of, to Chicago 101 Man of a Hundred Books, The 72 Manuscript, Loss of a Priceless 71 Manuscript Collections, Inadequate Security to... 134 Manuscript-collectors, A Question for 196 New York State Library, Opening of the New 103 Nobel Prize in Literature, This Year's Award of the 467 AUTHOKS AND TITLES Abbot, Willis J. Notable Women In History 120 Agasslz, O. R Letters of Alexander Agassiz.... 200 Allen, Gardner W. Naval History of the Revolu- tion 258 Ambler, Louis. Old Halls and Manor Houses of Yorkshire 533 Ames, Charles Gordon. A Spiritual Autobiography 361 Arkwright, William. Knowledge and Life 154 Aschaffenburg, Gustaf. Crime and Its Repression 263 Ash, E. L. Faith and Suggestion 119 Austen-Leigh, William and Richard. Jane Austen 303 Bacon, Josephine Daskam. Luck o' Lady Joan.. 535 Baerlein, Henry. Mexico, the Land of Unrest.... 266 Balla, Ignatius. Romance of the Rothschilds.... 26 Barbour, Ralph Henry. Lady Laughter 488 Barker, Edward H. Wayfaring in France 91 Barr, Amelia E. All the Days of My Life 76 Bateson, William. Mendel's Principles of Hered- ity, third edition 120 Battersby, H. F. Prevost. The Silence of Men... 149 Beach, Rex. The Iron Trail 361 Beard, Charles A. An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution 87 Bebel, August. My Life 260 Beerbohm, Max. Fifty Caricatures 532 Belloc, Hilaire. The Stane Street 266 Bennett, Arnold. Paris Nights 477 Benson, Arthur C. Joyous Gard 310 Blgelow, John. Retrospections of an Active Life, Vols. IV. and V 43 "Birmingham, George A." Irishmen All 534 Blackmore, R. D. Lorna Doone, illus. by Christo- pher Clark 532 "Bonn's Popular Library," cheaper reprint 90 Bradley, W. A. Correspondence of Sidney and Languet 112 PAGE Novelist, The, in Quest of His Material 74 Nurse, A Famous Author's 186 "On the Branch," The Author of 250 Oratory, Ornate 249 Orthogpist, The Outraged 184 Pay Collection, Peculiarities of the 260 Philippines, What They Read in the 102 Phrase, The Overworked 467 "Pilgrim's Progress, The," A Greek Parallel to... 11 Plato, Two Views of 296 Poetic Terms, A Poverty of 12 Post-Commencement Contemplations 40 Printer, Master, Work of a 515 Printing Press, The Tatterdemalion of the 616 Prize Novel, A Weakness of the 197 Publisher's Protest, A 103 Readers' Habits 248 Reading, Promiscuous 249 Reading at Home 133 Research Institute, Plea for a 466 Review, An Old, under New Editorship 73 Rollo Book, The First 296 Russell Sage Foundation Library 516 Scholarship, A Vanishing Type of 466 Science, Juvenilized 297 Shakespeare in Germany 103 Shakespeare-Bacon Controversy, Milton's Testi- mony in the 133 Simplification and Mystification 848 Story-teller's Vade Mecum, The 616 Texas University, Activities in 185 Tombstone Verse, A Noteworthy Bit of 104 Translator's Opportunity, The 513 Unromantic, The Region of the 465 Vambery, Armlnlus 250 Vest Pocket Libraries 72 Vulgate, Revising the 247 Wallace, Alfred Russel—His Impatience of Book- learning 467 Wldener Collection, Further Facts concerning the 12 Wood-engraving, The Return of the 39 Woodberry, Professor, Phi Beta Kappa Poem of.. 42 Word, Birth of a New 397 OF BOOKS KEVIEWED Brady, Cyrus T. A Christmas when the West Was Young 535 Braley, Berton. Sonnets of a Suffragette 534 Bridges, Robert. The Growth of Love, Mosher edition 487 Britton, N. L., and Brown, Addison. Illustrated' Flora, revised and enlarged edition 145 Brown, James D. A British Library Itinerary... 57 Browne, Francis Fisher. Everyday Life of Lincoln, revised edition 408 Bryant, Frank E. English Balladry 363 Bryce, James. University and Historical Ad- dresses 56 Buck, Philo M. Social Forces In Modern Litera- ture 27 Burpee, Lawrence J. Humour of the North 91 Burpee, Lawrence J. Scouts of Empire 91 Calne, Hall. The Woman Thou Gavest Me 358 Calvert, Edward. Ten Spiritual Designs, Mosher edition 487 Canby, Henry S. Study of the Short Story 413 Cannan, Gilbert. Round the Corner 359 Carden, Robert W. Michelangelo 117 Carter, Huntly. New Spirit In Drama and Art. .. 520 Carteret Book Club Publications: Walt Whit- man's Criticism and Warner's Appreciation of Dickens 216 Cattell, J. McKeen. University Control 414 Chatterton, E. Keble. Ships and Ways of Other Days 486 Churchill, Winston. The Inside of the Cup 147 Clark, Francis E. Old Homes of New Americans 207 Clarke, John Mason. The Heart of Gaspfi 312 Collier, Price. Germany and the Germans 212 Coloma, Luis. Story of Don John of Austria.... 89 Compton-Rlckett, Arthur. William Morris 257 vi. INDEX PAGE Cooke, Arthur O. The Forest of Dean 481 Copeland, Melvin T. Cotton Manufacturing In- dustry 57 Cornford, L. Cope. William Ernest Henley 216 Corwln, Edward S. National Supremacy 412 Craig, E. Gordon. Towards a New Theatre 520 Crawford, Mary Caroline. Romance of the Amer- ican Theatre 485 Cripps, Arthur S. Pilgrimage of Grace 211 Dalngerfield, Elliott. Fifty Paintings by George Inness 213 Dark, Sidney. The Man Who Would Not Be King 22 Davis, Fannie Stearns. Myself and 1 209 Dawson, Sarah Morgan. A Confederate Girl's Diary 363 Deakln, Mary H. Early Life of George Eliot 50 Deeping, Warwick. The House of Spies 150 Delaunay, Madame de Staal. Rival French Courts 310 Dell, Floyd. Women as World Builders 215 De Rlccl, Seymour. Louis XVI. Furniture 484 Dewey, George. Autobiography 864 Dixon, W. MacNelle. English Epic and Heroic Poetry 83 Dowson, Ernest. The Pierrot of the Minute, Mo- ther edition 487 Drlnkwater, John. Poems of Love and Earth 212 Drinkwater, John. William Morris 256 Duncan, Norman. Finding His Soul 686 Eaton, Amasa M. Protection vs. Free Trade 153 Eaton, Walter P. Barn Doors and Byways 484 Edgar, George. The Red Colonel 359 Edgcumbe, Richard. Diary of Lady Shelley, Vol. II 309 Edwards, Albert The Barbary Coast 630 Elder, Paul. Old Spanish Missions of California.. 634 "Everyman Encyclopaedia" 120 "Everyman's Library" 57 Ewald, Carl. The Four Seasons 485 Exner, A. H. Japan as I Saw It 529 Fairchild, Henry Pratt. Immigration 205 Falrless, Michael. The Roadmender, illus. by Eleanor F. Brickdale 631 Farnol, Jeffery. Honourable Mr. Tawnish 486 Farrand, Max. Framing of the Constitution 55 "Fellowship Books" 488 Ferguson, William Scott. Greek Imperialism 411 Feulllerat, Albert Sidney's Works. Vol. 1 112 Fielding-Hall, H. The World Soul 202 Fllon, August in. Memoirs of the Prince Imperial 311 Fitch, George H. The Critic in the Occident 680 Fitch, George H. The Critic in the Orient 530 Forman, Henry J. London 530 Foster, S. C, and others. Old Plantation Melodies 488 Fowler, Nathaniel C, Jr. Art of Story-Wrltlng.. 413 Freud, Slgmund. The Interpretation of Dreams.. 78 Fromentln, Eugene. Masters of Past Time 532 Frost, Robert A Boy's Will 211 Fuller, Anna. A Venetian June, lllus. by S. Coburn 486 Fullerton, William M. Problems of Power 255 Furaess, Horace Howard, Jr. Shakespeare's Julius Cesar, Variorum edition 45 Fyvie, John. The Story of the Borglas 82 Galllzler, Nathan. The Hill of Venus 21 Ganong, William F. The Living Plant 308 Garner, John L. Caesar Borgia 82 Garrett, Fydell E. Lyrics and Poems from Ibsen 213 Garrod, H. W. Oxford Book of Latin Verse 216 Garvin, Margaret Root. A Walled Garden 210 Gastlne, L. A Queen of Shreds and Patches 413 "Georgian Poetry, 1911-1912" 472 Gibson, Frank. Life of Charles Conder 532 Gisslng, George. Private Papers of Henry Rye- croft, new edition 216 Goldring, Douglas. Along France's River of Ro- mance 529 Gooding, Paul. Picturesque New Zealand 528 Goodrich, Joseph K. Our Neighbors, the Japanese 27 Goodwin, Grace Duffleld. Horizon Songs 209 Goodwin, Ralph A. The Stoenberg Affair 21 Gookin, Frederick. Japanese Colour-prints 48 Gordy, W. F. American Beginnings in Europe.. 91 Gore-Booth, Eva. The Agate Lamp 210 Graham, Stephen. Changing Russia 205 Grayson, David. The Friendly Road 485 "Great Lakes Series, The" 216 Greenwood, Alice D. Horace Walpole's World.... 88 PAOE Grenfell, Wilfred T. Labrador, revised edition.. 26 Gretton, R H. Modern History of the English People 267 Grlerson, Francis. The Invincible Alliance 56 Grierson, Francis. The Valley of Shadows, holiday edition 486 Grimshaw, Beatrice. Guinea Gold 151 Grossmlth, Weedon. From Studio to Stage 89 Grundy, G. B. Ancient Gems in Modern Settings 57 Guerard, Albert L. French Prophets of Yesterday 266 Guerber, Helene A Book of the Epic 533 Haggard, A. M., and Palmer, W. S. Michael Falr- less 268 "Handbook of the Libraries of the University of Chicago" 416 Hankln, St. John. Dramatic Works 474 Hardy, Thomas. Under the Greenwood Tree, illus. by Keith Henderson 631 Harrison, Earle. The Panama Canal 531 Harrison, Henry Sydnor. V. V.'s Eyes 19 Haultaln, Arnold. Goldwln Smith's Correspond- ence 153 Hay, Ian. Happy-Go-Lucky 358 Hedin, Sven. Trans-Himalaya, Vol. Ill 118 Henderson, Lawrence J. Fitness of the Environ- ment Ill Herbert, S. First Principles of Evolution 414 Hewlett, Maurice. The Lore of Proserpine 117 Heydrick, B. A Types of the Short Story 413 Hichens, Robert The Near East 480 Hill, Georges C. Philosophy of Nietzsche 309 Hitchcock, Alfred. Rhetoric and the Study of Literature 91 Hopkins, J. Castell. French Canada and the St Lawrence 528 "Hourly Reminder" 536 Howard, John R The Changing Year 634 Howells, William D. Familiar Spanish Travels.. 480 Howerth, Ira W. Work and Life 115 Huckel, Oliver. Through England with Tennyson 481 Hughes, Thomas. Tom Brown's School Days, edited by F. SIdgwick 483 Hull, Eleanor. Poem-book of the Gael 527 Huneker, James. The Pathos of Distance 80 Hutton, Edward. Ravenna 90 Huxley, Leonard. Scott's Last Expedition 518 Hyatt, Alfred. The Charm of Edinburgh, lllus. by Harry Morley 488 Hyatt, Alfred. The Charm of Paris, lllus. by Harry Morley 488 Hyde, William De Witt. Quest of the Best 312 Irvine, Alexander. My Lady of the Chimney Corner 154 Irving, Washington. Tales of a Traveller, illus. by George Hood 483 Isaacson, Edward. The New Morality 115 Jackson, Helen Hunt Ramona, edited by A C. Vroman 531 Jackson, Thomas G. Byzantine and Romanesque Architecture 806 Jackson, Wilfred S. Cross Views 90 Jacobsohn, Siegfried. Max Reinhardt 520 Jefferles, Richard. Story of My Heart, lllus. by E. W. Waite 482 Jenkins, Stephen. The Old Boston Post Road 633 Johnson, A. E. The Russian Ballet 532 Johnson, Arthur T. California 109 Johnson, Clifton. American Highways and By- ways Series, Tourist edition 90 Johnson, Clifton. Highways and Byways from the St. Lawrence to Virginia 480 Johnston, Charles. From the Upanishads, Mosher edition 487 Jones, Bayard Hale, and Others. Tolstoy's What Shall We Do Then? 58 Jones, Henry F. Note-Books of Samuel Butler.. 215 Jordan, Humfrey. Patchwork Comedy 22 Jordan, Modeste H. Art of Short Story Writing Simplified 413 Judson, Katharine Berry. Myths and Legends of the Great Plains 487 Keller, Helen. Out of the Dark 414 Kellogg, Clara Louise. Memoirs of an American Prima Donna 523 Kephart, Horace. Our Southern Highlanders.... 529 King, Bolton, and Okey, Thomas. Italy To-day, third edition 216 INDEX PAGE King, Basil. The Way Home 360 Kinglake, A. W. EOthen, illus. by Frank Brang- wyn 482 Kipling, Rudyard. The Jungle Book, lllus. by Maurice and Edward Detmold 482 Kirkham, Stanton D. North and South 533 Kirkland, Winifred. The Christmas Bishop 535 "Kittredge Anniversary Volume, The" 355 Knight, A E., and Step, Edward. Popular Botany 308 Knowles, Archibald C. Adventures In the Alps.. 530 Koven, Mrs. Reginald de. Life of John Paul Jones 259 Kuhns, Oscar. A One-Sided Autobiography 264 KUlpe, Oswald. Philosophy of the Present in Germany 216 Kyne, Peter B. The Three Godfathers 535 Labaume, Eugene. The Crime of 1812 356 La Farge, John. Reminiscences of the South Seas 144 La Farge, John. The Gospel Story In Art 483 Lambeth, W. A, and Manning, W. H. Thomas Jefferson as an Architect 533 Lamszus, Wilhelm. The Human Slaughter-House 57 Lang, Andrew and John. Highways and Byways in the Border 528 Laut. Agnes' C. Through Our Unknown Southwest 120 Lees, Frederic. Wanderings on the Italian Riviera 630 Lee, Gerald Stanley. Crowds 116 Legros, C. V. Fabre, Poet of Science 151 Lewis, J. Hamilton. Two Great Republics 415 Lippmann, Walter. A Preface to Politics 114 Llvermore, W. R Story of the Civil War, Vol. HI. 301 Locke, William J. Stella Marls 148 Lockwood, Luke V. Colonial Furniture in Amer- ica, enlarged edition 483 "Loeb Classical Library" 57 Loftie, W. J. Westminster Abbey, new edition.. 482 Lowell, Amy. A Dome of Many-Coloured Glass.. 209 Lyall, Mr. and Mrs. Earl H. The Cubles" ABC. 532 McCarthy, Justin Huntly. Calling the Tune 150 McCormick, Frederick. The Flowery Republic... 267 McEvoy, Charles. Brass Faces 21 Mcllwaine, H. R Journal of the House of Bur- gesses of Virginia, Vol. X 119 McLeod, Addison. Plays and Players of Modern Italy 120 "Macmillan Standard Library" 57, 365 Marriott, Charles. The Catfish 150 Marriott, Crittenden. Sally Castleton, Southerner 148 Marsh, Marie L. Auburn and Freckles 267 Martin, Helen Relmensnyder. The Parasite 23 Martlndale, Thomas. Hunting in the Upper Yukon 530 Mason, Daniel G. Letters of William Vaughn Moody 300 Mason, Walt. Rippling Rhymes 534 Maurel, Andrg. Little Cities of Italy, second series 90 Meade, George. Life and Letters of General Meade 13 Melville, Lewis. Life and Letters of Cobbett 55 Mlkkelsen, Ejnar. Lost in the Arctic 24 Miller, Henry R The Ambition of Mark Trultt... 20 Mills, James C. Perry and the Battle of Lake Erie 260 Mitchell, S. Weir. Westways SS9 Mltra, S. M. Anglo-Indian Studies 626 Monroe, Paul. Cyclopedia of Education, Vols. III. and IV 18 Morgan, James. Life Work of E. A. Moseley.... 365 Morley, Margaret W. The Carolina Mountains.. 479 Moroso, John A. The Quarry 20 Mumby, Frank A. Youth of Henry VIII 118 Munro, Robert. Palaeolithic Man 116 Munson, Arley. Jungle Days 525 Murray, Gilbert Andromache, Mosher edition... 487 Murray, Gilbert. Four Stages of Greek Religion. 53 Nicholson, Meredith. Otherwise Phyllis S61 Nivedlta, Sister. Studies from an Eastern Home 625 Norton, Henry K. The Story of California 414 Norton, Sara, and Howe, M. A. De Wolfe. Letters of Charles Eliot Norton 402 Noyes, Alfred. Tales of the Mermaid Tavern.... 107 Noyes, Ella. Salisbury Plain 481 Ogg, Frederic A. Governments of Europe 54 Olcott, Charles S. Country of Sir Walter Scott.. 481 Oliver, F. W. Makers of British Botany 807 Orczy, Baroness. El Dorado 151 Osborne, Albert B. As It Is in England 530 "Oxford Library of Prose and Poetry" 90, 91 PAGE Packard, Frank L. Greater Love Hath No Man.. 148 Parker, Gilbert. The Judgment House 149 Parker, Gilbert. Works of, Imperial edition, Vols. XVII. and XVIII 312 Pearson, Henry G. James S. Wadsworth 88 Peixotto, Ernest. Pacific Shores from Panama.. 479 Pennington, Patience. A Woman Rice Planter.. 485 Petre, F. Loralne. Napoleon's Last Campaign... 357 Photiades, Constantin. George Meredith 264 Pier, Arthur Stanwood. Story of Harvard 485 Pollard, Hugh B. C. A Busy Time in Mexico 265 Popp, Adelheid. Autobiography of a Working Woman 54 Powers, H. H. The Message of Greek Art 362 Putnam, George P. Southland of No. America.. 55 Rappoport, A. S. Home Life In Russia 204 Raymond, George L. The Mountains about Willlamstown 486 Reed, Myrtle. Happy Women 488 "Regent Library" 62 Reinheimer, Herman. Evolution by Cooperation.. 412 Reynolds, Rothay. My Russian Year 203 Rhys, Ernest. Lyric Poetry 405 Richardson, John. In the Garden of Delight 634 Richmond, Grace S. Under the Christmas Stars. 535 Rittenhouse, Jessie B. The Little Book of Modern Verse 472 Roberts, Elmer. Monarchical Socialism in Ger- many 265 Roberts, Peter. The New Immigration • 207 Robertson, J. G. Goethe and the 20th Century... 56 Robertson, John M. The Baconian Heresy 141 Robinson, A. Mary F. Songs from an Italian Garden, Mosher edition 487 Robinson, C. H Longhead 268 Holland, Romaln. Life of Michael Angelo 216 Rolleston, T. W. Parsifal, illus. by Willy Pogany 487 Roosevelt, Theodore. An Autobiography 476 Roscoe, E. S. English Scene in the 18th Century. 89 Rose, J. Holland. The Personality of Napoleon.. 367 Rosebery, Lord. The Windham Papers 311 Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, lllus. by Willy Pogany 483 Ruppln, Arthur. The Jews of To-day 152 Saint-Gaudens, Homer. Reminiscences of Augus- tus Saint-Gaudens 469 Saintsbury, George. The English Novel 25S Saunders, C. F. Under the Sky in California.... 110 Schauffler, Robert Haven. Romantic America.... 479 Schelllng, Felix E. The English Lyric 405 Schiller, F. C. S. Humanism, second edition.... 25 Schmucker, Samuel C. Meaning of Evolution... 362 Scollard, Clinton. Lyrics from a Library 208 Seachrest, Effie. Legendary Lore and Peeps at Pictures 532 Sedgwick, H. D. Italy in the 13th Century 15 "Sermon on the Mount," Mosher edition 487 Seton, Ernest Thompson. Wild Animals at Home 48 Shakespeare's Songs and Sonnets, decorated by Edith A. Ibbs 483 Shelley, Henry C. Art of the Wallace Collection. . 64 Shelley, Henry C. Shakespeare and Stratford.... 482 Shelley, Henry C. The Tragedy of Mary Stuart.. 267 Sherrill, C. H A Stained Glass Tour In Italy 481 Sidis, Boris. The Psychology of Laughter 312 Simons, Sarah E., and Orr, C. I. Dramatization.. 216 Sladen, Douglas. Queer Things about Japan.... 531 Slater, Gilbert. Making of Modern England 404 Smith, Alexander. Dreamthorp, Mosher edition.. 487 Smith, Mabel S. C. Twenty Centuries of Paris... 683 Smith, T. Hopklnson. In Thackeray's London 480 Snaith, J. C. An Affair of State 21 Somerville, Frankfort. The Spirit of Paris 481 "Songs of Adieu," Mosher edition 487 Spence, Lewis. Myths of Mexico and Peru 488 Stanley, Caroline A. Their Christmas Golden Wedding 536 Stefansson, Vilhjalmur. My Life with the Eskimo 479 Stevenson, R. L. Poems and Ballads, one-volume edition 365 Stiles, George K. The Dragoman 148 Stock, Ralph. Confessions of a Tenderfoot 26 Straus, Oscar S. The American Spirit 27 Strong, Josiah. Our World 115 Sullivan, Mary. Court Masques of James 1 87 Swinburne, A. C. A Pilgrimage of Pleasure 864 Taber, Edward M. Stowe Notes 24 viii. INDEX PAGE Talbert, Ernest Old Countries Discovered Anew. 481 Tarde, Gabriel. Penal Philosophy 261 Taylor, Bert Leston. Motley Measures 534 Tennyson, Charles. Cambridge from Within 487 Thomas, Bertha. Picture Tales from Welsh Hills 365 Thomas, Edward. The Icknleld Way 26 Thoreau, Henry D. Excursions, lllus. by Clifton Johnson 482 Tower, Charles. Along Germany's River of Ro- mance 629 Townsend, C. W. Sand Dunes and Salt Marshes.. 153 Trevelyan, George M. Life of John Bright 139 Triggs, H. Inlgo. Garden Craft in Europe 484 Underbill. Evelyn. Immanence 210 Underhill, Evelyn. The Mystic Way 162 Underwood, J. J. Alaska 119 Upton, George P. In Music Land 364 Usher, Roland G. Pan-Germanism 410 Van Denburgh, Elizabeth D. My Voyage in the U. S. Frigate "Congress" 529 Van Dyke, Henry. The Toiling of Felix 633 Veatch, Byron E. Next Christmas 636 Vincent, Leon H. Dandles and Men of Letters... 486 Warne, Frank J. The Immigrant Invasion 206 Academic Spirit, The Old, and the New. Nathan Haskell Dole 616 Barnes Publishing Business, Seventy-flve Tears of the 19 Bebel, August, Death of 156 Books, The Dating of. T. D. A. Cockerell 12 Bronte Letters, The. Bernard Bobel 252 Brown, William Garrott, Death of 166 Doves Press, Announcements of, 1914 494 English, Slovenly, in Popular Books. O. D. Wan- namaker 517 Fabre's "Souvenirs Entomologiques," Complete English Translation of 217 Harvard University School for Health Officers, Establishment of 366 Hazlitt, William Carew, Death of 217 Indian Censorship. Erving Winslow 299 Indiana Library Association, Hand-Book of 493 Janvier, Thomas A., Death of 28 Jenkins, Stephen, Death of 366 "Julius Cajsar," The Variorum. Charles Milton Street 106 Keats, A Forthcoming Biography of. Sidney Colvin 12 Lamed, Josephine Nelson, Death of 166 Laurentlan Publishers, The 313 Literary Criticism, Unanimity in. Nathan Haskell Dole 198 Literature as a Substitute for Life. Robert J. Shores 75 "Mid-West Quarterly, The" 636 Milton's "Starre-Tpolntlng Pyramid." Samuel A. Tannenbaum 401 PAOE Warner, Hermann J. New Letters of an Idle Man 310 Watson, G. L. de St. M. A Polish Exile with Napoleon 857 Watson, William. The Muse in Exile 210 Wells, Carolyn. Onyx Series 488 Weston, Jessie L. Romance, Vision, and Satire.. 17 Whipple, Wayne. Story-Life of the Son of Man.. 488 White, Horace. Life of Lyman Trumbull 368 Whiting, Lilian. Athens the Violet-Crowned 480 Whitman, Walt. Poems from Leaves of Grass, lllus. by Margaret C. Cook 631 Wilde, Oscar. Poems, Astor edition 268 Williams, John Sharp. Thomas Jefferson 214 Winter, Nevln O. The Russian Empire 204 Winter, William. The Wallet of Time 850 Woodberry, George E. The Kingdom of All-Souls 208 Woodruff, Helen S. The Lady of the Lighthouse. 635 Woods, Frederick A. The Influence of Monarchs.. 118 Woods, Matthew. In Spite of Epilepsy 851 "World's Classics" 91 Wright, Mabel Osgood. The Stranger at the Gate 685 Wylie, I. A. R. The Daughter of Brahma 23 Yard, Robert Sterling. The Publisher 214 Younghusband, Francis. Within 88 Miller, Emily Huntington, Death of 415 Mosher Catalogue, The New 416 Newcomer, Alphonso Gerald, Death of 269 Newcomer, Alphonso Gerald. Raymond Macdonald Alden 298 Newcomer, Professor, In Memory of. Edgar Lee Masters 299 Noyes, Mr. Alfred, Poetry of. H. H. Peckham.. 199 "Pilgrimage of Pleasure, A" W. MacDonald Mackay 401 Princeton University Press, Plans of 367 "Programme" and "Program." Henry Barrett Hinckley 199 Scandinavian Writers, A Plan for English Trans- lations of. Askel O. S. Josephson 74 Scott Library, Presentation of, to Brown Univer- sity 494 Shafer, Sara Andrew, Death of 866 Shakespeare, Milton's Epitaph on. Edwin Dur- ning-Lawrence 349 Simplified Spelling Once More. Nathan Haskell Dole 106 Smith, Sydney, A Memorial to. Ernest E. Taylor 617 Stevenson Fellowship Dinner, The. Helen Throop Purdy 468 Swinburne Bibliography. Edward J. O'Brien.... 468 Thwaltes, Reuben Gold, Death of 367 Verse, Impromptu, A Bit of. Sara Andrew Shafer 106 Wallace, Alfred Russel, Death of 416 "War and Peace" 314 Wldener Library, The, and the Harvard "Yard." Erving Winslow 75 "Ye" and "Ampersand." Samuel T. Pickard.... 617 MISCELLANEOUS . ^ 2 0 THE 9 j&rmi«fSlonthIg Journal of Eiterarg THE DIAL (founded in 18S0) is published on the 1st and 16th of each month. Tutus of Subscription, 82. a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States and Mexico; Foreign and Canadian postage 50 cents per year extra. Remittances should be by check, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub- scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription is desired. Aotkbtuimo Hates furnished on application. All com- munications should be addressed to THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. Entered as Second-Claw Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879. Nt.649. JULY 1, 1913. Vol.LV. Contexts. PAOE A PAGE OF ANCIENT HISTORY 5 CASUAL COMMENT <> Fiction and diplomacy.— India's first library school. —Educational values.—Sir James Matthew Barrie, Bart.—"Creative" library work.—The French Academy's Grand Prize for literature.—A Greek parallel to "The Pilgrim's Progress."—A remark- able guide-book.—A poverty of poetic terms.— Further facts concerning the Widener collection. COMMUNICATIONS 12 The Dating of BookB. T. D. A. CockereU. A Forthcoming Biography of Keats. Sidney Colvin. THE HERO OF GETTYSBURG. Charles Leonard Moore 13 THIRTEENTH CENTURY POLITICS AND CULTURE. N. M. Trenholme lfi LITERARY RELICS OF A BYGONE AGE. Arthur C. L. Brown 17 A GREAT EDUCATIONAL REFERENCE WORK. M. V. O'Shea 18 RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne ... 19 Harrison's V. V.'s Eyes.—Miller's The Ambition of Mark Truitt. — Moroso's The Quarry. —Gallizier's The Hill of Venus.—Goodwin's The Stoenberg Affair.—McEvoy's Brass Faces. —Snaith's An Affair of State.—Jordan's Patchwork Comedy. — Dark's The Man Who Would Not Be King.—Mrs. Martin's The Parasite.—Miss Wylie's The Daughter of Brahma. BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 24 Three years in the Arctic.—An artist's communings with nature. — Essays in humanistic philosophy.— A ten days' tramp on an old English highway. — The resources and possibilities of Labrador. —The story of the Rothschild millions. — Adventure and mis- adventure in many lands.—Social forces in modern literature. —Addresses of an American ambassador. — Our Japanese neighbors. NOTES 27 TOPICS IN JULY PERIODICALS 28 LIST OF NEW BOOKS 29 / MS DIAL Criticism, QiarnsBion, ano Information. A PAGE OF ANCIENT HISTORY. On Washington's Birthday, 1887, James Russell Lowell came to Chicago, upon the invi- tation of the Union League Club, to deliver an address at the exercises held by the Club in celebration of that anniversary. The outcome of the affair was so unexpected, and its conse- quences so humiliating, both to Mr. Lowell's friends and to those who cherish the fair fame of this city, that it seems desirable to put on record certain accounts, hitherto unpublished, of what happened. These accounts place the matter in a light very different from that cast on it either by the newspaper reports or by the gossip current at the time. Mr. Browne, the editor of this journal, felt the thing very deeply, and the following publication properly belongs with the rest of the reminiscent mate- rial that we have printed since his lamented death. Unwitting of what was to follow, Mr. Browne wrote an article, in the manner of "A Fable for Critics," which appeared on the editorial page of the morning edition of the Chicago " Daily News " the day of Mr. Lowell's arrival in town. A Greeting to Lowell. We welcome to-day a visitor who, though but brief is his stay in our western metropolis, yet should receive such a greeting as to make him re- luctant to leave. A sincere, unobtrusive, unforced hospitality will no doubt please him more than too great prodigality of attentions, or keeping too much on the go, or making too great an exertion to show how "unique" the career of our wonderful city, which is still in its infancy (more is the pity). Do n't pile up statistics—the schooners and brigs that enter our port, or the number of pigs and of cattle and other brutes killed in a year; and especially let us keep in the rear those two-legged animals who make their jaw go incessantly braying in praise of Chicago. Spare our guest the details of our startling chronol- ogy, and stand as we are, without brag or apology. He will find a community, though hard at work, not engaging en masse in the packing of pork; with even a few, here and there, who've inferred there are some things in life that are better than lard. We shall find him—but who in our midst does not know him? If such creature exists, fetch him out, let us show him. No one but a dense and confirmed ignoramus could deny that he knew of an author so famous. Or even if literature set its bar sinister on him, he would know our distinguished ex-minister — 6 [July 1 THE DIAL he who, at the fashionable court of St. James, moved, a gentleman born, with the squires and the dames; and while it was not to his taste to geologize among buried scores, yet he did not apologize for the plain words he'd said when our hearts were all full of wrath and of bitterness toward John Bull. With the whole human race have his sympathies ever ran, yet he's first and foremost of all an American; and while his survey is as wide as creation he keeps in his foreground the great Yankee nation. For his country his genius rose highest and glowed in his "Crisis " and "Washers" and memorial "Ode." These poems flashed out like a fire in the dark, and went straight to our hearts as a ball to its mark. In prose or in verse how he makes words effectual, what a vigor he has — this athlete intellectual! Then how charming his fancy, how brilliant his jest, how flashing his wit, in his quips what a zest! How delicious his humor !— may the moment come slow when we cease to admire dear old Hosea Biglow. As poet and patriot, critic and scholar, his career stands as full and as round as a dollar; and clearly, of all those now living who grace American letters, he holds the first place. Nulli secundus, there always will show well among our best names that of James Russell Lowell. May each year that passes more lightly assess him, and the prayer of our hearts will be ever " God bless him!" When Mr. Lowell substituted, for the polit- ical discourse that he had expected to deliver, the delightful paper on Shakespearean criticism which may now be read in his "Latest Literary Essays and Addresses," his audience was con- siderably taken aback, and gave vent to its disappointment in language that must have been the occasion of much regret to those who were guilty of it. The newspapers took the matter up in a sensational way, and for the next few days Mr. Lowell was made the victim of much coarse abuse from press and public. The obvious explanation that he had simply acted like a gentleman was completely lost sight of in the comment that followed. He himself felt the matter keenly, and meeting Mr. Browne soon after the address, said to him: "I hope you will put me right with the public." Shortly after the address, Mr. Browne held a consultation with two of his friends, the up- shot of which was that the two articles which are now printed for the first time were pre- pared. The first of them, written by Mr. Browne, was intended for use in The Dial, but circumstances which need not here be explained prevented its appearance. It now follows ex- actly as then written. Mr. James Russell Lowell's recent visit to Chicago was an event scarcely inferior in interest to the visit of Mr. Matthew Arnold three years ago. Its most important incident was of course the address on Shakespeare, delivered by Mr. Lowell in Music Hall on the afternoon of February 22. This discourse, while perhaps less brilliant and polished than the addresses on Gray and Wordsworth given with such success in England, was yet worthy of Mr. Lowell's high rank as a scholar and critical essayist. Its main thesis was the extra-Shakespearean origin of the play of "Richard III.," but it touched many of the aspects of Shakespeare's genius and abounded in those felicitous phrases and stimulating thoughts which come so readily from Mr. Lowell, especially when dealing with a congenial literary theme. In its delivery he labored under the disadvantage of an almost painfully unsympathetic and unresponsive audience. It was not such an audience as would ordinarily have gathered in Chicago to hear Mr. Lowell on a purely literary topic. His subject had been announced as "American Politics." The au- dience, which was a large one, had come to attend a patriotic celebration of Washington's birthday. The fact that the lecture was delivered in the after- noon of a patriotic holiday, and other incidents, strongly confirmed this idea. Hence the surprise and disappointment when the announcement was made, by Mr. Lowell himself, of a change of subject. His explanation was, in effect, that when he had first been invited to speak in Chicago he had been offered a choice of two themes, a literary and a political one; that he had chosen the latter, and prepared an address accordingly; but that since reaching Chicago and becoming informed of all the circumstances, he found that he "stood on very delicate ground." He had, he said, always been in the habit, when speaking on public questions, of speaking his mind frankly; and if on this occasion he spoke on a political subject he felt that he must either not speak with entire frankness or risk being discourteous to those whose guest and to some ex- tent whose mouthpiece he was, and thus perhaps "mar a cordiality of welcome which will be among the pleasantest recollections of my life." It is ap- parent that Mr. Lowell felt himself surprised in a position where, if he went on, he must either be disingenuous or rude; and he preferred to take the responsibility of withdrawing from the position, by changing the subject of his address. His motive in this, and the delicate sense of honor which actuated him, are such as every gentleman must respect He may have underestimated the disappointment he would cause his audience, and have overestimated the interest his substituted topic would have for them; but it ought not to be difficult to understand and appreciate his feelings and situation in the matter. It is well known that Mr. Lowell was in- vited to Chicago by the Union League Club, whose guest he was, and by whom the proposed patriotic celebration was managed. What he probably did not know until he reached Chicago is that, while the Club is not a political organization, yet its membership is composed largely — in fact, almost entirely—of pronounced Republicans. Mr. Lowell had prepared his address on politics evidently with- 1913] 7 THE DIAL out knowledge of this fact. The nature of his in- tended address we can to some extent infer, not only from our previous knowledge of Mr. Lowell, but from some of his utterances while in this city. At the Harvard dinner, two days later than his Music Hall address, and where he felt free to express himself "with entire frankness" on politics, he said: "We are told that we should not stand out- side of party. I have stood outside of all parties for twenty-five years. . . . What I wish is that good sensible men, and honest men, should act together on certain points, and stand outside of all parties until they accomplish those points. . . . Party organi- zation is no doubt a very convenient thing, but a great many people feel, and I feel very strongly with them, that when loyalty to party means disloyalty to coun- try, and means what it seems to me is still worse, disloyalty to conscience, it is asking more than any good man or citizen should concede." It cannot be doubted that such sentiments as these would be re- garded as highly offensive when delivered before a club most of whose members sincerely believe that loyalty to party is a political virtue; and the fact that the speaker was the guest, and, as he said, "in a certain sense, the mouthpiece," of the club, would certainly not lessen the displeasure. It is not hard to see why Mr. Lowell felt the necessity of a change of subject; although it is certainly to be regretted, for the sake of all concerned, that the change could not have been decided on before the subject of the lecture had been so publicly announced. We do not precisely know on whom the responsibility belongs for the suppression of the intended change of subject until the very moment of the lecture. Mr. Lowell, in his introductory remarks, generously assumed all blame for the awkward situation; and he has since maintained a proper and dignified silence. The other article, written by one of Mr. Browne's most intimate associates, was intended to be sent to an Eastern journal for publication, but this also failed of the use for which it was prepared. The present word of explanation is given to account for the evident difference of longitude assumed in behalf of those who might read it. Although never published, it was in the hands of Mr. Scudder, Lowell's official biographer, when he wrote of the Chicago episode, and enabled him to give his account the right coloring. The Conflict Between Literature and Patriotism in Chicago. The great pork and grain centre of the country has just undergone a convulsion consequent upon the failure of a patriotic revival projected for the 22nd of February. The Union League Club of Chicago, with the purpose of fitly celebrating Washington's birthday, arranged for public exer- cises in the Music Hall, and invited Mr. James Russell Lowell to deliver an address. The club also tendered Mr. Lowell a banquet upon the evening of the same day. "American Politics " was announced to be the subject of Mr. Lowell's address, and at the appointed hour the house was filled to its utmost capacity. The audience that had assembled to hear the distinguished speaker was not a little surprised when he rose and announced that he had changed his subject and would speak, not upon "American Politics," but upon the principles of literary criticism as illustrated by Shakespeare's "Richard III." In explanation of this change of theme, he said, in effect, that in announcing "politics" as the subject of his address he had not fully realized the conditions under which it was to be delivered; that he was accustomed to speak frankly, and that here, speaking in some sort as the representative of the Union League Club, he feared that if he were to speak on the subject of politics he might give offence to his hearers, and that for this reason he had ventured to make the change. Having given this explanation, Mr. Lowell proceeded to read what appears to have been a most delightful essay in the higher criticism, one of those brilliant and scholarly efforts, full of delicate suggestion and cultured allusion, which are familiar to all of his readers. The true inwardness of the situation in which Mr. Lowell was placed is obvious enough to those who are familiar with the character of the organization under whose auspices he spoke. The Union League Club of Chicago is very similar to the club of that name in New York; it is a stalwart Republican organization, the term "Republican" being under- stood to indicate that the club is a bulwark for the support of Mr. Blaine and whatever political prin- ciples he may choose to represent. The club has succeeded in "freezing out" a few obnoxious mug- wumps developed by the crisis of 1884, and is prac- tically unanimous in its political creed. The extent to which it carries its political zeal may be well illus- trated by one or two minor episodes of the Lowell affair. Among the distinguished guests invited to the banquet, the mayor of Chicago, who, whatever he may be politically, is socially unexceptionable, was not included; and a numerous faction among the committee on arrangements displayed their rudi- mentary notions of politeness by seeking to exclude also from the banquet Mr. Lowell's Chicago host, who suffered under the reproach of being a notorious mugwump. With these facts in view, the delicacy of Mr. Lowell's action in changing the subject of his address is sufficiently evident. His own political opinions are too well known to require to be specifi- cally contrasted with those of the club at whose in- vitation he came to Chicago. What he might have said, had he spoken upon politics, may perhaps be inferred from some remarks which he made at the Harvard Club banquet, two days afterwards. "I stood outside of party for nearly twenty-five years and I was perfectly happy, I assure you. . . . Party organization, no doubt, is a very convenient thing, but a great many people, and I feel very strongly with them, feel that when loyalty to party means disloyalty to country, and means, what seems to me 8 [July 1 THE DIAL is still worse, disloyalty to conscience, it is then ask- ing more than any good man or any good citizen ought to concede." Everyone knows the horror in which the Blaine men hold such sentiments as these, and we may well imagine the consternation with which the Union League Club would have listened to their orator had he expounded these damnable heresies. But owing, perhaps, to a too dim realization of what they had escaped, and, certainly, to an inabil- ity to appreciate the delicate instinct that prompted Mr. Lowell in making the change, his hearers were not only dissatisfied, but did not hesitate to express their dissatisfaction. The mute reproach of the large numbers who left their seats and silently stole away during the delivery of the address was fol- lowed by audible reproaches at the close, on the part of those who had remained, and to these the newspapers supplied a chorus on the next day. Some of the comments reported are very amusing. "He can't come this sort of a sell on us again," was the elegant remark of one member of the Club, as he sadly left the hall. Another auditor, a clergyman, was heard to say, "This is the first day I wished Bill Shakespeare had never been born." Another expressed his regret at the time wasted, exclaiming: "The idea of a man spending two hours trying to prove that Shakespeare didn't write Henry VIII." Still another was reported as saying that "the speaker was a great man on politics, but who was Richard III?" When one of the committee on arrangements tersely remarked: "It was a pretty hard grind on the Club," he expressed very neatly the prevailing sentiment of the audience. Not less amusing than these random comments are the various theories put forward to account for Mr. Lowell's change of subject. The obvious explanation which we have already given requires for its acceptance some degree of refinement of feeling, and this seems to be lacking in many of his critics. The simplest of the theories propounded is that Mr. Lowell was "full" upon the occasion of the address. Another almost as simple is that he lacked "sand." A third has it that Mr. Lowell is a presidential candidate and does not wish to injure his chances of success by being too outspoken on political subjects. This finds a number of adherents. A fourth theory is that he was dissuaded from ex- pressing himself on politics by secret emissaries of Mr. Blaine. Still another ingenious theorist sug- gests that Mr. Lowell's modesty prevented him from speaking upon a subject of which he is notoriously ignorant. "What does he know about politics? He never made a stump speech in his life!" Two other theories of conflicting character find each a certain number of upholders. One of them is, in effect, that Mr. Lowell came to the conclusion that Chicago was not capable of appreciating a profound treat- ment of politics, and that he chose literature as something more nearly upon the level of his pro- spective audience. This theory was expressed by the gentleman who is reported to have said: "He thought anything good enough for Chicago." The opposing theory, which is far more popular, is based upon a finer perception of the relative demands of politics and literature upon the intelligence of an audience. According to this theory, Mr. Lowell had prepared a political address suited to what he supposed to be the limited capacity of a Chicago audience. When he reached that city, however, the evidences of culture and refinement which met him on every hand revealed to him the extent of his misconception, and he hastily substituted something better suited to the exacting standard of his hearers. This theory has the great advantage of having no offensive implications as far as Chicago is concerned, and of leaving Mr. Lowell under the reproach of all Chicagoans for his want of faith in the greatness of their city. The most amusing feature of the whole matter is found in the unanimity with which it is agreed that Mr. Lowell "missed the greatest oppor- tunity of his life " when he abandoned the treatment of patriotism for that of literature. However diverse are the reasons brought forward to account for the fact, there is but the one conclusion that in doing this he made — in the words of the poet whom he has lovingly expounded to so many classes of Har- vard students—"il gran rifiuto," "the great refusal" of his life. The newspapers, which refer to him sometimes as Mr. Lowell, and sometimes as "Mr. Rassell," are particularly strong upon this point. "He misjudged the importance of his opportunity," says one of them. "Not until he set foot in Chicago did he realize that here in the 'far West' of his youth, was the great heart of the nation, which only wanted the touch of a master hand to awaken to the measure of its responsibilities in American politics." That he missed "the greatest opportunity of his life" is the general verdict, the implication being the very modest one that the audience which it was his privilege to address was better worth speaking to than any with which his public career had previously brought him face to face. Upon the occasion of the banquet tendered Mr. Lowell the evening of the same day, much care was taken to make him realize that he had failed to meet the expectations entertained of him by the Union League Club. The president of the club, in his introductory remarks, made it evident that he regarded Mr. Lowell's excuse as a flimsy one, and said, amid the cheers of his auditors: "This club is not organized for the purpose of keeping silent. As American citizens, we need have no fear here or at any time of expressing our honest opinions." Thus reassured, Mr. Lowell spoke at considerable length upon the subject of "Practical Politics." But what he said was evidently not quite up to the club standard of "patriotism," and so a genuine " patriot" from the river bottoms of the Sangamon valley, Mr. Jehu Baker, was introduced to succeed him. ThiB distinguished statesman said, according to the news- paper report of his remarks, that "he did not care a continental for English customs, or for those who 1913] 9 THE DIAL aped those customs in this country. We had a literature which was purely American, and did not need to go abroad for our scholars or our books." This was evidently the article of "patriotism" for which the listeners had been waiting, and the applause which followed no longer partook of the perfunctory, but was, we read, genuine and pro- longed. The events of Mr. Lowell's visit to Chicago afford a fresh illustration of the peculiar fatality which seems to follow the eminent men of letters who occasionally find their way to that city. When Mr. Bret Harte was there twelve or fifteen years ago, a reception was arranged for him, and it went off successfully in every respect but one—the distin- guished guest himself failed to put in an appearance. Some people accounted for this by the fact that the invitation did not include his host. When Lord Coleridge was entertained at a large dinner-party by a well-known Chicagoan, the harmony of the oc- casion was marred by an attachment of the dinner itself in satisfaction of a claim against the entertainer. When Mr. Matthew Arnold went to Chicago, he was received with feelings of ill-concealed hostility, and the publication, not long thereafter, of a letter hastily assumed to have been written by him, was gladly seized upon as a warrant for the removal of all concealment, and Chicago said without reserve what it had thought of its guest all the time. Mr. Lowell is the latest victim of the arrogant philistin- ism which seems to inhere in the very nature of the prosperous but crude community on the shore of Lake Michigan. CASUAL COMMENT. Fiction and diplomacy would seem to be not very distantly related to each other if we understand in its double sense the "merry definition of an ambassador" which, says Sir Henry Wotton in a letter to Velser, "I had chanced to set down at my friend's, Mr. Christopher Fleckamore, in his Album." The definition, as will be recalled, was this: "An ambassador is an honest man sent to lie abroad for the commonwealth." Of American novelists who in an official capacity have juggled with the truth at foreign courts, the list is not long. In fact, only two foreign ministers, Bayard Taylor and Mr. Arthur Sherburne Hardy, come to mind at this moment as combining the two characters of story- writer and minister plenipotentiary; and Taylor, though he produced four creditable novels, is ranked rather with the poets than with the writers of prose fiction. Washington Irving wrote some things— "Knickerbocker's History of New York," for in- stance—that contained more fiction than fact; but even the most elastic definition of a novelist fails to include him in that category. The consular service, however, has engaged the talents of several em- inent writers of pure fiction, — notably Nathaniel Hawthorne during the administration of the presi- dent whose biography he prepared. Charles Lever, among British novelists, filled consular positions. But now we have, in the appointment of Mr. Thomas Nelson Page as ambassador to Italy, and of Mr. Meredith Nicholson as minister to Portugal, two notable additions to the little company of diplomat- novelists. The author of "Marse Chan," "In Ole Virginia," "On Newfound River," "Red Rock," "Gordon Keith," and many other deservedly popular works of fiction, is in the full maturity of his powers, having been born in 1853, in the "Old Dominion" that has served as the scene of so many of his stories. Three terms at the Washington and Lee University, with a subsequent course of law at the University of Virginia, seem to have completed his formal education; and he holds the degrees of Litt.D. and LL.D. from both Southern and Northern universities. His abandonment of the law for letters came only after eighteen years of legal practice in Richmond, during a part of which time he followed the two professions simultaneously. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters. Mr. Nicholson, the popular Indiana novel- ist, known especially for his "House of a Thousand Candles," "The Lords of High Decision," and "The Siege of the Seven Suitors," has also issued at least two volumes of poems and has tried his pen in serious prose, as in "The Hoosiers" (in "National Studies in American Letters"). Born at Craw- fordsville in 1866, he was educated at the public schools of Indianapolis, holds honorary degrees from Wabash College and Rutter College, and is a mem- ber of the National Institute of Arts and Letters. India's first library school is about to be started, if it is not already started, at Baroda College. The principal of that college, Mr. A. B. Clarke, in a recent address before the Baroda Library Club, now printed in the Baroda "Library Miscellany," said: "I propose — and my proposal will go out to Government for orders very shortly— I propose to start in the College a Post-Graduate course in Library Science. I imagine that we are probably about to see a great development of libra- ries throughout India, very largely as a result of the work begun under His Highness' direction here. No University or College in this country, so far as I am aware, has yet made any steps in pre- paration for this coming need, and I suggest as a subject for profitable consideration that here in Baroda we should recognize this force, compara- tively new to Indian life, by the institution of a two years' course in Library Science in the Baroda College. We are well situated to undertake this work, for we have an expert in classification and library methods, who would doubtless gladly give his services; we have at our disposal also the whole of the College staff to lecture on the subjects which may be selected as appropriate to the course." Confidence is expressed in the future demand for library-school graduates to take charge of "the various libraries we may expect to see arising in different parts of 10 [July 1 THE DIAL this country." The foregoing mention of "His Highness" refers to the Maharaja Sayaji Rao Gaikwad, leader in the present free-library move- ment in India; and the "expert in classification and library methods " we infer to be Mr. W. A. Borden, formerly active in library work in this country, and now Director of State Libraries in Baroda. The "Library Miscellany," first and at present only journal of its kind in India, is now approaching the end of its first year, and has doubled in size since its starting. It contains an unexpected richness of varied matter, all having to do with library work and progress at home and abroad; and it continues its heroic undertaking of printing its matter in three languages,— English, Gujarati, and Marathi. It is also well illustrated. That so considerable and necessarily expensive a library journal should be able to maintain itself in a country where the modern public library is in its infancy is cause for surprise and congratulation. Educational values are not often expressed, or indeed expressible, in terms of dollars and cents. But the Northwestern University statisticians have of late been busy computing the worth in money of a higher education. For this purpose a census was taken of the class of 1903, which has had nearly ten years to get shaken down and to realize the per- manent value of things acquired at college. For the first five years after graduation the average earning power was eight hundred and sixty-seven dollars, and for the next five eighteen hundred and sixty-two. The national Census Bureau gives the average yearly income of the Chicago salaried man as twelve hundred and two dollars. Subtract this latter amount from eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and multiply the remainder by forty (a fair estimate of a man's years of productive activity after he attains to full earning capacity), and the result is something over twenty-six thousand dollars. Deduct from this the cost of a four-years course at college, computed at twenty-four hundred dollars for the Northwestern curriculum, and we have as the net value of the sheepskin handed out to the young graduate on commencement day, twenty-four thou- sand dollars, or let us Bay, not to shave the figure too closely, twenty-five thousand. That is a very pretty arithmetical performance, and the result arrived at ought to cheer the worldly-ambitious collegian, present or prospective. But there are not a few young men who, naturally acquisitive of material possessions, find their aims and ideals so raised to a higher plane by a college course that they themselves are rendered much less efficient as money-making machines. And are not those who succeed in preparing for and completing a college or university education the very ones who, as a rule, would in any case be victors in the battle of life? The bachelor of arts sometimes succeeds as a bread- winner, not because of, but in spite of, his academic equipment. Thus, after all, the problem is not so simple as it looks. Sir James Matthew Barrie, Bart., enjoys the distinction, as his friends and admirers claim, of being the first man of letters since Scott to receive the baronetcy. Scribbling knights are as plentiful as plums, but to win the higher grade with the pen is a distinction indeed. The honor is in this instance as well deserved as it was unexpected and unsought, Mr. Barrie (or Sir James, we should say) being among the most modest and un-selfseeking of mor- tals. A London correspondent of the New York "Evening Post" calls attention, in this connection, to the autobiographic value of "When a Man's Single," especially in the unabridged form in which that cheerful narrative originally appeared in " The British Weekly." The author, it is asserted, is a composite of two of his characters, — Bob Angus, the youth who leaves a Thrums sawmill to accept the position of reporter on the Silchester "Daily Mirror," and afterward courts success or failure as a free-lance in London, and J. Noble Simms, an experienced metropolitan journalist whose counsel proves helpful to the young man from the country. Silchester of course stands for Nottingham, where the future creator of Thrums and its picturesque characters was for two years, after leaving Edin- burgh University, on the staff of a daily paper. That the above-named book is rich in autobiographic material is thought to be at least partly proved by the reported utterance of Sir William Robertson Nicoll (editor of "The British Weekly ") concerning young Mr. Barrie as he first knew him: "You never caught him reading; he did not buy papers, and yet in some mysterious way he knew everything." That, as may be recalled, is a good description, as far as it goes, of J. Noble Simms. Intending writers for the press are advised by the authority here quoted to make a serious study of "When a Man's Single." Such a study is certainly likely to prove remunera- tive in diversion even if not in useful advice, and the probability is that it will be profitable in both. • • • "Creative" library work is what all earnest library workers naturally wish to engage in, and do engage in to the extent of their aptitudes and opportunities. At the St. Joseph (Mo.) Public Library there has been established a new depart- ment, called the Creative Department, of which the librarian, Mr. Charles E. Rush, says in his current Annual Report: "The need of an assistant to devote full time to the various methods of securing larger numbers of readers and to promote the reading of better literature on the part of those enrolled as patrons resulted in the establishment of the' Creative Department' This department was given immediate supervision of the compiling of reading lists, news- paper stories, printed Library publicity, bulletins, picture collections, and special exhibitions." Of the library's illustrated circular addressed to school- children, of which mention has already been made by us, it is reported that "these circulars more than doubled the juvenile registration in one month, and also increased the adult registration." A further 1918] 11 THE DIAL activity of a " creative" nature has been the instal- lation of an Edison Home Kinetoscope, equipped for moving-picture films and stereopticon slides. This is especially for story-hour use at the branches, and it has proved a decided success with the children. It trill be of interest to note that "the equipment includes moving-picture films of such titles as 'Little Red Riding Hood,' 'Hansel and Gretel,' 'The Child in the Forest,' and 'The Little Girl Who Did Not Believe in Santa Claus,' etc., and lantern slides showing ten pictures on each plate of interesting travel scenes and instructive geographical subjects. The remarkable features of the machine are its simplicity of construction and management, portable size, economy in purchase and maintenance cost, and the pleasing results obtained." Other features of Mr. Rush's Report, especially its novel and artistic form, appeal for notice; but our space is inexorably inelastic. ... The French Academy's Grand Prize for literature, awarded this year to M. Romain Holland, author of the ten-volume chronicle of the doings of Jean-Christophe— a narrative that its numerous French admirers, and perhaps others also, would like to see extended to a hundred volumes — has been well bestowed. A mind capable of con- ceiving and producing a work of so generous a scope must have an unusually wide range of interests and tastes and aptitudes. That it has such a range is evident, even to the inquirer who searches no further than the pages of "Who's Who," whence a few significant items may here be noted. Born January 29, 1866, at Clamecy, M. Rolland was educated at the college of his native town, at the Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris, and at the French School in Rome. He has the academic degrees of agrigt d'histoire and docteur Is lettres, and has been professor of the history of art at the Ecole Normale Superieure, and afterward at the Sorbonne, where he was the first to teach the history of music; he is a member of the "conseil de direc- tion de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes Sociales." His published works include seven dramas, which need not here be named, biographies of Beethoven, Michael Angelo, and Tolstoy, a history of the opera in Europe before Lully and Scarlatti, books on musicians, early and modern, and the monumental "Jean-Christophe." His recreations are music and travel, and he has his abode, appropriately enough, on Mount Parnassus (162 Boulevard Montparnasse). • • • A Greek parallel to "The Pilgrim's Pro- gress," unsuspected by most lovers of that famous allegory, is pointed out by Mr. William K. A. Axon in a contribution to the New York "Evening Post." He first quotes from a letter written by Southey to Sir Egerton Brydges: "The paper upon Bunyan in the last Quarterly Review is by Sir Walter [Scott]. He has not observed, and I, when I wrote the 'Life,' had forgotten, that the 'compleat design of a Pilgrim's Progress' is to be found in Lucian's 'Hermotimus.'" Quotation at some length is then made from this dialogue, in the translation of Messrs. H. W. and F. G. Fowler (Clarendon Press). Bunyan's Celestial City is, in Lucian, a sort of Utopian State, symbolizing virtue, and inspiring in those who hear about it a desire to become its citi- zens. As Lycinus says, in the course of the dia- logue: "In good truth, Hermotimus, we should devote all our efforts to this, and neglect everything else; we need pay little heed to any claims of our earthly country; we should steel our hearts against the clingings and cryings of children or parents, if we have them; it is well if we can induce them to go with us; but, if they will not or cannot, shake them off and march straight for the city of bliss, leaving your coat in their hands, if they lay hold of it to keep you back, in your hurry to get there; what matter for a coat? You will be admitted without one. I remember hearing a description of it all once before from an old man who urged me to go there with him." Differences as well as resemblances occur, inevitably, in the two treatments of the theme, and it is obvious enough that the English allegorist had no knowledge of his forerunner; and, of course, however many writers before Bunyan may have had dreams and visions similar to his, and even if, as some have supposed, he got a few hints from Spenser's "Faerie Queene," or possibly from the legend, a favorite with him, of Sir Bevis of Southampton, nevertheless the honors of the Bedford preacher remain undiminished; for "Though old the thought and oft exprest, Tis hia at last who says it best." • • • A remarkable guide-book, unknown to readers of Murray and Baedeker, but more genuinely useful than any of those familiar red volumes, is Mr. John Foster Carr's admirable "Guide to the United States for Immigrants." It was in his college days that Mr. Carr, tramping in his summer vacations through the sunny south of Europe, had planted within him the germs of what later developed into a large ca- pacity for understanding and helping the foreigner of lowly station on his arrival in this land of oppor- tunity and freedom. Of the Italian immigrant especially he learned to comprehend the needs and desires; and so it was for him first of all, and in his tongue, that the now famous " Guide " was pre- pared. Though specialists and experts were called upon to put their finishing touches to the various sections of this primer for prospective Americans, the simplicity of its style and plan remained unim- paired, and the readiness with which its lessons can be grasped by the humble reader is a constant source of delight to him and to all concerned. First pub- lished three years ago, the initial edition of three thousand copies was soon exhausted, and a second of ten thousand went the way of its predecessor. Translations, or adaptations, rather, in Yiddish and Polish were added, and found eager purchasers. 12 [July 1 THE DIAL English versions of the Italian and the Yiddish manuals were prepared for Americans desirous of keeping themselves informed of what Mr. Carr is doing. The modest price of fifteen cents is charged for the book, in any of its several versions; and as it is well-illustrated and otherwise well made, this price barely pays for its manufacture. To further its distribution, and thus to do something toward solving the immigration problem, a general invita- tion is extended to make the acquaintance of the "Guide," which can be had, postpaid, of Mr. John Foster Carr, 241 Fifth Avenue, New York. A poverty of poetic tebms seems to be appre- hended by Mr. Edmund Gone in the near future of the art of poetry. In a recent lecture on "The Future of English Poetry " he expressed himself, according to the London "Times," as foreseeing a dearth of adequately expressive and sufficiently unhackneyed language to meet the poet's need. "With the superabundant circulation of language year after year, week after week, the possibilities of freshness grow rarer and rarer. The obvious, simple, poignant things seem all to have been said." Such is the tone of Mr. Gosse's gloomy prognosti- cations, but one may, without being a fatuous optim- ist, refuse to share his fears. Some thousands of years ago it was written by one who chanced to find himself in what may have been not unlike Mr. Gosse's present state of mind: "Is there anything whereof it may be said, See, this is new? it hath been already of old time, which was before us." Just how the new bottles for the new wine will be provided, and exactly what form and fashion they will take, can never be predicted; else they would not be new; but a good case could be made out for the probability of greater freshness and richness in the vehicle of poetic thought in the future than in the past, if any such argument were needed to avert a panic among the poets. The necessity, however, does not exist. , ... Further facts concerning the Widener collection, which is ere long to find a suitable home in the new Harvard library building erected to his memory, are contributed to the current "Harvard Graduates' Magazine " by Dr. A. S. W. Rosenbach of Philadelphia. It appears, rich and rare as the collection has been found to be, its value will be still further enhanced by the addition of a number of itemB from the second Huth sale for which Mr. Widener left bids with Mr. Quaritch before embarking on the ill-fated "Titanic"; and these orders are to be filled, under his mother's authority, as if he were still living. A pathetic story about the Bacon's "Essaies" (London, 1598) in Widener's possession is now told. A short time before the ship sank he put the little volume, of which only four or five copies are known to exist in that rare second edition, into his pocket, saying to his mother: "Mother, I have placed the volume in my pocket; little ' Bacon' goes with me." COMMUNICA TIONS. THE DATING OF BOOKS. (To the Editor of Thb Dial.) Two or three months ago one of the best publishing firms in this country sent out for review a book bearing upon its title-page the date 1913. The title-page does not in any way indicate that it is a new edition or new impression, but turning over, we read "Copyright, 1908 and 1909, by Copyright, 1911, by ." In the preface it is stated that the book is based on chapters contributed to two magazines, but that since their pub- lication in these, they have been revised and consider- ably enlarged. The copyright dates 1908 and 1909 evidently refer to the magazine publications, but the meaning of the date 1911 is not clear without further enquiry. To be quite sure, I wrote direct to the pub- lishers for information, receiving this reply: "Answering your inquiry of April 12th, we would advise that we first published in November, 1911. The book has been re-issued since in the same form." I then wrote to the author, explaining what had been done, and asking if it had his approval. He replied under date of May 31: "I thank you for telling me what my publishers have done. I do not approve of it, and am forwarding your letter with a request that they do the proper thing in this matter.'' To-day I have a letter from the publishers, dated June 12, as follows: "Your letter to concerning has been referred to us for reply. We wish to state that the title pages of books are always changed to the date of the year in which that special edition has been printed, but the date on the copyright page remains the same, being the date when the book was first published." It is because the publishers appeal to common usage for their justification, that I think it may be worth while 'to discuss the practice described. Without making any minute or statistical enquiry, I think I am justified in saying that it is becoming increasingly difficult to determine from the title-page the true history of a book. In many cases new impressions are styled new editions, while in others their dates are those of the impression, with nothing on the title-page to indicate that they were published in an earlier year. There is, of course, the copyright date, given in small type over the page, but purchasers and even reviewers may not notice this. Can publishers say, with a perfectly clear conscience, that they do not expect or wish the public to be deceived by their method of dating? J. D. a. Cockerell. Boulder, Colo., June 16, 1913. A FORTHCOMING BIOGKAPHY OF KEATS. (To the Editor of Thb Dial.) Will you do me the favour to make it known among your readers that I am engaged on a new and what I hope to make a standard and complete critical Biog- raphy of the poet Keats, and that I shall be very grateful to receive notes of any unpublished material, autograph or other, which may be in the hands of American collectors. With some of these gentlemen I have the pleasure of being already in communication, but there must be others who can help me in my purpose if they will, and it is to them that I now wish to make appeal through your columns. Sidney Colvin. SS Palace Gardens Terrace, London, W., England, June 6, 191S. 1913] 13 THE DIAL The iiero of Gettysburg.* It is a commentary on the power of words that what Lincoln said at Gettysburg has eclipsed what Meade did there. To be bowled over by an eulogy celebrating your own per- formance is a hard fate. Of course such an effect can only be temporary. There is room in the gratitude of men both for the doer of a deed and the orator or prophet soul who ap- preciates it. Evidences are not wanting that General George Gordon Meade is coming into his own. He has at least been fortunate in his biog- raphers. The first was Colonel Bache, a cousin, who gave an admirable account of Meade's personality. The second was Mr. Pennypacker, whose careful military study of Meade's career, based on the War Records, has been accepted as authoritative both at home and abroad. The work now just published consists primarily of Meade's letters to his wife during the Mexican and Civil Wars. These are connected by a thread of biography supplied by his son, Colonel George Meade, with some additions by his grandson, George Gordon Meade, who edits the whole. This biographical matter is calm and clear in style, with no trace of partisanship or special pleading. In its simplicity and reserve, indeed, it foregoes opportunities for popular appeal. More than this, however, there are over two hundred pages of appendices, in which are given the correspondence between Meade and Halleck after Gettysburg, many newspaper articles attacking Meade, his testimony before the Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War, and much other matter impugning or defending him. In addition, there is a set of twenty-four maps showing the positions of the Union and Confederate armies before, during, and after Gettysburg. Such boldness in editing we believe is un- paralleled in biography. It is as though General Meade's family had said to the public: "We want nothing but truth and justice. Here are all the materials for an opinion. Judge!" The entirely new part of this work lies of course in General Meade's letters to his wife. They are attractive and interesting, and reveal •The Life axd Letters or George Gordon Meade, Major-General United States Army. By George Meade, Captain and Aide-de-camp and Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel United States Army; edited by George Gordon Meade. In two volumes, illustrated. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. a character fiery and firm, considerate and gen- tle. In the darkest hours he is not despondent, and in the brightest not too much elate. His judgment of men and measures is extraordi- narily just. In the thick of things, his views as to what should be done, both politically and in the field, are such as time has proved accurate. Towards the end his indignation at the treat- ment meted out to him occasionally breaks forth in strong words. "I don't believe the truth will ever be known," he wrote, "and I have a great contempt for History." These letters are rich material for a future historian. There are hundreds of incidents, and innumerable flashes of light upon important events, which can be found nowhere else. Of Meade's personal character and his relations to his family and friends it is unnecessary to speak. They were ideal. Yet there was a quality in him which worked against his success,— a certain aloofness which probably caused the newspaper cabal against him and alienated the complete sympathy of the public. For one thing, he was a trained soldier, and he had scant regard for people who took up soldiering without such training. His earliest letters from Mexico are filled with objurgations at the volunteers or irregulars. Yet when in the middle of that campaign the despised volun- teers won the victory of Buena Vista, he said it was the greatest feat of arms America had ever seen or will see. Similarly, the ink was hardly dry in the letters describing the hopeless char- acter of the recruits of the Pennsylvania Re- serves when they gave a good account of them- selves at Dranesville, winning the first victory of the war. Meade's views of the necessity of training and preparation for war were entirely right, but he never seemed to realize that the American volunteer soon becomes a veteran. Somebody asked Grant once how long it took to make an infantry soldier. "Oh, about half an hour," he said. Grant's trust in common humanity endeared him to the people, and when the critical moment came probably helped him to take precedence of Meade, though it is prob- able that he was not so brilliant a soldier, and it is at least doubtful whether his total sheaves of victory overtop Meade's in importance. If this touch of hauteur and professional pride must be scored against Meade, there is a vast account of injustice on the side of the country '» be wiped out. Americans, indeed, may be said to have an hereditary instinct of injustice towards him. His father died broken-hearted at the failure of his Spanish claims under the 14 [July 1 THE DIAL Treaty of Florida. The justice of these claims was admitted, and at different times bills for their payment passed both Houses of Congress. But the matter was not consummated then, and this really infamous robbery has been perpetu- ated to the present day. For fifty years Meade has been set aside, ignored, depreciated, even insulted. The man who saved the Union Army from disaster at Charles City, who swept the Confederates from South Mountain, who led the charge at Marye's Heights (the most splendid one of the war), who was promoted on the field of Antietam, who saved Grant from the consequences of his blun- der at the North Anna and Sheridan again and again, who fought the two battles which drove the Confederates into their lines at Richmond, has ever been doubted and decried. But of course his crowning triumph was Gettysburg. It was the greatest single thing done by any leader on either side during the war,— the most important battle of the four years. The best military authorities are practically united in say- ing that if Gettysburg had been lost the cause of the North would have been doomed. Consider the conditions of the two leaders in that conflict. Lee, knowing of course his aim and purpose, his army well in hand, his troops flushed with two great victories and made more formidable by rumor, had been in long trusted command. Meade was suddenly sum- moned three days before the battle to take charge of the Union army. Its morale was more or less impaired by defeat; he hardly knew the positions of his widely scattered troops, and of course could not tell where the enemy would strike. Consider the marvellous concentration that preceded and followed the crushing in of his van and the death of his most brilliant captain in the first day's fight at Gettysburg. Consider the energy, the promptitude, the skill, with which he repaired the gallant but almost fatal error of Sickles's advance on the second, when, but for the support he gave, the army would have been cut in two and the Round Tops lost. Consider his prevision of the third day's fight. "They have tried our right, they have tried our left, and to-morrow they will attack our centre," he said. Consider how he met this probability, ranging line after line of troops at the threatened point, so if the Confederate col- umns had broken through the outer rim it would have been an avalanche swallowed up by earthquake. Consider how he placed Gregg and his cavalry to cover his right. Wherever men or a leader were needed there they were set by the stern ruler of the day. Surely few battles have ever been fought which exhibited more divining and directing genius, more pre- vision, preparation, and personal daring than Meade put forth at Gettysburg. But, his critics have sung in chorus ever since, he did not make a counter attack. Well, flesh and blood are not quite iron and fire. Three days of tremendous marching, three days more of terrific fighting, would seem as much as could be expected from mere mortals. The Sixth Corps, which we are always told was fresh to the fight and could have been hurled upon Lee, did not exist as an entity. It had been broken up and scattered to different points of the line. Besides, the head of Meade's spear of battle, Reynolds, was shattered, its massy shaft, Hancock, broken. Gibbons, Sickles, and other generals were out of the combat. All Lee's great lieutenants were alive and ready for the fray. But why apologize for what was wisdom's very course? Anyone who knows the ground, who has realized the spirit of the Southern troops, who has read the lessons of Fredericks- burg and Cold Harbor, knows that an assault on Lee's position would have been repulsed with fearful slaughter. The Confederates' concave line was more defensible than the convex one of the Unionists, and its converging fire would have annihilated any columns Meade could have set in motion. It is surely a fair thing to com- pare Gettysburg with the Battle of the Wilder- ness. Meade's superiority in numbers has been questioned,—at the most it was trifling. Grant had 125,000 to Lee's 70,000. After a long rest in winter quarters and then a leisurely day's march, Lee struck him in the tangled scrub oak thickets of the Wilderness. Two days of fight- ing ensued, terrific, but not worse than the first two days at Gettysburg. Then both armies accepted check. If Grant was a more deter- mined fighter than Meade, why did he not turn upon Lee then and there and overwhelm and smother him with his immense numerical superi- ority? He might have saved Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, and Petersburg. Doubtless he did all that was humanly possible; but if we criticize Meade must we not also condemn Grant? Fame at last awards its wreaths to the worth- iest. Prejudice, clap-trap, partisan feeling are in vain. To the South, which was outnumbered two and a half to one in men and outweighed probably five times in resources, will finally go the larger share of the glory of the war. Lee, 1913] 15 THE DIAL in whose hand the South placed and kept its sword of command, will shine forth as the central figure of the strife. His audacities, his endurance, his resourcefulness, and his indom- itable battle spirit, were longer tried and more triumphant than those of any other leader. But in Meade, though the latter had no such range of opportunity, no such unfettered command, we believe that Lee met his match. They were the two best soldiers of the war, and it was a fate propitious to the Republic which set them opposed in the battle that saved the Union. Charles Leonard Moore. Thirteenth Century Politics and culture.* Mr. Henry D. Sedgwick, already known as a sympathetic student of Italian life, has given us in his " Italy in the Thirteenth Century" a work of belles lettres rather than a formal his- tory. No learned footnotes mar the delight of browsing through pages bristling with poetical quotations, and all the dry material of chro- nology and bibliography is relegated to the appendix at the end of the second volume. And yet the work has an historical purpose, for, winding in and out among the details of Provencal, Sicilian, Bolognese, and Tuscan poets, university professors, artists, and saints, is the story of the last great phase of mediaeval imperialism in State and Church. The impos- ing figure of Innocent III. ushers us in; the versatile Emperor Frederick II., stupor mundi, flits through the first volume; while the pathetic Pope Boniface VIII., broken by the humiliation of Anagni, closes the panorama and marks the end of the middle ages. Little essays on politics, religion, literature, and art as found in thirteenth-century Italy form the substance of the two volumes. There are twenty-nine of these essays in the first vol- ume, each averaging twelve well-printed octavo pages, and twenty in the second volume, each about sixteen pages in length. Such short disconnected chapters are easy to read by them- selves and of themselves as special topics in the history of politics and culture. Thus in vol- ume one we have a chapter on Innocent III. as the Priest and as the Preacher, then one on Joachim the Prophet, followed by an essay on •Italy in the Thihtkknth Ckhtury. By Henry Dwight Sedgwick. In two volumes. Illustrated. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. Papal Jurisprudence and a culminating chap- ter on Innocent as Dominus Dominantium. From this group we pass to a chapter on St. Francis and another on his First Disciples, while the next two chapters or essays relate to Frederick II. and his relations with the Papacy. The field of religious and political history is then abandoned in favor of brief studies of Provencal and Sicilian poetry; of the Lombard Communes; of Bologna, her Constitution, her University, and her University professors, espe- cially the merry Boncompagno, and their inter- ests; of the Nobles of the North; and of Art in its earlier development and its thirteenth- century applications. Only towards the end of the first volume do we get back to the Papacy and the Empire, with Innocent IV. excommu- nicating Frederick, and that "wonder of the world " bringing his meteoric career to a close by a death-bed marriage to the mother of Manfred. But we are asked to turn to Gothic architecture, the later history of the early Franciscans, and the disciples of Joachim before studying the last stand of the Italian Hohenstaufen. Essays on Tuscany and Florence close the first volume, which has thus presented a bewildering variety of content in its many brief chapters on politics, religion, and culture. The twenty chapters of the second volume are slightly longer and in general somewhat less topical than those of the first. Without attempting a detailed survey of the contents, it will be sufficient to say that there is one chap- ter on thirteenth-century manners and customs, two on the great theologians St. Thomas Aquinas and St. Bonaventura, three on Italian vernacular and Latin literature, three dealing with the city states and provinces, four in succession on sculp- ture and painting, six on Italian politics and the papacy, and an epilogue which attempts in five pages to give a synthesis and summary of what has been treated. Mr. Sedgwick brings to his task of descrip- tion and interpretation the enthusiasm of a lit- erary scholar rather than the organizing power and critical acumen of the scientific historian. | His portrayal of Innocent III. is sympathetic and appreciative compared with the less enthu- siastic treatment accorded to Frederick II., who is depicted as "less a man ahead of his time than out of sympathy with it." In view of the remarkable constructive work of a governmental and legal character that Frederick undoubtedly accomplished in his Italian kingdom, it is diffi- cult to see how such a negative judgment can be 16 [July 1 THE DIAL sustained. Frederick was probably somewhat out of sympathy with his time, but he was in advance of it also, not in his imperial ideas and ambitions but in his viewpoint as to centralized government. Yet Mr. Sedgwick observes that "he looked back and not forward." Surely this is not true of the ablest and most interesting of the Hohenstaufen, save in so far as he was an imperialist. The truth is that Mr. Sedgwick is not convincing as an interpreter of mediaeval history, however entertaining and fluent he may show himself as a sympathetic commentator on thirteenth-century civilization. The treatment accorded St. Francis and his followers is scholarly and interesting, though lacking in unity. Similarly the account of Italian vernacular culture in its various stages of development is scattered through several chapters, interesting in themselves but more valuable historically if grouped together. Were the work as a whole arranged in sections having topical unity and development, it would be more readable and convincing as a study of mediaeval politics and culture. As it is, we must either skip from one chapter to another further on, making our own topical selection, or read a suc- cession of chapters with no more than numerical or slight chronological continuity. The value of a work such as this, though not great from the constructive historical viewpoint, is considerable. Information attractively pre- sented abounds in every chapter. The poli- ticians, churchmen, poets, and artists that made the thirteenth century so wonderful in history pass before us in brilliant procession. Their activities are described, their characters are assessed, and their words quoted in a spirit of sympathy and appreciation. The English reader has the opportunity given him of coming in contact with great personalities of Church and State, with famous and romantic Italian cities and districts, and with the stirring new life of the Italian vernacular as it develops from the Provencal forms and the southern Italian or Sicilian dialect to the sweet mysticism of the dolce stil nuovo over which the young Dante raved so mightily. Many an eager young stu- dent with tenacious memory and enthusiasm for culture will find these volumes an Open Sesame to the varied life of Italy in what Renan calls le plus grand siecle du moyen age, while older and more experienced minds will pick and choose such topics as interest them and will find the treatment scholarly and sympathetic. This is particularly true of Innocent III., about whom there is so little of value in English; and also of Joachim of Calabria, whom Mr. Sedgwick characterizes as one who "Flew at the sacred text like Michelangelo at a block of marble, hacking, cutting, chiselling, shaping, until he forced the cold material to set free the imprisoned truth within. He cared little or nothing about dates and times; his soul was swept along on the whirl of St. John's tremendous vision; he saw again the pale horse ridden by Death with hell following after, he saw the fearful beasts and the stars of heaven falling to earth as the fig tree casts her fruit; he felt the mighty mystic import of the end of one era and the beginning of another, and his soul flushed with expectation and passion." This remarkable religious enthusiast and prophet has been too little noticed by English writers in comparison with St. Francis and St. Dominic. He was in many ways a mediaeval prototype of Savonarola in his prophecies of disaster, though lacking the political power possessed by the great Florentine seer. Mr. Sedgwick's treatment of Italian culture is of particular interest and value on account of the many illustrative quotations he gives. This feature makes the half-dozen chapters devoted to the poets a veritable source book of thirteenth century vernacular literature. The extracts are admirably selected, and of sufficient length or completeness to furnish the reader with a com- parative idea of the progress of literary culture from Sordello to Dante. The original Italian usually precedes the English translation, afford- ing an opportunity for the linguist who may wish to criticise the translator. Popular and yet scholarly accounts of the various fine arts round out the cultural treatment, and emphasize the intimate relationship that existed in the later middle ages and early Renaissance between politics, religion, and culture. A sense of humor is present in many of the cultural chapters, and is especially apparent in the delightful little essay entitled "On Some University Profes- sors," as witness the following extract relating to the incomparable Boncompagno of Bologna: "Boncompagno's treatise, The Palm, which, so he un enjoyed great success at the University and put his enemies to rout, seems to us as primitive as the paintings or sculpture of contemporary artists. It is a little book of some twenty pages, intended rather for teachers in the preparation of their lectures than for students; it deals briefly with various matters in the art of writing: composition itself, prose, a grant of privilege, a testament, the parts of a letter,— salutation, narra- tion, petition, conclusion,— punctuation, minor clauses and parables. It reveals to us the difficulties that beset the men who dig the foundation of knowledge. 'I admit,' he says, 'that I do not know where the epis- tolary art was discovered. In Greece I was told that when the Israelites were under Pharaoh's yoke they 1913] 17 THE DIAL did not dare speak to one another, and therefore Moses invented writing and communicated with them in that way. Others say that the art was invented in Noah's ark. I am wholly ignorant whether these explanations are true or false.' "His self-confidence and his love of humour, how- ever, enliven the book. He gives but one example of the proper form for beginning a letter: 'Suppose,' he says, < that the Pope writes to the Emperor on one mat- ter or on several. If it is on one matter the writer may begin in this way: Since We are bound by our office to be assiduous in admonishing all the sons of the Church lest they be caught in the snares of earthly temptation, much more attentively We ought to counsel your Imperial Majesty by apostolic letters, so that you may pass through the things of this world in such a way as not to lose those of eternity, etc. But if in the same letter the Pope wishes to touch upon a second matter he may proceed thus: Moreover We commend most heartily to your Excellency our beloved son Doctor B., whom We and our brethren from an intimate knowledge of his piety and learning love most dearly, begging your Excellency that on account of our request you will treat him with every consideration and give a favourable answer to his requests.' To whom can he refer under this discreet initial?" We are certainly under obligations to Mr. Sedgwick for the exploitation of this delightful character. Mr. Sedgwick's style is fluent, though a little flowery. It savors somewhat of an attempt at fine writing, but is easy to read and well suited to the descriptive work with which he chiefly occupies himself. A full-blown literary style is not out of place when literature and art in their interpretative aspects are being enthusiastically treated. There are, however, in some places naivetes of expression and commonplaces of quotation that jar on one in reading a work of seemingly selective character. But, on the whole, one cannot but admire the general liter- ary tone and quality of the work, and pronounce it a valuable addition to the library of any lover of books or student of culture. The lack of historical organization is a fault that may be remedied in another edition; meanwhile we are the richer by the possession of new material in English on thirteenth-century politics and culture. Some thirty well selected photogravure illus- trations, together with a map of Italy, add to the general value of the work for reference and guidance. An excellent index is provided, and the typography and appearance of the volumes do credit to the publishers. Teachers giving college or university courses in mediaeval history will undoubtedly find these volumes a most welcome addition to the somewhat scanty material in English available for students' use. N. M. Tkenholme. Literary Relics of a Bygone Age.* In Miss Weston's new volume we have for the first time completely accessible in modern English "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight," the most beautiful of all mediaeval English romances of chivalry; together with either pioneer translations or better translations than have hitherto existed of a number of other mediaeval poems—"Arthur at Tarn Wadel- ing," "Cleanness," "Patience," the "Pearl," with parts of the " Morte Arthure," and of the "Vision of Piers the Plowman." Of these, the " Pearl" is an especially noteworthy vision- poem which deserves to be widely known. It has the distinction of style and the power of poetic imagery which one admires in "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight," and it is generally thought to be by the same unknown author. A partial translation in verse by Dr. Weir Mitchell (The Century Co., 1906) has already drawn some attention to this remarkable poem; but Miss Weston's version, besides being complete, succeeds far better in reproducing the spirit and atmosphere of the original. If faithfulness to general effect, rather than line-for line accuracy at particular points, be the test of verse translation, it should be said at once that Miss Weston's versions of "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight "and the " Pearl" are splendidly successful. Miss Weston's general competence is assured by the long practice which she has had in translating from mediaeval languages. She translated Wolfram's "Parzival" into English verse in 1894, the greater part of "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight" into English prose in 1898,Gottfried's "Tristan " in 1899, four of the lais of Marie de France in 1900, and since then several other Old-French Arthurian stories. Doubtless in a second edition of her latest volume Miss Weston will polish and improve some careless phrases. It is hoped that she will also avoid the mistake of using, in a translation into modern English, words which are either obsolete or are employed in a meaning no longer understood. In a few places, by the use of such words, she has obscured the meaning of her lines. Two examples must suffice: "The very steed beneath the self-same semblance ware" (p. 10). "For tho' his weird be drear Each man that same must dree" (p. 26). Anyone who grasps easily the meaning of these * Romano, Vision, and Satire. By Jessie L. Weston. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. 18 [July 1 THE DIAL lines of "translation " will be qualified to under- stand the original Middle English. Miss Weston has done well to place her trans- lation of "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight" first in her book, for it is sure to make the greatest appeal to the reader. It is a capital story, told with distinction of manner and ade- quate constructive skill. Sir Gawain is pictured as the Father of Courtesy, the beloved and almost perfect English knight of the fourteenth century. Ideals of conduct and those things which train, develop, and test the heart of a man are kept ever before us. We feel as we read that the class of society for which the poet wrote, and to which he doubtless belonged, took much thought for the spirit, how it should be strengthened and made noble. The intellectual weakness of such a society is plain. It was unwilling to entertain new ideas, except such as seemed likely to be of use to the soul. That the habit mediaeval men had of repressing every- thing new that seemed to them valueless for the soul was narrow and deadening, everyone knows. To-day the condition is reversed,—no fear of injury to the soul deters anybody from giving welcome to a new idea, however dangerous it may appear. A new idea is likely to be sub- mitted to the test of a different kind of utility,— utility to the body. If it will not help us to be clothed, warmed, and filled, we will have none of it. Our narrowness is different from that of the Middle Ages; and some readers experience a delightful and perhaps useful change by look- ing back from the materialistic civilization of to-day to the ideal which English noblemen of the fourteenth century pictured for themselves. In romances of chivalry such as "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight" one gets at least a com- plete relief from the insistent utilitarianism of modern writing. The change in point of view may broaden our horizon; but perhaps, after all, it is wiser to say that we turn back to these old stories merely for mental play, merely to relax our spirits with the exhilarating thought that we are doing nothing useful. The increas- ing number of readers who enjoy these romances will feel an obligation to Miss Weston and to her publishers for making accessible in such charming form these relics of a bygone age. Arthur C. L. Brown. Miss Lilian Whiting has returned from a pro- longed visit to Greece, where she went to obtain material at first hand for her autumn book of travel and descrip- tion, to be called "Athens, the Violet-Crowned." She brought back with her a fine collection of pictures which will be reproduced in her book. A Great Educational Refer- ence Work.* Anyone who glances through the list of con- tributors to the new volumes of Professor Monroe's " Cyclopedia of Education " f will be impressed with the fact that the editor has induced many of the recognized educational authorities in this country and abroad to col- laborate with him in the production of this great work. The writers who have prepared the articles for these volumes are to-day playing the chief roles in determining educational theory and, to some extent, educational practice throughout the world. Usually much of the work in encyclopaedias is done by persons who are chiefly skilled in presenting in acceptable form the knowledge which others have devel- oped; but it is precisely the other way around in respect to the volumes before us. This peculiarity is perhaps due to the fact that educa- tional subjects have not heretofore been pre- sented to any extent in encyclopaedic style, so that it has been necessary to call upon those who are actually shaping educational thought to furnish the contents of this work. Every article in these two new volumes is, in the opinion of the present reviewer, the work of a capable specialist; and it is probable that what these writers have presented will command the respect and secure the attention of educa- tional workers in all countries. In assigning space to the various articles, primary importance has been given to those dealing with subjects of present-day interest; and these should meet the needs of those persons who are actually engaged in the work of instruction. There are many articles in these volumes, of course, which will appeal primarily to the educational philos- opher, historian, and administrator; but the in- terests of these groups are not made paramount. Some of the more important articles which bear directly upon the problems of the school are those on Geography; Geology; the educa- tional history and present practice of Germany, Italy, and Japan; the study and teaching of Greek, Latin, and English Grammar; high schools in the United States; various topics on School Hygiene; a large number on Educa- tional Psychology; Household Arts in Educa- * A Cyclopedia of Education. Edited by Paul Monroe' with the assistanoe of departmental editors, and more than one thousand individual contributors. Volumes HI. and TV New York: The Macmillan Co. t An extended notice by the present reviewer of earlier volumes of the Cyclopedia appeared in The Dial of May 1, 1911. 1913] 19 THE DIAL tion; Industrial Education; Infant Education; Jewish Education; the Psychology of Language; Education for Law; the educational systems of a number of American states; Children's Litera- ture; Manual Training; Memory; Methods of Teaching Modern Languages; Moral Educa- tion ; School Museums; Music in Education; and Play and Playgrounds. Besides these there are many other important articles on educational institutions, and the men who have contributed to the development of educational theory and practice. In the treatment of most of the topics, an excellent method has been followed. The history of the subject is first briefly presented, and then the best contemporary views are set forth. The present reviewer has been especially pleased with the fairness that has been observed in the presentation of debatable views and theories,— as for instance, the status of Greek and Latin in the schools, and the proper method of teach- ing these subjects. The distinguished professors who have prepared these articles have not permitted their special interests unduly to influence their judgment regarding the relative value of these studies in modern education, and the efficiency of various methods of teaching them advocated by different people to-day. It is apparent throughout the volumes that careful editorial supervision has secured a fair-minded and judicial attitude in the discussion of subjects which are in the process of being clarified through experimentation and critical exami- nation. The "Cyclopedia" will be found of genuine service to students of education, prac- tical teachers, and laymen who wish to become informed regarding the best thought of to-day bearing upon the subjects considered. M. V. O'Shea. Seventy-five years ago Alfred Smith Barnes, at the age of twenty-one, founded at Hartford, Connecticut, the publishing house of A. S. Barnes & Co. (now the A. S. Barnes Company), which in 1840 removed to Phila- delphia, and five years later to New York, where it still flourishes. A short history of the house—" Se venty-five Years of Book Publishing "— is now issued in pamphlet form, with portraits of the founder of the firm and others of its members, facsimiles of early title-pages bearing its imprint, and some account of the educational and other works it has published. It is a record of consci- entious as well as able effort in the production and circulation of standard textbooks and, in later years, of a wider range of works. Since the acquisition, in 1906, of the educational publications of E. L. Kellogg & Co., the house has shown a tendency to return to the special field, in which it first achieved success. Conservative plans are now under way for a considerable increase in the company's list of textbooks. Recent Fiction.* There is always a danger in the cultivation of the garrulous, intimate, discursive style. Its prac- titioner is apt to become so enamoured of his own cleverness that his conceits will grow ever more fantastical, and his irrelevancies ever more discon- certing. It is given to few to drape the mantle of Thackeray about them in graceful folds. Mr. De Morgan adopted this perilous practice to such effect that from "Joseph Vance" on his novels grew steadily less readable, and he ended in a veritable super-subtle futility. We notice symptoms of the same tendency in the novel that Mr. Henry Sydnor Harrison has given us as a successor to the " Queed" of two years ago, and we regret it exceedingly. His manner has become irritatingly labored, and frequently one does not know what he is driving at until a page or a paragraph has been re-read and closely scrutinized. Not that "V. V.'s Eyes" is a bad novel, on the contrary, it is a very good one; only it is less good than "Queed," and this mainly because of the tendency of manner that we have above characterized. The scene is again (presum- ably) in Richmond, and again we have a study of a soul growing human before our eyes by the action of circumstance and environment. The story is complementary to "Queed" in that it deals with the expansion of a woman's soul instead of a man's, and also in that the evolutionary process leads it out of selfishness and frivolity rather than out of dryness and logical pedantry. The soul belongs to Carlisle Heth, who is brought up with the vain and empty ideals that prevail in that small fraction of a com- munity that calls itself "society," and who is brought to realize that a girl may have a nobler ambition than reigning in that petty sphere, and winning the desirable parti that is the goal of a "society" girl's ambition. Now Carlisle, with all her frivolity and petty self-satisfaction, has the glimmerings of a conscience, and this is aroused into activity by two agencies—first, a lapse of conduct on her own part, *V. V.'s Eyes. By Henry Sydnor Harrison. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. The Ambition ok Mask Tkuitt. By Henry Russell Millar. Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Co. The Quarry. By John A. Moroso. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co. The Hill of Venus. By Nathan Gallizier. Boston: L. C. Page & Co. The Stoenbero ArFA.at. By Ralph A. Goodwin. New York: Sully & Kleinteich. Brass Faces. By Charles McEvoy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. An Affair of State. By J. C. Snaith. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co. Patchwork Comedy. By Humfrey Jordan. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. The Man Who Would Not Be Kino. By Sidney Dark. New York: John Lane Co. The Parasite. By Helen Reimensnyder Martin. New York: J. B. Lippinoott Co. The Dauc.htkk of Brahma. By I. A. R.Wylie. Indian- apolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Co. 20 [Julyl THE DIAL and, second, the influence of V. V.'s eyes, which penetrate her soul-recesses much as Rontgen rays penetrate the opaque tissues of the body. Her lapse of conduct is merely an expression of her moral cowardice, and seems too slight a matter upon which to hang the plot of the novel, and all the serious consequences that ensue. She has had a summer flirtation with a dissipated youth, and one day, when he is too drank to know what he is doing, he swims out to the boat in which Carlisle is taking a solitary sail, climbs aboard, and frightens her with the vio- lence of his reproaches. Repulsed by her, he leaps overboard and swims back to shore. Meanwhile, a gust has upset the boat, and witnesses on the shore think that he knows of it, and has deliberately left the girl in danger to save himself. In consequence, he is ostracized, goes to Texas, gets drunker than ever, and finally commits suicide. Now Carlisle's dereliction is simply that she allows the story of the youth's assumed cowardice to spread when Bhe might have corrected it, a not unnatural course of conduct for a selfish girl who dislikes being made the subject of gossip. The longer she lets the matter go, the more impossible it seems to say the words that would clear the boy's reputation, but when she learns of his death, she is self-convicted of guilt, and with her remorse comes a general spiritual awakening. Turning now to V. V., it becomes our function to say of him that he is a physician who works in the slums, and who gives the poor gratui- tous service. He is the soul of goodness, and his optimism is such that he cannot believe that any human being can continue to do wrong after his eyes have once been opened. He even applies this doctrine to Carlisle's father, who employs underpaid labor in his unsanitary cheroot works, and, although denouncing him from time to time, still expects that he will one day experience a change of heart. Between him and Carlisle there are several sharp passages at arms, and she tries hard not to like him, but there is something in his eyes that she cannot resist, and she is won over, despite herself, to his ideas and philanthropies. He becomes her con- science, until her own has grown strong enough to assert itself, and his influence leads her to make what tardy reparation she can for the death of the boy in Texas, to discard the wealthy and aristocratic suitor for whom she has successfully angled, to bring about the needed changes in the cheroot works, and to offer herself as a worker in V. V.'s pet project of a social settlement. The author quite wantonly kills V. V. just when Carlisle has learned to love him, and the fact that he gave his life for his fellow- man is small consolation either for her or for the reader, who has never been led to suspect so tragic an outcome for the story. Some of the minor char- acters are quite delightful, especially the slum child Corinne, a "buncher" in the cheroot works, who wants to be a lady and know about "netiquette," and who worships V. V. as an incarnation of Pro- vidence. She is as appealingly pathetic as any figure in the gallery of Dickens, and is perhaps the figure that will linger longest in our memory from the pages of this book. The old moral that the objects for which most men strive with all their energies become, when achieved, dust and ashes in the mouth, is once more read for us in "The Ambition of Mark Truitt," by Mr. Henry Russell Miller. The hero, who leaves the country town which has reared him to plunge into the life of the great industrial city, is deter- mined to carve out for himself a successful career, and sets somewhat ruthlessly about it. His aim is empery in the kingdom of steel, and he begins as a common laborer in the mills. With industry, he combines foresight and a capacity for leadership which soon make him a marked man, so we find him climbing rapidly up the hill of fortune. He works upon the devil-take-the-hindmost principle which spells success under the conditions of our competitive civilization, and becomes a wealthy captain of in- dustry before the book is half written. The rest of the story tells ns how he finally saves his soul, which has seemed irrecoverably lost. For one thing, he has married the wrong woman, a hard, conven- tional, material-minded creature, and has meanwhile learned to love the right one, an illegitimate Polish girl of humble connections, with an immense capa- city for love and self-sacrifice. It seems to be a condition of his regeneration that he shall divorce his wife, and of our sympathy that we shall accept both this step, and the irregular relations that he establishes with Cazia, whose own previous life has not been inerrant. What really saves him, in con- junction with, or in despite of, these unfortunate , things, is the dream of an industrial community, based upon cooperation and mutual helpfulness, which shall make meaningless the class straggle between employer and employed, and which, after surmounting many obstacles, he succeeds in making a reality. It is a matter-of-fact story, for the most part, but one that is shot through with gleams of the imaginative vision. "The Quarry," by Mr. John A. Moroso, is the story of a country lad, a mechanic by trade, who goes to New York in search of work, falls into bad company, and becomes implicated (although entirely innocent) in a burglary which results in the murder of a night watchman. The boy is arrested, tried, and convicted on circumstantial evidence, the most damning fact being that his finger-prints are found on the instrument of the murder — one of his tools which the real criminals have stolen and used for their horrid purpose. Being friendless, he is rail- roaded to Sing Sing, and becomes No. 60,108 be- fore he has gotten over being dazed by his ill fortune. He has for a cell-mate one Bill Hawkins, a burglar of parts with a big heart, who befriends him, and devises a plan for his escape. The plan works, and the boy swims across the Hudson, hides in the Hackensack marshes, and makes his way to the South, where, under an assumed name, he becomes a cotton-mill worker, and eventually a successful inventor and mill-owner. This takes many years, 1913] 21 THE DIAL and all the while Mike Kearney, a New York police sleuth, is on his trail, like a modern Javert. The fugitive hides his tracks so well that pursuit is baffled, but one slight clue is at last discovered, and the detective is hot after the quarry. When the fugitive is on the point of arrest, he deliberately mutilates his hands in the mill machinery, knowing that the Bertillon record of his finger-prints is the only certain hold that the law has upon him, and thereby destroys the evidence of his identity. In the end, his name is cleared by a death-bed confes- sion of the real murderer. The story is simply and tensely told, without any attempt at ornament, and holds the interest throughout its entire course. As a sort of secondary hero, Bill Hawkins has a large share in that interest, and the ingenuity with which the detective stalks his quarry also wins our admiration. "The Hill of Venus," by Mr. Nathan Gallizier, is an ultra-romantic historical narrative of Italy in the thirteenth century, of Guelf and Ghibelline, of church and state, and of the warring ambitions of petty princes. The hero is one Francesco Villani, who loves the fair Ilaria, and who, upon his father's death-bed plea, renounces the world for the monas- tery. But the call of the flesh proves too imperious, and in the end wrests him from his vows and unites him with the woman he loves. There is much stir- ring incident in this narrative, but it is so gummed up with rhetoric as to be difficult of vivid apprehension. What is intended to be fine writing is for the most part fustian, and even the interest of the story's historical setting does not save it from being tiresome. We often wonder whether "Anthony Hope" would have published "The Prisoner of Zenda" had he foreseen the number and character of the tales that were to be its progeny. In regular procession, they have been issuing from the press every year since, reaching in " Graustark " their lowest possible depth, and occasionally rising comparably near the level of their prototype. Mr. Ralph Goodwin, in "The Stoenberg Affair," has done rather better than most of these imitators, and he really makes the old puppets seem almost alive, with blood rather than sawdust in their veins. The adventurer does not get the princess, because she is preempted, but he does her valiant service, and the lady-in-waiting —a very charming person — becomes his consolation prize. A breezy story, told in plain journalistic fashion, with much invention and little artifice, is offered by the "Brass Faces" of Mr. Charles McEvoy. A girl who has run away from school to meet a wooer whom she expects to marry, finds him somewhat less than fancy has painted, and regrets her escapade. He has got her into London lodgings, where she finds herself a prisoner. She writes a note appealing for aid and it comes into the hands of a nocturnal passer-by. Now this young man has for some time been leading a dual life, albeit a blameless one, and in his assumed character occupies a secluded cottage in the country. He rescues the girl, hides her in the cottage, and straightway falls in love with her. All England rings with the mystery of the alleged abduction, and a shrewd young American detective woman is put in charge of the case. She soon spots the young man, shadows him, discovers the where- abouts of the cottage, and forces its occupants to take a hasty flight. The pursuit grows highly exciting, when the young man, discovering the girl's long-lost father, obtains his consent to a marriage. When the facts come out, the first aspirant, the scion of a noble house, becomes alarmed at the prospective scandal, and declares honorable intentions. Where- upon the girl says that that was all she wanted, and capitulates, leaving her rescuer with the poor con- solation of knowing that he has been the means of this unforeseen union. The young man, thus basely deserted, then discovers that the American detective woman is the real object of his affections, and there the story ends. It is not particularly refined comedy, but it has originality of plot and freshness of interest, which are as much as we have any right to expect. The versatile Mr. Snaith has again contrived a new style for his latest novel, "An Affair of State." This is a work which takes us into the thick of con- temporary English politics, imagining a crisis which might easily become a fact of English history at almost any time. James Draper is the chief figure in a government which strikingly resembles the un- holy coalition that has now been undermining the Constitution for several years, and is at present pur- suing with unabated, if somewhat chastened, zeal its monstrous designs. At the opening of the story, a measure is pending which, if it become law, will commit the country irrevocably to the tyranny of the hosts of labor. It is all to be done in the name of democracy, but Draper has become skeptical of the cause which he has hitherto championed. "There is something right here," he said, clasping his fore- head, "that seems to tell me that the time has come when we who love England must start to back the engine." His confidant is Lady Rockingham, whose husband is a pillar of the old order. The conference steels Draper to a great resolution, and a few days later he rises in the House, and makes a speech of such eloquence and destructive criticism against the Conciliation bill that he is given a majority in the division that follows, and the government is forced out of office. Then follows a time of distraction, of pulling and hauling, of desperate efforts to form a new government, and of threatened shipwreck be- cause there is no strong hand at the helm. In spite of the extremists of his own party, who regard him as a renegade, and of the tory leaders, who regard him as the arch-enemy of their order, Draper is so clearly the strongest man in England that there is a deep-seated conviction that he is the one man to restore order out of the disorder which his act has created. There are many conferences, and cabals, and projects, in which the leaders of the opposing factions take part, and in which the King is an influ- ential figure. Draper's enemies nearly accomplish his undoing by starting a scandal about his friendly 22 [July 1 THE DIAL relations with Lady Rockingham, and the social aspect of the matter is still further complicated by the defection of his wife, who has engaged in an intrigue with Lord Rockingham. The final plea of the Crown is that the latter shall form a government in which Draper shall also serve. Things come to a crisis in a country house conference, where a very tense situation is created by Draper, who not only refuses to serve under Rockingham, but deliberately affronts him, and challenges him to a duel. A way is found out of the impasse by Rockingham, who yields to the importunities of his terrified colleagues by failing to meet Draper at the appointed hour, and announcing his withdrawal from political life. Under the circumstances, he has nothing left to do but to take his own life, whereby the country is saved from imminent peril, and a new ministry is formed under Draper's leadership. It would be unfair to seek to identify too closely the leading figures in this story. There is something, but not much, of Mr. Lloyd George in the character of Draper, and more of Mr. Balfour in the character of Evan Manleverer. As characterizations, both these figures, as well as several others, are masterly creations, and the whole story is told with a com- pression and an intensity which make it a very remarkable work. Everything counts, dialogue, cor- respondence, description, by-play; there is no sur- plusage, no extraneous matter not absolutely essential to the development of the action. Mr. Snaith has brought no finer artistic power to bear upon the finest of his previous performances, and this is no small thing to say of the author, for example, of " William Jordan, Junior." To say that a novel is the work of Mr. Humfrey Jordan is to commend it in high terms to all who have read "The Joyous Wayfarer." The title of his new book is "Patchwork Comedy," and its theme is the protection of a woman's good name from the assaults of a blackmailer, and the final discomfiture of the villain. The woman is the mother of Charles Carfew, the hero, and has long been dead when the story opens. Knowledge of a youthful indiscretion on her part comes into the possession of a slimy adventurer of Continental ill-repute, who uses it as a means of successfully bleeding the family for many years. When Charles comes to his inheritance, he is not disposed to be submissive, and makes it his purpose to hunt down the blackmailer and bring him to justice. How this is done, with the aid of Morton, a young sculptor, and of Margery Gillanby, freed from a brute of a husband after several years of married misery, is told in a story which combines an exciting and complicated plot with a quiet rem- iniscent manner of narration. Both the men love Margery, and Carfew is the one who wins her. The scene shifts from England to France and Switzer- land, and back again. It is distinctly a pleasant story to read, because it has the finished style and the wide outlook of an accomplished man of letters, which qualities in no way detract from its vivid portraiture and dramatic effectiveness. In the story of "The Man Who Would Not Be King," Mr. Sidney Dark expounds, with much force and pungent humor, a philosophy of somewhat exaggerated individualism. The story is so entirely made the embodiment of a thesis that it becomes a rather lifeless performance, and its interest lies far less in its action than in its shrewd running com- mentary upon the organization of society. The best part of it, in fact, is the '' prefatory note" which makes no pretence of Active disguise, and in which the author hits straight from the shoulder, making vehement onslaught on the aims and methods of the hypocritical philistinism which is advocated in the name of social welfare. The most important thing for a man to do is to live as nearly untrammelled an existence as possible, and this proposition implies as a corollary that he shall not try to shape the lives of other people according to his notions. This is a much-needed gospel, and Mr. Dark preaches it so convincingly and so delightfully that we make no apology for quoting at considerable length from his preface. "For years," he says, "I have been impressed by the disgusting tyranny, ever growing more grinding, exercised by politicians, philanthro- pists, social reformers, and other virtuous persons,, over the lives of the great mass of everyday men and women who are bored by politics (except at elections), have no desire whatever to be reformed, and merely desire to live and love and have a good time. We (for I am one of them) are being threatened by experts, by scientists, by sociologists, by all manner of interfering people — mostly well- to-do, and nearly all without enough blood in their veins to sin or enough soul to repent—who yearn to make us sober, healthy, industrious, efficient, virtuous—and inhuman." This theory of life hfr calls Webbism, for "Mr. Sidney Webb is the type of these enemies of the people," and " all the moralists, all the parsons of evangelical faith, most of the politicians, all the Labour Members, and all the old women are Webbists." Crushed and subdued by them are "all the common natural men in all the public-house bars in the country (a mighty and a pleasant multitude), all the mystics, all the children, all the tramps, all the lovers, quite a number of respectable citizens — and I think Mr. Robert Blatchford." We who are natural men have our own ideas about the value of "getting on." We drop the bone for the shadow—but we find the shadow delightful. We pursue the will-o'-the-wisp and think it good hunting. We blunder and sin, and sorrow and rejoice, and repent, and blunder again. The obstinate determination of the average man to be a man is a rock of offence to the social reformer. Against that determination he wages ceaseless war with eugenics (the filthiest and most bestial doctrine ever propounded), with minority reports, with tee- total legislation, with tracts and pamphlets and wearisome talk." Mr. Dark's philosophy of life is expressed in the following vigorous terms: "The blood flows fast in the veins of the common man. He must now and then shout and dance, bonnet a 1913] 23 THE DIAL policeman, fall in love with his neighbor's wife, write a poem, or chuck his money into the river. The curse of our time is that man, since he has discovered wireless telegraphy and made an aeroplane, is con- vinced that he is wiser than God. We are to be born not in the splendid haphazard of reckless passion, but after careful medical selection, like racehorses on a stud farm. Confusion is the rule and the glory of nature. The stars have been thrown higgledy-piggledy into the heavens. The whole Bcheme of things is magnificently rollicking disorder. But man is to live by rule and according to science. Laws are passed without the slightest consideration of the needs of the natural man. The Webbist is dissatisfied with man as God has made him and is eager to create a man in his own image, just as the modern painter is dissatisfied with God's world and has made a world of his own." It would be easy for the cold-blooded logical analyst to pick holes in this plea for untrammelled individuality, but with so much of it as is outraged by the manifold petty restrictions that society imposes on freedom of action in matters essentially personal, we are heartily in sympathy. The most pestiferous persons on earth are those who make it their life endeavor to interfere with us for our own good, regulating our food and drink and amusements and little personal habits in the name of such high-sounding abstractions as temperance and education and efficiency and eugenics and morality. Wherever a legislature or a board or a commission exists they infest its membership and pervert its legitimate function. "Dost thou think because thou art virtuous, there shall be no more cakes and ale?" We trow not, if man have any manhood left. As a commentary upon these principles, Mr. Dark's novel is not altogether success- ful. His hero, who has led a joyous and care-free existence, suddenly finds himself at the head of the Peptonized Soup industry, which has been carried on by his family for generations, and which has created the model community of Slavingtonville, in which men live in material comfort and spiritual starvation under the puritanical rule of the company. He stirs things up a good deal, but his effort to bring freedom into the life of the community results in a demoralization that he has not anticipated. After a year of management, he chucks the whole thing, having made a mess of it, and returns to his former mode of existence, which cannot, however, be as irresponsible as before, because he takes with bim the pretty office stenographer for a wife. "God bless us, every one," is his cry at the close, adding "It is rather a splendid wish, and it would come true, too, if we would only let Him." Reading the opening chapters of Mrs. Helen Reimensnyder Martin's "The Parasite," we find it difficult to escape from the impression that we are occupied with a novel by Mr. John Reed Scott, for the theme is not the manners and customs of the Pennsylvania Germans, but those of frivolous society in Baltimore, and this theme is Mr. Scott's special province. The story deals with a man of middle age, divorced from his wife (wherein he has not been guiltless), and left with the charge of their small son, whom he idolizes, and of whom she plots to gain possession. Randall is wealthy, besides be- ing a man of parts, and carries on a flirtation with a society belle, who is making a dead set at him. Then he surprises everybody by a sudden marriage with "the parasite," who is a young woman of good family in reduced circumstances, and a hanger-on in the homes of her prosperous relatives and friends. She is thought to be a designing creature, because she has attached to herself the affection of Randall's child, but this seems to have been done without an interested motive. At all events, it so touches Ran- dall that he offers to annex her to his household, to become his wife in name only, but not in communion of spirit. The proposition is made in a cold-blooded way, and accepted without effusion of sentiment It is obvious that these two are destined to discover love after marriage, an outcome which is precipitated by an amazing plea made by the wife not long after their union, which gives Randall furieutement h penter, and makes the reader gasp for breath. Bluntly, it is that she be allowed to become a mother by other means than those the law has sanctioned, and that he both condone the lapse and father the child. This, as Artemus Ward would have said, is "tu mutch," and, as Randall rejects it, he recognizes the dawning of love for his wife in his own breast. From this happening on, the way is smooth, and the happy ending speedily follows. Miss I. A. R Wylie, whose knowledge of Indian life, and whose skill in its portrayal in Active form, are comparable with those of Mrs. Steel, has for the second time given us a powerful novel of life in the chief of England's dependencies. It presents the contrast between eastern and western modes of thought as exemplified by typical figures of the rul- ing and the subject races. Miss Wylie understands them both, and helps us to understand them in "The Daughter of Brahma," a narrative of original plot and absorbing interest. The heroine is a Brahman girl, consecrated from childhood to the worship of Siva, and trained by the priests to become the Joan of Arc of a native uprising against the oppressor. The hero is the posthumous child of an English officer, slain in Kolruna by a native fanatic, and brought up there by his widowed mother. The mother is a woman of Spartan character who hates her son because she cannot discern in him the heroic traits of character which are the tradition of his line. She believes him a coward, and the subsequent rev- elation of his moral courage comes too late to save him from a life embittered by the knowledge that his mother despises him. He gets sight of the cere- monies attendant upon the worship of Sarasvati, the Brahman priestess, and penetrates into the mystery of the secret temple in which the rites take place. He becomes enamoured of the girl, who willingly flees with him, and then, to the horror of his family and friends, makes her his wife. He takes her to England, having unexpectedly succeeded to the 24 [July 1 THE DIAL family title and estates, and seeks to enter public life. But the fact that his wife is a black woman is a terrible handicap to him, and his love slackens when he realizes the gulf between them, and especially when he discovers that his feeling for an English girl, the comrade of his youth in Kolruna, has grown into something more than friendship. Meanwhile Brahman emissaries have come to En- gland, having tracked the lost Sarasvati, and so work upon her racial and religious feelings that she con- sents to flee with them, and resume the interrupted role of inspirer and deliverer of her people. The scene again shifts to Kolruna, and the situation becomes very tense, as the mutiny is imminent, and the garrison in extreme peril of massacre. The climax is reached when the husband makes his way to his wife and the sight of him deters her from pro- nouncing the words in which she has been trained, and which will unleash the powers of hell in the threatened residency. Sarasvati is slain by a baffled fanatic, and the situation is saved. What will become of the hero when time shall have healed the scars of the tragedy is left to be surmised. William Morton Payne. Briefs on New Books. It is not too much to say that no Tnthe Antic. otner record oi Arctic exploration in recent years excels in compelling human interest Mr. Ejnar Mikkelsen's simple and manly story of the attempt to recover the lost jour- nals of the Danmarks expedition,—"Lost in the Arctic: Being the Story of the 'Alabama' Expedi- tion, 1909-1912" (Doran). The Danmarks expe- dition had started out in the summer of 1906, under the leadership of Mylius Erichsen, "with the object of exploring the as yet unexplored part of the north- east coast of Greenland, from Cape Bismarck to Cape Bridgemann, covering over six degrees of latitude. . . . Two years later, in August of 1908, a message from the Danmarks Expedition was flashed around the world: 'Object attained, coast surveyed, the outline of Greenland now known throughout its ex- tent, important scientific results obtained in various fields,' but the leader, Mylius Erichsen, with Lieut Hoeg Hagen, and the Eskimo Bronlund, perished after a heroic struggle against the difficulties of the country." Captain Mikkelsen adds: "The result of the expedition, a piece of surveying work, the difficulty of which few perhaps can better appreciate than I myself, was in part attained by the death of these three men." None of the diaries or observa- tion books were found, and for the sake of the three brave men who had given their lives in a last des- perate effort to preserve the results of their explo- ration, as well as because of the scientific value of the records themselves, the present expedition was undertaken. The hardships, the suffering, the con- tinual struggle against almost insurmountable ob- stacles, and the indomitable courage that had marked the journey of Erichsen, of which we already know the story, were equally present in the long sledge expedition of Mikkelsen into the far north. The latter and his companions fortunately survived; though as one reads his narrative, graphic in its un- studied manner, and convincing in its modest recital of heroic achievement, one wonders how human en- durance could possibly survive such an ordeal. The story reveals the plucky little band of explorers struggling on day after day and week after week, fighting their way through terrific arctic blizzards, creeping by way of frail snow bridges across fathom- less crevasses, struggling up the sides of icy moun- tains, crawling painfully over the rugged sea-ice; and then, as the season advances, wading doggedly day after day through deep, soft snow, slush, and water, risking their lives repeatedly amid the grinding turmoil of the ice-pack, because they must at all costs get forward; taking hunger and cold cheer- fully as part of the ordinary routine of the day's work, and facing manfully the most trying ordeal of waiting day after day in camp for the ice to set and open a road, while their small stock of provisions rapidly dwindles; hunting from early morning till dark and finding nothing; reaching at last a cache of provisions, to find it rifled and empty; losing their dogs from starvation and exhaustion, and feeding them to the others, and in the end to themselves; finally, haunted by starvation and scurvy, and with the last remnants of their strength about gone, drag- ging their unwilling feet the last few miles to the main camp, Danmarks Havn, only to discover their ship crushed in the ice, their companions gone, and themselves condemned to another winter in the Arctic, when they had been dreaming of home and all that home implied. This is the story that Mikkelsen tells. It is one worth the telling, and one not easily forgotten. a n ariut'i Edward Martin Taber, artist, nature- communingi lover, poet, was born on Staten Island with nature. in 1863) and died at Washington, Connecticut, in 1896. Exiled from New York for his health in 1887, after a European tour and other excursions in quest of bodily strength, he took up his abode at Stowe, in northern "Vermont, and there remained until within a few months of his death. His notes and self-communings, made there and else- where, with selections from his letters and verses, and sketches from his ready pencil, are now brought together and published in a handsome octavo under the title, "Stowe Notes, Letters and Verses" (Houghton). Like that earlier naturalist, poet, and recluse, Thoreau, Taber shows in his writings the most intimate and loving intercourse with nature. Here is one of this artist-naturalist's winter notes: "This day is perfect winter, clear as a bell, whelmed and softened in sunlight, with an icy-flowing north wind, to which the pines sing, though bare boughs are silent. The trees on the mountains are com- pletely snow-covered — with the sun upon them, 1913] •25 THE DIAL even the evergreens show no trace or hint of green. Hogback is a frosted cake, a coral reef—its spots of shadow deep purple-blue." In the following the writer, like all persons of imagination, reads his own fancies into the things about him: "As I passed through a sugar-wood in the still and quiet afternoon, the maples had a knowing air as of half- tamed creatures conscious of a power unshared by the wilder spirits of their kind — the wondering beeches, birches, ashes, and elms — and seemed aware of the friendly office they perform, and to acquiesce, as well they may, since accident in the blood of them insures a certain protection, if not care." Fine feeling and quick sympathies show in the work of both pen and pencil in this volume. A short biographical and appreciative preface is supplied by " F. T. H.," and Mr. Abbott H. Thayer also contributes a brief introduction. In conclu- sion, and as an illustration of the exiled invalid's undaunted spirit, we cannot forbear giving the last eight lines of his poem, "Winter's Answer to Misgivings." In response to the question, "Why struggle *-till against despair? How long resist the creeping gloom?" he replies in ringing tones: "As long as crowns that hilltop bare The pine against the azure sky, And gives its music to the air, And waves its tasselled boughs on high; As long as shall the chickadee Flit, lisping sweet, from tree to tree j As long as on this slope's displayed The sumach's dauntless red cockade." Euayt in Since the death of William James, humanittic the leaden of the pragmatic move- Phiio.opiiV. ment haye been profe8gor j0hn Dewey in America and Dr. F. C. S. Schiller in England. The Englishman has that happy sense of humor and of human values which characterized James, and which causes his books to attract a large lay public. His volume of philosophical essays entitled "Humanism" (Macmillan) is now issued in a second edition, brought up to date by the inclusion of four new essays, two of which deal with topics which have become common since the original publication of the essays. The first of these new essays is entitled "Solipsism." The reader who disregards the forbidding harshness of that label and plunges into the essay will read it in its entirety for its philosophical good sense, no less than for its humor. The theory that life is nothing but experi- ence, and that you — whoever, gentle reader, you may be — are the sole experiencer, — such is Solipsism. Absurd as this definition may sound to common- sense, it is the logical outcome of the premises of several popular and imposing systems of philosophy. How and why this is, Dr. Schiller shows in detail. His most surprising showing, however, is that Solipsism of some degree is implied in the newest and most objective of philosophies — the New Realism, in its several varieties. Of course Dr. Schiller is far from implying that the New Realism intends to be solipsistic; but he shows how its rejection of ideas as mediating between man and the outer world, and its insistence that man sees reality directly, leaves it quite unable to explain the different versions people give of what they see and their different reactions thereto, or to explain the relation between knowledge and opinion, except on the hypothesis that the particular realist in point regarded himself as the one final court of appeal and his fellows as other than real. Of course Solipsism, whether considered in itself or as an outcome of Realism, is not to be taken very seriously; but this making a bogey out of it for the new realist is a most effective way of drawing attention to his weaknesses. Another of the new essays called forth by recent tendencies of importance is that entitled "Infallibility and Toleration"; it takes the recent Catholic encyclical against Modernism as the text for a discussion of some of the logical consequences involving intolerance as a duty which flow from absolutism and rationalism as systems of philosophy. While some of these essays are couched in more technical language than is found in the more popular books of William James, Dr. Schiller is often more coherent and suggestive than James in his positive contributions to one's stock of working conceptions of the universe in its spiritual aspects, and so his latest volume may confidently be recommended to the lay reader. a ten iiavt' What one likes best about Mr. Ed- 'omEtwiuh ward Thomas's book for pedestrians, hiuhwav. "The Icknield Way" (Dutton), is its admirable restraint, its freedom from "gush," its scholar's preference for the under-statement to the over-statement. In his assertion that "stumping along on a shoeful of blisters is not bad when you are out of Royston and have Fen Hills upon your left; low, insignificant, restful stretches upon your right; and Odsey before you in the cool of evening," there is no painting of the pleasures of walking in rainbow hues that will cause subsequent disappoint- ment to the reader. And when he says that "we walk for a thousand reasons, because we are tired of sitting, because we cannot rest, to get away from towns or to get into them, or because we cannot afford to ride; and for permanent use the last is perhaps the best, as it is the oldest," he does not claim for himself any sublimated passion for pedes- trianism, such as it is given to but few to experience. His chronicle of a ten days' tramp on the Icknield Way, from Thetford to Wanborough, is a sober un- pretentious narrative, but full of reality, of human nature, and of that other and larger nature of which mankind is but a part. Of the Icknield Way itself we learn that "it is the name of two apparently distinct roads: one with a Roman look running north and south through Worcestershire and Warwickshire, the other winding with the chalk hills through Suffolk, Cambridgeshire, Hertfordshire, Bedford- shire, Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Berkshire, and Wiltshire." It is with the second road that the book has to do. The origin of the name "Icknield" 26 [July 1 THE DIAL is lost in obscurity, though several derivations are suggested by ancient authorities, whom the author duly cites. He also, with a sort of humorous exaggeration of the extent to which he has taken his readers into the musty atmosphere of these old chroniclers, says of his own narrative that it "was to have been a country book, but I see that it has turned out to be another of those books made out of books founded on other books." On the contrary, it is preeminently, after the introductory historical matter is past, a book about the country and its varied attractions; and its charms are heightened by the numerous illustrations, in color and in pen and ink, contributed by Mr. A. L. Collins. A map and an index complete the work. The resource. Dr. Wilfred T. Grenfell's « Labra- and possibilities dor: The Country and the People" of Labrador. (reviewed in The Dial, Dec. 16, 1909) is now issued in a revised and enlarged edition (Macmillan). A new and timely chapter is added on Conservation and Exploration, the object being to illustrate the present and prospective resources of the country as a storehouse and game sanctuary, and the importance of conservation of these resources, not only to the country itself, but in the interests of the ever-increasing population of the North Amer- ican continent. Dr. Grenfell emphasizes the ideal situation of Labrador as an immense natural game reserve, but sounds a note of warning as to the urgent need of protection. He shows that the in- habitants of the region, Whites, Eskimo, and Indian, are almost absolutely dependant upon animal food, and that the sources of their supply, such as codfish, capelin, seal, herring, walrus, whale, are rapidly diminishing, and in some cases (for instance, herring and walrus) have practically disappeared. The same thing applies to the land animals, caribou, duck, goose, grouse, and curlew. The record is disheart- ening, and would be more so but that Dr. Grenfell shows clearly that it is not yet too late to replenish the land and neighboring waters by protecting their inhabitants. He goes even further. The experiment of introducing reindeer has been notably successful, and promises not only to supply the needs of the people of Labrador, but to afford an ever-increasing surplus of meat for export to outside markets. Dr. Grenfell discusses briefly the possibilities of fur- farming, pulp-wood, and the utilization of Lab- rador's unrivalled water-powers. "In short," he hopefully concludes, "everything seems to point to the fact that Labrador will come to her own in the not very distant future." A much-needed bibliog- raphy, and some remarks about the habits of the land mammals of the country, are also added to this edition. The itorv of The story of the accumulation of the Rothschild the "greatest aggregate fortune . . . that the world has ever seen or is likely to see" is a marvellously interesting one, and Mr. Ignatius Balla has told it well in "The Romance of the Rothschilds" (Putnam). Starting with the small beginnings of the humble Frankfort bank- clerk, Maier Amschel, surnamed " Rothschild " (Red Shield) apparently from the painted sign that hung over his door in Jew Street, the volume traces the work of each prominent member of the family, down to the present head of each branch, Lord Nathan in London, Robert Philip, James, and Maurice in Paris, and Baron Ludwig in Vienna,— the original bank in Frankfort and the one in Naples having been discontinued. It is clear from the story that the great secret of the family's unpre- cedented success lies in the fact that they have always worked together, almost invariably marrying among themselves, and always consulting with one another before taking any important step. If the dozen ablest financiers in the world to-day could be brought into such perfect harmony and sympathy that each would reckon the advantage of the others quite as much worth seeking as his own, the combine would literally rule the world; and this was substantially the state of affairs with this international organiza- tion of brothers, cousins, uncles, and nephews, fifty years ago. The quality in the group that strikes the reader of this book most forcibly is their absolute integrity. So far from ever misrepresenting, they never even attempted to withdraw from a bad bar- gain. The Bank of England was uncertain com- pared to their own,—the former institution, in fact, would have gone under in 1825 without their assistance; and there was as much truth as sarcasm in Berne's qualification of a difficulty between the family and the Austrian government as a disagree- ment between two world-powers. The great nations have gained in stability and independence until the Rothschild fortunes are relatively unimportant to- day; so that the family's rise from obscurity to the maximum of influence was the work of one short century. Adventure and Many voung Englishmen, first and misadventure last, have left their native island and in many lands. g0Ught the Canadian far-west and other parts of the world in the spirit of adventure or the hope of gain, but few if any have chronicled their experiences more entertainingly than Mr. Ralph Stock in his "Confessions of a Tenderfoot" (Holt), which professes to be "the true and unvar- nished account of his world wanderings," and is en- livened with many views caught by the wanderer's camera on the way. Cow-punching, ranching, cattle-tending on a cattle steamer, beating his way westward again on freight trains, life in a British Columbian lumber camp, glimpses of the Sandwich and the Fiji Islands, fruit-farming at a loss in Queens- land, and finally a successful venture in the purchase of a pineapple plantation in the same quarter of the globe—all this and much else may be found set forth in brisk and often admirably picturesque and idio- matic form in Mr. Stock's book. An unusually severe winter, the worst in twenty-five years, encountered by him just after he had secured a "bunch" of cattle and started ranching on his own account, leads 1913] 27 THE DIAL him to the following conclusion: "I have learnt many things by travel; among others, that stock- raising in any country is a game of chance; that the Canadian prairie is neither better nor worse than her sister colonies—Australia with her droughts and South Africa with her rinderpest—and that life the world over is a see-saw, and one cannot always be at the upper end." The seeming composure with which the author remains at or near the lower end until just before the close of his tale is not the least of the factors contributing to the excellence of the book. His story was well worth putting into book form. Socialforcet ^° completely is modern literature in modem the expression of social forces, that literature. jt cannot De understood without a knowledge, at least in its broad outlines, of the intellectual history of Europe during the last hun- dred and fifty years. To give some idea of the relation between these forces and literature is the purpose of Professor Philo M. Buck's "Social Forces in Modern Literature" (Ginn), though of course it does not pretend to do more than "draw into a focus what else is fragmentary and scattered." For a treatise of this extent the literature is almost inev- itably limited to France, England, and Germany; the topics are represented by such as the intellectual and emotional revolutions in France as in Montes- quieu and Rousseau, the intellectual revolution in Germany as in Leasing, the beginnings of romanti- cism in England as in Wordsworth, and the empire of beauty as in Shelley. The treatment of romanticism and that to which it was in large measure a reaction, classicism, is perhaps the least satisfactory in the book. Our indispensable eighteenth century is given scant courtesy, and the reaction is treated in a rather summary way. Shelley is not viewed as the ineffectual angel beating in the void his lumi- nous wings in vain, but as the leader of a force that had beauty as its ideal and that in an age devoted to science and business held aloft that ideal till it became a part of the idealism of the later century. Addretiet of ^ew °^ our fellow-citizens speak to an American us with more certainty of being heard amba.tador. than the Hon Oscar S. Straus, and the gathering into book form of his various addresses and lectures, twenty-two in number, under the suit- able title of "The American Spirit" (Century Co.), will be welcomed by those who have at heart the best expression of our national hopes and fears, problems and ideals. The most various occasions brought these addresses forth, and they deal with seemingly unrelated topics, fused into harmony by a steady and uncompromising patriotism. The collection begins, appropriately, with George Washington, and closes with the response to a toast at a dinner given by non-Catholics to the archbishop of New York after his being made cardinal,— though there are two brief tributes to American statesmen to end the volume. The topics treated range from sociology to manufacturing, from the consular service to the cause of international peace, from an address to his fellow- Jews to a lecture at the American War College. Every word shows the intensity of the speaker's moral convictions, his love for civil and religious liberty, and his devotion to republican institutions. Best of all, they show him in touch with every move- ment in our common country which he believes will make for its spiritual integrity, no less than its physical betterment and intellectual progress. The first of a new series dealing ne%hb£rT*** "®m NeignDors " comes from the pen of Dr. Joseph King Good- rich and describes "Our Neighbors, the Japanese" (F. G. Browne & Co.). Other volumes are an- nounced treating of the Chinese and the Filipinos. Professor Goodrich has had a long acquaintance with our brown brothers who are now so prominent in our thought, and he is able to write of them in neighborly fashion. In an entertaining manner he talks of the country and the people, the lords and the commoners, the Ainu and the " Earth Spiders," and he weaves stories from mythical lore into the nar- rative along with incidents from his own experience. It is a very human volume. This is evident in the interest shown in the life of the farmer and fisher- man, as well as in the good neighborly custom of criticizing the neighbor. And from cover to cover the book is full of interest. In appearance the vol- ume is most attractive,— of handy size, clear type, with almost a score of excellent illustrations, a select bibliography, and an index. Surely it will cause many a reader to plan a trip to the Land of the Ris- ing Sun, or at least to dip into some of the more extensive studies of these interesting neighbors of ours across the Western sea. Notes. Mr. Alexander Irvine, author of " From the Bottom Up," has written a record of bis mother and his Irish childhood, which the Century Co. will publish in August under the title, " My Lady of the Chimney Corner." "The Wallet of Time" is the title chosen by Mr. William Whiter for his two volumes of reminiscences of the American theatre from 1791 to 1912. Messrs. MoSat, Yard & Co. will publish the work in September. An interesting record of first-hand sociological expe- riences among the unemployed, by Mr. E. A. Brown of Denver, will be published in the autumn by Browne & Howell Co. in a volume entitled "Broke: The Man Without the Dime." The collected edition of Francis Thompson's works recently announced in this column will be published in America by Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons. There are to be three volumes in all, embodying much material hitherto unpublished. In response to a very general demand, the late Dr. Lester F. Ward had brought together for preservation in book form all bis writings of smaller compass which, as first printed, were scattered through more than a hundred periodicals and other publications. The papers represent the labors of more than half a century, and in 28 [July 1 THE DIAL their original form were, with hardly an exception, no longer accessible to the general public. These papers are to be published by Messrs. Putnam in several vol- umes, under the general title, "Glimpses of the Cosmos." The first three volumes will appear this month. The publication is announced by Messrs. Ginn & Co. of a volume of "Anniversary Papers," by colleagues and pupils of Professor George Lyman Kittredge, in honor of the completion of his twenty-fifth year of teach- ing in Harvard University. It would seem as if AValt Whitman offered little if any scope to the illustrator. Yet we note that a selec- tion from the "Leaves of Grass," with twenty-four illustrations in color by Miss Margaret Cook, is soon to be published by Messrs. Dutton. , An authorized edition of the complete works of Arthur Schnitzler is announced by Mr. Richard G. Badger. The edition will contain upwards of twenty volumes. Three are already in press for immediate publication, and the others will follow in rapid succession. Miss L. M. Montgomery, author of " Anne of Green Gables," writes her publishers that work on her new story, "The Golden Road," is "progressing merrily," and that undoubtedly the manuscript will be completed in time for publication early in August. Mr. Edwin Bjorkman's volume of essays, "Voices of To-morrow," to be published by Mr. Mitchell Ken- nerley, deals in great part with Strindberg, the author- ized edition of whose plays was translated by Mr. Bjbrkman. Other " voices " are Bjornstjerne Bjb'rnson, Selma Lagerlbf, Francis Grierson, Maeterlinck, Berg- son, George Gissing, Joseph Conrad, Robert Herrick, and Edith Wharton. "National Supremacy: Treaty Power versus State Power," by Mr. Edward S. Corwin of the Department of Politics at Princeton, is a book of timely interest which Messrs. Holt expect to issue early this month. It will furnish a thorough study of the question of the competence of the national government in the business of making and enforcing treaties in relation to the reserved power of the States. Thomas A. Janvier, the author, died on June 18 in New York City. He was born in Philadelphia in 1849, was educated there, and from 1870 to 1881 was chiefly engaged in editorial work for Philadelphia newspapers. In 1881, after a trip West, he came to New York to enter upon a literary career and went to live in the Washington Square neighborhood. A few years later he published the "Ivory Black Stories," tales of artist life, which were reprinted in book form in 1885 as "Color Studies." His travels in Mexico produced "The Mexican Guide" (1887 et ieq.), "The Aztec Treasure House" (1890), and « Old New Spain" (1891). He and his wife lived for some time at Avignon, France, where they formed friendships with Mistral, the poet, and Felix Gras. As a result of his residence in France Janvier wrote "An Embassy to Provence" (1893), "Christmas Kalends of Provence" (1902), and ''From the South of France" (1912) His book "In Old New York" (1894) was widely read. His other books are: "The Uncle of an Angel and Other Stories" (1891); "In the Sargasso Sea" (1898); "The Passing of Thomas and Other Stories'- (1900); "In the Great Waters" (1901); The Dutch Founding of New York" (1903); "Santa Fe's Partner" (1907); "Henry Hud- son: His Aims and His Achievements" (1909); and "Legends of the City of Mexico" (1910). Topics in Leading Periodicals. July, 1913. Americanisms and Briticisms. T. R. Lounsbury . Harper Amusing America's Millions. Dana Gatlin World's Work Andrew, Mrs.: Ironmaster. Sarah Comstock World's Work Art, Modern, International Exhibition of. W. D. Maccoll •. . Forum Aviator, A Pioneer. Norman Douglas . North American Baedeker, The Literary—II. Arthur B. Maurice Bookman Banking System, Canadian. Peter McArthnr . . Forum Boy, the Idle, Social Status of. G. K. Turner . . JfcClure Bryan, An English View of. Sydney Brooks No. American Butler, Josephine — II. Anna Garlin Spencer . . Forum Church, The, and Religious Leadership. J. A.Fairley Forum City Planning. Frederic C. Howe Harper Civil War, Cost of the. C. A. Conant .... Century Conservation. E. T. Allen World's Work Constantinople. Robert Hichens Century Cost of Living, Conquering the. H.W.Lanier World's Work Dayton Flood, The. Jennie Parsons McClure Defoe, Daniel. Edith Wyatt North American Drama, Relation of, to Literature. D. C. Stuart No. Amer. Eugenics and Militarism. V. L. Kellogg . . . Atlantic Fourth, The Child and the. Mrs. I. L. Rice . . Forum Freedom, The New—VII. Woodrow Wilson World's Work Gambling and the Stock Exchange. Thomas W. Lawson Everybody's Garden Beasts, My. Lucy E. Keeler .... Atlantic Germany: A Model or a Warning? Samuel P. Orth World's Work Gettysburg. Edgar Allen Forbes American Gold and Prices. A. S. Bolles .... North American Government, Experiments in — I. Elihu Root . No. Amer. Grand Canyon, The. Ellsworth and Emory Kolb American Great Salt Lake, The. Louise R. Bascom . . . Harper Grub Street Problem, The—V. Algernon Tassin Bookman Happiness, Philosophy of. Mrs. Havelock Ellis . Forum Health Exhibits. J. W. Harrington . . . World's Work Henry, O., Pictures of. Arthur W. Page . . . Bookman Industry, Governmental Regulation of. J. Russell Smith Everybody's Inventors, Nine Patriotic. Franklin Fisher World's Work Jaffa, A Pilgrim Boat for. Stephen Graham . . Harper Japanese, The, on Our Farms. K. E. Kawakami . Forum Japanese-American Relations. Edwin Maxey . . Forum Jewelry Business, The Fifth Avenne. Arthur Howard McClure Light, Cold. Francois Dnssaud Harper Living, Intensive. Cornelia A. P. Comer . . . Atlantic "Loeb Classical Library." Henry D. Sedgwick . Atlantic Luther, Early Pictures of. Preserved Smith . . Scribner Millet's Return to His Old Home. T. H. Bartlett Century Mohammedan Holidays. H. G. Dwight .... Scribner Money Trust, Hunt for a. Ida M. Tarbell . . American Montessori Movement, The. Ellen Y. Stevens . McClure Morgan, Mr., Personality of. Joseph B. Gilder Century Morris, William, Works of. Edward Fuller . . Bookman Motherhood, Education for — I. Ellen Key . . Atlantic Novelists, The Younger. Mrs. W. L. Courtney No. Amer. Panama Canal — What It Will Accomplish. E. R. Johnson Scribner Panama Canal, Defense of. H. L. Stimson . . . Scribner Panama Canal in Construction. Earle Harrison . Scribner Panama-Pacific International Exposition of 1915. Elmer Grey Scribner Panama's Bridge of Water. J. B. Bishop . . . Scribner Pepys at Church. George Hodges Atlantic Primary, Failure of the. J. D. Miller Forum Pryce, Richard. Felix T. Carney Bookman Railroad Accidents. Samuel O. Dunn .... Atlantic Religion. William M. Gamble Atlantic Remington, Frederic, Recollections of. Augustus Thomas Century Revolutions. Paxton Hibben North American Rights, Vested. C. F. Dos Passos . . . North American "Roundheads, Angel of the." G. L. Price World's Work 1913] 29 THE DIAJL San Sebastian: A Spanish-Watering Place. Harrison Rhodes Harper Scott, Captain, Diary of—I Everybody's Shubert, Lee. Julian Johnson American Spinster, The American. Agnes Repplier . . . Century Stephens, Alexander H. Gamaliel Bradford, Jr. Atlantic Strikes, A Substitute for. Inis Weed . . . Everybody's Titicaca and Bolivia. Ernest Peizotto .... Scribner Tuberculosis, Truth about. E. A. Forbes . World's Work United States, Government of. A. W. Page World's Work Wage-Earner, American, Hope of. W. J. Lauck No. Amer. War, Interlocking Directorates of. D. S. Jordan World's Work List of New Books. [The following list, containing 5S titles, includes books received bg Thk Dial since its last issue.] BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES. Jane A oaten i Her Life and Letters, a Family Rec- ord. By William Austen-Leigh and Richard Arthur Austen-Leigh. With photogravure por- trait, 8vo, 437 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. S3, net. Ellen Keyi Her Life and Her Work. By Louise Nystrbm-Hamilton; translated from the Swedish by Anna E. B. 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New York: Survey Associates, Inc. $1.50 net. The Autobiography of a Working Woman. By Adelheld Popp; translated by E. C. Harvey, with Introductions by Jenkln Lloyd Jones, August Bebel, and J. Ramsay Macdonald. With portrait, 12mo, 136 pages. F. G. Browne & Co. $1.25 net. Between Eras from Capitalism to Democracy. By Albion W. Small. Large 8vo, 431 pages. Kansas City: Inter-Collegiate Press. My Adventures with Your Money. By George Gra- ham Rice. 12mo, 363 pages. Richard G. Badger. $1.50 net. Rights of Cltlsenshlpi A Survey of Safeguards for the People. By William R. Anson, M.P., and Others, with Preface by the Marquess of Lans- downe, K.G. 12mo, 242 pages. Frederick Warne & Co. 50 cts. net, Michael Ryan, Capitalisti A Story of Labor. By F. F. D. Albery. 12mo, 163 pages. Columbus: Rowfant Press and Bindery. PHILOSOPHY. The World SouL By H. Fielding-Hall. 8vo, S12 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $2.75 net. The Philosophy of the Present in Germany. By Os- wald Kiilpe; translated from the German by M. L and G. T. W. Patrick. 12mo, 266 pages. Macmlllan Co. $1. net SCIENCE. Popular Botanyt The Living Plant from Seed to Fruit. By A. E. Knight and Edward Step. In 2 volumes; illustrated In color, etc., large 8vo. Henry Holt & Co. $5. net 30 [July 1 THE DIAL Twenty-Eighth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1906-1907. Illustrated, 4to, 308 pages. Washington: Government Print- ing Office. * EDUCATION. The Original Nature of Man. By Edward L. Thorn- dike. 8vo, 327 pages. "Educational Psychology." New York: Teachers College, Columbia Univer- sity. $2.50 net. Ancient History. By Hutton Webster, Ph.D. Illus- trated, 8vo, 665 pages. D. C. Heath & Co. $1.60 net. The Idea of the Industrial School. By Qeorg Ker- schenstelner; translated from the German by Rudolph Pintner, Ph. D. 12mo, 110 pages. Mac- millan Co. 50 cts. net. La Petite Vllle. 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Descriptive Account of the Collection of Chinese, Tibetan, Mongol, nnd Japanese Books in the Newberry Library. By Berthold Laufer, Ph.D. Illustrated, 12 mo, 42 pages. Chicago: New- berry Library. Paper. Kansas Voters' Manual. By Mary E. Dobbs. 12mo, 47 pages. Wichita: Published by the author. 15 cts. net. RARE BOOKS We can supply the rare books and prints yon want. Let us send you 150 classified catalogues. When in Europe call and see us in Munich. Over a million books and prints in stock. ENQUIRIES SOLICITED. The Ludwig Rosenthal Antiquarian Book-Store Hlldtgardstr. 14, Lenbachplatz 6, Munich, Germany Founded 1859 Cables: Ludkos. Munich f ( BOUND TO WEAR 11 This is no idle statement. Holliston Library Buckram is made especially for rebinding Library Books. It will cut in two your binding expense because it will double the life of your book. SEND FOR FREE SAMPLES THE HOLLISTON MILLS, NORWOOD, MASS. 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All com- munications should be addressed to THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. Entered as Second-Class Hatter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3,1879; Nc. 660. JULY 16, 1913. Vol. LV. Contents. PAOB EXPLAINING AMERICA 37 CASUAL COMMENT 39 A valuable collection of East-Asiatic literature.— The return of the wood-engraving.—The animal dis- cussion of library problems.—Post-commencement contemplations. — Formidable fiction. — Disguised book-titles. — Literature and social service. — The new Laureate.—The art of enticing the reader to the public library.—The amateur element in great art.— Hoosier readers and what they read. — Professor Woodberry's Phi Beta Kappa Poem. — Of interest to bibliographers. JOHN BIGELOW IN HIS PRIME. Percy F. Bickndl 43 THE VARIORUM ".JULIUS CESAR." Samuel A. Tannenbaum 45 JAPANESE COLOR-PRINTS. Arthur Davison Ficke 48 GEORGE ELIOT'S INNER LIFE. George Boy Elliott 50 THE PITH OF THE CLASSICS. Charles Leonard Moore 62 BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 53 Twilight stretches in Greek religion.—The workings of European governments. — The art treasures of Hertford House.—The story of a working woman.— Sight-seeing in Central America. — The making of our Constitution. — Memoirs of a famous English radical. — Earnest essays on serious themes. — Ad- dresses of an English statesman and diplomat.— New treatments of Goethe. — The study of a great American industry. BRIEFER MENTION 57 NOTES 58 LIST OF NEW BOOKS 59 EXPLAINING AMERICA. This huge democracy of ours requires a good deal of explaining to the European intelligence. We do much of the explaining ourselves, through our representatives in the diplomatic service, who rightly regard this as one of their official functions, and the fact that the higher posts in that service are so frequently filled by our leading men of letters tends to make the explanation effective. Mr. Lowell, for exam- ple, never did his nation a finer service than that of delivering his address on "Democracy" to an English audience at the time of his tenure of diplomatic office. Such services as his are as effective as arbitration treaties or other formal agencies for the promotion of interna- tional good will. And he had an illustrious line of predecessors in well-doing, all the way down from the time when Franklin and Jeffer- son brought visible embodiment of the ideals of the coming age to the court in which the ideals of an aristocratic society based upon privilege were entering upon the inevitable process of dissolution. Of recent years, we have been sending special intellectual envoys to Europe, charged with the special duty of national inter- pretation—lecturers to the Sorbonne, and ex- change professors to Berlin and other capitals. It is all to the good, for the better two nations come to understand one another, the less the chances of friction between them. Tout com- prendre, e'est tout pardonner, and a better understanding of us might soften even the asperities of "The Saturday Review" when American affairs engage its attention. But busily as we are engaged in explaining ourselves, our foreign critics, amateur and professional, are still more busily engaged in explaining us to their own fellow-countrymen. We owe much to the professional expositors, of whom Tocqueville, Ostrogorski, and Mr. Bryce offer typically conspicuous examples, and not a little to the amateurs, even if they are carica- turists like Dickens, or supercilious observers like Arnold. The work done by Mr. John Graham Brooks when he prepared "As Others See Us" for "The Chautauquan" a few years ago, collating the opinions expressed by many foreign observers during several generations, 38 [July 16 THE DIAL was very instructive, and profitable both for admonition and for the cultivation of our sober self-esteem. Even the tirades of Mrs. Trollope and Dickens have their value for reproof, or the anguished outpourings of M. de Bacourt, sent for bis sins by an unfeeling French government to dwell among us for a few months in 1840-2. This sensitive soul, who relieved his feelings by the outburst: "My God! what have I done to be obliged to live amongst such people?" and who departed for home exclaiming: "I shall thank Heaven when I feel that I have placed the ocean between me and this dreary abode," is in striking contrast to the latest of our foreign commentators, the Frenchman to whose recently published "Les Etats Unis d'Amerique" we now wish to call attention. The author of this book, Baron d'Estournelles de Constant, has the best of excuses for writing about the United States. He has visited us upon four occasions since 1902, and travelled extensively throughout the country. He has studied our life and our institutions under the most favorable conditions, and collected a great mass of observations, which he has interpreted with sympathy and discriminating judgment. His new book offers a happy combination of impressions de voyage and philosophical reflec- tions. It is not a formal treatise in the manner of Mr. Bryce's " American Commonwealth," but a discursive narrative which is everywhere enter- taining, but which is by no means superficial. It is sprinkled with rhetorical exclamation points, treats our foibles with gentle satire, is outspoken about our mistakes of national policy, and deeply impressed by our material achievements. Even where it is severe in its strictures, it makes us feel that the author is dealing the faithful wounds of a friend, and tells the harsh truth in a way best calculated to spare our susceptibilities. It is as amiable as the journal of a six weeks' tourist, but has the substance and the penetra- tive insight that such a journal usually lacks. Now and then it is amusingly naive, as when it expresses the author's astonishment at the sight of a young man under the manipulations of a manicure in a hotel barber-shop. The young man, it seems, while one hand is being treated as if it were a hand of wax, is using the other to hold an open newspaper, which he calmly reads while cet ange penche vers lui, sa main dans ses mains. This matter-of-fact way of dealing with a sentimental situation in which a Frenchman would ogle the fair ministrant, leads to an "explanatien" of the American character that need not be taken too seriously. "In the United States sensuality is reduced to a minimum; it is set aside; people have no time to think of it to begin with, then it is felt to be a danger in a new country; thus co- education has become possible; young girls may dare anything; they finally externalize themselves, devoting to useful works, to society, and to athletics a share of the impulses which nature awakens in them; then these impulses become rarer and less imperious. I do not know whether to call it a virtue or good fortune, but it is a fact which plays an important part in the life of the United States, and must be taken largely into account." Truly, on pent etre trop philosophe. On the whole, our author avoids rash generalizations, saying: Quiconque id generalise est un naif et un ignorant, and understanding that there can be few underlying principles of unity in a civilization so diversified and conglomerate. M. d'Estournelles has the occasional lapses from accuracy that no Frenchman seems quite able to escape. He tells us of his friend, Jennings William Bryan, of the eminent divine Phillips Brook, and of President Judge of the University of Chicago, of the douglas-fir-tries of Washington, and of le coktaU insidieux. He repeatedly speaks of the forty-nine states, and falls into other trifling errors from time to time. Generally speaking, however, his infor- mation is trustworthy, and the apercus and judgments which he bases upon it reveal an orderly mind dominated by logic rather than by sentiment or prepossession. An idealist himself, he is prompt to recognize the idealistic push which is back of the gropings of our national spirit, and our fundamental purpose to deal justly with the perplexing problems offered us by education, politics, religion, the suffrage, and the Indian and negro elements of our population. These problems, and many others, he discusses always intelligently and often acutely. And he shows himself at every point the enemy of war- fare and the uncompromising advocate of the policies that make for peace among the nations and good will among men. It is where this sacred principle is endangered that we find his strictures most severe, and his condemnation most outspoken. He does not mince matters in declaring the folly of our tariff wall, of our inflated armaments, and of our monstrous expen- diture for pensions. He sees clearly how foolish and how utterly unreconcilable with our prin- ciples are our recent experiments in colonialism, and points out the dangers of a continued refusal to "let the island men go free." On the other 1913] 39 THE DIAJL hand, he makes good-natured fun of the alarm- ists who see us plunged into war, now with Mexico, now with Japan, and has full confi- dence that our fundamental good sense will safeguard us against such horrors. On the subject of Panama, he is distinctly on the side of wisdom and justice, as his summing up of the subject will indicate: "Thus, from violation to violation, from the question- able seizure of a territorial zone to the fortification of the canal, from fortification to differential tolls, and Anally from differential tolls to the refusal of arbitra- tion — these are, within a few years, the temptations to which the United States government has yielded, since it has found itself the absolute master of the inter- national waterway." Truly, a rake's progress, succinctly stated. It is for such clear-headed and dispassionate judg- ments as these that we should owe our deepest debt of gratitude to M. d'Estournelles and to the pleasant book in which he has explained us to the foreigner. CASUAL COMMENT. A VALUABLE COLLECTION OF EA8T-A8IATIC literature has been acquired by the Newberry Library, with the expert assistance of Dr. Bertbold Laufer, who has now prepared a careful "De- scriptive Account" of these examples of Chinese, Tibetan, Mongol, and Japanese books and manu- scripts. The well-printed and beautifully-illustrated pamphlet is issued as No. 4 of the Newberry Library Publications; and though its author modestly calls it a "brief sketch," it runs to forty-two pages and is packed with information of interest to Orientalists, and is not uninteresting to others. Six years ago Dr. Laufer was commissioned by the Newberry Library to obtain a representative collection of East-Asiatic works on subjects in which that library specializes, — religion, philosophy, history, belles- lettres, philology, and art. At the same time he collected for the John Crerar Library Oriental works on geography, law and administration, trade, industries, national economy, sociology, agriculture, mathematics, medicine, and the natural sciences. The two collections together form a notable Oriental library; but it is to the Newberry collection alone that Dr. Laufer's pamphlet refers; and for that col- lection he obtained 1216 works in 21,403 volumes, which he considers truly representative of the liter- atures named. There are 143 works in Japanese, 310 in Tibetan, 72 Mongol, 60 Manchu; the others are in Chinese, "which is the most extensive and important literature of the East, and the one from which the light of the others radiates." Also, "there are eighteen manuscripts, all unpublished and deserving of publication." Facsimiles of wood- engraving and text are interspersed in the descrip- tion, from which we quote, in closing, a brief passage of general interest "Fiction is considered by Chinese scholars an inferior branch of litera- ture, and is not grouped with literature proper. It covers a wide field, nevertheless, and is immensely popular. . . . Poetry, however, has always been viewed as one of the liberal arts and elegant pas- times of a gentleman, and the Chinese have cul- tivated it to an extraordinary extent. Its study is valuable to us for its high aesthetic merits, but at a future date it will surely fulfil a still greater mis- sion and furnish the fundamental material for the most difficult of all subjects connected with China— the psychology of the Chinese." The return of the wood-engraving, after its long banishment at the hands of the cheaper and for some uses more effective process print, may perhaps be looked for in the near future, if certain present indications in book-illustration are not mis- leading. Few though the wood-engravers be who are now practicing their art, we have in this country at least one eminently distinguished exponent of xylography who is still delighting the connoisseurs with his handiwork. We refer, of course, to Mr. Timothy Cole, known to all readers of "The Century Magazine." Word comes from London that Messrs. Macmillan & Co. are favoring more and more the old style of illustration in their books of travel and description, in preference to the facile and abundant photo-engraving. The beautiful bits of scenery and architecture executed by Mr. Joseph Pennell's skilful hand show us, even though they are not reproduced by engraving on wood, how much more artistically pleasing and poetically suggestive a pen- cil sketch or a pen-and-ink drawing can be than a picture that is the product of the soulless camera. There is a tidal wave, or, to change the figure, a pendulum-swing, in all fashions, sartorial, literary, and other, including the mode of graphic illustra- tion for books and periodicals; and as the hand- made picture has now been out of vogue for nearly a generation — all illustrating having become more or less dependent on mechanical processes — its revival might, on general principles, be predicted in the not very distant future. Not the once too familiar caricatures of wood-engraving art do we hope to see revived, but such examples as were for- merly furnished by Linton, Roberts, and Gardner, in England, and by Lepere, Baude, and Jonnard, in France, not to mention American engravers, who have probably done more than any others to perfect the art. The continued existence and activity of the International Society of Wood Engravers give hope of some such renaissance as is here indicated. The annual discussion of library problems which has recently occupied the attention of our librarians in conference assembled impresses the observer with the library's increasing closeness of relationship to the varied interests and activities of modern life. So eager, in fact, has the librarian 40 [July 16 THE DIAL become to enlarge and strengthen this relationship by every conceivable legitimate device, that Mr. Legler, in his presidential address, felt called upon to admonish his hearers against letting the methods of the moment encroach upon the library's larger general usefulness. The importance now attached to efficiency and specialization does indeed threaten to overshadow the vital human element, and to make us forget that even the most wonderfully efficient machine is an absolutely soulless, heartless, lifeless piece of mechanism. Hence it is well that the broadly human factor in library work received timely emphasis in the speeches and debates at Kaaterskill. Among minor matters pressing for attention were the probable future effect of the commission form of municipal government upon 'public-library administration; the ever-present prob- lem of book-selection, more particularly of novel- selection; the helpfulness or harmfulness of novels in the solution of social and economic problems; the amount of attention that the public library, especially the large library, should give to the special needs of scholars; the question of granting librarians sufficient leisure for both the reading and the recu- peration that are necessary if the daily grind is not speedily to result in lessened efficiency; and (this from the delegate of the British Library Association) the detrimental effect of an excessive employment of women in library work, not by reason of any inferiority in such service, but because the salaries offered to young girls and women are so low as to tend to diminish the remuneration of men also, and to cause hardship in an already underpaid profession. On the whole, the attendance at this thirty-fifth annual conference, the addresses and discussions, the interest shown, and the whole atmosphere of the con- vention, give encouraging evidence of the growing importance and usefulness of the public library, which, as an appreciable factor in promoting the public good, is not yet much more than half a cen- tury old, and which in its modern development we are justified in proudly regarding as preeminently an American institution. • • • Post-commencement contemplations may not yet be out of order, though the last diploma of the season has now been tenderly laid away by the proud recipient, or sent to the picture-dealer to be framed. From the educationally somewhat backward South there comes a cheering note in the form of an editorial utterance in the Hattiesburg "News." (Hattiesburg is in Mississippi, and has a population of somewhat less than twelve thousand.) The edi- torial, which needs no approving comment from us, is in the following strain: "A good deal has been written and said against Latin and Greek in the public schools and in favor of corn and tomatoes. We have not the slightest objection to corn and tomatoes as side lines, but in school days the boy or girl whose attention is not given to books is cheated. Hog and hominy is poor diet to feed the mind on. Those who value education purely for the money there is in it or the money that may be gotten out of it, do not know how to value its true value at all. Education, 'book education,' broadens the mind, gives culture to the man, wakens ambition, inspires to higher ideals, and prepares the man for com- panionship with books and authors. Agriculture has been an honorable calling through all the ages, and the greatest men Mississippi has produced have come from the farm; but they were not great because they came from the farm, but because they educated their minds and learned from books things they could not learn on the farm. There is no more inviting field of endeavor than may be found on the farm. There is no living so sure, no life so inde- pendent as the farm life. But the boy on the farm who is denied the advantages of that higher and broader education which comes from books is badly cheated, though he may become the biggest hog and hominy grower in Mississippi." No sign of surrender there to the modern craze for vocational education. . . . Formidable fiction, under which head most present-day readers would include the voluminous productions of Richardson, if not also those of Smollett, and such morally improving tales as the benevolent Thomas Day and the excellent Miss Aguilar knew so well how to write, gives occasion to Mr. Bryce (in his "University and Historical Addresses," noticed more at length in another col- umn) to indulge in some interesting reminiscences of his own earlier readings. "I can just recall an austere time," he says, " more than sixty years ago, when in Britain not a few moralists and educators were disposed to ban novel-reading altogether to young people and to treat it even among their elders as an indulgence almost as dangerous as the use of cards, dice, and tobacco. Exceptions, however, were made even by the sternest of these authorities. I recollect that one of them gave his imprimatur to two stories by an estimable Scottish authoress — now long forgotten—named Miss Brunton. These tales were entitled 'Discipline' and 'Self-Control,' and a perusal of them was well fitted to discourage the young reader from indulging any further his taste for imaginative literature. Permitted fiction being scanty, I did attack 'Self-Control,' and just got through it, but 'Discipline' was too much for me." His further remarks show that this harsh experience did not by any means kill Mr. Bryce's taste for imaginative literature; "but," he laments, "we have no Dickens, no Thackeray, no Hawthorne, no George Eliot" . . . Disguised book-titles will always furnish book- sellers and librarians with amusing puzzles to fill their unoccupied half-hours, if they have any, and to diversify the daily routine. A small boy rushed, breathless, into a certain public library the other day, and thus delivered himself at the loan desk: "Mother says, please, to send her Browning's pair o' scissors!" Of course it did not take long for the well-informed attendant to translate this into a re- 1913] 41 THE DIAL quest for " Paracelsus." Somewhat more perplexing was the demand that came from a young lady who wished to read "Pretty Rita," which she thought was a recent novel, but could not remember the author. Attempts were made to satisfy her with "Pretty Polly," by Clark Russell, and with "Pretty Michal," by Jokai; but she insisted that the heroine's name was Rita, and refused all substitutes. At last the patient attendant had a happy thought. "Was the author's name Ruskin?" she asked. Yes, that was it; and in a moment "Prseterita" (which if improperly accented becomes something like " Pretty Rita ") was produced, but, not seeming to have much flavor of romance about it, was speedily rejected by the hard-to-wait-upon young lady, who finally com- promised by taking "Gretchen," by the novelist popularly known as "Rita." A writer in the Lon- don "Book Monthly" enlivens the pages of that interesting periodical with some examples of dis- torted titles that have caused a few smiles and chuckles in the library world. "Ingoldsby Legends," went masquerading as "England's by-legends," "The Insanity of Genius" horrified the desk- attendant as "The Insanity of Jesus," and a treatise on conic sections became a book of " comic selec- tions"—than which the freak of humorous distortion could no further go. Literatuke and social service were phvced in aspects of inter-relationship at a late meeting of the Bay Path Library Club, a central Massachusetts organization, before which Mr. Frederic Kenyon Brown (better known as "Al Priddy," author of "Through the Mill," "Through the School," and "Man or Machine") spoke on "The Human In- terest Factors in the Massachusetts Industrial Situ- ation." Mr. Brown, his readers will be interested in learning, is now pastor of a church at Southwick, a position contrasting sharply with that in which his first book presents him to view. Following him as speaker came Dr. Louis N. Wilson, librarian at Clark University; and then there was some instruc- tive book-talk, especially concerning reading matter adapted to the needs of mechanics and that appeal- ing to agricultural workers. These themes occupied the attention of the morning session, and were fol- lowed in the afternoon by a consideration of " The Library and School as Mutual Helpers," with Mr. George Rugg, principal of the Quinsigamond School at Worcester, as leading speaker. It is such meet- ings as this, which was held in the Leicester Public Library, that help librarians and others to realize that a library's proper work is not confined to the mere custody and classification and circulation of books. • • • The new Laureate, Dr. Robert Bridges, is not one of those generally named by the wise prophets who thought themselves able to reduce the list of likely candidates to four, or three, or perhaps two, or even one. But his being a "dark horse" is by no means in his disfavor; and the fact that he has courted the Muse in a modest, unostentatious man- ner, as a relief and recreation after the exacting demands of medical practice, inclines one to think well of him and to hope for good things from his pen in the future. Born October 23,1844, he assumes the laureateship at a mature age, as did his immediate predecessor. An Etonian and Oxonian, he studied medicine at St. Bartholomew's, London, and was afterward connected with a number of hospitals, but retired in 1882 to the more congenial atmos- phere of his library and study, where he wrote a succession of plays, poems, and essays, some of which were privately printed, and others publicly offered to the world; but no book of his, so far as we know, has ever joined the clamorous company of best-sellers. The names of a few of his works will serve as some indication of their quality and partly explain their exemption from a perhaps unde- sired popularity. Essays on Milton's prosody and Keats's poetry early came from his pen, as also a number of short poems; and among his plays we note such classical titles as "Nero," in two parts, "Ulysses," "Achilles in Scyros," "The Feast of Bacchus," and "Demeter: a Masque." The Yat- tendon Hymnal" also appears in the list of his pro- ductions, indicating in him a turn for sacred poetry. Commended by the critics for his refinement, deli- cacy, restraint, purity, and other merits, he gives promise of adorning the position to which a discern- ing government has appointed him. The art op enticing the reader to the public library is now as sedulously studied and practiced as was formerly the art of repelling him and of keeping the books intact, each in its sacredly fixed location on the shelf. From a letter of invi- tation sent out by the librarian of the Valparaiso (Indiana) Public Library to suburban citizens, and printed in the current Report of the Indiana Public Library Commission, we quote the concluding para- graph. "When you are in town, drop in at the library; you will find it a comfortable place in which to spend a pleasant hour. Perhaps you may have some suggestions to offer. I shall be very glad to hear them and will give them careful considera- tion. If you do not have time to come to the library, let us know your wants through the teachers or your boys and girls—any way that will help us to give you the best possible service, for that is what we are striving to do. Yours for a successful library year, Bertha Joel, Librarian." In order to meet the reluctant or over-occupied library patron half-way, and even three-quarters or four-fifths way, the estab- lishment of branches and deposit stations is going on all over Indiana, as in many other parts of the country. "Sometimes the district school-house is the branch library building, and the teacher or some older pupil is branch librarian. Sometimes the books are placed with a family, and a private residence becomes a branch library with a mother or daughter 42 [July 16 THE DIAL as branch librarian. Churches, country stores, and post-offices are all used in some parts of the State as library centres, and in this way the public library is brought to the very doors of the country people." The amateur element in great art, the fresh enthusiasm, the delight in execution, the tendency even of zeal to outstrip knowledge—this has been remarked often enough, and is emphasized again by Mr. Arnold Bennett in his essay on "Writing Novels," which occupies the leading place among the articles printed in the June "English Review." After telling us that " the novelist is he who, having seen life, and being so excited by it that he absolutely must transmit the vision to others, chooses narrative fiction as the liveliest vehicle for the relief of his feelings," and that "he differs from most artists in this — that what most chiefly strikes him is the indefinable humanness of human nature, the large general manner of existing," Mr. Bennett continues his discourse on the novelist's attributes and char- acteristics, and says among other things: "I begin to think that great writers of fiction are by the mys- terious nature of their art ordained to be 'amateurs.' There may be something of the amateur in all great artists. I do not know why it should be so, unless because, in the exuberance of their sense of power, they are impatient of the exactitudes of systematic study and the mere bother of repeated attempts to arrive at a minor perfection. Assuredly no great artist was ever a profound scholar. The great artist has other ends to achieve." Of course it would not be very difficult to name a few erudite artists, but their erudition has always been subordinate to their art; and the great artist, literary or other, if he is to be splendidly productive, must be the amateur, the "lover," of his self-imposed task. This whole subject, however, has already been skilfully treated by Mr. Bliss Perry in his essay on "The Amateur Spirit." . . . HOOSIER READERS AND WHAT THEY READ are told about, with other interesting information, in the "Seventh Biennial Report of the Public Library Commission of Indiana." The progress of the library movement in that State is graphically pre- sented by means of diagrams and a map, and two new Carnegie buildings are pictured in full-page illustrations. Indiana now has one hundred and forty-five public libraries, of which twenty have come into being since the issue of the last Report; but eleven of her ninety-two counties still appear on the Commission's map in black, to denote their benighted condition in respect to libraries. One hundred and six public library buildings, seventeen of them com- pleted or begun in the last two years, and sixteen presented by Mr. Carnegie, are now scattered over the State. Especially interesting is the account given of libraries in State institutions, whence it appears that in no other libraries can a little money and a little expert assistance be made to contribute so greatly to the benefit of the readers. At the bottom of a diagrammatic presentation of this truth it is asserted that "with the same number of volumes, one-third the income, and fourteen per cent, of the population, the Indiana Reformatory library circu- lates five times as many books as a good public library." Lack of funds for maintenance, and the want of trained librarians, are the chief causes of the present failure of institutional libraries to attain the highest degree of usefulness. • ■ • Professor Woodberry's Phi Beta Kappa Poem formed not the least memorable feature of the late Harvard commencement. It was a noble tribute to the memory of Charles Eliot Norton, whose death occurred nearly five years ago. The poem, "In Memoriam: Charles Eliot Norton," is now published under the poet's copyright, which we venture to violate to the extent of a brief quotation finely descriptive of Professor Norton's refinement and grace of manner. After some personal remi- niscence, in which he refers to himself as Norton's "firstling charge, boy-leader of the host of those who followed in the after-time," the writer thus, in part, depicts the proprietor of Shady Hill: "A grave demeanor masked his solitude, Like the dark pines of his seignorial wood; But there within was hid how warm a hearth Hospitable, and bright with children's mirth. How many thence recall his social grace, The genial welcome beaming from his face, The shy embarrassment of his good-will Chafing against the forms that held it still; Or, in more private hours, the high discourse, With soft persuasion veiling moral force; The reticent mouth, the sweet reserved style; Something unsaid still lingered in his smile; For more he felt than ever he expressed, Then silent most when in his conscious breast Most intimate with some long-cherished gueBt." ■ • a Of interest to bibliographers are the various bibliographic lists, reports, announcements, news items, and other kindred matter in the current issue (No. 3-4 of Vol. 4) of » The Bulletin of the Bibli- ographical Society of America." Especially to be noted are the list of Brooklyn publications in the years 1799-1820, and that of current American bibliographical publications. Also noteworthy is the announcement of Mr. William Abbatt's purpose to issue, as a monthly supplement to his magazine of history, a periodical to be entitled "The Interna- tional Notes and Queries," and to be edited by Mr. Eugene F. McPike, 135 Park Row, Chicago. It will be obtainable separately, if desired, at $2.25 a year, subscriptions to be sent to Mr. Abbatt, 410 E. 32d St., New York. Interchange of useful in- formation will be the purpose of the new periodical, and it hopes to facilitate intercommunication be- tween reference librarians and others engaged in research. The London publication of similar name and character is said to have more than eleven hun- dred constant contributors, and the projectors of the new journal look for a like support. 1913] 43 THE DIAL John Bigelow in his Prime.* Plutarch tells us of Pericles that, "following the dictates of enthusiasm and absorbed in sublime inquiries," he became engrossed in questions of public concern and gave to his paternal estate and private money matters only such attention as sufficed to insure him against pecuniary embarrassments, and brought the management of his property " into such a method as was very easy at the same time that it was exact." In much the same way the late John Bigelow, after he had reached the prime of his powers, refused to be further troubled with the question of money-getting, but, having already acquired a modest competence, gave his time and thought to matters of larger interest and served his country and his generation with works better suited to his tastes and more worthy of his energies than any pursuit of private fortune. In the fourth and fifth volumes of his "Retro- spections of an Active Life," issued under the editorship of his son, Major John Bigelow, we have a near view of the famous diplomat and publicist, scholar, writer, and reformer, in the full maturity of his varied powers, and showing himself most genially in the mellowness of his sixth and seventh decades. As in the earlier vol- umes, diaries and correspondence are copiously drawn upon, with such insertion of narrative and comment as is necessary to round out the story. Among the noteworthy contents of the two rich volumes, mention may be made of Mr. Bigelow's discovery and purchase of the original manuscript of the Franklin autobiography, his brief editorship of the New York "Times," his memories of Dickens, Oliver Wendell Holmes, PereHyacinthe, Horace Greeley, and many other celebrities of his time, his visits to Europe and comments on current European events, including the Franco-German War and the fall of Napoleon III., and his public services at home in various capacities. The period covered by the two volumes extends from 1867 to 1879, leaving the last thirty-two years of Mr. Bigelow's life to have their story told in the letters, diaries, and other literary remains that are still unedited, but, as the editor says, "may be utilized in the preparation of future publications." For the first time the whole history of the •Retrospections of an Active Lifk. By John Bigelow. Vol.IV., 1867-1871. VoluraeV., 1872-1879. Illustrated. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co. finding and purchase of the Franklin auto- biography, and of a series of his letters and the original Duplessis portrait, is given to the public, in minute and often amusing detail, in the early pages of Mr. Bigelow's fourth volume. The price he paid for the treasure was twenty- five thousand francs, the owners, Georges and Paul de Senarmont, being not at all eager to part with these interesting relics. To the friendly offices of William H. Huntington, at that time Paris correspondent of the New York " Tribune," the American purchaser was considerably in- debted for the successful transaction of the business. Letters between the buyer and his agent show the latter to have been a wit and humorist, and also reveal Mr. Bigelow himself in the rather unfamiliar role of an indulger in pleasantries. Huntington describes with much playfulness his first call on Georges deSenarmont, and the "gentle domestic aperient" by whom his passage through ante-room to reception- room was "lubricated" and he was eased of his card and letter of introduction "in the most soothing manner." To this letter the reply, written in London, was in part as follows: "Your promptness and zeal in the execution of my commission are appreciated. I congratulate you upon the pleasant passage which Mr. de Senarmont's domestic aperient secured you though I may be called upon to indemnify two of my English friends for a set of buttons snapped off from their waistcoats through laughing at the incident in yr note which described that particular stage of your good fortune. ... I do not suppose I should ever get my money back, and yet I feel that I should derive some satisfaction from being the actual proprietor of old Benny's story of his life. ... I pro- pose to commit myself to the oceano dissociabUi, as your friend Mr. Flaccus terms the waste of waters between Liverpool and Yankeedom, on the 30th inst. . . . What- ever you decide to do or to leave undone will be sure of the approval of your humble servant." The " Franklinicnacs," as Huntington jocosely and a trifle contemptuously called the valuable objects of his friend's quest, were promptly secured by him and sent to London, where they arrived just in time to be carried off in glad triumph to America by the returning traveller and retired minister. This was at the end of January, 1867. Ten months later occurred an "Atlantic" dinner in Boston, at which Mr. Bigelow sat as guest in the distinguished com- pany of Emerson, Lowell, Norton, Whipple, Longfellow, the two R. H. Danas, father and son, James T. Fields, Dr. Holmes, Dickens, and others. Longfellow presided, in the absence of Agassiz, who was president of the club; and a part of the description of the animated proceed- ings that attended the eating and drinking will here be in place. 44 [July 16 THE DIAL "Holmes spoke with great emotion of the persistent attacks of the Nation upon The Guardian Angel, begin- ning with the first number. Had the writer awaited the completion of the work, he said, he would not have minded it; but his conduct, Holmes said, could only be compared to the brutality of kicking a woman with child every week, in the belly. He thinks the writer to be a foreigner who has an idea that he may show his smart- ness to advantage at the Doctor's expense. I told him I feared he attached too much importance to the criti- cisms of books, which were read by very few persons after all. He thought he had gotten over it, but I saw he had not. "Dickens was asked by Holmes if he had ever had his head examined by a phrenologist. 'Oh, yes,' he said, 'frequently '; and he said he had faith in the science, if only for the prominence of the bump of order in his head. 'For,' said he,'I never can set myself down to work till I have been all over my house and seen every- thing in its place. It is simply impossible for me to write till I have gone through that preliminary. I do it now,' said he, ' every day.'" In the summer and early autumn of 1869 occurred Mr. Bigelow's brief editorship of the New York " Times," which he conducted in such a manner that its proprietors became alarmed lest he "was elevating the standard of the paper too high for New York." Consequently the editorial chair was vacated with cheerful readi- ness by its too idealistic incumbent, who rejoiced to resume his quiet home life and once more dedi- cate the usual number of night hours to sleep. Here is a significant paragraph on this episode: "Because I had been an ardent Republican when the preservation of the Union was the dominating issue of the new party which had taken that name, and during my service abroad had enjoyed the confidence of Mr. Seward and the Republican leaders in Congress, the proprietors of the paper doubtless assumed that I would edit the Times on the political lines on which it had been edited by Mr. Raymond. President Grant himself called upon me to talk about the course of the Times, and appeared to be entirely satisfied with it. I took occasion, however, in the course of our interview to tell him that as the war was over and the dangers of dis- union were disposed of, it seemed to me to be his first duty to ask Congress to repeal the War Tariff for which there was no longer any excuse. His reply surprised me. 'Oh,' said he, 'we can't do anything of that kind.' And he uttered it with so much confidence that I saw any argument with him about it would be wasted. Hav- ing known of Grant only as a military man, and that so far as he had any political principles he had been a Democrat, the promptness with which he rejected any thought of a reduction of the war tariff satisfied me that the protectionists had already been ploughing with the Whig contingent's heifer." Mr. Bigelow's intensity of feeling on the third-term question appears in a letter of his to Whitelaw Reid in the summer of 1875, when the possible continuance of Grant in office for another four years was exciting animated debate. Recent events and certain future possibilities give additional interest to the sentiments so emphatically expressed in the following: "The two-term tradition derives all its force and vigor from the respect entertained in this country for the privi- lege we enjoy of changing our executive at convenient intervals and our hereditary aversion to dynastic au- thority. It means that or it means nothing. Whoever assists in or connives at breaking down that tradition assists in and connives at the transformation of our government from a republic to a monarchy, and that by the terms of the Constitution is treason; and our fathers saw fit to declare that traitors and those who abetted them were worthy of death — not the presidency." More follows in the same strain, only intensified. From the Paris diary of 1877 we take a passage showing Victor Hugo in a characteristic attitude: "When Dom Pedro, the Emperor of Brazil, was here, he sent a message that he would be glad to see Mr. Hugo. Hugo replied that he was much obliged to his Majesty, but that he made no visits. The Emperor sent a mes- senger the second time to know whether, if he called first on V. Hugo, the poet would return his visit. Hugo replied that he could not depart from his rule; that his Majesty the King of Bavaria had done him the honor to visit him, and that he had not returned his visit, and it was therefore only more difficult to make an exception, however agreeable it might be to do so, in the case of his Majesty. The Emperor sent again to know if they could not meet somewhere at Versailles during the session of the Senate of which Hugo was a member. Hugo saw no difficulty about that, and therefore they did meet in one of the committee rooms, and 'had a charming time.'" Permission was graciously accorded by the poet to the potentate to join him at dinner some day in his own house, and there everything seems to have gone pleasantly. When Hugo's son entered and was bidden by his father to "salute his Majesty," the latter replied, "No, there is but one Majesty here, and he sits there "—pointing to his host; all which, says the diarist, was highly satisfactory to everyone concerned. These later volumes have a wealth of interest, and a lightness of touch in narrative and com- ment, that make them even better reading than the earlier ones. Portraits and other illustra- tions are interspersed, and a full index (not faultlessly accurate, which would have been almost too much to expect) to the entire work is appended. The continuation of the " Retro- spections," from Mr. Bigelow's late* diaries and correspondence, is a consummation to be hoped for. pERCT F> BlCKNELL. The "Reminiscences of Augustus Saint-Gaudens," edited and amplified by his son, Mr. Homer Saint- Gaudens, will be issued in the autumn by the Century Co. in two large volumes, with many illustrations showing Saint-Gaudens's work, and persons and places associated with his life and career. 1913] 45 THE DIAL The Variorum "Julius C^sar."* The publication of another volume of the Variorum Shakespeare marks an important step towards the completion of a great and noble undertaking. The amount of work involved in the preparation of such a volume can scarcely be realized by one who has not sometime at- tempted such a task. The careful collation of the four Folios, the comparison of the texts of all the more important editions of this play since the time of Kowe, the thorough study of the poet's originals and of the history of the times of the protagonist of the drama, the investiga- tion of possible sources for material contained in the play, the perusal of the letters of Caesar's contemporaries for light on certain incidents, the critical study of the text itself and of the different interpretations by the poet's numerous editors and commentators, the selection of crit- ical and aesthetic commentaries from the vast mass of French, German, and English com- mentary published during the past two hundred years, the study of other plays dealing with Julius Caesar, the tracing of all sorts of obscure references to their sources, the verification of the editors' comments, etc., — are all so well done and, withal, so modestly that we cannot withold our admiration and gratitude for the present editor. Considering how well the work has been done as a whole, it is a pity to be compelled to pick flaws in it; but we cannot help judging this work by the high standard set for us by the late and universally beloved Dr. Furness, the most genial (in the German as in the English sense of this word), scholarly, and witty editor that ever shed light on the works of Shakespeare. The errors of the present editor, such as they are, can easily be remedied, and then his future work will come very near to that perfection aimed at by his illustrious predecessor. The most important task of the editor of this volume, I take it, was the faithful reproduction of the Folio text, with all its peculiarities of capitalization, punctuation, italicization, line dis- placement, word and letter displacement, type peculiarities, etc. In this task he has failed, owing to careless proof-reading. For the benefit of those who own copies of the work in hand, I append the following list of the more important of these errors. In v. 5. 50, a comma is omitted after "labour'd," and in v. 5. 83, a superfluous * The Tbaoedie or Julius C*sak. By William Shake- speare. Variorum edition. Edited by Horace Howard Furness, Jr. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co. comma is inserted after " onely"; in iv. 2. 31, deceitful should be deceitfull; in iv. 3. 25, bribes should be Bribes; in iv. 3. 31, endure should be indure; in iv. 3. 66, Bru should be Brut; in iv. 3.10, the period after " Palme" should be a comma; in iv. 3. 275, Tet should be Tit; in 1. 290 of the same scene plesaure should be pleasure, and in 1. 309 a comma ought to follow Musicke. The substitution of fight for sight in v. 3. 86 is very bad. In v. 5. 49, eyes is misprinted eyer, and in v. 5. 18 the lozenge-shaped period after "griefe" should be a comma. In ii. 2. 100, we find Straines instead of Staines, and in ii. 4. 5, thy errand instead of my errand; in i. 2. 228, than should be then; a comma should be in- serted after swore (i. 3. 26), after pale (i. 3. 68), and after Ccesar (iii. 1. 287); the period after Confines (iii. 1. 302) should be replaced by a comma; a period should not follow course (i. 2. 10). In i. 3. 93 And is misprinted Are, and in i. 3. 103 walls should be Walls. The reader must be cautioned, however, that some of these " errors" may be peculiarities of Mr. Furness's Folio. My study is based on the Sidney Lee facsimile of the Chatsworth Folio. In my copy of the Folio there is no sign of a hyphen between strange and disposed in i. 3. 35, and in iii. 2.183 I find Nerny, not Neruij. Occasionally the Variorum emphasizes a partic- ular capital letter which is not so emphasized in the original; very often it fails to reproduce the very heavy and clumsy periods of the Folio printer, and in some fifteen or eighteen instances it fails to reproduce the peculiar double-length capital G which elsewhere is reproduced. So, too, the displacements of single letters are not always copied. We would not call attention to these peculiarities were it not the editor's pur- pose to give an exact reproduction of the orig- inal. Other misprints mar the book throughout. On p. vii. of the preface, seeing is misprinted seemg; on p. 151 a verse from "Borneo and Juliet" is ruined by a superfluous comma, etc. How trustworthy a guide the editor is to the texts of his predecessors I can judge only from the way he has dealt with Rolfe's revised edition of this play,— the only one I have taken the trouble to examine. Rolfe is not quoted every time he departs from the generally accepted text, nor are the readings peculiar to his text recorded. In i. 2. 304, both Craik and Rolfe print my for mine, in iii. 1. 288 Rolfe reads hands for hand, in iii. 2. 99 ransom for ran- soms, in v. 4. 5, ofior to (!), in v. 5. 79, ordered for order'd, in i. 2. 280, my for mine, in iv. 1. 46 [July 16 THE DIAL 47, answered for answered, etc., but these are not noted by Mr. Furness. In an edition of this kind it is always a difficult question to determine what to give and what to omit. It is impossible to suit all tastes. The habit of referring to the New English Dic- tionary for the interpretation of obscurities is, of course, a very good one. It brings home to the reader the fact that the understanding of what Shakespeare wrote depends very largely upon a knowledge of the peculiarities of the language of his day, that Elizabethan English is a wholly different thing from modern English, and that the poet's linguistic peculiarities were the peculiarities of his age. But in the present volume this tendency is somewhat overdone. A student of a variorum edition is usually too far advanced to need to be reminded that proof means experience, knot group, griefs grievances, envious malicious, fire enkindle, regard heed, in into, warn summon, etc. These are now commonplaces of Shakespeare study that even undergraduates are supposed to know. If an editor goes in for this sort of thing he ought to define every word not employed in its modern sense. If in the clause "since the quarrel will bear no color for the thing he is" the word "quarrel" is defined, why is not the word "color" defined? So in the sentence "be not jealous on me" on (of) is defined, but jealous (mistrustful) is not! At times the editor de- fines words, e.g. exhalations, that have their modern meaning or very nearly so. A variorum edition is not supposed to supersede the dic- tionary. And if Mr. Furness thinks it neces- sary to mark certain definitions (e.g. quarrel) as obsolete, why does he not give us this infor- mation in other instances, e.g. degree (p. 77)? On the whole there is a tendency to super- fluous defining, paraphrasing, and commenting. No reader of Shakespeare needs be told that "by Caesar and by you" means "beside Caesar and at your hands," or that "in his way that comes," means "in the way of him that comes," etc. So some of the quotations from Appian (e.g. that on p. 167), from Craik (on the word orchard), etc., are not necessary and do not tend to illuminate the poet. To compensate for this it may be mentioned as a great relief not to find in this volume constant references to monosyllables used as dissyllables, trisyllables as quadrisyllables, etc. In only one instance of this kind has the editor sinned. On p. 37, we are referred to Walker for evidence that creature is often pronounced as a trisyllable. Considering that the word is not so pronounced anywhere in this play, why encumber the book with unnecessary information, and that infor- mation of such a trivial sort? So, too, I con- sider it a fault to remind the reader in some half-dozen passages in which where occurs as a contraction for whether of that fact, and to refer him to Abbott or to Walker, especially as the passages in question never leave any doubt as to the fact. The reproduction of the conventional coat-of- arms on the cover of this volume is an absurdity. That coat-of-arms is no more Shakespeare's "coat" than it is that of the King of England. At the cost of about one dollar the publishers could have a cut made of the arms assigned to the poet by the College of Arms in 1596 and carved on his Stratford monument. To depict the Shakespeare coat on the covers would be some sense, but to depict what is there repro- duced is not. Another matter that should have received more attention is the Index. The mass of extremely valuable and interesting informa- tion stored up in this volume is deserving of and calls for a good Index. Dr. Rolfe, for example, is quoted several times in the volume; yet his name does not occur in the Index. The pagi- nation of the Folio ought to have been repro- duced, too, I think. If we turn from what may be called the mechanical aspect of the editorial work to the personal we find much to praise and to admire. The editor's keen commonsense, his scientific mental habit, his shrewdness, his freedom from affectation and mysticism, the extent of his knowledge, and the range of his literary inter- ests, have resulted in a large body of notes which are of the greatest value to the student. His quotations from Ferrero, Cicero, and Plutarch are always suggestive and informing. His eye is keen in the detection of the errors and over- sights of his predecessors. He is keen in his comments on the far-fetched criticisms of men like Moulton, etc. The notes that particularly pleased me are those on Jonson's enmity to Shakespeare; on the words "Pardon, Caesar; Caesar, pardon"; on Statillius (p. 270); on Caesar's fictitious mantle; on the alliteration in iii. 1. 196; on the phrase "the manner of it" (p. 49); on the Senatus-consulta (p. 168); and on the effect of the monosyllables in iii. 1. 155-156. The attempted vindication of Brutus from the charge of having lied to Messala is not, me judice, successful. It is so easy to take refuge in the theory of a corrupted text that every such attempt must be regarded with sus- picion. The scene with Messala cannot possibly 1913] 47 THE DIAL be omitted without woefully marring the scene. We may be sure there is good psychological reason for Brutus's conduct. Brutus has every- where imposed on his critics by the high valu- ation he sets on himself, in other words, by his own blindness to his weaknesses. Brutus never admits or even thinks that he conspired against the life of his benefactor and friend because he was jealous of him and his growing power. He first decides that "it must be by his (Caesar's) death" and then proceeds to find reasons for his determination. He rationalizes his unconscious motives, a disciple of the new (Freudian) psy- chology would say. That the reasons he as- signs to himself in ii. 1. are not the true ones is evident from the fact that in his quarrel with Cassius he assigns a wholly different reason. And when a man assigns different reasons for his acts we may be sure that neither is the true one. It is exactly as with Hamlet's reasons for procrastination and Iago's reasons for conspir- ing against Othello. The "new psychology" might also very well be invoked to explain one or two points in the portrayal of Caesar. It has long been noted, and Mr. Furness has some very interesting comments on it, that Shakespeare represents Caesar as being "temporarily" (?) deaf after his epileptic fit. Several explanations of this have been given,— that it is only a touch of vivid por- traiture, that it is a symbol of Caesar's obstinacy and refusal to heed the warnings, that it is not to be taken literally, etc. No one, as far as I am aware, has ever thought of asking why Shake- speare departs from Plutarch in subjecting Caesar to an epileptic fit at the moment of the populace's disapproval of his crowning. So, too, according to Plutarch, Caesar's tearing open his doublet collar and offering his throat to be cut happened on another occasion, among his friends and in his own house. Nothing in all Shake- speare attests more convincingly the poet's mar- vellous insight into the workings of the human soul than this incident. Shakespeare shows us in his unconscious way that Caesar really never suffered from genuine epilepsy. Caesar's falling sickness came on late in life, Plutarch tells us, and the attacks occurred only after great emo- tional excitement. In the light of Freud's rev- elations we may say that Caesar suffered from a form of nervous disease called a " psychoneuro- sis,"the manifestations of which are determined by unconscious causes. From Stekel we learn that in cases of hysterical epilepsy the exciting cause of the attack is an unconscious criminal impulse. To prevent this impulse from becoming conscious the individual falls into a fit (which gives vent to the repressed energy) and loses consciousness. Caesar's attack manifests his covetous desire of becoming King and his hatred of the people for their disapproval of Antony's action. This is the meaning of the convulsion and what followed; not that it shows that Caesar's fortune is waning or that the gods, too, conspire against him. Let us not resort to the supernat- ural when the psychological will serve. Caesar's offer of his throat to the rabble and his fear that he may have said something amiss show what was in his mind before he fell. For the benefit of those who are not physicians it may be said that the reasons for not regarding Caesar's at- tack as genuine epilepsy are the following: the attack occurred by day; it was preceded by emotional excitement; his loss of consciousness was not complete; he recovered consciousness very quickly and knew what had happened; his mind was perfectly clear after the convulsion; he was deaf (or deafened) on the left ear; his attacks began late in life; he was superstitious "of late" and presented many paranoiac ten- dencies. That the deafness was on the left side becomes significant when we bear in mind that in the language of the unconscious the left is the wrong, the sinful, the criminal. One is disappointed to find so acute a scholar as Mr. Furness reproducing all the futile discussion (pp. 19 and 41) as to the i Shakesperean pronunciation of "Rome" and "room." Who can doubt that a poet and a wit would force the pronunciation of any word a little for the sake of a rhyme or a word-play? While on the subject of pronunciation, it is somewhat surprising that the editor does not inform us how Elizabethans pronounced the word "spirit" as a monosyllable, — whether "spir't" or "sprit." (Cf. p. 40.) I am inclined to think that the word was often pronounced "spreet," and often so printed. On p. 44 Mr. Furness reproduces Walker's note on the frequency of the interpolation of an s at the end of a word as being due to some peculiarity of Shakespeare's handwriting. If we had an authentic and undoubted specimen of the poet's handwriting this matter would be easily settled. But the only thing in this kind that we have is a portion of the MS. play of "Sir Thomas Moore" preserved in the British Museum, which it is impossible to prove to be a genuine MS. from the poet's hand, much as we may believe it is. This MS. and all other Elizabethan manuscripts show two distinct varieties of final s which cannot be mistaken 48 [July 16 THE DIAL for anything else; nor is there any final char- acter in it or them that in any way resembles a final 8. The same is also true of the poet's will, which some believe to be holographic. The dramatist's genuine signatures show no final stroke that could be mistaken for a final s. For which reasons I do not believe that the inter- polated final s originated in some peculiarity of Shakespeare's handwriting. On p. 237 Mr. Furness falls into a peculiar error which is very unusual for him. In con- nection with the vanishing of Caesar's ghost after Brutus had taken heart, he refers to " Macbeth" for an illustration of "a similar example of an effort of will overcoming an hallucination." But the two incidents are not at all alike. Macbeth takes heart only after the Ghost of Banquo vanished; his will had nothing to do with it. Witness his own words: "Why, so; being gone I am a man again." Psychologically the difference is very great. In "Macbeth" the Ghost is real, objective; in this play the Ghost is subjective, the projection of Brutus's guilty conscience. It is somewhat surprising to find Mr. Furness, who is so alert in the detection of fine tonal effects, failing to point out the effectiveness of the words "And kill him in the shell." The shortness of the line had received its comment, but no one, as far as I know, has pointed out » how these monosyllabic words with their three short i's and two short e's produce an effect as if the speaker were delivering a fatal blow. Shakespeare was very happy in the production of such effects, in adapting sound to sense; and every instance of it ought to be pointed out. Nothing finer in this kind has ever been produced than when King Lear pronounces his own doom: "So be my grave my peace as here I give her father's heart from her." This review having already outgrown my intention I shall comment only on two or three other matters of minor nature. Brutus's " I do know you well" (iv. 2. 50) does not mean "since we are both intimate friends." It means, "I know how excitable, rash, hot-tempered, and choleric you are." That is why he says, "Cassius, be content; speak your griefs softly." Mr. Furness's emendation of "increasing" for "encreaseth " is unnecessarily " botching Shake- speare," as Professor Liddell would say. The passage (iv. 3. 246) is perfectly clear as it is, and no one has ever found any difficulty with it. Nor can I receive favorably Walker's sugges- tion (p. 134) that we stress the word "of " in the verse, " He draws Marc Antony out of the way." Imagine, if you can, any actor reading the line that way! Nor do I agree with Mr. Furness in thinking that Brutus's speech (i. 2. 26) would read well if read, "A soothsayer bids beware," etc. The cacophony is harsh, and the meaning of the sentence is ruined. On the whole, the volume before us is one of the best editions of this play that has ever been published, and a worthy fellow to its predeces- sors in the "Furness Variorum Shakespeare." Samuel A. Tannenbaum. Japanese Color-Prints.* As year by year the circle widens of those who are familiar with the exquisite fascinations of the finer Japanese prints, there are produced occasional volumes of a quality that would have been impossible twenty-five years ago, when neither adequate data about the prints nor adequate processes of color-reproduction were available. Nowadays the reader, however remote he may be from the great print-collections, may have at his command trustworthy information regarding the artists and a true impression of the beauty of the prints themselves. The books of Fenollosa, von Seidlitz, and the great illus- trated catalogues of the exhibitions at the Musee des Arts Decoratifs issued annually in Paris, have all contributed to this service. And now Mr. Frederick William Gookin, whom one may regard as the doyen of Japanese print lovers in America, has produced, in his "Japan- ese Colour-Prints and their Designers," a vol- ume that will find a place beside the finest of its predecessors. The magnificent colored illustrations of the volume catch one's eye first; and, unlike ordinary illustrations, they have a place of high import- ance in the total scheme of the book. People in general do not realize how difficult it is even to see, and how almost impossible it is to acquire, the really fine prints,—the works that have given this field of art its high and just fame. The finest prints are widely scattered,—as a rule, in the hands of private collectors; and these fortunate possessors, though without known ex- ception they freely and gladly exhibit their treasures to all who ask, are not always easily •Japanese Colour-Prints and their Designers. By Frederick William Gookin. A Lecture delivered before The Japan Society of New York, April 10, 1911; to which is appended a Catalogue of a Loan Collection of Japanese Colour- Prints exhibited at the Fifth Avenue Building, April 19 to May 19,1911; together with Reproductions of Representative Prints included in the Exhibition. New York: The Japan Society. 1913] 49 THE DIAL accessible to the general public. Japan itself is now almost bare of such works. One may go from one end of that country to the other, and though one search diligently, one will perhaps not see a single print of the quality of those which Mr. Gookin reproduces. And so the value of these reproductions, in accurate color, of twenty-five of the supreme masterpieces of color-print design, is not small; nor is the service to the public in reproducing them a superfluous one. The noble magnificence of Toyonobu and Kiyonaga, the exquisite color of Utamaro and Shuncho, the colossal force of Sharaku, the spirituality of Ehhi, and the delicacy of Harunobu, — all address the eye from these pages with a power so intense that the book may well serve as the Bible of those missionaries who go forth to convert the world to the religion of Japanese prints. The history of the art of which these prints are the product is one of singular interest, and, until comparatively recently, of great obscurity. Mr. Gookin reviews, with insight, judgment, and a fine sense of perspective, its curiously brief course. This Ukiyoe, or Popular School, taking its rise, like a small stream, among the mountains of that older aristocratic art which Japan acquired from ancient China, began, at the end of the sixteenth century, in the time of the Tokugawa Shoguns, to swell into a broad river of gay and democratic artistic activity. The actor, the courtesan, the dancer, the man in the street, all began to find a place in an art that had hitherto been the select retreat of devotees of abstruse poetic allusion, venerable academic tradition, and almost incredible aes- thetic refinements. In a people fundamentally inartistic, like our own, the result of this swing toward the mob would have been a crude vulgar- ization. In the Japanese, it resulted in such a rendering of the passing world of everyday vigorous life— which is what the word " Ukiyo" means — as still charms us with an immortal vitality and beauty. One of the channels, and in certain ways the most interesting one, into which the life-stream of this popular school flowed was that of the color-print. Mr. Gookin dates the production of the first color-print as the year 1742, and attributes the invention of it to Okumura Masanobu. This is debatable ground; but on the debates we need not linger. Certain it is that from about this time on, year by year, and under many hands, the resources of the art expanded; until by 1765, in the work of Harunobu, practically all the possibilities of the technique had been realized. From then to the last decade of the century, the great period bloomed into amazing luxuriance; until, when the brush fell from the hands of the supreme master Kiyonaga, there began that decline which, passing through intermediate stages of such hauntingly lovely decadence, was to lead to the point where the art died a dreadful death of coarseness, commonplaceness, and hideousness in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. After this, it came to life only once, for a brief renaissance in the hands of Hiroshige, the peer- less master of landscape; and died again forever, with him, in 1858. To avoid confusion, it may be pointed out in passing that the word "Ukiyo^" is the identical term which most writers, including Mr. Gookin himself in his preface to Fenollosa's monumental catalogue of 1896, spell "Ukioye," and that "Eishi" is the same person who has been gen- erally known as "Yeishi." On the principle that the latest dicta of a prophet are the best, we follow the author's change of opinion in this matter. The wide first-hand experience and sound dis- criminative judgments that are at Mr. Gookin's command in his review of Ukiyoe' history make it easily the best brief account in existence. His description of the technique of color-printing is, also, more illuminating than that of any of his predecessors. Von Seidlitz's volume still re- mains the most comprehensive survey of the field; but if one wished to give a layman a true and expressive picture of this region, and an alluring glimpse at the prints themselves in their authentic color, one would certainly choose this book as one's medium. For the more experi- enced student, so brief a book is bound to have gaps that arouse regret. When so vast a field is to be covered, omissions are unavoidable ; and probably no two people would agree as to what could most properly be omitted. One may therefore legitimately and pleasantly quarrel with Mr. Gookin for his decision to ignore such artists as Shunman, the inventor of never- equaled harmonies in gray; Toyohiro, whose aristocratic delicacy of design frequently takes him into a world which his more famous and more productive master Toyokuni was never privileged to enter; and Kitao Masanobu, a creator of noble figures touched sometimes with a rare visionary quality that even the great Kiyonaga seems in certain moods to lack. But these are small quarrels, after all; and the omis- sions are fully accounted for by the necessity of compressing the material into a one-hour's lec- 50 [July 16 THE DIAL ture, for delivery before the Japan Society of New York. Further, one finds compensation in the fact that the book contains no allusion whatsoever to Kunisada, Kikumaro, Yeizan, Kuniyasu, Shunsen, and all that heterogeneous horde whose works defiled the second half of the nineteenth century, and whose histories encum- ber the pages of too many previous treatises. But on the other hand, one could wish that the author had faced a little more squarely the difficult, perhaps impossible, task of defining in words those elements of beauty in the prints which, though they make so sharp an appeal to the eye of the expert, are not always so obvious to the layman. One regrets a little that the author has not told us frankly what these prints mean to him, and disclosed to us his diagnosis of the springs of their enchantment. But per- haps the day has not yet come for such an inter- pretation. Certainly no writer has yet appeared to do for these artists what Walter Pater did ■for Botticelli, Leonardo, and Watteau,— positively enriching with his own perception of beauty the paintings of which he writes, and opening to a wider public the secret byways of a subtle and sensitive mind's aesthetic experience in the country of loveliness. It will perhaps be said that these prints have a less definite spirit- ual content, and lend themselves less readily to such explorations. But I believe this is not true: the spiritual content may be more nebulous here, more implicit in line and mass and color, and less concerned with the subject treated; but it exists,— otherwise this would not be art. And to define it must be the ultimate aim of criticism. Toward such an expression, all pre- liminary work in this field must lead; and even so finely expressive a book as the one before us will probably find its place ultimately with the treatises which, by sound scholarship and criti- cal justness, prepare the way for that spiritual interpretation of these designs which must some day be written. Or is this the biased view of a mere writer,— of one who subconsciously wishes to reduce all the arts to the terms of the one he understands best? Perhaps a painter would doubt the need, the value, the possibility of any such verbal rendering of another art. And yet one cannot refrain from hoping that some day Mr. Gookin will devote his rare equipment to the service of such a task. There are implica- tions in his writings leading one to conjecture that perhaps he already projects such an attempt. At any rate, the Japanese print itself has come to take a high and permanent place in the world of western aesthetic experience. As we look at such works, their very unfamiliarity of subject sets us free from our habitual preoccu- pation with mere theme, which is so great a curse to us in our approach to our own art. Where all is strange, and no sentimentality or interest of association enters to corrupt our feeling, we may see as in a vacuum, so to speak, the pure elements of artistic creation liberated from combination with elements of accidental and personal charm. For this reason, if for no other, the'prints have a unique value to students of the fundamental principles of design. The finest specimens open to us new vistas of delight; and even the poorest examples, if they date from the great period, have something to teach the westerner. But, as Mr. Gookin points out, the student primarily needs such familiarity with the rare works of the golden age as will lead him to turn quickly aside from the crude pro- ducts of an extreme later decadence and the miserable late impressions made in vast numbers from the worn-out blocks of Hiroshige. Such repulsive prints are very common, and constitute, in the minds of most people, the whole body of Japanese art. Small wonder that these people look upon the collector as a queer faddist who finds beauty in discord and deformity! But anyone who desires to retain this unfortunate illusion should be wary enough not to look into Mr. Gookin's volume. Arthur Davison Ficke. George Eliot's Inner Life.* A little work of distinct importance for gen- eral readers of George Eliot comes to us from England in humble guise. Says Professor C. H. Herford in his introductory note: "A book which is wholly occupied with the obscure pre- paratory years of a great writer, which closes with her first signal triumph, and ignores almost wholly the salient events of her later career, may appear to be a case of biography truncated, and truncated at the more interesting end. Yet to the student of literary origins," he adds, "the limited aim and scope of this essay will hardly need justification." Professor Herford seems to have in mind not so much the actual content of the work as its somewhat unfortunate title. "Early Life " does indeed suggest a narrow scope and large emphasis on "literary origins." But the book turns out to •The Eakly Life of George Eliot. By Mary H. Deakin, M.A. Manchester: At the University Press. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co. 1913] 51 THE I) LAX be a very good presentation of George Eliot's whole personality. It covers the first forty years of her life, and indicates, at the same time, the very few developments of any import- ance which occurred later. One wonders just what "salient events of her later career" (that is, the last twenty years of her life) Professor Herford had in mind—assuming that salient events, in the case of an author, are those which either strongly illuminate his nature or affect him so nearly as to have an important result for his writings. Events of this quality, in George Eliot's case, were chiefly antecedent to "her first signal tri- umph," "Adam Bede"—they were, indeed, the means of making that triumph possible. They are comprised, very roughly speaking, within three periods: first, the initial twenty years of quiet country life, during which the girl's mind was unconsciously accumulating the material of future novels; then the decade spent in the town of Coventry, with its congenial and liber- ating influences; and finally, the early period of literary activity in London, which brought to bear on Marian Evans those external stimuli — chief among them the affectionate appreciation of G. H. Lewes—so necessary to stir into full activity her hesitant genius for narrative. When George Eliot finished "Adam Bede," she practically completed also her own inner development as an artist. By limiting itself to that development, Miss Deakin's book finds a place of its own between such sketchy biogra- phies of George Eliot as Miss Blind's and Leslie Stephen's on the one hand, and on the other hand Cross's Life and Letters with its dreary tracts of lifeless details. Within her chosen field, moreover, Miss Deakin is guided by an exceptionally sympa- thetic insight into her author's spiritual life. This sets her free from what may be called the "intellectual fallacy " in regard to George Eliot. "This woman author," remarks one who knew the late Professor Dowden in student days, "this woman author, with her chilly east wind of science and agnosticism, was a wintry frost to all of us, in those far-away days."* And as late as 1909, Professor Hugh Walker pronounces that "George Eliot sat upon a solitary throne which few cared to approach,"—a somewhat strange statement considering the large sale of her books. The fact is that the mass of general readers, undiscriminatingly viewing George Eliot's art in toto, found her faults fairly easy to digest. Not so the critical. The generation * See The Dial, May 16, 1913, p. 405. of critics and biographers a little later than Dowden's was sufficiently liberated from Vic- torian romanticism to feel the essential warmth of George Eliot's view of life; but not suffi- ciently to make due allowance for the over- intellectuality of her art. This fault of hers — the unfortunate corollary of an intellectual quietude and precision recalling classic art and largely foreign to the age—was harder to accept than Dickens's sentimentality and Thackeray's gossipy chatter, especially since it was not easy to reconcile with the sex of "this woman au- thor." Consequently the centre of her art and individuality, essentially feminine as it is, was somewhat obscured. Now, Miss Deakin obviously belongs to a generation which has been considerably influ- enced by George Meredith; to whom, she re- marks, George Eliot is closely akin, " especially in her wide, human, understanding sympathy, and her mental attitude toward life." And it is apparent throughout the book that Miss Deakin is an admirer of her author's "this-worldliness." As a result she is inclined to over-estimate George Eliot's art, when this comes into ques- tion. But on the whole she avoids the critical standpoint, and keeps to her aim of dealing with the novelist's works only in so far as they illu- minate her personality. And here Miss Deakin's sympathy is of value. It enables her to escape the usual over-emphasis on George Eliot's in- tellect, and to hold fairly firmly to what was central in her personality. This is especially evident in the writer's treatment of that most interesting phase of George Eliot's emotional development: her relinquishment of Calvinistic evangelicalism, and adoption, while at Coventry, of a positivistic view of life. Miss Deakin's achievement, then, has been to make clearer than before the harmony of George Eliot's emotional and intellectual life. One wishes, however, that she had developed this subject more fully and explicitly; she misses a number of excellent opportunities for doing so, as if unconscious of her mission. Further- more, her book presents several misinterpreta- tions; and the style is faulty. These several defects, however, seem to the present reviewer venial in comparison with the shortcomings characteristic of the majority of minor biogra- phies which have been appearing during the past two decades—generally in connection with some series or other. The writers of these little books apply to their material no other principle of selection, seemingly, than that of setting down whatever items, of a biographical or critical 52 [July 16 THE DIAL nature, happen to pop into their minds. Un- less, as infrequently happens, the biographer's own personality is of sufficient import to lend a continuous interest to his work, such a method is sterile, — peculiarly so when applied to the majority of nineteenth century authors, whose lives were on the whole lacking in external inter- est, and demand a treatment radically different from the impressionistic and anecdotal. Fortu- nately this need is beginning to be perceived. A trend toward a more centripetal treatment has made its appearance. At length, affected, perhaps, by the predominant scientific attitude of mind, several minor biographers have shown signs of willingness to go through the mental labor necessary to discover the essential beneath the purely external and commonplace. Such an aim naturally leads to the placing of greater stress on the earlier lives of nineteenth century authors. In extreme cases, like those of Words- worth and George Eliot, where almost nothing of inner significance occurs in the author's later years, these may well be almost entirely ignored. M. Legouis's "La Jeunesse de Wordsworth," 1896, represents what may almost be designated a new literary genre. Miss Deakin's book is a humbler representative of the same general type. It evinces, even though imperfectly, the three essentials which this variety of work must possess if it is to be as attractive, and as successful, as the best biographies of the moreBoswellian type: keen and comprehensive study of all available materials; deliberate concision; psychological understanding of personality, attended with complete sympathy for the author under con- sideration. George Roy Elliott. The Pith of the Classics.* Banting in literature is a proposition which will soon have to be seriously considered, if the human race is not to be crowded off the planet by the accumulation of books. There have been individual instances of prodigious liter- ary production in the past; but as a rule the writers whose work has come down to us, while •Thk Re«ent Library. First volumes: Thomas Love Peacock, by W. H. Helm; Mrs. Gaskell, by E. A. Chad- wick; Blaise de Monlnc, by A. W. Evans; Wordsworth, by E. Hallam Moorhouse; Leigh Hunt, by Edward Storer; Samuel Johnson, by Alice Meynell and 6. K. Chesterton; George Eliot, by Viola Meynell; Charles Dickens, by W. H. Helm; Jane Austen, by Lady Margaret Sackville; Shelley, by Roger Ingpen; Mary Wollstonecraft, by Camilla Jebb; William Cowper, by Edward Storer; Samuel Richardson, by Sheila Kaye-Smith. Each with photogravure portrait. Chicago: F. G. Browne & Co. they might have had as much to say as our moderns, did not take up as much room to say it in. Many recent poets for instance have written as much as the combined work of Homer, Virgil, Lucretius, Pindar, Horace, and Catullus. We cannot rely on an Omar coming along to burn our libraries; and as our authors will not themselves do anything to reduce their super- fluous avoirdupois, the business will have to be attended to for them. A beginning was made by Matthew Arnold when he compressed Wordsworth and Byron each into a small volume. He was successful with the first, whose work is easily divisible into good and bad; but Byron, who is always Byron, cannot be really represented by single pieces or extracts. Richardson's interminable epic of sentiment, "Clarissa Harlowe," has also been condensed; but it is more tolerable with all its original embonpoint than in the skeletonized presentment. But the largest effort which has been made to put English classics into limitation and con- fine is "The Regent Library," some fourteen volumes of which have been issued, with more in preparation. The plan of this publication consists in giving the best short pieces or specimen extracts from the respective authors, with requisite apparatus of biographical and critical introductions, notes, testimonials and bibliographical appendices. As far as the three poets now included — Cowper, Wordsworth, and Shelley—are concerned, the result is all that could be desired. Practically everything is given of these writers which anyone save a professed student or a special enthusiast really needs. More than that, by the separation of their grain from their chaff these poets gain in value and efficacy. In Cowper's case it may be noted that a very few pages suffice to contain the poetry which time has winnowed from his mass, and that the greater part of the book is given up to his letters, — "Cowper's divine chit-chat." In regard to the essayists, also, we think the method of this set of reprints fully justifies itself. As much of Johnson, the writer, is given as most human beings will want to read; the far more important Johnson, the talker, being always accessible in Boswell. The introduction to this volume is in Mr. Chesterton's best style, —a style which makes so many hits and yet so little impression. The volume devoted to Leigh Hunt gives the finest wine of that exhilarating spirit, though the criticisms from "Imagi- nation and Fancy" can hardly be appreciated 1913] 53 THE DIAL without the poetry which they accompany and interpret. It was a good idea of the editor's to include Mary Wollstonecraft in the series. The quite full reproduction of the "Rights of Woman" of this pioneer of the woman cause ought to be of special interest to-day. The introduction is an admirable brief biography, and its enthusiasm for Mary Wollstonecraft's noble character is borne out by her letters. Perhaps no English author needs a popularizing volume of this kind more than Thomas Love Peacock. He can hardly be said to be hidden in excess of light; but his fulness of thought, and his odd turn of wit, humor, and satire, have kept him from having any vogue. In regard to the novelists included in the Library — Richardson, Jane Austen, Mrs. Gaskell, Dickens,— we are more in doubt as to the value of the volumes. The art of novel writing is largely the art of dilution, and a glass of sea water does not become more con- centrated by being separated from its parent element. Extracts cannot give the power and completeness of great characters, the building up of which is the novelists' most triumphant work. Even so, however, such specimens are better than critical disquisitions or studies which fill a reader's mind with second-hand impressions of authors of whom perhaps he may not have read a page in the original books. Such specimens may at least give him a taste, a flavor, which is keen in its kind, and which may lead him on to a full repast. The Library only goes afield for one volume, a partial reproduction of Charles Cotton's trans- lation of the Commentaries of Blaise de Monluc, sometime Marechal of France. This is a fine record of fighting and adventure by a precursor of D'Artagnan, whose life had more of real war- fare in it and less of swaggering than that of Dumas's hero. It seems to us that it would be an excellent thing if the projectors of this series were to extend its scope and let us have in translation volumes of specimens of many modern conti- nental authors. Lessing, Goethe, Heine, Hugo, De Musset, Lamartine, Manzoni, Leopardi, Carducci, and a score of others could thus be brought within the horizon of multitudes of English and American readers to whom in their own languages or in bulky translations they are sealed books. But there is still plenty of work to be done at home. Two English authors, Burns and Cole- ridge, who are not included in the prospectus of the Regent Library, would seem especially in need of its methods. Out of Burns's three hundred pieces, long and short, not more than forty-five or fifty are of great value, have the stamp of immortality. It would be a service to him to separate these from the mass of mediocre verse and failures. Coleridge's four or five best pieces are the most quintessential poetry in the language. There are a few other lyrics, three odes, and a number of translated passages which might go with these. His great criticism is already a chaos of fragments so it would be no sacrilege to select the best of it to make up a volume. The volumes of " The Regent Library" are well printed, of convenient and compact form, and sold at a very moderate price. Each volume contains a photogravure portrait. Charles Leonard Moore. Briefs on New Books. Twilight In the course of the last decade The in Greek Dial has frequently commented upon religion. the historical and ethical significance of Greek religion, and upon the important develop- ments following the application of the methods and results of anthropology to the available material in that field. The day when the scholar settled the problems of Hellenic religious customs and feeling by referring only to the great authors of antiquity is definitely past; and the twentieth century student is quite as likely to appeal to a Central Australian tabu as to a passage from yEschylus. This tendency is seen very instructively in Professor Gilbert Mur- ray's " Four Stages of Greek Religion" (Columbia University Press). The brilliant author, as every- one knows, is a literatus of the literati, and he him- self still distinguishes in his preface between "the anthropologist" and "the scholar"; but he has wel- comed the new light most heartily, and two of the main divisions of the volume depend very largely upon conceptions and postulates outside the old lit- erary range. Professor Murray takes up first the primitive beginnings of religion in Greece, the Age of Ignorance; secondly, the Olympian, or classical stage; thirdly, the Hellenistic period, the "Failure of Nerve"; and fourthly, the final pagan reaction in the time of Julian. In its treatment "the book avoids the great illuminated places, and gives its mind to the stretches of intervening twilight." It is delightfully clear and intelligible, as well as pro- vocatively suggestive, and will amply repay thought- ful perusal. In the first two sections a reviewer could stir a quarrel on almost any page, particu- larly where conclusions are cheerfully based upon the author's well-known theories about Homeric problems. Nothing could be more irritating to a disputant who cannot share Professor Murray's 54 [July 16 THE DIAL confidence in their validity. However, these and all other differences are merely incidents of progress in a difficult subject, "which is still changing and showing new facets year by year." In the third and fourth divisions the conditions of judgment are more stable, and the conclusions proportionately less con- trovertible. It was a most happy thought to include, as an authoritative statement of pagan doctrine in the fourth century, a translation of the little-known work of Sallustius," On the Gods and the World." The studies are written in the graceful English one associates with Professor Murray's name, although in a few instances a sensitive ear will feel that facility of presentation has lapsed into carelessness. The waking, "The. Governments of Europe" is at European the title of an interesting and in- government,. forming volume by Prof. Frederic Austin Ogg of Simmons College, Boston. "It is the object of this book to promote the intelligent study of government by supplying working descriptions of the governmental systems of the various countries of western and central Europe as they have taken form and as they operate at the present day." It was the author's intention to include all the European governments, but lack of space forced him to omit those of Russia, Turkey, and the Balkan States. Much has been written on Professor Ogg's subject in recent years, but his work has certain character- istics that entitle it to a place in the literature of political science: it is historical as well as descrip- tive, and discusses forces as well as forms. Except in the case of the English government, the author has not found it necessary to sketch an extensive historical background, as nearly all the constitutions of modern Europe have seen the light since 1815; still, he is careful in every case to trace the genesis of the prevailing system. Some attention is also given to governmental forces as organized in political parties. Most of the space is given to the central institutions, but local government is not neglected, though it must be said that this phase of the subject shows less skilful treatment. The discussion has been brought down to date on every subject: the book gives satisfactory accounts of the constitution of Bosnia-Herzegovina (1910), of Alsace-Lorraine (1911), of the republican constitution of Portugal (1911), of the last English Parliament Act (1911), and of the newer political issues that have disturbed European politics during the last few years. Though primarily intended for text-book purposes, Professor Ogg's book will also prove serviceable* for the general reader who wishes clear and concise accounts of how government is administered in the European states. The art ^o the series of illustrated handbooks treantre, of on "The Art Galleries of Europe" Hertford Hou,e. publi8hed by L. C. Page & Co. there is added a handsome volume entitled "The Art of the Wallace Collection," by Mr. Henry C. Shelley. It is now thirteen years since Hertford House, where the late Sir Richard Wallace gathered his matchless examples of French, Dutch, Flemish, and British art, was opened to the world as a public museum maintained by the English government in accordance with the terms of Lady Wallace's will; but no such popularly useful and interesting account of its treasures in painting, sculpture, furniture, arms, and armor as Mr. Shelley has at last prepared has hitherto been available. His book opens with a short preface, then sketches the history of the Wallace collection, with some account of Lord Hertford, by whom was bequeathed to Richard Wallace what was to constitute the best part of the now famous art treasures bearing the legatee's name, and then pro- ceeds to describe the more remarkable features of the collection as they are to be seen in the various galleries of the museum. Illustrations from photo- graphs, forty-eight in number, help to call attention to what is most noteworthy; and the book is well indexed at the end. A former keeper of the collec- tion, Sir Claude Phillips, has very recently called attention, in the London "Telegraph," to its peculiar importance and value. He says: "If the French art of the eighteenth century is now much better known in England than it was a few years ago, the reason is that the Wallace collection has permanently brought under the eyes of connoisseurs and the public much that is finest in the painting and sculpture, as well as the applied art, of that period." He also declares that Watteau's art is here " illustrated on a larger scale and in greater variety and brilliancy than in any gallery, public or private, save only those of the Louvre and of the palaces of Berlin and Pottsdam." Hence it is that one might reason- ably have expected in Mr. Shelley's book a more marked emphasis on the Watteau feature of the collection, and more than his one illustration from that artist. But the volume is carefully prepared, shows the courage of the writer's preferences, and is interesting. It is a hard saying, but much of the The ,torv of a trouble in the civilized world to-day working woman. . , ■? rests upon ignorance ot the condi- tions prevailing outside of the economic class to which each of us is assigned. The poor are ignor- ant of the grace and ease of living among the wealthy and refined, or by their very numbers they would make extravagances and excesses impossible; the rich and cultivated are no less ignorant of the degradation involved in utter poverty, or merely for humanity's sake they would take steps to alleviate it. Few in the community know the whole truth about both the classes which maybe roughly grouped as "poor " or "rich," and it is significant that those who do are largely devoting their lives to an ameli- oration of existing conditions. No better basis for imagining what it is that the very poor have to con- tend with, hour by hour, can be found than "The Autobiography of a Working Woman" (F. G. Browne & Co.), to the American edition of which an introduction has been provided by Mr. Jenkin Lloyd Jones, in addition to the introductions already 1913] 55 THE DIAL written for the English edition by August Bebel and J. Ramsay Macdonald, M.P. It is the story of the life of Mrs. Adelheid Fopp, a leader among German socialists, covering her entire memory of life until she found herself through sheer force of character in her present commanding position. Throughout her girlhood she was very poor. Her father drank himself into an early grave, leaving his family desti- tute of everything except the tender compassion of those no better off than themselves—that wonderful charity of the poor toward one another, by which the rich, if they could realize it, would be shamed. Little by little, chiefly through an engrossing love for reading, the girl lifted herself intellectually out of the ignorance and superstition to which she was born. Socialism, chiefly in the form of benefiting mankind, took the place of her old religion, and by its ideals she shaped a new life. She married within the socialistic ranks and found there all her happi- ness, using the inspiration it gave her to elevate chose still in the stratum from which she had extricated herself. The book shows no dogmatism and presents no minute facts which might tire a casual reader, but it is instinct with truth, and it presents that bitter sordidness which has been the destruction of count- less souls less strong than that unconsciously depicted by its author. Bioia-eHno Mr; George Palmer Putnam, of jour- <n Central nalistic experience and talents, as his America. chapters reveal, presents a brisk and entertaining as well as instructive account of things seen in Central America in bis book, "The South- land of North America" (Putnam). From Panama to Guatemala he and his wife proceeded by leisurely stages—or steamers, rather—stopping at the chief seaports, and now and then pushing inland from the Pacific coast to an interior capital or other point of interest. Twice (at Limon and Puerto Barrios) the Atlantic shore line was reached, and once, in Guatemala, a point was attained by the writer where the two oceans were visible. This commanding height was the summit of Mt. Acatenango. By familiar intercourse with official and other persons in the countries visited, Mr. Putnam equipped him- self with facts and figures and other information for the ultimate enrichment of his volume. He also brought home a large number of photographs taken by himself and turned to excellent account in the illustration of the book. A good map is provided, as also an appendix packed with statistical and other useful matter in condensed form. From his chapter on Costa Rica's capital, we quote in closing this bit of information concerning an institution one might not have expected to find in that little tropical city: "The Biblioteca Nacional, or public library, with about 50,000 volumes well housed, represents the literary side of life better than might be expected in an isolated land of 350,000 inhabitants. To be sure, the dust that covers many shelves perhaps indicates a livelier interest in music and the drama than in literature. Mark Twain was well repre- The making of our Corutitution. sented, and Sefior Ferroz, the aged librarian, told us that Dickens, whose works we found in Spanish and French as well as English, was by all odds the 'best seller' to-day." Especially commendable is Mr. Putnam's care to confine his remarks to that of which he has personal or otherwise trustworthy knowledge, a practice not universal with writers on Latin America. Professor Max Farrand's volume of some two hundred and fifty pages, "The Framing of the Constitution" (Yale University Press), is based upon the same author's elaborate work," The Records of the Federal Convention," already reviewed at length in the columns of The Dial. The "Records," largely concerned with matters of textual criticism, made its appeal to the technical student; "The Framing of the Constitution" is a summary of the impressions of the Federal Convention derived by the author from his ten years' labor in this special field of American history, and is intended for popular consumption. It is an example of what such a work ought to be; for while the narrative is made simple, and references are omitted, the book is the result of a scholarly investigation, and in every page meets the tests of criticism. In this respect it con- trasts interestingly with the corresponding chapters in Fiske's "Critical Period," which present, for the most part, an interesting decoction of Bancroft Professor Farrand treats of the defects of the Confederation, the calling of the Convention, its personnel and organization, the plans that were submitted to its consideration, the compromises that were made, and the adoption of the Constitution. A final chapter reviews in its entirety the work accomplished at Philadelphia, reaching the conclusion that the Constitution is "neither a work of divine origin, nor 'the greatest work that was ever struck off at a given time by the brain and purpose of man,' but a practical workable document." "Planned to meet certain immediate needs and modified to suit the exigencies of the situation, it was floated on a wave of commercial prosperity, and it has been adapted by an ingenious political people to meet the changing requirements of a century and a quarter." Memoirt of William Cobbett, the noted English English* journalist who began his years of radical. usefulness as a bird-scarer and closed his career as a member of Parliament, was one of the most interesting, most important, and unique characters of English history in the nineteenth cen- tury. He is now remembered chiefly as the orig- inator of certain very useful literary ventures, such as the Parliamentary History, the State Trials, and the Political Register. But in his own day he was prominent as an opposition journalist, as a political pamphleteer of the radical type. Cobbett has re- cently found an enthusiastic biographer in Mr. Lewis Melville, who has published his studies in the life and times of the great radical leader in two volumes under the title "The Life and Letters of William 56 [July 16 THE J)IAL Cobbett in England and America" (Lane). There have been earlier sketches of Cobbett's life, but no one has hitherto attempted bo complete a study as the one undertaken by Mr. Melville. The author has had access to a great deal of unpublished material, chiefly letters, many of which have been embodied in the work. The volumes are not a biog- raphy as the term is usually understood: they are a collection of letters, with occasional pages of narra- tive where the documents fail to tell a clear or con- nected story. Mr. Melville is an admirer of William Cobbett, but his admiration has not left him blind to the defects of Cobbett's character: proper emphasis is placed on his abilities and achievements, but no attempt is made to conceal his inordinate egotism or to justify his crude and violent methods. The au- thor has successfully avoided the appearance of par- tisanship and the temptation to act as an advocate. His work, however, will be of only slight interest to the general reader; but the serious student of En- glish history will find it of great value for the light that the documents throw on the early history of British radicalism. Earneucav No other of. our k^r-day essayists on terioiu approaches in combined incisiveness theme: aiyj ponderosity Mr. Francis Grier- son, whose latest volume, "The Invincible Alliance and Other Essays" (Lane), has just appeared. His style is at once a keen rapier and a crushing sabre, and he brandishes his dangerous weapon with mag- nificent assurance. "It requires Anglo-maniacal ef- frontery to broach the subject of disarmament when dealing with a people like the Germans. Whence comes this effrontery?" The old dispensation, hav- ing survived six hundred years, he says elsewhere, is at an end, and we are at the threshold of a new civilization: "Conditions will change to such a de- gree that in nothing will the coming dispensation resemble anything in the old." Again, "To-day nothing but a hatch separates us from primitive barbarism." In subject, the essays range from "Republic or Empire?" and "Savonarola" to "The Psychology of Dress" and "The Soul's New Refuge." All are serious in treatment, for the author is terribly in earnest even when his tone is bantering. Indeed, his pronunciamentos, though they indicate wide knowledge and observation and an active mind, too often suggest grimness and in- flexibility. Yet these very qualities have their value: Mr. Grierson awakens the mind, starts long and often new trains of thought, through his unique rapier and sabre attack. Addret$et Mr. James Bryce's retirement to daemon'"* private life and return to his own and diplomat, country after acting as its official representative at Washington for the last six years give especial interest and weight to the volume of public utterances—"University and Historical Ad- dresses" (Macmillan)—which he has published as embodying the treatment of topics having an im- portance that is more than ephemeral. Twenty-two out of a far larger number of discourses delivered in America between 1907 and 1912 are thus repro- duced, with some changes, additions, and omissions, from the speaker's notes. Naturally they are in most instances what we call "occasional" addresses, —addresses commemorative of some historic anni- versary or in celebration of some literary or educa- tional festivity. Thus we find, among the more important subjects treated, "The Beginnings of Virginia," "The Landing of the Pilgrims in 1620," "Thomas Jefferson: Third President of the United States and Founder of the University of Virginia," "The Character and Career of Abraham Lincoln," "The Study of Ancient Literature," "Some Hints on Reading," and "The Constitution of the United States." What the reader of literary tendencies will most like in the book is the repeated insistence on the importance of the "humanities "in all courses of higher education, and the warning against too early or too great specialization. Like apples of gold in pictures of silver is this fitly-spoken word. An incidental compliment of a high order to our public library system will be found near the begin- ning of the author's remarks on reading. The ad- dresses are all excellent as literature —which cannot be said of most public speeches,—and they preserve much of the charm of Mr. Bryce's personality. Among the most temperate of re- ofGoHZtmmU cent estimates of Goethe is the little volume entitled "Goethe and the Twentieth Century" (Holt), by Prof. J. G. Robertson, of the University of London. A long residence in Germany has given Professor Robertson a genuine German appreciation of his author, yet he cannot wholly overcome his native Scotch standards of reason and conduct. The little book tempts to much quotation, but it will be fairer to let English readers resort for themselves to so condensed and on the whole so fair a presentation of Germany's greatest exemplar. Professor Robertson's argument is, that Goethe is peculiarly individualistic and there- fore continues to appeal to modern men. "What- ever we may say of the futility, or even shallowness, of Goethe's metaphysics; however vague and elusive his religious thought may be; however transient and unjustified by later developments his social and political theories, we have still to say that no thinker of modern times has spoken so wisely and with such finality on the conduct of personal life as Goethe." To all of which one might easily dissent, to the detraction as well as to the commen- dation. But nevertheless, this is a book well worth reading.—Alexander Baumgartner's "Goethe: Sein Leben und seine Werke" (St. Louis: Herdersche Verlagshandlung) is a work that commands respect for the thoroughness of its research and the frank- ness of its attack. As an antidote to the deification of Goethe, so common among German critics and historians, it has its proper place. It must be said 1913] 57 THE DIAL that Baumgartner is not wholly without admiration for the great German pagan, and treats him rather better than Menzel. Perhaps no other biography of Goethe is so coherent, diary-like, and useful for reference. The nitdv In "The Cotton Manufacturing In- A^Tcan du8try in the United State8" (Ha.r" induitrv. vard University Press), Dr. Melvin T. Copeland, brings together the results of several years of investigation concerning the growth and present condition of a staple American industry. The first part of the study is devoted to the history and present organization of the industry, while in the second part the relative position of the United States with reference to other countries is taken up. The growth of the industry is traced from the establishment of the first successful cotton mill in this country, in 1790, down to the present day, as evidenced by spinning and weaving, the making of lace and smallwares and knit goods. Then follow chapters on geographical distribution, technical de- velopment, labor, textile schools, scale of production and specialization, associations and combinations, the raw cotton market, the cloth market, export trade, import trade, and dividends and prices. The relative position of the United States is brought out by a first-hand study, and by comparison of the industry here with that in England, France, Switzerland, and Germany. As to export trade the conclusion is that the competition which American exporters will find most severe is that of the English. The study is both scholarly and interesting, and will prove of great value to the student of economic development BRIEFER MENTION. Of especial appeal to American readers among the latest volumes in "Everyman's Library" (Dutton) are Crevecceur's "Letters from an American Farmer," with an interesting introduction by Mr. Warren Barton Blake; and Robert Buchanan's "Life and Adventures of Audubon," with a reprint of Mr. John Burroughs's essay on Audubon by way of preface. We trust that these two fascinating records of outdoor life in the early days of America may find many thousands of new read- ers in this convenient and inexpensive form. Few American publishing enterprises are deserving of such unqualified approval as the " Macmillan Stand- ard Library," which is making accessible in substantial and inexpensive form some of the best serious books of recent years. Two late additions to the series, typical of its general quality, are Mr. H. G. Wells's "New Worlds for Old," probably the most lucid and convinc- ing outline of Socialism now available; and Professor Mahaffy's well-loved "Rambles and Studies in Greece," which although issued nearly forty years ago still holds its own. This new edition (the seventh) seems to have been carefully revised, and contains a new preface by the author. A pretty little volume of " Ancient Gems in Modern Settings," being versions from the Greek Anthology in English rhymes by various authors, has been compiled by Dr. G. B. Grundy, and issued by the Oxford publisher, Mr. B. H. Blackwell. The compiler has frankly followed his own taste in the matter of the versions selected, and a liberal sprinkling of his own skilful renderings is included. The result as a whole is perhaps the most satisfactory presentation of the Anthology now avail- able in English. It seems to us that the translators' names should have been appended to their work; one does not like to have to refer constantly to a table of contents for information of this sort. But we can find no other ground for criticism of what is altogether a charming little book. The noteworthy "Loeb Classical Library" (Mac- millan), which was described and discussed in detail in our issue of February 16 last, is making satisfactory progress. Of the later volumes that have reached us, only one belongs to the Latin section,— the first of three volumes embodying Cicero's Letters, in the rendering of Mr. E. O. Winstedt. The Greek books comprise a two-volume Sophocles, translated by Mr. F. Store; "The Greek Bucolic Poets," translated by Mr. J. M. Edmonds; Appian's Roman History, translated by Dr. Horace White, in four volumes; "The Fall of Troy" by Quintus of Smyrna, translated by Dr. Arthur S. Way; the second and concluding volume of "The Apostolic Fathers," translated by Mr. Kirsopp Lake; the "Argo- nautica" of Apollonius Rhodius, translated by Mr. R. C. Seaton; and the first of three volumes comprising the Works of the Emperor Julian, translated by Dr. Wilmer Cave Wright. What libraries to visit in Great Britain, when the American librarian takes his vacation abroad, is a ques- tion not unlikely to arise; and the answer will be found, succinctly given, in "A British Library Itinerary" (London: Grafton & Co.), by Mr. James Duff Brown, Borough Librarian of the Islington Free Libraries, pro- lific writer on library science, and initiator of a number of reforms in library administration. More than five- score libraries in England, Scotland, and Wales, chosen in such manner as to present all varieties of type with- out needless repetition, are arranged in groups, under such headings as "Liverpool Centre," "Manchester Centre," "Edinburgh Centre," "London Centre," etc., with brief descriptions calling especial attention to char- acteristic features. The little guide is put forth in response to a demand for some such selective list from American and Colonial librarians, and seems excellently suited to its purpose. Wilhelm Lamszus's booklet," The Human Slanghter- House" (Stokes), made its author known in Germany partly because of its character, partly also because the government authorities of his district tried to oust him from his teaching position for writing it. That he possesses literary power of the hysterical sort is suffi- ciently shown by these pages. The thing reminds one of " The Red Laugh " of Andreiff. The soenes it pictures from "the war that is sure to eome," though possible, are none the less imaginary and are not likely to inspire the average man with an aversion to war. Lamszus's thesis, which is further developed in the excellent preface by Mr. Oakley Williams, is that war is now no more a conflict between persons, and can no longer claim the benefits which are alleged to proceed from such conflicts; it is to-day a conflict waged by machinery. The machine gun delivers wonnded and dead men as another machine turns out buttons in a factory. All that is needed, thinks Lamszns, is some mechanical 58 [July 16 THE DIAL device to bury the victims. It seems analogous to an Armour or Swift plant, hence the title, "The Human Slaughter-House." The first volume of the Truxton Beale Prize Essays, published by the University of California, deals with Tolstoy's What Shall We Do Then?" It is not only notable as a most interesting departure in university publications and university incentives to thought, but the subject of the essays and the manner of treatment speak well for the social idealism which is permeating American university circles. The first essay in this col- lection of five is by Mr. Bayard Hale Jones, and exhibits the social teachings of Tolstoy in relation to his personal experiences and the almost medieval state of the coun- try whose problems gave birth to Tolstoy's social ideal- ism. The second essay, by Mr. Sheldon Warren Cheney, contains an interpretation and a critical application of Tolstoy's ideas to the present-day social situation. The testimony of these and the other essayists whose work is included in the volume is a remarkable one to the suggestive as well as the inspirational value of Tolstoy's thought. Notes. "The Mastery of Grief," a little book of consolation for the afflicted, by Mr. Bolton Hall, is announced by Messrs. Holt & Co. Sir James M. Barrie, playwright and novelist, who has arranged for his second visit to America, plans to reach New York in November. "Every Day in My Garden," a practical reference book for amateur gardeners, by Virginia E. Verplanck, will be published immediately by William R. Jenkins Co. Lieutenant Jerome C. Hunsaker's translation of M. Eiffel's "Resistance of the Air and Aviation " is pub- lished this month by Messrs. Houghton Mifflin Co. The University of London Press will issue in the autumn "The Poems of Sir Thomas Wiat," edited from the manuscripts, with comments and facsimile reproductions, by Mr. A. K. Forwell. "Some Problems of Modern Government," a volume of essays by Professor William Taft, is announced for fall publication by the Yale University Press. It con- tains the substance of the eight lectures recently deliv- ered by him at the University. Mr. Bernard Miall has prepared a translation of President Poincare"s "How France Is Governed," a volume giving an exposition of the national system of France. The volume is announced for immediate pub- lication by Mr. T. Fisher Unwin. Mr. Norman Duncan has returned from a long trip to Australia, New Zealand, and Tasmania, where, together with the artist Mr. George Harding, he has been collecting material for a series of travel articles which will appear in " Harper's Magazine." The articles of Mr. Robert Hichens on the Balkan Peninsula and its scenic wonders which have been ap- pearing in the "Century" will be published in book form in the late fall by the Century Co. The illustrations in color are from the canvases of M. Gue'rin. Among other Oxford Press books now in active pre- paration are the following: "The Rise and Fall of the High Commission," by Roland G. Usher; "The King's Council during the Middle Ages," by James F. Baldwin; "Stoics and Sceptics," by Edwyn Bevan; "The Living Past: A Sketch of Western Progress," by F. S. Marvin; "The Genesis of Lancaster," by Sir James Ramsay; and "Collected Papers of Henry Sweet," edited by H. C. Wyld. Among forthcoming books to be published by Messrs. Paul Elder & Co. are "The Inhumanity of Socialism," by Mr. Edward F. Adams, a third edition of " Comfort Found in Good Old Books," by Mr. George Hamlin, and the same author's new volume, "A Critic in the Orient." With California so prominently in the public eye as it is at present, a timely interest attaches to " The Story of California," by Mr. Henry K. Norton, which Messrs. A. C. McClurg & Co. announce for early publication. In this volume the history of the state is covered from 1542 to the present time. Messrs. Longmans, Green & Co. announce for early issue "Public Opinion and Popular Government," by President Lowell of Harvard; "Organized Democracy," by Mr. Frederick A. Cleveland; "Modern American Speeches," edited by Professor Lester W. Boardman; and "A History of England," by Professor Edward P. Cheyney. Five books are on the list of publications of Messrs. D. Appleton & Co. for the month. They include " The Psychology of Laughter," by Boris Sidis; the seventh volume of Professor John Bach McMaster's "History of the People of the United States"; "A Handbook of Wireless Telegraphy," by Mr. James Erskine-Murray; "De Garuio's Wife," by David Graham Phillips; and "The Whistling Man," by Mr. Maximilian Foster. To meet the demand in Germany for Mr. George J. Kneeland's " Commercialized Prostitution in New York City," arrangements have been made for a German translation of the book, and of the three forthcoming publications to be issued by the Century Co. for the Bureau of Social Hygiene. The translator is Frau Adele Schreiber, of Berlin, a prominent worker in the suffrage movement in Germany, and author of two important works on " The Child " and "The Mother." Coincident with the publication by Mr. B. W. Huebsch of the second volume of Hauptmann's Dramas in En- glish, comes the news that " political and intellectual Germany has not for years been so torn asunder as at the present moment over the action of the city of Breslau in banning Gerhart Hauptmann's epic cen- tenary drama on the ground of its alleged unpatriotic tendencies," to quote a special despatch to the New York "Times." The despatch goes on to state that the play was taken off at the instance of the Crown Prince, and that the country " is fairly divided into Hauptmann and anti-Hauptmann camps." Their charges and counter-charges fill the press, dominate private conver- sation, and are so all-pervasive that they have already obliterated the jubilee memories. Among the fall publications of the Yale University Press already approved by the University Council's Committee on publications are the following: "Life and Letters of Nathan Smith," edited by Emily A. Smith; "The Evolution of Modern Medicine," by Sir William Osier; "Earth Hunger and Other Essays," by William Graham Sumner; "From the Letter Files of William Samuel Johnson," edited by Elizabeth A. Osborne; "Trade Morals, their Origin, Growth, and Province," by Edward Page; "The Ethics of Public Service," by Henry Crosby Emery; "Yale Readings in Insurance," edited by the late Lester W. Zartman, Ph.D., revised, 1913] 59 THE DIAL with additions, by William H. Price, Ph.D.; "Catalogue of Early Printed Books Given to Yale University Library in 1894 by William Loring Andrews, M.A."; "Lec- tures," by the Rev. Charles Parkhurst. The first volume of the Bibliography of Modern En- glish History, the compilation of which was undertaken by a joint committee of the American and British Historical Associations, is now nearly ready. The work will continue Gross's " Sources and Literature of English History to the Middle Ages," compiling the material from the Middle Ages to the present time. The chairman of the English committee is Dr. G. W. Proth, editor of " The Quarterly Review," and the chairman of the American committee is Professor Edward P. Cheyuey, author of "A Short History of England." List of New Books. [The following list, containing 84 titles, includes books received 6y The Dial since its last issue.] BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES. All the Days of My Llfei An Autobiography, The Red Leaves of a Human Heart. By Amelia E. Barr. Illustrated, large 8vo, 528 pages. D. Ap- pleton & Co. $3.50 net. . The Life of John Bright. By George Macaulay Trevelyan. Illustrated In photogravure, etc., 8vo, 480 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $4.50 net James S. Wadaworth of Geneaeo, Brevet Major-Gen- era 1 of United States Volunteers. By Henry Greenleaf Pearson. Illustrated In photogravure, etc., large 8vo, 321 pages. Charles Scrlbner's Sons. $4. net. Lawrence. By Sir Walter Armstrong. Illustrated In photogravure, etc., large 8vo, 199 pages. Charles Scrlbner's Sons. Tachudli The Harpsichord Maker. By William Dale. Illustrated In photogravure, etc., 8vo, 82 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2.50 net Journal of Jasper Danckaerta, 1678-1680. Edited by Bartlett Burleigh James, Ph. D., and J. Franklin Jameson, LL, D. Illustrated, 8vo, 313 pages. Charles Scrlbner's Sons. $3. net. The Youth of Goethe. By P. Hume Brown, LL D. 8vo, 304 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2.50 net Rival French Courtai The Experiences of a Lady- in-Waiting at Sceaux, at Versailles, and In the Bastille. By S. H. Lombardlni. Illustrated, Svo, 256 pages. Macmlllan Co. $2.50 net. Men Around the Kaiser: Makers of Modern Ger- many. By Frederic William Wile. Illustrated, 12mo, 279 pages. J. B. Lipplncott Co. $1.50 net William Erneat Henley. By L Cope Cornford. With portrait, 16mo, 109 pages. "Modern Biographies." Houghton Mifflin Co. 75 cts. net. HISTORY. Mexico, the Land of Unrest: Being an Account of What Produced the Outbreak In 1910, together with the Story of the Revolutions down to This Day. By Henry Baerlein. Illustrated, 8vo, 461 pages. J. B. Lipplncott Co. $3.75 net. Burma under British Rule. By Joseph Dautremer; translated, with Introduction, by Sir George Scott. Illustrated, 8vo, 391 pages. Charles Scrlb- ner's Sons. $3.75 net. The Truth about Home Rule. By Pembroke Wicks, LL B.; with Preface by Edward Carson, M. P. Illustrated, 12mo, 313 pages. Small, Maynard & Co. $1.25 net Imperial Archltectai Being an Account of Proposals in the Direction of a Closer Imperial Union. By Alfred Leroy Burt; with Introduction by H. E. Egerton, M. A. 12mo, 228 pages. Oxford: B. H. Blackwell. GENERAL LITERATURE. Anniversary Papera. By colleagues and pupils of George Lyman Kittredge, presented on the com- pletion of his twenty-fifth year of teaching in Harvard University. With photogravure por- trait, 4to, 462 pages. Ginn & Co. $5. net. A Selection from Goldwin Smith'* Correspondence t Comprising Letters Chiefly to and from his Eng- lish Friends, Written between the Years 1846 and 1910. Collected by Arnold Haultaln. Illustrated, Svo, 540 pages. Duffleld & Co. Volcea of To-morrow: Critical Studies of the New Spirit in Literature. By Edwin Bjorkman. 12mo, 32S pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $1.50 net. Dante and Aqnlnaai Being the Substance of the Jowett Lectures of 1911. By Philip H. Wick- steed. 12mo, 271 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2. net Five Centuries of English Veraei Impressions. By William Stebblng. New and cheaper edition; In 2 volumes, 12mo. Oxford University Press. Humour of the North. Selected and arranged by Lawrence J. Burpee. 18mo, 104 pages. Toronto: Musson Book Co. 50 cts. net DRAMA AND VERSE. Plays of Old Japan i The "No." By Marie C. Stopes; with translations of the dramas by M. C. Stopes and Jojl Sakural, and Preface by Baron Kato. Illustrated in color, etc., 12mo, 102 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.76 net. The Divine Glftt A Play In Three Acts. By Henry Arthur Jones. With photogravure portrait, 12mo, 178 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1. net Jacob Lelsleri A Play of Old New York. By Wil- liam O. Bates; with Introductory Note by Mrs. Schuyler Van Rensselaer. With frontispiece, 12mo, 248 pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $1.50 net The Sail Which Hath Passed, and Other Poems. By George Kllngle. 12mo, 114 pages. Sherman, French & Co. $1. net. England's Garland. By George Bartram. 12mo, 80 pages. Macmlllan Co. 80 cts. net The Inner Garden i A Book of Verse. By Horace Holley. 12mo, 133 pages. Sherman, French & Co. $1. net. Poems. By Constable Anderson. With portrait 12mo, 179 pages. Kilmarnock: The Standard Press. The Bugle of Right i What the Old Flag Said, and Other Poems of the New Patriotism. By Alphon- so Alva Hopkins. With portrait, 12mo, 131 pages. Funk & Wagnalls Co. $1. net. Prince Charming! A Play. By W. B. Ewer. Second edition; with portrait, 12mo, 48 pages. Middle- town: Hanford & Horton Co. Paper. The Unworthy Pact. By Dorothea Gerard. 12mo, 312 pages. London: Stanley Paul & Co. The Stranger. By A. C. Farquharson. 12mo, 170 pages. Oxford: B. H. Blackwell. NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE. The Fall of Troy. By Qulntus Smyrnseus; trans- lated by Arthur S. Way, D. Lit. 12mo. "Loeb Classical Library." Macmillan Co. $1.50 net. Roman Farm Management: The Treatises of Cato and Varro. Done Into English, with Notes of Modern Instances, by a Virginia Farmer. 8vo, 365 pages. Macmlllan Co. $2. net. Words worth t Poems in Two Volumes, 1807. 16mo, 352 pages. Oxford University Press. The English Poems of John Milton ■ From the Edi- tion of H. C. Beeching, D.D. 16mo, 488 pages. "World's Classics." Oxford University Press. 35 cts. net. Works of Gilbert Parker, Imperial Edition, Volumes XV. and XVI., The Weavers, a Tale of England and Egypt of Fifty Years Ago. Each with pho- togravure frontispiece, 8vo. Charles Scrlbner's Sons. Per volume, $2. net. (Sold only by sub- scription.) 60 [July 16 THE DIAL, FICTION. The Open Window. By E. Temple Thurston. Illus- trated. 12mo, 323 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.35 net. The Sonthernen A Romance of the Real Lincoln. By Thomas Dixon. Illustrated, 12mo, 544 pages. D. Appleton & Co. 11.35 net. A Prisoner In Fairyland (The Book that "Uncle Paul" Wrote). By Algernon Blackwood. 12mo, 506 pages. Macmlllan Co. $1.35 net. O Pioneers! By Wllla Slbert Cather. With frontis- piece, 12mo, 309 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25 net. The White Quiver. By Helen FltzGerald Sanders. Illustrated, 12mo, 344 pages. Duffleld & Co. $1.25 net. The Ffolllots of Redmarley. By L Allen Harker. 12mo, 386 pages. Charles Scrlbner's Sons. $1.25 net. The Friendly Enemy. By T. P. Cameron Wilson. 12mo, 363 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25 net. From Wheel and Lookout. By Frank T. Bullen. 12mo, 277 pages. J. B. Llppincott Co. $1.25 net. The Hand of Petrarch, and Other Stories. By T. R. Sullivan. 12mo, 340 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.30 net. Toya the Unlike. By Eleanor Mercein Kelly. With frontispiece in color. 12mo, 262 pages. Small, Maynard & Co. $1. net. A Scoot of To-day. By Isabel Hornibrook. Illus- trated in color, etc., 12mo. 290 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1. net. TRAVEL, AND DESCRIPTION. Through Our Unknown Southwest. By Agnes C. Laut. Illustrated, 8vo, 271 pages. McBride, Nast & Co. $2. net. The Stane Street i A Monograph. By Hllalre Bel- loc. Illustrated, 8vo, 304 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2.75 net. Scouts of Emplrei The Story of the Discovery of the Great North-West. By Lawrence J. Burpee. 18mo, 104 pages. Toronto: Musson Book Co. 50 cts. net. The Great Lakes Series. New volumes: The Mo- hawk Valley and Lake Ontario, and Lake Erie and the Story of Commodore Perry, by Edward Payson Morton, Ph.D. Each illustrated, 12mo. Chicago: Alnsworth & Co. Per volume, 25 cts. net. SOCIOLOGY. ECONOMICS. AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS. The Minimum Wage and Syndicalismi An Indepen- dent Survey of the two Latest Movements Af- fecting American Labor. By James Boyle. 12mo, 136 pages. Stewart & Kldd Co. $1. net. The Primitive Family an an Educational Agency. By Arthur James Todd, Ph.D. 8vo, 251 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.75 net. Free Trade vs. Protection. By Amasa M. Eaton, A.M. 12mo, 297 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1. net. Women In Trade-Unions In San Francisco. By Lil- lian Ruth Matthews. Large 8vo, 100 pages. Berkeley: University of California Press. $1. net. The Lawyer! Our Old-Man-of-the-Sea. By Wil- liam Durran; with Foreword by Robert F. Ful- ton, LLD. 8vo, 561 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2.75 net. The Government of American Trade Unions. By Theodore W. Glocker, Ph.D. 8vo, 242 pages. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. ART. ARCHITECTURE, AND MUSIC. The Conception of Art. By Henry Rankin Poore. Illustrated, large 8vo, 222 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. $2. net. Chamber Music: A Treatise for Students. By Thomas F. Dunhill. 8vo, 311 pages. Macmlllan Co. $3.25 net. Old Houses in Holland) Text and illustrations by Sydney R. Jones, with additional plates In color after other artists, edited by Charles Holme. 4to, 162 pages. "International Studio." John Lane Co. Paper, $3. net. How to Judge Pictures. By Margaret Thomas. Sec- ond edition; illustrated, 12mo, 190 pages. J. B. Llppincott Co. 60 cts. net. RELIGION AND THEOLOGY. The Christian Tradition and Its Verification. By T. R. Glover. 12mo, 229 pages. Macmlllan Co. $1.25 net. The Religious Life of the Anglo-Saxon Race. By M. V. B. Knox. 8vo, 536 pages. Sherman, French & Co. $2. net. Reminiscences, Sermons, and Correspondence! Proving Adherence to the Principle of Christian Science as Taught by Mary Baker Eddy. By Augusta E. Stetson. Illustrated in photogravure, 12mo, 1200 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $5. net. EDUCATION. The Origin and Ideals of the Modern School. By Francisco Ferrer; translated from the Spanish by Joseph McCabe. With portrait, 12mo, 147 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1. net. Report of the Commissioner of Education for the Year Ended June 30, 1912. In 2 volumes, 8vo. Washington: Government Printing Office. Graded French Method. By William F. Glese, A.M. 12mo, 438 pages. Henry Holt & Co. Macaulay's Essays on Oliver Goldsmith, Frederic the Great, and Madame D'Arblay. Edited for school use by Alphonso G. Newcomer. 16mo, 262 pages. "Lake English Classics." Scott, Foresman & Co. 30 cts. net. Schatzkastleln des rhelnischen Hausfreundes. Von J. P. Hebel. Edited, with Notes and Vocabulary, by Menco Stern. Illustrated in color, etc., 16mo, 179 pages. American Book Co. Foe's Raven, Longfellow's Courtship of Miles Standlsh, and Whlttler's Snowbound. Edited, with Introduction, Notes, and Questions, by Charles Elbert Rhodes, A.M. 16mo, 166 pages. A. S. Barnes Co. German for Beginners. By E. Prokosch, Ph.D. 12mo, 336 pages. Henry Holt & Co. BOOKS OF REFERENCE. Scottish Heraldry Made Easy. By G. Harvey John- ston. Illustrated In color, etc., 12mo, 221 pages. Charles Scrlbner's Sons. $2. net. A Guide to the Best Fiction In English. By Ernest A. Baker, D.Llt. New edition; large 8vo, 813 pages. Macmlllan Co. $6. net. Matter, Form, and Style! A Manual of Practice in the Writing of English Composition. ByHardress O'Grady, 12mo, 126 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. 60 cts. net. Everyday Phrases Explained! A Collection of Curi- ous Words and Phrases In Popular Use with Their Meanings and Origins. 16mo, 207 pages. J. B. Llppincott Co. 50 cts. net. MISCELLANEOUS. Irritability! A Physiological Analysis of the Gen- eral Effect of Stimuli in Living Substance. By Max Verworn, Ph.D. Illustrated, large 8vo, 264 pages. Yale University Press. $3.50 net. An Introduction to Philosophy. By Orlln Ottman Fletcher. 12mo, 420 pages. Macmlllan Co. $1.60 net. The Adventures of a Newspaper Man. By Frank DUnot. 12mo, 315 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2. net. The Hardy Flower Book. By E. H. Jenkins; edited by F. W. Harvey. Illustrated in color, etc., 8vo, 143 pages. Charles Scrlbner's Sons. $1. net. The Heart and Blood-Vessels i Their Care and Cure and the General Management of the Body. By I. H. Hirschfeld. M.D. 12mo, 336 pages. Funk & Wagnalls Co. $1.25 net. Calm Yourself. By George Lincoln Walton, M.D. 16mn, 4 6 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. 50 cts. set. Modern Golf. By Harold H. Hilton. Illustrated, 16mo, 140 pages. Outing Publishing Co. 70 cts. net. THE DIAL a j&emt'fSlorttfjIg Journal of Ei'terarg CCn'ttctam, Btscussiort, ant Enformatfon. 77/E 7)/^£ (founded in 1880J is published on the 1st and 16th of each month. Terms of Subscription, 82. a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United Slates and Mexico; Foreign and Canadian postage 50 cents per year extra. R kmitta nces should be by check, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub- scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription is desired. Advertising Rates furnished on application. All com- munications should be addressed to THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. Entered as Second-Class Hatter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act ot Much 3,1879. Nc. 651. AUGUST 1, 1913. Vol. LV. Contents. PAGE ROBERT BRIDGES, POET LAUREATE .... 69 CASUAL COMMENT 71 The fiction month. — The loss of a priceless manu- script. — The proposed Legislative Drafting Bureau in the Library of Congress. — Vest pocket libraries. — The man of a hundred books. — An old review under new editorship. — The fascination of the fol- der. — The latest addition to the Index Expurgato- rius. — A premium upon illiteracy. — The novelist in quest of his material. — Provision for the literary needs of Australian sailors. — A re-interpretation of the classics. COMMUNICATIONS 74 A Plan for English Translations of Scandinavian Writers. Aksel G. S. Josephson. Literature as a Substitute for Life. Robert J. Shores. The Widener Library and the Harvard "Yard." Erving Winslow. THE CROWDED LIFE OF A WOMAN OF LET- TERS. Percy F. Bicinell 76 THE MYSTERY OF DREAMS. Horace II. KalUn . 78 THE PLAYBOY OF AMERICAN CRITICS. Thomas Percival Beyer 80 THE BORGIA HORRORS AGAIN. Roy Temple House 82 THE ENGLISH EPIC. Herbert E. Cory 83 BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 87 The Constitution economically interpreted. — Royal masques in the days of James I. — A half-forgotten hero of the Civil War. — Hard-won convictions of spiritual realities. — Manners and morals in the eighteenth century. — Before the palette and behind the footlightB. — English life and manners in the eighteenth century.—A Jesuit on the hero of Lepanto. —Ravenna: its greatness and its beauty. —Rhapso- dies on Italian cities.—Cross views of many subjects. BRIEFER MENTION 90 NOTES 91 TOPICS IN AUGUST PERIODICALS 92 LIST OF NEW BOOKS 92 ROBERT BRIDGES, POET LAUREATE. Two months ago, speaking of the English poets upon whose brows the laurel might con- ceivably be set, we referred to Dr. Robert Bridges as one living apart " in a world of his own creation," and therefore probably to be passed by in favor of someone more likely to be adjudged fit for the laureateship in its patri- otic or ceremonial aspect. So high a concep- tion of the office as would be embodied in the appointment of Dr. Bridges we had not thought likely to be entertained by the existing English government, intensely preoccupied as it is with the very practical work of destroying the foun- dations of the English constitution, and setting the ship of state adrift upon uncharted perilous seas. We had not taken sufficient account of the fact that Mr. Asquith is a gentleman of culture and refined judgment, besides being a statesman committed by circumstance to a detestable political policy, and so we were sur- prised as well as delighted when it became known that he had made so admirable a choice. For it is the simple truth that no English poet now living carries on the great tradition of En- glish song, as previously upheld by Wordsworth and Tennyson, with a finer sense of the poet's mission in a blatant age than does this modest man of science and accomplished classical scholar. We call him "Dr. Bridges" because it is only courteous to give a man the title to which professional distinction entitles him. For this there is honorable literary precedent in the cases of Dr. Thomas Browne and Dr. Samuel John- son, of Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes and Dr. Weir Mitchell. We notice, however, that cer- tain recent comment has used the title of Dr. Bridges for purposes of malicious emphasis, and as indicative of a sort of veiled resentment of the choice of a poet so little known to the average reader, and so serenely unconcerned with the issues upon which a poet, to secure popularity, must now make his appeal to the general public. For the new laureate is neither spectacular nor freakish; he does not beat the big drum of the jingo, nor does he seek to make capital out of whatever form of sentimentalism happens to be 70 [August 1 THE DIAL current. He is not a poet of imperialism or of democracy; he is neither a society poet nor a slum poet; he is simply an artist whose guiding spirit is aestheticism and whose work is con- ceived sub specie ceternitatis. He writes of the enduring themes in the enduring manner, which of course invites the attack of horny-eyed phil- istines everywhere, and earns him the titles of old fogy and conservative and exploiter of old- world themes in outworn forms of expression. The pbilistine view of his appointment is voiced in such a paragraph as this, taken from a recent Chicago newspaper: "Had Mr. Bridges been able to cast in his lot with the daring young poets who assail society in behalf of the under men, who argue for new forms of pageantry in which the beaten down men shall carry their banners in the procession, the honor now sug- gested for him must necessarily have passed him by." We are invited nowadays to accept as poetry so much crude didacticism and unlicensed experimentation that we are in danger of for- getting what poetry is and under what severe restraints the true poet is bound to labor at his creative task. The old idea of the laureateship has been so completely set aside during the incumbency of Wordsworth and Tennyson that we find it diffi- cult to realize that these " Bon Gaultier " verses of seventy years ago truthfully expressed it. "Who would not be The laureate bold, With his butt of sherry To keep him merry, And nothing to do but pocket his gold." "Oh, that would be the post for me, With plenty to get, and nothing to do, But to deck a pet poodle with ribbons of blue, And whistle a tune to the Queen's cockatoo, And scribble of verses remarkably few." The better modern idea of the office was that of Queen Victoria, who regarded it "as the official recognition of a distinguished poet, suffi- ciently susceptible to the form and pressure of the time to be proclaimed without absurdity as its poetical interpreter." We quote from "The Saturday Review," which goes on to say: "It is not now a Laureate's business to celebrate his time. All we require for the office is a poet conspicuously distinguished among his fellows upon whom an official decoration will not inde- corously sit." Dr. Bridges answers almost perfectly to this requirement. In his selection the choice lay between the abiding elements of beauty in the poetic art and those ephemeral characteristics which the fashion of the day or the caprices of popular taste may emphasize, and the choice has fallen upon a poet of the right type, even if not upon a poet of the rank of his immediate predecessors. One of the loveliest poems that Dr. Bridges has written is "Nightingales." "Beautiful must be the mountains whence ye come, And bright in the fruitful valleys the streams, where- from Ye learn your song: Where are those starry woods? O might I wander there, Among the flowers, which in that heavenly air Bloom the year long! "Nay, barren are those mountains and spent the streams: Our song is the voice of desire, that haunts our dreams, A throe of the heart Whose pining visions dim, forbidden hopes profound, No dying cadence nor long sigh can sound, For all our art. "Alone, aloud in the raptured ear of men We pour our dark nocturnal secret; and then, As night is withdrawn From these sweet-springing meads and bursting boughs of May, Dream, while the innumerable choir of day Welcome the dawn." The subtle cadences and the haunting music of this lyric are the predominant qualities in this poet's artistry. They express at once his high creative gift, his exact knowledge of metrics, and his nice philological scholarship. Of his equipment on the side of science, his prose writ- ings give ample evidence,—the introduction to his edition of Keats, for example, or his paper "On the Present State of English Pronuncia- tion." It is on the strength of the last-named paper that the shifty spelling reformers have claimed Dr. Bridges for their own. It is true that he here advocates a phonetic alphabet, but it is true also that he says that "phonetic spelling is full of horrors," and he would certainly re- gard such abortions as "thru " and "program" as typically horrible. For his purpose is to save English speech from the degradation of pronunciation which it is generally suffering in the centres of population, and which such dread- ful perversities as the two just cited abet and encourage. His guiding principle is that we should fix our spelling "as we judge words should be pronounced, and not as we foresee or guess they are coming to be pronounced in the normal process of unimpeded degradation." If the spelling deformers would but try to save or restore the phonetic values that we have lost 1913] 71 THE DIAL or are in danger of losing, there would be much to be said for them. But their attitude is to accept degradation as a fait accompli, and so they ask us to write " fixt "for "fixed," although the sound of the " d " has by no means vanished from the speech of careful persons. The ten- dency which is causing unaccented vowels to lose their distinctive character, so that "to" and "for" and "the " and "sublime " and "above" become "ter" and "fer" and "ther" and "serblime" and "erbove" is the danger with which Dr. Bridges is chiefly concerned, and in this connection he relates an amusing anecdote of a hospital patient whose bed-card indicated that his medicine was to be taken three times a day, and who, reading the awful words ter die, "whipped out of bed, and fled for his life, to add, no doubt, a new tale to the terrers of the hospital." If the simplified spellers can extract comfort from such advocacy as this, they are welcome to it. Those whom jealousy on behalf of the muse may make apprehensive lest the new laureate give to medicine what should belong to poetry may be reminded that Dr. Bridges retired from the practice of his profession more than thirty years ago, and has been exclusively a man of letters ever since. He has not sought for pop- ularity, and many of his poems, privately printed, have not come within the reach of the larger public. The Oxford University Press has, however, recently published a selected vol- ume of his lyrics. His longer poems include "The Growth of Love," " Prometheus the Fire- giver," "Eros and Psyche," and eight classical plays. One of the most sympathetic criticisms of his work is that found in the "Studies in Seven Arts" of Mr. Arthur Symons. The fol- lowing paragraph is this critic's summing up of the essential qualities of the poet: "Here is an artist so scrupulous that beauty itself must come only in sober apparel, joy only walking tem- perately, sorrow without the private disfiguring of tears. Made, as it is, out of what might be the com- monplace, if it were not the most select thing in the world; written, as it is, with a deliberateness which might be cold, if it were not at that quiet heat in which rapture is no longer astonished at itself; realizing, as it does, Coleridge's requirement that poetry in its higher and purer sense should demand continuous admiration, not regular recurrence of conscious surprise; this poe- try, more than almost any in English, is art for art's sake; and it shows, better certainly than any other, how that formula saves from excess, rather than induces to it. So evenly are form and substance set over against each other that it might be said, with as much or as little justice, that everything exists, for form, or that nothing is sacrificed to it." CASUAL COMMENT. Tuk fiction month in the magazine world is August, a vacation month very well adapted to the sort of recreation found in reading stories, especially short stories. It was twenty-four years ago that the first fiction number made its appearance in that memorable issue of "Scribner's Magazine" (as its publishers now take pleasure in reminding us) which contained Mr. Harrison Robertson's "How the Derby Was Won," Mr. T. R. Sullivan's "The Rock of BeYanger," Mr. John R. Spears's "The Story of a Lost Car," Professor Boyesen's "The Two Mol- lies," and Miss Margaret Crosby's "The Copeland Collection." This year brings us, in the same magazine's fiction number, a characteristic story by the new Ambassador to Italy, " George's Baptism," which, like "Marse Chan," presents the ever amus- ing and likable Southern darky as no one better than Mr. Thomas Nelson Page knows how to depict him. Other stories by popular authors in the same issue are "The Old Order Changes," "The Mean PiRayte," "Wood-Ladies," "The Pagan," "The Bird in the Bush," and "Sonnie-Boy's People." This month of August is the right time for quoting from "The Newarker" — that eminently quotable "house organ," as it calls itself, of the Newark Public Library—the following defence of fiction- reading: "Almost all the men who work as if they liked it, who move quickly, who use their brains and have brains to use, and who get things done, are fond of reading novels. I conclude from this that the story-teller has always had the attention of the wise men of his generation —just as he has their attention now. I also conclude that the writer of novels to-day is as little harmful and as greatly cheering and helpful to vigorous and competent workers to-day as was the story-teller in generations past. Some find the romance too strong for their blood ; but this argues nothing against the excellence of romance. Let the weak refrain from taking that which does not fit their constitutions, and let them leave to all others their choice of books." The closing words recall Darwin's professed inability to read novels because they excited him nndnly and interfered with the calm and regular prosecution of his proper work; also Mrs. Howe's way of stopping the reading aloud of a too-harrowing story in her home circle, and her exclamation, " It is too dread- ful, I cannot bear it!" We are reminded also of a very busy and energetic worker by day who relaxes the tension at night with allopathic doses of fiction of the most sensational character — " garbage" he calls it, in good-natured derision. • • • The loss of a priceless manuscript forms the subject of a Lincoln anecdote that is being told in this semi-centennial year of the great Gettysburg fight, and is especially worthy of repeating since the recent reproduction in a New York journal of what was alleged to be the original draft of the 72 [August 1 THE DIAL famous address, one of the elassics of American lit- erature, delivered by Lincoln on the field of Gettys- burg. This reproduction, showing the White House stationery, clashes violently with the familiar tradi- tion that the speech was scribbled in haste on the back of an old envelope, while the speaker was on his way to the scene of its delivery; but the discrep- ancy is explained by a son of the late Horatio King of New York. He says that in 1897 he went with his father to call upon Andrew G. Curtin, the old war governor of Pennsylvania, and that Governor Curtin told them of his having been one of the party that accompanied Lincoln to Gettysburg, and that on the journey the President asked him if he had any writing paper. To this the other answered that he had not, but offered him several addressed envelopes, which he cut open in order to make more writing space. Lincoln took them and withdrew to a separate seat, where he busied himself with his pencil, but returned to Curtin just before Gettysburg was reached, and, handing the scraps of paper to his obliging friend, asked him to have a clean copy made of what he had written. This was done at a hotel, and the transcript handed to Lincoln, after which, as Governor Curtin expressed it, "like a d d fool I threw the slips away. They would be priceless now." Mr. King offers the explanation that Lincoln had probably left his original manu- script behind him by mistake and wrote the penciled draft from memory. Another possible explanation would be that he wrote out the White House copy after the delivery of the speech. A careful com- parison of the address as delivered and reported with this still extant copy in Lincoln's hand has of course long ago been made, and the findings of this examination might perhaps be turned to account in throwing some light on the question in dispute. The proposed Legislative Drafting Bureau in the Library of Congress ought to be of great service in securing greater simplicity and uniformity and consistency in the bills introduced into the two houses of our national legislature. The defeat of so useful a measure is hardly conceivable, although the unexpected opposition encountered in the Senate illustrates once more that august body's fondness for silly and senseless obstruction. One of the con- script fathers has even felt it his duty to rise in his place and denounce the bill as "the most astonishing piece of legislation I have ever heard proposed in this body." The mere drafting of bills, as Senator Root explained in introducing the measure, would not be the only or most important function of the proposed bureau. This bureau would hunt up and digest all literature in the Library pertaining to the bill in hand. "The fundamental idea" of the so-called Owen act for establishing the bureau, Mr. Root made clear, "is to give the benefit of a trained, experienced student in the preparation of bills; not to take a bill after it has been passed upon, but to perform the function which is now performed to great advantage by the officers who are called counsel in the British House of Commons. The idea is to have a more or less permanent officer who is familiar with existing legislation and with the decisions of the courts, who can take a measure that has been drafted with the slender opportunity for examination and research which we have here, and see how it fits into the existing laws of the coun- try and what its effect will be under the existing decisions of the courts, and suggest better, clearer, more unambiguous, and more effective forms of expression." This is no leap in the dark, such as might inspire excusable terror in a timid Senate; it is something that has already been tried in several of the State legislatures, if we mistake not—notably in that of Wisconsin. Vest pocket libraries seem to be rendered pos- sible by Dr. Francois Dussaud's invention of "cold light," as described by him in "Harper's Magazine" for July. A light that is more economic of electric energy than the ordinary incandescent burner is produced by making the pulsations or waves inter- mittent instead of continuous, thus greatly reducing the radiation of heat without diminution of light. Heat being thus largely eliminated, a greater con- centration of light on the inflammable celluloid film used in photography is made possible; and the celluloid negative of a book-page, for instance, can be of almost microscopic dimensions and still easily thrown onto a screen in such size as to be readable. A year's issue of Figaro, says the inventor, can be packed away in negatives occupying no more space than a match; and the volumes for a quarter of a century can thus be put into a cigarette-case. A dozen large books could be photgraphed easily and cheaply, page after page on a continuous film, and the negatives tucked into the vest-pocket without making it bulge uncomfortably, whereas a dozen men would be required to carry the same number of glass negatives. Certain European libraries, says Dr. Dussaud, have already made arrangements for the exchange of rare volumes in this way, in pho- tographic facsimile. Both the photographing and the reproducing apparatus appear to be inexpensive, of small bulk, and easily managed. May it not be that we have here a solution of the problem with which libraries are now confronted in the portentous accumulation of the increasingly enormous product of the printing-press? One seems to hear the groaning bookshelves utter a sigh of expectant relief at this prospect of vest-pocket libraries in the near future. • • • The man of a hundred books, carefully selected and thoughtfully read, is a well-educated man. So said Mr. Philander Claxton, United States Commis- sioner of Education, at the recent annual conference of American educators at Salt Lake City. This was at the joint session of the library and rural schools departments of the National Educational Associ- ation, at which the subject for discussion was "The Library in its Relation to the Rural Community." Commissioner Claxton declared literature to be the 1913] 78 THE DIAL most important of all school subjects, and then as- serted that whoever will read thoughtfully four good books a year will be well educated when he has read one hundred. Such persons are invaluable to their respective communities, they are open to progress, and they have windows in their souls. Mr. Claxton made an eloquent plea for the county library system. He stated that of the thirty-five hundred counties in the United States, twenty-two hundred have no library of five thousand volumes. Notable also was the address of Mr. Ole Rice, State Library Clerk of Wisconsin, who gave some interesting information about rural school libraries in his State. Teachers are required to pass an examination showing their understanding of such principles of library science and the use of books as will enable them to direct the reading of their pupils—a branch of the teacher's equipment which Mr. Rice considers more important than algebra. In speaking of the selection of books for children, he incidentally exposed one fault in the ordinary story of school life: the scene is commonly laid in a boarding-school, not in the public school, and thus a desire to leave home is often unwisely planted in the public school pupil's breast. Herein may lie a valuable hint to the writer of juvenile fiction. ... An old review under new editorship some- times takes a fresh lease of life with the changed conditions, and sometimes does not. What will be the result of the reorganization of "The Saturday Review," which is to go into effect at the end of August, remains to be seen. Mr. Harold Hodge, its editor for fourteen years past, is to yield his chair to the chief proprietor, the Hon. Gervase Beckett, M.F., who will be assisted by Mr. George A. B. Dewar as literary editor. Famous from the begin- ning for its addiction to caustic comment and un- sparing criticism — one might appropriately call it "The Saturday Slasher," in view of the tone of its book-reviews — this well-known London weekly has in its time enlisted the services of many of England's best writers. Freeman's excoriations of certain un- lucky authors made lively reading in the good old days; Leslie Stephen also wrote frequently for the paper; and J. R. Green contributed some admirable sketches of historic towns, and many other articles of value. The present political situation in England is thought to offer the "Saturday" a rare oppor- tunity to recover much of its lost prestige. ... The fascination of the folder, glowingly descriptive of some railway route or steamboat line or summer resort, and lavishly illustrated with the most captivating scenes,— a mountain landscape, the broad piazza of a palatial seaside hotel, the hand- somely upholstered interior of a Pullman palace car, the incredible vastness of a steamboat dining-room, or the voluptuous comfort of the same vessel's private suites of rooms, — would be irresistible were it not that each fresh one coming to hand seems more allur- ing, more full of promise, than the last, so that, after the manner of Buridan's ass, only more harassed by conflicting desires than that poor beast, one balances the equiponderant attractions of mountain and sea- shore, or of grandly scenic railroad route and softly seductive sea voyage, and perhaps ends by staying at home and confining one's summer travel to an arm-chair perusal of half a hundred of these artistically-made publications of the transportation companies and the hotel men. As it is a common experience to meet a man who, one feels sure, can- not possibly be as wise as he looks, so one is haunted by a doubt whether any of these beautifully-depicted routes of travel and resorts of wealth and leisure can be in reality what they seem in printed appearance. Better, perhaps, not to dispel the illusion. Better to let Elmwood Heights or Sunset Lake or Idyl Island remain in the mind's eye the perfect para- dise it purports to be than to risk the disenchantment of actuality. Thus the folder becomes harmless lit- erature to him who has wisdom and restraint, its seductions seduce only in imagination, and t>ne watches with interest each season its developing charms, its more artfully paraded attractions and allurements. . . . The latest addition to the Index Expurga- torius is that spirited romance of Elizabethan times and Elizabethan mariners, "Westward Ho!" The school committee of Boston has held earnest debate over Kingsley's masterpiece and decreed that it shall be dropped from the supplementary reading list of the Boston high schools because, as we gather, the author's treatment of the religious controversies of the time is likely to cause offense. Undoubtedly there is much with which readers of certain preju- dices and upbringing might disagree in the Anglican writer's earnest utterance on certain points over which men have argued and fought for centuries; but what romance-hungry young reader is going to let that fact spoil the story for him or her? The condemned passages are more than likely to be skipped in any case, or to be hurried over with no thought but for the progress of the fortunes of Amyas Leigh. Truly, if Kingsley is dangerous read- ing, we had better confine our youths and maidens to the reading of "Sandford and Morton " and "The Parent's Assistant," and bar their approach to the public library. ... A premium upon illiteracy mightalmost serve as a designation of that provision of the Underwood tariff bill which, now that the Senators have tinkered it to their satisfaction, removes from the free list "books and pamphlets chiefly in languages other than English." Stupid and harmful and utterly indefensible as was the original provision for taxing imported English books (with some grudging excep- tions in favor of libraries and schools), this imposing of a duty on non-English books is an imposition indeed. Our last state will be worse than our first if this witless clause becomes a law; for hitherto the advanced student could keep abreast of conti- nental European scholarship in his department with- 74 [August 1 THE DIAL out being fined for his alertness and zeal, and the book-loving immigrant could send home for litera- ture in his native German or Swedish or Hungarian or other language (except English) and rejoice in his exemption from those custom-house formalities and delays and expenses that hamper and exasper- ate the purchaser of foreign books printed in En- glish. The window tax of early times was a senseless attempt to collect a revenue on light and air, bodily necessities, and deserved all the reprobation it re- ceived; but this laying of a duty on the light and air of the soul and intellect bespeaks a density of blockheadedness (to call it nothing worse) that fairly passes conception. The authorship of this masterpiece of solemn stupidity has been intimated in the reports from Washington, but the name shall not here be held up to ridicule and infamy. It is to be hoped that early legislative or executive action will save that name from going down to posterity as a synonym for all that is smallest and stupidest, most reactionary and most injurious, in tariff legislation. The novelist in quest of his material is too often tempted, especially in his beginning years, to go far afield. Ignotum pro magnifico seems to be the actuating principle before the eyes have been opened to the marvel and mystery of the familiar. When one reads in the columns of literary gossip that a certain novelist is going to Transylvania or Mesopotamia to obtain local color for his new book, the thoughtful person's impulse is to advise him to stay at home and try to get his eyes open to the local color that is all about him. But there is a proverb about the eyes of a fool being in the ends of the earth, and our headstrong young novelist would of course refuse to listen to any such well- meant counsel. Let us quote here the words of one veteran novelist, as they may convey a hint as to how he gathers his material for his fiction without journeying to the ends of the earth for it. In a conversation reported very lately by Mr. George Newell Lovejoy for the Springfield "Republican" Mr. Howells says: "I was never very strong bodily; I have always been obliged to use my strength guardedly, so to speak, and yet I have been able to accomplish a great deal. I always endeavor to be systematic in all that I do. I usually pass my after- noons out of doors, walking, meeting people, observ- ing in a natural way all that is to be seen. I never tire walking our busy streets and meeting people of all nationalities. It is all so interesting to me; and, do you know, I regard New York as far more inter- esting as a city than London or Paris. Here is a world in itself, of business activity and progress in all directions." The story-writer's kingdom, like the kingdom of heaven, is probably much nearer home than he at first suspects. • • • Provision for the literary needs of Aus- tralian sailors employed on Australian coasting vessels is made in the navigation act recently passed by the Australian Federal Parliament. Character- istic of the radical and usually highly enlightened legislation of that young commonwealth is the clause requiring all ships licensed for the coasting trade to pay standard Australian wages to the men employed, while in Australian waters, and also to allow them free use of the books in the ship's library unless a separate library has been provided for their benefit. Thus the merchant marine is being educated up to that praiseworthy and doubtless profitable practice of giving the sailor an antidote to the deadly tedium of a life on the ocean wave, which is now observed in the up-to-date navy. Ere long we shall expect to see our library schools offering special courses in marine bib!iothecology, or library science for sea- farers. ... A re-interpretation of the classics, as Mr. Henry Dwight Sedgwick points out in his dialogue on "The Classics Again" in "The Atlantic Monthly" for July, is urged upon us by the issue of "The Loeb Classical Library." In the dialogue referred to, one of the speakers remarks: "My point was that we accept the classics upon a wholly traditional valuation; and I was going to add that one of the great services which Mr. Loeb's classical library renders is that we are morally obliged to look at the classics, so far as possible, with our own eyes and make up our own minds about them. We must take the word classical down from its pedestal and see what it really means." With all the Greek and Latin classics put before us in a uniform edition and accompanied by a page-for-page English translation, the old excuse of rustiness in our ancient languages, or the plea that the Greek and Latin authors are not readily available in satisfactory form, will no longer hold. An authoritative vernacular rendering, with the original on the adjoining page to help one to re- capture at least some flavor of the author's style, is all that could be desired for an intelligent re-reading of our long-neglected Virgil and Homer, Tacitus and Thucydides. In a certain quarter, which need not herebe named, protest has been made against reading the accepted masterpieces of literature simply be- cause they are accounted " classics." Now is the time and the opportunity to determine anew, every reader for himself, whether they deserve that designation. COMMUNICA TIONS. A PLAN FOR ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF SCANDINAVIAN WRITERS. (To the Editor of The Dial.) At its second annual meeting at Rock Island last May, The Society for the Advancement of Scandinavian Study defined the functions of its Committee on Trans- lations as the authorized literary committee of the Society, its members to study old and new English translations of Scandinavian writers and publish the results of such studies. The Committee was also au- thorized to offer the services of its members as special readers of manuscript translations to such publishing houses as are issuing translations of Scandinavian writ- ings: the Society recognizing the inadequacy of most 1913] 75 THE DIAL existing English translations and desiring to cooperate with publishers in raising the standard of such English translations from the Scandinavian as are issued in this country. Publishers wishing to avail themselves of this service should correspond with the undersigned; final arrangements, however, should always be made with the individual member of the committee whose services are desired. The Committee was also asked to make some effort to have new Scandinavian publications adequately re- viewed in American journals. The personnel of the Committee is as follows: Dr. A. LeRoy Andrews, Cornell University; Mr. W. N. C. Carlton, the Newberry Library; Dr. Chester N. Gould, the University of Chicago; Mr. Aksel G. S. Josephson, the John Crerar Library; Dr. L. N. Larson, the Univer- sity of Illinois; and Dr. Henry C. Leach, the American- Scandinavian Foundation. Aksel G. S. Josephson, Chairman of the Committee. 2239 Grterdeaf Ave., Chicago, July SI, 1913. LITERATURE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR LIFE. (To the Editor of The Dial.) Miss Corinne Bacon, head of the Drexel Institute Library School of Philadelphia, I read in a recent issue of The Dial, declares that literature is of little worth as a substitute for life, and asks why it is necessarily a good thing to read at all: "Is there anything sacrosanct about print? Why is it considered a virtue to read?" She further inquires if it would not be a good thing for many of us to deal more with first-hand things and less with second-hand thoughts. She concludes with the remark: "At the best, books are but a substitute for life." To this The Dial replies that one may have both life and literature, but that if it were necessary to choose one should, of course, choose life. This seems to me a feeble answer to a foolish ques- tion. It is impossible to choose literature as a substitute for life. We all must live, however closely we seclude ourselves. What Miss Bacon really means is, that we should learn of life from people rather than from books. Now, in the first place, books are not a substitute for life at all; on the contrary, they are a part, and a very important part, of life. We can learn at first-hand only as much of life as we encounter in personal experience. This knowledge is necessarily limited. If we could know only of those places which we view with our own eyes, most of us would be shockingly deficient in our knowledge of geography. We acquire our knowledge of life exactly as a doctor acquires his knowledge of medicine or surgery,— partly by personal experience or experimentation, but chiefly by making our own the knowledge, the observation, and the experience of others. It is extremely unlikely that I shall ever visit Iceland, yet because others have done so and have recorded that experience in books, I know that Iceland exists. It is quite easy for me to become familiar with many of the physical characteristics of that country, its climate, its geological formation, its waterways, and so on, without going outside of my own door. The same thing is true of its social characteristics. This knowledge may be of great value to me or it may not. One thing is cer- tain: it can do me no harm. It is the same with all others matters of knowledge. Why, asks Miss Bacon, is it considered a virtue to read? It is not considered a virtue to read useless, inaccurate, frivolous, aimless literature; nobody will contend that it is so considered. There is nothing vir- tuous in the mere act of reading, any more than there is anything virtuous in the mere act of guiding a pen across paper. The virtue of reading lies in the desire to learn, just as the virtue of laboring lies in the desire to be useful. To learn is to become efficient; to be effi- cient is to be of use; to be of use is to be virtuous. The very desire to be of use is commendable. To deny this is to deny every principle of Christian or even of civil- ized ethics; nay, of any and all ethics known to man. Stupidity is a misfortune, but torpidity is a crime. To the question whether it would not be better for many of us to deal more with first-hand things and less with second-hand thoughts, I should answer no. There are not many of us who are more concerned with books than with men, and I do not believe the world would be any better if the few who devote themselves to litera- ture were to abandon it. It is well to remember that "Men may be read, as well as books, too much." If our young people were content to learn more from books and less from life, we should not have so many social problems to vex us. The source of most of our present trouble with "the social evil" lies in the fact that so few young people are willing to believe what they are told until they have put it to the test. Literature teaches that vice carries penalties. Life teaches the same les- son; but tuition in the school of experience is high, and of those who insist upon learning in that school there are few who are fortunate enough to graduate with honors. Robert J. Shores. New York City, July SI, 1913. THE WIDENER LIBRARY AND THE HARVARD "YARD." (To the Editor of The Dial.) It seems as though there would have been many voices of wail or of protest from Harvard men all over the country if the conception had been grasped of what the college yard is to look like, when the beautiful but perfectly unassimilable new library building is com- pleted. The effect will approximate that of the olla podrida of Copley Square in Boston, but with no excuse, since authority could have controlled harmony in the Cambridge precincts. The old library building was pretty bad, though familiarized by custom. Since its destruc- tion the ensemble has been much improved, but of course the conditions are short-lived. With the Widener struc- ture, the last state will be worse than the first; while the imagination has had an opportunity to picture what the grouping might be of a sympathetic edifice in the colonial manner that is our birthright,—with University, beautiful Holden, Massachusetts, Stoughton, Mollis, Hol- worthy, and old President's house. What might have been done is demonstrated in the new Freshman dormi- tories but they are a quarter of a mile from the yard. Why should not wealthy givers and devisers be limited in their erections with a living environment, as they are among the dwellings of the dead in well con- ducted cemeteries? In the present instance the donor's architect has been slavishly permitted to inflict upon the eye in the new building a style which is a hemisphere and a thousand years away from its neighbors! It is well that Charles Eliot Norton, whose heart was half-broken by other incongruities, should have been spared this crowning one. Erving Winslow. Ipswich, Mats., July 1H, 1913. 76 [August 1 THE DIAL Uj l«to looks. The Crowded Life of a Woman OF IiETTERS.* Dexterous weaver of fiction though Mrs. Barr is, the loom that produced "Jan Vedder's Wife" and " The Bow of Orange Ribbon" did not reveal its full capacity until the fabric of this popular novelist's real life, rich in color and elaborate in pattern, was given to her readers. "All the Days of My Life," as she names her autobiography, is a book more packed with in- cident and adventure, with strokes of good and ill fortune, with joy and sorrow, love and long- ing, strange coincidences, curious omens and warnings, and a variety of unusual experiences ranging from the comic to the tragic, than any romance that has come from the autobiographer's prolific pen. Especially interesting and signifi- cant are the inner experiences, the spiritual agonies and ecstasies, that have fallen to Mrs. Barr's lot, and that she relates with a noble can- dor and dignity that make them most impressive. When she tells us in her preface that not one of several apparent motives named by her has been the impelling motive in prompting her to write her life-story, and that the real reason must reveal itself to the reader, the inference must be that it is for the sake of its spiritual meaning, i