rn-
ment, spying upon Winbush's secret, he is ignomin-
iously routed, and the fair Gondoline yields to her
elderly wooer. Her essential girlishness and up-to-
date slanginess on the one hand, and his imper-
turbable self-confidence on the other, make the
pursuit and the capture highly diverting. The
climax is inimitable:
"' Come, Gondoline, will you have a husband who is also a
lover, pretty clothes, jewels, theatres, restaurants, travel, all
kinds of good times. Think of the Minarets. Why, you can
be the queen of Brindleaf, if you like. Will you marry me?'
"Gondoline denied him as fiercely as before.
"1 No, no, no!' she cried on a rising scream.


1918]
151
THE DIAL
"As she ottered the third 'no' she rose from her chair
and threw herself into Wiekliff's extended, inviting arms.
"' Oh, Wioky,' she said, as she felt his clasp about her,
'do yon really think we shall ever be happy together?'
"Wickliff answered cheerfully, caressing her:
"' Oh, yes, I think we shall. I'll see to that'"
Miss Beatrice Grimshaw has annexed a new coun-
try to the kingdom of romance, an achievement for
which we should be duly grateful in these days when
the jaded literary palate welcomes anything having
the flavor of novelty. The island continent of New
Guinea is her chosen scene, and she writes of it from
first-hand knowledge and with an unusual power of
vivid realism. Her former novel, "When the Red
Gods Call," was a work of almost brutal power that
made an almost unpleasant impression; its present
successor, "Guinea Gold," has no less force, but is
softened and humanized in its interest, besides hav-
ing a well-developed plot. The hero ie a Belfast
engineer, out to seek his fortune in the gold-field,
and armed with a manuscript, accidentally fallen into
his possession, giving directions for the location of
a gold-bearing reef in the savage wilderness of the
island interior. George Scott takes two men into his
confidence, and together they fit out an expedition,
and are successful in their quest. The enterprise
entails incredible hardships, and the struggle between
man and nature has not often been described with
such thrilling interest. The Papuan native, also, is
made out of an ethnological specimen into a human
being. An infinitely pathetic and alluring figure is
that of Charmian Ducane, more sinned against than
sinning, whose life has been placed under a cloud
by malice and treachery, whom Scott rescues and
loves, and who follows him into the wilderness to
escape her persecutors, and whose death in the
mining-camp turns his exultation to bitterness. The
author is impelled to award her this fate out of con-
sideration for a certain colorless Janie, who is left
awaiting Scott in Belfast, and whose image in his
mind Charmian completely displaces. After Char-
mian's death, we are told that Scott goes back to Bel-
fast with his gold and weds the forgiving Janie, but
we refuse to believe it. The playful savagery of the
Papuans and the physical features of their island
are impressed upon us in unforgettable descriptive
pages, and the white derelicts who people these pages
are given incisive individual characterization. The
book is one in which boys will find their account as
a marvellous story of adventure, and in which older
readers will find enough else of deep human interest
to reward them richly for their pains.
A new story of the Scarlet Pimpernel, that ex-
traordinary adventurer whom the Baroness Orczy
has created for the delectation of lovers of romance,
will find a host of eagerly expectant readers. There
seems to be no sort of a fix from which he cannot
extricate himself, and one is kept guessing how he
will do it (with the comfortable assurance that he
cannot fail) until the end is reached. His exploit
in "El Dorado" is the rescue of the dauphin from
the Temple, which is accomplished with neatness
and despatch. The rescuer gets himself into the
toils, and how he gets himself out of them provides
material for a most exciting narrative. Even the
hackneyed nature of the material does not prevent
the author from contriving a new plot with consid-
erable freshness of interest. The secondary interest
is found in a love-story in which sentimentality
runs riot. William Morton Payne.
Briefs on New Books.
The poet- Late in life, on the very verge of
natwraiut ninety, has the great interpreter of
o/ strignan. jjjg mysteries of insect life, whose
"Souvenirs Entomologiques" are now first fairly
getting themselves read, come into his own. His
jubilee of three years ago was quickly followed by
the long-deferred recognition of his merits as a
writer, his books achieved a greater circulation in
a few months than in all the preceding years, trans-
lations began to appear in other languages, and now
a devoted disciple has prepared a sympathetic and
touching biography of the modest and gifted man
who at last is hailed by the world as "the insect's
Homer." In Dr. C. V. Legros's "Fabre, Poet of
Science" (Century Co.) is presented a faithful
account of that long life of poverty and struggle,
and of passionate devotion to a beloved pursuit, that
had so nearly ended without any adequate recogni-
tion, from outside, of the noteworthy things accom-
plished. In the nick of time the biographer has
secured the cooperation of the aged naturalist in
presenting to the public the vicissitudes of a labori-
ous life of eager study, miserably-paid teaching,
research pursued in the face of all but insuperable
obstacles, and authorship engaged in with the scanti-
est of encouragement from the book-buying public.
The naturalist himself furnishes a short and char-
acteristic preface, and Mr. Bernard Miall translates
the work into English. Admirable is the picture that
the book gives of sturdy independence, disregard of
conventionalities, scorn of worldly honors, genius for
solitude, devotion to an ideal, and power of unre-
mitting toil at an ill-paid task. The name of Jean-
Henri Fabre will stand high in the list of those whose
compelling genius has defied adversity and glori-
ously triumphed. In the richness of his sources of
information the biographer has been fortunate. The
naturalist's "Souvenirs" and correspondence and
other papers have been freely drawn upon, and per-
sonal intercourse with the master has secured many
additional facts of interest and helped to correct a
number of inaccurate reports that had gained cur-
rency. The spirit and style of the work are worthy
of its subject Even in translation its felicities of
manner give delight, as where reference is made
to the veteran entomologist's junior admirers and
friends, — "young people with warm hearts and
smiling imaginations, overflowing with that spring-
time sap of life which makes us so expansive and so


152
[Sept. 1
THE
DIAL
eager to know." A few easily avoidable Gallicisms,
however, are encountered in Mr. Miall's English,
as "sensible" for " sensitive," and such a construc-
tion as " Rembrandt, Teniers, nor Van Ostade never
painted anything more picturesque . . ." In the
last chapter there is some lack of correspondence
between the numbered notes and the numbers in the
text. A portrait from an apparently recent photo-
graph helps to a better acquaintance with the extra-
ordinary and pathetically heroic personality so well
pictured by the biographer's pen — so well because
to the author's well-considered paragraphs there are
added so many revealing passages of the great
naturalist's own writing.
Some fears and many prejudices will
disappear after a careful reading
of "The Jews of To-Day" (Holt),
translated from the German of Dr. Arthur Ruppin
by Miss Margery Bentwich, and introduced to
the English reader by Mr. Joseph Jacobs, Litt.D.
Carefully written from the fullest obtainable knowl-
edge, every aspect of the modern Jew in all
countries finds sympathetic presentation, with well
digested considerations of his value to the world
and his due place in it, now and in the future. It
appears that the single million of Jews in the world
at the close of the Thirty Years' War has now
increased to some twelve millions, of whom two
millions are in this country — half of them in New
York. Dr. Ruppin divides the race into four
classes, the first and largest of which is untouched
by modern culture and keeps itself as a nation
apart; the second holds a higher position econo-
mically, interests itself somewhat in non-Jewish
literature, and modifies slightly the old ritual; the
third includes the Jewish bourgeoisie in Europe
and America, has a smaller birth rate, and keeps
within the faith only in marriage and in occasional
observance of ancient rites; the fourth comprises
rich and university-educated Jews the world over,
who are no longer of the faith and are on the point
of merging themselves with the prevailing elements
of population by marriage and baptism. The num-
bers of each class are roughly estimated, respect-
ively, at six, three, two, and one million. One
reads that "In England and America anti-Semitism
arose because of the great influx of immigrants who
are used to a low standard of living, are content to
work for a low wage and so undercut the wages and
lower the standard of living of the native workman."
Dr. Ruppin says quite frankly: "In social and public
life the Jews are often charged with being presump-
tuous and wanting in tact. This is very often the case
in fact, but the reason is not to be found in their
racial qualities but in the unparalleled rapidity of
their social and economic advance, which naturally
gives rise to this parvenu spirit." For the rest, it is
said that the Jew in all ages has shown remarkable
powers of assimilation with his neighbors, contrary
to the general belief, and that for more than a century
and a half has educated himself away from Jewry
almost as rapidly as his bettering circumstances per-
mitted his withdrawal from the Ghettoes of Europe.
If numbers of his religionists and race rise far above
the average in commerce, philosophy, and the arts,
there are still greater numbers below the average;
so that there is no marked difference, intellectual or
other, between them and their non-Jewish neighbors.
And that the Jew is a valuable factor in civilization,
and in his fuller development a valuable addition to
any population, Dr. Ruppin proves, we think, suc-
cessfully, were these matters requiring proof.
The myticai Miss Evetyn Underbill, whose recent
beginning of work on " Mysticism " is probably the
ChritUmMy. most comprehensive modern study
written from a sympathetic viewpoint, has followed
this with another large book, "The Mystic Way:
A Psychological Study in Christian Origins " (Dut-
ton). Here Miss Underbill is on much more debate-
able ground than in her previous book; for while
the only question to be raised about the former was
whether mystical consciousness really led into a new
realm or whether it was a merely subjective state
with no reference to objective reality, the present
book involves an interpretation of Christianity radi-
cally different from that of the sociologically-minded
investigators who would explain all its early phases
in terms of group struggles and of class antagonisms,
and also from the modern liberal school who put a
moralistic interpretation on the work of Jesus. Miss
Underbill's thesis is that Christianity represents in
its primitive purity a new type of mysticism differ-
ing from the Oriental, the Neoplatonic, and the
Mahomedan. She quotes Professor Leuba to the
effect that the mystic of this dispensation is "one of
the most amazing and profound variations of which
the human race has yet been witness." To make
her thesis good, Miss Underbill has to show that
Jesus himself, Paul, and the unknown author of the
Fourth Gospel were veritable mystics, and that their
records are records of mystical experience which can
be checked up against later and fuller records from
more detailed and verifiable sources. Her task is
necessarily one of conjecture and interpretation, and
its success will depend very largely upon the dis-
position which the Higher Critics are likely to make
of some of her sources. Of course Miss Underhill
takes the Higher Criticism into account, and fully
accepts its findings as to the composition and ages
of the sacred books; but the skeptically-minded
reader will feel, nevertheless, that she is too disposed
to regard as historical the legends which fit the
mystic character she confers upon Jesus. From her
biblical survey, she turns to the early church and to
the evidences of mysticism contained in the Catholic
liturgy. In these it may be granted that the secrets
of the "Mystic Way " are embalmed; but it is the
inevitable irony of mysticism itself that, to the reader
who refused to see in this progress (granting a pro-
gress from Jesus himself to the later mystics)
anything objectively real, Miss Underhill could
make no reply except the invitation to tread the


1913]
153
THE DIA1
mystic way one's self — the very thing that the
skeptic could not do. ,And it mast not he over-
looked that Professor Leuba, whom Miss Ur.derhill
quotes in substantiation of the peculiar character of
the Christian mystic, has himself recently analyzed
those tendencies and laid it down that as soon as
they show themselves in such forms as Miss Under-
bill records they are no longer transcendental mys-
teries but subject to the scientific analysis of the
psychologist. And his own analysis of them leads
him to find in them naught but projections of the
believer's needs.
Wondert of
the tecuhore,
A nature-study book from so experi-
enced a naturalist and writer as Dr.
Charles Wendell Townsend is sure
to be well worth reading. "Sand Dunes and Salt
Marshes" (Estes) represents the fruit of twenty
years' vacation study of the varied phenomena of the
seashore as viewed on the beach and in the marshes
of the Massachusetts coast at Ipswich. Both the
habits of the shifting sands and the characteristics
of the animal and plant life of the vicinity are closely
observed by Dr. Townsend, and his observations are
recorded in a style attractive to general readers and
by no means repellent to the specialist. Scientific
names are relegated to the index, where they appear
in parentheses after the more familiar unscientific
designations. Illustrations, chiefly from the author's
photographs, are supplied to the number of ninety-
four. The twelve chapters of the book treat of the
action of the sand under the impulse of wind and
wave, tracks in the sand, plant life on the dunes,
land birds of the seaside, swallow roosts and swallow
migrations, water birds seen from the dunes, the
harbor seal, salt marshes and their past and future,
birds of the salt marshes, the horseshoe crab and
other denizens of sand and mud, and bird genealogy.
Striking and interesting are the instances given of
rapid changes in seashore topography under the
action of wind and wave. But if one goes a little
further southward from Ipswich and observes the
sport which the wind has with the sands of Cape
Cod, the impression is even more memorable. A
good story with an obvious moral is that of the Coffin
farm, as told by Dr. Townsend. Farmer Coffin, on
his deathbed, bequeathed his estate to his sons, but
bade them never cut off the wood toward the ocean.
Disobedience was followed by the quick submerging
of the fertile acres in wind-blown sand. As an
example of the author's careful note of all things
occurring at the seaside, mention may be made of
his solution of the mystery of grass balls, such as
puzzled Thoreau when he observed them on the
borders of Flint's Pond in Lincoln. He also takes
pains to ascribe the sand-dune spider's tracks to the
male only, for the female abides at home. And
the reptilian origin of birds he finds indicated in the
quadrupedal movements of young herons before they
have learned to fly, and in "the extension of the so-
called thumb or bastard wing in the pigeon and other
birds as they approach their perch." The book
abounds in similar instances of suggestive note and
comment.
Mr. Amasa M. Eaton has brought
th7tariffUt together a wealth of information
regarding the tariff in a small and
readable volume which he calls "Protection vs. Free
Trade" (McClurg). It forms an earnest attempt to
enlighten the American people regarding the gross
impositions that have been practiced upon them under
the name of "protection." The author points out
that free trade between the States of the American
Union and free trade in Great Britain make the
doctrines of Adam Smith and every other political
economist of reputation a fact, and force upon their
opponents the burden of proof to establish protection
as anything more than a disproved theory — espe-
cially in the light of what it has done to the people
of this country. He points out that "free trade,"
wherever spoken of, does not mean the abolition of
custom houses, but the raising of revenue from im-
ports in accordance with the practice in Great Britain
and elsewhere, in such a way as not to confer special
privileges upon natives of the country whose imports
are thus taxed; the term is therefore synonymous
with the phrase, "tariff for revenue only." He
points out the enormous cost of protective tariffs in
comparison with other means of raising governmental
revenue, conferring as they do upon their benefici-
aries a power to tax the people equal to from seven
to twenty times the amount received by government
He quotes the highest constitutional authority to
prove that any bill before Congress which contains
protective features is introduced and passed in open
conflict with the Constitution and in open violation
of the congressman'8 oath to support the organic law.
Without resorting to statistics that might tend to
confuse, he makes the point clear that any pretence
of the need for "protection " passed years and years
ago; placing it as far back as 1812, though there
is abundant authority to show that many industries
still "protected" were self-sustaining before the
Revolutionary War. Generally speaking, he treats
"the American system "with the profound contempt
that it deserves from thinking men; he denounces it
as immoral, antiquated, outgrown, at odds with every
idea of freedom, and the well-spring of inexpressible
and inevitable corruption, and leaves its advocates
on the defensive from the introduction to the close
of his work.
From the
letten of
an eminent
publicist.
In a volume of five hundred and
forty pages are gathered four hun-
dred and twenty-five letters or selec-
tions from letters written by or to the late Goldwin
Smith, and edited by his literary executor, Mr.
Arnold Haultain. Covering the years from 1846
to 1910, they show us the distinguished scholar,
author, journalist, and independent thinker, from
his twenty-third year to within a week of his death.
His earlier correspondence he himself deliberately


154
[Sept. 1
THE
DIAL
destroyed, as also most of that between the years
1846 and 1868; bat, as in the case of the Sibylline
Books, what is now preserved will be all the more
highly prized because of the loss of the rest. And
perhaps we have fully as much as will be read and
digested in these hurried twentieth-century days.
Goldwin Smith belonged to the nineteenth century,
especially to its middle and latter part, as Mr.
Haultain remarks, though on some questions that
closely concern us of to-day he expressed himself
in no uncertain accents. Writing from Toronto to
Mr. Frederic Harrison in the summer of 1902, he
bursts forth: "Martem et Circenses — how they
are trying to befool the people with military excite-
ment and shows! How great, one must sorrowfully
add, has been their success! We have had a very
painful revelation. . . . Things do not look well in
the United States. They are getting more and more
deeply entangled in the Philippines. This may,
however, divert them from expansion southwards,
to which the Isthmian Canal is otherwise likely to
be a lure." It is chiefly with English affairs that
the letters deal, and Englishmen of note make up
the majority of the correspondents. The careful
editorship of the volume deserves more than a pass-
ing word of commendation. In the table of contents
the letters are arranged chronologically, each with
name of writer, name of recipient, date of writing,
and number of page on which it begins. Useful
footnotes are supplied, and a full index of subjects
and personal names completes the book. Four por-
traits, showing Goldwin Smith at different ages, are
interspersed. These letters from his pen heighten
one's opinion—already high — of their writer's
vigor of thought and clearness of vision. Messrs.
Duffield & Co. publish the volume, and it bears the
title, "Goldwin Smith's Correspondence."
Mr. Alexander Irvine's power of
vivid narration is known to all read-
ers of his autobiographic volume,
"From the Bottom Up." A supplement to that
appealing narrative is now offered in "My Lady of
the Chimney Corner" (Century Co.), described in a
prefatory note as "the torn manuscript of the most
beautiful life I ever knew," the life of the author's
mother. Very tenderly and touchingly he tells the
love-story of his parents Jamie Irvine and Anna
Gilmore. "The Gilmores lived on a farm near
Crumlin in County Antrim," and Jamie was a jour-
neyman shoemaker; and, as he afterward expressed
it, "I know'd frum th' minute I clapped eyes on 'er
that she was the finest wuman on God's futstool!"
The two were rich in nothing but love and children,
of whom four died in childhood. Alexander was
the ninth, born with a caul and so destined to have
good luck. When times were especially hard —
and they seem rarely to have been anything else —
Anna would help her husband at his work. "There
were things in cobbling she could do as well as
Jamie. Her defense of doing it in the early hours
of the Sabbath was: 'Sure God lias more important
True love
in County
Antrim.
work to do than sit up late to watch us mend the
boots of the poor; forby it's better to haave y're
boots mended an' go to church than to sit in th'
ashes on Sunday an' swallow the smoke of bad
turf.'" "Aye," Jamie would answer, "it's jist
wondtherful what we can do if we haave th' right
kind ov a conscience!" The simple faith of the
mother, her love for her dear ones, the author's
devotion to her, and all the homely details of their
family and village life, are frankly narrated without
even any changing of proper names, as the writer
assures his readers. The boy's call to become a
preacher and missionary, his return to deliver a lec-
ture on "England in the Soudan " in the only hall
of his native village, his departure for America with
the blessing of the mother he was never to see again
— much of this is at least partly known to those who
have already interested themselves in Mr. Irvine.
His closing account of his going back to Antrim
after fifteen years, and what there befell him, forms
a fitting conclusion to the little history.
stimulating Those of the cynics who are not too
essavoniife cynical will find a book to gloat
and knowledge. over m Mr- William Arkwright's
"Knowledge and Life" (Lane). Unlike most
volumes of essays and sketches, it is not made up
mainly of reprinted matter; only two of the eighteen
titles have previously appeared. The first and the
last, "The Tree of Knowledge" and "The Tree of
Life," are really notable as well as immensely clever.
One of the keenest, wittiest, wisest remarks of our
decade is this: "Again, as 'in prosperity of summer'
the female green-flies, without male assistance, pro-
duce an ephemeral offspring, so from a redundant
curriculum do parthenogenetic writings make their
appearance in greater numbers than those that are
legitimately begotten. Wherefore, doubtless, each
callow aspirant nowadays possesses droves of osten-
tatious phrases, and is waiting for thoughts with
which to fertilize them—only as a rule he tires of
waiting, and rushes into print." Seldom does a sci-
entific analogy so perfectly point literary criticism.
"The Thief," a lampoon on old-time Calvinism,
stabs a thing that perhaps is gasping its last breath,
but which cannot have too many murderers. The
three stories told by an ant, though illustrating a
rather worn method of satire, are nevertheless dis-
tinctive and piquant. The biological pathos of the
last story, told just before the nuptial flight and pre-
destined death, gives the series artistic finish,—
sharpened, it must be said, with some emerystone
from Shavian misogamy. In fact, Woman and the
Church, two fairly old and fairly stable institutions,
come in for repeated thrusts, "The Bambino" being
one of the best ecclesiastical heresies. "An Appre-
ciation" indicates Buddhistic sympathies. "From
an Old Diary" convinces a reader already nearly
persuaded that Mr. Arkwright is a writer of much
polish and skill, who has succeeded in waiting until
some of his fine phrases have been fertilized by
thought.


1913]
155
THE
DIAL
Notes.
"Westways," Dp. S. Weir Mitchell's forthcoming
novel, is a story of country life in Middle Pennsylvania
during the fifties.
"Loiterer's Harvest" is the happy title chosen by
Mr. E. V. Lucas for his new volume of essays, to be
published by the Macmillan Co.
A second series of Mr. W. J. Lawrence's scholarly
work, "The Elizabethan Playhouse and Other Studies,"
is announced by J. B. Lippincott Co.
"The Rise of the Novel: Johnson and his Circle " is
the general subject of the forthcoming tenth volume of
the "Cambridge History of English Literature."
A study of " Beaumont the Dramatist" by Professor
Charles Mills Gayley of the University of California,
is in preparation for autumn publication by the Century
Co.
A collection of Shakespearean studies by Professor
Brander Matthews is announced for early issue by
Messrs. Scribner in a volume entitled "Shakspere as
a Playwright."
Three important literary biographies announced for
autumn publication by the Macmillan Co. are Sir Sidney
Colvin's - Keats," Mr. Francis Watts's " Robert Louis
Stevenson," and the Earl of Lytton's " Bulwer Lytton."
An anthology in a unique field has been made by
Mrs. John Crosby Brown, and will be published by
Messrs. Putnam. The book is a collection of dedicatory
forms used from the early days of bookmaking to the
present time.
"The Poem-Book of the Gael," a volume of transla-
tions from Irish Gaelic poetry into English prose and
verse, as selected and edited by Miss Eleanor Hull, is
an interesting autumn announcement of Messrs. Browne
& Howell Co.
"Our Eternity," by M. Maeterlinck, to be published
this year by Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co. in Mr. Alex-
ander Teixeira de Mattos's authorized translation, is de-
scribed as " an inquiry into the nature of the possibilities
of the hereafter."
Miss Rosa Mayreder's "A Survey of the Woman
Problem," soon to be published by the George H. Doran
Co., has attracted marked attention in the German
original as one of the most radical discussions of the
feminist movement yet written.
"The Power of Ideals in American History," by Pro-
fessor Ephraim D. Adams, is announced by the Yale
University Press. The book is founded on the Dodge
Lectures on the Responsibilities of Citizenship delivered
by the author at Yale last spring.
Three promising volumes of personal reminiscences
on Messrs. Scribner's autumn list are Mrs. John A.
Logan's "Reminiscences of a Soldier's Wife," Senator
Henry Cabot Lodge's " Early Memories," and Admiral
George Dewey's Autobiography.
Lord Alfred Douglas is writing a book on "Oscar
Wilde and Myself." It will deal critically with Wilde's
work; but it will also contain a good deal of informa-
tion, and many anecdotes, sayings, facsimile letters, and
illustrations never before published.
Three novels to be issued almost immediately by the
John C. Winston Co. are "The Man Who Saw Wrong"
by Mr. Jacob Fisher, "Fanny of the Forty Frocks" by
Frances Aymar Mathews, and "The Fate of Felix
Brand" by"Mrs. Florence Finch Kelly.
A region comparatively little known to the tourist,
yet exceptionally interesting and picturesque, is de-
scribed in Miss Virginia W. Johnson's "Two Quaint
Republics: Andorra and San Marino," which Messrs.
Dana Estes & Co. will publish immediately.
Dr. David Starr Jordan's forthcoming volume, " War
and Waste," is described by its publishers as "not an
ethical tirade on the wickedness and the futility of war,
but a hard-headed business discussion of the financial,
moral, and biological wastes that are caused by it."
Some forthcoming volumes of exceptional literary
interest in Messrs. Holt's " Home University Library"
are Mr. H. N. Brailsford's "Shelley, Godwin, and their
Circle," Mr. Clutton Brock's "William Morris and his
Circle," and Professor Gilbert Murray's "Greek
Literature."
A study of " Elizabethan Rogues and Vagabonds and
their Representation in Contemporary Literature," by
Mr. F. Aydelotte, is announced by the Oxford University
Press. This house has also in preparation a complete
edition of Henry Vaughan's poetical works, edited by
Mr. L. C. Martin.
Mr. Daniel R. Williams, who accompanied the Philip-
pine Commission headed by Mr. Taft on its tour of the
islands, has prepared an account of his experiences and
impressions and conclusions, which Messrs. McClurg &
Co. will publish under the title, "The Odyssey of the
Philippine Commission."
The first three issues in " The National Social Science
Series " will be "The Family," by Professor John M.
Gillette, of the University of North Dakota; "Money,"
by Dr. William A. Scott, Director of Course in Com-
merce and Professor of Political Economy, University
of Wisconsin; and "Taxation," by Mr. C. B. Fillebrown,
President of the Massachusetts Single Tax League.
The important series of "American Crisis Biog-
raphies," which Messrs. George W. Jacobs & Co. have
had in course of publication for some time, will be
brought to a conclusion during the next few months .
with volumes on Raphael Semmes, Ulysses S. Grant,
and Daniel Webster, — the work, respectively, of Mr.
Colyer Meriwether, Professor Franklin S. Edmonds,
and Professor Frederic A. Ogg.
"The greatest figure in German politics since Bis-
marck" is the London "Nation's" characterization of
August Bebel, the German Socialist who died in Zurich,
Switzerland, on August 13. Born in Cologne in 1840,
his childhood and youth were passed in dire poverty.
His political life began in the sixties with a phase of
Liberalism, but association with Liebknecht soon made
a Socialist of him. In 1867 he was elected to the North
German Parliament, and four years later to the new
German Reichstag. With Liebknecht, he stood alone in
opposing the Franco-German war-loans and the annex-
ation of Alsace, an act of daring which brought him his
first imprisonment on a charge of high treason. He
came out of prison a popular hero, and in 1875 founded
modern German Social Democracy. There followed
internal conflicts with the anarchists and the revisionists,
but Bebel triumphantly defended his central doctrine,
and with consummate leadership kept his great and
ever-growing party together. Among his numerous
writings are the following: "Christentum und Sozial-
ismus," " Charles Fourier," " Die Frau und der Sozial-
ismus," and " Die Sozialdemokratie und das allgemeine
Wahlrecht." His autobiography has recently been pub-
lished in an English translation entitled "My Life."


156
[Sept. 1
THE
DIAL
The death of a distinguished author and librarian is
reported from Orchard Park (near Buffalo), the sum-
mer residence of Josephus Nelson Larned, long asso-
ciated with the educational and library interests of his
adopted American home. Born at Chatham, Ontario,
May 11, 1836, Mr. Larned was educated in Buffalo,
served on the staff of "The Express " of that city from
1859 to 1872, was superintendent of Buffalo public
schools, 1872-3, head of the public library, 1877-97,
President A. L. A., 1893-4, and from about forty years
of age was a prolific writer and editor of books. His
"Talks about Labor" appeared in 1877, his valuable
and now all but indispensable "History for Ready
Reference " in 1895 (with supplementary volumes in
1901 and 1910), his "Talk about Books" in 1897,
« History of England for Schools " in 1900, "A Multi-
tude of Counsellors " in the following year, " Primer of
Right and Wrong" the year after that, "History of
the United States for Secondary Schools" in 1903,
"Seventy Centuries — A Survey" in 1905, "Books,
Culture, and Character" the next year, and in 1911
"A Study of Greatness in Men" and a "History of
Buffalo." He also edited " The Literature of American
History" (1902). Earnestness, thoroughness, a schol-
arly mind, a command of historical knowledge, and,
from first to last, a noble purpose and a high ideal, were
his. I lis death occurred August 15.
Topics in Leading Periodicals.
September, 1913.
Alcohol Motive, In Quest of the. G. T. W. Patrick Pop.Sci.
Ambassadors, American, Abroad . . . North American
Americanisms, Real or Reputed. T. R. Lounsbury Harper
Bacteria: Our Invisible Allies. W.H.Thomson Everybody's
Baldwin, " Lucky," The Return of. Peter C.
Macfarlane American
Beauty, Preaching the Gospel of. Nicholas V.
Lindsay Forum
Bed Clothes. George A. Birmingham Forum
Biological Forecast, A. G. H. Parker . Popular Science
Bogota, The Road to. Arthur Ruhl .... Everybody's
Book-Buyer, Amateur, Tribnlations of a. John L.
Hervey Atlantic
Broken Neck, Surviving a. William M. Sellman American
Canal Zone Sanitation. J. S. Lankford . Popular Science
Cartagena the Anoient. William Hnrd Lawrence Harper
Chile, Nitrate Fields of. W. S. Tower . Popular Science
Church, Rural, Financing the. Joseph W. St rout Atlantic
Cities, The Drift to the. G. S. Dickerman . . . Atlantic
Cities, Problem of: A Hopeful View. Mark Jefferson Atl.
City, American, Cleaning up the. Helen C. Bennett Amer.
College Entrance Requirements. F. L. McVey Pop. Sci.
Conversation, Better Part in. 0. W. Firkins . No. Amer.
Currency, Elastic, Stories of. J. R. Merriam World's Work
Death, Life after. Maurice Maeterlinck .... Century
Emerson, Harrington, Story of. H. N. Casson Rev. of Revs.
English Poets, Living. R. A. Scott-James . No. American
Englishman, The Mad. Norman Douglas North American
Farmer, The, as Capitalist. John L. MathewB . Harper
Filipinos —What about the? Carl Crow . World's Work
France a Centralized State. Jesse Macy . . Rev. of Revs.
Futurist Manners Atlantic
Hygiene, Social. Lewis M. Ternian . . North American
India, Living. H. Fielding-Hall Atlantic
"Invisible Government, The." J. C.O'Laughlin Rev. of Revs.
Japanese, Nagging the. F. G. Peabody . North American
Juryman, The Mind of the. Hugo Milnsterberg . Century
Kaiser, Men around the Review of Reviews
Kipling, The Poetry of. J. De Lancey Ferguson . Forum
Labor Problem, Government, People, and. Paul U.
Kellogg Review of Reviews
Le Puy. Louise Closser Hale ........ Harper
Libyan Desert, Through the. D. T. MacDougal . Harper
Light and Heat, Absorption and Emission Centres
of. W. W. Strong Popular Science
Lion, African, Life-History of the. Theodore
Roosevelt Scribner
London, An Uncommercial Traveler in. Theodore
Dreiser Century
Materialism, A Plea for. Ellwood Hendrick . . Atlantic
Minimum Wage, The. John Bates Clark . . . Atlantic
Moody, William Vaughn, More Letters of . . . Atlantic
"Movies," Menace of the. Walter P. Eaton . . American
Mural Painting in America. Edwin H. Blashfield Scribner
Murray Bay, Canada. Henry D. Sedgwick . . . Century
Nerve, Our Loss of. Agnes Repplier Atlantic
Novelists, English, and the Business Man. W. A.
Gill Atlantic
"Oregon Muddle, The." Victor Rosewater . . . Century
Oysters: Human and Non-Human. Mary Dudderidge Forum
Pageant, The, and Local History. H. T. Wade. Rev. of Revs.
Pageant-Drama Revived, The. S. M. Hirsch. Rev. of Revs.
Paris. Samuel P. Orth Atlantic
Photography, New Wonders of. W.N.Taft. World's Work
Plants, Power of Growth in. G. E. Stone Popular Science
Prints and Print Departments. FitzRoy Carrington Scribner
Public Utilities, The Publio's Financial Interest
in. H. V. Hayes North American
Railway Freight Equipment, Government Ownership
of. J. G. Hill Everybody's
Redfield, William C. Burton J. Hendrick World's Work
Republican Party, Reorganization of. J. A. Fowler N. Amer.
Roads, Good, National Aid to. Jonathan
Bourne, Jr North American
School Management, Progressive Ideal in. Francis E.
Lenpp Scribner
Scott, Captain, Story of — IH Everybody's
Sugar Lobby, Adventures with the. Charles S.
Thomas World's Work
Snrgery, Modern, Marvels of. Edward Preble World's Work
Thomas, Miss M. Carey. Sarah Comstock . World's Work
Venezuelan Dispute, The. Charles R. Miller . . Century
Verhaeren, Emile. O. F. Theis .... North American
Washington, Romantic Founding of. T. N. Page Scribner
Whistler, A Visit to. Maria T. Buel Century
Yuan Shih-kai: Master of China. Carl Crow Rev. of Revs.
List of New Books.
[The following list, containing 38 titles, includes books
received 6y The Dial since its last issue]
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Fabrei Poet of Science. By Dr. C. V. Legros; with
Preface by J. H. Fabre; translated by Bernard
Miall. With photogravure portrait, large 8vo,
352 pages. Century Co. $3. net.
The Life of Robert Toomba. By Ulrlch Bonnell
Phillips, Ph.D. With photogravure portrait, 8vo,
281 pages. Macmlllan Co. $2. net.
The Tragedy of Mary Stuart. By Henry C. Shelley.
Illustrated In photogravure, etc., 8vo, 295 pages.
Little, Brown & Co. $3. net.
My Lady of the Chimney Corner. By Alexander
Irvine. 12mo, 221 pages. Century Co. $1.20 net.
Lineage, Life and Labors of Joae Rlaali Philippine
Patriot. By Austin Craig; with Introductlen by
James Alexander Robertson, L.H.D. Illustrated
In color, etc., large 8vo, 287 pages. Yonkers:
World Book Co. $2.50 net
A One-Slded Autobiography. By Oscar Kuhns. 12mo,
236 pages. Eaton & Mains. $1. net.
Village Life In America, 1852-1872, as Told In the
Diary of a School-Girl. By Caroline Cowles
Richards; with Introduction by Margaret E.
Sangster. New and enlarged edition; Illustrated,
12mo, 225 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.30 net.


1913]
157
THE DIAL
HISTORY.
The Starr of California, from the Earliest Days
to the Present. By Henry K. Norton. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 390 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co.
11.50 net.
Jena to Eylaut The Disgrace and the Redemption
of the Old-Prussian Army. By Colmar, Preherr
von der Goltz; translated from the German by
C. F. Atkinson. With maps, 12mo, 340 pages.
E. P. Dutton & Co. 12.50 net.
FICTION.
The Iron Trail i An Alaskan Romance. By Rex
Beach. Illustrated, 12mo, 391 pages. Harper &
Brothers. $1.35 net.
The Woman Thon Gaveat Me. By Hall Calne. Il-
lustrated, 12mo, 586 pages. J. B. Llppincott Co.
»1.36 net.
The Doable Life of Mr. Alfred Barton. By E. Phil-
lips Oppenhelm. Illustrated, 12mo, 322 pages.
Little, Brown & Co. $1.25 net.
I.addlei A True Blue Story. By Gene Stratton-
Porter. Illustrated In color, 12rao, 602 pages.
Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.36 net.
Fatlmai or, Always Pick a Fool for Your Husband.
By Rowland Thomas. Illustrated In color, 8vo,
353 pages. Little, Brown & Co. $1.35 net.
The Garden without Walla. By Coningsby Daw-
son. 12mo, 491 pages. Henry Holt & Co.
$1.35 net.
Malayan Monochromes. By Sir Hugh Clifford. 12mo,
312 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50 net.
The Book of Evelyn. By Geraldine Bonner. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 339 pages. Bobbs-Merrlll Co. $1.25.
Grace Chorch. By John Ayscough. 12mo, 319 pages.
Longmans, Green & Co. $1.76 net.
Murder In Any Degree, and Other Stories. By
Owen Johnson. Illustrated, 12mo, 305 pages.
Century Co. $1.30 net.
The Lady and the Pirate i Being the Plain Tale of
a Diligent Pirate and a Fair Captive. By Emer-
son Hough. Illustrated, 12mo, 436 pages. Bobbs-
Merrlll Co. $1.25 net.
A World of Women. By J. D. Beresford. 12mo,
306 pages. Macaulay Co. $1.35 net.
A Runaway Ring. By Mrs. Henry Dudeney. 12mo,
316 pages. Duffleld & Co. $1.25 net.
Daisy Darleyi or, The Fairy Gold of Fleet Street.
By W. P. Ryan. 12mo, 308 pages. E. P. Dutton
& Co. $1.36 net.
The Anglo-Indians. By Alice Perrln. 12mo, 312
pages. Duffleld & Co. $1.25 net.
The Charming of Estercel. By Grace Rhys. 12mo,
310 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.35 net.
The Sonl of Unrest. By Emily Jenklnson. 12mo,
324 pages. Duffleld & Co. $1.26 net.
The Yoke of Pity (L'Ordlnatlon). By Julian Benda;
translated from the French by Gilbert Cannan.
12mo, 178 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1. net.
Margery Fytton. By Alice Ridley. 12mo, 431 pages.
Duffleld & Co. $1.25 net.
PUBLIC AFFAIRS.
Organised Democracy) An Introduction to the
Study of American Politics. By Frederick A.
Cleveland, Ph.D. 8vo, 479 pages. 'American
Citizen Series." Longmans, Green & Co.
$2.50 net.
German Sea-Poweri Its Rise, Progress, and Eco-
nomic Basis. By Archibald Hurd and Henry
Castle. With maps, 8vp, 388 pages. Charles
Scrlbner's Sons. $3.60 net.
Wards of the Statei An Unofficial View of Prison
and the Prisoners. By Tlghe Hopkins. 8vo, 340
pages. Little, Brown & Co. $3. net.
The Supreme Court of the United States. With a
Review of Certain Decisions relating to the Ap-
pellate Power under the Constitution. By Ed-
win Countryman. 8vo, 282 pages. Albany, N. Y.:
Matthew Bender. $2.60 net.
The Judiciary and the People! Storrs Lectures for
1913. By Frederick N. Judson. 16mo, 270 pages.
Yale University Press. $1.35 net.
Social Programmes in the West! Lectures delivered
in the Far East. By Charles Richmond Hender-
son, Ph.D. 8vo, 184 pages. University of Chi-
cago Press. $1.26 net.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The New Spirit In Drama and Art. By Huntly
Carter. Illustrated in color, etc., large Svo, 270
pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $5. net.
Wanderings on the Italian Riviera i The Record of
a Leisurely Tour In Llgurla. By Frederic Lees.
Illustrated in color, etc., 8vo, 350 pages. Little,
Brown & Co. $2.50 net.
Sand Dunes and Salt Marshes. By Charles Wendell
Townsend, M.D. Illustrated, 8vo, 311 pages.
Dana Estes & Co. $2. net.
American Irrigation Farming. By W. H. Olin.
Illustrated, 12mo, 364 pages. A. C. McClurg &
Co. $1.60 net.
RAAI/C ALL OUT-OP PRINT BOOKS SUPPLIED.
UVyV/rvO. no matter on what subject. Writ* n*. We can get
you any book ever published. Please state wants. Catalogue free.
BAKER'S GREAT BOOK SHOP, 14-16 Bright St., Buhihsham, Em.
F. M. HOLLY
Established 1905
Authors' and Publishers' Representative
Circulars sent upon request. 158 Fifth Avenue, New York.
THE NEW YORK BUREAU OF REVISION
Thirty-third Year. LETTERS OF CRITICISM, EXPERT
REVISION OF MBS. Advice as to publication. Address
DR. TITUS M. COAN, 424 W. 119th St., NEW YORK CITY
LA TOUCHE HANCOCK
Author's Representative
Send two-cent (tamp for Circular.
235 W. 40th St. NEW YORK CITY

For immediate publication:
STRINDBERG'S
By the Open Sea
A novel that does not
insult your intelligence.
Authorized tranilation by Elite Bchleuttner. $IJM net.
B. W. HUEBSCH, Publisher, 225 Fifth avenue, New York
Library Orders
OUR facilities for completely and
promptly filling orders from
public libraries are unexcelled. Our
location in the publishing tenter of
the country enables us to secure im-
mediately any book not in our very
large stock.
Our service ii the best, for all parti of the country. Give as a trial.
THE BAKER & TAYLOR COMPANY
Union Square North NEW YORK CITY 33-37 East 17th St


158
[Sept. 1
THE DIAL
THE DIAtt
FALL (ANNOUNCEMENT NUMBER,
SEPTEMBER, SIXTEEN
/T^ J NOTABLE prospectus of the activities
V^jl of the American Publishing Trade at the
opening of the reason: 1913-14 will be presented in
the annual Eall Announcement Number of
The Dial, to appear, as usual, on September 16.
In the regular classified "List of Books Announced
for Fall Publication'' and in the advertising pages
of this issue will befound full advance informa-
tion regarding all the important new books in
preparation for the coming season. The Dial's
announcement lists have for many years been
recognized as the most accurate and usefulpre-
pared by any periodical, and the issues containing
them are relied upon generally by the retail trade,
librarians andprivate buyers of books in making
up advance order lists and planning future book
purchases. TheYML Announcement Number
is therefore one of the most important and desirable
book advertising mediums of the year. The rate
for space in this issue is forty dollars a page. As
the display is always large, orders and copy should
be forwarded at the earliest moment possible.
THE DIAL COMPANY, FINE ARTS.'BUILDING, CHICAGO


THE DIAL
a Sctnt'iiHontljIg Journal of lUterarg Crittciam, Sh'srusaton, ano Information.
No. 654. SEPTEMBER 16, 1913. Vol. LV.
Contents.
PAGE
BOOKS OF THE COMING YEAR 191
SHELLEY ONCE MORE. Charles Leonard Moore . 193
CASUAL COMMENT 195
A question for manuscript-collectors. — The unpro-
tected book-title.—A book-buyer's complaint.— An
embarrassing gift.— The library as club-house.— An
ideal graduate sohool.— An editorial salutatory.—A
weakness of the prize novel.—The literary diversions
of a retired diplomat. — A proposed Latin-American
library.—The book-collector's friend.—A new course
in library science.— Parcel-post rates for books.
COMMUNICATIONS 198
Unanimity in Literary Criticism. Nathan Haskell
Dole.
Mr. Alfred Noyes's Poetry. H. H. Peckham.
"Programme" and "Program." Henry Barrett
Hinckley.
A GREATLY-GIFTED NATURALIST. Percy F.
Bicknell 200
FINDING THE TRUTH OF THINGS. Thomas
Percival Beyer 202
THE INTERPRETATION OF RUSSIA. Clark S.
Northup 203
Reynolds's My Russian Year. —Winter's The Rus-
sian Empire of To-day and Yesterday. — Rappoport's
Home Life in Russia. — Graham's Changing Russia.
PHASES AND PROBLEMS OF IMMIGRATION.
Frederic Austin Ogg 206
Fairchild's Immigration. —Warne's The Immigrant
Invasion. — Roberts's The New Immigration. —
Clark's Old Homes of New Americans.
RECENT POETRY. William Morton Payne .... 208
Woodberry's The Kingdom of All-Souls.—Scollard's
Lyrics from a Library. — Miss Goodwin's Horizon
Songs. — Miss Lowell's A Dome of Many-Coloured
Glass. — Miss Davis's Myself and I. — Miss Garvin's
A Walled Garden.— Miss Underbill's Immanence.—
Miss Gore-Booth's The Agate Lamp. — Watson's
The Muse in Exile. — Cripps's Pilgrimage of Grace.
— Frost's A Boy's Will. — Drinkwater's Poems of
Love and Earth.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 212
Germany from an American point of view.— Ibsen's
"Brand" and lyrical poems. — Fifty Inness paint-
ings in reproduction. — The perils and pleasures of
book-publishing. — Jefferson's services to the Re-
public.—Studies of Feminism in action.—Notebooks
of the author of " Erewhon." — Michael Angelo the
hero.—A disappointing book about W. E. Henley.
BRIEFER MENTION 216
NOTES 217
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF FALL BOOKS 218
(A classified list of the new books planned for publi-
cation during the coming Fall and Winter season.)
LIST OF NEW BOOKS 234
BOOKS OF THE COMING YEAR.
The classified list of the coming season's books,
as made up from the announcements of Amer-
ican publishing houses, and printed elsewhere
in this issue, in accordance with our long-stand-
ing custom, affords us the opportunity of mak-
ing a random commentary upon the immediate
literary outlook, selecting for mention a few of
the titles of the most salient interest, although
leaving many important categories untouched.
As has been our custom heretofore, we devote
this cursory view to works in the departments
of history, biography, general literature, poetry,
the drama, and fiction. The list is, if anything,
of more than average interest, and many of its
items are calculated to make the literary mouth
water in anticipation of the prospective feast.
In the historical section, a work of timely
interest is "The United States and Mexico,"
covering the period 1821-1848 in our rela-
tions with the sister republic. The author is
Mr. George L. Rives, and the work fills two
large volumes. "The Americans in the Philip-
pines," by Mr. James A. Le Roy, in two vol-
umes, will, we presume from its sponsors, be a
contribution to the pernicious imperialistic pro-
paganda. "The Major Operations of the Na-
vies in the War of American Independence,"
is by that greatest of authorities upon naval
strategics, Admiral A. T. Mahan. Professor
McMaster's "History of the People of the
United States" will now, after more than a
score of years, be completed by an eighth vol-
ume, covering the decade just preceding the
Civil War, thus coming into sharp competition
with the early volumes of Mr. Rhodes. "Chi-
cago and the Old Northwest," by Mr. Milo M.
Quaife, is the work of one of the best-equipped
students of our local annals. The concluding
volume of Mr. James Schouler's "History of
the United States," Mr. E. C. Wingfield-Strat-
ford's "History of English Patriotism," Lord
Milner's "The Nation and the Empire," and
James Douglas's "New England and New
France," are other announcements of import-
ance.
In the category which covers biography,
memoirs, and correspondence, there are two
collections of letters that promise to be of sur-
passing interest. It is something more than a


192
[Sept. 16
THE
DIAL
promise, because we have already been permit-
ted to read some of the letters of Charles Eliot
Norton and William Vaughn Moody in the
magazines. The Moody volume will include
the letters that have appeared in the last two
issues of the " Atlantic Monthly," and others,
we hope. Those already printed are of such
quality as to make imperative the demand for
as complete a collection as can possibly be
brought together. They take their place at
once with the choicest epistolary treasures of
our literature — with the letters of Lamb and
FitzGerald — to name the most charming ex-
amples of this form of composition. The letters,
speeches, and correspondence of Carl Schurz,
edited by Mr. Frederic Bancroft, are to be
published in six volumes. The reminiscences
of the greatest of American sculptors, Augustus
Saint-Gaudens, will appear in finely illustrated
form. A life of Lyman Trumbull, by the
accomplished publicist, Mr. Horace White, will
fill a gap that has too long remained vacant in
the record of our great statesmen. "Fifty
Years of My Life," by Mr. Theodore Roosevelt,
while not exactly filling a gap, will doubtless
be dear to his following for its hard-hitting and
general breeziness. "Fremont and '49 " is a work
which, from the pen of Mr. Frederic Dellen-
baugh, is sure to prove of both interest and
value. "The Everyday Life of Abraham Lin-
coln," by Francis Fisher Browne, the late editor
of this journal, has for many years been one of
the best of the Lincoln biographies, and the last
months of the author's life were spent upon a
thorough revision of the work for publication
this fall. A monument of painstaking industry
and conscientious scholarship may be expected
when Dr. H. C. Chatfield-Taylor's life of
Goldoni appears from the press. This work,
upon which the author has been engaged ever
since he published his life of Moliere, will pro-
vide the first adequate account of Goldoni in
the English language, and probably in any
other. Other prominent works of biography
are a life of Bulwer-Lytton,by the present Earl
of Lytton; a life of Anthony Trollope, by Mr.
T. H. S. Escott; the memoirs of Henry Labou-
chere; Clara Louise Kellogg's "Memoirs of a
Prima Donna"; "Wagner as Man and Artist,"
by Mr. Ernest Newman; and a volume on
Strindberg, by Miss Lind-af-Hageby, the
notorious Swedish anti-vivisectionist.
The list of works of general literature, as
distinguished from history and biography, does
not seem to include many important titles.
Perhaps the most attractive is the first com-
plete English translation of "Simplicius Sim-
plicissimus," that extraordinary narrative of
vagabond life during the period of the Thirty
Years' War. Mr. Percy H. Boynton's "Lon-
don in English Literature" is the result of
many months spent in seeking out and identi-
fying the haunts and shrines of famous English
authors in London. A new volume by the
venerable John Burroughs is "The Summit of
the Years." We cannot say what Vernon Lee's
"A Tower of Mirrors" will be like, but may be
assured that it will be beautifully written and
full of philosophical discernment. Mr. H. W.
Mabie's "American Ideals: Character and
Life" will, we presume, give us his lectures
delivered in Japan as a missionary of American
culture. "Half-Lengths," by G. W. E. Rus-
sell, is a title that seems to promise much genial
entertainment.
Books about the drama and the actual texts
of plays are increasing in number every year,
to correspond with the extraordinary revival of
interest in this literary species. We note Mr.
Brander Matthews's "Shakespeare as a Play-
wright," "The Fools of Shakespeare," by Mr.
Frederic Warde; "The Elizabethan Play-
house," second series, by Mr. W. J. Lawrence;
"Ten More Plays of Shakespeare," by Mr.
Stopford Brooke; " Beaumont, the Dramatist,"
by Mr. C. M. Gayley; as well as the Goldoni
and Strindberg volumes previously mentioned.
Mr. Archibald Henderson will have a volume
called "European Dramatists," Mr. Richard
Burton one on "The New American Drama,"
Lady Gregory an account of "Our Irish The-
atre," Miss Mary Caroline Crawford a volume
entitled "The Romance of the American The-
atre," and Mr. Charlton Andrews one entitled
"The Drama To-day." Among new dramatic
works the following may be noted: "The
Tragedy of Pompey," by Mr. John Masefield;
"Joseph and His Brethren," a pageant-play by
Mr. Louis N. Parker; and "Horace Walpole,"
by Mr. Gustave Simonson; translations in-
clude M. Hervieu's "The Labyrinth," M. Pela-
don's "Saint Francis of Assisi," and new vol-
umes of Strindberg and Hauptmann.
The mere titles of forthcoming books of verse
do not convey much information, unless per-
chance the authors are "placed" in our minds.
A few that seem worth transcribing are these:
"Salt Water Ballads," by Mr. John Masefield;
"The Wolf of Gubbio," by Mrs. Josephine
Preston Peabody Marks; "The Lonely Dancer,
and Other Poems," by Mr. Richard LeGallienne;
"The Collected Poems of Margaret Woods"


1913]
THE DIAL
"Minions of the Moon," by Mr. Madison
Cawein; "Merchants from Cathay," by Mr.
William Rose Benet; and "Last Poems," by
the late Mrs. Dorr. Doubtless, the season will
give us much new poetry as yet unheralded;
it is our usual experience to learn of the best
work in this kind when it makes its actual
appearance.
The multitudinous array of forthcoming nov-
els gives the most daring commentator pause,
but, at the risk of seeming invidious, we will
name the following fifteen as destined to stand
somewhere near the forefront of the confirmed
fiction reader's attention: An unnamed novel,
by Mr. William De Morgan; "The Dark
Flower," by Mr. John Galsworthy; "Bendish,
a Study in Prodigality," by Mr. Maurice Hew-
lett; "Youth's Encounter," by Mr. Compton
Mackenzie; "The Honorable Senator Sage-
Brush," by Mr. Francis Lynde; "The Great
Adventure," by Mr. Robert Herrick; "West-
ways," by Dr. Weir Mitchell; "The Business
of Life," by Mr. Robert W. Chambers; "The
Happy Ship," by Mr. Stephen French Whit-
man; "The Will to Live," by Miss M. P.
Willcocks; " After All," by Miss Mary Chol-
mondeley; "The Custom of the Country," by
Mrs. Edith Wharton; "Van Cleve," by Mrs.
Mary S. Watts, and "Hagar," by Miss Mary
Johnston. One could get much of the cream
of the season's output by reading these novels,
and perhaps fifteen is as large a number as
anyone who cares for tranquillity of soul ought
to read in a single season.
SHELLEY ONCE MORE.
There ought to be a critical Index Expurgator-
iu8,— a list of subjects which, either because of
their difficulty or because they have already been
talked to rags, should forevermore be taboo to dis-
cussion. The identity of the dedicatee and the dark
lady of Shakespeare's sonnets, Poe's alleged debts
and drunkenness, the marital infelicities of Byron,
Shelley, and Carlyle, are among the matters which
should be thus set aside. To say the least, they have
been frightfully overworked, and deserve a period
of rest.
But gossip is the foul familiar of Fame. Those
who attain to the accolade of the latter must submit
to the malignant eye, the leering laugh, the intruding
finger of the former. There can be no canonization
without the Devil's Advocate. If people would
only grant the possibility that in a question between
a man of genius and an ordinary person, the man
of genius may be right and the ordinary person
wrong, there might be some use in infinite bio-
graphical discussion. But judgment is usually given
the other way. Mankind refuses to have its sun
without spots, and it is more interested in the spots
than in the light. In its own interest and for the
sake of its debt to genius it ought to control this
instinct of unwholesome curiosity. It ought to deal
with erring great men as the sons of Noah did when
they found their father lying drunk and exposed, —
walk backward and cover them with a mantle.
Shelley is perhaps the most intensely interesting
personality in literary history. He is the accom-
plishment of the type, the realization of the idea of
what the world has always meant by the word
"poet." Byron called him "The Snake," and he
had the fascination which that animal is fabled to
possess without any of its sinister or repulsive char-
acteristics. If grave men still feel his fascination,
is it any wonder that the women with whom he was
thrown could not resist it? To speak plainly, women
always and everywhere flung themselves at his head.
He did not invite this bombardment, for he avoided
society, and was a hermit and solitary. More charity
is surely due him than for men who are not subject
to such experiences. Yet his relations with women
have damned him in the books of the good or the
pretended good. During his lifetime he was ac-
counted a fiend; and when after many years the
efforts of his friends and admirers lifted a little the
pall of obloquy which covered his dead body, two
strong hands drew it back—the hands of Matthew
Arnold and Mark Twain. Arnold's opinion was the
man of the world's view,—tolerant, slightly amused,
but cuttingly severe; Mark Twain's might be called
the backwoods opinion, and was less an opinion than
a shower of mud. In those circumstances, it could
hardly be expected that Shelley's disciples should
remain silent; and accordingly Mr. Henry S. Salt,
in "Shelley: Poet and Pioneer," comes to the rescue
of his character.
One regrets to meddle in the matter, or to retell
in brief the so often told story of Shelley's first
marriage. But in mere fairness the thing seems
unavoidable. Mr. Salt makes it pretty evident that
Shelley was not in love with Harriet Westbrook
and did not want to marry her. She ran away from
her home, and threw herself upon his protection.
There were three things then that he could do. He
might reject her, compromised and humiliated; he
might make her his mistress; he might make her
his wife. With splendid generosity, the boy (for he
was nothing more) chose the last course, flying in
the face of his father and all his worldly interests.
From that issue sprang unnumbered woes.
The boy-and-girl union was happy enough in the
beginning, for Harriet was attractive and Shelley
attentive. But the differences between them in
training, temperament, and tastes were sure to de-
velop sooner or later. Mr. Salt states, and evidence
and probability point that way, that before there was
any question of Shelley's infidelity there had grown
up a barrier between them. He claims that this was
Harriet's fault; that her character hardened, and


194
[Sept. 16
THE DIAL,
that she*rejected attempts at conciliation. Shelley
had never believed in marriage, and his opinions on
divorce were probably the same as those held by
Milton, George Meredith, and other great men, and
which are pretty widely in vogue to-day. It may
be said that this does not matter; that neither the
opinions of great men nor the votes of the multitude
can determine a question of ethics. Practically,
though, and in a social way, they do determine it.
However, Shelley thought himself free to seek his
happiness, and he left his unsympathetic wife and
formed a free union with Mary Godwin. Harriet
retained her children, and was provided for mate-
rially. It was to all intents a divorce, and no more
reprehensible than thousands of such separations
which are occurring every day. Two years later,
however, Harriet, obeying a suicidal bent which
had shown itself in early life, drowned herself in
the Serpentine. If there were any irregularities in
her life after the separation, she only followed
Shelley's precept and example. He never tried to
exculpate himself by bringing charges against her,
and his defenders would have done better to have
remained silent also.
What are we to say in the matter? Compromise
is always stupid, but it is generally reasonable. It
seems to us that there is a good helping of blame for
both parties; but, considering their ages and tempta-
tions, no cause for damnatory reprobation of either.
Shelley's future page was fair enough. In spite of
his objections to marriage, he married Mary as soon
as he could, and there is not a shred of real evidence
to show that he was unfaithful to her. The enthu-
siasms and admirations expressed for other women
in his poetry do not appear to have been translated
into life. In regard to women, indeed, a poet is in
hard case. Unless he puts his appreciation of their
beauty and charm into verse he is apt not to become
a poet at all; and if he does, as Shelley complained,
people "approximate him to the circle of a servant
girl and her lover." A great artist may paint a
gallery of portraits of fair women, his sitters; may
throw his whole soul into the depiction of their sen-
suous or spiritual charms, yet he will not be accused
of indiscriminate lovemaking. Really the world
ought to accustom itself to a little hardness of heart
in regard to the woes of women admired by poets.
The women themselves are generally satisfied. Their
vanity is flattered, and they get immortality, which
is more than any other kind of men can give them.
Contrary to received opinion, Shelley was less of
a ladies' man than a man's man. His men friends,—
Hogg, Leigh Hunt, Peacock, Byron, Medwin, Tre-
lawney,—he grappled to his soul with hoops of steel.
They never speak of him except as a miracle of
gentleness, generosity, disinterestedness, wisdom,
courage, and common-sense. From the least to the
greatest they recognized in him a being superior to
themselves.
For an " ineffectual angel," as Arnold called him,
Shelley has been the most potent warrior of ideas in
modern times. He is the pioneer of pioneers. There
is hardly a phase of political reform or social agita-
tion that has come up since his day which he did
not anticipate; and his ringing cry has been most
effectual in urging the battle on. Religious tolera-
tion, the union of workers, peaceful resistance to
oppression, the improvement of woman's position,
the non-sacredness of property, the attack on privi-
lege,—and generally everything that makes for the
rise of the poor and downtrodden, were forced into
fiery propaganda by him. Of course he did not in
most cases originate the ideas. They came to him
by inheritance from Voltaire, Rousseau, and the
other prophets of the French Revolution, and from
Godwin at home; but he brought them all to a focus,
to burn in his eloquent verse and prose. Also,
in the final analysis, there is the same fatal flaw of
conduct as in Tolstoi's case. They are both aristo-
crats pointing the way for the poor, but not exactly
going that way themselves. That, in spite of all
their generosities and unselfishness, they did not
altogether divest themselves of the benefits of for-
tune, was of course a counsel of common-sense.
Both were totally unfitted to earn their own livings.
Tolstoi is said to have made the worst boots in
Russia, and if Shelley had had to keep books he
would have starved to death. They did not live in
countries where, like Buddha, they could put away
their princedoms and take up the begging bowl and
depend upon disciples for support. But the fact
that they remained aristocrats keeps them from being
the real protagonists of the poor.
Shelley was endowed with the metaphysical bent,
and the myth-making instinct which goes with it.
He was fairly well read in European philosophy.
He knew Hume, and had absorbed the parts of
Plato that pleased him. He of course knew nothing
of the dark pessimisms of the East, and his
ignorance and temperament allowed him to accept
the doctrines of the perfectibility of man and a
future Golden Age. About the idea of personal
immortality, the sole outlet for hope for man, his
mind seems to have been to let. He rejected
Christianity, and probably this dogma with it, and
his mind dallied with a vague idea of pantheistic
life. On the whole, his philosophy was a trifle
shallow, as all optimism which is bounded by the
expectations of this world must be.
Mr. Salt challenges Matthew Arnold's verdict on
Shelley's poetry, and certainly he has reason as far
as some of the critic's dicta are concerned. Essen-
tially, however, Arnold was right. The note of
Shelley's style is eloquence—eloquence and a thin,
aerial, haunting music, which is not superior to the
rich complex tones of other English poets, but differ-
ent. Whatever the finest or most magnificent rhet-
oric, the most persuasive linking together of logic
and English of the purest in exquisite modulation,
—whatever these things can do in poetry, Shelley
has at command. He does not have at command
that condensation of words which stamps coins and
counters of expression for mankind. He does not
have at command those verbal embodiments of


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195
THE
DIAL
vision whose gleam and glamor lighten every corner
of the mind. Vast tracts of his poetry are merely
eloquent improvisations, and unless one is interested
in the ideas they contain they are really unreadable.
The lines on the "Euganean Hills" are among his
best, but we read them as if we were wallowing
through a mist. "The Sensitive Plant" is excellent,
but place it by the side of Coleridge's "Christabel"
and it fades and dims and dies into eclipse. Even at
the last, when influenced by a study of Keats, he did
approximate to the rich, full-bodied English manner,
he is still rhetorical. Compare the "Ode to the
West Wind," his masterpiece, with Wordsworth's
Lines to Peele Castle. Shelley builds up his piece
with an infinitely delicate logical architecture, em-
bellishes it with beautiful rhetorical decoration, thrills
it through with vibrating tones of music. Words-
worth's piece is plain in manner and monotonous
in music; but line after line of it goes home to the
hearths and bosoms of mankind, and from its cen-
tral heart leaps out the phrase,
"The light that never was on sea or land,"
which expresses in an instant all that Shelley was
trying to say all his life. To adapt a Johnsonian
simile, Wordsworth delivers the oracle, while Shelley
only shows us the Sibyl's graceful gesticulations and
illuminated face.
The gifts that Shelley did possess,—his fascinat-
ing personality, his political prevision, his profusion
of ideas, his persuasive eloquence, his considerable
creative power, above all, his rare and original
music,— are sufficient to make him one of the gods
of literature. But weight and magic of words to
any appreciable extent he did not have, and they are
the central jewels in the poet's carcanet.
Charles Leonard Moore.
CASUAL COMMENT.
A QUESTION FOR MANUSCRIPT-COLLECTORS, and
one that they will probably never answer in entire
agreement with one another, is this: Where is the
original manuscript of Lincoln's Gettysburg address?
This matter recently formed the subject of a para-
graph in these columns, and now it comes up again
in the Boston "Transcript," in an article by Mr.
George H. Sargent on "Adventures of Celebrated
Manuscripts." He says: "Unfortunately it is not
permitted to mention the name of the owner in
Boston of the original manuscript of Lincoln's im-
mortal Gettysburg address. It is reposing in one of
the safe deposit vaults in the Ames Building. This
manuscript was written by Lincoln on the train which
carried the presidential party to Gettysburg. It is
on small sheets of paper, in the clear, neat hand of
Lincoln, who gave it to Edward Everett, the orator
of the day. Together with Everett's long oration,
which nearly everybody has forgotten, and which
no schoolboy ever recited, the manuscripts were sold
at the Sanitary Fair for the benefit of the soldiers.
From the purchaser they passed by inheritance into
the hands of the present possessor." But General
James Grant Wilson, who knew Lincoln well and
was much with him about the time of the Gettysburg
address, and who has made a careful study of the
subject, has recently (see the New York "Times"
of June 29) given his account of the five copies of
the speech which he says are known to have been
written out by Lincoln himself; and this is what he
has to say, if he is correctly reported, concerning the
manuscript referred to above: "The copy used by
the fair [the Maryland Soldiers' and Sailors' Fair]
ranks as the fourth, and the fifth was written in the
same year [1864] for Edward Everett, who wanted
to have it bound with the manuscript of his own
oration at Gettysburg and the President's letter to
him of Nov. 20, 1863, to be sold at the New York
Metropolitan Fair for the benefit of the United States
Sanitary Commission." In addition to the two copies
furnished for the fairs named in the foregoing, a copy
appears to have been given to each of the President's
secretaries, Nicolay and Hay, and one to George
Bancroft. The Nicolay copy, General Wilson tells
us, was afterward lost or stolen, and has never been
heard of since, which is the more to be regretted as
it seems to have been the very first draft of the
famous speech. But the whole affair is so involved
in uncertainty and dispute that it would be rash to
make any positive assertions as to any of its details.
• • ■
The unprotected book-title might seem to
have a grievance in that it can hope for no such
legal safeguard against violation and abuse as can
the more fortunate trade-mark and trade-name.
"Uncle Tom's Cabin" may lawfully be affixed as a
title to any piece of writing by any scribbler, but woe
betide the man who offers for sale as a "Kodak" a
camera not made by the Eastman Company. The
makers of a well-known baking powder estimate
the value of the word Royal in their business at
eight million dollars, and the name "Coca-Cola" is
appraised at five million. Surely, then, there is
commercial value in such a name as "Trilby," or
"Queed," and why should not the inventors of these
catching titles be protected in their right to use them?
A writer in the August issue of "The Bulletin of
the Authors' League of America " considers at some
length this question of "the protection of titles,"
and cites a number of illustrative cases at law; and
although the utmost that can be gained from copy-
right is security in the right "to print a set of intel-
lectual ideas or modes of thinking communicated in
a set of words or sentences or modes of expression,"
there still remains in certain cases the possibility of
protection under "the law of Unfair Competition by
reason of a probable deception of the public, with the
incidental unjust appropriation of the fruits of his own
labor by others." Also, as in the case of the "Nick
Carter" series of blood-curdlers, a non-descriptive
and commercially valuable name may be registered,
just as the "Porosknit" brand of underwear has its
name registered. And, finally, where neither regis-


196
[Sept. 16
THE DIAL
tration nor copyright avails to secure the author
in the enjoyment of the fruits of his invention and
fancy, he may appeal to the broad general powers
of a court of equity to prevent the deception and
tricking of the public by the offering of goods for
sale under false pretenses, and the consequent unjust
diminution of his own legitimate gains. So perhaps,
after all, as things go in this imperfect world, the
author is fairly well protected in his right to life,
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
• • •
A book-buyer's complaint, even though it is
true that all the world turns with aversion from the
man with a grievance, may sometimes, if genially
worded, serve to give a welcome hint to those
engaged in the manufacture and sale of reading
matter. Mr. John L. Hervey contributes to the
September "Atlantic" a humorous-querulous dis-
quisition entitled "The Tribulations of an Amateur
Book-Buyer," which may be read as a sort of sup-
plement to Mr. George P. Brett's " Book-Publishing
and its Present Tendencies" in the April number
of the same magazine. Mr. Hervey's tribulations,
he says, "have arisen chiefly from two causes: the
question of price, and the question of storage."
Serious books cost more than they ought to, and
books of whatever kind take up too much room—
to meet the wishes of a book-buyer of moderate
means and living in a house of moderate size.
India paper and flexible bindings are doing some-
thing to solve the problem of storage, and the cheap
and excellent reprint is helping to ease the strain
on the purse. Nevertheless the new copyrighted
serious work is offered at a price often prohibitive
to the ordinary purchaser, who, if he is wise, bides
his time till the book passes into the "remainder"
class or is reissued in less expensive form, and then
he buys it at perhaps one-half its original price.
Still an outsider is tempted to query whether it
would not have been good business to issue the book
at a lower price in the beginning. A book sales-
man quoted by Mr. Hervey says in regard to a
work of this kind: "I sold quite a number of sets
of Wagner's 'My Life' at eight dollars, for there
was wide interest in it; but I could have sold three
times as many, I am certain, at five dollars." A
book-buyer of limited means but unlimited desires
may well resent or at least regret a practice by
which the publisher skims the cream of his wealthy
patronage before appealing with more reasonable
prices to the larger and less opulent public. It is
like being asked at a banquet to wait and eat at the
second table. But possibly one ought to be thankful
if there is a second table spread at all, and one is
not sent home fasting.
■ • •
An embarrassing gift, like the baby elephant
that a facetious friend made Mark Twain believe he
was to be encumbered with at Stormfield, is often
many times worse than no gift at all. The announce-
ment that the little town of Ashfield in Western
Massachusetts — a town once famous for its summer
colony of learning and culture, and for its annual
"Ashfield dinner" — is to be presented with a
thirty-thousand-dollar public library by a filially
affectionate native of the place, Mr. M. M. Belding
of New York, prompts the query whether a little
farming community of less than a thousand inhab-
itants, barely making its rock-ribbed acres yield it
a livelihood, will thoroughly enjoy the prospect of
maintaining the splendid institution whose marble
walls, bronze doors, pedestal lamps, and other lux-
urious appurtenances, will present an appearance so
strikingly at variance with their simple rural environ-
ment. Already the yearly tax-bill is a nightmare to
the Ashfield farmer. What, then, will be his frame
of mind when the expense of this library's mainte-
nance is added to the town's burden? But it may
be that this anxious inquiry is premature. Perhaps
Mr. Belding is planning to add a handsome endow-
ment fund to his generous benefaction, and to be in
some degree to Ashfield what the late H. H. Rogers
was to his native Fairhaven. Therefore we will not
borrow trouble, but rather take pleasure in picturing
to ourselves the fine structure that already has taken
shape in the designs of the Samuel M. Green Com-
pany, of Springfield, and that is to be erected by
Fred T. Ley & Co., of the same city. A capacity
for fourteen thousand volumes is contemplated, and
all the rooms are to be on the ground floor. Indeed
there is to be but one story to the building, which
will be fifty-three by forty-one feet in dimensions,
fire-proof in construction, and with walls of marble
from the St. Lawrence quarries at Gouverneur, N. Y.
Furnace heat and illumination by a special gas-plant,
with other items of modern equipment, are in the
plans. The Belding Public Library will typify, and
more than typify, the progressive spirit of Massa-
chusetts in respect to free libraries for all the people.
The library as club-house often serves, espe-
cially if it has an assembly room or conversation
room attached, to draw young people, and older
ones too, who otherwise might turn their steps
toward resorts of a less unobjectionable character.
An acquaintance of ours is fond of dilating on
the superior attractions of the light and cheerful
though simply-furnished library reading-room to the
luxuriously-appointed lounging-room of his club,
and also on the greater profit he derives from fre-
quenting the one rather than the other. Mr.
Richard Lloyd Jones, editor of the "Wisconsin
State Journal," describes in the "Wisconsin Library
Bulletin," his discovery of a wonderful little public
library in the Canadian mining town of Nelson, far
away in the great Northwest, and relates what the
librarian, who had virtually created that library,
had succeeded in making of it. There were in
Nelson no dance-halls, no gambling joints, no
hang-outs of any kind except the library, with its
assembly-room, billiard tables in the basement, card
tables and checker boards, and other provisions
for harmless and well-ordered recreation. Of the
"rather frail but pretty little lady of about thirty"


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THE DIAL
who had thus made Nelson so agreeably different
from the typical western mining town, Mr. Lloyd
Jones has considerable to say in admiring praise.
"More than a hundred miles away from the main
line of any railroad, lost in the canyons of Kootenay,
she had made a camp a city,— she had made a little
mining municipality the pride of a crown,— and
the crown's guests had been taken off the main line
of their travel and through more than a hundred
miles of matchless scenery to behold, not what
nature had done, but what a little English girl, an
amateur librarian, had done. ... To my notion
that little lady was a librarian." Not only did
she admirably fill her place, but she had actually
created the place before she proceeded to fill it.
• • •
An ideal graduate school for those who love
learning for its own sake, and to whom vocational
training and bread-and-butter studies are abhorrent
in the superlative degree, is about to open its doors
at Princeton to a select company of one hundred
picked students and the requisite number of care-
fully-selected instructors — a veritable aristocracy of
brains. Richly endowed and generous in its provis-
ion of free scholarships, i£ ought to be able to steer
clear of the peril of becoming an aristocracy less
estimable in character—a peril dreaded by Presi-
dent Wilson when the plan of the school, with its
somewhat sequestered location, was under discussion
three years ago. Here the poor but gifted student,
unable perhaps to gratify a cherished longing for a
course at Leipzig or Athens, at Paris or Rome, ought
to find himself moved with somewhat the same feel-
ing that prompted Erasmus to exclaim, when he had
made his way to Oxford in despair of accomplishing
the longer journey to Italy: "I have found in Oxford
so much polish and learning that now I hardly care
about going to Italy at all, save for the sake of hav-
ing been there. When I listen to my friend Colet,
it seems like listening to Plato himself. Who does
not wonder at the wide range of Grocyn's knowl-
edge? What can be more searching, deep, and
refined than the judgment of Linacre? When did
Nature mould a temper more gentle, endearing, and
happy than the temper of Thomas More?" That
the faculty of this new school, the most noteworthy
of its kind that our country has yet seen, will include
men of the stamp of Colet, Grocyn, Linacre, and
Thomas More, it would be rash to predict; but it is
said that the whole academic world has been searched
for teachers of the desired mental equipment and
ability. . . .
An editorial salutatory of unusual interest
appears in the current issue of "The Century
Magazine," marking the entrance of Mr. Robert
Sterling Yard upon his duties as head of the
periodical founded forty-three years ago under the
name of "Scribner's Monthly." Dr. J. G. Holland,
Richard Watson Gilder, and Mr. Robert Underwood
Johnson have successively filled the chair that now
receives Mr. Yard as its fourth occupant. Appro-
priately and gracefully the new editor gives a
backward glance and pays a word of tribute to his
predecessors before turning his gaze toward the
future now beckoning him to the achievement of
still greater things than any attained to by those
earlier directors of the magazine's fortunes. After
announcing a determination to maintain a "fair,
free, unbiased spirit of investigation," and " to enlist
the services of able authorities in every cause, and
to present each justly from its own point of view,"
the new editor hopefully continues: "As for the
rest, we shall conserve the best that The Century
has stood for in the .past. „ We shall offer a larger
proportion of fiction than formerly, and shall bring
it as near to truth, and make it as interpretative of
life, as conditions allow. We shall maintain illus-
tration at the highest point modern method will
permit. We shall cultivate history and poetry and
the essay. We shall explore conditions at home
and abroad. We shall make this magazine, fear-
lessly and in the white light of to-day, as nearly the
magazine of the century as courage and devotion
and eyes that see and minds that shrink not can
do." In a word, the aim is to be the highest pos-
sible; and what more could one ask?
• • •
A weakness of the prize novel, as of the
prize poem, the prize essay, or almost any other
piece of literary work performed under the stimulus
of a hoped-for reward in cold cash, is indicated in
some of the communications from would-be prize-
winners to Messrs. Reilly & Britton, the Chicago
publishers who lately offered ten thousand dollars
for the best novel submitted within a given time.
"I will do my very best in writing one," hopefully
promises one contestant; "I am only a young widow
and would love to win a prize." "I never written
an article for A Contest in my life," says another,
"But I will try any thing once, Being A brick mason,
I have some pretty gpod dope, scattered along
Twenty-five years experience, which, if I can correll
into proper shape, might be readable." Writers,
both professional and amateur, are human, and it is
only natural that they should, like the above-named
young widow, "love to win a prize" even more than
they love the labor that is to enable them to win it.
The image of the honest brick-mason, laboriously
building his story, brick upon brick, in the fond
hope of securing by the prowess of his trowel the ten
thousand-dollar reward, is amusing, even pathetic,
and richly significant in its illustration of the way
real literature is not produced.
• • •
The literary diversions of a retired diplo-
mat, with such a record of arduous public service
as stands to the credit of Lord Cromer, might not be
expected to give evidence of so wide and intimate
acquaintance with the classics as is made manifest
both by his book of "Paraphrases and Translations
from the Greek" and by his contribution to the cur-
rent " Edinburgh Review " on the kindred subject of
"Translation and Paraphrase." As an illustration


198
[Sept. 16
THE
DIAL
of the familiarity with polite literature evinced by
him who has had so much to do with the making of
modern Egypt, it may be interesting to observe that
in the last-named production he quotes from or refers
to a score or more of the old authors and a number
of the moderns, including Homer, Herodotus, Pin-
dar, Sappho, Euripides, Demosthenes, Empedocles,
Aristotle, Lucian, Longinus, Lucretius, Quintilian,
Dryden, Coleridge, Lamb, and Emerson. Not every
public man who is not also a professed scholar can
quote the Greek poets in the original so aptly and
extensively as Lord Cromer.
A proposed Latin-American library is
among the things talked about and planned in con-
nection with the projected "tallest ever" building of
the Pan-American States Association in New York.
To open the building for Pan-American purposes
simultaneously with the opening of the Pan-Amer-
ican Exposition at San Francisco is now the hope
and desire of the architects of the grandiose scheme.
Nine hundred and one feet (why not a thousand and
one, with a statue of Scheherazade to cap the topmost
pinnacle?) the structure, if it should be built, is to
rise toward heaven, or a good hundred and fifty feet
higher than Mr. Woolworth's present record-breaker.
One floor of the mammoth edifice is to be used for
club purposes and to have a library "containing
information regarding anything and everything per-
taining to the commerce and people of all the Latin-
American republics, and the floor above that will be
set aside for similar purposes, but to contain statistics
of American affairs and reports of Chambers of
Commerce such as might be of use to business men."
So runs the published description of the library part
of this ambitious enterprise. If an upper floor or
floors should be chosen for the library, it would have
the distinction of raising literature to a higher level
than has hitherto been attained.
• • •
The book-collector's friend was what Bernard
Quaritch, who died at Brighton, England, August
27, proved himself to be to the many whom he so
intelligently and capably aided in the acquisition of
rare works of literature, precious prints, and price-
less manuscripts. Son of the still better-known book-
dealer of the same name, the younger Quaritch
followed worthily in his father's steps and was inde-
fatigable in his quest of whatever seemed most desir-
able in his department of the book-trade. It was
in the course of a business visit to this country that
he contracted the disease of which he died. He was
present at the Hoe sale in New York last January,
and secured a number of valuable works. The fame
of his father for letting no expense deter him from
obtaining whatever literary treasure he chose to be-
come the possessor of would probably have been
equalled by that of the son, had the latter's life
been spared. Many important works, moreover,
bore the imprint of the house, which acted as agent
for the publications of the British Museum and the
Society of Antiquities.
A new course in library science is announced
by the Wisconsin Library Commission, whose cur-
rent "Bulletin" briefly explains the nature of the
course and refers for further information to the
"detailed statement" which is sent upon application.
The course is given "in connection with work at the
University of Wisconsin, with which the library
school is affiliated." We read further: "There is
an evident demand for workers capable of devel-
oping the sociological phases of the library. The
establishment and growth of legislative, municipal,
philanthropic, and other social science libraries is
being seriously hampered by dearth of well-equipped
workers. The Wisconsin library commission, there-
fore, gains courage to announce a library course of
an untried nature from the fact that the work which
it seeks to do sadly needs doing, while nobody else
seems willing to do it." Knowledge of a special
subject, rather than mastery of library technique as
a whole, seems to be the keynote to the new course,
which should appeal to many who instinctively abhor
the mere drudgery of library management. This
promises to be a notable development in the speciali-
zation that has already well begun in the broad domain
of library science. . . .
Parcel-post rates for books ought soon to be
granted if earnestness of demand from those whose
petition should be heard is to count for anything.
More than one hundred librarians from all parts of
the country are said to have written to Represent-
ative David J. Lewis of Maryland in approval of
his bill enacting the desired reform, and similar
letters are being sent directly to the post-office
department. Among librarians urgent and active
in the matter are those of the Enoch Pratt Free
Library of Baltimore, the Yale University Library,
the Virginia State Library, the Library of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the Worces-
ter Public Library, the Cincinnati Public Library,
the Connecticut State Library, the General Theo-
logical Library of Boston, and the Library of the
New York Bar Association. By all means let the
pressure be continued and increased, until books
shall receive from the postal authorities the same
favor as cucumbers and calico.
COMMUNICA TIONS.
UNANIMITY IN LITERARY CRITICISM.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
I wish I could share the optimism of my good friend-
Mr. James Lane Allen, as to the unanimity of independent
criticism, or the independence of unanimous criticism,
While I would certainly agree that out of one hundred
and fifty critics, one hundred and forty ought to accord
high praise to his work, and I should be sorry for the
temperament or starved condition of the other ten,
nevertheless, in the interest of the truth,! feel called upon
to question his statement that "these one hundred and
fifty minds were working sincerely and intelligently."
AH publishers send out, as a means of advertising, a
printed slip giving a roseate-hued account of each book


1913]
199
THE
DIAL
which they publish. It is written by the literary ad-
viser or the publicity-man. These ready-made "book-
notices" accompany the books when they are handed to
the literary editors of the papers and magazines. Over-
whelmed with the torrent of new publications which
must be reviewed, the literary editor, in hundreds of
cases, seizes upon the help thus afforded and prints the
notice either in extenso or with certain modifications.
Every publisher knows that there is a remarkable same-
ness in the wording of criticisms. This is vividly called
to his attention when, wishing to take off the snapper at
the end of the whip to use in his advertisements, there
are comparatively few that he can use, because he him-
self has furnished the very stimulus desirable to apply
to the languid book-buyer, who may be imagined as
hesitating whether to buy a new automobile or a vol-
ume of poems, let us say.
This accusation is not quite so severe as might be
supposed, because the bard-worked critic is not wholly
unscrupulous: he certainly glances at the separate books
making the never-ending tide; he is sincerely desirous
of knowing what is coming along; and by practice and
alertness often a glance will tell him if the book be
good or bad. A butter-taster does not have to eat a
whole tub of butter to decide whether the commodity is
rancid or not, or whether it is oleomargarine.
But there is no question at all that the larger part of
newspaper criticism is not worthy of the name, as far
as intelligent, original, canonical weighing of literature
is concerned. I think all publishers and most authors,
who look over the *' press-notices " of their books, will
agree with me that this is so.
The true frame of mind for an author is to be immune
to the stings of adverse criticism as well as to the poison
of flattery: to regard his own work as wholly imper-
sonal, and if errors of fact or slovenliness of style be
pointed out, to accept the animadversion gratefully and
correct them in the next edition, and, if a chorus of
praise ascend, to remain humble and not feel undue
exhilaration. Nathan Haskell Dole.
Jamaica Plain, Mass., Sept. 5, 1913.
MR. ALFRED NOYES'S POETRY.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
In reading The Dial of August 16,1 was especially
interested in Mr. William Morton Payne's admirable
review of Mr. Alfred Noyes's "Tales of the Mermaid
Tavern." That a conservative, thoughtful critic of the
high standing of Mr. Payne should land Mr. Noyes so
enthusiastically is but another proof that Noyes is a
major poet.
1 feel compelled, however, to take issue with Mr.
Payne when he says: "We do not find in him [Noyes]
the perfect finish of Tennysonian art, and Tennyson is
perhaps the only one of the great Victorians whom his
performance does not challenge." I am afraid Mr.
Payne has here fallen into the common error of conclud-
ing that since Mr. Noyes is a very prolific poet he is
therefore a careless or bungling craftsman.
If Mr. Payne were asked to be more specific in his
statement, I suppose he would say that Noyes uses too
many irregular lines, — for instance, iambic lines in
which trochees or a imprests occur, — and that 'he is too
prone to let imperfect rhymes creep into his work. Of
course anybody familiar with Mr. Noyes's poetry will
grant that he is pretty free in his use of irregularities;
but I have yet to find him using an irregular line which
does not either relieve mechanical monotony or produce
some particular effect which he seeks. Furthermore, I
challenge any critic to find in his work a dozen harsh
or limping lines.
As regards Mr. Noyes's carelessness with rhymes, it
must be admitted that imperfect rhymes are by no
means uncommon in his pages. But what about the
rhymes of the impeccable Tennyson himself? Were
it not for such "accidentals" as " love-prove," " fear-
bear," "boast-lost," "now-low," "curse-horse,"
"Christ-mist," "words-chords," and a score of others,
Tennyson's "In Memoriam" would be an intolerably
wearisome and mechanical poem. Imperfect rhymes
are as essential to good poetry as occasional sharps and
flats are to good music.
Mr. Noyes may not be quite so finished an artist as
Tennyson, but he certainly approaches even Tennyson
in art. A bard capable of the sustained grandeur of
"Drake," the intricate melody of "The Barrel-Organ,"
the glorious and unfailing onomatopoeia of "Flos
Mercatomm," and the enchanting loveliness of "Oxford
Re-visited," is, to say the least, a technician of the first
order- H. H. Peckham.
Hiram, Ohio, Sept. 9,1913.
"PROGRAMME" AND "PROGRUM."
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
1 see that in your latest issue you continue your war
on the movement to improve English spelling. Will you
kindly allow me space in your valuable journal to offer
a few suggestions?
Are you sure it is "carelessness" that leads the
reformers to make their recommendations? Is it not
rather a desire to be careful, orderly, and logical,— to
profit by the maxim that "lazy folks take the most
pains " by removing some of the painful consequences
of the laziness of our ancestors? The personal char-
acter of the reformers would seem to favor the latter
assumption. The great strength of the reform move-
ment lies in the fact that it has drawn to its banners so
many of our scholars, than whom no class of citizens
are more distinguished for disinterested and painstaking
effort. It has also appealed to a large number of our
best political and commercial leaders. It has even
found advocates among the poets,—the class to whom
one might suppose the shock of novelty would be least
tolerable. Richard Watson Gilder was on the Simpli-
fied Spelling Board, and Walter Savage Landor was a
precursor of it. Is there any artistic advantage in con-
fusing the beautiful with the merely familiar? Is there
any esthetic advantage in the conventional spelling
of such words as "through," "rough," "furlough,"
"phthisic," "phlegm," "ptarmigan," and a thousand
'others?
There is real difficulty in the spelling "program"
and the pronunciation "program." But is not the diffi-
culty due to the spelling-books of many generations,
which have taught us that English spelling and English
pronunciation need not have any striking relation to
each other? Is not the spelling "program " at worst
a case where the difficulty has not been wholly removed,
a mere and partial exception to the rule that the
reformers are trying — and, to judge by the papers,
successfully trying — to introduce a truer agreement
between the written and the spoken language?
Henry Barrett Hinckley.
Northampton. Mass., Sept. 6, 1913.


200
[Sept. 16
THE
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Uj Icto gooks.
A Greatly-Gifted Naturalist.*
Brilliantly-gifted son of an illustrious father,
Alexander Agassiz is less known to the world at
large because instead of being a teacher and a
popularizer of science, as was Louis Agassiz, he
chose to devote himself to the rigors of research.
Long ago it was declared by the naturalist,
Jeffries Wyman, who died in 1874, that the
younger Agassiz had already done more for the
advancement of pure science than had his famous
father. If that was true nearly forty years
before the death of him to whom the assertion
referred, how much more emphatically true it
must have become when he ceased his labors in
1910, after a long life of unflagging devotion
to his chosen studies!
An adequate conception of the fulness and
richness of that life of varied industry in the
large domain of natural science, and of remark-
able achievement also outside its limits, is what
comparatively few, even of those who had some
acquaintance with Alexander Agassiz, have ever
had the opportunity or taken the trouble to gain.
But in the volume now prepared by his son, Mr.
George R. Agassiz, and entitled " Letters and
Recollections of Alexander Agassiz, with a
Sketch of his Life and Work," the man is pre-
sented to the public in some completeness of
view, with a more than merely filial sympathy
with the subject of the work, and in a manner
likely to engage the interest of a wide circle of
readers. The nature and difficulties of the task
so satisfactorily accomplished by the biographer
are thus hinted at in his introductory paragraph:
"Any one who attempts to present a faithful impres-
sion of Alexander Agassiz's life is confronted with un-
usual difficulties, for his versatile and restless energy
covered a very extraordinarily wide field, and his per-
sonality was so large that we are hampered in our view
of him by our own limitations. The morphologist con-
siders his earlier work the most important; the geolo-
gist, that his reputation rests chiefly ou his extensive
investigations of coral reefs; the zoologist remembers
his vast collections of marine life gathered in a dozen
extended voyages widely scattered over the surface of
the globe; and to still others he appears as the creator
of a vast museum and one of the greatest benefactors of
the oldest university in America; while those who delve
among ancient civilizations and primitive races might
well be surprised at the extent of his poaching in their
preserves, a mere detour in his many wanderings in the
pursuit of science or search of health. In the world of
* Lettkrs and Recollections of Alexander
Agassiz. With a Sketch of his Life and Work. Edited
by G. K. Aga&siz. With portraits and other illustrations.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
affairs he was known as an extremely capable and suc-
cessful mining man, who was said to employ his leisure
moments in some sort of scientific study."
Originally purposing to let his father tell his
own story in letters and other autobiographical
material, the son soon found this impossible
because so much of the requisite correspondence
had been destroyed. Moreover, as he says, it
is "a much more difficult matter to make a
characteristic collection of letters now than it
was in past generations. D'autres temps,
d'autres mceurs; to-day we no longer keep
trunks full of old letters stored in our attics,
nor do we write the leisurely and carefully-
penned epistles of our forefathers, while the
roomy lofts that harbored them have vanished."
Therefore, though modestly willing to resign in
favor of " a more experienced biographer," Mr.
Agassiz at last found himself compelled to fill
in, with his own hand, the many and wide gaps
left in the naturalist's own account of his in-
dustrious and richly fruitful life. How capably
this Boswellian function has been performed will
become apparent as we proceed with the present
review, which however will leave the greater
part of the book's merits to be discovered by
the readers of its pages.
Neucbatel, where Louis Agassiz settled as
professor of natural history soon after his mar-
riage to the talented C^cile Braun, daughter
of a village schoolmaster devoted in his leisure
hours to natural science, was the birthplace of
Alexander, the eldest child and only son of the
family. He was born December 17,1835, and
seems from the first to have shown more of his
mother's characteristics of temperament than of
his father's. In this connection his son says of
the two men:
"The very general belief that men of unusual abilities
inherit many of their qualities from their mothers offers
a ready explanation for the marked difference in the
character of Louis Agassiz and his son. Alexander
inherited from him a love of science and an extraor-
dinary ability and thirst for work; but his sensitive and
apprehensive temperament he acquired directly from
his mother.
"Naturally it has been sometimes the habit to com-
pare the two men. But beyond the fact that both had
a passionate love of science, pursued by very similar
methods of work, and that the son followed in the foot-
steps of the father in developing the Museum that the
latter had founded, they had less in common than might
be supposed. The father's optimism was always a cause
of anxiety and trouble; the son possessed a singularly
clear sight for the rocks ahead, and a very marked
ability to steer his course clear of them. The habits
of thought of each were necessarily different. Louis
was the last of the great naturalists who believed in the
special creation of species, and the theological tenets
that it implied. Alexander, though always extremely


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THE DIAL
cautious in any speculations that did not rest on a solid
foundation of ascertained fact, passed bis early scientific
life under the stimulus that the teachings of Darwin
gave to a new school of science."
Marked indeed was the contrast between the
buoyant and robust elder Agassiz, open and
expansive in his nature, loving appreciation,
fond of teaching, and possessed of a veritable
genius for kindling his pupils and his hearers
with something of his own enthusiasm, and the
reticent, undemonstrative, vigilantly-controlled
manner of the son. All the more memorable,
therefore, were the latter's rare indulgences in
free expression of his feelings. Characteristic
of the future man was the Swiss schoolboy's
revolt against the Prussian governor of the
canton of Neuchatel, which he and a band of
like-minded playmates wished to see enrolled,
as in fact it was enrolled a few years later,
with the other cantons in the Swiss confederacy.
The story of his refusal to salute the hated
tyrant and of his scornful rejection of the school
prizes conferred upon him by his teachers, but
offered through the governor's hands, is signifi-
cant as well as amusing. His biographer says
of him:
"Do men mature faster in the shadow of the Alps,
that certain qualities, which made such a marked and
distinguished personality of the man, were already so
evident in the boy? For this quiet youth already
possessed an unusual power of concentration, and a gift
of accomplishing what he intended to do. The thor-
oughness and ease with which he worked, his great
reserve, his sudden explosions of indignation, his quiet
and entire devotion to those he loved, his occasional out-
bursts of mirth, as delightful as they were unexpected,
his unfailing charm, — all these belonged to the Swiss
boy no less than to the scientific man of cosmopolitan
friendship and fame."
It was in his fourteenth year, soon after his
mother's death, that the boy Alexander followed
his father to America and entered that strange
household in Cambridge which, until the fortu-
nate coming of a second mother to him and his
sisters, consisted of Professor Agassiz, "a dear
old artist, Mr. Burkhardt, a young Harvard
student, Mr. Edward King, an old Swiss min-
ister called 'Papa Christinat,' who was supposed
to look after the housekeeping, a bear, some
eagles, a crocodile, a few snakes, and sundry
other live stock." In the autumn of 185 L the
young immigrant entered Harvard, "at the age
of fifteen and a half," writes his biographer,
but he must have been nearer sixteen, which
was certainly young enough even in that early
time. Among his classmates were not a few
destined to become well known, such as E. H.
Abbot, R. T. Paine, F. B. Sanborn, Theodore
Lyman, J. K. Hosmer, Judges Mitchell and
Seawell, Bishop Phillips Brooks, and Francis
C. Barlow, "the first scholar of the class, who
entered the Civil War a private, and left it a
major-general." Of these men, Professor Hos-
mer, in his " Last Leaf," has given us a pleasing
glimpse of his gifted classmate. Whole-hearted
application to both work and play seems to have
marked his college course; but as he devoted
himself more eagerly to certain researches out-
side the curriculum than to some of the less
congenial studies within it, and as he was espe-
cially zealous in perfecting his skill as an oars-
man, he was graduated only twenty-fourth in a
class of eighty-two. But in a subsequent course
at the Lawrence Scientific School he acquitted
himself brilliantly.
The work of his manhood in various depart-
ments of natural history, in building up the
great museum founded by his father, in guiding
the fortunes of the Calumet and Hecla mining
enterprise, in conducting expeditions for scien-
tific research, and in other activities contribut-
ing to the advancement of science or the enrich-
ment of human knowledge, is either already
known to those interested, or may be followed
in detail in his own writings and in the biog-
raphy now offered to the public. The story of
Calumet and Hecla, as wonderful as a chapter
of "Monte Cristo," but also not without grim
details of what almost proved to be failure and
ruin, forms one of the most interesting portions
of the book. It is followed by accounts of "the
revision of the echini," the visit to LakeTiticaca,
the Newport laboratory, the three cruises of the
"Blake," work in Mexico and India, wander-
ings elsewhere, the first "Albatross " expedition,
studies of coral reefs, researches in the Bahamas
and the Bermudas, on the Great Barrier Reef,
among the Fijis and elsewhere in the southern
Pacific, Agassiz's later years, and, finally, his
eastern Pacific expedition.
The tough two years in the Michigan wilder-
ness tested the man's resourcefulness and
stamina as probably no later experience did,
and it also broke his health and left him with
a lurking disease to fight against for the rest of
his life. He had already seen something of coal-
mining as president of certain mines in Pennsyl-
vania which his friend, John M. Forbes, had
succeeded in having placed under his manage-
ment, but the conditions in northern Michigan
were new to him and probably unprecedented.
This is the way he spoke of his proposed
undertaking to the future head of Harvard
University:


202
[Sept. 16
THE DIAL,
"Eliot, I am going to Michigan for some years as
superintendent of the Calumet and Hecla Mines. I
want to make money; it is impossible to be a produc-
tive naturalist in this country without money. I am
going to get some money if I can, and then I will be
a naturalist. If I succeed, I can then get my own
papers and drawings printed and help my father at the
Museum."
How well he succeeded, and what excellent
and unselfish use he made of the wealth he won,
will all be found, with many other important
matters, in the son's careful and sympathetic
biography of his many-sided father. Both the
specialist in science and the general reader
interested in the development of a singularly
strong and variously gifted character will
heartily enjoy the work. In portraits, views,
maps, colored drawings, index, and other
features, the book is all that could be desired.
Percy F. Bicknell.
Finding the Truth of Things.*
"The World Soul" is a queer book — an
amusing, amazing, suggestive, tantalizing, much-
promising and little-satisfying, sophomoric, pro-
phetic book.
To begin at the beginning, the title is pre-
judicial. And the prejudice is almost justified.
For though there are plenty of definite, concrete
things in the book, the title and all pertaining
directly thereto remain a bit of non-luminous
and non-caloric rhetoric. Even the glossary,
introduced for the benefit of those who are not
familiar with the terminology of Mr. Fielding-
Hall's system, avails nothing. "Soul" is defined
as "emotion," and "world" is made identical
with "trinity." The Trinity is composed of
Nature, Soul, and Wisdom. So "World Soul"
is mathematically the emotion of Nature, Emo-
tion, and Wisdom. Simple cancellation makes
Nature and Wisdom equal zero,—a lamentable
conclusion. Mere vagueness will no longer be
cashed in for profundity.
Another feature that may disparage the real
value of the book is the author's cool assurance
that he has exhausted knowledge and completed
wisdom. Even though "The World Soul" had
done this considerable thing, it would behoove
the writer not to be so fully conscious of it.
"It has been my good fortune to live a life of
extraordinary variety. There are few things I have not
felt or seen, few occupations I have not tried or been
connected with, few things I have not done, few coun-
* The World Soul. By H. Fielding-Hall. New York:
Henry Holt & Co.
tries I have not visited, few classes of people I have
not known, few notable books I have not read."
In the preface we read: "What I am con-
cerned to do is to find the exact truth of things,
and to connect them into a coherent whole."
This is a pretty large order, but we are gratified
to note that the author has been able to fill it:
"So far I had come. By working diligently all my
life, by asking, by seeking, by knocking, I had discov-
ered a great many things, and I knew that all I had
discovered was true."
"Then suddenly a thought touched my heart, it
shook, and all things flashed into being. Every vague
wandering thought that had gone from sight came back
in new organic form. I saw all that I had wanted to
see for so many years."
It is not surprising to learn that since the time
mentioned above he has "been lonesome" in
his thinking. The suspensive art with which
he promises, pointing ahead to some delectable
revelation, is worthy of "Tom Jones" itself.
And so no wonder one closes the book disap-
pointed; for, expecting a cloud-burst, one re-
sents the scarcity of really good showers.
It may be well to quote a rather extended
passage from the first chapter in order to give
the author's point of view. The following will
serve admirably:
"Jesus the World Thinker was in the world to think
for it, and to tell it whence it came and whither it was
bound; how so to live as to accelerate that purpose
which is in the world and for the world; but with one
exception — the writer of the fourth Gospel — no one
even partially understood. The life of Jesus and his
thought were misinterpreted. From out of his teach-
ings a few simple truths were taken; all the rest were
misinterpreted, and thought was once more fossilised
and dead. All research was persecuted and destroyed.
"The very little that was partially understood of
what Jesus was and said was hidden in a mass of super-
stition, and called Christianity. This was the faith that
I was taught when young. Briefly, it is this:
"A God all-powerful, all-wise, all-loving, made the
world, no one knows for why. It is a failure, full of
misery, siu, and suffering. So he sent His Son to save
it by his blood, because God had to be propitiated for
the sin of His own creation. Jesus was born of miracle,
lived in miracle, died in miracle, a denial of God's own
rule of law. He taught that the world is evil, and we
must escape from it. We must be innocent and pure,
abjure the world, and when we die those who succeed
will go to heaven to live for ever uselessly because
they are unfit for any work, and there is no work to do.
The majority will burn in hell. Their symbol is that
of death, a crucifix or cross.
"I did not believe a word of it.
"Even as a boy I saw instinctively and very dimly a
great many things.
"No God would sacrifice His Son to Himself. He
might send His Son to war knowing he would be killed.
That is a different matter. But in that case how could
He be all-mighty?
"I saw that the world was beautiful, and that if it


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THE DIAL
was not entirely happy it was because of defects which
existed to be overcome, for the whole value of life lay
in overcoming them and going on. ... I didn't want
to go to either heaven or hell. I wanted life, and so
did all others I knew."
This passage will orientate the book, attracting
or repelling the reader. It will be seen that the
author's arraignment of Christianity is slightly
unfair; nevertheless, many thoughtful Chris-
tians will feel that the exaggeration is but venial.
The first half of the work is devoted to a his-
tory of his own thought development, some of
it fresh and some of it stale; and a resume of
his former books, which it is to be presumed
are very much more diffuse than the present
culminating volume. They are, "The Soul of a
People," "The Hearts of Men," "A People at
School," "The Inward Light," "One Immor-
tality," and " The Sons of Time."
The chief value of this book—although such
value appears to be incidental—is the human-
izing light thrown upon the life of Jesus.
Utterly freed from the trammels of creedal
Christianity, Mr. Fielding-Hall professes and
manifests the utmost reverence, amounting to
worship, for Jesus. To those who find comfort
in the humanity of Jesus, in his appeal as a
brother in an actual and not a mystical sense,
and are unable to appreciate his vicarious serv-
ices as a god, there will be much pleasure and
illumination in the later chapters, especially
that entitled "Crucifixion." The view herein
presented, while not novel, exhibits many orig-
inal features in its details. It is in brief that
Jesus was "neurotic" (an atrociously infelic-
itous word). He did not die on the cross in
three hours, but fainted. His appearances later
were thus entirely natural, and his early death
soon after was just as naturally caused by the
tremendous shock he had experienced. This is
not all thoroughly consistent and satisfactory,—
notably the supposition that Philip, the writer
of the Fourth Gospel and the only disciple who
had any intellectual sympathy for Jesus, knew
all the time that Jesus had not died. Still
there is immense suggestiveness in the chapter,
enough to make the writer's promise of a life
of Jesus very welcome.
There are certain surprising omissions, con-
sidering the point of view and the frank, simple,
unfrilled way of thinking on these questions
that the author follows. He handles the birth
and death of Jesus directly and without reserve;
on the other hand he nowhere makes mention
of the stupendous fact that Jesus, whom he con-
ceives to be the type and contain the essence of
humanity, our brother, tempted and joying and
sorrowing in all points as we are tempted and
joy and suffer, lacked the most vital human
experiences. He was a celibate. I suppose it
is a biological truism that marriage and parent-
hood test the capacity of human joy and sorrow
as nothing else in life can. Celibate thinkers
have here and there been great, but have always
been incomplete. However high and deep and
broad their ken, there has been a height and
depth and breadth unreached. "They twain
shall be one flesh" is a literal biological law.
A differentiated sex is disinherited from some
of life's original knowledge; to realize complete
wisdom sex must be added to sex. A perfectly
happy unmarried Shakespeare or Lincoln would
have been distinctly less; a perfectly unhappy,
unmarried Browning would not have been much.
It remains to say that for the most part the
author seems keen, honest, unfettered, and un-
fettering. His style is simple, clear, and strik-
ing wherever his hobby of the World Soul is in
the background. He may not have solved all
mysteries, but that is not greatly to be regretted.
There would be no heritage of mystery for the
future if "The World Soul" had paid all claims.
Thomas Percival Beyer.
The Interpretation of Russia.*
The increasing prominence of the Slav in
the affairs of Europe has drawn the attention of
the world more and more to the great Russian
Empire, almost three times the size of the
United States, which is destined beyond doubt
to play a most important part in the history of
the next century. For many reasons Russia
has been little known to the Western world.
The ordinary tourist goes southward or halts
well within the boundaries of Germany, and
cares little for the remote and "barbarous"
Scythians. The severe winters repel, and
travel is not always easy and pleasant, as it
has become elsewhere. But recent events have
shown us that we must know more about the
great Sphinx of Eastern Europe, and be able
to judge her opinions and her diplomacy on the
basis of wider and more exact knowledge.
Mr. Rothay Reynolds, as special correspon-
dent of "The London Standard," has enjoyed
•My Russian Year. By Rothay Reynolds. Illustrated.
New York: James Pott & Co.
The Russian Empire of To-day and Yesterday.
By Nevin 0. Winter. Illustrated. Boston: L. C. Page & Co.
Home Life in Russia. By A. S. Rappoport. Illus-
trated. New York: The Macmillan Co.
Changing Russia. By Stephen Graham. Illustrated.
New York: John Lane Co.


204
[Sept. 16
THE DIAL
exceptional opportunities and privileges, and
has made good use of them. In "My Russian
Year" he has produced an impartial account
of the Russian character, and has drawn vivid
pictures of life among several different classes
in the Empire. He records few statistics but
many conversations. He had apparently no
special interests; he saw both town and country
life, both reactionaries and revolutionists, peas-
ants and nobility, Jews and orthodox. In
Russia all extremes appear to meet. One sees
there all the centuries illustrated.
"If one wants to know what sort of man an Anglo-
Saxon villain was, it is more to the point to talk to a
Russian peasant than to rummage in libraries. The
pilgrims, dressed like Tannhiluser in the third act, with
staves in their hands and wallets at their sides, who
wander through Russia on their way to pray at the
Holy Sepulchre, belong to the age of the Crusades.
The ascetic who spends his life in prayer and fasting
and wears chains about his body, seems to have found
his way into modem Russia from the Egyptian Thebaid
of the fourth century. A country lad tells me that all
Russians who are not orthodox are wicked persons,
that Poles must be Catholics and Englishmen members
of the English Church, and I realize that I am speaking
to a contemporary of Queen Elizabeth. I spent a week
in Livland with people of the eighteenth century."
In his effort to make the reader see Russia
vividly, as he himself saw it, we think Mr.
Reynolds has succeeded. From a volume every
chapter of which is full of interesting comment
and of color, it is not easy to single out topics
for discussion. We must not fail, however, to
notice the chapter on "The Reactionaries."
These are the men who have not perceived the
tendency of the times, who have fondly believed
that the alien races now subject to the Czar
can be made to do exactly as did the Russians
of old. Their aim is "to force every subject
of the Russian Tsar to speak the language he
speaks, to believe the creed he believes, to pray
the prayers he prays." There are not many,
to be sure, who hold such extreme views as
these; yet there are, as Mr. Reynolds points
out, many Conservatives "who approve the
present system of government, and, although
they may desire reforms, are opposed to the
introduction of wider liberties." Thus it re-
sults that Stolypin's policy of order first, then
reform, is upheld by large numbers of the peo-
ple, and "Stolypin's Necktie" (the hangman's
rope) continues to play a large part in the
administration of the government. The chap-
ter on "The Revolutionists" ought to be read
and pondered by the militant suffragettes.
Doing evil that good may come never has suc-
ceeded and never will succeed. The terrorists
in Russia have themselves to thank for the
presence of the hated secret police; moreover,
they have delayed reform for many decades, if
not for centuries.
Mr. Winter's volume is the most comprehen-
sive and ambitious of the four. In twenty-six
chapters, filling 465 pages, he essays a descrip-
tion of Russian ethnology, geography, litera-
ture, history, and customs — truly "a large
order." Had he attempted less, he would
doubtless have made a better book. He seems
to have become a professional in this sort, hav-
ing to his credit works bearing a similar title
on Mexico, Guatemala, Brazil, Argentina, and
Chile. This is therefore his first venture on
European soil. His style shows a woeful lack of
training. Such gems as these occur: "He looks
like he was pneumatically inflated" (p. 28); "he
was as meek a looking fellow as one could
find" (p. Ill); "the people could not be en-
thused as formerly" (p. 80); "it was blamed
upon a Jew " (p. 258); "The shopkeepers do
not seem overly anxious for customers " (p. 30).
The description is quite devoid of enthusiasm
and as a rule is most matter-of-fact. Yet it
must be conceded that Mr. Winter has a fairly
good sense of proportion, and has well martialed
his masses of facts. He has travelled widely
in European Russia, and knows well the country
as it appears to-day. In commenting on the
abrogation by Congress of the Treaty of 1832,
Mr. Winter has this to say:
"The Russian has a logical answer to the protest
of the United States. Our country will not admit
polygamists, and yet Russia has thousands of polyga-
mous subjects, and millions of Mohammedans, who at
heart believe in the principle of plural marriages.
There are likewise tens of thousands of Chinese who
are subjects of the Czar. 'Now,' says the Russian, 'if
you will not admit our polygamists or Chinese, how can
you insist on our admitting your Jews?' It is an
unanswerable argument. . . . The United States can
gain nothing, nor will the Jew, either in this country
or Russia, be benefitted."
The action of Congress, which looks like a
diplomatic blunder, was doubtless based on in-
sufficient knowledge of Russian conditions and
habits of thought. As Dr. Andrew D. White
lately remarked to the present reviewer in a
conversation, it cannot fail to have a disastrous
effect on the peace movement.
Mr. Rappoport has given us a substantial
and worthy volume. In twenty-two chapters,
of which fourteen are devoted to the country
and the remainder to the town, he presents a
series of pictures and observations which well
set forth the private life of the Russians. He
is not wholly systematic; the four or five pages
of notes are important and certainly ought to


1913]
205
THE
DIAL
have been amplified and incorporated into the
text. Nor is he very consistent in spelling
proper names: thus we find moujik (generally)
and Moushik (p. v.); Alexejewith (p. 211),
Wassilevitsh (p. 55), Stepanowitsh (p. 148),
Pu8chkin(p.l2); russaeki (for russalki,p. 48),
and rous8alki (pp. 62ff.); Tolstoi (pp. 86,
203), and Tolstoy (p. 141). Mr. Rappoport
writes, however, compactly and directly. Among
his most interesting chapters are those on stu-
dent life and on the secret police. The strug-
gles of many a Russian youth to gain an
education are full of pathos.
"Thousands of Russian students are absolutely with-
out means of any description, and keep body and soul
together by giving a few lessons, and it takes a great
deal of perseverance to carry on the struggle undeterred
under such wretched conditions. It is easy to conceive
that these conditions lead those least capable of resist-
ance to a radicalism which recognizes no limits to good
or evil, to a state of revolt against the existing order of
things which is not always the result of meditation and
reflection, but of an empty stomach and a bitter spirit."
It is no wonder that many students soon land
in prison or in Siberia—betrayed perhaps by
their bosom friends who were really of the
secret police. There is little hope for Russia
as long as the autocracy continues its present
fatal policy, which paralyzes all independent
thought on political or social questions.
From these distressing thoughts one turns
with something like relief to wanderings by
the pleasant shores of the Black Sea, remote
from the centre of despotic rule. Mr. Stephen
Graham, already known as an entertaining
writer on Russian topics through his "Vagabond
in the Caucasus" and "Undiscovered Russia,"
now adds to the list an illuminating series
of studies and reflections which he entitles
"Changing Russia." Its framework is the nar-
rative of a pedestrian journey from Rostof-on-
the-Don to Batum, along the route of the new
Black Sea Railway. Mingled with descriptions
of scenery and of various types of humanity
are found chapters on colonization and politics,
journalism, hopes for a new national art, and
the Russian imperial policy. On all these sub-
jects Mr. Graham writes intelligently and with
neither illusions nor despair. For the Russian
bourgeois he has supreme contempt.
"The curse of Russia, and, as the years go on, the
increasing curse, is the bourgeoisie, the lower middle
class, aware of itself articulately as the lower intelli-
gentia. It is forming everywhere in the towns as a
result of the commercial development of the nation.
They are worse than the English middle class, worse
than the Forsytes, because they wish to be considered
national. They are of the race who 'limerick' and
treasure-hunt, but are not occupied so innocently. In
politics they call themselves Liberals, though they have
no notion of true Liberalism, they are seldom Socialists
or Radicals, but are abusive of those in authority.
They are unwilling, however, to sacrifice anything or
take any risks for political ends. Through them the
revolution failed; they would have liked the revolution
to have succeeded, but as they had not the faith of the
true revolutionaries, they waited to see who would win.
Selfish as it is possible to be, crass, heavy, ugly, unfaith-
ful in marriage, unclean, impure, incapable apparently
of understanding the good and the true in their neigh-
bours and in life — such is the Russian bourgeois."
To offset this picture, there is the portrait of
Vassily Vassil'itch, a type of the higher intelli-
gentia—immaculate, courteous, religious, eager
for the best thoughts. The number of this type
can hardly be large, and we wonder whether
they will do much toward stemming the tide of
gross materialism which seems bound to sweep
over the country and which has already begun
to spoil the peasantry. This is perhaps the
main burden of Mr. Graham's thought — that
Russia is losing her faith in the church and
religion, and for the mass of the people nothing
is in sight to replace it except faith in the
rouble. That Russia is about to pass through
the same experience of the domination of Phil-
istinism which England and America have had
for many years, seems inevitable. That the
Philistines cannot be killed off, as in Kouprin's
striking skit in " Satirikon " (translated by Mr.
Graham, pp. 103ff.), is unfortunately certain.
Yet that culture will triumph in the end we
may hope with some degree of confidence; for
the dollar and the rouble will not always sat-
isfy, and sooner or later the children of light
will come into their own.
Clark S. Northup.
Phases and Problems of Immigration.*
Despite the masses of books, monographs, public
documents, and magazine articles relating to the
subject (not to mention the almost inescapable
opportunities for personal contact and observa-
tion), the average American has yet much to learn
regarding the origins, causes, and character of the
settlement of the foreign-born in our midst. And
the most important fact which he has yet to grasp
•Immigration. A World Movement and its American
Significance. By Henry Pratt Fairchild. New York: The
Macmillan Co.
The Immigrant Invasion. By Frank Julian Warne.
Illustrated. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co.
The New Immigration. A Study of the Industrial
and Social Life of Southeastern Europeans in America. By
Peter Roberts. Illustrated. New York: The Macmillan Co.
Old Homes of New Americans. The Country and
the People of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and their
Contribution to the New World. By Francis E. Clark.
Illustrated. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.


206
[Sept. 16
THE
DIAL
is that the immigration with which our own country
is directly concerned is but a phase of a world phe-
nomenon, to be understood and to be dealt with
satisfactorily only in the light of this phenomenon
as a whole. French and German students of social
movements have very generally been able to take
the larger view; and some, as Rend Gonnard, have
written illuminatingly under its influence. But
Americans, at least the Americans who have be-
come the authors of immigration treatises, have
almost universally failed to catch it, so that it
becomes a genuine pleasure to record the fact that
in one of the several American books recently
published upon the subject the much-to-be-desired
quality is at last to be discovered. The author of
this book is Professor Fairchild, of Yale University,
whose excellent study of "Greek Immigration in
the United States" was reviewed some time ago in
these columns.
Disclaiming the purpose to attempt exhaustive-
ness of detail, Professor Fairchild seeks in his new
book to portray the immigration question as it pre-
sents itself in this country as "a part of an inclusive
conservation program for all humanity." The fun-
damental matters, he affirms,
"are the laws or principles which underlie the great type
of population movement which we call immigration. . . .
It is a knowledge of these principles which fits one to under-
stand the movement in its ever-changing aspects, and to
grapple with it as a problem of practical politics or sociology.
To define and clarify the concepts involved, to set forth
clearly the laws and principles, and to point out the oppor-
tunities and responsibilities, is the chief aim of this book."
Upon hardly any sociological subject has writing
been generally more loose, slovenly, and lacking in
perspective. The accuracy, conciseness, and balance
of Professor Fairchild's work are accordingly most
refreshing. There is a good deal of history and a
certain amount of statistical information, but the
larger portion of the volume is taken up with a
study of sources, causes, attending conditions, and
results, viewed not exclusively as bearing upon the
American problem but as aspects of a worldwide
international conflict of social and economic forces.
From the vantage point thus occupied the author
is able to demonstrate effectively the fallacy of the
popular notion that belief in immigration restriction
is inconsistent with sympathy for the immigrant.
He proves, indeed, that the restrictionist may be
the alien's truest friend. The changes of condition
during recent decades, in America and abroad, are
shown to be at least so extensive as to require that
"the entire immigration situation be considered in the
light of present conditions, rather than of past history. The
old stock arguments, pro and con, which seem to have stood
the test of time, need to be thoroughly reviewed. The
modern immigrant must be viewed in the setting of to-day.
Especially must it be borne in mind that the fact — if such
it be — that immigration in the past has worked no injury
to the nation, and has resulted in good to the immigrants,
by no means indicates that a continuance of past policy and
practice in the matter will entail no serious evil conse-
quences, nor bring about disaster in the future."
No special plea is made for restriction or the
reverse; but it is insisted that the mind of the
country upon this vital question should be made
up from a full knowledge of the conditions to-day
actually involved, not from the assumptions, nor
even the facts, of seventy-five or twenty-five years
ago.
The sweep of Dr. Warne's "The Immigrant
Invasion " is less extensive. The subject is viewed
in its American aspects almost exclusively. The
major portion of the volume is taken up with a
survey of the distribution, present character, and
effects of immigration, and the more or less familiar
facts are presented with commendable clearness and
concreteness. The review of immigrant distribution,
especially with respect to the South, is useful. An
attempt is made to forecast in some detail the im-
migration movement of the nearer future. The
conclusion is reached that in Germany, the Scandi-
navian countries, and Great Britain and Ireland —
the principal sources of the older immigration —the
economic and political influences at present at work
will operate to produce a continued decline in emigra-
tion to the United States.
"The economic opportunities of those who might emigrate
from these countries are now nearly as great as they are in
the United States. These opportunities, once so widely
apart, have more nearly approached a level. This has
come about through an improvement of conditions in these
European countries and by a relative decline in the pros-
pects of the immigrant in the United States — he no longer
has before him here the chance for economic independence
through land ownership."
On the other hand, it is pointed out that the
immigrant tide from the countries of southern and
eastern Europe is likely to rise to still higher levels.
The reason is stated convincingly as follows:
"The United States has only just begun the development
of her material resources by means of industrial organiza-
tion. Into the foundation of this organization our captains
of industry seem to have successfully built, for a long time
to come at least, a very low wage — a wage too low to sup-
port decently and comfortably the native worker. Our gov-
ernmental organization or political state has so far been pow-
erless to prevent this. Our manufacturers have even begun to
use our governmental machinery in their campaign to capture
the markets of the world. This competition in world mar-
kets must meet a low wage and in consequence the demand
of the American manufacturer for cheap labor will not only
continue in the future but it will also most likely become
even more insistent. Governmental action to prevent this
anti-social demand from becoming effective, such for instance
as the restriction of immigration by Congress, ia very unlikely.
In consequence we shall not be surprised if immigration for
the coming years ia of even greater volume than that of the
past decade and more. The larger part of it — virtually all
of it—must come from the eastern and southern and western
Asiatic countries, where the standard of living of the masses
is very little, if any, above the mere cost of the coarsest sub-
sistence. Unless effective restrictive measures are enacted
by Congress, this immigration will continue indefinitely until
more of an equilibrium is established between the economic
rewards to toilers in those countries and in the United States.
This result can oome about only through a slow and gradual
process of economic adjustment, in the meantime continuing
here among our own citizen-workers a low wage and in
consequence a low standard of living."
Dr. Warne clearly favors a policy of restriction
somewhat more rigid than that at present in opera-


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207
THE DIAL
tion, but he believes also that the forces of sympathy
for the ambitious alien and of self-interest on the
part of the American employer are likely to prove
too powerful to permit the enactment of legislation
establishing such restriction. It is his opinion, too,
that the opening of the Panama Canal will inaugu-
rate such an influx of Europeans on the Pacific
coast that the immigration question in that section
of the country will assume a wholly novel phase;
and the question is raised whether the opposition to
the coming in of laborers of an inferior standard of
living, even though of non-Asiatic origin, may prove
sufficiently strong in that section to induce the adop-
tion of a federal policy regarding the Hungarian,
the Slav, and the Italian similar to that at present
operative respecting the Chinese and the Japanese.
The book contains some helpful charts and tables.
The bibliography which is appended, however, is so
scant and haphazard as to be of small worth. Mr.
James Ford Rhodes is cited, justly, as a high au-
thority; but there is no reason for referring to him
as Professor Rhodes.
In "The New Immigration," Dr. Roberts presents
a detailed survey of the human qualities, industrial
efficiency, and social life of the masses of immigrants
from southeastern Europe who during the past three
or four decades have sought employment and homes
in the United States. In the volume there is little
of theory but much of carefully ascertained and
clearly stated fact; in truth, it abounds, perhaps
above all other books ever published within the field,
in specific incidents and illustrations which serve to
humanize the subject. The view of the author is
optimistic. It is recognized that large-scale immi-
gration, under even the most favorable of circum-
stances, has its darker side; but it is insisted that
America needs the immigrant hardly less than the
immigrant needs America; that the immigration at
present under way from Italy, Austria-Hungary,
and adjacent countries comprises in no true sense
the "scum of the earth"; and that, despite the
imperfect realization of the problem of assimilation
which has been arrived at, a variety of assimilative
forces are already yielding results which are little
short of marvellous.
"I believe in the immigrant. He has in him the making of
an American, provided a sympathetic hand guides him and
smooths the path which leads to assimilation. The hand of
the native-born can best do this; and ray main thesis is, that
in every community where the men of southeastern Europe
have settled the redemptive forces necessary to raise the
foreigners from inefficiency and ignorance, from anti-social
habits and gross superstition, are available, provided they
are marshalled, supported, and set to work by patriotic men.
Wherever the native-born lie supinely, looking to state or
federal government for relief from the ills precipitated by
foreigners, their expectation will not be fulfilled, and the ills
they bemoan will grow more intense. . . . The past indus-
trial development of America points unerringly to Europe
as the source whence our future unskilled labor supply is
to be drawn. The gates will not be closed; the wheels of
industry will not retard; America is in the race for the
markets of the world; its oall for workers will not cease.
Confronted by these conditions, is it not the duty of the
government to deal generously and justly by those who
answer the call, and should not every industrial community
adopt some definite plan for constructive work to raise the
standard of the new immigration and speed on the process
of assimilation?"
The effectiveness of the assimilative process, in
Dr. Roberts's opinion, must depend more largely
upon private effort than upon legislation. It is
especially recommended that in every city, town,
and village where immigrants have settled, public
buildings be utilized for special educational work
among the alien inhabitants. Centres opened in
every public school in foreign colonies, where immi-
grants might be taught, it is affirmed, would do more
for foreigners in one year than ten years of legisla-
tive inhibition as to what the foreigners should or
should not do. By reason of the over-work of reg-
ular teachers, and in many cases their ill-adaptation
to the teaching of aliens, the public school as such is
regarded as not the best agency through which the
needed work can be accomplished. The opinion is
expressed that the proper education of immigrants
requires, in each city and town where they are
resident in considerable numbers, a special superin-
tendent, a special corps of teachers, and a special
system. There can be no doubt of the general
desirability of such an arrangement, or of its superior
effectiveness. In few localities as yet, however, is
the seriousness of the need appreciated to such a
degree that the taxpayer is willing to meet it in the
manner which Dr. Roberts would desire.
The description of Austria-Hungary which is
given by Rev. Francis E. Clark in " Old Homes of
New Americans " is intended to acquaint the reader
with the social and political conditions by which is
determined the character of our Magyar, and of a
considerable portion of our Slavic, Hebrew, and
German immigration. The idea which underlies
the book is that the proper place to begin the study
of American race and industrial problems is in
Europe, and especially that part of Europe which,
while supplying an ever-increasing proportion of
our alien influx, is still for the average American
more or less a terra incognita. The point of view
is unquestionably well taken, and it may be hoped
that as time passes the immigrant problem will be
attacked more and more at its sources. To the
extent that the American people can be brought to
an understanding of the inheritance of ideas and
manners and the actual living conditions of our
newcomers, the conditions of sympathy, forbearance,
and good-will which are so essential to the amalga-
mation of diverse population elements will be sup-
plied. To this desirable end Dr. Clark's book,
which has the merit of being based upon somewhat
intensive personal observation, makes real contribu-
tion. The scholar will find in the volume nothing
that is new; indeed, he will find in it a good many
statements which are open to question, and, in gen-
eral, an inclination toward the picturesque which is
not wholly consistent with soberness of judgment.


208
[Sept. 16
THE DIAL
But the book is not intended for the scholar; and
to the hurried reader who may wish to obtain at a
couple of sittings a somewhat intimate and suffi-
ciently discriminating impression of the antecedents
of the Magyar or Slovak who crowds him on the
street or lives around the next corner, the volume
may be commended without reserve. Its lightness
of touch and deftness of allusion render it pleasant
reading. Frederic Austin Ogg.
Recent Poetry.*
For the second time this year, the verse of our
foremost living poet, Mr. George Edward Wood-
berry, occupies its rightful place at the head of our
survey of recent books of poetry. Like the volume
we reviewed a few months ago, the present collec-
tion, published by the Woodberry Society, contains
but three poems, and is supplied with a preface
which takes us into the writer's intimate confidence.
They are all, he tells us, "poems of expectancy, in
the mood of faith in the unimagined future. They
have a touch of prophetic conviction, and that
atmosphere of largeness of world-hope which is a
trait of our time." The first of the three is called
"The Kingdom of All-Souls." It is written in a
somewhat irregular verse, approaching the iambic
heptameter as its norm, but making a large use of
anapaests, and frequently using internal rhymes.
These are the opening lines:
"I heard in my youth of a Kingdom, lying far at the whole
world's end, . . • .
And pilgrim-wise I clothed myself in my boyhood there to
wend;
Through the beautiful, the dutiful, the holy highway ran,
So was I told, and it stretched through the midst of all
the glory of man;
And all men spoke of the Kingdom, when they looked on
my face of joy,
And the souls of the dead spun the golden thread in the
heart of the silent boy."
* The Kingdom or All-Souls, and Two Other Poems
for Christmas. By George Edward Woodberry. Boston:
The Merrymonnt Press.
Lyrics from a Library. By Clinton Scollard.
Clinton, N. Y.: G. W. Browning.
Horizon Songs. By Grace Duffield Goodwin. New
York: Sherman, French & Co.
A Dome of Many-Coloured Glass. By Amy Lowell.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
Myself and I. By Fannie Stearns Davis. New York:
The Macmillan Co.'
A Walled Garden, and Other Poems, By Margaret
Root Garvin. Portland: The Mosher Press.
Immanence. A Book of Verses. By Evelyn Underhill.
New York: E. P Dutton & Co.
The Agate Lamp. By Eva Gore-Booth. New York:
Longmans, Green, & Co.
The Muse in Exile. By William Watson. New York:
John Lane Co.
Pilgrimage of Grace. Verses on, a Mission. By
Arthur Shearly Cripps. Oxford: B. H. Black well.
A Boy's Will. By Robert Frost. London: David Nutt.
Poems of Love and Earth. By John Drinkwater.
London: David Nutt.
The suggestions for this poem came from an expe-
rience in a Sicilian sulphur mine and a visit to the
Greek state prison at Nauplia, where "the convicts
fabricate an iron stamp, which is used to imprint
the Christian symbol IHS on the Easter bread."
These are the lines which embody the second expe-
rience:
"For I saw in the den of a prison-pen, on a peak of Argo's
coast,
Men whom whips compel, mould as in hell the matrix of
the Host:
Murderers, thieves, and every brood of dark and heinous sin
Forged in that shed the seal of God's Bread, that stamps
Christ's name therein."
The second poem, "What the Stars Sang in the
Desert," "records the memory of a night which I
and my guides, having lost our way, spent in the
desert between Biskra and Tongourt." This is the
strain of the song:
"We gaze on the far flood flowing
Unimaginably free,
Multitudinous, mystical, glowing,
But all we do not see:
And a rapture is all our knowing,
That on fiery nerves comes stealing,
An intimate revealing
That all is yet to be.
"When sheathed and glacial o'er us
Arcturns courses cold,
And dry and dark before us
Aldebaran is rolled,
Far-clustering orbs in chorus
Shall light the pealing sky
And throne to throne reply,
'The heavens grow not old.'''
Mr. Woodberry's third poem is, as the title indicates,
a Nietzschean suggestion, being called "Beyond
Good and Evil." The author admits the spell of
Nietzsche, but disavows the doctrine. "I know no
modern thinker with such a fire-flow in him, the
vital burst, la vie. I think of him as what I kave
found most rare in life, either among men or books,
— a companion on my way. I dare say I should
have found him, in real life, quite impossible; bat,
safely walled apart by time and space and death,
we are friends in the spirit." The poem pictures
a ride "in the dark of the spirit."
"We were past the good and the evil,
In the spirit's uttermost dark;
He is neither god nor devil
For whom my heart-beats hark;
And I leaned my cheek to my horse's neck,
And I sang to bis ear in the dark:
'There is neither good nor evil,
There is neither god nor devil,
And our way lies on through the dark.'"
Poems about books are apt to be anaemic, and
one can hardly soar to heights of lyric rapture over
a first edition, but the book-lover has feelings that
prose is not exalted enough to express, and is at
times constrained to pour them forth in verse. Mr.
Clinton Scollard's "Lyrics from a Library" sing to
us of Keats and Herrick, of Theocritus and Omar,
of Lanier and Frenoau, of Caxton, Walton, and


1913] THE DIAL 209
many others, all with delicate appreciation and
charmingly subtle fancy. He knows the joy of
first editions, but there is a sting in his discourse
concerning them.
"And now a word of warning, ye
Who seek our constant company;
Unless your purses, plethoric, hold
The round and clearly-minted gold,
Abjure us, shun us, lest the night
Creep on ye, and pale candle-light
Find ye by us uncomforted,
And slipping supperless to bed."
"A Bookworm's Plaint" is an admirable specimen
of familiar verse.
"To-day, when I had dined my fill
Upon a Caxton,—you know Will,—
I crawled forth o'er the colophon
To bask awhile within the sun j
And having coiled my sated length,
I felt anon my whilom strength
Slip from me gradually, till deep
I dropped away in dreamful sleep.
Wherein I walked an endless maze,
And dined on Caxtons all my days.
"Then I woke suddenly. Alas!
What in my sleep had come to pass'!
That priceless first edition row, —
Squat, quarto, and tall folio, —
Had, in my slumber, vanished quite;
Instead, on my astonished sight
The newest novels burst, — a gay
And most unpalatable array!
I, that have battened on the best,
Why should I thus be dispossessed,
And with starvation, or the worst
Of diets, cruelly be curst?"
In more serious vein is this fine sonnet-tribute to
Philip Freneau:
"Now that the vesper-planet's violet glow
Is smothered in a welter of gray cloud,
And all the winds that sweep the sky are loud,
I mind me how, one white night long ago,
Our earliest poet, valiant-souled Freneau,
By the stern stress of years assailed and bowed,
Fell by the way, and found a fatal shroud
In the benumbing silence of the snow!
"When the young nation shook with war's grim throes,
The smiting of his song was as a sword,
The light of it was as a beacon flame;
And though the drift of Time's unpitying snows
Upon the mound that hides his dust be poured,
It may not dim the glory of his name."
We must also quote the envoy of the collection:
"The varied Book of Life,
How hurriedly we con!
Through the pages sown with grief and strife
We reach the colophon.
"We would peruse it still
Despite its stress, but nay,
It must be closed, saith the Great Will,
And laid aside for aye."
Lyrics of love, nature, and the religious mood
make up the contents of Miss Grace Duffield Good-
win's "Horizon Songs." Without originality or
marked distinction, they are nevertheless pleasing
by virtue of their delicate imagery and tender wist-
ful sentiment. "Confidence" is a fair example:
"I know not where the Blessed wait,
Within what glory-girdled lands,
Nor on what hill of God, elate,
Redemption's city stands.
"Mine eyes are blind because of tears,
My feet move slow on Sorrow's ways,
And loneliness of earthly years
Bedims the heavenly days.
"Yet even when nearest to despair,
(God give me grace to suffer then),
I know, I know, sometime, somewhere,
We find our own again."
Miss Amy Lowell, in "A Dome of Many-Col-
oured Glass," hardly lives up to her own definition
of poetry.
"What is poetry? Is it a mosaic
Of coloured stones which curiously are wrought
Into a pattern? Rather glass that's taught
By patient labor any hue to take
And glowing with a sumptuous splendor, make
Beauty a thing of awe ; where sunbeams caught,
Transmuted fall in sheafs of rainbows fraught
With storied meaning for religion's sake."
Instead of the flights and imaginings suggested
by these verses, Miss Lowell gives us precise and
pretty fancies inspired by nature and by art—
verses upon the seasons and the stars, upon Japan-
ese prints and Italian paintings, upon authors and
their books. She imparts to us naive confidences,
as when she says:
"I love the vivid life of winter months
In constant intercourse with human minds,
When every new experience is gain
And on all sides we feel the great world's heart;
The pulse and throb of life which makes us new,"
or when she sings of her fruit garden:
"Dear garden of my childhood, here my years
Have run away like little grains of sand;
The moments of my life, its hopes and fears
Have all found utterance here, where now I stand;
My eyes ache with the weight of unshed tears,
You are my home, do you not understand.".
It is neatly put, but not very important. Miss
Lowell's most pretentious poem is dedicated to
"The Boston Athenaeum," where
"We feel that we are not alone,
We too are one with our own richest past;
And here that veiled, but ever smouldering fire
Of race, which rarely seen yet never dies,
Springs up afresh and warms us with its heat."
"Myself and I," by Miss Fannie Stearns Davis,
is a volume of "magazine verse." This opinion
does not need for its confirmation the prefatory note
of acknowledgment to a list of popular periodicals
for permission to reprint. Its contents are too evi-
dently the futile flutterings that editors use to fill in
the chinks.
"I do not know why they should heed my singing."
Nor do we.
"Are they not deaf and blind with urgent Life?
And what am I, save one small lark, down-flinging
My sun-song on a battle's blood-red strife?"


210
[Sept. 16
THE DIAL
Most of these poems are naive confidences, such as
"The Dead Folk," of which we quote the ending.
"My body is a curious thing.
My soul's not half so strange,
Who may go forth on gleaming wing,
And take no touch of change.
"Bnt that my body should lie still,
And never dance or run,
And never climb a crooked hill,
And never see the sun, —
"This is a strange, strange thing to me;
And stranger yet it grows
Each time I stop awhile to see
The Dead Folk's decent rows." «
"A Walled Garden and Other Poems," by Miss
Margaret Root Garvin, is another collection of
magazine verse. "Moon Flowers," a pretty conceit,
may be taken to illustrate the quality of this vol-
ume:
"Flowers of the Moon, are dreams:
Sudden they spring from the dark soil of night;
In shadows foliate, their buds are bright;
With bloom, more fair than fruit, their leafage teems,
Flowers of the Moon.
"Like night-moths, Psyche-winged,
Our soul do sip these flower-founts of Joy;
Until the flames of Dawn the wings destroy.
And tendrils break, that round our hearts were ringed,
Flowers of the Moon!"
The note of mysticism is predominant in Miss
Evelyn Underbill's "Immanence," as might be
expected by anyone acquainted with the author's
philosophical and imaginative work in prose. The
last poem of the volume seems to us the most quot-
able for the purpose of adequate representation. It
is entitled "Transcendence."
"Within thy sheltering darkness spin the spheres;
Within the shaded hollow of thy wings.
The life of things,
The changeless pivot of the passing years —
These in thy bosom be.
Restless we seek thy being; to and fro
Upon our little twisting earth we go:
We cry, 'Lo, there!'
When some new avatar thy glory does declare,
When some new prophet of thy friendship sings,
And in his tracks we ran
Like an enchanted child, that hastes to catch the sun.
"And shall the soul thereby
Unto the All draw nigh?
Shall it avail to plumb the mystic deeps
Of flowery beauty, scale the icy steeps
Of perilous thought, thy hidden Face to find,
Or tread the starry paths to the utmost verge of the sky?
Nay, groping dull and blind
Within the sheltering dimness of thy wings —
Shade that their splendour flings
Athwart Eternity —
We, out of age-long wandering, but corae
Back to our Father's heart, where now we are at home."
Sach poetry, appealing as it is, seems to do little
more than chase the will-o'-the-wisps of fancy, and
drug the spirit in its irrational moods, drifting
blindly, with no firm anchorage of thought. It does
not give us clean-cut ideas, and its logic is purely
emotional.
Miss Eva Gore-Booth's "The Agate Lamp"
opens with a series of brief interpretations of works
of painting and sculpture, such as these lines upon
"The Dawn" of Michelangelo:
"Not as Aurora of the smiling eyes
And rosy fingers doth this dawn awake;
Neither, like Aphrodite, doth she rise
From die bright waves, all silver for her sake.
Rather is she the Image in the Soul,
The beautiful young dawn of all things fair,
Who wakes in a dark world of gloom and dole,
Wrapped in the marble coldness of despair.
Thou sorrowful Dawn invincible, alone,
Pale sleeper, from thy long rest turn aside;
Four hundred years of slumber hast thou known;
Long broken is that Florentine's fierce pride
That held thee tranced through years of storm and stress;
O, buried in the marble calm and cold,
Wake thou, the world is full of heaviness,
And men have need of beauty, as of old."
"Divina Commedia" is the title of a wonderful
long poem in which the vision of the modern world
is contrasted with that revealed to the Tuscan poet.
"And Beatrice — vanished is the shining sphere
And saints' high throne above the world apart,
Yet with us dwells the dream divine and dear
That folds in beauty every living heart.
"No heaven is ours of lights and whirling flame —
For dying warriors a starlit goal —
But a lost country called by a new name,
Deep buried in dim valleys of the soul.
"A gentle land where the white singing waves
Move softly under silver twilight skies,
And life with her fierce wars and dreadful graves
Seems but a little wind that falling sighs.
"The poet's laurel and the martyr's palm
Wither, the old enchantments fade and cease;
Yet still the vision of the ancient calm
Folds, round this weary world, wide wings of peace.
These are but a few stanzas of a poem whose grave
and measured beauty long haunts the mind.
Mr. Watson's new volume is entitled "The Muse
in Exile," which seems to mean that its contents
have been largely occasioned by the journeyings of
recent years to America and elsewhere. To empha-
size this character of the volume, it is prefaced by
the lecture on "The Poet's Place in the Scheme of
Life," which the author delivered upon several occa-
sions during his last American visit. Here is an
impression de voyage, which is also a graceful
tribute to his American friends.
"How can we think
Coldly of such a land, itself so warm
In its accost and greeting? There we win
Friends whom to lose were to find life itself
Less winsome. There, too, did we taste awhile
Sorrow, not pleasure alone. And there we roamed
Wide as from Spain-remembering shores, that watch
The hues and moods of a chameleon sea
Beyond Miami's palms and olive-groves
To where Niagara takes the infernal plunge,
And out of the grey rage of the abysm,
Out of the torment, everlastingly,
Upbreathes what seems, when sunlight touches it,
The smoke of Hell, lost in the smile of God."


1913]
211
THE DIAL
The volume includes several tributes to the poet's
charming Irish wife, of which "Part of My Story"
is perhaps the tenderest.
"We met when you were in the May of life,
And I had left its Jnne behind me far.
Some barren viotories,— much defeat and strife,—
Had marked my soul with many a hidden scar.
"I was a man deep hurt with blows that men
Ne'er guessed at; strangely weak — more strangely
strong;
Daring at times; and uttering now and then,
Out of a turbid heart, a limpid song.
"Fitful in effort, fixed and clear in aim;
Poor, but not envious of the wealth I lack;
Ever half-scaling the hard hill of fame,
And ever by some evil fate flung back,—
"Such did you find me, in that city grey
Where we were plighted, 0 my comrade true:
My wife, now dearer far than on the day
When this our love was new."
Something of the old fire burns in Mr. Watson's
verse when he hails the overthrow of the Turk, or
expresses his indignation at the willingness of an
English government to cast loyal, proud, "great-
hearted Ulster" as a sop to the lions, or praises the
plea of an American poet for the preservation of
his country's honor by keeping her pledged faith
with England in the Panama matter. On all these
themes, his'song rings true, although his voice be-
comes a sort of falsetto when it says "Thou art
America, dauntless Theodore." The sonnet which
has this ending leaves a bad taste in the mouth.
Mr. Watson's volume, as a whole, contributes
considerably to our pleasure, although it contains
nothing comparable to the noble pieces upon which
his reputation is so firmly based. We feel it to be
the work of a man who realizes the high seriousness
of the poet's calling, and is in no danger of being
lured away from his exalted mission by the verbal
tricksters of the hour who impudently masquerade
in the muse's garments.
The muse in exile is again illustrated by Mr.
Arthur Shearly Cripps, an Oxford man devoting
his life to missionary work in South Africa. There
are recompenses for the exile in the strange new
forms of beauty that unfold themselves to his vision,
and in the broadening of his sympathies that came
from loving interest in alien peoples. All this is
expressed in the ballade of "Pan'sCountry," which
is another name for Mashonaland.
"Did Athens' Queen, the violet-crown'd,
Athene's lore to alceris preach?
Did a dark galley southward-bound
Ship Sophists for some Dorian beach?
Did one the springs of Zaden reach,
And one Cyllene's rock-shale spurn?
Be sure, Pan said his say to each —
They came to tench, they stayed to learn!
"We that have fled green English ground
For sun-tanned hills and moors that bleach
More than red rubies' worth have found
In these thatched porches where we teach.
The stoic herdsmen we beseech
From food's and raiment's lust to turn —
Doth not their faith our faith impeach?
We came to teach, we stay to learn.
"We teach of Arms that wrap us round
Safe from wolf's howl and night-bird's screech,
Of Blood, whose balm from Fivefold Wound
Outvies all salves of earthly leech
For dying hearts' despair and breach.
How bright our faith's dull embers burn
In plowman's psalm and goatherd's speech!
We came to teach, we stay to learn.
"Oxford, thy deep-voiced chimes renowned,
For which onr ears hark back and yearn,
As sheep-bells here to shepherds sound
Where shepherds teach, where shepherds learn."
A dream world of elusive shapes and tremulous
imaginings is half revealed to our vision by the
subdued lyrics which Mr. Robert Frost entitles "A
Boy's Will." It is a world in which passion has
been stilled and the soul grown quiet—a world not
explored with curious interest, but apprehended by
the passive recipient. The sun does not shine, but
the pale grey of twilight enfolds nature with a
more gracious charm. The song called "Flower-
Gathering" offers an exquisite example of the wist-
ful and appealing quality of the author's strain.
"I left you in the morning,
And in the morning glow,
You walked away beside me
To make me sad to go.
Do you know me in the gloaming,
Gaunt and dusty grey with roaming?
Are you dumb because you know me not,
Or dumb because you know?
"All for me? And not a question
For the faded flowers gay
That could take me from beside you
For the ages of a day?
They are yours, and be the measure
Of their worth for you to treasure,
The measure of the little while
That I've been long away."
The desire of the solitary soul for companionship
has rarely found such beautiful expression as it
receives in this quotation:
"We make ourselves a place apart
Behind light words that tease and flout,
But oh, the agitated heart
Till someone find us really out."
"Reluctance" is the poem that closes the collection
—a lyric of lassitude with just a faint flicker of
the spent fire of life.
"But through the fields and the woods
And over the walls I have wended;
I have climbed the hills of view
And looked at the world, and descended;
I have oome by the highway home,
And lo, it is ended.
"The leaves are all dead on the ground,
Save those that the oak is keeping
To ravel them one by one
And let them go scraping and creeping
Out over the crusted snow,
When others are sleeping.


212
[Sept. 16
THE DIAL
"And the dead leaves lie huddled and still,
No longer blown hither and thither;
The last lone aster is gone,
The flowers of the witch-hazel wither
The heart is still aching to seek,
Bat the feet question ' Whither?'
"Ah, when to the heart of a man
Was it ever less than a treason
To go with the drift of things
To yield with a grace to reason,
And bow and accept the end
Of a love or a season?"
If Mr. Frost's verses show the cast of melancholy,
there is at least nothing morbid about it. In their
simple phrasing and patent sincerity, his songs give
us the sort of pleasure that we have in those of the
"Shropshire Lad" of Mr. Housman.
The following elegy on Tolstoi well illustrates
the serene dignity which is perhaps the chief char-
acteristic of Mr. John Drinkwater's "Poems of
Love and Earth":
"Not ont of his due time he moves among
The immemorial silences of death,
The golden ears were full, the song was sung,
And the prophetic breath
"Had prophesied unto a world not wise
Through a full tale of changing fiery days,
And vision was no longer to his eyes
Of earth's tumultuous ways.
"His heart had striven long, his feet had pressed
Adown the paths where many sorrows meet,
Till the great heart was troubled in its quest,
And tired the travelling feet.
"His lips have spoken, and his lips are sealed,
But we shall pluck the fruits of his desire
In days to be when broken love is healed,
And hearts are forged in fire."
Mr. Drinkwater's verse has the strength that
comes from severe restraint and the beauty that is
revealed to the vision that pierces to the heart of
life. Here is the last of his exquisite series of
"Roundels of the Year":
"The year is lapsing into time
Along a deep and songless gloom,
Unchapleted of leaf or bloom.
"And mute between the dusk and prime
The diligent earth re-sets her loom,—
The year is lapsing into time
Along a deep and songless gloom.
"While o'er the snows the seasons chime
Their golden hopes to re-illume
The brief eclipse about the tomb,
The year is lapsing into time
Along a deep and songless gloom,
Unchapleted of leaf or bloom."
This is a very slender volume, but its pages reveal
an unmistakable individuality, and upon every one
of them is the mark of distinction.
William Morton Payne.
Briefs on New Books.
Germany from "Criticism," writes Mr. Price Collier,
an American "is temptingly easy when it consists,
point of view. ^ g0 0ften does, in merely noting
what is different, or what is not there. Helpful
criticism I take to be the discovery of what is there,
and its revelation, with an examination of its history,
its truth, and its value." In his collection of essays
on "England and the English," published a few
years ago, Mr. Collier showed that he is a very fair
master of the art of helpful criticism; and fresh
evidence of the fact is supplied by his recently-
published companion volume, "Germany and the
Germans" (Scribner). The Germans are discussed,
as were the English, from an avowedly American
point of view, and the principal value of the one piece
of work as of the other must arise from its tendency
to promote that mutual knowledge of environments,
traditions, and ideas upon which the concord of the
great nations of the world must eventually be based.
The volume opens with two chapters, aggregating a
hundred pages (a sixth of the book), undertaking to
sketch the salient facts of German history from the
Cimbri and Teutones to Bismarck and William II.
Unfortunately, Mr. Collier is no historian. Not only
does he fail to present his material in this portion of
his book in concise and orderly manner%but he is by
no means always accurate in his statements of fact.
Tacitus did not write with "Rooseveltian enthu-
siasm" (p. 8) concerning the rearing of children
among the Germans. The assertion that "more
than any other one factor, the crusades broke up
feudalism" (p. 22) is at best but a half-truth.
Charlemagne did not sweep "all Europe under his
sway" (p. 26); not the whole of Spain, but a very
small portion of it, was "under his kingship" (p. 26).
The University of Bologna was from the beginning
a centre for the study of law, rather than medicine
and philosophy (p. 33). Such erroneous or ques-
tionable statements as these, together with other
occasional lapses or sudden transitions of thought,
impair seriously the value of the two chapters under
consideration; and the reader is further exasperated
by faulty punctuation and careless proof-reading. In
truth the book would have been a better one if these
chapters had been omitted altogether. When, how-
ever, the author comes to the purely descriptive por-
tion of his work he arrives upon surer ground. He
has no vantage point of special intimacy from which
to write of the personality of the Kaiser, yet he
manages to furnish a characterization of "the Indis-
creet" which is informing and well in accord with
the generally known facts. Berlin, as a capital and
metropolis, is interestingly described; and there are
readable chapters, characterized by a wholesome
freshness of view, on the educational system and its
connection with the progress of the country, the
army, industry and its problems, the status of women,
and the relations of the Empire with the outside
world. The tone of the book is sympathetic, even


1913]
213
THE DIAL
admiring; yet, on the whole, the conclusion is rather
unfavorable, and the spirit and culture of the Ger-
mans are pronounced artificial and unstable.
ibtm't Fydell Edmund Garrett, an English
ami "vricai political journalist who died recently,
poems. was one of the first of his country-
men to discover Ibsen, and he discovered him in the
right way. While others were chattering about the
social dramas, immersed in studies of their remark-
able technique, or occupied with the discussion of
their diagnosis of the ills of modern civilization,
Garrett realized that the true manifestation of
Ibsen's genius was to be found in "Brand," and
"Peer Gynt," and the "Digte." The year 1894,
in which Professor Herford published his wonderful
translation of " Brand," was the year which found
Garrett also engaged upon an English version of
that great work. After completing this, he turned
his attention to the " Digte," and translated nearly
one-half of the entire number. All these transla-
tions are now reissued under the supervision of his
widow, in a volume entitled "Lyrics and Poems
from Ibsen " (Dutton). The "Brand" is given in
Garrett's final revision, and we have appended the
scene of Aase's death from "Peer Gynt." The
entire volume constitutes a noble tribute to Ibsen's
genius, and will be a precious possession even to
those who can read him in the original Norwegian.
We have hitherto regarded Professor Herford's
"Brand" as unapproachably successful, but we
must admit that Garrett's version is almost equally
deserving of praise. Here is a test passage for
comparison. Herford gives us:
"Not for as the Cross He mounted!
Just the stirrup-slash 8 stain
Just the gash the cobbler scored
In the shoulder of the Lord,
Is onr portion of this Pain."
In Garrett, this becomes:
"Not for us the cross was taken;
No! The cobbler's stirrup-blow
Which but left one purple track
On the doomed Redeemer's back,
Is our fraction of His passion!
All the rest we can forego!"
Fine as the latter version is, the former is still finer
and happier. This, however, is not always to be
said, and we think that Garrett is the more successful
with the crucial lines that end the fourth act.
"Soul, be steadfast to the last!
Till the fight of fights is o'er!
When thine All away is cast,
Loss is gain—for evermore."
This is truer to the original, and more inspiring to
the shaken soul, than Herford's
"Soul, be patient in thy pain!
Triumph in its bitter cost.
All to lose was all to gain;
Nought abideth but the Lost."
Mr. P. H. Wicksteed, who writes an introduction
to the "Digte," and supplies the translations with
helpful explanatory notes, gives us some words of
searching criticism, of which the following may be
taken for an example: "But yet, for all his sense
of the worth of life, that 'fight with trolls' of
which he was so deeply conscious indicates some
exceptional feeling in Ibsen's soul of a hostile power
which cramped and conditioned his self-expression;
and his most fervent admirers must often feel that
he was a haunted man, that he was in some sense
possessed, that he had paid a terrible price for his
insight and his achievement, and that though he was
always seeking to break through to the light, he was
often beset by a doubt whether darkness might not
after all be the natural abode of man." The poem
which Garrett calls " The Daylight Coward" affords
an illustration of this comment Garrett is by no
means the only translator of Ibsen's lyrics. Gosse,
Boyesen, Payne, and others have done fragmentary
work in this field, and Mr. Percy Shedd has done
almost as much as Garrett. We are especially
thankful to Garrett for his versions of "Paa Vid-
derne" and '' Terje Vigen," and for the group of
national songs occasioned by the hour of Denmark's
Gethsemane, when Norway stood aloof while the
sister nation was being despoiled by the conqueror.
Perhaps more than for anything else we should be
grateful for Garrett's translation of the intolerably
poignant scene of Aase's death. This preserves the
lyrical swing, the " quick broken dialogue" and the
"racy naturalness "of the original. "To Soria-Moria
Castle" the translation is called, and it was first
published in 1904 in the " Independent Review."
Fi/tv innett ^•r* Daingerfield has followed his
paintings in study of the life and art of George
reproduction. Inness with a most valuable supple-
ment. In a collection called "Fifty Paintings by
George Inness" (New York: F. F. Sherman), he
presents more pictures by the artist than anyone
before has been able to see together, except in the
exhibition held after Inness's death. The general
impression (as of that exhibition) is very fine.
Reproductions can never give us what the pictures
do; but what can be done by reproduction is here
done for the student of Inness. Here he has the
most important works of the painter, with note of
size, date, and present place of the picture, and some
introductory comment. Here will be found not only
the better known examples from the larger collec-
tions, such as the Butler Collection at the Chicago
Art Institute or the Evans Collection at the National
Gallery in Washington, but also a number of less-
known or generally unknown pictures from private
collections. With such a set of photographs the
student can follow for himself the development of
the ideas of the painter, and of the technique can
get a notion at least of the composition and general
handling. There has not yet been made a thorough
study of the work of George Inness. Mr. Dainger-
field holds that no such study can be successful un-
less a man will found himself upon Inness's religious
convictions and work up from that basis. He him-
self in his Introduction points out that the earlier
pictures are full of detail, while in the later " the


214
[Sept. 16
THE
DIAL
fabric, the substructure," is kept oat of sight though
not less present. Here he is doubtless quite correct,
but we wish very much that he had gone farther in
the direction he has indicated. It would seem as if
one so familiar with the artist's ideas and his paint-
ings might have sought to show us definitely how
the later works are expressive of religious conviction,
to indicate what the quality is that takes the place
of the careful detail, to show how the spiritual sense
dominates the substructure of fact. This, perhaps,
is too much to expect in a short Introduction. We
do not see, however, that Mr. Daingerfield does
what might be done in the way of definite study; he
appears to us to be far too fond of such critical
remarks as "Color is the music of George Inness's
painting." But it will perhaps be to the advantage
of the student that he should not be entirely satisfied
with the Introduction, — he will be led to rely more
upon the pictures themselves. And certainly in* this
respect the book is adequate; there are few Amer-
ican painters whose work has been better presented
than is that of George Inness in this volume.
The peril, and To waders and writers, as well as
pieatura of to publishers, Mr. Robert Sterling
book-pubiuhino. Yard's little book, "The Publisher"
(Houghton), with its inside information on the mys-
teries of a great and honored calling, will prove of
very real interest. Its four chapters treat of "the
worst business in the world," as some, not including
Mr. Yard, might call the publisher's mode of making
a living; of what makes a book sell; of that modern
method of book-selling which the writer calls "a
dollar down and a dollar a minute"; and, finally,
of the publisher, the author, and the devil,—the
literary agent being meant by the last designation.
Mr. Yard's experience in journalism and in book-
publishing, as well as his present position as editor
of a leading magazine, qualifies him to speak with
first-hand knowledge of many things that take place
in the world of printer's ink, and he writes in a
brisk and breezy style that carries the reader un-
wearied to the end of his little book and leaves him
rather regretful that it is not a bigger book. Its
manner is not too technical for popular enjoyment,
and many of the fundamental principles it touches
on are principles that apply in more trades than one.
Concerning the perennially important problem of
advertising, the author says, inter alia, that the book-
buying public " is itself the eager seeker for the new
and the worth while between book covers. And it
will naturally seek its information where information
can be found most easily and cheaply, namely, in the
advertising pages of those periodicals habitually used
by the largest number of publishers. There are not
many of these periodicals, and it is obvious that the
publisher who seeks this useful public need go little
further with his advertising." Book-publishing is
"essentially a one-man business," he insists, "though
the wise publisher surrounds himself with strong,
sympathetic advisers." On the whole, Mr. Yard
shows in a very attractive light the business that,
as far as large and sure profits are concerned, might
not unreasonably be considered the worst business
in the world, but that is the only business in the
world to the born publisher; for publishers, like
poets, are born, not made. The book closes with a
certain prominent publisher's assertion that "pub-
lishing is neither a business nor a profession. It
is a career."
jeffenon't After a half century of Hamilton-
services to ianism, it is interesting to see the
the Republic, balance turn and Jefferson come into
his own again. A sign of the times is found in
the lectures delivered at Columbia University on
the George Blumenthal Foundation by the Hon.
John Sharp Williams, United States Senator from
Mississippi, now published in a volume entitled
"Thomas Jefferson: His Permanent Influence on
American Institutions "(Columbia University Press).
Rather hastily assembled and popularly written,
these lectures are seven in number, and treat re-
spectively of Jefferson as revolutionist, democratizer
of state institutions, diplomat, democratizer of
federal institutions, and president, and of his influ-
ence upon freedom of religion in America and upon
our educational institutions. Jefferson has not been
entirely fortunate in his biographers, many of his
points of view being so at odds with those of Europe
that their effect has been distorted or minimized;
but with Senator Williams his radical belief in
democracy finds a sympathy rather whole-hearted
than discriminating. Yet, there being no one more
unfortunate than the personage with whom his biog-
rapher is not in sympathy (unless it be a fictional
character under similar circumstances), it is most
agreeable to find accord so complete as in the
present case, if only as a corrective to the too dis-
criminating estimates heretofore current. Senator
Williams does not say, what the writer of this
review believes he might truthfully have said, that
American, as distinguished from European, ideas
in our governments, state and federal, find their
chief source in Jeff erson, the opposing or Hamiltonian
school grounding itself solely upon the aristocratic
methods of older lands. He does make clear,
however, that these ideas arose among English and
Scotch philosophical historians, and were adapted
by the genius of Jefferson to our needs, and that
Jefferson's influence upon the French Revolution
was much greater than the influence over him of
either the revolutionaries or their predecessors, the
encyclopaedists. Another interesting paper might
have been written, in the nature of a synopsis of
the others, on Jefferson's political philosophy, upon
which the modern school of individualism is based,
and certainly more might have been said about the
little comprehended fact that the Jeffersonian influ-
ence in our government is the conservative influence,
all the radical and Europeanizing measures which
we have made ours having their origins in one or
another of the political parties which that founded
by Jefferson has seen rise, grow moribund, and die,


1913]
215
THE DIAL
largely through adventitious opportunism, lack of
idealism, and neglect of principle. To those wishing
to form an estimate of Jefferson's services to the
Republic which will serve as an antidote to the poi-
son once written about him by Mr. Roosevelt (though
Mr. Roosevelt's new party announces itself as based
upon Jeffersonian ideals), Senator Williams's uni-
formly interesting lectures can be freely commended.
Studirt of
Feminitm
in action.
Under the ambitious title, "Women
as World Builders: Studies in Mod-
ern Feminism" (Forbes), Mr. Floyd
Dell has considered the feminist movement in a
manner and from a standpoint new to American
discussion. His book is in direct line of descent
from the once potent English pamphlet, written
briefly, impressionistically, and with a good deal
of that cleverness which made the pamphlet such a
power in the days of its prime as an instrument of
propaganda. Mr. Dell's standpoint is new in that
he eschews theory, after his introductory chapter,
and discusses the actual contributions of living
women to the new world synthesis in which self-
conscious womanhood is beginning to play so im-
portant a part. At first sight the author's grouping
of his subjects will appear rather incongruous. For
the most part he pairs them off, Miss Addams and
Mrs. Pankhurst in one chapter, Olive Schreiner
and Isadora Duncan in another, and so forth. But
he succeeds in justifying these curious pairings.
The pacific temper of Miss Addams is well con-
trasted with the militant temper of Mrs. Pankhurst—
although with Mr. Dell's dictum that Miss Addams's
temper of conciliation is not a feminine but a mas-
culine trait, and that, therefore, Mrs. Pankhurst is
more truly representative of feminine aspiration and
method of attainment, not all of us will agree. The
justification for pairing Olive Schreiner and Isadora
Duncan lies in the fact that although they are super-
ficially far apart, they are akin in this, that each
has shown a new avenue to woman's freedom, one
through the channel of industrial activity, the other
through the channel of artistic activity,—emanci-
pating, one the hand from idleness, and the other
the body from Puritan bans upon its play activities.
From women as a working section of the world, and
apart from these other avenues of freedom which he
describes them as opening up, Mr. Dell expects a
greater radicalism than from men, and a greater
readiness to tear down our present social structures
wherever they are found to obstruct the building of
the new society of the future.
Jfoit-bookt of Two considerations make "TheNote-
tne author of Books of Samuel Butler," as edited
"Brewhon." j,v jfr> Henry Festing Jones, of
exceptional interest. First, the volume is a docu-
ment of a little-known writer, one who failed of
the ordinary literary success of getting his books
published at some one else's expense, and of getting
them read by the multitude. This is something
a priori in its favor. Some readers find the minor
poets the truest poets, and obscure writers the most
suggestive. A reading of Butler's notes will open
one's eyes to the filmy veil between popularity
and unpopularity, between obscure and luminous.
Butler's own explanation of his failure to secure a
hearing,—that he had played the enfant terrible,
scattering bombs among the "big wigs" of both
science and religion,— is probably correct in part.
Other reasons appear in the Notes: it is evident
that he was somewhat vain, jealous, and (what is
perhaps more dangerous to a literary reputation)
overfond of a thin fancy and humorous "small
beer." Nevertheless he has recorded here many
wise and witty things, most of them well worthy of
the "big wigs" he so delighted to satirize. The
other consideration is that these are extracts from
note-books,— the most intimate, piquant, first-hand
revelations of a man's mind. Butler's reason for
keeping such full notes is delightfully put: "One's
thoughts fly so fast that one must shoot them; it is
no use trying to put salt on their tails." The bril-
liant, wavering half-thoughts, the twilight sugges-
tions,— if we could only get them down just as
they are, even though we never get them properly
stuffed and mounted,—what a delight and enrich-
ment of our personality they would be! Note-Books
such as Hawthorne's or Butler's are especially rich
to the literary amateur or professional. In them
is usually to be found the most life and the best
style. In these of Butler's, moreover, we should
say there is more truth than in his books,— less
posing and more condensation. This volume, com-
ing at a time when more interest is being evinced
in Butler than at any time previous (presaging his
cherished "seventy years of immortality"), will do
much to increase and justify — perhaps regulate —
that interest. The book is published by Mr.
Mitchell Kennerley, and contains an interesting
portrait.
Perhaps the most prophetic voice
theh"rtAnS"l° of the new age,—the age that has
turned from intellectualism, pessim-
ism, and utilitarianism toward the gospel of the
will, of effort for personality's sake and without
dogmatic guarantee of ultimate victory for man,—
and the most vigorous exponent of its tendencies,
is the Frenchman, M. Romain Rolland. From the
standpoint of this gospel have all his later works
been written. His biographical writings may be
regarded as canonical books in a new and entirely
human scripture. The way of life — for it is that
rather than a world view, M. Rolland being doc-
trinally agnostic—which he lays down in "Jean
Christophe," he illustrates in these biographies.
"The Life of Michael Angelo" (Dutton), as trans-
lated by Mr. Frederic Lees, is the life not primarily
of an artist but of a personality. And majestic
indeed is the personality, a Hercules whose labors
have been multiplied endlessly, who stands before
us in these pages. The actual graphic and plastic
work of Michael Angelo was so subordinated to


216
[Sept. 16
THE DIAL
the demands of his unscrupulous employers of the
Vatican that he ultimately lost faith in much of it.
Nearer to his heart came to be his quest of beauty
through love—a quest made in the purest spirit of
Platonism and finding its best fruit in the religious
Vittoria Colonna, the woman who "could understand
this old child, alone and lost in the world, and bring
to his bruised soul a little peace, a little confidence,
a little reason, and the melancholy acceptance of life
and death." But Vittoria died in 1547, and it was
not until 1564 that Michael Angelo, after an ever
more solitary and pain-racked life, at last, as he
had long hoped to do, "left time behind him." As
might be expected from the mode of his treatment,
M. Rolland draws heavily on the sonnets throughout
the course of his book, and he gives in an appendix
a comprehensive selection of the most personal and
beautiful of these in the original Italian. The book
is illustrated with reproductions of the best-known
works of its subject.
A disappointing So vital and interesting a figure was
book about William Ernest Henley, and so little
W. E. Henley, concerning him has found its way
into print, that one takes up with pleasurable expec-
tation the little book by Mr. L. Cope Cornford, re-
cently published by Houghton Mifflin Co. in their
series of " Modern Biographies." But the work is
almost a complete disappointment. It adds nothing
to our knowledge of Henley as a man, and gives us
no fresh or illuminating interpretation of his writ-
ings. Of the author's crude and labored style, the
following sentence is a not unfair example: "At any
rate, when he arrived he was desperate; and when
Lister asked him why he had come to him, Lister,
Henley replied in plain terms that it was because
the rest of the medical profession had declared that
he, Professor Lister, was (in effect) totally incompe-
tent." And here is one of the complete paragraphs:
"In 1889, was born Henley's only child, Margaret.
Her portrait was painted in oils by Charles Welling-
ton Furse, A. R. A." The best thing about the book
is the frontispiece portrait, depicting the lion-hearted
poet in a particularly leonine pose.
BRIEFER MEN TION.
In "The Philosophy of the Present in Germany"
(Macmillan), Mr. and Mrs. G. T. W. Patrick offer a
careful translation of Oswald Kttlpe's little discussion
of naturalism, idealism, and realism in Germany. The
work is popular, and useful as a survey of the philoso-
phical situation in Germany ten years ago.
"The Oxford Book of Latin Verse " (Frowde), edited
by Mr. H. W. Garrod, excludes epic and the drama and
a large part of the Latin literature which is technically
poetry but gives little or no {esthetic pleasure to its
readers. Satire, also, is excluded, which leaves out
Juvenal, Persius, and much of Horace. Otherwise, the
selection includes a great variety of matter. A few
'• favorite" English translations and imitations are ap-
pended.
"The Great Lakes Series" (Ainsworth), a set of
supplementary reading-books for elementary schools
by Dr. Edward Payson Morton, recounts the story of
American history as it was developed by the explora-
tion and settlement of the great lakes. The series
begins with "The Mohawk Valley and Lake Ontario"
and " Lake Erie and the Story of Commodore Perry."
The idea is an excellent one, and the material is of
fascinating interest.
"Italy To-day," by Messrs. Bolton King and Thomas
Okey, which in the twelve years since its original pub-
lication seems to have been accepted as probably the
best account in English of current political and social
questions in Italy, now reappears with the imprint of
Messrs. Scribner in a "new and revised edition." Al-
though the title-page bears date of 1913, we infer from
a prefatory note that this is merely a reprint of the
second English edition, with revisions down to 1909
only. Thus the vitally important events and develop-
ments of the past four years are left untouched.
Following its handsome reprint of Bulwer-Lytton's
letters to Macready, published a year or so ago, the
Carteret Book Club of Newark, N. J., now puts forth
two brochures, containing a brief essay entitled " Criti-
cism " byWaltWhitman and an "Appreciation of Charles
Dickens" by Charles Dudley Warner. It is believed
that neither of these has ever before appeared in print.
Fragmentary as they are, there is real pith and matter
in both essays ; while the distinctive form in which they
are issued, together with the fact that they are virtually
first editions, will doubtless make them eagerly sought
after by collectors. The edition is limited to one hundred
copies in each case.
The disoussion occasioned by Mr. Morley Roberts's
recent "revelations" of George Gissing's private life
makes particularly timely the publication of a new edi-
tion of Gissing's " Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft,"
which Messrs. Dutton now issue in a handsomely-
printed octavo, with a fine reproduction of Mr. Will
Rothenstein's lithographic portrait as frontispiece.
Published originally ten years ago (soon after Gissing's
death), this book has gone through many editions, and
has found a wide circle of readers. It is a book unlike
any other that we know of,— a spiritual autobiography
of the purest type, full of mellow thought finely ex-
pressed and pervaded by a rare human charm. Those
who would know what manner of man George Gissing
was should read, not Mr. Roberts's injudicious and in-
consequential volume, but" The Private Papers of Henry
Ryecroft."
A volume that should be of value to high school
teachers of literature has been prepared by Miss Sarah
E. Simons and Mr. Clem Irwin Orr, of the Washington
schools, under the title of "Dramatization" (Scott,
Foresman & Co.). The aim is "to give practical sug-
gestions for the dramatization of high school classics,"
not primarily as a means of entertainment, but as an aid
to instruction. The pedagogy of dramatization is dis-
cussed and the problem of staging carefully considered.
Twenty or more scenes from novels, short stories, epics,
and ballads are rewritten for stage presentation; these
are intended to be merely illustrative. The editors re-
gard simplicity as the keynote to successful work in the
high school. While some of their suggestions may be
beyond the resources of the smaller school, the volume
should be in many places practicable and in all sug-
gestive.


1913]
217
THE DIAL,
Notes.
A critical study of Mr. Henry James is now in active
preparation by the English critic, Mr. Ford Madox
Hueffer.
A new volume of plays by Mr. George Bernard Shaw,
containing " Fanny's First Play " along with two others,
will appear during the autumn.
Two volumes by the Indian poet, Rabindranath
Tagore, appear in the Macmillan Co.'s autumn list.
One bears the title, "The Problem of Evil, and Other
Lectures"; the other is a new collection of poems.
Sir E. T. Cook, whose Life of Kuskin proved one of
the most noteworthy biographies of recent years, is en-
gaged upon a two-volume Life of Florence Nightingale,
to be published in this country by the Macmillan Co.
Miss Estelle Stead has recently completed a bio-
graphy of her father, the late W. T. Stead, and the
work is announced for autumn publication under the
title, "My Father: Personal and Spiritual Reminis-
cences."
»The Little Schools of Port-Royal," by Mr. H. C.
Barnard, and "The Interregnum: Twelve Essays on
Religion," by Dr. R. A. P. Hill, are soon to be published
by Messrs. Putnam, in conjunction with the Cambridge
University Press.
Mrs. Mary Stewart Daggett, a Californian writer
with several books already to her credit, has just placed
with Browne & Howell Co. the manuscript of a little
story entitled "The Yellow Angel," depicting the
gradual Americanization of a Chinese cook.
Mr. Eden Phillpotts has contradicted a suggestion
that his forthcoming novel, "The Joy of Youth," con-
tains an autobiographical element. He declares that
this story of art and Italy is impersonal, as all his work
is, and that his only concern is to create character.
A collection of photogravure reproductions of " Fifty-
eight Paintings by Homer Martin," with descriptive
text by Mr. Dana H. Carroll, will be published during
the Fall by Mr. Frederic F. Sherman in form similar
to the Inness portfolio recently issued by this publisher.
Professor Stephen Leacock, of McGill University,
whose "Literary Lapses," "Nonsense Novels," and
"Sunshine Sketches" have gained their author a high
reputation as a humorist, has completed a new book
which will be published by John Lane Co. under the
title of " Behind the Beyond."
The success of the Macmillan Co.'s "Standard
Library " and "Modern Fiction Library " has led to the
projection of a " Juvenile Library," in which will appear
in the same general form and at the same low price
new editions of the most successful books for young
readers published by this house.
Dr. F. S. Chapin, of Smith College, has written a book
on "Social Evolution," which is intended to give the
general reader an elementary survey of the facts and
principles involved in the development of human nature
out of the raw materials of lower forms of life. The
book will be published by the Century Co. in the early
autumn.
The authorized biography of Henry Labouchere is to
appear shortly. The work is in the hands of Mr. Algar
Thorold, one of " Labby's" nephews, and will contain,
amongst a large number of letters, an interesting cor-
respondence between Labouchere and Mr. Joseph
Chamberlain. Messrs. Putnam will publish the work
in this conntry.
A work dealing with the theory of natural selection,
as expounded in the writings of Darwin and Wallace,
has been written by the Rev. James Marchant, with the
assistance of Dr. Alfred Russel Wallace. It examines
the view held by modern men of science on the Darwin-
Wallace theory as an explanation of the process of
organic evolution.
Mr. G. K. Chesterton has two new books in readiness
for the autumn season. One of these, "The Flying
Inn," is a partly farcical romance dealing with the ad-
ventures of the last English inn-keeper at a date when
Western Europe has been submerged by Islam and the
doctrine of abstinence from potent drinks. The other
is "The Evil of Eugenics," in which Mr. Chesterton
attacks the eugenic theory most ferociously.
A forthcoming series decidedly unhackneyed in plan
is announced by Messrs. Dutton in "The Fellowship
Books." The writers of the various volumes have been
given free rein as to choice of subject, the only stipulation
being that they must deal in a fresh and constructive
way with the factors which enlarge and enrich life. The
first volumes are as follows: "Friendship," by Mr. Clif-
ford Bax; "The Joy of the Theatre," by Mr. Gilbert
Cannan; "Divine Discontent," by Mr. James Guthrie;
and "The Quest of the Ideal," by Miss Grace Rhys.
"Man of letters, bibliographer, numismatist"— thus
runs the characterization in " Who's Who " of William
Carew Hazlitt, who died on the 8th inst. A grandson of
Hazlitt the great, he has himself established an honor-
able name in the world of letters with a long list of
original and edited works. He was born in London in
1834, and though brought up to follow the profession of
civil engineer, he turned at an early age to literature
and archaeology. His first book, "Memoirs of William
Hazlitt," appeared in 1867. Among the more notable
of his other writings are the following: "The Venetian
Republic," "Four Generations of a Literary Family,"
"Leisure Intervals" (poems), "The Lambs," "Lamb
and Hazlitt," "Shakespeare: The Man and his Work,"
and "Faiths and Folklore." He edited important edi-
tions of Warton's History of English Poetry, Lamb's
Letters, Dodsley's Old Plays, and Montaigne's Essays
and Letters, as well as an eight-volume series of " Bib-
liographical Collections and Notes."
After a long life-time of neglect, the great French
naturalist M. Honri Fabre seems at last to be coming
into his own. The three volumes of selections from his
Souvenirs entomologiques already published are to be fol-
lowed by a complete translation into English, made by
Mr. Alexander Teixeira de Mattos, of the entire ten
volumes of the Souvenirs. Instead of following the
chronological order of the original, the translator has
devised a series of volumes each of which will be de-
voted to a specific order of insects. The first of these
has already appeared, under the title of "The Life of
the Spider"; and the second, "The Life of the Fly,"
will be published immediately. This is to be followed
by "The Wild Bee," with a chapter on the Red Ants;
and then in due course will appear volumes on the Beetle
and the Weevil, the Wasp, the Grasshopper, the Butter-
fly and the Moth, the Bug, and the Scorpion. The
translation, which is an authorized one, will be published
in this country by Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co. We note,
in this connection, that besides the very interesting Life
of Fabre by Dr. G. V. Legros recently issued in English
translation, another and more extended biography has
been completed by the naturalist's namesake and distant
kinsman, M. Augustin Fabre.


218 THE DIAL. [Sept. 16
Announcements of Fall Books.
It has been the custom of The Dial for many
years past to place before its readers at this time
a complete classified list of books announced for
issue during the Fall and Winter season by the
principal American publishers. These lists, care-
fully compiled for our pages from authentic infor-
mation obtained especially for this purpose, have
come to be accepted as a feature of the utmost
interest and value to librarians, booksellers, and
private book-buyers. The list for the present year,
herewith presented, contains over seventeen hundred
titles, representing the output of about sixty pub-
lishers. Considerations of space make necessary
the carrying over to our next issue of two depart-
ments —" School and College Text-Books" and
"Books for the Young." Some of the more inter-
esting features among these announcements are
commented upon in the leading editorial in this
issue of The Dial.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
The Letters of Charles Eliot Norton, with biographi-
cal comment by Sara Norton and M. A. De Wolfe
Howe, 2 vols., illus., $5. net.—Some Letters of
William Vaughn Moody, edited by Daniel G. Mason,
$1.50 net.—The Summit of the Years, by John
Burroughs, $1.15 net.—Emerson's Journals, edited
by Edward W. Emerson and Waldo E. Forbes, Vols.
IX. and X., illus., per vol. $1.75 net.—Dandies and
Men of Letters, by Leon H. Vincent, illus., $3. net.
—The Dickens Dictionary, by Gilbert A. Pierce,
new edition.—In the Old Paths, by Arthur Grant,
illus., $1.50 net.—The Greatest Books in the World,
interpretative studies, by Laura Spencer Porter,
$1.25 net.—More Letters of an Idle Man, $1.25 net.
—The Publisher, by Robert Sterling Yard, $1. net.
(Houghton Mifflin Co.)
The Letters, Speeches, and Correspondence of Carl
Schurz, edited by Frederic Bancroft, 6 vols., with
photogravure portrait, $12. net.—The Cambridge
History of English Literature, edited by A. W.
Ward, LittJX, and A. R. Waller, M.A., VoL X.,
The Rise of the Novel: Johnson and His Circle,
$2.50 net.—Latin Songs, ancient, mediaeval, and
modern, with music by Calvin S. Brown, $2.50
net.—Dedications, an anthology of the forms used
from early days of bookmaking to the present
time, compiled by Mary Elizabeth Brown, $2.50
net.—Rambles in Autograph Land, by Adrian H.
Jolin, with foreword by Van Tassel Sutphen, illus.,
$2.50 net.—Joyous Gard, by Arthur Christopher
Benson, $1.50 net.—Folk-Ballads of Southern Eu-
rope, by Sophie Jewett, $1.50 net. (G. P. Putnam's
Sons.)
American and English Studies, by Whitelaw Reid,
2 vols., per vol. $2. net.—History as Literature,
and other essays, by Theodore Roosevelt, $1.50
net.—Shakspere as a Playwright, by Brander Mat-
thews, illus. in color, etc., $3. net. (Charles Scrib-
ner's Sons.)
The Letters of Hester Piozzo to Penelope Penning-
ton, 1788 to 1822, edited by Oswald G. Knapp,
illus., $4.50 net.—On Life and Letters, by Anatole
France, second series, $1.75 net.—A Tower of Mir-
rors, by Vernon Lee, $1.25 net.—Footnotes to Life,
by Frank Crane, $1. net.—The Valley of Shadows,
by Francis Grierson, new edition, illus. in color,
$1.50 net. (John Lane Co.)
American Ideals, character and life, by Hamilton
Wright Mabie, $1.50 net.—Loiterer's Harvest, by
Edward V. Lucas.—Harvest Home, by Edward V.
Lucas.—The Golden Bough, a study in magic and
religion, by J. G. Frazer Litt.D., third edition,
Part VI., The Scapegoat, Part Vn., Balder the
Beautiful.—Roads from Rome, by Anne C. E. Al-
linson, $1.25 net. (Macmillan Co.)
Channels of English Literature, edited by Oliphant
Smeaton, new vols.: The English Novel, by George
Saintsbury; Lyric Poetry, by Ernest Rhys; each
$1.50 net.—The Adventurous Simplicissimus, being
the description of the life of a strange vagabond
named Melchior Sternfels von Fuchshaim, written
in German by Hans Jacob Christoph von Grimmel-
shausen, and now for the first time done into
English, $2.50 net. (E. P. Button & Co.)
Red-Letter Days of Samuel Pepys, passages from the
Diary, edited by Edward Frank Allen, with in-
troduction by Henry B. Wheatley, illus. in color,
etc., $1.50 net.—In Midsummer Days, by August
Strindberg, $1.25 net.—The Fools of Shakespeare,
by Frederick Warde, illus., $1.25 net. (McBride,
Nast & Co.)
The Regent Library, new vols.: Disraeli, by Wilfrid
Meynell; Newman, by Daniel O'Connor; Fanney
Burney, by Thomas Seccombe; Tobias Smollett,
by C. E. Lawrence; John Dryden, by A. W. Evans;
Walter Savage Landor, by Valery Larbaud; John
Milton, by R. P. Cowl; Edgar Allan Poe, by Thom-
as Seccombe and Stephen Langton; The Brontes,
by Mrs. Egerton Castle; each, cloth 90 cts. net;
leather $1.25 net. (Browne & Howell Co.)
From the Letter-Files of S. W. Johnson, edited by
Elizabeth A. Osborne, illus., $2.50 net.—The Eliza-
bethan Club Reprints, edited by Charles F. Tucker
Brooke. (Yale University Press.)
Myths and Legends of the Plains, compiled by Kath-
arine B. Judson, illus., $1.50 net.—The Study of
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224 THE
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Brown & Co.)
Reader's Handy Volume Editions, new vols.: Lea
Miserables, by Victor Hugo, 5 vols., with photo-
gravure frontispieces; Modern Painters, by John
Rusk in, 5 vols., illus.; Works of Charles Lamb,
5 vols., with photogravure frontispieces; per vol.,
$1. net. (Dana Estes & Co.)
The Works of Anatole France, new popular-priced
edition, first vols.: The Red Lily, trans, by Wini-
fred Stephens; At the Sign of the Reine Pldauque,
trans, by Mrs. Wilfrid Jackson; The Gods are
Athirst, trans, by Alfred Allinson; each $1.25 net.
(John Lane Co.)
The Complete Works of James Whitcomb Riley, bio-
graphical edition, edited by Edmund H. Eitel,
6 vols., illus., $12. net. (Bobbs-Merrill Co.)
Bourrienne's Memoirs of Napoleon, abridged by Rob-
ert Armstrong, illus. in color, $1. net. (Sully &
Kleinteich.)
HOLIDAY GIFT-BOOKS.
News of Spring, and other nature studies, compris-
ing a new essay and some already published, by
Maurice Maeterlinck, trans, from the French by
Alexander Teixeira de Mattos, illus. in color by
Edward J. Detmold, $4. net.—Our Friend the Dog,
by Maurice Maeterlinck, trans, from the French
by Alexander Teixeira de Mattos, new edition, illus.
in color by Cecil Alden, $1.25 net.—The Pictorial
Life of Christ, illus. from scenes modelled by D.
Mastroianni, $2. net.—Beauties, drawings in color
by Harrison Fisher, with poems by Carolyn Wells
and decorations by Theodore B. Hapgood, $3.50
net.—The Deserted Village, by Oliver Goldsmith,
illus. in color by W. Lee Hankey, new and cheaper
edition, $2.50 net.—Rhymes of a Rolling Stone, by
Robert W. Service, illustrated edition, $2. net.—
Wives and Daughters, an every-day story, by Mrs.
Gaskell, with preface by Thomas Seccombe, illus.
by M. V. Wheelhouse, $1.60 net.—Because You Are
You, by Kate Whiting Patch, illus. in color by
John Rae, $1.25 net.—The Four Seasons, by Carl
Ewald, trans, from the Danish by Alexander Teix-
eira de Mattos, illus., $1.20 net.—Alliterative
Anomalies for Infants and Invalids, by John Cowie
and William Hammond, cartoons printed in colors
set off by alliterative text, 75 cts. net.—Golf Yarns,
the best things about the game of golf, compiled
and illustrated by H. B. Martin, 50 cts. net.
(Dodd, Mead & Co.)
The Near East, by Robert Hichens, illus. in color from
paintings by Jules Guerin, $6. net.—Romantic
America, by Robert Haven Schauffler, illus. in
color, etc., by Maxfield Parrish and others, $5. net.
—The Jungle Book, by Rudyard Kipling, illus. in
color by M. and E. Detmold, $2.50 net.—Miss Santa
Claus of the Pullman, by Annie Fellows Johnston,
illus. in color, etc., by Reginald Birch, $1.20 net.—
Jungle Jingles, verse and pictures by Oliver Her-
ford, $1. net.—Daddy-Do-Funny, by Ruth McEnery
Stuart, illus. by G. H. Clements, $1. net.—Little
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Shavers, $1. net. (Century Co.)
Parsifal, the legend of the Holy Grail, trans, by T. W.
Rolleston, illus. in color by Willy Pogany, $6. net.
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by Christopher Clark, $2.50 net.—The Myths of
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etc., $2.50 net.—Excursions, by Henry D. Thoreau,
illus. from photographs by Clifton Johnson, $2. net.
—The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, illus. in color
by Willy Pogany, cheaper edition, $1.50 net.—
Meditations, a year book, by James Allen, $1. net.
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Chamberlin, 75 cts. net.—Tristan und Isolde, re-
told by Oliver Huckel, printed in two colors, 75 cts.
net.—Kipling Day by Day, edited by Alice C.
Bryant, 60 cts.—The Little Window, by Helen M.
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net.—Their Christmas Golden Wedding, by Caroline
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net.—The Secret of Love, by J. R. Miller, D.D.,
illus. in color, 50 cts. net. (Thomas Y. Crowell Co.)
Poems from the "Leaves of Grass" of Walt Whitman,
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legends, trans, by Eugene Mason, illus. in color by
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peare, decorated by Edith A Ibbs, $1. net.—Fellow-
ship Books, first vols.: Friendship, by Clifford Bax;
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Ideal, by Grace Rhys; each 75 cts. net.—A Prayer
for Christmas Morning, by Henry Van Dyke, illu-
minated in colors, 50 cts. net. (E. P. Dutton & Co.)
Kidnapped, being the memoirs of the adventures of
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full-page illustrations, title-page, and cover in
color by N. C. Wyeth, $2.25 net.—The Toiling of
Felix, by Henry van Dyke, with paintings in color,
decorations and letter-text by Herbert Moore, $1.50
net.—The Wind in the Willows, by Kenneth Gra-
hame, illus. in color by Paul Branson, $2. net.—A
Girl's Life, pictures in color by Harrison Fisher,
$3.50 net.—Pacific Shores from Panama, by Ernest
Peixotto, illus. by the author, $2.50 net.—Steven-
son's Child's Garden of Verses, illus. in color, etc., by
Emma Troth, 75 cts. net.—The Little Gift Book,
illus. in color by Harrison Fisher, $1.25 net.
(Charles Scribner's Sons.)


1913]
233
THE DIAL
The Russian Ballet, text by A. E. Johnson, illustra-
tions in color by Rene Bull, $6. net.—The Carolina
Mountains, by Margaret W. Morley, illus. in color,
etc., $3. net.—Ivanhoe, by Walter Scott, illus. in
color by E. Boyd Smith, $2.50 net.—The Country
of Sir Walter Scott, by Charles S. Olcott, illus.
from photographs by the author, $3. net.—Tales of
a Wayside Inn, by Henry W. Longfellow, Visitors'
edition, illus., $1. net.—The House of Seven Gables,
by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Visitors' edition, illus.,
$1. net. (Houghton Mifflin Co.)
The Old Boston Post Road, by Stephen Jenkins, illus.
from old prints, photographs, etc., $3.50 net.—Old
Court Life in Spain, by Frances M. Elliot, illus. in
photogravure, etc., $5. net.—Cathedrals and Clois-
ters of Northern France, by Elise Whitlock Rose,
2 vols., illus. in photogravure, etc., $5. net.—A
Venetian June, by Anna Fuller, illus. in color from
paintings by Frederick S. Coburn, $3. net.—Under
the Greenwood Tree, by Thomas Hardy, illus. in
color by Keith Henderson, $2.50 net.—Poetry of
Heroism, selected and edited by John Jean Lang,
illus. in color by W. Rainey, $2.50 net. (G. P. Put-
nam's Sons.)
Eothen, or Traces of Travel Brought Home from the
East, by A. W. Kinglake, with introduction by
Samuel L. Bensusan, illus. in color by Frank
Brangwyn, $3.50 net.—Tales from Washington Liv-
ing's Traveller, illus. in color by George W. Hood,
$2.50 net—Hunting Songs, by G. J. Whyte-Melville,
illus. in color by G. D. Giles, $2. net.—Westminster
Abbey, by W. J. Loftie, illus. in color by Herbert
Rail ton, $1.50 net.—Gift Book, stamped in gold and
printed in four colors, $2. net.—Lady Laughter, by
Ralph Henry Barbour, illus. in color by Gayle Hos-
kins, $1.50 net.—A Rose of Old Quebec, by Anne
Hollingsworth Wharton, illus. by M. J. Spero, $1.25
net. (J. B. Lippincott & Co.)
The Morte d'Arthur, by Alfred Lord Tennyson, illumi-
nated in missal style by Alberto Sangorski, $1.75
net.—The World's Romances, new vols.: Faust and
Marguerite, retold by Ethel Wilmot-Buxton, illus.
by Norman Little; Paola and Francesca, retold by
W. E. Sparks, illus. by W. Matthews; Sigurd and
Gudrun, retold by W. E. Sparks, illus. by Frank G.
Pape; each $1. net. (Dana Estes & Co.)
The Home Book of Verse, compiled by Burton E.
Stevenson, two-volume gift edition in fine binding,
$18. net.—Village Life in America, 1852 to 1872, as
told in the diary of a school girl, by Caroline Cowles
Richards, with introduction by Margaret E. Sang-
ster, third edition, enlarged and illustrated, $1.30
net.—On Some of Life's Ideals, by William James,
leather edition, $1. net. (Henry Holt & Co.)
The Luck o' Lady Joan, a fairy tale for women, by
Josephine Daskam Bacon, illus. by Clara Elsene
Williams, 50 cts. net.—Next Christmas, by Byron
E. Veatch, 50 cts. net—The "Bow" Series, by Ber-
ton Braley, first vols.: Love Lyrics of a Shop Girl;
Love Lyrics of a Chauffeur; Love Sonnets of a
Manicure; Sonnets of a Suffragette; each printed
in two colors, per vol. 50 cts. net. (Browne &
Howell Co.)
The Flying Islands of the Night, by James Whit-
comb Riley, illus. in color by Franklin Booth, $3.
net.—The Christy Portfolio of American Belles,
illus. in color, $2.50.—Dream Life, by Donald G.
Mitchell, illus. in color by E. M. Ashe, $1.50.—The
Song of the Cardinal, a love story of the Limber-
lost, by Gene Stratton-Porter, new edition, illus.
in color by Worth Brehm, $1.35 net.—The Riley
Baby Book, by James Whitcomb Riley, illus. by
William Cotton, $1.50 net.—Good Bye, Jim, by
James Whitcomb Riley, illus. in color by Howard
Chandler Christy, $1. net.—A Hoosier Romance, by
James Whitcomb Riley, illus. by John Wolcott
Adams, $1. net.—Riley Booklets, seven titles, illu-
minated in color by Edith Chamberlain, 50 cts.
net.—He Knew What Was in Man, an address, by
William Lowe Bryan, decorated in color by Edith
Chamberlain, 50 cts. net. (Bobbs-Merrill Co.)
The Bug Book, drawings by Harrison Cady, $1.50 net.
—The Christmas City, by Lewis Gaston Leary,
illus., $1.25 net.—In the Heart of the Christmas
Pines, by Leona Dalrymple, illus., 50 cts. net.—The
Man Who Found Christmas, by Walter Prichard
Eaton, with frontispiece in color by Walter Kink
Stone, 50 cts. net.—The Pie and the Pirate, by
Albert Lee, illus. by Orson Lowell, 50 cts. net.
(McBride, Nast & Co.)
Rippling Rhymes, by Walt Mason, illus. by Dan Sayre
Groesbeck, $1.25 net.—The Larger Values, by
Humphrey J. Desmond, 50 cts. net.—A Christmas
When the West was Young, by Cyrus Townsend
Brady, decorated by Lawrence Kennedy, 50 cts.
net. (A. C. McClurg & Co.)
Royal Castles of England, by Henry C. Shelley, illus.,
$3. net.—The Spell Series, new vols.: The Spell of
Switzerland, by Nathan Haskell Dole; The Spell
of the Rhine, by Frank Roy Fraprie; each illus.,
$2.50 net.—The Art of the Imperial Hermitage
Gallery, by James A. Schmidt, illus., $2. net. (L. C.
Page & Co.)
Old Plantation Melodies, by Stephen Collins Foster,
Walter Kittredge, and others, illus. by Charles
Copeland, Mary Hallock Foote, and others, $1.50
net.—The Portrait and Autograph Birthday Book,
arranged by Isabel Burt, with photogravure front-
ispiece, $1.50 net.—In the Garden of Delight, a
nature anthology in prose and verse, compiled by
John Richardson, illus. in photogravure, etc., $1.35
net. (H. M. Caldwell Co.)
Cambridge from Within, by Charles Tennyson, illus.
in color, etc., by Harry Morley, $3. net.—The
Charm of Paris, an anthology, compiled by Alfred
H. Hyatt, illus. in color by Harry Morley, $1.50
net.—The Charm of Edinburgh, an anthology, com-
piled by Alfred H. Hyatt, illus. in color, $1.50 net.
(George W. Jacobs & Co.)
How I Spent My Million, by J. Edgar Park, illus. by
H. Boylston Dummer, 75 cts. net.—A Bedouin
Lover, by William Allen Knight, illus., 50 cts. net.
—The Pilgrims' First Christmas, by Josephine Pitt-
man Scribner, illus. by Frank T. Merrill, 50 cts. net.
—Abram's Freedom, by Edna Turpin, illus. by
Frank T. Merrill, 50 cts. net.—The Secret of
Achievement, by Marion Leroy Burton, 50 cts. net.
—The Prodigal Son, by Ambrose W. Vernon, illus.
in color, 50 cts. net.—The Attractive Way, by W.
T. Grenfell, illus., 50 cts. net.—Unique Envelope
Series, new titles: A Woman's Hope, by Alice Free-
man Firman; On the Trail of the Blossoming
Desert, by Mary Louise Daniels; each illus. in
color, 25 cts. net. (Pilgrim Press.)
The Old Spanish Missions of California, by Paul
Elder, with photographs by California artists.
(Paul Elder & Co.)
In Thackeray's London, by F. Hopkinson Smith,
illus. by the author, $3.50 net.—Under the Christ-
mas Stars, by Grace S. Richmond, illus., 50 cts. net.
(Doubleday, Page & Co.)
The Gospel Story in Art, by John La Farge, illus.
from famous paintings, $5. net. (Macmillan Co.)
Tales of Hoffmann, retold from Offenbach's Opera, by
Cyril Falls, illus. by A. Brantingham Simpson, $2.
net. (James Pott & Co.)
Thirty Pieces of Silver, a play by Clarence Budington
KeUand, illus., 50 cts. net. (Harper & Brothers.)


234
[Sept. 16
THE
DIAL,
A Line o' Cheer for Each Day o' the Year, by John
Kendrick Bangs, decorated by T. B. Hapgood, $1.25
net. (Little, Brown & Co.)
Four Special Calendars for 1914, comprising: The
Dinner Calendar, by Fannie Merritt Farmer,
60 cts.; The Kate Douglas Wiggin Calendar,
60 cts.; Kipling Calendar, 50 cts.; Stevenson Calen-
dar: 50 cts. (Sully & Kleinteich.)
The Love Letters of an Erratic Husband, by Arthur
K. Stern, illus. in color, $1. net. (John C. Winston
Co.)
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Lost Language of Symbolism, an inquiry into the
origin of certain letters, words, etc., by Harold
Bayley, 2 vols., illus., $6. net.—The Curious Lore
of Precious Stones, by George Frederick Kunz,
Ph.D., illus. in color, etc., $5. net.—Ships and Ways
of Other Days, by E. Keble Chatterton, illus.,
$4. net.—Handy Book of Curious Information, by
William S. Walsh, $3.50 net.—All About Postage
Stamps, by Fred J. Melville, illus., $1.50 net.—Your
Child To-day and To-morrow, by Sidonie Matzner
Gruenberg, $1.25 net.—The Making of a Forester,
by Gifford Pinchot, $1. net. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
A Woman Rice Planter, by Patience Pennington, with
introduction by Owen Wister, illus., $2.50 net.—
Mothering on Perilous, by Lucy Furman, illus.,
$1.50 net.—Arms and Armour, by Guy F. Laking,
illus. (Macmillan Co.)
Dame Fashion, 155 colored plates accompanied by
running commentary on modes and manners from
1786 to 1912, by Julius N. Price, $16. net.—The
Panama Gateway, by Joseph Bucklin Bishop, illus.,
$2.50 net. (Charles Scribner's Sons.)
The Mastery of Grief, by Bolton Hall, $1. net.—The
Home University Library of Modern Knowledge,
new vols.: Germany of To-day, by Charles Tower;
Plant Life and Evolution, by J. B. Farmer; Ancient
Art and Ritual, by Jane Harrison; A History of
Freedom of Thought, by J. B. Bury; Bacteriology
and Disease, by W. T. Councilman; Euripides, by
Gilbert Murray; Shelley, Godwin, and Their Circle,
by H. N. Brailsford; Nerves, by D. Fraser Harris;
Latin America, by William R. Shepherd; The
Ocean, by Sir John Murray; each 50 cts. net.
(Henry Holt & Co.)
The Story of Textiles, by Perry Walton, illus., $3. net.
—How to Make Things, by Archibald Williams,
illus., $1.20 net.—The Panama Canal, a history and
description of the enterprise, by J. Saxon Mills,
M.A.. illus., $1. net.—Synonvms and Antonyms, by
Edith B. Ordway, $1. net.—the Art of Story Writ-
ing, by Nathaniel C. Fowler, Jr., $1. net.—The
Handbook of Journalism, by Nathaniel C. Fow-
ler, Jr., $1. net.—The Handbook of Conundrums, by
Edith B. Ordway. 50 cts.—The Hobby Books, edited
by Archibald Williams, 6 vols., illus. in color, etc.,
each 50 cts. net.—The Handbook of Quotations, by
Edith B. Ordway, 50 cts. net.—1000 Things Worth
Knowing, by Nathaniel C. Fowler, Jr., 50 cts. net.
(Sully & Kleinteich.)
Continental Legal History Series, new vols.: Great
Jurists of the World, by various authors, edited by
Edward Manson, with portraits, $5. net; History
of Continental Criminal Procedure, by A. Esmein,
with chapters by Francois Garraud and C. J. A.
Mittermaier, trans, from the French by John Simp-
son, $4.50 net. (Little, Brown & Co.)
A Manual for Writers, by John M. Manly and John
Arthur Powell, $1. net.—Syntax of the Participle
in the Apostolic Fathers, by Henry B. Robinson.—
Assyrian and Babylonian Letters belonging to the
Konjunjik Collection of the British Museum, Parts
Xn. and XIII., edited by Robert F. Harper.—Lex-
icographical Study of the Legal and Governmental
Terms Common to the Macedonian Greek Inscrip-
tions and the New Testament. (University of Chi-
cago Press.)
The French and the English, by Laurence Jerrold,
$2.50 net—The Truth about Woman, by C. Gas-
quoine Hartley, Mrs. Walter Gallichan, $2.50 net.
(Dodd, Mead & Co.)
The Armourer and His Craft, by Charles Ffoulkes,
illus., $15. net. (Small, Maynard & Co.)
The Iron Wall, by Gerard Fiennes, illus. in color by
Donald Maxwell, $6. net. (John Lane Co.)
The Public Library Movement in the United States,
1853 to 1893, by Samuel Swett Green, A. M.,
$2.25 net. (Boston Book Co.)
Training for Efficiency, by Orison Swett Marden,
$1.25 net.—Foundation Stones to Happiness and
Success, by James Allen, 50 cts. net.—Reaching
Up and Out, by Amos R. Wells, 50 cts. net.—
Roget's Thesaurus, popular edition, revised and
enlarged by J. L. Roget, $1. net. (Thomas Y.
Crowell Co.)
Year BookB, 12 Richard II., 1388, English Common
Law Reports, edited by George F. Deiser. (Har-
vard University Press.)
The New Standard Dictionary of the English Lan-
guage, prepared under the supervision of Isaac K.
Funk, D.D., edited by Calvin Thomas and others,
new edition, revised, corrected, and enlarged, $12.
net. (Funk & WagnaUs Co.)
Practical Tree Repair, by Elbert Peets, illus., $2. net.
(McBride, Nast & Co.)
Training Young Horses to Jump, by Geoffrey Brooke.
(E. P. Dutton & Co.)
An Outline of Occult Science, by Rudolf Steiner,
trans, bv Max Gysi, $1.50 net. (Rand, McNally
& Co.)
The Panama Canal, 16 color photographs, by Earle
Harrison, $1. net. (Moffat, Yard & Co.)
The Bride's Book, a book for a wedding record, illus.
by Earl Stetson Crawford, $2.50. (Bobbs-Merrill
Co.)
How to Improve the Memory, by Edwin G. Lawrence,
50 cts. net. (A. C. McClurg & Co.)
A Book of After Dinner Stories, by Adolph Davidson,
50 cts. (H. M. Caldwell Co.)
The Letter Writer's Handbook, by John Rexburn,
75 cts. net. (Browne & Howell Co.)
Watch Your Step, monologues of a subway guard,
by Alvin McCaslin, 50 cts. net. (B. W. Huebsch.)
List of New Books.
[The following list, containing 120 titles, includes books
received by Tee Dial since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Memoirs of the Prince Imperial (1856-1879). From
the French of Augustin Filon. Illustrated, large
8vo, 248 pages. Little, Brown & Co. $4. net.
George Merediths His Life, Genius, and Teaching.
From the French of Constantln Photlades. ren-
dered into English by Arthur Price. 12mo, 253
pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50 net.
August Strlndberg! The Spirit of Revolt. By It
Lind-af-Hageby. Illustrated, 12mo, 370 pages.
D. Appleton & Co. $2. net.
HISTORY.
A History of England from the Earliest Times to
the Present Day. By A. D. Innes. Illustrated
in color, etc., large 8vo, 984 pages. G. P. Put-
nam's Sons. $3.50 net.


1918]
235
THE DIAL
New England and New Frnncet Contrasts and
Parallels In Colonial History. By James Doug-
las, LLD. Illustrated, large 8vo, 560 pages. G.
P. Putnam's Sons. $3. net.
History of the Discovery and Conquest of Costa
Rica. By Rlcardo Fernandez Guardla; trans-
lated by Harry Weston Van Dyke. Illustrated,
8vo, 416 pages. Thomas Y. Crowell Co. $3. net.
The Ottoman Empire, 1801-1913. By William Mil-
ler, M. A. With maps, 12mo, 647 pages. "Cafn-
brldge Historical Series." G. D. Putnam's Sons.
$2.50 net.
GENERAL, LITERATURE.
The Nation and the Empiret Being a Collection of
Speeches and Addresses. By Lord Milner, G. C. B.
Largo 8vo, 515 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
$3. net.
The English Novel. By George Saintsbury. 8vo,
319 pages. "Channels of English Literature."
E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50 net.
The Adventurous Slmpllclsslmus. Being the De-
scription of the Life of a Strange Vagabond
named Melchior Sternfels von Fuchshalm. Writ-
ten in German by Hans Jacob Chrlstoph von
Grlmmelshausen and now for the first time done
into English. 8vo, 431 pages. E. P. Dutton &
Co. $2.50 net.
The Myths of Mexico and Peru. By Lewis Spence.
Illustrated in color, etc., 8vo, 366 pages. Thomas
Y. Crowell Co. $2.50 net.
Literary Brevltlea. Selected and edited by John G.
Wight, Ph.D. 12mo, 464 pages. D. C. Heath
& Co.
The Art of Story Writing: Facts and Information
about Literary Work of Practical Value to Both
Amateur and Professional Writers. By Nathan-
iel C. Fowler, Jr. 12mo, 255 pages. Sully &
Klelnteich. $1. net.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
Lorna Doone. By R. D. Blackmore. Illustrated In
color by Christopher Clark. 8vo, 296 pages.
Thomas Y. Crowell Co. $2.60 net.
The Story of My Hearti My Autobiography. By
Richard Jefferles. Illustrated in color by E. W.
Waite, 8vo, 146 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co.
$2.50 net.
Excursions. By Henry D. Thoreau. Illustrated in
photogravure, etc., by Clifton Johnson, 8vo, 303
pages. Thomas Y. Crowell Co. $2. net.
The Rubalyat of Omar Khayyam. Illustrated in
color by Willy Pogany, 8vo. Thomas Y. Crowell
Co. $1.50 net.
Dramatic Worka of Geraart Hauptmann. Author-
ized edition. Edited by Ludwlg Lewisohn. Vol-
ume II., Social Dramas. 12mo, 523 pages. B.
W. Huebsch. $1.50 net.
Poema by Jean Ingelow. "Oxford" Edition. With
portrait, 12mo, 503 pages. Oxford University
Press. 50 cts. net.
The Poetical Works of Oscar Wilde. With a bi-
ographical Introduction by Nathan Haskell Dole.
12mo, 332 pages. "Astor Edition." Thomas Y.
Crowell Co. 60 cts. net.
The Man without a Country, and Other Stories. By
Edward Everett Hale. With frontispiece, 16mo,
232 pages. Thomas Y. Crowell Co. 35 cts. net.
VERSE AND DRAMA.
Everywoman's Roadi A Morality of Woman. By
Josephine Hammond. 12mo, 86 pages. Mitchell
Kennerley. $1. net.
The Theban Eagle, and Other Poems. By Chester
Allyn Reed. 12mo, 59 pages. Sherman, French &
& Co. $1.25 net.
The Mountain Spring-, and Other Poems. By Nannie
R. Glass. 12mo, 59 pages. Sherman, French &
Co. $1. net.
The Three Hills, and Other Poems. By J. C. Squire.
12mo, 112 pages. London: Howard Latimer, Ltd.
The Poems of Paul Marlett. With portrait, 12mo,
88 pages. Mitchell Kennerley. 60 cts. net.
TlRort A Drama. By Witter Bynner. 16mo, 48
pages. Mitchell Kennerley. 60 cts. net.
Songs through the Night. By Mary Ellis Robins.
16mo, 185 pages. Woodstock: The Maverick
Press. Paper.
The Still Small Volcet A Sheath of Poems of Faith.
By A. Dickson. With frontispiece, 16mo. Kansas
City: The Crafters. 25 cts. net.
FICTION.
Westwayst A Village Chronicle. By S. Weir
Mitchell, LL D. 12mo, 510 pages. Century Co.
$1.40 net.
Otherwise Phyllis. By Meredith Nicholson. With
frontispiece, 12mo, 397 pages. Houghton Mif-
flin Co. $1.35 net.
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THE DIAL
21 £>nru«jBftontf)lg Journal of ilitrrarg Criticism, Bfecusssum, anti Enfarmatfott
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
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THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
Entered aa Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office
at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879.
Nc. 655. OCTOBER 1, 1913. Vol. LV.
Contents.
PAOB
THE MUSE IN A PET 245
CASUAL COMMENT 247
The living significance of Latin. — Revising the Vul-
gate.—The highest praise of a work of literature.
— Readers' habits. — The Franklinism of Mayor
Gnynor. — Early California magazines. — All or
nothing of an author. — The bookseller's point of
view. — Ornate oratory. —Promiscuous reading. —
Arminius Vambery. — Peculiarities of the pay col-
lection.—The author of "On the Branch." — Min-
utely subdivided literature.
THE MODERN ENGLISH NOVEL: SOME TEN-
DENCIES. (Special London Correspondence.)
E. H. Lacon Watson 251
COMMUNICATION 252
The Bronte Letters. Bernard Sobel.
MR. SAINTSBURY ON THE ENGLISH NOVEL.
Charles Leonard Moore 253
THE GAME OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICS.
Edward B. Krehbiel 255
WILLIAM MORRIS AND HIS WORK. Clark S.
Northup 256
MEN AND EVENTS IN OUR EARLY NAVAL
HISTORY. Wallace Bice 258
Allen's A Naval History of the American Revolu-
tion. — Mrs. Reginald De Koven's Life and Letters
of John Paul Jones. — Mills's Oliver Hazard Perry
and the Battle of Lake Erie.
A GREAT GERMAN SOCIALIST AND STATES-
MAN. Frederic Austin Ogg 260
THE PHILOSOPHY OF CRIME AND PUNISH-
MENT. Charles Bichmond Henderson .... 261
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 264
Rambles in book-land with a book-lover.—A French
estimate of Meredith. — Records of two journalists
in the land of unrest. —State Socialism in Germany.
— The trend of religion in France.—The story of an
old Roman road. — The recent revolution in China.
— The story of Mary Stuart again retold. — English
history during the last three decades.
BRIEFER MENTION 267
NOTES 268
TOPICS IN OCTOBER PERIODICALS 269
ADDITIONAL FALL ANNOUNCEMENTS . . .270
LIST OF NEW BOOKS 274
THE MUSE IN A PET.
In his brilliant but hopelessly wrong-headed
essay on Victor Hugo, Frederic Myers com-
ments upon a poem in "L'Annee Terrible" in
which the author "paints at great length and
with startling rhetoric the possibility that God
may at last be found to have deceived us all
along—that 'the moral cosmos may be re-
duced to a chaos,' and man, the sport of destiny,
expire in a ruined universe." In that event,
the poet informs us that he himself, "terrible,
indigne\ calme, extraordinaire," will denounce
God to his own thunders. Whereupon the
essayist remarks: "M. Hugo, forsooth, would
be terrible! M. Hugo would be calm! M.
Hugo would be extraordinary! It seems likely
that at the crack of doom even M. Hugo might
see something more terrible and extraordinary
than himself." Signor Marinetti, the Italian
apostle of "futurism," would meet such an
exigency unperturbed. That he can be "more
than usual calm" under trying circumstances
we know from his own admission. When, two
or three years ago, he confronted in the Mer-
cadante Theatre of Naples a hostile audience
of "pastists," he showed his quality in a way
which only his own words can fittingly describe.
"Suddenly, among the parabolas of potatoes
and rotten fruits, I caught on the fly an orange
thrown at me. I peeled it with the greatest
calmness, and ate it slowly, by sections." This
daring action turned the tide; the audience
which came to curse remained to applaud, and
"I hastened, of course, to thank the bellowing
crowd by hurling fresh insults at them." We
are not told how many heads were broken in the
scrimmage that followed, and our chief interest
in the episode lies in the fact that there are still
to be found somewhere in our indifferent modern
world audiences who can get really excited over
discussions of art and literature. If we could
only detach from the subject to which the pink
envelopes of our newspapers are devoted even a
small fraction of the popular interest which it
commands, and divert this interest to some sub-
ject of high human concern, such as poetry or
painting, we should accomplish something really
worth while, and put all our expensive educa-
tional institutions to shame.
The bedlamite ravings of the futurists, and


246
[Oct, 1
THE DIAL
their nightmare creations of the pen and the
brush, have at least this of value: they arouse
passions and provoke thought. Worthier objects
of passion and thought there doubtless are in
the world of art, but a lively interest in things
aesthetic, even if stimulated by the most ignoble
examples, is better than no interest at all, for
that way lies spiritual stagnation. Thus in
poetry a Marinetti or an Ezra Pound may have
his uses, and the Muse in a pet, or a tantrum,
although bad-mannered and unconcerned with
the amenities of criticism, may serve to remind
us of the existence of Parnassus, a fact which
men battening on the moors of philistinism are
in danger of forgetting. As Mr. Scott-James
has just said in " The North American Review,"
"poetry has now become a mentionable subject
in decent society," which is a condition of things
that we must applaud, even if we owe it to poets
and critics who browse upon only the lower
slopes of the sacred hill or who wallow in the
morasses at its base.
The futurist muse has very decided ideas of
what she does not like in poetry, although the
sort of thing she offers as a substitute is, to say
the least, disconcerting. She is bent, according
to Signor Marinetti, upon the destruction at any
cost of these four intellectual poisons: "1, The
sickly and nostalgic poetry of distance and recol-
lection; 2, Romantic sentimentalism rippling
in the moonlight, with its fatal ideal of woman-
beauty; 3, The obsession of lust, with the tri-
angle of adultery, the pepper of incest, and the
exciting seasoning of sin in the Christian sense;
4, The deep passion for the past, accompanied
by the craze of the antiquarian and collector."
Poetry without these themes or sources of inspir-
ation would be considerably at a loss, we should
say. After such a clean sweep of his normal
sustenance from the board, the poet might well
feel himself, as Tennyson did after he had been
FitzGerald's (vegetarian) guest for some weeks,
"A thing enskied
(As Shakespeare has it) airy light
To float above the ways of men."
The only writers of the past (poets or others)
that futurism accepts as having at least groped
toward the right path are Emile Zola, Walt
Whitman, Rosny aine, Paul Adam, Octave Mir-
beau, Gustave Kahn, and Verhaeren. All the
others are left to the outer darkness.
But we must not forget the automobile and
the aeroplane and the blast furnace, for these are
types of the energy which is so dear to the futu-
rist mind, and are the effective substitutes of-
fered for all the sentimental rubbish of the past.
With these symbols one can go far in thefuturist
world of creating, and it,is no wonder that we
find Signor Marinetti lecturing the English Upon
"ce deplorable Ruskin," who despised them so
heartily. Futurism is nothing if not thorough-
going, and it lays its axe at the very roots of the
written language. Punctuation, adjectives, and
adverbs are all to be abolished, and all verbs are
to be used in the infinitive. When the rules of
diction laid down for writers are relentlessly ap-
plied, we get such a farrago as the following,
which is taken from a sample piece of descriptive
writing devoted to the battle-field: "Tours
canons virilite" volees ejection tele'm&tre extase
toumbtoumb 3 secondes toumb-toumb flots
sourires rires ploff plouff glouglouglouglou
cache-cache cristaux vierges chair bijoux perles
iodes sels bromes jupons gaz liqueurs bulles 3
secondes." It reads like a cipher cable code,
and if such is to be the literature of the fu-
ture, we shall all have to begin our education
over again. The futurist manifesto offers us
one delightful rule of conduct so inclusive as
to make most further directions superfluous.
"We must spit upon the altar of art every
day." Simple and to the point! Signor Mari-
netti reminds us of the bad boy who, in "The
Session of the Poets," created a scandal by get-
ting up and shouting: "I disbelieve wholly in
everything! There!"
In a frequently quoted letter, Ibsen speaks
of the time, now near at hand, when we shall
advance with a leap into the coming age.
"Hej! How ideas will tumble about us!"
Ideas certainly tumble about us when we get
into futurist company, and the degringolade
of the old aesthetic order assails our ears with
such a clattering as might be imagined if the
gentleman in the futurist painting, "Nu descen-
dant l'escalier," should suddenly fall to pieces.
It would be a matter for jest merely, were it
not the logical outcome of that sinister tendency
of our time to reject all the established teach-
ings and ideals of the past, all the rules of con-
duct and canons of belief by which the social
and the intellectual order have thus far been
kept together, and the history of civilization
held in continuity. If we dally overmuch with
the destructive notions that are invading our
political and social life on every hand, and refuse
recognition to the old settled sanctities of con-
duct and belief, we shall assuredly be called
upon to pay some kind of a penalty, and no
light one, for our indecision. History will


1913]
247
THE DIAL
always be mankind's best mentor, and the term
"pastist," coined for reproach by our amusing
futurist friends, will be accepted as a title of
honor by every serious fighter for human wel-
fare.
CASUAL COMMENT.
The living significance of Latin, a so-called
dead language, has never been more convincingly
demonstrated than by Miss Frances Ellis Sabin,
assisted by Miss Loura B. Woodruff, in their excel-
lent handbook on "The Relation of Latin to Prac-
tical Life," described in its sub-title as a collection
of "concrete illustrations in the form of an exhibit"
Miss Sabin, who is at the head of the Latin depart-
ment in the Oak Park and River Forest (Illinois)
Township High School, has undertaken to supply
Latin teachers and Latin students with such unan-
swerable arguments in favor of Latin studies as
shall forever stop the mouths of objectors to those
studies. And her exhibit, as she calls it, is indeed
impressive, showing, with the aid of graphic and
other illustration, how the life and literature and
language of ancient Rome are woven into the very
texture of modern every-day thought and speech and
action. Incidentally and unavoidably the significance
of Greek to the world of to-day is often touched
upon. An "outline" sketches in nine brief proposi-
tions the plan of the handbook, and sixty "exhibits"
bring strikingly to one's notice the many and varied
proofs of these propositions. Large wall-cards for
the display of these proofs and illustrations accom-
pany the handbook, the whole being prepared under
the auspices of the Classical Association of the
Middle West and South, and procurable from Miss
Sabin. The author's list of " problems of to-day"
that were "live questions in Rome" is of especial
interest. First comes a humorously appropriate
cartoon by Mr. J. T. McCutcheon, and then the list:
"The high cost of living, election of candidates by
direct vote of the people, relation between business
and politics, government control of public utilities,
maintenance of the army and navy, graft in the
business world, methods of taxation, corruption in
politics, the race problem, the labor problem, capital
punishment, foreign relations, lawlessness, suffrage,
class privilege, eugenics, divorce, education, religion,
immigration." Probably the most generally con-
vincing demonstrations in the book are those dealing
with language and literature and illustrating the
indebtedness of our daily speech, our familiar allu-
sions, our habits of thought, our reading and our
writing, to the language and literature and life of
ancient Rome. Ample room is left for additional
illustrations on the large wall-cards, thus calling for
originality and resourcefulness on the teacher's or
lecturer's part. Mention should here be made also
of the many authorities quoted in favor of classical
studies in modern education.
Revising the Vulgate, in order to determine
the exact wording of St. Jerome's Latin version of
the fourth century, in compliance with the behest of
Pope Pius X., will be a tremendous task for the
commission appointed six years ago by papal decree.
Individual members of that body will pass away
and be replaced by others long before the work is
completed, but the commission will abide, and will
at last bring to an end the most stupendous under-
taking in text-revision that the world has seen.
Abbot Dom Gasquet, head of the Benedictine order
in England, and chairman of the revision commis-
sion, has come to this country to report the progress
already made in the great work and to solicit finan-
cial aid for its further prosecution. The biblical
manuscripts to be hunted up and collated are beyond
counting, but the ultimate fruits of all this dusty
research will be, it is promised, of great value to
Bible students of whatever shade of orthodoxy or
heterodoxy. Benedictine scholars have been sent
out by Abbot Gasquet to ransack the libraries and
archives of Europe, from the sunny shores of the
Mediterranean to the bleak steppes of northern
Russia. Doors have been flung open to these emis-
saries, and mouldering piles of parchment submitted
to their scrutiny, so that by this time some fourteen
thousand biblical manuscripts, containing thirty thou-
sand pages, have been brought to light. Since it
was impossible to gather this mass of material in one
place for necessary study and collation, the modern
method of photography has been employed with the
ancient texts, and eventually there will be completed
at Rome a library of folio volumes displaying with
minute accuracy all the variations that, as far as can
be learned, the St. Jerome version has ever under-
gone. Already the book of Genesis has been thus
revised and printed, and the Abbot hopes to live to
see the completion of the Pentateuch and the Psalms.
This is one of the scholarly labors that, like the
Oxford English Dictionary and the Jewish Encyclo-
paedia, inspire respect for the patient and commonly
obscure and not too well-paid toiler in that field of
arduous research whence issue so many of the useful
and necessary literary tools that equip the reference
rooms of our libraries, great and small.
• • •
The highest praise of a work of literature
is perhaps contained in the reader's sigh of regret
that he himself could not have been its author, a
regret not infrequently accompanied by an idle and
foolish fancy that he might have been its author
if he had only thought of it in time. It is oftener
the form than the substance of a piece of writing
that evokes this feeling — the clothing in faultless
language what oft was thought but ne'er so well
expressed. Blanco White's famous sonnet, " Night
and Death," pronounced by many admirers to be the
most nearly perfect sonnet in the English tongue,
contains no thought that has not occurred, more or
less vaguely, to hundreds of other ponderers on the
mysteries of existence; but so apt is the imagery


248
[Oct. 1
THE
DIAL
and so fitting the language that one immediately
recognizes a masterpiece in the little poem. Then,
it may be, comes the query, Why did the English-
speaking world have to wait so many centuries for
this obviously best and, so to say, inevitable mode
of expressing that thought? Another sonnet, chanced
upon in a magazine ten years ago, struck at least
one reader as voicing almost perfectly a thought
familiar to thousands of reflective persons, but never
before so aptly uttered. It was Mr. Nathan Haskell
Dole's poem entitled "Man's Hidden Side," con-
ceived in a mood not so very unlike that which
prompted White's " Death and Night." Let it here
be reprinted, to give point to this paragraph.
"The Moon, that earthward turns her radiant face
As if she would without reserve confide
Herself to us, conceals a secret side
Whereof no mortal ever hopes to trace
The dark-environed clue. It is a place
Where strange abysmal phantasms may abide,
Where Gloom's abhorrent progenies may hide
Emprisoned by the ebon walls of Space.
Each one of us, however gay and bright
To those that dream they know us we appear,
However frankly we may keep in sight
Our alternating phases through the year,
Have, like the Moon, a side that lies in night,
Unknown to those to whom we are most dear."
Readers' habits are almost as many and varied
as are the readers themselves. In support of this
obvious proposition it will not here be necessary to
adduce a multitude of instances, but it may be of
interest to consider for a moment the very general
tendency of the reading public to do unnecessary
violence to books. The "gentle reader" leaves
every book he reads in just as good condition, as far
as the unaided eye can see, as when he began it.
Not so the rude reader. At Mount Vernon, N.Y.,
where there is a considerable immigrant population,
it has been found that books borrowed from the pub-
lic library by the horny-handed sons of toil are not
unlikely to receive hard usage. Especially is this
true of books taken by Italian working men. There-
fore it is that one now sees pasted on the covers of all
Italian books in the library the following friendly
appeal to the borrower (we give the English trans-
lation, retaining the familiar thou's and thee's):
"This book is of wise advice and useful information
for thee. Treat it well, as thou would'st a good
friend. Do not rumple it. Do not soil it. Do not
tear it. Think that after having been useful to thee
it must be of service to a great number of thy com-
patriots. To damage it, to tear it, to soil it, would
give a bad impression of thee and prevent other
Italians getting benefit from this book. Respect this
volume for the good name and for the advantage of
Italians!" Moreover, as an object lesson where
needed, a copy is exhibited of "The Immigrant's
Guide" so completely used up in one borrowing as
to be of no further service, and by its side is shown
a copy of Dante's "Divina Commedia" printed at
Venice in 1529, and still in as good condition as
when it left the press, nearly four centuries ago.
Mr. John Foster Carr, in a recent address printed
in "The Massachusetts Library Club Bulletin," re-
lates the Mt. Vernon incident, and has other notable
things to say about the relations between public
library and foreigner.
The Franklinism of Mayor Gaynor was not
so marked as to ensure the future coupling of his
name with that of the Philadelphia printer and
philosopher, but it is true that both had something
of the same shrewd common-sense and homely
wisdom, that both could give apt and terse expres-
sion to this practical sagacity, and that both were
men of the people, plain in their ways and simple
in their tastes. Almost simultaneously with Mr.
Gaynor's death there appears a volume entitled
"Mayor Gaynor's Letters and Speeches," in which
those interested in such comparisons can find pas-
sages not so very unlike in style the published let-
ters of Franklin; at least there is the likeness of
pronounced individuality, of honest intent, and of
great readiness in the expression of thought and
opinion. Each man was distinctly a "character,"
largely because each dared to be himself; and
probably Franklin would have said of his own
style of writing very much what the late mayor
wrote in answer to an inquiry from a newspaper
editor: "I fear you will find no art in my let-
ters. . . . What is the best way to write things,
you ask? Often the best way is not to write them.
But if you do, the simple way is the best." In
one respect, however, it would be difficult to find
an equal to Franklin as a letter-writer and auto-
biographer, and that is the artless candor with
which he tells us all the worst there is to be told
about himself. Such astonishing frankness would
be impossible with almost anyone else, and will
be looked for in vain in Mr. Gaynor's writings,
which, be it added, contain, here and there, more
of acerbity, of passion, of lack of self-control and
philosophic calm, than can be found in Franklin.
• • •
Early California magazines, the product of
an age when Californians might be supposed to have
had enough to occupy them in the mere getting of a
living, were of a number and a quality that reflect
credit on the literary aspirations of those gold-
digging pioneers of more than half a century ago.
At the late eighteenth annual meeting