the body, nor of the feelings,
nor of the will. First of all, it is a place of the
mind. And the justification of intellectual training
is, first, that thinking is one of the most wholesome,
most captivating, most satisfying of human pursuits.
And second, more important still, that thinking is
good because of its contribution to life. Our funda-
mental educational principle is that if a human life
has been translated from forms of feeling to those of
ideas, life has become more successful." It is safe
to predict that the importance which at Amherst
has ever been attached to the things of the mind
will suffer no diminution at President Meiklejohn's
hands. . . .
Mrs. Howe's memorialtportrait, the gift of
those many admirers of hers who have delighted to
contribute toward this testimonial which is now
formally presented to the Bostonian Society, was
unveiled the other day in the council chamber of
the Old State House, no room for it having been
found in Faneuil Hall or the Old South Meeting
House where attempts were made to have it hung.
Mrs. Howe's son-in-law, Mr. John Elliott, was the
artist naturally and fittingly chosen to paint the
portrait, and he is thought to have achieved a re-
markable likeness. Mr. Edwin D. Mead, one of
the speakers of the occasion, expressed his satisfac-
tion at seeing the portrait hung in the historic old
building, and added: "One would have to weld
together two women of the colonial period to match
Mrs. Howe, and those two women would be Anne
Hutchinson and Anne Bradstreet." Of Dr. and
Mrs. Howe's old friends, it was pleasing to note the
attendance of Mr. Frank B. Sanborn, who made a
short addreBS. Of course the "Battle Hymn" was
sung, to make the occasion complete.


1912.]
329
THE DIAL
Uj £tto $ooks.
The House of Bronte.
A veritable House of Usher that lonely par-
sonage at Ha worth must have been, at least it
so stands forth in one's mental picture of it—
blank, bare, bleak, and ominous, at the very
end of the steep and narrow street that climbs
between its double row of gray stone houses to
the apex of the hill. The ancient gray stone
church with its square and solid tower stands
opposite, and from the gray front of the little
house its five upper windows stare down upon
the mouldering tombstones of the parish grave-
yard— an accompaniment as symbolic as that
of the dark and stagnant tarn. This picture
of the house is insistently suggested when one
recalls the history of the Brontes. It has evi-
dently impressed Miss Sinclair, the author of
this latest study of the three remarkable sisters
whose literary achievement has brought 3uch
fame to this strange family. Miss Sinclair
says:
"It is the genius of the Brontes that made their place
immortal; but it is the soul of the place that made their
genius what it is. You cannot exaggerate its import-
ance. They drank and were saturated with Haworth.
. . . Haworth is saturated with them. Their souls are
henceforth no more to be disentangled from its soul than
their bodies from its earth."
The pathetic drama of Patrick Bronte's house-
hold loses none of its significance in Miss Sin-
clair's narrative. The shadow of death hovers
over the family from the beginning to the end.
Eighteen months after their advent at Haworth
the mother was buried in the vault of the gray
stone church, and on the flat stone above her
grave was carved the text "Be ye also ready."
The five little Bronte girls were sent away to a
school,—the Clergy Daughter's School, which
happened to be situated "in an unwholesome
valley." Then Marie, aged twelve, was brought
home to die; Elizabeth, aged eleven, followed
her sister. Charlotte, En\ily, and Anne were
now at Haworth again, and there they lived
undisturbed by further tragedy for seven years.
Their activities were in part domestic, but by no
means limited by the gray walls of the parsonage,
the old stone church, or the sombre cemetery.
The freedom of the moors was theirs, — the dun
and purple moors surrounded, as Mrs. Gaskell
describes them, by the sinuous, wave-like hills—
grand from the ideas of solitude and loneliness
that they suggest. And now they entered another
* The Three Brontes. By May Sinclair. Illustrated.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
world, the one created by their own imagination,
which gave the childhood of these three sisters
and their brother, Bran well, a coloring as unique
as it was intense. It is not uncommon for chil-
dren to live in a playland of strange fancies, but
here was something different from the experience
of normal childhood. "For a considerable num-
ber of years they were the 1 Islanders.'" "It
was in 1827 [Charlotte, at thirteen, records the
date] that our plays were established: Young
Men, June, 1826; Our Fellows, July, 1827;
The Islanders, December, 1827. These are our
three great plays that are not kept secret."
And then there were the secret plays, Emily's
and Charlotte's, —" shy and solitary flights of
Emily's and Charlotte's genius," Miss Sinclair
terms them. They had begun to write. "They
seem to have required absolutely no impulsion
from without," she says. "The difficult thing
for these small children was to stop writing."
And from this singular school of authorship
came in due time that astonishing group of
novels which has served for wonderment and
comment ever since.
As was to have been expected, Miss Sinclair's
study of the Brontes is vivacious, dramatic,
frank, and unconventional. She apologizes for
her book on the ground that too much has been
said already about Charlotte and her family,—
so much, indeed, that the truth itself is buried
under a confused tangle of distorted facts. She
does not spare the biographers. Mrs. Gaskell
is censured for injustice to Patrick Bronte, the
eccentric head of the house, whom Miss Sinclair
describes as "a poor, unhappy and innocent
old man." George Henry Lewes is " gross and
flippant"; and as for Mrs. Oliphant, "there is
nothing from her fame downward" that she did
not grudge Charlotte.
In 1846 appeared the volume of "Poems by
Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell"; in 1847 the
novel, " Agnes Grey," by Anne, "Jane Eyre,"
by Charlotte, and "Wuthering Heights," by
Emily. In the next year came Branwell's tragic
end, in September; in December Emily died,
aged twenty-nine; and five months later Anne
too, at twenty-seven, succumbed to the same dis-
ease (tuberculosis) which had claimed her sister.
In September of that year, 1849, Charlotte com-
pleted "Shirley." She did not lack apprecia-
tion; Mrs. Gaskell, Harriet Martineau, and
Thackeray were her admiring friends, but her
celebrity did not destroy her shyness or wean
her from her attachment to Haworth. "Villette"
was published in 1858, and in that year Char-
lotte was married to Arthur Nicholls, her father's


330
[Nov. 1,
THE
DIAL
curate. "The Professor" was not published
until 1857. In March, 1855, Charlotte Bronte
died — then in her thirty-ninth year. Her
mother's death had occurred at the same age,
and Branwell, too, had died at thirty-nine.
Miss Sinclair's book will interest all who are
interested in the Brontes; it is a study that has
unusual value. The passion, the spirit of revolt,
the elemental in the work of Charlotte and
Emily, are here given sympathetic emphasis.
To Emily the biographer gives a leading place;
"Wuthering Heights" is in her estimation
superior to "Jane Eyre," and Emily's poems
receive highest praise. It is the figure of Emily
Bronte, tall, strong, and unconquerable, solitary
and unique, that dominates Miss Sinclair's im-
agination at the conclusion of the story she has
so vividly retold. But once again, in her con-
cluding chapter, she harks back to that gray
stone house on the hill — as she found it, when
a child, in the vivid pages of Mrs. Gaskell's
wonderful life:
"I knew every corner of that house. I have an im-
pression (it is probably a wrong one) of a flagged path
going right down from the Parsonage door through
another door and plunging among the tombs. I saw six
little white and wistful faces looking out of an upper
window; I saw six little children going up and up a lane,
and I wondered how the tiny feet of babies ever got so
far. I saw six little Bronte babies lost in the spaces of
the illimitable moors. They went over rough stones
and walls and mountain torrents; their absurd petticoats
were blown upwards by the wind, and their feet were
tangled in the heather. They struggled and struggled,
and yet were in an ecstacy that I could well understand.
. . . And, all through, an invisible, intangible presence,
something mysterious, but omnipotently alive; some-
thing that excited these three sisters; something that
atoned, that not only consoled for suffering and solitude
and bereavement, but that drew its strength from these
things; something that moved in this book like the soul
of it; something that they called 'genius.'"
There is no question of the genius of Char-
lotte and Emily Bronte. But genius commonly
arrives by the broad highway of worldly knowl-
edge; so still the wonder grows — how the tiny
feet of babies ever got so far.
W. E. Simonds.
"Bedrock" (Constable & Co.) is a new English
quarterly which aims to do in the field of scientific and
secular thought about what "The Hibbert Journal" is
doing in the field of philosophy. To the layman the
most interesting articles in the October number will
be those on "Mistaken Identity " by Dr. Clifford Sully,
showing the an trustworthiness of the ordinary testi-
mony as to personal identity; and "More 'Daylight
Saving'" by Professor Hubrecht, in which arguments
are offered for a readjustment of meridian time to make
the working day correspond more closely with the light
and less with the darker hours of the twenty-four.
Explorations in the Va9ty Deep.*
The great incentives toward exploration
which have spurred adventurous spirits in the
past to hazardous endeavor are rapidly disap-
pearing. Flags fly at both the poles. The inte-
riors of the continents have been charted, the
culture of even the remotest tribes of men
has been described and their folk-lore recorded,
and the big game of the jungles and plains is
fast disappearing forever. The explorer of the
future must turn to ultra-mundane spheres for
novelty, or perchance must seek laboriously to
unravel the secrets beneath the surface of our
own little planet.
Much remains to be done in the mapping of
the ocean floor; in determining temperatures,
salinities, and currents in the sea; in detecting
the fate of the immense quantities of nitrogenous
matter washed from the continents yearly into
the sea; in analysing the slowly accumulated
deposits which make up the soft ooze of the
ocean bottom ; and, above all, in determining the
kind, extent, distribution, and natural history
(or oecology, to use a more modern term) of the
plant and animal life of the sea, and enabling
man fully and safely to reap the harvests of the
sea. Here is work which demands not only
the knowledge and training of the scientific
specialist as well as the perseverance and self-
abnegation of the saint, but also all those
qualities of hardihood, enthusiasm, daring, im-.
agination, and ingenuity which the successful
explorer of unknown polar or tropical regions
must possess.
It is not without significance that the three
authors of the works here reviewed and all of
their collaborators live on the borders of the
storm-tossed but fertile North Sea, and that a
Scotchman, a Norwegian, and an Englishman
should write of the sea and its problems. Indeed,
Murray and Hjort's "Depths of the Ocean"
is the direct result of an international coopera-
tive scientific enterprise on the part of all the
* The Depths of the Ocean. A General Account of
the Modern Science of Oceanography, based largely on the
Scientific Researches of the Norwegian Steamer "Michael
Sars" in the North Atlantic. By Sir John Murray, K.C.B.,
F.R.S., etc., of the "Challenger" Expedition, and Dr. Johan
Hjort, Director of Norwegian fisheries. With contributions
from Professor A. Appelliif, Professor H. H. Gran, and Dr. B.
Helland-Hansen. Illustrated. New York: The Macmillan Co.
Science of the Sea. An Elementary Handbook of
Practical Oceanography for Travellers, Sailors, and Yachts-
men. Prepared by the Challenger Society for the Promotion
of the Study of Oceanography. Edited by G. Herbert Fowler,
B.A., Ph.D., F.L.S., etc., sometime Assistant Professor of
Zoology, University College, London. Illustrated. New
York: E. P. Dutton & Co.


1912.]
331
THE
DIAL
nations of Northern Europe (except France)
looking towards an adequate scientific analysis
of the results of modern fishing by machinery
and endeavoring adequately to determine the
productivity of the sea and to measure the fac-
tors which condition it.
The Norwegian section of the "International
Commission for the Investigation of the Sea"
had for its leader Dr. Johan Hjort, and its ten
years of explorations in northern waters were
carried on in the "Michael Sars," a staunch
little steamer built on the main lines of a com-
mercial trawler and named for one of Norway's
illustrious zoologists. Sir John Murray, joint
author of "The Depths of the Ocean" and the
patron of the expedition, was a member of the
scientific staff of the famous Challenger Expedi-
tion of 1872-1876 and later the director of the
researches carried on upon its collections. He
was also editor of the fifty quarto volumes of
"Keports" and author of the "Summary of
Results" of this expedition, forming the most
adequate account of the life of the sea as yet
published. Such leadership at once made the
cruise of the "Michael Sars" in the summer of
1910, in the tropical and northern Atlantic,
noteworthy in the annals of marine exploration.
It made possible an attack upon the problems
of the sea with the most modern fully-tested
equipment, elaborated by the International
Commission, in experienced hands and under
expert guidance of the highest order. Brief
though this expedition was, its results are of
far more significance than those of any other
since that of the Challenger.
Some of the discoveries recorded are the detec-
tion of tidal currents in the deep sea far from
land, running a clock-wise course throughout
the day; the accurate measurement and analysis,
by means of the centrifuge, of the very minute
life in ocean waters which has usually escaped
detection even with the finest silk nets; the de-
termination by photographic plates of the depth
to which light of different parts of the spectrum
penetrates the ocean waters, and a new concep-
tion of this "light floor" of the sea and its
relation to the coloration,distribution, and move-
ments of the denizens of the deep. The collec-
tions brought up by the vastly more efficient
types of collecting apparatus used by the
"Michael Sars" afforded not only many inter-
esting and bizarre types of fishes and other
animals new to science, but also more accurate
determinations of the vertical distribution and
relative abundance of the various elements in
the population of the open sea.
Throughout the work there is constant corre-
lation of the results with the discoveries of earlier
workers in the same field, and many suggestions
as to the problems requiring further work for
their solution. The book is written for the intel-
ligent reader, and is an authoritative epitome
of our present knowledge of the sea, its physical
constants, environmental features, of the struc-
ture and composition of the ocean floor, and of
the varied life of the sea and the factors which
condition its occurrence and distribution. Not-
withstanding its composite authorship, the work
is uniformly well written, and is never lacking
in interest. It is superbly illustrated with many
original drawings and colored plates, as well as
with maps revised in accordance with the latest
data.
The Challenger Society for the Promotion
of the Study of Oceanography has prepared,
under the able editorship of its secretary, Dr.
G. Herbert Fowler, a useful work on "The
Science of the Sea," intended to serve as a hand-
book of practical oceanography for both profes-
sional and amateur scientists interested in the
ocean. It is a scientific treatise, compiled by
eminent authorities, on the various phases of the
exploration of the marine world. It is authori-
tative, up to date, and comprehensive in its scope.
Technicalities are so reduced or eliminated that
one need not be a specialist in order to use the
work intelligently. The questions that arise
whenever a scientific cruise of even slight pro-
portions is undertaken are numerous and per-
plexing. The results of practical experience in
matters of outfit, equipment, collecting methods
for plants and animals, instruments for oceano-
graphic work with soundings, salinities, temper-
atures, and currents, are here assembled in
convenient form for reference. The exploration
of the air, water, shore, sea bottom, the plants
and animals of the sea, details of yacht equip-
ment, etc., are dealt with, and there are useful
directions for dredging and trawling, for fishing
at sea, and for the preservation of marine organ-
isms. A chapter on whales and seals discusses
also the scientific bases for the reported existence
of sea serpents. Valuable suggestions for record-
ing scientific data are added by the editor.
The pages include conversion tables of nautical
measurements in English and metric units, a
classified list of manufacturers and dealers sup-
plying equipment for marine expeditions, a list
of important books on the subject, and a list of
the marine biological stations of the world. The
volume will not only be of great assistance to all
scientists concerned in those fields which have to


332
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
do with the ocean, but should also serve to in-
crease popular interest in the life of the sea and
in the exploration of its secrets on the part of
amateurs whose facilities to render service to
science in this direction are often excellent, and
whose aid is so often gladly given when adequate
direction is available.
Charles Atwood Kofoid.
The New Grant White
Shakespeare.'
Were it only as a tribute to American schol-
arship, this new edition of Shakespeare should
be welcome. Though Verplanck and Hudson
may not be forgotten, Richard Grant White
was as surely the first notable American Shake-
spearean editor as Dr. Furness, lately passed
away, was the second. White was many things
besides—dramatic and musical critic, journal-
ist, linguist, and novelist; but it is mainly his
work in the Shakespearean field that has kept
his name alive. We are carried back more
than fifty years to a time when scholarship and
literature, and literature and journalism, were
not yet divorced in our land, when professors
wrote poetry unashamed, and newspaper corre-
spondents might quote Virgil with full editorial
approval. White was a product of those condi-
tions, neither debarred by his inbred culture from
an influential active career nor yet estranged by
the distractions of such a career from scholarly
pursuits. His edition of Shakespeare was pre-
pared during the most tumultuous years of our
history, when White himself was doing much by
his "Yankee Letters" to the London "Specta-
tor" to set the cause of the North in a clearer
light before the British public.
White's critical interest in Shakespeare was
aroused by the publication of Collier's notorious
"discoveries" of marginal corrections in an old
Folio copy, the claim of which to any special
deference he vigorously denied, publishing his
arguments at considerable length. He then set
about editing Shakespeare himself, completing
the work in twelve volumes. We are informed
by Jaggard's " Shakespeare Bibliography" that
the undertaking was financed by T. P. Barton,
founder of the Boston Shakespeare Library.
Lowell, then editor of the newly-launched "At-
lantic Monthly," reviewed the early volumes in
1859, and deliberately pronounced the edition
•The New Richard Grant Whitb Shakehpeark.
Revised, supplemented, and annotated by William P. Trent,
Benjamin W. Wells, and John B. Henneman. In twelve
volumes. Illustrated. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co.
"the best hitherto published." This was in the
generation of Knight, Collier, Dyce, and Staun-
ton, all of whom preceded the Cambridge editors.
White's text was characterized by a regard for
the general superiority of the First Folio, duly
tempered with a sense of its defects; by great
acuteness in eliciting the meaning of obscure
passages; and by occasional boldness in emen-
dation. He was really a pioneer in his deter-
mined restoration of Elizabethan forms and
spellings whenever modernization threatened to
impair either sense or beauty. He was the first,
for example, to restore the possessive it, and to
reduce to regularity the manifest intention of
the Folio printers in respect to the pronunciation
or elision of e in the termination —ed. Not
always of course, was his judgment sure. In so
characteristic a Shakespearean phrase as "Now
is he turned orthography " (Much Ado, ii. 3.21),
he deserted both Quarto and Folio for Rowe's
emendation, "orthographer." And in the equally
characteristic "It were an alms to hang him"
(Ibid. 164), he followed Collier's folio, printing
"It were an alms[-deed] to hang him." It
may be said in passing that he adopted more
than a hundred readings from Collier's folio
marginalia, a sufficient evidence that he was
willing to accept that critic's emendations on
their own merits. The volumes were pro-
vided with introductions and notes, a memoir of
Shakespeare, an essay on his genius, and a his-
torical sketch of the text; and all this matter
has been faithfully retained in the present new
edition, with only such editing as the additional
light of fifty years seems to require. The " Me-
moirs" read a little oddly in this day of cold
documentary biography:
"To the now childless couple there came consolation
and a welcome care in their first-born son, whom, on the
26th of April, 1564, they christened and called William.
... Of the day of his birth, there exists, and probably
there was made, no record. Why should it have been
otherwise? He was only the son of a Warwickshire
yeoman," etc.
Yet the very slight annotation that has been
called for on the part of the revisers testifies
alike to White's thoroughness and accuracy,
and to the meagreness of later additions to our
knowledge.
Before examining the editorial work of this
new edition, it should be noted that White, late
in life, agreed with another publisher to apply
his ripened scholarship to the task of revision,
the result of which was the Riverside edition
of 1883. The text of the "Riverside" shows
countless variations from his earlier text in the
minor details of punctuation, etc., and appears


1912.]
333
THE
DIAL
to have been set up from the Globe edition of
the Cambridge editors, with which it tallies
closely in these details. At the same time, it pre-
serves the more distinctive features of White's
first text, and there is abundant evidence to sup-
port his statement that the revision had received
"in the most minute particulars his careful
attention." Though stoutly asserting his dis-
trust of all conjecture, he ventured upon several
emendations bolder than any in his first text.
Thus, the famous "dram of eale" which "Doth
all the noble substance of a doubt To his owne
scandle" (Hamlet, i.4.36) becomes
"The dram of evil
Doth all the noble substance oft adulter
To his own scandal."
And any one familiar with Prince Hal's rebuke
to Falstaff, " Peace, chewet, peace!" (1 Henry
IV., v. 1. 29), will experience some conflict of
emotions when he reads —
"Peace, suet, peace!"
Likewise, to Celia's question, " But is all of
this for your father?" (As You Like It, i. 3.
10), Rosalind is not permitted to give the tra-
ditional answer, "No, some of it is for my child's
father," but —
"No, some of it is for my father's child."
This change, he declared, was not made on any
ground of Rosalind's delicacy, but solely because
the text does not give the fitting spontaneous
reply. It is very certain that White's judgment
in these matters was never warped by sentiment,
as Dr. Furness's sometimes was. For prosaic
passages, at least, the more prosaic interpreta-
tion was likely to meet his approval. When
Benedick suspects Claudio of being in love, be-
cause, forsooth, " When was he wont to wash his
face?" White accepted the wordsquite literally,
remarking that in Shakespeare's time our race
had not yet abandoned itself to a reckless use
of water. Lowell, never over-reverent himself
when there was any opportunity for a jest,
protested against this vulgarizing of Benedick's
meaning, maintaining that " wash " referred to
cosmetics. But there is no evidence that White
ever heeded the protest. And the present writer
feels that if he could have submitted to White
a very simple interpretation of one of Lear's
mad utterances, "We '11 go to supper i' the
morning "—the interpretation, namely, that the
neglect of Lear's daughters in not having din-
ner ready for him on time is still rankling in
his mind, — he would have found one sym-
pathetic listener.
Turning now to the new edition — which
bears the imprint of the same house that issued
the first, fifty years ago — we find it to be sub-
stantially a reprint of that first edition, with
occasional slight variations in the text, and with
the original notes edited and often abridged to
make room for others added by the revisers. As
for the text itself, it is hard to see wherein it
has gained by this revision, since the work ap-
pears to have been done with either too little
care, or too much caution, to justify its being
done at all. For example, the opportunity was
not taken to throw out the disfiguring "alms
[-deed] " mentioned above, though White him-
self discarded it in his own revision. We still
have White's earlier punctuation in "moving,
delicate," and " mannerly, modest," though he
later agreed with the Cambridge editors in think-
ing that "moving-delicate" and "mannerly-
modest" better express Shakespeare's intention.
We still have the nonsense of " Doth not the
gentleman Deserve as full, as fortunate a bed,
As ever Beatrice shall couch upon?" though
here again White, along with the Cambridge
editors, reverted to the correct original texts,
expelling the intruded first comma. And we
still have the old spellings in "Full fadorn five
thy father lies," and "With twenty mortal mur-
thers on their crowns," which White (very un-
reasonably, we think, even in his day) insisted
on retaining. The textual variations that have
been admitted are faithfully indicated, but
usually with nothing to tell whether they are
alterations adopted by White himself in his
second edition, or new alterations made by the
revisers. Indeed, the second, or Riverside
edition, gets rather scant courtesy; there is
even, for example, no hint of White's emenda-
tion of the famous "dram of eale" passage
mentioned above.
The revisers' own notes are marked by great
caution. As gleanings from the contributions
of modern editors, they are useful, but there is
seldom a note of independent value. Modesty,
of course, was to be preserved, in deference to
the scholar whose merit they have so handsomely
acknowledged. Yet it seems, for instance, a little
naive to remark, upon Hamlet's " too too solid
flesh," that "White collected several passages in
which adverbs were used in this way' with inten-
sifying iteration,' " when every reader of Eliza-
bethan literature knows that these reduplications
were plentiful as blackberries, and that it is
rather our modern ears that find a peculiar inten-
sification in them. Again, when Shakespeare
writes (Sonnet II.), "This fair child of mine
Shall sum my count, and make my old excuse,"
we are told in a note that " old is obscure, pos-


334
[Nov. 1,
THE
DIAL
sibly it means' complete,' see Wyndham." But
"my old excuse " means simply " excuse for my
age," an elliptical form of expression that can be
paralleled in Shakespeare a hundred times over.
There appears to be a change in the character
of the notes in the last few volumes, beginning
with " Hamlet," which may be due to the unfor-
tunate death of Professor Henneman while the
work was in progress. Of course, the purpose
of the revisers was merely to bring the work up
to date, without making any profession of afford-
ing new light. The sum of the matter is that
for the Shakespearean student who has access
to White's own editions, this new edition, how-
ever scholarly and accurate in the main, is
negligible.
But for the Shakespearean reader and book-
lover, it is quite otherwise. The publishers have
cooperated in producing a charming set of
books. The type is very large, the lines are
unobtrusively numbered, and the more import-
ant notes are set at the bottom of the page.
There are forty-eight illustrations, mostly Gou-
pil photogravures from paintings,—for example,
Carl von Haff ten's " Elsinore " and Ford Madox
Brown's "Cordelia's Portion." The set has
been prepared in various forms, to suit various
tastes and purposes; but for the buyer of mod-
erate means and for actual use, the "pocket
edition," in full limp leather, would appear to
be very near perfection. The volumes differ
from those of many such editions in possessing
the dignity of real books, being large enough
to look well on the shelf, though still small
enough to be slipped conveniently into the
pocket. It is the sort of edition that invites
intimacy and begets a lifelong attachment.
Alphonso Gerald Newcomer.
A Would-be Disturber of the
World's Peace.*
In the course of history the Saxon race came
to power and greatness. It still possesses its
greatness, but has lost its power. This loss of
power is to be attributed to several circum-
stances, chief among which are the entrance of
new powers into the international arena, the de-
velopment of land-transportation making these
newer nations independent of sea-transportation,
and the decline of militancy among the Saxons
themselves. This condition of things promises
to end the greatness of the Saxon, and to give
* The Day of the Saxon. By Homer Lea. New York:
Hnrper it Brothers.
the dominance in world affairs to others. If
the Saxon race is to survive, it must abandon
its foolish complacency, it must revive its mili-
tancy through universal compulsory service im-
posed by the government, and, finally, it must
establish the military and naval unity of the
Empire and the complete separation of the mili-
tary and naval systems from the civil govern-
ment of the dominions and the colonies.
Thus runs the argument of " General" Homer
Lea's "The Day of the Saxon." That it is not
a new argument will be instantly obvious. But
simple as the proposition is, these pages, which
overflow with clever epigrams and other evi-
dences of literary skill, befuddle rather than
elucidate it by endless repetition and especially
by the cocksure manner in which the author's
views are stated. This assurance does not con-
fine itself to interpreting the past or construing
the present in a definitive way; the author even
presumes to look into the future, and with the
same finality of judgment.
"Japan's maritime frontiers must extend eastward
of the Hawaiian Islands and southward of the Philip-
pines. . . . Because of this Japan draws near to her
next war — a war with America. . . . The nation's
[meaning the United States] vain and tragic scorn of
the soldier, predetermines the consummation of this
fatal combat. . . . Subsequent to this war the strategic
position of the British Empire in the Pacific becomes
so vulnerable as to be subject to the will of Japan."
(Pp. 92-3.)
In these days of deliberation and scientific
reflection a mere assertion is not convincing,
however categorically it may be made; and
hence the axiomatic way in which this believer
in war and the inevitability of conflict asserts
his opinions will not in the least impose upon
cool and well-informed men. If this book came
only into the hands of such it could simply be
ignored. In the hands of others it may do real
harm, for it bristles with a show of learning and
scientific understanding of world affairs that
will cateh the unlearned with consequences none
the less dire because of its flamboyant preten-
sions. The author, though never affiliated with
any recognized military organization, has in
other connections posed as a "lieutenant-
general," and speaks as though he were an au-
thority on military and naval matters. Phrases
such as " strategic triangles," "arcs of invasion,"
"angles of convergence," "military spheres,"
"specific arcs of the British circle," and for-
midable explanatory charts constructed on prin-
ciples which themselves need explanation, help
to give a show of learning. "General laws,"
"elemental principles," and " fundamental con-


1912.J
335
THE
DIAL
ditions " tread on each other's heels. The au-
thor deducts laws from the course of history
that would startle even Buckle or Taine. "The
political relationship that exists among nations,
far from being complex, is reducible to two
general principles " (p. 25). "The expansion
of nations is not an erratic progress, but is con-
trolled and directed by known laws" (p. 91). If
all the claims made by "General" Lea were true,
if all laws governing human relationships were
to be ascertained so positively, this book would
be one of the greatest helps known to man for
obtaining universal peace; for we should know
exactly what not to do to avoid war.
The prescient author gives a simple prescrip-
tion by which the Saxon may yet save himself
ere it be too late (p. 239). Just how " General"
Lea knows so surely the way to save the Saxon
is of the highest interest, considering that " in
this epoch of war upon which the Empire is
about to enter, hopes of peace are futile, con-
stitutions and kings and gods are without avail"
(p. 24). Would that he had also told us why
the Saxon should be saved; and what is to be
done if some Teutonic or Slavic Homer Lea
teaches his race how to overthrow the Saxon.
We find another inconsistency. The Saxon
has loudly boasted of the benefits he has con-
ferred upon society by developing and protect-
ing liberal institutions; and, indeed, this is one
of his chief titles to fame. Yet our author, who
would save the Saxon, states categorically that
"a nation retrogrades in universal political intel-
ligence in proportion as its international affairs
are controlled by popular prejudice" (p. 26).
That he should consistently oppose democracy
is natural, for he realizes, as have others, that
war and democracy are incompatible. Since
there must be a choice, let us keep democracy
and abolish war. ^ „ „
Edward B. Krehbiel.
The How and Why of Beauty
and Ugliness.*
"Why should the perception of form be ac-
companied by pleasure or displeasure, and what
determines the pleasure in one case and the
displeasure in another?"
In some form or other this question has been
asked by every intelligent owner of a pair of
eyes; and he who cares to seek in books will
find a thousand answers. ^Esthetic apprecia-
tion has been described as everything from a
•Bkauty and Ugliness. By Vernon Lee and C.
Atisirnther-Thomson. New York: John Lane Co.
direct gift of God, or a seduction of the devil,
to a phenomenon of the larger viscera. To-day
the tide is setting strongly toward the physio-
logical side. We may feel an irresistible glow
before Plato's peerless and golden periods on
the meaning of beauty; but for a reasoned
explanation we turn to the applied results of
individual observation or laboratory research,
although not a few conservatives still resent
what Bosanquet calls " analytical intermeddling
with the most beautiful things we enjoy."
Our present volume embodies many experi-
ences and a few conclusions of two talented
observers, who have enjoyed admirable opportu-
nities for the leisurely appreciation of European
galleries and are also familiar with the litera-
ture of the subject and the methods of aesthetic
investigation in German and American labora-
tories. Furthermore, the well-known personal-
ity of "Vernon Lee" (Miss Violet Paget, who
is the senior editor, so to speak) inclines one to
turn a ready ear to any of her views on art or
literature.
The nucleus of the book is an essay printed
in 1897 under the caption, "Beauty and
Ugliness." To this have been added chapters
on "Anthropomorphic Esthetics," "Esthetic
Empathy," "The Central Problem of Esthet-
ics," and "^Esthetic Responsiveness, its Varia-
tions and Accompaniments." This last, which
is the longest chapter, consists of extracts from
gallery diaries of "Vernon Lee," giving the
"rough material of personal experience" that
has gone to mould her view.
From the foregoing it will be clear that any
serious discussion of differences of opinion
would imply a treatise equal in length to the
376 pages of the text, so we must limit ourselves
to a very brief summary. The three central
points examined by the authors are as follows:
1. Esthetic perception of visible shapes is
agreeable or disagreeable because it involves
alterations in great organic functions, princi-
pally respiratory and equilibratory. Such is
Miss Paget's wording of the aesthetic application
of the Lange-James theory of bodily emotion.
2. The phenomenon of aesthetic Einjuhlung
(Lipps), or, as Professor Titchener has trans-
lated it, Empathy. "In looking at the Doric
column, for instance, and its entablature, we
are attributing to the lines and surfaces, to the
spatial forms, those dynamic experiences which
we should have were we to put our bodies into
similar conditions."
3. The Innere Nachdhmung of Karl Groos,
or something analagous thereto. "'The exist-


836
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
enee of muscular adjustments more considerable
than those of the eye,' resulting in a sense of
direction and velocity to the lines thus per-
ceived."
Of course the three theories implied by these
headings have been the subject of no little
discussion for many years; but the interesting
feature is that our authors before publishing
the original essay on "Beauty and Ugliness"
had arrived at their conclusions quite independ-
ently, not from oral information or from publi-
cations, but "by accidental self-observation in
the course of art historical and practical artistic
studies."
As to the validity and relative importance of
the three lines of explanation, our two observers
have manifestly experienced no little fluctuation
of opinion. In the final chapter, however, Miss
Paget concludes that the dynamic-emphatic in-
terpretation is to be emphasized, but that "for-
mal dynamic empathy" is due, "not to actually
present movements and muscular-organic sen-
sations, but to the extremely abstract ideas of
movement and its modes residual from count-
less individual and possibly racial experiences."
Yet she still attributes importance to imitative
movements and mimetic-organic sensations, be-
cause they may "possibly afford a clue to the
origin of the odd fact of our associating move-
ment and energy with objects and patterns."
And, finally, the aesthetic pleasantness or un-
pleasantness of shapes is not due to eye move-
ment or any movements connected therewith,
but to "the mental process of formal dynamic
empathy, to the interplay of forces suggested
by those shapes, and to the pleasantness or
unpleasantness of such inner dramas of abstract
movement-and-energy associations."
At this point, assuming it is ever reached, the
clear-sighted reader will conclude either that the
reviewer is impatient or that we are discussing
one of the books that are the despair of all
honest critics. There is more truth in the latter
alternative. The volume contains a wealth of
material, with a number of important conclu-
sions, and it is better to have it in this form
than not to have it at all; but the reader has
to mine most gropingly for the gold, and the
friendliest of reviewers cannot blink the fact
that the whole series of essays should have been
recast and given to us in a finished form.
After all, the student of aesthetics and the gen-
eral reader alike have a right to demand that
even the most capable authors shall make their
presentation as clear and helpful as a difficult
subject will allow.
The book is in the main well printed, although
there is an unusual number of errors in the Ger-
man quotations. It is sparingly but adequately
illustrated, and provided with a good index.
F. B. R. Hellems.
Regenerating Our Judiciary.*
When the American Colonies separated from
England they named among their grievances a
tyrannical executive and an insecure judiciary. In
setting up state governments for themselves, the
Americans sought to guard against the former evil
by reducing the executive to little more than a mere
figure-head, while making the- legislature almost
omnipotent. The real grievance in the case of the
judiciary was that it was subservient to a power
over which they had no control, and whose interests
were different from those of the Americans. Failing
to discern this, they took the control of the judiciary
entirely away from the executive and made it almost
independent of the legislature and of the people.
The mistake of a weak executive soon became
apparent, and was avoided in defining the position
and power of the President of the United States.
Gradually the state executives were also elevated
in position and power, while the tendency ever since
has been to limit the power of the legislatures.
Within recent years popular distrust of the law-
making bodies has become very general. In some
states this distrust has become so acute as to lead to
the adoption of the Initiative and the Referendum,
the professed object of which is to recover for the
people the power of government.
Of late the third division of our government, the
judiciary, has also been subjected to searching criti-
cism. This criticism has been general, ranging all
the way from our most conservative citizens to the
most radical agitators. Even President Taft has
suggested that a reform in procedure is needed.
Practically all the party platforms have had some-
thing to say on the subject. Labor leaders have made
their complaints, the state executives have gone so
far as to appoint a committee to voice their protest,
and even dissenting judges have joined the army of
the discontented.
The existence of the distrust of the judiciary
cannot be denied. Mr. Gilbert E. Roe, in his book
entitled "Our Judicial Oligarchy," explains it as due
to (1) the usurpation of the power to declare laws
• Ous Judicial Oligarchy. By Gilbert E. Roe. With
an Introduction by Robert M. La Follette. New York:
B. W. Huebsch.
History of the Supreme Court of the United
States. By Guslavus Myers. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr
& Co.
The Courts, the Constitution, and Parties. By
Andrew C. McLaughlin. Chicago: The University of
Chicago Press.
Majority Rule and the Judiciary. By William L.
Ransom. With an Introduction by Theodore Roosevelt.
New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.


1912.]
337
THE DIAL
null and void; (2) the growing practice of declaring
laws void simply because the judges disapprove of
them; (3) the fact that judges have become law-
makers through the power of interpretation; and (4)
the fact that the poor man is not on an equality with
the rich man in the courts.
That the power to void laws is a usurpation is in
the main the view of Mr. Gustavus Myers also,
though he does not hold without qualification that
it is a usurpation on the part of the United States
courts, but that it was a clear case of usurpation in
case of the state courts, which had pretty well estab-
lished the practice before the Constitution was drawn
up. Taking advantage of that fact, he thinks, the
f ramers of the Constitution so constructed that instru-
ment that the judiciary, which they expected to be
the bulwark of protection for property against democ-
racy, must inevitably exercise the power.
That this power is not a usurpation was clearly
pointed out by Professor Charles A. Beard in the
"Political Science Quarterly" for March, 1912, and
his work has been greatly supplemented and strength-
ened by Professor Andrew C. McLaughlin. After
citing numerous cases of the exercise of the power
by the state courts prior to 1787 and giving quota-
tions from contemporaries in support of it and ex-
plaining the origin of the practice in the Supreme
Court of the United States, he gives the most rational
explanation of the custom which the present reviewer
has yet seen. "They [the courts] asserted this
power," he says, " not because they were superior
to the legislature, but because they were independ-
ent" This makes it a natural consequence of put-
ting into practice the theory of the separation of
power. He might have continued and pointed out
that the present exalted position of the judiciary is
largely due to the tendency toward supine submis-
sion on the part of the executive and the legislature.
At least one executive declared that he had as much
right to his opinion of the Constitution as the Chief
Justice did to his, and refused to enforce the court's
decree.
It cannot be denied that the courts have often
strained the constitutional point in order to declare
• void a law of which the judges disapproved. Such is
the only rational explanation of decisions upholding
laws regulating the hours and conditions of labor
for women and children, and overturning similar
laws when designed to protect adult males. The
courts say that the rule of reason must govern such
laws, and by these decisions they have arrogated to
themselves the sole power to exercise reason in such
cases.
The next step is to legislation by judicial decision.
Many cases are cited by Mr. Roe and Mr. Myers,
but the most notorious is that of the Standard Oil
case. In 1897 the Supreme Court, speaking through
Mr. Justice Peckham, said that they were "asked
to read into the [Sherman] act by way of judicial
legislation an exception that is not placed there by
the lawmaking branch of the government," that is.
insert the word "unreasonable"; but this they re-
fused to do. Mr. Justice White dissented. Some
years later, when Mr. Justice Peckham and his sup-
porters of 1897 were gone, Mr. Justice White was
elevated to the position of Chief Justice and made
glad the hearts of the corporations by reading in the
word "unreasonable" by way of judicial legislation.
The poor man is not on an equality with the rich
in the courts, not because he has no money to employ
an attorney or bribe the judges—for outright bribery
is very rare, — but because the judges, having for-
merly served as corporation attorneys, naturally lean
toward the interests and think in terms of vested
rights. With them whatever has been still is right,
and they continue to draw upon precedents hoary
with age. Our own courts still cite English prece-
dents long since outlawed there,—for example, the
Priestly Case, which is not yet fully abandoned here.
Well may the people exclaim, "Who shall deliver
us from this body of death ?"— the dead hand of an
unjust past. It will not be surprising at no distant
day to hear the lawyers themselves praying for a
second Alexandrian fire to consume the court re-
ports, and for legislation to prohibit, or at least
greatly limit, their future publication.
Those who suppose that judges formerly lived in
the clear empyrean, above politics and the thought
of sordid wealth, will be surprised, not to say shocked,
at the revelations made by Mr. Myers in his " His-
tory of the Supreme Court." The main purpose of
his book is to show the close relationship that has
always existed between the judiciary and the inter-
ests. Some of his statements are not altogether con-
vincing, but many others are. In consequence, many
of our heroes begin to lose some of that sanctity with
which they have hitherto been enshrined. Hamilton,
James Wilson, the Morrises, Livingstons, Schuylers,
Gorham, Dayton, and others become ordinary mor-
tals following the devious ways of gain, some of
them through fraud and deceit. The most common
avenues of wealth in those days were the acquire-
ment of vast tracts of land, trade, and banking. The
very first justices of the Supreme Court,—Wilson,
Cushing, Blair, Iredell, Johnson, Paterson, and
Chase, — are shown to have been allied directly or
indirectly with the men following these paths of
wealth. Even Jay, hitherto regarded as no less
immaculate than the ermine which fell upon his
shoulders, was so intimately connected by inherit-
ance, marriage, and business alliance with the land-
grabbers that one may be pardoned for having some
doubts about his disinterestedness. As for James
Wilson, lately praised by Mr. Roosevelt as a learned
jurist, he is found to have been a shrewd Scotchman
concerned in almost every questionable land deal of
any magnitude, from that of the half-million acre
deal in the Connecticut Reserve and the three-
million acre transactions of the Holland Company
in New York, to the stupendous fraud of thirty-five
million acres in the Yazoo Land Company. His
banking experience in Pennsylvania, when the legis-


338
[Nov. 1,
THE
DIAL
lature repealed the charter of his bank, taught him
a lesson, hence the clause in the Constitution forbid-
ding laws impairing the obligations of a contract, of
which he was the author.
As for John Marshall, Mr. Myers has left prec-
ious little of that halo which so long surrounded his
head and which Mr. Jesse F. Orton did so much to
destroy a few years ago. It is impossible even to
outline here the story of his questionable acts. From
one or two we may learn the character of the rest.
Shortly after the Yazoo grant was secured from
the Georgia legislature by corrupt methods, Wilson
and his associates hurriedly transferred several mil-
lion acres to a group of New England capitalists.
When the next legislature wrathf ully rescinded the
grant, these purchasers set up the defense that it
was impairing a contract and was injuring innocent
purchasers. It is a well-settled principle of law that
fraud vitiates a contract, and that there is no such
thing as an innocent receiver of stolen goods. If a
man buys stolen goods in ignorance of the theft he
not only secures no title, but must suffer the loss.
But Marshall complacently passed over the bribery
as a mere fiction, and protected the "innocent pur-
chasers" by declaring the original grant a contract
and therefore irrepealable. An individual who has
had his horse stolen may have a right to recover it
even from an " innocent purchaser " but, by some sort
of legerdemain, when the government, that is, the
people, has been robbed of land, the innocent pur-
chaser gets a vested right and the public must lose.
At this time Marshall had his heart set upon ac-
quiring "Leeds Manor," on some of Lord Fairfax's
stealings, the claim to which he had bought. When
Marshall's case came up he absented himself while
Story, who had recently lobbied some bank charters
through the Massachusetts legislature for himself
and others, rendered the decision. Virginia had
confiscated the property of British subjects and did
not allow aliens to hold land in her borders. Yet
Story held that the Fairfax claim was valid. When
the Virginia Supreme Court denounced the decision
and defied the court, Story calmly reaffirmed his
own decision and Marshall got his manor. One
good turn deserves another. These decisions about
the impairment of contracts and the innocent pur-
chasers opened the floodgates of fraud which have
not yet been closed. A few years after the Fairfax
case one of Lord Baltimore's heirs was suing Charles
Carroll for quit rents. After the foregoing decision
one may reasonably be astonished to find Story
upholding the Maryland law which abolished quit
rents.
Having been true to the land-grabbers, the cor-
porations, and the slaveholders, Marshall was fol-
lowed by Taney, the special tool of the last class.
Then came Chase, put in to validate the anti-slavery
legislation and to uphold the interests of his clients,
the bankers. Such is the meaning of the first legal
tender case. But the railroads did not like this
decision, and they had their attorneys, Bradly and
Strong, appointed to reverse it. And ever since, the
corporate interests have generally managed to keep
on the bench a majority favorable to them.
Mr. Myers nowhere charges the Supreme Court
judges with venal corruption. On the contrary he
says that, on the whole, they have been peculiarly
free from it when it was all too common elsewhere.
But he does charge that they have been dominated
by the ever-expanding capitalist class, which has
worked its will by ceaseless fraud and bribery. In
many instances they have been the paid attorneys
of the interests before going on the bench, and they
have naturally leaned to them rather than to the
common man.
No wonder, then, that the courts have, in many
cases, blocked the wheels of progressive legislation.
What is the remedy? The recall of judicial deci-
sions, say Mr. William L. Ransom and Mr. Theo-
dore Roosevelt. When Mr. Roosevelt first made
this proposal it was received by many with derision
and denunciation. But of the many propositions
he has hurled at the American people of late, the
recall of judicial decisions rightly understood seems
by all odds the best.
To set this proposition before the people in its
true light is the object of Mr. Ransom's book on
"Majority Rule and the Judiciary." Mr. Roosevelt
never has advocated, as many have assumed without
investigation, the indiscriminate recall of decisions.
Suits at law and criminal cases are entirely out of
consideration; but when the courts set themselves
in opposition to the will of the people as expressed
in a law by declaring the law unconstitutional, then
the people should have the right, after due delibera-
tion, of saying whether the court's decision shall
remain the law of the land. This, Mr. Ransom
declares, is far less revolutionary than the recall of
judges, which is rapidly growing in favor. To re-
call the judge would not recall his decision, the
real end in view. Often there is no real occasion
to recall the judge, for he may be an honorable and
upright man, who honestly believes the law uncon-
stitutional. Many laws are overturned by a divided
court. Then may not the people at least decide
between the majority and the minority?
The trouble with Mr. Roosevelt's proposition is,,
not that it is too revolutionary, but that it does not go
far enough. He would apply it only to state courts.
Why should even the Supreme Court be exempt? No
court capable of rendering so foolish a decision as
was handed down last spring in the mimeograph case
(A. B. Dick Company) deserves any immunity. So
outraged was the country that Congress at once took
steps to recall this decision as far as applicable to
future cases by amending the patent law on which
the court claimed to have based its action.
The recall of judges and of decisions will help to
remedy matters; but we need most of all to reclaim
our courts from the control of corporation attorneys,
who naturally think in terms of corporate interests.
David Y. Thomas.


1912.]
339
THE DIAL.
Briefs on New Books.
The typical That the informal essay is once
American and more in high favor is indicated by
tome others. tne iarge numDer of collections of
essays now being published. Even our novelists are
turning to this gracious form of literature; among
them, Mr. Meredith Nicholson, whose collection of
reprinted "Atlantic" papers bears the title, "The
Provincial American" (Houghton Mifflin Co.).
Three of these essays — "The Provincial American,"
"Edward Eggleston," and "A Provincial Capital"—
are concerned with the ideals and achievements of
the Hoosier State, where, according to the author,
one finds, if anywhere, "typical Americans." The
typical American is provincial, for "we have no
national political, social, or intellectual centre," and
every county is a unit, with its own courthouse, town
hall, churches, school-houses. The typical American
is, therefore, self-sufficient, — so self-sufficient, in-
deed, that the metropolitan tendencies of the rail-
way, the telegraph, etc., are not likely to disturb our
romantic variety. The typical American is also ex-
tremely curious, eager to know what he can know
of art, of politics, of other phases of human activity.
He is fond of brooding and discussion, and is in-
creasingly conscious of his own importance in our
democratic society; the sense of the mass — the
"fatalism of the multitude," in Mr. Bryce's phrase
—is virtually a danger that has been averted. He
has instinctive common sense, and, despite the mis-
givings of Matthew Arnold, can be relied upon to do
the right thing. All of which is perhaps mainly
another and illuminating version of the frequent re-
mark that our farmers are the foundation of Amer-
ican excellence. From that city of estimable men
and women, twentieth-century Indianapolis, with its
background of "Hoosier Olympians" (of whom Mr.
Nicholson writes entertainingly in the initial essay),
come these cheering and, we believe as well as hope,
true views of the modern American. In only one re-
spect is the author on decidedly uncertain ground, —
when he tells us that" the most appalling thing about
us Americans is our complete sophistication"; com-
pared with us, he asserts, the English, the French,
the Italians are simply children. His evidence is
our insistence on " bigness," our farmers' languidly
ready adjustment to the automobile, our children's
cool condescension in the use of the telephone. This
evidence, though pertinent, is insufficient. If it is
true that we are sophisticated in our attitude to auto-
mobiles, skyscrapers, and other insignia of our ma-
terial development, it is likewise true that we are
little more than "children" in our attitude to lit-
erature, music, painting, and the other tokens of
intellectual and spiritual activity. The English
reviews still refer, justly if unpleasantly, to "that
quaint naivetS which, since Dickens wrote ' Martin
Chuzzlewit,' has never ceased to astound the inhabit-
ants of older countries." Compared with the French,
the English are naive in the world of ideas; how
far are we, then, from the humane sophistication of
the French! Aside from this unconscious outcrop-
ping, on Mr. Nicholson's part, of "the American
brag," his views on American life are both wisely
reasoned and agreeably presented; he is, indeed,
unmistakably one of our foremost essayists. "Should
Smith Go to Church?" is perhaps the most pene-
trating of the essays; when it first appeared in print
it evoked so much discussion that no more need be
said of it here. "Experience and the Calendar"
and "The Spirit of Mischief" are delightful but
too fragile. The "Confessions of a 'Best-Seller '"
is disappointing, and, one might add, typically
American in its nawetS.
Dr. Isador H. Coriat analyzes "The
™av 2m& Hy8teria of Macbeth" (Moffat>
Yard & Co.) in terms of the modern
study of the abnormal mind. Hers is a case of hys-
teria involving alternating personalities and attacks
of somnambulism, in which the central inciting
theme of the disorder breaks through to expression.
The sleep-walking scene is but the culmination of
the psychopathic state, the genesis and progress of
which the drama discloses. Unsatisfied longing
finds a substitute in ambition, and is reinforced by
the suggestion of supernormal, mystic, and prophetic
agencies. Macbeth is thus affected, and contagiously
induces a yet more marked abnormality in his pre-
disposed spouse. In her case the childlessness plays
a direct part in the complex. The climax is but the
inevitable issue of the slowly incubating psycho-
pathic invasion; and the stages thereof give evi-
dence of the growing abnormalities, the unsuccessful
repressions, the increasing dissociation of mental
states. Hallucination of sight and smell in both sub-
jects, the automatic washing of the hands in Lady
Macbeth, the recurrent troubled dreams, the rein-
statement of the guilty scenes in momentary alarms,
are realistic details true to the diagnosis. In all
this the insight of Shakespeare receives an unusual
tribute, though the view is anticipated in other lan-
guage by one not unacquainted with the darker side
of the mind,— Coleridge. It is not at all implied
that the dramatist followed consciously the sequence
of episodes in the elaboration of his "case," but only
that the same laws that dominate the unfoldment
itself are reflected in the dramatic sense that guides
the creative impulse of literary portraiture. And at
this point critics will differ in their preferences of
interpretation,— some doubting whether the psycho-
analysis replaces the interpretation on the level of
motives weighed in the every-day balance, others
finding a corroboration of such insight by the nicer
instruments of science. The study is interesting
in either light; and the evidence is set forth with
conviction.
a great ^ *8 now 1:611 years since Dr. Tal-
cvangeiitt mage, one of the world's most popu-
teif-portraved. jar preachers, was rather suddenly
cut off, at the height of his fame and in the fulness
of his remarkable powers, and his voice, which had
won the attention of a world-wide audience, was


340
[Nov. 1,
THE DIA1
heard no more. He was seventy years old at the
time of his death, but neither mind nor body had,
until the very last, shown symptoms of senescence.
Fortunately his own hand had prepared an account
of his life up to his sixty-seventh year, and he had
left notes and papers from which it was easily pos-
sible for another to continue the record to the end.
This final chapter has now been written by Mrs.
Talmage, and the completed work, "T. De Witt
Talmage as I Knew Him" (the "I" being of course
the autobiographer himself), is issued in attractive
octavo form by Messrs. E. P. Button & Co. Thomas
De Witt Talmage was born at Middlebrook, New
Jersey, being the youngest of twelve children, and
not too heartily welcomed by parents already hard-
pressed to provide for his numerous brothers and
sisters. After leaving school he fancied his talent
to lie in the direction of the law, and accordingly
studied for that profession, but soon discovered his
true bent and was early started in the calling which
he did so much to distinguish. His autobiography
is written in that straightforward, vigorous, heart-
to-heart style which won him such popularity as a
speaker and writer. Shrewdness and humor, warm
human feeling, and an abounding vitality speak in
its pages. An exultant sense of his own unusual
endowments shows itself, not in a way to offend,
here and there. "In the face of trial," he says in
one place, "God has always given me all but super-
human strength." And elsewhere: "My Gospel
field was a big one. The whole world accepted the
Gospel as I preached it, and I concluded that it did
not make much difference where the pulpit was in
which I preached." The burning of three successive
'buildings (each known as the Brooklyn Tabernacle)
erected for his vast congregation in Brooklyn, seemed
indeed to indicate that his pulpit was to be no sta-
tionary one. Mrs. Talmage's portion of the book,
amounting to a quarter of the whole, is by no means
the least interesting one. It presents the man as she
and others of his intimates saw him, with apt selec-
tions from his notes and other material. Good por-
traits and an index are furnished.
Under the curiosity-provoking title
2T"o"Z'tu,-e.. °f "AW and Perhaps" (Lane) Sir
Frank Swettenham has gathered a
number of bright and readable sketches, some of
them airy trifles from the society world, others
glimpses of the author's personal experiences, and
still others more or less impersonal discussions of
abstract questions. A few far-eastern descriptive
sketches, such as one might look for in a book by a
writer who has served as Resident-General of the
Federated Malay States, and as Governor of the
Straits Settlements, and who is, moreover, the author
of previous works entitled "British Malaya," "The
Real Malay," and "Malay Sketches," are to be
found in the volume. Versatility and a considerable
experience of life in various climes and among all
sorts of people are among the characteristics illus-
trated by these entertaining chapters. The two
under the headings "Also" and "Perhaps" are in
the form of sprightly dialogues between expert con-
versationalists. Another, entitled "Some Proverbs,"
which begins with a familiar Anglicism (" Every one
who thinks of what they say, either before or after
they say it"... ), turns on the mutual contra-
diction of certain popular aphorisms, as "absence
makes the heart grow fonder" and "out of sight
out of mind," and also exposes the fallacy of certain
other wise saws—somewhat as Lamb has discoursed
in his humorous and sprightly fashion on sundry
popular fallacies of the same sort. In a more serious
vein, and with insight into the deeper realities, the
author discusses "first and last love," distinguishing
between that first devouring but evanescent passion
which represents "the concentrated desires of mil-
lions of ancestors striving through our poor bodies to
indulge their special predilections for light hair or
dark, brown eyes or blue," and the later and more
lasting attachment in which, as he says, " Never to
misunderstand, that is the great secret. It covers
so much. Not to expect the unreasonable, not to
be disappointed with the obviously natural; not to
forget that however close in sympathy a man and
woman may be, they are differently constituted and
cannot have identical inclinations at every moment
of their lives. . . . Not to misunderstand, that is
almost everything." The book is not only clever,
in the best sense of the word; it is also marked by
sincerity and earnestness.
The ancient ^ *8 positively refreshing to discover
literature of that we have reached a stage in the
iiraei. discussion of the dry critical prob-
lems of the Old Testament represented by such a
volume as Dr. Henry T. Fowler's "History of the
Literature of Ancient Israel" (Macmillan). For
scores of years scholars have been wholly absorbed
in the technique of biblical criticism, in the minutiae
of Israel's ancient literature. This shop-work had
to be done before any large discussion of the litera-
ture could be presented. Dr. Fowler has utilized
the best results of years of study and experience of
a long line of scholars. The analysis of the pro-
gressive school of biblical criticism forms the woof
of his fabric. He has likewise rightfully assumed
among the Israelites a common Semitic inheritance
for an explanation of many of the traditions, cus-
toms, and rites of religion found mentioned in the
fragment of the literature of the Old Testament.
Israel was simply one of the smaller Semitic peo-
ples of antiquity, whose relations with its neighbors
were close and often intimate. Granting these
conditions, the author then proceeds to arrange the
fragments of Hebrew poetry, prophecy, and narra-
tion into chronological order. As prefatory to each
section he presents briefly what he considers to have
been the historical subsoil out of which the present
product sprang, and even introduces such specimens
of other literature as the Babylonian deluge story,
to vivify his text. Such a background to each kind
of literature is important and necessary. But even


1912.]
341
THE
DIAL
all of this splendid presentation does not properly
constitute a history of the literature of those times.
Our conception of such a history would include a
discussion in clear and succinct language of the rise,
growth, and perpetuation of the thought, religious
and otherwise, in ancient Israel. We should expect
to find a coordination and articulation of the thought-
life of Israel stretching throughout the entire period
of its literary activity. Dr. Fowler has not quite
reached this ideal.
Professor C. Lloyd Morgan, in a
ixpertJ^e t volume entitled "Instinct and Expe-
rience" (Macmillan), returns to the
insistent problem of the nature of the lower and the
higher guidance of conduct, and the interpretation
thereof as favoring the hypothesis of a system of
ends or of mechanisms. Are instinct and intelli-
gence separated by a chasm or united by an evolu-
tionary bridge? Is the verdict of science decisive
for philosophy? Or must science await and reflect
the judgment of philosophic interpretation? The
controversy has long ceased to be one of terms or
usage; the dissensions, though critical and at times
minute, are real. The significance of observation
and of the lower end of the biological scale is con-
ceded. Shall we carry back to the simple beginnings
the concepts demanded by the higher issues in which
we move, shaping them to the lowlier order of
events; or shall we find our clue in the lower, and
in such terms interpret the reconstruction of the
higher? For those prepared to follow the more
detailed ramifications of this problem as it presents
itself to the critical minds of the day, Professor
Morgan's book may be cordially recommended.
Biologists have always had a taste for philosophy;
and in latter days philosophers have acquired an ear
for the biological message. Yet the camps are dif-
ferently organized. Romanticism has given way to
realism in both; hot the new allegiance reflects the
persistent diversity of temperamental predilection.
M. Bergson's "vital impulse" affects the biologist as
a poetic intrusion rather than as a scientific concept.
The man of science still clings to the study of pro-
cess, and declines to take his interpretation from the
study of sources, even though he may remove them
from the region of the unknowable. Professor Mor-
gan's valuable contributions to the analytic phases
of animal behavior give special interest and weight
to the probabilities that appeal to his philosophical
judgment.
A criminal '8 8a*e to Pre^>ct that no detec-
lawver't itudiet tive story of the season will prove
of crime. more absorbingly interesting than
the group of essays on criminal subjects by Mr.
Arthur Train, formerly Assistant District Attorney
of New York County, published under the general
caption, "Courts, Criminals, and the Camorra"
(Scribner). Mr. Train has a peculiarly breezy and
vigorous style, which sometimes narrowly escapes
vulgarity, and which for his present purpose is too
strongly flavored with paradox; but every page of
the book is readable, and in its general conclusions
it bears the stamp of authority. A chapter piquantly
entitled "The Pleasant Fiction of the Presumption
of Innocence" maintains, with some success, that
the natural and reasonable thing to do, and the
thing which as a matter of fact is always done, is
to assume the prisoner to be guilty; in a later essay
in this same volume Mr. Train maintains the op-
posite thesis with equal success. There is a curious
chapter on "Preparing a Criminal Case for Trial";
two statistical studies entitled, respectively, "Sensa-
tionalism and Jury Trials" and "Why Do Men
Kill?"; two exciting chapters on the work of detec-
tives; and a final series on the Camorra, the Viterbo
trials, the Mafia, and the criminal Italian element
in America. The author attended a part of the
Viterbo session in person, and his decidedly favora-
ble account of Italian criminal procedure is probably
much more trustworthy than the lurid newspaper
"stories" which have hitherto provided most of our
information on this subject
The earlier "1 have always spoken of myself as
journal of Marie if I were talking of some one else,"
Bathkirttcff. writes Marie Bashkirtseff in her
"New Journal" (Dodd, Mead & Co.). If she had
been able to do this, as she asserted and perhaps
believed she had done, her journal might have been
valuable as well as curious; but the unfortunate child
had been promenaded from one end of Europe to
the other, and kept so constantly on exhibition in
hotels and at fashionable resorts, that every phrase
she uttered, still more every sentence she wrote, was
planned with a startling effect in view. It is not
truth but extravagance that this morbid twelve-year-
old feminine Rousseau is seeking when she pens her
Confessions. "I have determined to end this book,"
she writes, "for extravagant ideas rarely come to
me in these days." This group of letters extends
from January, 1873, to February, 1876, and deals
with several more or less genuine love-affairs, the
development of a singing voice whose defects had
not yet been discovered, and dreary wanderings from
Paris to Nice and from Nice to Paris, with a pur-
poseless sojourn in Rome. These earlier letters have
little value in themselves, although of course anything
from so brilliant and poignant a writer as Marie
Bashkirtseff later came to be has a certain interest.
This part of the "Journal" appeared in a French
magazine two years ago, and Miss Safford's transla-
tion is probably no more vague and stilted than the
original, although she is once or twice clearly inac-
curate and now and then entirely unintelligible.
It takes a sprightly woman with a
o7wauTaUm human interest in everything that is
beautiful, and with a facile pen to
sketch it. to produce such an entertaining little vol-
ume as Miss Jeannette Marks's "Gallant Little
Wales" (Houghton Mifflin Co.). The author's in-
terests are concentrated for the present in North
Wales. She adopts the only sane method of study-


342
[Nov. 1,
THE
DIAL
ing a people,—she lives among them, observes their
chief interests, their customs, their superstitions,
their religious zeal, and their artistic temperament.
She finds a fascination in the arrangements of their
homes, the architecture of their hill-top churches,
and the superb strength and character of their won-
derful castles, such as Carnarvon, Beau Maris, and
Conway. Her enthusiasm for Wales seems to have
been either created or mightily stimulated by reading
and pondering on the "Mabinogion"; many of her
reflections and comparisons are based on the state-
ments made in that famous collection of history
and folklore. The history, both ancient and modern,
of the little commonwealth is a quarry for her nar-
rative. Dr. Samuel Johnson's trip through North
Wales gives her an opportunity which she eagerly
utilizes to sketch some of the most disagreeable traits
of that otherwise great man. She pays her tribute
to the marvellous nationalism of the Welsh people as
seen in their annual musical festival, the Eisteddfod.
Musicians, poets, and artists by nature, their patriot-
ism for their own people shines out with greatest
brilliancy in any Welsh event that appeals to their
artistic or musical nature. The author intends to
produce a companion volume dealing with South
Wales.
American T° Put t*le wn0'e 8t»ry of the origin
hutorv in and development of our nation into
outline. jesg jjjan three hundred pages of
moderate size, and at the same time to make the
story thoroughly readable, is not an easy thing to
do. This Mr. Edwin W. Morse has undertaken
in his "Causes and Effects in American History"
(Scribner), and the verdict must be that he has suc-
ceeded in his undertaking. Of course the details
have been left out. The Civil War occupies but
twenty pages, and the Revolution but twelve; yet
the author has made these chapters interesting in
manner and complete in outline from the side of
cause and effect. Not everyone will agree with him
in his interpretations, as he has had to touch many
sharply controverted questions; but he is fair in his
treatment and in his judgments. The book is not
confined to our political development, but traces
also our industrial, commercial, and literary history
down to the present year. It will hardly serve, as
the author hopes, to interest young people in the
subject, but it will be useful in interpreting our
history to students and to readers who may have
lost themselves in the details of the larger books.
Record! ot the "The Celts in Antiquity," by Mr.
'and Latin "* Dinan, is one of the latest pub-
literature. ligations of the honored house of
Nutt, which under the wise inspiration of the late
savant, Alfred Nutt, has done more than any other
to make accessible the documents relating to Celtic
and mediaeval romance. It is the first of three vol-
umes which will present in convenient form all ac-
counts of the Celts which are found in ancient Greek
and Latin writers. An accompanying English trans-
lation, though it does not always adequately repro-
duce the original, will be of service to the general
reader. Persons competent to use the book for in-
dependent researches will consult the original Greek
or Latin, which is always printed in full. The book
will save investigators of Celtic antiquities much
arduous toil in searching for the texts they want
among numerous scattered and often rather inacces-
sible volumes. It is interesting to observe that the
accounts of the Celts handed down by Greeks and
Romans agree with the life pictured in the oldest
Irish sagas, not only in general outline, but even in
rather minute details. One is not surprised to find
that both describe in similar terms the method of
fighting from the war chariot. But it is a note-
worthy testimony, both to the authenticity of the
Irish sagas, and to the solidarity of the ancient Celtic
race, to find the Greek and Latin writers telling of
the habit of Celtic warriors to strive for the "hero's
portion " at feasts, and of their tendency to resort to
blood-shed in order to settle questions of precedence
at the banquet,—peculiarities which are related in
the Irish sagas.
Mr Lana't Perhaps the most important work of
brief hutorv Andrew Lang's declining years was
of Scotland. h;s "History of Scotland from the
Roman Conquest." An abridgment of this has now
been published in a single volume entitled "A Short
History of Scotland" (Dodd, Mead & Co.). To con-
dense so large a work into a brief account of about
three hundred pages must have been a difficult task;
but the result is fairly satisfactory. The chapters
devoted to the middle ages are not all that might
be desired; but the author was not interested in the
earlier period. His interest lay in the struggles of
the Stuarts against grasping Englishmen and narrow-
minded Presbyterian " preachers," and his treatment
of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (which
make up the bulk of the volume) have all the excel-
lencies and defects that characterize the historical
writings of this great Scotchman. It has been nec-
essary to omit details, but the author's viewpoint is
apparent on every page, and his chief conclusions
have been included. Readers who are interested in
Scottish history but do not feel equal to the more
extended works will find Mr. Lang's "Short His-
tory" an informing and entertaining book.
BRIEFER MEN TION.
"Rousseau's Einfluss auf Klinger," by Mr. F. A.
Wyneken, is a recent monograph issued from the Uni-
versity of California Press. Klinger was one of the
most interesting among the literary friends of Goethe's
youth, although he has been well-nigh forgotten by all
except professional students of literary history.
Mr. Joseph McCabe, believing that Voltaire is neg-
lected by the modern reader, who naturally shrinks
appalled from the immense volume of his work, has
translated a selection of his prose writings which should
help the modern world to become familiar with his essen-
tial thought. The volume is entitled "Toleration and
Other Essays," and is published by the Messrs. Putnam.


1912.]
343
THE DIAL.
Mr. J. W. Mackail's " Life of William Morris," one
of the best of literary biographies, is reprinted by
Messrs. Longmans, Green & Co. in their " Pocket Li-
brary," of which it makes two volumes. Morris's
"News from Nowhere " and Andrew Lang's "Books and
Bookmen " are other reprints in the same handy series.
Henry Morley's "A First Sketch of English Litera-
ture," originally published in 1873, has gone through
many editions, the latest of which, including a supple-
ment bringing the history down to the deaths of Swin-
burne and Meredith, the work of Mr. E. W. Edmunds,
has just been published by Messrs. Cassell & Co. In its
present form, the work runs to twelve hundred pages,
which makes it possible to present an immense amount
of detail The supplement will be found very useful
for reference, aside from its considerable critical value.
Preparatory school teachers with Browning on their
list of poets for classroom study will doubtless be very
glad of the help offered them by Miss Ella B. Hallock
in her "Introduction to Browning" (Macmillan).
Eleven poems, followed in each case by two or three
pages of suggestive questions designed to quicken the
student's attention to the special meaning or charm of
the poem in hand, make up a small volume of 130 pages.
The selections are, for the most part, of the narrative
type. Although Browning is not at his best in this
form, this is perhaps the easiest way of approach for
the juvenile mind.
Mr. J. Herman Randall's "The Culture of Person-
ality" (Caldwell) is divided into fourteen thoughtful
chapters on various aspects of personality, on the train-
ing of the mind, the mastery of the affections, the edu-
cation of the will, and kindred themes. The general
tone and purpose of the work may be indicated by a
passage from the "Foreword." After quoting a page
or two from John Fiske's "Destiny of Man" the author
continues: "What is this, in other words, but simply
the statement that the ultimate goal of this stupendous
evolutionary process, which has been at work in the
Universe from the beginning, is the development of the
whole man, the true and deeper self, the human-divine
personality? It cannot be read otherwise. The total re-
sult of all the scientific research, of all the wonderful dis-
coveries of the last hundred years respecting Man and
his life here upon the earth, reveals as the goal and end
of all evolution,the perfectingof the human personality."
The first casual impression gained from Messrs.
Crowell's new edition of Browning is one of pleasure in
the large type and open page. So accustomed have we
become by long usage to associate Browning with
cramped and minute typography that the contrast af-
forded by the present edition is as delightful as it was
unexpected. In these twelve volumes, of little more
than ordinary pocket size, the whole of Browning's
poetical work (with two of his essays in prose) is pre-
sented in a type as large and a page as generously open
as are generally found in the most cumbrous of editions
de luxe. This fact alone is sufficient to make the edi-
tion a favorite one, but it is not lacking in other merits.
A full editorial apparatus of critical introductions and
explanatory notes is supplied by Miss Charlotte Porter
and Miss Helen A. Clarke, whose capabilities for a task
of this sort were long ago demonstrated. Professor
William Lyon Phelps contributes a brief general intro-
duction, which the beginner in Browning will find of
value. A photogravure frontispiece is included in each
volume. Altogether, this seems to us by far the most
desirable edition of Browning yet published.
Notes.
A volume of " Portraits and Studies " by Mr. Edmund
Gosse is announced for early publication.
Three one-act plays by Mr. Eden Phillpotts will soon
be published in a volume entitled "Curtain Raisers."
"Norman Angell," author of " The Great Illusion,"
has in press for early issue a work on " International
Finance and International Polity."
"Adnam's Orchard " by Sarah Grand and " Where
Are You Going To? " by Miss Elizabeth Robins are two
forthcoming novels of some importance.
Mrs. Reginald Wright Kauffman and her husband
have recently completed an elaborate work to be entitled
"The Latter-Day Saints: A Study of the Mormons."
Mr. Booth Tarkington is just completing a new novel
of American life, which is to be published next spring
by Messrs. Doubleday, Page & Co. under the title of
"The Flirt."
A study of "The Influence of Baudelaire in France
and England " has been made by Mr. G. Turquet-Milnes,
and will be published in this country by Messrs. E. P.
Dutton & Co.
Publication of the two concludiug volumes of John
Bigelow's "Retrospections of an Active Life " has been
considerably delayed, and they are not now likely to
appear until Spring.
It is good news that Sir E. T. Cook, the biographer
and editor of Ruskin, has prepared a volume on " The
Homes and Haunts of Ruskin," which will be published
in a large volume with colored illustrations.
Two forthcoming volumes of essays, by English
writers, that will undoubtedly prove worth while are
Mr. Arthur Ransome's "Portraits and Speculations"
and Mr. Francis Grierson's "The New Era."
In view of the Home Rule Bill now impending in
Parliament, especial timeliness and interest attach to
a volume on "Aspects of the Irish Question " by Mr.
Sidney Brooks, to be published at once by Messrs. John
W. Luce & Co.
The exclusive rights in English translation to a series-
of M. Fabre's wonderful insect stories have been acquired
by "The English Review." The first of these stories,,
entitled "The Banded Spider," will appear in the No-
vember number.
In "Immigration and Labor," which Messrs. Putnam'
will publish about the middle of November, Mr. Isaac
A. Hourwich, Ph.D., traces the causes of immigration
to the United States and its effect upon the condition,
of American labor.
An authorized translation of M. Edouard Le Roy's.
"Une Philosophic Nouvelle: Henri Bergson" is an-
nounced by Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. This house will
also publish before long a satirical tale entitled "John,
of Jingalo " by Mr. Laurence Housman.
A new edition of St. John de Crevecceur's "Letters-
from an American Farmer," with a complete biograph-
ical introduction containing hitherto undiscovered ma-
terial by Miss Julia P. Mitchell of Barnard College, will
be issued in the spring by Messrs. Duffield & Co.
Mrs. William O Brien's "Unseen Friends," just an-
nounced by Messrs. Longmans, will contain studies of
women who have played a noble part in the world's
history. Among the well-known authors dealt with are
Christina Rossetti, Mrs. Oliphant, and Charlotte Bronte.
Robert Barr, the novelist and editor of the London
"Idler," died at his home in Surrey on October 21..


344
[Nov. 1,
THE
DIAL
Although born in Glasgow, Mr. Barr was educated in
Canada, and for a time was on the editorial staff of the
"Detroit Free Press." Since 1881 he has lived in
England.
It is reported that Gerhart Hauptmann is at work ou a
new drama dealing with Homer and his times. The first
two volumes of Hauptmann's collected dramatic works,
in English, and also a translation of his novel" Atlantis,"
will be issued at once by Mr. B. W. Huebsch.
Adrian Hoffman Joline, an enthusiastic book collector
and the author of several entertaining books about books,
died in New York City on October 15. He was the
author of "Meditations of an Autograph Collector,"
"Diversions of a Book Collector," "At the Library
Table," and several other similar works.
Publication of a new novel by Mr. James Lane Allen
is always an event of literary importance. We learn
that the Macmillan Co. will issue at once Mr. Allen's
latest work, "The Heroine in Bronze." It is said to
be the love story of an American college girl and a
college man, the scene of which is laid in New York.
Notwithstanding Meredith's threat that he would
"most horribly haunt" anyone who wrote a biography
of him, several industrious persons are already engaged
upon the task. The first result will probably be the
volume now being prepared by Mr. Thomas Seccombe
for the series of "Literary Lives," published in this
country by Messrs. Scribner.
The first volumes of the eagerly-awaited "Loeb
Classical Library" will be published immediately by
the Macmillan Co. They include "St. Augustine's
Confessions," "Euripides," "Terence," and "The
Apostolic Fathers," each in two volumes, and " Proper-
tius," in one. Other authors are to be added during
the next few weeks, twenty volumes in all having been
scheduled for the first year.
The important announcement is made by Messrs.
Lippincott that"Julius Ca?sar," the seventeenth volume
in the " New Variorum Edition " of the works of Shake-
speare, is in press for publication early in 1913. The
preparation of this monumental edition was the life
work of Dr. Horace Howard Furness. For tbe past
few years he has been assisted by his son, Mr. Horace
Howard Furness, Jr., who has contributed two volumes
to the work, and to whom now falls the task of editing
the remaining plays.
Among the most interesting features of the "Atlantic"
for the coming year will be a selection from Charles
Eliot Norton's letters to Lowell and George William
Curtis; "My Boyhood and Youth," by Mr. John Muir;
"Tales of My People," by Miss Mary Antin; and
"Confederate Portraits," by Mr. Gamaliel Bradford,
Jr. To a series of articles on modern business affairs,
Mr. George P. Brett, President of the Macmillan Co.,
will contribute a paper entitled "The Policies of
Present-Day Publishing."
The leading article in the October " Hibbert Journal"
(Sherman, French & Co.) is "Democracy and Disci-
pline," by the editor, Mr. L. P. Jacks. It points out
the perhaps impossible standards of public obedience
and flexibility necessary for the success of such social
legislation as Lloyd-George is putting through in En-
gland and as the Progressive party hopes to put through
in America. With the exception of a paper on the
American political and religious situation by a Massa-
chusetts clergyman, the Rev. Frank Ilsley Paradise,
the other articles in this number are theological or
technically philosophic in their interest.
Topics in Leading Periodicals.
November, 1912.
Africa, Northern, Trade of. J. D. Whelpley . . Century.
America's Human Citizens. Arnold Bennett . . Harper.
Balkan Union against Turkey. £. A. Powell. Rev. of Revs.
Balkan War, The. George Freeman. Review of Reviews.
Book Collecting. Joseph Jackson . . . World's Work.
Boyhood, My. John Mnir Atlantic.
Camera, Through Infinite Space with a. H. W.
Hurt Everybody's.
Canada's Government Railway. A.J. Beveridge. Rev. of Hens.
Chesterton, G K. 0. W. Firkins Forum.
City and Civilization. Brand Whitlock .... Scribner.
City Poor, Life among the. Miriam F. Scott. Everybody's.
College Life. Panl van Dyke Scribner.
Contagion, Reservoirs of. Carl Snyder Forum.
Corporation, Public Service, and City. E. S.
Meade Lippincott.
Country Problem, Discovery of the. H. S.
Gilbertson Review of Reviews.
Crime, Magnates of. Joseph E. Corrigan . . . McClure.
Curtis, G. W., C. E. Norton's War-Time Letters to. Atlantic.
Deafness, Fatigue of. Clarence J. Blake . . . Atlantic.
Dream Analysis, Marvels of. H. A. Brace . . McClure.
Education, Our Remedy for. W. McAndrew. World's Work.
Eleotoral College, The. J. W. Holcombe . . . Forum.
Express Bonanza, The. Albert W. Atwood American.
Farmer of To-Morrow, The—IH. F.I. Anderson. Everybody's.
Feminist of France, The. Ethel D. Rockwell . . Century.
Fiction, Some Recent. Margaret Sherwood . . Atlantic.
Films,Fortunes in. BennetMusson and Robert Gran. McClure.
Fraternity Idea among College Women. Edith
Rickert Century.
French, Daniel C, and His Later Work. W. Walton. Scribner.
French, The, in the Heart of America. J. Finley. Scribner.
Furness, Horace Howard. Agnes Repplier . . . Atlantic.
Furness, Horace Howard. Talcolt Williams . . Century.
Germany and the Germans — I. Price Collier Scribner.
Greeley Campaign, The. Henry Watteraon . . Century.
Hygiene, World's Congress on. G. E. Mitchell. Rev. of Revs.
Industrial War. Hugh H. Lnsk Forum.
Irish Poets, A Group of. Michael Monahan . . . Forum.
Johnston, Joseph E. Gamaliel Bradford, Jr. Atlantic.
Labor, Battle Line of. Samuel P. Orth World's Work.
Land Movement, The Little. Forbes Lindsay. Lippincott.
Lloyd-Geoige's England. Clarence Poe . World's Work.
Madrid, Phases of. William Dean Howells . . No. Amer.
Measures, Not Men. Peter C. Macfarlane . Everybody's.
Memories, Some Early—HI. Henry Cabot Lodge. Scribner.
Mexico, The Situation in. Dolores Butterfield. No. Amer.
Middleman, The. Albert W. Atwood. Review of Reviews.
Montessori Method and American Kindergartens.
Ellen Stevens McClure.
Moving Pictures in Schools. Helen L. Coffin. Everybody's.
Municipal University, A. C. H. Levermore. North Amer.
Negro, The, and His Chance. B. T. Washington. Century.
New York Public Service Commissions. J. S.
Kennedy Forum.
North America and France. Gabriel Hanotaux. No. Amer.
North Dakota Man Crop. F. P. Stookbridge. World's Work.
Odessa. Sydney Adamson Harper.
Panama: City of Madmen. J.F.Wilson. . . Lippincott.
Parisian Cafes. Frances W. Huard Scribner.
Patent System, The American. G.H.Montague. No. Amer.
Philippine Neutrality. Cyrus F. Wicker . . . Atlantic.
Poetry, English, and the Greek. Gilbert Murray. Atlantic.
Population, Earning Power of. A. J. Nock . . American.
Prayer, Morning, The Order of. Emily C. Wight. Atlantic.
President, Our Next. E. C. Pomeroy Forum.
Progressive Delegate, My Experiences as a. Jane
Addams McClure.
Progressive Party, The. Albert W. Atwood . American.
Pronoun, Conflicts of Usage in the. T.R.Lounsbury. Harper.
Prosperity, The Coming. Edward N. Vose. World's Work.
Protection, Fallacies of. Henry Herzberg. North American.


1912.]
345
THE DIAL
Remedy, The, for the High Cost of Living.
Thomas W. Lawson Everybody's.
Rhino, The Rambunctious. Stewart E. White. American.
Saddle-Horses. Thoroughbreds and Trotters as.
E. S. Nadal Century.
Sanitation, Modern. Alvah H. Doty . . North American.
Schnitzler, Arthur. Archibald Henderson . . No. Amer.
Secret Writing. J. H. Haswell Century.
Shakespeare Played by Peasants. V. L. White-
church World's Work.
Socialism in the Ohio Constitution. D.J.Ryan. No. Amer.
Stevensoniana. Sir Sidney Colvin Scribner.
Suffrage Movement, Violence in the. M. Fawoett. Century.
Tax, The Tariff. Charles J. Post Everybody's.
Theatrical Stock Company, The. W. P. Eaton. American.
Tuberculosis and the Schools. A. T. Cabot . . Atlantic.
Travelers, Toryism of. Samuel McChord Crothers. Atlantic.
Twain, Mark — XIII. Albert Bigelow Paine . . Harper.
Wage-Earner, The Vanishing American. W. J.
Lauck Atlantic.
Wages, The Drama of. Mary Field American.
Water Conservation by Cities. E. W. Bemis. Rev. of Revs.
Water-Waste Detection. H. T. Wade. Review of Reviews.
Women, Honor among. Elisabeth Woodbridge . Atlantic.
Words. Harriet Mason Kilburn American.
List of New Books.
[The following list, containing S93 titles, includes books
received by The Dial since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Under the Old Plait ■ Recollections of Military Oper-
ations in the War for the Union, the Spanish
War, the Boxer Rebellion, etc. By James Harri-
son Wilson. In 2 volumes; with portraits, 8vo.
D. Appleton & Co. $6. net.
Everybody's St. Francis. By Maurice Francis Egan.
Illustrated in color by M. Boutet de Monvel, 8vo,
191 pages. Century Co. $2.50 net.
Personal Traits of Abraham Lincoln. By Helen Nic-
olay. 12mo, 387 pages. Century Co. $1.80 net.
The Romance of Sandro Bottleelll. By A. J. Ander-
son. Illustrated In photogravure, etc., 8vq. 323
pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $3. net.
Henrietta Maria. By Henrietta Haynes. Illustrated
In photogravure, etc., large Svo. 335 pages. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $3.50 net.
In the Footsteps of Richard Coenr de Lion. By
Maude M. Holbach. Illustrated In photogravure,
etc., large 8vo, 357 pages. Little, Brown & Co.
$4. net.
The Romance of a Favourite. By Frederic Lollfie;
translated by William Morton Fullerton. Illus-
trated In photogravure, 8vo, 290 pages. D. Apple-
ton & Co. $3.50 net.
Roger of Sicily, and the Normans In Lower Italy,
1016-1154. By Edmund Curtis. M.A. Illustrated,
12mo. 483 pages. "Heroes of the Nations." G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $1.50 net.
Canute the Great, 995 (circ.)—1035, and the Rise of
Danish Imperialism during the Viking Age. By
Laurence Marcellus Larson, Ph. D. Illustrated,
12mo, 375 pages. "Heroes of the Nations." G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $1.50 net.
Little-Known Sisters of Well-Known Men. By Sarah
G. Pomeroy. With portraits, 12mo, 304 pages.
Dana Estes & Co. $1.25 net.
William T. Kir hard* i A Brief Outline of His Life
and Art. By Harrison S. Morris. Illustrated, 8vo,
61 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1. net.
Charles Eliot Norton: Two Addresses. By Edward
Waldo Emerson and William Fenwlck Harris.
With portrait, 8vo, 63 pages. Houghton Mifflin
Co. 75 cts. net.
A Prisoner of War In Vlrglnln, 1864-5. By George
Haven Putnam. Second edition, with appendix
presenting statistics of Northern prisons from
the Report of Thomas Sturgls. Illustrated, 8vo,
127 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1. net.
Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke. By Frances
Berkeley Young. Illustrated, 8vo, 237 pages. Lon-
don: David Nutt.
The Political Career of Richard Brlnsley Sheridan i
The Stanhope Essay for 1912. By Michael T. H.
Sadler. 12mo, 87 pages. Oxford: B. H. Blackwell.
Coke of Norfolk and His Friends. By A. M. W. Stir-
ling. New edition; illustrated in photogravure,
etc., large 8vo, 619 pages. John Lane Co. $4. net.
Prisoners of War, 1861-65: A Record of Personal
Experiences, and a Study of the Condition and
Treatment of Prisoners on Both Sides during the
War of the Rebellion. By Thomas Sturgls. Illus-
trated, 8vo. G. P. Putnam's Sons. 75 cts. net.
HISTORY.
Economic Beginnings of the Far West: How We
Won the Land beyond the Mississippi. By Kath-
arine Coman. In 2 volumes; Illustrated, 8vo.
Macmlllan Co. $4. net.
Romantic Days In the Early Republic. By Mary
Caroline Crawford. Illustrated, 8vo, 438 pages.
Little, Brown & Co. $2.50 net.
The Union of South Africa: With Chapters on Rho-
desia and the Native Territories of the High Com-
mission. By W. Basil Worsfold. Illustrated,
large 8vo, 530 pages. Little. Brown & Co. $3. net.
Kings and Gods of Egypt. By Alexandre Moret;
translated by Madame Moret. Illustrated; 8vo,
290 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2. net.
King's Cotters and Smugglers, 1700-1855. By E.
Keble Chatterton. Illustrated in color, etc., 8vo,
425 pages. J. B. Lipplncott Co. $2. net.
A History of the Presidency from 1897 to 1909. By
Edward Stanwood. Litt.D. 8vo, 298 pages. Hough-
ton Mifflin Co. $1.75 net.
Village Life In America, 1852-1872: Including the Pe-
riod of the American Civil War, as Told in the
Diary of a School-Glri. By Caroline Cowles Rich-
ards; with Introduction by Margaret E. Sangster.
Illustrated, 12mo, 207 pages. Henry Holt & Co.
$1.30 net.'
The Story of the Renaissance. By William Henry
Hudson. Illustrated, Svo, 268 pages. Cassell &
Co., Ltd. $1.50 net.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Letters of George Meredith. Collected and Edited by
his Son. In 2 volumes; with photogravure por-
traits, 8vo. Charles Scrlbner's Sons. $4. net.
Letters of Ulysses S. Grant to his Father and his
Youngest Sister, 1857-78. Edited by his nephew,
Jesse Grant Cramer. Illustrated in photogravure,
etc., large 8vo, 182 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1.75 net.
Time and Change. By John Burroughs. With por-
trait, 12mo, 279 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
$1.10 net.
The American Mind. By Bliss Perry. 12mo, 249
pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
Greek Literature: A Series of Lectures Delivered at
Columbia University. 8vo, 316 pages. Columbia
University Press. $2. net.
The Provincial American, and Other Papers. By
Meredith Nicholson. 12mo, 237 pages. Hough-
ton Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
Men. Women, and Minxes. By Mrs. Andrew Lang;
with prefatory note by Mr. Andrew Lang. 8vo,
302 pages. Longmans, Green & Co. $1.25 net.
A Doctor's Table Talk. By James Gregory Mumford.
M.D. 12mo, 257 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
$1.26 net.
Problems of Men, Mind, and Morals. By Ernest Bel-
fort Bax. 8vo, 294 pages. Small, Maynard & Co.
$1.50 net.
The Dasarupa: A Treatise on Hindu Dramaturgy. By
Dhanamjaya; translated from the Sanskrit, with
the text, an introduction, and notes, by George
C. O. Haas, Ph.D. 8vo, 169 pages. Columbia Uni-
versity Press. $1.50 net. .
The Classical Papers of Mortimer Lamson Earle.
With a memoir. With photogravure portrait, 8vo,
298 pages. Columbia University Press. $3. net.
Le Mollere du XXe Slecle: Bernard Shaw. Par Au-
gustin Hamon. With portraits, 8vo, 255 pages.
Paris: Eugi>ne Flgulere et Cle. Paper.


346
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
The Commedla dell 'Artel A Study in Italian Popular
Comedy. By Winifred Smith, Ph.D. Illustrated,
12mo, 290 pages. Columbia University Press.
$2. net.
A Flrat Sketch of English Literature. By Henry
Morley, LL.D. New and enlarged edition, with a
supplement bringing the work down to the deaths
of Swinburne and Meredith. 12mo, 1196 pages.
Cassell & Co., Ltd. $2. net.
Short-Story Masterpieces. Translated from the
French, with Introductions, by J. Berg Esenweln.
In 2 volumes, with photogravure portraits, 18mo.
Springfield: Home Correspondence School.
A Study of Oscar Wilde. By Walter Winston Kenil-
worth. 12mo, 139 pages. New York: R. F. Fenno
& Co. 50 cts. net.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
Browning's Works. Edited by Charlotte Porter and
Helen A. Clarke; with Introduction by William
Lyon Phelps. In 12 volumes; each with photo-
gravure frontispiece, 12mo. Thomas Y. Crowell
Co. Per volume, $1. net; per set, $12. net.
The Poetical Works of George Meredith. With Notes
by G. M. Trevelyan. With photogravure portrait,
8vo, 623 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2. net.
De Orbe Novo: The Eight Decades of Peter Martyr
D'Anghera. Translated from the Latin, with
Notes and Introduction by Francis Augustus Mac-
Nutt. In 2 volumes; illustrated in photogravure,
large 8vo. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $12.50 net.
Plutarch's Nlclas and Alclblades. Newly translated,
with Introduction and Notes, by Bernadotte Fer-
rln. With photogravure portrait, 8vo, 335 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $2. net.
The Letters of Thomas Gray, including the Corre-
spondence of Gray and Mason. Edited by Dun-
can C. Tovey. Volume III. 12mo, 421 pages.
"Bonn's Standard Library." Macmillan Co. Per
set, $3. net.
Books and Bookmen. By Andrew Lang. Illustrated",
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Green & Co. 75 cts. net.
DRAMA AND VERSE.
Ynle Book of Amerlcnn Verse. Edited by Thomas R.
Lounsbury. 8vo, 570 pages. Yale University Press.
The Daughter of Heaven. By Pierre Lotl and Judith
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Villa Mlraflore. By Frederic CrowninBhleld. 12mo,
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Love In Umbrtai A Drama of the First Franciscans.
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The Call of Brotherhood, and Other Poems. By Co-
rlnne Roosevelt Robinson. 12mo, 93 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25 net.
A Day at Castroglovannl. By George Edward Wood-
berry. 12mo. 29 pages. Printed for the Wood-
berry Society.
Rhymes of Eld. By Herbert Ferguson. 12mo, 139
pages. Sherman, French & Co. $1. net.
Songs and Sonnets! Second Series. By Webster Ford.
12mo, 85 pages. Chicago: The Rooks Press. Paper.
Pilgrimage of Gracei Verses on a Mission. By Arthur
Shearly Crlpps. 16mo, 107 pages. Oxford: R. H.
Blackwell.
FICTION.
Mrs. Lancelot! A Comedy of Assumptions. By Maur-
ice Hewlett. Illustrated. 12mo, 398 pages. Cen-
tury Co. $1.35 net.
The Net. By Rex Beach. Illustrated. 12mo. 333 pages.
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The Soul of a Tenon A Romance. By W. J. Hender-
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The Strong Hand. By Warwick Deeping. With front-
ispiece in color, 12mo, 333 pages. Cassell & Co.,
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Phoebe, Ernest, and Cnpld. By Inez Haynes Gill-
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The Chronicles of Qulncy Adams Sawyer, Detective.
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trated. 12mo, 316 pages. L. C. Page & Co.
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The Locusts' Years. By Mary Helen Fee. Illustrated
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The Outpost of Eternity. By Cosmo Hamilton. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 330 pages. D. Appleton & Co.
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Prudent Prlscllla. By Mary C. E. Wemyss. 12mo,
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Hell's Playground. By Ida Vera Simonston. 12mo,
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The Wind's WI1L By Albert Britt. 12mo, 400 pages.
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The Time Lock. By Charles Edmonds Walk. Illus-
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The Mldlandera. By Charles Tenney Jackson. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 386 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co.
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The Blackberry Pickers. By Evelyn St. Leger. 12mo,
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Ashton-KIrk, Secret Agent. By John T. Mclntyre.
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Co. $1.25 net.
The Trespasser. By D. H. Lawrence. 12mo, 292
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Blue Anchor Inn. By Edwin Bateman Morris. Illus-
trated In color, etc., 12mo, 302 pages. Penn Pub-
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The Red Button. By Will Irwin. Illustrated, 12mo,
370 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.30 net.
Miss Philura's Wedding Gown. A Sequel to "The
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Morse Kingsley. Illustrated, 12mo, 232 pages.
Dodd, Mead & Co. $1. net.
The Island of Beantlful Things! A Romance of the
South. By Will Alien Dromgoole. Illustrated in
color, 12mo, 302 pages. L C. Page & Co. $1.25 net.
The Lady and Sada Sam A Sequel to "The Lady of
the Decoration." By Frances Little. With front-
ispiece in color, 12mo, 225 pages. Century Co.
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King of the Camorra. By E. Serao; translated from
the Italian by Baron Bernardo Quaranta di San
Severino. 12mo, 303 pages. G. W. Dillingham
Co. $1.26 net.
Serena and Samanthai Being a Chronicle of Events
at the Torbolton Home. By Rosa Kellen Hallett.
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The Man at Lone Lake. By Virna Sheard. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 310 pages. Cassell & Co., Ltd.
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The Woollen Dress. By Henry Bordeaux. 12mo, 221
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Mellndy. By Stella George Stern Perry. With fron-
tispiece, 12mo, 250 pages. Moffat, Yard & Co.
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The Minor Chord! A Tale of the Middle West In
the Early '70s. By Joe Mitchell Chappie. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 326 pages. Boston: Chappie Pub-
lishing Co., Ltd. $1.25 net.
The Garden of Luzon. By Julian Scott Bryan. 12mo,
159 pages. Richard G. Badger. $1. net.
The Gordons. By Hope Daring. With frontispiece
in color, 12mo, 180 pages. New York: American
Tract Society. 50 cts. net.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
New Trails in Mexico! An Account of One Year's
Exploration in North-Western Sonora, Mexico,
and South-Western Arizona. By Carl Lumholtz,
M. A. Illustrated in color, etc., large 8vo, 411
pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $5. net.
The Flowing Road! Adventures on the Great Rivers
of South America. By Caspar Whitney. Illus-
trated, 8vo. J. B. Lippincott Co. $3. net.
The Path of the Conqulstndores: Trinidad and Ven-
ezuelan Guiana. By Lindon Bates, Jr. Illustrated
in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, 308 pages.
Houghton Mifflin Co. $3.50 net.
Gates of the Dolomites. By L Marion Davidson;
with a chapter on the flora of the Dolomites by
F. M. Spencer Thomson. Illustrated, 8vo, 332
pages. John Lane Co. $1.50 net.


1912.]
347
THE DIAL
By Flood and Field! Adventures Ashore and Afloat
In North Australia. By Alfred Searcy. Illus-
trated, 8vo, 327 pages. Macralllan Co. $2. net.
Around the Clock In Europe i A Travel-Sequence.
By Charles Fish Howell. Illustrated, 8vo, 356
pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $3. net.
A Mexican Journey. By 10. H. Bllchfeldt. Illus-
trated, fcvo, 280 pages. Thomas Y. Crowell Co.
$2. net.
PUBLIC AFFAIBS.
The New Competition. By Arthur Jerome Eddy. 8vo.
375 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $2. net.
The New Industrial Day. By William C. Redfleld.
12mo, 213 pages. Century Co. $1.25 net.
The New City Government■ A Discussion of Mu-
nicipal Administration Based on a Survey of
Ten Commission Governed Cities. By Henry
Bruere. 12mo, 438 pages. D. Appleton & Co.
$1. net.
Why Women Are So. By Mary Roberts Coolidge.
12mo, 371 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.50 net.
The Advance of Woman. By Jane Johnstone Chris-
tie. 12mo, 333 pages. J. B. Ltpplncott Co.
$1.50 net.
Making a Business Woman. By Anne Shannon Mon-
roe. 12mo, 311 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.30 net.
RELIGION AND THEOLOGY.
The Doctrine of the Peraon of Jesus Chriat. By
H. R. Mackintosh, D. D. 8vo, 540 pages. "Inter-
national Theological Library." Charles Scrlb-
ner's Sons. $2.50 net.
The International Critical Commentary. Edited by
Charles Augustus Briggs, Samuel Holies Driver,
and Alfred Plummer. New volumes: On the
Epistles of St. Paul to the Thessalonians, by
James Everett France; On the Johannine Epistles,
by A. E. Brooke. 8vo. Charles Scribner's Sons.
Per volume, $2.50 net.
The Ethlca of the Old Teatament. By Hinckley G.
Mitchell. 12mo, 417 pages. "Handbooks of
Ethics and Religion." University of Chicago
Press. $2. net.
The Book of Comfort. By J. R. Miller. 12mo, 280
pages. Thomas Y. Crowell Co. $1. net.
Twelve Studies on the Making of a Nation i The Be-
ginnings of Israel's History. By Charles Foster
Kent and Jeremiah Whipple Jenks. 12mo, 101
pages. Charles Scribner's Sons.
Crises In the Early Church. By John Alfred Faulk-
ner. 12mo, 166 pages. Eaton & Mains. 75 cts. net.
What Makes Life Worth Living) or. The Moral De-
velopment of Humanity. By S. S. Knight. 12mo,
169 pages. New York: R. F. Fenno & Co. $1. net.
Biblical Criticism and Preaching. By George El-
liott. 16mo, 96 pages. Eaton & Mains. 35 cts. net.
PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY.
The Persistent Problems of Philosophy t An Intro-
duction to Metaphysics through the Study of Mod-
ern Systems. By Mary Whiton Calkins. Third
edition, revised; 8vo, 577 pages. Macmillan Co.
$2.50 net.
Faith and Suggestion■ Including an Account of the
Remarkable Experiences of Dorothy Kerin. By
Edwin Lancelot Ash. Illustrated, 12mo, 153
pages. Philadelphia: Peter Reilly. $1.25 net.
History of Ancient Philosophy. By A. W. Benn.
Illustrated, 16mo, 203 pages. "History of the
Sciences." G. P. Putnam's Sons. 75 cts. net.
ART, ARCHITECTURE, AND MUSIC.
Greek and Roman Portraits. By Anton Hekler. Il-
lustrated, large 4to, 335 pages. G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $7.50 net.
By.Paths In Collecting. By Virginia Roble. Illus-
trated In color, etc., 8vo, 360 pages. Century Co.
$2.40 net.
A Text-Book of Design. By Charles Fabens Kelley
and William Luther Mown. Illustrated, large
8vo, 134 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $2. net.
Interpretation In Song. By Harry Plunket Greene.
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The Cathedrals of England and Wales. By Francis
Bond. Fourth edition: illustrated, 12mo, 493
pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $3. net.
HOLIDAY GIFT-BOOKS.
The Life of the Bee. By Maurice Maeterlinck; trans-
lated by Alfred Sutro. Illustrated in color by
Edward J. Detmold, large 8vo, 265 pages. Dodd,
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Childhood. Verses by Burges Johnson and pictures
by Cecilia Bull Hunter and Caroline Ogden. 4to.
Thomas Y. Crowell Co. $3. net.
Romance of the French Chateaux i Feudal, Renais-
sance, Bourbon. By Elizabeth W. Champrey. In
2 volumes; Illustrated In photogravure, etc., 8vo.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $6. net.
The Romance of Leonardo da VlncI. By Dmitri
Merejkowskl: authorized translation from the
Russian by Herbert Trench. In 2 volumes; illus-
trated, 8vo. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $5. net.
Modern Dancing and Dancers. By J. E. Crawford
Flitch, M.A. Illustrated in color, etc., 8vo, 228
pages. J. B. Llppincott Co. $3.75 net.
The Raphael Book. By Frank Roy Fraprie, F.RP.S.
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Historic New York during Two Centuries. Edited
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nam's Sons. $3.50 net.
The Romantic Story of the Puritan Fathers. By
Albert C. Addison. Illustrated, 8vo, 243 pages.
L C. Page & Co. $2.50 net.
The Story of the Bronx, from the Purchase Made
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Present Day. By Stephen Jenkins. Illustrated
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P. Putnam's Sons. $3.50 net.
Historic Summer Haunts from Newport to Port-
land. By F. Lauriston Bullard. Illustrated, 8vo,
329 pages. Little, Brown & Co. $2.50 net.
The "Flower of Gloster." By E. Temple Thurston.
Illustrated in color, etc., 8vo, 244 pages. Dodd,
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Marken and Its People. By George Wharton Ed-
wards. Illustrated in color by the author, 8vo,
182 pages. Moffat, Yard & Co. $2.50 net.
The Flower-Fields of Alpine Swltxerlandt An Ap-
preciation and a Plea. Painted and written by
G. Flemwell. Illustrated in color, 8vo, 195 pages.
Dodd, Mead & Co. $2.50 net.
The Grand Opera Singers of To-Day. By Henry C.
Lahee. With portraits, 8vo, 461 pages. L C.
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The Pike County Ballads. By John Hay. Illustrated
In color, etc., by N. C. Wyeth, 8vo, 46 pages.
Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.50 net.
Colonial Homesteads and Their Stories. By Marian
Harland. Two volumes In one; illustrated in
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nam's Sons. $3.50 net.
Joseph Pcnnell'a Plcturea of the Panama Canal.
Reproductions of a series of lithographs made
by him on the Isthmus of Panama, January-
March, 1912, together with impressions and
notes by the artist. Large 8vo. J. B. Llppin-
cott Co. $1.25 net.
The Alpa aa Seen by the Poeta. Edited by J. Wal-
ker McSpadden. Illustrated in color, 8vo, 223
pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.50 net.
The Charm of Venlcei An Anthology. Compiled by
Alfred H. Hyatt. Illustrated in color. 12mo, 388
pages. George W. Jacobs Co. $1.50 net.
The Charm of Londoni An Anthology. Compiled by
Alfred H. Hyatt. Illustrated in color, by Yoshio
Markino, 12mo, 372 pages. George W. Jacobs &
Co. $1.50 net.
The Blrda' Christmas Carol. By Kate Douglas
Wlggln. Illustrated in color, 8vo, 91 pages.
Houghton Mifflin Co. $1. net.
The Dixie Book of Days. By Matthew Page An-
drews. Illustrated, 12mo, 294 pages. J. B. Llp-
pincott Co. $1. net.
Yule-Tide Cheerj A Book of Verses for the Christ-
mas Season. Compiled by Edward A. Bryant.
With frontispiece In photogravure, 12mo, 309
pages. Thomas Y. Crowell Co. $1. net.


348
[Nov. 1,
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DIAL
Dawson, 11, Fortune Hunter. By John T. McCutch-
eon. Illustrated by the author, 12mo, 159 pases.
Dodd, Mead & Co. $1. net.
Bethlehem Bella. By B. J. Hoadley. 12mo, 44 paces.
Sherman, French & Co. $1. net.
The Pall of Ulyaaeai An Elephant Story. By Charles
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Doran Co. $1, net.
The Master-Slngera of Nuremberg (Die Melster-
slnger von Nurnberg): A Dramatic Poem. By
Richard Wagner; freely translated In poetic
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piece, 12mo, 128 pages. Thomas T. Crowell Co.
75 cts. net.
Three Dream*. By Hugh Black. With frontispiece
In color, 12mo, 30 pages. Fleming H. Revell Co.
50 cts. net.
The Joy of the Lord. By J. R. Miller. Illustrated
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50 cts. net.
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60 cts. net.
My Robin. By Frances Hodgson Burnett. Illus-
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A. Stokes Co. 60 cts. net.
The Man with the Pitcher and His Story: Retold
for the Christmas Season. By John F. Genung.
With frontispiece In color, 12 mo, 92 pages.
Thomas Y. Crowell Co. 50 cts. net.
The Goldflaht A Christmas Story for Children be-
tween Six and Sixty. By Julian Street. Illus-
trated in color, etc., 12mo, 68 pages. John Lane
Co. 70 cts. net.
Poaalblllty, Purpose, Endeavor. Compiled by Grace
Browne Strand. 12mo, 69 pages. A. C. McClurg
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Patience, Perseverance, Endurance. Compiled by
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BOOKS OF REFERENCE.
The International Bible Dictionary i Based on Wm.
Smith's One Volume Work. Edited by F. N.
Peloubet, D. D.; assisted by Alice D. Adams, M. A.
Illustrated, large 8vo, 799 pages. John C. Win-
ston Co. *2.40 net.
Public Speaking: Principles and Practice. By Irvah
Lester Winter. 8vo, 398 pages. Macmillan Co.
$2. net.
Newspaper Reporting and Correapondencei A Man-
ual for Reporters, Correspondents, and Students
of Newspaper Writing. By Grant Mllnor Hyde,
M. A. 12mo, 348 pages. D. Appleton & Co.
11.60 net.
Intercollegiate Debateai A Year Book of College
Debating. Edited by Egbert Ray Nichols. 12mo,
833 pages. Hinds, Noble & Eldredge. $1.60.
Scientific American Reference Hook: Edition of
1913. Compiled and edited by Albert A. Hopkins
and A. Russell Bond. Illustrated, 12mo, 597
pages. New York: Munn & Co., Inc. $1.50 net.
EDUCATION.
The Relations of Education to Cltlsenahlp. By Sim-
eon E. Baldwin. 12mo, 178 pages. Yale Univer-
sity Press. $1.16 net.
Rhythm and Action with Music for the Planoi For
Kindergartens and Gymnasiums. Selected and
edited by Katherine P. Norton; with Preface by
Ruth Waterman Norton. 4to. Oliver Dltson Co.
$1.
Titl Llvl ab Urbe Condlta Llbria: Praefatio; Liber
Primus. Edited by H. J. Edwards. M. A. 12mo,
232 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.10 net.
Durell'a Arithmetic Series. By Fletcher Durell,
Ph.D. New volumes: Elementary Arithmetic;
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Merrill Co.
Marcua Tulllua Ciceroi Seven Orations, with Selec-
tions from the Letters, De Senectute, and Sal-
lust's Bellum Catllinae. Edited, with introduc-
tion, notes, grammatical appendix, and prose
composition, by Walter B. Gunnison, Ph.D., and
Walter S. Harley, A.M. Illustrated, 12mo, 601
pages. Silver, Burdett & Co. $1.25.
Deutsche Gedlchte and Lieder. Selected and graded
for first, second, and third year high school
work by Charles Maltador Purin and Edwin
Carl Roedder. Illustrated, 12mo, 154 pages. D.
C. Heath & Co. 60 cts.
A First Latin Reader. By H. C. Nutting, Ph. D.
Illustrated, 12mo, 240 pages. American Book Co.
60 cts.
Choice Literature. Compiled and arranged by Sher-
man Williams. Books I-VI. Revised edition;
Illustrated, 12mo. American Book Co.
EulenpflngNteu. Von Wllhelm Raabe; edited, with
notes and vocabulary, by M. B. Lambert. With
portrait, 16mo. 189 pages. D. C. Heath & Co.
45 cts. net.
Fifty Famous People! A Book of Short Stories. By
James Baldwin. Illustrated, 12mo, 190 pages.
American Book Co. 35 cts. net.
Pupil's Notebook and Study Outline In English His-
tory. By Francis A Smith and Albert Perry
Walker. Large Svo. American Book Co. Paper,
25 cts.
Poema and Stories. By Bret Harte; selected and
edited for schools and colleges, with an Intro-
duction, by Charles Swain Thomas, A.M., 12mo,
110 pages. "Riverside Literature." Houghton
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Queatlona on Shakespeare. By Albert H. Tolman.
Comprising: The Merchant of Venice; The Tem-
pest; As You Like It; Henry IV., Part I. Each
16mo. University of Chicago Press. Paper,
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BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
Bill the Minder. Written and Illustrated by W.
Heath Robinson. Illustrated In color, etc., large
8vo, 254 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $3.60 net.
Ruaalan Wonder Tales. With a Foreword on the
Russian Skazkl by Post Wheeler, LItt. D. Illus-
trated In color, 8vo, 323 pages. Century Co.
$2.50 net.
Boya of Other Countries. By Bayard Taylor. En-
larged edition, including "The Robber Region of
Southern California." Illustrated In color, etc.,
svo, 260 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2. net.
The Boy's PInybook of Science. By John Henry Pep-
per; revised, rewritten, and relllustrated, with
many additions, by John Mastin, Ph.D. Illus-
trated, 8vo, 680 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2.50 net.
Sir Walter Raleigh. By John Buchan. Illustrated
In color, 8vo, 236 pages. Henry Holt & Co.
$2. net.
Gulliver"* Voyages to Lllllput and Brobdlngnag. By
Jonathan Swift. Illustrated by P. A. Staynes,
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Billy Popgun. By Milo Winter. Illustrated In color
by the artist, 4to, 61 pages. Houghton Mifflin
Co. $2. net.
The Book of Salnta and Heroes. By Mrs. Lang;
edited by Andrew Lang. Illustrated In color, etc.,
by H. J. Ford, 8vo, 351 pages. Longmans, Green
& Co. $1.60 net.
The Falrlea and the Chriatmaa ChUd. By Lilian
Gask. Illustrated In color, etc., 8vo, 261 pages.
Thomas Y. Crowell Co. $2. net.
Bold Robin Hood, and His Outlaw Band: Their Fa-
mous Exploits In Sherwood Forest. Penned and
pictured by Louis Rhead. 8vo, 286 pages. Har-
per & Brothers. $1.50.
Frolssart'a Chronicle*. Retold for young people
from Lord Berners' translation, by Madalen Ed-
gar. Illustrated in photogravure, Svo, 283 pages.
Thomas Y. Crowell Co. $1.50 net.
Adventure* In Southern Seaai Stirring Stories of
Adventure among Savages, Wild Beasts, and the
Forces of Nature. By Richard Stead, F.R. Hist. S.
Illustrated, 8vo, 318 pages. J. B. Lipplncott Co.
$1.50 net.


1912.]
349
THE DIAL
Beat Stories to Tell to Children. By Sara Cone
Bryant. Illustrated in color, 8vo, 181 pages.
Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.50 net.
The Boys' Nelson. By Harold F. B. Wheeler. Illus-
trated. 8vo, 256 pages. Thomas T. Crowell Co.
$1.50 net.
Mm. Leicester's School. Written by Charles and
Mary Lamb, and illustrated by Winifred Green.
Illustrated in color, 8vo, 128 pages. E. P. Dutton
& Co. $1.60 net.
Little Women. By Louisa M. Alcott. Illustrated,
12mo, 617 pages. "Players' Edition." Little,
Brown & Co. $1.50 net.
Mary Ware's Promised Land. By Annie Fellows
Johnston. 12mo, 317 pages. "Little Colonel Se-
ries." L. C. Page & Co. $1.50.
The Castle of Zlont Stories from the Old Testament.
By George Hodges. Illustrated, 8vo, 200 pages.
Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.50 net.
Legend* of Our Little Brothersi Fairy Lore of Bird
and Beast. Retold by Lilian Gask. Illustrated,
12mo, 268 pages. . Thomas Y. Crowell Co. $1.60.
The Young Minute-Man of 1812. By Everett T.
Tomlinson. Illustrated, 12mo, 343 pages. Hough-
ton Mifflin Co. $1.60.
With Carrlngton on the Boseman Road. By Joseph
Mills Hanson. Illustrated, 12mo, 411 pages. A. C.
McClurg & Co. $1.50.
Shakespeare's Stories of the English Kings. Retold
by Thomas Carter. Illustrated In color, 8vo, 284
pages. Thomas Y. Crowell Co. $1.50 net.
Campus Days. By Ralph D. Paine. Illustrated,
12mo, 356 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
The Young Crusaders at Washington. By George P.
Atwater. Illustrated, 12mo, 303 pages. "Young
Crusader Series." Little, Brown & Co. $1.50.
Sbaggyeoati The Biography of a Beaver. By Clar-
ence Hawkes. Illustrated, 12mo, 273 pages.
George W. Jacobs & Co. $1.60.
Henley's American Captain. By Frank E. Channon.
Illustrated, 12mo. 318 pages. "Henley School-
boys Series." Little, Brown & Co. $1.50.
Four Boys on Pike's Peak: Where They Went, What
They Did, What They Saw. By Everett T. Tom-
linson. Illustrated, 12mo, 401 pages. Lothrop,
Lee & Shepard Co. $1.50 net.
Piebald, King of Broncho* i The Biography of a Wild
Horse. By Clarence Hawkes. Illustrated, 12mo,
297 pages. George W. Jacobs & Co. $1.50.
Buddie at Gray Bnttes Camp. By Anna Chapin Ray.
Illustrated, 12mo, 201 pages. Little, Brown & Co.
$1.50.
Old Four-Toes; or, Hunters of the Peaks. By Ed-
win L. Sabin. Illustrated, 12mo, 350 pages.
Thomas Y. Crowell Co. $1.50.
Lieutenant Ralph Osborn aboard a Torpedo Boat
Destroyer. By Commander E. L. Beach, U.S.N.
Illustrated, 12mo, 342 pages. Boston: W. A.
Wilde Co. $1.50.
The Seashore Booki Bob and Betty's Summer with
Captain Hawes. Stories and pictures by E.
Boyd Smith. Illustrated in color, 8vo. Hough-
ton Mifflin Co. $1.50 net.
Every-Day Susan. By Mary F. Leonard. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 370 pages. Thomas Y. Crowell Co.
$1.50.
Building an Airship at Silver Fox Farm. By James
Otis. Illustrated, 12mo, 354 pages. Thomas Y.
Crowell Co. $1.50.
Brave Deeds of American Sailors. By Robert B.
Duncan. Illustrated, 8vo, 311 pages. George W.
Jacobs Co. $1.50 net.
Six Girls Grown Up. By Marlon Ames Taggart. Il-
lustrated, 12mo, 343 pages. Boston: W. A. Wilde
Co. $1.50.
The Mermaid's Gift, and Other Stories. By Julia
Brown. Illustrated in color by Maginel Wright
Enright, large 8vo, 168 pages. Rand, McNally &
Co. $1.25.
The Aircraft Boys of Lakeport] or, Rivals of the
Clouds. By Edward Stratemeyer. Illustrated,
12mo, 320 pages. Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co.
$1.25.
Molly and Margaret. By Pat; with Introduction by
W. H. Hudson. Illustrated In color, etc., 12mo,
155 pages. Longmans, Green & Co. $1.25 net.
The Boy Scouts of Bob's Hill. By Charles Pierce
Burton. Illustrated, 12mo, 313 pages. Henry
Holt & Co. $1.26 net.
A Dixie Rose In Bloom. By Augusta Kortrecht.
With frontispiece in color, 12mo, 318 pages. J. B.
Lipplncott Co. $1.25 net.
When Margaret Was a Sophomore. Ey Elizabeth
Holllster Hunt. Illustrated In color, etc., 12mo,
211 pages. Moffat, Yard & Co. $1.26 net.
The Little King and the Princess True. By Mary
Earle Hardy. Illustrated, 8vo, 182 pages. Rand,
McNally & Co. $1.25.
Hester's Wage-Earning. By Jean K. Balrd. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 327 pages. Lothrop, Lee & Shepard
Co. $1.26.
"Pewee" Clinton, Plebei A Story of Annapolis. By
William O. Stevens. Illustrated, 12mo, 311 pages.
J. R Lipplncott Co. $1.25 net.
With Carson and Fremont. By Edwin L. Sabin. Il-
lustrated In color, etc., 302 pages. J. B. Lippln-
cott Co. $1.25 net.
Ken Ward In the Junglei Thrilling Adventures in
Tropical Wilds. By Zane Grey. Illustrated,
12mo, 309 pages. Harper & Brothers. $1.26.
The Children's Own Longfellow. Illustrated In color,
8vo, 103 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
The Dragon and the Cross. By Ralph D. Paine. Il-
lustrated, 12mo, 241 pages. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $1.25.
Mother Goose In Holland. Illustrated in color, etc.,
by May Audubon Post. 4to, 90 pages. George
W. Jacobs & Co. $1.25.
Betty-Blde-at-Home. By Beulah Marie Dix. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 236 pages. Henry Holt & Co.
$1.25 net.
At Seneca Castle. By William W. Canfleld. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 274 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co.
$1.25 net.
Partners for Fair. By Alice Calhoun Haines. Illus-
trated, 12mo. 232 pages. Henry Holt & Co.
$1.25 net.
The Boy Electricians as Detectives. By Edwin J.
Houston, Ph.D. Illustrated, 12mo, 314 pages. J.
B. Lipplncott Co. $1.25 net.
The Camp at Sea Duck Cove. By Ellery H. Clark.
Illustrated, 12mo, 277 pages. Houghton Mifflin
Co. $1.25 net.
Dave Morrell's Battery. By Hollls Godfrey. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 289 pages. Little, Brown & Co.
$1.25.
Uncle Peter Heathen. By Emllle Blackmore Stapp.
Illustrated In color, 12mo, 285 pages. Philadel-
phia: David McKay. $1.25.
The Mountain Divide. By Frank H. Spearman. Il-
lustrated, 12mo, 319 pages. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $1.25 net.
The Lady of the Lane. By Frederick Orln Bartlett.
Illustrated, 12mo, 336 pages. Century Co.
$1.25 net.
With the Indians In the Rockies. By James Wll-
lard Schultz. Illustrated, 8vo, 227 pages. Hough-
ton Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
Along the Mohawk Trail) or, Boy Scouts on Lake
Champlain. By Percy K. Fltzhugh. Illustrated,
12mo, 394 pages. Thomas Y. Crowell Co. $1.25.
Crofton Chums. By Ralph Henry Barbour. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 338 pages. Century Co. $1.25 net.
The Son of Columbus. By Molly Elliot Seawell. Il-
lustrated, 12mo, 237 pages. Harper & Brothers.
$1.25.
The Lucky Sixpence. By Emille Benson Knipe and
Alden Arthur Knipe. Illustrated, 12mo, 408
pages. Century Co. $1.25 net.
'•Don't Give Up the Ship!" By Charles S. Wood. Il-
lustrated In color, etc., 12mo, 314 pages. Mac-
millan Co. $1.25 net.
The Land of Ice and Snowj or. Adventures In
Alaska. By Edwin J. Houston, Ph.D. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 412 pages. Griffith & Rowland
Press. $1.25.


350
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
Two Young Americana—Philip and Molly. By Bar-
bara Yechton. Illustrated, 12mo, 307 pages.
Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50.
Dorothy Brooke at Rldgemore. By Frances C.
Sparhawk. Illustrated, 12mo, 409 pages. Thomas
Y. Crowell Co. $1.60.
The Four Corners In Japan. By Amy E. Blanch-
ard. Illustrated, 12mo, 377 pages. George \V.
Jacobs & Co. $1.50.
Sue Jane. By Maria Thompson Daviess. Illustrated,
12mo, 223 pages. Century Co. $1.25 net.
Plnck on the Long Trail) or, Boy Scouts In the
Rockies. By Edwin L. Sabin. Illustrated, 12mo,
321 pages. Thomas Y. Crowell Co. $1.25.
John and Betty's Scotch History Visit. By Mar-
garet Williamson. Illustrated, 12mo, 306 pages.
Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co. $1.25.
Once Upon a Time Tales. By Mary Stewart; with
Introduction by Henry van Dyke. Illustrated,
12mo, 275 pages. Fleming H. Revell Co. $1.25 net.
For Old Donchesteri or, Archie Hartley and His
Schoolmates. By Arthur Duftey. Illustrated,
12mo, 350 pages. Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co.
$1.25.
The Knights of the Golden Spnr. By Rupert Sar-
gent Holland. Illustrated, 12mo, 313 pages. Cen-
tury Co. $1.25 net.
The Mystery of the Grey Oak Inni A Story for
Boys. By Louise Godfrey Irwin. Illustrated,
12mo, 317 pages. Moffat, Yard & Co. $1.25 net.
Caldwell's Boys' and Girls' at Home. Illustrated in
color, etc., 4to, 192 pages. H. M. Caldwell Co.
$1.25.
Barry Wynn. By George Barton. Illustrated, 12mo,
348 pages. Small, Maynard & Co. $1.20 net.
The Young Woodsman) or, Running Down the
Squaw-Tooth Gang. By Hugh Pendexter. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 413 pages. Small, Maynard* Co.
$1.20 net.
The Mary Frances Cook Book) or. Adventures
among the Kitchen People. By Jane Eayre Fry-
er. Illustrated in color, large 8vo, 176 pages.
John C. Winston Co. $1.20 net.
Chats with Children of the Church. By James M.
Farrar, LL. D. 12mo, 266 pages. Funk & Wag-
nails Co. $1.20 net.
Fred Spencer, Reporter. By Henry M. Neely. Illus-
trated. 12mo, 358 pages. Small, Maynard & Co.
$1.20 net.
Little Queen Esther. By Nina Rhoades. Illustrated.
12mo, 286 pages. Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co. $1.
Old Rhymes with New Tunes. Composed by Rich-
ard Runclman Terry. Illustrated by Gabriel
Plppet, 4to, 32 pages. Longmans, Green & Co.
80 cts. net.
Training the Little Home Maker by Kindergarten
Methods. By Mabel Louise Kcech, A. B. Illus-
trated, large 8vo, 77 pages. J. B. Llppincott Co.
Next-Night Stories. By Clarence Johnson Messer.
Illustrated, 12mo, 261 pages. Lothrop, Lee &
Shepard Co. $1. net.
Their City Christmas! A Story for Boys and Girls.
By Abble Farwell Brown. Illustrated. 12mo, 87
pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. 75 cts. net.
A Christmas Party for Santa Claus. By Ida M. Hunt-
ington. Illustrated in color, etc., large 8vo, 102
pages. Rand, McNally & Co. 75 cts.
The Wonder-Workers. By Mary H. Wade. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 196 pages. Little, Brown & Co.
$1. net.
The Scout Master of Troop 8. By I. T. Thurston.
Illustrated. 12mo, 288 pages. Fleming H. Revell
Co. $1. net.
The Boys' Pnrkmani Selections from the Historical
Works of Francis Parkman. Compiled by Louise
S. Hasbrouck. Illustrated, 12mo, 187 pages. Lit-
tle. Brown & Co. $1. net.
A Little Book of Christmas. By John Kendrlck
Bangs. Illustrated, 12mo, 173 pages. Little,
Brown & Co. $1. net.
A Life of Christ for the Young. By George Ludlng-
ton Weed. Illustrated in color, etc.. 8vo, 339
pages. George W. Jacobs & Co. $1. net.
Mother West Wind's Animal Friends. By Thornton
W. Burgess. Illustrated, 12mo, 221 pages. Lit-
tle, Brown & Co. $1.
Nobody's Rose) or, The Girlhood of Rose Shannon.
Illustrated, 12mo. 304 pages. Lothrop, Lee &
Shepard Co. $1. net.
A Dear Little Girl's Thanksgiving Holidays. By
Amy E. Blanchard. Illustrated, 12mo, 246 pages.
George W. Jacobs & Co. $1. net.
Mr. Responsibility, Partner! How Bobby and Joe
Achieved Success in Business. By Clarence John-
son Messer. Illustrated, 12mo, 379 pages. Lo-
throp, Lee & Shepard Co. $1. net.
Curiosity Kate. By Florence Bone. Illustrated,
12mo, 315 pages. Little Brown & Co. $1.20 net.
How Phoebe Found Herselfi A Story for Girls. By
Helen Dawes Brown. With frontispiece, 12mo,
224-pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.15 net.
Twaa the Night before Christmas"! A Visit from St.
Nicholas. By Clement C. Moore. Illustrated in
color by Jessie Wlllcox Smith, 8vo. Houghton
Mifflin Co. $1. net.
Jataka Tales. Re-told by Ellen C. Babbitt. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 92 pages. Century Co. $1. net.
Young Honesty—Politician! Being the Story of how
a Young Ranchman Helped to Elect His Father
Congressman. By Bruce Barker. With frontis-
piece in color, 12mo, 308 pages. Boston: W. A.
Wilde Co. $1. net.
Jean Cabot at Ashton. By Gertrude Fisher Scott.
Illustrated, 12mo, 361 pages. Lothrop, Lee &
Shepard Co. $1. net.
The Boy Scouts of Berkshire. By Walter Prltch-
ard Eaton. With frontispiece In color, 12mo,
313 pages. Boston: W. A. Wilde Co. $1. net.
Dorothy Dainty's Holidays. By Amy Brooks. Il-
lustrated, 12mo, 240 pages. Lothrop, Lee &
Shepard Co. $1.
The Young Shipper of the Great Lakes. By Hugh
C. Weir. With frontispiece in color, 12mo, 325
pages. "Great American Industries Series." Bos-
ton: W. A. Wilde Co. $1. net.
Bud and Bamboo. By John Stuart Thomson. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 96 pages. D. Appleton & Co.
When Christmas Came too Early. By Mabel Fuller
Blodgett. Illustrated, 12mo, 107 pages. Little,
Brown & Co. 75 cts. net.
The Turkey Doll. By Josephine Scrlbner Gates. Il-
lustrated in color, etc., 12mo, 61 pages. Hough-
ton Mifflin Co. 75 cts. net.
Princess Rags and Tatters. By Harriet T. Comstock.
Illustrated in color, 12mo, 112 pages. Doubleday,
Page & Co. 75 cts. net.
The Fortunes of Nigel. Retold for boys and girls
by Alice F. Jackson. Illustrated in color, 12mo,
200 pages. George W. Jacobs & Co. 75 cts. net.
The English History Story-Book. By Albert F.
Blalsdell and Francis K. Ball. Illustrated, 12mo,
198 pages. Little, Brown & Co. 75 cts.
The Children of History! Early Times (B. C. 800 to
A. D. 1000). By Mary S. Hancock. Illustrated in
color, etc., 12mo, 136 pages. Little. Brown & Co.
60 cts. net.
Redgauntlet. Retold for boys and girls by Alice F.
Jackson. Illustrated in color, 12mo. 197 pages.
George W. Jacobs & Co. 75 cts. net.
Rowenn's Happy Summer. By Cella Myrover Rob-
inson. Illustrated in color, 12mo, 104 pages.
Rand. McNally & Co. 60 cts. net.
The Children of History! Later Times (A. D. 1000
to 1910). By Mary S. Hancock. Illustrated In
color, etc., 12mo, 193 pages. Little, Brown & Co.
60 cts. net.
"Wanted." and Other Stories. By James Otis. Il-
lustrated, 12mo, 146 pages. Harper & Brothers.
60 cts.
Cherry Tree Children. By Mary Frances Blalsdell.
Illustrated in color, 12mo. 126 pages. Little,
Brown & Co. 60 cts.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Myths and Legends of Japan. By F. Hadland Davis.
Illustrated in color, 8vo, 432 pages. Thomas Y.
Crowell Co. $3.50 net.


1912.]
351
THE DIAL
A History of French Private Law. By Jean Brls-
saud; translated from the second French edition
by Rapelje Howell; with Introduction by W. S.
Holdsworth and John H. Wlgmore. Large 8vo,
922 pages. "Continental Legal History Series."
Little, Brown & Co. $.",. net.
Fire Prevention. By Edward F. Croker. Illustrated,
12mo. 354 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50 net.
The Party Book. By Winifred Fales and Mary H.
Northend. Illustrated, Svo, 354 pages. Little,
Brown & Co. |2. net.
Behind the Dark Pines. By Martha Young. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 288 pages. D. Appleton & Co.
J1.50 net.
The Wireless. Mani His Work and Adventures on
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THE DIAL
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No. 634. NOVEMBER 16, 1912. Vol. LIU.
Contents.
PAGE
OUR SPIRITUAL HEALTH 369
THE RETURN OF THE GODS. Charles Leonard
Moore 371
CASUAL COMMENT 372
A library movement in Baroda.— The poet's emo-
tions in the face of impending death.—A sumptuous
book catalogue.—Stevenson's conception of realism.
— A proposed library of peculiar character.— The
economic value of loafing.—A roseate view of Turkey.
—High quotations on a young author's first editions.
—The growth of the Goethe Museum at Weimar.
COMMUNICATIONS 375
Hackneyed Phrases. (.'. M. G.
A Proposed Institute of Business and Agricultural
Research. Aksel G. S. Josephson.
RECOLLECTIONS OF LOUIS NAPOLEON. Roy
Temple House 376
THE HUMBLE-BEE AS A HOBBY HORSE. T. D.
A. Cockerel I 377
A NEW STUDY OF AMERICAN TRAITS. Norman
Foerster 378
MATHEMAT1CO-PROCRUSTEAN ART. Raymond
Pearl 380
THE CHILD AND SOCIALREFORM. AlvinS. Johnson 380
Holmes's The Conservation of the Child.— Miss
Breckinridge and Miss Abbott's The Delinquent
Child and the Home.— Ogburn's Progress and
Uniformity in Child-Labor Legislation.— Clopper's
Child Labor in City Streets.— George and Stowe's
Citizens Made and Remade.—Swift's Youth and the
Race.— Forbush's The Coming Generation.— Miss
Breckinridge's The Child in the City.— Miss Deni-
son's Helping School Children.
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne . . . 383
Wells's Marriage.— Maarten Maartens's Eve.—"G.
A. Birmingham's" Priscilla's Spies.— Doyle's The
Lost World.—Kester'sThe Fortunesof the Laudrays.
—Edwards's A Man's World.—" Martin Redfield's"
My Love and I.—Scribner's The Secret of Frontellac.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 386
"The King who never reigned."—The '' man farthest
down " in Europe.—Coeur de Lion and the landscape.
— Reminiscences of modern German philosophers.—
Superstitions and omens of Southern India.— " The
long road" of evolution.— A great military com-
mander as college president.— A treatise on style in
musical art.— Recollections of a busy author and
traveller.— Washington and Lincoln as related lead-
ers.— Memorials of Dante in modern Florence.
BRIEFER MENTION .390
NOTES :»1
LIST OF NEW BOOKS 391
OUK SPIRITUAL HEALTH.
Is our culture in a bad way? Are the ideals
upon which the soul is fed growing less urgent
in their appeal to the modern man? Do we face
the prospect of a spiritual decline comparable to
that which darkened the world when the ancient
civilizations decayed, and mankind groped for
centuries to rediscover the light that was lost?
These are the questions raised by Dr. E. B.
Andrews in "The International Journal of
Ethics," where he discusses "The Decline of
Culture" in a spirit which many will think un-
duly pessimistic, but with a degree of earnest-
ness which is deeply impressive. His diagnosis
of our case does not indicate the menace of any
barbarian invasion threatening to overwhelm
our civilization, but rather places stress upon the
internal causes that seem already to have gone
far toward the undermining of our spiritual
health. The culture which seems to him to be
visibly declining is defined as " the appreciation,
not contemplative alone but active and efficient,
of the non-economic values." Its content is en-
lightenment, breadth, open-mindeIness,chivalry,
honor, generosity, magnanimity, justice, gentle-
ness, devotion to principle, the courage of one's
convictions, power to sustain, without courting
it, loneliness, resisting popular clamors and mob
movements, whether plebeian or patrician." It
will be observed that this analysis has chiefly in
mind the ethical rather than the {esthetic aspect
of culture. But even those of us who have
framed our faith in accordance with the teach-
ings of the most persuasive of the apostles of
culture in our own day must remember his
insistence upon the proposition that conduct is
three-fourths of life.
At first discussing the subject on some of its
more general aspects, Dr. Andrews speaks of the
prevailing modern tendency to shape thought
and action into uniform moulds. The deaden-
ing influences of fashion, of what Huxley called
regimentation, of industrialism, bureaucracy,
and centralization, are everywhere made mani-
fest. "Science enables us to multiply infinitely
all the things we invent and to throw them upon
the market with cheapening profusion." "Let
shallow people laugh at New England provincial-
ism and berate the South for being solid. The
wise rejoice that so much local apartness sur-


370
[Nov. 16,
THE
DIAL
vives." "Centralization annuls not only the
baneful and narrow in particularism but, worse
still, its sap and vigor." Its steam-roller "flat-
tens individuals into specimens." Where in
such a world can character, originality, the will
to strike into new paths, get foothold? "It is
doubtful whether what might be called the sci-
entific mind is holding its own. Superstition not
unlike belief in ghosts is still wide-spread and
rank." "There is wide remission of enthusiasm
for humanity. Few think it articulately; fewer
avow it." If we have done something to check
the crimes of violence, "the crimes of cunning,
secret vices, tricks, however immoral and cruel,
that can be worked in accordance with law, and
especially offences against personal purity, are
everywhere on the increase." The enumeration
of morbid conditions in our social pathology
is considerably more extended than the above
array of quotations would indicate, and they are
matter for much self-searching.
More specifically, "the culture pyaemia in
American society may be traced, in the main,
to four great plexuses of influences: one, the
country's astounding growth in wealth; a second,
the spread of communistic socialism; a third,
bad theory and practice in education; and a
fourth, depressing views of the world, life, and
man." The dominance of the American ideal
by the money-making spirit is so pronounced that
it everywhere overshadows the higher values of
life and the nobler objects of ambition. Success
is judged by the test of the dollar, and the man
who refuses to recognize the validity of this test
is viewed askance as a freakish and abnormal per-
son. The schools and the churches, the theatres
and the concert-halls, must be made to " pay";
if they do not "pay," they are discredited.
"Wealth-gaining is an obtrusive, all-engrossing
phenomenon, overshadowing all else,— massive,
ubiquitous, obstreperous, never out of sight or
out of mind." If culture is an "appreciation of
the non-economic values," it has small chance of
growth in such an environment.
Socialism, which is everywhere gaining upon
us, makes no attempt to conceal its levelling
purpose. It is " a crusade against the highlands
of men's life in the supposed interest of the bog."
It is essentially a gospel of materialism, and its
root appeal is to greed, however that term be
disguised under such high-sounding names as
justice and brotherhood. It would " build forth
the social body utterly without regard to heter-
ogeneity, allowing no place for the genius, the
artist, the dreamer, the mugwump, the rebel.
The church in its worst days never meditated
rendering life so insipid." Coming to the third
count of our critic's indictment, one of the chief
foes of culture is education, which should be its
agent and minister, but which instead, in its cur-
rent tendencies, can see nothing for a school to
do more important than preparing its victims
for the task of earning their livings. "Pesti-
lential," says Dr. Andrews,— and the word is
not too strong— " is the cry for shorter courses,
that young people may begin work earlier in life,
earn more, and be surer of large families. There
is no fear that our population will be too small,
but much that it will be too mean." Rigid ad-
ministrative systems and the preference given
to utilitarian studies are draining our schools
and colleges of their spiritual life, and making
them factories of automata rather than institu-
tions for the higher development of human
faculty. How can a student whose education
has been thus directed to narrow practical ends
speak of his school as alma mater, with any sense
of the significance of that beautiful expression?
Last of his four specific causes for the de-
cline of culture, Dr. Andrews names the phi-
losophy of naturalism, which makes a mechani-
cal interpretation of the doctrine of evolution,
discerning no purpose at work in the universe,
and finds in the teachings of Nietzsche its log-
ical outcome. "Naturalism can give no reason
why any sentiment, impulse, or conviction
which in any manner is of advantage to the
race should be preferred to any other impulse
or conviction as more worthy of consideration
or obedience." "If naturalism is the truth,
morality is but a haphazard catalogue of pru-
dential regulations; beauty is unsubstantial
and accidental, not eternal; and even reason is
nothing else but a habit by which our thoughts
chance to take one course rather than another."
To our thinking, the chief manifestation of
declining culture is found in the very general
prevalence of a spirit of indifferentism, of a
moral apathy which leads men to think that
nothing really matters unless it affects their
own personal interests. This spirit can con-
template the social and political issues of our
own time, or the similar issues recorded in the
pages of history, with hardly any other emotion
than curiosity; the reactions of enthusiasm and
indignation are unknown to it; it does not
really care whether a nation (even our own)
keeps or violates its plighted faith with others,
whether a Finland or a Persia is strangled by
the brutal oppressor, whether a German Em-
pire ruthlessly despoils its French and Danish
neighbors. People ought to care for such things


1912.] THE
DIAL 371
as these more than for their daily bread, and
a culture which can regard them with indiffer-
ence, perhaps even with cynicism, is in perilous
need of a physician.
Although our author takes anything but a
cheerful view of the present, he is not without
hopes for the future, believing that"the sources
of culture gush perennially."
"In what quarter of the heavens dawn will first show,
it were rash to predict. Socialism will run a long course,
so will perverse education. There are happy signs that
wealth-seekers are beginning to distinguish between
wealth as a means and wealth as an end. Hardest to
reform will doubtless be man's faith. Perhaps another
Messiah will have to be awaited. Meantime, every child
of the day may do somewhat to widen the skirts of light.
As Emerson exhorts: 'Bend to the persuasion which is
flowing to you from every highest prompting of human
nature to be its tongue to the heart of man and to show
the besotted world how passing fair is wisdom.'"
THE RETURN OF THE GODS.
There is no more remarkable occurrence in the
vicissitudes of human thought than the birth, the
rise to power as a State religion, and the final ex-
pulsion of Buddhism from India. Before it came
the gods of the Vedas reigned, sacrifice was offered
them, the sacred hearth-fire was kept perpetually
lighted, caste was rigidly guarded, the twice-born
were regularly initiated and endued with the sym-
bolic cord. Buddhism, while not a proselytizing or
persecuting doctrine, swept away all these things
within its limits. It was an agnosticism. It said
that the gods were unknowable and that the soul did
not exist. Buddhism could not shake off that cen-
tral idea of Hindoo thought—transmigration. But
it transferred it from the soul to the character,—
Karma. The sum of a man's good and bad quali-
ties went on living endlessly until the former extin-
guished the latter, when Nirvana was attained. How
character could persist on through innumerable re-
births without being attached to a personality, is the
difficult point of the doctrine. Beautiful and noble
as Buddhism was in its ethics, its charity, and its
democracy, it killed hope in the heart and imagina-
tion in the mind. Humanity, Aryan humanity at
least, could not stand it. After eight or ten cen-
turies of growth and domination, it dwindled and
practically disappeared from the land of its birth.
The gods of the Vedas, new-incarnated, came back;
the hearth-fire burned again, and caste was renewed.
And a great system of Vedanta philosophy, of which
Sankara Acharya was the leading exponent, arose to
justify the change. Of course, with the return of the
gods and the belief in immortality, came back the
demons and the punishments of hell. But the change
was worth the cost. This new-old religion and philo-
sophy gave man back his soul.
In a smaller way, perhaps, it looks as if something
of this kind was about to happen in Europe and
America. For fifty years or more the Gorgon head
of Evolution has turned the heart and soul of man
to stone. Caught in a mechanical determinism, man-
kind has lost its freedom — the fluidity which before
yielded to all impulses of religion, poetry, and art.
If it tried to escape in philosophy, it found that
philosophy was fixed in an iron system of concepts
which opened only on nescience and nihilism.
Recently the world has become aware of two
great thinkers, Eucken in Germany and Bergson in
France, who have certainly given a new movement
to thought, and who may possibly herald a new era.
To a large extent their philosophies run parallel.
But Eucken's tends more in the direction of religion,
Bergson's more towards an underlying metaphysic.
The latter seems to be the more thorough, and, if it
can be established, ought to prove the more liberat-
ing of the two.
Bergson's thought, intensely difficult as it is to
grasp in its full development, is yet simple in its
leading principles. As Darwinism became sum-
med up in a few phrases, "natural selection," "the
survival of the fittest," "the descent of man," by
which the man in the street gained a not inadequate
idea of the theory, so Bergsonism is concentrated in
a few words or phrases, such as "intuition," "the
ilan vital," "duration," and "becoming," which fly
from mouth to mouth and are easily understood.
The philosophy is a crusade against both intellectual-
ism and naturalism. It puts aside, or makes second-
ary, the processes of deduction and induction, and
proposes a new method whose organ is intuition and
whose purpose is to place us in immediate contact
with life—with the ilan vital. Movement, becom-
ing, is of the essence of this act; and as time has
turned into a spatialized concept, Bergson substitutes
duration for it. Creation is original, continuing, and
incalculable.
It may be interesting to trace a little the genesis
of this new philosophy. Again there is a reminder
of Darwinism. As Lamarck, St. Hilaire, Goethe,
the elder Darwin, and Tennyson put forth Darwin-
ian ideas before the theory was formulated, so Berg-
sonism has been in the air for a long time. The
first anticipatory statement, as far as I know, of
Bergson's method is in the opening pages of Foe's
"Eureka." It is very thoroughgoing, and consists
of a denunciation of the rival methods of deduction
and induction in their boastful claims to be the sole
roads to truth, and the suggestion of a third process,
intuition, as a short cut across the fields. Poe's
weighty and acutely reasoned pages are marked
with a show of burlesque and persiflage which has
perhaps kept the philosophic thought in them from
being recognized. Here is a sentence describing the
effort to attain intuition, which might almost have
leaped out of one of Bergson's books: "It seems to
me that we require something like a mental gyration
on the heel. We need so rapid a revolution of all
things about the point of sight, that while the minutiae
vanish altogether, even the more conspicuous objects
blend into one." But Poe was a poet, and thought


372
[Nov. 16,
THE
DIAL
in images, so he turned from the metaphysical de-
velopment of his method and attacked the problem
of the universe from the physical side. Cardinal
Newman's "illative sense," the faculty which
recognizes propositions before they are stated and
resolves problems without logic, is only intuition
under another name. Schopenhauer's Will, under
some of its aspects, resembles intuition, and his con-
stant preoccupation all his life with the problem of
genius shows a bent towards an intuitional doctrine.
Nietzsche's valuable illumination of the Greek
Dionysian myth is a step in the same direction.
Von Hartmann's "Philosophy of the Unconscious"
is a genuine basis for the new method. It has not
escaped attention, of course, that Bergson is expound-
ing and expanding the doctrine of Heraclitus,—
he who said "you cannot go down into the same
river twice,"—the prophet of Becoming. There are
points of contact with Plotinus and with the Vedanta
philosophers of India. But Bergson has not only
gathered up all these threads of thoughts, — he has
supplied a vast deal more. He has made the theory
his own as much as Darwin made his, and what is
better he has exhibited it with so much grace of style
and richness of illustration that the general reader
may be tempted for once to say with Milton,
"How charming is divine philosophy,
Not harsh and ragged as dnll fools suppose,
But a perpetual feast of nectared sweets
Where no crude surfeit reigns."
But is Bergson's philosophy true? In the ver-
nacular, "will it wash "? Well, the critics have
already begun their work on it. Like most sys-
tems, it is a strong fortress hanging in air. If we
can only win to it we shall be safe. But it re-
quires a leap. It requires as strong an act of faith
as Kant calls for after he had broken down the
bridge between the phenomenal and the noumenal.
Yet it is unquestionably true that life is more than
mind, more than the concepts of that mind, more
than the language in which those concepts are
couched. We ought to be able to place ourselves
in immediate contact with the eternal duration, the
continuing creation, the ilan vital. But the trouble
is, if we do so we have no means of communicating
the fact to others. Intelligible communication can
only take effect by means of concepts and language.
We might each one of us become isolated like a
Dancing Dervish in our own ecstasy. Perhaps if
we transcend sensations, concepts, the unit of apper-
ception, the final self, we may not even know we
are in ecstasy.
But in spite of Bergson's very effective criticism
of intellectualism and naturalism, he does not really
want to prorogue or abolish those ever hostile but
still confederated powers of existence. He simply
wants to introduce a third force which will vitalize
them. Every religious enthusiast, every poet, every
artist knows that this force — call it intuition, in-
spiration, or intoxication — is the thing that he must
rely on for the best that he can do. It is the some-
thing not himself, which, after he has labored and
struggled and assembled his materials, comes in a
flash as it were and makes his work valuable. The
minds of poets have more than any others been the
paths for this unearthly influence. The "divine
phrensy," the " divine fire," have always been terms
applied to these seizures. The Greeks in their Diony-
sian myth tried to give a wider effect to this power
by a cult of intoxication.
The chief value of the Bergsonian philosophy
seems to me to be the liberating of the human mind
in this direction. It is a justification of religion,
poetry, art, all the imaginative and emotional pro-
ducts of our nature. These have been in danger
of being killed off by the general acceptance of
mechanical naturalism. If, as in India, the gods
come back, they will bring with them all the fresh
warm feelings and great imaginations from which
spring poetry and the arts. There will be
"One common wave of hope and joy.
Lifting mankind again."
In speaking above of Poe's contribution to the
new method of knowledge, I have used the phrase
"a short cut across the fields." In a great measure
that is what Bergson's philosophy really is. He
invites us to leave the too stony, dusty roads of in-
tellectualism and naturalism and follow him across
country. The grass is springy beneath us, flowers
bloom around, the air is fresh and sweet, we come
into the shade of trees and seat ourselves by living
fountains. It is a delightful adventure. Perhaps our
short cut will not lead us to the City of Truth, but
certainly neither of the two great highways which
mankind has tramped for so many centuries seems
to have done that. We cannot be worse off than we
were, and we may gain much delight by the way.
Perhaps if we can keep in sight of the old routes we
may combine all their advantages at once.
Charles Leonard Moore.
CASUAL COMMENT.
A library movement in Baroda which promises
to quicken the hitherto sluggish library activity of all
India starts with the formation of a Baroda Library
Club (twenty-five charter members) and the estab-
lishing of a "Library Miscellany," or quarterly peri-
odical devoted to public-library interests in Baroda
and in India generally. Mr. J. S. Kudalkar, editor
of the magazine, was called from America two years
ago by the Maharaja Gaikwad, pioneer of the mod-
ern library movement in India, to do for that coun-
try, as far as possible, what has already been done
for this in the founding of free libraries for the
people. The first number of the "Miscellany" has
reached us, and proves to be a highly interesting and
enterprising publication, its three sections (English,
Gujarati, and Marathi) being devoted to library
matters both domestic and foreign, especially to
the bibliothecal renaissance—or perhaps naissance
would be the better term — now receiving attention
and encouragement in India. An elaborate "Scheme


1912.]
373
THE
DIAL
of Classification for Sanskrit Libraries" is given, in
which the grand divisions of literature are designated
by vowels, gutterals, palatals, cerebrals, dentals, semi-
vowels, and sibilants, including the aspirate. This
may remind one of the new classification adopted
by our Library of Congress, a classification in
which the letters of the alphabet play the chief role,
with numbers as subordinates. Not all classifiers,
it is evident, see literature in decimally-divided sec-
tions. The best wishes of American library workers
go out to Mr. Kudalkar, to the Maharaja Gaikwad
who is supporting him, and to all other participants
in the movement to place books in the hands of the
toiling millions of India.
• • •
The poet's emotions in the face of impend-
ing death ought not to be unworthy of record
when that poet happens to be one of the greatest of
his time, if not of all time. In Mr. Edmund Gosse's
reminiscent article, "Swinburne at Etretat," in the
October "Cornhill," he relates the poet's bathing ad-
venture that nearly cost him his life, in the late sum-
mer of 1868. The timely appearance of a fishing
smack on the scene prevented the premature silen-
cing of the voice that was presently to entrance the
world (or some part of it) with the "Songs before
Sunrise." "I asked him," writes Mr. Gosse, "what
he thought about in that dreadful contingency, and
he replied that he had no experience of what peo-
ple often profess to witness, the concentrated pano-
rama of past life hurrying across the memory. He
did not reflect on the past at all. He was filled
with annoyance that he had not finished his 'Songs
before Sunrise,' and then with satisfaction that
so much of it was ready for the press, and that
Mazzini would be pleased with him. And then he
continued: 'I reflected with resignation that I was
exactly the same age as Shelley was when he
was drowned.' (This, however, was not the case;
Swinburne had reached that age in March, 1867;
but this was part of a curious delusion of Swin-
burne's that he was younger by two or three years
than his real age.) Then, when he began to be,
I suppose, a little benumbed by the water, his
thoughts fixed on the clothes he had left on the
beach, and he worried his clouded brain about some
unfinished verses in the pocket of his coat." So
here again we have an instance of the failure of an
actor in a real-life drama to rise to the dramatic
possibilities of his part. They do these things better
in fiction.
• • •
A sumptuous book catalogue, which collectors
will undoubtedly preserve for its own sake, quite
apart from the interest of the items which it records,
is that of '-two hundred extraordinarily important
books, manuscripts, and autograph letters" offered
for sale by Messrs. Pearson of London. It is a
beautifully-printed quarto, whose many illustrations,
facsimiles, and detailed descriptions, increase one's
desire to see and handle and own some of the liter-
ary curiosities enumerated. For mere costliness, the
first place in the collection is held by the copy of
the "Antiphonary " supposed to have been presented
by Francis I. to Henry VIII. on the Field of the
Cloth of Gold. It is a splendid manuscript with
beautiful miniatures attributed to Fra Benedetto,
and is encased in what "is believed to be the finest
Renaissance binding in the world," the work of
Roffet. It is yours for three thousand pounds ster-
ling. A more modest appeal is made by Lamb's
"John Woodvil: A Tragedy," first edition, original
boards, uncut, and offered at sixty-three pounds.
Especial curiosity is excited by the description of a
letter from Lady Hamilton to George IV. (then
Prince of Wales) after Trafalgar, with a lock of
Nelson's hair. Letter and hair await purchase
at six hundred pounds. The Burbage portrait of
Shakespeare, "in its original pure and untouched
state," is ready to be hung over your study table as
soon as you choose to send Mr. Pearson the six hun-
dred and fifty pounds named as the price. But if
you haven't that amount at hand just now, perhaps
a copy of La Fontaine's "Fables Choisies," first edi-
tion, quarto, with numerous vignettes by Chauveau,
bound in red morocco, and costing only seventy-five
pounds, would better agree with the state of your
bank account.
• • •
Stevenson's conception of realism is illus-
trated by a passage in an overlooked Vailima letter
recently discovered by Sir Sidney Colvin while he
was overhauling his desks and cabinets in prepara-
tion for a change of residence. This letter and
other Stevensoniana unearthed at the same time
form the subject of an article from the discoverer's
pen in the November "Scribner." After referring
to certain vexatious delays in the making of the
final draft of "David Balfour," Stevenson writes:
"At the same time, though I love my Davy, I am
a little anxious to get on again on The Young Che-
valier. I have in nearly all my works been trying
one racket: to get out the facts of life as clean and
naked and sharp as I could manage it. In this other
book I want to try and megilp them altogether in
an atmosphere of sentiment, and I wonder whether
twenty-five years of life spent in trying this one will
not make it impossible for me to succeed in the other.
However, it is the only way to attempt a love story.
You can't tell any of the facts, and the only chance
is to paint an atmosphere." And yet wbo would
ever think of going to Stevenson's romances (those
in which he had been "trying one racket") for the
facts of life, "clean and naked and sharp"?
A proposed library of peculiar character
forms the subject of a recent interesting newspaper
communication from Leipzig. Everyone familiar
with that centre of German book-publishing knows
about the Book-Industry Museum, with its Guten-
berg statue in front, and, inside, its collection of
examples of printing in different ages, and its illus-


374
[Nov. 16,
THE
DIAL
trations of all the various processes connected with
the making of books. But this museum, famous and
well worth visiting though it is, does not satisfy
the booksellers and the printers and publishers of
Leipzig, who apparently desire a more modernly-
equipped institution to signalize the triumphs of
present-day book-manufacture in Germany. There-
fore they have urged, with success, the founding of
a library that shall contain a copy of every printed
work of German make from the first day of January,
1913, onward. The city has granted land for the
new building, which will be a costly structure — but
exactly how it is to be paid for does not appear —
and the expense of maintenance will be defrayed
by the kingdom of Saxony and the city of Leipzig.
The public use of so exclusively modern a library
will be small at first, but with the lapse of time this
rawness of youth will give place to mellowness and
maturity; and one need not be a great prophet to pre-
dict a comparatively early congestion of its shelves,
so rapid is the present rate of book-publication in
Germany, as elsewhere. Even the Royal Library
at Berlin, with its fourteen hundred thousand vol-
umes, is likely to be outstripped, in this matter of
size of book-collection, before many years.
The economic value of loafing, especially to
- students, writers, and literary workers generally,
must be urged now and then, even at the risk of
encouraging laziness in those constitutionally ad-
dicted to unemployment. Stevenson has said a
good word on the fruitfulness of occasional idling,
and Mark Twain's biographer has described that
great writer's method of wooing the creative mood
by waiting, in masterly inactivity, for the "inspira-
tion tank" to fill up. The annual vacation season
is now past, but it is not an unseasonable thing to
lay plans for the summer that is coming. "Public
Libraries" publishes, and also reprints as a special
leaflet, Mr. Adam Strohm's Ottawa address on
"Efficiency of the Library Staff and Scientific
Management," in which, among other wise counsels,
the granting of a generous annual vacation (of at
least a month) to the library worker is eloquently
urged — "not so much because a faithful servant
has earned a rest, but because without it life means
living at a low level, with the certain result of
deadening one's faculties, ambition and alertness,
whereas these should all grow with one's experience
and work." Dr. Luther H. Gulick is quoted as
asserting that "growth is predominantly a function
of rest," and that "the best work that most of us
do is not in our office or at our desks, but when we
are wandering in the woods, or sitting quietly with
undirected thoughts."
A roseate view of Turkey arrests the attention
just now in the opening chapter of that deservedly
popular book (recently translated from the German
into the mother-tongue of its author), "The Founda-
tions of the Nineteenth Century," by Mr. Houston
Stewart Chamberlain. On page six of volume one
he says: "While these lines are being written [1897],
the civilised world is clamorously indignant with
Turkey; the European Powers are being compelled
by the voice of public opinion to intervene for the
protection of the Armenians and Cretans; the final
destruction of the Turkish power seems now only a
question of time. This is certainly justified; it was
bound to come; nevertheless it is a fact that Turkey
is the last little corner of Europe in which a whole
people lives in undisturbed prosperity and happiness.
It knows nothing of social questions, of the bitter
struggle for existence, and other such things; great
fortunes are unknown and pauperism is literally
non-existent; all form a single harmonious family,
and no one strives after wealth at the expense of his
neighbor. I am not simply repeating what I have
read in newspapers and books, I am testifying to
what I have seen with my own eyes." And it is
this peaceful Arcadia, this perfect Utopia, that now
resounds with the clash of arms and the roar of
artillery. . . .
High quotations on a young author's first
editions must send sensory waves of an agreeable
warmth through the cardiac regions of that author.
It is reported from London that certain early works
of Mr. Kipling (who will not be displeased, we hope,
if we consider him still young in years, as he un-
deniably is in spirit) were recently sold at Sotheby's
for $245 (in terms of American money) at the same
time that Mr. Thomas Hardy's works, in thirty-eight
volumes, first editions, brought $210; George Eliot's
complete works, also first editions, $270; the volumi-
nous G. P. R. James's, $127.50; and the rollicking
Charles Lever's romances, $305. Among high prices
for single books is to be noted the handsome figure
reached by the original edition of " Alice in Wonder-
land " with its forty-two Tenniel illustrations. This
little nursery classic brought $125, and its first ap-
pearance is still pleasurably remembered by those
not yet old. . . .
The growth of the Goethe Museum at
Weimar testifies to the rapidity with which the
great poet's works are selling in new editions and
new translations, and the steady increase of litera-
ture about him and his writings. The Goethe house
has long served as a repository for Goethe relics
and souvenirs of all sorts, including all the editions
of his works and all the books written about him and
his works. Consequently it is now found too small
for the purposes of a museum of this sort, and an
addition is to be built, modelled as closely as possi-
ble after the smaller buildings that were unwisely
demolished in 1890. They opened on the garden
where the poet was wont to take his daily constitu-
tional. Their replacement will illustrate anew the
surprising rapidity with which libraries and museums
almost invariably outgrow their quarters, however
generous the allowance of space may seem to have
been in the beginning.


1912.]
375
THE DIAL
COMMUNICA TIONS.
HACKNEYED PHRASES.
("To the Editor of The Dial.)
Subscribers to The Dial, if they read no other than
that worthy periodical, would scarcely be justified in
writing to you for help against the almost universal and
monotonously dreary repetition of hackneyed phrases.
The more reason that you should use your authority in
banishing such banal and senseless terms, if not from
the language, at least from the pages of magazines and
newspapers pretending to some degree of literary taste.
It is possibly going too far to say that whenever a writer
makes use of expressions like the following, he will have
nothing of intellectual value to give to his reader. He
may occasionally prove pleasantly disappointing, but
the chances are that his message will be as worn out
and dusty as the road of his mind from somewhere to
nowhere.
The detritus of language is also the veriest dust and
mud of thought, and the ruts and hummocks of both wear
more and worse with every tramp footfall. Experience
has demonstrated that argument and reproof are wasted
upon the reportorial mind and the editors of the Yellows,
but could not something be done with the men "higher
up"?
From a list of many old sins by a multitude of sinners
I now single out only a few illustrations:
"Gathered together." Could there be more foolish
and useless tautology? And yet it will be found re-
peated many times in the pages of every number of
most periodicals. Why not vary it with "collected
together "? And to make it more ridiculous why not
the threefold "gathered and collected together," or,
indeed, "gathered and collected together into a col-
lection "? May not the single word "gathered," or
"collected" be made to serve?
Worse, if possible, assuredly more certain to pop up,
is the trite old "as a matter of fact." Facts and truths
are always certain to mean little to the minds of those
who make use of such a pompous phrase, and such repe-
titions and attritions deceive only those who wear them
out in the vain attempt to simulate judgment. Let us
delete every word of the stodgy simulacrum, and go at
once to state what is the matter and the fact.
"Call attention " is another pretender. Better suited
to the mental condition of the "caller" would be "bawl."
A modest writer would of course say "ask," "invite,"
"request," etc.
"It is to be hoped." One trusts that there may be
an end made of this bit of stuckupishness, and of " met
with," both of which one meets in every second page of
the popular writer. "AH right all right" has got into the
theatre, and even illumines the murk of the " writerup."
"Next gentleman I" q_ (j.
Ithaca, New York, November 9, 1912.
A PROPOSED INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AND
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
Readers of The Dial will perhaps remember previ-
ous articles by the present writer suggesting the estab-
lishment of a Bibliographical Institute. The plan was
rather an academic one, and concerned chiefly, if not
exclusively, with the interests of men of learning. I
have gradually, through stages that do not here need to
be explained, come to understand that there is another
world than that of abstract learning, that needs attention
from bibliographers and librarians,— namely, the world
of affairs, of industry, of business. The needs of this
world are only in part identical with that of the other,
its needs are very largely in other directions. What the
business man and manufacturer wants is information
about facts, not about theories; and facts are not al ways
to be found in books. The following, therefore, is a
development of my previous plans, better adapted, as I
believe, to the needs of our everyday world.
An Institute is needed for the organization of the collec-
tion and imparting of exact and reliable information about
facts and ideas. It is important that a means of communica-
tion be established between those who seek and those who
have to impart special information about new facts and ideas.
In order to obtain exact and reliable information on any sub-
ject it is necessary to know where such information is to be
found, and what sources of information are most reliable.
The proposed Institute would first of all collect information
about available sources of information; it would prepare
a directory of directories, a catalogue of catalogues, a list of
addresses of workers and investigators, a guide to special
collections of written and printed material, of specimens and
models, as well as to the expert special knowledge not yet
public property. The Institute would offer its services to
organize bibliographical and index work, much of which is
now done by isolated agencies and individuals, resulting in
duplication and waste without making all the existing knowl-
edge available. It would also undertake research and index
work that does not come within the field of any other agency.
The Institute would, in a word, be a clearing house of ideas
and an organizer of research. Many problems of today, that
seem new to us, are really not new at all; we often find in old
books and magazines important information about matters
and methods that were once in vogue, but are now forgotten,
and which might aid in solving problems that have just come
to the surface. For instance, farming with dynamite, which
now is written up in this country as an entirely new thing, has
been practiced in Germany for several years. When a new
idea like that of scientific management is presented, or a
new discovery made, snch as the X-rays, the Institute would
collect information in regard to similar ideas of older date, or
other discoveries that have led up to the one that at the mo-
ment fills the public mind. In the present scarcity of meat
a new problem seems to confront the whole world; here it
might he the function of the Institute to search for informa-
tion about earlier or more recent problems of similar char-
acter, in order to find out how they were met, or how they
solved themselves. Every day someone wants to find out
where certain kinds of information may be found; for
instance: Where is the most complete collection of statisti-
cal material about the resources and business possibilities of
South America? Where has the problem of vocational edu-
cation which just now has been brought before us by Mr.
Cooley, been most satisfactorily solved? What is the Raif-
feisen system, and can it be adopted in this country? How
might the rural free delivery best be utilized as an agency
for the progress of the rural population? These and other
questions that press forward for solution cannot be answered
by an isolated institution, however munificently endowed;
the world's knowledge is not collected in one spot, it is scat-
tered all over the world and must be searched for all over the
world. The Institute would therefore establish close relations
with other institutions of similar nature in other countries,
and direct connections with the large libraries, museums,
schools, and learned societies and institutions of the world.
The proposed Institute would supplement the work of the
libraries and museums. The latter collect and preserve the
materials of research, catalogue them, and hold them avail-
able for investigators. The Institute would go one step
further, prepare the material for use, and even indicate its
probable value for the purpose of the inquirer. It would act
as an intermediary between the investigator and his material.
Aksel G. S. Josepiison.
The John Crerar Library. Chicago, Nov. 6, 1912.


376 THE
DIAL [Nov. 16,
Recollections of Louis Napoleon.*
"The late Baron d'Ambds," who figures as the
author of these " Intimate Memoirs of Napoleon
III.," seems to have been in close touch with
Louis Napoleon for the larger part of the latter's
life. It is not quite true, as he cries out in a
burst of grief at the unfortunate ruler's death,
that Louis was "the playmate of his childhood,"
since they met for the first time in Switzerland
in 1833; but the ardent enthusiasm of disciple-
ship which Louis possessed the strange power
of exciting seized this young man of twenty and
was never cast off entirely, though with the last
years he was only the devoted friend and ad-
mirer, no longer the blind and confident follower.
Baron d'Amb&s helped to organize the at-
tempted revolution from Strassburg in 1836.
He was on hand when Louis made an effort to
enter France by way of Boulogne, in 1840. He
followed his friend on his campaign in Italy,
always unofficially, and thought of joining the
expedition to China, in 1860, but was restrained
by meeting one day, at the turning of a street,
"an extraordinary being, yellow, hideous, with
a bony face and wicked little eyes." He said
to himself: "No, I won't cross the sea to go
where such folks live." It is to be feared that
his friendship was not worth as much to the
Emperor as he himself imagined. While other
supporters of the Pretender suffered imprison-
ment and persecution, he himself seems never
to have been in the slightest danger or even to
have attracted a great deal of attention. He
proudly notes the phrase "Paladin of discre-
tion " which his master applied to him, but there
is no evidence that this discretion was ever put
to any particularly severe test. To d Ambes,
distrust of the coup d'etat was indisputable
evidence of alliance with "forces of revolt and
anarchy"; Victor Emmanuel and Cavour were
not patriots, but only "Foxy and Company,"
scheming to make trouble for France; the Jews
were "stinking vermin everyone would extermi-
nate if possible"; Vichy, like China, was a tire-
some place where "I shan't come again . . .
deeply attached to the Prince as I am"; and
Moray was the object of apparently unmixed
envy because he "gave himself up madly to
love, gambling and drinking." Amiable and
•Intimate Memoirs of Napoleon III. Personal
Reminiscences of the Man and the Emperor. By the late
Baron d'Ambes. Edited and translated by A. K. Allinson,
M.A. In two volumes. With illustrations from the collec-
tion of A. M. Broadley. Boston: Little, Brown, it Co.
witty and often exceedingly shrewd d'Ambes
undoubtedly was, but scarcely a " Paladin of dis-
cretion." On one occasion when he reproached
Louis for not having confided in him, the Em-
peror replied, " But, my friend, I remembered
that you were writing your memoirs."
The first chapter is a labored attempt to prove
that Napoleon I. was the father of Napoleon III.
The subject is not of a sort that Anglo-Saxons
choose to discuss freely; but a review of the evi-
dence shows rather conclusively that Napoleon
III. was not the son of Louis Bonaparte, though
it fails utterly to prove that he was the son of
the first Napoleon. This discussion is redeemed
from idle scandal-mongering by the concluding
sentence: "Be this as it may, Napoleon III. is
certainly, above all morally, of the race of the
great Corsican whose life-work he has striven to
emulate, both in his acts and in his aspirations."
With all his faults and failures, Louis exercised
an influence and accomplished a result that set
him immediately below his marvellous uncle,
and leagues away from the other irresponsible
weaklings who bore the name of Napoleon.
If it be true that youthful inclinations indi-
cate a divine purpose, Louis was providentially
intended for a ruler. He himself says that he
felt his destiny from the age of seven. He had
a hand in political affairs in every country his
mother's wanderings dragged him into. In Italy,
though he denied it himself later, he must have
been a Carbonaro. At least his elder brother
was, and d'Ambes asserts that the latter's sud-
den death was due not to the measles, but to
the stiletto of a comrade when pressure from his
family made him incline to defection. It was
this early Italian complication which helped
determine the Emperor's half-hearted interfer-
ence with Austria and Naples,—an interference
which made him only enemies, and which played
its part in his final downfall.
"My uncle,'' Louis said to Thierry in 1838,
"was Caesar. I will be Augustus." And when
sentenced to perpetual confinement at Ham, he
remarked quietly that the word "perpetual"
was not in the French language. Entering
Paris eight years later, after the outbreak of
February, 1848, he passed a barricade,the stones
of which some passers-by were restoring to their
proper positions in the pavement. "Come, young
man," said a woman to the new arrival, "help
us put back the paving-stones in place." "My
good woman," Louis replied, "that is precisely
what I have come to Paris for." His lieutenant
is quite as confident. At their first interview in
Switzerland, the Prince chanced to remark, as


1912.]
377
THE DIAL
they strolled past a bank of hortensias, " I love
the flowers beyond measure. They have about
them something royal." "Imperial," d'Ambes
put in softly.
Louis's belief in his own destiny, however,
did not prevent his frequent use of clever tricks.
It is difficult to generalize with regard to this
puzzling and contradictory character, but it may
safely be said that at least during the early part
of his career he was a consummately skilful
demagogue. His "police de poche,"—the little
notebook full of data with regard to the local
dignitaries he was to meet on his popular tours,
to be used in charming them by showing them
how famous they were and by his sympathetic
interest in their personal affairs,—won him thou-
sands of votes. But there is no question that
Louis had a good heart and a brain fertile in
expedients for making the lot of the common
people easier. Mr. F. A. Simpson's luminous
work on "The Rise of Louis Napoleon" gave
us the completest study in English of his early
labors in this direction, and the Baron d'Ambes
touches lovingly on various evidences of a
thought for the comfort of the many which
could not always have been selfishly prompted.
Defeated, broken, and dying at Chislehurst, he
yet busied himself with plans for utilizing the
heat from the lower floors of the great European
tenement houses — the floors occupied by the
wealthy — to warm the rooms above where the
poorer families lived.
The Empress does not appear to great advan-
tage in these pages. D'Ambes stamps as calum-
nies the attacks upon her character which were
made before her marriage, but he is sure that
notwithstanding her charms and her family's
enterprise she would never have been Empress
if Napoleon had not been refused beforehand
by half the royal princesses of Europe; and
he ascribes the larger part of the blame for the
successive acts of interference in foreign affairs,
which pushed Napoleon and the Empire further
and further toward the edge of the precipice,
to her bigoted Catholicism and her meddling
vanity. "L'Empire, c'est la paix," it is true,
but how much of a safeguard is that, when
"LTmperatrice, c'est la guerre "?
The last fifty pages of the book, those deal-
ing with the Prussian War and the fall of the
Empire, are of thrilling and poignant interest.
D'Ambes saw the end long before it came, and
he had taken Bismarck's measure the moment
that man of blood and iron appeared above the
horizon. "It is often a great help to matters
for a statesman " (this was written in January,
1870) "to possess qualities the most widely at
variance with the temperament of the nation
that he governs." Was not that the secret of
Bismarck's power and success? Was he not the
most violent and independent of men, working
with the most quiet and docile of national ma^
terial? Bismarck could never have done his
work with Frenchmen, or even with English-
men; Prussia would have been long in taking
the first rank among nations without Bismarck.
Such flashes of insight as this redeem many
pages of purposeless detail or frivolity.
Napoleon is not even distantly related to many
sections of the diary. "There is a man Zola who
has taken up Manet's defense." "Everybody is
reading and talking over Victor Hugo's Z,es
Miserables. It is a gigantic success." "Scribe
is not dead. He lives again in M. Victorien
Sardou. . . . This Sardou is only thirty, and
bids fair to command success." Such are some
of the entries. Extending from 1838 to 1873,
the notes touch the fascinating social and intel-
lectual life of Paris at a thousand different
points. The Baron was still alive to write an
introduction to the present work in July, 1893.
It is a pity that he did not continue his memoirs
up to that time. Roy Temple House.
The Humble-Bee as a Hobby-House.*
"We gave up Euclid and the Rule of Three
And nature-studied the Bumble-Bee."—Punch.
The Bee has been discussed by innumerable
writers for the last two thousand years and
more; it is the subject of every kind of disser-
tation, even of numerous jokes. One of these
latter, which has been a favorite with the news-
papers, relates how a young person of the city,
visiting in the country, observed honey upon
the breakfast table. "I see you keep a bee,"
was the innocent remark. People who smile at
this seem no less funny to the entomologist when
they let the fact escape that they imagine there
is only one kind of bee. The bee, so-called, is in
fact only one of many thousand species, and the
most learned work on honey-bees no more than
introduces us to the study of bees in general.
It may even be objected that such a work be-
gins at the wrong end of the subject, and that
to really understand the socialism of the higher
bees we must trace its evolution from the indi-
vidualism of the primitive kinds.
•The Humble-Bee. Its Life-history and How to
Domesticate It. By F. W. L. Sladen. Illustrated. New
York: The Macmillan Co.


378
[Nov. 16,
THE
DIAL,
Mr. Sladen's work, now before us, does not
do this, but it does give us an excellent picture
of the life and habits of the humble-bee, which
in some respects stands just below the hive-bee
in social rank. Mr. Sladen is a well-known
expert on honey-bees, and it is from this interest
that he has been led to consider bees in general,
and to attempt the domestication and careful
study of humble-bees. He has been abundantly
repaid for his trouble, and has succeeded in
describing his observations so well that many
readers will share his pleasure, while some will
doubtless attempt similar work of their own.
The book is full of remarkable new observa-
tions, and is a "nature book" of the best type.
The illustrations are original and very good,
both drawings and colored plates. It is a dis-
advantage that the bees described are British
species, all different from those found in this
country; but even this is not altogether to be
regretted. The general discussion will no doubt
apply almost equally well on both sides of the
world, while the treatment of the European
kinds may serve as a model for similar work
in this country, leaving the student to make his
own original observations, following a carefully
worked-out plan.
If any fault is found with Mr. Sladen, it
will probably be on the ground that he permits
himself a certain Maeterlinckian freedom of
expression which will not please the modern
school of experts on animal behavior. Thus he
tells us how Psithyrus, the usurper-bee, invades
the nest of the humble-bee, slays the proper
queen, and establishing herself as the ruler of
the house, has her offspring brought up by the
humble-bee workers. All this is accurately
described, with many new details; but we are
assured that when the Psithyrus settled in the
humble-bee nest, the poor humble-bee queen
"was visibly depressed and ill at ease." "As
time went on she grew nervous and languid,
and showed increasing fear and suspicion of the
unwelcome guest." Finally, on the tenth day
after the first appearance of the Psithyrus, the
humble-bee queen and three workers were found
lying dead outside the nest. "Evidently the
three workers had sacrificed their lives in a futile
attempt to destroy their mother's murderess."
Personally, I do not object to this sort of thing,
as long as the writer is careful to describe ap-
pearances, and we are careful to remember that
every word must not be taken literally. As a
matter of fact, literature is necessarily full of
expressions which, while inaccurate perhaps if
judged by the actual meaning of the words,
nevertheless convey a vivid idea of what really
took place. It would not help us much, from
any point of view, to state instead that the pres-
ence of the Psithyrus inhibited the normal activ-
ities of the humble-bee, and led to the exhibition
of imperfectly coordinated motor reactions.
Wherever there are boys (young boys or old
boys) who like to get the most out of nature in
the long summer days, Mr. Sladen's book ought
to be available. It should be put in libraries
as a sort of bait for budding naturalists. Not all
will bite, of course, but if one or two in a town
come to admire and watch humble-bees instead
of persecuting them, the thing is worth while.
And who knows what ability, even genius, may
somewhere be stimulated in just this way?
T. D. A. COCKERELL.
A New Study of American Traits.*
When one has examined a number of books
on America written by foreigners — by every
manner of visitor from England and France and
Germany and Italy,—and when one has turned
in despair to the interpretations by our own
journalists, politicians, and college professors,
one is inclined to the conclusion that the Land
of Opportunity has not yet been discovered.
Putting our faith in minute inspection, we peer
through spy-glass or microscope, but to no avail:
our vision, bright for a moment, is soon blurred.
Or we speed through the country on twentieth-
century railway trains, in the hope that the
moving picture will record the salient features
of our continental nation and finally yield a
faithful composite reproduction. Or we inquire
whether art, that interprete lingua, has not re-
vealed the great pulsing heart of America with
such coy subtlety that she has eluded all our
predecessors in the quest. But to no purpose do
we open our eyes, or shut them, or gaze through
them half-closed; we are wellnigh as far from
clear knowledge as were those first bold immi-
grants, Captain John Smith and William Brad-
ford.
America, then, is yet to be discovered; and it
would be too much to say that Professor Perry,
the latest adventurer, has succeeded in landing
on the coveted shores. Yet he is closer than all,
or nearly all, who have tried before: one derives
from his little book a sense of intimacy with
American life and of truth of interpretation
nowhere else to be had,— no other writer has
•The American Mind. By Bliss Perry. Boston:
Houghton Mifflin Co.


1912.] THE
DIAL 379
manifested in so great degree mellow experience
and broad knowledge lightly held. The chapters
(originally lectures) are graceful, thoughtful,
concrete; incident, example, and apt quotation
are always at hand; humor, an urbane affection-
ate humor, enables the writer to delight while
instructing — as the sober pseudo-classicists
would have put it. Fluid yet sure in thought,
and constantly engaging in style, the book
tempts one to read with uncritical haste; at the
risk, as Emerson said of Milton's prose, that we
shall become "fatigued with admiration."
Whoever would read hastily, or think hastily,
should ponder long over the first of these lectures,
on "Race, Nation, and Book," in which Profes-
sor Perry clears the ground with the thorough-
ness, and without the excessive assurance, of the
American pioneer. In particular, our dogmatic
foreign critics—friends or enemies, they are
nearly all dogmatic — would do well to read this
chapter at intervals while they travel in the
United States or think us over as they lie in their
deck chairs homeward bound. The dangers one
encounters in generalizing about a race or a
nation have often been pointed out since the
pleasant days of determinism, but no one has
indicated so clearly the unique insecurity in
generalization concerning the American people.
The second chapter, "The American Mind," is
a discussion, rather briefer than one would like,
of American traits,—our alertness, excitability,
versatility, curiosity, over-confidence, energy,
idealism, radicalism in our brains and conser-
vatism in our blood, our individualism and our
public spirit. The most valuable part of the book
follows. "Humor and Satire" maintains more
persuasively than has ever been maintained be-
fore the idea that American humor is hardly a
thing sui generis, but rather the application of
the common fund of humor to American condi-
tions of life. The remaining three chapters, per-
haps the most notable in the book, are devoted
to " American Idealism," "Romance and Reac-
tion," and "Individualism and Fellowship,"
phases of American spiritual qualities.
Spiritual qualities have often been denied us,
on the assumption that the dollar and the sky-
scraper are the only symbols of America that
must be reckoned with. Carlyle was loath to
lecture in this country because he thought of it
as "mainly a new Commercial England, with a
fuller pantry." What more is to be expected
of a huge democracy,—a " government of the
worst," as it was sometimes called in Federal-
ist days? The dispassionate critical sense of
Matthew Arnold brought him to the conclusion
that a great democracy is almost sure to be lack-
ing in elevation. Emerson, looking for heroes,
for surpassing fruit where the soil is so rich,
found us running " to leaves, to suckers, to ten-
drils, to miscellany." It is still feared that
democracy is a cult of incompetence, that an
equalitarian social organization involves medi-
ocrity; and it is conventional, in an increasing
degree, to deplore our instinct for money-getting
and our unthinking lust for "quick returns."
Yet this expanding, restless, mysterious nation
has really been, as Professor Perry remarks,
"the home of idealism," from the beginning
onward. From the day when elect Puritans
enjoyed "the Rapturous prselibations of the
Heavenly World" to our own day of trust in
the unlimited possibilities of democracy, spirit-
ual America has been as vivacious as material
America. Among the writers of books alone,
the Mathers in the seventeenth century, Ed-
wards in the eighteenth, and Emerson in the
nineteenth are nobly representative of our inner
Ufe. How pervasive idealism has been in this
country no one has pointed out so fully and buoy-
antly as Professor Perry in these three chapters.
His view i3 hopeful — our defects impress him
but slightly — and yet is so clear-sighted that
only the cynic will fail to share his hope. "In-
dividualism and Fellowship," the closing chap-
ter, is the most interesting in the book, opening
up as it does an endless vista for our dreams
and speculations. Fellowship may mean nothing
better than a "Samaritan Soup and Blanket
Society"; it is often narrow, fanatical, or silly;
but it must not be forgotten that individualism
also had absurd excesses, that it was not only
an age of mighty heroes but also "... the age
of oddities let loose." The centrifugal always
fascinates. If, then, the new era of cooper-
ation is tending, as one must think, to senti-
mentalism and mechanical organization rather
than genuine fellowship, we have good reason
to believe that we shall see another and more
estimable tendency as the years go on. Perfect
balance is one of the rarest of human qualities;
but it is not for us to deny that the future will
witness that interplay of fellowship and individ-
ualism that is now our largest hope.
Norman Foerster.
Mr. Robert Bridges's poems will be published im-
mediately in the "Oxford Poets " series. The volume
contains not only the poems printed in Volumes I. and
II. of the author's collected works, but others as well
some now first collected or now first printed. The photo-
gravure frontispiece is a portrait of the poet specially
drawn for the book.


380 THE DIAL [Nov. 16,
Mathematico-Procrustean Art.*
It is unquestionably the fact that symmetry
and regularity are attributes frequently found
associated with the beautiful in nature and in
art. Whether such association, however, is uni-
versal and invariable is open to question. Still
more debatable is the contention that such rela-
tionship is of a sort which may properly be
termed causal. Are objects beautiful primarily
because they are symmetrical and regular in their
tectonic? If the reviewer correctly understands
the essential argument of the somewhat obscure
book called "Nature's Harmonic Unity: A
Treatise on its Relation to Proportional Form,"
by Mr. Samuel Colman, that author intends to
maintain as his primary thesis that the beautiful
is necessarily geometric, and as a corollary that
the geometric must perforce be beautiful. Now
these contentions may be true, but the reviewer
has very grave doubts about the matter. The
fundamental difficulty in the case lies in what
would certainly seem to be the fact, that if these
ideas were true it ought to be possible for a rea-
sonably ingenious person to invent a machine
which, upon being supplied with an appropriate
source of power, would proceed to turn out paint-
ings with the appeal of the Sistine Madonna or
the Night Watch, sculpture which would move
mankind as does the Venus de Milo or the
Winged Victory, music of the order of the Ride
of the Valkyries, or poetry like Shelley's " To
a Skylark." But somehow everyone knows, in-
stinctively and surely, that this is a sheer im-
possibility. Harmony and symmetry all these
things certainly have. But just as certainly
their harmony and symmetry is not something
created primarily by the application of compass
and ruler, and no amount of well-printed and
illustrated mathematical argumentation is ever
going to convince anybody that it is. Any dil-
igent fool can manipulate a ruler and compass
to produce geometrical symmetries and harmo-
nies; but if he supposes that by this activity
solely he is going to create something which will
make an enduring appeal to the ;esthetic in-
stincts of his fellow men, he has only to try it in
a practical way in order to be undeceived.
The method of Mr. Colman's book is to show
by the most extraordinarily complicated dia-
grams that a great many different objects found
in nature or created by man display a more or
less definite and harmonious proportionality of
parts, and may be enclosed, by the exercise
•Nature's Harmonic Unity. A Treatise on its Relation
to Proportional Form. By Samuel Colman, N.A. Edited by
C. Arthur Coan, LL.B. New York: Q. P. Putnam's Sons.
of some force, within triangles or pentagons or
concentric circles or some other geometric figure.
The examples chosen to illustrate this really
profound but not altogether novel discovery are
numerous and diverse. In their diversity lurks
the element of deliciously unintentional humor
which classifies this book with the lucubrations
of other geometrical philosophers who have pre-
ceded our author. Thus we are shown (p. 112)
that a peanut and the Parthenon are planned on
the same "ideal angle." In the Hermes of
Praxiteles and the mollusc Haliotis " the pen-
tagon is strongly in evidence." And so on in-
definitely: snow crystals and saint's chapels,
peacocks and palaces, milkweeds and mosques,
pine cones and porticos,— all these things and
many more are geometrically Procrustified in
the course of the argument. One is moved to
wonder whether it might not be wise to prescribe
the thorough study of the adventures of Alice
as a fundamental part of all elementary mathe-
matical training. It would certainly have the
good effect, as Septimus said, of tending to
"keep one human."
The artist, and particularly the architect, will
certainly find this book interesting. There is
a possibility that somebody may find it useful.
Raymond Pearl.
The Child and Social Reform.*
Despondency, verging upon despair, is a note
that is often heard in the utterances of many of our
most earnest and most intelligent students of social
problems. Material prosperity we have; material
* The Conservation of the Child. By Arthur Holmes.
Illustrated. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
The Delinquent Child and the Home. By Sophonisba
P. Breckinridge and Edith Abbott . With an Introduction
by Julia C. Lathrop. New York: Charities Publication
Committee.
Prooress and Uniformity in Child-Labor Legisla-
tion. A Study in Statistical Measurement. By William F.
Ogburn. "Columbia University Studies." New York:
Longmans, Green & Co.
Child Labor in City Streets. By Edward N. Clopper,
Ph.D. New York: The Macmillan Co.
Citizens Made and Kemade. An Interpretation of the
Significance and Influence of George Junior Republics. By
William R. George and Lyman Beecher Stowe. Illustrated.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
Youth and the Race. A Study in the Psychology of
Adolescence. By Edgar James Swift. New York: Charles
Seribner's Sons.
The Coming Generation. By William Byron Forbush.
New York: D. Appleton & Co.
The Child in the City. A Series of Papers Presented
at the Conferences Held during the Chicago Child Welfare
Exhibit. Edited by Sophonisba P. Breckinridge. Illustrated.
Chicago: School of Civics and Philanthropy.
Helping School Children. By Elsa Denison. Illus-
trated. New York: Harper & Brothers.


1912.]
381
THE
DIAL
progress may, as far as we can see, continue into
the indefinite future. But the ideal values that
prosperity should embody, the values that should
give real meaning to progress, appear to be wav-
ering. Religion, personal and political integrity,
family obligation, love of truth and beauty, self-
control and honesty of endeavor — those ideals and
abstractions which are the only contributions of
the past to present welfare that are of unimpeach-
able worth—are apparently undergoing important
structural changes. Whether these changes repre-
sent, on the whole, an advance, or whether they are
signs of a degeneration which forebodes the ultimate
downfall of western civilization, must be left to the
constitutional optimists and pessimists to debate.
Optimists and pessimists, however, must agree that
our society suffers from maladies that if neglected
will result in serious consequences.
We are acquainted with the social reformers who
hold that nothing short of a thoroughgoing trans-
formation of our political and economic structure can
bring relief. Other reformers, not less zealous, urge
that even this could do little good. Men are poor,
as a rule; but, as a rule, men are inefficient, self-
indulgent, envious. As long as men are what they
are, the most profound changes in social structure
will leave the sources of misery uncontrolled. An
improved human nature is evidently what we need.
To improve the nature of the adult, however, seems
a task beyond the power of the social reformer.
Hence his attention turns to the child, and we have
a flood of books designed to force upon the citizen a
realization of the necessity of the conservation of
the child.
First in the order of urgency is the problem of
the defective child. Among our public school chil-
dren are tens of thousands who suffer from congeni-
tal defect of understanding. They block the progress
of the classes, yet profit nothing themselves. There
are hundreds of thousands suffering from impaired
hearing or eyesight, from under-nutrition or other
remediable condition which, as matters stand, assimi-
late them, for all practical purposes, with the con-
genitally defective. It is the plain duty of society
to segregate from the body of normal children all
those that are abnormal, to provide adequate treat-
ment for those suffering from remediable defects,
and to devise means for the training of those who
are congenitally inferior. Adequate medical inspec-
tion in the schools will perform the cruder work of
segregation. To draw a distinction between the
children whose'mental deficiency is due to causes
that are removable and those who suffer from incur-
able mental taint is a difficult matter. The distinc-
tion must, however, be drawn; for it is obviously
the duty of society to segregate, as far as possible,
tainted stock, to prevent the transmission of the
defect to the next generation. For this work of
segregation we have need of the services of the psy-
chologist, who can also give invaluable suggestions
as to the training of those whose development has
merely been retarded. Even the children who are
incurably defective in mind may often be trained
for useful and reasonably happy lives, provided the
teacher can command the best methods that the psy-
chological expert can devise. Students of education
have long known of the wonderful work of this char-
acter carried on at the University of Pennsylvania
under Professor Lightner Witmer. We have now
in Mr. Arthur Holmes's "The Conservation of the
Child " an account of the work of the University of
Pennsylvania psychological clinic. The book is a
practical guide, specially adapted to the use of in-
vestigators and teachers who wish to undertake a
similar work. For such it is extremely rich in
suggestions as to methods. The book contains also
much that will interest the general reader who has
awakened to the significance of the current eugenic
movement.
Important as are the problems of checking the
transmission to future generations of hereditary men-
tal taint, and of removing physical defects which tend
to retard mental development, there is a problem of
even greater immediate importance: the protection
of the child against the degrading influences of en-
vironment. Much of our j uvenile delinquency, much
of the criminality of adult life, is traceable, not to
physiological or psychological causes, but to the forces
for evil that bear upon the neglected child in the city.
What obstacles the children of the slums must over-
come if they are to reach a plane of normal living we
are beginning to understand. Miss Breckinridge
and Miss Abbott give us, in "The Delinquent Child
and the Home," a clearer insight into the condi-
tions of the homes that produce delinquents. The
book presents, to be sure, much evidence of delin-
quency due to tainted heredity; but the main root
of juvenile delinquency appears to be unfavorable
environment, due to parental vice or ignorance, to
poverty, or to the lack of adjustment to American
urban conditions of a population of foreign or rural
origin. The book is a general study of juvenile
delinquency in Chicago, and is the most thorough
and systematic study of its kind extant. It not only
exhibits the causes of juvenile delinquency, but
offers also abundant suggestions for practical re-
form. Not the least important part of the book
are the appendices, containing a very competent
discussion of the legal problems involved in the
juvenile court, an abstract of juvenile court laws,
and "family paragraphs" relating to one hundred
boys and fifty girls brought before the juvenile court
for delinquencies.
More potent than the disorder and neglect of the
home, in producing delinquency and in arresting
the physical, mental, and moral development of our
children, is their economic exploitation. Child labor
in the factories has for almost a century received the
condemnation of all men of intelligence and public
spirit. The evil is still with us. As all American
students know, progress in the direction of the aboli-
tion of child labor is rendered difficult by the fact
that the subject, in this country, is a matter of state
legislation; and each state fears to advance too far


382
[Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
beyond its neighbors. We are, however, advancing;
and little by little the more backward states imitate,
in legislation, the measures of those bold enough to
prefer the permanent welfare of their children to
the transient prosperity of their industries. The
present state of legislation in this field, throughout
the United States, is set forth by Mr. W. F. Ogburn
in his "Progress and Uniformity in Child Labor
Legislation." Its somewhat forbidding style should
not bar this work from the shelves of the student of
the labor problem. It is a systematic study of com-
parative child labor legislation. The age limit of
each state, the exceptions to the rules of state law,
the machinery of inspection, the penalties upon
infractions of the law, are here placed before the
reader in easily comprehended tables. The author
hopes his study will be useful to legislators. It cer-
tainly will be, if, as many believe, we are about to
enter upon an era of expert legislation.
While factory exploitation of child labor has been
the subject of reforming agitation for three genera-
tions, the exploitation of children in the manifold
services of the city street has scarcely been noticed.
We know comparatively little about the extent of
employment of small children as newsboys, street
vendors, bootblacks, etc. The effects of such em-
ployment upon character receive little thought from
the general public who are served by these children.
Mr. Edward W. Clopper, in "Child Labor in the
City Streets," shows that the number of children
thus employed is enormous. He also emphasizes the
fact, pointed out by other social investigators, that
such employment is attended by grave dangers to
society. The children of the streets furnish an ex-
traordinarily large contingent to our army of juve-
nile delinquents.
For the child who has gone wrong, through the
fault of his guardians, or in consequence of the ad-
verse social and economic influences to which he is
exposed, there formerly appeared to be little hope.
Fortunately we have learned that the reform of the
juvenile delinquent is far from a hopeless task. The
bad boy of our city slums can be transformed into
a useful and virtuous citizen, provided he receives
the proper kind of treatment. The whole world has
heard of the achievements of Mr. William R. George
and his Junior Republic. It cannot hear too much
about this great work, and will welcome " Citizens
Made and Remade," written by Mr. Lyman Beecher
Stowe, upon data furnished by Mr. George.
The experience of Mr. George has given many
of the suggestions for Professor Edgar J. Swift's
"Youth and the Race." Professor Swift, however,
is concerned primarily with the education of the nor-
mal youth. He is a follower of the school of peda-
gogy which sees in the life of the average person an
abbreviated repetition of the life history of the race.
Boyish nature, in this light, loses its inexplicable
and irresponsible quality. Boyish sins are thrown
back upon that modern representative of the prin-
ciple of vicarious atonement, primitive man. We
should recognize the atavistic character of the im-
pulses of the child and utilize them in the great work
of education.
Like Professor Swift, Dr. William B. Forbush,
in "The Coming Generation," is concerned pri-
marily with the problems of the upbringing of the
normal child. If Professor Swift's interpretation
of youth is essentially anthropological, that of Dr.
Forbush is essentially human. Dr. Forbush loves
children — boys especially. It is doubtful that he
has even studied them scientifically. Possibly for
this very reason, his knowledge of their nature is
profound. His book should prove helpful both to
parent and to teacher; it is worth anyone's while
to read it. It is difficult for the social reformer to
enter the kingdom of pure literature; and probably
Dr. Forbush's work, in spite of its fine personal qual-
ity, must be consigned to the realm of pedagogy.
The problem of the proper care and training of
our children is manifestly one of great complexity.
The American public school system is, on the whole,
an efficient one; the American public school teachers
are as a class devoted and intelligent. The schools
are not, however, performing all the work we have
a right to require from them. Moreover, the ser-
vices of the teachers must be supplemented by the
organized activities of many other social agencies.
From papers presented at the conferences held dur-
ing the Chicago Child Welfare Exhibit in May, 1911,
now published under the title, "The Child in the
City," both the teacher and the interested layman
can gain much information as to the possibilities of
child welfare work. The book contains an enormous
mass of information concerning actual achievements
in this field in the various cities of the country. As
would naturally be expected, the material composing
the volume is very uneven in quality. A number
of the papers, however, are of such excellence as to
make the volume an important contribution to the
literature of social reform.
There has probably never been a time when a
larger proportion of the citizens of a state were
willing to engage in the work of social amelioration
than at present. Much of the social work undertaken
by laymen, however, is lamentably ineffective. Who
has not known of associations of public-spirited men
or women, meeting regularly through months or even
years, conducting an interminable correspondence,
with a view to the accomplishment of some worthy
but wholly trivial task? The waste of philanthropic
energies in our society must be incredibly great. If
these energies could be controlled, and directed to
the use of our children, many of our problems would
solve themselves. Miss Elsa Denison's book on
"Helping School Children" is essentially a manual
designed to impart the technique of organizing the
scattered philanthropic forces of society and of ap-
plying them to the service of the child. The book is a
marvel in its multiplicity of practical suggestions. No
one to whom it is accessible will need to confess his
inability to find important social service work to do.
The pessimist will urge that it is easy to suggest
work for children that needs to be done,—the funda-


1912.] THE DIAL.
383
mental difficulty which we encounter is in finding
men and women who are capable of doing the
work. The truth would appear to be that we have,
in our society, a host of men and women qualified
by intelligence and sympathy to assist in the con-
servation of the child. If they are inactive, it is
because the general public does not recognize the
worth of the work. Values are social. If the gen-
eral public regards a certain function with indiffer-
ence, the individual, however pure his motives and
devoted his character, must lose the faith upon
which effective action depends. The books under
review, and others of their kind, are helping to
create general interest in the problems of child
welfare, and so are establishing the new values upon
which, in the last analysis, the solution of these
problems must depend. Alvin S. Johnson.
Recent Fiction.*
The theme of the marital relation is one that the
novelists find perennially interesting, and the com-
plications that result from ill-assorted unions afford
them endless opportunities for discussion. Writers
of the older school were usually content with the
development of a situation in which either husband
or wife was obviously at fault. The wife was un-
faithful or the husband was a brute, and he who ran
might read the moral. There was always in the
background, if not in the foreground, a contrasting
ideal of marital felicity, which example was held up
for the reproof of the offending hero or heroine. But
our later novelists will have nothing so obvious, and
it is their peculiar delight to devise a situation in
which neither party does anything particularly wrong,
and yet both are profoundly unhappy. Mr. H. 6.
Wells is one of the most ingenious of these exposi-
tors, and his latest novel, entitled "Marriage" tout
court, seems to us an elaborate illustration of much
ado about nothing. His Marjorie is an extremely
attractive young woman with a college education and
a rather distressing family. She becomes engaged
to a writer .who is said to be a professional humorist,
which fact we must take on faith, since none of his
many recorded words for a moment suggests such a
thing. He is described more accurately as covering
every subject which interested him "with a large
•Marriage. By H. G. Wells. New York: Daffield&Co.
Eve. An Incident of Paradise Regained. By Maarten
Maartens. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
Priscilla'b Spies. By "G. A. Birmingham." New
York: The George H. Doran Co.
The Lost World. By Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. New
York: The George H. Doran Co.
The Fortunes of the Landrats. By Vaughan Kester.
Indianapolia: The Bobbs-Merrill Co.
A Man's World. By Albert Edwards. New York:
The Maomillan Co.
MtLovkandI. By "Martin Redfield." New York: The
Maemillan Co.
The Secret of Frontkllac. By Frank K. Scribner.
Boston: Small, Maynard & Co.
enveloping shallowness." From the fate of such a
union Marjorie is saved by a young student of mo-
lecular physics who drops one day upon her lawn in
a wrecked airship. Trafford knows his own mind
and is plain-spoken; the wooing is speedily followed
by the wedding, and the skies seem unclouded. Un-
fortunately, Marjorie soon involves the household in
unanticipated expenses, for spending is her delight,
and Trafford gives her carte blanche, although he
knows that she has no idea of the value of money.
The "society" bee also gets into her bonnet, and,
to meet the increased demands upon him, Trafford
gives up his scientific research and takes to money-
making unabashed. Synthetic rubber brings him a
large fortune, and, according to all rational theories,
the couple are provided with everything that makes
for happiness. But instead of realizing his blessings,
Trafford becomes filled with a profound disgust with
his whole scheme of life, and persuades Marjorie to
join with him in a mad scheme of breaking away
from all its artificial entanglements. The outcome
is that they close their home, place their children in
the care of relatives, and set out for—of all places
in the world — Labrador. There they strike into
the wilderness, establish a solitary winter camp, and
talk things over interminably. At this point the book
ceases to be a novel at all, and becomes a philo-
sophical discussion of the deeper meaning of life. It
is all immensely clever in its introspective analysis,
and the interest does not flag although the action is
arrested. Trafford breaks his leg and becomes delir-
ious, revealing himself to Marjorie in his ravings, to
which she listens patiently for weeks. For example ■
"I onght never to have married her — never, never I I
had my task. I gave myself to her. Oh! the high immen-
sities, the great and terrible things open to the mind of man!
And we breed children and live in Uttered houses and play
with our food and chatter, chatter, chatter. Oh, the chatter
of my life! The folly! The women with their clothes. I can
hear them rustle now, whiff the scent of itt The scandals —
as though the things they did with themselves and each other
mattered a rap; the little sham impromptu clever things, the
trying to keep young — and underneath it all that continual
cheating, cheating, cheating, damning struggle for money 1"
Presently he recovers consciousness, but talks on in
the same strain for endless pages, discussing the prob-
lems of the rational individual life and the rational
organization of society. In his earlier books, Mr.
Wells has suggested various nostrums for the relief
of the world's imagined discontent, but he seems non
to have lost faith in them, and to see no clear pati.
through the tangle. What he does not see is that
the tangle is largely of his own creation, and that
reason is slowly but surely working out its triumph
over unreason in the ordering of human affairs. As
for Trafford and Marjorie he leaves them on their
way back to civilization, with a vivid experience to
remember, but with nothing definitely solved, bear-
ing with them their unhappy temperaments, which
do not promise for them any greater peace of mind
in the future than in the past
"Maarten Maartens" confesses that he owes the
inspiration of "Eve" to "Effie Briest," Theodor


384
[Nov. 16,
THE
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Fontane's famous novel. It is an intimate story
of Dutch life, full of the types of character which
the author portrays with such delicate insight. It
offers a variation upon the familiar "triangular"
situation with which the majority of modern novels
are concerned. The heroine is an imaginative crea-
ture with a passionate sense of beauty, whose up-
bringing has been of a nature to develop her native
artistic temperament. The man whom she marries
is the wrong one — a prosaic person who is a model
of all the homely virtues, a well-to-do landowner
and ambitious politician, but narrow in his outlook,
and wholly incapable of understanding the woman
to whom he is married. The man who makes her
an unfaithful wife is an aviator, who achieves fame
by flying from the Hook to Harwich and back, an
exploit with which all Europe resounds. When the
news of his death in Paris comes to her, she makes
confession of her guilt, and departs with her child to
seek the protection of the nuns in a near-by convent.
The author describes this story as "an incident of
Paradise regained," which leaves one questioning.
Is it really to regain Paradise to find happiness in an
illicit love and to bear all the practical consequences
of such a lapse? Like most of its predecessors, this
book is largely one of conversations—keen, witty,
and often wise—which reveal the inmost natures of
the interesting and very human group of people with
which it is concerned. It comes very near to being
a work of genius.
The Irish humorist who writes under the name
of "6. A. Birmingham" is rapidly acquiring an
enthusiastic clientUe of American readers. Six of
his novels have now appeared in the American edi-
tions, and in the latest of these the author's powers
of whimsical invention show no signs of exhaustion.
The appetite for his work grows by what it feeds
on, and "Priscilla's Spies" proves to be no less
delightful than its predecessors. Priscilla is a re-
freshingly nice girl of the tom-boy variety, and the
prompt way in which she enlarges the experience
of her cousin, the priggish public school boy who
comes to visit her in the west of Ireland, is highly
diverting. Her escapades have an imaginative touch.
They are chiefly concerned with running to earth two
mysterious strangers — a young man and a young
woman—who appear in those parts, and cruise about
the islands, camping in remote places. Priscilla pre-
tends to believe that they are German spies engaged
in the nefarious task of charting the coast. In reality
they are a runaway couple — a curate and his bride
— escaping from the paternal wrath of the bride's
father, who is the official at the head of the War
Office. When the latter arrives upon the scene, the
game is up, but it is too late for him to do anything
but forgive. Incidentally, there is disclosed the sec-
ret of one of the islands, which the natives prevent
visitors from approaching by a most ingenious and
complicated system of lying. They have the best of
reasons, for the island in question is the scene of a
flourishing native industry of the kind which is dis-
couraged by the revenue officers. Priscilla is a
joyously original creature, and stands next in our
affections to Lalage among the author's heroines.
Her occasional comments upon English poetry
(which she has reluctantly studied in school) fur-
nish one of the most entertaining features of the
story.
Sir Arthur Doyle's "The Lost World" is a tale
of amazing adventures in South America. A basaltic
plateau, near the upper course of one of the tribu-
taries of the Amazon, has in prehistoric ages been
cut off by a cataclysmic elevation from participation
in the life of the rest of the continent, and upon it
have been preserved down to our own days such
dragons of the prime as dinosaurs, and ichthyosaurs,
and plesiosaurs, and iguanodons, besides a race of
ape-men not much higher than the gorilla in develop-
ment. To this region a well-assorted party of four
explorers make their way, and have a most exciting
time of it. These fearsome beasts, hitherto known
only to palaeontology, are made to live and ravage
before our very eyes, and the denizens of the Indian
jungle are made to seem tame in comparison. The
explorers barely escape with their lives, and return
to London to tell their story with sensational effect,
bringing with them as an exhibit a live plesiosaurus.
The story is told by a newspaper reporter, who had
joined the expedition to acquire merit in the eyes of
a young woman named Gladys, who was to be satis-
fied with nothing less than a hero. When he returns,
sad to relate, Gladys has well-nigh forgotten him, and
found consolation in the arms of one Potts, a solic-
itor's clerk, who is anything but a hero. This is the
only love-interest of the story, but it has enough in-
terest of other sorts to atone for this culpable sin of
omission.
Since the lamented death of Vaughan Kester,
which occurred soon after the publication of his
sterling novel, "The Prodigal Judge," two posthu-
mous novels from his pen have seen the light. One
of them, "The Just and the Unjust," was a poor
performance, which added nothing to his reputation.
The other, "The Fortunes of the Landrays," now
published, is a much finer work, and approaches
within measurable distance the ideal which the pub-
lic delights to envisage under the style of the Great
American Novel. It is a typical story of American
life during the last half of the nineteenth century,
not the life of the great centres of population, which
gets exploited in our newspapers and other works of
fiction, but the life of the small community, in which
the interests and purposes of our national character
are less obscured and sophisticated in their expres-
sion. The Landrays are one of the pioneer families
of Benson, Ohio, and we first make their acquaint-
ance in the year of the California gold discovery.
The two brothers who represent the family, finding
their fortunes somewhat decayed, join the Argonauts
in their quest, taking the overland route, and become
the victims of an Indian massacre. Their widows,
one of whom has a son, are thus left in Benson to
carry on the family tradition and sustain the family
fortunes. The son, grown to manhood at the outbreak


1912.]
385
THE DIAL
of the Civil War, enters the army and remains in it
until Appomattox puts an end to the struggle. He
then goes into business, makes a failure of it, and
dies, leaving a son to keep the name alive. This son,
grown to manhood, and about to marry a girl whose
family fortunes we have also followed for three gen-
erations, is the chief object of our interest when the
story ends, or rather stops short, at the beginning of
the present century. We thus have a situation not
unlike that of the play called "Milestones," and a
treatment which is necessarily episodic. Whatever
unity the plot possesses is due to the two characters
whose lives span the entire period of the narrative.
These are Virginia Landray, the widow of one of
the ill-fated gold-hunters, and Jake Benson, the suc-
cessful lawyer and man of substance, who persistently
presses his suit upon her only to be definitely rejected.
When faithfulness and devotion fail to achieve their
aim, he becomes unfaithful, and, having charge of her
business affairs, defrauds her in a peculiarly mean
and revolting way, hoping to retain a hold upon her
through her poverty. The way in which the fraud
is eventually disclosed illustrates one of the many
ingenious devices whereby the end of this novel is
linked with its beginnings. It comes through the
recovery of a document entrusted by Stephen Land-
ray to the keeping of a small boy in the camp of
the gold-seekers just before they are wiped out by
the Indians. This boy is rescued, grows up in the
household of a Mormon elder, becomes a prosperous
ranchman, and, fifty years later, accidentally learns
into whose hands the document should be given. The
long arm of coincidence has to be worked in many
other ways also to work into one pattern the many
threads of this romantic history, but the ingenuity of
the author is unfailing, and he does not strain our
incredulity overmuch. In observation, variety of in-
terest, and power of characterization, this book, with
its presentation of a cross-section of the American
life of its period, is really a noteworthy performance.
"A Man's World," by Mr. Albert Edwards, "is
the story of how I, born at the close of the Great
War, lived, and of the things—commonplace and
unusual—which happened to me, how they felt at
the time and how I feel about them now." A book
thus described does not fit easily into the conventional
literary categories, and the author is quite right in his
renunciation of the title of novelist, saying that the
work has no unity "except the frame of mind which
led me to write it, which has held me to task till now."
These prefatory observations whet our expectations,
for a story which should live up to the formula above
given would obviously be something out of the com-
mon. It would substitute reality for artifice, sincerity
for simulation, and insight for the play of superficial
observation. "A Man's World " does all of this, and
more, giving us in the form of autobiography a pic-
ture of everyday life which impresses the reader with
its absolute honesty, and makes for the enlargement
of his sympathies. It must be said also that it makes
for the confusion of moral values, for it holds up "free
love" as a tenable alternative to legalized marriage,
and it bids us accept the metamorphosis of a foul-
mouthed prostitute into a virtuous wife of high spirit-
ual ideals. These matters are so dealt with that they
do not seem to give offense when we read of them;
it is only upon subsequent reflection, when we view
them in the abstract, that we see them as they are.
The story of the narrator's life begins in the South,
and pictures his mind as it struggles to escape from
the bondage of a narrow religious orthodoxy. The
emancipation is fairly complete, and the boy goes to
New York to earn his living. He drifts into literary
hack work until his eyes give out, and then he drifts
into social settlement work, in which he finds his
true vocation. He becomes a sort of missionary in
the Tombs, then a probation officer, and in the end a
recognized authority upon penology. He comes to
know thoroughly the seamy side of life, and finds a
soul of good in most of the evil things that engage
his attention. He elaborates no theories, but applies
to each case that presents itself a broad human method
of treatment which is sometimes effective, and some-
times not. He goes straight to the heart of each
concrete human problem, which is better than any
doctrinaire course, even if it lead to mistakes now
and then. He has all the time the vision of a better
social order toward which mankind is slowly groping,
and is content to think that he is obscurely helping
to bring about the regeneration. He wins none of
the prizes which we expect to come to the heroes of
our novels, and even his one radiant love affair ends
in disappointment. We leave him in middle life,
confused but not embittered, a man who feels that
his work is done, and that it has played, in its coral-
insect way, "an integral part in the increment of
wisdom." In the belief that the new generation is
less handicapped than the old, and that it will know
better how to deal with the problems of poverty, and
suffering, and crime, the narrator ends his convincing
tale of a human life lived in "a man's world." We
notice a few conspicuous errors that ought to be cor-
rected, such as "Compte" for the French positivist,
"Safchen" for Heine's Sefchen, and "Guiseppe,"
the impossible name of the old Garibaldian.
"My Love and I," by "Martin Redfield," is a
discussion, in autobiographical form, of the problem
dealt with by Mr. Wells in the novel previously
reviewed. It has nothing of the richness of Mr.
Wells's treatment, and relies more upon the con-
ventional motives. There is another woman in the
case, whom the man loves in secret, although he
does not escape from the bondage that keeps him
from her. He has married a girl simply because
she is beautiful, and is left afterwards to make the
discovery that she is hard, selfish, and mercenary.
It is a common experience with men, and the present
case is fairly typical. The hero is a popular novelist
who prostitutes his art to meet the demands of his
wife for display and social position. She, for her
part, constantly wounds his susceptibilities by her
inability to understand any ideal of life that is
above the artificial and material plane. She fawns
upon a wealthy spinster in the hope of an inherit-


386
[Nov. 16,
THE
DIAL
ance, and secretly takes money from a former lover
to gratify her mean desires and ambitions. There
are many quarrels, but no domestic crash, and the
other woman remains a star that dwells apart. The
story has a rare degree of sincerity, which makes it
more convincing than most works of fiction. Such
tragedies will continue to exist as long as men take
to themselves wives knowing nothing more of them
than may be seen upon the surface, and the interests
of society sternly demand that the obligations thus
heedlessly incurred shall be kept, whatever their
cost of individual suffering.
"The Secret of Frontellac," by Mr. Frank K.
Scribner, is a mystery story of considerable ingen-
uity and picturesque in its setting. An American
becomes the heir to a French chateau, and proceeds
to take possession. He finds that it has been a
rallying-place for the irreconcilable faction of
French royalists ever since the Revolution, and he
unearths documents which lead him to believe that
somewhere within its precincts are hidden the trea-
sure rifled from the royal tombs at St. De'nis at the
time of the sacrilege of 1793. Searching for this
treasure, the occupant becomes aware that his
movements are watched, and supposes that the
government is suspicious of him. Ambushes and
attempted assassinations follow, and at last the
treasure is unearthed in the shape of gold ingots
bearing a modern date. It seems that the Bank
of France has been robbed of a million francs, and
that the swag has been planted in the grounds of
the castle. Whereupon the American is arrested for
complicity in the crime, and has a hard time proving
his innocence. A little elementary science would
have saved the author from endowing sulphur with
the properties of phosphorus (a frequent blunder
with novelists), or from having his hero nonchal-
antly pick up the treasure-chest, unaware that a
million francs will weigh the greater part of a ton.
Since the hero has inherited with the castle the
guardianship of a beautiful girl, he is richly con-
soled in the outcome for the perils that have beset
h'8 Path- William Morton Payne.
Briefs on New Books.
Among the haps and mishaps of the
'never re%anear l^ess Bourbon family, the fate of
the little Dauphin, son of Louis XVI.
and Marie Antoinette, has "kept guessing" a certain
number of well-meaning people, whose Legitimist
devotion to the head of the family, whether on or
off a throne, is little short of pathetic. Regarding
the Revolution as a spasm, yielding only a reluctant
and provisional assent to the eighteen years' reign of
the Orleans branch as represented in Louis Philippe,
looking on the present republic, in spite of its forty-
one years of vigorous life, as a mistake some time to
be rectified, they have lavished on "Louis XVII."
a passionate devotion only equalled by the Jacobite
loyalty to the Stuart Pretenders. These claimants
to the English throne had, however, the enormous
advantage of being always ocularly in evidence;
while the name and claims of Charles Louis de
Bourbon, Duke of Normandy, were assumed by
half-a-dozen men at different times and places. As
only one of these could be the rightful heir, the ques-
tion of identity was of course vital to any successful
prosecution of the cause. What became of the little
prince after he was separated from his mother on
July 3,1793, and committed to the rude mercies of
his jailer Simon in the Temple prison? Did he die
there, as was asserted and generally believed, on the
8th of June, 1795, or was another child, already
moribund, substituted for the Dauphin and the latter
smuggled out of the prison, to lead a wandering
and precarious life for fifty years longer, under the
assumed name of Naundorf? Among the various
works which have espoused and pressed the cause
of Naundorf as the real Louis XVII., probably the
most exhaustive in detail and energetic in spirit has
been Henri Provins's "Dernier Roi Legitime de
France," which has now been made available for
English readers by Miss Phoebe Allen, in a volume
called "The Last Legitimate King of France" (Dut-
ton). The work is modestly described as a "com-
pilation," based on the researches and writings of
Henri Provins, Otto Friedrichs, and others. It con-
stitutes a sustained and elaborate special plea in sup-
port of the claim that "Louis XVII. was secretly
taken from the Tower in the Temple some time be-
tween the middle of October and the beginning of
November, 1794, and that he left the Temple early
in June, 1795; that his place in the Tower was sup-
plied by a deaf and dumb child, who served as his
substitute until probably the end of March, 1795;
that the deaf-mute was in his turn exchanged for a
second substitute, the moribund child whose death
in the Tower and subsequent autopsy did really and
truly take place." After various imprisonments and
escapes, the young man emerges in Berlin in 1810
with a passport bearing the name of Naundorf. For
the thirty-five years ensuing, until his death in 1845,
he led the adventurous life of a Claimant. He bore
certain physical marks known to have been on the
person of the Dauphin, and recalled correctly various
intimate details of the life in the prison which could
have been known to the Dauphin only. He also pos-
sessed two documents in the handwriting of Marie
Antoinette and Louis XVI., which were taken by
the Prussian government and never returned. It is
simply amazing, the enormous mass of evidence—
some of it convincing, some trivial—which has been
accumulated in this volume of over four hundred
pages, to prove the parti pris. Delia Bacon was by
contrast a cold and timorous advocate of her heresy.
The work is conceived in a spirit of bitterness toward
all who were skeptical as to Naundorf's pretensions.
As the prince's sister, the Duchess of AngoulSme,
and his uncles, Louis XVIII. and Charles X., could
naturally never be brought to look with anything but
a forbidding eye on Naundorf's appeals for recogni-
tion, the author has no good words for them; and


1912.]
387
THE DIAL
Louis Philippe is also castigated for his refusals to
open the claimant's case when repeatedly begged to
do so. Europe's interest in the "Cause," which had
grown somewhat tepid, was roused to a fitful warmth
by the recent appeal (1911) made to the Senate in
Paris by the descendants of Naundorf for favorable
consideration of their claims; and some hitherto
unpublished evidence was brought to light, which is
included, with all the rest, in the present work.
On the whole, the book may be recommended as a
spirited though one-sided representation of one of
the great mysteries of history.
The"man ^* '8 an amaz'ng thing that any
farthest down" American, in a seven weeks' race
in Europe. through Europe, from Scotland to
Sicily and from Sicily to Scandinavia, should dis-
cover enough that is new to serve as material for a
book worth the reading. That such a book should
throw light upon important problems of our own
is still more amazing. The wonder of it disap-
pears, however, upon the mention of the author's
name,— for Booker T. Washington is a professional
wonder-worker. What Mr. Washington set out to
find was the "man farthest down" in European
countries, in order to compare his position with that
of the man farthest down in America, the negro.
This, at any rate, was his avowed purpose; his
unavowed design was to discover what hope for
the future the most wretched of Europeans might
justly entertain, and to bring back some of that
hope to his own people. Wretchedness enough he
found. He saw youths in the sulphur mines subject
to a worse slavery than the negroes have ever known
in America. He saw coasts that must be guarded by
soldiers to keep wretched peasants from stealing
the waters of the sea. He saw women serving as
beasts of draught and of burden. In some of the
countries visited he saw evidence of race prejudice
more bitter, race oppression more cruel, than that of
our own country at its worst. But everywhere, he
found reason to believe, conditions are gradually
improving. The man farthest down is rising. And
in some cases this appears to be due to the very fact
of racial oppression.
"Of the three sections of the Polish race, German, Rus-
sian and Austrian, there are two in which . . . the [Polish]
people are oppressed, and one in which they seem to be, if
anything, the oppressors. In Russian Poland and in German
Poland the Polish are making a desperate struggle to main-
tain their national existence, but in these two countries the
Poles are prosperous. ... In Austrian Poland, on the con-
trary, where the Austrian government, in order, perhaps,
to hold the political aspirations of the Huthenians in check,
has given them a free hand in the government of the prov-
ince, . . . they have made leas progress."
Not more than two hundred and fifty years ago
so gifted a man as Holberg could believe that intel-
ligence and political capacity are by nature denied
to all but the hereditary aristocracy. There are still
cultivated Englishmen who will assert that the Irish
lack capacity for government; we who have been
governed by them know better. The German is con-
vinced of the political incompetence of the Poles;
the Poles, of that of the Ruthenians; the Hunga-
rians know of a certainty that the Slovaks lack civic
qualities. We who have seen Germans and Poles
and Ruthenians, Hungarians and Slovaks, under
equal laws, and with equal opportunities, gradually
transforming themselves into typical Americans,
know what value to place upon Old World super-
stitions of congenital inferiorities and superiorities,
social and racial. We have our own congenital
superiorities and inferiorities — white and black.
Possibly these alone of their kind are real and
eternal. Even so, they need not prevent a vast
improvement in the lot of the black man. (Double-
day, Page & Co.)
Coeur de Lion Those who are interested in the psy-
andthe chology of authorship will not turn
landscape. lightly from Miss Maude M. Hol-
bach's "In the Footsteps of Richard Coeur de Lion"
(Little, Brown, & Co.). The writer is not content
with following those footsteps, biographically, to her
hero's last fateful strides before Chaluz. She pro-
ceeds, in the second part of the book, to lead us
through various regions once traversed by him,
pointing out whatever footprints still remain — and
also inviting our attention to much scenery which
(like Quince's "bill of properties") but slenderly
illuminates the main plot. Does the work as a whole,
then, belong to the genus Travel or Popular Biog-
raphy? In body, to the latter — for part one takes
up two-thirds of the book; in spirit, however, chiefly
to the former. Part one presents us with a scenic
life of the Lion-Heart; and does so, on the whole,
excellently. The writer has had a keen eye for all
that is picturesque in the chronicles; and her con-
siderable narrative and descriptive powers enable
her to make effective use of what constitutes her dis-
tinctive equipment, — an extraordinary familiarity
with the scenes of Richard's activities. In part two
the lion, indeed, is off the stage; but the atmosphere
remains the same. The author has something of
Shakespeare's skill in reminding us of what has
happened " behind the scene"; and when allusion to
Richard fails — why, then there is Herod or Napo-
leon. So that in part two Richard, aided by others,
illuminates the landscape; whereas in part one the
landscape illuminates Richard. To be sure, towns
and countrysides can throw but little light on a man's
inner nature — unless he happens to be an architect
or a landscape gardener. And it is unfortunate that
Miss Holbach implies, in her opening chapter and
elsewhere, an intention of rendering a truer picture
than has yet been of Richard's personality. She
adds nothing, in this respect, to accounts given in
the various historical works (particularly in Kate
Norgate's admirable book on the Angevins) which
she quotes so liberally in her own text. Like many
other makers of popular biography, she seems oblivi-
ous to the fact that nice discrimination as well as
historic bent, and much logical thinking as well as
whole-hearted interest, are required for the delinea-
tion of a notable individuality. Miss Holbach's


388
[Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
pictorial account, however, is thoroughly sincere.
Indeed, her whole book rings true. It thus stands
in pleasing contrast to those numerous minor works
in which inadequate history appears in the service
of cheap artistic effects.
Reminucencet It takes an heroic effort of intellec-
"oerman tua^ charity to forgive Dr. G. Stanley
philosopher*. Hall for calling his collection of
studies of eminent men who appealed to his, as
to so many others', interests in his pilgrimages to
Germany, "The Founders of Modern Psychology"
(Apple ton). To the last of the group, who is properly
accorded the largest space, the title rightly belongs.
Wilhelm Wundt, who this year celebrated his eighti-
eth birthday, has in his own career witnessed the
emergence of a new insight into the nature of the
world of mind and the methods of its pursuit, and
himself played a pioneer's part in the occupation.
Helmholtz was a versatile genius who solved a con-
siderable range of problems by which the psycholo-
gist eagerly profited. Fechner has a quasi-legitimate
rank as a founder; but the sketch presented—though
less engaging than the slighter essay of James—
shows the otherwise directed bent of his major in-
terests. Votf Hartmann, Lotze, and Zeller are
rightfully claimed by philosophy and have had but
a negligible influence in shaping modern psychology,
though they labored in fields where a psychological
harvest (or gleaning) was inevitable. But apart from
Dr. Hall's title, his collection of studies deals with
notable men who made notable contributions to the
philosophic renaissance of the nineteenth century in
Germany. They seem heroic figures, despite their
proximity to our own outlook; and yet the studies
carry a reminiscent air. Dr. Hall had a living ac-
quaintance with all these men, casual in some cases,
but enough to catch the direct inspiration of personal
contact which attracted the scholarly-minded of his
generation to the seats of learning in Germany, and
kept them there long enough to catch its spirit and
successfully transplant it to the new world. The
studies make difficult reading, unrelieved by felici-
ties or facilities of presentation; they often suggest
the careful digest of a conscientious student, yet one
keeping in mind the principles of interest that give
unity of interpretation, and the critical sense that
must weigh and judge as well as record the data of
judgment. There is often a plethora of detail that
reflects the formlessness which the younger Germans
are discarding as an impediment of progress, how-
ever imposing as the baggage of learning. As a
record of the contributions of a related group of
scholars who made a critical epoch in the Wissen-
schaft which is our direct heritage, the volume oc-
cupies a unique place and serves a helpful purpose.
Super.lition, Manv Parta of India o£Eer a ri<*
and omem of harvest for the anthropologist or
Southern India, ethnologist, and from the lower end
of the peninsula Mr. Edgar Thurston has garnered
an attractive bundle of sheaves, which he presents
in a volume entitled "Omens and Superstitions of
Southern India" (McBride, Nast & Co.). The au-
thor was formerly Superintendent of the Madras
Government Museum and of the Ethnographic Sur-
vey of the Madras Presidency, and has published a
number of works on kindred subjects. The present
contribution contains twelve chapters, with such
captions as "Snake Worship," "Charms," "Human
Sacrifice," "Magic and Magicians," and "Rain-
making Ceremonies." The general treatment seems
to represent a compromise between the scientist and
the layman, but inclining rather to the latter. The
net result is a volume that does not enlarge the
boundaries of science, but does treat its deliberately
limited field with considerable thoroughness, while
reporting much that is interesting for the general
reader. As an illustration of the latter phase, we
may adduce the story of the idol protected from
desecration at night by a cobra. "When the doors
are being shut, the snake slides in, and coils itself
round the lingam. Early in the morning, when
the priest opens the door, it glides away, without
attempting to harm any of the large number of spec-
tators, who never fail to assemble." More thrilling is
the account, twice recorded, of the Shanan who was
working on the top of a palmyra palm when a high
wind broke off the stalk and he was wafted gently
to the earth by a huge leaf, which acted as a natural
parachute. Again, there is much suggestiveness in
an instance of demon worship: the demon was an
English officer, killed about a hundred years ago,
and the worship " consisted in offering to his manes
spirituous liquors and cheroots." Then another
paragraph will send a very different current along
the reader's nerves: "As recently as 1902 a Euro-
pean magistrate in Ganjam received a petition,
asking for permission to perform a human sacrifice,
which was intended to give a rich colour to the
turmeric crop." And even later than this there
have been unmistakable examples of the slaying of
children to procure the help of some god. Exact-
ing students will regret that Mr. Thurston has not
always indicated more clearly the value he places
on his authorities, although his sources of informa-
tion are generally given. The author's English is
simple and unstudied almost to an extreme. The
volume is well printed and generally presentable.
"The long J°nn Burroughs's new book,
road" of "Time and Change" (Houghton),
evolution. jg a Election of nature essays of a
kind that is new, not only in Mr. Burroughs's work,
but in literature. It was to be expected that Mr.
Burroughs, who has more of the scientific attitude
than had any of his predecessors in nature writing,
would turn sooner or later to questions of geology and
biology, and he has at last done so in a book that
is both wise and entertaining. It is the result, as
he remarks in the preface, "of the stages of brood-
ing and thinking which I have gone through" in
embracing the doctrine of evolution. Most of us
accept this doctrine quite as our forebears normally


1912.]
889
THE DIAL,
accepted the doctrines of Christianity — without
question, almost without interest; and we avoid
learned treatises on the subject because they are
presumably dull. Mr. Burroughs's essays are in
the main a visualization of evolution, an attempt to
open our eyes and our minds to " Primal Energies"
and "The Hazards of the Past" and all the infinitely
wonderful events that took place on "The Long
Road"; they are an emotional yet thoughtful in-
quiry into the problems of modern science — science
touched with emotion. As such, they are thoroughly
readable, despite the prevalence of Mr. Burroughs's
inveterate weakness, repetition. "I am aware,"
he writes, "that there is much repetition in them";
there is indeed, and it wellnigh spoils them. The
first essay is a marvel of lack of evolution in style:
back and forth it runs, and across, like a dog seeking
the scent. The annoyance that the reader suffers
is diminished somewhat by the skilful arrangement
of the essays; they become more and more specific
as we go on, and the semi-narrative essays, such
as "Holidays in Hawaii," afford some relief. The
concluding chapter, on "The Gospel of Nature,"
contains so many interesting and significant remarks
that one finds it difficult to forbear quotation.
a great military General Sherman at the head of an
commander at academy of half a hundred undis-
eoiiege president. c;piined boys, and pestered with
such petty administrative details as the detection
and punishment of the young scapegrace who had
daubed with hair-oil all the blackboards and chairs
in one of the recitation rooms, presents a picture
not at all familiar to those in whose imagination he
is either marching victoriously through Georgia or
standing shoulder to shoulder with Grant in repuls-
ing with heavy loss the assaults of Confederate
armies. Yet this is the picture of him, painted
chiefly by himself, that is offered us in a noteworthy
volume compiled and edited by Professor Walter L.
Fleming, of the Louisiana State University, and
published by the Arthur H. Clark Company of
Cleveland. "General W. T. Sherman as College
President" is succinctly described on its title-page
as "a collection of letters, documents, and other
material, chiefly from private sources, relating to
the life and activities of General William Tecumseh
Sherman, to the early years of Louisiana State Uni-
versity, and to the stirring conditions existing in the
South on the eve of the Civil War; 1859-1861."
Sherman applied for and obtained the position of
superintendent of the State Seminary of Learning
at Alexandria, upon its organization in 1859, and
he entered on his new duties with the opening of the
year 1860, holding also the professorship of engi-
neering, architecture, and drawing. He remained
at Alexandria, ably guiding the fortunes of what
was ere long to become the State University of
Louisiana until the strained relations between North
and South made him feel in honor bound to relin-
quish his post and throw in his lot with the Union.
His personal and official correspondence for those
two years is now for the first time brought to light
by one enjoying exceptional facilities for the col-
lecting and editing of these interesting documents,
and the volume, suitably illustrated and sufficiently
annotated, forms a valuable appendix or companion
piece to Sherman's "Personal Memoirs." It shows
the man at a critical period of his life.
A treatise
on style in
musical art.
Dr. Hubert Parry's "Style in Mus-
ical Art" (Macmillan) consists of a
series of lectures delivered recently
at Oxford. While the volume has the necessary
academic completeness, it maintains also the interest
which appeals to the larger audience. Style, Dr.
Parry tells us, "may be considered from as many
points of view as there are causes or conditions
which induce it. They interlace and mingle without
necessarily disturbing or confusing one another.
Some are plain and easily distinguished, and some
are hard to define; some are elementary, inevitable,
persistent; some are elusive and resultant. Material
causes, general causes, psychological, racial, and per-
sonal causes, associations and conditions of present-
ment, all influence and control its variations, of which
anyone with a glimmering of artistie or literary
sense is conscious." This passage indicates the
method of treatment To each phase of the subject
is devoted one or more lectures, and the historic or
evolutionary procedure is followed in each case.
From the first instinctive recognition of an element
through its conscious manipulation up to its free and
artistic use the unfoldment proceeds. One wonders
why the treatment is not made more systematic; Dr.
Parry announces the principles underlying the mass
of material, but he employs these principles only in
the subsidiary phases, not in the whole. This gives
a somewhat encyclopaedic aspect to his discussion,
but the accumulation of detail is after all very well
ordered. The subject of style is here treated with
the consideration which its importance demands.
The work is remarkably comprehensive, and indeed
is authoritative in its field. The great art with
which it deals is discussed not only from the side of
its technique, but also from the side of its content
or significance. It is a work which deserves the
serious attention of all who are interested in music.
Recollection, of A voun& English society woman,
a busy author suddenly left a widow with two
and traveller. ama\l children, pluckily determined
to earn for those children the advantages that would
have been theirs if their father had lived; and it
was with her pen, backed by her courage and her
mental resourcefulness, that she accomplished her
resolve. The story of this up-hill struggle is told
with briskness and vivacity in "Thirteen Years of
a Busy Woman's Life" (Lane), a noteworthy piece
of autobiography signed by Mrs. Alec Tweedie. In
her "prologue" she refers, with a mingling of epi-
gram and philosophy, to the discipline of misfortune.
"Although I did not experience it myself," she says,
"I am sure that adversity is a fine up-bringing for


890
[Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
youth. It makes children think, which youth nursed
in luxury seldom does. Adversity only came to me
in my twenties. Youth is often spent courting time,
middle age in chasing time, and old age, alas! in
killing time." Mrs. Tweedie's biography of her
father, Dr. George Harley, and her books about
Mexico and its seven-times president are well known,
as also are others of the thirteen volumes she has
produced in as many years. Her large output of
newspaper and magazine writing in the same period
was probably what chiefly paid the household bills,
though it will be sooner forgotten. Her account of
her various travels in quest of book-material, of the
hardships and bodily dangers she has faced, of the
illustrious persons she has met, and a great variety of
other matters such as a bright and observant woman
knows how to make the most of in a narrative of the
kind she has so entertainingly written, will be greatly
enjoyed by those who like to read of real life strenu-
ously lived by energetic people.
Wa,hino«m and In h« volume entitled " Washington
Lincoln at and Lincoln" (Putnam), Mr. Robert
related leader: yft McLaughlin attempts a rather
unusual task. Inasmuch as the names of Washington
and Lincoln are generally coupled as the two great-
est of our history, it has seemed to the author that
the relation of these two leaders in governmental
action and theory should be traced. He assumes a
general conviction, " which deepens with the years,
that the two 'Fathers ' mastered the ideas that con-
stitute the basil of our national structure," and he
endeavors to show that the two men acted on the
same great principles of government, — the "inv
perial ideal" with power lodged at the centre dis-
tinct from and in addition to power in the parts.
Both the aristocrat and the democrat subscribed to
the political creed that power as expressed in law is
derived from the people, "yet the words did not
mean exactly the same to each. Washington saw
the people in the law; Lincoln saw the law in the
people." Mr. McLaughlin traces the course of our
political development, from the English attempt at
parliamentary control in 1765 through the revolu-
tionary era, the constitutional era, the national era,
and the civil war era, to show Washington's theory
of government and his influence upon the course of
affairs, and then Lincoln's, and to show that the
abuse of its power by the controlling group called
both to leadership for the correction of these abuses.
The attempt is interesting, but hardly convincing in
the matter of establishing the close relation in ideas
that he sees between the two leaders.
Memorial, of Dante loVerS have lonK felt and
Dante in deplored the absence in Florence of
modern Florence. neaT\y au traces of the great poet
whose birthplace it was more than six hundred years
ago. The house in which he was born, the stone on
the spot where he was supposed to have sat as a boy
to watch the Duomo a-building. the battered portrait
on the Bargello wall, — these have seemed almost
his only remaining memorials in the modern city.
In a book entitled "With Dante in Modern Flor-
ence" (Dutton), Miss Mary E. Lacy has recorded
and described whatever now remains to throw light
on the "Divina Commedia" or its author. With
its help, the reader or tourist may reconstruct in
great measure the Florence in which Dante lived
until, under sentence of death, he became an exile
for twenty years. The picture of those times, in
politics, in art, in society, and religion, is briefly but
vividly drawn; and the twenty-eight illustrations,
though mostly modern, help to connect present and
past. A concluding chapter, "Florence Repentant,"
relates how — all too late — the city that the poet
so passionately loved has done and continues to do
all that is in her power to wipe out the shame of
centuries.
BRIEFER MENTION.
Mrs. Wilfrid Jackson has translated M. Anatole
France's ironic masterpiece "La Rotisserie de la Reine
Pe'dauque," and the work is published by John Lane Co.
in their library edition of the author's works. Mr. W.
J. Locke contributes an introduction, which seems to
afford a felicitous conjunction of wits.
A sense of filial obligation has led Miss Helen Nicolay
to carry out a plan long cherished by her father of sup-
plementing his great history of Lincoln and his times by
a small and more intimate volume portraying the man
as Nicolay knew him in the close association of many
years. He had collected a great mass of anecdotes
and incidents illustrating Lincoln's personal traits; but
the work was not done, and now the daughter has ful-
filled her father's unfinished task in the volume entitled
"Personal Traits of Abraham Lincoln " (Century). No
new light is thrown on Lincoln's career or character, but
the work is valuable in that as far as may be it separates
the man from the times and shows him as he was in his
daily life and personal relations. Such chapters as those
on « Lincoln's Attitude toward Money," "President Lin-
coln, his Wife and Children," "Daily Receptions of the
Plain People," "Life at the White House," and « His
Reason and his Heart" give the reader a new and clear
insight into the character of Lincoln.
Miss H. A. Guerber, the author of various manuals
of legends and stories, is now making her industrious
way through Shakespeare, her latest production being
a volume of " Stories of Shakespeare's English History
Plays" (Dodd, Mead & Co.). That Shakespeare can be
retold with delight and edification, Charles Lamb proved
once for all; and though one hesitates to commend this
method of making the dramatist's acquaintance, doubt-
less there are times when a short cut may serve a use-
ful purpose. There may be readers, too, who cannot
relish such language, for example, as that of the angry
Douglas, seeking out the king among those who are fur-
nished like him,— " I'll murder all his wardrobe, piece
by piece !"— but would really prefer to be told that
"Douglas hastens away, vowing he will kill all the kings
on the battle-field, since a number of knights are incased
in royal armor." For all such, Miss Guerber's book is
to be commended. Its method brings out, with con-
siderable emphasis, the instructive value of this epic
eycle of plays.


1912.J
391
THE DIAi,
Notes.
A new work by Professor Josiah Royce, entitled "The
Problem of Christianity," is announced by Messrs. Mac-
millan for publication early next year.
A French study of Chaucer, by M. Emile Legouis,
will be issued shortly by Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co. in
an English translation made by L. Lalavoiz.
Mr. Cobden-Sanderson will immediately add "The
Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra " and " Venus and
Adonis " to his splendid Doves Press edition of Shake-
speare.
"A Christinas Garland," by Mr. Max Beerbohm, to
be issued shortly by Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co., will
consist of a series of parodies of well-known authors of
the day.
Charles Lamb's essay on " Old China " and Emerson's
essay on " Success " will be added at once to the series
of Riverside Press Editions published by Houghton
Mifflin Co.
Mr. J. C. Snaith, the young English novelist, has writ-
ten a study of industrial and political conditions in Great
Britain, which Messrs. Doubleday, Page & Co. will pub-
lish next year.
"Carmen Sylva, and Sketches from the Orient" is
the title of a new book by Pierre Loti, which the Mac-
millan Co. will publish immediately. The translation is
the work of Mr. Fred. Rothwell.
In their " Connoisseur's Library " the Messrs. Putnam
will issue immediately a volume entitled "Fine Books,"
by Dr. Alfred W. Pollard, being a record of books valued
for their printing, decoration, or illustrations.
The first issue of a new monthly art magazine, to be
known as " New York Art" is soon to appear. It is
said that Dr. Wilhelm R. Valentiner, curator of decora-
tive arts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, will be
the editor of the new publication, and Mr. Frederic
Fairchild Sherman will be the publisher.
Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch has been appointed King
Edward VII. Professor of English Literature at Cam-
bridge University, with a salary of £800 yearly. The
intended foundation of this professorship was announced
two years ago, Sir Harold Harmsworth giving Cam-
bridge University £20,000 for its endowment.
Homer Lea, author of "The Day of the Saxon," re-
viewed in our last issue, died in Los Angeles November 1,
at the age of thirty-six. Besides the book above named,
he was the author of "The Vermilion Pencil," a novel;
"The Valor of Ignorance," a military work; "The
Crimson Spider," a drama; and had in preparation a
history of the political development of China.
In conjunction with the English publishers of "Every-
man's Library," Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co. are plan-
ning the publication of a practical, comprehensive, yet
concise encyclopaedia, to be issued in twelve volumes of
about 640 pages each, uniform in size and general style
with " Everyman's." The first volume of this important
work will be issued in January next, and the others at
regular intervals thereafter.
The biography of George Frederick Watts, to be pub-
lished shortly by Messrs. Macmillan, will doubtless con-
stitute a record of an artistic and personal career of
remarkable interest. The work has been prepared by
Mrs. G. F. Watts, and consists of three volumes. Of
these the first two include the biography proper, the
last containing various writings and hitherto unpublished
notes by G. F. Watts on artistic subjects.
LiiST of Nbw Books.
[The following list, containing 1SS titles, includes books
received by The Dial since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Mark Tivalns A Biography. The Personal and Lit-
erary Life of Samuel Langhorne Clemens. By
Albert Bigelow Paine. In 3 volumes; Illustrated
In photogravure, etc., 8vo. "Library Edition."
Harper Brothers. $6. net.
Thirteen Yearn of a Busy Woman's Life. By Mrs.
Alec. Tweedle. Illustrated, 8vo, 367 pages. John
Lane Co. $4. net.
The Life of Michael Angelo. By Romain Rolland;
translated from the French by Frederic Lees.
Illustrated, 8vo, 208 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co.
$2. net
The Minority of Henry the Third. By Kate Nor-
gate. Large 8vo, 307 pages. Macmillan Co.
$2.75 net.
William Sharp (Fiona Macleod): A Memoir. Com-
piled by his wife, Elizabeth A. Sharp. In 2 vol-
umes, 12mo. "Uniform Edition." Duffleld & Co.
Each 11.50 net.
Personal Recollection* of the War of the Rebellion i
Addresses delivered before the Commandery of
the State of New York. Edited by A. Noel Blake-
man. Fourth Series. With photogravure por-
trait, large 8vo, 380 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$2.50 net.
Memolre de Marie Caroline Relne de Naples. Par
R. M. Johnston. 8vo. 340 pages. Cambridge:
Harvard University.
HISTORY.
Readings In American Constitutional History, 1776-
1876. Edited by Allen Johnson. Large 8vo, 684
pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $2.50 net.
The Ships and Sailors of Old Salemi The Record
of a Brilliant Era of American Achievement By
Ralph D. Paine. Illustrated, 8vo, 615 pages.
A. C. McClurg & Co. $2. net.
Winning the Southwest i A Story of Conquest. By
Glenn D. Bradley. With portraits, 12mo, 226
pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1. net
A Concise History of New Mexico. By L Bradford
Prince, LL.D. Illustrated, 8vo, 272 pages. Cedar
Rapids: Torch Press. $1.50 net.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
On Emerson, and Other Essays. By Maurice Maeter-
linck; translated by Montrose J. Moses. 12mo,
232 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.25 net
Among My Booksi Centenaries, Reviews, Memoirs.
By Frederic Harrison. 12mo, 438 pages. Mac-
millan Co. $1.75 net
At Prior Park, and Other Papers. By Austin Dob-
son. Illustrated, 12mo, 305 pages. F. A. Stokes
Co. $1.50 net
Books and Bookmen, and Other Essays. By Ian
Maclaren. 12mo, 172 pages. George H. Doran
Co. $1.25 net.
This and That, and the Other. By Hllalre Belloc.
12mo, 351 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.25 net.
Change In the Tillage. By George Bourne. 12mo,
309 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.35 net
Thy Rod and Thy Staff. By Arthur Christopher
Benson. 12mo, 300 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1.50.
Roses of Paestum. By Edward McCurdy. Revised,
with additions, and printed on Van Gelder hand-
made paper. 12mo. Thomas B. Mosher. $2. net.
Arthur James Balfour as Philosopher and Thinker:
A Collection of the More Important and Inter-
esting Passages in His Non-Political Writings,
Speeches, and Addresses, 1879-1912. Selected and
arranged by Wilfrid M. Short. With portrait,
large 8vo, 552 pages. Longmans, Green & Co.
$2.50 net.
Amphorai A Collection of Prose and Verse Chosen
by the Editor of "The Bibelot." 12mo, 190 pages.
Thomas B. Mosher. $1.75 net.


392
[Nov. 16,
THE DIAL,
Vistas t The Gypsy Christ and Other Prose Imagin-
ings by William Sharp. Selected and arranged
by Mrs. William Sharp. 12mo, 484 pages. Vol-
ume V. of "Uniform Edition." Duffield & Co.
$1.50 net.
Wordsworth i Poet of Nature and Poet of Man. By
E. Hershey Sneath, Ph.D. 8vo, 320 pages. Ginn
& Co. $2.
Americana and Others. By Agnes Reppller. Lltt.D.
12mo. 288 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.10 net.
The Message of Robert Browning. By A. Austin
Foster. M.A. 8vo, 242 pages. George H. Doran
Co. $1.25 net.
A Tramp'a Sketchea. By Stephen Graham. With
frontispiece, 8vo, 339 pages. Macmillan Co.
$1.60 net.
Intlmntlona of Immortality In the Sonnet* of Shake-
speare. By George Herbert Palmer. 12mo. 57
pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. 75 cts. net.
Gleamat A Fragmentary Interpretation of Man and
His World. By Edwin BJorkman. 12mo, 93
pages. Mitchell Kennerley. 75 cts. net.
The Book of the Serpent. By Katherlne Howard.
12mo, 53 pages. Sherman, French & Co. $1. net.
An Original Canto of Spenaer. Designed as Part of
his Fairy Queen, but never printed. Now Made
Publick, by Nestor Ironside, Esq. 12mo, 30
pages. New York City: Arthur H. Nason.
Corlolannai The British Academy Second Annual
Shakespeare Lecture. By A. C. Bradley. 8vo, 19
pages. Oxford University Press. Paper. 25 cts.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
The l.oeb Claaaleal Library. Edited by T. E. Page
and W. H. D. Rouse. First volumes: Euripides,
with an English translation by Arthur S. Way,
2 vols.; Phllostratus, the Life of Apollonlus of
Tyana. with an English translation by F. C.
Conybeare, 2 vols.; Terence, with an English
translation by John Sargeaunt, 2 vols.; Proper-
tius, with an English translation by H. E. But-
ler. 12 mo. Macmillan Co. Per volume, $1.50 net.
The Complete Poetical works of Samnel Taylor
Coleridge, including Poems and Versions of
Poems now Published for the First Time. Edited,
with textual and bibliographical notes, by Ernest
Hartley Coleridge. In 2 volumes; with photo-
gravure portrait, 8vo. Oxford University Press.
$5.25 net.
Romance, Vinton, and Satlrei English Alliterative
Poems of the Fourteenth Century. Newly ren-
dered in the original metres by Jessie L. Weston.
12mo, 337 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
First-Folio Shakespeare. Edited by Charlotte Porter
and Helen A. Clarke. New volumes: Henry VI.
(three parts in three volumes); Henry VIII.;
Venus and Adonis; Lucrece; Sonnets and Minor
Poems. Each with photogravure frontispiece,
16mo. Thomas Y. Crowell Co. Per set, $30.; per
volume, 75 cts.
DRAMA AND VERSE.
The Home Book of Versei American and English,
1580-1912. With an Appendix Containing a Few
Weil-Known Poems in Other Languages. Selected
and arranged by Burton Egbert Stevenson. 8vo,
3742 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $7.50 net.
The Green Helmet, and Other Poems. By William
Butler Yeats. 12mo, 91 pages. Macmillan Co.
$1.25 net.
Poema and Ballnda. By Hermann Hagedorn. 12mo.
134 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
The Poet, the Fool, and the Faeries. By Madison
Caweln. 12mo, 258 pages. Small, Maynard & Co.
$1.50 net.
A Dome of Many-Coloured Gland. By Amy Lowell.
12mo, 139 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.50 net.
The Wind on the Heathi Ballads and Lyrics. By May
Byron. 12mo, 139 pages. George H. Doran Co.
$1. net.
The Lure of the Sen. By J. E. Patterson. 8vo. 102
pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.25 net.
The Roadside Fire. By Amelia Josephine Burr.
12mo, 111 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1. net.
The Unconquered Air, and Other Poems. By Flor-
ence Earle Coates. 12mo, 112 pages. Houghton
Mifflin Co. $1.25 net
Women for Votes. By Elizabeth Hughes. 12mo. 97
pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1. net.
In Other Words. By Franklin P. Adams. 12mo, 161
pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1. net.
Spring In Tuscany, and Other Lyrics. By various
writers. 16mo. Thomas B. Mosher. 50 cts. net.
FICTION.
Cease Firing ■ A Novel of the War between the
States. By Mary Johnston. Illustrated In color,
12mo, 457 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.40 net.
The Heroine la Bronae; or, A Portrait of a Girl: A
Pastoral of the City. By James Lane Allen.
12mo, 281 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
The Financier. By Theodore Dreiser. 12mo, 780
pages. Harper & Brothers. $1.40 net.
The Heather Moon, By C. N. and A. M. Williamson.
12mo, 446 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.35 net.
The Rise of Roscoe Paine. By Joseph C. Lincoln.
Illustrated, 469 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.30 net.
Gordon Craig, Soldier of Fortune. By Randall Par-
rish. Illustrated In color, 12mo, 366 pages. A. C.
McClurg & Co. $1.35 net.
Tbe Honourable Mrs. Garry. By Mrs. Henry de la
Pasture (Lady Clifford). 12mo, 399 pages. E. P.
Dutton & Co. $1.35 net.
The Ordeali A Mountain Romance of Tennessee. By
Charles Egbert Craddock. With frontispiece in
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Ashton-Klrk, Secret Agent. By John T. Mclntyre.
Illustrated, 12mo, 332 pages. Penn Publishing
Co. $1.25 net.


1912.]
393
THE DIAL
'Which One* By Robert Ames Bennet. Illustrated
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Edinburgh and the Lothian*. By Francis Watt.
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San Francisco: As It Was, As It Is, and How to See
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The Annals of Fleet Street i Its Traditions and Asso-
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My Tropic Isle. By E. J. Banfleld. Illustrated, large
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The Romance of Nice. By John D. E. Loveland.
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Motor Journeys. By Louise Closser Hale. Illus-
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Ten Thousand Miles through Canada. By Joseph
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Russia in Europe and Asia. By Joseph King Good-
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The Golden Window of the Eaati Oriental Impres-
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Citlsens Made and Remadei An Interpretation of the
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The Business of Being a Woman. By Ida M. TarbelL
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The German Emperor and the Peace of the World.
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Organized Labor: Its Problems and How to Meet
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SCIENCE.
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The Life of an Elephant. By S. Eardley-Wilmot
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The Ways of the Planets. By Martha Evans Martin.
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Electricity: Its History and Development. By Wil-
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OUT-DOOR LIFE.
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The Complete Yachtsman. By H. Heckstall-Smith and
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ing Publishing Co. $3.75 net
RELIGION AND THEOLOGY.
Ecce Dens: Studies of Primitive Christianity. By
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cago: Open Court Publishing Co. $2.25 net.
Religion In China: Universlsm, a Key to the Study
of Taoism and Confucianism. By J. J. M. de Groot,
Ph.D. 12mo, 327 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1.50 net
The Ordinary Man and the Extraordinary Thing.
By Harold Begbie. 12mo, 256 pages. George H.
Doran Co. $1.25 net
The Illumined Life. By Helen Van Anderson-Gor-
don. 12mo, 210 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.25 net
The Preacher, His Life and Work: Yale Lectures.
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H. Doran Co. $1.25 net.
Where Heaven Touched the Earth. By Cortland
Myers, D.D. Illustrated In color, 12mo, 239 pages.
New York: American Tract Society. $1. net
A Living Immortality. By Lyman Abbott, D.D.
18mo, 30 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. Paper,
16 cts. net.
ART, ARCHITECTURE, AND MUSIC.
American Graphic Art. By F. Weitenkampf. Illus-
trated, 8vo, 372 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $2?75 net
Colonial Homes and Their Furnishings. By Mary H.
Northend. Illustrated, large 8vo, 262 pages. Lit-
tle, Brown & Co. $5. net.
On Drawing and Painting. By Denman Waldo Ross,
Ph.D. Large 8vo, 213 pages. Houghton Mifflin
Co. $2.50 net.
Little Books on Art, New volumes: Benvenuto Cel-
lini, by Robert H. Hobart Cust; Rodin, by Muriel
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net
Masterpieces of Music. New volume: Schumann, by
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Catalogue of the Avery Collections of Ancient Chi-
nese Cloisonnes. By John Getz; with Preface by
William H. Goodyear. Illustrated, large 8vo, 72
pages. Brooklyn: Museum of the Brooklyn Insti-
tute of Arts and Sciences.
EDUCATION.
Principles of Educational Practice. By Paul Klap-
per, Ph.D. 8vo, 485 pages. D. Appleton A Co.
$1.75 net.
Helping School Children. By Elsa Denison. Illus-
trated, 8vo, 352 pages. Harper & Brothers.
$1.40 net.


394
[Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
Story-Telling In School and Homei A Study In Edu-
cational Aesthetics. By Emelyn Newcomb Part-
ridge and George Everett Partridge. Illustrated,
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British and Amerlcnn Eloquence. By Robert Irving
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A MonteMorl Mother. By Dorothy Canfleld Fisher.
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A Valiant Womani A Contribution to the Educa-
tional Problem. By M. F., author of 'The Jour-
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The Dramatic Method of Teaching. By Harriet Fin-
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Guide to the Study and Reading of American His-
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The Principles of Hebrew Grammar, with Examples
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don: Luzac & Co.
The Elements of Geography. By Rollin D. Salis-
bury, Harlan H. Burrows, and Walter S. Tower.
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THE DIAL
a Semi.fHonrhlg Journal of Uttttarg Gtttttcfem, ©iaraassion, anb Information.
No. 636. DECEMBER 1, 1912. Vol. LIII.
Contents.
PAQB
A TEACHER OF THE SPIRIT 427
CURRENTS AND EDDIES IN THE HOLIDAY
BOOK FLOOD. Percy F. Bicknell 429
CASUAL COMMENT 430
Gerhart Hauptmann's variety in unity. — Foggy
impressions of English authors.—Respect for literary
property.—What great authors pride themselves on.
— Genius and personality. — The demolition of a
famous library building. — Ancient Servian poetry.
—A Cervantes Museum.—A use for old schoolbooks.
—A hint from Quintilian. — The two latest French
Academicians. — The vigorous growth of library
catalogues.
COMMUNICATIONS 433
"The Peril of Externalism." An American Professor.
Culture and Socialism. B. R. Wilton.
MR. BENNETT VISITS AMERICA. Edith Kellogg
Dunton 435
CHAUCER IN PROSE. Clark S. Northup .... 436
AN ALBUM FROM GREEK AND ROMAN DAYS.
Fred B. B. Hellems 439
A DISCIPLE OF PATER. Charles H. A. Wager . . 442
ASPECTS OF SOUTH AMERICA. Julian Park . . 444
Bryce's South America.—Whitney's The Flowing
Road.— Bates's The Path of the Conquistadorcs.—
Van Dyke's Through South America.
HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS-1 446
Bullard's Historic Summer Haunts. — Marden's
Egyptian Days.—Thurston's The Flower of Gloster.
— Edwards's Marken and Its People. — Howell's
Around the Clock in Europe. — Mr. and Mrs. Hale's
Motor Journeys. — Chatterton's Through Holland in
the Vivette. — Hilton-Simpson's Land and Peoples
of the Kasai. — D'Auvergne's Switzerland in Sun-
shine and Snow. — Bradley's The Gateway of Scot-
land.— Allen's Burgundy, the Splendid Duchy.—
Jenkins's The Story of the Bronx. — Addison's The
Romantic Story of the Puritan Fathers. — Miss
Crawford's Romantic Days in the Early Republic.
— Mrs. Champney's Romance of the French Cha-
teaux.— Historic New York during Two Centuries.
— Mrs. Terhune's Colonial Homesteads and their
StorieR. — Eliza Calvert Hall's A Book of Hand-
woven Coverlets. — Miss Urlin's Dancing Ancient
and Modern.—Flitch's Modern Dancing and Dancers.
—Mr. and Mrs. Caffin's Dancing and Dancers of To-
day.— Fraprie's The Raphael Book. — Miss North-
end's Colonial Homes and Their Furnishings.—
Lahee's Grand Opera Singers of To-day. — Pennell's
Pictures of the Panama Canal.— Morris's William T.
Richards. — Maeterlinck's The Life of the Bee,
illustrated by E. J. Detroold. — Kipling's Kim,
holiday edition. — Merejkowski's The Romance of
Leonardo da Vinci, translated by Herbert Trench,
holiday edition. — Moir's The Life of Mansie Wauch,
illustrated by Charles Martin Hardie. — Hay's Pike
County Ballads, illustrated by N. C. Wyeth. —
Gautier's Works, new pocket edition. — Parnol's
The Broad Highway, illustrated by Charles E.
HOLIDA Y PUBLICATIONS —continued.
Brock. — New volumes in the Burlington Library. —
Rabelais's Works, illustrated by W. Heath Robin-
son.— Hyatt's The Charm of London and The
Charm of Venice. — Bryant's Yuletide Cheer. —
Miss Haines's A Book of Happiness. — McSpadden's
The Alps as Seen by the Poets. — Robinson's Bill
the Minder.—Mrs. Hutchinson's Our Country Life.—
Johnson's Childhood. — Flerawell's The Flower-
Fields of Switzerland. — Miss Wormeley's Illus-
trious Dames of the Court of the Valois Kings, and
The Ruin of a Princess, holiday editions. — Davis's
Myths and Legends of Japan. — Mrs. Pennell's Our
House, holiday edition. — Barbour's The Harbor of
Love. — Miss McCauley's The Garden of Dreams.
THE SEASON'S BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG ... 456
NOTES 461
TOPICS IN DECEMBER PERIODICALS .... 462
LIST OF NEW BOOKS 463
A TEACHER OF THE SPIRIT.
"A questioner, scrupulous yet hopeful, a
teacher of the spirit and doer from the heart,"—
such is the characterization of Charles Eliot
Norton given us by Mr. Edward Waldo Emerson
in his memorial address before the Archajolog-
ical Institute of America at the Toronto meet-
ing of 1908. This address, together with a
briefer one by Mr. William Fenwick Harris, is
now published in a tastefully made volume by
the Houghton Mifflin Co., and offers a welcome
foretaste of what awaits us when the official
biography of that great scholar and good citizen
shall at last see the light.
"The written word abides, yet sometimes
merely on shelves," once said Mr. Norton. It
was rather by the spoken word, reinforced by
the engaging personality of the speaker, that
Norton influenced his contemporaries, and made
them feel that he approached as closely as
was humanly possible to that ideal type of the
American gentleman which most of us cherish
in the secret chambers of the heart. To count-
less men of the younger generation he seemed
the ripe scholar, the wise counsellor, and the
perfect friend, who embodied all the virtues best
worth emulating, and his example stood forth as
the fine flower of the great democratic experi-
ment in which are centred the fairest hopes of
mankind. It will be difficult for a future gen-
eration to realize all that Norton meant to those
who were his contemporaries, and who were
mentally and spiritually fitted to appreciate


428
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
the unerring taste and unfailing sanity that
informed his outlook upon art and life. The
printed page has preserved only a fraction of
the utterances which constituted his influence,
and even those are so scattered, in periodicals
and in the books to which he contributed edi-
torial matter, as to be inconvenient of access.
No better service could be done the future than
that of collecting these fugitive pages, and in-
cluding them within the covers of two or three
volumes.
Of Norton's sincere kindness and unselfish
desire to be helpful, many instances are treas-
ured by those who knew him. The following
are given by Mr. Emerson:
"He kindly came to our little farming village, as
Concord was forty years ago, to tell us about Turner
in our Lyceum, and, unasked, not only brought ten of
Turner's water-color sketches and bade me hang them
in our public library for a week; but, hearing that two
or three boys and girls had tried to copy them, wrote
1 keep them a fortnight longer.' For a further instance
of his great generosity, let me record that once, hearing
of some one in Portland, Maine, who cared for Turner,
he packed up and sent several of his own pictures
thither. The great Portland fire came and destroyed
thei nil."
Mrf *Jarris gives us these further instances:
"professor George Herbert Palmer once told me a
charming story which well illustrates the desire to serve
and the kindliness of which I have spoken. In prepar-
ing the text for his edition of the poet whose name he
bears, Palmer found it necessary to use the first edition
of Herbert's works, but a copy was not to be had, although
Quaritch, who is supposed to find anything, was author-
ized to offer an extravagant price for it. Learning that
Norton possessed a copy, Palmer with some trepidation
ventured to ask if he might use it for a day or so. Mr.
Norton was leaving for his summer home at Ashfleld, but
nothing must do but Palmer should take the book for
the summer. When not in use the treasure was carefully
locked away in a safe, and was returned the day the
owner came back from Ashfleld. Mr. Norton listened
with great interest to Palmer's account of the profit he
had had from the book. Next morning the latter found
a neat packet in his hall, with a note to this effect in
Mr. Norton's exquisite handwriting:—
"' My Dear Palmer: I realized last night after you
had gone, that this book belongs to you rather than to
me. Will you please accept it?'
"Another story, one of many, illustrates the same
qualities. A young instructor in Cambridge was keenly
anxious to possess a certain book of rarity and price.
Norton had a oopy, and knew the younger man's desires.
Meeting the instructor one day upon the street, Norton
remarked quite casually, <I have just seen a copy of your
book at the Cooperative, and at a very reasonable price.'
No time was lost in the purchase. It was only long
afterwards that the happy possessor realized how strange
it was that such a book should be in such a place at
such a price."
These anecdotes serve to show how generously
he gave himself and his possessions to those who
were merely acquaintances or less than that.
How he gave himself to the elect among his
friends, to Ruskin and Carlyle and Clough and
Stephen and FitzGerald and Lowell, may be read
in the correspondence and journals of these men.
Truly he had, like such men as Stedman and
Howells, a genius for friendship.
Norton's undeviating advocacy of righteous-
ness in public affairs, fearlessly undertaken
when it meant opposition to popular clamor,
made him a mark for the criticism of mean and
malicious persons, and he suffered not a little
from their attacks. He was called un-American
because he championed the merit system in the
civil service, and opposed the spirit of imperial-
ism which so fatally undermined our national
principles after the war with Spain. He could
not "keep his ear to the ground," which he
characterized as " surely not the attitude most
favorable to catch the message from on high."
He was called a pessimist because he would not
admit that all was for the best in our triumph-
ant democracy, and "was impatient of optim-
ism, being too sensitive to the evils of his day,
public and private, and the dangers already
looming even over America as results of low
standards in politics, in trade, in culture, in con-
duct, to be content in waiting for things to work
out right in secular time." He was too passion-
ate an idealist to observe these tendencies in
silence. He lived in a time when, as he once
wrote to a friend, " the advocates of culture and
the maintenance of morality in politics find their
best type in Mrs. Partington. At any rate, let
us use our brooms as briskly as we can till the
tide quite drowns us out." He never lost his
faith in a spiritual purpose in the world, work-
ing "darkly, but O for good, for good," and
never expressed that faith more strikingly than
when, not long before his death, he told a friend
that " if his life were to be lived again, he should
like to live in Chicago, because he seemed to see
working there, through the vulgarity and com-
mercialism necessarily found in a young and
prospering American town, a power for good,
which would in time come to its own."
Mr. Harris, speaking of what Norton did for
archaeology, quotes a letter from Dr. Holmes re-
ferring to the work of the Archaeological Insti-
tute. "It is going to dig up some gods in Greece
— if it can get money enough. I suppose they
may be required in some quarters to supply an
apparent want." It was the "apparent want"
symbolized by the gods of Greece that Norton
made it his life work to attempt to supply —the
want of reason in our thinking, and righteous-


1912.]
429
THE DIAL
ness in our public and private conduct, and
beauty in our daily lives. Quoting Mr. Harris
once more:
"That standard of true excellence to which he ever
held himself, he insisted on for others, and men rallied
about him all over the country. The simple existence
of such a man with no private ends to serve, who is
always ready and willing to tell his fellows the truth,
and who does it clearly and unflinchingly, is a blessing
to a community, demanding for its ennobling influence
a gratitude that cannot be overpaid, stimulating and
leading men to high achievement, and maintaining those
qualities of dignity, of skill, and of high ideals which
were so conspicuous in his own personality."
CURRENTS AND EDDIES IN THE
HOLIDA Y BOOK FLOOD.
An attempt to write a treatise on the book harvest
of this holiday season, a harvest amounting to thou-
sands of different works, would inevitably leave the
writer filled with regret that he had not confined hie
attention to a small part of that bewildering whole,
or even to a single author or volume. The German
specialist who in his last years lamented that he had
not devoted his life to one of the Greek particles,
and not to them all, would have been scandalized at
the thought of undertaking a survey of the tons of
books that fall from the printing presses of the world
in a single season. Yet the making of a few notes
as one watches from a safe distance the yearly liter-
ary freshet may be permissible.
As usual, the great mass of this periodic flood is
composed of books written or compiled in an honest,
utilitarian, and wholly uninspired endeavor to pro-
duce something acceptable to the publisher and not
distasteful to the reader. Literary skill, scholarly
industry, abounding resourcefulness, and a keen
instinct for the timely and for what shall be at least
transiently interesting, with occasional revelations
of curious learning or unusual scholarship, are all
to be noted among the qualities contributing to the
salability of the printed product, to which also the
illustrator's art has added its welcome share in full
measure. This stupendous total of plodding literary
labor seems to be demanded, year after year, and the
patient workers are not wanting to the task. One
is reminded of that great majority among the bees
and ants which consists of toilers fitted for their
monotonous duties by certain expert manipulations
in the pre-natal stage whereby they are enabled to
perform their laborious part undistracted by the vivid
emotions and errant impulses necessary to ensure the
perpetuation of the race. Good workmanlike execu-
tion, without a gleam of inspiration, and with little
or nothing of striking originality, is what we find
in the great mass of printed matter issued in such
impressive bulk and with so agreeable an accompani-
ment of exterior ornamentation and pictorial illustra-
tion, as the annual holiday season approaches. Of
course no rule is without its conspicuous exceptions,
and so in the great company of holiday books there
are, first and last, not a few that deserve to live and
will live after the season for which they are immedi-
ately provided is over. Every writer of a Christmas
book is privileged to hope and does hope that his
work may prove to be of this enduring sort.
Ever recurring in the Yuletide literary output are
the volumes of apt selections pleasantly commemo-
rating the Christmas season. "Christmas with the
Poets," "Santa Claus in Song and Story," "The
Yule Log in Legend and Tradition"—under such
attractive titles appear, as surely as "Winter comes
to rule the varied year," a sufficient number of hand-
somely bound and illustrated volumes which show
off well on the drawing-room table and are gladly
picked up and looked through by the caller waiting
for my lady's appearance. Almost equally sure of
publication is the annual volume on happiness, either
a compilation from standard authors or an independ-
ent attempt to point the way to that elusive good
which all the world is ever seeking and rarely holding
in conscious possession. A considerable contribution
is also annually made to the "literary landmarks"
series, books showing diligent reading or at least
much careful examination of a host of authors, in the
search for topographical allusions or other matter
suitable for this class of literary geography. "Lon-
don in Literature," or "Paris in Poetry," < • "His-
toric Haunts in Hong Kong," may be taken a typical
forms of the title chosen for this rapidly "owing
series. Closely allied to it is the travel-book euriched
with literary references and quotations, a kind of
book that could be written without going outside the
four walls of one's library, and probably is some-
times so written,—arm-chair travels, in short, both
as to writer and reader.
At an appreciable remove from this general class
of geographic-literary works stands the never-failing
book of more or less matter-of-fact travel, a kind of
literature that in these days must be either descrip-
tive of strange lands, if there be any such still left, or
the chronicle of journeyings in familiar lands under
unusual conditions. "A Year with the Yookaghir
Tribes," as a hypothetic example, would seem to
promise more of novelty than "Our Summer in
Switzerland"; and "Ballooning in the Balkans" or
"Aeroplaning in the Andes" or "Across the Pacific
in a Canoe" should offer more excitement than "Six
Weeks in Europe" or "My Trip to Bermuda." The
Tailed Head-Hunters of Borneo, and other Head-
Hunters, presumably tailless, in the Philippines, have
recently excited some curiosity among hardy explor-
ers and novelty-seeking readers, and at least three
substantial volumes, one English and two American,
have very lately testified to this awakened interest.
Of country-life books and nature-study books the
already generous supply is this year still further
increased, but with some moderation of zeal on the
part of the so-called nature-fakirs. In the depart-
ment of reprints, the sumptuously-illustrated holiday
edition is every year becoming more conspicuous.
Striking and often beautiful cover-designs, such as
were unknown twenty years ago, and colored illus-


430
DIAL. [Dec. 1,
THE
trations, often astonishing in their combination of
gaudy hues, but of late showing marked artistic
improvement, make their vehement appeal to the
eye on every book-counter.
In the struggle for existence, a book published
in these crowded days often owes much of its suc-
cess or failure to its title. The invention of new and
striking book-titles is becoming daily more difficult,
though the rapid growth of our vocabulary helps to
relieve the embarrassment. A short and apt and
attention-compelling name every book that hopes for
popular success must have. A title in fifteen or
twenty lines, such as pleased our leisurely ancestors
would not now be tolerated. For brevity nothing
could well surpass the title of a current novel which
calls itself "Who?" Another is entitled "C Q,"
self-explanatory and briefer than "The Wireless
Man," which appears on the cover of another novel
of the season. Familiar and even stale by this time
is the title of which "The Rejuvenescence of Reh'o-
boam" (though there is no such book) may be taken
as the type. Not very dissimilar in form, and not
unsuccessful in its appeal to curiosity, is the actual
title, "The Woman of It." Among other rather
unusual book-names this year may be noted the
following,—" Cease Firing," " Why Women are So,"
"Do Something! Be Something!" "Around the
Clock in Europe," "Martha-by-the-Day," and, beau-
tifully descriptive of a collection of poems, "A Dome
of Many-Coloured Glass." Between "CQ"and
"Hevy News of an horryble Erthquake which was
in the Citie of Scarbaria, Morocco. In the present
yere of xlii. The xiii. day of June. And also how
that a Citie in Turky is sonke," there stretch nearly
three and three-quarters centuries of development in
the art of book-making and book-naming. Intoler-
ably long and wearisome and taxing to the memory
would those sixteenth-century book-titles be to us
now; and unendurably abbreviated and whimsical
and absurd would many of those of our day have
seemed to our great-great-great-grandfathers. What
book fashions, in respect to the minor details here
briefly touched upon, the next three or four centuries
shall develop, no man now living can even remotely
conjecture.
On the whole, the season's literary stream leaves
with the beholder sitting on the bank an impression
of surprising volume and a disposition to wonder
where all those tumbling waters will finally empty
themselves. Also an image remains of the fresh-
ness and sparkle of many a ripple on the flood's
surface, and at the same time a sense of calmer and
stronger currents underneath, with a consciousness
of the inevitable sediment that all great bodies of
flowing water carry along for a while until it settles
to its long rest on the ocean's bottom. And so
the literary, like the physiographic, circulation goes
ceaselessly on, year after year, bringing health and
happiness and renewed life, and insuring against
stagnation, mephitis, and their attendant ills.
Percy F. Bickneh,
CASUAL COMMENT.
Gerhaet Hauptmann's variety in unity is
emphasized by Professor Edward Everett Hale in
a study, contributed to the Boston "Transcript,"
of the German playwright to whom has just been
awarded the 1912 Nobel Prize for literature.
"Hauptmann is always Hauptmann," we are as-
sured, but his methods of expression have a Protean
diversity. "He does not, like some artists, grad-
ually develop a form, a manner, a style by which
we may know him. Zola perfects a method and a
theory; we need not say he is always alike, but
certainly his work is all of a piece. Henry James's
later work differs from his earlier, but it is all a
clear development and each step seems natural
enough in view of the one before. George Meredith
perfects his wonderful instrument and accustoms us
to it. It is not so with all. Stevenson was always
experimenting. One can never guess what Anatole
France will produce. The leading dramatists of our
day have usually held to a few resembling forma. . . .
Maeterlinck, it is true, has written all kinds of things.
But not even Maeterlinck has written in so many
forms as Hauptmann. Hauptmann himself adds to
the sense of diversity by giving curious names to his
dramatic forms, a social drama, a thieves' comedy,
a dream poem, a fairy tale play, a dramatic poem,
a glass-house fairy tale, a Berlin tragi-comedy—
these terms are not exactly the names of literary
forms, but they certainly signify very different
things." The writer finds, what perhaps few would
look for, points of resemblance between the subject
of his essay and Byron, and his study concerns itself
with various other matters of interest to admirers of
the German playwright.
• • ■
Foggy impressions of English authors are
possessed by even maturer students than the fifty
first-year college girls who, according to a writer
in "The School World," were subjected to a simple
test of their knowledge of the classic literature of
their own tongue, and were found surprisingly de-
ficient in the mere elements of the subject. A list
of writers was given, comprising Chaucer, Shake-
speare, Spenser, Ben Jonson, Milton, Dryden, Pope,
Dr. Johnson, Fielding, Coleridge, Wordsworth,
Byron, Keats, Scott, Jane Austen, Dickens, Thack-
eray, George Eliot, Rossetti, Matthew Arnold,
Tennyson, and Browning, and it was required to
place each in his or her half-century and name
one of each writer's works. The chronology of the
answers was amazing, Shakespeare being placed by
some as late as the last half of the eighteenth cen-
tury, and even in the first half of the nineteenth,
Milton anywhere from the thirteenth to the nine-
teenth, and Wordsworth and Tennyson as far back
as the sixteenth, with Chaucer ranging over nearly
the whole of the Christian era. But all the
girls were safe when it came to naming a work
by Shakespeare and one by Milton, while forty
were equally at home with their Chaucer, Scott, Ten-


1912.]
431
THE DIAL
Tennyson, Thackeray, Dickens, and George Eliot.
Thirty showed the same familiarity with Spenser,
Pope, and Wordsworth. But all these names were
on the list of college entrance requirements. Ben
Jonson, Fielding, and Rossetti, however, not being
on the list, were correctly placed by only three
girls. When it came to naming the authors of cer-
tain designated works, varying degrees of ignorance
were displayed, four-fifths of the students being able
to place the "Canterbury Tales," "Faerie Queene,"
"King Lear," "In Memoriam," and "The Mill on
the Floss," but only one knowing the authorship of
"Adonais," while other titles evoked a variety of
random guesses. What wonder that the critics
of our system of education charge us with encour-
aging vagueness and superficiality in the learner?
• • •
Respect for literary property prevails among
men and women of honor, and stays the hand from
plagiarism, piracy, the stealing of ideas, and similar
practices. There is also another kind of respect for
literary property, a respect that will bear further
cultivation, especially among frequenters of public
libraries. This respect, it will at once be surmised,
is the feeling that forbids the mutilation, defacement,
or theft of books, periodicals, or other reading mat-
ter provided by the library for public use and enjoy-
ment. Reference was recently made in these col-
umns to the indefensible practice of marking favorite
passages in books not one's own. Familiar to all is
the juvenile prank, which seems to the small person
so immensely clever and amusing, of writing on the
fly-leaf, or on an early page, "If my name you wish
to see, look on page two hundred and three," with
a similar rhyme on the designated page referring
the reader to another page, and so on until the circle
is complete, and the young vandal hugs himself with
glee at the thought of the seeker's fruitless search
for his (the vandal's) valuable autograph. No
amount of legislation, no system of police will ever
completely cure, or even very greatly diminish, evils
of this sort. A stub of a pencil, or a small pen-knife,
held concealed in the hand, can accomplish unlimited
mischief under the very eyes of the official in charge
of a reading-room or reference-room or other pub-
licly accessible department of a library, and to catch
the culprit red-handed is rarely possible. Of course
the remedy lies in a quickening of the public con-
science, a fostering of the sense of what is seemly,
a realization of the stupidity and brutishness of all
acts that disregard the rights of others. Travellers
in Japan tell of beautiful carved fences that border
the public road and yet remain permanently unmu-
tilated by destroying jack-knives. In this country
the carving on public fences is done by the ubiqui-
tous small boy, or even by the college student, and
takes chiefly the form of personal initials and the
Greek letters designating certain secret societies
that flourish in schools and colleges. Some day all
this sort of thing will be universally recognized as
"bad form," and as unallowable as a buffet below
the belt in a boxing-match—or at least we hope so.
What great authors pride themselves on
is by no means always their best writings, or even
their writings at all. What one does easily and
naturally and well has a way of seeming less admir-
able to the performer than a painfully and imper-
fectly executed piece of work for which he is not
suited. That is probably one reason why so many
authors and artists of assured fame have longed to
win laurels in walks of life to which their feet did
not naturally turn. In this connection it is interest-
ing to note a little peculiarity of Guy de Maupassant's
as recorded in a reminiscent article by an intimate
woman friend of his, in " La Grande Revue." He
was proud of his physical strength, says the writer,
and liked to speak about it; and she recalls his lift-
ing her by her belt and holding her at arm's length,
and also his walking laughingly across the room with
a heavy arm-chair in each hand. She even believes
he prided himself more on this muscular dexterity
than on his literary genius. This may remind the
reader of Dr. Holmes's unfeigned delight in the bits
of wood-work or cabinet-making with which he varied
the monotony of literary composition, keeping a set
of tools in one of his desk drawers for such recrea-
tional uses. The recent biography of Mark Twain
shows him to have prided himself on his mathemat-
ical talent, though he commonly arrived at an incor-
rect result in his laborious calculations. In one of
these self-imposed exercises in later life he figured
out his own pecuniary liabilities as twice what they
actually were, and passed a wakeful night in conse-
quence; but his delight on discovering his error in
the morning seems to have more than made up for
the loss of sleep. At another time we find him calcul-
ating the number of light-years separating us from
Alpha Centauri, and the figures, reproduced in fac-
simile, are certainly impressive, whatever other quali-
ties they may lack.
Genius and personality are rightly associated
together. The theory of impersonal genius, whereby
a great epic (like the "Iliad " or the " Odyssey ") can
come into being spontaneously without any assign-
able authorship, has by this time been pretty well ex-
ploded, although Wolf for a long while made the
greater part of the academic world believe that a
brew of commonplace minds could somehow, if left
to simmer long enough, take on the flavor of trans-
cendent genius. Those who have never allowed
themselves to be overawed or convinced by the array
of Teutonic learning in support of the conglomerate
authorship of Homer's poems can now congratulate
themselves as they see the learned world coming
around again to their own position. The first chapter
of Mr. Chamberlain's masterly book, "The Founda-
tions of the Nineteenth Century," contains some pas-
sages that will please them. The late Andrew Lang
was one of the sturdiest believers in Homer, and
also in Shakespeare. A posthumous work of his,
announced for publication, indicates by its table of
contents the attitude of the writer toward the anti-
Shakespeare school. "Shakespeare, Bacon, and the


432
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
Great Unknown " is the book's title, and its chapters
deal with the Baconian and anti-William positions,
the "silence " about Shakespeare, that impossible He,
the schooling of Shakespeare, Mr. Churton Collins
on Shakespeare's learning, contemporary recognition
of Will as an author, the later life of Shakespeare, the
preoccupations of Bacon, and other kindred topics.
Nevertheless, there will probably always be disbeliev-
ers in the Shakespearean authorship of the plays, just
as there will always be disbelievers in the rotundity
of the earth. . . .
The demolition of a famous library build-
ing will begin about Christmas time, when Gore Hall
will have ceased to shelter the library of Harvard
University and will yield place to the magnificent
structure given by Mrs. Widener in memory of her
son, Harry E. Widener (Harvard '07), who at his
death in the wreck of the "Titanic" left his fine
collection of books to his alma mater. The removal
of the books from Gore Hall has for some time been
going on at the rate of about fifty thousand volumes
a week; but as the entire library numbers somewhat
over a million volumes (though not all housed to-
gether) the work of transfer to temporary quarters
in other college buildings is no speedy process. It
was to the generosity of Christopher Gore, seventh
governor of Massachusetts, that Harvard owed its
once greatly-admired library buildingwhich was first
occupied in 1841, fourteen years after Gore's death
and his bequest of two hundred thousand dollars to
the college in Cambridge. In those intervening years
the corporation had deliberately and wisely deter-
mined to erect a building that should be fire-proof
and "in material and architecture an enduring mon-
ument to the memory of the most munificent of all
the benefactors of the University; . . . since the
security, the capacity, and the means of convenient
arrangement and display which such a building
affords would be among the more powerful induce-
ments to intelligent and liberal minds to contribute
toward filling its alcoves and enlarging its useful-
ness." In the short space of a quarter-century what
had seemed so vast an emptiness was crowded with
books, and ever since then, despite additions to the
structure, the congestion has been growing more pro-
nounced. It is pleasant to learn that the name and
memory of Christopher Gore will be perpetuated in
one of the three freshmen dormitories about to arise
on the bank of the Charles River, somewhat apart
from the main group of university buildings.
Ancient Servian poetry is of a richness and
beauty suspected by few. One of the marked char-
acteristics of this gallant people that has been so
sturdily contending for its national independence is
its imagination, its poetic temperament, as Professor
Pupin of Columbia University, honorary Servian
consul at New York, is reported recently as saying.
It is wonderful and admirable that a race deprived
of education during five centuries of Moslem oppres-
sion, and robbed of all knowledge of its ancient liter-
ary language, should still be able to preserve in the
form of folklore and verse of extraordinary beauty
the details of every important event in its history.
Goethe is said to have learned the old Servian tongue
in order to gain access to this rich mine of native
poetry so little worked by scholars and writers, though
it appears that the University of Vienna has ately
caused several hundred thousand lines of this poetry
to be translated into German. The Servian minstrel,
old and blind, perhaps, or supporting himself on
crutches, is a not unfamiliar sight, making his way
with his one-stringed lute from place to place and
singing to the peasants the brave deeds of their fore-
fathers. It is not strange, by the way, that the peo-
ple object to being called Servians, which suggests
a derivation from the Latin servus, a slave. They
wish to be known as free and independent Serbs.
A Cervantes Museum has been established, or
at least started, at Valladolid, where the house
once occupied by the author of "Don Quixote,"
together with the two adjoining houses, has been
bought by King Alfonso out of his private purse,,
and Cervantes relics and souvenirs will there be col-
lected and preserved. As in Homer's case, seven
cities have contended for the honor of having given
to the world the greatest of Spanish writers, but
Valladolid is not one of these seven. Soon after
the beginning of the seventeenth century Cervantes
is believed to have lived there a few years and to-
have written there a part of his most famous
work, whose first publication dates back to 1605.
AlcaW de Henares, as everyone knows, is the for-
tunate city now conceded to have given birth to this
great contemporary of our Shakespeare. The tradi-
tion of their dying both on the same day one likes to-
regard as history and to set side by side with the famil-
iar story of the almost simultaneous death of Adams-
and Jefferson—though apart from the element of1
curious coincidence there is nothing to connect the
two traditions. . . .
A use for old schoolbooks which might other-
wise be thrown into the fire or on the rubbish heap-
should be brought to the attention of those whose
attics are rich in these interesting reminders of the
little red schoolhouse or the old-fashioned village
academy. The United States Bureau of Education
is forming what it hopes will be the best pedagogical
library in the world; indeed, it already is the best,
containing about seventy thousand volumes on the
subject of education, and eighty thousand pam-
phlets, reports, periodicals, and other miscellaneous
matter not in bound book form, all freely accessible
to the public and, under certain restrictions, open to
general circulation. The department of school text-
books in the principal European languages neces-
sarily has many yawning gaps, and it is in the hope
of reducing these gaps that Commissioner Glaxton
asks for gifts of such old books of this class as may
be lurking unused and unregarded in dusty lofts
and obscure corners. The Government has- always
been liberal in its policy of sending out its publica-
tions wherever desired, and it now hopes the people


1912.]
433
THE
DIAL
will respond with like generosity in helping to equip
the educational library with such material of the
above-named sort as may be available.
A'hint from Quintilian, whose "Institutiones
Ora*3 Mae" are not now much read even by classical
students, is conveyed to those desirous of perfecting
their ftterary style and enlarging their vocabulary,
by a writer in the current "Hibbert Journal" who
makes a study of ancient and modern methods of
education, with the Roman rhetorician for a text.
After quoting Quintilian's advice to read the ancient
Latin authors, first because they supply a fine liter-
ary vocabulary, and secondly because they are models
in the arrangement of their matter so as to instruct
and inform by orderly sequence and not by clever
phrase-making alone, the writer continues: "Quin-
tilian's lesson for us to-day, then, would be—Receive
gratefully the large heritage of language which you
have received from your literary predecessors, and
study it by progressive stages, and employ its vocab-
ulary when occasion requires. If an old word ex-
isted in English—say in Elizabethan times — hold
by that word, or re-introduce it, rather than some
modern catchword spawned by slang or perverted
from Cockney French." Or, to put this more briefly
in our own words (and Milton's), cultivate the habit
of avoiding such terms and phrases as would have
made Quintilian stare and gasp.
The two latest French Academicians, Gen-
ei-al Lyautey, conqueror of Morocco, and Professor
Emile Boutroux, philosopher and author of "Le Moi
Subliminal" and other works, including a notable
preface to the French edition of William James's
"Varieties of Religious Experience," present a pleas-
ing contrast to the mind's eye and illustrate in their
dissimilar personalities the broad catholicity of judg-
ment that, in this instance at least, has placed them
both among the Immortals. Yet it should not be
inferred that lleneral Lyautey is exclusively a man
of arms and of warlike deeds. He handles the
pen, it appears, with as much dexterity as the
sword. Two articles of his in the "Revue des
Deux Mondes " (one entitled "Du R6le Colonial de
l'Armee," the other, "Du ROle Social de l'Officier")
have won warm praise, and, apart from their sub-
stance, are said to be well worth reading "merely
as literature." Professor Boutroux's early work on
"The Contingency of Natural Laws," his thesis for
the doctor's degree in 1874, was a vigorous assault
on the then prevalent doctrine of determinism, and
it marked him as a thinker of originality and force.
■ • •
The vigorous growth of library catalogues,
their rapid increase in physical dimensions, especially
when they take the form of card-catalogues, as they
commonly, and wisely, now do, is something rather
disturbing to the mental peace of a librarian already
cramped for space in the upbuilding of the institu-
tion under his charge. Some one has facetiously
forecast the time when the card-catalogues of the
Boston Public Library and the Harvard Library
will meet on the bridge over the Charles (known as
the Harvard bridge) and special conveyances will
be provided for those desiring to consult distant
drawers in this five-mile catalogue of the two famous
collections. But even the compactness of a printed
catalogue does not by any means make a large li-
brary's catalogue a volume for the pocket. This is
forcibly brought to mind by an announcement from
the State University of Iowa (in a neat little " Hand-
book of the Library ") that it "has just strengthened
its bibliographical collection by the addition of the
British Museum catalog of printed books,"—a work
extending to some ninety large volumes and still
growing. The contemplation of those serried ranks
brings home to one the truth of that hackneyed
quotation from "Ecclesiastes," xn., 12.
COMMUNICATIONS.
"THE PERIL OF EXTERNALISM."
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
I beg your permission to file my objections to your
recent editorial on "The Peril of Externalism," based
upon a recent paper by Professor Joseph Jastrow on
"The Administrative Peril in Education." What you
say, and what Professor Jastrow has said, is what has
been said by others. But it seems to me to lack founda-
tion in fact,— or at least, it represents a widespread
state of things from which there are many exceptions.
It may be true that "externalism," as you term it, fails
to attract strong men to the profession of teaching and
that it does not foster a vigorous intellectual life in our
universities. It is true that there are institutions with-
out strong men and with conditions hampering to free-
dom of thought and expression. But is this due solely
or chiefly to the method of administration? And it is
true also that there are institutions manned by robust
scholars who enjoy complete freedom. The latter group
may be smaller than the former, but it exists. I speak
from intimate personal knowledge, for I have had the
honor of holding a chair in an institution of this high
character for nearly a quarter of a century. And yet
this institution is governed by a self-perpetuating board
of trustees; it has a president who does not hesitate to
exercise authority; and its administration seems to con-
form to the method you hold to be harmful. In theory
the ultimate power over everything is absolutely in the
hands of the trustees; and sovereignty must be lodged
somewhere. In practise every one of the separate schools
has its own faculty and is expected to control its own
internal affairs. The department to which I belong is
substantially autonomous; that is to say that we recom-
mend men for vacant chairs and for promotion, our
recommendations being always accepted by the presi-
dent and by the trustees who also deal with us as liberally
as the finances of the university will permit. In theory
this may be autocracy; in practise it is democracy.
I find in your article this quotation from Professor
Jastrow:
"Prosperity is statistically measured; hence the desire
for more buildings and costly ones; for more instructors,
many of them occupied in work that the college should re-
quire and not provide; and more and more students who must
be attracted toward the local Athenopolis and away from the
rival one; accordingly the hills are all reduced to easy grades
and new democratic (not royal) roads to learning are laid out


434
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL,
for those who do not like the old ones. Requirements are set
not to what collegians shonld learn bnt to what they will; as
at the circus the strip of bunting is held ostentatiously high
until the horse with its fair burden is about to jump, when it is
inconspicuously accommodated to the possible performance."
Again I admit that there may be institutions of this
sort; but if they exist, I should like to know their
names. I think that the time has come for a bill of par-
ticulars. I crave more specification and less declamation.
At the institution which I know best the conditions are
the reverse of this. Buildings continue to be erected,
provided always by special gift and never out of the free
funds of the corporation. Students also increase in
numbers, but not as a result of any lowering of stand-
ards. On the contrary, these standards have been
steadily raised in the several professional schools, every
one of which now requires two or three years of college
work as a prerequisite for admission, and every one of
which is making severer demands upon the students
after they are admitted. In the college itself there has
been a steady improvement in the students; they work
now, most of them, as very few of my classmates worked
when I was an undergraduate. They are alert, intelli-
gent, interested. They are in fact the exact opposite of
those described in another passage that you quote from
Professor Jas trow:
"Students have no intellectual interests, no applications,
no knowledge of essentials, no ability to apply what they
assimilate; they are flabby, they dawdle, they fritter and
frivol, they contemn the grind, they seek proficiency in stunts,
they drift to the soft and circumvent the hard; undertrained
and overtaught, they are coddled and spoon-fed and served
where they should be serving; and they get their degrees for a
quality of work which in an office would cost them their jobs."
I have visited a score of American colleges east and
west; and nowhere have I met undergraduates of this
type. If Professor Jastrow actually knows a single
institution harboring such creatures, he owes it to the
cause of education in the United States to step forward
frankly and let us know its name.
November 20,1912. An American Professor.
CULTURE AND SOCIALISM.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
While every thoughtful reader of the editorial in
your last issue must agree with Dr. Andrews as to the
present condition of our spiritual health, I venture to
think that there are many who will take decided excep-
tion to much of his reasoning.
In the first place, a conception of culture narrowed
down to an " appreciation of the non-economic values"
leaves something to be desired. There have been, and
are to-day, persons of not wholly contemptible intellect
who maintain that ethical and aesthetic values are
almost inseparably interwoven with economic and social
values,— that, indeed, the advance of economic forces
has always been the base of cultural and religious
no less than of political and social progress. But even
disregarding this view, is it anything less than ludicrous
to look for "appreciation of the non-economic values"
in a civilization such as ours is to-day where economic
values are so all-pervading and all-powerful?
Dr. Andrews is quite obviously a thorough-going indi-
vidualist, and as such it is no doubt comforting to him
to think of socialism as a rigid economic theory standing
rooted to-day where it stood a half-century ago,— being
of those who, as Miss Scudder says, "And it more con-
venient and more consonant with prejudices of which
they are unaware, to accept the blatantly materialistic
tone of some current socialism at face value as represen-
tative of the whole movement." Socialism, to him, is
"a crusade against the highlands of men's life in the
supposed interest of the bog"; "it is essentially a
gospel of materialism, and its root appeal is to greed";
it would "build forth the social body utterly without
regard to heterogeneity." Now I think it is no less
than the truth to say that socialism, as the majority of
its adherents understand it to-day, is the exact and
polar opposite of all these things. It is, if it is any-
thing at all, a crusade to rescue mankind from the bog,
and give him his chance at the highlands; instead of
being a gospel of greed, it is an organized revolt against
greed; free play for the development of heterogeneity
is one of its primary and basic purposes.
Except in the consciousness of a few irreconcilable!,
the old warfare between socialism and individualism is
in fact at an end. Few things are more clear to an open
and rational mind than that not only are the two con-
ceptions not antagonistic, but that each is essential and
complementary to the other. As Oscar Wilde remarked,
over twenty years ago, socialism is of value simply be-
cause it leads to individualism. "We socialize what we
call our physical life," says Mr. Havelock Ellis, "in
order that we may attain greater freedom for what we
call our spiritual life." The class-conscious revolution-
ary socialism of Karl Marx is to-day as obsolete as the
violent, almost insane individualism of his contemporary,
Max Stirner. In the place of these we now have a great
far-reaching system of social moralization and regenera-
tion that promises to every individual a rational hope of
freedom and self-realization.
If we reject that hope, what other is there? Perhaps
it should be sufficient for us to know, as a writer in your
last issue tells us, that " reason is slowly but surely work-
ing out its triumph over unreason in the ordering of
human affairs," and we should rest content in the con-
templation of that automatic and beautiful process. But
there are some persons, like Mr. Wells, who prefer not
to wait, who prefer doing what they can to hasten mat-
ters along a bit. And even were we all to wait, in serene
and confident inaction, what would become of culture
meanwhile? For as surely as it is impossible to gather
grapes from thorns and figs from thistles is it impossible
that sound culture should spring from the conditions of
economic restraint and social wrong in which we live.
What William Morris said of art is equally true of all
cultural activity,—" it has no chance of a healthy life,
or, indeed, of a life at all, till we are on the way to fill
up the terrible gulf between riches and poverty." And
until that gulf is filled, what ethical right have any of
us, however exempt from the common lot our own lives
happen to be, to devote ourselves to the concerns of
abstract culture? We know what choice Ruskin and
Tolstoy and Morris made when it came to a decision
between cloistered culture and social warfare; and in
the aggravated conditions of our own day, their choice
is far more emphatically incumbent upon us.
Nowadays " there is wide remission of enthusiasm for
humanity," thinks Dr. Andrews. He is doubtless right;
but such enthusiasm for humanity as does exist will b*
found in largest part among those who, whether or not
they call themselves socialists, are yet fighting the good
fight for all that present-day socialism represents and
embodies. And until that fight is won, it is idle to look
for anything other than a constantly accelerating decline
of culture. g r Wilton.
Milwaukee, Wis., November 22,1912.


1912.]
435
THE DIAL
Mk. Bennett Visits America.*
Quite as extraordinary as Mr. Arnold Ben-
nett's delicate and masterly manipulation of one
type of fiction is his facility at any sort of lit
erary work. He has edited a woman's magazine
with success and relish. He can turn out a best-
seller with dispatch, and a play with inconceiv-
able celerity. His advice to the man in the
street on the conservation of leisure moments
has exactly that happy mingling of commonplace
and suggestiveness that the man in the street
craves.
And so, when Mr. Bennett visited America
last winter, to see and to be seen, it was inevi-
table that his retrospective impressions should
be promptly forthcoming, as promised; and that
they should be, in quality, competent, spicy, of
a carefully measured depth and a carefully
determined cogency. Being of a highly unemo-
tional temperament, Mr. Bennett never over-
reaches himself. Everything that he has written,
including " Your United States," is a completely
unified product. When Mr. Bennett decides to
skim the surface of an experience, he does so
thoroughly and with deftness, without illusions
about the importance of his occupation, and with
no disconcerting dips below or flights above to
mar the symmetry of his achievement. In short,
Mr. Bennett has a feeling for "key " that, in
the almost appalling variety of his literary pro-
duct, keeps each group peculiarly distinct and
makes it very difficult to amalgamate them all
in any general estimate of the man. Taken
individually, you may scorn all his works;
but, as the psychological phenomenon that pro-
duced them, Mr. Bennett is truly to be won-
dered at.
"Your United States" is naturally under-
taken in lighter mood. Mr. Bennett's stay
among us was of the briefest. In due course
he visited New York, Boston, Chicago, Phila
delphia, Washington, and Indianapolis,—which
latter city he refers to unquestionably as at pres-
• ent our chief literary centre. Everywhere that
he went, but particularly in Indianapolis, he had
friends—old friends, that is, besides the enthu-
siastic crowds of would-be acquaintance that
beset his path. Under their efficient guidance
he savoured the quality of our hotels and our
* Youb United States. Impressions of a First Visit.
By Arnold Bennett. Illustrated. New York: Harper <fe
Brothers.
home life, travelled, and went sight-seeing,—
except in Washington, where, escaping from
control, he insisted upon " doing " the Capitol
building in thirty minutes, as a slight but suit-
able retaliation upon Americans for their cur-
sory treatment of the sacred sights of Europe.
Mr. Bennett was so exhausted by this magnifi-
cent feat that he refused to look at anything
more in Washington save such of the streets
and avenues of the city as he could view peace-
fully from the "sea-going hack " that had taken
him to the Capitol.
Now it is rather difficult to believe that the
sophisticated and brilliant Mr. Bennett, sea-
soned resident of London and Paris, and familiar
of other European capitals, found the diversion
that he professes in his "Cook's view " of Wash-
ington, just as it is difficult to believe that he
was as completely overwhelmed as he would
appear by the glories of the "Lusitania," or as
bewildered by the crookedness of Boston; that
he stood awe-struck before Lowell's study
windows, was thrilled with romantic wonder in
a Chicago mail-order house, or was "positively
intoxicated" by the glorious spectacle of Fifth
Avenue at its finest. In other words, we are
inclined to write down the best parts of Mr.
Bennett's American impressions as very clever,
very entertaining,—and entirely fictitious. It
is only one more case of the Bennett astuteness.
"Who," thought he, "would see this America
most interestingly? Why, surely the provincial
Englishman with an imagination — that same
fellow whose romantic impressions of London
(under my signature) have lately delighted the
readers of a certain British weekly." It is one
of Mr. Bennett's cleverest tricks,—this ability
to assume naivete convincingly, to sketch bril-
liant pastels, emanating romance and mystery,
of city streets, grand hotels, gay restaurants,
straggling suburbs; to make life seem as color-
ful and wonderful and mystically idealistic as
it is to the perennial heart of youth. After all,
what Mr. Bennett frankly and soberly thought
about America has probably often been thought
and said before. Indeed there are pages and
chapters in his book to prove this—bits that he
might well have given to the greedy interviewers
who swooped down upon him even before he
had landed on our shores. It is surely a matter
for gratification that Mr. Bennett's book is not
merely an extended interview.
The essential quality of the impressions may
be caught, as well as anywhere, from the account
of Mr. Bennett's first sight of New York — be-
ginning after he had entered a "rickety and con-


436
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
fined taxi," and mistaken a policeman, "flashing
forth authority, gaiety, and utter smartness,"
for an archduke. Mr. Bennett continues:
"The rest of the ride was an enfevered phantas-
magoria. We burst startingly into a very remarkable
deep glade — on the floor of it long and violent surface-
cars, a few open shops and bars with commissionaires
at the doors, vehicles dipping and rising out of holes in
the ground, vistas of forests of iron pillars, on the top
of which ran deafening, glittering trains, as on a tight-
rope; above all that, a layer of darkness; and above the
layer of darkness enormous moving images of things in
electricity — a mastodon kitten playing with a ball of
thread, an umbrella in a shower of rain, siphons of soda-
water being emptied and filled, gigantic horses galloping
at full speed, and an incredible heraldry of chewing-
gum. . . . Sky-signs! In Europe I had always in-
veighed manfully against sky-signs. But now I bowed
the head, vanquished. . . . 'You must not expect me
to talk,' I said."
Of course much criticism and opinion is neces-
sarily included, incidentally to the narration of
such experiences as this. Mr. Bennett does not,
for instance, admire our sky-scrapers except as
symbols; he dislikes our restaurants, abhors our
Pullman cars, and sharply arraigns the vaunted
luxury of our Limited trains; he discounts our
sporting spirit, though he approves the technique
of our national game; he lauds our standard of
domestic comfort in home and hotel; he finds
hopeful signs in our theatres, a lack of the finest
public spirit in our citizens; and, finally, he dis-
covers "the essential America" in "the long,
calm streets" of Indianapolis, maple-shaded and
set with the homes of the solid middle class.
Perhaps it was because Mr. Bennett unex-
pectedly discovered the essential America in
Indianapolis that he cut short his intended and
well-advertised progress to our Western coast;
or perhaps the terrifically swaying sleeping cars
deterred him from penetrating beyond Chicago.
Whatever the reason, the event was fortunate.
The real Mr. Bennett might have been enter-
tained and even edified by the sight of other
phases of the essential America,— phases less
calm and ordered than the streets of Indianap-
olis, which house, we are told, Victorian ladies
and old silver tea-things, besides important lit-
erary pretensions. But there was ample material
east of the Mississippi to provide Mr. Bennett,
the author, with romantic adventure, unhappy
disillusionment, not too poignant to hold possi-
bilities of humor, and a vivid impression of
native traits, culminating on the maple-shaded
streets of Indianapolis. More of our United
States would have been superfluous.
Mr. Frank Craig's pictures are as " smart" as
Mr. Bennett's text, from which they seem to have
caught the prevailing note of genial, inconse-
quent picturesqueness. They give the book
somewhat the appearance of a clever society-
novel—an appearance not wholly misleading.
Edith Kellogg Dunton.
Chaucer in Prose.*
Why should we modernize Chaucer to-day?
Was not Landor right in holding such a project
to be futile? "I would rather see Chaucer
quite alone," he wrote, "in the dew of his sunny
morning, than with twenty clever gentlefolks
about him, arranging his shoestrings and but-
toning his doublet. I like even his language.
I will have no hand in breaking his dun but
richly-painted glass to put in (if clearer) much
thinner panes." In Landor's time, moreover,
when early English was more like a foreign
tongue than it is to-day, there was greater need
of a rendering into the modern idiom than at
present, when the Globe Edition provides a text
not difficult to read after a slight acquaintance
with the language of the fourteenth century.
The public, however, has taken a different
view of the question. For two centuries it has
eagerly bought and presumably read good, bad,
and indifferent imitations and translations of
various parts of Chaucer's works. The long list
of modernizers is virtually headed by Dryden,
who in his "Fables" (1700) included para-
phrases of "The Knight's Tale," "The Nun's
Priest's Tale," "The Wife of Bath's Tale,"
and the character of the Parson. Dryden's
work found great favor throughout the cen-
tury; as late as 1787 Walpole remarked that
he loved Chaucer better in Dryden and Busk-
er villi- r than in his [Chaucer's] own dress and
language. Closely following Dryden came Pope
with his "January and May" (1709), his
"Wife of Bath's Prologue" (1714), and his
"Temple of Fame," based on "The House of
Fame" (1715) — all polished, artificial, and
distorted renderings — one had better say per-
versions— of their genuinely simple and natural
originals. The year 1712 saw the publication
of Betterton's version of "The Reeve's Tale"
and of most of the Prologue, together with-
Samuel Cobb's "Miller's Tale." The most
•The Modern Reader's Chavcer. The Complete
Poetical Works of Geoffrey Chaucer. Now First Put into
Modern English by John S. P. Tatlock and Percy MacKaye.
Illustrations by Warwick Goble. New York: The Macmillan
Co.
tl suppose Walpole means that he read Dryden's" Fables"
in the "Select Fables of Esop and Other Fabulists" printed
by John Baskerville for the Dodsleys in 1761, second edition
1764; but 1 have not seen this work.


1912.J
437
THE
DIAL
ambitious of these Chaucerian undertakings,
however, was that of George Ogle, who in 1741
published, in three volumes, "The Canterbury
Tales Modernized by Several Hands," the heroic
couplet being used throughout. Poor as some
of these readings were, a second edition of the
book was issued in 1742 and a third in 1795,
the latter edited by William Lipscomb. Words-
worth modernized "The Prioress' Tale" (1801,
published in 1821) and "The Manciple's Tale,"
though he never published the latter. Lord
Thurlow's "Arcita and Palemon" (1822) went
into a second edition. Leigh Hunt translated
"The Squire's Tale" twice (1823, 1841), and
also modernized " The Pardoner's Tale," "The
Friars Tale," and "The Manciple's Tale."
Charles Cowden Clarke's " Riches of Chaucer"
(1835) remained popular throughout the cen-
tury, being three times reprinted. A century
after Ogle came Richard Hengist Home with
his "Poems of Chaucer Modernized," to which
contributions were made by Wordsworth, Leigh
Hunt, and Elizabeth Barrett, and which was
partially reproduced by J. P. Briscoe as late as
1901. Saunders's edition of "The Canterbury
Tales" (1845) has been reprinted at least
four times. In 1870 two renderings of "The
Canterbury Tales" were published: Frederick
Clarke's did not go beyond the first volume,
but that of Purves, including several others of
Chaucer's poems, was twice reprinted. The late
Professor Skeat in his last years translated at
least ten of " The Canterbury Tales," "The Le-
gend of Good Women," "The Romaunt of the
Rose," and the minor poems. Mr. MacKaye
himself published in 1904 the version of the
Prologue and ten tales which is here, we believe,
reproduced; and that this volume had a good
sale may be inferred from the fact that he
now joins with Professor Tatlock in bringing out
the first modern English rendering of Chaucer's
complete works. Many other modernizers are
mentioned by Miss Hammond in her bibli-
ography; and it is evident that there was a
demand for the work of these mediators or
middle-men — since the poorest of it seems to
have been welcomed by the public*
If we are to have a modernization of Chaucer,
let it be in prose. We doubt if the genius exists
or ever will arise who could even remotely sug-
gest, continuously and for any length of time,
in a contemporary verse rendering, the tone and
flavor of Chaucer's poetry. It is hard enough
•For an elaborate criticism of several of these modern-
izers one should consult Professor Lounsbnry's entertaining
"Studies in Chaucer," iii. 154-240.
to put any early poet into modern verse, since
the shifting of the accent toward the beginning
of words has ruined the language from the point
of view of facility in rhyme. In spite of this
handicap some have, to be sure, rendered parts
of Chaucer in readable verse; but their attempts
have not come much nearer to being Chaucer
than Pope's "Iliad" came to being Homer. A
quotation or two may illustrate our point. Here
is Troilus's prayer to Cupid when he finds that
Criseyde has departed (v. 582 ff.):
"Than thoughte he thus: 'O blisful Lord Cupide,
Whan I the proces have in my memorie,
How thou me hast werrey'd on every side,
Men might a book make of it, lik a storie!
What nede is thee to seke on me victorie,
Sin I am thyn, and hoolly at thy wille?
What joye hast thou thine owne folk to spille?
«< Wei hastow, Lord, ywroke on me thyn ire,
Thou mighty God, and dredful for to grovel
Now merc