great works. In 1834,
however, he gave careful instructions about publishing
it in due time. It scarcely disguises even the names of
Whate'er of woe the dark may hide in womb
For England, mother of kings of battle and song -
the personages whom he had in mind. He says him-
Be it rapine, racial hate's mysterious wrong,
self: I have followed a usage of painters which I find
Blizzard of Chance, or fiery dart of Doom -
amusing, and have worked from models.' The result
Let breath of Avon, rich of meadow-bloom,
is keen enough, at this late date, to verify the forebod-
Bind her to that great daughter severed long
ings of the author, who also left in his directions: Care
To near and far-off children young and strong -
must be taken to remove every allusion that would be
With fetters woven of Avon's flower-perfume.
too clear and make of the book a satire. Vinegar is
Welcome, ye English-speaking pilgrims, ye
Whose hands around the world are joined by him,
good, but mixed with cream it makes a detestable dish.'
Who make his speech the language of the sea,
Even so, it has been found necessary to suppress cer-
Till winds of Ocean waft from rim to rim
tain things which might come home to the children of
The breath of Avon : let this great day be
those whom Stendhal desired to castigate for the part
A Feast of Race no power shall ever dim.
taken in the politics of the First Empire and the
Restoration. It makes up what the scientific jargon,
From where the steeds of Earth's twin oceans toss so much in vogue in France at present, calls a physi-
Their manes around Columbia's chariot-way-
ology of the first part of the century; and like all of
From where Australia's long blue billows play-
this author's work, it consists mainly of leaves from the
From where the morn, quenching the Southern Cross, autobiography of Henri Beyle (of whom Stendhal was
Startling the frigate-bird and albatross
only a pseudonym). In over 500 pages it pursues the
Asleep in air, breaks over Table Bay
answer to the initial question put before its hero by his
Come hither, Pilgrims, where these rushes sway
'Tween grassy banks of Avon soft as moss!
father, Will you be knave enough to be employed in
And, if ye found the breath of Ocean sweet,
politics ?'”
Sweeter is Avon's earthy, flowery smell,
CURIOSITIES OF ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION.
Distilled from roots that feel the coming spell
A recent book of reminiscences by Mr. Frankfort
Of May, when all the flowers that loved him meet
Moore, a London journalist, furnishes the following
In meadows that, remembering Shakespeare's feet,
Hold still a dream of music where they fell.
amusing instances of “ English as she is pronounced " by
the occasional Irishman:
Theodore Watts in The Athenaeum.
Stratford-on-Avon, April 23.
“ It may be remembered that ten or eleven years ago
the late Mr. Dion Boucicault was obliging enough to
offer to give a lecture to English actors on the correct
The following “literary parable” is contributed to pronunciation of their mother-tongue. The offer was,
“ The Writer" by Miss Harriet Cushman Wilkie : I suppose, thought too valuable to be neglected, and it
“One spring morning a farmer knocks at the kitchen was arranged that the lecture should be delivered from
door of a city house, with a basket of fresh-laid eggs the stage of the Lyceum Theatre. A more interesting
for sale. The mistress expresses delight at obtaining and amusing function I have never attended. It was
them, declaring, however, that it is her invariable cus clear that the lecturer had formed some very definite
tom to pay for articles after they have appeared on her ideas as to the way the English language should be
table, and then only such a price as she thinks fit. Ex spoken; and his attempts to convey these ideas to his
pecting an early settlement under those conditions, and audience were most praiseworthy. His illustrations of
being in need of cash for the interest on the mortgage the curiosities of some methods of pronouncing words
on his farm, the man accepts the lady's terms and de were certainly extremely curious. For instance, he com-
parts. Week after week and month after month go by, plained bitterly of the way the majority of English ac-
but no payment is made for the eggs. When he calls tors pronounced the word • war.' Ye pronounce the
at the house to inquire, the maid informs him that her ward as if it wuz spelt w-a-u-g-h,' said the lecturer
mistress bids her say that the great variety of seasonable gravely. •Ye don't pronounce it at all as ye shud.
articles of food has prevented the use of the eggs, but The ward rhymes with “par," " are," and “kyar," and
that she hopes very soon to find a place for them on yet ye will pronounce it as if it rhymed with “saw” and
her menu.
In the autumn the farmer is surprised to paw." Don't ye see see the diffurnce ?' We do,
A LITERARY PARABLE.


1894.]
315
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
(The following list, embracing 75 tities, includes all books
received by THE DIAL since last issue.!
grass,” not
we do!' cried the audience; and, thus encouraged by
the ready acquiescence in his pet theories, the lecturer
went on to deal with the gross absurdity of pronounc-
ing the word “grass,' not to rhyme with • lass,' which of
course was the correct way, but almost -- not quite
as if it rhymed with laws. The ward is “
“graws, ," said our lecturer. It grates on a sinsitive
ear like mine to hear it misprenounced. Then ye
will
never be injuced to give the ward “Chrischin” its thrue
value as a ward of three syllables; ye'll insist on calling
it “Christyen,” in place of “Chrischin.” D’ye persave
the diffurnce ?' We do, we do!' cried the audience.
• Ay, and ye talk about “ soots” of gyarments, when ev-
erybody knows that ye shud say “shoots”; ye must
give the full valye to the letter “u”_there's no double
o in a shoot of clothes. Moreover, ye talk of the mim-
bers of the polis force as “cunstables,” but there's no
“u” in the first syllable -it's an “0," and it shud be
prenounced to rhyme with “gone,” not with “gun."
Then I've heard an actor who shud know better say, in
the part of Hamlet, “wurds, wurds, wurds"; instead
of giving that fine letter“o” its full value. How much
finer it sounds to pronounce it as I do, “wards, wards,
wards”! But when I say that I've heard the ward
“pull” prenounced not to rhyme with “ dull,” as ye'll
all admit it shud be, but actually as if it was within an
ace of being spelt “p double o l," I think ye'll agree with
me that it's about time that actors learnt something of
the rudiments of the art of ellycution.”
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
May, 1894 (Second List).
Anarchy and the Napoleonic Revival. North American.
Bermuda and Its Affairs. Illus. Review of Reviews.
Books About the Sea. E. G. J. Dial.
Child-Study. Mary E. Laing. Forum.
Chinese Six Companies, The. Overland.
Church Property, Taxation of. M. C. Peters. Forum.
City School Systems. Dial.
Democratic Administration, The. W. E. Russell. Forum.
Educational Books, Some Recent. B. A. Hinsdale. Dial.
Egypt To-day. Illus. Jeremiah Lynch. Overland.
Eight-Hour Experiment, The Social Economist.
England in the Mediterranean, Admiral Colomb. No. Amin.
English at Lafayette College. F. A. March. Dial.
Ethics and Economies, The Relations of. Social Economics.
Farm-Mortgage Statistics. Edward Atkinson. Forum.
Field, David Dudley. Illus. Review of Reviews.
German Novel, The. ' B. W. Wells. Sewanee Review.
Hawaiian Islands, The. Illus. Alice W. Gulick. Rev. of Revs.
History in Secondary Education. Educational Review.
Home Life, English and American. Price Collier. Forum.
House of Lords, Stability of the Forum.
Ibsen's Solness. Thomas R. Price. Sewanee Review.
Kossuth, Louis. Illus. Review of Reviews.
La Fontaine. J. A. Harrison. Sewanee Review.
Man of the Moment, The. Sarah Grand. North American.
National Life and Character. Theo. Roosevelt. Sewanee Rev.
Nicaragua Canal, The. Lieut. Winn. Overland.
Palmistry of China and Japan. Stewart Culin. Overiand.
Psychology, Experimental, Advance in. Dial.
Roseberry's Administration. Sir Chas. W. Dilke. No. Am'n.
Silver, Free. R. P. Bland. North American.
Social Science, Studies in. E. W. Bemis. Dial.
Transcontinental Railways and Ocean Steamers. Social Econ.
Truants and Incorrigibles. E. P. Seaver. Educational Rev.
Undergraduate Instruction, Cost of. Educational Review.
Whiskey Rebellion, Our. Gov. Tillman. North American.
Woman, The New. Ouida. North American.
Woman's Education in the South. Educational Review.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Readings on the Inferno of Dante, Chiefly Based on the
Commentary of Benvenuto da Imola. By the Hon. Will-
iam Warren Vernon, M.A.; with an Introduction by the
Rev. Edward Moore, D.D. In two vols., with frontis-
pieces, 12mo, uncut. Macmillan & Co. $12.
Complete Works of Abraham Lincoln; Comprising his
Speeches, Letters, State Papers, and Miscellaneous Writ-
ings. Edited by John C. Nicolay and John Hay. In two
vols., with portrait, 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. The Century
Co. $10.
The Complete Wor of Geoffrey Chaucer. Edited, from
Numerous Manuscripts, by the Rev. Walter W. Skeat,
LL.D. Romaunt of the Rose, and Minor Poems; with
frontispiece, 8vo, uncut, pp. 508. Macmillan & Co. $4.
The Temple Shakespeare : Two Gentlemen of Verona, and
The Merry Wives of Windsor. _With preface, glossary,
etc., by Israel Gollancz, M.A.. Each, with frontispiece,
24mo, gilt top, uncut. Macmillan & Co. Each, 45 cts.
Criticisms on Contemporary Thought and Thinkers,
Selected from "The Spectator.". By Richard Holt Hut-
ton, M.A. In two vols., 12mo, uncut. Macmillan & Co. $3.
“Junius" Revealed. By His Surviving Grandson, H. R.
Francis. 8vo, uncut, pp. 82. Longmans, Green, & Co.
$1.75.
Studies in the Evolution of English Criticism: A Thesis
Presented to the Philosophical Faculty of Yale Univer-
sity for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. By Laura
Johnson Wylie. 16mo, pp. 212. Ginn & Co. $1.10.
Crumbling Idols: Twelve Essays on Art, Dealing Chiefly
with Literature, Painting, and the Drama. By Hamlin
Garland. 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 192. Stone & Kim-
ball. $1.25.
Essays and Sermons of Samuel Longfellow. Edited by
Joseph May. With portrait, 12mo, gilt top, pp. 404.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.50.
The Yellow Book: An Illustrated Quarterly. Vol. I., April,
1894 ; illus., 12mo, uncut, pp. 272. Copeland & Day. $1.50.
Library Classification. By W. I. Fletcher, M.A. Re-
printed with additions, etc., from his “ Public Libraries
in America."
12mo, pp. 32. Roberts Bros. $1.
Public Libraries in America. By William I. Fletcher,
M.A. Illus., 16mo, pp. 169. Roberts' Columbian Knowl-
edge Series." $1.
Wayside Sketches. By Eben J. Loomis. 16mo, pp. 188.
Roberts Bros. $1.
HISTORY.
History of England under Henry the Fourth. By James
Hamilton Wylie, M.A. In two vols., 12mo, uncut. Long-
mans, Green, & Co. $5.
The Muhammadans, 1001-1761, A. D. By J. D. Rees,
C.I.E., author of "Tours in India." With maps, 18mo,
pp. 192. Longmans' “ Epochs of Indian History." $1.
Europe, 1598-1715. By Henry Offley Wakeman, M.A., au-
thor of "The Church and the Puritans." Period y.
12mo, uncut, pp. 392. Macmillan & Co, $1.40.
The Struggle of Protestant Dissenters for Religious Tol-
eration in Virginia. By Henry R. McIlwaine, Ph.D.
8vo, uncut, pp. 67. Johns Hopkins University Studies.
50 cts.
The War of Independence. By John Fiske. With maps,
index, etc., 16mo, pp. 200. Houghton's “Riverside Lit-
erature Series." 40 cts.
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
The Life of John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, to the
Accession of Queen Anne. By General Viscount Wolse-
ley, K.P. In two vols., illus., 8vo, uncut. Longmans,
Green, & Co. $10.
The Life and Times of James the First, the Conqueror,
King of Aragon, Valencia and Majorca, Count of Barce-
lona and Ungel, Lord of Montpellier. By F. Darwin
Swift, B.A. With map, 8vo, uncut, pp. 311. Macmillan
& Co. $3.25.
Fra Paolo Sarpi, the Greatest of Venetians. By the Rev.
Alexander Robertson, author of · Count Campello."
Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 196. Thomas Whittaker.
$1.50.


316
[May 16,
THE DIAL
Memoirs and Letters of Samuel Longfellow. Edited by
Joseph May. With portrait, 12mo, gilt top, pp. 306.
Houghton, Miffin & Co. $1.50.
The Diary of Samuel Pepys, M.A. Transcribed from the
Shorthand Manuscript in Magdalene College, by Rev.
Mynors Bright, M.A.; with Lord Braybrooke's Notes,
and edited by Henry B. Wheatley, F.S.A. Vol. IV.,
with portrait, 12mo, uncut, pp. 423. Macmillan & Co.
$1.50.
POETRY.
Ban and Arrière Ban : A Rally of Fugitive Rhymes. By
Andrew Lang. With frontispiece, 16mo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 118. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.50.
When Hearts Are Trumps. By Tom Hall. 16mo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 128. Stone & Kimball. $1.25.
The Quest of Heracles and Other Poems. By Hugh Mc-
Culloch, Jr. 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 95. Stone & Kim-
ball. $1.25.
A Lover's Diary: Songs in Sequence. By Gilbert Parker.
With frontispiece, 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 147. Stone
& Kimball. $1.25.
Poems, Sonnets, Songs, and Verses. By the author of
“The Professor, and Other Poems." 18mo, uncut, pp.
149. Macmillan & Co. $1.
The Kestrel's Nest, and Other Verses. By Alfred Cochrane.
16mo, uncut, pp. 75. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.25.
Poems. By Langdon Elwyn Mitchell ("John Philip Varley.")
12mo, gilt top, pp. 118. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
Selected Poems. By the Earl of Lytton (Owen Meredith).
New edition, 12mo, uncut, pp. 426. Longmans, Green,
& Co. $3.
Lucile. By the Earl of Lytton (Owen Meredith). 12mo,
uncut, pp. 333. Longmans, Green, & Co. $3.
Dramatic Poems. By William Entriken Baily. 16mo, pp.
117. Philadelphia: Printed for the author.
FICTION.
Pembroke. By Mary E. Wilkins, author of “Jane Field.”
Illus., 12mo, pp. 330. Harper & Bros. $1.50.
The Exiles, and Other Stories. By Richard Harding Davis,
author of " Van Bibber and Others." Illus., 12mo, pp.
221. Harper & Bros. $1.50.
In Varying Moods. By Beatrice Harraden, author of “Ships
That Pass in the Night.” 16mo, uncut, pp. 286. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $1.
A Modern Buccaneer. By Rolf Boldrewood, author of
“Robbery Under Arms." 12mo, uncut, pp. 338. Mac-
millan & Co. $1.23.
The White Crown and Other Stories. By Herbert D.
Ward. 16mo, pp. 336. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
Cadet Days: A Story of West Point. By Capt. Charles
King, U.S. A., author of " Between the Lines." Illus.,
12mo, pp. 293. Harper & Bros. $1.25.
A Modern Wizard. By Rodrigues Ottolengui, author of
"An Artist in Crime." 16mo, pp. 434. G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $1.
The Trespasser. By Gilbert Parker, author of “The Chief
Factor." 12mo, pp. 275. D. Appleton & Co. $1.
A Valiant Ignorance. By Mary Angela Dickens, author of
"A Mere Cypher." 12mo, pp. 383. Macmillan & Co. $1.
With Edged Tools. By Henry Seton Merriman, author of
* From One Generation to Another." 16mo, pp. 340.
Harper & Bros. $1.25.
Lay Down Your Arms: The Autobiography of Martha Von
Tilling. By Bertha Von Suttner; trans. by T. Holmes.
12mo, pp. 435. Longmans, Green, & Co. 75 cts.
This Picture and That: A Comedy. By Brander Mat-
thews. Illus., 24mo, pp. 77. Harpers' " Black and White
Series." 50 cts.
Our Lady's Tumbler: A Twelfth Century Legend Trans-
cribed for Lady Day, MDCCCXCIV. 12mo, gilt top, pp.
42. Little, Brown, & Co. Paper, 50 cts.
Hypnotic Tales. By James L. Ford. New edition, illus.,
16mo, pp. 220. New York: Geo. H, Richmond & Co.
50 cts.
One Day: A Tale of the Prairies. By Elbert Hubbard.
24mo, pp. 103. Arena “ Side Pocket Series.” 50 cts.
The Damascus Road. By Léon de Tinseau ; trans. by
Florence Belknap Gilmour. 12mo, pp. 344. New York:
Geo. H. Richmond & Co. 50 cts.
The Talisman. By Sir Walter Scott, Bart. Dryburgh edi-
tion ; illus., 12mo, uncut, pp. 433. Macmillan & Co. $1.25.
NEW VOLUMES IN THE PAPER LIBRARIES.
Harper's Franklin Square Library: A Devoted Couple,
by J. Masterman ; 12mo, pp. 358, 50 cts.
Bonner's Choice Series: Wooing a Widow, by Ewald Au-
gust Koenig; illus., 16mo, pp. 380.–The Gun-Bearer, by
E. A. Robinson and G. A. Wall; illus., 16mo, pp. 276.
Each, 50 cts.
Mascot Library: For Love of Gold, by Marie Walsh ; illus.,
12mo, pp. 242, 50 cts.
TRAVEL, DESCRIPTION, AND ADVENTURE.
Ladies in the Field: Sketches of Sport. Edited by the
Lady Greville. 12mo, uncut, pp. 287. D. Appleton &
Co. $2.
The Kingdom of the “ White Woman": A Sketch. By
M. M. Shoemaker. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 207. Robt.
Clarke & Co. $1.50.
The Story of the Commonweal. By Henry Vincent.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 247. W. B. Conkey Co. 50 cts.
Good Style, Small Expense; or We'll Never Go There
Any More. By Ben Holt. 12mo, uncut, pp. 197. The
Baker & Taylor Co. 50 cts.
RELIGION.
The Natural History of the Christian Religion: Being a
Study of the Doctrine of Jesus as Developed from Judaism
and Converted into Dogma. By William Mackintosh,
M. A, 8vo, uncut, pp. 607. Macmillan & Co. $3.75.
A Harmony of the Gospels for Historical Study : An
Analytical Synopsis of the Four Gospels in the Version of
1881. By Wm. Arnold Stevens, and Ernest De Witt Bur-
ton. Svo, pp. 237. Silver, Burdett & Co. $1.50.
The Unitarian Movement Since the Reformation : An
Historical Sketch. By Joseph Henry Allen, D.D. 12mo,
pp, 254. New York: The Christian Literature Co. $1.50.
The Question of Unity : Many voices Concerning the Uni-
fication of Christendom. Edited by Amory H. Bradford,
D.D. 16mo, pp. 84. New York: The Christian Litera-
ture Co. 75 cts.
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL STUDIES.
Questions of the Day, Social, National, and Religious: Be-
ing addresses delivered in St. Martin's Church, Leicester,
1870-90. By David James Vaughan, M.A. 12mo, un-
cut, pp. 260. Macmillan & Co. $1.50.
Progressive Taxation in Theory and Practice. By Edwin
R. A. Seligman. 12mo, uncut, pp. 222. American Eco-
nomic Ass'n Publications. $1.
Papers of the Jewish Women's Congress, held at Chi-
cago, September 4, 5, 6, and 7, 1893. 8vo, pp. 268, Phil-
adelphia : The Jewish Publication Society of America.
Woman's New Opportunity: An Address Delivered to
the Woman's Law Class of the University of the City of
New York. By Daniel Greenleaf Thompson. 12mo, pp.
16. Longmans, Green, & Co. 25 cts.
Gambling Communities : A Socialistic Treatise. By Adolph
Hepner. 12mo, pp. 27. St. Louis: Published by the
author. 15 cts.
PHILOSOPHY.
Hegel's Philosophy of Mind. Trans. from the Encyclo-
pædia of the Philosophical Sciences, with five Introduc-
tory Essays, by William Wallace, M.A. 12mo, pp. 202.
Macmillan & Co. $2,50.
The Diseases of the Will. By Th. Ribot; trans. by Mer
win-Marie Snell. 12mo, pp. 134. Open Court Pub's
Co. 75 cts.
EDUCATION.
The Principles and Practice of Teaching and Class Man-
agement." By Joseph Landon, F.G.S., author of "School
Management. 12mo, pp. 462. Macmillan & Co. $1.60.
The Work of a University: Inaugural Address at Lake
Forest, III., June 15, 1893. By John M. Coulter, Pres.
12mo, pp. 13. Madison, Wis.: Tracy, Gibbs & Co.
MISCELLANEOUS.
A Mound of Many Cities; or, Tell El Hesy Excavated. By
Frederick Jones Bliss, M.A. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, un-
cut, pp. 197. Macmillan & Co. $2.25,
The Amateur Aquarist: How to Equip and Maintain a
Self-Sustaining Aquarium. By Mark Samuel. Illus.,
16mo, pp. 114. The Baker & Taylor Co. $1.
66


1894.)
317
THE DIAL
THE DIAL'S CONTRIBUTORS.
The following list of The Dial's contributors is published for the purpose of showing how varied are the intel-
lectual interests represented by the review, and how serious and authoritative its contents. It will be noticed that
the institutions of higher learning have furnished THE DIAL with a large proportion of its contributors, and that our
most important universities, with hardly an exception, are represented in the list. The Dial feels that it has
reason to be proud of a list that includes the chief justice of the United States, presidents or professors of some
thirty colleges and universities, and many of the most distinguished private scholars in the country.
Pres. C. K. Adams, University of Wis. Miss Alice French (Octave Thanet), Da- | Prof. A. G. Newcomer, Stanford Univ.
Prof. H. C. Adams, University of Mich. venport, Ia.
Rev. Arthur Howard Noll, New Orleans.
Prof.H.B. Adams, Johns Hopkins Univ. Chas. W. French, Chicago High School. James $. Norton, Chicago.
*Prof. W. F. Allen, University of Wis. W. M. R. French, Director of Art Insti- Mrs. Minerva B. Norton, Evanston, Ill.
Prof. E. P. Anderson, Miami University. tute, Chicago.
Rev. Robert Nourse, La Crosse, Wis.
Prof. M. B. Anderson, Stanford Univ. Hon. Melville W. Fuller, Chief Justice *Rev. George C. Noyes, Evanston Ill.
Prof. R. B. Anderson, late U.S. Minis of the United States.
Prof. J. E. Olson, University of Wis.
ter to Denmark.
Henry B. Fuller, Chicago.
James L. Onderdonk, Chicago.
Dr. Edmund Andrews, President Chicago William Elliott Furness, Chicago. Prof. Henry L. Osborn, Hamline Univ.
Academy of Sciences.
Prof. C. M. Gayley, Univ. of California. Eugene Parsons, Chicago.
*Hon. Isaac N. Arnold, Chicago. Frank Gilbert. Chicago.
Prof. G.T. W. Patrick, University of Ia.
*Walter R. Barnes, Stevens Point, Wis. Rev. Simeon Gilbert, Chicago.
William Morton Payne, The Dial.
Elwyn A. Barron, Chicago.
Richard Watson Gilder, New York City. Dr. S. H. Peabody, Late Pres. Univ. of Ill
Prof. John Bascom, Williams College. Rev.Washington Gladden, Columbus, O. Norman C. Perkins, Detroit, Mich.
*Lieut. Fletcher S. Bassett, Chicago. Frederick W. Gookin, Chicago.
Prof. W. R. Perkins, University of Ia.
Rev. George Batchelor, Lowell, Mass. * Mrs. Genevieve Grant, Chicago. Egbert Phelps, Joliet, Ill.
Prof. Geo. Baur, University of Chicago. Prof. Edward E. Hale, Jr., Univ. of Iowa Hon. J. O. Pierce, Minneapolis, Minn.
Prof. E. W. Bemis, Univ. of Chicago. Dr. Fitzedward Hall, Marlesford, Eng. * Dr. W. F. Poole, Librarian Newberry
Pres. W. M. Blackburn, University of Prof. Newton M. Hall, Iowa College. Library, Chicago.
North Dakota.
Prof. J. J. Halsey, Lake Forest Univ. * Rev. H. N. Powers, Piermont, N.Y.
Rev. J. Vila Blake, Chicago.
Rev. Leon A. Harvey, Des Moines, Ia. * William H. Ray, Hyde Park High
Louis J. Block, Chicago.
Prof. C. H. Haskins, University of Wis. School, Chicago.
Charles C. Bonney, Pres. World's Con- Prof. J. T. Hatfield, Northwestern Univ. Rev. C. A. L. Richards, Providence, R.I.
gress Auxiliary, Chicago.
Prof. George Hempl, University of Mich. Prof. C. G. D. Roberts, King's College,
Lewis H. Boutell, Evanston, Ill.
Mrs. Ellen M. Henrotin, Chicago.
Windsor, N. S.
Prof. H. H. Boyesen, Columbia College. Rev. Brooke Herford, London, England. J. B. Roberts, Indianapolis, Ind.
Francis F. Browne, Editor The Dial. James L. High, Chicago.
John C. Ropes, Boston, Mass.
John Burroughs, West Park, N. Y. Prof. Emil G. Hirsch, Univ. of Chicago. Prof. E. A. Ross, Stanford University.
Mary E. Burt, Chicago.
Prof. B. A. Hinsdale, Univ. of Mich. James B. Runnion, Kansas City, Mo.
Richard Burton, Hartford, Conn. Prof. E. S. Holden, Lick Observatory. William M. Salter, Philadelphia, Pa.
George W. Cable, Northhampton, Mass. Charles S. Holt, Lake Forest, Ill. Prof. M. W. Sampson, University of Ind.
F. I. Carpenter, Chicago.
Prof. Williston S. Hough, Univ. of Minn. * Thorkild A. Schovelin, New York City.
Prof. H. S. Carhart, University of Mich. Mrs. Sara A. Hubbard, Chicago. Clinton Scollard, Clinton, N. Y.
Mrs. Mary H. Catherwood, Hoopston, III. Prof.W. H. Hudson, Stanford University M. L. Scudder, Jr., Chicago.
Prof. T.C. Chamberlin, Univ. of Chicago Capt. E. L. Huggins, U.S. A., Chicago. Prof. Paul Shorey, University of Chicago.
*Pres. A. L. Chapin, Beloit College. Henry A. Huntington, Rome, Italy. Albert Shaw, Ed. Review of Reviews.
*James F. Claflin, Chicago High School. Dr. James Nevins Hyde, Chicago. Prof. W. E. Simonds, Knox College.
H. W. S. Cleveland, Minneapolis, Minn. Edward S. Isham, Chicago.
William Henry Smith, New York City.
Ernest W Clement, Univ. of Chicago. Prof. H. C. G. von Jagemann, Harvard Prof. D. E. Spencer, University of Mich.
Dr. Titus Munson Coan, New York City. University:
Prof. H. M. Stanley, Lake Forest Univ.
Rev. Robert Collyer, New York City. * Hon. John A. Jameson, Chicago. Prof. Frederick Starr, Univ. of Chicago.
Prof. Albert S. Cook, Yale University, Rev. Kristopher Janson, Minnesota. Frank P. Stearns, Boston, Mass.
Hon. Thomas M. Cooley, Univ. of Mich. Prof. Joseph Jastrow, University of Wis. Arthur Stedman, N. Y. City.
Prof. C. H. Cooper, Carleton College. Prof. J. W. Jenks, Cornell University. Richard Henry Stoddard, N. Y. City.
Prof. Hiram Corson, Cornell University. W. L. B. Jenney, Chicago.
Mrs. Margaret F. Sullivan, Chicago.
Dr. Elliott Coues, Smithsonian Institu’n. Edward Gilpin Johnson, Milwaukee, Wis. Rev. David Swing, Chicago.
Rev. Joseph H. Crooker, Helena, Mont. Rossiter Johnson, New York City. Slason Thompson, Chicago.
Prof. E. L. Curtis, Yale University. Prof. W. H. Johnson, Denison University Miss E. M. Thomas, Staten Island, N. Y.
W. P. Cutler, Columbus, O.
Pres. David S. Jordan, Stanford Univ Henry W. Thurston, Englewood, Ill.
Clarence L. Dean, Marshall, Mich. Prof. H. P. Judson, Univ. of Chicago. Henry L. Tolman, Chicago,
Van Buren Denslow, New York City. Prof. F. W. Kelsey, University of Mich. William P. Trent, Sewanee, Tenn.
Mrs. Anna Farwell DeKoven, N. Y. City. Prof. C. W. Kent, Charlottesville, Va. Prof. F. J. Turner, University of Wis.
Eugene L. Didier, Baltimore, Md. Capt. Charles King, U.S.A., Milwaukee. Prof. Herbert Tuttle, Cornell University.
Prof. D. K. Dodge, University of Illinois. * Joseph Kirkland, Chicago.
Edward Tyler, Ithaca, N. Y.
Col. Theo. A. Dodge, U.S. A., Boston. Walter C. Larped, Chicago.
George P. Upton, Chicago.
Prof. M. L, D'Ooge, University of Mich. Bryan Lathrop, Chicago.
Rev. David Utter, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Prof. J. G. Dow, Univ. of South Dakota. Rev. William M. Lawrence, Chicago. Prof.J.C.Van Dyke, New Brunsw'k,N.J.
Pitts Duffield, Mackinac Island, Mich. Prof. W.C. Lawton, Bryn Mawr College. Horatio L. Wait, Chicago.
Prof. Louis Dyer, Oxford, England. Henry D. Lloyd, Chicago.
Charles Dudley Warner, Hartford, Conn.
Dr. Carl H. Eigenmann, Academy of Sci- Dr. H. M. Lyman, Chicago.
Stanley Waterloo, Chicago.
ences,
San Francisco, Cal.
James MacAlister, Pres. Drexel Inst. W. Irving Way, Chicago.
Alice Morse Earle, Brooklyn, N. Y. Franklin MacVeagh, Chicago.
* William H. Wells, Chicago.
Prof. O. L. Elliott, Stanford University. Alexander C. McClurg, Chicago. Prof. Barrett Wendell, Harvard Univ,
Dr. S. R. Elliott, Staten Island, N. Y. Prof. A. C. McLaughlin, Univ. of Mich. Pres. D. H.Wheeler, Alleghany College.
Prof. Richard T. Ely, University of Wis. Mrs. Anna B. McMahan, Chicago. * Prof. N. M. Wheeler, Appleton Univ.
Prof. O. F. Emerson, Cornell University. Prof. F. A. March, Lafayette College. Dr. Samuel Willard, Chicago High Sch.
Edgar Fawcett, New York City.
E. G. Mason, Pres. Chicago Hist. Society. Rev. E. F. Williams, Chicago.
c. Norman Fay, Chicago,
Mrs. Miriam P. Mason, Chicago.
R. O. Williams, New Haven, Conn.
H. W. Fay, Westborough, Mass.
Miss Kate B, Martin, Chicago.
Gen. Robt. Williams, U.S.A., Washington
Walter T. Field, Chicago.
Prof. Brander Matthews, Columbia Col. Prof. Woodrow Wilson, Princeton Univ.
James E. Foreman, Chicago.
Miss Marian Mead, Chicago.
*Dr. Alex. Winchell, University of Mich.
William Dudley Foulke, Richmond, Ind. Prof. A. C. Miller, Univ. of Chicago. Prof. Arthur B. Woodford, N. Y. City.
Mrs. Mary H. Ford, Kansas City, Mo. Miss Harriet Monroe, Chicago.
J. E. Woodhead, Chicago.
Prof. N. Č. Fredericksen, late of the Uni- Miss Lucy Monroe, Chicago.
Mrs. Celia P. Wooley, Chicago.
versity of Copenhagen.
Mrs. A. W. Moore, Madison, Wis. Prof. G. Frederick Wright, Oberlin, O.
• Deceased.


318
[May 16,
THE DIAL
Just Published:
FRENCH GRAMMAR.
NOTICE OF REMOV AL.
99
.
COLLEGE
PREPARATORY
By CHARLES P. DU CROQUET. 12mo, Half Leather, 284 pages, $1.25. Introduction price, $1.00.
Contes de Balzac. Edited, with introduction and notes, by GEORGE Le Francais par la Conversation. By CHARLES P. DU CROQUET,
MCLEAN HARPER, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of French in Princeton author of "College Preparatory French Grammar," etc. 12mo,
University, and Louis EUGENE LIVINGOOD, A.B., formerly instructor cloth, 186 pages, 30 illustrations, $1.00. This work will be found
in French and German in Princeton University. 12mo, cloth, 221 of great help towards enabling the student to converse fluently in
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1894.]
319
THE DIAL
CORRECTING A MISTAKE.
O YOU know the difference between a mistake and a blunder? When you lay down a good umbrella and
you make a blunder.
So in bicycles. When you buy a poorer bicycle than you ought to ride, you make a mistake; when you buy
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the only ones in the world.
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why speak of the impossible? If you study a Warwick Catalogue carefully fifteen minutes, you will buy no other
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Secure the Catalogue To-day.
WARWICK CYCLE
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320
[May 16, 1894.
THE DIAL
THE BEST IS NONE TOO GOOD!
SOUND
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IN THE
SCHOOLS.
Only one child in twenty-four ever reaches the high
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322
[June 1,
THE DIAL
CORRECTING A MISTAKE.
Dº take up a ponendi Terence between the state wereld gebuvage down W porumbele wonde pa good one
YOU know the difference between a mistake and a blunder ? When you lay down a good umbrella and
you make a blunder.
So in bicycles. When you buy a poorer bicycle than you ought to ride, you make a mistake; when you buy
anything but the best you make a blunder. When you buy any bicycle without first seeing the '94 Warwick, you
make a blundering mistake.
The best time to correct a blundering mistake is before you make it! Therefore get our Catalogue. Get it at
once! Don't leave the chair in which you are now sitting until you have written a postal asking for it.
When it arrives, live on it for fifteen minutes. Examine the Table of Contents for the New Features of
1894 — the new sectional wood rims, New Patent Adjustable Handle-Bars, New Rear Brake, New Frame with
bearings on the same level, New Chain Adjustment, etc., etc.
Don't overlook the old Warwick virtue of Construction which has given these wheels the reputation of being
“ built on honor.” This is a very important feature. So, too, are the Warwick dust-proof bearings, for they are
the only ones in the world.
When the fifteen minutes are up, if you do not decide to purchase a Warwick, no harm has been done. But
why speak of the impossible? If you study a Warwick Catalogue carefully fifteen minutes, you will buy no other
make.
Secure the Catalogue To-day.
WARWICK CYCLE MANUFACTURING CO.,
SPRINGFIELD, MASS.
LITERARY AND PROFESSIONAL MEN,
TO AUTHORS.
AND ALL BRAIN-WORKERS,
Will find no FOOD-TONIC to surpass
THE DIAL PRESS, CHICAGO,
PETER MÖLLER'S
Is prepared to undertake the publication of Authors'
NORWEGIAN COD LIVER OIL. Editions or Private Editions of meritorious works
in any department of literature. The services ren-
dered will include the critical revision of MSS. to
Sweetest, Soundest, Best,
prepare them for publication, the editorial super-
And of Absolute Purity.
vision of works passing through the press, tasteful
Möller's Cod Liver Oil, now prepared by an im-
and correct typography, and the competent over-
sight of all details necessary to the production of a
proved process which is the result of years of sci-
entific investigation, is the best preparation of cod complete and well-made book; also, the distribution
liver oil because it is the Most Agreeable, the Most
of copies to the press and elsewhere as desired. An
Digestible, the Easiest to Assimilate, and the Only extended experience in all the practical details of
Oil which can be continuously Administered with book-production, both on the literary and the me-
out causing gastric disturbances. Put up in flat chanical sides, justifies the guarantee of satisfactory
oval bottles, sealed and dated. For sale by all results to all in need of such services.
rightly-stocked druggists.
Estimates given on application. Address
W. H. Schieffelin & Co.,
THE DIAL PRESS,
New York,
Sole Agents for the United States and Canada.
315 Wabash Ave., CHICAGO.


1894.]
323
THE DIAL
LONGMANS, GREEN, & CO.'S NEW BOOKS.
THE HISTORY OF TRADE UNIONISM.
By SIDNEY and BEATRICE WEBB.
With Map, Appendix of Tables, Bibliography, etc., and Index.
8vo, 574 pages, $5.00.
This work, the result of three years' special investigation, describes
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Kingdom from 1700 down to the present day. Founded almost entirely
upon material hitherto unpublished, it is not a mere chronicle of Trade
Union organization or record of strikes, but gives, in effect, the political,
history of the English working-class during the last 150 years.
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS,
And the Participation of the Jews in the Spanish
and Portuguese Discoveries.
By Dr. M. KAYSERLING.
Translated from the Author's Manuscript, with his Sanction
and Revision, by CHARLES Gross, Ph.D., Assistant Pro-
fessor of History in Harvard College. Crown 8vo, cloth,
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Edited by her Son, the Hon. F. LEVESON-GOWER. In 2 vol-
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had done something to amuse or shock, irritate or excite, inflame or de-
press, the circle in which they moved."- Daily Telegraph.
THE LIFE OF JOHN CHURCHILL, DUKE
OF MARLBOROUGH,
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SHAKESPEARE STUDIES, and Other
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LONGMANS, GREEN, & CO., Publishers, 15 East 16th St., New YORK.
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New York and Boston.


324
[June 1, 1894.
THE DIAL
D. APPLETON &
& Co.'S NEW
BOOKS.
Memoirs Illustrating the History
of Napoleon I. from 1802
to 1815.
By Baron CLAUDE-FRANCOIS DE MENEVAL, Private Secre-
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Creatures of Other Days.
By Rev. H. N. HUTCHINSON, B.A., F.G.S., author of "The
Autobiography of the Earth,” “Extinct Monsters," etc.
With numerous Illustrations. 8vo, cloth, $3.00.
. The disjointed and often fragmentary bones by
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vey no ideas whatever to the majority of those who see them.
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events gives a vivid conception of some remarkable creature
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Hume.
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THE DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAGE
325
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THE DIAL, 315 Wabash Ave., Chicago.
the successful examinee, the man who is found
equal to the Civil Service tests, the classman
No. 191. JUNE 1, 1894. Vol. XVI. of the Tripos. Even so sound a thinker as Pro-
fessor Goldwin Smith has recently doubted the
CONTENTS.
success of the new Oxford school of English
literature, on the ground that the subject does
ENGLISH AT THE UNIVERSITIES
not easily lend itself to the traditional sort of
DEATHS OF A MONTH.
327 examination. Emerson, many years ago, out-
ENGLISH AT THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF
lined the New History in the phrase : “ Broader
IOWA. Edward E. Hale, Jr.
328 and deeper we must write our annals.” Sim-
COMMUNICATIONS
329 ilarly, we may say to such cavillers as Profes-
How Shall English Literature Be Taught? C.
sor Smith : “ Broader and deeper must we make
Revival of a Classic Puzzle. Charles Edwards.
our examination papers.” The subject of En-
AN INTERPRETER OF SCIENCE FOR THE glish literature has far too high an educational
PEOPLE. Frederick Starr
330 value to be neglected merely because it requires
CHILE AND THE CHILEANS. Elizabeth Wallace . 331 some adaptation or reconstruction of a few time-
BOOKS ABOUT NATURE. Sara A. Hubbard . . . 333
honored methods and adjuncts of teaching.
Celia Thaxter's An Island Garden.-Olive Miller's A
The articles upon the higher teaching of En-
Bird-Lover in the West.-Knight's By Moorland and glish that have been contributed to THE DIAL
Sea.- Trevor-Battye's Pictures in Prose.- Abbott's
Travels in a Tree-top.
during the past months go far to show that the
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
objection raised by Professor Smith and others
335
“Americanism" in art-education.- The initial num-
is nothing more than a bugbear. If American
ber of the “Yellow Book."-Studies in the history experience (as recorded in these articles) counts
of English criticism.- Field sports for women. The
Mark in Europe and America.— Thrashing the old
for anything, we must admit that it establishes
straw of “ Junius.”- National literature of Ireland. beyond question the claims of English as a
- Ancient ships pictured and described.
proper subject of university instruction. Does
BRIEFER MENTION
338 it fail to fertilize, to inform, to awaken curios-
NEW YORK TOPICS. Arthur Stedman
339
ity ? Let us see what a few of our educators
LITERARY 'NOTES AND MISCELLANY
think about it. Says Professor Cook : “ The
340
writer might formulate the especial object
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS
342
which he proposes to himself as the develop-
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
342 ment in the student, whether graduate or un-
dergraduate, of insight and power, and indeed
he conceives this to be the end of all education
ENGLISH AT THE UNIVERSITIES.
whatever. The imparting of information seems
Mr. Churton Collins, writing six or seven to him quite a secondary object; and a love
years ago upon the subject of the instruction for literature is most likely, as he thinks, to be
in English at the English higher schools and promoted by the acquisition of insight and
universities, complained that “it attains none power.” Says Professor Corson: “It is con-
of the ends which a subject in itself so full of sidered of prime importance that students
attraction and interest might be expected to at- should first attain to a sympathetic appreciation
tain. It fails to fertilize ; it fails to inform ; of what is essential and intrinsic, before the
it fails even to awaken curiosity.” This triple adventitious features of literature - features
failure he ascribes to the fact that literature | due to time and place—be considered.” Pro-
.
.
.
.
.


326
(June 1,
THE DIAL
DIAL
more so.
:
fessor Dodge, speaking of the study of Shake in our treatment of English from the side of
speare, says that grammatical criticism is
is æsthetic criticism as well as from that of history
treated sparingly, and textual criticism even or of philosophy. Hence it is necessary to direct
He then adds : “ The results of this the attention mainly to these aspects. It seems
method of Shakespeare study have been very to be of the first importance that the two grand
encouraging, many of the pupils seeming to de divisions of the subject should be sharply dif-
velope from it a real love for the subject." ferentiated. By this we mean that a univer-
Professor March writes that the courses under sity should have two departments of English
his direction are constant to the central idea of rather than one. It is theoretically conceivable
this passage quoted from Arnold of Rugby : that scholars might be found of such broad and
" What a treat it would be to teach Shake balanced culture as to be competent to direct
speare to a good class of young Greeks in re the wo in both fields. But such men are too
generate Athens; to dwell upon him line by rare to be counted upon. The English scholars
line and word by word, and so get all his pic- in our universities are, almost without excep-
tures and thoughts leisurely into one's mind, tion, either literary critics or masters of lin-
till I verily think one would, after a time, al-guistic science; they are rarely if ever both at
most give out light in the dark, after having once. Now this means that a department of
been steeped, as it were, in such an atmosphere English having a single head will almost inev-
of brilliance."
itably become developed upon one side at the
These remarks, which might be multiplied expense of the other. Such of our institutions
indefinitely, seem to us fairly typical of the as Columbia College, Cornell University, and
spirit in which the subject of English litera- Stanford University have clearly recognized this
ture is studied in our colleges and universities. difficulty, and have kept English linguistics dis-
Avoiding the dangerous extremes of pedantry tinct from English literature.
on the one hand and dilettantism on the other, Assuming this differentiation, what should
our teachers of literature seem to be animated be the qualifications of a professor of English
by the desire to impart the spirit of literary ap literature proper? His function, to quote from
preciation no less than the methods of exact Mr. Collins once more, “is the interpreta-
scholarship in literary investigation. The large tion of power and beauty as they reveal them-
proportion of students taking English courses selves in language, not simply by resolving
is almost everywhere noticeable, and there is them into their constituent elements, but by
little evidence that these courses are elected considering them in their relation to princi-
because they are “soft.” There is a recent and ples.” To perform this function it is evident
growing tendency to base the doctor's degree that he must have a thorough training in the
upon English as a principal subject, and to en history of criticism, from Aristotle to Mr. Pa-
courage publication of the theses offered. In ter; that he must have a wide acquaintance
spection of a number of such theses that have with literature, ancient and modern, native and
come to hand during the past two years shows foreign ; that he must have a delicately-attuned
them to compare more than favorably with the ear and a cultivated æsthetic sense; that, finally,
similar work done in English at the German uni- he must have in an unusual degree the power
versities. In this American work, æsthetic and of giving literary expression to his thought, and
philosophical criticism has its full share, and something like a passion for bringing other
its recognition is not to the detriment of rig minds into sympathetic communion with his
orous training or sound scholarship.
own. He should be, in a word, as nearly as
We have dwelt more fully upon the aesthetic possible such a man as Arnold, or Lowell, or
than upon the linguistic side of English train Sainte-Beuve, among the dead, or as M. Brune-
ing, but from no intention of ignoring the im- tière, or Mr. Watts, or Mr. Stedman, among
portance of the latter aspect. The linguistic the living. Men of this type, or approaching
part of the field is in no danger of careless cul this type, some of our universities already have;
tivation, and has little need of fertilizers. The the others may obtain them if they will but en-
methods of linguistic study have been so thor- large their horizon sufficiently to recognize the
oughly formulated and systematized by workers fact that for the work of giving vital instruc-
in the classical languages that they may be tion in English literature other than merely
transferred with slight modification to the sub academic qualifications are needed ; that such
ject of the English or any other modern tongue. qualifications are, indeed, of but secondary im-
But there is still something resembling anarchy portance.


1894.)
327
THE DIAL
ries out, the most extensive and scholarly treat-
DEATHS OF A MONTH.
ment of English literary history that has yet been
When Henry Morley announced, seven years ago,
attempted.
that he was about to carry out his long-cherished English science met with one of the severest
plan of preparing a systematic history of English of losses in the death, on the 23d of last month, of
writers, it was hoped, as someone suggested at the John George Romanes. He was just forty-six
time, that our literature had at last found its Tira years of age, having been born at Kingston, Can-
boschi. The suggestion was over-sanguine, for now,
ada, May 20, 1848. He was educated at Caius
the great work but half-completed, the author has College, Cambridge, taking natural science honors
found rest from his labors. Professor Morley was in 1870. He was intimately related with Darwin
born September 15, 1822, and died on the 17th of during the closing ten years of the latter's life, and
last month, in the seventy-second year of his age.
has been one of the most energetic exponents of the
He was educated in Germany, and at King's Col Darwinian theories. Among his works are “Sci-
lege, London. He practiced medicine
ence Lectures for the People” (1878), “ Animal In-
years, but abandoned the profession in 1851, when telligence" (1882), “Charles Darwin, His Charac-
he went into London journalism. He assisted Dick acter and Life" (1882), “ The Scientific Evidences
ens in editing “Household Words” and became of Organic Evolution " (1882), "Mental Evolution
himself editor of “The Examiner." From 1857 to
in Animals ” (1883), “The Star-Fish, Jelly-Fish,
1865 he lectured on English literature at King's and Sea-Urchins” (1885), and “Mental Evolution
College. In the latter year he became professor of in Man” (1889). He has been a frequent contrib-
the English language and literature at University utor to periodicals, and has been one of the stoutest
College, holding the chair until 1889, when he was opponents of Professor Weissmann's new and rev-
made emeritus professor and retired to Carisbrooke, olutionary theories of animal development.
Isle of Wight, where he has lived during the five
Edmund Yates, whose death was announced on
years just past. In 1879 the University of Edinburgh
the 21st of May, was a conspicuous figure in Lon.
conferred upon him the honorary degree of LL.D.
don journalism, but can hardly be said to have done
His writings are very numerous. Those of a mis any serious work in literature. He was born in 1831.
cellaneous character include “How to Make Home He wrote many novels and plays, among the former
Unhealthy” (1850), “Life of Palissy the Potter” being “ Broken to Harness,
being “Broken to Harness," "Kissing the Rod,”
(1852), “Jerome Cardan” (1854), “ Cornelius “ Black Sheep,” “Land at Last," "The Forlorn
Agrippa" (1856), “Memoirs of Bartholomew Fair” Hope,” “A Righted Wrong,” “Castaway,” “No-
(1857), "Fables and Fairy Tales” (1860), “ Jour- body's Fortune," "The Yellow Flag,” and “The
nal of a London Play-Goer” (1866), “Life of Cle- Impending Sword.” He visited America in 1872,
ment Marot, and Other Studies (1870). He and again in 1885. In 1884 he published "Fifty
edited “The Spectator,” Florio's Montaigne, Bos-
Years of London Life," a readable volume of rem-
well's Johnson, “ The Universal Library," "Cassell's iniscences. He is perhaps best remembered for his
National Library,” and “The Carisbrooke Library.” | expulsion from the Garrick Club at the instigation
His special work as a historian of English literature of Thackeray, about whom he had written an arti-
began with “ English Writers before Chaucer" cle which was, to say the least, in bad taste; and
(1864), and was followed by “From Chaucer to by his imprisonment in 1884 for another highly in-
Dunbar" (1867). These stout octavos were fol-
discreet editorial utterance.
lowed by " Tables of English Literature" (1870), The cable that brought news of the death of Ro-
a “First Sketch of English Literature" (1873), manes conveyed to us, on the same day, the news
and “ English Literature in the Reign of Victoria.”
of Madame Renan's death. The widow of the great
(1881), the latter work being prepared for Baron philologist, who thus survived her husband less than
Tauchnitz, and published as the 2000th volume of two years, was, it will be remembered, a daughter
his well-known series. In 1887, his magnum opus of the painter, Ary Scheffer. Since Renan's death,
on “ English Writers ” was seriously resumed, and his widow has been engaged in preparing for pub-
ten of the twenty volumes projected have been given lication his posthumous works.
to the public. The tenth volume takes us through Still earlier in the month there came news of the
the reign of Elizabeth. The eleventh volume (which death at Lindheim, in the Duchy of Hesse, of the
we hope was completed before the death of the au death of Leopold Sacher-Masoch, on the sixth of
thor) was to deal with Shakespeare and his con May, in his fifty-ninth year. He was born at Lem-
temporaries of the reign of King James. Better berg, in Galicia, and has done more than all other
than any comment, the list of books above enum. writers together to make that province of the Aus-
erated serves to indicate Henry Morley's tireless trian Empire familiar to readers all over the world.
industry, and to reveal the extent of the gratitude He studied in Gratz and Prague, and became a pro-
felt for him by every student of our literature. fessor of history in the university of the former city.
It is easy to find minute defects in the work, and His first work was “ Der Aufstand in Gent unter
to show that its critical quality is not of the highest, Karl V.” (1858). His first novel was “ Eine Gali-
but the fact remains that it conceives, and half car zische Geschichte” (1866). This was followed by


328
[June 1,
THE DIAL
few years.
many
others, among
which we mention “ Das Ver-
courses our idea is not exactly to teach formal rhet-
mächtnis Kains," a "Novellencyclus" of which the oric as the art is usually presented in the older text-
successive parts were published at intervals, “ Die books, but rather to present the subject in a con.
Geschiedene Frau” (1870), Die Republik der Wei-structive way, according to the general line of recent
berfeinde ” (1872), “ Maria Theresia und die Frei- thought on the subject. We try to habituate the
maurer (1872), “ Falscher Hermelin ” (1873), student to writing (as well as possible, of course, but
“ Der Neue Hjob” (1874),
“ Die Ideale unserer without insistence on critical work), to give him
Zeit” (1875), “Wiener Hofgeschichten” (1876), practice in thinking over his material and putting it
“Le Cabinet Noir de Lemberg” and “ L' Ilau” | into good form, to give him exercise in the different
(1880), both in French “ Die Messalinen modes of presentation. Such is the tendency of
Wiens,” and “Ein Weiblicher Sultan.” His novels most of the handbooks on rhetoric and of most of
found great favor with the French public, attracted the discussions of the matter published in the last
by their sensuous quality and their not always ar.
tistic realism, and a great number of them have The alternative courses offered the Freshmen and
been translated for the “ Revue des Deux Mondes.” Sophomores are literary with a rhetorical flavor.
He was an enemy of the German Empire and a In the first year a number of prose authors are read,
champion of the Jew. His serious works include
with comment on their style. In the second, the
“ Ungarns Untergang und Maria," “ Kaunitz,” “ Æs class uses Professor Minto’s admirable Manual. It
thetik des Hässlichen,” and “ Ueber den Werth der seems that there are always a number of students
Kritik.” He was made a member of the Legion who make very little of rhetoric as usually taught;
of Honor by the French Government.
we want, in these courses, to see whether they can
do as well by reading good authors as their class-
mates do by more direct practice in means and meth-
ods. In all four courses there is a good deal of
ENGLISH AT THE STATE UNIVER essay-writing. But as far as we can see at present,
SITY OF IOWA.*
the direct work will give the better results.
In the elective courses, we draw the line sharply
The State University of Iowa has one Professor
between linguistic work and literary. If it were
of English and one Instructor, and offers during the practical, I should like to divide further, giving
present year eight courses. All but one of these
courses devoted particularly to literary history and
are two-hour courses, making a total of seventeen
to the interpretation of literature. As it is, how-
hours, the actual teaching time being somewhat more, ever, these last subjects are treated in the same
owing to division in classes. Of these eight courses,
courses. In linguistics we give this year a course
four are required. In the Freshman year a choice in Old English and another on Historical English
is given between courses I. and II.; in the Sopho- Grammar. But these courses (and a course in
more year, between III. and IV. There are about
Middle English as well that has been given) are
two hundred and fifty students registered in the va not favorites with the student body, and are only
rious courses, counting perhaps twenty names twice. given on alternate years.
Besides these courses, the University offers two
For courses in literature, besides the Freshman
courses in Elocution and a good deal of private work
course (II.) described above, and the course in En.
under a special instructor, and for next year it offers glish Prosé (IV.), there is given this year a course
a course in Debating under the joint supervision of of lectures on English Poetry. The subject of this
the Professors of Political Science, Philosophy, and
course is changed each year, so that the student who
English. But these latter matters hardly come within wishes may in three years get a fairly complete
the scope of the present series of articles.
view of English poetry from Chaucer down, includ-
In the required work of the English Department, ing a good deal of work on Shakespeare.
there are two lines offered to the student. Courses
A seminary, in the stricter American sense of a
I. and III. are strictly rhetorical in character, being research course, we do not have. We do, how-
the only courses in Rhetoric that we give. In these ever, give a course for seniors and graduates, which
bears a fairly close resemblance in character to the
* This article is the ninth of an extended series on the
Teaching of English at American Colleges and Universities,
seminar of a smaller German university. The work
of which the following have already appeared in The DIAL: of this course is generally concerned with some as-
English at Yale University, by Professor Albert S. Cook pects of criticism, and we sometimes follow one
(Feb. 1); English at Columbia College, by Professor Bran-
method, sometimes another. I have gone over a
der Matthews (Feb. 16); English at Harvard University, by
Professor Barrett Wendell (March 1); English at Stanford
text-book, or lectured, or given out topics for orig-
University, by Professor Melville B. Anderson (March 16); inal work. The main idea is that by means of the
English at Cornell University, by Professor Hiram Corson closer personal relation possible through the inform-
(April 1); English at the University of Virginia, by Professor
alities of the seminary, the spirit of self-reliance and
Charles W. Kent (April 16); English at the University of
Illinois, by Professor D. K. Dodge (May 1); and English at
independence shall be developed in the members.
Lafayette College, by Prof. F. A. March (May 16).- [EDR. It will easily be seen from this sketch of our
DIAL.]
work that the basis of our method is the cutting


1894.]
329
THE DIAL
our coat somewhat according to our cloth. We methods that these new demands are calling forth —
have a good many students, and there are certain the “ analytical” method, the “inductive" method, the
things that must be done : beyond is the great num-
“psychological" method,—and how many beside ? The
ber of things that may be done. We try to com-
fatal objection in every case is that each method, taken
pass the necessities first, and of the possibilities we
by itself, is inadequate and one-sided, although almost
all of them have merits. To force any one of these
grasp at as many as circumstances will permit.
methods upon our universities would be but to repeat
We have two main ideas: first, to give plenty of op the disastrous experiment with the inadequate and one-
portunity to those who wish to gain a good English sided philological method. The real difficulty lies in
style; and second, to encourage a feeling and taste the fact that while literary form is a definite subject,
for good literature. It is a pity that we cannot de capable of definite presentation, the content of litera-
velop further than we do the more scientific aspects ture — which to the popular mind is its vital side-im-
of linguistic study and of criticism and literary his- pinges more or less upon most of the university depart-
tory. But these are matters which for the present
ments concerned with the humanities: history, philos-
we have to leave almost untouched.
ophy, sociology, art, and the rest. The teacher of En-
glish who concerns himself with the subject matter of
EDWARD E. HALE, JR. his texts soon wanders into forbidden fields -- and lo!
Professor of the English Language and Literature,
the dilletante. Under the old education, when the
State University of Iowa.
chief groundwork of the other humanities was absorbed
through literary texts, it was another matter. The ques-
tion is, What is the field for the teacher of English lit-
erature ? Does it properly extend outside of literary
COMMUNICATIONS.
history, literary aesthetics, the theory and analysis of
style, versification and rhetoric, and the necessary phil-
HOW SHALL ENGLISH LITERATURE BE ological apparatus ?
TAUGHT?
Above all, let us save the teaching of literature from
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
the men of one method, the successors in disguise of
The articles on the teaching of English at American
the philologists, and from poachers wandering from
universities, in current numbers of THE DIAL, are sig-
other fields who seek to make literature their prey, but
nificant of the growing popular interest in the subject.
whose real interest is in ethics, or psychology, or so-
Nevertheless it is noticeable with what commendable ciology, or linguistics, or even in rhetorical analysis and
caution the several authors avoid the more general and
the general pseudo-sciences of literature so-called.
C.
popular aspects of the question. But the question is
one that is properly within the keeping of the educated
Chicago, May 20, 1894.
opinion of non-professionals, and that concerns the read-
ing and literary public more than any other technical
REVIVAL OF A CLASSIC PUZZLE.
question. The movement for a reformed teaching of
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
English in the universities represents the outcome of
While the echoes of the recent discussion of the Latin
the general reaction against a one-sided and prevail. inscription on the World's Fair Obelisk are still heard,
ingly philological or linguistic presentation of the sub-
it may be of interest to reproduce the famous inscrip-
ject, - a movement which has been going on here and
tion graven on the vestibule wall of the palace of the
abroad for the last twenty years. The general tone of Counts of Sanbonifazio, at Padua. This famous epigraph,
the articles in The Dial indicates the willingness—in-
though written with the utmost purity, has yet to have
deed, the eagerness—of the teachers of English in the
its meaning solved.
universities to meet the demands for a reformed method.
A.M.P.P.D.
In some respects it even may be thought that the reac-
Aelia Laelia Crispis
tion is becoming extreme.
nec vir, nec mulier, nec androgyna
The interesting question, of course, is by what
nec puella, nec juvenis, nec anus
method may English literature, as distinguished from
nec casta, nec meretrix, nec pudica
English philology, be properly taught to advanced
sed omnia
sublata
classes. Everybody is agreed that it should be taught
neque fame, neque ferro, neque veneno
as literature,—that a purely literary method should be
sed omnibus
employed. But what is the true literary method ? The
nec coelo, nec aquis, nec terris
teaching of literature in English, in the first place, in-
sed ubique jacet
volves several technical difficulties. There is no exer-
Lucius Agatho Priscius
cise of translation - in itself a delicate and searching
nec maritus, nec amator, nec necessarius
literary process when properly pursued,—as there is in
neque moerens, neque gaudens, neque flens
teaching literature in other languages to English-speak-
hanc
ing students. In place of this it has been proposed to
nec pyramidem, nec molem, nec sepulcrum
substitute “interpretation.” But literary "interpreta-
sed omnia
scit et nescit cui posuerit.
tion,” even if it could be accurately defined, is a very
inadequate and colorless substitute. Others — among
A whole library has been written concerning this inscrip-
them, Professor Corson, perhaps—would make finished
tion, and it has been a puzzle to Latin scholars for gen-
recitation and reading aloud take the place of the exer-
erations. A recent issue of an Italian journal contained
cise of translation. Both methods under strict lim-
an extensive article on it, but no satisfactory conclusion
itations have their uses; but either one, pursued alone,
as to its meaning, whether taken literally or metaphor-
is grotesquely inadequate for employment with ad- | ically, has been reached.
CHARLES EDWARDS.
vanced classes. Then there are the various scientific" Chicago, May 18, 1894.


330
[June 1,
THE DIAL
that it was Mr. Youmans who secured their
The New Books.
publication and this generous recognition. It
was he who watched carefully for every worthy
AN INTERPRETER OF SCIENCE FOR book in “the new science,” who called the atten-
THE PEOPLE.*
tion of the firm to it, arranged with the author,
In sketching for us the life of Edward L. helped it through the press, saw that it was
Youmans, Mr. John Fiske is writing of one to properly reviewed and given a chance before
whom he refers as his best and dearest friend." our one-time somewhat philistine public. This
He calls him “ the interpreter of science for the was in itself a vast educational work.
people.” No name could be more happily chosen. Mr. Youmans early became interested in Mr.
The story of such a friend and of such a worker Herbert Spencer and his philosophy. He sought
should be both interesting and valuable; and acquaintance with the great Englishman - an
such we find it.
acquaintance which became personal, ripened
We may pass by the description of Mr. You into friendship, showing itself in a thousand
mans's childhood and young manhood. It is helpful ways. Through Youmans, Mr. Spen-
very interesting, and is well given ; it is even cer's writings were published in America, and
pathetic. There were years when strict econ to him much of their success here was due.
omy was necessary, the boyhood of diligent
Mr. Fiske says:
“ As long as he [Youmans]
reading and study, the early manhood's hope lived, Mr. Spencer had upon this side of the
of a college education blasted by blindness last Atlantic an alter ego ever on the alert, with
ing thirteen weary years. There was the no-
vision like that of a hawk for the slightest
ble effort to make a living by literary work, chance to promote his interests and those of
against obstacles which would have discouraged his system of thought.” So true was this that
most men. But courage and hard work con on one occasion Mr. William Appleton said a
quered ; success came, and with its dawn light very good thing in the matter :
too came to those eyes so long darkened, and a “ Henry Carey called in to blow up the Appletons for
magnificent career opened.
publishing Spencer's free-trade doctrines. Spencer was
Youmans was a writer; his text-book of
an upstart; his system would soon die like Comte's
and Mill's. Said W. H. Appleton, “I can tell you one
chemistry made a real sensation, and his other
thing — Spencer won't die so long as Youmans lives.”
works are of value. He was a born teacher ;
In 1862 Youmans made his first visit to En-
apt at illustration, clear in explanation : his gland, and met Mr. Spencer personally. His
diagrams illustrating the binary theory of chem- first impressions are interestingly given in a
istry were most useful. He was a brilliant lec-
letter to his sister, so well known on account
turer; his public discussions of scientific themes
of her own work in science. From it we select
aroused profound interest. Writer, teacher, lec-
a few passages :
turer, in either field he might have made a ca-
“ He is the most prompt, ready, adaptive and useful
reer, in all he won true recognition. But it was man in such an expedition I have ever known. He is
not in these that his greatest usefulness lay. wonderfully practical, and handles circumstances as they
His chief claim to remembrance lies in a three-
arise with all the energy and readiness of an experienced
business man. :::
His health is bad. The difficulty is
fold work of a different sort: he introduced the
with his brain—sleeplessness. He has not had a night's
works of the greatest European writers to an rest since he wrote the Psychology. He can't sleep, and
ignorant American public, he founded the In if he does he wakes ten or twenty times during the night.
ternational Scientific Series" of books, he es He is very excitable, and when excited cannot sleep at
tablished the “Popular Science Monthly."
all, and gets alarmed at the state of his brain and flies
from the scene of danger. . . He did not say much to
Everyone knows that the Appletons are the
me about his experience, but alluded to it two or three
publishers in this country of the great English times in a very simple and touching way in connection
scientists. The famous works of Darwin, Hux-
with the assistance he had received from America. That
ley, Lubbock, Tyndall, and Spencer are issued
is all the profit he has ever yet had from his work, and
he said it was as grateful and opportune as it was un-
from their house. Everyone does not know that,
expected, for he had but little hope from that quarter;
notwithstanding the opportunity for piracy that and when I looked upon the man, with his health
our copyright laws allow, these authors have re broken and nerves shattered, and remembered that his
ceived a generous royalty from these publishers. is the foremost intellect of our civilization, and that he
Some may know these facts, but may not know
is a man beyond all other men of his age to control the
thought of the future; when I thought of him hampered
EDWARD LIVINGSTON YOUMANS: Interpreter of Science
and harassed for want of means to publish his great
for the People. By John Fiske. New York: D. Appleton thoughts — as having to think for the world and then
& Co.
having to pay the expense of instruction, setting up other


1894.]
331
THE DIAL
men in intellectual business with a paragraph,— I con has supported it. It has been fearless and out-
fess I thanked God that I have had a little opportunity spoken. Until his death in 1887, Youmans
to do him service."
was the chief editor, although for long his
We cannot speak further of this so great brother, Dr. W. J. Youmans (the present ed-
work; it led naturally to the next, the “ Inter-
itor) shared the burden. As editor, he was
national Scientific Series.” This was a bold en-
ever ready to speak clearly and plainly upon
terprise. To have the world's leaders in science
the burning questions of the day. The monthly
prepare handy books, fit for popular reading,
has been repeatedly branded as irreligious and
upon some phase of their special theme; to
atheistic. It has never been either. Edward
publish them simultaneously in America, En.
Livingston Youmans was profoundly independ-
gland, Germany, France, Italy, Russia; to have
ent, an original thinker, who never flinched
the authors properly remunerated for the pub-
from speaking out a careful thought; but he
lication in each country,—such were the novel
was himself a man profoundly religious and
features of the scheme. One cannot easily
earnest. We may perhaps fitly close this re-
conceive the labor involved in planning, inaugu- view of his work by two quotations from his
rating, and carrying out such an enterprise.
address on “ The Religious Work of Science”:
There were many discouragements and difficul-
“ The theologians who claimed to be authorized ex-
ties. England was first visited. Here You-
pounders of the divine policy insisted not only that
mans needed every help that those whom he breaks and interruptions of the natural order occurred,
had assisted could give. Mr. Spencer was in-
but they maintained that it is in these breaches of it
terested, and worked in various ways. Profes-
that the Creator is most conspicuously and impressively
seen. Holding that the normal phenomena are of small
sor Huxley's argument seems to have been a
concern while their ruptures alone disclose divine inter-
telling one with the English scientists: “Hux vention, they left it to the men of science to work out
ley backed me up grandly, and told them how the natural order to its completeness, and to vindicate
much he had received from the Appletons for
the Almighty, whose wisdom is witnessed not in the vio-
lations, but in the perfections of his works” (p. 494).
reprints.” At last England was gained ; then
“In a religious point of view, it (evolution] has but
France was visited, and then Germany. Of one significance. Offering a grander conception of the
this last he wrote: “ Germany is more ripe for cosmical order and a deeper insight into its wonderful
the movement than even England ; its best men
workings than had ever before been obtained, it is the
sublimest tribute that the human mind has ever made
can be procured. It was Huxley's name which
to the glory of the Divine power to which it must be
carried the thing there.” And so, at last, the ascribed. With the acceptance of evolution the un-
new venture was started. It has been pro worthy philosophy which has sought to honor God by
foundly successful, and the seventy volumes or the derangements of his own work comes to an end and
more, in uniform red binding - now so well the argument passes into a new phase” (p. 499).
known-are to be seen in every library. The
FREDERICK STARR.
excellence of the work is shown by the names
of the authors and the titles of their books :
sample them Tyndall's “ Forms of Wa-
CHILE AND THE CHILEANS.*
ter,” Spencer's “Study of Sociology,” Cooke’s
The western hemisphere contains two dis-
“ New Chemistry,” Maudsley's “ Responsibil-
tinct civilizations. In the north the Anglo-
ity,” Whitney's “Life and Growth of Lan-
Saxon race has founded a splendid republic,
guage,” de Quatrefages' “ Human Species,"
composed of a people sturdy in principle, in-
Tylor's “ Anthropology,” Semper's “Animal
Life.” And all of this for American readers,
dependent in government, shrewd and ener-
getic in business. In the south has grown up
the outgrowth of one man's idea!
that heterogeneous, freedom-loving, brave and
And from it grew the third special work of unreliable race that has built up and over-
Youmans's useful life—the “Popular Science
thrown governments for a hundred years, and
Monthly." We cannot go into details to show
is still struggling toward the light of a pure
how it was partly connected with the Spencer
republicanism. But though living in the same
propaganda. The first number appeared in hemisphere, we of the north have very vague
April, 1872. From that month till the
pres notions concerning our southern neighbors.
ent time it has done an excellent—nay, a great Latin America is popularly supposed to be
work. It has had dark days; it has been
the country where revolutions are the only di.
bitterly assailed and decried, but it has gone
on and has made a profound impression. The
*A HISTORY OF CHILE. By Anson Uriel Hancock.
American Republics " series. Chicago : Charles H. Sergel
American public has needed such a journal and & Co.
“ Latin


332
(June 1,
THE DIAL
version, where the people are lazy, and where social life: the colonial system, which bound
the unscrupulous are the successful. We read and fettered colonist and Indian alike for nearly
in our daily papers of an insurgent navy in Bra three hundred years. This period is briefly but
zil, of a deposed president in Honduras, of one adequately treated ; and then the author passes
dictator and two presidents trying at one and on to the war of independence, which is told in
the same time to manage Peruvian affairs ; and fuller detail. In South America the contagion
we smile with superior pity, and wonder what of liberty spread from province to province,
they will do next. We accept as a foregone and the struggle for freedom was combined and
conclusion that “next” will be another up simultaneous. The history of the revolution in
beaval of some sort, though few of us have Chile is linked with that of the Argentine Re-
any historic knowledge upon which to base our public, of Peru, and of Colombia. The names
suppositions. We are in a state of Cimmer of San Martín, of Bolívar, and of Belgrano are
ian darkness concerning the antecedents of our honored in all alike. It is impossible, there-
restless neighbors. It is to dispel this darkness fore, to give a perfectly satisfactory account of
of ignorance, and to arouse a wider and deeper Chile's struggle for independence in the limited
interest in Latin American affairs, that a series space allotted to that period. The author has
of historical works is being issued by Messrs. succeeded, however, in making clear the part
C. H. Sergel & Co., the initial volume of that she played in the great drama of liberty.
which was a history of Peru by the brilliant The most interesting portion of the book to
writer and able historian, Mr. Clements R. northern readers is that contained in Parts IV.
Markbam. This is now followed by a history of and V., which are devoted to an account of the
Chile by Mr. Anson Uriel Hancock. Other vol. war with Peru and Bolivia, and the civil war
umes are in course of preparation, and we hope of 1891. In the former, Mr. Hancock treats
soon to see a complete set of the Latin Amer his subject very impartially,—a difficult thing
ican Republics. The aim is to give a histor to do, for in this war the Chileans were clearly
ical sketch of the several republics, from the the aggressors. After reading Mr. Markham's
time of the conquest, through the periods of account of the same war, one's sympathies are
colonial rule and of wars for independence, enlisted for the Peruvians, who were mown
down through this last century of struggle for down by hundreds while defending their coun-
constitutional freedom.
try against a foe whose only excuse for invasion
Chile is one of the most interesting and best was covetousness. And so Mr. Hancock's non-
known of the republics. Her belligerent atti committal attitude is the more notable.
tude during our late little unpleasantness with In Part V., which deals with the civil war
her gave irresistible opportunities to the carica of 1891, President Balmaceda is treated with
turist and to the writer of scathing editorials, kindly justice. He is given full credit for his
so that the
peppery little southerner became a work as an educator, as a man of advanced re-
very familiar figure. The story of Chile's con ligious and intellectual views, and as a "good-
quest by the Spaniards is thrilling and roman natured gentleman.” But his faults are not
tic in the extreme. The stubborn persistency condoned. He is condemned for his blind stub-
and cold cruelty of Almagro rivals that of Pi. bornness in asserting dictatorial powers, and
The bold defiance and unyielding re for his wanton cruelty during the war. His
sistance of the Araucanians contrasts with the most politic action was leaving the world when
superstitious fear and dreary fatalism of the he did, for this self-sacrifice in removing him-
Incas and Aztecs. The bold exploits of the self as the promoter of contention won clem-
youthful Lautaro, and of the girl warrior Jane- ency toward his followers.
queo, vie with any tale of Spartan valor or Mr. Hancock concludes his volume with an
of French heroism. Mr. Hancock has treated interesting description of Chile and the Chile-
this period in a conscientious manner, giving ans of to-day. In the appendix are statistics,
the details of the various campaigns with great the English text of the constitution of Chile,
fidelity. There may be a lack of color in his and a full list of authorities on Chilean history.
treatment, but the plain incidents themselves It is to be hoped the other volumes in this use-
are perhaps sufficiently vivid for the average ful series will follow rapidly, for we feel assured
reader. But it was not the character of the that they will aid us in a solution of the polit-
conquest alone that modified and moulded the ical, commercial, and social problems which
history of Chile. Another element exercised face us in these republics.
a more powerful influence on the political and
ELIZABETH WALLACE.
zarro.


1894.]
333
THE DIAL
BOOKS ABOUT NATURE.*
sentences Mrs. Thaxter strikes a high note which is
sustained throughout her dissertation. Flowers, she
There is nothing like contact with Nature to keep declares, have been like dear friends to her from
the heart warm and young. It is the true elixir of her infancy, “comforters, inspirers, powers to up-
life, preserving the freshness, the simplicity, and the
lift and to cheer.” The seed from which they
sweetness of childhood to the farthest limits of old spring, the dust which nourishes them, were mar-
age. A love for the flowers, the birds, the clouds
vels overpowering her with a sense of magic and
and the stars, the hills and the seas, for any
form
mystery. Every blade of grass and humble weed
of wild thing or wild life, is the gift of all others to
filled her with awe and delight, and by the age of
be desired. Who has it can in no case be quite des five her fervor of adoration had become like that
titute or joyless. To him there will be possibilities of the fire-worshipper who falls prostrate at the
of comfort and happiness opening up everywhere
presence of the sun. Her intensity of feeling is a
around. A glimpse of the dancing sunshine, a walk
continual surprise, yet is attended with such dig-
in the open fields, a handful of blossoms, a snatchnity, and leads to such singular and protracted sac-
of untutored song from the hedgerow or tree-top, rifice for the objects of her regard, that it commands
suffices to flood his being with an ecstacy such as admiring respect. An affection that for weeks to-
only they with kindred souls can understand. Abund- gether can call one out of bed at four o'clock in the
ant proof of this truth is offered in a series of expe- morning; that will hold one to drudging toil from
riences just now happily published for the convic-
that hour on to sunset; that will take one out in
tion of mankind.
the lonely darkness of midnight to minister to some
The first to fall under my hand is the history of
suffering or imperilled plant; that will induce one
“ An Island Garden," by Mrs. Celia Thaxter.
to bend for many long days in succession over beds
Everybody knows that the home of this writer has
of flowers to rid them of weeds and worms and bugs;
been for the greater portion of her life in one of
that will, in short, furnish the motive and support
the Isles of Shoals, lying some nine miles off the for incessant work which most persons would pro-
coast of New Hampshire. Everybody knows, too,
nounce unbearable drudgery, is of a nature that
that here she has distilled from the strong salt breezes deserves to be called heroic. Such is the love Mrs.
and the unshadowed sunlight playing round her iso Thaxter cherishes for her garden—a space of only
lated habitation, qualities remarkable for the nur-
fifty feet by fifteen, which yields, as her record
ture of an imagination that was inherently of a
demonstrates, astonishing fruits to both senses and
vigorous character. But everybody does not know
spirit. The flowers are worth all they cost, as an
what wonderful stimulus to the health and happi: inspiration to their owner, who, in the transports of
ness of body and mind she has created for herself
emotion they kindle, writes of them with an elo-
in the cultivation of the vegetable prodigies that
can be coaxed to grow in a fertile plot of ground.
quence which does not pale in comparison with the
gorgeous passages of Ruskin. She describes the
At the solicitation of friends, she has unfolded the
California poppy, for example, with an exuberance
tale in a volume which attracts attention by its
and felicity of diction that justify her daring inser-
sumptuous exterior as well as by its unique contents.
tion of the great master's famous word-painting of
The pictures embellishing it must in the first mo-
the red poppy, alongside of it. A brief extract will
ment be disposed of, for they are by Childe Has-
give an indication of her graphic power:
sam, whose name is sufficient to pique curiosity.
“As I hold the flower in my hand and think of try-
They are in colors, and sympathetically illustrate
ing to describe it, I realize how poor a creature I am,
the letter-press, furnishing a variety of outdoor and
how impotent are words in the presence of such perfec-
indoor views. All are conceived with artistic feel tion. It is held upright upon a straight and polished
ing, which in most instances is charmingly carried stem, its petals curving upward and outward into the
out. The minor drawings are likewise graceful and cup of light, pure gold with a lustrous satin sheen; a
suggestive. In harmony with the pictures are the rich orange is painted on the gold, drawn in infinitely
various details of the book-maker's art, with a result fine lines to a point in the centre of the edge of each
rivalling the volumes de luxe we are used to asso-
petal, so that the effect is that of a diamond of flame
ciate with the holiday period. In the introductory
in a cup of gold. It is not enough that the powdery
anthers are orange bordered with gold; they are whirled
* An ISLAND GARDEN. By Celia Thaxter. With Pictures about the very heart of the flower like a revolving Cath-
and Illuminations by Childe Hassam. Boston: Houghton, erine wheel of fire. In the centre of the anthers is a
Miffin & Co.
shining point of warm sea-green, a last consummate
A BIRD-LOVER IN THE WEST. By Olive Thorne Miller.
touch which makes the beauty of the blossom supreme.
Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
Another has the orange suffused through the gold evenly,
By MOORLAND AND SEA. By Francis A. Knight, author
of " By Leafy Ways,"' “ Idylls of the Field," etc. Illustrated
almost to the outer edges of the petals, which are left
by the author. Boston: Roberts Brothers.
in bright, light yellow with a dazzling effect. Turning
PICTURES IN PROSE, of Nature, Wild Sport, and Humble
the flower and looking at it from the outside, it has no
Life. By Aubyn Trevor-Battye, B.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., mem-
calyx, but the petals spring from a simple pale-green
ber of British Ornithologists' Union. New York: Longmans, disk, which must needs be edged with sea-shell pink for
Green, & Co.
the glory of God! The fresh splendor of this flower no
TRAVELS IN A TREE-TOP. By Charles Conrad Abbott. tongue nor pen nor brush of mortal man can fitly re-
Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company,
present."


334
[June 1,
THE DIAL
An excerpt usually does scant justice to an author; the noteworthy incidents occurring in her observa-
but there are frequent paragraphs and pages in tion of Western birds, among which were the long-
“ An Island Garden ” that one will of necessity tailed chat, the water-ouzel, the magpie, the rock-
read aloud to a companion, and will mark and re wren, the cardinal grosbeak, and blackbirds. Mrs.
turn to with ever-renewed enjoyment of their pas Miller pursues a peculiar mode of study. Arrived
sionate ardor and poetic phraseology. Many inter at her chosen place of research, she adopts a dress
esting notes on the habits of birds in an island home devoid of conspicuous colors, and, equipped with a
are interspersed through the volume. The song camp-stool and opera-glass, seeks the spot where
sparrows scratch up pounds of flower seeds every some pair of enticing songsters have established
Spring in Mrs. Thaxter's garden, and yet she loves their household. Then, seated in a near sheltering
them as she does the swallows and the humming thicket, she waits and watches in patient silence to
birds which are as familiar as members of one fam note the doings of the unsuspecting couple. The
ily in the circumscribed space of Appledore. hours daily passed in this unremitting investigation
After the brilliant essay on “ An Island Garden,” seldom go by without a due reward. Many new
there is no appreciable decline in turning to “A
and interesting traits of even our common birds have
Bird-Lover in the West,” by Olive Thorne Miller.
been thus detected by Mrs. Miller, who has earned
It is pitched in a lower key; it is quieter in every
an honorable place among naturalists by her orig-
way.
But the book has virtues of its own, which inal and accurate observations. Naturally, there
win the reader's immediate favor. The sane and is a mingling of the tragical and the comical in her
sensible spirit pervading it imparts a healthful im- vagrant experiences. An affair amusingly described
pression. At times the reader is aware how the
was the sudden intrusion into her secluded thicket
author's pulses are thrilling, yet she retains full con of a quadriped of the bovine race, which to her
trol over her enthusiasm, not once suffering it to womanly horror proved to be “no meek cow." There
escape in strained or hysterical expression. This is could be but one conclusion — a rapid and discom-
saying a great deal, for bird-lovers are true lovers,
fited flight on the part of the observer, who, until
and human excitement seldom runs higher than dur-
the end of that special case under study, hired an
ing the gracious interviews they secure with the impecunious young college student to sit on guard
feathered beauties they are wooing. The good sense
near her retreat, with a club in one hand and a
characterizing Mrs. Miller is exhibited in her method geometry he was laboriously mastering grasped
of enjoying a holiday. It is her custom every year
tightly in the other.
in nesting-time to spend a month or more in some The sketches “ By Moorland and Sea," from the
locality favorable to the study of wild birds. It is
pen of Mr. Francis A. Knight, treat, as their title in-
her season of rest and recreation, and, as she re dicates, of scenes met with in pilgrimages by sea and
lates, the instant of departure from home she takes land. The writer is not unknown to us, this being
herself in hand, determined to cast away care and the third collection of his papers which has appeared
worry and be free to make the most of the precious in an American reprint from the original English
weeks of pastime.
edition. A representative of what is best in his
“ To insure any measure of success, I always go alone; countrymen, Mr. Knight possesses wide culture and
one familiar face would make the effort of no avail; and
refined tastes. With the bent of a naturalist, from
I seek a place where I am a stranger, so that my ordinary early boyhood he has scanned the earth with a keen
life cannot be recalled to me. When I reach my tem-
porary home I forget, or at least ignore, my notions as
searching eye which no feature of out-door life has
to what I shall eat or drink, or how I shall sleep. I
been able to escape. He knows the wild plants in
take the goods the gods provide, and adjust myself to
their myriad retreats and calls them readily by name,
them. Even these little things help one out of his old
and the ways of all creeping and flying things are
ways of thought and life. To still further banish home familiar to him as are those of his own kind. Thus, in
concerns, I mark upon my calendar one week before the yachting, or camping, or merely sauntering, there
day I shall start for home, and sternly resolve that not is no end of incident enlisting his attention, and this
until I reach that day will I give one thought to my re he transfers to his sketch-book with an easy grace
turn, but will live as though I meant to stay always. I that is invariable. He describes the scenery in
take no work of any sort, and I banish books, excepting
a few poets and studies of nature. · · Holding my-
northern Scotland brought into view in a nautical
self in this attitude of mind, I secure a change almost
trip, the midsummer fields, an old manor-house, the
as complete as if I stepped out of my body and left it
birds-nester, and aspects of winter, with minuteness
resting, while I refreshed myself at the fountain of life.” and intelligence, causing his readers to see and en-
These are the words of an energetic, independent joy with him much which they would never have
woman, who is wise enough to discern the right
discovered of themselves. The illustrations are ad-
way to profit by a summer's outing, and strong mirably reproduced from drawings or photographs
enough to hold to it in defiance of custom and cir.
done by the author.
cumstance. The chapters comprising her present A similar marked type of the English gentleman
volume detail the experiences of three seasons spent is found in Mr. Aubyn Trevor-Battye, one of her
respectively in Utah, Colorado, and Southern Ohio. Majesty's dashing soldiers who hunts and fishes,
They are bright, piquant narratives, embodying zoologizes and poetizes, and finally recounts the


1894.]
335
THE DIAL
" Americanism"
history of it all with equal zest and ability. He has American ”-a position, on the whole, not specially
scored a fair success in his “ Pictures in Prose,” a flattering to the country he started from. To Mr.
book made up of short tales from humble life, and Partridge's notion that an American endangers his
descriptions of nature and wild sport. Mr. Trevor- manhood by taking an occasional trip to Europe,
Battye has speared the noble salmon in our West we are tempted to reply with Mr. Burchell's favorite
ern waters, and hunted the deer and moose in the monosyllable—“Fudge ! Such tourist may pos-
wilds of the Rockies and of British America. sibly come back with the un-American conviction
Another of the odd, limited fraternity who pre-
that London, Paris, and Berlin are better built, bet-
fer to anything else in life a stroll or a sojourn in ter kept, and better ruled than New York, Boston,
some solitary place where wild creatures may be
and Chicago; but this would hardly affect his man-
surprised and shot, with at least an eye-glance, is
hood otherwise than by leading to a useful display
Dr. Charles Conrad Abbott, the author of several
of it at the primaries. Naturally Mr. Partridge
volumes of natural history sketches, and of the last disapproves of foreign study for American artists.
in the present group, called from the opening piece, They should, he thinks, stay at home and be “ nur-
“ Travels in a Tree-top.” Dr. Abbott takes mat-
tured and developed there.” As this view seems
ters leisurely in observing and in writing, which
to involve the theorem that for American artists
makes the latter just a little heavy. The student
the best place for art-study is the place where the
of nature will go through his books from cover to advantages for it are fewest, it scarcely needs dis-
cover for the sake of the scattered remarks that cussion. We suspect these confused notions about
add to his stock of coveted lore, but the general
art-education (which are not peculiar to the author)
reader will be apt to complain of his lack of vivac- spring from an imperfect view of the fact that art
ity and spicy anecdote.
is, as Hamerton states it, “ at bottom a refined
SARA A. HUBBARD.
handicraft.” People are apt to ignore, when they
talk about the amount of “soul,” etc., a painter puts
into his picture, the part played by the trained eyes
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
and fingers. The great artist is the one who to
great mental gifts joins a consummate mastery of
The purpose of Mr. William Ord-
his craft—of a system of technical processes which
way Partridge's “ Art for America”
in art-education.
have nothing at all to do with religion, or morals,
(Roberts), six essays reprinted from
or patriotism, or Americanism, or any other abstrac-
the “ Arena,” the “New England Magazine,” etc., is tion of the kind whatever. These processes can be
“to raise art to its rightful place in the scheme of
best learned where they are best taught, and where
general education.” Mr. Partridge's aim is laud-
their best results are to be found in the greatest
able, and much that he says is sound and suggest- profusion—that is to say, in the schools and galler-
ive; but unfortunately his art views have got
ies of Europe; whither we trust every American
tangled up at the start with his “ Americanism.”
youth of marked artistic promise may be aided or
The ground-view of his preface seems to be that
persuaded to betake himself. Mr. Partridge's es-
what we are to do as a people, if our art is ever to
says, despite his tendency to soar away from the
amount to much, is to keep ourselves to ourselves,
terra firma of plain writing and plain thinking, are
and not rub elbows too freely with other nations.
occasionally sound and coherent; and the publish-
This policy, we gather, is a condition precedent of
ers have given them a neat and handy setting.
the great national art in posse (or in nubibus ),
which, when it finally dawns, is to be, like that other
The first number of the much her-
impending wonder, “ Western Literature,” strictly number of the alded “ Yellow Book” has appeared,
unique, and no mere cheap modification of a parent
“ Yellow Book,"
Messrs. Copeland & Day being the
stock. Mr. Partridge thinks this art would come American publishers. It is an illustrated quarterly
sooner and be even more unique if we did not travel magazine, edited by Mr. Henry Harland, and real-
so much. He is quite sharp with us on this text. izing in a measure the suggestion made by Mr. How-
“One of the dangers,” he says, “which threatens ells in “ A Hazard of New Fortunes.” That is, each
our art, and I may say our manhood, is that of over number of the periodical is to be a cloth-bound book,
travel.” Mr. Partridge is not alone in this opinion, complete in itself. In appearance, " The Yellow
which is pretty frequently advanced in one shape Book" is attractive, except for the cover, upon the
or another — usually, it may be added, by people design of which the imagination of Mr. Aubrey
whose own opportunities for travel have been lim- | Beardsley has been permitted to run riot. Now
ited. It is generally admitted that the foreigner Mr. Beardsley is a very clever young man, and he
may enlarge and enrich his mind as much as pos sometimes displays a real mastery of line, but he
sible by travel without thereby endangering his misses as frequently as he hits, and he has distinctly
status as a citizen and patriot. But with an Amer missed in the present instance. Illustrations are
ican, it seems, the case alters. He loses his pa also supplied by Sir Frederic Leighton, Mr. Joseph
triotism in proportion as he sheds his provincial- Pennell, Mr. Laurence Housman, Mr. J. T. Nettle-
ism; and the further he travels and the more ship, and others. In spite of these names the book
he learns, the less likely he is to return a “good l is something of a disappointment upon the decora-
The initial


336
[June 1,
THE DIAL
ume.
tive side. Mr. Nettleship’s " Head of Minos” is den, studies Dryden's criticism more fully, considers
the most striking of the pictures. As for paper and the course of the evolution out of classicism in the
print, they are exceptionally beautiful, although we eighteenth century, interpolates a section on Ger-
cannot say that we like the square form of the vol man æsthetics considered as a source of Coleridge's
Of the contents, we may first mention the criticism, and ends with an excellent study of Col.
poems, which are contributed by Messrs. Le Gal- eridge's critical ideas. Miss Wylie keeps in view
lienne, A. C. Benson, Watson, Symons, Gosse, and throughout the period studied the relations of French
Davidson. So good a collection of names and pieces and German to English literature, and aims broadly
of verse is not often found within the covers of a to connect technical literary criticism with the pro-
single issue of any periodical. The prose contents gress of critical thought in æsthetics and general
open with “The Death of the Lion,” a story in the philosophy. The defect of the work is a somewhat
subtlest manner of Mr. Henry James. Other im over-ambitious attempt to digest and present the
aginative work of high or at least fair quality is con study of too large a field in too small a space, re-
tributed by Miss Ella d'Arcy, Mr. F. M. Simpson, sulting in a style of copious and incessant general-
and the editor. “ The Fool's Hour,” caustically ization. To the few students who have been over
pleasing, is a play by “ John Oliver Hobbes” and precisely the same ground, the work will be sug-
Mr. George Moore. The serious features are Mr. gestive. To other readers it will prove interesting,
Arthur Waugh's admirable essay on “Reticence in but elusive and inconclusive. An historical mono-
Literature,” and Dr. Richard Garnett's “ The Love- graph, perhaps, even when written for specialists,
Story of Luigi Tansillo," with translations of Tan should aim at thoroughness and concreteness of dem-
sillo's
's sonnets. The contents are filled out by two onstration, rather than at purely suggestive gener-
or three other things, entirely insignificant, which alization.
might better have been omitted. The names that
we have above enumerated certainly constitute a re-
With all our scoffing at the preva-
Field sports
markable array, yet the general impression left after
lent" Anglomania," the malady must
for women.
examination of the book is that not more than two or
be allowed to have had its good re-
three of them are represented by their better work.
sults. Chief of these, we think, is the inoculation
The sponsors of this new-born periodical have kept
of the youth of this land with the English love of
their promise in excluding “actuality" from its
out-door sports. Thirty years ago, before the ad-
pages. There is nothing timely about any of the
vent of “Anglomania,” no part of the Anglo-Saxon
contents as far as subject matter is concerned. But
world could show on the average (we have Dr.
the sort of “ actuality” that finds expression in man-
Holmes's word for it) so many “black-coated, stiff-
nerism is abundantly present, and we doubt if the
jointed, soft-muscled, paste-complexioned young
beginning of the twentieth century will find this
men as the cities of our Atlantic seaboard. To most
volume nearly as readable as we now find it late in
of these town-made youths, cricket, boating, boxing,
the nineteenth. We understand that the book has riding, one might almost say walking, were not only
had a very large sale.
practically unknown, but vulgar — like rat-baiting
and the “ring." "Society," says the Doctor, “would
“Studies in the Evolution of En- drop a man who should run around the Common in
the history of glish Criticism" is the title of a little five minutes.” The young people of that day would
English Criticism. volume of two hundred pages pub seem to have dawdled mostly in-doors, precocious
lished by Ginn & Co. for Yale University, being copies of their dyspeptic elders, and not, perhaps,
the doctor's thesis of Miss Laura Johnson Wylie, altogether unlike their caricatures in “Martin Chuz-
and especially interesting as one of the first results zlewit.” But Fashion, in one of her lucid intervals,
of the new policy at Yale of admitting women to changed all this. The seeds of “ Anglomania,”
the graduate school. It is a very creditable piece winged with her approval, were blown abroad in
of work, modelled very largely upon M. Brunetière's the land ; and it at once became “good form ” to
recent sketch of the history of French criticism be athletic. Everybody knows the result.
Young
(" L'Evolution de la Critique"), with some sugges America to-day easily holds his own in the field, on
tion also in style and spirit of Bosanquet's “History the river, or on the mountain-side, with his cousins
of Æsthetic, although this comparison is hardly over-sea; and one finds nowhere a sounder and
• fair to Miss Wylie's less pretentious plan. Consid- sightlier race than the present successors of the sed-
erable interest has been manifested of recent years entary youths admonished by Dr. Holmes. Not the
in the history of criticism, of which this volume is least hopeful feature of it all is that the really “ up-
the latest evidence. Courses on the subject are be to-date” American girl is no whit behind her brothers
ing conducted at some three or four American uni in this wholesome taste for fresh air and exercise;
versities. Professor Schelling's Poetic and Verse and it is to her that the pretty volume before us,
Criticism of the Reign of Elizabeth” (University of “ Ladies in the Field” (Appleton), is specially com-
Pennsylvania, 1891) considered some of the more mended. It contains thirteen “sketches of sport,”
technical questions connected with the history of reminiscent and instructive: “Riding in Ireland
our early criticism. Miss Wylie's work sketches and India,” by Lady Greville; “Horses and their
the period that follows from Ben Jonson to Dry- | Riders,” by the Duchess of Newcastle ; “Fox.
Studies in


1894.]
337
THE DIAL
National
literature
It may
Hunting” and “Team and Tandem Driving,” by it even were the society in which they live and have
Miss Rosie Anstruther Thomson ; “Covert Shoot their being in the throes of dissolution. The latest
ing,” by Lady Boynton ; " Tigers I have Shot,” by Edipus to present himself with a solution of the
Mrs. Martelli ; etc. The sketches are all vivaciously mystery is Mr. H. R. Francis, a grandson of Sir
and entertainingly written, and we have no doubt Philip Francis. Nine out of ten students of the
they are instructive in their way.
subject are satisfied that Sir Philip was “ Junius”;
but to make, as he hopes, assurance doubly sure, and
The Mark
Mr. Enoch A. Bryan's “ The Mark
to clinch, as we hope, the matter for all time, Mr.
in Europe in Europe and America" (Ginn) is
Francis, in his “6 Junius' Revealed " (Longmans),
and America.
an illustration of zeal without suffi-
recapitulates his ancestor's case and adds some new
cient knowledge. It may be harsh to judge it by
and cogent evidence in point. Mr. Francis writes
the following: “So, taking the England of Domes-
clearly and argues closely; and his book is certainly
day—and Domesday was said to include every yard
one which those interested in its topic should have.
of land in it,” yet this is an indication of the mislead-
Several facsimile writings tending to establish Sir
ing character of the book. The controversy of the
“Germanists" and the “Romanists” in regard to the
Philip's authorship of the letters are appended.
mark is set forth with ample reverence for Seebohm
A neat and inexpensive volume, of
and Coulanges, but with scant courtesy for their
especial interest to thoughtful Irish-
opponents; the attempt to get up a battle over “ the of Ireland.
men, is “ The Revival of Irish Litera-
mark in America” savors to an outsider of a per ture” (London: T. Fisher Unwin), containing four
sonal reminiscence of Harvard vs. Johns Hopkins occasional addresses by Sir Charles Gavan Duffy,
in scholastic rivalry; and the closing effort to show
Dr. George Sigerson, and Dr. Douglas Hyde. The
that the mark theory is a fruitful source of danger aim of the writers is the promotion of a higher sense
in economic discussion as conducted by Henry of Irish unity, and of a reverence for and familiarity
George indicates a lack of historical insight into
with the national literature and history.
the forward movement of society which Mr. Bryan be noted in passing that Sir Charles Duffy finds
contends for eagerly. The argumentation on pages that the books now chiefly read by the young in
32 and 33, that because agri are mentioned along Ireland are
« detective or other sensational stories
with homes and occupations as in possession, they from England and America.” We did not know
must be holden in severalty, shows an unfamiliarity that the wares of our own book-making Fagins had
with early forms of expression; and the transla travelled so far. This noxious trash (the purvey-
tion on page 35 of the much interpreted classic ors of which are at least as criminal as the crimin.
passage from the “Germania” beginning “ Agri
beginning “Agri als they form and educate) Sir Charles hopes to
pro numero,” fails to explain the crux of the whole
drive out by making generally accessible in popu-
passage —" in vices.” The real value of the book
lar libraries good books by native authors — such
lies alone in its emphasis of the truth that commun books as are “fit to win and fascinate young Irish
ity of action and a certain equality are proof “neither readers,” and “make them better men and better
of freedom nor of the common ownership of any Irishmen.” We need hardly say that the present
thing," which the author illustrates happily from volume appeals to Irish reason rather than Irish
the condition of the plantation negro before the passions ; and that it is free from the inflammatory
Civil War. The truth is, however, slowly being rec stuff ladled out by the class of agitators the real goal
ognized in the literature of land tenures in England of whose “patriotic” endeavors is the pocket-books
that an eclecticism between the extremes of Kem-
of their too-trusting countrymen.
ble and Seebohm is a safer ground than partisan-
ship.
Mr. Cecil Torr's • Ancient Ships”
Ancient ships
The debt of contentious people to the
Thrashing
pictured and (Cambridge University Press, 1894)
the old straw author of “ Junius” is considerable.
described.
is a scholarly book for scholars. One
of “Junius."
One is always fancying that the de of its marked features is an almost complete absence
bate as to the authorship of the vituperative and of references to other modern treatises, although, as
over-rated Letters is settled, and being unexpectedly the author assures us in his preface, he has worked
roused to the fact that it is n't by the appearance of through and profited by the somewhat voluminous
a fresh disputant armed with fresh proofs" and as literature of his subject. Per contra, the original
full of the ardor of battle as if the matter were of sources of information are cited and discussed in
yesterday. To a plain man interested in the life elaborate foot-notes, which fill more than half, on
about him it may seem that the “ Junius” question the average, of each page of text. Eight plates
is relatively a trivial one. But he should remember of illustrations, from ancient paintings, sculptures,
that there is always a class of disputatious yet schol coins, etc., complete the apparatus of the volume.
arly minds to whom the gravity of a question is in These illustrations have been copied, not in the usual
inverse ratio to its bearing on contemporary life and fashion, from the compilations, too often untrust-
action. To some of these minds the riddle set by worthy, of predecessors in the same field, but from
North’s and Grafton's masked heckler has an absorb the most authentic sources, often from casts, with
ing interest, and they would probably go on debating much conscientious verification. Although the sub-


338
[June 1,
THE DIAL
ject includes all ancient shipping in the Mediter “ The Struggle of Protestant Dissenters for Religious
ranean, the lion's share of attention falls to Greece. Toleration in Virginia,” by Dr. Henry R. McIlwaine, is
There are few men competent to pronounce a de-
the latest of the "Johns Hopkins University Studies in
tailed judgment on Mr. Torr's book, but we do not
Historical and Political Science.” The period covered by
hesitate to recommend “ Ancient Ships” as simply
this treatise begins with the year 1649 and extends to
the close of the French and Indian War. The Quakers,
indispensable to any who wish to grapple in earnest
the Huguenots, and the Presbyterians were the princi-
with the subject.
pal dissenting sects whose struggles the author describes
and whose incomplete victory he records.
A new edition of “Owen Meredith’s ” “ Lucile," and
BRIEFER MENTION.
a selection from his poems by Lady Betty Balfour, have
been published in two handsome and uniform volumes
Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co. have given a charmingly (Longmans). The “ Lucile” includes the preface to the
dainty setting to the rather vapid little“ Journal of Mar third edition, in which the author defended himself
tha Pintard Bayard.” Mrs. Bayard was the wife of against the charge of plagiarism. The other volume
Judge Samuel Bayard (one might almost say " of that has a lengthy introduction by Lady Balfour. She gives
ilk”) who was appointed by Washington in 1794 as us selections from all of her father's books except "The
agent to prosecute, under the Jay treaty, the claims of Wanderer” (which has been republished in a volume by
American citizens in the British Admiralty courts. The itself), “Orval” (which no one cares to remember),
present volume records Mrs. Bayard's English impres “Marah,” and “King Poppy.” There are also a few
sions. There are two portraits.
hitherto unpublished poems.
Mr. Volney M. Spalding's “Guide to the Study of The book for boys that is made to order is not as a
Common Plants ” (Heath) is a text-book for high school general thing to be encouraged, but an exception to this
grades. It is based upon the laboratory method, and rule must be made in the case of Mr. Andrew Lang's
provides a series of exercises that cover the most im • Prince Ricardo of Pantouflia (Longmans), which is
portant types of plant life. The cryptogamous groups a sequel to his charming “ Prince Prigio.” If we are
get but few of these exercises, although quite as many not greatly out of the reckoning, this book will become
as it is desirable to require of the beginner. Seven or a prime favorite, not only with the boys for whom it
ders of endogens and twenty orders of exogens are illus is written, but also with those children of a larger
trated by one or more species each. The treatment is growth who enjoy artistic nonsense. It is quite worthy
suggestive, and well calculated to direct attention to to stand on the shelf beside the history of Alice in Won-
the essential characteristics of the forms taken up for derland.
study.
The “ Religion of Science" library (Open Court Pub-
M. Frédéric Houssay's “ The Industries of Animals” lishing Co.), which consists of bi-monthly reprints of
(imported by Scribner), is published in the “Contem- | independent works, completes its first year by the publi-
porary Science " series. This English adaptation of a cation of M. Alfred Binet's “ The Psychic Life of Micro-
French work has been prepared with the coöperation of Organisms." “The Diseases of Personality" and "The
the author, but the name of the translator, for some un Psychology of Attention," by M. T. Ribot, have preceded
explained reason, does not appear. It consists of chap this issue, the three other numbers for the year having
ters on such subjects as the dwellings of animals, their been Dr. Carus's “ The Religion of Science," and two
hunting, fishing, methods of defence, their care of the sets of lectures by Professor Max Müller. These books
young, and the sanitation of their hives, nests, or other are all of decided value, and place before the public, at
dwellings. The illustrations are mostly from Herr a low price, some of the most important results of recent
Brehm's « Thierleben."
scientific investigation.
John Larkin Lincoln (1817-1891) was for many years Teachers of the modern languages will be glad to have
a professor in Brown University. His son, Mr. William their attention called to three recent publications of Mr.
E. Lincoln, has prepared, with pious care, a memorial vol W. R. Jenkins. “Short Selections for Translating En-
ume which cannot fail to possess the deepest interest for glish into French” is a useful manual by M. Paul Bercy.
the friends of the scholar who is its subject, and which “Le Français par la Conversation," by M. Charles P.
is not without a certain value for others. It includes a DuCroquet, is for those who think there is such a thing
memorial address by Professor George P. Fisher, ex as learning French by chatter. The “Contes de Balzac,"
tracts from Lincoln's diaries and letters, and a selection edited by Dr. George M. Harper and Mr. Louis E.
of his most important papers. In these, classical themes | Livingood, makes one of the best possible reading books
predominate, although we find also such modern subjects for advanced classes. It includes « Une Passion dans
as “ Faust,” «Galileo and the Inquisition,” « James Clerk le Désert,” “Un Episode sous la Terreur," "Le Colonel
Maxwell,” and “The Historian Leopold von Ranke.” Chabert," and three other stories. From Messrs. D. C.
The book is handsomely published by Messrs. Hough Heath & Co. we have a “Short French Grammar" and
ton, Mifflin & Co.
a companion pamphlet of “ French Lessons and Exer-
A Congress of Jewish Women was one of the many cises,” both by Mr. C. H. Grandgent, and both deserv-
gatherings held in Chicago last summer, and the papers ing of the highest praise. Among strictly elementary
of this Congress, of which Mrs. Hannah G. Solomon was works, we know of nothing better for American schools
chairman, are now put forth in a substantial volume by than this “Grammar.” The same publishers send us
the Jewish Publication Society of America. Among an Italian text-Gherardi del Testa's " L'Oro e l'Or-
the subjects discussed are “Jewish Women of Biblical pello”- edited by Mr. C. H. Thurber.
and of Mediæval Times," “ Women Wage -Workers," The Temple " Shakespeare (Macmillan), to be pub-
“ Mission Work among the Unenlightened Jews,” and lished on the play-a-volume plan, is so attractive that
“How Can Nations Be Influenced to Protest or Interfere we hardly see how it could be improved upon. It has
in Cases of Persecution ?"
the Dent imprint, with all the qualities of tastefulness


1894.)
339
THE DIAL
To Aimost simultaneously with the appearance of this
that the name implies. The Cambridge text is used ;
NEW YORK TOPICS.
the brief prefaces, notes, and glossaries are by Mr. Israel
Gollancz; and each volume is to have a frontispiece.
New York, May 28, 1894.
“ The Tempest" is the first volume to appear, and has
One of the noteworthy recent importations of Messrs.
the Droeshout portrait. The volumes will be issued in
Charles Scribner's Sons—who, by the way, have finally
the first folio order. A special edition for students, with
removed to their new building in Fifth avenue—is Esther
extra wide margins, is also announced.
Wood's “ Dante Rossetti and the Pre-Raphaelite Move-
The Hon. F. Levesen Gower has edited and published ment,” the most concise and complete biography of Ros-
in two handsome octavo volumes (Longmans), the let setti which has yet appeared. Mrs. Wood disclaims
ters of his mother, Harriet, Countess Granville. The
attempting a final biography, quoting Hall Caine's state-
letters extend from 1810 to 1845, and are nearly all ment that the one person capable of doing this is Mr.
addressed to the writer's brother and sister, the Duke Theodore Watts, who was Rossetti's chief confidant in
of Devonshire and Lady Morpeth. Most of the letters his later years. At the same time she has collected and
are written from Paris, where Lord Granville represented arranged in a well-considered order all the information
his country for many years. They are rich in remin at hand, and has added to this some interesting remin-
iscences of social life in the early part of the century, iscences of class-room and studio life, and of the Pre-
and abound in anecdotes of well-known characters. Raphaelites at Oxford, unpublished before. The book
“ A Child's History of Spain” is Mr. John Bonner's contains several fine reproductions of Rossetti's paint-
latest addition to his historical series (Harper), and
maintains the high character of its predecessors. It
begins with 500 B.C., and ends with a description of volume comes the May number of “ The Portfolio," with
Spain's present social and industrial conditions, which, Mr. F. G. Stephens's monograph on Rossetti, with a
after a lethargy of a hundred years, now begin to show number of reproductions of his pictures not so well
marked signs of prosperity. The oft-told story of the made as might be expected in an art-periodical of this
Spanish discovery by Columbus, the dramatic tales of character. Some of the more important pictures are
the Spanish conquests by Cortez and Pizarro, and the not given, I know not whether on account of copyright
lives of the Spanish heroes Iturbide and Bolivar, are all prohibition in England or because they are so familiar
given with a freshness and spirit that will render them there. The omission is a marked one, however. Mr.
highly attractive to readers of all ages.
Stephens is art-critic of “The Athenæum,” and was one
Volume III. of Professor H. Grætz's “ History of the
of the original Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, it will be
Jews” (Jewish Publication Society) carries the narra-
remembered. His monograph contains new anecdotes
tive from the revolt against the Zendiks in 511 A. D. to
of the group. The author is slightly aggressive in his
the capture of St. Jean d'Acre by the Mohammedans
exposition of Rossetti's influence on younger poets and
in 1291. Among the topics discussed are the Jews in
painters, an influence long since admitted. It should
Arabia, the golden age of Jewish culture in Spain, the
be said that Mr. Stephens probably has a keen recollec-
persecutions incident to the Crusades, the career of
tion of the time when almost every hand was turned
Maimonides, and the rise of the Kabbala. The work is
against himself and his brother “Pre-Raphs."
well printed, and written in readable style.
Among the more important English poets whose verse
in some degree is indebted to the influence of Rossetti,
Teachers of the English language and literature will
Mr. Eugene Lee-Hamilton may be counted. At the
be interested in Mr. Alfred S. West's “ Elements of
same time he has an independent note of his own, this
English Grammar” (Macmillan), a simple and well-
being only one phase of his poetry. For over twenty
planned text-book for boys and girls; in the pretty edi-
tion of Addison's “Sir Roger de Coverley Papers
years Mr. Lee-Hamilton has been the victim of a spinal
trouble, unable to read or write or to be read to, and
(Houghton), which has just been anonymously edited
for the “ Riverside Literature " series; and in Mr. El-
without the power of locomotion. His “ Poems and
Transcripts," « The New Medusa,” “ Apollo and Mar-
mer E. Wentworth's attractive annotated edition for
syas,” etc., have been dictated to an amanuensis under
school use of the “Sketch Book” of Washington Irv-
these conditions; and they have made a decided mark
ing (Allyn & Bacon).
in the literary world. Some sonnets, also, have appeared
A critical edition of Lamb's “Specimens of English in “The Athenæum ” and elsewhere, and these, with
Dramatic Poets" has long been needed, and Mr. Israel
many more, will be published in a volume called “Son-
Gollancz now supplies it (Macmillan). There are two nets of the Wingless Hours" by Messrs. Stone & Kim-
volumes, and the Dent imprint is an assurance of care ball, who have kindly permitted me to copy a few of
ful as well as tasteful mechanical workmanship. Mr. them for THE DIAL. The book seems to me the most
Gollancz has incorporated the “Garrick Extracts” with noteworthy of its kind which has appeared since the
the “Specimens " proper, and arranged the whole chron-
publication of William Watson's “ Epigrams
" in 1884.
ologically. He has also corrected erroneous statements, Strange to relate, with the preparation of this book,
supplied dates, revised the texts, and identified the
which is in part an epitome of its author's tragic exist-
“Fragments ”- no mean task, the latter. The edition
ence, the hours have again taken wings for him; he is
is limited, although not narrowly.
able once more to read and write, and is hopeful of a
“ The Skeptics of the French Renaissance” (Mac happy recovery. He has lived all these years at a farm-
millan), by Mr. John Owen, continues the author's com villa, “Il Palmerino,” near Florence, where his half-
panion volume devoted to the Italians, even the pagina sister, Miss Violet Paget (" Vernon Lee'), has devoted
tion being consecutive. The pleasant method of essay herself to him with unceasing attention. Readers of the
interspersed with dialogue is also preserved. The sub sonnets quoted will be interested to compare the one en-
jects of the chapters are Montaigne and Pascal, Char titled “ What the Sonnet Is" with Mr. Gilder's “ What
ron and Sanchez, Peter Ramus and La Mothe-le-Vayer. is a Sonnet ?" and with the sonnets by Rossetti and older
The indices to the work are unusually full and helpful. poets on the same subject.


340
[June 1,
THE DIAL
TO THE MUSE.
To keep through life the posture of the grave,
While others walk and run and dance and leap;
To keep it ever, waking or asleep,
While shrink the limbs that Nature goodly gave;
In summer's heat no more to breast the wave;
No more to wade through seeded grasses deep;
Nor tread the cornfield where the reapers reap ;
Nor stretch free limbs beneath a leafy nave:
'Tis hard, 't is hard ; and so in winter too,
'Tis hard to hear no more the sweet faint creak
Of the crisp snow, the frozen earth's clear ring,
Where ripe blue sloes and crimson berries woo
The hopping redbreast. But when thou dost seek
My lonely room, sweet Muse, Despair takes wing.
ton contributes a quatrain; Mr. Richard Henry Stod-
dard reviews Gilbert Parker's “ A Lover's Diary” at
some length and most appreciatively; a poem by Bliss
Carman, « The Prayer in the Rose Garden," is given;
there is a story by Percival Pollard; and there are one
or two entertaining “skits.” The combination of taste
and energy shown by this young firm is characteristic
of the time, and will not be without results.
ARTHUR STEDMAN.
SEA-SHELL MURMURS.
The hollow sea-shell which for years hath stood
On dusty shelves, when held against the ear
Proclaims its stormy parent; and we hear
The faint far murmur of the breaking flood.
We hear the sea. The sea ? It is the blood
In our own veins, impetuous and near,
And pulses keeping pace with hope and fear
And with our feelings' every shifting mood.
Lo, in my heart I hear, as in a shell,
The murmur of a world beyond the grave,
Distinct, distinct, though faint and far it be.
Thou fool; this echo is a cheat as well,
The hum of earthly instincts; and we crave
A world unreal as the shell-heard sea.
WHAT THE SONNET IS.
Fourteen small broidered berries on the hem
Of Circe's mantle, each of magic gold;
Fourteen of lone Calypso's tears that roll'd
Into the sea, for pearls to come of them;
Fourteen clear signs of omen in the gem
With which Medea human fate foretold;
Fourteen small drops, which Faustus, growing old,
Craved of the Fiend, to water Life's dry stem.
It is the pure white diamond Dante brought
To Beatrice; the sapphire Laura wore
When Petrarch cut it sparkling out of thought;
The ruby Shakespeare hewed from his heart's core;
The dark deep emerald that Rossetti wrought
For his own soul, to wear forevermore.
LITERARY NOTES AND MISCELLANY.
Mr. Blackmore's “ Perlycross” is just about to appear
from the press of Messrs. Harper & Brothers.
Mr. E. C. Stedman's “Victorian Anthology,” illus-
trating his “ Victorian Poets,” will be published in the
autumn.
The English Spenser Society, after twenty-six years
of activity, has published its farewell volume, a reprint
of Heywood's “The Spider and the Flie."
The D. Van Nostrand Co. have nearly ready “Mod-
ern Methods of Sewage Disposal,” by Colonel G. E.
Waring, Jr.; and “ New Roads and Road Laws in the
United States," by Mr. Roy Stone.
The double summer number of « Poet-Lore” will con-
tain an exceptionally interesting series of articles, among
them being: “Saga Literature,” by Mr. J. H. Wisby;
“ Einar Christiansen,” by Professor D. K. Dodge; and
“ Literature and the Scientific Spirit,” by Professor L.
A. Sherman.
The annual report of the trustees of Shakespeare's
birthplace shows that there were 18,000 paid admissions
in 1893 — materially fewer than in 1892.
The falling
off is ascribed to the depression in America and to the
Chicago exhibition. The report shows an adverse bal-
ance of £697.
The large body of literature attributed to Paracelsus
will be included in unabridged form, and in English, in
two volumes, to be brought out in London. They will
bear the title « The Hermetic and Alchemical Writings
of Paracelsus." The text from which the translation
has been made is that of the Geneva folio of 1658 in
Latin.
In a recent magazine article, “Mark Twain” told of
the discovery of his “ Jumping Frog" story in a Greek
text-book, the inference being that the story had a clas-
sical prototype. But the resemblance was so striking
that it proved too much, and now Professor Sidgwick,
who prepared the text-book in question, states that he
took the story straight from its American source, merely
to use it as an exercise for translation into Greek.
Mr. John Seymour Wood is to be the editor of a new
monthly magazine published at New York in the interest
of college men in particular and the public in general.
We are told that the magazine will cover all matters of
interest to college graduates in art, literature, politics,
and athletics, that Mr. Albert Stickney will contribute
articles on political and economic questions, and that
Mr. W. D. Howells will write literary critiques.
Messrs. Houghton Mifflin & Co. have just issued a
pamphlet entitled “Good Literature.” It is divided into
three parts. The first part contains the opinions of em-
inent men who favor the use of literature in schools.
In part two are given the methods of using literature
adopted by a number of educators. The third part con-
tains a graded list of literary masterpieces suitable for
BAUDELAIRE.
A Paris gutter of the good old times,
Black and putrescent in its stagnant bed,
Save where the shamble oozings fringe it red,
Or scaffold trickles, or nocturnal crimes.
It holds dropped gold ; dead flowers from tropic climes ;
Gems true and false, by midnight maskers shed;
Old pots of rouge; old broken phials that spread
Vague fumes of musk, with fumes from slums and slimes.
And everywhere, as glows the set of day,
There floats upon the winding fetid mire
The gorgeous iridescence of decay:
A wavy film of color, gold and fire,
Trembles all through it as you pick your way,
And streaks of purple that are straight from Tyre.
From Stone & Kimball also come the first two num-
bers of “The Chap-Book," a dainty little semi-monthly
publication devoted to literary criticism, poetry, and fic-
tion, by approved and by unknown writers. For the
second number, just about to be published, Mrs. Moul-


1894.]
341
THE DIAL
was also the author of “Box and Cox." This he sets
forth from the back of the first edition, where the name
of the play is printed
BOX
AND
COX
enter upon
school use.
There is an interesting introduction to the
whole, showing what the aim of the publishers has been
in supplying good literature in a cheap form.
Mr. James Tomkinson has edited the diary of his
father, William Tomkinson, who served in the Penin-
sular and Waterloo campaigns (Macmillan). The gen-
eral reader will take slight interest in this unpretentious
record of a soldier's life, but it undoubtedly has value
as a document, even at this late day. The volume is
illustrated with maps and engraved portraits.
“The pictures they publish of me,” says Mr. R. L.
Stevenson, “vary considerably. They represent every
type from the most godlike creatures to the criminal
classes; and their descriptions of me vary in proportion
from a man with a noble bearing to a blighted
boy. I don't mind what they say as a general rule,
only I did object when somewhere in the States an in-
terviewer wrote, “A tall willowy column supported his
classic head, from which proceeded a hacking cough.'
I could not forgive that !” This amusing paragraph
is taken from “ The English Illustrated Magazine.”
The following plaint of an aggrieved writer appears
in the New York “Critic”: “Six years ago I wrote an
article on the education of women for a New York mag-
azine, which was accepted. This year my request to be
allowed to see my article again was granted, and on
reading it over I found it so absolutely behind the times
-changes in regard to women have been going on so
rapidly—that I have been obliged to write it completely
over again. I have now returned my manuscript to the
editor with the request that he forward it to me every
six years, in order that I may keep it up to a decent
standard of timeliness!”
« The Canadian Bookseller" for April contains some
interesting statistics. During 1893, the total number
of copyrights registered throughout the Dominion was
449, of which only ten were novels. The total value
of books, etc., imported during the year was $890,000,
the United States contributing $476,000, as compared
with $327,000 from great Britain. English authors
will be more interested to learn that the imports of
copyright books, on which they are supposed to receive
a royalty of 12, per cent ad valorem, amounted to only
$13,000. Under the new tariff it is proposed to abol-
ish the collection of this royalty, and to impose a uni-
form duty on all books (other than music, maps, and
prints) of six cents per pound avoirdupois.
“ The Independent” closes an interesting account of
the recently discovered Hymn to Apollo with the fol-
lowing suggestion, which we heartily endorse: “The
glory of having unearthed these precious musical frag-
ments at Delphi would to-day belong to the American
School of Classical Studies at Athens, had the $80,000
necessary for the Delphi excavations been raised in
America more promptly. Let the past supply lessons
for the present. The American School has just received
the privilege from the Greek Government of excavating
the northern slope of the Acropolis at Athens, where the
most important public buildings of the ancient city are un-
doubtedly buried under fifty feet of earth. It is to be
hoped that the friends of classical learning and culture
in America will be more prompt this time with their
subscriptions."
« The Pall Mall Budget " reports a remarkable liter-
ary discovery by “an advanced Baconian.” The writer
proves (cryptographically speaking) that Bacon, the
great originator of all the English literature of his age,
These columns read from top to bottom, give BACON
OXDX. Here the author not only actually signed his
own name, but gave the date also; for, taking out the
letters that have a numerical value, we have CXDX,
which, added, give 620. This stands for 1620, the date
of the “ Novum Organum" and without doubt of « Box
and Cox” also.
A Walt Whitman Society, with Mr. Horace L. Trau-
bel as secretary, has been planned, and is just now per-
fecting its permanent organization. Its objects are:
1. The consolidation within a single organization of all
persons who are interested in the life and work of Walt
Whitman. 2. The establishment of Centres in differ-
ent parts of the world, which shall bring together the
lovers and admirers of Whitman, and which, by the
maintenance of correspondence and the exchange of
views, shall tend to close fraternal relations among the
members of the Society. 3. The publication, from time
to time, of Whitman literature and of such essays and
other papers as may be deemed valuable in elucidation
of Whitman's philosophy of life, or in exposition of his
poetry and principles.
Miss Emily James Smith, a fellow in the department
of Greek of the University of Chicago, has just been
elected to the deanship of Barnard College, and will
the duties of that responsible position in the
fall. As a classical scholar, Miss Smith is probably un-
surpassed by any woman in the country. She studied
under Professor Shorey at Bryn Mawr from 1885 to
1889, under Professor Jebb at Cambridge during the
following year, then taught for two years in the Packer
Institute of Brooklyn, and for the past year has been
working once more under Professor Shorey, at the Uni-
versity of Chicago. She published a volume of “Se-
lections from Lucian” two or three years ago, and will
also be remembered as the author of “The Hungry
Greeklings," a brilliant paper recently contributed to
“ The Atlantic Monthly.”
The Association for the Encouragement of Greek
Studies, of Paris, has lately given, in the amphitheatre
at the Beaux-Arts, a performance of the Hymn to Apollo
which was brought to light last year at Delphi, with the
music to which it was originally set. This is the first
time that any important piece of Greek music has ever
been reproduced. Much has been known of the esteem
in which music was held among the Greeks, but very
little has been known of the Greek music. The inform-
ation to be drawn from ancient writers on the subject
is quite sterile, and, as M. Théodore Reinach said in a
lecture which preceded the hymn, it is no more possible
to judge of Greek music from their works than it would
be to get a clear idea of Greek architecture out of Vit.
ruvius. It was known that the acquaintance of the
Greeks with harmony and instrumentation was no more
than rudimentary; in polyphony they did not go beyond
two-part singing. On the other hand they had three
modes—the Lydian, Phrygian, and Dorian—where we
have only the major and minor. It is in the Dorian
mode, the most incontestably Greek of the three, that
the newly found hymn is written. From the hymn it
appears that the Greeks had two methods of musical no-
tation, using either geometrical signs, or letters. They
had no musical staff, and the sign was written over its


342
(June 1,
THE DIAL
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
June, 1894 (First List).
word. When the same note came twice, or more times,
in succession, only one sign was used, that is, it was
not repeated. Twenty-eight lines of the hymn have
been recovered, and eighty measures of the music. Mme.
Remâcle was the singer of it, giving it first in Greek
and then in French. For the accompaniment, the ci-
thara and the flute of the Greeks were replaced by a harp,
and the clarinette register of a harmonium. M. Rein-
ach, in his lecture, promised the audience a “jouissance
délicate et aiguë." The first impression of the hear-
ers seems to have justified the last adjective. The
music is written in a five-eight time, strange to modern
But the ears soon grew accustomed to this, and
even found some charm in it; and delight followed.
The hymn was discovered in the Athenian treasury at
Delphi, where the French School of Archæology have
been making excavations. It was engraved on marble
slabs. The treasury itself was a small building, erected
by the Athenians just after Marathon, to receive the
offerings sent to the great temple at Delphi, in the close
neighborhood of which it is situated. The Greek of the
hymn has been put into French by MM. Théodore Rein-
ach and Georges d'Eichthal.
ears.
A PROPOSED TENNYSON MEMORIAL.
Am. Railways and Am. Cities. H. J. Fletcher. Atlantic.
Bookbindings, Present. Illus. Brander Matthews. Century.
Burns, Authentic Portraits of. Illus. Mag. of Art.
Chile and the Chileans. Elizabeth Wallace. Dial.
Cincinnati Ice Dam, The. Illus. G. F. Wright. Pop. Sci.
Consular Service and Spoils System, The. Century.
Coxeyism." Gen. 0. 0. Howard and Others. No. Am.
Dairy Schools and Diary Products. Illus. Pop. Science.
Dante, A Study of. Genevieve Tucker. Chautauquan.
Democracy and the Poet. N. P. Gilman. New World,
Dog, The. Illus. N. S. Shaler. Scribner,
Early, Gen. Jubal A. Illus. L. S. Marye. Southern Mag.
Emmanuel Hospital, Westminster. Illus. Mag. of Art.
English at Iowa University. E. E. Hale, Jr. Dial.
English in Universities. Dial.
Episcopalian Polity, The. W. Kirkens. New World.
Essay, Passing of the. Agnes Repplier. Lippincott.
Eye, The. Illus. Austin Flint. Popular Science.
Fashion and Intellect. W. H. Mallock. North American.
Field-Notes. John Burroughs. Century.
French Diplomacy under the Third Republic. Harper.
Game Fishes, American. Illus. L. M. Yale. Scribner.
Girl, The Modern. Sarah Grand. North American.
Government of German Cities. Albert Shaw. Century.
Hamburg's New Sanitary Impulse. Albert Shaw. Atlantic.
Heine, Poems of. Illus. D. H. Wheeler. Chautauquan.
Japanese Spring, The. Illus. Alfred Parsons. Harper.
Kineto-Phonograph, Edison's. _Illus. Century.
Louisville, Origin of. Illus. R. T. Durrett. Southern Mag.
Maximilian and Mexico. Illus. John Heard, Jr. Scribner.
Mexico under Diaz, Prince Iturbide. No. American.
N. Y. State University. Bishop of Albany. No. American.
Nature, Books About. Sara A. Hubbard. Dial.
Nicaragua and the Mosquito Coast. Illus. Pop. Science.
Normal School, Scope of the. M. V. O'Shea. Atlantic.
Oysters of the Pacific Coast. J. G. Cooper. Overland.
Pessimism. R. A. Holland, Jr. New World,
Philadelphia. Illus. Chas. B. Davis. Harper.
Tortoni's, The End of. Stoddard Dewey, Atlantic.
Tramp Problem, The. S. L. Loomis. Chautauquan.
Wealth in the U.S., Distribution of. Chautauquan.
Weismann's Concessions. Lester F. Ward. Pop. Science.
Wendell Phillips, Memories of. G. W. Smalley. Harper.
Wild Nature in London. Illus. Magazine of Art.
Woman Suffrage in Practice. North American.
Wounded in War, Future of. A. Forbes. Scribner.
Youmans, Edward Livingston. Frederick Starr. Dial.
Mr. Douglas W. Freshfield, of Freshwater, Isle of
Wight, is circulating the following appeal among the
American public:
“ As a member and at the request of the local com-
mittee appointed for the erection of a memorial to the
late Poet Laureate in this place — his home for forty
years — I write to ask your aid in making general the
character of the monument selected. It has been de-
cided to erect on the highest crest of the down over-
looking the western end of the island, and between the
roads of Farringford and the English Channel, a gran-
ite monolith in the form of an Iona cross. The design
will be furnished by Mr. Pearson, R.A. With the per-
mission of the authorities of the Trinity House, who
propose to change the name of the landmark from the
Nodes Beacon to the Tennyson Beacon, the present
structure, a pile of tarred wood, erected last year, will
be removed and its place taken by the cross. The spot
chosen, the ridge of the noble down' Tennyson loved,
will, I believe, recommend itself to his friends, and the
companions of his daily walks. As a land and sea mark,
in view of every ship that passes in or out of the Needles,
or under the island, the beacon cross should form a con-
spicuous and fitting memorial to one of England's great
poets.
“A considerable sum has already been subscribed lo-
cally and among the late Lord Tennyson's friends. But.
more money is needed to make the monument what it
should be in scale and finish. There must be many both
in England and America who would wish to be contrib-
utors to this memorial. I am desired to ask all such
to be good enough to forward their contributions before
July 1 next to the Rev. J. Merriman, D.D., Freshwater,
Isle of Wight, by whom they will be at once acknowl-
edged. A complete subscription list will be sent in due
course to every subscriber.”
In this connection it is interesting to note that the
memorial to Keats, provided by the efforts of an Amer-
ican Committee headed by Mr. F. Holland Day, has
taken the form of a marble bust of the poet, which is
soon to be unveiled in the parish church at Hempstead.
About one hundred American men of letters and artists
defrayed the cost of this memorial.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
(The following list, embracing 51 titles, includes all books
received by THE DIAL since last issue.]
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Letters of Edward Fitzgerald. In two vols., with por-
trait, 16mo, uncut. Macmillan & Co. $3.50.
Letters of Franz Liszt. Collected and edited by La Mara;
trans. by Constance Bache. In two vols., with portrait,
12mo, gilt tops, uncut. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $6.
Letters of Harriet, Countess Granville, 1810-1845. Ed-
ited by her son, the Hon. F. Leveson Gower. In two
vols., with portrait, 8vo, uncut. Longmans, Green, &
Co. $9.
The Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer. Edited from
numerous manuscripts, by Rev. Walter W. Skeat, LL.D.
Vol. II., Boethius and Troilus ; 8vo, uncut, pp. 506. Mac-
millan & Co. $4.
Folk-Tales of Angola : Fifty Tales, with Ki-Mbundu Text,
Literal English Translation, Introduction, and Notes.
Collected and edited by Heli Chatelain. 8vo, gilt top,
pp. 315. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $3.
--


1894.]
343
THE DIAL
Varieties in Prose. By William Allingham. In three vols.,
with portrait, 12mo, uncut. Longmans, Green, & Co.
$6.
Shakespeare Studies and Essays on English Dictionaries.
By the late Thomas Spencer Baynes, LL.D.; with bio-
graphical preface by Prof. Lewis Campbell, 12mo, uncut,
pp. 409. Longmans, Green, & Co. $2.50.
The Bard of the Dimbovitza: Roumanian Folk Songs, Se-
cond Series. Collected from the peasants by Hélène Vac-
aresco; trans. by Carmen Sylva, and Alma Strettell.
12mo, uncut, pp. 130. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $3.
Old Celtic Romances. Trans. from the Gaelic, by P. W.
Joyce, LL.D., author of "A Short History of Ireland.”
Second edition, revised and enlarged ; 12mo, pp. 446.
Macmillan & Co. $1.75.
Lovell's Illustrated Series: The Truth about Beauty, by
Annie Wolf; illus., 12mo, pp. 312.— The Last Sentence,
by Maxwell Gray ; illus., 12mo, pp. 491. Each, 50 cts.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
Diary of a Journey Across Thibet. By Capt. Hamilton
Bower. Illus., 8vo, uncut, pp. 309. Macmillan & Co.
$3.75.
Among the Moors: Sketches of Oriental Life. By G. Mont-
bard. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 281. Chas. Scrib-
ner's Sons. $3.50.
SCIENCE
Biological Lectures and Addresses. Delivered by the
late Arthur Milnes Marshall, M.A.; edited by C. F. Mar-
shall, M.D. 12mo, uncut, pp. 363. Macmillan & Co.
$2.
Hume, with Helps to the Study of Berkeley. Essays by
Thomas H. Huxley. 12mo, pp. 319. D. Appleton & Co.
$1.25.
Aërial Navigation. _By J. G. W. Fijnje Van Salverde ;
trans. by George E. Waring, Jr. Illus., 16mo, pp. 209.
D. Appleton & Co. $1.25.
Man and Woman: A Study of Human Secondary Sexual
Characters. By Havelock Ellis. Illus., 12mo, pp. 409.
Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.25.
The Psychic Life of Micro-Organisms. By Alfred Binet.
12mo, pp. 120. Open Court Co.'s “Religion of Science
Library." 25 cts.
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
Dante Rossetti and the Pre-Raphaelite Movement. By Es-
ther Wood. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 323. Chas.
Scribner's Sons. $3.
Roger Williams: The Pioneer of Religious Liberty. By
Oscar S. Straus, author of "The Origin of Republican
Form of Government in the U. S.” 12mo, gilt top, un-
cut, pp. 237. The Century Co. $1.25.
Mary Mortimer, A True Teacher: A Memoir. By Min-
erva Brace Norton, author of “ In and Around Berlin."
Illus., 12mo, pp. 341. F. H. Revell Co. $1.60.
HISTORY.
Christopher Columbus, and the Participation of the Jews
in the Spanish and Portuguese Discoveries. By Dr. M.
Kayserling ; authorized translation by Charles Gross,
Ph.D. 12mo, pp. 189. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.25.
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL STUDIES.
The History of Trade Unionism. By Sidney and Beatrice
Webb. 8vo, pp. 558. Longmans, Green, & Co. $5.
Judaism at the World's Parliament of Religions: Com-
prising the Papers on Judaism Read at the Parliament,
at the Jewish Denominational Congress, and at the Jew-
ish Presentation. Svo, pp. 418. Robt. Clarke & Co.
$2.50.
History of Taxation in Vermont. By Frederick A. Wood,
Ph.D. 8vo, uncut, pp. 128. Columbia College Studies.
75 cts.
Canadian Independence, Annexation, and British Imperial
Federation. By James Douglas. 16mo, pp. 114. Put-
nam's stions of the Day." 75 cts.
The Empire: Its Value and Its Growth. An Inaugural Ad-
dress Delivered at the Imperial Institute, Nov. 20, 1893,
By W. E. H. Lecky. 12mo, uncut, pp. 48. Longmans,
Green, & Co. 50 cts.
66
POETRY.
Sebastian: A Dramatic Poem. 12mo, pp. 93. Buffalo:
Charles Wells Moulton. $1.
A Song of Companies, and Other Poems. By Orrin Cedes-
man Stevens. 12mo, pp. 110. Holyoke, Mass.: H. C.
Cady Co. $1.
FICTION.
Doreen: The Story of a Singer. By Edna Lyall, author of
“Donovan.” fllus., 12mo, pp. 496. Longmans, Green,
& Co. $1.50.
Prose Tales of Alexander Poushkin; trans. by T. Keane.
12mo, uncut, pp. 402. Macmillan & Co. $1.75.
His Vanished Star. By Charles Egbert Craddock. 16mo,
pp. 394. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
Two Strings to His Bow. By Walter Mitchell, author of
Bryan Maurice.” 16mo, pp. 278. Houghton, Mifflin
& Co. $1.25.
The Robb's Island Wreck, and Other Stories. By Lynn R.
Meekins. 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 192. Stone & Kim-
ball. $1.25.
Out of Bohemia: A Story of Paris Student-Life. By Ger-
trude Christian Fosdick. Illus., gilt top, uncut, pp. 236.
Geo. H. Richmond & Co. Boxed, $1.25.
Salem Kittredge, and Other Stories. By Bliss Perry, au-
thor of “The Broughton House." 16mo, pp. 291. Chas.
Scribner's Sons. $1.
The Rich Miss Riddell. By Dorothea Gerard, author of
“Etelka's Vow." 12mo, pp. 208. D. Appleton & Co.
$1.
Red Cap and Blue Jacket: A Story of the Time of the
French Revolution. By George Dunn. 16mo, red top,
uncut, pp. 587. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.
The Upper Berth. By F. Marion Crawford. 18mo, pp.
145. G. P. Putnam's Sons. 50 cts.
Woodstock; or, The Cavalier. By Sir Walter Scott, Bart.
Dryburgh edition; illus., 12mo, uncut, pp. 493. Macmil-
lan & Co. $1.25.
TEXT-BOOKS.
The First Steps in Algebra By G. A. Wentworth, A.M.
12mo, pp. 184. Ginn & Co. 70 cts.
Der Rittmeister von Alt-Rosen. Von Gustav Freytag.
Edited by James Taft Hatfield, Ph.D. 12mo, pp. 201.
Heath's “ Modern Language Series." 75 cts.
Preparatory German Reader for Beginners. By C. L.
Van Daell. 16mo, pp. 136. Ginn & Co. 45 cts.
Schiller's Maria Stuart. Edited with Introduction and
Notes by Lewis A. Rhoades, Ph.D. 16mo, pp. 232.
Heath's "Modern Language Series." 65 cts.
JUVENILE.
The Jungle Book. By Rudyard Kipling. Illus., 12mo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 303. The Century Co. $1.50.
Mildred's New Daughter. By Martha Finley, author of
The Elsie Books." 16mo, pp. 352. Dodd, Mead &
Co. $1.25.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, Nov. 1893,
to April, 1894. Ilus., 8vo, gilt top, pp. 960. The Cen-
tury Co. $3.
Building Superintendence: A Manual for Young Archi-
tects, Students, and Others Interested in Building Oper-
ations. By T. M. Clark. Twelfth edition ; illus., 8vo,
pp. 336. Macmillan & Co. $3.
A System of Lucid Shorthand. Devised by William
George Spencer; with a prefatory note by Herbert Spen-
cer. 16mo, pp. 28. D. Appleton & Co. 50 cts.
Primer of Navigation. By A. T. Flagg, M.A. Illus., 18mo,
pp. 105. Macmillan & Co. 35 cts.
NEW VOLUMES IN THE PAPER LIBRARIES.
Harper's Franklin Square Library: A Little Journey in
the World, by Charles Dudley Warner, author of "Their
Pilgrimage ”; 12mo, pp. 396, 75 cts.- Cord and Creese,
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346
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1894.]
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348
[June 16,
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1894.]
349
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IN PREPARATION.
THE RED HOUSE. By "THE DUCHESS."
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rels to her crown. In strength of color, interest of plot, and
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HIS WILL AND HERS. By Dora RUSSELL.
A charming love-story of modern society. The difficulties
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MAGDALENA. From the Spanish of PoNsLEVI.
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Beyond doubt the best story of adventure that has been
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Series, sent on application.
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27 and 29 W.23d Street,
24 Bedford Street, Strand.


350
(June 16, 1894.
THE DIAL
MACMILLAN AND CO.'S NEW BOOKS.
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MACMILLAN & CO., No. 66 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK.


THE DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAGE
353
362
No. 192. JUNE 16, 1894. Vol. XVI. parts of the world show a large preponderance
of works of fiction; and the average reader,
CONTENTS.
asking himself what books he has read during
the past year or decade, will name half a dozen
LIVING WRITERS OF FICTION
351 novels for every book of history, or collection
WILLIAM DWIGHT WHITNEY. James Taft Hat-
of essays, or volume of poems. If ever a long-
field
felt want was supplied in the history of civil-
THE PREDOMINANCE OF THE NOVEL. Richard
ization, it was when the literary instinct of
Burton
354 nineteenth century writers realized the fact
ENGLISH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO.
that the new age was to be, beyond any of its
Albert H. Tolman.
356
predecessors, a book-reading age, and hit upon
LORD WOLSELEY'S MARLBOROUGH. E. G. J. 358
the new kind of book that was to supply the
new demand. We wonder now what our an-
THE BOOKSELLERS OF THE PARIS QUAYS.
cestors ever did without novels (for, from the
W. Irving Way
height of superior opportunities, we cannot give
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne
363
the name of novel to the sort of thing whereof
Mrs. Ward's Marcella. - Iota's A Yellow Aster.
Benson's The Rubicon.-Blackmore's Perlycross.
Dunlop was the chronicler), and we read with
Vandam's The Mystery of the Patrician Club.-Mer mingled pity and amazement of the way in
riman's With Edged Tools. - Westall's For Honor which they devoured solemn tomes of ancient
and Life. – Murray's In Direst Peril. — Weyman's
Under the Red Robe.-Hope's The Prisoner of Zenda.
history, or pastoral conceits expressed in arti-
- Parker's The Trespasser. — Crawford's Katherine ficial verse, or the chit-chat of the eighteenth
Lauderdale. - Mrs. Ryan's A Flower of France.
century essayist. When we think of the read-
Balestier's Benefits Forgot.-Miss Woolson's Horace
Chase. - Bridges's Overheard in Arcady. – Hardy's
ers of “ Clélie" or of “ Clarissa,” the situation
Life's Little Ironies. – Miss Harraden's In Varying becomes pathetic, for those eager souls were,
Moods.-Mrs. Foote's In Exile.-Ward's The White
Crown, - Davis's The Exiles.
in their dull way, groping towards the light;
dim and tantalizing visions of the possibilities
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
368
of romance must have been vouchsafed them;
Public libraries in America. – Professor Huxley's
Studies in Philosophy. - Baynes's Shakespearian
yet no nearer than such Pisgah-summit (their
studies. — Old Celtic romances. The study of Poli Pisgah but a sort of foothill) were they ever
tics. – A pioneer worker for women. – Waymarks
in church history.
to approach the promised land.
That fiction has been the characteristic liter-
BRIEFER MENTION
. 370
ary form of the nineteenth century is indisput-
NEW YORK TOPICS. Arthur Stedman
able. That it will occupy a similar position
LITERARY NOTES AND MISCELLANY
372
in the twentieth century it would, perhaps, be
rash to conclude. Yet the chances of its so
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS
373
doing are considerable; the impulse is by no
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
373
means spent or even waning; and it would be
still more rash to make any equally specific
alternative statement. Just now we have no
LIVING WRITERS OF FICTION.
intention of predicting anything, but rather of
As the nineteenth century draws to a close, making the briefest possible survey of the art
it still finds in the novel its favorite form of of fiction in its present state, or rather the most
reading. Nearly every civilized country has, summary sort of catalogue of those chiefly em-
for the full hundred years (if not for more), |. inent in its practice. Ignoring all ephemeral
given hearty allegiance to this literary form, successes and merely local celebrities, we ask
and fashion, while dictating countless variations the question: What men and women now liv-
of subject matter and mode of treatment, has ing have produced works of fiction of anything
not ventured beyond the limits imposed by this like enduring value, works that appeal to a
form. The public libraries everywhere report more lasting constituency than that of the hour,
that from sixty to eighty per cent of the books to a wider audience than that offered by the
circulated are novels ; publishers' lists from all immediate environment of their authors ?
.
.
.
.
• 371
.
.
.


352
[June 16,
THE DIAL
Of the three or four great novelists that Rus to Herr Björnson. As a writer of peasant
sia has produced, Count Tolstoï alone is left, idylls .“ Arne," "Synnöve Solbakken "and the
and from him there is little reason to expect like—he first became known to the world out-
any further work comparable with “ War and side of Norway; as the author of the two ambi-
Peace," " Anna Karenina,” or even with “ The tious books of his later years — “Det Flager i
Cossacks.” The writer of almost first-rate fic-Byen og paa Havnen ” and “ Paa Guds Veje”
tion has become a producer of third-rate tracts, he has greatly extended and strengthened
and literature mourns the defection. But the his already wide reputation. We will say, par-
great Slavonic North has sent us of recent years, enthetically, that these books are to be had in
in the person of Henryk Sienkiewicz, the Pol- English translations, respectively entitled “The
ish novelist, a writer of fiction quite the equal Heritage of the Kurts” and “In God's Way.”
of the Russian soldier turned pietist. His mag. Before turning from the North of Europe to
nificent romantic trilogy devoted to the seven the South, a word may be given to the new
teenth - century wars of the Polish Common blood infused into the life of Dutch literature
wealth, and his subtle piece of psychological by the somewhat morbid sensitivists, of whom
analysis called “Without Dogma," are mas Heer Louis Couperus is the most conspicuous,
terpieces in their respective kinds, and with and another word this time of unqualified
them Polish literature renews the appeal to praise — to the Dutchman who calls himself
European attention first made by Mickiewicz “Maarten Maartens," who has contracted the
half a century ago. The one notable name of singular habit of writing his novels in the En-
literary Hungary at the present day is that of glish language, and whom we should insist upon
the veteran Maurus Jokai, who has written in- claiming as an ornament of our own fiction were
numerable novels, and whom his countrymen not his themes so unmistakably Dutch.
have recently taken much delight in honoring. It is a little curious that Italy, from whom
The step from Hungary to Austria is easy, we have reason to expect much, should have no
politically if not ethnically, but no Austrian contemporary writer of fiction deserving of
novelist seems greatly worthy of mention. Prob- mention here; should have produced, indeed,
ably the most important names are those of but one great novel in the course of the cen-
Herr Karl Emil Franzos, whose “Ein Kampf tury. One need only evoke the recollection of
um's Recht" is certainly a great novel, and the “I Promessi Sposi” to realize how compara-
Ritter von Sacher-Masoch, whose reported dis- tively insignificant is the best that is offered
patch to a better world we recently joined the by any Italian novelist now living. On the
American press in chronicling, but who, we are other hand, Spain, towards whom we had lit-
now happy to say from later accounts, is still tle reason to look for literary activity, has
among the living. In Germany, both Herr shown a promising development during the
Spielhagen and Herr Freytag are still at work, past few years, and has produced, in Señores
although the former is producing poor novels Valera, Valdés, and Galdos, a group of nov-
and the latter none at all. But the author of elists of whom any country might be proud.
“ Problematische Naturen” and “Hammer und When we turn to France, we find an em-
Amboss” is one of the great names of German barras de richesse indeed, for France and En-
nineteenth-century literature, and the author gland have throughout the century shared the
of “Soll und Haben” and “ Die Verlorene highest honors in the art of fiction. While
Handschrift" is even more assuredly another. other countries have produced great novelists
Herr Heyse, also, who has written two of the now and then, these two have been well sup-
best German novels in existence, remains in plied nearly all the time. At present, although
the ranks, and may yet give the world a worthy France can boast no Balzac, no “Stendhal,"
successor to “Kinder der Welt” and “ Im Para no Flaubert, no Dumas père, and no Hugo, she
diese.” The conspicuous group of German nov-
still boasts the creative genius that gave us the
elists who have dealt with the romance of an immortal Tartarin and the immense vitality
cient history should in the present connection and force that have produced the Rougon-
at least be represented by Herr Felix Dahn's Macquart series, the grace and humor of the
“ Ein Kampf um Rom,” and possibly also by author of "L'Abbé Constantin," and the sub-
one or two of the better among the many ro tle psychology displayed in “Cosmopolis,” by
mantic fictions of Dr. Ebers.
the newest of the Academicians. And besides
In the Scandinavian countries, the first MM. Daudet and Zola, Halévy and Bourget,
place among writers of fiction must be given there are the names of M. Feuillet, M. Cher-


1894.]
353
THE DIAL
buliez, M. Anatole France, M. Edouard Rod, Harte comes nearer than any other to achiev-
and so many others that we hardly know where ing the distinction. But the place of honor
to stop in the enumeration.
among our living novelists should probably be
Coming at last to the literature of our own given to Dr. Holmes, although “Elsie Venner
language, we find, upon the other side of the and “ The Guardian Angel ” lie so far back of
Atlantic, that three novelists emerge very dis- the present as to seem to belong to another
tinctly from the group of the older men -- age. What other living American has given
Messrs. Blackmore, Black, and Hardy. They us two novels (or even one) of such enduring
have all been prolific, and the best work of interest and vitality ?
each is very good work indeed. Yet no one
can fairly claim for “ Lorna Doone" and "The
Maid of Sker,” for “ A Daughter of Heth "
and " Sunrise," or for " The Return of the Na-
WILLIAM DWIGHT WHITNEY.
tive" and Tess of the D'Urbervilles," that In the death of William Dwight Whitney, which
they are seriously comparable with the best occurred at New Haven June 7, is fallen the prince
works of Scott, or Thackeray, or even Dickens.
of American scholars. Others of our countrymen
Nor is it possible to admit that Mrs. Humphry have been and are highly honored for their achieve-
Ward has yet shown herself to be a novelist of
ments in learning, but none has so united in him-
the rank of George Eliot or Charlotte Brontë.
self breadth and accuracy, the power to produce
and stimulate, simplicity and singleness of purpose.
She, as well as the three men whom we have Scholarship was to him more than an accomplish-
mentioned, must perforce be content to know
ment, it was a lofty mission pursued with all the
that their rank is the first only because their force of an intense moral earnestness. Like Lowell's
age is degenerate. Among the older men we dominating trait of patriotism, which rose to the
must also mention Mr. Shorthouse, although degree of a passion, was the jealous devotion of
it seems likely that he will be remembered as Whitney to the service and honor of his profession.
the man of one book, just as Blanco White is It was this which at times caused him (as was also
remembered as the man of one sonnet. But true of our urbane and gentle-spirited poet) to twist
his
“John Inglesant” is one of the noteworthy
"gift of words
books of the generation, and will not soon be
Into a scourge of rough and knotted cords,
Unmusical, that whistle as they swing,”
forgotten. Mr. George Meredith, too, must
be reckoned with the older men, although his
and it is in this depth of devotion to his high calling
reputation in any broad sense) is young.
that we must find the motive for the trenchant vigor
Whether the unwieldy craft that he has set
of his polemic, and not in any odium scholasticum
or American assertiveness. To a man of his ideals,
afloat will escape shipwreck or not is a prob the currency of scholarship was debased by looseness
lem we confess our inability to solve. Among of method or inaccuracy of statement, embellished
the younger men we have, of course, the eccen. though it might be by whatever daintiness of con-
tric and unclassifiable Mr. Kipling, and such ceit, or however much it might presume upon unques-
restorers of the good old fashion of historical tioning popular acquiescence.
romance as Mr. Stanley Weyman and Dr.
He was born in 1827 in Northampton, Massa-
Conan Doyle. We also have Mr. Robert Louis chusetts, in a region which has perhaps contributed
Stevenson, who has style and invention so hap than any other of its size. After graduating at
to this country a larger share of intellectual ability
pily commingled that he is likely to please at
Williams College, he was for three years a clerk in
least one more generation than his own.
a Northampton bank, and while thus engaged he
In our own country, the art of fiction may
spent his spare hours in the study of languages,
be said to hold its own, a phrase which means especially Sanskrit. It is not unreasonable to attri-
far less than it would in France or England. bute to his acquaintance with the world of practical
Hawthorne is the only really great artist we affairs some of the wholesome breadth and calmness
have ever had, and his genius, exquisite as it of his judgment in other fields. He was in many
was, had such close limitations that he by no ways a man of wide sympathies. He shared with
means answers to the long-felt need for a Great
his distinguished brother a strong taste for the nat-
American Novelist. Nor does this much-in ural sciences, being for many years a member of
voked abstraction show any signs of taking ma-
the American Association (attending its meeting in
terial shape. For neither Mr. Henry James nor
Chicago in 1868), and finding a diverting avocation
in collecting minerals and mounting birds. He pur-
Mr. Howells nor the prolific and entertaining sued graduate studies for one year at Yale, then
Mr. Crawford may the title be claimed. We studied Sanskrit and comparative philology in Ger-
are sometimes inclined to think that Mr. Bret | many under Bopp, Weber, and Rudolph Roth. His


354
[June 16,
THE DIAL
ness.
wide reputation dates from the edition of the stand a sort of premature intrusion upon the field planned
ard text of the Atharva Veda, prepared by Roth by the English Philological Society, has trium-
and himself, based upon the manuscripts, and in phantly vindicated its raison d'être, and is one of
every way an admirably solid performance. In the cherished possessions of the English-speaking
1854 he was made Professor of Sanskrit at Yale, world. He took an appreciative interest in the
with the additional chair of Comparative Philology World's Congress of Philology held in Chicago last
in 1870. His lectures on “ Language and the Sci year, approved of its plans, and aided in them by
ence of Language,” originally given before the explicit suggestion of themes for discussion.
popular audiences of the Smithsonian and Lowell I have a vivid memory of my first meeting with
Institutes, were published in 1867, and at once at this venerated scholar when, years ago, I made a
tracted the attention of the learned world, remain pilgrimage to New Haven to consult with him
ing to the present time an authoritative statement about my own plans. He received me in his beau-
of the mission and methods of philological research. tiful home, filled with all the symbols of a broad
Somewhat discursive in treatment, they are supple and refined culture, with a dignified but simple and
mented by his later essays, particularly his chapter considerate manner that was most reassuring. In
on the Science of Language in the article “ Philol fact, nothing was more charaeteristic of this great
ogy” in the ninth edition of the “Encyclopædia man (who was sometimes represented abroad as a
Britannica,” which is of particular interest for its warning example of overbearing self-conceit) than
putting of his standpoint regarding the ultimate be the cordial and unpretentious encouragement he
ginnings of human speech, which, according to Whit gave beginners in their early endeavors, and the
ney, have their origin in man's practical necessity courteous respect with which he entertained their
for a means of communication, and not in any nat productions, immature and blundering as these often
ural existence of names corresponding to certain were. In looking on his genial, ruddy face, crowned
conceptions. Any attempt to determine how and with its silvery hair, I felt, as perhaps never else-
when this communication first broke forth must re where in the same degree, that homage which man-
main futile. The prevailing use of the voice for kind pays to the eminent scholar, as one of the
this purpose is a survival according to natural fit highest products of civilization and human culture.
The first signs were doubtless imitative, I have never wondered that a certain professor in
whether of sounds heard in external nature or of the University of Berlin was wont to allude to him
the natural emotional outcries of primitive man, and
as die Zierde der Wissenschaft."
such a language-stock as these elements would sup-
JAMES TAFT HATFIELD.
ply is quite sufficient for the development of actual
human speech. While in Germany in 1867 he was
asked by the firm of Breitkopf & Härtel to prepare
a Sanskrit
grammar for their proposed Indo-Euro-
THE PREDOMINANCE OF THE NOVEL.
pean series. He accepted the commission, and ap-
proached the subject for the first time in a manner When a certain division of literature is, for his-
corresponding to enlightened philological demands. torical reasons, dominant in current literary produc-
The characteristic features of this work were its tion, it is like a drag-net which ensnares divers sorts
being an attempt to make a scientific grammar of fish. It attracts not only the natural makers in
based
upon
the actual facts of the language, rather that form, but others whose gifts fit them better for
than on the inherited traditions of native schools, some other work but who cannot resist the centrip-
in its giving a full consideration of the Vedic dia etal pull of this most popular activity. Thus, in
lect, and in treating the language throughout as ac the Elizabethan days the drama was the type of liter-
cented. It is no exaggeration to say that up to the ature which
represented the
age,
most interested the
present time no attempt has been made to improve public, and consequently engaged the main attention
upon this splendid monument of learning, and that of the begetters of literary masterpieces. And hence
wherever philology is studied the Sanskrit grammar it is that we meet with men like Peele, Greene, and
of Whitney is a unique and indispensable adjunct. Lodge, and later, Cartwright and Shirley, whose call
His complete edition of the Taittiriya Pratiçakhya to play-making was not imperative, whose work was
(1871) obtained the Bopp Prize from the Berlin more or less imitative. Had the mode of the day
Academy as being the most important publication in letters demanded the essay or the novel, they
in Sanskrit during the preceding three years. His would as readily have turned in those directions.
predominant influence in the American Oriental So Peele was naturally a superior controversialist, Lodge
ciety, of which he was president after 1884, and to could write so exquisite a prose pastoral as “Ros-
the publications of which he contributed a large alind”—whence Shakespeare drew his lovely “ As
share, remained potent and inspiring long after his You Like It,”—and Shirley had powers as a lyrist
impaired health forbade his attendance upon meet exampled in so dainty a song as that entitled " A
ings. His last great service of superintending the Lullaby.”
publication of "The Century Dictionary” was At present the novel is the all-engulfing literary
brought to a successful close. That work, whose form. Alphonse Daudet has asked of late : “ What
projection was looked upon somewhat jealously as shall be the novel, the literature, of the future ?
-


1894.]
355
THE DIAL
-as if the two terms were co-terminous and inter quatrain or sonnet is tucked in to fill unseemly gaps
changeable. Fiction has made sad inroads
upon
the between articles. Its function is that of a tail-piece.
ancient and honorable champaign of Poetry; the In the days of Good Queen Bess, poetry in play-
essay is as naught to it in popularity and applause; form was the acceptable mode of literary expression:
while even the stern historian tries to give his chron there was then a happy conjunction of public de-
icle of the past, of “old, unhappy far-off things," mand and artistic supply, though whether they stood
a narrative interest, and some boldly throw their in the relation of cause and effect is matter for par-
history into the guise of an historical romance, albeit ley. But so much may be roundly affirmed: what
their purpose is not artistic but didactic the im the play was to that time, the novel is to this.
parting of knowledge rather than the giving of Those now writing verse must expect and be con-
pleasure. Fiction, in short, is the modern magnet tent with smaller sales, slower reputation, and, in a
toward which all literary product and power is drawn. sense, an uncongenial environment. As a result,
That this predominance is in some ways an evil the fictional maelstrom sucks in some who in an-
(despite the indisputable virtues of the novel), that other day would have been poets, or who, having
it is possibly fraught with danger to general literary the name of poets, would have done greater work in
poduction, is a thesis which will at least bear further verse than will ever come from them under exist-
amplification.
ing conditions. It is a curious query, What might
The injury done to poetry has been alluded to. Kipling have achieved in poetry in an age which
When Walter Scott, after triumphing in narrative made the poetic drama the recognized mode of ex-
and ballad verse, took up the writing of romances pression ? This, with two or three of his fine bal.
and charmed all Europe, he gave English fiction an lads in mind, to say nothing of the dramatic in-
importance and dignity hardly enjoyed by it before. stinct in his fiction, is not so superficial a suggestion
Without overlooking Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's as might at first appear. But born into these lat-
testimony that Richardson's “ Pamela”
wrung
tears ter-day conditions, he is an Uhlan of story-telling,
from the chambermaids of all nations, it is pretty who only now and then makes a side-charge into the
safe to say that with the Waverley Novels our fiction, placid domains of Poesy.
as a distinct form, gained a prestige which, in spite Fiction, again, draws the natural essayist away
of fluctuations and what at present some incline to from his metier. Those heretical enough to pre-
call a woeful devolution, it has never lost. And fer the essay-work of Henry James to his novels
verse has suffered a proportionate decay of author will think of him in this connection; a humorist
ity. It has come to pass that verse-men adopt a like Mark Twain, undoubtedly a teller of tales, but
semi-apologetic tone in putting forth their wares, hardly a novelist in the full modern content of the
and the soi-disant scientific spirit of the age tends word, is another exemplar. The cult of the analytic
to look askance at such activity. To be sure,
this in fiction has led many writers, whose forte lay in
indifference to poetry may easily be exaggerated. such effects rather than in synthetic creation, into
If the critic go back to any earlier period of En novel-making; and, conversely, perhaps the analytic
glish poetry, much the same influences may be de tendency has been thus exaggerated until it has cul-
tected: the poets themselves timid and knee-supple; minated in The Story-That-Never-Ends. Interesting
their carping judges aghast at the dearth of good questions and cross-questions arise here. But the
work, and with their mouths full of praise of some main contention, that this modern maelstrom, with
previous day. Walter Scott's accent in speaking its secret undertow, has drawn the essayists into its
of “The Lady of the Lake," before its publica- potent circle, to the impoverishment of the essay-
tion, has, for us, a curiously tentative and depre delightsome form made luminous by the names of
catory sound. And to read to-day such a critique Montaigne, Lamb, Heine, and Arnold-and, as well,
as Peacock's “ Four Ages of Poetry,” wherein not to the dubious improvement of Fiction itself, is for
Scott alone, but Lord Byron, Wordsworth, Cole easy apprehension. Recently, and in large part
ridge, and Southey are dismissed with contemptuous due to the brilliant critical papers of such English
paragraphs, is sufficiently amusing, while suggest and American writers as Pater, Stevenson, Moore,
ive of the irresistible tendency to belittle the fore- Lang, and Repplier, a reaction in favor of the es-
ground in favor of the historical perspective - a say is observable, and it may be this will grow into
strange reversal of the ordinary laws of composi a veritable renaissance. So far, however, it is lit-
tion. But aside from all this, it is true enough that tle more than a beginning; that the reading of the
contemporaneous poetry is, speaking broadly, toler older and standard essayists has been checked by
ated rather than appraised ; if the text of sales be the novel and its half-breed ally, the newspaper,
applied, the comparatively small editions of verse cannot be gainsaid.
the regular edition being 500 volumes, and limited But regarding Fiction alone, what are the effects
editions of less size being a fad of the time — show of this autocracy which it maintains in the world
the same thing, from the publisher's garish point of of literature ? To our thinking, we get bad novels,
view. Look, too, at the relative value set on fiction and too many of them, because of it. The form has
and verse in the magazines, those faithful registers so supreme a power, and the emoluments are so glit-
of popular taste. The story is the sine quâ non, tering, that those who have it in them to do good
the one literary form which must be supplied ; the work lash themselves to unnatural exertions in or-


356
[June 16,
THE DIAL
But it is ques-
der to answer the demand, and sell their second two hours a week. During this time, 849 students,
best in lieu of their best, which takes more time. counting by class registration, have taken regular courses
Very few of our modern novel-writers exhibit the in English; and 204 more have taken required theme-
conscientious care and leisurely method of Mrs. Ward
writing. The number of different persons taking these
or Mr. Stevenson. The temptation is great, and the
courses has been 425, not including any who take only
required theme-writing.
danger extreme. And far worse than this, a horde
The following persons will give instruction in English
of hangers-on rush into the field and by their an-
at this University during the year extending from July
tics, utterly lacking coherence, with no raison d'être
1, 1894, to June 30, 1895: Professor W. C. Wilkinson,
to justify their presence, bring what is a gift, an D.D.; University Extension Professor R. G. Moulton,
art, and a consecrated labor into misunderstanding Ph.D.; Professor L. A. Sherman, Ph.D., of the Univer-
and disrepute. It is fast coming to the point where sity of Nebraska (at the University of Chicago only for
a man who has not written a novel gains thereby the Summer Quarter of '94); University Extension As-
a certain distinction : and this surely is ominous for
sociate Professor N. Butler, A.M.; Associate Professor
the highest interests of Fiction.
W. D. McClintock, A.M.; Assistant Professor F. A.
tionable if the novel will remain indefinitely the
Blackburn, Ph.D.; Assistant Professor M. F. Crow,
Ph.D.; Assistant Professor A. H. Tolman, Ph.D.; In-
dominant type, the maelstrom engulfing the various
structor R. W. Herrick, A.B.; Instructor R. M. Lovett,
kinds of literary power and activity. All analogy A.B.; Tutor E. H. Lewis, Ph.D.; Assistant Myra Rey-
points the other way, begetting a presumption in nolds, A.M.; Docent 0. L. Triggs, A.B.; Honorary Fel-
favor of some new form, or the revival of an old. low F. I. Carpenter, A.B., Honorary Fellow H. C. Brain-
It is not impossible that with a new impulse in poe ard, Ph.B. (Total, fifteen.) All of these except Pro
try of the narrative or dramatic order, Fiction will fessor Sherman, Miss Reynolds, and Miss Brainard
find its elder sister occupying her sometime place
have been teaching here during the past year. Ten of
as a coëqual. Indeed, the forecast for the drama,
those in the above list will give their entire time to the
uniting as it does the most splendid creative liter-
work of instruction; five give a part of their time.
quired of all the students. This must be taken during
versally appealing kind, is especially bright. And
the first year of undergraduate work. It seems desira-
the literary movement in this direction of late sug ble that the pupil be introduced promptly to the treas-
gests an ultimate shifting in the relative importance ures of his own literature; it is well that he should learn
of those forms of literary expression which in our early that the condensed milk of text-books cannot
day engage the interest and affection of men. suffice for his mental nutriment,—that all the fact-books.
RICHARD BURTON.
and reasoning books, taken together, cannot accomplish
his intellectual salvation, cannot give him a liberal ed-
ucation. This required course is an introduction to the
study of literature. It gives a brief outline of the his-
ENGLISH AT THE UNIVERSITY
tory of English literature, together with studies in the
OF CHICAGO.*
chief literary forms—the drama, narrative poetry, lyric
poetry, the novel, the essay. It may seem to some that
All persons who believe that literature is at once the more than one quarter should be given to this work, but
greatest of the fine arts and the one most available for it is the policy of the University to have as few required
general study must be interested in the reports that THE courses as practicable. Some election is allowed dur-
DIAL has published concerning the work in English at ing the second year of college work; after the second
various American colleges and universities.
year there are at present no required courses whatever.
The English department is the largest one in the Uni Of the elective courses in English literature, each
versity of Chicago, and very generous provision has been calls for four or five hours of class-room work a week
made for it. During the three calendar quarters from for an entire quarter; except that some of the Seminar
October 1, 1893, to June 30, 1894, twelve instructors classes meet only two hours per week. The courses are
have given forty-eight courses of instruction in English. arranged chronologically, those that are more general
Three of these bave been in required theme-writing; the coming at the end. Many important authors and sub-
remaining forty-five courses have each called for four jects are necessarily omitted from the work of any single
or five hours of class-room work a week for twelve year.
A condensed list of these elective courses for
weeks, except that a few Seminar classes have met only the coming year is as follows: Old English Literature
* This article is the ninth of an extended series on the
(Blackburn); Middle English Readings (Blackburn);
Teaching of English at American Colleges and Universities,
The Works of Chaucer (Tolman); The Rise of the En-
of which the following have already appeared in THE DIAL:
glish Drama and Its History to 1560 (Tolman); The
English at Yale University, by Professor Albert S. Cook History of the Drama in England from 1560 to 1642
(Feb. 1); English at Columbia College, by Professor Bran (Crow); Elizabethan Prose (Crow); Elizabethan Sem-
der Matthews (Feb. 16); English at Harvard University, by inar (Autumn, Winter, and Spring Quarters, Crow);
Professor Barrett Wendell (March 1); English at Stanford The Sources of Shakespeare's Plays (Crow); Shake-
University, by Professor Melville B. Anderson (March 16);
English at Cornell University, by Professor Hiram Corson
speare Seminar, - those plays in the First Folio which
have been thought to be of composite authorship, etc.
(April 1); English at the University of Virginia, by Professor
Charles W. Kent (April 16); English at the University of
(Tolman); The Interpretation of Representative Plays
Illinois, by Professor D. K. Dodge (May 1); English at La-
of Shakespeare (McClintock); Studies in the Interpre-
fayette College, by Prof. F. A. March (May 16); and English tation of Shakespeare (Sherman); Critical Examination
at the State University of Iowa, by Prof. E. E. Hale, Jr. of the Text of Hamlet (Brainard); Elizabethan Poetry
(June 1).- [EDR. DIAL.]
(Carpenter); The Poetry of Spenser (Carpenter); Spen-
-
--
-


1894.]
357
THE DIAL
ser's “ Faerie Queene” (Moulton); Milton Seminar (Mc- understood as objecting to the most thorough study of
Clintock); The Beginnings of the Classical Movement in the English language. It is a fair question whether a
English Literature (Reynolds); The Beginnings of the certain amount of such study should not be required of
Romantic Movement (McClintock); The Romantic all college students. According to a great law of edu-
Poets, 1780 to 1830 (McClintock); The Poetry of cation, “ the law of the nearest,” the history of the En-
Wordsworth (Reynolds); Essayists of the Nineteenth glish tongue is the most fitting and helpful introduction
Century (Butler); Nineteenth Century Literary Move to the general study of the life and growth of language.
ments (Triggs); Arnold and Tennyson (Triggs); Amer Only in the mother-tongue does the student have access
ican Literature in Outline (Triggs); English Poetry in to the actual phenomena of speech. Here one boun-
the Nineteenth Century (Lovett); Themes and Prin dary of linguistic investigation—the terminus ad quem-
ciples of Treatment in Novel, Poem, and Drama (Sher is the present form of the language; and this meets his
man); The History of English Literary Criticism (Sum ear at every turn. The present life and growth of one's
mer and Spring Quarters, McClintock); The Elements native tongue can be studied at first hand, and is the
of Literature (Summer and Spring Quarters, McClin great source of light for the study of language-change
tock); Theory and Practice of Literary Interpretation in the past. Few recent movements in education have
(Moulton).
been more marked than the increased attention given
The University Extension work in English literature to the historical study of English.
falls especially to Professors Moulton and Butler. Since In addition to the two literary courses already men-
October 1, 1893, Associate Professor Butler has served tioned, Assistant Professor Blackburn offers nine courses
most successfully as Director of the University Exten in Old English, the History of the English Language,
sion Department, and has given sixty Extension lectures. etc., for the year beginning July 1, 1894.
Since January 1, 1894, Professor Moulton has conducted Every student is required to take a course in rhetoric
two courses of regular class work at the University, and and English composition at the beginning of his under-
has delivered ninety-six Extension lectures. No other graduate work. Theme-writing is required throughout
American institution does so much in this line of work the first two years. The instructors in rhetoric expect
as the University of Chicago. Many courses of lec the students to find the subjects for their themes, or com-
ture-studies in English literature are offered for the positions, in the various other departments where their
coming year. It is not the policy of the University to studies lie. The principles and rules of rhetoric, they
encourage Extension lecturing on the part of the regu bold, help a man to treat a subject appropriately; but
lar class-room force, though such courses are given un he must find some subject himself, or one must be found
der special circumstances.
for him. A list of topics, together with helpful refer-
The masterpieces of our literature are studied at the ences, is furnished to the classes. These topics are rec-
University of Chicago primarily as works of literary ommended by the instructors in the various departments
art. If one says that “English should be studied as in which the students are working, and usually have some
Greek is," then it must be asked, How should Greek be vital connection with the subjects that are discussed in the
studied ? To investigate every possible question that class-room. Fonrteen elective courses in rhetorical study
can be raised in connection with a piece of literature is are offered for the coming year by Messrs. Wilkinson,
to be thorough indeed; but is it not possible, in being Herrick, Lovett, and Lewis.
thorough, to be thoroughly wrong? An artistic whole, Every college graduate should be able to prove that
like a vital one, is something indefinitely greater than he is liberally educated by the grace and skill with
the sum of its parts. We should not fail in artistic which he expresses his thoughts. Much practice in writ-
study to make the whole the centre of interest. The ing is required of every student who takes his college
study of the most charming of the English classics has course in the University of Chicago. I trust that it is
too often been made a mere starting-point for laborious only because of the youthfulness of our institution that
investigations into antiquities, history, geography, ety- active literary societies do not yet exist among our stu-
mology, phonetics, the history of the English language, dents. This should be remedied, since the voluntary
and general linguistics. The stones of learning have rhetorical practice obtained in organizations of this kind
been doled out to students hungry for the bread of lit is most helpful. The University of Chicago has fifteen
erature. Literary masterpieces should be studied chiefly, departmental clubs; these are united in an organization
it seems to me, for their beauty. It is because of their called The University Union. Original papers are read
charm, their beauty, that they have immortality; it is before the English Club by instructors, students, and
only because of this that we study them at all. If the invited guests. Three clubs are appointed each quarter
student is not helped to enter into their beauty and to to present papers at a public meeting of the University
love them for it, the teaching would seem to be wrong Union. A prize of fifty dollars goes to the student chosen
somewhere. No study can be too minute and careful by competition to represent each club.
which aids one in gaining a vital appreciation of a great Two so-called "senior” fellowships, or four "junior"
masterpiece. An unfailing source of rest and refresh fellowships, are assigned to the department of English.
ment, a life-long process of self-education, great ideals These are granted to college graduates of exceptional
of life and character,—to all of these the student should ability who plan to do advanced work in English. Ow-
gain access through the study of English literature. ing to the large number of applicants, four "junior"
For the most part the literary and linguistic lines of fellowships have been awarded for the coming year.
study are kept apart at this University; but not entirely. Each of these gives to the holder exemption from the
Linguistic questions are sometimes vital to the interpre- payment of tuition and $320 in cash. Two other fel-
tation of a passage; for example, the word “ weird” in lowships for this department have been provided for
the phrase "the weird sisters” in “Macbeth " calls for this year by private generosity.
explanation, and will repay the most careful study.
ALBERT H. TOLMAN.
Even in a literary study of Chaucer it is necessary to Assistant Professor of English Literature,
pay careful attention to his language. I must not be University of Chicago.


358
(June 16,
THE DIAL
The New Books.
age in which he lived as he was in ability above
the men who governed it." We may say at
once that Lord Wolseley is too good a soldier
LORD WOLSELEY'S MARLBOROUGH. * to be a good casuist; and his honesty, more-
The prize of £500 offered by the Duchess
over, being at odds with his logic, he usually
of Marlborough for the best poem commem-
starts out by stating the case against his client
orating her husband's deeds was won by the
so fairly as to hopelessly weaken his subse-
writer of the following stanza:
quent rebuttal. At some points, certainly, the
student of Swift and Macaulay will find reason
"Five hundred pounds, too small a boon
To set the poet's Muse in tune
to modify his views ; but even on Lord Wolse-
That nothing might escape her,
ley's own showing we think the final judg-
Were I to attempt the heroic story
Of the illustrious Churchill's glory,
ment on Marlborough must still be that, in the
It scarce would buy the paper."
words of the moderate Green, “Of honor or
Since this thrifty bard pocketed the Duchess's
the finer sentiments of mankind he knew noth-
guineas the hero of Blenheim has had, as a rule, ing.”
less flattering critics. Detraction, as well as
A notable, and not, we think, a very happy
death, “ loves a shining mark”; and the shafts attempt at whitewashing is our author's chap-
of satire and invective, winged and envenomed
ter on the Brest affair
“ the basest,” says
by party hate and sped by strong and sure
Macaulay, “ of all the hundred villainies of
bands, have pierced to the quick “great Marl-
Marlborough.”
It may be remembered that
bro's renown. Whatever have been the
may
in 1694 William III. planned a naval and mil-
motives that ruled his conduct, England owes
itary expedition against Brest, which had been
much to Marlborough ; and it is high time that left temporarily defenseless by the departure
his career should be fully reviewed and his
of Tourville's squadron. The town was to be
genius and services shown in the same clear surprised, and secresy as to the destination of
the expedition was of the first moment. The
light that has been shed upon his faults.
Partisans of the Duke, if any there be, will matter leaking out, William's plan was treach-
find little to cavil at on the score of scant ap- erously disclosed to Louis in time to enable
preciation in the work of his latest biographer, him to put Brest in a state of defense, and sub-
Lord Wolseley. The two beautiful volumes sequently to entrap the English and defeat
before us, forming the first instalment of his them with great slaughter. Four hundred sea-
book, reach only to the death of William III.,
men and seven hundred soldiers were mowed
to the threshold, that is, of Marlborough's real
down by the fire from Vauban's skilfully-
life-work. Leaving thus untouched his crown-
placed batteries, and Talmash, the English
ing years, during a part of which he virtually
commander and Marlborough's military rival,
ruled England and fairly outshone in the field
received his death-wound. Talmash died, it
the “ Sun King” himself, they cover the period
is said, protesting that he had been lured into
of the gravest of the charges against him ; and
a snare by treachery — which was afterwards
to this fact we may primarily ascribe their
proved to be the case. A century later a copy
pretty constant, and we think unfortunate,
or translation of a letter from Marlborough to
strain of advocacy. A pleasant narrator and
James II. giving full information of the pro-
a clear and cogent military critic, Lord Wolse jected attack on Brest was found in the Scotch
ley, despite his truth of statement and his
College at Paris ; and he has since been pretty
occasional censures, plainly holds a brief for
generally held responsible for the disaster and
his hero; and he proceeds throughout to deny
the slaughter of his countrymen. At the time
or to palliate his alleged shortcomings, from
of writing he was in disfavor at court; and
leze-majesty to bad spelling, with a zeal the
his object, aside from a wish to ingratiate him-
momentum of which lands him in the amazing
self with James, with whom he had been for
conclusion that the Duke of Marlborough was
some time coquetting, is held to have been to
not only a great captain, but in some sort a
ruin Talmash and to force himself on Will-
moral hero as well. “In moral character,” he
iam as the only Englishman fit for a high mil-
tells us, “ Marlborough was as far above the itary post. Lord Wolseley admits that Marl-
borough wrote the infamous letter to James,
*THE LIFE OF JOHN CHURCHILL, DUKE OF MARLBO but he denies that he was the first informant.
ROUGH; to the Accession of Queen Anne. By General Vis-
count Wolseley, K.P. In two volumes, illustrated. New
His defense is that when the Duke wrote he did
York : Longmans, Green, & Co.
so knowing that William's plan had already


1894.]
359
THE DIAL
;
been betrayed to St. Germains ; and that there- Marlborough’s services and compare them with
fore the French preparations which led to the his rewards, the debtor and creditor account
English defeat were not due to his specific act does not seem to be unfairly balanced,” is
of writing. “If,” says Lord Wolseley, “ it be
be hardly admissible, the double tie of fealty and
conclusively proved that the preparations were gratitude being something more than a mere
the result of information obtained by Louis adjustable matter of debit and credit. Besides,
from others previous to the date of Marlbo the services of which Lord Wolseley speaks
rough's letter, then this charge falls to the were rendered to James the king, who had
ground.” Granting the facts to be as Lord an official right to ask them of Churchill the
Wolseley states them, his defense--if indeed he subject; when the time came to repay James the
means it as such seems little better than a
man, at some personal cost and risk, Churchill
quibble. For in knowingly allowing the Brest was found more than wanting, for he left his
expedition to sail to certain failure and possi- benefactor in the lurch, and this at a moment
ble destruction Marlborough certainly became when he knew his defection must prove decis-
particeps criminis in the original betrayal ; and ive. The secession of Marlborough made it
his meanly writing to James, with a flourish of necessary for James to leave the field to his
doing him a service which he knew was no ser rival. In respect of the Revolution, two rela-
vice, is only a further proof that he was, as his tively honorable courses were open to Marl-
foes assert, a virtuoso in duplicity --- a man at borough. When he found James resolutely
all points
“ for close designs and crooked coun bent on restoring Roman Catholicism he should
cils fit.” It should be added that our author have thrown up his commissions and gone to
by no means acquits Marlborough of gross mis Holland, as Talmash did, or else he should have
conduct in the Brest matter. “ It cannot be followed his master's fortunes to the end. Both
forgotten,” he
says, “that the great man for these courses meant a leap in the dark; so he
whom England built Blenheim palace did in elected neither. At no juncture do we find this
trigue with his country's enemies."
supremely cool and dispassionate gamester risk-
Churchill's course in the Revolution of 1688 ing a move the event of which could not be
is more easily defended. There are junctures fairly reckoned beforehand. While intriguing
at which treason becomes, as Rousseau said of and strengthening his hand with William he
insurrection, “a public duty"; and the land maintained his hold upon James ; and not till
ing of William of Orange at Torbay assuredly the chances were plainly and materially against
marked one of them. Protestant Englishmen the latter did he unmask. Then he boldly
were by that event called upon to choose be- threw his sword in the descending scale and
tween disloyalty to a dangerous tyrant who had turned it hopelessly against his life-long friend
repeatedly broken his Coronation oath, and and protector. With characteristic adroitness
disloyalty to the nation ; and the choice lying he contrived to hoodwink the King up to the
between a peccadillo and a crime, most men last moment. Before leaving London to con-
chose the former. A lingering superstition as front William in the field, James made him a
to “ the right divine to govern wrong” alone Lieutenant-General with an important com-
made the dilemma a real one. Abstractly con mand. At the final council, after the fight at
sidered, treason to James II., an arbitrary bigot Wincanton, and Cornbury's ominous flight,
bent on enslaving his people and restoring a when the King left it to the conscience of his
creed to which nineteen twentieths of them officers to fight for him or else to openly and
were bitterly opposed, was not only justifiable honorably resign their commissions, Churchill,
but laudable, and the word must be stripped with treachery in his heart, ostentatiously
of its uglier connotations. But Churchill's spurned the latter alternative. To further gild
case was a special one, involving special consid his spurious loyalty he even urged the now fal-
erations. What we are to regard in weighing tering King to strike a resolute blow for his
his conduct seems to be : his personal relations crown. At this council James made a really
to James, the time and mode of his desertion, touching appeal to the loyalty of his officers.
and, lastly and chiefly, his governing motives. He tells in his memoirs :
There is no doubt that James had been from
“ They all seemed to be moved at this discourse, and
the first his fast friend and benefactor, having vowed they would serve me to the last drop of their
raised his whilom page step by step from pov-
blood — the Duke of Grafton and my Lord Churchill
were the first that made this attestation."
erty to wealth and from obscurity to distinction.
Lord Wolseley's plea that “ if we calmly weigh | Three days later, “my Lord Churchill,” see-
;


360
[June 16,
THE DIAL
It was
ing his way clear, went over to William; and disloyalty to James is beyond dispute. His
we confess that the questionable circumstances Protestantism, while more a matter of early
attending his treason throughout seem to us to
inoculation than reasoned conviction, was sin-
outweigh, in an estimate of his character, the cere; and he honorably resisted all tempta-
extenuating facts that its results were benefi tions to abjure it. In this solitary virtue is
cial to his country and that James had for rooted the disproof of our author's statement
feited his general claim on English loyalty. that Churchill, in aiding William to the throne,
That the hero of Tel-el-Kebir should enlist believed that he was sacrificing his own inter-
on a forlorn hope is natural enough; and we ests. It had finally grown clear to him that,
need not be surprised to find him trying to under James, his only road to immediate ad-
show, when he comes to the question of Marl-
vancement lay through apostasy — “the one
borough's motives, not only that his treason to
crime from which his soul recoiled.”
James was the result of pure patriotism and
even evident, as we read in the Duchess of
zeal for religious liberty, but that he acted Marlborough's Vindication, “ that as things
throughout in opposition to what he believed were carried on by King James, everybody
to be his own interests. Something more than
sooner or later must be ruined who would not
bare logic is needed to show that the leopard | become a Roman Catholic.” Churchill did not
can change his spots. The course indicated is wish to apostatize, still less did he wish to be
so utterly at variance with what is known of ruined ; and events soon showed him a way out
Churchill's general character as to be incred- of the dilemma. Rarely skilled in casting the po-
ible unless attested by the strongest facts. litical horoscope, he read in the growing discon-
Theoretically speaking, no man capable of sac-
tents in the kingdom that even apostasy, what-
rificing himself in the cause of patriotism
ever its immediate rewards, was likely to prove
could have acted as he did in the Brest mat a most doubtful way of advancing his inter-
ter. Besides, the fact that as soon as James's ests in the future. James's fatuity in, treat-
restoration seemed fairly probable he began
ing like serfs a free people who had within the
intriguing with him, and unblushingly pro-
memory of the living sent their King to the scaf-
fessed the deepest contrition for his past con-
fold for less, would plainly sooner or later cost
duct, is fatal, we think, to our author's case.
him his throne; and a Protestant successor was
Tyranny and popery notwithstanding, Church inevitable. Everything pointed to William of
ill showed himself willing, other plans failing,
Orange as the most popular claimant. As soon
to bring James back to the throne from which
as all this was clear to Churchill be made over-
he himself, more than any other Englishman,
tures to William, and the event as usual proved
had helped to oust him. The scene between
his calculations to be correct. Such extraor-
Churchill and the Jacobite agent is instruct-
dinary services as he had it in his power to ren-
ive: “ Will you,” pleaded the penitent rebel,
der, through his talents, his military commands,
“ will you be my intercessor with the King ?
and, above all, through his influence over Will-
Will you tell him what I suffer? My crimes iam's strongest rival, Anne, could not go un-
now appear to me in their true light; and I rewarded ; nor did they. On William's acces-
shrink with horror from the contemplation.
sion he was promptly made Gentleman of the
The thought of them is with me day and night.
Bedehamber and Earl of Marlborough, and was
I sit down to table ; but I cannot eat. I throw
once more on the high road to preferment.
myself on my bed ; but I cannot sleep,” etc.,
Allowing then all reasonable weight in the
etc. Perhaps Macaulay is not so far from the
matter to Churchill's Protestantism, and even
truth when he adds, “ the loss of half a guinea
crediting him with a possible flash of fitful pa-
would have done more to spoil his appetite and
triotism, it seems clear that his course in 1688
to disturb his slumbers than all the terrors of
might well have been dictated by the most
an evil conscience." To follow the tortuous
cold blooded self-interest. He had nothing to
maze of Churchill's policy is difficult enough;
gain, as events were going, in standing by
but it is probable that, at bottom, his intrigue
James ; he had everything to gain in going
with James was only a part of his main design
over to William. In fact Marlborough's course
of placing on the throne his wife's puppet and
in the Revolution, when calmly considered,
“ the Church's wet-nurse, Goody Anne.” *
seems of a piece with his whole life and tem-
That Churchill's religion was a factor in his
per. His sense of James's past benefactions
quickly vanished with his hope of benefactions
*Walpole's epithet.
to come; and throughout the war of conflict-
..-


1894.]
361
THE DIAL
a man.
ing policies and interests, cool and self-centred counted honorable gains.
counted honorable gains. Our author sub-
as at Blenheim and Malplaquet, he fought, like stantially, and perhaps not altogether unjustly,
the Smith of Perth, “ for his own hand." partly excuses this acceptance of money on
The world, or the saner and humaner part the ground that “they all did it,” and he in-
of it, will cheerfully agree with our author in clines to laud its investment as a case of thrift
condoning such of Marlborough’s errors as may and foresight rather remarkable in so young
be fairly laid to the score of youth. It is mostly
Thrift and foresight it certainly was ;
your “ Unco Guid,” or those frost-bitten souls for the Castlemaine gift, swelled by similar
who find their melancholy account in “ damn- contributions from like quarters, proved to be
ing sins they have no mind to,” who are im- the germ of the largest private fortune in Eu-
placable in these cases. Marlborough's early rope. Marlborough's parsimony is neatly satir-
surroundings, too, were of the worst, and would ized in a verse suggested by the bridge at
have tried Saint Anthony. To a handsome Blenheim
Blenheim-a pretentious structure spanning a
youth like John Churchill the court of Charles rivulet which trickles sparingly below :
II., where chastity was scorned and common "The lofty arch his high ambition shows,
decency was laughed at as prudish, was a hot-
The stream an emblem of his bounty flows."
bed of temptation ; and Lord Wolseley admits
Lord Wolseley takes issue with those who
that his hero was naturally no Joseph. What have charged Marlborough with gross
illiter-
Charles's court ladies were is indicated by the acy. He admits that his spelling was bad, but
outspoken Pepys, who says: “Few will ven-
he
urges
that " in his time there was no recog-
ture upon them for wives. My Lady Castle. nized standard of spelling, and that if he failed
maine will in merriment say that her daughter in this respect, it was in company with Lord
(not above a year or two old) will be the first Chancellor Somers and a host of other well-
mayd in the court that will be married "; known and even learned contemporaries.” To
while as to the court gentlemen, we read of carp at genius on the score of sixpenny de-
“orgies at which the Lord Chancellor, the Lord fects which a year's schooling might have rem-
Treasurer, and other dignitaries, drank them- edied is a small business; and England may
selves into a quarrelsome frenzy, and ended by well forgive the victor of Blenheim for signing
stripping to their shirts.” The court of the
The court of the himself “Your lordchipe's humbell servant."
Restoration was little better than a magnified
We should regret if, while dwelling at length
bagnio; and the king who presided over it
on those views of Lord Wolseley’s which seem
and set the mode in morals and manners was,
to us questionable, we had conveyed the im-
with all his easy bonhomie and his singular pression that his book is a misleading or in the
turn for science, a Yahoo at bottom. That least degree an uncandid one; and we repeat
Churchill did not pass through the fire un-
that its fairness and fulness of statement offset
scathed is not to be charged against him too
its sometimes doubtful logic. Ample data are
severely. But here again his more or less ven-
furnished from which the reader may draw his
ial errors were tainted and blackened by their own conclusions. The story of Marlborough's
sordid accompaniments. Avarice in youth is boyhood and school-days and of his youth is
as ugly as lewdness in age; and at two-and-given with a fulness heretofore unattempted;
twenty Churchill seems to have been steeped and the author has added a succinct and lively
in this “good old-gentlemanly vice.” We can
account of his period and of the people about
forgive and even smile at his escapade of leap- him. The portraits of Charles and of James,
ing through the Castlemaine's window to avoid of Sarah Jennings and her devoted “ Mrs. Mor-
“Old Rowley,” who had been apprised of his ley,” are capitally done, and show beyond ques-
poaching; but when we learn that he after-
tion that Lord Wolseley, unlike his hero, can
wards accepted and carefully invested her lady-
use the pen as well as the sword. Altogether
and
ship’s draft in payment of his agility, our good admirable is the account of Sedgemoor
humor cools. There is probably more malice here our author has a signal advantage over
than truth in Pope's couplet touching this Macaulay in that he is a thorough military ex-
draft
pert. His story of the battle is a foretaste of
"The gallant, too, to whom she paid it down, the treat awaiting us in the promised volumes
Lived to refuse his mistress half a crown
embracing Queen Anne's wars. A man of ac-
but it is pretty clear that Churchill, “ thrifty tion and a man of his time, Lord Wolseley
even in his vices,” took wages compared to treats himself to occasional “ asides” (usually
which the spoils of Turpin were nowadays at the expense of the chronically-indignant


362
(June 16,
THE DIAL
66
on
British taxpayer) on current questions. Com their changes. So, “in these vocal days”.
menting on Sedgemoor, he says:
as Mr. Augustine Birrell tells us in his preface
This, the last battle fought in England, was fought
to M. Octave Uzanne's “Book-Hunter in
to secure James his crown. If through the folly and Paris "_" when there are books about almost
parsimony of our people we should ever see another, it everything under the sun, no one need wonder
will be fought in defence of London. The struggle will be
not for a dynasty, but for our own very existence as an
that so quaint a fraternity as the stall-keepers
independent nation. Are we prepared to meet it? The
the
quays
of the Seine should have a volume
politician says Yes; the soldier and the sailor say No." all to themselves." If one is to take M. Uzanne
Describing Monmouth, he says:
literally, the antiquated figure of the stall-
"He was one of that sort of cut-and-dried, old-fash- keeper “who has disappeared” was cast in a
ioned officers, who could not believe it possible that quite different mould from the more prosaic
badly-armed, slovenly-looking regiments, untrained in
stall-keeper of to-day. Pére Malorey, who died
the formal evolutions of a regular army, could be of
in January, 1890, had kept a stall on the Quai
any real military value. To officers of his class it was,
and still is, heresy to hold that a man can be capable
Conti, at the corner of the Pont des Arts, for
of doing a soldier's work unless he is dressed like a sixty-two years. Strictly honest, of good sense,
cockatoo, and drilled to stand like a ramrod, with his something of a scholar, he was “ known and
nose in the air."
esteemed by the world of book-sellers, biblio-
What would the Prussian drill-sergeant say to philes, and the learned, who found books at his
that?
stall and information in his talk," says M.
There are many illustrations — largely por- Uzanne. And this fine old gentleman was well
traits after the Buccleugh miniatures ; and the satisfied with his business, and had no thought
volumes are at all points beautiful and even of rising above it. The stall-keeper of to-day
sumptuous pieces of book-making. E. G. J. is of another genus. Let M. Uzanne introduce
him :
on the quays.
“ It is Chevalier, the old waiter at the Salle Sylvestre,
THE BOOKSELLERS OF THE PARIS QUAYS.*
well known for his indisguisable ignorance and his any-
thing but Athenian idiom. He hardly knows how to
One of the earliest and most devoted of the read ; none the less his is one of the stalls where you
class known as “ book-lovers
- those uncor-
will find the most books and the best books ; he has
already made enough money to have his investments."
rupted and unjaded mortals who love and rev-
erence a book per se as well as for what it con-
It is usually the character of yesterday who
tains—was the good Bishop of Durham, Rich-
interests us most; so we turn back to Pére Foy,
ard de Bury (1287-1345). "Blessed God of
a quaint character, the friend of the learned,
Gods in Zion!” he writes in his Philobiblon,
the witty and lamented Bibliophile Jacob,”
“how great a flood of pleasure delighted our
Paul Lacroix. When the æsthetic soul of the
heart as often as we had leisure to visit and late Emperor was perplexed by the appearance
sojourn at Paris, the paradise of the world,
of pauper Paris, he would have swept away, as
where the days always seemed to us but few for
so many dealers in old rags, the stall-keepers
But their friend Lacroix in-
the greatness of the love that we had. There
are delightful libraries, fragrant beyond stores
duced the Emperor to take a stroll with him one
of spices; there are green pleasure-gardens of
day; and coming along the Quai Malaquais,
all kinds of volumes.” The quays of Paris were
they saw an old man warming himself at a fire
undreamed of in de Bury's philosophy. The
of papers in a portable stove. To complete the
books he saw were not objects of barter in num-
story in M. Uzanne's words:
berless stalls planted along the banks of the
“ From time to time he took a volume from a pile of
books by his side and tore out a handful of leaves to feed
Seine. They were the volumes in manuscript the fire. The Emperor approached, and, with some in-
compiled by monkish scribes, with all the terest, wished to know what work was thought so value-
bravery of rubrication, and ornamentation in less as to be used as a combustible. Pére Foy-who is
gold and colors, known to the plodding artists
not acquainted with his reputation to-day?-quietly
of mediæval days. Movable types and printing
handed the volume to the Sovereign, and Napoleon III.
read with stupefaction the headline in these triumphal
presses came one hundred years (1450) after
words : • Conquêtes et Victoires des Francais.'
the death of Richard de Bury. Four hundred
This dear old Pére Foy had a very checkered
and fifty years more of progress have wrought
career. A fire finally destroyed the greater
THE Book HUNTER IN PARIS. Studies among the Book part of his stock of books, and the insurance
Stalls of the Quays. By Octave Uzanne. With Introduction
company paid him in cash fifteen thousand
by Augustine Birrell. Illustrated. Chicago: A. C. McClurg
& Co.
francs. Thenceforth he did nothing; "he did
-


1894.]
363
THE DIAL
not renew his books; he did not change his occasion, as the author of "Adam Bede” showed
clothes ; he let his feet protrude beyond his herself, to discard preaching altogether without re-
socks ; all the shirt he had was just enough to leasing the attention. This Mrs. Ward can hardly
carry a collar.”
be said to have done as yet, although“ David Grieve"
With such diverting stories, incidents, and
promised much in that direction. Comparing Mrs.
Ward with George Eliot, or, to be more specific,
experiences, M. Uzanne's book is filled. M.
“ Marcella” with “Felix Holt,” we are conscious
Emile Mas has sprinkled the text and the mar-
of two marked contrasts. The incomparable rich.
gins with scenes and figures that are equally ness of George Eliot's mind becomes only the more
diverting. From the windows of his lodgings, apparent when we put the two works side by side,
M. Uzanne could see from the Pont Royal to although Mrs. Ward's pages always reflect a ripe-
the Pont des Arts" that long array of stalls ness of culture and a degree of seriousness quite
that border the Seine, and which the curiosity unwonted among writers of fiction. Furthermore,
of the loungers is passing under review from
emotion sometimes gets the upper hand (or very
morn to eve”; and this picture, always within
nearly gets it) in Mrs. Ward's books, whereas George
his view, he has reproduced in its many and
Eliot kept it strictly subordinated to intellect. We
varied phases, so that now the reader at a dis- tinetly a book of a single character than any of
may say in addition that “Marcella ” is more dis-
tance can see the moving panorama of the quays George Eliot's more considerable performances. The
as it has passed so often in review before the
heroine is the only person who interests us very
author. In the appendix is a very touching much; her parents are imperfectly realized, her so-
account of a notable banquet given to the book cialist friends are abstractions of varying degrees
stall men, in November, 1892, in accordance of shadowiness, the humble folk, whom she so pas-
with the bequest of the late M. Xavier Mari-sionately desires to help, impress us chiefly with the
mer. About ninety-five stall-keepers were pres-
squalor of their surroundings and arouse a sympa-
ent at the banquet, and they spent a happy hour thy that is mainly reflected from Marcella herself.
Even her lover, Aldous Raeburn, has a touch of
in discussing a repast the like of which was
the priggishness that makes it possible to hold the
quite new to many of them.
type up to a sort of mild ridicule, as in the cases of
W. IRVING WAY. Schiller's Marquis of Posa and Tennyson's King
Arthur. As a general rule — with the one rather
notable exception of Wharton the characters of
the novel seem to be delineated as they appear to
RECENT FICTION. *
Marcella's eyes rather than to the objective judg.
The
appearance of Mrs. Humphry Ward's third
ment of the artist who, “contemplating all,” should
novel, “ Marcella," again raises the inevitable ques-
project them one by one upon the scene, endowing
tion, Has George Eliot found a successor? “David each with its proper vitality. It is a little unfor-
Grieve” was almost good enough to compel an af-
tunate that the artist should have thus abdicated to
firmative answer, but the new book gives us pause.
her creature, because Marcella, charming and high-
“ Marcella ” is extremely tendenziös—more so than
minded as she appears to us, has no sense of humor,
“ Robert Elsmere” – but that is not necessarily
and is essentially a thing of impulse and passion.
a defect. Still, a great novelist should be able upon
Now human life is never revealed in its truth to an
observer under the sway of emotion, nor in its ful-
MARCELLA. By Mrs. Humphry Ward. Two volumes.
ness to one who has tears for its sorrows but no
New York: Macmillan & Co.
A YELLOW ASTER. A Novel. By Iota. New York: D. KATHERINE LAUDERDALE. By F. Marion Crawford. Two
Appleton & Co.
volumes. New York: Macmillan & Co.
THE RUBICON. By E. F. Benson. New York : D. Apple A FLOWER OF FRANCE. A Story of Old Louisiana. By
ton & Co.
Marah Ellis Ryan. Chicago: Rand, McNally & Co.
PERLYCROSS. A Novel. By R. D. Blackmore. New York: BENEFITS FORGOT. By Wolcott Balestier. New York:
Harper & Brothers.
D. Appleton & Co.
THE MYSTERY OF THE PATRICIAN CLUB. By Albert D. HORACE CHASE. A Novel. By Constance Fenimore Wool-
Vandam. Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott Co.
son. New York: Harper & Brothers.
WITH EDGED Tools. By Henry Seton Merriman. New OVERHEARD IN ARCADY. By Robert Bridges. New York:
York: Harper & Brothers.
Charles Scribner's Sons.
For HONOR AND LIFE. A Novel. By William Westall. LIFE'S LITTLE IRONIES. By Thomas Hardy. New York:
New York: Harper & Brothers.
Harper & Brothers.
IN DIREST PERIL. A Novel By David Christie Murray. IN VARYING MOODs. By Beatrice Harraden. New York:
New York: Harper & Brothers.
G. P. Putnam's Sons.
UNDER THE RED ROBE. By Stanley J. Weyman. New IN EXILE, AND OTHER STORIES. By Mary Hallock Foote.
York : Longmans, Green, & Co.
Boston: Houghton, Miffin & Co.
THE PRISONER OF ZENDA. By Anthony Hope. New THE WHITE CROWN, AND OTHER STORIES. By Herbert
York: Henry Holt & Co.
D. Ward. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
THE TRESPASSER. By Gilbert Parker. New York: D. THE EXILES, AND OTHER STORIES. By Richard Harding
Appleton & Co.
Davis. New York: Harper & Brothers.
Dj


364
[June 16,
THE DIAL
99
answers.
smiles for its mirth. Life is a terribly serious thing,
“Yes ! in the sea of life enisled "
no doubt, in many of its aspects, but it is fortunate misquoted as
that it is not always interpreted for us by so tensely-
“On the broad seas of life enisled."
strung a medium as that of Marcella’s nature. The
For a near relative of the poet to have done this is
book is occupied from beginning to end with the
less excusable than for another.
social problem in its more recent English envisage The contrast is very striking between Mrs. Ward's
ment. It calls, consequently, for examination as a restrained and thoughtful art and the careless and
study in sociology no less than as a transcript of inartistic work displayed in “ A Yellow Aster.”
life. What attitude towards socialism does it as These defects are partly accounted for by the very
sume? Is the author carried away by sentimental amateurish character of the performance, but there
ism, or does she keep in constant view the hard un is a residuum of offensiveness not so pardonably to
compromising facts with which any settlement of be explained away. The writer is clearly determined
the social problem must fit? The reader is con to be effective, and is fairly successful in her aim,
stantly putting the questions to himself, and differ but at the heavy cost of every grace of diction and
ent portions of the work seem to offer varying nearly all verisimilitude. We are compelled to take
It is only when the end is reached, and more literally than she would probably wish the sug-
the author's method taken fully into account, that gestion of the title, and to assert that her heroine
these questions may be fairly answered. Then only is even more impossible than a yellow aster, or a
will adequate credit be given to Mrs. Ward's dra black tulip, or any other horticultural monstrosity.
matic treatment of the subject; then only will the It is a pity that the book should be so repellant to
reader realize that the conflicting answers that from the artistic sense, for it has qualities of humor and
time to time seem to emerge merely reflect the pathos that are not without promise, and for which
phases of Marcella's storm and stress period of de much might have been done by restrained and care-
velopment, and that the poise of soul eventually at ful cultivation. But the writer has chosen to appeal
tained by her is typical of what must be the final to the roughened palate and the jaded sense, and she
attitude (as far as finality in such matters is possi. has her reward. Had she been wiser, she would have
ble) of every calm and rational nature brought face known that a sensational entrance into the field of
to face with the social problem. The critical point, literature is the thing above all others to be avoided
in the development both of Marcella's character by anyone who hopes to attract serious attention.
and of the problem with which she is struggling, The heroine of “ The Rubicon” is something of
appears to be reached when she declares to one of
a monstrosity, too, and in much the same way as
her socialist fellow-workers :
the heroine of “ A Yellow Aster.” Both are wo-
“No!- so far as Socialism means a political system men who, we are given to understand, have enor-
- the trampling out of private enterprise and competi mous potentialities for love and self-sacrifice, but
tion, and all the rest of it_I find myself slipping away
from it more and more. No !-- as I go about among qualities, are capable of acting with phenomenal
who, en attendant the development of these latent
these wage-earners, the emphasis — do what I will
comes to lie less and less on possession—more and more
heartlessness and even brutality towards the men
on character. I go to two tenements in the same build-
whom they have respectively pledged themselves to
ing. One is Hell the other Heaven. Why? Both
love, honor, and obey. The woman of “The Ru-
belong to well-paid artisans with equal opportunities. bicon” is more seriously wicked than “ Dodo," and
Both, so far as I can see, might have a decent and far less attractive in her wickedness. But she has
pleasant life of it. But one is a man — the other, with at least the grace to put an end to her destructive
all his belongings, will soon be a vagabond.”
career by suicide, and the action becomes her, how-
One need read no more than this to discern that ever little the ethical finality attaching to it. The
Mrs. Ward's view of the social problem is both wise only merit of this novel is afforded by its occasional
and conservative. No one, indeed, familiar with bits of bright observation and satirical comment; as
her earlier books, could reasonably have doubted a piece of construction, it is slovenly both as to style
that she would thus place the final emphasis upon
and to composition in the larger sense. What is
character, or have feared that she would be misled meant for a tragic climax (the scene in the opera box)
by the allurements of any scheme, with whatever
is ludicrous in its ineffectiveness and inadequacy.
eloquence urged, that seeks to bring on earth peace,
“You are a wicked woman,” says Reggie, and turns
good-will toward men, by application from without. on his heel. The remark is truthful enough, but the
She might almost have taken for a motto these words particular instance offers nothing to occasion it.
of Dr. Ibsen: “Men still call for special revolutions A new novel by Mr. Blackmore could not fail to
for revolutions in politics, in externals. But all be an event of much importance, were the work less
that sort of thing is trumpery." In style, “ Mar entertaining than “Perlycross." One undoubtedly
cella” is probably Mrs. Ward's best book. This feels that he has read it all before, and that the
makes an occasional slip all the more surprising, Devonshire village which gives the book its name
and we cannot understand how she could have used is a spot long since familiar. One feels also that
the word “demean” in the illiterate sense. It is in this particular case the framework of the story
also surprising to find Arnold's familiar
is too slender for the wealth of ornamental detail


1894.]
365
THE DIAL
bestowed
upon
it—that there is an intolerable deal Lion of Lucerne. The particular guard who is Mr.
of sack for the poor half-pennyworth of bread. But Westall's hero escaped the massacre of that day,
the charm of Mr. Blackmore's manner is irresist otherwise there would have been no story for us.
ible ; his humor is wholesome, and his poetic feel. Of his subsequent connection with a plot to aid the
ing is genuine and deep. “Perlycross” is not to escape of the King, of the fair maiden whose beaux
be compared with the four or five best works of its yeux led him into numerous venturesome enter-
author, but is, for all that, thoroughly enjoyable. prises, and of many other matters, we read with
Its very
whimsicalities of style and temper are an quite breathless interest, albeit with the cheerful
essential element in its attractiveness, and quaintly conviction that a happy ending of the story awaits
help to set forth the old-fashioned, kindly, high us in the closing chapter.
minded personality that we everywhere feel to lurk Mr. David Christie Murray's latest novel has for
behind the scenes.
its theme the rescue of an Italian patriot from the
The author of "An Englishman in Paris " has Austrian dungeon in which he had been left to rot
turned his hand to the composition of a detective for twenty years, and the subsequent activity of the
story, and we cannot say that he has been success rescued man in London as an organizer of the rev-
ful. When we think of the work of M. Gaboriau, olutionary movement of 1848. The rescuer, who
or even of Dr. Conan Doyle, “The Mystery of the tells his own story, is inspired by the fair eyes
Patrician Club" appears by comparison imperfectly of the Italian's daughter, and, after many tribula-
conceived and clumsily unfolded. Mr. Vandam in- tions, makes her his wife. The story is told with
dulges in all the stock phrases of melodrama, and the homely and affected bluffness supposed to befit
does not even spare us the “dull thud.” There is the narrator, is filled with more or less exaggerated
nothing about the book that can be taken seriously, incident, and is sensational in tone without being
not even seriously enough for the purposes of the more than moderately interesting.
rather low type of fiction to which it belongs. But “ Under the Red Robe” is sure of an audience,
we do not always care to take things seriously in both because Mr. Weyman wrote it, and because
hot weather, and for an idle hour by the seaside
the ever-fascinating figure of Richelieu dominates
the tale will serve.
the action. Mr. Weyman gives us the Richelieu
“With Edged Tools” (a title borrowed, it would of Dumas and Lord Lytton rather than the car-
seem, except for a variation in the spelling of the dinal-minister of actual history, but few will quar-
adjective, from Mr. Chatfield-Taylor's novel) is a rel with him for that. Indeed, the Richelieu of
book of alternating adventures in Africa and draw romance seems assured of a genuine immortality,
ing-room conversations in London. It all turns whatever may befall the annals of Louis XIII. and
upon the doings of a heartless coquette, who en-
his reign.
“ Under the Red Robe” is an autobio-
gages herself, in a manner, with two men at the graphical episode. The hero is a decayed and dis-
same time. These men, unwitting of the tie that solute gentleman, sent by the Cardinal upon a per-
binds them, meet in Central Africa, and join in a ilous expedition to the Spanish frontier, and acquit-
money-making enterprise which turns out favorably. ting himself with much address and more grace than
When they return to claim their promised brides, his antecedents would lead the reader to expect.
there turns out to be only one of her for both, and The story is packed with adventure, and possessed
neither of them seems to care for her any longer. of romantic charm in a high degree. Let Mr. Wey-
Whereby she gets her just deserts. The African man write a few more books of the sort, and he
part of the story relates to the search for a myste will fairly earn the title of the English Dumas.
rious shrub named simiacine, greatly desiderated If the judgment be based upon the originality
by medicine men, and worth many times its weight of plot, the best of the four novels of adventure in our
in gold. There is hardly a real character or a present selection is " The Prisoner of Zenda.” The
natural situation in the book; on the other hand, scene is laid in one of the smaller German monarch-
there is some cleverness of dialogue and abundant
ies so plentiful before 1871, and the prisoner is the
action. According as the reader cares for one or rightful king, held in confinement by his ambitious
the other pair of characteristics, he may elect to and unscrupulous brother. The hero is an adven-
read or to reject it.
turous Englishman, whose extraordinary resem-
The novel of adventure seems just now to be hav blance to the prisoner enables him to personate the
ing an English renaissance, and the popularity of captive monarch, assume the crown in his place, and
such works as “ The White Company" and " A Gen wear it successfully for three months. Fantastic
tleman of France” points to a distinct reaction in as the plot appears in this skeleton outline, it is
popular taste from the allurements of realism and given much verisimilitude by the ingenuity of the
analysis. Mr. Westall's “ For Honor and Life,” narrator. Uneasy lies the head, we may be
sure,
which is a rather better book than the author has of this illegitimate crown-wearer, but the situation
accustomed us to, is a story of the Swiss Guards, is saved by his pluck and his sagacity, and he suc-
qui ne sacrimenti fidem fallerent, fortissime pug ceeds in rescuing and restoring to the throne his
nantes ceciderunt, on the tenth of August, 1792, royal double. The story is singularly well-knit,
thereby achieving immortality and the rock-carved | rapid in action, and uninterruptedly interesting.


366
(June 16,
THE DIAL
raw
There is no serious attempt at characterization, but A number of writers have discovered of late that
much play of pleasing sentiment, and much dra the history of this continent offers much material
matic excitement, in its pages.
excellent for the purposes of romantic fiction. The
A young English nobleman of profligate charac- present age, indeed, is not very romantic, except
ter and reckless disposition gets into a scrape, leaves
in the pages of Mr. Bret Harte, but one has only
his home, and begins a new life in the wilds of
to get back a hundred years or so to find abundant
British America. There he marries a half-breed inspiration. Mrs. Ryan is one of the latest explorers
of French and Indian blood. The son of this
in these little-trodden regions, and her new novel,
union, when full-grown, learns of his English re-
“ A Flower of France,” takes us to eighteenth cen-
lations, and, the parents having died, goes to En- tury New Orleans, finding in its mixed population,
gland to claim his name and his family. Pretty
its old-world relations, and its turbulent annals, so
nearly all novels nowadays deal with problems, and
much interesting matter that her canvas suffers
the problem of “The Trespasser" is to set forth
from being overcrowded. We cannot say that the
the effect of this triple ancestry upon a man sud-
material is very well arranged, or that the story is
denly brought into contact with the refinements of
at all points probable, but the book is at least en-
a highly civilized society. There is no trouble
tertaining and deserves a certain degree of praise.
about recognition, and the new-comer holds his own The late Wolcott Balestier was a man of unusual
in most respects, a strong character and a natural personal charm, and was felt by more than one ju-
adaptability seeing him safely through many diffi dicious critic to exhibit the promise of literary
cult situations. But the wild strain in his blood as achievement. At the time of his death his literary
serts itself in the end, and works much disaster. luggage was, it must be confessed, of the slender-
Mr. Parker's treatment of this theme is always in est description, and it is not until recently that his
teresting and often brilliant. The story is well most considerable work has seen the light in book
constructed and shows much dramatic power. If form. “ Benefits Forgot,” with its taking Shake-
we may borrow one of the author's own phrases, spearian title, is a work of promise rather than of
we should say that there is a good deal of " fulfilment, but the promise is at least nearer fulfil-
color” about it. The subtleties of analytic art are ment than was the case with the three or four slighter
not within Mr. Parker's reach, but he makes up for predecessors of this story. Its author was still in
their lack by rather striking qualities of invention the chrysalis stage, and evidently struggling towards
and imaginative passion. The entirely wanton in the attainment of a distinctive manner. Whether
troduction of an element of clairvoyant claptrap is he would have acquired such a manner is a problem
the one marked fault of the book, and its uncanny never to be solved. His association with Mr. Kip-
effect is produced at too great a cost.
ling seems to have had an unfortunate effect;
Mr. Crawford is evidently ambitious to become
throughout the book the presence of this alien in-
the novelist of life in America as well as in Italy
fluence is felt. The attempt to write a Kiplingese
or the East, of life in New York no less than of adapted to American conditions results only in an
life in Rome. It cannot fairly be claimed that he
unpleasant jerkiness of style and construction. Dur.
has succeeded in this task, and the reason is not far
ing the early chapters, the characters seem to have
to seek. His talent is essentially romantic, and
gone daft, so singular and inexplicable are their ac-
there is nothing romantic at all about New York
One would think them to be breathing the
society. He has made three attempts to handle
over-oxygenated atmosphere produced by the exper-
this material : “ The Three Fates," probably the
iment of Doctor Ox rather than the rarefied air of
weakest of all his books, “ Marion Darche," a sketch
Colorado altitudes. After we get used to their ec-
too slight to be seriously considered, and “Kathar-
centricities they seem to become more nearly nor-
ine Lauderdale," the book now under examination.
mal. As for the point of honor about which the
All that we can say of it is that it is better than the whole story turns, the author himself does not seem
two others. But it cannot for a moment be com-
to have been quite decided, and the question of
pared with the really remarkable “ Saracinesca
right and wrong is obscured by not a little casuis-
novels, with “ Pietro Ghisleri” or “Greifenstein," try. We are not told enough about the origin of
with “ A Roman Singer” or “ To Leeward.” Clever
the tangle concerning the ownership of the ranch
and fluent as Mr. Crawford always is, the romantic
and the mine to be quite sure as to what is right
remains his element, and the doings of “society"
and what wrong. Questions of this sort may be
are almost as dull in his pages as they are in reality.
settled in two ways: either by strict reference to the
His technique is nearly always good, and the reader legal conditions or by appeal to the general fairness
of the situation.
can get some satisfaction from that. But even
Either settlement would be, in a
technique fails him in what may be taken as the
way, satisfactory; but Mr. Balestier got the technical
central episode of “Katherine Lauderdale," and
and the moral claims inextricably confused, and
the spectacle of the hero solemnly invoking the tes-
does not provide the data for a disentanglement.
timony of the family physician to prove that he (the Miss Woolson's posthumous novel is, like her ear-
hero) is not drunk, excites to a mirthfulness that can lier books, essentially a study of manners, although
hardly have been contemplated by Mr. Crawford. there is enough of passion to free the story from
--
-


1894.]
367
THE DIAL
so well.
little book consists of a dozen bits of dialogue based "
the reproach of monotony, and keep it well above go down to posterity as the terror of good parents and cor-
the level of commonplace. The scene is mainly in
rect school teachers. I am even mistrusted by the village
police everywhere!”
the Asheville of twenty years ago, but shifted at
MARJORIE (cutting in): “But the village girls won't love
times to the Florida that the author kn
you the less for it."
The characters are drawn with admirable distinct-
FLEMMING (judiciously): "Aldrich did one very fine thing
ness and vitality, those of Horace Chase and his with the ‘Bad Boy'; he annihilated the prig in American ju-
wife bearing, in all their words and actions, the
venile literature for a generation."
warrant of their own actuality. The self-righteous-lightful poet that he is. (A maid appears in the doorway.)
MARJORIE : And that's almost as good as being the de-
ness of the sister-in-law, Genevieve, seems to us
And now we'll have luncheon." (Exeunt.)
a little exaggerated, but, with this possible excep-
tion, the characters have the singular merit of be good as this throughout, we should do enough to
When we say that “Overheard in Arcady” is as
ing kept within truthful bounds under circumstances
send it a host of readers. “ A Little Dinner in Ar-
that would have tempted many writers to distortion
cady" closes the volume, the guests being English
for the sake of heightened effect. We should hardly and American novelists and such of their characters
say that “ Horace Chase" will add noticeably to Miss
as Daisy Miller, Diana (of The Crossways), Meh
Woolson's reputation, but it shows that her rather
Lady, and the Princess Saracinesca. “Life,” who
unusual powers were sustained to the last, and it is
acts as host, explains the seating : “I told each man
a worthy accession to the half-dozen books that
to bring one of his own family. Then I mixed the
stand as a memorial of one of the most capable and
names in a hat and drew this combination.” The
conscientious of our recent novelists.
conversation is after such fashion as the following:
“If only there were more of it!” will be the Daisy MILLER: “Think of our flattering Charley Rich
exclamation of most readers of “Overheard in and his set. They are so conceited now that they think all
Arcady,” by Mr. Robert Bridges-our own cis-At-
the girls are in love with them. We have to train all the
lantic Robert Bridges. This altogether charming We are onto their style.”
young nobs down with sarcasm before they are endurable.
PRINCESS SARACINESCA (to Page): “What queer English
upon the humorous fancy of bringing together the that young woman speaks! I fear that I must have had an
principal characters in a man's books, and setting
uncultivated teacher in Rome. It's all so strange to me."
them to talking about their creator. Thus, Bartley
PAGE: “You must come and visit us in Ole Vahginia, my
deah lady, to heah the real old English language. We are
Hubbard, Fulkerson, Annie Kilburn, and others,
descended from the Cavaliers, madam."
talk about Mr. Howells; Daisy Miller and the Mas PRINCESS : “Now, I understand the peculiar spelling in
ter discuss Mr. Henry James ; the Lady and the Marse Chan.' It's old English, is n't it, like Chaucer and
Tiger converse about Mr. Stockton; while Mr. Craw Beowulf?”
ford falls into the hands of Corona Saracinesca,
PAGE (shifting the subject): “Oh, I say, Meh Lady, you
must invite the Princess down to the old plantation. She is
Russell Vanbrugh, Mr. Isaacs, and Ram Lal, who,
writing a book about America, and I reckon it will be all Bos-
strangely enough, all happen to meet on a P. and 0. ton and New York, as usual, unless we divert her."
steamer. That Mr. Bridges brings an audacious MRS. HAWKSBEE: “Invite me too, please. I want to see
fancy to the execution of this novel idea is evident America. I only know what I've read about it in Mr. James's
from mere mention of the dialogue between the
novels, and what Mr. Kipling has told me."
BUNNER (behind his hand to Page): "She must have a
Lady and the Tiger, and still more so from the fact
beautiful chromo picture of us then in her mental gallery.
that Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, in another of these Imagine taking your impression of America from James and
ingenious compositions, calmly discuss their peculiar Kipling!”
mutual relations. Here is a bit of the dialogue be We must say in closing that the fun in which Mr.
tween a few of Mr. Aldrich's characters :
Bridges indulges is always good-natured, and that
MARJORIE: “There is the original Bad Boy now! Don't it serves as a mask for not a little genial and se-
you know Tom Bailey, of New York, the distinguished poli rious criticism — the criticism that delights in pay-
tician and editor? He is at the Surf House. (Greetings and
ing tribute to whatever it finds that is lovely and of
introductions). We were speaking of you. Mr. Flemming
thinks your biography the best of Mr. Aldrich's novels." good report in the work under consideration.
BAILEY (in despair): “Can I never live down that awful Some of the many volumes of short stories that
tale of my youth! Some people really believe that I did all
have recently been published seem to call for a few
those things. I think I should have been nominated for gov-
ernor last June if a rival paper had not unearthed what it
words of description or comment. The characteristics
called my Terrible Record as a Boy in Rivermouth.'' of Mr. Thomas Hardy's work are so well known as
FLEMMING (laughing): “I remember, but I heard a dozen hardly to need re-statement. “Life's Little Ironies”
men at the club declare that they would like to have a chance
is the title given to a score of tales and character
to vote for the original of the Bad Boy. They all looked upon
sketches. They deal with people who would be abso-
you as the friend of their youth. I have n't a doubt that every
winter a wave of midnight explosions sweeps over the villages lutely uninteresting in the hands of
less a mas-
any
of this country. It means that the next crop of boys has been ter, and even his genius has much to contend with
reading the 'Story of a Bad Boy.' It is passed along from gen in their presentation. “A Tragedy of Two Ambi-
eration to generation of village youngsters with Tom Brown'
tions” and “On the Western Circuit" are perhaps
and • Verdant Green.' That is true immortality for an author.
There are no books we love so long, no authors we remember
the strongest of these aptly-entitled tales. Miss
so kindly, as those we read and delighted in when young." Harraden's “In Varying Moods” will probably
BAILEY (with mock earnestness): "Then I'm condemned to attract more attention than it deserves. The stories


368
(June 16,
THE DIAL
of
are very slight, and the mark of the amateur senti grow.” “A well-ordered library must admit read-
mentalist is
upon
them. “ The Umbrella-Mender,” ers to its shelves, where, under proper restric-
the best and most original of them, is a little sugges tions, they may look over the books on a given sub-
tive of Hawthorne. Of the six stories in Mrs. Foote’s ject and not be confined to the narrow range im-
volume, four are upon the Western themes that she posed by the limitations of reading-room use. The
handles with such picturesque effect and easy mas whole gospel of library architecture is condensed
tery. These are distinctly the best, and among them into this sentence: "The order should be to require
“ In Exile” and “ The Watchman seem to us the the architect to put a presentable exterior on an in-
most attractive. They exhibit many of the qualities terior having only use in view, and not, as is so
displayed by Mr. Bret Harte, although without his often done, to require the librarian to make the best
humor. In its place there is a certain gravity and he can of an interior imposed by the exigencies of
a certain reserved poetical feeling that may be held the architect's taste or the demand of a building
sufficient to make up the balance. There are eight committee for a monumental structure.” Here are
stories in Mr. Ward's volume, widely varied in their some golden words upon the selection of books :
themes. The author has considerable powers of in “Sometimes the work of selection is allowed to
vention, but they often lead him to forced and even pass
into the hands of some one who is supposed to
preposterous situations. More than once, also, does be competent because he is a book-fancier, possibly
he give the cord of sensibility a decided wrench. something of a bibliomaniac, but who fills the library
But the stories are readable, and more; at their best with books which constitute a literary museum, rather
they are strongly interesting. The volume of seven than a literary laboratory or workshop.” On the sub-
stories just published by Mr. Davis shall serve us for ject of cataloguing, Mr. Fletcher entertains the ra-
a bonne bouche. We are inclined to think « The tional notion that a catalogue should be made intel-
Exiles ” the best story that Mr. Davis has written, ligible to those who want to use it. This doctrine
although “ His Bad Angel ” is a good second. It needs urging in view of the recent vogue systems
would certainly be rash to say that all the good that only the initiated can understand. “The classi-
stories have been told as long as the fertile genius fication schemes,” Mr. Fletcher says, “proceed on
that has given us these and so many others is at the idea of taking the whole field of knowledge as
work. Few writers know so well what to say, just the unit, and dividing and subdividing it by some
how to arrange it, or just when to stop. There is logical process, with a large infusion of arithmetic
not a wearisome page in the volume, and the author in the case of the decimal systems and some others.
shows himself singularly independent of the hack. They are thus quite completely theoretical, and in
neyed devices of the professional story-teller. practice are too rigid and mechanical to fit the nat-
WILLIAM Morton PAYNE.
ural differentiation of books one from another; for
the books in a library do not lend themselves to
such a process of logical subdivision.” As an illus-
tration of his views, the author gives us a simple
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
outline classification of the books likely to be found
in the general public or college library, and his pub-
Mr. William I. Fletcher's little book
“ Public Libraries in America"
lishers have reprinted this chapter in a volume by
itself, with the title, "Library Classification. We
(Roberts), written for Professor
should like to discuss the thoughtful chapter on
Todd's “ Columbian Knowledge " series, is so good
a book for its purpose that we fear our few remarks
“Library Laws,” but must refer readers to the book
will do it but imperfect justice. It discusses, in
for that. As a compendium of fact, Mr. Fletcher's
little treatise is of much value. We note particu-
brief chapters that almost invariably contain just
the things that ought to be said and no others, such larly, its history of the library movement in Amer-
subjects as library legislation, buildings, catalogues,
ica, its account of special libraries and collections,
and management, the relation of the library to the
and its tables of library statistics. The illustrations,
community, the selection of books, and the training of buildings and portraits of librarians. Among the
also, are remarkably well chosen, being mostly plans
of the librarian. One may find words of soberness
and wisdom upon nearly every page.
latter we note the fine likeness of W. F. Poole, and
We select
few examples. “* First, appoint your librarian,' is
the biographical sketch ending with mention of his
recent death —"the heaviest loss American libra-
a maxim worthy the attention of newly formed
boards of trustees." " Experience has shown that
rianship has known." Perhaps the best thing we
can say of Mr. Fletcher's book is that Dr. Poole
care is necessary to avoid the opposite dangers, on
the one hand of a library administration left to the
would have given his cordial approval to almost
mercy of shifting politics, and on the other of one
run as a close corporation tending naturally to be-
Prof. Hurley's
The sixth volume of Professor Hux-
come a one-man power.” “The way, then, to start
ley’s “Collected Essays” (Appleton)
a library is to start it, not to make great plans and
Philosophy.
is a reprint of the “ Hume” written
invoke State aid at the outset; but in a simple way for the “ English Men of Letters " series, supple-
to make a beginning from which the library may mented by two chapters on Berkeley. We learn
>>
Public Libraries
in America,
on
every line of it.
Studies in
-


1894.]
369
THE DIAL
from the introduction that the author once expected probability, to have taken a definite line and held to
to write a companion volume on Berkeley, “but the it with so much substantial likelihood, is surely a re-
burdens and distractions of a busy life led to the markable achievement.” Of this essay Bishop Words-
postponement of this, as of many other projects, till worth said: “I can only describe it as represent-
too late.” The chapters here included are really ing an enormous amount of multifarious reading
studies for that work. The following remarks, which and of energetic thought, boiled down to a consist-
cannot be accepted without some reserve, indicate ency so refined that it gives no sign of the process
Professor Huxley's attitude towards the fundamen it has undergone. It strikes me as the most won-
tal problems of philosophy, and at the same time derfully massive and complete piece of work in the
suggest the limitations, which are not only his own, way of literary criticism I have ever seen; and I
but those of Mr. Herbert Spencer as well. The re doubt whether there is anything to equal it in that
marks take the form of a word of advice to the line.” This is of course exaggerated, but the sub-
younger generation. “If it is your desire to dis stantial value of the biography, as well as of the
course fluently and learnedly about philosophical other papers in this volume, is not to be disputed.
questions, begin with the Ionians and work steadily The study of “What Shakespeare Learnt at School”
through to the latest new speculative treatise. If is particularly valuable. By a careful examination
you have a good memory and a fair knowledge of of the grammar schools of the sixteenth century,
Greek, Latin, French, and German, three or four and of the books used in them, it is found possible
years spent in this way should enable you to attain to construct with something like completeness the
your object. If, on the contrary, you are animated poet's early education, while the conclusions thus
by the much rarer desire for real knowledge; if reached from a priori reasoning are abundantly cor-
you want to get a clear conception of the deepest roborated by careful examination of the plays them-
problems set before the intellect of man, there is
there is selves. It is particularly instructive to compare the
no need, so far as I can see, for
you to go beyond prominent place given to Ovid in the schools of the
the limits of the English tongue. Indeed, if you are time, on the one hand, with Shakespeare's marked
pressed for time, three English authors will suffice; fondness for and familiarity with that poet, on the
namely, Berkeley, Hume, and Hobbes." From these other. So much prodigious nonsense has been
three writers one may get, we are told,
as much
written about Shakespeare's learning that it is com-
sound philosophical training as is good for any- forting to find the subject sanely discussed from a
one but an expert.” This statement is so near the rational point of view.
truth that we almost regret to insist upon
the claims
of Kant and Schopenhauer. Yet there can be no
In the second edition of Dr. P. W.
doubt that they also are “good for anyone,” not
Joyce's “Old Celtic Romances"
even an expert, and that, furthermore, they sup-
(Macmillan), we find twelve charm-
ply certain elements absolutely essential to the com ing old tales
- part verse, part prose - translated
prehension of the philosophical problem, elements from the original Gaelic manuscripts as preserved in
hardly to be got from a study of the author's great Trinity College and in the Royal Irish Academy,
trio of English thinkers.
Dublin. His principle of translation has been to
preserve the spirit and manner rather than the ex-
Baynes's
The Shakespearian studies of the
act words; the originals being simple in style, the
Shakespearian late Thomas Spencer Baynes, to English is of the kind he supposes the old shanachies
Studies.
gether with a paper on - English (professional story-tellers) themselves would have
Dictionaries,” have been collected in a volume now
used, had they spoken English instead of Gaelic.
published (Longmans), and prefaced by a bio Like the Welsh legends of Arthur and his Round
graphical sketch of the author. This sketch is the Table, or the Arabian romances of Haroun-al-Ras-
work of Professor Lewis Campbell, and gives an chid and his Court, these stories centre generally
excellent idea of the activity displayed by Baynes around the exploits of some favorite hero. One of
as a professor of philosophy and literature, as a them, “The Voyage of Maildun,” a tale of the
journalist, and as editor of the “Encyclopædia eighth century, has an added interest from the fact
Britannica.” The Shakespearian studies now re that it was Dr. Joyce's translation that furnished
printed include the following: “What Shakespeare Tennyson the inspiration for his poem “The Voy-
Learnt at School,” “ Shakespearian Glossaries,”
age
of Maeldune.'
“New Shakespearian Interpretations,” and the
“Encyclopædia Britannica" article on Shakespeare.
In " An Old Master and Other Po-
Of the latter, the editor says with justice: “ The
The Study litical Essays" (Scribner), Professor
of Politics.
strength of this essay lies not so much in the spe-
Woodrow Wilson gives some valu-
cial as in the general preparation of the writer. able contributions to political science. In the first
It was deeply rooted in his own life, and drew upon and second papers of the volume —“An Old Mas-
his whole past experience, in the world, not less ter" (who is Adam Smith), and “ The Study of
than in the study. His attempt to replace Shake Politics” — he discusses methods of investigation
speare in his actual environment is wonderfully suc and presentation in this science, and makes an elo-
cessful, and amid such a farrago of all shades of quent plea for men who, like Adam Smith, “ will
Old Celtic
Romances.


370
[June 16,
THE DIAL
women.
dare to know a multitude of things. Without them
BRIEFER MENTION.
and their bold synthetic methods, al knowledge and
Volume 47 of “ The Century,” now published in cloth
all thought would fall apart into a weak analysis.
covers, is noticeable for its articles about Napoleon, mu-
Their minds do not lack in thorougliness : their thor-
sical composers, and Abraham Lincoln, for its publica-
oughness simply lacks in minuteness." The third
tion of three papers by James Russell Lowell, for “ Mark
essay is a sound presentation of “Political Sov Twain's " « Pudd’nhead Wilson" and Mrs. Foote's
ereignty” as resident in “ the law-making organ of “Cậur d'Alene," and for the 340 illustrations, among
the State, in contravention of the crude theorizing which Mr. Timothy Cole's Dutch masters are easily first.
that would lodge it in the people. The substance These engravings from Rembrandt, Jan Steen, and
of the fourth and fifth papers, on “ Character of
Frans Hals are worthy successors of the Italian masters
included in Mr. Cole's earlier series.
Democracy in the United States” and “Govern-
ment Under the Constitution,” is a demand for re-
Mr. George Waring, Jr., translates from the Dutch
sponsible leadership in our government, which shall
of Heer J. G. W. Fijnje van Salverda an interesting lit-
tle book on “ Aërial Navigation ” (Appleton), and sup-
bring organization and unity into our now hope plements it by a resumé of the recent experiments of
lessly sporadic methods of legislation, and shall
Professor Langley and others. The book is timely, for
fasten upon Congress “an even more positive form its subject is in the air,” and most mechanics who have
of accountability than now rests upon the President followed the course of recent experimental work look
and the courts.' The methods of " An Old Mas for a speedy practical application of the principles that
ter” pervade this valuable little book.
have been established by Messrs. Langley, Maxim, and
Holland. It is hardly necessary to say that the balloon
A pioneer
Mary Mortimer was one of that band idea is now practically abandoned, and that mechanics
worker for of earnest women, of whom Cathe look to some form of aëroplane as the solution of the
rine Beecher was the chief, who half
problem presented.
Professors W. A. Stevens and Ernest D. Burton have
a century ago did so much for the cause of the ed-
ucation of women in what was then " the new West."
collaborated in the preparation of “ A Harmony of the
Gospels for Historical Study” (Silver, Burdett & Co.).
It seems almost like ancient history to read of the
The version of 1881 is taken as a basis, and from it the
difficulties and the strangeness of their work, as told
editors have made an analytical synopsis of the four
by Mrs. Minerva Brace Norton in “Mary Morti gospels, employing the device of parallel columns as far
mer: A Memoir” (Revell). Milwaukee was one of as it is practicable to do so. The work is a “Harmony
the promising young cities in which their labors were in the sense of an exhibit, not of an explanation or re-
most successful, and Miss Mortimer spent nearly conciliation. There are nine principal divisions of the
twenty-five years of her life as Principal of Mii narrative with many sections and sub-sections. The ap-
waukee Female College. The record of her able
paratus of the book is quite elaborate and complete, but
and inspiring career, her wide and gracious influ-
too complicated to be mastered without considerable
study. When mastered, it ought to prove very helpful.
ence over the many young lives with whom she
The two-volume work upon “Big Game Shooting
came in contact, has been written by a careful and
(Little, Brown & Co.), which Mr. Clive Phillipps-Wol-
affectionate hand. Such lives must ever be worthy ley bas edited for the “ Badminton ” library, is a verit-
of tribute, since, to quote Miss Mortimer's own able encyclopædia for that sportsman whose ambition
words, "Few things are so soul-cheering in the soars above the domestic bare or the grouse of his na-
weary pilgrimage of life as the knowledge, brought tive heath. It includes nearly two score of articles by
home to one's heart, of the life and triumphs of
the best specialists upon the several subjects included -
genius and goodness.”
there being articles by such mighty hunters as Sir Sam-
uel Baker, Mr. F. C. Selous, Mr. Warburton Pike, and
In a volume entitled “Waymarks
Mr. W. A. Baillie-Grobman. The volumes are abund-
Waymarks
in Church in Church History” (Longmans),
antly and artistically illustrated.
History.
William Bright, D.D., Canon of
Among late modern language texts we note Herr
“ Der Rittmeister von Alt-Rosen," one of the
Freytag's
Christ Church, Oxford, and Regius Professor of
“ Ahnen” series, edited, with an interesting introduc-
Ecclesiastical History, has collected a dozen of his
tion, by Professor James T. Hatfield; Schiller's “Maria
lectures and articles written for Church magazines
Stuart," edited by Prof. Lewis A. Rhoades; and an
during the decade 1883-93. The subjects, includ- adaptation, by M. P. Desages, of Mérimée's “La Chron-
ing Gnosticism, Ante-Nicene Sectarianism, the ique de Charles IX.” All three of these books are ad-
Arian Controversy, S. Basil, the controversies of ditions to the lengthy list of Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co.
the fourth and fifth centuries, Cyril of Alexandria, That pleasant poet, William Browne of Tavistock,
Pelagianism, the Papacy, the Clergy and Secular who wrote “Britannia's Pastorals” and many other
Employments, Bede and Laud, may seem, at first
things, now makes a two-volume appearance in the
glance, already well worn, but each is treated with “ Temple” library (Scribner), for which his works have
direct reference to some recent question which has
been edited by Mr. Gordon Goodwin. Mr. A. H. Bul-
len's introduction adds a distinct charm to this already
arisen, thus giving to the papers a present-day in-
charming edition. We note that the present editor very
terest. The collation and republication of the es-
definitely assigns to Browne the familiar lines “On the
says have not only provided the opportunity for
Countess Dowager of Pembroke," and the evidence cer-
careful recension, but also for the addition of an tainly favors his authorship as against that of Jonson,
important appendix to each.
or indeed of any other.


1894.]
371
THE DIAL
It is more than ten years since Mr. Edgar Fawcett
NEW YORK TOPICS.
began the publication of a series of novels and short
New York, June 11, 1894. stories, the scenes of which were laid in New York -
With the opening of the summer season, novels are
modern New York, that is. It had occurred to him to
more than ever the books of the hour. The success of look about his native city and to make use of metropol-
some of them is really phenomenal: Mr. Crawford's itan scenes and types familiar to him from boyhood.
* Katharine Lauderdale " is now in its sixth edition, and Some of the sketches in his volume of - Social Sil-
Mrs. Ward's “ Marcella" has, I believe, reached a fifth houettes,” while lacking nothing in romantic quality,
large edition in this country alone. Publishers are con presented to view most lifelike personifications of char-
sidering manuscripts sent them with more and more acters common in our social life. Almost at the same
care, fearful of overlooking what may prove to be the
time with Mr. Fawcett's occupation of the New York
success of the season. This is particularly true of novels field, a number of other novelists selected the same
offered them for copyright publication by English pub-ground as the locality of their stories - notably Mr.
lishers. Messrs. D. Appleton & Co. believe that “ A Henry C. Bunner, Mr. William Dean Howells, and Mr.
Daughter of Music," by G. Colmore, an English lady, William Henry Bishop, to say nothing of a host of lesser
which they have just brought out, will attract the same writers. Just at present there seems to be a revival of
general attention here that it is gaining in England, the New York novel. It is hard to say whether the
where it has been compared to “Wuthering Heights." city is becoming more interesting, but at least Mrs.
This firm has been very active in securing the works of
Burton Harrison with her “ Bachelor Maid,” Mr. Ma-
leading novelists. Messrs. Appleton will publish Mr. rion Crawford with his “Katbarine Lauderdale" and
S. R. Crockett's next volume, “ The Lilac Sunbonnet,” the sequel he is now writing, and Mr. Charles Dudley
and they have arranged to issue Dr. Conan Doyle's Warner with his new “Harper" serial, “ The Golden
coming novels. They will also publish Mr. Hall Caine's House,” have found it worth their while to write about
6. The Manxman " in the fall. In their « Town and things “here at home.”
Country Series” will soon appear “ Outlaw and Law A curious paragraph has been going the rounds, to
maker,” by Mrs. Campbell Praed, “ A Mild Barbarian," the effect that the Rev. Walter Mitchell, whose “ Two
by Edgar Fawcett, and“ Dr. Janet of Harley Street,” by Strings to his Bow" has just been published by Messrs.
Arabella Kenealy. They will also publish Miss Kate Houghton, Mifflin & Co., is the author of an earlier
Sanborn's “ Abandoning an Adopted Farm,” which re novel entitled “Tacking Ship off Shore.” Readers of
counts her amusing failure in adopting a farm pre-
the “ Atlantic Monthly” will remember that “Tacking
viously abandoned by someone else, and which of course Ship off Shore was a poem, and it is, I think, one of
is a sequel to her former book on the same subject. the finest sailing-poems in the language. Mr. Mitchell's
This will appear in Messrs. Appletons' new "Handy former novel, “ Bryan Maurice,” was first published in
Volume Series,” in which they will reissue “Mrs. Lim 1866 and reissued in 1888. During the Puritan Gen-
ber's Raffle," a novel by Mr. William Allen Butler, pub- esta races he published another fine sailing poem, “The
lished anonymously some ten years ago and now first Cup Defender," which was widely copied.
acknowledged by the author of “ Nothing to Wear.” The death of Mr. Thomas Niles, of Messrs. Roberts
Messrs. Harper & Brothers appear to be reaching Brothers, Boston, was a great surprise to most of his
out Bostonwards, for they announce a volume by Mrs. friends, but it appears that he had suffered from peri-
Harriet Prescott Spofford, “The Scarlet Poppy, and
odical attacks of illness for some time, although saying
Other Stories." One or two of these stories have ap-
little about it. He was much liked by all publishers
peared in this firmi’s periodicals. The book includes,
and authors who knew him, and gained an enviable rep-
besides the title story, “ The Tragic Story of Binns,”
utation for fair dealing. He was not, as has been gen-
“The Composite Wife, “Mrs. Claxton's Skeleton," and erally stated, the sole owner of the publishing-house
other of Mrs. Spofford's always fresh and entertaining with which he was connected, Mr. Roberts being the
studies. Mr. John Kendrick Bangs, the author of that chief owner and having always taken an active part in
weirdly grotesque volume,“ Toppleton's Client,” will the business, though preferring to remain in the back-
bring out through Messrs. Harper “The Water Ghost, ground. Mr. Roberts and Mr. Niles shared equally in
and Others," a book of ghost-stories full of the spark-
the literary and business management.
ling dialogue, original situations, and the pervasive hu Messrs. Roberts Brothers recently brought out a copy-
mor in which this author excels.
righted edition of George Egerton's “ Keynotes,” which
New volumes of fiction announced by Messrs. Henry they accepted on its merits, and which they are thus
Holt & Co. are “A Suburban Pastoral, and Other able to sell exclusively in this country. They are just
Tales” by Professor Henry A. Beers, of Yale Univer about to publish - The Dancing Faun," by Florence
sity, and “ Quaker Idyls” by Mrs. S. M. H. Gardner. Farr, for which they anticipate an equal success. Both
Professor Beers's standard manuals of English and
these volumes have decorative title-pages designed by
American literature, his life of Willis, and his volume Aubrey Beardsley, which indeed are quite the fashion.
of poems, “The Thankless Muse," have made him known The Edinburgh edition of the works of Robert Louis
aside from his college work. The present volume is Stevenson, in twenty volumes, will be published in this
the first collection of his stories which has been made. country by Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons, who have
The title story is perhaps the best sketch of suburban secured a portion of the limited and only edition of one
life in an American city yet written. Professor Beers's thousand copies. The consent of four English publish-
stories are marked by powerful but artistically sup ing houses was necessary in order to perfect the plan of
pressed feeling. Almost all of them relate to American this edition. It will be published in library style, with
life. Mrs. S. M. H. Gardner is a resident of Andover, little decorative matter, save a few frontispieces, under
Mass., but the scenes of her “ Quaker Idyls” are laid the supervision of Mr. Sidney Colvin. There will be
in Philadelphia, and some of them deal with anti-abo three volumes of “Miscellanies,” including early writ-
litionist times.
ings and unsigned articles from periodicals. In quite


372
[June 16,
THE DIAL
another department of literature, I do not see why some
one does not collect Mr. Howells’s variously published
works in a similar standard edition. Mr. Noah Brooks's
“ Tales of the Maine Coast” is just out, and will be wel-
comed as his first volume of fiction for grown-up readers.
He is now once more a resident of Castine, Maine, his
birthplace, and he has endeavored with success to por-
tray the characteristics of the people and the natural
scenery of the Maine coast. Many of his characters are
drawn from real life, and the town of Castine itself is
thinly disguised as “Fairport." The titles of some of
the stories are “Pansy Pegg,'
,” « The Apparition of Jo
Murch," "The Phantom Sailor," « The Waif of Nautilus
Island,” and “ A Century Ago."
ARTHUR STEDMAN.
likely to rank with Goldoni's in mirroring actual Ital-
ian life, and his admirers will rejoice to know that his
long struggle against poverty is practically ended.
A - Universal Index to the World's Technical and
Scientific Literature” is announced for publication in
Vienna. The work as contemplated is intended to fur-
nish a comprehensive index to the literature of scientific
subjects. It will include periodicals as well as books,
and is meant to represent all the known literature that
has appeared in any part of the world on technical or
scientific topics.
Dr. Murray, who is passing the letter D of the “ New
English Dictionary” through the press, states that
American readers can render a great assistance by not-
ing early instances of all the terms of American poli-
tics, since this research is very difficult if undertaken
in England. Examples of the use of such terms, duly
authenticated by chapter and verse (author, edition,
volume, page), with date, should be forwarded to “Dr.
Murray, Oxford, England,” no other address being nec-
essary.
The 400th anniversary of Hans Sachs's birthday, Nor-
ember 5, 1894, will be appropriately celebrated by the
University of the City of New York, a number of well-
known university professors of German participating.
Professor A. S. Isaacs, of this university, has received
permission from the author and publisher to translate
into English Professor Max Koch's admirable “History
of German Literature,” issued a few months ago in Ger-
many. The work has been very favorably noticed in
the press.
LITERARY NOTES AND MISCELLANY.
Mr. Ruskin's “ Verona and Other Lectures" will be
issued in this country by Messrs. Macmillan & Co.
· Fliegende Blätter,” the national comic paper of Ger-
many, is now issuing its hundredth semi-annual volume.
Messrs. J. M. Dent & Co. have in preparation an edi-
tion of Coleridge, to be edited by Mr. Stopford Brooke.
William Roscher, the great German economist, died
at Leipzig on the fourth of this month, at the age of
seventy-six.
A London correspondent reports that Mr. W. W.
Astor has contracted to pay £2850 for the serial rights
of Mr. Stevenson's next novel.
The “ Bibliothèque Nationale” of France has decided
to print the catalogue of its collection, which, amount-
ing to more than two and a half million volumes, is the
largest in the world.
Mr. F. Marion Crawford, who, as readers of “The
Witch of Prague” know, has dabbled a little in mod-
ern mysticism, contributes to " Book Reviews” (Mac-
millan) for June an article called “ A Modern View of
Mysticism.” His discussion of the subject is somewhat
too credulous to be taken very seriously.
It was fitting that M. Bourget should succeed his
master Taine in the French Academy, and hardly less
so that M. Albert Sorel should have been awarded the
chair left vacant by the death of Maxime Ducamp. M.
Sorel's most important work is “L'Europe et la Révo-
lution Française,” in four volumes.
The death of the Hon. Roden Noel is cabled from
London. He was born in 1834, and educated at Trin-
ity College, Cambridge. His books include “Behind
the Veil, and Other Poems” (1863), “Beatrice, and
Other Poems” (1868), “ A Little Child's Monument”
(1881), and “ Essays upon Poetry and Poets” (1886).
The following “true story” is from “The Westmin-
ster Gazette”: “Mr. Elliot Stock recently published a
new edition of Thomas a Kempis. A favorable review
was cut out by a news-cutting agency, and addressed to
• Thomas A. Kempis, Esq.,' care of his publisher, inti-
mating that on payment of a guinea he could be supplied
with all references to his writings."
Signor Gallina, the Italian playwright and poet, bas
been granted a yearly pension of $500 by the syndic
and municipality of Venice, to enable him to continue
writing without continually facing the necessity of seek-
ing other employment to keep the wolf from the door.
For twenty years he has been writing plays which are
Mr. W. D. Howells, in a recent interview, spoke as
follows of the Spanish novelists: “The modern Spanish
school interests me keenly at present. There are many
novelists of the first rank among them that ought to
be more widely read than they are.
I may mention
Perez Galdos—his Doña Prefecta' is excellent-Juan
Valera, author of Pepita Jeminez'; Palacio Valdés,
and Emilia Pardo Bazan. In fact, these clever writers
of Spain easily outclass their French contemporaries,
with the exception of Zola, ranking next, in my judg-
ment, to those of Russia."
A group of German and Swiss professors have issued
a circular asking for subscriptions towards a Bürger
monument. June 8, 1894, will be the hundredth an-
niversary of the death of Gottfried August Bürger," the
great master of the popular German ballad literature.”
It is suggested that the monument should be erected
over his grave in Göttingen. It was in Göttingen that
the young student of theology was made a ballad-writer
by the study of Bishop Percy's Reliques," and here
he wrote his “Lenore.” The grave is now marked only
by a weatherbeaten column. Subscriptions will be re-
ceived by the Dieterisch'sche Buchhandlung at Göttin-
gen, the house which originally published Bürger's
poems.
The London “Bookman" publishes monthly lists of
the new books most in demand at the principal book-
selling centres of the United Kingdom. These lists
usually consist of six books each, named in the order of
their popularity. In the lists for May we notice that
Mr. Stead's book, “ If Christ Came to Chicago," has the
first place in the esteem of Middlesbrough readers, while
Edinburgh holds it fourth, and Liverpool sixth. As
for London, it is ranked fourth by the West End, and
second by the East. Fashionable London, it seems, pre-
fers - The Yellow Book," Mr. Swinburne's “ Astrophel,"*


1894.]
373
THE DIAL
and Mr. Brooke's “ Tennyson.” Manchester, Birming embodied in personality, in characters, they fail to cre-
ham, Glasgow, and Aberdeen will have none of it. ate perfect illusion. The novelist who has not creative
The Loubat prizes of $1000 and $400 — established genius, or is too lazy to represent life in characters, some-
-at Columbia College by Joseph F. Loubat for the best
times resorts to ear-marks, or names them by label or
works published in the English language upon the his some trick or phrase or gait. But so little are the char-
tory, geography, archæology, ethnology, philology, or
acters realized by the author or felt by the reader that
numismatics of North America—have been awarded for the speech of one might be taken for that of another,
1893 as follows: First prize to Mr. Henry Adams for
and is not at all distinguished in page after page of
his “ History of the United States of America During level dialogne. To avoid this sameness of utterance,
the Administrations of Madison and Jefferson,” in nine
resort is had to dialect-for so bad spelling and defect-
volumes; second prize to Mr. A. F. Bandelier for his
ive grammar are often named. Play-writers have an
“ Report of Investigations Among Indians of the South- advantage, for their characters are visibly represented,
western States,” in two volumes. Mr. Adams has pre-
and can be distinguished by their voices and peculiar-
sented to the College, for the purchase of books for the
ities of manner and dress, but they also often resort to
library, the sum awarded to him.
the inartistic expedient of catchwords and repeated
A friendly correspondent calls our attention to the
phrases. It is true that a given society of people use
inadvertance whereby, in the last issue of The DIAL,
substantially the same language; that is, well-bred
the late Madame Renan was spoken of as the daughter,
people speak in one way and illiterate people in an-
other way. The great difficulty of the novelist is to
instead of the niece, of the artist Scheffer, and to the
more serious error of publishing the obituary of Herr distinguish by their speech persons using substantially
the same language. But no two persons do con-
von Sacher-Masoch before the Galician novelist had de-
parted this life. Of this error, we can only say that we
verse in the same way; the distinctions between them
may be fine, but they are always recognized, for they
shared it with a large section of the American press.
come out of the character, which is never repeated.
The statement was so generally published that we had
This fine discrimination, in dialogue as well as in action,
no reason to doubt its accuracy. Like the report that
Mr. Ruskin bad been appointed Poet Laureate, it got into
can never be attained by a writer until he dramatically
realizes his character, and is then truthful to his con-
circulation no one knows how, and ran its course. We
ception. We talk a great deal about novels being true
understand that Herr von Sacher-Masoch is still se-
to life, but can we think of any novel that is true to the
riously ill.
universal apprehension, and that has passed from gen-
The London “Bookman ” has this tribute to the ver-
eration to generation, that does not owe its life to its
satility of the late W. Robertson Smith: “ His pub vivid characters ?”
lished works, high and varied as their importance is,
give but a faint idea of the extraordinary man who wrote
them. It was often said of him that he knew more
than any other man alive. Music alone seemed to have
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
no interest for him, except a scientific one. But of all
June, 1894 (Second List).
the other arts, of all sciences, of all histories, literatures, Algonkins, Migrations of the. C.S. Wake. Am. Antiquarian.
and philosophies, his knowledge was amazing; no one Ballot for Women, The. Matthew Hale. Forum.
knew the limits of it; and bis readiness in the command Beethoven's Pianoforte Sonatas. Music.
of it seemed almost superhuman. For hours, for a long Booksellers of the Paris Quays. W. I. Way. Dial (June 16)
day even, he could talk without weariness or dulness on Christian Missions in India. F. P. Powers. Forum.
subject after subject to his company's heart's content, and
Church Property, Taxation of. J. M. Farley. Forum.
never be commonplace, never fail to stimulate and in-
Clough and Emerson. F. H. Williams. Poet-Lore.
struct. His wealth of ideas was almost as marvellous as
Coxeyism and the Interest Question. Social Economist.
Culture Heroes and Deified Kings. Am. Antiquarian.
his wealth of knowledge; his mind was far too restless to
Democracy and the Poet. N. P. Gilman. New World.
stay content even with the enormous collection of facts English at the University of Chicago. Dial (June 16).
and of other men's opinions that he had at such com Episcopalian Policy, The. W. Kirkus. New World.
mand."
Farmers, Fallacies, and Furrows. J. S. Morton. Forum.
Farm Prices, Fallacies About. Social Economist.
MR. WARNER ON CHARACTER DELINEATION IN FICTION.
Fiction, Recent. W. M. Payne. Dial (June 16).
Mr. C. D. Warner, in “ Harper's Monthly ” for June, Harvard Law School, 1869-94. Harvard Graduates' Mag.
thus writes of character delineation in modern fiction: Hawaii and Samoa, Importance of. Social Economist.
“It is true to say that modern fiction deals more with
Indian Music. Alice C. Fletcher. Music.
experience than with character. The novelist is more
Latin in the High School. F. W. Kelsey. Educational Rev.
concerned with certain ideas or views of life, with his
Latin Play at Harvard, The. Harvard Graduates' Magazine.
own experiences - got too often at second hand from
Literature and the Scientific Spirit. Poet-Lore.
Living Writers of Fiction. Dial (June 16).
other novels — than with the creation of characters in Marlborough, Lord Wolseley's Life of. Dial (June 16).
which life can be seen without his explanations. When Novel, Predominance of the. Richard Burton. Dial (June 16).
we refer to certain great works of fiction we always Pessimism, The Significance of. New World.
think of their defined and vivid characters, which take Phormio at Harvard. F. G. Ireland. Educational Rev.
their places in history as visible to our minds as any
President Eliot's Administration. Harvard Graduates' Mag.
people who ever lived, whereas in most recent novels
Public School Reform in New York. Educational Review.
we find mostly an attempt to set forth ideas or a state
Religious Equality in England. New World.
Saga Literature. J. H. Wisby. Poet-Lore.
of society, and in thinking of them we recall the study
Scholarships, Fellowships, etc. G. S. Hall. Forum.
of motives, the sketch of traits, incidents of daily life,
Silver Coinage. F.H. Head and J. C. Hendrix. Forum.
stopping short of adventure, and the more or less wide Singers, American. Illus. Music.
and knowing comments of the author. These are, to Whitney, William Dwight. J. T. Hatfield. Dial (June 16).
be sure, the raw materials of fiction, but until they are Woman-Suffrage Movement, Results of. Forum.


374
(June 16,
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, embracing 48 titles, includes all books
received by THE DIAL since last issue.]
GENERAL LITERATURE.
From the Easy Chair. By George William Curtis. Third
series ; with portrait, 24mo, pp. 232. Harper & Bros. $1.
Select Specimens of the Great French Writers in the
17th, 18th, and 19th Centuries. Edited by G. Eugène
Fasnacht. 12mo, uncut, pp. 592. Macmillan & Co. $1.75.
Studies in Medieval Life and Literature. By Edward
Tomkins McLaughlin. 12mo, pp. 188. G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $1.25.
The Inflections and Syntax of the Morte D'Arthur of
Malory: A Study in Fifteenth-Century English. By
Charles Sears Baldwin. 12mo, pp. 156. Ginn & Co. $1.50.
My Paris Note-Book. By the author of " An Englishman
in Paris.” 12mo, pp. 307. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.25.
A Gauntlet: Being the Norwegian Drama, En Hanske. By
Björnstjerne Björnson ; trans. by Osman Edwards. With
portrait, 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 151. Longmans, Green,
& Co. $1.50.
Richard Steele. Edited with Introduction and Notes, by G.
A. Aiken. Illus., 12mo, uncut, pp. 452. Scribner's
“Best Plays of the Old Dramatists." $1.25.
Wallenstein: Ein dramatisches Gedicht von Schiller. With
introduction and notes by W. H. Carruth, Ph.D. Illus.,
16mo, pp. 220. Henry Holt & Co. $1.
Lippincott's Select Novels: The Light of Other Days, by
Mrs. Forster; 12mo, pp. 305, 50 cts.
Lovell, Coryell's American Novel Series: A Brighton
Night, and a Brooklyn Bachelor, by Margaret Lee;
12mo, pp. 207. - Divorce, or, Faithful and Unfaithful,
by Margaret Lee ; 12mo, pp. 411. Each, 50 cts.
Whittaker's Library: Satan as a Moral Philosopher, by
Caleb S. Henry, D.D.; 12mo, pp. 296, 50 cts.- Pastime
Papers, by Frederick Saunders; 12mo, pp. 233, 50 cts.-
Elton Hazlewood, by Frederick George Scott; 12mo, pp.
146, 25 cts.
Bonner's Choice Series: Her Little Highness, by Nataly
von Eschstruth ; illus., 12mo, pp. 303. - In the China Sea,
by Seward W. Hopkins ; illus., 12mo, pp. 299. Each,
50 cts.
Lovell, Coryell's Illustrated Series: In and Out of Three
Normandy Inns, by Anna Bowman Dodd ; illus., 12mo,
pp. 394, 50 cts.
Tait's Kenilworth Series: The Green Bay Tree, by W. H.
Wilkins, and Herbert Vivian ; 12mo, pp. 389, 50 cts.
Home Book Co.'s Modern Novelists' Series : Though
the Gods and Years Relent, by Mrs. Edmund Nash More
gan; illus., 12mo, pp. 216, 50 cts.
Arena Co.'s Copley Square Series: A Better Financial
System, by George C. Ward ; 12mo, pp. 209, 25 cts.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
On the Wallaby; or, Through the East and Across Austra-
lia. By Guy Boothby, Ilus., 8vo, uncut, pp. 344. Long-
mans, Green, & Co. $4.
The Gypsy Road: A Journey from Krakow to Coblentz.
By Grenville A. J. Cole, F.G.S. Illus., uncut, pp. 166.
Macmillan & Co. $1.75.
The Garden That I Love. By Alfred Austin. Illus., 8vo,
uncut, pp. 168. Macmillan & Co. $2.50.
My Summer in a Mormon Village. By Florence A. Mer-
riam. With frontispiece, 16mo, pp. 171. Houghton,
Mifflin & Co. $1.
The Friendship of Nature: A New England Chronicle of
Birds and Flowers. By Mabel Osgood Wright. With
frontispiece, 24mo, gilt top, pp. 238. Macmillan & Co.
75 cts.
RELIGION.
Philosophy and Development of Religion: Being the
Gifford Lectures Delivered before the University of Edin-
burgh, 1894. By Otto Pfleiderer, D.D. In two vols.,
12mo, uncut. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $5.
The Life and Teachings of Jesus: A Critical Analysis of
the Sources of the Gospels, together with a Study of the
Sayings of Jesus. By Arthur Kenyon Rogers. 12mo,
pp. 354. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.75.
FICTION.
Perlycross. By R. D. Blackmore, author of “Lorna Doone."
12mo, pp. 493. Harper & Bros. $1.75.
A Traveler from Altruria: A Romance. By William Dean
Howells, author of "The Coast of Bohemia." 12mo, pp.
318. Harper & Bros. $1.50.
A Daughter of To-day. By Mrs. Everard Cotes (Sara
Jeannette Duncan), author of " A Social Departure."
12mo, pp. 392. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
The Wings of Icarus: Being the Life of one Emilia
Fletcher. By Laurence Alma Tadema. 18mo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 252. Macmillan & Co. $1.25.
Pastime Stories. By Thomas Nelson Page, author of " In
Ole Virginia.' Illus., 12mo, pp. 220. Harper & Bros.
$1.25.
A Suburban Pastoral, and Other Stories. By Henry A.
Beers. Illus., 18mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 265. Henry
Holt & Co. 75 cts.
Claudia Hyde. By Frances Courtenay Baylor, author of
“On Both Sides." 12mo, pp. 442. Houghton, Mifflin &
Co. $1.25.
Mary Fenwick's Daughter. By Beatrice Whitby, author
of “One Reason Why." 12mo, pp. 374. D. Appleton &
Co. $1.
The Shen's Pigtail, and Other Cues of Anglo-China Life.
By Mr. M
18mo, uncut, pp. 246. Putnam's “In-
cognito Library." 50 cts.
Belle-Plante and Cornellus. By Claude Tillier, author of
“My Uncle Benjamin"; trans. by Benj. R. Tucker.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 288. The Merriam Co. $1.25.
The Documents in Evidence. By Henry M. Blossom, Jr.
4to, pp. 26. St. Louis : Buxton & Spinner. $1.50.
Under the Second Renaissance. By Florence Trail, au-
thor of "Studies in Criticism." 16mo, pp. 190. Buffalo :
C. W. Moulton. $1.
A Likely Story: A Farce. By W. D. Howells. Illus.,
24mo, pp. 52. Harper's "Black and White Series."
50 cts.
Outrageous Fortune. By Edgar Fawcett, author of "The
New Nero." 16mo, uncut, pp. 431. New York: The
Concord Press. Paper, 50 cts.
The Fair Maid of Perth; or, St. Valentine's Day. By Sir
Walter Scott, Bart. Dryburgh edition ; illus., 12mo, un-
cut, pp. 467. Macmillan & Co. $1.25.
NEW VOLUMES IN THE PAPER LIBRARIES.
Harper's Quarterly Series: The New Timothy, by William
M. Baker; 12mo, pp. 344, 50 cts.
Rand, McNally's Globe Library: Against Odds, a Ro-
mance of the Midway Plaisance, by Lawrence L. Lynch;
12mo, pp. 272, 50 cts.
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL STUDIES.
Condition of the Aged Poor in England and Wales.
By Charles Booth. 8vo, uncut, pp. 527. Macmillan &
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Ethics of Citizenship. By John Maccunn, M.A. 12mo,
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Eight Hours for Work. By, John Rae, M.A., author of
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Putnam's "Questions of the Day.' 75 cts.
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THE LIBRARY OF AMERICAN LITERATURE
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1894.)
375
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THE FRANKLIN SERIES.
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cess.


376
[June 16, 1894.
THE DIAL
"Ay, four in buckram suits.” – Shakespeare, Henry IV., II. 4.
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