of an Old
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180
(March 1,
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STANDARD ENGLISH CLASSICS
HIS SERIES has been undertaken in the Tennyson's The Princess.
Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by ALBERT S. Cook, Professor
belief that teachers of English in second-
of the English Language and Literature in Yale University. Cloth,
187 pages, 40 cents.
ary schools desire the English classics offered
Carlyle's Essay on Burns.
to their pupils in a form that will not only Edited, with Notes, by CHARLES LANE Hanson, Teacher of English
fully meet the college requirements, but will at
in Durfee High School, Fall River, Mass. Boards, 84 pages, 30 cents.
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the same time have the flavor of real literature
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and Secondary Schools for reading and study,
Clinton, Conn.
and other classics suitable for light work in Sir Roger de Coverley Papers.
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competent scholars, with special reference to Coleridge's Ancient Mariner.
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FRENCH ESSAYISTS AND ROMANCERS.
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CHEERFUL YESTERDAYS.
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laine." 16mo, $1.25.
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principally in Touraine. The characters include the heroine,
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family, a very worldly curé, a young Englishman studying
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HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & COMPANY, BOSTON.


1898.]
131
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Catalogue of General Literature Free.
charm.”


132
[March 1,
THE DIAL
THE AMERICAN MONTHLY
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ZOLA AND THE ANTI-JEWISH CRUSADE.
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AN INTERVIEW by Valerian Gribayedoff.
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1898.]
133
THE DIAL
NEW
JEW BOOKS
PUBLISHED BY
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.
By JOHN EDWARD
FRANCE.
Just Ready.
COURTENAY BODLEY, M.A.
Cloth, demy 8vo, $4.00 net.
In two medium octavo volumes, Mr. Bodley aims to give a concise description of the country, its people and
institutions, rendering a service to the student similar to the invaluable aid rendered by “ Bryce's American
Commonwealth,” etc.
CONTENTS.-VOLUME I.: PREFACE – CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE - INTRODUCTION.
Book I. The Revolution and Modern France.
Book II. The Constitution and the Chief of the State.
VOLUME II.: Book III. The Parliamentary System.
Book IV. Political Parties.
Each volume contains an adequate index.
“Mr. Bodley's considerable work on France is a book of political philosophy, but one in which the philosophy
is so much disguised by the lightness produced by constant modern and personal illustration that it will be possible
for the general reader to digest its contents without knowing how much philosophy he has road. . . . The
method which has been pursued is, in short, to create a philosophical treatise upon modern France which, though
solid, shall not be dull, and may even be here and there as picturesque as a book of travel.” — The Athenæum.
OUTLINES OF SOCIOLOGY.
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Its aim is to give a clear idea of the science of Sociology in itself and in its relations to other sciences.
Stories from the Classic Literature of
Many Nations.
Edited by BERTHA PALMER. Cloth, 12mo. (Just Ready.)
A volume of such stories as have been considered the most
interesting through many generations in many nations.
The Study of Children and Their
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By Dr. FRANCIS WARNER, author of "The Growth and
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American Literature.
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lesley College, author of "The English Religious Drama,"
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Cloth, 16mo, $1.00.
New Novels either just ready or to be issued very shortly.
LOURDES.
PARIS. By M. ZOLA.
ROME.
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Studies of the different ways in which the most vital questions of life and religion are regarded by the blindly superstitious
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only through it can one realize the full force of its author's recent denunciation of official corruption.
The Celebrity.
The Pride of Jennico.
By WINSTON CHURCHILL.
Cloth, 12mo, $1.50.
BEING A MEMOIR OF CAPTAIN BASIL JENNICO.
Uncommonly bright, full of entertaining incidents, through By AGNES and EGERTON CASTLE. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50.
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Cloth, 12mo, $1.50.
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A glowing picture of West Indian life.
Turkish tales in an attractive setting.
Rapid, vigorous, full of the soldier's lifo.
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, No. 66 Fifth Avenue, New York.


134
[March 1, 1898.
THE DIAL
D. Appleton & Company's New Books
A VOYAGE OF CONSOLATION.
By Mrs. E. C. COTES (Sara Jeannette Duncan), author of " A
Social Departure," "" An American Girl in London," "
“His
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Mrs. Cotes returns to the field which she developed with such success
in "A Social Departure" and an "American Girl in London." Somo
characters which delighted thousands of readers reappear in this new
book, and their entertaining experiences on the Continent are set forth
with unfailing good spirits and an apt appreciation of the picturesque
and humorous features of European travel. The text is admirably sup-
plemented by vivacious illustrations.
OTHER BOOKS BY MRS. COTES.
HIS HONOUR, AND A LADY. Illus. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
THE STORY OF SONNY SAHIB. Illus. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
VERNON'S AUNT. Dlus. 12mo, cloth, $1.25.
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cloth, $1.50.
THE SIMPLE ADVENTURES OF A MEMSAHIB. Illus. 12mo, cloth,
$1.50.
THE BROOM OF THE WAR - GOD.
A Story of the Recent War between the Greeks and Turks.
By HENRY NOEL BRAILSFORD. 12mo, cloth, $1.25.
This remarkable picture of the actual conditions in the Greek army
during the recent war is drawn by a new author of exceptional promise
who served in the Foreign Legion. There are glimpses of Lamia,
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of the disorganized and leaderless assemblage which constituted the
Greek army, and his wonderfully graphic sketches of the conditions in
the ranks, the incompetence of officers, and the attitude of the King
and Crown Prince toward the war, shed a new light upon the disasters
of the campaign.
THE PSYCHOLOGIC FOUNDATIONS OF
EDUCATION.
An attempt to show the Genesis of the Higher Faculties of
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Commissioner of Education. Vol. XXXVII., International
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A book by the distinguished editor of the “International Education
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of psychologic and pedagogical literature.
H. R. H. THE PRINCE OF WALES.
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A PASSIONATE PILGRIM.
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ruption,” eto. No. 235, "Appletons' Town and Country
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POINTS IN MINOR TACTICS.
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ELLARD GORE, M.R.I.A. A new volume in the “Concise
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Ready Shortly.
THE DISASTER.
A Romance of the Franco-Prussian War. By Paul and
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Like Zola's La Débâcle, with which it naturally challenges compari-
ison, Le Désastre has for its theme the Franco-Prussian War. The
authors have the advantage of being well equipped for writing of army
scenes, being descendants of a line of soldiers; their father was the
cavalry general, Auguste Margueritte, who fell at the battle of Sedan;
and the youngest son, Victor, was himself an officer in the French
army, but recently abandoned the military career in order to associate
himself with his brother in literary work.
For sale by all Booksellers. Sent prepaid, on receipt of price, by the Publishers,
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THE BOOK AND THE CUSTOM-HOUSE
135
FRENCH GENIUS IN CRITICISM, Glen L. Swiggett 136
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SOCIAL PROGRESS IN ENGLAND. Arthur Burn-
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DISTRICT.
New York
$1,310,925 $1,110,476
Boston
134,356 97,388
Philadelphia
56,477 44,384
Chicago
64,502 33,912
St. Louis.
47,642 2,174
Baltimore
21,037 10,765
Providence
26,802
438
Vermont.
20,768 3,646
Cincinnati
12,977 2,916
New Haven.
15,128
567
Minneapolis
10,860 1,009
Total for eleven districts, $1,721,474 $1,307,675
Total for entire country, 1,806,476 1,373,230
It will be seen that nearly all of the printed
matter imported is entered in the eleven dis-
tricts above given, and the first noticeable fact
revealed by inspection of the figures is that very
few books pass through custom-houses west of
the Mississippi River. Less than five per cent
of the whole is specifically unaccounted for in
the above table, and of this five per cent about
one-fifth comes to California ports of entry.
These facts do not mean, of course, that few
books from abroad find their way into the trans-
Mississippi section of the country, but rather
that our foreign printed matter, which naturally
comes across the Atlantic, is mostly entered at
Eastern ports, and afterwards distributed by
importing booksellers and library agents. It
must also be remembered that the claim of New
York to three-fourths of the total importation
by no means indicates that all of these books
are intended for local consumption. Still, it is
only natural to expect that New York, Boston,
Philadelphia, and Chicago should be, in about
this order, the four chief ports of entry for
.
A POPULAR HISTORY OF MODERN SPAIN.
Charles H. Cooper
142
MODERN PHASES OF MIND-LORE. Joseph Jastrow 145
Scripture's The New Psychology.- Waldstein's The
Sub-conscious Self.-Podmore's Studies in Psychical
Research.-Ribot's The Psychology of the Emotions.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
149
The paval and foreign policy of the United States.-
A new method by Miss Repplier.- Miss Correlli as
seen in elegant extracts.-Two new books on Ameri-
can literature.- Mr. Gosse's short history of English
literature.- Celebrated law-trials in America.-Two
friends of Carlyle.—The Christian literature of three
centuries. -For students of Norwegian and Danish. -
A notable matron of the Revolution.-Friendly letters
of General Grant.- A Londoner in Cornwall. - The
Age of the Renascence.- Studies of State and Fed-
eral Constitutions.
BRIEFER MENTION .
153
ENGLISH CORRESPONDENCE. Temple Scott
154
LITERARY NOTES
155
.
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
156
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
. 156


186
[March 1,
THE DIAL
say one fif.
printed matter. Chicago gets more free books iteration for intelligent people, and they are
than Philadelphia, but the difference is more quite meaningless to “statesmen " of our fav-
than compensated for by the larger dutiable orite type. But the amazing folly of such a tax
importation of the latter city.
is something that it may be possible, by dint of
One is at once struck by the discrepancy persistent hammering, to drive into the heads
between the free and the dutiable importation of the politicians who are responsible for the
of several of the ports included in the list. St.
St. perpetuation of this form of barbarism. The
Louis, for example, with a ratio of twenty-four tax is supposed to be laid in the interests of
to one, New Haven with a ratio of nearly thirty protection, although it would be a topsy-turvy
to one, and Providence, with a ratio of over logic that could show any industry to be pro-
sixty to one, are the most noticeable instances. tected by such an import, but do its supporters
A moment's reflection, however, will explain realize that it creates in every scholar and lover
this anomaly, since the three cities named are of books an implacable enemy of the policy of
university and library centres, and without which it is so unwisely held to be a part, of
their free books for these institutions, would any policy, indeed, that could possibly be turned
sink into insignificance as book importing com to so perverse a purpose? A third of a million
munities. It is evident, also, that the exemp dollars is added to our revenue
tion from duty of all books purchased by pub tieth of the amount that might be added by a
lic libraries and educational institutions permits barely perceptible increase of the tax upon beer,
nearly sixty per cent of our importations to and for this an artificial barrier is built up
come in without paying tribute to the modern against the intercourse of thought, an obstacle
robber-barons of the custom-house. For this is set in the path of every seeker after culture,
relief much thanks; and yet, when we scan the proclamation is made to the civilized world
footings-up of the columns, it is clear that a that our country imposes a penalty upon learn-
still more important moral remains to be ing. We are well aware that there is no pros-
pointed.
pect for years to come of the abandonment of
For what do these figures signify, after all, this foolish and ignorant policy, but it can never
in their bearing upon our attitude as a nation be quite unseasonable to hold it up
to scorn, for
toward scholarship and enlightenment? Simply it is only by aiding in the slow growth of a more
this: that for a paltry addition of one-third of enlightened public opinion upon subjects which,
a million dollars to our revenue, we submit like this, do not appeal to the selfish interests
every scholar in the country to a petty exaction, of the masses, that it can ever become possible
if not to a great personal annoyance,
whenever for the cultured “remnant" to make an effec-
he needs for his work some book not "made in tive exercise of its beneficent influence upon
America." Not only do we levy this tax upon the stolid democracy of which it is a part.
consignments of books, but we even ransack the
personal luggage of the returning traveller,
and, pettier still, tear open the wrappings of
everything like a book that comes from abroad
FRENCH GENIUS IN CRITICISM.
by post, for fear that some poor teacher or stu-
Last
dent or man of letters should find it too easy
there came to our shores one whom I
year
to pursue his calling, or that the rising gener-
suppose we may call the foremost literary critic of
ation should be lured away from material pur-
France; and if that position is justly his, then we
have had the honor of entertaining the leading critic
suits by the too manifest delights of the schol of our day. In that statement I do not ignore
astic ideal. The notion that the paths of cul the literary excellence of the critiques of Mr. An-
ture should be smoothed rather than made drew Lang, Dr. Georg Brandes, or Mr. Edmund
rugged by public initiative has not yet pene Clarence Stedman. But these men are, to a cer-
trated into theconsciousness of the average legis- tain degree, exotic in that brilliant generalization
lator, and the tax upon knowledge still stands,
which characterizes and has always characterized the
and probably will stand for another generation,
French genius in criticism. In M. Ferdinand Brune-
tière, however, we have the traditions of his race at
as a complete refutation of the pretence that
work in genetic exegesis.
as a nation we care seriously for the interests
The modern science of criticism had its birth in
of culture.
France; and while there have been as many shades
We have no intention of repeating upon this to its critical taste as are to be found on the paint-
occasion the well-worn arguments against the er's board, yet through canons of taste logically
tax upon imported books. They need no derived, or through its wide-reaching influence, it


1898.)
137
THE DIAL
stands supreme in modern criticism. The French early as the middle of the sixteenth century, we
mind is de natura critical; the intellectuality of that stand not infrequently in the presence of such books as
country is preěminently systematic. Criticism, to “Receuil de l'Origine de la Langue et Poésie Fran-
have the permanency of art, must be synthetic; there çaise,” in which we have extracts and the glimmer
must be order, precision, lucidity; the mind must be of critical generalization which is so brilliant with
exact and mathematical. Whenever the motley them now. It was the same love of order and epi-
array of disorganized thought comes under the direc tome that caused the epigrammatic French to con-
tion of such a power, there must necessarily be the ceive the first newspaper in the modern sense of the
orderly march of ideas. This has been the living word, the “Gazette de France," which appeared at
force of the French mind in the progress of the the beginning of the seventeenth century under no
world. It has given a continuity to its own litera less a sponsor than Cardinal Richelieu, whose devo-
ture such as no other modern literature possesses ; tion to centralization is typical of all which that
and, further, it has crystallized and generalized, in idea stands for; it is the animus of the French Acad.
the modern development, the mass of data which the emy, where the validity of censorship in literature
roverie of the North and the metaphor of the South is vested in its constructed models; it is what makes
have placed at its door. I do not mean to say that practicable the sovereignty of kings, with their
the other modern literatures have not had critical motto of l’êtat, c'est moi incised on a background
periods in which to stop and think, and thus, with of fleur-de-lis; and, above all, it is the reason that,
the elimination of insignificant detail, to catch the despite the intellectuality of individual French Pro-
spirit of their drifting, and to prepare themselves testants, the creative period of the nation has been
anew for that utterance which is but the voice of under the influence of Holy Church, whose theme
their age. If we look at this closely, however, it and purpose is centralization and synthesis.
seems to me that we must certainly see that with the Coordination and the harmony of related parts
Teutonic race the periods of profitable criticism are is what the French mind has sought, and according
the exception. In the “Querelle des Anciens et des to which it has worked. There has always been sym-
Modernes,” which is nothing but the struggle of tem metry of the various faculties. Eclecticism, to the
peramental forces in literature and in life, we find all exclusion of one, has indeed, in this sweep of years,
sense of proportion and perspective lost to England occurred; but, from the “ Principes de littérature"
and to Germany. Lessing stands a monument to the of Charles Batteux, which were derived from the
refutation of that statement; and if a man were not study of Aristotle, and, in connection with Winckel-
known by the company he keeps, I should be mann's “Geschichte der Kunst des Alterthums,'
inclined to include Addison. It may be thought may have influenced Lessing's “Laokoon," to Vic-
strange that Pope is not included here ; but to me tor Cousin's “Le Vrai, le Beau, et le Bien,” there
it seems that in his attempt to lie on the bed that are but sporadic suggestions of it.
Boileau laid for him he is another example of This explains to us why those most picturesque
spirit out of his time too shallow or too expedient historical summaries of the French have treated of
to serve as true critic.
revolutions at times of storm and stress; why the
The critics of America, England, or the continent, historical genius has sought mediæval themes at
who hold to-day the ear of the people, are those that times of Romantic unrest; why, during periods of
have drank deep and copious draughts at the in classical reaction, it has sought its inspiration in
spired fount of French criticism : Matthew Arnold, sunny Greece. In explanation of this I am tempted
Mr. George Saintsbury, Mr. Edmund Gosse; Dr. to cite the revolutionary themes of Thiers, of
Georg Brandes, whose “Hauptströmungen in der Tocqueville, of Mignet, of Michelet, of Edgar
Litteratur des XIX. Jahrhunderts” has been epoch- Quinet; but I refrain, through length of titles, from
making throughout Germany and Scandinavia. doing so. Suffice it to say that the revolutions of
The claim for the superiority of French criticism England, America, France, Greece, and Italy have
does not ex necessitate speak for the intellectual received at least fair treatment in their hands.
superiority of the race,- quite the contrary. The Victor Duray's classical histories, which are now 80
abandon of untold riches which characterizes the popular throughout Europe and America, were made
Teutonic race may be preferred to the orderly possible through the quiescent Romantic fervor,
arrangement of limited wares; our sympathy may which, just preceding it, had seen the advent of his-
be with the Goth, but we cannot refuse our admi tories of the Crusades and of the Middle Ages.
ration to the classic poise and hauteur of the effete The philosophy and science of France have been
Latin, with his blood tingling with the despair of the no exception to this agreement. Momentary aber-
Vandal and the impetuous ardor of the Celt. It is rations in philosophy, such as the Port Royal letters
merely the question of creation or exegesis : Jesus of Pascal, which were directed against the Jansen-
Christ will always stand for more than Strauss or ists, with proper perspective, receive proper value.
Renan.
And its science may yet have to declare, au fond de
As said above, it is the love of synthesis, of ses creusets, as M. Paul Adam says, the discovery of
orderly review, that is characteristic of French life the divine principle in art, “music, painting, and
in letters. I know of no nation that is so fond of poetry, as the triple reflection of one central light.”
recapitulation and of inventory of stock in trade. As
GLEN L. SWIGGETT.


138
[March 1,
THE DIAL
includes articles on High Jumping (Mr. Regi-
The New Books.
nald Williams), Hurdling (Mr. C. L. Lock-
ton), Long Jumping (C. B. Fry), Pole Vault-
A COMPLETE ENCYCLOPÆDIA OF SPORT.* ing (Reginald Williams), Walking (Fred
Sportsmen, of whatever class or predilection,
Cotton), Weight Putting (G. S. Robertson),
and so on. The less important and unsigned
can scarcely complain that their interests have
articles have been submitted to expert revisal,
been neglected of late years by book publishers.
The literature of sport has grown apace; and
and the glossaries under each subject should be
especially helpful to the inquiring tyro. The
we are now called upon to chronicle the
appear-
scope of the work is wide, and intelligent sports-
ance of what may be regarded as the outcome
of the first serious effort to produce an ade-
men will welcome the inclusion of special arti-
cles full of practical hints and suggestions on
quate Encyclopædia of Sport. When com-
pleted, the work will stand without a rival in
such germane and important topics as First
its peculiar field. It at once supplants its only
Aid, Taxidermy, and Veterinary Work.
considerable predecessor, Blaine's “Encyclo-
Natural history (mainly, of course, from the
pædia of Rural Sports,” which first appeared sportsman's point of view) has not been neg-
in 1840, and which ran through many editions lected, and American readers will be glad to
note that Mr. Theodore Roosevelt is a leading
between that date and 1870. Blaine's book
contributor in this department. The important
was a good one in its day, but its day is past. articles on Cycling (Mr. H. Graves and the
Certain favorite sports — football and cricket,
for instance - have been fairly revolutionized
Countess of Malmesbury) and Golf (Mr. Gar-
since Blaine wrote; while some others now in
den H. Smith) occupy thirty pages and eigh-
vogue have been introduced or popularized
teen pages respectively. The former article is
since his time. With the classic work of the perhaps open to the criticism from the Ameri-
can point of view that it is addressed too exclu-
scholarly Strutt, whose “Sports and Pastimes
of the People of England” mirrors a not unim sively to English readers. A half-dozen or so
portant phase of the history of the Anglo-Saxon pages on American “wheels” and “wheeling”
would, we think, be a decided improvement in
race, the one now before us hardly enters into
competition. Strutt’s book is valuable mainly tion in this country. We may add in this con-
a work manifestly intended largely for circula-
as a mine of antiquarian lore, and has little
nection that elsewhere in the volume a desire on
pretension to encyclopædic scope or fulness.
Between the present work and its two prede of American sportsmen is apparent. American
the part of the editor to meet the special needs
cessors there is another important point of dif-
ference. Strutt, and in the main Blaine, worked angling and hunting are not neglected ; a table
of Best American Amateur Records is given
single-handed; while the volume we are now
under the head of Athletics ; there is a well-
considering is the result of expert collaboration.
The editor, the Earl of Suffolk and Berkshire,
written generally descriptive article on Base-
ball; Mr. J. Turner Turner writes on Ameri-
states that, in answer to his appeal for special
articles, leading authorities on every branch
can Camping Out; and Mr. Caspar Whitney
discusses American Football in his usual thor-
of sport have placed their services at his dis-
posal. Glancing over the table of contents one
ough and readable way. We hope to find in
finds that the articles, for instance, on Angling, American Rowing and Yachting; and we ven-
the forthcoming volume adequate papers on
Archery, Boxing, Fencing, Lacrosse, Broad-
sword, and Canoeing, are from the pens of
ture to suggest that for the treatment of the
Messrs. John Bickerdyke and William Senior, than that veteran oarsman and loyal Yale
former topic no better man could be selected
Col. W. Walrond, Messrs. B.J. Angle, Camille coach, Mr. Robert J. Cook. Such an article by
Prevost, E. T. Sachs, A. Hutton, and W.
Mr. Cook might well be supplemented by a
Baden-Powell, respectively. Under generic and
comprehensive titles, such as Hunting, Big the famous Oxford and “ Leander ” coach and
few pages from the pen of Mr. R. C. Lehmann,
Game, Camping Out, are groups of specific beau-ideal of the English “gentleman ama-
papers, each the work of a specially qualified teur.” Even the warmest adherents of the
writer. The heading Athletics, for example, Cornelian or the Light Blue must feel a lurk-
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SPORT. Edited by the Earl of ing sympathy with Mr. Lehmann in his present
Suffolk and Berkshire, Hedley Peek, and F. G. Aflalo. Vol-
ame I., A-Leo. Illustrated in photogravure, etc. New York:
chivalrous undertaking at Cambridge. A brief
résumé by Mr. Lehmann of his impressions of
G. P. Putnam's Sons.


1898.]
139
THE DIAL
American rowing and rowing men should prove slighting a very important subject. As thirty-
a welcome and instructive addition to the pres seven pages are given to Cricket, twenty-three
ent work.
to Football, twenty-five to Cycling, and twenty-
Thus far the various articles seem to be as a three to Angling, we should say that fifteen
rule reasonably full and explicit, when we con pages to Gymnastics would have been some-
sider the necessity the editor and publishers thing like a proper allotment. Mr. Alexander
are under of attaining a due degree of compre- is usually accurate, so far as he goes; but in one
hensiveness of range and treatment without instance we think he has made a strikingly
expanding the work to an unconscionable num. erroneous statement. In comparing the Swed-
ber of volumes. The term "sport" is a very ish gymnastics with the Finnish, he animad-
elastic one, and it would not be at all difficult | verts upon the “jerky" style of the former
to swell a sporting encyclopædia to the formid-school. Now if our conception of the theory of
able dimensions of a Dictionary of National the excellent system of Freiuebungen known
Biography. No man is more enthusiastic, and as the Swedish Movements be measurably cor-
on occasion more fondly loquacious in praise of rect, “ jerkiness” is about the last quality to be
his particular hobby, than the genuine sports- predicated of them. “Don't jerk!” “Don't
man. Your golfer or “wheelman,” for instance move too fast!” — is the constantly repeated
(as so many know to their cost), will go on cheer- injunction of every teacher of the Swedish exer-
fully for hours together on their respective pet cises who has mastered even the alphabet of
topics when once the tide of their eloquence is
the system.
fairly set flowing; and we have no doubt that The plan of publication of this work, in parts,
the Earl of Suffolk and Berkshire has found has been adopted, the editor says, in the “ con-
his volunteer contributors very much less diffi- fident expectation that those who buy the ear-
cult to secure than to restrain. In one import- lier numbers will never rest satisfied without
ant respect, of course, the volume gains by the the complete series.” The initial volume cer-
manifest zeal of the writers and their personal tainly goes far to warrant this belief. Mechan-
interest in their several themes. It is unusu ically it is one of the handsomest productions
ally readable throughout, for an encyclopædia; of the kind we have ever had the pleasure of
and the perfunctory note of the mere hack handling. The illustrations, comprising twenty
writer is seldom manifest.
full-page photogravures and a great number of
On the score of insufficient and superficial vignettes, serve well the dual purpose of adorn-
treatment of an important topic, we have but ment and instruction. It is a really sumptuous
one special complaint to enter. Mr. A. Alex- work, possessing uses and attractions that
ander's article on Gymnastics seems to us sur sportsmen and lovers of fine books generally
prisingly brief and meagre in view of the will find hard to resist.
general thoroughness of the volume. In the
entirely inadequate space of two pages and a
half he briefly defines his general term, and
then proceeds to string together some sixteen
THE NEW ENGLAND PRIMER.*
necessarily indefinite paragraphs on Greek,
Mr. Ford does not succeed in impressing
Swedish, German, Danish, Russian, Spanish, his weight as an authority upon his history of
American, English, and Finn gymnastics, and
“ The New England Primer," in spite of a
the Educational, Recreative, Acrobatic, and
formidable array
of facts and evidences of con-
Medical systems. We may note in passing, by siderable study. Both seem to be of too recent
way of showing the disproportionateness of Mr. acquisition for thorough assimilation, while the
Alexander's essay, that the writer on Croquet writer himself is not in sufficient sympathy with
has devoted five pages to that simple and mori-
his subject. Yet there is no doubt of his con-
bund game ; while even that mild form of the scientiousness, and this, with the part played by
chase, Butterfly and Moth Catching, comes in
the little book in the formation of our national
for over a page and a half of animated descrip- character, makes the work one of much interest
tion, at the hands of the same authority. So
and considerable importance.
we think Mr. Alexander may justly be charged
• The New England Primer,” this treatise
either with injudiciously attempting to cover
discloses, was the combined reading book and
too much ground in the scanty space allotted to
*THE NEW ENGLAND PRIMER: A History of Its Origin
him, or else, if in the matter of
space
he
and Development. Edited by Paul Leicester Ford. New
left to his own discretion, with underrating and York: Dodd, Mead & Co.
E. G. J.
was
.


140
[March 1,
THE DIAL
verses as
I
religious manual placed in the hands of
every
“ The Protestant Tutor" before his flight, and
young
American in the North from the time of Mr. Ford also gives him the distinction of
its first publication, about the year 1690, until bringing out the first American newspaper -
its practical supersession a hundred and fifty called “Public Occurrences," and suppressed
years later. During this time, Mr. Ford esti- by proclamation almost before it was made
mates, not less than three millions of copies public. The first edition of “The New En-
were printed for use in America alone, at the gland Primer" was printed for Harris; it bears
rate of twenty thousand a year. Every copy strong resemblance to the other work from his
contained an Abecedarium, a Syllabarium, and hand; he was such a writer and rhymester as
an illustrated Alphabet containing such familiar would be likely to deliver himself of the con.
tents of the two books; and there seems to be
Young Obadias,
Zacheus he
no reason for disputing his authorship of the
David, Josias,
Did climb the Tree latter.
All were Pious.
His Lord to see.
The Primer filled a want in the life of New
These were followed by the “ Exhortation unto England. The Puritan, as Mr. Ford points
His Children,” attributed to John Rogers, to out, sought book-learning chiefly for the sake
be referred to later in this article; a Cate of reading The Book — “ the single book," as
chism; and, sometimes, the Lord's Prayer, the Lowell says, “with whose language he is inti-
Apostles' Creed, and the Ten Commandments. mate.” To this end, the mingling of spelling,
The most notable original contribution of the reading, and dogmatic theology in the Primer
Primer to literature is found for the first time contributed in the safest and most practical way.
in a London edition dated 1781, given anony. Its popularity was both immediate and endur-
mously and without punctuation, as follows: ing, as has been shown. But the editor here
Now I lay me down to sleep
misses a golden opportunity, in not giving some
I
pray the Lord my soul to keep
notion of the geographical extent of its influ-
If I should die before I wake
ence. He mentions, casually enough, that it
pray
the Lord
my
soul to take
made its way into parts of New York and
which, having been included in all subsequent Pennsylvania. Whether the Primer penetrated
reprints, came to assume something of the into the other colonies, and what, if any, influ-
importance of the Lord's Prayer itself. ence it had there, is not set forth, nor is there
The word primer is derived by Professor anything to show that any investigation was
Skeat from Prime, the first of the canonical made in that behalf.
made in that behalf. Still, its circulation was
hours, by the addition of the English suffix er. so great that it is a matter for surprise that
A book of hours would naturally take its name not more than forty examples of all the impres-
from the first of them, and Mr. Ford himself sions made during the seventeenth and eigh-
shows that in 1490 “A larger book of Catho-teenth centuries have come down to us. All
licism (sic) was the well-known • Book of that are known to be extant are described in
Hours '; which, translated from the Latin text this book, and their prices, running into the hun-
into English, was called • The Prymer of Salis- dreds of dollars, given in detail. There seems
bury Use.
?” His surmise concerning the word, to be no possible reason for not mentioning the
set forth thus, “The authorized primers were price they commanded at the time of their pub-
not school books being rather primary – hence lication as well. Mr. Ford attributes the
primer'- manuals of church service,” is an scarcity of these early examples to the natural
unfortunate and unnecessary guess. Etymology destructiveness of childhood and “the slight
aside, Henry VIII. is found authorizing the value set by adults on children's books of their
publication of these little books both for and own time.” A more potent factor would be
against the Church of Rome, and they were their “slight value” in the most literal senses
afterward condemned by the Council of Trent. - their exceeding cheapness, commonness, and
Until the flight of James II., the English mon Aimsiness ; for New England thrift can be de-
archs successively published their own and for- pended upon to prevent the destruction of any-
bade the use of their predecessors' primers. thing costly, now as then.
About the year 1686, one Benjamin Harris, Mr. Ford's errors of detail are many, and
having embroiled himself with the British gov- most conspicuous on the side of religious terms.
ernment by printing some ultra Protestant On one hand, he is addicted to the use of the
pamphlets, came to Massachusetts. He it was offensive word “Romish"; on the other, he
who had published, according to one authority, I insists not only upon confounding Puritans and
.


1898.]
141
THE DIAL
Separatists, but upon treating the terms as not witnesses of his execution, and settles the
absolutely synonymous. Then, though the number of the progeny by a further quotation
Puritans of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay from the martyrologist wherein the children
were unquestionably members of the Church of are said to be “ eleven in number, ten able to
England, he goes on to style them “the dis- go, and one sucking at the breast,” reconciling
senters of America,” a most astonishing de this with Rogers's own testimony that he had
scription of men who held to a church estaba ten children by showing that the eleventh came
lished by law, and persecuted all who did not into the world unknown to him after he had
come within it. By way of completing the been shut up tight in jail.
cycle, the Church of England is styled “ Epis The feature of chief interest in the work,
copalian,” even in ante Revolutionary times. particularly for those who have seen but do not
A more excusable blunder makes George II. possess the original Primer, is the faithful
father to George III., instead of grandfather. reproduction of its rude typography, paper, and
But the commentator goes wrong again in woodcuts,— the latter so extremely crude that
speaking of the familiar and highly orthodox in some cases the picture of a king, used as a
couplet,
frontispiece to the Primer, was not only made
Whales in the sea
to serve for his successor, but, the Revolution
God's voice obey,
intervening, a portrait of George III. actually
as containing a “somewhat difficult rhyme.” did duty for John Hancock! And as a proof
If knowledge of scores of similar rhymes in of the innocency of our forefathers, the cut of
statement is authoritative: that sea and obey Devil's picture-book” – was used as an illus-
were perfect rhymes until “ the middle of the tration in one edition of the Primer without
18th cent.," and, as a matter of course, until a rebuke, and presumably without intention.
later day in the colonies. The division, in the Mechanically, the work of Mr. Ford's volume
Syllabarium and elsewhere, of words like “be- is admirably done throughout.
ne-fi-ci-al” and “temp-ta-ti-on," should have
WALLACE DE GROOT RICE.
shown the writer that he was dealing with the
pronunciation of another day than his own.
There is no good reason, at the present day,
SOCIAL PROGRESS IN ENGLAND.*
for wasting sympathy over the Paritan babes
who had to learn by rote the tremendous doc The concluding volume of Mr. H. D. Traill's
trines and uncouth doggerel of the Primer; but “ History of Social Life in England” is cast
it is a serious matter, nevertheless, and Mr. upon exactly the same lines as the earlier ones,
Ford's continued sprightliness of manner jars and possesses the same excellences as well as
from page to page. Most unfortunate is the many of the defects which they revealed. The
collection of ancient doctrinal jests on pages comments already made in THE DIAL † are
52 and 53, used as a climax to the “ Introduc- therefore applicable to it; — the various essays
tion” and quite unworthy the dignity of both differ widely in originality and style, and there
book and writer.
is a certain amount of repetition as a result of
It is a pleasure to turn to Mr. Ford's better treating each department of social life in sever-
manner, as an example of which his treatment alty: some of the writers have burdened their
of the fables clustering around John Rogers, pages too heavily with bare statements of fact,
first of the Marian martyrs, may be cited. The instead of giving the vital conclusions which
“Exhortation unto His Children" of the Primer they had drawn from scientific study, while
is prefaced by the time-honored statement that other writers have omitted the facts necessary
“His wife, with nine small children, and one at to sustain their propositions properly ; some-
her Breast, follow'd him to the Stake,” the times a tone of authority pervades an essay,
ambiguity of which phrase gave rise to a con-
* A HISTORY OF SOCIAL LIFE IN ENGLAND. A Record of
troversy, some centuries in duration, over the the Progress of the People in Religion, Laws, Learning, Arts,
number of the offspring, some engravers group-
Industry, Commerce, Science, Literature, and Manners, from
the Earliest Times to the Present Day. By various Writers.
ing nine and some ten children about their
Edited by H. D. Traill, D.C.L. Volume VI., From the Bat-
devoted mother. Mr. Ford shows that the tle of Waterloo to the General Election of 1885. New York:
G. P. Putnam's Sons.
+ See The DIAL, Vol. xvii., No. 205, pp. 15-17; vol. xix.,
Robert Smith, another martyr; he quotes Foxe No. 220, pp. 87–88 ; vol. xx., No. 235, pp. 203-205 ; vol. xxii.,
to prove that Rogers's wife and children were No. 263, pp. 329-331.
Terpes were not written by Rogers at all, but by :


142
[March 1,
THE DIAL
;
causes.
and in other instances the subject-matter is left enumerated some of the “ many social and eco-
in a clearly incomplete condition ; there are nomic as well as inventive" forces which resulted
even contradictory statements made by the in the development of the textile industries
writers of different essays. Yet the work is (page 69), and have explained why the indus-
excellently well done in the main ; even better trial revolution was most marked in these in.
than in the earlier volumes — with the possible dustries, as well as why it antedated all others
exception of the articles on Agriculture by Mr. by nearly a generation. Professor Symes
Bear, and three out of four of Miss Bateson's should have told us why it was that “as lately
essays on Manners and Customs.
as 1796 England adopted a system which, in
The real social life of England - the condi- less than forty years, reduced almost all agri-
tion of the vast mass of the population and the cultural laborers to a position of pauperism
progress of democracy — is as sparingly treated (p. 219), why “ the Poor Law authorities of
in this as in the other volumes ; and this be London began carting off waggon-loads of pau-
comes a more serious defect in the volume per children to Lancashire," and why these
which deals with recent times. There is lack and other children were swept into factories
ing, indeed, that unity of purpose which alone when they could hardly walk” (p. 217). Dr.
is consistent with the diversity of plan involved Colville states (p. 243) that before the close
in a work of such composite character as this of 1833 Scotland secured her Municipal Cor-
one. There is needed, first, a clear statement porations Bill, in advance of England; but
of the facts which will show in a tangible man some one of the contributors to this history of
ner the way in which present conditions and England in the nineteenth century might prop-
institutions differ from those of an earlier pe- erly have given more than half a dozen lines to
riod ; and second, an explanation of the reasons the problems of city life and administration,
why certain results have followed particular and to their influence on civilization.
Such is the plan which alone will These instances are taken at random, but
justify the rewriting of history, and such a plan they will serve to show the class bias and the
is wanting in the present volume as a whole. political affiliations of the writers in Mr.
It is followed out, however, by Professor Mon- Traill's company. In his excellent history of
tague in an essay
which is
a gem
of its kind — law to which reference has been made, Pro-
on the History of Law. Miss Bateson's ac fessor Montague not only sets an example to
count of educational progress in the present his colaborers, but he imposes on them a duty
century is also planned on the same lines. which they entirely fail to perform. He em-
The central feature of the nineteenth cen phasizes the fact that the nineteenth century is
tury, beyond all question, is the material prog a period of direct legislation, and that a great
ress, particularly of England and America, and part of our modern statutes has been concerned
in a less degree of the world in general. The with what it is convenient to call public law;
present volume of “ Social England” should and he goes on to consider those enactments
therefore have given this fact its due promi- which have altered the constitution of the courts
nence; and the various articles written each by of justice and the forms of procedure, have
an eminent specialist, - on trade and agricul-
on trade and agricul transformed ancient courts, multiplied new
ture, art and architecture, language and liter- ones, amended rules of procedure, and more
ature, public health, morals, manners, the de than once revised the whole administration of
velopment of jurisprudence, the church, the justice. He states,— what everyone knows,-
army, the navy, science, education, religion, that old departments of administration have
and so forth, — should have shown the relation been reorganized, new departments established,
of industrial forces to the other departments of and the entire system of local
government been
social life. In a word, all the contributors to recast; but he adds, almost facetiously (p.
this volume should have had clearly in mind a 470), that enactments relating to subjects of
definite theory of social progress, and it should this class, “such as the New Poor Law, the
have been their purpose to explain the action Municipal Corporations Acts, the Public
and reaction between the different elements of Health Acts, and so forth, are touched upon in
our civilization. In this way their efforts would other chapters of the present volume.”
have directly contributed to the solution of the Certainly no movement has been more vital
social problems of the day and to the establish to the social life of the people of England in
ment of real democracy, both in England and this century than that for the reduction of the
his country. Mr. Riddell should have at least hours of labor; but the subject is barely
-


1898.]
143
THE DIAL
“ touched upon ” in a paragraph of a dozen right and wrong and our ideals of life and con-
lines (p. 423). The Christian Socialists are duct must be elevated to a far higher level. It
dismissed with even less, and Henry Hunt is is not necessary to mortify the flesh, and clothe
not even mentioned. The Chartist movement the body in sackcloth and ashes, because lux.
fares a bit better, receiving nearly two pages ; urious living tempts a few to abuse the bless-
but its nominal leader is spoken of as an empty ings of wealth ; the higher intellectual tastes
braggart (p. 115), and a typical demagogue of and æsthetic pleasures should be developed.
great physical prowess and considerable ora The use of wealth in beautifying the home,
torical gifts (p. 224). This hardly indicates surrounding it with flowers, filling it with books
a critical examination of the relation between which inspire, and making it a joy to the pass-
cause and effect in social life, or a scientific ing wayfarer as well as to the welcome guest ;
explanation of the social progress England has the use of wealth in cleaning the streets, ex-
been making in this century. Indeed, there is tending the parks, erecting pleasant school
but little in the body of the work to justify the buildings, and making the city an attractive as
titles to two of the chapters at least, — “The
“The well as a safe abiding place,—these, and others
Rule of the Middle Class” (1846-1865), and like them, are the conditions of progress
in the
“The Succession of Democracy” (1865–1885). | twentieth century.
Why the population of England has trebled
ARTHUR BURNHAM WOODFORD.
during the century, while that of France has
remained stationary ; what has been the actual
increase in national wealth, and how this enor-
mous increase in the supply of the comforts of
THE STUDY OF RACES.*
life has been distributed; why some other dis The second volume of Ratzel's important
tribution has not occurred, or could now be
work on “ The History of Mankind” (the first
brought about ; what were the peculiar features volume of which was noticed in THE DIAL for
of middle-class government, and why they were
August 16, 1897) treats of the Americans, the
not permanent, but were succeeded by demo-
Arctic Races of the Old World, and the peo-
cratic “ influences and tendencies ”; how we ples of Africa. The discussion of the American
are to secure the blessings of democracy and at populations has for us, naturally, the chief
the same time avoid its dangerous tyrannies ; | interest. The author appears to admit the
what relation there is and should be between
unity of the American peoples, but suggests
the church and the army, and how far physical that this unity “may be based either on com-
conflict hinders moral elevation ; what are the munity of descent or on long isolation and con-
limits of public and national education as a
sequent assimilation.” It is not easy to deter-
socializing force and a power for uplifting man-
mine to which of the two explanations Mr.
kind ; what are the present benefits of muni-
Ratzel inclines. Personally, we feel that any
cipal ownership, and what the necessary limits
discussion which emphasizes unity, either in
of state activity in industrial enterprises ; -
type or origin, is faulty. Does not every ad-
these and similar subjects are the ones on which
vance in the study of the physical anthropology
a reader will seek for guidance in the succes of our native tribes show diversity of American
sive volumes of “Social England," and more
types ? Not two types, which, as Ratzel says,
particularly in the closing volume of the series.
“ found support mainly from Topinard and
There is one all-important social truth which Quatrefages,” but more than two original types,
the disjointed character of this work helps to
are to be investigated.
enforce, namely, that there must be a certain
It is inherent in the character of a work like
correlation of parts in all social progress : our this that the material must be condensed. A
morals must match our money matters, or both single paragraph must contain matter that
will go wrong. Slavery, and even serfdom, are
might easily be expanded into pages. Partly
quite incompatible with large factories; they
as a result of this condensation, but also partly
cannot exist side by side. Poverty and democ- through the fault of the writer or translator, the
racy are equally strangers : if we would have
statements are frequently obscure or badly
the one we must abolish the other. If we would
framed. Thus, in connection with Abipone
preserve to mankind the blessings of great marriages, we are told: “The ceremony is often
wealth which the material progress of the nine-
*THE HISTORY OF MANKIND. By Freidrich Ratzel.
teenth century has placed at our disposal, not
Translated from the German by A. J. Butler. Volume II.
only our laws of property but our notions of With Illustrations. New York: The Macmillan Co.
:


144
[March 1,
THE DIAL
very simple, but even so are held perfectly foremost statesmen and monarchs and generals,
binding, especially the silent exchange of pres- the present endeavor is to be pronounced suc-
ents." What are we to make of such a sentence? cessful. The specialist will find many points
It is, however, a fair example of the frequently where from his knowledge of underlying forces
faulty style. Without, however, criticising he can criticize both the form and the substance
small points of detail, we may say that the dis- of the statements made. Both the books give
cussion of Americans is as good as so condensed mainly pictures of the court life of the several
a statement can be expected to be.
countries, descriptions of the personal charac-
Ratzel's description of African populations is ter
teristics of kings and ministers and leaders of
probably the most important in our language. revolution, and accounts of the superficial
The light-skinned and low-statured peoples of aspects of the changes of government of which
Central and South Africa are first considered the century has seen so many; and for work of
Bushmen, Hottentots, Dwarf Races. Then this sort the writer is well equipped by personal
come the Negro races of South and East Africa. observation, wide reading, and a pleasant style.
The discussion is not easy reading. The move The many who only care for, or will take the
ments of the herding and agricultural pop- trouble to acquire, this degree and this kind of
ulations have been numerous and confusing. acquaintance with the affairs of the century,
Cultures have been modified in a thousand will find these books easy reading; while, it is
ways. Tribes subdued to-day may be conquerors to be hoped, some will be led on by them to the
to-morrow. Names have changed and strange sources of a deeper and truer knowledge of the
mimicries and masqueradings have been in wonderful developments of the century.
dulged in. To disentangle the confused skein The volumes of the series vary in value, —
has been a difficult task, but one, on the whole, that on the opening of Africa, and the present
well done by our author.
volume on Spain, being the most useful, because
To the student who is not a specialist in they furnish what cannot be easily got together
African ethnography, this book will be of great from other works. The volume on Spain is
importance for reference. The illustrations are especially timely, as it gives that insight into
especially to be commended. They not only Spanish character and history which is necessary
handsomely adorn the work, but are of high to the very beginning of an appreciation of the
value for study. There is probably no other Cuban question.
Cuban question. Spanish history during the
popular work which contains so many fine illus- last hundred years can hardly be called inter-
trations of race types and ethnographic objects. esting to any but the student of social and pol-
The third volume will complete the work.
itical forces. It is a tangled maze of tyranny,
FREDERICK STARR.
intrigue, and revolution. Spain, until very
recently, has been back in mediævalism; and
so far as the average Spaniard's thought and
belief go, one cannot say that the country has
A POPULAR HISTORY OF MODERN SPAIN.* yet emerged very far from that condition. This
is illustrated many times in the present work.
The six volumes on the movements and bis- Spanish pride and ignorance and superstition
torical characters of the nineteenth century, and bloodthirstiness have combined to prevent
which Mrs. Latimer has sent forth within the economic progress and to make a real popular
last few years, form a series of considerable
government impossible. These same qualities
interest, and, on the whole, of permanent value. have caused the loss of Spain's other American
Judging them by the purpose of the author as possessions, and the ruin of Cuba. Yet Spanish
expressed in the several prefaces, and in the pride will sacrifice without limit, rather than give
light of her modest disclaimer of either ability up this last token of past imperial greatness.
or desire to go below the surface and discuss The sketches given in this work are of such
the deeper forces that have brought about the interesting characters as Godoy the Prince of
movements she describes or the profound pro the Peace, Joseph Bonaparte, King Ferdinand,
blems suggested, as well as by the needs of the Queens Christina and Isabella, Don Carlos, and
“ general reader” whose ignorance of contem- General Riego; they are vivid, and group
the
porary European history is hardly relieved by tangled facts about these persons in such a way
his knowledge of the names of a few of the that the story is not hard to follow. Many
SPAIN IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. By Elizabeth
excellent portraits adorn the volume.
Wormeley Latimer. Chicago : A. C. McClurg & Co.
CHARLES H. COOPER.


1898.]
145
THE DIAL
scientific character of method and research indis-
MODERN PHASES OF MIND-LORE.*
pensable to true progress; it emphasizes the tech-
The most modern of the distinctively modern nical character of the training and attainments
group of volumes before us is an exposition of “The necessary to qualify one to follow this pursuit; it in
New Psychology,” by Professor Scripture of Yale no way encourages a dillettante interest in and ap-
University. The newness of things is, or soon comes plication of undigested material; it shows clearly
to be, a relative matter: New College at Oxford is what psychology is not. In all these ways, as well
many centuries old, and the Pont Neuf is by no for its intrinsic merits, the book is both notable and
means the most recent of Parisian bridges. How-
useful.
ever defective as a description, the term “ New Psy The volume is divided into five parts: the first
chology” is at least distinctive, and prepares the gives an account of the methods of psychology, and
reader for finding within these covers something
describes the importance of observation and experi-
very different from the traditional matter or treat ment, of measurement and statistics, in the investi-
ment of the “Psychologies.” In the present instance, gation of mental processes.
gation of mental processes. This portion of the
moreover, we have presented not only a survey of work brings to the foreground the close kinship
recent investigations, and an account of the methods between the methods of psychology and those of
and equipment of the modern experimental psy other sciences, the importance of quantitative deter-
chologist, but we have these presented from a novel minations, the necessity for watchfulness in detect-
point of view. There are other more or less recent ing and overcoming sources of error; in brief, it
treatises covering a similar ground, and equally shows that a sound logic of method and design is
imbued with the spirit of exact science and with the as essential to psychology as to any other science.
discipline of the laboratory ; but never before has The last portion of the book is devoted to an his-
this domain been described from so thoroughly and
torical retrospect of the origins and growth of the
consistently an objective standpoint. The volume new tendencies in psychology, and to an account of
may be characterized as an objective" psychology: the general outlook and the present provisions for
the mental processes and activities are viewed the advancement of psychological knowledge. In
wholly from without, not from within. The result this prospect a very creditable position falls to the
ing treatment is much like that of a text-book on share of cis-Atlantic psychologists. The three inter-
physics ; the physiological side is nearly as little mediate portions make up the body of the work;
represented as the introspective, and the genetic and their titles are Time, Energy, Space, titles
comparative aspects of the subject — and these, too, hardly suggestive of psychological activities. As,
are certainly new -find little mention. The attempt however, our reactions to the material world in
to present such an original and objective study of which our bodies move and our minds live necessa-
the facts of mental science, whether successful or rily appear as responses to the various forms of
not, is in itself a notable event. However much physical energy, which are again essentially deter-
future contributors to this field may differ from mined by temporal and special conditions, it cer-
Professor Scripture in conclusion and in point of tainly becomes possible to prepare under these
view, in perspective or in design, they are certain to rubrics a systematic account of the nature, limita-
be guided and stimulated by his pioneer effort. The tions, elaborations, interpretations, and applications
importance of the volume is increased by reason of
of such responses.
For time relations we begin
the necessity for removing the prevalent false with the fundamental fact that all activities, mental
impression of the interests and purposes of the mod as well as others, require time. The times needed
ern psychologists. Much as we may deplore the for the initiation and development of a sensation;
fact, it is none the less true that the appreciation of for the innervation and execution of an act of will ;
the services of the modern psychologist suffers from for interpreting the nature of a stimulus, its dis-
a confused notion of his work. It cannot be said tinction from others, its symbolic or artificial signi-
too emphatically that he is not a dealer in the oc ficance; for recalling familiar bits of knowledge,
cult, nor an expositor of personal peculiarities, nor or making simple inferences — are all determined
a physiologist in rather poor disguise, nor an ansci with as much exactness as the nature of the pro-
entific controversialist and theorizer. “ The New cesses will permit. Our own estimates of the pass-
Psychology” will do much to counteract this con ing of time; our sense of rhythm; the waning of
ception; it will do this because it exhibits the rigidly memory-images as time goes on; the flow of ideas
in temporal succession, these form additional
*THE NEW PSYCHOLOGY. By E. W. Scripture, Ph.D.
(Leipzig). “Contemporary Science Series," XXXIII. Lon-
chapters which may be grouped about the time"
don: Walter Scott. (Imported by Charles Scribner's Sons.)
rubric.
THE SUB-CONSCIOUS SELF, and its Relation to Education
The methods by which we acquire a knowledge
and Health. By Louis Waldstein, M.D. New York: Charles of space are similarly treated. The natural divis.
Scribner's Sons.
ion is here followed, taking up in turn the space
STUDIES IN PSYCHICAL RESEARCH. By Frank Podmore,
information derived from the movements of our
M.A. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE EMOTIONS. By Th. Ribot.
body in space, from the impressions of touch, and
Contemporary Science Series,” XXXV. London: Walter from the varied movements and impressions of
Soott. (Imported by Charles Scribner's Sons.)
vision. Energy is represented in all our move-
16


146
[March 1,
THE DIAL
ments, and hence the nature of muscular contrac The “Subconscious Self,” by Dr. Louis Wald-
tions, the characteristics of fatigue, the perceptions stein, is a thesis in applied Psychology; and the
of movement, the sensations of resistance and weight thesis is admirably maintained and its lessons vig-
as well as of sound and color, may all be grouped orously enforced. This thesis is based upon the
under the term energy; to which is added, although recognition of two elements in our mental make-up.
not very consistently, a chapter on pain and one on The conscious side is that generally recognized
the feelings.
as ourselves, — the self that selects the impressions
Such, in outline, is the plan of this work. The upon which we feed, that regulates our conduct, that
manner of treatment is selective; there is no attempt guides and controls our lives. The sub-conscious is
at comprehensiveness. Under each head a group of the sum of the impressionable, receptive tendencies
observations that seems likely to convey most clearly that creates our likes and dislikes, that engenders
the nature of the methods and results is selected and our moods and aspirations, that gives shape to our
fully described; preference being always given to peculiarities, our temperament, and character. We
results in quantitative form. Many of the experi are very much more than and very different from
ments are original, and show much ingenuity both that which we designedly intend to be; and it is this
in the settling of problems and in technical device. duality which is expressed and elaborated as the
The unfortunate personal tone of the author's conscious and the sub-conscious self. There is cer-
“Chautauqua" volume on “ Thinking, Feeling, Do tainly a little danger in this creation of two selves:
ing” is largely, although not wholly, avoided; while the danger of conceiving them as separate entities
but little exception can be taken to the prominence with independent powers and natures. In the hands
given to the studies from the Yale Laboratory, and of a less judicious writer than Dr. Waldstein, this
the passing by, owing to limitations of scope, of conception would be readily abused, and unwar-
many important facts and observations.
ranted inferences and implication on the part of the
While recording one's appreciation of the schol reader might counteract the wholesome effect of the
arship and the originality of the compiler, and the conscious recognition of that less tangible but potent
general success of the compilation, the fundamental factor of our mentality.
question as to the possibility of a rigidly objective The practical side of the thesis emphasizes the
psychology forcibly presents itself. Does not a importance of early associations and environment,
psychology that deals, not with sensation and per because childhood and youth are the impressionable
ception, not with memory and association, not with ages when we absorb much more than we consciously
distinction and choice, that discards the help of care imbibe, when we learn much more than we study,
ful self-observation, that instead of these deals with when the sub-conscious tendencies are strongest.
time and space and energy,
does not such a Hence the surroundings in which the child is taught
psychology proclaim its own insufficiency? Is not are of more importance, in relation to the ultimate
this classification one of appearance and not of re-
of culture to be attained, than the lesson ; the
ality, objective in the sense of outside and not in manner of the teacher than the substance of his
trinsic? Is there not as much danger of turning teaching.” “For culture depends upon the impulse,
psychology into physics as into metaphysics ? These not upon purpose.” On the side of health, Dr.
are the queries that accompany the critical reader Waldstein maintains that many forms of nervous
from chapter to chapter. As a matter of fact, the ills are rather in the nature of evil mental habits,
mental processes of perception, memory, discrimi dependent upon more or less original weakness and
nation, association, and the like, are touched upon; a disturbance of the normal relations between the
the objective treatment is frequently abandoned, de conscious and the sub-conscious. The mental appeal
signedly or otherwise; none the less the dominant in cases of hysteria and neuræsthenia must be in the
tone and perspective is unpsychological as the term line of a re-establishment of the control of conscious
is currently understood. Whether it is really so or effort, to dip down deep and reconstruct the under-
whether its newness is an anticipation of future currents of thought and feeling. The change of
trends, may be more wisely questioned than asserted scene, the absorption in new occupations, the rest
or denied. The rigidly scientific psychology, the from conscious strain, and, still more, the relief from
psychology of experiment and observation, the worry which is so infinitely more wearing than work,
psychology of growth and development, has come are effective as they supplant morbid introspective
with the close of the century as a permanent contri moods and feelings by wholesome altruistic interests.
bution to the circle of the sciences. Whether the In the elaboration of his thesis, Dr. Waldstein
particular phase of it selected by Professor Scripture appeals to the evidence of suggestion and hypnotic
is to be in the future the dominant phase cannot yet action; to medical experience and educational exam-
be determined; but that it will always be a promi- ples, to the revival of old and apparently forgotten
nent factor, both in determining the spirit and the memories, to the suggestiveness of certain organic
content of psychological research, can hardly be and less specialized sensations, for the illustration of
questioned. Under these circumstances, so able and the nature and importance of the sub-conscious self.
useful a compendium as this must be welcomed as Some of these illustrations are rather dubious; but on
an important aid to students of all shades and the whole, the argument is moderate and the appli-
grades.
cations suggestive. It is at once a stimulating and
degree


1898.]
147
THE DIAL
>
a safe volume, and well adapted to the needs of the a similar fate at the hands of the examining expert;
general but intelligently interested reader.
but in spite of exposures and confessions, the cults
continue to be practised. The exposures are ex-
Whatever one's opinion of its intrinsic importance, plained away, new doctrines and now " signs” are
there can be no doubt that “ Psychical Research devised to satisfy the appetite of the curious. “With
forms a conspicuous feature in modern mind-lore. such men and against such a contention, argument
The term has really been given a technical meaning, is no longer even possible. Decipiantur.”
and serves to distinguish a somewhat heterogeneous Ghosts and haunted houses, premonitions and
group of topics, most of which, but not all, have clairvoyance, poltergeists and obsession, are passed
some bearings upon psychological principles. There in review; and after a typical citation of cases and
is, for instance, nothing psychological about the mys- analysis of results, the conclusion is reached that
terious ringing of bells and tumbling about of wall the known laws of nature, the demonstrated possi-
ornaments, or the tying of knots in an endless cord, bilities of cleverness and conjuring, the varied pos-
or the insertion of slips of paper into an apparently sibilities of error and prepossession, are sufficient in
sealed box, or the alleged miraculous transfer of let their entirety to account for the phenomena so far
ters and documents through space, all of which as an account may be legitimately demanded. These
procedures the devout psychic researcher must ex form an admirable illustration of the workings of
amine and explain, unless it be the contribution the popular mind in matters occult, and they point
to the psychology of deception and credulity which a moral and adorn a tale frequently quite different
the description of the true modus operandi of these from what the narrators of the experiences had in
interesting performances reveals. On the other mind.
hand, researches into the nature of hypnotic phe But the crucial instances where, in the opinion of
nomena, of automatism, of secondary forms of Mr. Podmore, as well as of other well versed and
consciousness, of illusions and hallucinations and learned investigators, science must at present bend
kindred more or less abnormal forms of mental ac the knee and acknowledge the sovereignty of an-
tion, are definitely psychological in scope and signi- other power, are telepathy and Mrs. Piper. Tele-
ficance. The strand that binds the sheaf together is, pathy, or the transference of thought from mind to
however, the interest in the unusual, the apparently mind by other channels than the recognized avenues
miraculous, the possible exception to recognized of sensation, Mr. Podmore insists has been demon-
physical laws, the possible discovery of means of strated by experiments, and receives a valuable con-
transcending the limitations of this mortal coil. firmation in the premonition of deaths, in dreams
This extreme interest in the supernatural is prob- that come true, in strong verdical impressions, and
ably not to be ranked as amongst the most cultured the like. So perfectly established does the author
or worthy of civilized interests, and yet its exist-regard this principle, that he uses it freely in ex-
ence must be distinctly recognized and met. There planation of bafiling cases of other forms of psy-
is, therefore, a place, and by reason of its power to chic phenomena for which a negative conclusion
influence opinion, an important place, for a book has been reached. The impressions made by the
that describes plainly but critically the status of the chapters on telepathy upon the present reviewer are
chief forms of nineteenth century supernaturalia. quite similar in logical force to those made by the
Such a book is Mr. Podmore's “Studies in Psychical evidence for the phenomena described in the other
Research.”
portions of the work; the need of an ultra-scientific
The phenomena of spiritualism are described with hypothesis seems as undemonstrated in the one case
rare and commendable patience; the excessive super as in the other. Here is debatable land; and from
stition, the absurd logic or want of it, the looseness one who has exhibited such patience and care, as
of so-called test conditions, the petty deceits and well as insight and experience, as has Mr. Podmore,
gross frauds, the pitiable credulity of victims and it is proper to differ respectfully but none the less
the boldness and originality of mediums, are por- firmly. Telepathy has not as yet been returned as
trayed as calmly as the description of so many a member of the parliament of science, and, in the
natural history specimens. The spiritualists “who opinion of many, indeed, of most, of those whose
would be capable of testifying, if their preposses- opinions are entitled to carry weight, has but a
sions happened to point that way, that they had slight and constantly decreasing prospect of occupy-
seen the cow jump over the moon,” and would refer ing the desired seat.
for corroborative evidence to the archives of the As for Mrs. Piper, she is simply a mystery; her
nursery, as well as the learned professors who invent specialty is to reveal in trance condition a knowl-
apparatus for demonstrating the power of the me- edge of the sitter's private affairs astounding in its
dium to modify the laws of gravitation, are alike intimacy and correctness. The ignorant and the
given a hearing ; and the resulting verdict is fraud, cultured, the lowly and the mighty, the skeptic and
eked out by some hallucinations. One cannot help the believer, old and young, have sat at Mrs. Piper's
feeling as Faraday felt when investigating similar feet and had the innermost recesses of their per-
phenomena forty years ago, that in the present sonal biography revealed by the mysterious "Dr.
age, and in this part of the world, it (such investi Phinuit” who is the trance informant of Mrs. Piper.
gation] ought not be required.” Theosophy meets Her trances “furnish the most important evidence
1


148
[March 1,
THE DIAL
which the Society for Psychical Research has yet of feelings to the modes of their manifestation, of
adduced for the existence of something beyond tele- feelings to movements, of pleasure and pain, and of
pathy, and afford a sufficient justification, if any
a wide
range of allied factors, are fully discussed in
were needed, for the labors of the past fifteen years." the light of their origin, their development, their
Whether in due time the halo that now radiates morbid manifestations, and their utilitarian function.
from Mrs. Piper's head will fade away as a more Biology, anthropology, and pathology contribute
powerful search-light is focussed upon it, or whether facts to the normal psychology of the emotions and
those who come to scoff will stay to pray, may safely prevent the undue attention to the processes of the
be left for the future to determine. Enigmas have adult, educated, and cultured member of the genus
been solved again and again, and psychology has homo, to which may be ascribed so many of the
other and more important problems immediately misconceptions of the older psychologists. Along
before it than the illumination of the illusive mate with this richness of method and material have come
rial of “Psychic Research.” Of greatest importance new problems as well as new ways of looking at the
is the necessity of preserving a rational perspective,
old ones.
Is the expression of the emotion essential
of not confusing Psychology with tales of ghosts to the emotion, or is it something accidental and su-
and table-rappings, and of estimating these alleged perfluous? Shall we say with James that we are sad
supranormal phenomena—as Mr. Podmore’s volume because we weep, we are afraid because we tremble,
will help one to do — at their proper value both as and are angry because we strike or feel an inclina-
regards their truth and their significance if true. tion to do so, or can we feel all these emotions without
their motor accompaniment? Is pain a distinct sen-
Professor Ribot's volume, “ The Psychology of sation with perhaps a special nervous mechanism,
the Emotions,” takes us into quite a different sphere or is it an adjunct of other forms of sensation? What
of mind-lore, the region not of the intellect but of is the place of feeling in the development of the in-
the feelings. Here experiment must give way to dividual and of the race? What is the origin of the
observation and analysis, and in place of quantitative expression of the emotions ? What is the place of
determinations there are variable and illusive quali emotion in the intellectual life? These are some of
tative changes. Different as is the material and the general problems which must be discussed as an
treatment, the psychology of the emotions quite integral portion of the study of emotion. Such dis-
clearly reflects the influence of modern conceptions cussion has nothing of finality about it; it is fre-
and investigations. Professor Ribot's reputation is quently a statement of opposite views with little
that of an eminently successful expositor ; though indication of a preference for one or the other; it is
not himself an experimentalist he encourages experi not infrequently a confession of ignorance or the
mental work in others, and appreciates fully the discovery of gaps in our knowledge. None the less
importance of all the various trends of modern psy the discussion is profitable ; a preliminary survey is
chological activity. He brings to his writings a wise far better than none, and one cannot expect the
enthusiasm, a clear critical judgment, and an unusual equipment that comes from long periods of occupa-
originality of composition and generalization. Of tion in the exploration of the darkest regions of
all his monographs this certainly represents the work psychology.
of greatest complexity and difficulty; in successful The special emotions may be treated more defi-
achievement, in originality of treatment, and in nitely. Certain types of emotional manifestation are
general utility, it equals, and indeed surpasses, the primitive and fundamental; they appear in the lower
standard of his previous contributions. It may be forms of animal life and in the early months of in-
recommended as one of the most attractive and fant experience; they remain in the decadence of old
profitable means of approach to an interesting and age and combine with other forms of feelings and
important group of psychological problems. ideas to form the sentiments. Such instinctive emo-
The work falls into two divisions, the first dealing tions are those connected with self-conservation,
with the general psychology of emotion, the second fear, anger, sympathy. These give place, under con-
with the special psychology of the emotions. One of ditions of increased intellectual development, to the
the main problems of the first division is the deter- social and moral feelings, to the religious, æsthetic,
mination of the nature of feeling. Is it a primitive and intellectual sentiments. Recent investigation
fact, sui generis, coördinate with the simplest ele- along the lines of animal study and child study, as
ments of the intellectual group, sensation and per well as a more intimate acquaintance with the
ception? or is it a mere accompaniment of the latter, thought-habits of primitive peoples, make it pos-
an epi-phenomenon? Are pleasure and pain merely sible to sketch the main characteristics of the sev-
supplementary conditions of sensation, or are they eral emotions with considerable definiteness; and
equally primordial, and independent of the intellect Professor Ribot utilizes this type of information
ual content of the sensation? Professor Ribot takes with great skill. In conclusion he attempts a clas-
his stand with those who maintain the fundamental sification of characters, both normal and abnormal,
importance of the feelings, the “emotionalists” as a contribution to the science of ethology which John
opposed to the “intellectualists," and devotes many Stuart Mill suggested, which Bain attempted to in-
chapters to the support of this doctrine. In this augurate, and which has recently engaged the atten-
investigation the relations of feelings to sensations, tion of French psychologists. The result, however


1898.)
149
THE DIAL
interesting, is hardly scientific; none the less, pro world, and not those of the Asiatic steppes, that
gress has been made, misconceptions have been incline to the eôle, of the Genghis Khan, and the
removed, and the importance of a true psychological barbarous gospel of the “mailed fist.” Captain
method of classification has been recognized. Mahan's fancy, however, it seems, still admits the
In the modern world, with its endless opportuni- | possibility of future Attilas and Tamerlanes. He
ties to acquire information, and the continuous no views our modern civilization (like the old Roman
cessity to keep up with the times, there is consider- one) as “an oasis set in the midst of a desert of bar-
able danger of getting too much information and barism,” and ultimately dependant for its safety,
too little education, too much brain and too little “not upon its mere elaboration of organization, but
heart. It is a wholesome tendency in modern psy upon the power of that organization to express itself
chology, and one well represented in this work of in a menacing and efficient attitude of physical
Professor Ribot, that along with the study of the force, sufficient to resist the numerically overwhelm-
processes of intellectual acquisition it emphasizes ing, but inadequately organized hosts of outsiders."
the importance of the emotions in the foundations Such being the plight of modern civilization, it
of character.
JOSEPH JASTROW.
would of course be the clear duty of America to
furnish its quota toward the common defence. This
particular argument of Captain Mahan's in support
of militarism seems to us to rest upon a somewhat
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
vague and fanciful hypothesis ; and we are inclined
to think that it is in its internal and domestic Goths
The navai The remarkable series of papers in
and foreign
and Vandals, “capitalistic" as well as “proletar-
policy of the which Captain A. T. Mahan has
ian,” that modern civilization finds its real and
United States. from time to time expressed his
immediate foes. As to the expediency for this coun-
views on most questions of American naval and for.
try of maintaining at all times a reasonable degree
eign policy are now issued in a handy volume of
some 300 pages entitled “The Interest of America
of “preparedness for war," a degree proportional
in Sea Power, Present and Future” (Little, Brown,
to the current general average of political conditions
that in our case make for war, we heartily agree
and Co.). The titles are: « The United States
with Captain Mahan; but we are by no means ready
Looking Outward,” “ Hawaii and Our Future Sea
to admit the wisdom of a policy of territorial expan-
Power,” “The Isthmus and Sea Power,” “ Possi-
bilities of an Anglo-American Reunion,” “Prepared form war from a comparatively remote contingency
sion or diplomatic intermeddling, tending to trans-
ness for Naval War," “Strategic Features of the
Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico," etc. With
into a constantly impending danger. The menace
to our form of government that lurks in such a pol-
these magazine papers many of our readers are
icy is evident. Militarism and popular institutions
doubtless already acquainted, and we need scarcely
are fundamentally at odds; and cogent arguments
say that they are well worth reproducing in book
are not lacking to show that the first serious depart-
form. They form the most considerable and author-
ure from the traditions and maxims that have so
itative literary contribution to the general discus-
sion in question, and their influence upon current
long and so happily governed our relations with the
outer world may still prove to be the beginning of
opinions has been such that they are not unlikely to
the end of the old political order in this country.
prove a potent factor in shaping the future history
On the whole, we think our fellow countrymen will
of this country. Captain Maban is the most con-
vinced, the most logical, and, with thinking people, suasions of the sirens of annexation, and lay to
do well for the present to close their ears to the per-
the most influential exponent of the view that the
heart Speaker Reed's recent aphorism, “ Empire
time has come for the abandonment by us of the
Washingtonian policy of diplomatic isolation which
“ befitted our national infancy.” It is time, he
Miss Agnes Repplier's essays have
thinks, for us to assume our share of the “ travail
by Miss Repplier. long been so well known that it would
of Europe," of the “work of upholding the common
come near impertinence to give a
interests of civilization.” As to the particular point naïve account of them. It will be interesting to her
whence those interests are especially threatened, many readers, however, to learn that in her latest
Captain Maban is rather non-committal; but he volume, “ Varia" (Houghton), she has shown what
hints vaguely at the "teeming multitudes of central may be properly called a new method. We think
and northern Asia,” against whom the “only bar that she now succeeds in getting more of herself
rier will be the warlike spirit of the representatives into her essays; and this we regard as an advan-
of civilization.” We had rather thought that this tage. In her earlier work she was content to mag-
particular bogey of a new Mongolian invasion netize a title or an idea and insert it into her library
(which so disturbed the prophetic soul of Mr. Pear and draw it forth encrusted with quotations. That
son) had been effectually laid by the disclosures as was not a bad thing to do: Emerson used to do it,
to the real state of China resulting from the Chino except that he put the magnetized title into a
Japanese war; and, indeed, it might be urged that commonplace book and drew it forth encrusted with
it is now the chiefs of the Western and Christian l original epigrams. Miss Repplier does not yet avoid
can wait.”
A new method


150
[March 1,
THE DIAL
quotations, nor does she shun her library; and this the book lying on the marble-topped tables of their
is well, for her quotations are well-made and her pensive citadels, and that Corelli lovers will give it
reading is wide and reputable. But, unless our a prominent place on the buhl étagères of their lux-
memory deceives us, these things occupy a some urious boudoirs. It has also a further use. Those
what different place in the economy of her essay: who have never read the works of Miss Corelli, and
or, looking at it from another point of view, her never mean to, may find here what those works are
essays have gained, we take it, character and struc like, at the expense of very little time and trouble.
ture. Instead of fantasias on different wandering Matthew Arnold thought that Wordsworth gained
themes, we have in this volume a number of his with the general reader by being presented in selec-
torical résumés of different elements in civilization, tions; and when he saw how much Wordsworth
—as, women of thought and action, diaries, drinking gained, he was tempted to make selections from
songs, fiction. This kind of essay is perhaps sim- Byron also. So with Miss Corelli; only the Corel-
pler than the other, but it usually has more real lians should try to read her in toto. We do not,
merit, unless its author be one of the few great however, think that Miss Corelli should be compared
essay-writers of the world. Hence Miss Repplier, with Byron or Meredith, or even with Shakespeare.
whose power consists in ready assimilation and a She would not herself invite such comparison, nor
sound discrimination and appreciation, but yet not would this book justify it, save in the superficial
much strength of original (if not analytic think manner that we have pursued. Miss Corelli, in our
ing - like Montaigne's, for instance, or Emerson’s, judgment, comes a little below Ouida in the scale of
- Miss Repplier finds here a better instrument. In authors, and considerably above Miss Julia Edwards.
her previous volume we commended her sane judg- Perhaps Miss Mackay will find time to provide us
ment and unrufied common-sense. Both qualities with selections from the works of those well-known
may be seen here, and each is of great value in ladies. If she do so, we recommend her to follow
dealing with such subjects as the eternal feminine, her present plan of arrangement, in which extracts
novel-reading, Sunday-school stories. These essays are arranged according to the novels from which
are quite as agreeable to read as Miss Repplier's they are selected. Another way would be to group
earlier work (singular it would be if, in the case of under one head — let us say Art — all the extracts
80 devoted a student of style, it should not be so), bearing on Art; and so on. But that plan, we think,
but they have much more body to them. One thing would be dangerous. We would also suggest that
we take exception to: we do not think Miss Rep- instead of the term “ Beauties” in the title, it might
plier a good person to deal with the subject of bac be better to say “Extracts,” or perhaps “ Elegant
chanalia. We allow that she writes agreeably on Extracts.”
the matter, but hardly to the real increase of good
thinking on the topic. This, however, is a small
Compilations of American literary
matter: perhaps it may come from a purely theo-
history for the use of schools are of
retic standpoint. We must add that in this volume
late multiplying apace. Within the
Miss Repplier leaves her library and goes to Con- past two years we have had excellent manuals of
stantinople and Cairo by way of Douai and Syra-
the subject published by Mr. F. L. Pattee and Mr.
We do not recollect that this has occurred
Brander Matthews, and two other text-books of
before, although Miss Repplier has several times
about the same compass are now before us. One of
looked out of her window and seen something. We
them, bearing the simple title “ American Litera-
hope the result of her present travels will not dis-
ture” (Macmillan), is the work of Miss Katharine
courage her, although it would seem as if the things Lee Bates, and contains a gracefully written narra-
that she had experienced had been rather a source
tive treatment of the subject, running to upwards of
of annoyance to her than otherwise.
three hundred pages, and adorned with over a score
of portrait illustrations. Miss Bates has determined
The works of Miss Marie Corelli to be readable, at whatever cost of condensation or
offer an excellent opportunity for the scientifically ordered array of facts, and has pro-
elegant extracts.
selection of elegant extracts, for the duced a book which is primarily entertaining,
reason that those who like Miss Corelli's works are although we by no means intend to imply that it is
apt to like elegant extracts too. We have not often not also trustworthy. What we often miss, how-
met Shakespearean students who longed for a ever, in these attractive pages, is that scrupulous
“ Beauties of Shakespeare.” We do not think that weighing of every critical epithet employed that
the volume of selections, from Meredith, published should characterize a text-book for youthful stu-
some time since, was ever a delight to lovers of dents. Some of the judgments expressed have a
Meredith. Nor has “ The Good, the True, and the random quality, if not an unhappy one ; and we
Beautiful,” we imagine, been wholly satisfactory to come at times upon absolute futilities of phrase that
the Ruskinites. But the “Beauties of Marie Cor- | might far better have been omitted. From the
elli," compiled by Miss Annie Mackay and published standpoint of historical scholarship, as illustrated by
in England by Mr. George Redway and in this coun its echo of traditional opinion in dealing with such
try by Messrs. Lippincott Co., cannot be so criticised. matters as the Pocahontas yarn, Cotton Mather
We think that Corelli students will be glad to have and witchcraft, or Ethan Allen at Ticonderoga, the
Two new books
on American
Literature.
cuse.
Miss Corelli
as seen in


1898.]
151
THE DIAL
Mr. Gosse's
a
book must be pronounced superficial.— Mr. Henry Clinton defended, for instance, Mrs. Cunningham in
S. Pancoast's “Introduction to American Litera the celebrated Cunningham-Burdell case, and Rich-
ture” (Holt), the other text mentioned at the be ard Croker against the charge of murdering John
ginning of this paragraph, finds the critic prepos- McKenna ; and he was of counsel in the Tweed and
sessed in its favor by the admirable “Introduction the Kelly vs. Havemeyer cases. The Cunningham-
to English Literature " prepared by the author, a Burdell trial occupies nearly half of the volume, and
year or two ago. We gave high praise to that book Mr. Clinton's account of it is as engrossing as one
when it appeared, and find in the volume now before of Poe's tales. This Burdell mystery has never, we
us the same well-chosen diction, sobriety of judg- believe, been unravelled. Other trials recounted by
ment, and sense of perspective that characterized its the author are: the case of Dr. E. M. Brown, of
predecessor. We should say that no better book Watson and Crary, of Robert J. Gamble and Ma-
had yet been produced for use in our secondary tilde Hujus, of Isaac Van Wart Buckbont, of A.
schools, and few that come anywhere near its stand-Oakey Hall (tried for neglect of official duty), of
ard of excellence.
Favre vs. Monvoisin, etc. The book is brimful of
striking and sensational incidents, of examples of
To write the history of English lit- ingenious shifts of legal practice, of searching judi-
short history of erature within the compass of some cial analysis, and of impassioned flights of forensic
English literature. four hundred duodecimo pages
is
eloquence. The author's style is manly and direct,
task from which the wisest of students might sbrink;
and he sensibly refrains from gilding his narrative
it has been done so many times already — and fairly with the rhetorical flourishes which he evidently
well done at that,— while the style of an archangel finds it advantageous to use in addressing a jury.
could hardly make a manual of the sort good for Mr. Clinton's second volume is, like his first, one
continuous reading. But this is an age of serial
that members of the bar should greatly relish ; while
compilations of knowledge, and the Procrustean
to the lay reader with a taste for romantic fiction
tyranny of the series styled Literatures of the
it offers the allurements of o'er-true tales steeped in
World” left the editor no escape from contriving to
the atmosphere of mystery and crime. The book is
have the story of English letters told to scale once
well made, and it contains several portraits of lead-
more. The editor has undertaken the tale himself, ing legal lights, including one of the author.
and, being Mr. Edmund Gosse, has of course pro-
duced "A Short History of Modern English Litera-
Actuated by a common friendship
Two friends
ture” (Appleton) which is as nearly entertaining
of Carlyle.
for Thomas Carlyle and a certain
and readable as it is possible for any such work to
kinship between their own natures,
be. He has also made his task somewhat more John Sterling and Ralph Waldo Emerson exchanged
tolerable by beginning with Chaucer, thus leaving letters at more or less frequent intervals during the
the “ archaic section ” of our literature for treat latter part of Sterling's life. Though never meet-
ment in another volume by some other hand. He ing face to face, each found in the other a stimulus
has endeavored, to quote his own words, “ to give and an attraction which makes the volume of their
the reader, whether familiar with the books men correspondence now published (Houghton) well
tioned or not, a feeling of the evolution of English worth the reading. The editor, Mr. Edward Waldo
literature in the primary sense of the term, the dis- Emerson, has done his modest work well, prefacing
entanglement of the skein, the slow and regular the letters with a brief sketch of the delicate and
unwinding, down succeeding generations, of the short-lived man to whom Emerson wrote, “ Thou-
threads of literary expression.' The element of sands of hearts have owed to you the finest mystic
biography is almost wholly dispensed with, making influences," and of whom Carlyle said, “He was a
the interest strictly critical and philosophical, and brilliant, human presence, honourable and lovable
the work has, in comparison with its numerous rivals, amid the dim, common populations." The book is
whatever advantages may flow from original and a small one, less than a hundred pages, yet it gives
epigrammatic turns of expression, quotations of the us pleasant glimpses of both men, the one whose
unhackneyed sort that show a man to be fresh from name and thought has permeated all literature, and
the reading of many of the authors discussed, and the one whose gifts promised so much and yet who
the general charm of manner that attaches to every was permitted to accomplish so little.
thing that Mr. Gosse writes.
Krüger's “ History of Early Chris-
Encouraged by the success of his Literature of tian Literature” (Macmillan ) is a
interesting work entitled “Extraor-
compound of biographical and biblio-
in America.
dinary Cases,” which was noticed in graphical material. It covers not only the authors
our columns a twelvemonth or so ago, Mr. Henry and works of three centuries, but the later literature
Lauren Clinton now issues a second and similar which has grown up around them. The books of
volume, “Celebrated Trials ” (Harper), containing the New Testament, as well as the apocryphal lit-
sketches of other noted cases with which the author erature, are claimants for a place in this thick vol-
has been professionally connected during his forty ume of over 400 pages. There is a feeling of satis-
years of active practice at the New York bar. Mr. faction, as one takes up this book, that he has in
The Christian
Celebrated
law-trials
three centuries.


152
[March 1,
THE DIAL
and Danish.
hand a fairly exhaustive European bibliography of already had more than one occasion to commend.
every important author and work included within Catherine Schuyler, wife of General Philip Schuyler,
its compass. The apostles and church fathers of was a daughter of Colonel John Van Rensselaer,
three continents, of all shades of Christian belief, of son of Hendrick and grandson of Killian, the first
variant degrees of scholarship, have their niche in Patroon, whose estate was at Claverack, about forty
this literary edifice. It is gratifying to find so many miles from Albany, and a few miles back from the
valuable personal facts about the great churchmen present town of Hudson. Thus by virtue of blood
of that age. In the same section are cited the orig- and marriage, at least, Mrs. Schuyler was, although
inal works of each ancient author, in its different personally of a retiring and domestic turn, a repre-
editions, and in immediate connection the later sentative figure among the matrons of the Revolu-
works which have been built on those originals. tion. Her life embraced a momentous and stirring
We should have highly prized a word now and then period in our national history, including, in its mil.
by the distinguished author on the special value of itary aspect, the French, and Indian, and Revolu-
some of the literature referred to. Enough, how- tionary Wars, and, in its political, the transitional
ever, is cited on each subject, he says, “ for a thor colonial period and the beginnings of the Nation.
ough study of that subject.” At the end of the book To the student of manners, the story of Mrs. Schuy-
is a valuable chronological conspectus, which por ler's life is instructive, and the author tells it simply
trays the gradual progress of literary productivity and literally. It abounds in vivacious pictures and
in the several provinces of the Empire. This, with incidents illustrative of the social and domestic life
a full round index of authors and works, gives of the time, and affords a glimpse or two of Dutch
the volume such a bibliographical completeness, colonial life at Albany. There is a well executed
except as to American works, as will be a delight portrait of Mrs. Schuyler.
and a treasure to every scholar who delves into
this important period of the growth and spread of
The publication of the personal let-
Friendly letters
Christianity.
of General Grant.
ters of prominent men results often
in disappointing those who believe
The American student desirous of
For students
the verdict of history will be materially changed
of Norwegian becoming acquainted with the lan-
thereby Sources are now so available and so uni-
guage of Norway and Denmark has
versally used that the fruits of the letters remaining
hitherto been unable to secure the help of a suitable
unused are little more than the pleasure derived
grammatical manual. None of the books hitherto
from a knowledge of the friendships of great men.
published in this country has been altogether ade The Hon. Elihu B. Washburne was for many years
quate to the needs of the student, and there was a 80 close a friend of General Grant that the publica-
real demand for such a work as Prof. Julius E.
tion of Grant's “ Letters to a Friend” (Crowell)
Olson’s “ Norwegian Grammar and Reader" (Scott,
Reader" (Scott, gives pleasant glimpses of the friendship between
Foresman, & Co.), which has just been published.
the two, but adds little of historic value. The most
We are glad to note that the author carries the
interesting letter is the one in which Grant refuses
courage of his convictions far enough to style his
to listen to the suggestion that he should declare
book a “Norwegian " grammar, in defiance of the
himself not a candidate for the Presidency in 1880
pedantry which would insist upon the term “Dano-
under any circumstances. Gen. James Grant Wilson
Norwegian," and of the impossible contention that contributes an introduction to the attractively pub-
such writers as Herr Björnson and Dr. Ibsen do not lished little volume.
use the Norwegian language. Rather less than half
of the work is devoted to the grammar; the rest
Volume V. in the pretty “ Arcady
A Londoner
consists of well-chosen selections, with notes and a
in Cornwall.
Library" series is entitled “The
vocabulary. The extracts range all the way from
Happy Exile" (John Lane), and con-
Eventyr by Asbjörnsen and Moe to examples chosen tains some twenty-two pleasantly fancied rustic
from the Dioscuri of contemporary Norwegian lit- sketches, the fruit of the sentimental holiday ram-
erature and lyrics from the Maalstrover. They bles of a young Londoner among the
green
lanes
make up a singularly attractive collection, and the and by-paths of Cornwall. Mr. H. D. Lowry is the
student who masters them all will have made a good editor, and Mr. E. Philip Pimlott has furnished a
start in his acquaintance with the Norwegian lan half-dozen acceptable etchings. Most of the papers
guage, literature, and history. It is a task well worth have appeared in English periodicals, but they de-
undertaking for anyone who knows German to begin serve their present setting. The writer makes no
with, since it offers an unusually great reward for pretence of being an observer of the Thoreau-
an unusually small amount of effort.
Jefferies order, but he evidently has the jaded
“ cit's” keen delight in the things of the country,
A notable
Miss Mary Gay Humphreys's life of and his raptures are unfeigned. There is a mild
matron of Catherine Schuyler forms the sixth vein of adolescent sentimentality throughout, and
the Revolution.
and final volume of the excellent the Cornish types are not ill-drawn. The volume
little set of biographies of “ Women of Colonial and will form a delightful companion for a vacation
Revolutionary Times” (Scribner), which we have ramble.


1898.)
153
THE DIAL
As the volumes on the “ Ten Epochs cerned with the minuter part of scholarship, but given
The Age of the
of Church History" (Christian Lit a distinct literary flavor by the inclusion of such contri-
Renascence.
erature Co.) appear, one by one, it
butions as “The Text of Donne's Poems,” by Professor
is discovered that not all of them are, in fact, church
C. E. Norton ; “The Influence of Emerson,” by Pro-
histories. This may be said of the seventh volume,
fessor A. S. Hill; “The Ballad and Communal Poetry,"
by Professor F. B. Gummere ; “Who Was Sir Thomas
in which Mr. Paul Van Dyke tells the story of “ The
Malory?" by Professor G. L. Kittredge ; and “The
Age of the Renascence," aided by an Introduction German Hamlet and the Earlier English Versions," by
furnished by his brother, the Rev. Henry Van Dyke. Mr. John Corbin.
“ An outline sketch of the History of the Papacy We have received from the Hamburg publishing
from the return from Avignon to the Sack of house of Herr Leopold Voss, two works of much value
Rome (1377–1527 )” can only be regarded as to the student of dramatic literature and art. One of
Church history upon the theory that the Church and them is a “ Beschreibung des Geistlichen Schauspiels
the Papacy were identical at that time; and as the im Deutschen Mittelalter” by Herr Ricbard Heinzel.
book is written from an ultra-Protestant standpoint,
It is a volume of over three hundred and fifty pages,
it holds no such theory. And as a history of the
crammed with erudition, and as unreadable as a produc-
Renascence, it is disappointing in so far as it passes
tion of German scholarship can contrive to be, which
over the artistic revival which was such an impor ing, and a contribution of great importance to the liter-
fact does not prevent it from being a work of much learn-
tant feature of the Renascence, and barely touches
ature of its subject. The other publication to which
the development of university life. These omissions
reference is made is a study of “ Der Dramatische
are apologized for in the Introduction. Still, what Monolog in der Poetik des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts
is told us of the Humanists is well told ; the book und in den Dramen Lessings," by Herr Friedrich Düsel.
is readable, and it will no doubt be found to fur It is a brochure of about eighty pages, possessing rather
nish an admirable preparation for the volume on an aesthetical than a historical interest.
the Age of the Reformation, which is to follow. It The master historian of England under the Stuarts,
is, however, regrettable that the author should so Mr. Samuel Rawson Gardiner, has published a volume
often descend from the dignified style in which seri-
of two hundred pages entitled “What Gunpowder Plot
ous history should be written, and use such modern
Was” (Longmans). The book, he tells us, grew out of
a conviction that the late work of Father Gerard upon
terms in writing of events in the Middle Ages, as
the same subject had not removed all the difficulties.
the middle-of-the-road policy," "Judge Lynch,"
The latter attempted to break down the truth of the
“Kentucky feuds,” etc.
traditional story by testing it with the evidence. In this
he not only urged that many of the government's declara-
Mr. James Scbouler's volume of
Studies of State
tions were inconsistent with the evidence and pointed
and Federal “ Constitutional Studies” (Dodd) to falsification, but went beyond that to argue that part
Constitutions.
contains some valuable work. It is of the evidence was inconsistent with physical facts.
written, to some extent, with the marvellously infe-
His eminent services are admitted by Mr. Gardiner,
licitous exuberance of rhetoric so familiar in the but after his own exhaustive investigation Mr. Gar-
author's “ History of the United States.” But with
diner's conclusion is mainly in favor of the traditional
all that, the facts are gathered with care and grouped
story.
with judgment. Part I. treats of “ Early Charters
“ Not to furnish booksellers and bookbuyers with an
and Constitutions," Part II. of - The Federal
exhaustive catalogue of books, but to make the material
which is most useful for the study of municipal history
Union," and Part III. of “ State Constitutions since
more accessible to historical students," is the avowed
1789." Especially valuable are Chapter IV. in
intention of Professor Charles Gross, of Harvard Uni-
Part I., dealing with “ Early State Constitutions”
versity, in his “ Bibliography of British Municipal His-
(1776-1789), and the whole of Part III.
The 432 pages needed for this purpose show
little study has been given to the Constitutions of the vast extent of the material thus noted for the stu-
the States, and one of the wholesome signs of an dent in this important field of local institutions. The
awakened political consciousness is the fact that such
volume is number five in the “ Harvard Historical
studies are beginning to appear.
Studies" (Longmans).
Mr. Thomas Benfield Harbottle is the compiler of a
“ Dictionary of Quotations (Classical)," just published
by the Macmillan Co., and designed to accompany the
BRIEFER MENTION.
previously issued dictionary of English quotations pre-
pared by Colonel P. H. Dalbiac and a forthcoming
Volume V. of the “Studies and Notes in Philology volume of quotations from modern Continental writers.
and Literature,” issued by Harvard University, through The Latin and Greek sections of the present work are
the publishing house of Messrs. Ginn & Co., is a “Child distinct, and each quotation is coupled with an English
Memorial Volume.” It was already planned as a greet translation, literary rather than literal, the works of
ing to the late Professor Child, in celebration of his the standard translators being annexed in the majority
fiftieth year of teaching in the University, completed in of cases. There are three subject-indexes, in Latin,
June, 1896, but his death in the following September Greek, and English, respectively, which might have
changed the greeting into a memorial. Following the been made fuller than we find them, but which pro-
Latin dedication (left unchanged) of Professor Green vide a fairly adequate key to the contents of this use-
ough, there are no less than sixteen papers, mostly con ful volume.
9
tory."


154
[March 1,
THE DIAL
now-
ENGLISH CORRESPONDENCE.
own wares; Mr. Heinemann writes his own plays; and
a publisher announces that not only will he sell his own
London, Feb. 18, 1898.
books, but he will open shops all over London, and sell
Each season brings its own fashion; and whether it
be in hats or blouses, collars or jackets, pictures or books,
everybody's books. Not that anything matters much
will manage to do better than either the author-publisher,
months when London is having what is called its
" season." The art of the sartor has its own special
or the publisher-author, or the bookseller-publisher.
When one is a successful author, like Mr. Buchanan,
critics, and, no doubt, these are able to wax eloquent
one may take to amateur publishing by way of amuse-
and enthusiastic enough, without the aid of their
ment. When one is a successful publisher, like Mr.
brethren of the stage or of literature. The art of the
Heinemann, one may indulge in the gentle art of mak-
painter or the writer is always sure of exponents and
even of satirists. Indeed, so numerous are they grow-
ing plays, just to show the world that there is more in a
ing, these writers on writers, that we are threatened
publisher than meets the unsophisticated observer. But
why should it be necessary for the successful publisher
with a new plague. A perfect host of critics is swarm-
becor a competitor with poor and unsuccessful
ing the corridors of the offices of Fleet Street and New
booksellers ?
Grub Street.
The latest fashion, in which one dare not now be igno- lications, now that “Literature” has remodelled its
It is almost impossible to send you news of new pub-
rant, is Omar Khayyam. I have already told you of
the new translations which are in preparation; but it
“Notes” columns. For in those columns you will read,
would astonish you not a little were you aware of the
not of what publishers are actually doing—that's a very
small affair — but of what authors are going to do, or
many that are being laid down, in the breasts of the
aspiring scribblers, who, without even a rudimentary
are just engaged in doing, or are hoping or expecting
knowledge of the Persian alphabet, yet hope to achieve
to do. The plan is very simple : the editor of the
“ Notes" section is in personal communication with au-
immortality by a sublimation of the essence of what has
thors, from whom he obtains the necessary information,
already been accomplished by such scholars as Fitz-
which, with a little deft pruning, is made ready for the
Gerald, McCarthy, Heron Allen, Nicolas, and Boden-
stedt. Our Omar Khayyam Club is on the war-path,-
press,- and there you are. It does not always follow
that what authors are doing or are hoping to do will see
what it intends to accomplish, only its members know.
What it will accomplish, it would not be very difficult publication day; but that is a matter for settlement be-
tween other parties. In the meantime, I had better tell
to prophecy. Well may a wearied bookseller exclaim-
“There was an old person of Ham
you at once, or the author will let it out before me, that
Who wearied of Omar Khayyam.
there is to be a new guide to London. When I say
*FitzGerald,' said he,
"new," I mean it. Absolutely, it will have no rival,
'Is as right as can be;
and the curious part about it will be that Londoners
But this Club, and these “ versions "-0 dam!"" themselves will buy it eagerly. Also, we are to have a
Then, further, it is “the thing" to be wise and look
great book on mezzotint engraving, fully illustrated,
silent eloquence about George Meredith. The Mere-
with all sorts of “tips” for the collector. Also, a big
dithian cult has passed through the gestative period, and
work on the history of the modern stage in England,
it is now nibbling at the egg-shell, previous to stalking
with quite a crowd of portraits and illustrations. Then
abroad in all the nakedness of a brave gosling. The
will come a new and prettily-printed series of books,
brotherhood of the pen have hailed him, on his seven-
including all the best classics of all literatures, in uni.
tieth birthday, with a gorgeous illuminated address, to
form size, fit for carrying in the waistcoat pocket, and
be followed soon by the regulation Society,” founded
as elegantly bound as are the most respectable of
for the purpose of studying the scintillating corusca-
prayer-books.
tions of his epigrams, to see wherein lies the wit, and to
I hear of a new novel which Mr. William O'Brien,
publish volumes of researches in the shape of “ transac-
late a member of the Irish Nationalist party, bas just
tions." Paradoxes are gone with the snows of yester-
completed. It deals with Western Ireland, and has a
year, epigrams are in, and green with the green of picturesque amazonian character of Elizabeth's day.
youth. Lately, one might admire the Shakespearian The “Edinburgh” edition of the books of Robert
brow; now, we must swear by the beard of Meredith.
Louis Stevenson is to have yet another volume. In re-
Ah, yes! that Shakespearian brow is elegant. It reminds
sponse to a widely expressed desire,—80 runs the infor-
me of a little tale, which I believe to be true as well as
mation,—it has been decided, at a conference held last
ben trovato. You are, of course, aware that this special
week, to include the “Juvenilia.' These will consist
brow is not extinct — it is in our midst to-day. Well,
of Stevenson's early and curious ventures in literature.
the story goes that a leading novelist met an equally
In particular may be mentioned a poem illustrating two
leading poet at a party, and, apparently, the two" got plates, and the long lost introduction to “ The Master
on " very well. Some time after, a friend asked the
of Ballantrae." The volume is intended to be a surprise
leading " novelist what he thought of the “leading
to subscribers, so that further particulars are not forth-
poet. "Oh," was the reply, “a charming man, and a
coming. In a few weeks, however, these will have had
very gifted writer. Yet to the eye he did not impress
the volume delivered, and, no doubt, they are now
one as I had expected. He lacked the great brow of a
eagerly waiting for it.
Shakespeare." The friend looked at the “ leading "
Mr. Unwin has started his « Library of Literary His.
novelist, and smiled.
tory.” It is on quite different lines to the two similarly
We are all in a muddle. First, the author swears he
named series issued here by Mr. Heinemann and Messrs.
is going to turn publisher; then, the bookseller threatens
Blackwood; but it is only fair to Mr. Unwin to say that
to boycott the author; then, the publisher threatens to
his series had been planned and the volumes laid down
damn both; and now, the author, publisher, and book-
long before the rival publications were announced. It
deserves success.
seller are hopelessly mixed up. Mr. Buchanan sells his
TEMPLE SCOTT.
66


1898.)
155
THE DIAL
tel
Mr. Richard LeGallienne's tame and superfluous
LITERARY NOTES.
paraphrase from the English translators of Omar Khay-
“The Bible Story Retold for Young People," by
yam is published by Mr. John Lane in a volume of such
Messrs. W. H. Bennett and W. F. Adeney, is a recent
charming workmanship as to soften in some degree the
publication of the Macmillan Co.
feeling of resentment naturally occasioned by Mr. Le-
“ The Wage Earner," being Daudet's “Soutien de Gallienne's impudent performance. It makes a pretty
Famille" in English, is promised for early publication
book, however insignificant as literature.
by Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
A book-club has recently been organized in Gouver-
“ From September to June with Nature," by Miss neur, New York, under the title of “ Brothers of the
Minetta L. Warren, is a primary reading-book just pub- ing, in pretty brochure form, that summing up of Pater's
Book.” As an outlet to their enthusiasm they are issu-
lished by Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co.
“Crusoe's Island, A Bird-Hunter's Story,” by Mr.
philosophy to be found in the “Conclusion” of “The
Frederick A. Ober, has just been added to their “Home
Renaissance.” The Scrivener, Mr. L. C. Woodworth,
Reading Books” by Messrs. D. Appleton & Co.
will be glad to furnish book-lovers with further partic-
Two new volumes have appeared in the Scribner edi-
ulars regarding the publication.
tion of Mr. J. W. Riley's writings. They are entitled The “Science Series,” announced by Messrs. G. P.
“ Afterwhiles” and “ Pipes o' Pan at Zekesbury.”
Putnam's Sons, will discuss, in a series of independent
The Autobiography of Charles H. Spurgeon, compiled
monographs, the more important aspects of contempo
from his diary, records, and letters, by his wife and his
rary scientific knowledge. “ The Stars,” by Professor
private secretary, is announced by the Fleming H.
Newcomb; “Earth Structure," by Professor Geikie ;
Revell Co.
“General Ethnography,” by Professor Brinton, and “ The
History of Science,” by Mr. C. S. Pierce, are a few of
Messrs. Ginn & Co. publish a “ Fifth Reader” and a
“ Sixth Reader" in their “ Educational Music Course,"
the score of books already arranged for and announced.
edited by Messrs. L. W. Mason, J. M. McLaughlin,
The managers of the Chicago City Press Association
G. A. Veazie, and W. W. Gilchrist.
have mpiled an invaluable little “ Reporter's Note-
An interesting account of the wonderful Ware collec-
Book," the object of which is “ to call attention to those
tion of Blaschka glass flowers in the Harvard Univer-
errors most frequently found in reportorial copy.”
sity Museum, written by Mr. Franklin B. Wiley, has just
While the work is therefore primarily addressed to the
been published by Mr. Bradlee Whidden.
newspaper reporter, its concisely-written chapters could
be read with profit by anyone who writes for publica-
A text of the “Tablet of Cebes," which offers the
tion. The book is published by Mr. C. A. Whitney,
schoolboy about the easiest Greek he is likely to find,
La Grange, Ill.
has just been edited for educational use by Mr. C. S.
Jerram, and published by the Oxford University Press.
That Cabeza de Vaca, in his long wanderings from
somewhere on the coast of Texas to very near the Cal.
Part I. of Shakespeare's “King Henry IV.," edited
ifornian Gulf, touched New Mexico in 1536, was be-
by Mr. William Aldis Wright, has just been published
lieved only so long as investigation of the matter was
by the Oxford University Press. From the same source
unscientific. Mr. Bandelier, who has no near rival in
we have received “Geometry for Beginners," a very
elementary text-book by Mr. George M. Minchin.
critical knowledge of the documentary "sources,” the
ethnography, and the physical geography involved, years
Still another series of histories of literature is an ago established the general itinerary of the long-suffering
nounced. Mr. T. Fisher Unwin, who planned the “Story Spaniard, and proved definitively that he never saw any
of the Nations” series, will publish the “ Library of portion of what is now New Mexico. Two students of
Literary History," to be made up of volumes upon lines the University of Texas (Miss Brownie Ponton and Mr.
similar to those of the earlier series. “ The Literary B. H. McFarland) attempt, in the January “Quarterly"
History of India,” by Mr. R. W. Frazer, will be the of the State Historical Association, to establish a more
first volume to appear.
northerly route. There is a certain plausibility in some
With the March number the well-known English of their surmises as to unimportant parts of the march
“ Pall Mall Magazine ” begins the publication of an in Texas; but the crux of the matter is merely “Did
American edition, under the management of Mr. A. E. Vaca touch New Mexico ?” Without personal knowl-
Keet, formerly editor of “ The Forum." The contents edge of the Territory, and with scant erudition in its eth-
and illustration of this magazine are of a high character, nology and its Spanish chronicles, they satisfy them-
and it promises to become a formidable rival to our own selves that he did; but the theory is untenable to more
magazines of the first class.
critical investigators. For the determination of a ques-
The Burton Society, recently organized in Denver, tion which is one of the most recondite in early Amer-
proposes to publish, for the benefit of subscribers only, ican history, there needs years of documentary training,
a reprint of Burton's “Arabian Nights,” copied after the of dangerous and difficult exploration, and of ethno-
Benares edition of 1885-88. The sixteen volumes of graphic field-knowledge,-all temporally impossible to
this work will cost the first hundred subscribers ninety any college undergraduate.
dollars each, after which the subscription price will be Mr. W. G. Collingwood has recently printed the fol-
raised to one hundred dollars.
lowing interesting item: “I am glad to say that Mr.
A “ double section” of the “New English Diction Ruskin's health is much as it has been during these later
ary,” extending from Frank-law to Gain-coming, years. He still takes his daily walks, sees his personal
edited by Mr. Henry Bradley, has just made its appear friends, and spends much time in reading. But it does
ance from the Oxford Press. This carries Volume IV. not seem to be understood by the public that his com-
(F. G.) a long step nearer completion. The letter F, parative health depends upon his being kept from all
now done with, contains 13,607 words of all sorts, unnecessary work. He directs his own business, but is
besides 3,459 “obvious combinations."
obliged to decline correspondence, and cannot reply to
99


156
[March 1,
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 46 titles, includes books
received by TAE DIAL since its last issuer]
the many letters which still come asking for his inter-
vention in public matters, or for private advice and
assistance." Canon Rawnsley, who never misses an op,
portunity to pen a sonnet of the anniversary or memorial
sort, has just published the following tribute to Mr.
Ruskin, upon the occasion of the seventy-ninth birthday
of the great art-critic and ethical teacher.
“Born in our monster Babylon, to decree
The blasting of all Babylons — and ordained
To be her avant-courier who has reigned
Longest and best — we give God thanks for thee.
Tho' conquering hosts encompass land and sea,
And men of arms her Empire have maintained,
Thou art her mightiest warrior, thou hast gained
By power of wisdom wider sovereignty.
Wherefore to thee, for whom this day has brought
The golden crown thy eightieth year shall wear,
We bring the tribute of our love and praise,
And borne from far-off centuries we hear
Proud acclamation of the seer who wrought
Undying splendour for Victorian days."
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
March, 1898.
pp. 281.
American Army Maneuvre, An. Franklin Matthews. Harper,
American Graduate Schools. H. Edgren. Educational Rev.
Anatomy and Physiology, The Century's Progress in. Harper.
Andrée's Messenger. Jonas Stadling. Century.
Andrée's Safety. Walter Wellman. McClure.
Anti-Jewish Crusade in France, The. Rev. of Reviews.
Australian Democracy, The. E. L. Godkin. Atlantic.
Austria, Stirring Times in. Mark Twain. Harper.
Bacchylides and his Country. J. Irving Manatt. Atlantic.
Books and the Custom House. Dial.
Boston, Municipal Service of. F. C. Lowell. Atlantic.
"Election Schools” of St. Louis. W. F. Saunders. Rev. of Rev.
England, Social Progress in. Arthur B. Woodford. Dial.
England's Crisis. J. N. Larned. Atlantic.
Fraternalism vs. Paternalism in Government. R. T. Ely. Cen.
French and English Literature. H. D. Sedgwick, Jr. Atlantic.
French Genius in Criticism. G. L. Swiggett. Dial.
Grading and Promotion of Pupils. J.T. Prince. Educat'l Rev.
Grant's Des Moines Speech. J. S. Clarkson, Century.
German Policy regarding Austria and Turkey. Harper.
Japanese Life. K. Mitsukuri. Atlantic.
Klondike, River Trip to. John S. Webb. Century.
Klondike, Rush to. Sam Stone Bush. Rev. of Reviews.
Klondike, Rush to, over the Mountains. E.S. Curtis. Cen.
Klondike, The. Hamlin Garland. McClure.
Lecturers, Eminent, Reminiscences of. Joel Benton. Harper.
Lynch-Law Epidemics, Prevention of. E. L. Pell. Rev. of Rev.
Mammoth Cave, The. John R. Proctor, Century.
Mathematics, Logic of, in Relation to Education. Educat'l Rev.
Mexican Society in 1866. Sara Y. Stevenson. Century.
Mind-Lore, Modern Phases of. Joseph Jastrow. Dial.
National Seminary of Learning, Our. W.J. McGee. Harper.
New England Primer, The. Wallace de Groot Rice. Dial.
Occupation for College Women. Kate H. Claghorn. Educ'l Rev.
Paidology, the Science of the Child. Educational Review,
Painter, America's Earliest. C. H. Hart. Harper.
Races, The Study of. Frederick Starr. Dial.
Reading aloud in Public Schools. S. H. Clark. Educ'l Rev.
School-Fatigue Question in Germany. Educational Review.
Social Pictorial Satire. George du Maurier. Harper.
Songs of American Birds. John Burroughs. Century.
Spain, Modern, A Popular History of. C. H. Cooper. Dial.
Sport, The Encyclopædia of. Dial.
War, In the Wake of a. Julian Ralph. Harper.
Wilson, Richard. John C. Van Dyke. Century.
Women Composers. Rupert Hughes. Century.
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
Auld Lang Syne. By the Rt. Hon. Professor F. Max
Müller. With portrait, 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 325. Charles
Scribner's Sons. $2.
HISTORY.
Report of the Historical Manuscripts Commission of
the American Historical Association. _By J. Franklin
Jameson, Talcott Williams, Frederic J. Turner, and Will-
iam P. Trent. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 650. Government
Printing Office. Paper.
The Neutrality of the American Lakes and Anglo-
American Relations. By James Morton Callahan, Ph.D.
8vo, uncut, pp. 199. “Johns Hopkins University Studies."
Paper, $1.50.
To Teach the Negro History: A Suggestion. By John
Stephens Durham, B.S. 12mo, pp. 48. David McKay.
Paper.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Various Fragments. By Herbert Spencer. 12mo, pp. 209.
D. Appleton & Co. $1.25.
Biblical Quotations in Old English Prose Writers.
Edited by Albert S. Cook, Ph.D. 8vo, uncut, pp. 331.
Macmillan Co. $3.
The Later Renaissance. By David Hannay. 12mo, uncut,
Periods of European Literature." Charles
Soribner's Song. $1.50 net.
Works of James Whitcomb Riley, “Homestead" Edi-
tion. Vols. III, and IV.; each with frontispiece, 12mo,
gilt top, uncut. Charles Scribner's Sons. (Sold only by
subscription.)
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
Complete Works of Horace. Edited by the Very Rev.
E. C. Wickham, D.D. 18mo, uncut, pp. 307. Oxford
University Press. 90 cts. net.
FICTION
The Lion of Janina; or, The Last Days of the Janissaries :
A Turkish Novel. By Maurus Jókai; trans. by R. Nisbet
Bain. 16mo, pp. 295. Harper & Brothers. $1.25.
Soldier Stories. By George Cary Eggleston. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 251. Macmillan Co. $1.50.
Across the Salt Seas: A Romance of the War of Succes-
sion. By John Bloundelle-Burton. 12mo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 446. H. S. Stone & Co. $1.50.
The Red Bridge Neighborhood. By Maria Louise Pool.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 369. Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
The Fight for the Crown. By W.E. Norris. 12mo, pp. 321.
Harper & Brothers. $1.25.
For Love of Country: A Story of Land and Sea in the Days
of the Revolution. By Cyrus Townsend Brady. 12mo,
pp. 354. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25.
Ribstone Pippins: A Country Tale. By Maxwell Gray.
12mo, pp. 148. Harper & Brothers. $i.
The Confession of Stephen Whapshare. By Emma
Brooke. 12mo, pp. 297. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.;
paper, 50 cts.
The Judge. By Elia W. Peattie. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 286.
Rand, McNally & Co. 75 cts.
The Sack of Monte Carlo: An Adventure of To-day. By
Walter Frith. 12mo, pp. 244. Harper & Brothers. $1.25.
A Prince of Mischance. By T. Gallon, 12mo, pp. 294.
D. Appleton & Co. $1.; paper, 50 cts.
An Elusive Lover. By Virna Woods. 16mo, pp. 254.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.
The King of the Town. By Ellen Mackubin, 16mo, pp. 152.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.
The Shorter Stories of Fiona Macleod. Re-arranged, with
additions. In 3 vols., 12mo, uncut. Edinburgh: Patrick
Geddes & Colleagues. Paper.
By Stroke of Sword. By Andrew Balfour. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 326. New York: Truslove & Comba. Paper, 50 ots.
Love Letters: A Romance in Correspondence. By Harold
R. Vynne. With frontispiece, 24mo, gilt top, pp. 170.
New York: Zimmerman's.


1898.)
157
THE DIAL
Ready March 5.
HENRY GEORGE'S
LAST BOOK,
Upon which he devoted the final years of his life,
The Science of
Political Economy
In the Introduction he calls it:
« The science which treats of the nature of wealth
and the laws of its production and distribution; that is
to
say, of matters which absorb the larger part of the
thought and effort of the vast majority of us
GETTING OF A LIVING."
THE
Octavo, Clotb, Gilt Top.
Price, $2.50.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
Hindu Manners, Customs, and Ceremonies. By the Abbé
J. A. Dubois ; trans. from the author's later French MS.
and edited by Henry K. Beauchamp. In 2 vols., with por-
trait, 8vo, uncut. Oxford University Press. $6,50.
THEOLOGY AND RELIGION.
The Sacred Books of the East. Edited by F. Max Müller.
New vols.: Vol. XLIII., The Satapatha - Brâhmana,
Part IV., trans. by Julius Eggeling, $3.25 net.; Vol.
XLVII., Pahlavi Texts, Part V., trans. by E. W. West,
$2.25 net. Each 8vo, unout. Oxford University Press.
The Story of the Christian Church. By George R. Crooks,
D.D. With map, 8vo, pp. 604. Eaton & Mains. $3.50.
God, Nature and Attributes. By Randolph S. Foster, D.D.
8vo, pp. 280. Eaton & Mains. $3.
The New Puritanism: Papers Read during the Semi-
Centennial Celebration of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn.
By various writers; with Introduction by Rossiter W.
Raymond. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 275. Fords, Howard,
& Hulbert. $1.25.
Two Lectures on the "Sayings of Jesus," Recently Dis-
covered at Oxyrhynchus. By Rev. Walter Lock, D.D.,
and Rev. William Sanday, D.D. 12mo, pp. 49. Oxford
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CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 153-157 Fifth Avenue, New York.


160
[March 16,
THE DIAL
HARPER & BROTHERS' NEW BOOKS.
Social Pictorial Satire
The Awakening of a Nation
Reminiscences and Appreciations of English Illus Mexico of To-Day. By CHARLES F. LUMMI8.
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1898.]
161
THE DIAL
Houghton, Mifflin & Co.'s Spring Books.
Caleb West, Master Diver.
Cheerful Yesterdays.
By F. HOPKINSON SMITH, author of “Tom Grogan,” By THOMAS WENTWORTH HIGGINSON. 12mo, $2.00.
“Gondola Days," etc. Finely illustrated, 12mo, $1.50. This book is the very flower of autobiography. It
[Early in April.]
gives in the most attractive manner the most interest-
Caleb West is a phenomenal master diver in the build ing experiences of a singularly interesting life. It de-
ing of a lighthouse, and a very interesting character. scribes Colonel Higginson's boyhood in Cambridge, bis
A bluff and invincible sea captain figures effectively and years and associates in Harvard College, the observa-
picturesquely. The “ever-womanly” element is by no tions and experiences which made him a reformer, the
means lacking; and the story, like “Tom Grogan,” is development of literature and his own literary work in
profoundly alive, thorougbly interesting, and uncom the fifties, the stirring episode of the Kansas conflicts,
monly well illustrated.
and a very modest account of his share in the Civil War.
The intrinsic and varied interest of the book, its noble
Penelope's Progress.
and cheerful tone, and its exquisite literary style give
By KATE DOUGLAS WIGGIN, author of “The Birds'
it an uncommon charm and value.
Christmas Carol,” “ The Story of Patsy,” “A Cathe-
dral Courtship,” « Marm Lisa," etc. 16mo, in unique Unforeseen Tendencies in
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Democracy.
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By EDWIN L. GODKIN, Editor of the New York Nation.
morous, delightful story of “ Penelope's Experiences in
England.” Penelope and her fellow-tourists, Salemina
1 vol., crown 8vo. [In April.]
and Francesca, invade first Edinburgh and then the out-
A book of remarkable value, that should be read and
lying districts, and they take the country and the Scots deeply pondered by all good citizens. In it the aspects
by storm, an indescribable mingling of good sense,
of American political life are stated with explicit frank-
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ions, and tendencies are compared or contrasted with
Tales of the Home Folks in Peace the theories held concerning democratic government by
the Fathers of the Republic.
and War.
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Remus” and “Thimblefinger” stories. With illus Edited by PAUL MEURICE. Second Series. 8vo, $3.00.
trations, crown 8vo, $1.50. [Early in April.]
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A book of stories of interesting adventures and char This Series includes Hugo's letters, when in exile, to
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or just afterwards. They are marked by the keen
many of curious autobiographical and literary interest.
insight and cheerful philosophy which make Mr. Harris's
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These stories take the reader into a field almost en mothers, teachers, and all who have to do with children.
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Tales of Trail and Town.
heard, but few know anything definite. The author is
By BRET HARTE. 16mo, $1.25.
familiarly acquainted with them, their antecedents, their Seven stories, some of them located in California,
condition when they reach this country, their modes of some in Europe, all told with the sure touch and the
life afterward, their views of religion and of life; and literary skill which make Mr. Harte so marvellous a
his book is one of uncommon interest.
story-teller.
From the Other Side.
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The birds are described plainly, and many pictures given.
For sale by booksellers. Sent, prepaid, on receipt of price, by
HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & COMPANY, BOSTON.


162
[March 16,
THE DIAL
LONGMANS, GREEN, & Co.'s NEW BOOKS.
A NEW NOVEL BY STANLEY J. WEYMAN.
SHREWSBURY.
THE LAST ROMANCE OF THE LATE WILLIAM MORRIS.
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CONTENTS: The Life Story of Aner - The Choice - The
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LONGMANS, GREEN, & CO., Publishers, 91-93 Fifth Ave., New York.


1898.]
163
THE DIAL
T. Y. Crowell & Co.'s Spring Announcement.
The Founding of the German Empire by William I.
By HEINRICH VON SYBEL, translated by Helene Schimmelfennig White. Vol. VII., completing the set. 8vo, cloth, gilt top, $2.
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What is Art?
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ADVANCE NOTICE FROM THE LONDON DAILY CHRONICLE.
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suggests, though certainly not more important than his primitive Christian morality, comes to us with greater freshness, and is in more direct
contradiction, not merely to generally recognized practice, but to all modern theories and doctrines oponly and universally proclaimed as to the
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The style is charming, and the suggestiveness of the thought makes it a model manual for the student and general reader who desires a solid
groundwork in French literature.
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.
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FOR SALE BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. SEND FOR CATALOGUE.
THOMAS Y. CROWELL & CO., Publishers, New York and Boston.


164
[March 16,
THE DIAL
J.
B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY'S
Spring Announcement
OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.
Variorum Edition of Shakespeare. Edited by HORACE HOWARD Furness, Ph.D., LL.D.,
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1898.]
165
THE DIAL
F. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY Announce the Publication of an
Important Educational Work, entitled
MAMMALIAN ANATOMY.
A PREPARATION FOR
T:
HUMAN AND COMPARATIVE ANATOMY.
BY HORACE JAYNE, M.D., PH.D.,
Director of the Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology; Professor of Zoology in the University of
Pennsylvania; Fellow of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia and of the American Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Science; Member of the American Philosophical So-
ciety, the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the American
Society of Naturalists, the Association of American Anatomists, etc.
THE SKELETON OF THE CAT.
ITS MUSCULAR ATTACHMENTS, GROWTH, AND VARIATIONS COMPARED WITH
THE SKELETON OF MAN.
Eight Hundred Pages. With over Five Hundred Original Illustrations, and many
Tables. One Volume. Imperial Octavo. Price, Five Dollars.
HIS volume is the first of a series which aims to present a more accurate and more com-
prehensive description of the structure of a typical mammal than has been hitherto
attempted. This treatise may be, therefore, regarded as a monograph on a typical
mammal, and be employed as an introduction to general comparative anatomy; and inasmuch
as in its general scope, in its methods of description, in the prominence given to practical detail
and comparison, and as far as possible in its terminology, it is in accord with the standard text-
books on human anatomy, it may be confidently used in preparation for the study of human
anatomy, especially by those who propose to enter a medical course.
Although the present volume is the first of a series, nevertheless it is complete in itself, and
is an introduction to comparative osteology. While it deals largely with general principles, it
is mainly an exhaustive study of the skeleton of a typical mammal,- the cat,— followed by close
comparisons with the human skeleton. It is based entirely upon original investigations extend-
ing through many years, and is illustrated with a wealth of new and original engravings. Un-
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His latest and brightest. “Mr. Read's new book is fully as capable of successful dramatization as was • The
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Six volumes in a box, $6.00. Each, $1.00. All appropriately illustrated.
For sale at all Bookstores, or sent, postpaid, on receipt of price, by
Laird&Lov, Publishers, 263-65 Wabash Ave., Chicago.
Catalogue, giving particulars as to all books published by us, together with terms to agents, on request.


172
[March 16, 1898.
THE DIAL
NEW
JEW BOOKS
PUBLISHED BY
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.
FRANCE.
JUST READY.
“ The worthy outcome of well-spent years."
“Clear in thought, lucid in expression."
- THE TIMES, London.
-THE STANDARD.
Mr. Bodley gives a concise description of the country, its people, and institutions.
'We have in this work a most lucid, able, impartial, and comprehensive treatment of the political situation in France.
No reader of this work will doubt for one moment that he has before him a competent and genuine survey, by a trained
By John Edward
political thinker, of the situation of the France of to-day so far
Two Vols., Demy 8vo,
as its political conditions are concerned. . It contains an
Courtenay Bodley, M.A.
admirable account of the departments of government, of the
Cloth, $4.00 net.
various parties now in existence, and presents through ever page a most luminous exposition, not alone of the politics, but of
the temper, feeling, and genius of the French people."— The Spectator.
MY LIFE IN TWO HEMISPHERES.
By Sir CHARLES GAVAN DUFFY. In two volumes, with
Portraits.
Medium 8vo, $8.00.
“An autobiographical history of a remarkable career – we should
rather say of two careers as widely separated as are the two hemispheres.
The first ended in failure, and our author left Ireland in despair
the second terminated in his attainment of high office (in Australia].
and in the practical adoption of his policy which still prevails." — The
Athenaeum.
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE.
By GEORG BRANDES. Translated from the Norwegian by
WILLIAM ARCHER. Two vols., Demy 8vo, $8.00 net.
Dr. Georg Brandes's “William Shakespeare" may best be called,
perhaps, an exhaustive critical biography, fully abreast with the latest
English and German researches and criticism. Dr. Brandes has achieved
German thoroughness without German heaviness, and has produced
what must be regarded as a standard work.
A Reference Book for the Beginner, or for the Skilled Gardener.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
GARDEN-MAKING.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
Lessons with Plants. Suggestions for the Utilizing of Home First Lessons with Plants.
Suggestions for Seeing and Interpreting
Grounds.
A Selection of Twenty Lessons Chosen
Some of the Common forms of By Prof. L. H. BAILEY, Professor of
from the Larger Volume.
Vegetation.
Horticulture, Cornell University.
Cloth, 12mo. Price, 40 cts. net.
Cloth, 16mo. Price, $1.00.
12mo, half leather. Price, $1.10 net.
These Lessons are chosen from among
A GUIDE TO DAILY PRACTICE
A series of hints as to the best method
the larger number in “Lessons with
in the Garden, whether that garden be a city Plants,” but each is quite as complete
of teaching botany. Illustrated from backyard or an enclosure of acres. It gives in
and is illustrated in the same way as in
Nature by W. S. Holdsworth, Assistant simple language such information as every man
or woman who attempts to grow a single plant
the fuller volume. The book aims at
Professor of Drawing in the Agricultural
is in need of. No modern American work ex bringing the method within reach of
College of Michigan.
ists which covers this important field.
some who desire a briefer book.
.
Zola's Great Trilogy of the Three Cities. In Three Parts, each two vols., $2.00.
By M. Zola. PARIS.
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“Rome' is a magnificent document on con-
LOURDES.
It is a romance of high and
as its name-giver. Its pages cannot fail to help
temporary facts. It is contem-
ROME.
pure quality. It is a drama,
simply but powerfully unfolded." - WILLIAM
its readers to a truthful picture of the city as
porary history seen through the
eyes of the greatest living reporter." – The
B. CHISHOLM, in the New York Home Journal. it is to-day.”
Evening Sun (New York).
THE PRIDE OF JENNICO.
THE CELEBRITY. By WINSTON CHURCHILL.
BEING THE MEMOIR OF CAPTAIN BASIL JENNICO. By AGNES “One of the best stories that has come from the presses in the last
and EGERTON CASTLE.
six months. The plot is novel, the central
“This novel is an exceptionally clever mixture of wild romance and
idea clever, and the incidents are worked out Cloth, Cr. 8vo, $1.50.
modern psychology, the picturesqueness of
with a degree of skill and good taste that are
Cloth, Cr. 8vo, $1.50. the hero's adventures being handled with no eminently satisfactory. . . . Its quiet humor is one of its best qualities."
legs skill than is expended upon the analysis
- Brooklyn Eagle.
of his emotions. "The Pride of Jennico' is an artistic production, "A decidedly amusing book ! breezy, bright, well-written."- Boston
and it is original."— Now York Tribune.
Budget.
By ROBERT HERRICK.
Cloth, Crown 8vo.
(Nearly Ready.)
THE GOSPEL OF FREEDOM.
Price, $1.50.
The motif is that of personal independence in its appeal especially to the restless, eager, egotistic woman of our new Amer-
ican civilization.
WHERE THE TRADE WIND BLOWS.
By Mrs. SCHUYLER CROWNINSHIELD.
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is a collection of tales descriptive of life in
Cloth, Cr. 8vo, $1.50. the West Indies. . . . But even the shortest
has central idea plot and development; is a
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something fresh and good in fiction." - Evening Telegraph (Phila.).
SOUTHERN SOLDIER STORIES.
By GEORGE CARY EGGLESTON.
“It is a charming little volume of short stories, largely pathetic,
some gay
some founded on events which
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told from hearsay, and they are quite varied
in their motif - Aside from the broad and deep feeling of human sym.
pathy which animates them all."- The Worcester Spy.
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, No. 66 Fifth Avenue, New York.


THE
DIAL
A Semi-fionthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAGB
.
.
.
.
o
No. 282. MARCH 16, 1898. Vol. XXIV. days of common school education we are all
readers to an extent of which our forefathers
CONTENTS.
never dreamed, and the average man, who is
neither author, publisher, nor bookseller, feels
THE PLIGHT OF THE BOOKSELLER
• 173 instinctively that his own notions of what is
ENGLISH CORRESPONDENCE. Temple Scott 175 proper should count for a good deal in any
AN EXPONENT OF PRE-RAPHAELISM. John C. matter which places the cost of books at stake.
Van Dyke
177 In this respect, as in so many others, the great
A FRENCH CRITIC'S STUDY OF WORDS public is apt to disregard the nicer ethical con-
WORTH. Anna B. McMahan .
179 siderations involved in the discussion, and to
MARRIAGE CUSTOMS IN MANY LANDS.
insist upon the cheapest books he can get re-
Merton L. Miller
181 gardless of the ways in which they may be
WORLDS NOT REALIZED. Edward E. Hale, Jr. 182
cheapened for him. In our own country we
SOME RECENT FOREIGN FICTION. William
had abundant opportunity to realize the force
Morton Payne
of this sentiment during our long struggle for
184
Sienkiewicz's Hania. - Nordau's The Drones Must the embodiment of common honesty in the copy-
Die. – Xenos’ Andronike. — Zola's Paris. -Jokai's
right laws, and just now we realize it anew in
The Lion of Janina.—Coulevain's American Nobility.
contemplation of the opposition to which an
RECENT BOOKS OF TRAVEL. Hiram M. Stanley 186
important reform in our postal regulations has
Mark Twain's Following the Equator.- Paton's Pic-
turesque Sicily. - Palmer's Going to War in Greece.
had to succumb.
- Bacon's Benin, the City of Blood. – Barrows's A
The English agitation of this question takes
World Pilgrimage. — Davis's A Year from a Repor-
its origin in the sufferings of the bookseller, from
ter's Note-Book.– Thwaites's Afloat on the Ohio.-
Willoughby's Across the Everglades. — Vivian's
whom there arises a bitter cry of lessened pro-
Servia, the Poor Man's Paradise. - Younghusband's fits and lowered prestige. It all comes from
South Africa of To-day. - Mrs. Bishop's Korea and
her Neighbors.
the current discount of twenty-five per cent
from the published prices of books, a discount
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
189
A very candid Irish traveller in America. - Biblio-
forced by keen competition and now so firmly
graphy and numismatics. – Mr. Jabberjee, B.A. established by custom that it seems like a part
Clark Russell's views of the British Navy.- A critic
of the English Constitution. We will cheer-
not to be desired. - Another attractive bird-book. -
The materials of American history. - Monuments of
fully give you two pence in the shilling, says
ruined cities of Mexico.- A pot-pourri from Professor the aggrieved bookseller, but to give three
Max Müller. - A hero of old Spain. - An abdicated
Spanish King.
is to take the bread from our mouths.
pence
Striking figures are presented in behalf of this
BRIEFER MENTION.
194
plea, as in the case of one respected represen-
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF SPRING BOOKS.
. 194
tative of the trade, who shows that an annual
LITERARY NOTES
200 turnover of three thousand pounds with a two
penny discount will yield a greater profit than
a turnover of ten thousand pounds under the
THE PLIGHT OF THE BOOKSELLER.
conditions now existing. The publishers, for
For some months now a three-sided discus their part, claim that they would gladly help
sion of the most heated and acrimonious sort the booksellers to a decent living, but are quite
has been going on in England with regard to the helpless to do so, since the large dealers are
mutual relations of the author, the publisher, satisfied to allow a three penny discount, and
and the bookseller. Not only are the trade the small dealers are forced to follow suit. But
journals and the periodical organs of the spe- no, say the boooksellers, just see how they do
cial interests concerned filled with pleas and things in Germany. In that happy land, deal-
arguments upon the several phases of this com ers are forced to accept a discount based upon
plex problem, but the debate has established a an equitable consideration of the interests of
firm foothold in the columns of the daily news both parties, because the publishers would cut
paper and the pages of the popular magazine. short the supplies of any bookseller who should
It is indeed a question in wbich the general violate this agreement by underselling his fel-
public has a legitimate interest, for in these I low-tradesmen. Our safety is in the trust and
.
.
.
.


174
[March 16,
THE DIAL
same.
the boycott, and we call upon you to aid us in per
” will continue to watch for 6 bargains,"
fastening these beneficent limitations upon our whether in books or in fine raiment, and is not
trade. Very well, say the publishers, only we easily persuaded to pay more for a given article
must get the assent of the authors also, for with than he must, or to contemplate the indirect
out them our efforts would prove futile. The consequences of his purchase when the direct
author is thus dragged into the dispute, but, to and tangible advantage is so evident. More
the dismay of the bookseller, proves recalci- over, the modern book-buying public is to a
trant. What I want, he says in substance to the considerable extent a new public, created by
bookseller, is the largest possible sale for my the department store and the bargain counter.
works, and so does my publisher, since his pro- It would never have found its way at all into
fit and my royalty are in strict proportion to the real bookstore, and its acquisitions in the
these sales. You, on the other hand, given way of literature are made in delightful ignor-
your additional penny, would be better off, on ance of the commodity which it is buying. It
your own showing, were you to sell less than will proudly bear away its purchases of gaudy
half as many books. I know that I am tra fabrications in cheap paper and muslin entirely
ditionally incompetent in matters of business, unconscious of the fact that these things are
but I am not so guileless as all that. The pres not books in any real sense of the term, and
ent arrangement suits me quite well, and in en. will joy in the possession of, say, the “works "
deavoring to upset it I should be working of Goethe (five volumes, price $1.79) without
against my own interests. In this seemingly the least suspicion that the “works” of Goethe
hopeless impasse the discussion stands. do not exist in the English language. To the
In our own country, the problem is slightly book-lover, on the other hand, and to the book.
different, although in its essentials much the buyer of the old-fashioned sort, these things
With us, the authors, for lack of any and the marts in which they are dispensed by
organization corresponding to what obtains in unlettered counter-jumpers are an abomination.
England, do not form a third party to the dis. He, at least, knows the difference between books
cussion, which is thus reduced to a struggle made to read and keep and books made, like
between publishers and booksellers. The bug. the spectacles in the familiar story, " to sell”; he
bear of the latter is not the regular discount also knows that the cut prices of books in the dry
allowed everywhere by honest retailers, but the goods stores are not (with an occasional excep-
department store with its cut prices, its prompt tion) cut so very much after all, and that in such
turnover, and its efficient organization. The stores the books that the serious reader really
very striking statement was recently made that wants are never by any possibility to be found.
one of these stores, on account of its advantage The bookstore, then, may be said still to re-
over the ordinary bookseller in the concession tain the greater part of its old clientèle, but the
of from two to six per cent for short time pay- fact remains that it ought to attract the new
ments, could afford to retail an invoice of books class of book-buyers also, yet that somehow it
“ for the net cost of the bill and still leave a does not attract them. The elementary eco-
profit.” At such a statement the mere book-nomic forces by which society is swayed are
seller may well hold up his hands in despair, pulling hard against the self-respecting book-
and look for some other means of making a seller, and more and more placing at a disad-
living. Practically, he is forced to do one of vantage the intelligence which he seeks to re-
two things : either retire from a business sub tain in the conduct of his business and the con.
ject to this sort of competition, or himself be- science which the self-respecting publisher puts
come a department store on a small scale by into the manufacture of his product. Now these
adding bicycles, and cigars, and patent medic economic forces are hard things to fight against;
cines to his stock in trade.
they are certainly not to be combated success-
The public is to some extent at fault for this fully by repressive legislation, as some book-
state of things, and the principle that every act sellers foolishly seem to wish, while such com-
of purchase is freighted with ethical and social binations in restraint of trade as are here and
responsibilities is no doubt a sound one; but there suggested are likely either to prove simply
consumers' leagues and other devices for bet- futile or so to outrage the moral sense (exhib-
tering the condition of production and exchange ited in our notions of fair play and freedom of
do not seem likely to accomplish very much, individual action) as to defeat their own pur-
and rarely convince purchasers who are not pose. Measures of the first class surely cannot
more than half convinced already. The “shop- l be countenanced by intelligent persons, while


1898.]
175
THE DIAL
measures of the second class embody a wisdom important works of fiction have already been issued,
almost equally dubious. What then remains ? such as Mr. Anthony Hope's “ Simon Dale,” Mr. Stan-
The answer may not be a very satisfactory one,
ley Weyman's “Shrewsbury," and Dr. Conan Doyle's
“ Tragedy of the Korosko”; but much yet remains ere
but it seems to be the only one left. Economic the holidays come on. So that you may be better able
forces all have their origin in the mind, and flow to study the titles, I give them classified, with our pub-
from the ideas and desires of human beings. It lishers' names in parentheses.
is hopeless to oppose them by violent means,
In Theology we have nothing supremely important.
A great talk is being made of the new translation of
but it is not impossible to transform them by
the Bible, called the “Polychrome Bible”; but as the
educational processes. The advance of civiliza work is edited and sub-edited by two of your own
tion does react upon these forces to very
de scholars, you will, no doubt, know all about it. Al-
cided effect, and every year finds more and
ready three volumes have been issued. One curious
more minds prepared to receive the important James Clarke & Co. and Mr. David Nutt, are both ad-
part about the publication of it is that two firms, Messrs.
truth that the cheapest ways of doing things vertising it largely, the latter not so much as the former.
are not always the most desirable ways. This Messrs. Hutchinson announce “ The Origin and Nature
truth once realized, its translation into eco of Man," by Dr. S. B. G. McKinney, and Messrs.
nomic action is a comparatively simple matter.
Bell; “One Thousand Years of Church History," by
Rev. L. 0. Asplen. Messrs. Hodder & Stoughton's
Its concrete application to the case now in hand
Expositor's Bible" will be completed by the issue of
may be stated very briefly. A good book-store, the 49th volume, called “The Book of the Twelve
stocked with serious literature, and conducted Prophets.”
by people who know something of the books History and Biography furnish a fair number of aver-
they sell, is a civilizing agency of the highest
age quality ; but none of the books promises anything
very exciting: “Mr. Gregory's Letter-Box, 1813-30,"
importance to every community. It ranks with edited by Lady Gregory (Smith, Elder & Co.);“ Memoir
the public library and the local high school or of Henry Whitehead," by Canon Rawnsley (Macmillan);
college. That such a book-store should be found “ Notes from a Diary, 1873–81," by Sir Mountstuart
in every sizable town and that every great city
Grant Duff, 2 vols. (Murray); “Memorials of an
should have a number of them are propositions
Eighteenth Century Painter (James Northcote)," by
Stephen Gwynn (Unwin); “ Paul Kruger and his
that win without argument the assent of all in Times," by F. R. Statham (Unwin); “Shelley: a Mono-
telligent people. That it is difficult if not im- graph,” by Dr. Guido Biagi (Unwin); “Masters of
possible for them to exist under the conditions
Medicine series (Unwin), “Sir J. Y. Simpson,
« William Stokes,” and “Edward Jenner”; “Build-
of present competition and of present public
ers of Greater Britain” series (Unwin), “John and
sentiment is a statement sadly true. That arti Sebastian Cabot,” and “ Edward Gibbon Wakefield."
ficial measures for the rehabilitation of the old « The Later Renaissance," by David Hannay (Black-
time bookseller are foredoomed to failure is the woods).
outcome of all sound ethical and economic rea-
The class of books known as Travels includes quite
soning. We must then look for a better state
a long list of really promising works. In addition to
the expected accounts of Mr. Landor in Thibet and Mr.
of affairs, on the part of the public, to a more Fitzgerald on the Andes, which may be postponed un-
genuine popular education, a broader enlighten til the autumn, we are promised immediately: “ With
ment concerning the usefulness of books, a Peary Near the Pole," by Eîvind Astrup (Pearson);
greater willingness to bear small burdens for
“ The Yukon Territory," by W. H. Dall, G. M. Daw-
the attainment of large ends; and, on the part Cats: Travels and Adventures in the Gold-Fields of
son, and J. J. Ogilvie (Downey); “Wealth and Wild
of the bookseller, more patience under adverse Australia and New Zealand,” by Raymond Ratelyffe
influences, a broader view of the economic prob (Downey); “ British Columbia for Settlers," by Frances
lems with which he is confronted, and a greater
Macnal (Chapman & Hall); “Zanzibar and Pemba:
Travels in the Coast Lands of British East Africa," by
alertness to impress the public with the need-
W. W. A. Fitzgerald (Chapman & Hall); “ Egypt in
fulness of his own peculiar social function. the Nineteenth Century," by Donald "A. Cameron
(Smith, Elder); “Through South Africa," by H. M.
Stanley (Low); “Through the Gold Fields of Alaska,"
by Harry De Windt (Chatto & Windus); “ Through
ENGLISH CORRESPONDENCE.
the Famine Districts of India," by F. H. S. Merewether
(A.D. Innes); “ Ireland — '98 to '98,” by J. O'Connor
London, March 1, 1898.
Morris (Innes); “ Through Persia on a Side Saddle,”
The season has commenced with a rush, and business by Ella C. Sykes (Innes); “ Through the High Pyre-
is moving in dead earnest. Publishers are now engaged nees," by Harold Spender and Llewellyn Smith (Innes);
in preparing their “ Spring Announcement" lists; and “ Five Years in Siam,” by H. Warington Smyth, 2 vols.
although these are not all yet to hand, I think I can (Murray); “ Through Unknown Tibet,” by Capt. M. S.
give you sufficient information now to put you on a foot Welby (Unwin); “ The Jew, the Gypsy, and El-Islam,"
ing of equality with ourselves in that respect, by the by Capt. Sir Richard Burton (Hutchinson); a new edi-
time this reaches you. Of course, a few of the more tion, with Introduction by Stanley Lane Poole, of Bur-


176
[March 16,
THE DIAL
ton's famous “ Pilgrimage to Meccah and El-Madinah," by Capt. C. Clarke. Messrs. Hutchinson & Co. have in
(Bell).
preparation": “Woman and the Shadow," by Arabella
There are no important Art Books, unless I make Kenealy; “ The Prince's Diamond,” by E. H. Beaman;
exceptions of “The Bases of Design,” by Walter Crane and “Wyndham's Daughter,” by Annie S. Swan. The
(Bell), just published, and a fine work on “Charles the one novel of which Messrs. Blackwood & Co. make a
First,” by Sir John Skelton, announced by Bussod, Val- special point is, “ A Forgotten Sin,” by Dorothea Ger-
ladon & Co. The rest are mainly new editions: “Art ard. Mr. Heinemann has already published most of his
and Life of William Morris,” by Aymer Vallance (Bell); stories; there are left but two important volumes to ap-
“Lord Leighton: his Life and Work,” by Ernest Rhys, pear: “The Scourge Stick," by Mrs. Campbell-Praed,
edited by Gleeson White (Bell); “The Pilgrim's Pro and « The Dreamers of the Ghetto,” by I. Zangwill.
gress,” edited by Rev. H. R. Haweis, and illustrated by Smith, Elder & Co. announce: “Senorita Montenar," by
G. W. Rhead, F. A. Rhead, and Louis Rhead (Pear A. P. Crouch; “The Ambition of Judith," by Olive Bir-
son); “ English Portraits,” by Will Rothenstein (Grant rell. Messrs. Innes & Co. have the following on their list:
Richards). A fine work on the paintings of the por “Children of the Mist,” by Eden Phillpotts; “Sunlight
traits of Christ will be “ Rex Regum," by Sir Wyke and Limelight," by Francis Gribble; "The Indiscretions
Bayliss (Bell); the book is to be most extensively illus of Lady Asenath," by Basil Thomson; “A Woman's
trated from the pictures of the best masters.
Privilege,” by Marguerite Bryant; “ The Island of the
Every season brings us its quota of works on Sport, Seven Shadows,” by Roma White; “The St. Cadix
and among these may be now mentioned: “Encyclo Case," by Esther Miller. Mr. T. Fisher Unwin's “Cen-
pedia of Sport,” Vol. II. (Lawrence & Bullen); “ Isth-tury "edition of Scott's novels in twenty-five small fools-
mian Library” (Innes): "Rowing," by R. C. Lehmann; cap volumes is to sweep the market for Scott.
“ Figure Skating,” by M. S. Monies Williams; “The Among the Miscellaneous classifications I note: “ Es-
World of Golf," by Garden Smith; "Sailing Boats and says," by Leslie Stephen, 2 vols. (Duckworth); “Side
Small Yachts," by E. F. Knight; “ The Deer of All Ligbts on Siberia," by J. Y. Simpson (Blackwoods);
Lands,” by R. Lyddeker; “ History of the Bramham “ Songs of England," by Alfred Austin (Macmillan);
Moor Hunt,” by W. S. Dixon; “Dumb Bells,” by F. Graf Swift's Prose Works (10 vols.), Vols. III. and IV.,
(Bell); and" Cycle Touring," by A. W. Rumney (Bell). edited by Temple Scott (Bell); Bishop Berkeley's
As is usual with “Spring publications,” by far the Works (3 vols.), Vols. II. and III., edited by George
larger proportion of them belong to fiction. This year, Sampson (Bell); Collier's “ Annals of the Stage" (2
the novels promise to be of more than the average num vols.) (Bell); “ Quatrains of Omar Khayyam," trans-
ber, and quite of the average quality. M. Zola's « Paris" lated by John Payne (Villon Society); “Our Foods and
has, of course, been delayed owing to the implication of Drinks,” by Dr. Andrew Wilson (Pearson); “The
the author with the Dreyfus case; and “Iota's” « Poor Great French Triumvirate,” translations from Molière,
Max” (Hutchinson), has just been issued and received Racine, and Corneille, by Thomas Constable (Downey);
as the best work Mrs. Mannington Caffyn has yet writ “Mad Humanity," by S. Forbes Winslow (Pearson);
ten. It would take one too long to go through each “ The London Lover's Enchiridion," edited by Wilfrid
item separately, and, indeed, the greater number might Whitten (Grant Richards); “The Construction of Ma-
not be worth the trouble; so that I will simply list them: rine Boilers," by L. S. Robertson and Sir W. White
“ Lady Jezebel,” by Fergus Hume (Pearson); “The (Murray); «Railway Construction,” by W. H. Mills
Master Key,” by Florence Warden (Pearson); “The (Longmans); Brunètiere's “ Essays in French Litera-
Virgin of the Sun," by George Griffith (Pearson); ture,” translated by D. Nichol Smith (Unwin); “ Karl
“ The Rev. Annabel Lee,” by Robert Buchanan (Pear Marx and the Close of bis System," by E. V. Böhm-
son); “ The Keepers of the People," by Edgar Jepson Bawerk, translated by Alice M. Macdonald (Unwin).
(Pearson). In their "Latter-Day Stories,” Messrs. As I am finishing this letter, Messrs. Methuen's list
Pearson announce: “Van Wagner's Ways,” by W. L. comes to hand; and from it I find that they are to pub-
Alden, "An Egyptian Coquette,” by Clive Holland, " In lish the following works on Africa: “ Three Years in
Male Attire,” by Joseph Hatton, “ An Episode in Ar Savage Africa,” by Lionel Decle; “ Campaigning on the
cady,” by Halliwell Sutcliffe, “ Trincolox," by Douglas Upper Nile and Niger," by Lieut. Seymour Vandelear;
Sladen, “ A Russian Vagabond," by Fred Whishaw, “Niger Sources,” by Colonel Trotter;" With the Mash-
“From Veld and Mine," by George Griffith. Messrs. onaland Field Force, 1896," by Lieut.-Col. Alderson.
F. V. White & Co. have“ nearly ready”: “ The Peace Mr. John Murray also announces five new volumes of
makers,” by John Strange Winter; “Scribes and Phar his “University Extension Manuals"; these are: “In-
isees," by W. Le Queux; “ Little Miss Prim," by Flor troduction to Physical Science,” by Prof. John Cox;
ence Warden; “The House of Mystery,” by Richard “ The English Poets from Blake to Tennyson,” by Rev.
Marsh; and “Blanche Coningham's Surrender," by Stopford Brooke; “ History of Astronomy,” by Arthur
Jean Middlemass. Mr. Grant Richards has three im Berry;“ History of Education," by Principal Donaldson;
portant novels: “The Wheel of God," by George Eg and “Introduction to Philosophy,” by Prof. W. Knight.
erton; “A True Heart,” by Frederick Breton; and Sir Walter Besant's “The Changeling” will not be
“Convict 99," by Marie Connor and Robert Leighton. issued until the autumn; the story has first to run a
In addition to these, he is preparing a very beautiful serial course in “Chapman's Magazine.” Serial publi-
édition de luxe of the novels of Jane Austen, to be issued cation will defer the book issues of the stories by
in a limited edition, and in style like the “ Edinburgh" H. Seton Merriman, Stanley Weyman, A. Conan Doyle,
Stevenson. Messrs. Downey & Co. have, of course, the S. R. Crockett, and one or two others, which have
continuing volumes of their “ Illustrated Edition" of already been announced. I learn that Mr. Harold Fred-
the novels of Charles Lever, and the “Wormeley" eric has just finished what he considers a very powerful
Balzac in 40 volumes. They also announce: “In the novel. Its title has not yet been fixed; but, in any case,
Promised Land," by Mary Anderson; “Bruising Peg," it will not appear before the autumn.
by Paul Creswick; “ The Story of an Ocean Tramp,”
TEMPLE SCOTT.


1898.]
177
THE DIAL
illustrations. What artistic quality the work
The New Books.
possesses lies in the illustrations; and it is with
them that popular interest will be chiefly con-
cerned.
AN EXPONENT OF PRE-RAPHAELISM.*
One may as well acknowledge at the start
It is many years since Miss Francesca Alex that Miss Alexander has done her work with
ander first became known in the art world as sincerity, and that she has spared neither time
a person of pen-and-ink importance. So far nor labor to make it beautiful. The spirit she
back as 1855, Mr. Motley admired her draw. brought to it was conscientious and sympathetic.
ings with some extravagance
of statement; and Indeed, Mr. Ruskin thought her peculiar art
much later, when Mr. Ruskin chanced to meet gift was sympathy—“the gift of truest expres-
her in Florence and saw her work, he made sion of feelings serene in their rightness.” The
haste to place her among the immortals with frontispiece drawing to the “Story of Ida," one
Holman Hunt and others of the Pre-Raphaelite of Miss Alexander's earlier books, shows infi-
faith. The immediate cause of Mr. Ruskin's nite tenderness and feeling, and it is not to be
admiration was a portfolio of 109 drawings in wondered at that one of Mr. Ruskin's faith
pen-and-ink, illustrating and decorating the should be allured by the spirit of the worker.
songs of the Tuscan peasantry. He took these Still, he was not wholly blinded. He admitted
drawings with him to England, talked about that Miss Alexander had faults, but thought
them in his Oxford lectures, presented a num them more than atoned for by the virtue of sin-
ber of them to the university, to St. George's cerity. And that is quite true ; but Mr. Rus-
Museum, and to other schools where he lec kin was hardly the right one to say it. For the
tured. Twenty or more of the plates were faults of Miss Alexander's drawing were of his
photographed at the time, and, with Miss Alex. planting. It was his writing and teaching that
ander's translations and Mr. Ruskin's editorial led her into error. He says evidently intend-
comments, they made up the book of 1884 ing it in commendation — that her work is dis-
called “ Roadside Songs of Tuscany." Since
Since tinguished by the faculty and habit of realiza-
then, photographic processes have been so much tion which belongs to all Pre-Raphaelism.”
improved that it has been possible to reproduce Yes; and what a pity! That is the error of it
all of the original plates line for line. This has the error of Pre-Raphaelism, and Mr. Rus-
been recently done in photogravure, by Messrs. kin, and Miss Alexander. And it all came about
Houghton, Mifflin & Co., and the result is the from a misconception of the early Italian paint-
complete and very handsome quarto of 1897 ers — the painters before Raphael. It was dis-
called “ Tuscan Songs.
covered (let us say, for the sake of argument,
For the songs themselves, and their transla- by Mr. Ruskin) that these painters had a won-
tion by Miss Alexander, there is little now to derful charm of sincerity and honesty in their
be said except in praise. The poetry of them paintings, that they convinced one by their
- their lyric element is not great; but they truth, their frankness, their earnestness of
are the records of faith, hope, and sentiment statement. It was also discovered that they
among the Tuscan peasantry, and Miss Alex did everything, from high to low, with an ex-
ander has brought them together believing that acting detail, making much of flowers and
the best of them should be preserved. The ex grasses, and dwelling long upon such things as
amples given are but the siftings from many patterns, brocades, and jewels. Immediately
hundreds of songs heard and remembered in the conclusion was jumped at that the fine
Tuscany, where Miss Alexander has spent the spirit of a Botticelli or a Carpaccio was the re-
greater part of her life. Some of them were sult of a “loving care " in the handling of de-
taught her by Beatrice Bernardi of Pian degli tail. Then it was further concluded that the
Ontani — a local improvisatrice — and others spirit could be regained by the moderns if they
came to her at odd times and in strange ways.
would but take the detail with the same “ lov-
The music to them was written by Signora Ses- ing care.” The result was Pre-Raphaelism in
tilia Poggiali; and Miss Alexander, after the England, with Holman Hunt, Millais, and Ros-
task of translation, put her pen at work beautify- setti as disciples, Mr. Ruskin as prophet, and,
ing the pages with initials, borders, and full-page far on the outside of the circle, such people as
Miss Alexander taking an impulse from the
*TUSCAN SONGS. Collected, translated, and illustrated by
Francesca Alexander. One hundred and nine photogravures
movement.
from the original designs. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. The early Italians, it may be said, painted
up


178
[March 16,
THE DIAL
in detail, not necessarily because they loved and the head of the Rich Man are minutely
detail as such, but because they could not by done, but the head does not fit the body, and
any chance paint in any other way. It is char the figures do not fit the courtyard where they
acteristic of youth that it sees things in the are supposed to be standing. Of course Miss
part before it grasps or comprehends them as Alexander, like her master, scorns all the studio
a whole. Every beginner paints the leaves teachings of subordination, of values, of the
upon the tree before he understands the mean relations of light and dark. She is seeking
ing or significance of the forest. In other truth, not studio devices ; but does she attain
words, the power of generalization is not given it? Yes; she gains the small truths of leaf and
to either the youthful painter or the youth wrinkle and eyelash, but she loses the great
ful race. The fifteenth century Italians painted truth of unity. One might go on, and suggest
in a small way because they were immature. that in Plate 33 she has given figures and a
When the race and the art reached an apo room, but not a room with figures; that Plate 42
gee with Titian at Venice, the manner of see shows figures and a landscape, but not a land-
ing and painting was wholly changed. Nature scape with figures. In almost all of the larger
was summarized and synthesized ; the great compositions the insubordinate prominence of
truths were given, and the small details were the petty features hurts the unity of the mass.
subordinated.
Notice the wall under the window in Plate 61,
But Mr. Ruskin has never recognized the how it comes forward out of the picture; and
immaturity of the detail view, and he has more in Plate 88, how the whole room falls to pieces
than once scolded himself red in the face over to give place to the figures. There is an imp
the studio doctrine of subordination. As for of compensation that follows minute realization.
his disciples, most of the Pre-Raphaelites aban You may gain the surface but lose the sub-
doned the brotherhood and its small realism at stance, gain a figure but lose the room, gain a
an early day; and from those, like Holman bush but lose the landscape.
Hunt, who have clung to the faith, there has And yet, when one has had his fling at Pre-
resulted only incomplete work. This was to be Raphaelism he may be very far from thinking
expected. For all art movements that try to the work of its exponents wholly worthless.
turn the world backward by reproducing past One may find fault with Miss Alexander's
art usually seize upon the shortcomings and drawing for its want of knowledge or its abund-
mannerisms of the imitated. Pre-Raphaelism ance of bias, and yet see much to be admired
was no exception. It persistently grasped at in her book of illustrations. Certainly its best
the detail and consistently lost the ensemble. quality is the spirit with which it is imbued ;
This is Miss Alexander's crying fault, and yet, but, aside from that, there are many small
paradoxical as it may sound, it is her technical decorative features of much beauty.
The
virtue. Detail is not objectionable in such flowers, stems, and vines woven between the
things as a branch, a flower, a vine ; and Miss lettered text are excellent in every way, and
Alexander shows us by the spray of blossoms remind one of the fine illustrations by Mr.
in the half-title to her book how really beautiful Ruskin made so many years ago for “ Modern
it may be when set apart by itself. But a car Painters.” In themselves these are quite suffi-
rying out of this detail in a tree would result cient to carry the book and give it more than
in something of metal-like rigidity having no a passing interest. The frontispiece, showing
possible relation to the earth, air, or sky. And a single portrait figure, is also exceptionally
Pre-Raphaelism insisted upon carrying out the vital; and there are a number of large illus-
principle of detail in every kind of composition. trations, such as Plates 59, 91, and 101, of
Miss Alexander shows it to us in Plate 84, unusual charm. One may differ with the prin-
representing the Child lying upon a heap of
which the work is done without ques-
hay. The hay is drawn line upon line with tioning either the spirit or the ability of the
minute precision, and as a result it has no elas worker. Pre-
Pre-Raphaelism was both a success
ticity about it. It is, in fact, as hard as wire. and a failure. It started on a wrong principle,
In Plate 29, showing the Madonna and the but worked out its own salvation by dint of
Rich Man, there is no end of detail lavished native ability and industry. The same thing
upon the pots and the plants at the right; but might be said of both Mr. Ruskin and his pro-
the relation between the foreground, middle tégée, Miss Alexander.
distance, and background, is lost. The hair
JOHN C. VAN DYKE.
ciple upon


1898.]
179
THE DIAL
WORTH.*
the poem
his exceptionally favored lot in life. M. Le-
A FRENCH CRITIC'S STUDY OF WORDS-
gouis, however, reminds us that Wordsworth's
lot was not in itself propitious, but the reverse;
In his preface to “ The Excursion,” Words and reveals to us that his happiness and optim-
worth alludes to a previous, though unpub ism were due to the conscious action of the will,
lished, poem of his own as “ biographical, and and to deliberate choice, — that, indeed, he
conducting the history of the author's mind to affords a most conclusive example of the power
the point when he was emboldened to hope that of the will over the formation of ideas and the
his faculties were sufficiently matured for enter-ordering of existence. Having resolved to be
ing upon the arduous labor which he had pro- happy, and having arrived at a clear perception
posed to himself” (in writing “The Recluse,'
of the necessary means, Wordsworth held with
of which “ The Excursion was to stand as the
invincible tenacity to that line of life and
second portion). Hesitating to lay before the thought which in his opinion must lead to hap-
public anything which dwelt at such length piness. In order to attain this end, he employed
with his own experience, until such time as his all his individual gifts, his rare powers of mind,
apparent self-glorification should have been
his genius even, and his insight into nature;
justified by the completion of "The Recluse,” and to this extent there is an incommunicable
alluded to 66 The Prelude element in his method. But it is the effort, the
although written in its author's prime, was unflinching resistance to despondency, that con-
not published until after his death, fifty years stitutes the great moral lesson of his life; a
later.
lesson which, in spite of differences in individ-
In general, critics have assumed the reader's ual capacity, is of general applicability. From
knowledge of this unique autobiographical a literary point of view, also, the work is in-
poem. A Frenchman, Monsieur Emile Lego- structive as explaining Wordsworth's isolated
uis, believing that its import has not been suffi-
position amidst a murmuring and rebellious
ciently recognized by Wordsworth's own coun-
generation. Reviewing the well-known facts of
trymen, finds in the poem the material for a Wordsworth's life, our critic finds them melan-
more intelligent understanding of Words- choly rather than enviable.
worth's character and inner life than has before
« Can a man be reckoned a favorite of fortune when
been made. He undertakes to give as com he has lost his mother during his eighth year, and his
plete an account of it as direct quotation, sup father at sixteen; when he has been arbitrarily deprived
plemented by analysis, can convey ; to explain
of his inheritance, has had to endure a humiliating exist-
ence under the roof of stern and narrow-minded grand-
or amplify it by means of all the obtainable evi-
parents, and for years has been coldly treated by his
dence in the shape of Wordsworth's other
relations on account of his indolence, his obstinacy, and
poems, together with his own and his friends' his refusal to embark upon any of the safe careers sug-
correspondence; to determine the allusions, and gested to him; when he is kept apart from the sister he
to assign to each particular fact its full impor-
loves beyond everything else, apparently from fear that
she may become contaminated by his disobedience and
tance by giving a suitable account of its relations
his subversive opinions; when he entrusts all his dreams
to history. A few chapters in conclusion are of happiness to the French Revolution, only to see them
given to an analysis of the work of Words borne under in the tempest, and loses not only his respect
worth's maturity; but in the main the work is, as
and love for his native country, but all hope of progress
as well; when, meanwhile, his existence is so straitened,
its title indicates, devoted to "The Early Life of
so penurious even, and so utterly without promise for the
William Wordsworth,” ending with his twenty-morrow, that he is compelled to pospone indefinitely his
eighth year,
the period covered by “The union with his sister's friend, that maiden, chosen long
Prelude.” It is a highly interesting study, is
ago, and now beloved, whom he knows not whether he
ably translated by Mr. J. W. Matthews, and
can ever make his wife ?"
makes a volume of nearly five hundred octavo The real theme of “ The Prelude,” according
pages.
to M. Legouis, is the wonderful way in which
Scarcely any English poet has been the sub- the man contrived to profit by circumstances in
ject of so frequent or so voluminous criticism themselves either indifferent, or favorable and
as William Wordsworth. Beginning with unfavorable by turns, so as to attain to a joyous
DeQuincey, most of these have agreed in assign- harmony of all his faculties. It is less a nar-
ing Wordsworth's optimistic habit of mind to rative than a study of origins ; less the history
of a man than a philosophy of a mind. Far
THE EARLY LIFE OF WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, 1770-1798.
A Study of "The Prelude." By Emile Legouis, New York:
from being egoistic, it is broadly human ; the
Charles Scribner's Sons.
poet chooses himself for hero simply because he


180
[March 16,
THE DIAL
can fathom no other soul so deeply, because which began between these two men while both
there is no other from which he could derive so were in their early twenties was as opportune
many fresh and indubitable truths.
as it was beneficial.
It was Coleridge who
Moreover, Wordsworth’s biography becomes provided, or rather assisted, Wordsworth to find
almost an inward bistory of his generation. To the only thing still needful to make him the
learn how, in his case, manhood was developed poet he finally became, namely, a philosophy.
out of early youth, is to learn how the nine. Soon the two young men felt that each was
teenth century was born from the eighteenth, necessary to the other, and they established
so different, yet with so manifest a family residences within easy walking distance, for the
likeness.
sake of daily intercourse. The story from this
The moral crisis of Wordsworth's life came, on is more familiar, yet some fresh insight is to
as it did for so many of his contemporaries, in be gathered even here. Coleridge, in his Bio-
connection with the progress of the French graphia Literaria, has already made us famil-
Revolution. The visions of approaching uni iar with the principal incidents which led
versal happiness which flashed before men's to their attempts and failures at collaboration.
eyes in 1789 were speedily converted into dis M. Legouis shows that notwithstanding their
cord. Elements which it had seemed possi utter inability to work with each other, each
ble to reconcile were discovered to be radically worked best for the other, or rather each felt the
opposed : humanitarian faith was superseded spur and stimulus of the other's mind with such
by pessimism. The tranquility of his old age force that the effect was of the happiest on both
came out of such storm and stress; the stages natures.
natures. Wordsworth's realism asserted itself
of recovery from the blight of the years between through being brought into conflict with Cole-
1792 and 1795 were slow but sure. The prin ridge's preference for the fantastic. The impos-
cipal remedial agents were, first, the combina- sibility of keeping step with Coleridge, and the
tion of circumstances which restored him to a discomfort of feeling his natural progress
country home and to an atmosphere of nature thwarted, were to Wordsworth a decisive and
where alone he could breathe freely; and, sec- imperious revelation of the inevitable tendency
ond, the companionship of his sister Dorothy, of his own poetic genius. Henceforth his pecu-
the being he loved best in the world. With liar province should be the common. Wherever
such protection and support, gradually he selection was possible, he held it his duty to
recovered what he had lost — a moral equilib- borrow nothing from those elements of the
rium as perfect as any poet has ever enjoyed world which are marvellous and unusual. But
Dorothy Wordsworth was something more when he has thus thrown to the winds all the
than a companion whose affection is merely customary auxiliary resources of poetry, what
soothing. She had a measure of genius pecu was left to prove his claim to the title of poet?
liar to herself, at once active and alluring. She There remained a powerful imagination directed
was not content with a mere passive admiration upon common objects and upon the simple in-
of her brother. With all her faith in him, the cidents of life. His imagination sees accu-
greatness which her wishes as well as her fancy rately, but because its vision is powerful it sees
anticipated for him was of a particular kind. what has never been seen, or sees better and
Very early she decided in her own heart that more clearly the objects which are displayed
he would be a poet, and made up her mind also before the gaze of all men. It is indeed an
as to the sort of a poet he would be. Indeed, illumination from the soul,-
it is vain to attempt to distinguish the share
“the gleam,
each had in their mutual observations of na-
The light that never was on sea or land,
The consecration, and the Poet's dream."
ture. On
every page of Dorothy's journals are
Anna B. McMAHAN.
touches of description which give rise to some
of Wordsworth's best lines. To the maiden
who saw with, and sometimes for, the poet, yet
The seventieth birthday of Dr. Henrik Ibsen comes
on the twentieth of this month. As his sixtieth birth-
left to him the glory of immortalizing the
day was celebrated by the publication of Jaeger's biog-
image which she had discovered as soon as or raphy, so the approaching anniversary is to be marked
earlier than he, a large share of admiration by various commemorative writings, as well as by series-
must be accorded.
performances of his plays. “Politiken," a leading news-
Besides Dorothy, the only person by whom
paper of Copenhagen, is preparing a special issue for
the date in question, to contain a symposium of critical
Wordsworth admitted himself to have been
opinion from many well-known writers of Europe and
deeply influenced was Coleridge. The intimacy | America.


1898.]
181
THE DIAL
toms in all lands, we should find everywhere
MARRIAGE CUSTOMS IN MANY LANDS.*
old practices still surviving, or at least exist-
The care which many of us use when some fav- ing in rudimentary forms, but all pointing
ored friends of ours become engaged to marry, back to a time when the beliefs of the people
in offering our best wishes to the woman and made necessary these practices either to ward
in congratulating the man, is interesting. But off evil spirits or to secure good fortune and
it is something more. It is significant of the abundance to the young man and his bride. In
time when the woman was not won as she is Germany still the bride stands close to the
to-day, but was the booty of a successful foray groom during the service, “that there may
be
or the gift of the father and owner.
no room for the Prince of Darkness to come
This custom of our day is good enough, and between them.”
we would not change it; but if we think of it Mr. Hutchinson, the author of “Marriage
a moment we shall see that we congratulate the Customs in Many Lands,” has brought together
man because he is supposed to have been from many sources descriptions of a great va-
striving for a prize which he has at last won, riety of marriage customs. His object is “not
and our best wishes to the woman mean sim to discuss scientific questions connected with
ply that we hope she may be happy. One who the origin of marriage and the human family,”
leans a little toward cynicism is sometimes but “to present to general readers a careful
inclined to reverse this social formula, on the account of quaint and interesting customs,
ground that the woman is really the more for- derived from information scattered through
tunate of the two, and that it is the man for innumerable volumes." The value and interest
whose happiness we should be hoping. of the book certainly would be much increased
Whatever be the facts so far as present con-
if we could learn from it not merely what vari-
ditions are concerned, there was once a time ous marriage customs people have, but why
to which this courtesy of ours points when they have them. It is perhaps too much to
there would have been in it a genuine literal- expect in a single volume, and we can hardly
ness which it lacks to-day. When a young complain since it was not the author's purpose
man, having decided that he must have a wife, to explain but only to relate.
gathered a few of his friends about him, set Attention is mainly given to those countries
out for some neighboring tribe, seized and with which we are least familiar and where old
brought home the most attractive woman whom and curious customs remain most tenaciously.
he could find, he might well be congratulated. Southern Germany, Bohemia, and Tyrol are
He had won a prize. With quite as genuine full of survivals of old-time customs, the mean-
a feeling could one offer the maiden his best ing of many of which is forgotten; while
wishes that she might be happy if it could so be. China is illustrative of a people among whom
This rude method of securing a wife was an elaborate ceremonial in connection with mar-
somewhat improved when a man came to apply riage retains in large part its original signifi-
to the parents or to the father of a girl whom
The barbarous peoples of Africa, of
he wanted. The proprietorship of the father America, and of the Islands of the South Pa-
was recognized, so it was his consent that cific, furnish curious customs similar in many
needed to be gained rather than that of the girl cases to those of more advanced people.
herself. But as truly again had the prize been If in reading Mr. Hutchinson's book one is
won, and with a deeper feeling of sympathy able to bear in mind the customs found in dif-
than before might one hope for the happiness ferent countries, he is struck with the frequent
of her who had been literally given away. We recurrence of certain practices. We are not
need not look far back of us in time, nor to ourselves very familiar with marriages or be-
very distant parts of the world, to see this cus trothals arranged by parents or friends, but we
tom still alive. We, it may be, have wandered notice among peoples as widely separated as are
farther from these old-time ideas than have Chinese, Turks, Basutos of Africa, Samoans,
many peoples, retaining ourselves traces of Scandinavians, and Magyars, the go-between
them only — traces which have become almost is an important person. With some the duties
mere forms.
of the matchmakers are merely formal; with
If we were able to know the marriage cus others, they really bring about the marriage.
But even when the duty is a formal one it is
MARRIAGE CUSTOMS IN MANY LANDS. By the Rev.
without doubt a relic of the time when the
H. N. Hutchinson, B.A., F.G.S. New York: D. Appleton
father owned the daughter and disposed of her
cance.
& Co.


182
[March 16,
THE DIAL
on the best terms possible. Look where we But, indeed, this last principle is the basis of
may, the world over, we find these traces of the present formulation.
former customs. Our own custom of giving In “ The Treasure of the Humble,” then,
away the bride is a direct descendant of the we have M. Maeterlinck as a philosopher; pot
practice of the father or other male rela a very systematic philosopher, it is true, not
tive giving away the women of the family as academic, arid, accurate, but still a philosopher
wives.
for all that. There will be many who have been
It is well worth while to read a book in interested in his plays who will like to turn to
which one finds so many old customs described. them again with these more definite statements
And when we are amused by the curious, and, in mind, and see how far they can discern, in
as they seem to us, foolish beliefs of many what was enigmatic, the forms more or less
peoples, we shall do well to bear in mind that
vague which are a little more plainly drawn in
we ourselves have not as yet outgrown the age this book. Such readers will turn at once to
of superstition. Many of our prettiest customs the essay on “ The Tragical in Daily Life,”
are but survivals from a superstitious past, de where they will certainly find some things of a
serving, however, to be retained for their pic- good deal of interest concerning the manner
turesqueness. Yet there is no doubt that to and the matter of “ The Princess Maleine" and
many they are of real importance, though not the other remarkable dramas. We prefer, how-
understood.
ever, to consider the book by itself for the mo-
We may hope that in marriage, as in other ment, or, rather, for itself. It offers us coun-
matters, we may in time outlive our belief in sel on life and not on literature, and we prefer
signs and wonders, that we may feel a marriage to take it as it offers itself. M. Maeterlinck
is complete if no rice is scattered about, even is a philosopher of a known school, and his work
though for picturesque effect we continue to has a place in a known tendency of our time.
throw the rice and the old shoe.
Let us see, if we can, what he adds to what has
A word may be added with regard to the been already common property.
general appearance of the book.
It is very When we speak of M. Maeterlinck as a phil-
attractive; the illustrations reproduced from osopher of “ a known school” we mean that he
photographs and paintings are unusually good. is a mystic. That is a very vague name, and
MERTON L. MILLER.
comprehends_people as far apart as Plotinus
and George Fox. Mystics are really not much
farther known than as they are known to be
mystics. Still the word gives us, in a way,
some idea of a standpoint: it means, for in-
WORLDS NOT REALIZED.*
stance, that one proceeds by intuition rather
Until the publication of “Le Trésor des than by the reasoning powers. As a nineteenth
Humbles,” M. Maeterlinck was known to the century mystic, M. Maeterlinck will be con.
reading public as a philosophic man of letters. nected in our minds with a movement of some
Every serious author is more or less philo interest in contemporary France. He is not a
sophic: he has something to say of the general Neo-Christian, as the term is or was, but in so
principles of life; he can hardly avoid having far as his thinking comes from Carlyle and
some kind of philosophy, although he may Emerson he partakes of the thought that has
make no effort to state it systematically or even
influenced the Neo-Christians. Being a Bel-
directly. M. Maeterlinck has now, however, gian, however, it is not remarkable that there
become a literary philosopher; and in his latest should also reappear in him the German strain,
book he sketches for us the outlines of his theory
somewhat diversely apparent
in Eckhard,
of the universe. It is not remarkable that M. Boehme, and Novalis.
Maeterlinck should have a philosophy: the re All this is a very tame way of dealing with
markable thing is that he should try to express a great genius, of course; but, tame or not, we
it, for it had been previously understood that see no other way so simple or so efficacious of
the main characteristics of the deep truths giving the general idea of M. Maeterlinck's
which his work has heretofore embodied were philosophy. Set him down as a mystic, and
such that nobody could give them utterance. you know something of him. He deals with
the secret of Life; he deals with matters not
THE TREASURE OF THE HUMBLE. By Maurice Maeter-
linck. Translated by Alfred Sutro, with an Introduction by
apprehended by the ordinary senses or the
A. B. Walkley. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co.
intellect; he endeavors to see through the hith-


1898.]
183
THE DIAL
ers.
erto barrier of ordinarily accepted human pow. terlinck, if not of Mr. Sharp.* For now it is
He is looking along “ the wall of life in clear that it is as the awakening of the soul
search of the crevices through which God (and, that M. Maeterlinck regards these questions
let us add, Man) may be seen."
“of a presentiment, of the strange impression
It is possibly foolish to attempt to give any produced by a chance meeting or a look,
account of the ideas of one who begins his work of the secret laws of sympathy and antipathy,
by declaring (entirely in earnest) that “ It is of elective and instinctive affinities, of the over-
idle to think that, by means of words, any real whelming influence of the thing that had not
communication can ever pass from one man to been spoken.” In these silent moments of life,
another.” Certainly it is not an encouraging our souls may know each other; and for many
beginning; we cannot understand M. Maeter reasons M. Maeterlinck believes that our souls
linck without refuting him, for this point is know each other more now in our daily life than
cardinal. But the reader must pass over the in other ages. There have been such periods
dilemma; without accepting the paradox he in history before, — Egypt, India, the centuries
cannot even begin. Indeed, he will perhaps of Mediæval Mysticism; there have also been
remember that the great moments of life are periods in which souls were shut away
from
silent moments. Here M. Maeterlinck, very each other. Such was the case in the eigh-
scientifically and unmystically, makes his start. teenth century; but now these great silent mo-
Mystic though he be, he begins with a defi ments are moments of more interest.
nite fact which anyone may verify. There On this theory is the book based. In certain
are certain moments in the life of everyone great silent moments of life do we know the
which are different from all other moments, in souls about us, do we become aware of fate, do
which life stands still and is eternal, while or we realize God. The essays are hardly consecu-
dinary existence runs through sixty, seventy, tive; they depend on the first and the second,
or six hundred seconds of time. Such moments and have a certain connection with each other,
people experience in different ways: some in but they do not make an interdependent system.
love, some in sport, some in religion, some in M. Maeterlinck has noted a change in our ideas
work; but all have them. People explain them of morality. There are moments when we feel,
in different ways, or else they do not explain more deeply than did our fathers, that we are
them at all, or perhaps they do not even wholly not in the presence of ourselves alone, and in
appreciate that they have them. Such moments
such moments our conscience judges without
have conventionalized themselves in literature much influence from conventional " morality.
as the period of thoughts too deep for words.” In such moments do “ the gods from whom we
For these moments are certainly moments of spring” manifest themselves in an invisible
silence; but it is in them, proceeds M. Maeter- goodness which, more than anything else, brings
linck, in them only that we know. In such
our soul into contact with other souls. The
moments we are conscious of our brethren ;
true working of life, the true fate, does not lie
then there is an instinct of truth in us; then open ; it is hidden from most of us. Some per-
existence lies bare. When do we know such
ceive it more than others, most of all, those
moments ? " At a home-coming, on the eve of few whom the gods love and have destined to
a departure, in the midst of a great joy, at the early death : more than men, women, who have
pillow of a death-bed, on the approach of a dire preserved the sense of the mystic in the earth
misfortune," although it may be at no such
to this day.
crisis ; it may be at any time.
Such is the merest hint at M. Maeterlinck's
Now, of such moments some people have more
theory of Life: it can be seen to be a very inter-
and some less ; some seem to have a great many. esting one. We have not here a mysticism like
Three or four years ago, writing of Mr. Sharp that of Eckhard, who strove to express the
and M. Maeterlinck, we spoke of their subjects relation of God with any individual soul; or
as being “indefinite hopes and fears, imagin-
even like that of Ruysbroeck, who sought to
ings of spiritual accompaniment, premonitions
indicate a way by which the soul could return
almost occult, faint ripplings of emotion, the to the divine from which it had sprung. We
little wavelets that skim the
pas-
have here a very practical matter, not handled
sion.” But in saying so much and no more, we
failed to penetrate entirely the idea of M. Mae Somewhat more happy, perhaps, were we in speaking of
M. Maeterlinck as one of the "antennæ." He uses the same
*Here, as often in what follows, I use a phrase or a word figure himself in speaking of Novalis, un de ces êtres extra-
of M. Maeterlinck's without quotation marks.
ordinaires qui sont les antennes de l'âme humaine."
-
over
waves
of


184
[March 16,
THE DIAL
in a very practical way to be sure, but still a
SOME RECENT FOREIGN FICTION.*
matter not for saints alone but for anyone and
for all. Everybody can recognize the moments Foreign fiction is represented in the recent pro-
when he becomes conscious of the true life, and duct by a number of books, among which six at
everybody can increase his power of appreciat least must have a few words of praise or dispraise,
ing such moments. “ This much at least is
as the case may be. Nothing but praise, surely, is
the desert of the stout volume which contains a half
abundantly proved to us, that in the work-a-
score of tales and sketches by Mr. Sienkiewicz,
day lives of the very humblest of men, spiritual translated, like the author's other books, by the
phenomena manifest themselves, mysterious increasingly skilful hand of Mr. Curtin. The au-
direct workings, that bring soul nearer to soul.” thor of the great Polish trilogy has now obtained
It is this possibility of true life that M. Mae such a vogue that whatever may bear his name is
terlinck thinks of as “ The Treasure," and it is sure of an audience, and we are no longer called
more common in such lives as lack the ordi upon to do the missionary work that it gave us so
nary circumstance of this world, namely “The much pleasure to do a few years ago. Two small
Humble.”
volumes of short pieces by this writer have for some
We have spent so much time in trying to
time been familiar to English readers, and seemed
to give slight earnest of his tremendous powers when
express M. Maeterlinck's views that we have no
working with sufficient elbow-room. Taken by them-
room left for criticism. But criticism of such
selves, those two volumes gave indications of little
theory of life is hardly a matter for a period-
more than a graceful talent. The new volume, en-
ical devoted to current literature. It will come titled “Hania” from its longest story, is of a dif-
in time, and in a different way. It is a pity, ferent quality, and seems to us quite worthy of the
however, that we cannot indicate the æsthetic genius which we know the author to possess. It is,
bearing of M. Maeterlinck's philosophy: that to be sure, very uneven, and several of the sketches
we cannot point out the way in which this theory attain nothing more than mediocrity, but the others
of “the moment” is developed in application
touch a very high watermark indeed, and exhibit
to the drama, and indicate some further appli- artistic restraint that makes the minor writings of
much the same combination of raciness, vitality, and
cations. But such matters must be passed by: Tourguénieff supreme in their kind. “ Hania,"
The English version of this book is a good
“ Tartar Captivity,” and “Charcoal Sketches" are
one. Despite some small inaccuracies and certainly masterpieces in miniature, and not un-
inelegancies, it is rather remarkable in convey-worthy of comparison with “ First Love" and the
ing the meaning and the character of the orig “ Annals of a Sportsman.” Some of the other pieces
inal. We rather regret the omission of the are of comparatively slight value, and two or three of
essays on Emerson, Ruysbroeck, and Novalis. them are no more than chalk drawings for the great
They do not really belong to the others canvasses by which the author is chiefly known.
(although they are included in the French edi.
Why Dr. Max Nordau should have thought him-
tion), but they are very useful in an effort to
self capable of writing a novel, is a dark mystery.
As an illustration of his own hobby of “Degenera-
understand our author. Mr. Walkley's Intro-
tion,” such a production as “ The Drones Must
duction seems to us good : not by any means
Die ” may have a possible warrant for existence,
the last word of comment, but still such as to
but we can conceive of no other. The book has
give the reader who turns to it after he has neither wit nor penetration nor shrewd observa-
read the book a good deal of help in accom tion nor strength of any sort.
Its movement is
modating new ideas to old ones.
truly elephantine, and its invention is limited to the
It is a curious book, written in a charming well-worn story of the poor man who seeks to en-
style, and persuasive. One feels somehow as rich himself by speculation and finds himself caught
though M. Maeterlinck had almost a right to
in the net of the spider. One might imagine an
answer anyone who cannot see anything in it * HANIA. By Henryk Sienkiewicz. Translated from the
with the repartee of Turner, — namely, Don't
Polish by Jeremiah Curtin. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co.
THE DRONES Most DIE. By Max Nordau. Translated
could ?
you
from the German. New York: G. W. Dillingham Co.
EDWARD E. HALE, JR. ANDRONIKE. The Heroine of the Greek Revolution. By
Stephanos Theodoros Xenos. Translated from the original
Greek by Edwin A. Grosvenor. Boston: Roberts Brothers.
THE LION OF JANINA; or, The Last Days of the Janissaries.
THE popular“Story of the Nations" series, published
A Turkish novel. By Maurus Jokai. Translated by R.
by Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons, now numbers fifty Nisbet Bain. New York: Harper & Brothers.
volumes already published, besides several others in PARIs. By Emile Zola. Translated by Ernest Alfred Vize-
preparation. A new cloth cover has been designed for telly. Two volumes. New York: The Macmillan Co.
the series, which gives it a more dignified appearance AMERICAN NOBILITY. By Pierre de Coulevain. New
upon the library shelves.
York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
you wish
:


1898.]
185
THE DIAL
effective treatment of la haute finance ; Balzac ac can public is concerned. Report comes from Paris
complished it, and Zola has the power to do it again, that the hatred of this writer is so widespread as to
but Dr. Nordau is too pitifully equipped for this or lessen the probable sale of the new novel. But we
any other novelistic enterprise to be deserving of doubt if human nature in Paris is so unlike what it
the slightest attention.
is elsewhere as to have this effect. Even those who
The ponderous romance entitled “Andronike," dislike the author the most will have a natural curi.
which Professor Grosvenor has translated from the osity to become acquainted with his final deliberate
modern Greek of Mr. Stephanos Theodoros Xenos, verdict upon the civilization which he has so taken
is a chronicle history of the Greek revolution of to task in his defense of Captain Dreyfus. That ver-
1821, and covers the happenings of the three event dict is embodied in the earnest and passionate pages
ful
years that ended with the sea-fight at Navarino. of “Paris,” and must be reckoned with as the pro-
It proves to be more interesting as history than as nouncement of one of the most acute and vigorous
romance, for the author is too minute and pains- intellects of the time. It is a many-hued picture
taking in his endeavor to record the facts to make with which the book presents us, a canvas with strong
a successful novelist, and the work on the artistic effects of chiaroscuro and lurid coloring, with start-
side is at once naïve and crude. Yet there are thrill- ling contrasts between the base and the heroic, be-
ing episodes, described in a spirit of exalted patri- tween social shams and social realities, between the
otism, which have power to stir the blood and to heartless indifference of the wealthy and the des-
reproduce the emotional tumult that was translated perate frenzy of the proletariat. There is much bit-
by Shelley into the pure poetry of “Hellas.” Many terness of feeling in the criticism of the existing or-
unfamiliar incidents are woven into the web of the der, and a note of fine indignation rings through
romance, besides those things long familiar to all the whole work. Yet the purport is not pessimism,
English readers—the devotion and death of Byron, although many will no doubt dismiss the book with
the adventures of Trelawney and Odysseus, the that easy epithet; it is rather the impatient and
heroism of Marco Botsaris, the defense and fall of passionate idealism of the clear-sighted philosophi-
Misolonghi, the sinister careers of Ali and Ibrahim. cal observer, who says to society “thou ailest here
The book is at least good history, and so embodies and here," and does not shrink from laying bare the
the spirit of modern Hellenic nationalism that we plague-spots of the present, knowing that by such
can easily understand the high esteem in which it service the permanent interests of society are best
is held by the people of whose contemporary
liter to be furthered. No, M. Zola is as distinctly an
ature it is said to be “the greatest romance.” idealist as is Dr. Ibsen; to charge such men with
The picturesque figure of Ali Pasha is one of the pessimism is to display ignorance of the very mean-
most interesting in the Greek novelists' gallery of ing of that term. We wish it might be said that the
historical portraits, and the desperate villany of his art of M. Zola was commensurate with his idealism.
career long ago inspired the foremost among Hun But the fact is indisputable that most of the literary
garian writers of fiction to weave a romance about graces are denied him; there is in the best of his
“the Lion of Janina.” This romance, translated work little animation or brilliancy, little of the light-
into English by Mr. Nisbet Bain, has just been pub ness of touch to which art owes most of its effects,
lished, and serves once more to illustrate the orien little of the calm that is so much more persuasive
tal imagination and the artistic irresponsibility of its than the most turbulent display of emotion. "Paris"
prolific author. The story is moulded about a skele is not as dull as “ Lourdes,” or even as Rome,'
ton of historical fact, but has in reality no more hold but it is nevertheless dull, except in episodes, and
upon life than an Arabian tale. One cannot help much conscientiousness is needed to read it without
being attracted by the invention and the glitter of omission. The intellectual evolution of the Abbé
such books, but it is not easy to take them as serious Froment is the thread which unites the three sec-
examples of modern fiction.
tions of the trilogy, and in the end we leave him, en-
The publication of M. Zola's “Paris," complet nobled and strengthened by much suffering, brought
ing the trilogy of “Les Trois Villes,” is not only an to full acknowledgment of the claims of the intel-
event in the literary sense, but derives much adven lect, and prepared to substitute a rational theory of
titious importance from the author's recent cham conduct for the incoherent fabric, now hopelessly
pionship of a cause unpopular with his fellow-coun shattered, of his long cherished illusions. The in-
trymen. However his part in that unfortunate af troduction of his brother Guillaume, a chemist who
fair may have aroused the animosity of social and has invented a new explosive of extraordinary
official France, there is no doubt that it has com power, makes it possible for the author to give to
pelled the admiration of the disinterested public out anarchism of the bomb-throwing type a conspicu-
side, and that he has won for himself a new and en ous place in this “ Paris” section of the work, and
thusiastic following among lovers of justice and fair the destruction, planned but not executed, of a great
play everywhere, whether given to the reading of basilica, is one of the most exciting episodes to
books or not. If not, many of them will make an which our attention is directed.
In this book we
exception in favor of a novel published at just this doubtless have the final word of M. Zola's philoso-
time by M. Zola, and the fortunes of the book are phy and of M. Zola's art. And the fundamental
assured, as far as the general European and Ameri- ' questions raised by his total activity are these two:


186
[March 16,
THE DIAL
Is the philosophy that toward which the currents of
enlightened thought are irresistibly flowing? Is
the art of such a nature that to the future observer,
looking back upon our epoch, the books that bear
the name of Zola will appear as the books of Bal-
zac now appear to us, as the lasting embodiment of
the life and thought of their age? To the first ques-
tion we may with some degree of confidence make
an affirmative answer, but to the second the reply
must be in the negative. The future historian of
literature will not be able to neglect the immense
work of M. Zola, but will be constrained to deal
with it as we now deal with the work of Voltaire.
In other words, it will be dealt with not as a per-
manent possession of literary art, but as a literary
force for the most part spent in the period that
was responsible for its generation.
M. Pierre de Coulevain's “ American Nobility” is
a novel that we have read with great interest, and
if we cannot give it our unqualified approval we can
at least pay tribute to its skilful construction and its
obvious sincerity of purpose. It is, briefly, the story
of a French gentleman of distinguished ancestry,
who, finding the family fortunes impaired almost to
the point of destitution, seeks to restore them by
marriage with an American heiress. The marriage
is duly brought about, and the wedded pair are
happy for a time; but the inevitable intrigue pres-
ently makes its appearance, and shatters the dream
of the confiding wife. After a period of great emo-
tional stress for all concerned, the other woman dies,
practically by her own act, leaving husband and
wife to patch up a sort of reconciliation, and try to
save from the wreck of their happiness enough to
make their continued existence tolerable if nothing
more. This plot is so hackneyed that its bare state-
ment seems to put the book in the list of common-
place and insignificant fictions; but the author has
acted from a serious artistic motive, to which credit
must be given. His book is to a considerable ex-
tent the embodiment of a thesis, to the effect that
such marriages as he describes must inevitably fail
to result happily, since there are spiritual depths in
the soul of a Frenchman which no Anglo-Saxon
woman can sound, spiritual needs in his nature
which only women of Latin race and Catholic train-
ing can satisfy. There is thus found a sort of justi-
fication for the conduct of the hero, who is by no
means represented as a vulgar libertine, and who
clearly enjoys all the time the qualified respect and
the entire sympathy of the writer. Let those who
will call such a book immoral in its tendency; we
rather prefer to take from it the lesson of the essen-
tial incompatability of temperament existing be-
tween the two races, and are willing at the same
time to concede that the author has told the story
with perfect honesty from his own point of view,
that he has done his best to be fair to the Anglo-
Saxon character, and that the fatal defect of his
argument proceeds from a limitation of sympathetic
insight of which he himself is absolutely and bliss-
fully unconscious. WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
RECENT BOOKS OF TRAVEL.*
Mark Twain's recent account of his around-the-
world lecture tour, which he entitles “ Following the
Equator,” is a first-rate specimen of that eminently
sagacious mixture of sense and nonsense which is so
characteristic of him. To many refined people he
may seem the vulgar buffoon, entirely unrespectful,
unconventional, irreverent; but this aspect is but his
surface aspect. He reverences what is essentially
worthy of reverence, as is evident from many a page
in this volume. His remarks on reverence, indeed,
show eminent sense and insight,— as when he says:
“ The reverence which is difficult, and which has per-
sonal merit in it, is the respect which you pay, without
compulsion, to the political or religious attitude of a
man whose beliefs are not yours. You cannot revere
his gods or his politics, and no one expects you to do
that, but you could respect his belief in them if you tried
hard enough, and you could respect him, too, if you
tried hard enough. But it is very difficult; it is next
to impossible, and so we hardly ever try. If the man
does n't believe as we do, we say he is a crank, and that
settles it. I mean it does nowadays, because we can't
burn him."
In truth, the dominant note in this book is not jest
but earnestness, moral and humane, an earnest
desire for sincerity and genuineness, but tearing
sham to pieces and flinging it to the winds. If
Mr. Clemens had not been Mark Twain, he might
have been Carlyle.
But we have not space for exemplifying fully
either the wisdom or the wit in this book. However,
we mention the common Hindoo impression of the
United States, as Mark Twain gives expression to
it. When this country is named to the average
Hindoo,
“Two torches flare up in the dark caverns of his mind,
and he says, " Ah, the country of the great man —Wash-
ington; and the Holy City — Chicago.' For he knows
about the Congress of Religions, and this has enabled
him to get an erroneous impression of Chicago.”
Mark Twain's manner of writing is deliciously
*Fo ING THE EQUATOR. By Mark Twain. Illustrated.
(Published by subscription only.) Hartford, Conn.: The
American Publishing Co.
PICTURESQUE SICILY. By W. A. Paton. Illustrated. New
York: Harper & Brothers.
GOING TO WAR IN GREECE. By Frederick Palmer. Illus-
trated. New York: R. H. Russell.
BENIN, THE CITY OF BLOOD. By R. H. Bacon, R.N. Illus-
trated. New York : Edward Arnold.
A WORLD PILGRIMAGE. By J. H. Barrows. Illustrated.
Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co.
A YEAR FROM A REPORTER'S NOTE-BOOK. By Richard
Harding Davis. Illustrated. New York: Harper & Brothers.
AFLOAT ON THE OH10. By R. G. Thwaites. Chicago :
Way & Williams.
ACROSS THE EVERGLADES. By Hugh L. Willoughby.
Illustrated. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
SERVIA, THE POOR MAN'S PARADISE. By Herbert Vivian,
M.A. Illustrated. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co.
SOUTH AFRICA OF TO-DAY. By Captain Francis Young-
husband, C.I.E. Illustrated. New York: The Macmillan Co.
KOREA AND HER NEIGHBORS. By Isabella Bird Bishop,
F.R.G.S. Illustrated. Chicago: Fleming H. Revell Co.
..


1898.]
187
THE DIAL
desultory; you never know on what continent the Books on Sicily are indeed few, but when Mr.
next page will land you. Altogether, we have a Paton says that “the Norman conquest of Sicily
most brilliant and varied jumble of wit, humor, has not found its historian,” he forgets Gally
information, instruction, wisdom, poetry, irony, and Knight's and Bazancourt's books on this subject.
jest. Mark Twain is continually stepping from the The author's views are of the impressionist type,
sublime to the ridiculous, and vice versa. As soon and there is much second-hand material. As a whole,
as he suspects he is getting eloquent, he at once the work is diffuse and journalistic. But while it
jumps into outrageous farce. As Mark warns off has not the vital inevitable quality of a book of the
the reviewer who shall attack him for padding, we first class, it will be found in general readable and
will only say that his skill and brilliancy can almost useful. The appendices are of particular value, but
redeem the plentiful padding in this book. As a the book has neither map nor index. The illustra-
book of travel, this work stands very high by reason tions, though often interesting, are hackneyed in
of its incisiveness and vividness; and the inveterate subject, and sometimes poorly done.
travel-reader will mark the day he fell in with it
“Going to War in Greece," by Mr. Frederick
with red-letter. Altogether, we find here that rara
Palmer, is a New York reporter's account of the
avis, a real book, full of thoroughly original char recent one-sided little fray - a month from start to
acteristic impressions characteristically expressed, finish between those two ancient enemies, Greek
and thus intensely enjoyable to the real reader.
and Turk. Most of the book is taken up with the
Mr. W. A. Paton's " Picturesque Sicily” is a looking and waiting for the war to begin; and of the
general and popular account of scenery, antiquities, actual war there is little description of operations.
and modern life, in that sunny isle. In the course The childish unmilitary character of the Greek
of a three months' sojourn he visited the principal Army of the Café” is brought out in so strong a
cities - Palermo, Catania, Messina, and Syracuse ; light that we suspect caricature. The book is writ-
and also Segesta, Selinus, Girgenti, and other ten in jaunty style, and contains numerous rather
places of antiquarian interest, all of which are de indifferent illustrations, but has no map.
scribed in an enthusiastic and pleasant vein. He is Commander R. H. Bacon's book with the strik-
surprised at finding in Sicily more ruins of Greek ing but not unjustifiable title, “Benin, the City of
temples than in all Greece, and he gives large space Blood,” is a straightforward military account of the
to his observations on these ruins. The Sicily of British expedition, in 1897, to Benin City, West
to-day he finds to be in the main poverty-stricken Africa, to avenge the massacre of the English mis-
and beggar-ridden. He is harried from the most
sion. As a narrative of one of England's innum-
charming views by crowds of loathsome beggars.
erable little wars, and as throwing light on African
The Middle Ages still linger in Sicily, as is shown
savagery and bush - fighting, it has considerable
by the prevalence of saint-worship and superstition,
interest. Benin was deserted at the approach of
and the lawlessness of secret associations like the
the British, and was found steeped in human blood,
Mafia. At Cefalu he happens on a true descend-
“smeared over bronzes, ivory, and even the walls.”
ant of the mediæval minstrel who recited from the
The evidence of crucifixions and human sacrifices
“Chronicles of the Crusaders.”
was found everywhere. “Every person who was
« During his recitations he stood as if wrapped in
able, I should say, indulged in a human sacrifice,
thought, bareheaded, forgetful of the weather, and,
and left the remains in front of his house." Com-
seemingly, of our presence. The performance was not
a mere repetition of lines by rote, for, although there
mander Bacon's account shows clearly that the most
was very little variation in accent or tone, he seemed to
pernicious element in savagery is a cruel religion.
speak as if his mind was fixed on the ideas he was ex-
The book contains also some interesting details on
pressing. The tale of the Crusade finished, we gave the method by which the British fought their way
him whatever it may have been, and again requested along the narrow paths in the dense forest. In ad-
our guide to ask him to recite other numbers of his vancing along these paths where savages might lurk
repertoire. Informing us that he would give us the
unseen within a few feet, “precautionary volleys
story of the Landing of Ruggiero and the building of from rifles and Maxims were fired on all sides every
the Cathedral at Cefalu,' he began in a louder and more
few minutes. Sometimes rockets were used to intim-
inspiring tone, and repeated the lines more vigorously
idate the natives. « The most weird feature of the
and with finer expression, using certain modest gestures.
The tale of King Roger was longer than either of the
whole fighting is the rarity with which the enemy is
other two recitations, and, when he finished it, the old
Shots are fired, yells, whoops, and shouts are
man, pointing eagerly in the direction of the town, told heard, men fall wounded and killed, yet not a sign
our guide to say to the strangers that. There, there, of the enemy himself, except just the shiver of a
was the very city King Ruggiero had visited, there the moving bush and the half doubtful view of a dusky
cathedral he had built in honor of the Christ. How
figure.” The book is furnished with a rather inade-
were the mighty fallen! From the shoulders of the
quate map and a few fair illustrations.
disciples of Ciullio d'Alcamo, the favorites of the kings,
the pets of fortune, the mantle of minstrelsy had fallen
Dr. J. H. Barrows's " A World Pilgrimage” is
on the bowed shoulders of this starved and woe-begone
a collection of letters of travel which originally
old man whom we found on a bitter Sicilian winter day appeared in the “Chicago Record” and in “The
cowering under the ruins of an ancient Norman keep.” Interior.” Herein Dr. Barrows discourses, in his
seen.


188
[March 16,
THE DIAL
vein of general optimism, of his doings and observ- voyage down the Ohio to Cairo. In diary form it
ations on the usual world-trip, and everywhere he gives useful historical and descriptive notes on the
maintains a large, humane, and catholic view of places passed and people met, and in particular is
things and men. While this is in no wise a very valuable as throwing some light on the river-life of
notable book, it is readable and suggestive. His house-boats and fishermen; but we feel at the end
lecture-tour naturally gives rise to more extended that we should choose some pleasanter, if less his-
remarks on India than on other countries, and toric, stream than the Ohio for a canoe trip. The
these ten chapters will have special interest for book contains two appendices, “ Historical Outline
missionary circles. The illustrations are only pass of Ohio Valley Settlement” and “ Selected list of
able. We regret to notice that the title-page is de- Journals of Previous Travellers down the Ohio”;
faced by a mangled quotation from Keats.
but it has no map.
Another cosmopolitan book of travels, but of a Mr. H. L. Willoughby's "Across the Everglades
somewhat different order, is Mr. Richard Harding is an account of a journey into that unknown part
Davis's “ A Year from a Reporter's Note-Book.” of Florida where the Seminoles were driven in the
It treats of war in Cuba and Greece, of glory in the Indian War. “It may seem strange,” our author
Coronation of the Czar, of the Inauguration of Mc remarks,“ in our days of Arctic and African explor-
Kinley, of the Queen's Jubilee, and the Millennial ation, for the general public to learn that in our
Celebration at Budapest. All these events are de very midst, as it were, in one of our Atlantic coast
scribed in that clear, crisp, graphic style, and with states, we have a tract of land one hundred and
that slight trace of cynicism, which we have been thirty miles long and seventy miles wide that is as
accustomed to expect from Mr. Davis. Perhaps much unknown to the white man as the heart of
the best of these “ Notes” is that on the Coronation, Africa.” We learn that the Everglades is not a
wherein the author gives a quite vivid impression dense swamp, as often supposed, but a vast grassy
of the Czar-worship and the mediævally deep, lake with water but a few inches deep, and oc-
sombre, unthinking religiousness of the great mags casional islets a few feet square.
It is inhabited
of Russiang. However, the most quotable page is by Indians, deer, otter, snakes, and birds. Mr.
in the Budapest article, a description of Berkes, the Willoughby found that the saw grass was the
greatest of Hungarian violinists.
great barrier to Everglade travel.
“ It
pays
better
“ His violin seems to be just as much a part of him to go twenty-five miles around than half a mile
as are his arms or his eyes or his heart. When he plays, through. What makes this grass so formidable and
his body seems to stop at the neck, and he appears to
so much dreaded is the saw-like edge with which it
draw all of his strength and feeling from the violin in
is armed on three sides. If you get a blade between
his hands, the rest of him being merely a support for
his head and instrument. He has curious eyes, like
your hand and the pole, it will cut you to the bone,
those of a Scotch collie - sad, and melancholy, and
with a jagged gash that takes long to heal.” Mr.
pleading, - and when he plays they grow glazed and
Willoughby met with no remarkable adventures,
drunken-looking, like those of an absinthe drinker, but his story, though attaining little literary quality,
and tears roll from them to the point of his short beard is simply and directly told, and will be found espe-
and wet the wood of his violin. His music probably cially readable by all who find pleasure in outdoor
affects different people according to their nerves, but it life. The first half of the work is introductory,
is as moving as any great passage in any noble book, or
giving some account of previous expeditions into the
in any great play, and while it lasts he holds people Everglades, and of his preparation for his trip. He
absolutely in a spell, so that when the music ceases
finds the real crocodile as well as the alligator and
women burst into tears, and I have seen men jump to
their feet and empty the contents of their pockets into
has some interesting remarks on this matter, though
his lap; and they are so sure to do this that their ser-
we must regard his long list of species as padding.
vants take their money away from them when they are
The book has a serviceable map and illustrations,
dressing to dine at some honse where Berkes is an and as appendix a Seminole vocabulary.
nounced to play. One night a Frenchman dipped a
“Servia, the Poor Man's Paradise" is the attrac-
two-thousand-franc note into a glass of champagne and
tive title of an enthusiastic book on that little known
pasted it on the back of the man's violin, and the next day
Berkes sent it back to him again, saying that to have
country, by Herbert Vivian. Mr. Vivian, an ardent,
this compliment paid him by a foreigner in the presence
High Church, conservative Englishmen, travelled
of his countrymen was worth more to him than the for some months in Servia, and gives a glowing and
money."
attractive picture of this seldom visited Balkan
These brief reportorial sketches we feel to be too province, which has only of late completely freed
often over-done, too conscious, too blunt, and too itself from the Turkish rule.
lacking in real grace, beauty, and technique, to be “I rejoice to have explored Servia before she is com-
literature of any high order; yet they certainly have pletely given over to the exigencies of progress. Already
a value and interest, and a measure of real but
she has lost very much of the Oriental glamour which
travellers encountered even ten years ago, and ten years
mostly suggested power.
hence she may be fashioned entirely upon modern West-
“Afloat on the Ohio,” by the well-known historical
ern lines. The picturesque squalor of Turkish times is
writer, Mr. R. G. Thwaites, is a pleasant though not being rapidly expropriated by the ugliness of the useful.
especially interesting account of an uneventful canoe Still, I know no country which can offer so general an
He says:


1898.]
189
THE DIAL
in America.
impression of beauty, so decided an aroma of the Mid fatted calf.' Cooking is not always essential. On the
dle Ages. The whole atmosphere is that of a thrilling Han I saw men taking fish off the hook, and after plung-
romance. Conversation is larded with accounts of hair- ing them into a pot of red pepper sauce, eating them at
breadth 'scapes and deeds of chivalry — and all as if once with their bones.”
they were everyday occurrences, the most natural in the
Mrs. Bishop writes with the air of the professional
world. At each turn I met heroes who had performed
traveller, and in a business-like way conveys a vast
prodigies against the hajdutsi, swashbucklers who had
led irregulars against the Turks, popes who had smelt
amount of information clearly and impartially. She
powder when fighting for the national cause at the head
throws a side-light on the Chino-Japanese war, and
of their flocks."
is particularly full on the political and industrial
The style is spirited and good, though we think the aspects of the people at the present time.
oft-used "state-stroke” is rather clumsy for coup
"This feeblest of independent kingdoms, rudely
d'état. As a whole the book, though not particularly wholly dazed, finds herself confronted with an array of
shaken out of her sleep of centuries, half frightened and
well-considered and thorough, is an interesting and
powerful, ambitious, aggressive, and not always over-
useful sketch of Servia, past and present, in its polit- scrupulous powers, bent, it may be, on overreaching her
ical, ecclesiastical, and industrial aspects. The work
and each other, forcing her into new paths, ringing with
is provided with a good map.
rude hands the knell of time-honored custom, clamoring
Captain Younghusband in “South Africa of To-
for concessions, and bewildering her with reforms, sag.
day” republishes letters and telegrams to the Lon-
gestions, and panaceas, of which she sees neither the
don “Times," whose special correspondent he was
meaning nor the necessity."
during the recent disturbances in the Transvaal.
The illustrations, maps, and appendices add to the
The author has studied the subject at first-hand and
value of this book.
HIRAM M. STANLEY.
gives a fair, able, and interesting account of the cir-
cumstances that led up to the Jameson Raid, and
of the events immediately following. He regards
the Transvaal as the richest section of South Africa,
and destined to become the most populous. The
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
Boer question certainly gives great solicitude to the
American readers will not feel alto-
A very candid
English. Indeed, the enterprising, energetic En Irish traveller gether flattered when they look in
glishman, continually running against a stone wall
the mirror held up to them by the
of stolid, crafty Dutchmen, is almost nonplussed and Hon. Martin Morris, an intelligent Irish traveller,
dismayed. While most of the book is given up to in his thoughtful little book of essays entitled
the Transvaal, there are also chapters on Rhodesia “ Transatlantic Traits” (Elliot Stock, London).
and Natal. Altogether, the volume, if not as compre Mr. Morris is of a reflective turn, and he gives gen-
hensive and luminous as Mr. Bryce's recent account, eral conclusions rather than raw impressions. He
is in many ways a closer study, and will repay care is by no means an ill-natured or on the whole un-
ful reading.
friendly critic, but he is a very candid and dispas-
Mrs. Isabella Bird Bishop's “Korea and her sionate one, and he clearly has no notion of curry-
Neighbors” is an up-to-date handbook on Korea, ing favor with his cis-Atlantic readers by the cheap
and contains also some information on neighboring expedient of tickling their national vanity. On the
Manchuria and Siberia. Mrs. Bishop familiarized other hand, it must be said that his book is quite
herself with the country and people during an ex-
free from the tone of patronizing jocularity which
tended residence at treaty ports and during two jour- European travellers so often see fit to adopt towards
neys to the interior. She found the Koreans under a this country. The author is altogether too sensible
most oppressive government, limp, lazy, dependent, a man to affect to regard the United States of
poverty-stricken, but the Korean colonists in Siberia America as a huge joke, and he has evidently made
under Russian rule very thrifty and prosperous.
a conscientious effort to comprehend us clearly and
One marked characteristic of Koreans is an am-
exhibit us fairly. Like most cultivated foreign trav-
bition to eat much and often.
ellers, from De Tocqueville to Mr. Bryce, Mr. Mor-
“They eat not to satisfy hunger, but to enjoy the sen-
ris finds us on the whole somewhat commonplace,-
sation of repletion. The training for this enjoyment immensely energetic and capable in every calling
begins at a very early age, as I had several opportuni which has for its supreme end the accumulation of
ties of observing. A mother feeds her young child with money, but correspondingly lacking on the æsthetic
rice, and when it can eat no more in an upright posi and intellectual side. We accumulate vast fortunes,
tion, lays it on its back on her lap and feeds it again,
invent miraculous machines, conduct great business
tapping its stomach from time to time with a flat spoon
enterprises ; but we are seemingly incapable of add-
to ascertain if further cramming is possible. The Ko-
rean is omnivorous. Dog meat is in great request at
ing to or even of duly appreciating the world's ar-
certain seasons, and dogs are extensively bred for the
tistic and intellectual treasures. In short, “America
table. Pork, beef, fish, raw, dried, and salted, the in-
is the land of the hoi polloi with a vengeance. Noth-
testines of animals, all birds and game, no part being ing rises above the common level but some gigantic
rejected, are eaten — a baked fowl, with its head and buildings and the Elevated'in New York.” Mr.
claws, and interior intact, being the equivalent of the Morris naturally thinks rather meanly of our art, and


190
[March 16,
THE DIAL
a new
three essays
2
and an
we fear his stay at Chicago was marred by a glimpse Huth a little seventeenth-century tract for five shil.
of the alleged statue of Columbus recently removed | lings, and discovered that cheapness was no recom-
out of deference to a growing sentiment of public mendation with that gentleman. After this discov-
disapproval that threatened in time to lead to a pop ery, Mr. Hazlitt assisted very largely in the increase
ular outbreak. European travellers as a rule, after and completion of the Huth Library, much to the
having damned with faint praise the “evidences of benefit of all concerned. We regard a commercial
our material prosperity” of which we are so justly speculator in books as a superior person to a book-
proud, are apt to grow rhapsodic on the theme of collector. Mr. Hazlitt was destined by nature to
American women. Not so Mr. Morris. Even here have dealings in books : his bibliographical knowl-
he is, as Mr. Arnold said of his French critic on edge and feeling made him a very exceptional
Goethe, “candid and cool, perhaps a little cold.” | purchasing-agent; we will own to a feeling of respect
He grants the American woman a certain smatter for him at never becoming a mere book-collector.
ing superiority in point of attainments over her It must be confessed, however, that while his deal-
busy dollar-getting husband; but he finds her some ings with books were of a very proper character, he
what shrill, noisy, lacking in feminine charm. He was unable to withstand the passion for collecting
agrees with Mr. Henry James that “one feels her something. At one time he collected postage-stamps ;
presence too much as a sound ” — a vox et præterea he speaks of the matter with some regret:
nihil, we suppose, like Wordsworth's cuckoo, or the weakness," a foolish passion,” he rightly calls it.
classic nightingale. It need not be inferred from More seriously did he devote himself to the collec-
our citations that Mr. Morris found here nothing tion of coins, and we think he makes out a fairly
to admire and praise. He has a good many kind good case in favor of the coin-collector. And yet,
and cordial words for us, which are the more grate curious at first, though on consideration natural, his
ful in that they are evidently sincere and well very intelligent views on coin-collecting caused him
weighed. He does not deal in what is known in to be regarded by the esoteric as a presumptuous
popular parlance as taffy," and he is one of those layman. In fact, we cannot regard Mr. Hazlitt as
useful friends who tell us of our faults. There are a true collector. He was a student, an antiquarian,
—“At Sea,” “On Traits in General,” in letters and in other directions too, as everyone
and “ American Traits ” — together with a “Fore- knows; but we cannot think that he was a true col-
word
“ Aftword.” Two of the papers lector. He had really too broad views, too wide
were written originally for the “Nineteenth Cen- | interests, too keen feelings, to be satisfied with col.
tury" and the “New Review," and they now ap- lecting. Indeed, had he been a collector in the strict
pear in a considerably enlarged form.
sense of the word, he could hardly have written 80
entertaining a book as the present one.
A “confession," as the word is com-
Bibliography
and Numismatics. monly used, is an avowal of matters
Mr. F. Anstey is already well known
somewhat prejudicial to one's char Mr. Jabberjee, B.A. in scholarly circles for his skill in
acter and reputation. A collector, then, rightly
logical development from a funda-
uses the word “confession” for a statement of his mental hypothesis. He is a most successful follower
deeds quâ collector. We do not, however, consider of the great originator of formal logic, who held
Mr. Carew Hazlitt's “Confessions of a Collector" that fiction was more philosophical than history on
(Dodd) to be more than verbally prejudicial to the account of its aiming at general rather than partic-
author's reputation.
It is true that it is a literary, ular truth. Minor matters of fact have no great
an artistic sin to love books as a collector loves them; import to the reason : hence the positive value to
but there may be extenuating circumstances. Some the human race of the thorough plausibilities of
men cannot help being drawn toward collecting. “ Vice Versa” or “The Talking Horse."
Mr.
Mr. Hazlitt was one of these. He is, of course, by Anstey appears now, however, to have abandoned
no means unknown to the general reader, and these (temporarily we hope) the field of logic to exhibit
bibliographical memoirs will be opened by many his mastery in the domain of the linguist. “Baboo
with a good deal of pleasant anticipation, which will Hurry Bungsbo Jabberjee, B.A.” (Appleton) is a
not be in vain. We have been greatly pleased at work of many excellences, but its chief value ap-
them, recalling no other such book that is so good, pears to us to lie in its being written in the care-
always with a reservation in favor of Burton's fully studied lingo of a “highly educated Indian
“ Bookhunter," which we have not read for years university man ” who has for some time lived in
and so may prize too highly. Strictly speaking, London. Even a person who has never seen one
however, Mr. Hazlitt was not a book.collector: that of the species can see that the language must be
is to say, his chief dealing with books was not col good. Mr. Jabberjee has learned something of the
lecting for himself; to use his own words, he was literary language at the university, and has learned
not a pure amateur but a commercial speculator in much modern slang in London. He incorporates
books. He began with the idea of a collection for in his conversation all the incongruities possible to
himself, but later in life he was chiefly occupied as one who knows our inconsistent language but par-
informal agent for others. The turning-point in tially. His speech will repay the closest study, for
his career was, we should say, when he sold Mr. every strand of the variegated thread is natural,
-


1898.]
191
THE DIAL
A critic
not to be
desired.
even necessary, to one under his circumstances. out of scrapes of his own making. Mr. Russell
Columbus showed how easy it is to do a thing when naturally looks to the legislature (everybody looks
you know how: many users of the English language to the legislature for everything nowadays) to mend
will here learn how difficult a thing they do every his grievance. He cites approvingly the old Navi-
day without knowing anything about it. This work gation Laws, under which the shipping of foreign
will find a place beside the famous “English as seamen in British ships was narrowly restricted ;
She is Spoke." Useful, then, in a great degree to and seems to want something of the kind enacted
the linguistic student, the book will not be more now. Mr. Russell's Nelsonian pictures are graphic
wearisome than others of Mr. Anstey's books to the and spirited, and contrast favorably in this regard
more general reader. Mr. Jabberjee is of the opin- with Professor Laughton's recent rather tame, if
ion (not unknown in this country) that the letter accurate and severely critical, “ Life.” The bulk of
press of “Punch" is not such as can be read with the narrative is devoted to the famous sea fights ;
pleasure by a cultivated person. He offers his serv but there are readable chapters on Nelson's boy-
ices to raise the general tone, and contributes ac hood, his rather numerous erotic experiences, his
counts of his adventures. These are at first some characteristics, etc. The exasperating Lady Hamil-
what disconnected, but as they proceed they knit ton episode is given no more than its due share of
into a narrative that finally comes to a great cli- prominence. The book is neatly made and contains
max in the breach of promise suit of Mankletow vs. several full-page plates, portraits and battle-pieces,
Jabberjee. Mr. Anstey's labors are recommended of excellent quality.
and elucidated by the work of his illustrator, whose
The recollection of earlier
presentations of the learned barrister are most deli-
led
essays
us to turn to Mr. F. P. Stearns's
cate suggestions of nationality and character.
“ Modern English Prose Writers”
Mr. W. Clark Russell contributes his (Putnam) with pleasant anticipation. There is op-
Clark Russell's
views of the mite to the now subsiding Nelson portunity for a good book on this subject, and we
British Navy.
revival, in the shape of a volume of hoped to get it. We regret to say that we are much
“ Pictures from the Life of Nelson ” (Dodd). The disappointed. The essays composing the book are
articles appeared originally in the “ English Illus written in a supercilious tone on superficial knowl-
trated Magazine," and the author has added to edge, and that is a pretty bad combination. If Mr.
them, out of quantitative considerations mainly, as Stearns knew his subject thoroughly one need not
we judge, a lengthy and somewhat rambling preface, mind his manner, or if he wrote less ex cathedra
together with some twenty-six pages of remotely one would not mind a few errors. As it is, however,
relevant supplementary matter touching Mr. Rus one cannot help noticing both. We do not know
sell's old grievance, the elimination of Englishmen which are the most foolish, his brutal and untrue
from the merchant service and the consequent dry- remark that Ruskin's father “ fortunately died in
ing up of the fount whence the Royal Navy has time to give his more gifted son an opportunity for
always drawn its seamen of the storied national and the work he was destined by temperament and
traditional type. The competition of the foreigner inclination to perform,” his idea that “Modern
and what Mr. Russell evidently thinks the quasi- Painters was written at a “tender age,” his igno-
traitorous greed of the ship-owners are fast draining rance that “ Aratra Pentelici” was one of Ruskin's
British forecastles of British sailors. The breed Oxford lecture courses; or his fancies that Arthur
will become extinct; and then, Mr. Russell asks, in " a book called Schooldays at Rugby'”
what is going to become of the Navy? Now, we are represented Matthew Arnold, that Arnold was Pro-
inclined to think that “cheapness" is not the sole fessor of Poetry for nearly twenty years, laboring
ground on which the Datchman, the Scandinavian, all the time throughout the whole academic year,
or even the “ Dago” is preferred to the Englishman that "very few of the external facts of Matthew
in English shipping offices. Besides being “cheaper,” Arnold's life have been made public”; or his opin-
the foreigner is nine times out of ten thriftier, so ions that all European languages are the progeny of
berer, trustier, and (above all) more tractable than the parent Indo-European, that Max Müller is the
his British competitor. Would Mr. Russell, in the most distinguished scholar living, and that “the
light of his own experience in the Merchant Ser- grand results of comparative philology” were “de-
vice, deny that? Mr. Russell babbles a good deal termined by Oriental Societies.” A few minor
of the virtues of “poor Jack”— his characteristic errors like these do not necessarily amount to much.
simplicity,” his childlike nature," and so on. But But we read this book till we had endured thirty or
“Jacks” of this legendary and conven forty of them, and, as in that time we had not come
tional sort has Mr. Russell ever actually met in the upon any criticism of value, we then
gave
it
up.
It
flesh, afloat or ashore? The hard fact is that "Jack," is remarkable that a man should write such a book.
and especially British “ Jack,” is in general much Mr. Stearns says, rather contemptuously, of Ruskin
what his calling naturally tends to make him, a that “ he never learned that a writer should confine
pretty tough customer, who gives his tutelary himself to those subjects with which he is best ac-
“cherub that sits up aloft” and “ looks out” for quainted.” He implies that Macaulay was enabled
him no end of unnecessary trouble in getting him I by means of the "handle to his name” to “obtain
how many


192
[March 16,
THE DIAL
attractive
ornithologists. She has been trained to careful value of such work as this. The publication, in
and ear
publication for any amount of trash.” He calls gland until recent years wills were probated in an
Taine's account of Thackeray a rigmarole, and adds ecclesiastical court of the archbishop of Canterbury;
that "it seems a shame to apply this word to the and when, in 1686, in the Province of New York,
work of so amiable a writer, but there is no other the probate of wills was reserved to the Governor,
that suits the case.” These remarks will suggest to the name of the court out of which this secular
the reader a sufficient criticism upon the work that jurisdiction arose was retained. This record-book
contains them.
of a public court passed out of the county clerk's
office with the retiring clerk in 1811, and was for
Another
A fresh help to an acquaintance with
our feathered tribes is presented by
many years lost to the public among the papers of
bird-book.
Miss Florence A. Merriam, in
his family, until in 1871 it was restored to its official
resting-place. Mr. Pelletreau has edited this valu.
“ Birds of Village and Field ” (Houghton). Miss
able collection with his usual accuracy, and has en-
Merriam has enjoyed unusual advantages for the
riched it with genealogical and historical notes, and
study of birds from her childhood, in the field in
fairly exhaustive indexes of persons and localities.
various parts of the United States, and through the
The true historian does not fail to appreciate the
value
accurate reproduction, of such portions of family
and systematic habits of observation, and the re-
sults she offers upon any points pertaining to her
history as our courts preserve in their records of
theme are to be accepted as having authority.
marriages, probates, and even litigation, will aid in
an important side-study of the social and domestic
In her class-work with students she has felt the
need of a simple “bird-book for beginners," and
life of our forefathers, through which we can best
of their
with unquestioned intelligence has set herself to the
task of supplying the want. Her attempt is limited
age. Perhaps it would have been better not to
to those birds which are most common, and there-
claim that the indexes are exhaustive, as such a
fore the first and readiest to catch the
A verification
claim puts the critic on his mettle.
eye
that are open to the sights and sounds of nature.
through the twenty-six references under " Halsey
and the one hundred and six under “Howell ” dis-
The book is meant as an initial stepping-stone in
the acquisition of bird-lore, and is therefore simple
covers two wrong references and five omissions.
This proves only that perfection is not to be ex-
in every particular. There is no attempt at scien-
tific classification, there are no technicalities; but
pected.
there are plentiful helps in the way of color-keys
Monuments of
Some months ago (THE DIAL, July
for the identification of 154 species of our more
16, 1897) we reviewed the first part
familiar birds, and in choice illustrations and lucid
of Merico.
of Prof. W. H. Holmes's “ Archæo-
and attractive verbal descriptions. Miss Merriam logical Studies among the Ancient Cities of Mexico,"
has much interesting knowledge to convey, original issued in the Anthropological Series of the Publica-
with herself or received at first-hand from bird tions of the Field Columbian Museum. The second
lovers who have bestowed painstaking attention part, now out, continues this valuable work. The
upon the subject. She has given particular promi. area studied is not so full of striking ruins as Yuca-
nence to the usefulness of the birds in their relation
tan, but presents some most important and interest-
to agriculture, in the majority of cases mentioning ing results. Palenque, Mitla, Monte Alban, San
the noxious insects or small mammals on which each Juan de Teotihuacan, are all well-known names.
species chiefly subsists, thereby showing explicitly All but Monte Alban have been frequently described.
the incalculable service it renders to the farmer and Professor Holmes, however, brings out some points
the market gardener. Although one of many bird of interest which are either new or but little known.
books lately published, it is by no means a repeti One or these is the locality of the quarries whence
tion of what has gone before. It has a fresh flavor the stones for the buildings at Mitla were taken,
which will be appreciated by the novice as well as with an account of the mode of work pursued. As
by those who know most of the matter it treats. in Part I., special stress is laid upon constructional
features. The series of panoramic views is con-
Mr. William S. Pelletreau, editor of tinued. The matter regarding Monte Alban, though
The materials of
American history.
Southampton Records” and author admittedly fragmentary, is probably greater than
of a history of Putnam County, N.Y., has before been printed by any student. This
is well known to students of local history, who will mighty mass of constructions is one of the most
now rise up and call him blessed for the sumptuous significant in Mexico.
significant in Mexico. Within easy walking dis-
volume of “Early Long Island Wills ” which his tance of one of the largest cities of the Republic -
scholarly zeal, cooperating with the artistic tastes
Oaxaca
where several diligent collectors live and
of Mr. Francis P. Harper, his publisher, has put where an important scientific institute is located, it
into their hands. The work is an unabridged copy is yet surprisingly little known. From Dupaix to
of the manuscript volume known as the “ Lester Bandelier it was practically neglected. Mr. Ban-
Will Book," and is the record of the Prerogative delier made a hasty sketch-map and some notes ;
Court of the County of Suffolk, N. Y. In En later Professor Starr added a few items. Mr.
ruined cities


1898.]
193
THE DIAL
Maz Müller,
Professor accordingly selected the Fathers, a cart seinen empathy; Das Maulthier sucht im Neber
A hero of
Holmes gives the best ground-plan 80 far presented, glimpse. It was at Paris in 1846, and the poet
with a striking panorama. Much remains to be was then nearing his final state of hopeless physical
done at this interesting site. The latter part of collapse. Says the writer: “One afternoon as I
Professor Holmes's work describes a number of and my friend were sitting on the Boulevard, sip-
fine specimens recently secured by the Columbian ping a cup of coffee, 'Look here,' he said, 'there
Museum from the Mexican area. The Museum is comes Heine!' I jumped up to see, my friend
to be congratulated upon so creditable a beginning stopped him, and told him who I was.
It was a
in anthropological publication; and commiserated sad sight. He was bent down, and dragged him-
upon losing at this time the services of Professor self slowly along, his spare greyish hair was hang-
Holmes, who has been a most competent official. ing round his emaciated face, there was no light in
his eyes. He lifted one of his paralyzed eyelids
It is related of Neander, the Church
A pot-pourri
with his hand and looked at me. For a time, like
from Professor historian, that, being ordered to Carls-
bad for rest under his physician's clouds, there passed a friendly expression across his
the blue sky breaking from behind grey October
express injunction to take no books with him, he
face, as if he thought of days long gone by. Then
pleaded so earnestly for some mitigation of his sen-
he moved on, mumbling a line from Goethe, in a
tence that he was at last grudgingly allowed one
deep, broken, and yet clear voice, as if appealing
work wherewith to soothe the tedium of exile. The
for
” A moving picture! Professor Mül-
load of whom were found at his door by the dis-
ler's book (Scribner) is an entertaining pot-pourri
mayed doctor the next morning. In a case gener compounded of pen-pictures of eminent people and
ally similar to the foregoing one, Professor Max
the club-corner chat of a man of the world and of
Müller seems to have recently had some notion of
letters. The frontispiece portrait of the author is
carrying the “Rig Veda" with him to a dull water-
well-made— but why should this venerable Oxford
ing-place to which he had been banished, by way of professor have thought fit to pose before the cam-
arming himself with a little congenial light reading
era in a gala costume that seems about midway be-
against the ennui of enforced idleness. Other coun-
tween a full-dress naval uniform and the toggery of
sels prevailed, however, and in lieu of books he con-
a marshal of an Orange parade?
tented himself with a plentiful supply of pens, ink,
and paper. The outcome of this expedient is a
The “ Heroes of the Nations” series
pleasant little volume of memories of “ Auld Lang
Old Spain.
(Putnam) is supposed to present
Syne” a "small portion," as the author says, “ of
studies of men and of national con-
the panorama of life which has passed before his
ditions, written in a style both scholarly and popular.
eyes.” The text is divided into “ Musical Recollec-
The latest addition, “The Cid,” by Mr. H. Butler
tions," "Literary Recollections," " Recollections of Clarke, is without doubt a scholarly work, but it will
Royalties," etc., and the narrative begins with a
be read with difficulty by persons not familiar with
retrospect of the writer's childhood in that nest of
the period of Spanish history under consideration.
musicians, Dessau, wherefrom we learn, by-the-bye, The stories of battles, single combats, guerrilla expe-
that the distinguished philologist was himself then ditions, and trials by battle, in which the Cid or his
regarded as an “infant prodigy” in the musical companions engaged, while told in a way that leaves
way, and that in this character he used to be hoisted
no doubt of the writer's familiarity with his author-
upon a table to warble Händel's “Schnell wie des ities, do not form any connected whole, and become
Blitzes Strahl,” and other trying arias. Among wearisome by the repetition of the details of petty
Professor Müller’s musicians are Hiller, Mme. Sonn- fights. The Cid, a soldier of fortune, while prefer-
tag, Mendelssohn, Weber, Jenny Lind, Liszt, Schu- ring to use his abilities in the employ of his native
mann, and others. His list of literati is a long one, prince, served all masters as opportunity offered,
comprising such names as Heine, Rückert, Tenny- and was equally at home in the camp of the Spaniard
son, Arnold, Froude, Ruskin, Browning, Carlyle,
or the Saracen. The best portion of the book is
Emerson, Holmes, Lowell, Macaulay, Darwin, Hux-
that relating to the service rendered by the Cid to
ley, Faraday, etc. With royalty, Professor Müller
Mohammedan rulers, and is a clear statement of
has come in frequent and agreeable contact, and he conditions existing in the various Saracen King-
managed to survive the ordeal even of a meetingdoms, and of the relations between a ruling Moham-
wit the Consecrated Person of Germany himself. medan and a subject Christian population.
One of his most cherished memories is that he once
won a sixpence from the Prince of Wales at whist.
Under the title “ The Sacrifice of a
Professor Müller assures us that on this occasion, a
Throne" (Bonnell, Silver & Co.)
Spanish King.
disputed point of play arising, “I held my own, and
Mr. H. Remsen Waterhouse has
actually appealed to General Bruce!” This was written a book which purports to narrate the events
true courage. The Professor has the sixpence yet. leading to the brief occupancy of the Spanish throne
We may say in passing that we forgot to include by Amadeus, second son of Victor Emanuel I., King
Thackeray in the list of the author's literary peo of Italy. Events there are in plenty, accurately
ple. Of Heine the Professor had but a fleeting stated in painstaking detail, yet leaving the reader
An abdicated


194
[March 16,
THE DIAL
quite in the dark as to the author's opinion of their
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF SPRING BOOKS.
relative importance. No interpretation of them is
given, nor is there any statement of the conditions THE DIAL presents herewith its annual list of books
in Spain which caused the fall of the Bourbons and announced for Spring publication, and believes it will
made impossible the success of Amadeus's govern-
be found as comprehensive and full of interest to book-
ment. In one chapter only is there any approach
buyers as any yet published in these columns. It con-
to a true historical method, and even here the chief
tains over 600 titles,– 100 more than last year's list,
and represents 68 publishers. It is intended that no
value is to be found in the translation of documents,
book published prior to March 1 be included in this
and of speeches by the King and members of the list, and all the books here given are presumably new
Cortes, in reference to the abdication. The author books — new editions not being included unless having
worships bis hero, and endows him with all the new form or matter. A list of announcements of the
virtues, physical courage in particular; but fails to English publishers is given in the English correspond-
show him possessed of either statesmanlike qualities ence (page 175).
or governing ability. As an historical monograph
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
on an interesting epoch of Spanish history, or as a
Stonewall Jackson, by Lieut.-Col. G. F. N. Henderson, 2 vols.,
character study, the book does not meet the require with portrait and maps.— The Life of Admiral Duncan,
ments of the case. Yet for those who are interested first Viscount Camperdown, by his grandson, the Earl of
Camperdown, with portraits.-A Memoir of Major-General
in a prince per se, and care to read petty personal Sir Henry Creswick Rawlinson, Bart., by George Rawlin-
characteristics, the author, in somewhat pompous
son, M.A., Canon of Canterbury, with portraits. - The Life
and Letters of Henry Reeve, C.B., by J. K. Laughton,
style and with a lack of connectiveness which is often
M.A.- The Life and Letters of Sir George Savile, Bar
exasperating, has furnished some interesting matter. onet, first Marquis of Halifax, with a new edition of his
works now for the first time collected and revised, by H. C.
Foxcroft, 2 vols. - The Memoirs of a Highland Lady, the
autobiography of Elizabeth Grant of Rothiermurchus,
afterwards Mrs. Smith of Baltiboys, 1797–1830, edited by
Lady Strachey, $3.50. (Longmans, Green, & Co.)
BRIEFER MENTION.
Cheerful Yesterdays, by Thomas Wentworth Higginson, $2.
-"English Leaders of Religion,” new vol.: Thomas Cran-
The “comic history" is a dreary sort of fooling at mer, $1.25. (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.)
its best, and we cannot give a very cordial welcome to The Life of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, 1737–1832, with his
the latest example of that species of humor. Mr.
correspondence and public papers, edited by Kate Mason
Rowland, 2 vols., illus., $6.—" American Men of En-
Charles M. Snyder is the author, and his book is a
ergy,” first vol.: Benjamin Franklin, by Edward Robins.-
“Comic History of Greece" (Lippincott). The sort of "Heroes of the Reformation,” first vol.: Martin Luther
thing he gives us to the amount of four or five hundred by Henry E. Jacobs, D.D., illus., $1.50.- The Life of
pages may be illustrated by a specimen taken at ran-
Henry Bradley Plant, by G. Hutchinson Smyth, D.D.,
with portraits. - The Life and Correspondence of Rufus
dom : “The soil of Greece was principally the result of King, edited by his grandson, Charles R. King, M.D.,
contact with the Persians, who soiled everything on
Vol. V., $5. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
which they laid hands. Very little could be raised upon Here and There and Everywhere, reminiscences, by Mrs. M. E.
it except levies and a particularly violent species of
W. Sherwood, with portraits, $2.50. (H. S. Stone & Co.)
Cain.” Of such cheap journalistic wit is this volume
Joseph Jefferson at Home, by Nathan Haskell Dole, illus.
from photographs, $1.50. (Estos & Lauriat.)
all compact, and the illustrations are as cheap and val.
Brief Lives, chiefly of contemporaries, set down by John
gar as the text.
Aubrey between the years 1669 and 1696, edited from the
Mr. L. H. Bailey, with a certain amount of specialist
author's MSS. by Andrew Clark, 2 vols., with facsimiles.
(Oxford University Press.)
collaboration, has produced in “Garden-Making” (Mac Memoirs of James Kent, LL.D., late Chancellor of the State
millan) a complete vade mecum for the amateur who is of New York, by his great-grandson, William Kent, with
fortunate enough to have a cultivable plot of ground
portrait. (Little, Brown, & Co.)
about his house. The little book is simply packed with
Napoleon III. and his Court, by Imbert de St. Amand, illas.,
information about the treatment of flowers and orna-
$1.50.- The Engene Field I Knew, by Francis Wilson,
illus., $1.25; also a limited edition, with special features,
mental shrubs, of fruits and vegetables, all extremely $4. net. (Chas. Scribner's Sons.)
practical in its form of statement, yet having an eye Washington after the Revolution, 1784-1799, by William S.
constantly fixed upon the æsthetic side of the subject.
Baker, $2.50. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
A more useful book of its sort we have never seen, or
“Foreign Statesmen," new vols.: Mirabeau, by P. F. Willert;
Mazarin, by Arthur Hassall; Louis XIV., by H. O. Wake-
one more indispensable to the amateur gardener. The
man; per vol., 75 cts. Social Hours with Celebrities, by the
same writer's “ First Lessons with Plants” (Macmillan) late Mrs. W. Pitt-Byrne, edited by her sister, Miss R. H.
is an equally admirable work, being addressed to teach-
Busk, 2 vols., illus. (Macmillan Co.)
ers of very young people, and designed as a help in
The Life of Saladin, by Beba ed. Din (1137–1193 A.D.), com-
pared with the original Arabic and annotated by Lieut. Col.
what it is the fashion of the day to call “nature study" Conder, LL.D., $3.50.-- Life of Hogarth, by Austin Dob-
in the elementary schools.
son, new and enlarged edition, illus., $4.50. (New Am-
“The Miniature Oxford Horace," just published by
sterdam Book Co.)
The First American Itinerant of Methodism (William Wat-
Mr. Henry Frowde, includes the complete works of the ters), by Rev. D. A. Watters, B.D. (Curts & Jennings.)
poet, edited by the Dean of Lincoln, in one small vol The Autobiography of Charles H. Spurgeon, compiled by his
ume of pocketable size. There is not a word of En wife and private secretary, 4 vols., illus. (F. H. Revell Co.)
glish anywhere in or about the book. Annotation is Memorial of the Rev. Nathaniel G. Clark, D.D., by his widow,
reduced to a minimum, being confined to an occasional
$1. – Recollections of a Nonagenarian, an autobiography,
variant reading, but the text is printed upon writing
by Rev. J. C. Holbrook, $1. (Congregational S. S. and
Pub'g Society.)
paper with margins wide enough to permit the owner Eugene Field in his Home, by Ida Comstock Below. (E. P.
to make his own notes.
Dutton & Co.)


1898.]
195
THE DIAL
-
HISTORY.
“Story of the Nations," new vols.: The Building of the
British Empire, 1558_1895, by Alfred Thomas Story, 2 vols.;
The Story of the Franks, by Lewis Sergeant; Modern
Spain, by Martin A. S. Hume; each illus., per vol., $1.50.
The Historical Development of Modern Europe, 1815-
1880, by Charles M. Andrews, Part II., from 1850 to the
present time, $2.50.- A History of the Parish of Trinity
Church in the City of New York, compiled and edited by
Morgan Dix, S.T.D., 3 vols., illus.-Rome and the Empire,
by Emile Thomas. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
The Story of the Malakand Field Force, 1897, by Winston L.
Spencer Churchill, with maps and plans.- Drake and the
Tudor Navy, with a history of the rise of England as a
maritime power, by Julian Corbett, 2 vols., illus. (Long-
mans, Green, & Co.)
The First Republic in America, by Alexander Brown, D.C.L.,
with portrait, $7.50 net. - The Pilgrims in their Three
Homes, England, Holland, and America, by William Elliot
Griffis, illus., 75 cts. (Houghton, Miffin & Co.)
The Founding of the German Empire by William I., by Hein-
rich von Sybel, trans. by Helene Schimmelfening White,
Vol. VII., completing the work, $2. (T. Y. Crowell & Co.)
The Diplomatic History of America, its first chapter (1452–
1493–1494), by Henry Harrisse, with map, limited edition,
$2.50 net." (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
American History Told by Contemporaries, edited by Albert
Bushnell Hart, Vol. III., National Expansion, 1783-1845;
Vol. IV., Welding of the Nation, 1846-1896; per vol., $2.
(Macmillan Co.)
A History of the United States Navy, by Edgar S. Maclay,
new edition, revised and enlarged.- A French Volunteer
in the War of Independence the Chevalier de Pontgi-
baud) trans. and edited by Robert B. Douglas. (D.
Appleton & Co.)
History of the Royal Navy, from the earliest times to the
present day, edited by William Laird Clowes, Vol. II.
(Little, Brown, & Co.)
True History of the Missouri Compromise and its Repeal, by
Mrs. Archibald Dixon, $4. (Robt. Clarke Co.)
The Fall of Rome, and the rise of the new nationalities, by
John G. Sheppard, $1.50. (Geo, Routledge & Sons.)
History of the People of Israel, from the beginning to the
destruction of Jerusalem, by Prof. Carl Heinrich Cornill,
$1.50. (Open Court Pub'g Co.)
A History of our Country, by Edward S. Ellis, A.M., illus.,
$1. net. (Lee & Shepard.)
“Studies in Historical and Political Science," new vols.:
England's Industrial Experiments in the American Colo-
nies, by Eleanor L. Lord; West Florida in its Relation to
the Historical Cartography of the United States, by H. E.
Chambers; Anti-Slavery Leaders of North Carolina, by
J.S. Bassett; Life and Administration of Sir Robert Eden,
by B. C. Steiner; The Transition of North Carolina from a
Colony to a State, by E. W. Sikes ; History of State Bank-
ing in Maryland, by A. C. Bryan; The Maryland and Vir
ginia Boundary Controversy, by L. N. Whealton; The
Labadist Colony in Maryland, by B. B. James; Early
Development of Chesapeake & Ohio Canal Project, by
G. W. Ward. (Johns Hopkins Press.)
The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, edited by Reuben
Gold Thwaites, Vols. XV. to XXV., per vol., $3.50.
(Burrows Bros. Co.)
The Founders of Rome, by George S. Potter, 25 cts. (Peter
Paul Book Co.)
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Robert Burns and Mrs. Dunlop, correspondence now published
for the first time, with elucidations by William Wallace,
2 vols., illus, in photogravure, $5.- Wisdom and Destiny,
essays, by Maurice Maeterlinck, $1.75.-Charles Dickens,
a critical study, by George Gissing, $2. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
Brunetière's Manual of the History of French Literature,
authorized translation, with portraits. (T. Y. Crowell & Co.)
“Literatures of the World,” new vol.: Italian Literature, by
Richard Garnett. (D. Appleton & Co.)
Letters of Victor Hugo, edited by Paul Meurice, second series,
$3.- The Old Rome and the New, and other studies, by
William J. Stillman, $2.- French Essayists and Romancers,
by Malle. Yetta Blaze de Bury. - The Children of the
Future, by Nora A. Smith, $1. (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.)
The Writings of Thomas Jefferson, edited by Paul Leicester
Ford, Vol. IX., $5.- Matthew Arnold and the Spirit of the
Age, papers of the English Club of Sewanee, edited by
Rev. Greenough White, A.M. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.