308 (6 THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Fournal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information VOLUME XXX. JANUARY 1 to JUNE 16, 1901 CHICAGO THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS 1901 051 D54 V. 30 INDEX TO VOLUME XXX. PAGE Sara A. Hubbard . Charles Leonard Moore Irving K. Pond Frederick W. Gookin Shailer Mathews. W. E. Burghardt DuBois C. A. L. Richards George S. Goodspeed Edwin Erle Sparks Harry Pratt Judson James Oscar Pierce Francis W. Shepardson M. B. Hammond John Bascom 0 . William Morton Payne Wallace Rice Edith Kellogg Dunton W. A. Chamberlin George Horton • ADAM AND EVE, A MODERN ÆSTHETIC, A DASH INTO AMERICAN DIPLOMAT AND MAN OF LETTERS, AN ARCHITECTURE, A DICTIONARY OF BANKING, Two BOOKS ON BIBLE DICTIONARY, HASTINGS'S BLACK WORLD, STORM AND STRESS IN THE Books, PRICES OF . BOOKS OF THE CENTURY, THE GREAT BROOKS, PHILLIPS, LIFE OF BUDDHISM, TRUE AND FALSE CHICAGO UNIVERSITY CHRISTIANITY IN AMERICA BEFORE COLUMBUS COLONIZATION IN ALL AGES CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, THORPE's Cox's WAR REMINISCENCES ECONOMIC LITERATURE, RECENT FAITH AS A THEORY AND AS AN EXPERIENCE Famous CAREER, BEGINNINGS OF A FICTION, RECENT BOOKS OF . FINDING A FRESH LAND FRANGIPANI'S RING, STORY OF GERMAN LITERATURE, OUTLINES OF GREECE, MODERN, SONGS OF HARE, AUGUSTUS TO DATE HISTORICAL NOVEL, A LOOK AT THE HISTORY, PERVERSION OF HOMER IN THE VULGAR TONGUE IDEALISM, INTERMITTENT IDEAS, AN HISTORIAN OF ILLINOIS HISTORY, CHAPTERS FROM INDIANA, LITERATURE IN IRON CHANCELLOR IN A NEW LIGHT JOURNALIST'S REMINISCENCES, A · LETTER-WRITER AND POET . “ LITERARY PLAY," TRIUMPH OF THE LITERATURE, TENDENCIES IN MEADE, GENERAL, PENNYPACKER'S LIFE OF MEANING, SCIENCE OF Moody, WILLIAM VAUGHN, POETRY OF MUSIC AND Music CULTURE, ESSAYS ON MUSIC, TEN YEARS OF MYERS, FREDERIC . NAPOLEON, Miss TARBELL'S NATURE, A JOURNEY TO . NERVOUS FUNCTIONS, NOVEL VIEWS OF New YORK FRONTIER, THE OLD NOVEL AND THE PLAY OLD NASSAU, A GLIMPSE OF ORIENTAL RUGS AND RUG MAKING OXFORD MEMORIES PARISH HISTORY EXTRAORDINARY PARKER, THEODORE, AND HIS TIMES PATMORE, COVENTRY, HIS RELATIVES AND FRIENDS . PHILANTHROPY, PRESCIENT PHILIPPINES, CHURCH IN THE POETIC DRAMA, A Alfred Sumner Bradford Ephraim D. Adams William Cranston Lawton Mary B. Swinney Paul Shorey Edwin E. Sparks Martin W. Sampson 104 256 184 302 13 43 262 179 5 133 267 389 12 373 331 369 232 305 260 109, 268 15 227 231 106 297 67 229 70 181 396 266 138 329 225 9 391 325 394 298 365 107 293 95 374 333 139 398 33 301 137 102 372 42 37 363 190 71 . Margaret F. Sullivan Charles Leonard Moore . Paul Shorey William Morton Payne Ingram A. Pyle . . Josiah Renick Smith William Morton Payne . Joseph Jastrow Henry C. Matthews Charles Leonard Moore Percy Favor Bicknell Frederick W. Gookin . . . Arthur Howard Noll Clark Sutherland Northup . Wallace Rice Edward E. Hale, Jr. 107010 iv. INDEX. PAGE . . William Morton Payne Annie Russell Marble A. M. Wergeland Ingram A. Pyle James Rowland Angell . . 0 POETRY, RECENT POETS, NINETEENTH CENTURY, MESSAGES OF POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY, RECENT ENGLISH POND, MAJOR, IN REMINISCENT MOOD PSYCHOLOGY, FACT AND FABLE IN PUBLIC LIBRARIES, OUR . PUBLIC SCHOOL LEGISLATION IN ILLINOIS RELIGIOUS DISCUSSIONS, RECENT SOCIAL ETHICS, ATTEMPTS AT SOUTH AFRICA, WAR AND POLITICS IN SOUTH AFRICA, WAR IN . STAGE, OUR CONTEMPORARY STANFORD, THE CASE AT STOIC, A MODERN SYMPATHY, A DIFFICULTY OF TENNYSON, EARLY POEMS OF TRAGEDY, OUR IDEA OF TRAVEL, SOME RECENT BOOKS OF VENETIAN REPUBLIC, HAZLITT'S WHITE, GILBERT, OF SELBORNE WORLD'S FUTURE, HINGE OF THE John Bascom Charles R. Henderson Wallace Rice Wallace Rice Ingram A. Pyle 140 97 336 40 264 65 129 17 400 76 340 335 7, 221 68 255 192 187 73 370 304 44 . . Percy Favor Bicknell • Albert E. Jack Edward E. Hale, Jr. Hiram M. Stanley Charles H. Haskins Sara A. Hubbard Wallace Rice . . . ANNOUNCEMENTS OF SPRING Books, 1901 BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS . BRIEFER MENTION Notes. TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS LISTS OF New Books 197 18, 46, 78, 111, 146, 193, 236, 270, 306, 342, 375, 402 21, 50, 82, 114, 148, 197, 239, 273, 346, 378, 405 22, 51, 83, 115, 149, 205, 239, 273, 309, 346, 379, 405 23, 84, 150, 240, 347, 379 23, 51, 84, 115, 150, 241, 274, 310, 348, 380, 406- PAGE 106 . . . . . . . . . . AUTHORS AND TITLES OF BOOKS REVIEWED. PAGE Abbott, G. F. Songs of Modern Greece Banfield, Frank. John Wesley 82 Abbott, Lyman. Hints for Home Reading, new ed. 149 Baring-Gould, S. Virgin Saints and Martyrs 346 Adams, J. A. Victoria . 405 Barrett, R. S. Guide to City of Mexico, new ed. 149 Adams, O. F. Dictionary of American Authors, Bass, Florence. Stories of Pioneer Life 309 fourth edition 206 Bates, Herbert. Ruskin's Sesame and Lilies . 51 Addison, D. D. Clergy in Am. Life and Letters 308 Bates, Katharine Lee. Spanish Highways and Aiken, C. F. The Dhamma of Gotama 267 Byways 75 Albee, Helen R. Mountain Playmates . 104 Batson, H. M., and Ross, E. D. Omar Khayyam 50 Alfred, King, Old South Leaflets from . 346 Bax, Ernest Belfort. Jean Paul Marat 229 Allen, Alexander V. G. Phillips Brooks 133 Beddard, F. A. A Book of Whales . 113 Allen, Edward A. School Grammar 115 Beeching, H. C. Study of Poetry 347 Altsheler, J. A. In Hostile Red . . 110 Bellaigue, Camille. Musical Studies and Silhouettes 108 American Engineering Competition 205 Bennett, F. M. Monitor and Navy under Steam 79 Amery, L. S. Times History of South African War 340 Benson, B. K. Who Goes There? 110 Andrews, C. M. Historical Development of Mod Bergen, Joseph Y. Foundations of Botany 82 ern Europe, student's edition 83 Besant, Sir Walter. East London 307 Andrews, Jane. Stories of My Four Friends . 83 Bierbower, Austin. How to Succeed 114 Anitchkow, Michael. War and Labour 235 Bismarck, Love Letters of . . . 329 Aptborp, W. F. The Opera 237 Bittinger, Lucy F. Germans in Colonial Times . 81 Archibald, J. F. J. Blue Shirt and Khaki 376 Blake, M. M. Glory and Sorrow of Norwich . 110 Armstrong, Geneva. Howitt's Queens of England 205 Blashfield, Mr. and Mrs. E. H. Italian Cities . 306 Arnold-Forster, H. 0. War Office, Army and Blok, P. J. History of the Netherlands, Vol. III. 197 Empire 77 Boone, H. B., and Brown, Kenneth. Eastover Arnold Sale, Catalogue of 274 Courthouse 268 Ashe, E. Oliver. Besieged by the Boers 77 Boothby, John. Under England's Flag 147 Askwith, E. H. Christian Conception of Holiness 17 Botsford, G. W. History of Rome . 309 Atkins, J. B. The Relief of Ladysmith 77 Bourinot, Sir J. G. Canada 344 Ayres, Alfred. Some Ill-Used Words . 309 Bowdoin, W. G. Rise of the Book-Plate 344 Babcock, C. L. Study in Case Rivalry . 378 Boyle, Hon. Mrs. Sylvana's Letters 82 Bacon, John M. By Land and Sky 345 Bradford, Amory H. Age of Faith 306 Baildon, H. Bellyse. Robert Louis Stevenson 345 Bradshaw, S. E. On Southern Poetry prior to 1860 83 Bailey, L. H. Principles of Vegetable-Gardening 149 Brady, Cyrus T. Under Tops'ls and Tents . 404 . . 74 . . . . . I . . . . . . - .: INDEX. v. O 46 . . . . 50 . . 115 . . . . . . . . . 377 PAGE Bréal, Michel. Semantics 298 British Case against Boer Republics . 76 Brooke, Stopford A. English Literature, revised ed. 21 Brooke, S. A. Religion in Literature and Life 309 Brooke, S. A., and Rolleston, T. W. Treasury of Irish Poetry 378 Brooks, Geraldine. Dames and Daughters of Colonial Days 82 Brown, Abram E. Faneuil Hall 378 Brown, Alexander. English Politics in Early Virginia . 343 Brown, T. E., Collected Poems of 11 Brown, William G. Andrew Jackson 18 Browne, G. Waldo. Paradise of the Pacific 74 Browne, G. Waldo. Pearl of the Orient 74 Brownson, H. F. 0. A. Brownson's Latter Life Bruce, Richard I. The Forward Policy 80 Bullen, Frank T. A Sack of Shakings . 308 Bullen, F. T. Men of the Merchant Marine 113 Bullen, F. T. With Christ at Sea 196 Burdett-Coutts, Mr. Sick and Wounded in South Africa 341 Burt, Mary E. Mrs. Custer's The Boy General . 273 Burton, J. H. The Book Hunter, new edition 83 Butler, Samuel. Homer's Odyssey 70 Caldecott, Alfred. Philosophy of Religion 306 Callahan, J. M. Diplomatic History of the Southern Confederacy 404 Cannon, James G. Clearing Houses 15 Carman, Bliss, and Hovey, Richard. Last Songs from Vagabondia 144 Carnegie, Andrew. The Gospel of Wealth 235 Carnegie Library (Pittsburg) Catalogue 115 Carpenter, F. I. Selections from Byron. Carpenter, W. Boyd. Religious Spirit in the Poets 205 Carrington, Dean. Anthology of French Poetry 82 Cartwright, Julia. Madame, new edition 149 Carus, Paul. Whence and Whither . 18 Cecil, Evelyn. On Eve of the War Chadwick, J. W. Theodore Parker . 42 Chamberlain, D. B., and Harrington, K. P. Songs of All Colleges . 240 Champneys, Basil. Coventry Patmore 37 Chapin, Anna A. Masters of Music . 271 Chatty Readings in Elementary Science 405 Cheyney, E. P. Industrial and Social History of England. 346 Choate, Joseph H. Abraham Lincoln 205 Churchill, W. S. Ian Hamilton's March 77 Churchill, W. S. London to Ladysmith 77 Clark, John B. Distribution of Wealth 232 Clark, J. Scott. Study of English and Am. Poets 21 Clifford, Mrs. W. K. The Likeness of the Night 238 Clodd, Edward. Story of the Alphabet 146 Clouston, J. Storer. The Duke 270 Clutton-Brock, A. Eton 114 Clymer, W. B. Shubrick. J. Fenimore Cooper . 308 Cocktail Book, The 22 Cole, David, and Ferris, M. P. Tarrytown Church Records 274 Cole, Samuel V. In Scipio's Gardens Colegrove, F. W. Memory. 79 Collbran, Christine. An American Girls Trip 75 Collier, William M. The Trusts . Collins, J. C. Early Poems of Tennyson 192 Colorado Grand Cañon, Glimpses of the 21 Commerce and Christianity . 402 Comstock, G. C. Text-Book of Astronomy 405 21 PAGB Condit, I. A. The Chinaman as We See him 45 Connell, J. S. Our Nation's Need 402 Coolbrith, Ina D. O'Connell's Songs from Bohemia 273 Cooper's Works, illus. by C. E. Brock 115 Corbett, Julian. Successors of Drake Corelli, Marie. Patriotism or Self-Advertisement 20 Courtney, W. L. The Idea of Tragedy 187 Cox, Jacob D. Military Reminiscences . . 369 Crane, Stephen. Great Battles of the World · 114 Crane, Walter. Decorative Illustration of Books, revised edition . 379 Crawford, J. H. Autobiography of a Tramp 19 Cross, R. J. Dante's Divina Commedia 309 Crowninshield, Frederic Pictoris Carmina . 142 Cunningham, W. Western Civilization, Vol. II. 271 Curtis, W. E. Between the Andes and the Ocean 74 Cusack-Smith, Sir W. Encyclopedia of Whist. 347 D'Annunzio, Gabriele. The Dead City · 187 Dasent, G. W. Burnt Njal, new edition Davis, Nina. Songs of Exile. 239 Davis, R. H. With Both Armies in South Africa 77 Dawson, W. H. German Life 377 De Roo, P. History of America before Columbus 12 Desmolins, Edmond. Boers or English 76 Dew-Smith, Alice. Diary of a Dreamer 20 Dix, Morgan. History of Trinity Parish 372 Dobson, Austin. Puckle's Club 346 Dodd, Anna Bowman. Falaise 76 Dole, C. F. Religion of a Gentleman 17 Dolsen, Grace N. Philosophy of Nietzsche 240 Dorr, Julia C. R. Afterglow 144 Doyle, A. Conan. The Great Boer War 78 Dreyfus, Alfred. Five Years of My Life Dunlop, Robert. Daniel O'Connell 78 Durham, C. L. Subjunctive Substantive Clauses in Plautus 378 Easby-Smith, J. S. Songs of Alcæus 405 Eckstorm, Fannie H. The Bird Book . 238 Edwards, Neville P. Story of China 46 Egerton, Hugh E. Sir Stamford Raffles 47 Elliot, D.G. Synopsis of North American Mammals 378 Englishman's Love-Letters 378 English woman's Love Letters. 194 Evans, Robley D. A Sailor's Log , 375 Fairchild, G. T. Rural Wealth and Welfare . 234 Farrelly, M. J. Settlement after South African War 78 Finck, H. T. Songs and Song Writers 107 Fiske, Lewis R. Man-Building . 307 FitzGerald, E. Miscellanies 115 Flynt, Josiah. Notes of an Itinerant Policeman . 401 Flynt, Josiah, and Walton, Francis. Powers That Prey 401 Flint, Martha B. A Garden of Simples 20 Forbidden Paths in the Land of Og 76 Forsyth, G. A. Story of the Soldier 47 Forsyth, G. A. Thrilling Days in Army Life 47 Fox, John, Jr. Crittenden . 110 Fraser, H. W., and Squair, J. French Grammar 309 Freeman-Mitford, A. B. The Attaché at Peking 46 Fuller, Henry B. The Last Refuge. 109 Fulton, R. L., and Trueblood, T. c. Patriotic Eloquence. 23 Gardner, Edmund G. Florence 195 Garland, Hamlin. The Eagle's Heart 109 Garner, R. L. Apes and Monkeys 49 Gavit, Helen E. Etiquette of Correspondence 83 Geddes, J., and Josselyn, F. M. Gil Blas 406 . . . . 77 0 . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . 143 . . 233 . • . . . . . . vi. INDEX. PAGE . . . . . . . . . 306 . . . . . . . 81 51 . . . . . . Gentry, T. G. Intelligence in Plants and Animals 19 Genung, J. F. Working Principles of Rhetoric . 405 Germann, G. B. National Legislation concerning Education 239 Gilbert, Mrs. Stage Reminiscences . 375 Giles, H. A. Chinese Literature. · 193 Gilman, Charlotte P. Concerning Children 49 Glyn, Elinor. The Visits of Elizabeth . 269 Gollancz, Israel. Temple Classics 83, 205, 274, 379 Goodenough, G. Handy Man Afloat and Ashore 238 Goodnow, F. J. Politics and Administration . 48 Goodrich, W. W. Bench and Bar as Makers of American Republic 405 Goodspeed, G. S. Israel's Messianic Hope 195 Gordon, George A. New Epoch for Faith ld, Alice Bache. Louis Agassiz . 377 Graham, William. English Political Philosophy 336 Grand, Sarah. Babs the Impossible. 268 Granger, Frank. The Soul of a Christian 17 Grant, A. J. The French Monarchy . 270 Gray, Edward, and Iribas, J. L. Velasquez Dic- tionary, revised edition 50 Gray, Elisha. Electricity and Magnetism 20 Green, W. D. Life of William Pitt 403 Griffis, W. E. Pathfinders of the Revolution. 109 Griffis, W. E. Verbeck of Japan Griswold, Mrs. F. Burge. Old Wickford 50 Haeckel, Ernst. Riddle of the Universe 18 Hales, A. G. Campaign Pictures 341 Hall, J. R. C. Beowulf 346 Halsey, F. W. Old New York Frontier 398 Hapgood, Norman. The Stage in America 335 Hardy, Arthur Sherburne. Songs of Two. 140 Hare, A.J.C. Story of My Life, Vols. III. and IV. 297 Harper, W. H. Restraint of Trade . 402 Hart, A. B. Am. History Told by Contemporaries, Vol. III. . 149 Hastie, W. Kant's Cosmogony 22 Hastings, James. Dictionary of the Bible, Vol. III. 43 Hatfield, J. T., and Hochbaum, E. Influence of American Revolution on German Literature 239 Hayes, F. C. Handy Book of Horticulture 273 Hayes, F. W. Gwynett of Thornhaugh 111 Hazlitt, W. Carew. The Venetian Republic 370 Hearn, Lafcadio. Shadowings 19 Heathcote, Norman. St. Kilda 75 Heath's Home and School Classics 405 Heckethorn, Charles W. London Memories 112 Hendrick, Frank. Railway Control by Commissions 50 Henshall, J. A. Ye Gods and Little Fishes 377 Hewlett, Maurice. Earthwork out of Tuscany, “ Eversley" edition 379 Hewlett, Maurice. Richard Yea-and-Nay. 110 Hillegas, H. C. The Boers in War 77 Hobson, John A. Economics of Distribution . 232 Hobson, J. A. The Social Problem . 400 Holcombe, Chester. The Real Chinese Question 46 Hollis, Ira N. The Frigate Constitution 80 Holme, Charles. Modern Pen-Drawings 49 Holt, Emily. Encyclopædia of Etiquette 345 Horder, W. Garrett. Treasury of American Sacred Songs, enlarged edition 76 How, Louis. James B. Eads 18 Howe, H. Here Lies Huddilston, J.H. Griechische Tragödie im Lichte der Vasenmalerei . 149 Hudson, W. H. The Sphinx 141 Humphrey, Alice R. A Summer Journey to Brazil 74 PAGE Hurll, Estelle M. Greek Sculpture . 404 Hurll, Estelle M. Murillo . 239 Hurll, Estelle M. Sir Joshua Reynolds 21 Hutton, Miss C. A. Greek Terracotta Statuettes 81 ton, William H. Constantinople . 196 Hyde, Mary F. Two-Book Course in English 273 Hyde, Solon. A Captive of War . 50 Irwin, Sidney T. Letters of T. E. Brown . 9 Jackson, S. M. Huldreich Zwingli 402 James, G. W. In and around the Grand Canyon 73 Jameson, J. Franklin, Correspondence of Calhoun 364 Jastrow, Joseph. Fact and Fable in Psychology 264 Jebb, R. C. Macaulay. 347 Jenks, Jeremiah W. The Trust Problem 233 Johnson, Alexander. History of the U.S., revised edition 378 Jobnson, Elizabeth L. Recollections of a Georgia Loyalist 308 Jones, Edward D. Economic Crises 234 Jordan, David Starr. To Barbara 141 Josephson, A. G. S. Bibliographies of Bibliogra- phies 259 Joyce, P. W. Reading Book in Irish History . 346 Judd, Mary C. Wigwam Stories 309 Kastner, L. E., and Atkins, H.G. French Literature 83 Kearton, Richard. Our Bird Friends Keeler, Charles. Idyls of El Dorado 142 Kilbourn, J. K. Faiths of Famous Men 82 King, Mary P. Comfort and Exercise . 114 King, S. H. Dog-Watches at Sea 307 Kingsley, Charles. Perseus, “Wayside" edition 405 Kitton, F. G. Minor Writings of Dickens . 22 Knight, William. Lord Monboddo 194 Knowles, F. L. On Life's Stairway. 143 Knox, J. J. History of Banking in the U. S. 13 Koch, T. W. Catalogue of Cornell Dante Collection 18 Krausse, Alexis. Story of the Chinese Crisis . Lang, A. Animal Story-Book Reader . 273 Lark Classics, The 82 Latimer, Elizabeth W. Last Years of 19th Century 111 Lay, William, and Hussey, C. M. Globe Mutiny 238 Leavitt, J. Mod. Reasons for Faith 305 Lee, Albert. King Stork of the Netherlands . 111 Lee, Guy Carleton. World's Orators 148, 405 Lee, Sidney. Shakespeare's Life and Work 22 Lee's Automobile Annual, 1901 346 LeGallienne, Richard. Sleeping Beauty 79 Leroy-Beaulieu, P. Awakening of the East 44 Levy, F1 ence N. Art Annual for 1900–1901 . 51 Lewis, C. M. Beginnings of English Literature. 21 Lewis, E. H. Second Manual of Composition 50 Leyland, John. The Shakespeare Country 148 Liddell, Mark H. Selections from Chaucer 240 Lillie, Arthur. Buddha and Buddhism 267 Lincoln, Abraham, his Book 115 Lincoln, Abraham, Religion of . 22 Lincoln, David F. Sanity of Mind 237 Link, S. A. Pioneers of Southern Literature, Vol. II. 115 Lloyd, Henry D. Newest England . 15 Loeb, Jacques. Comparative Physiology of th Brain . 139 Lynch, Hannah. French Life. 272 MacLaren, J. H. Put up Thy Sword 114 Maban, A. T. The Problem of Asia 44 Mallock, W. H. Lucretius on Life and Death 82 Markham, Violet R. South Africa. 77 Marshall, Beatrice. Emma Marshall 113 Marshall, Nina L. Tbe Mushroom Book 195 46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 . . INDEX. vii. . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . 367 . . . . PAGE PAGE Martin, E. S. Lucid Intervals 82 Pier, Arthur S. The Sentimentalists 268 Martin, William A. P. Siege of Peking 148 Plumbe, G. E. Daily News Almanac, 1901 83 Maryon, Maud. How the Garden Grew 196 Poe's Tales, Selections from 239 Mason, D. G. Poems of Philip Henry Savage 50 Pollard, A. W. Library of English Classics 51, 239 lason, E. G. Chapters from Illinois History 266 Pond, J. B. Eccentricities of Genius 40 Mason, R. Osgood. Hypnotism and Suggestion . 342 Pooler, C. K. Translations 146 Mathews, Shailer. The French Revolution 272 Pott, F. L. Hawks. The Outbreak in China 45 Matthews, Brander. French Dramatists of the Prescott, F. C. Selections from Swift 240 19th Century 309 Private Life of King Henry VII. . 270 Matthews, Brander. Notes on Speech-Making . 149 Quiller-Couch, A. T. Oxford Book of English Matthews, Brander. Philosophy of the Short-Story 149 Verse. 193 Matthews, Brander, and Hutton, Lawrence. Edwin Rait, R. W. A Royal Rhetorician . 147 Booth, new edition 22 Raleigh, Walter. Milton · 197 McCrackan, W. D. Rise of Swiss Republic, Ralph, Julian. An American with Lord Roberts . 341 second edition 274 Ralph, Julian. War's Brighter Side . 376 McCrady, Edward. South Carolina in the Revo Rambaud, Alfred. Expansion of Russia 18 lution, 345 Rand, Benjamin. Anthony, Earl of Shaftesbury 68 MeVey, Frank L. Government of Minnesota 239 Rand, T. H. Treasury of Canadian Verse 342 Mees, Arthur. Choirs and Choral Music 272 Rawnsley, H. D. Memories of Tennyson . 48 Meurice, Paul. Love Letters of Victor Hugo 344 Raymond, G. L. The Aztec God 194 Mifflin, J. Houston. Lyrics 51 Reed, Myrtle. Later Love Letters of a Musician 21 Mifflin, Lloyd. Fields of Dawn 141 Reinold, H. W. Atkinson's Ganot 309 Mitchell, P. Chalmers. Thomas H. Huxley 20 Robertson, J. M. Introduction to English Politics 338 Mitchell, S. Weir. Dr. North and his Friends 196 Robinson, Albert G. The Philippines 190 Moody, William V. Masque of Judgment 365 Rosebery, Lord. Napoleon 404 Moody, William V. Poems Rosebery, Lord. Questions of Empire 205 Moore, Aubertine W. For My Musical Friend 108 Rostand, Edmond. L'Aiglon . 187 Moore, Charles Leonard. Ghost of Rosalys 71 Rountree, J., and Sherwell, A. Temperance Prob- Moore, E. Dante's Divina Commedia 115 lem and Social Reform, seventh edition 401 Moore, E. M. Spoil of the North Wind 206 Rupert, W. W. Famous Geometrical Theorems 22 Moore, F. Frankfort. Conscience of Coralie . 269 Russell, C., and Lewis, H. S. Jew in London 401 Moore, R. W. History of German Literature 231 Salmon, Lucy M. Domestic Service, second ed. 346 Moore, Willis L. Meteorological Almanac, 1901 83 Sanderson, Edgar. Hero-Patriots of 19th Century 237 Moore bead, W. K. Prehistoric Implements 49 Sangster, Margaret E. Winsome Womanhood 114 More, Paul Elmer. Benjamin Franklin 18 Sawyer, F. H. Inhabitants of the Philippines 190 Morrah, Herbert. Literary Year-Book, 1901 347 Sayce, A. H. Babylonians and Assyrians . 147 Morris, Henry C. History of Colonization . 373 Schenck and Gürber. Outlines of Human Physi- Morrison, J. M. Poems of Leopardi 115 ology 237 Moulton, R. G. Introduction to Literature of the Schuyler, Eugene. Italian Influences . 184 Bible 239 Schuyler, Eugene. Selected Essays . 184 Mowbray, J. P. A Journey to Nature 333 Scoble, John, and Abercrombie, H. R. Rise and Müller, F. Max. My Autobiography . 260 Fall of Krugerism 78 Mumford, John K. Oriental Rugs 137 Seelye, W. J. New Greek Method Musgrave, G. C. In South Africa with Buller 77 Self-Pronouncing Bible Dictionary 379 National Educational Association, Proceedings of Shaler, N. S. The Individual. 48 Annual Meeting of 1900 50 Shakespeare's Hamlet, Sothern acting version. 273 Nettleton, G. H. Specimens of the Short Story . 406 Shakespeare's Henry V., Mansfield acting version 73 Newcomb, Simon. Elements of Astronomy 83 Shakespeare's Works, “Hudson ” edition 239 Nicholson, Meredith. The Hoosiers . 138 Sharpe, R. Bowdler. White's Selborne 304 Norton, A. J. Hand-Book of Havana and Cuba 148 Shaw, G. Bernard. Plays for Puritans 343 Oppenheim, M. Helps's Spanish Conquest, Vol. I. 51 Sheehan, P. A. Cithara Mea 145 Pain, Barry. Another Englishwoman's Love Shields, C. W. Scientific Evidences of Revealed Letters 378 Religion. 305 Painter, F. V. N. Lyrical Vignettes 143 Smeaton, Oliphant. English Satires 197 Parker, B. S., and Heiney, E. B. Poets and Poetry Smith, George H. Logic 405 of Indiana Smith, G. Gregory. The Transition Period 21 Parry, E. A. Love Letters of Dorothy Osborne 274 Smith, Harry B. Stage Lyrics 239 Parsons, W. B. An American Engineer in China 45 Smith, J. R. Earliest Lives of Dante 379 Paterson, Arthur. Oliver Cromwell . 80 Smith and Thomas. Modern Composition and Payne, E. J. Hakluyt’s Voyages, second series 51 Rhetoric. 274 Payne, Joseph F. Thomas Sydenham . 112 Sonnichsen, Albert. Ten Months a Captive . 342 Peabody, F. G. Christ and the Social Question . 306 Sparks, E. E. Expansion of American People 111 Peabody, Josephine P. Fortune and Men's Eyes 143 Sparks, E. E. Men Who Made the Nation 111 Peddicord, W. J. Rudyard Reviewed 20 Spencer, Herbert. First Principles, revised ed. 51 Pennypacker, Isaac R. Life of General Meade 394 Spofford, A. R. Book for All Readers . 149 Pfleiderer, Otto. Evolution and Theology 17 | Starr, Frederick. Strange Peoples 309 Phelps, Charles E. Falstaff and Equity 403 Stead, W. T. Life of Mrs. Booth . 238 Phillips, Stephen. Herod 187 Stearns, F. P. Four Great Venetians 239 . . . . 0 . 83 . . 138 . . . O . . . . viii. INDEX. PAGE PAGR . . . Stedman, E. C. and T. L. Pocket Guide to Europe, 1901 309 Steevens, G. W. Glimpses of Three Nations : : 113 Stephen, Leslie. The English Utilitarians . 396 Stevensoniana 346 Stevenson's Æs Triplex, -- Merrymount” edition : 273 Stillman, W. J. Autobiography of a Journalist . 225 Stockton, F. R., Works of, “Shenandoah " edtion. 21 Stoddard, Anna M. Elizabeth Pease Nichol 81 Strong, Josiah. Religious Movements for Social Betterment 402 Sturgis, Russell. Dictionary of Architecture . . 302 Sutherland, Howard V. Jacinta . 142 Suzuki, Teitaro. Acvaghosga's Discourse . 268 “Swift, Benjamin.” Nude Souls . . 269 Tarbell, Ida M. Life of Napoleon, revised edition 374 Tarr, R. S., and McMurry, F. M. Geography of Europe 379 Taylor, H. o. Classical Heritage of Middle Ages 378 Temple Primers 22, 239, 273 Tennyson, Love Poems of 405 Thatcher, Lucy W. The Listening Child 50 Thaw, Alexander B. Poems 143 Thode, Henry. Frangipani's Ring 227 Thomas, W. H. The American Negro . ! 262 Thompson, J. S. A Day's Song 145 Thorndike, A. H. Influence of Beaumont and Fletcher on Shakespere 274 Thorpe, F. N. Constitutional History of the U.S. 331 Titchener, E. B. Experimental Psychology. 402 Toller, T. N. Outlines of History of English Language 83 Tolman, Herbert C. Art of Translating 148 Tolstoy, Leo. Slavery of Our Times . 401 Tuckwell, W. Reminiscences of Oxford . . 102 Turner, F. S. Knowledge, Belief, and Certitude . 377 Van Dyke, Henry. Poetry of the Psalms . 19 Waite, C. B. History of Christian Religion, 5th edition 347 Wallace, A. R. Studies, Scientific and Social . . 376 Walker, Williston. The Reformation 147 Walter, H. E. and Alice H. Wild Birds in City Parks . 240 Walton, Joseph. China and the Present Crisis 45 Warr, George C. W. Oresteia of Æschylus . 196 Watson, John. Doctrines of Grace. 18 Watson, Thomas E. Thomas Jefferson 112 Weber, W. L. Selections from Southern Poets 205 Webster, Richard. Elegies of Maximianus 346 Wells, B. W. Modern German Literature, re- vised edition . 309 Welles, Charles S. The Lute and Lays 143 Whitman, Sidney. Life of Emperor Frederick 236 Who's Who, 1901 115 Wilkin, Anthony. Among the Berbers . 75 Wilkinson, Spencer. Lessons of the War . 77 Williams, H. S. Story of 19th Century Science . 376 Williams, J. R. Philip Vickers Fithian 301 Willoughby, W. W. Social Justice 400 Wilson, H. L. Adam Duncan 82 Wilson, James H. China, third edition 273 Winship, G. P. Cabot Bibliography 236 Wirth, Albrecht. Volkstum und Weltmacht. 378 Wister, Owen. Ulysses S. Grant 112 Worcester, D. C. Philippine Islands, new edition 240 World's Work, Vol. I. 378 Young, William. Wishmakers' Town, new edition 405 Zang will, I. The Mantle of Elijah . 269 . . 1 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . MISCELLANEOUS. PAGE PAGE . . O . Anti-Slavery Literature, Some Neglected Material in. Alfred Mathews 68 Authors of the Century, Ten Great. Jackson Boyd 36 Authors of the Nineteenth Century, Nine Great. Alexander Jessup 100 Besant, Sir Walter, Death of 393 Chicago Evening Post, Separation of from the Times-Herald 206 County Library, The First, in the United States. A. L. Day 184 Dailies, Our Great, A Much-Needed Reform in. Joseph Jastrow . 182 Etruscan Archæology, A Discredited Museum of. F. B. Tarbell 8 Hall, Fitzedward: An Appreciation. Ralph Olm- sted Williams 131 Hall, Fitzedward, Death of 149 Japan, Grand Old Man of. Ernest W. Clement 224 Library Privileges for Rural Districts. E. I. Antrim 36 “ Library Privileges for Rural Districts.” - A Further Word. W. T. Porter 223 “ Library Privileges for Rural Districts.” A Final Word. E. I. Antrim 259 Library Statistics, Misleading. Purd B. Wright 258 Literary Folk-Lore, Our. George Morey Miller . 327 McClurg, Alexander Caldwell, Death of 294 Misquotation, A Distressing. S.. 68 "Misquotation, A Distressing." Edmund C. Stedman 131 Mother Tongue, The. Carolus 224 Poe and the Hall of Fame. Kate W. Beaver 8 Poe, The Editing of. A. G. Newcomer 183 Public Libraries, Our: A Suggestion. Duane Mowry 132 Pyle, Howard, and the American Farmer. Mary Farnsworth Ames 36 Shakespeare as a Duty. Hiram M. Stanley 9 Stanford University, The Case at. 7 Tennyson, Variations in. W. J. Rolfe . 327 Tragedy, Concerning. Elizabeth Woodbridge . 295 Tyler, Moses Coit, Death of 22 Wendell's “Literary History of America," Some Questions Suggested by. Oscar Lovell Triggs 100 Wendell, Barrett, Professor Triggs on. Gardner Teall 132 “ Wendell, Barrett, Professor Triggs on.' A Reply. Oscar Lovell Triggs 183 Yonge, Charlotte M., Death of 232 Youmans, William Jay, Death of . 274 . . . . . . . THE DIAL a Semis monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. THE DIAL (founded in 1880 ) is published on the 1st and 16th of each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. REMITTANCES should be by draft, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application; and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATEs furnished on application. All communications should be addressed to THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. No. 349. JAN. 1, 1901. Vol. XXX. CONTENTS. PAGE THE GREAT BOOKS OF THE CENTURY 5 THE CASE AT STANFORD UNIVERSITY 7 . 8 COMMUNICATIONS Poe and the Hall of Fame. Kate W. Beaver. A Discredited Museum of Etruscan Archæology. F. B. Tarbell. Reading Shakespeare as a Duty. H. M. Stanley. LETTER-WRITER AND POET. E. G. J.. . . CHRISTIANITY IN AMERICA BEFORE COLUM- BUS. Edwin Erle Sparks . 12 . . THE GREAT BOOKS OF THE CENTURY. On this first day of the twentieth century there can be no subject more suitable for dis- cussion in the pages of a literary journal than that of the famous books produced during the century just ended. The subject is one that has already received a certain amount of atten- tion in other quarters, and that will doubtless be handled by many sorts of pens during the coming months. It is a subject of deep and enduring interest, because it affords one way, at least, and probably the most important way, of determining what the nineteenth century has done for civilization. We propose to confine our attention, in the present article, to the books of thought as distinguished from the books of art, and to enumerate, with some sort of brief accompanying comment, some of the works of the century that may fairly be char- acterized as epoch-making; the books, in a word, that have opened men's eyes to a deeper view of scientific or philosophical truth, and have made permanent changes in the current of human thought. Considered in this respect, the book of the century, beyond any possibility of a successful challenge to its preëminence, is “ The Origin of Species,” by Charles Darwin. The influence of this book ranks it with the treatises of Co- pernicus and of Newton, with the “Contrat Social ” and the “ Wealth of Nations.” It is doubtful if any other book, in all the history of modern thought, has been so far-reaching in its influence, or productive of such immense intellectual results. There is a difference, not merely of degree but almost of kind, between the intellectual processes of the men who lived before Darwin and those who have grown to manhood during the period in which the evo- lutionary leaven has been working in men's minds. We no longer think in the same terms as of old, and we see that the true measure of the power of the great thinkers of the past is to be found in the extent to which their work foreshadowed or anticipated the evolutionary method. It is because the influence of Darwin has TWO BOOKS ON BANKING. Frederick W. Gookin 13 FINDING A FRESH LAND. Wallace Rice 15 RECENT RELIGIOUS DISCUSSIONS. John Bascom 17 Pfleiderer's Evolution and Theology, and Other Essays.-Dole's Religion of a Gentleman.-Askwith's The Christian Conception of Holiness. — Granger's The Soul of a Christian. - Watson's The Doctrines of Grace. – Haeckel's The Riddle of the Universe.- Carus's Whence and Whither. 18 BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS Some notable bibliographical work on Dante. — Short lives of three great Americans. – The story of a tramp in England. - Mr. Hearn's "Shadowings” of Japan. – Tales of a zoophilist. — The Psalms as poetry. —"A Garden of Simples." — Huxley as a leader in science. - Retaliating on Mr. Kipling.–A book of pleasant fancies. — A new volume of Na- ture's Miracles." — Views of the Grand Cañon. - Love letters of a musician. BRIEFER MENTION . 21 . NOTES 22 TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. 23 . LIST OF NEW BOOKS . 23 6 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL thus extended far beyond the biological field cism of sources and ideas, has triumphed so in which his work was done that his most completely that little in the way of superstition famous book stands thus preëminent. Among is left for it to slay. Many men have fought the books that have proved epoch-making in valiantly in this cause, and it is difficult to more restricted fields of thought, we may men. specify individual scholars. But if our test tion Lyell’s « Principles of Geology,” Helm be that of direct influence upon great numbers holtz’s “ Tonempfindungen,” Froebel's “ Edu- of people, it is probably true that the “ Leben cation of Man,” Ruskin's "Modern Painters," Jesu” of Strauss and the “ Vie de Jésus" of and Maine's “ Ancient Law.” The science of Renan have been the most important popular comparative philology, which hardly existed agencies in bringing about a restoration of the before the nineteenth century, dates from the Christian religion to its proper place in the publication of Bopp's “Comparative Gram- perspective of general history. mar"; and the scientific pursuit of historical In the domain of economics, the most influ- scholarship, whose ideals are very different ential book of the century has probably been from those of the eighteenth century histo one whose teachings are repudiated by those rians, although Gibbon did much to anticipate who have the best right to speak in the name them, really began with the publication of of this science. The propaganda of socialism Niebuhr's “ Römische Geschichte." Dalton's has become so marked a feature in the political “ New System of Chemical Philosophy ” laid | life of most of the civilized nations that it can- the foundations for atomic chemistry, and the not be ignored in any survey of the tendencies Mécanique Céleste” of Laplace provided a of nineteenth century thought, and credit must firm mathematical basis for the nebular theory, be given to the book which, more than any previously outlined, it is true, by Kant, but other, has been responsible for this movement. lacking in the confirmation that was brought That book, it need hardly be added, is the to it by the masterly analysis of the French “Kapital" of Karl Marx ; and its force is astronomer. Here is also the appropriate place not yet spent. Indeed, we are inclined to for mention of the researches of Pasteur, which think that fifty years hence it will loom have proved so immensely fruitful in the do even larger than it now does among the writ- main of bacteriology, and upon which, more ings that have most profoundly influenced the than upon the labors of any other investi- thought of modern times. For the socialist gator, the new science is based. To the experiment has not yet worked itself out, and work of Pasteur and his followers we owe it will not be discredited until civilization has the first rational theory of disease and its suffered some very rude shocks. Mill's treatment that has ever been formulated, a "Political Economy,” on the other hand, somewhat surprising fact when we consider while it has profoundly influenced the real the paramount importance of the subject to thinkers in this field, and has an absolute value mankind. far exceeding that of “ Das Kapital,” falls What were once supposed to be the founda- short of being an epoch-making book for the tions of religious belief have, during the cen simple reason that, instead of setting new tury just ended, been sapped and mined by ideas in motion, its energy was devoted to many agencies. The study of ancient civiliza-clarifying the old ones, and to setting them tions has proved to be the merest fables many forth in logical arrangement. It is still the things that the credulous earlier ages accepted best single treatise on political economy that without question. The new scientific view of has ever been written, and for this, at least, it man and nature has also brought about a silent deserves an honorable place in any review of transformation in many matters of opinion the intellectual history of the nineteenth cen- once thought to be indissolubly connected with tury. We are inclined to give a place in this religious belief, but now seen to have little or connection to the writings upon political and nothing to do with it. As far as religion is a social subjects of the great apostle of Italian question of the interpretation of the Scriptures, unity, Guiseppe Mazzini. It is not merely the historical methods that have dealt so effect because they brought about the political regen- ively with Greek and Roman tradition have eration of his own country that these writings also made an enduring impression upon the are of the highest importance — although that traditions of the Hebrew people and of the would suffice to justify the estimate — but Christian church. The “higher” criticism, rather because they brought the element of which means simply the new historical criti. I spirituality into the discussions with which 1901.] 7 THE DIAL they were concerned, and supplemented the period, although now, at the end of the period, conception of the rights of man, of which we see that the former is a waning influence, something too much had been made during while the latter is an influence still to be taken the period that followed the French Revolution, into account in any study of the forces which with the hitherto neglected conception of the still sway the minds of thoughtful men. It duties of man, thus giving an ethical turn to supplies, better than any other metaphysical the general movement of European emancipa- system yet produced, the needed corrective for tion, and allying it with something higher and that material view of the universe which would finer than merely material interests. The seem to be the outcome of modern science, and teaching of Mazzini, enforced by the singular enforces the fundamental teachings of the purity and nobility of his devoted life, has had philosophers — of Plato, and Spinoza, and a widespread influence upon political thought, Berkeley, and Kant — in the terms of the and has given it an ethical impulse that would modern intellect, and with a cogency that is be difficult to overestimate. irresistible to the logical mind. We are Turning last of all to the philosophers, that inclined to believe that if the “ Origin of is, to the men who, as far as may be, take all Species ” is approached in its influence upon knowledge for their province, and seek to sys nineteentb-century thought by any other one tematize the various results of special intel. book, book, “Die Welt als Wille und Vorstel- lectual activity, we find the names of Humboldt, lung" is that book. Hegel, Schopenhauer, Comte, and Mr. Herbert Spencer to be the conspicuous names of the nineteenth century. The “ Kosmos” of Alexander von Humboldt marks, in a sense, THE CASE AT STANFORD the end of the period of general scholarship UNIVERSITY. and the beginning of the period in which The recent case of alleged “interference with specialization has held full sway. Never the freedom of academic teaching ” at Stanford again can anyone hope to master the scientific University bas called out a range of discussion and knowledge of his time in the sense in which criticism that seems to us disproportionate to the Hamboldt mastered it; even the magnificent importance of the case. It was, of course, to be achievement of Mr. Spencer falls short of that expected that the matter would be made the most ideal and shows the futility of any further en- of by sensation-seeking newspapers, and those of deavor in that direction. We owe to Mr. California in particular seem to have improved their opportunities without much regard to the finer Spencer the most thorough-going application of equities or to the injury they might be doing the the conception of evolution to history that has institution and those who have made it one of the ever been made, and that is glory enough for chief glories of their State. Into the details of the one man ; but we cannot read his “ Synthetic affair we do not now propose to go. Broadly Philosophy” without at the same time realizing viewed, it seems less a question of academic free- that there are gaps in his knowledge and de- dom than of academic common-sense. It appears fects in his philosophical comprehension. We that an instructor was asked to resign his position,- have the same feeling in more marked degree as he claims, on account of some sentiments, uttered when we read Comte; and in his case, while by him in a public speech, which were objectionable to the founder of the University; as the other side recognizing his great influence, we must admit that it is an influence no longer active. Even ing, aggravated by some offensive references to the claims, on account of an antagonism of long stand- the eloquence of Mr. Frederic Harrison cannot family of the founder, the instructor questioning in galvanize the “ Cours de Philosophie Positive' his class-room the legitimacy of the fortune by into any semblance of the life that left it a which the University had been established, while generation ago. Nevertheless, it will always not scrupling to accept a portion of the same for- be reckoned among the most influential books tune in payment of his professorial salary. Now of the century just ended. Taking philosophy if these things were true, or Mrs. Stanford believed in the stricter sense, as primarily concerned them to be true, her resentment was natural and with the ultimate problems of thought, the inevitable; and in any event, it seems to us that. names of Hegel and of Schopenhauer stand such generous devotion and boundless liberality as she has shown to the institution whose welfare lies preeminent in the history of the nineteenth so near her heart might fairly have entitled her to century. The “ Logic” of the one and “Die more considerate and more kindly treatment than Welt als Wille und Vorstellung” of the other she has received from some quarters. We do not have been the chief metaphysical forces of the I believe, from all we know of this case, that the 8 (Jan. 1, THE DIAL principle of freedom in teaching is in any serious final significance may perhaps be questioned; but as it danger at Stanford University. It certainly could is the only thing of its kind we have or may for some not suffer at the hands of President Jordan, who time have in America, its meaning to the American was sufficiently well known both for character and people will grow in importance with the years, and it scholarship before he went out to make Stanford is as well to treat it seriously. University one of the greatest civilizing influences, Resolution Six of the rules adopted by the Univer- sity Senate relating to the nomination of candidates and himself one of the greatest individual forces states that “ Any nomination by any citizen of the for good, on the Pacific Coast. United States that shall be addressed to the New York University Senate' shall be received and con- sidered by that body." Why should not all lovers of Poe avail themselves of COMMUNICATIONS. the opportunity therein afforded to place his name in nomination ? KATE W. BEAVER. POE AND THE HALL OF FAME. San Francisco, December 15, 1900. (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) The list of the first twenty-nine immortals chosen for the “ Hall of Fame for Great Americans,” inaugu- A DISCREDITED MUSEUM OF ETRUSCAN rated by the New York University, does not include ARCHÆOLOGY. the name of Edgar Allan Poe. This time, who hath (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) done it? A recent pamphlet by a young Italian excavator, A body of one hundred electors, composed of twenty- Sig. Fausto Benedetti, treats of matters which, though five university or college presidents, twenty-six profes- of immediate importance to only a small group of sors of history and scientists, twenty-six editors and specialists in Etruscan archæology, are indirectly of authors and publicists, and twenty-three supreme court interest to a much wider public. For they affect the judges, State and National — “representing the wisdom scientific standing and the icial honor of Comm. of the American people,” – these are the jurymen who Barnabei, who was lately Director of Antiquities and have failed to find a place for Poe in an American Fine Arts for the kingdom of Italy, and is reported to Hall of Fame. be seeking reinstatement in the same position; and no Literary England, and particularly Mr. Edmund W. cultivated visitor to Italy, no friend anywhere of Italian Gosse, would doubtless question that “wisdom” which art and antiquities, can afford to be indifferent to the shows itself in undervaluing Art. Mr. Gosse regards manner in which that office is administered. Poe as our most perfect, most original, and most In 1888 a museum was established in the Villa exquisite poet, and says that were he an American he Ginlia, situated a half mile or go outside the Porta del would consider the nation's failure to appreciate him Popolo, and this museum has been stocked chiefly with extraordinary, sinister, and disastrous. objects found in the territory of the ancient Falerii, THE DIAL's symposium on “The American Rejec the necropolis of Narce having furnished a large share tion of Poe," a year or two ago, brought out many of the material. This material is professedly arranged warm defenders of the poet, one of whom wrote: “ Poe, according to tombs, the contents of each tomb by in my judgment, was the greatest intellect America themselves; and this separation is all-important for has produced -- assuredly the best artist. His tales scientific purposes, inasmuch as the tombs belong to seem to me the third collection in point of merit in different epochs of Etruscan civilization. The objects literature - the other two being the Arabian Nights from Narce have been elaborately described and dis- and Bocoaccio." And another: « Of all the American cussed in Volume IV. of the “Monumenti Antichi," poets of the day, Poe alone fades not. The rest have the sumptuous archæological periodical issued by the lost color. They worked in daguerreotype; he painted Accademia dei Lincei. So far as appearances went, the in oil.” And still another: “One great good thing in arrangement in the museum and the publication in the a poet like Poe is that he shows what art for art's sake “ Monumenti Antichi” were controlled by a scientific can do. We in America need no incitement to value rigor worthy of all praise. But disquieting charges in literature for its practical worth. We do not need regard to this point have for some time been current; to be told that thought is important, for we know it. and now, on the heels of a whitewashing report made But we do need to be told that art, or style, is of by a governmental commission, there comes a convincing value, for as a rule we are not so much on the lookout attack from the hand of Sig. Benedetti, who conducted for that." the excavations at Narce as a private enterprise of his Why are these defenders of the poet silent now in father's and his own. The title of his pamphlet is the face of this fresh injustice to his memory? “Gli Scavi di Narce ed il Museo di Villa Ginlia” In imagination, creative faculty, analysis, and origi- [The Excavations at Narce and the Villa Ginlia nality, Poe has but one rival in American literature. In Museum); and it is published in Turin by Loescher, musical poetry — in the marvellous use he made of the and in London by Mr. David Nutt. power which the great god Pan blew into him — “none The author was only fifteen years old when, in 1889, sing so wildly well.” To undervalue him because he he began his work at Narce. He has presumably had left behind him no Emersonian rules of life and conduct but little education, and the wonder is that he writes because the glory of his matchless rhyme does not as well as he does. He tells his story calmly, with lie in “ teaching men how to live well ” - is as absurd every appearance of frankness and with full recognition as it would be to undervalue Chopin because he did not of his own limitations. Moreover, he quotes extensively write the Sonatas of Beethoven. from documentary evidence which it is impossible to As the “ Hall of Fame” is a private enterprise, its regard as falsified. So far as the present reviewer 1901.] 9 THE DIAL we can make ont from the evidence before him, Sig. Ben- edetti completely establishes his case. The New Books. It appears that the museum in the Villa Ginlia has been managed with the grossest laxity and falsity. No pains were en to secure adequate records of the LETTER-WRITER AND POET.* excavations, and such information as the young exca- Now and then there crops up in print a new vator was able to supply was disregarded and his memoranda were actually destroyed. The plans of the collection of letters, like Fitzgerald's or Smeth- various cemeteries and of the individual tombs pub-am's or Stevenson's, good enough to set review- lished in the “Monumenti Antichi” are inaccurate or ers of the sanguine sort to hailing cheerfully a wholly imaginary, and the contents of the various tombs have been hopelessly confused. revival of the long-mourned-as-lost art of letter- With good reason may Sig. Benedetti write (page 44): My writing. Such is the case with the two trim labor has been lost, and the loss can never be recov- volumes now before us, the Letters of Thomas ered.” Edward Brown; and it should be said, and It is a deplorable story, but it is better that the noted as a favorable sign, that the marked stir truth should be koown. If the injury, done is beyond repair, at least it is to be hoped that the present of interest caused by them is the result of the Minister of Public Instruction in Italy and his suc- intrinsic and generally unlooked for merit of cessors may see to it that no such scandal in the De the letters themselves, and not of the celebrity partment of Antiquities and Fine Arts shall again be of the writer, - Brown's public, even in his possible. F. B. TARBELL. own country, not having been a large one. University of Chicago, December 20, 1900. An author of no wide vogue at home, Brown has been, we think, even less known in Amer. READING SHAKESPEARE AS A DUTY. ica; and hence a word or so about him now, (To the Editor of The DIAL.) a statement of the main facts in his not very A propos of Mr. Anderson's remarks, in the last issue of The Dial, on my expression, “ We read Shakespeare eventful career, prefatory to the foretaste we as a duty," in the previous number, I may be permitted propose giving through quotation of his cer- to explain that " does not implicate my critic nor tainly remarkable letters, may not come amiss. others. However, I suspect that most educated people, | He was born in the Isle of Man in 1830, and if they were frank to confess, would acknowledge that died in 1897. His father, the Rev. Robert while they enjoy Shakespeare's dramas as acted - the true test of the drama — they do not find them special Brown, Vicar of Kirk Braddan, near Douglas, favorites as read. Though Shakespeare is said by many was a writer and preacher of something more critics to be equally adapted to the stage and the closet, than local repute — a sort of Grandison of the yet, as a matter of fact, he is rarely read save per- pen (as we gather from the notice of him by functorily by college instructors and classes and by some precieuses. In short we are growing beyond the the editor of the Letters), who was so nice in Shakespeare idolatry period, just as we are growing his notions of literary deportment that he used beyond the period of the idolatry of the Græco-Roman to make his son read to him some fragment classics. Like Milton and the Bible, Shakespeare lies of an English classic before answering an in- unopened in most cultivated homes from one year's end vitation.' At fifteen Brown went to King to another, at least as far as spontaneous pleasurable reading goes. If an honest census were made of those William's College, where he distinguished him- who, daily, weekly, or even monthly, turn to the read self in verse composition, Greek, Latin, and ing of Shakespeare “ with delight,” their number would English, and developed that distaste for math. be found to be amazingly small. For those few, how ematics so often coupled with the literary gift. ever, I have admiration and even envy; but I am un- An old schoolfellow, Archdeacon Wilson, willing to admit them as the sole representatives of the children of light, and the saving remnant from Philis- thus speaks of him : tinism in this generation. HIRAM M. STANLEY. “ I can well remember, as a small boy of eleven, just Lake Forest, 10., December 25, 1900. placed in the fifth class at King William's College, having Brown pointed out to me, not without awe. He was said to • know more than any master!' and to have EARLY this year will be published Prof. A. Campbell written the best Latin prose that the University exam- Fraser's new edition, in four volumes, of the Complete iners had ever seen!' ... Of course he never saw or Works of Bishop Berkeley, all arranged in chrono spoke to a youngster like me.” logical order. Professor Fraser has thoroughly revised The “ of course can only be appreciated by and recast his previous edition of the Works, published in three octavo volumes at the Clarendon Press in 1871, those who know from some experience what and now out of print. The Introductions and Notes * LETTERS OF THOMAS EDWARD BROWN, Author of have been practically re-written; and a brief new "Fo'c's'le Yarns." Edited, with Introductory Memoir, by biography will be prefixed. All fresh materials that Sidney T. Irwin. In two volumes. New York: E. P. Dutton have come to light within the last thirty years have been & Co. incorporated throughout ; and this may be regarded as THE COLLECTED POEMS OF T. E. Brown. With portrait. the final Oxford edition of the great Irish Philosopher. New York: The Macmillan Co. 10 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL the “head boy" of an English school is to his it, as I did. Personally, at that time I was afraid of cringing and reverential juniors, who are only him; but be stirred fancy, curiosity, imagination. I too glad to blacken bis boots, and fetch and ing! He was a • widener. He made one feel that should say that his educational function lay in widen- carry for him like so many spaniels. The drop there was something beyond the school, beyond success- from this high estate of “head boy" to the ful performances at lessons or at games; there was a quasi-menial one of a servitorship at Christ wbiff of the great world brought in by him." Church, Oxford, whither he went in 1849, was Brown's letters, as selected for publication a trying one for Brown, as is bitterly indicated by Mr. Sidney T. Irwin, the editor of these in an article on the position of a servitor at volumes and long a colleague of Brown's at Oxford in his time, which he wrote years after Clifton, extend chronologically from 1851, or for “ Macmillan's Magazine.” But to Oxford the period of the author's undergraduateship, he went, and his academical career there is to 1897, the year of his death. Whatever described as a peculiarly brilliant one. He not faults may have been ascribed to Brown in his only won a double First Class in 1853, but lifetime, no one ever thought of calling him found himself, in 1854, “ in the proud position commonplace. His mind was one of quite un- of a Fellow of Oriel ” — as Dr. Fowler records usual turn and content; and he gave it free with academic unction. rein in his letters. He liked, as he said, “to The life of an Oxford Fellow was not, how. please his friends”; and when he took pen in ever, one to Brown's liking. He had no wish, hand to write to a friend he poured out with- he said, to “ fatten on a Fellowship,” por did out stint the best he could say or fancy of the a Tutorship attract him ; so after a few terms topic in hand. He did not " keep his best for with private pupils he returned to the Isle of the printer,” for he was singularly indifferent Man, and became Vice-Principal of King to general recognition, and had no need of William's College. Then he went to the Crypt slaving for that difficult and fickle taskmaster School, at Gloucester, where bis friend Mr. and patron, the public. The not too wide circlə W. E. Henley was his pupil. After a brief of his chosen friends was the public he served stay at Gloucester he was asked to take the by choice, and the one whose approval he valued Moderu Side at Clifton College, Bristol ; and most. most. His love of nature was profound, and there he remained as a master for thirty-six sought frequent expression in word-paintings, years, leading a life outwardly uneventful but a little rhapsodic at times, but often of marked intellectually rich, and productive of work of power and beauty, as in the following picture which the world has taken too little notice. All of the Jungfrau : his published poems were written, and most of “ So the Jungfrau vis-a-vis-es you frankly through them were published, while he was at Clifton the bright sweet intervening air. ... One evening our “ Betsy Lee,” in 1873; “ Fo'c's'le Yarns” sunset was the real rose-pink you have heard of so much. It fades, you know, into a death-like chalk- (including “ Betsy Lee"), in 1881, and in white. That is the most awful thing. A sort of spasm 1889; “ The Doctor and Other Poems," in seems to come over her face, and in an instant she is a 1887; “The Manx Witch and Other Poems,” corpse, rigid, and oh so cold! Well, so she died, and in 1889; and “Old John and Other Poems, you felt as if a great soul bad ebbed away into the Heaven of Heavens: and thankful, but very sad, I went in 1893. These works have now been gathered up to my room. I was reading by candle-light, for it into a rather thick volume of Collected Poems, gets dark immediately after sunset, when A. shrieked which comes to us almost simultaneously with to me to come to the window. What a Resurrection - the Letters. so gentle, so tender - like that sopnet of Milton's about his dead wife returning in a vision! The moon had A former pupil at Clifton, Mr. H. F. Brown rised; and there was the Jungfrau – ob, chaste, oh, (the author, if we remember rightly, of an ad blessed saint in glory everlasting! Then all the ele- mirable book on Venice), writes as follows of mental spirits that haunt crevasses, and hover around the impression he retained of his old master's peaks, all the patient powers that bear up the rocky strong and somewhat rugged personality : buttresses, and labor to sustain great slopes, all streams, and drifts, and flowers, and vapors, made a symphony, “ He never spoke to me out of school, and I never a time most solemn and rapturous. : . A young Swiss knew him at all privately or socially at that time, but felt it, and with exquisite delicacy feeling his way, as his personality made a great impression; his slow sort it were, to some expression, however inadequate, he of urgent walk, like Leviathan, his thick massive figure, played a sonata of Schumann, and one or two of the above all his voice. I used to see him in the distance on songs, such as the Frühlingsnacht.” his lonely strolls about the downs, and his figure seemed to belong to and to explain the downs, the river, the That Brown had in a high degree the artist's woods, the Severn, and the far Welsh hills. I remem- love of expression for its own sake is more ber him walking in the rain, and looking as if he liked evident in the following characteristic notelet: 1901.) 11 THE DIAL - for a “ Last night I had a ramble wbich it would be hard cages. But chance may domesticate you with one; to describe. I went round and round something ; you may, for instance, marry one. Poor Mrs. Carlyle!” probably myself. One point there was upon the cir- On the following somewhat satirical passage cumference - a spark - a ship working her way up channel against wind and tide. The ship was invisible from a letter of 1895, comment were superfluous. in the gloom, but the light — what intense yearning ! “ Have you seen Mat. Arnold's Letters? I hear of and what pluck and energy too! It was like a red a Penny Mat. Arnold published by Stead (!!). Is that diamond, if there be such a thing, boring into black possible? And to be followed by a Penny Clough! ness. I could almost hear the rip-rip of the severing Did you ever ? Is he publishing them in penny num- sheets of darkness; or perhaps, rather, a delicate humbers ? the whole to cost a lot ? Or, positively, can we of the gritty grating stuff through which she had to have Mat. the whole unmutilated Mat. pass. But no, I return to the first idea. The borer, penny? And by Stead? Wonders will never cease. the red diamond piercing the black marble.” Fancy Mat., from that fair heaven which now holds his To many readers not of the now ruling the consolation of thinking that he must be amused dainty ghost, stooping to sniff, etc. . . . Still, one has generation the following note (1881) on Car when he beholds waving a censor in bis temple such a lyle's death will be gratefully intelligible : high-priest as Stead — amused — yes, and note the “ And • True Thomas' is gone. What has he not shrinking nostril, how it curves!” been to men of my generation ? And the younger men The foregoing quotations should suffice to come and ask one W bat was it? What did he teach? show the general tone and the genre of Brown's and so forth; and, of course, there is nothing to be said in that direction. And, if one mumbles something be- letters, and to establish the point, at least, that tween one's teeth (impatiently, rather like a half commonness is the last quality to be predicated chewed curse) - something about a Baptism of fire — of them. Their diversity, their rich allusive- my graceful adolescents look sbocked, and, for the ness, their swift spontaneity, their protean most part, repeat the question, “Yes, yes, but what did he teach?' To which (I mean when repeated) there is mutability of mood, their odd humor, we have no possible reply, but the honest outspoken •D). but faintly indicated. All in all, they seem to us to form one of the richest and most original The note on Carlyle naturally leads up to collections of the kind of recent years. Mr. the following amusing dissertation on genius, Irwin has done his editing well and helpfully, evidently in reply to a friend's plaint of a par- in the main ; but for some inscrutable reason ticular instance of the proverbial seamy side the volumes were issued without an Index, of the man of genius. which they especially need. This omission we “ A genius! that's it. And they are all like that, almost all. Those little falsetti, and affectations, and trust to see supplied in the forthcoming second posings, and putting the best foot foremost; those edition of the Letters, already called for. The cravings for appreciation, the egotism, the self-con volumes are well printed, though not without sciousness (go ahead!), all characterize the genius. You an occasional slip in the spelling, — for in- must take him with them - take him or leave him stance, “Olnet” for Ohnet, on page 220, and alone. But you seem to seek a portent! - - a man of genius and a man of hard practical common-sense “Cuddie" for Caddy, on page 208. knocked into one. The world has produced half a The popularity of Brown's letters will doubt- dozen such men. They are tremendous. But less send people to reading, or re-reading, his Heaven help us! — you must be content with some- poems; and hence the convenient volume of thing less than this, or Nature will never get her men “Collected Poems of T. E. Brown” recently off her hands. “Sell me a genius,' say you. Here you are,' says Nature, handing over a lot, plenty of issued by the Messrs. Macmillan comes with choice : marked in figures ; read Byron, Shelley, especial timeliness. The not very poetic Manx Keats, Coleridge - 'Oh, I want-'Well, what do dialect with which not a few of these earnest you want?' 'A strong, powerful, healthy intellect, and but somewhat rugged productions are plenti- genius as a dooragh.'* • Oh, thank you for nothing! We don't make them. You had better try the shop fully sprinkled may prove an obstacle to some over the way, or give a special order, and we can try, readers; and we should think that a taste for provided you are willing to wait a thousand years or Brown's poetry must in general be something so!' ... This rift within the late' of genius is the of an acquired one. But once acquired it will inseparable accident ... I have no doubt that to be likely to abide, and to prove a source of no many of us it were better if we never got to know men of genius privately. You may depend upon it that, small joy and profit of the high sort that genuine throughout the history of literature, they offended their poetry alone, with a strain of broad human contemporaries by their airs and their bosh, their petti sympathy in it, can give. The volume contains ness and their asinine conceit. Never mind! The world has taken its hat off to these men, and so must we. 736 compact pages, and is the latest number We need not stroke the quills on the back of the of its publishers' admirable series of Uniform fretful porpentine'; let us avoid coming into too close Editions of the Poets, including such masters contact. Perhaps some of them had better be kept in as Tennyson and Browning. A fine portrait of * I. e., "genius to boot.” the author forms the frontispiece. E. G. J. - 6 12 (Jan. 1, THE DIAL in America, either at Bebring Strait, or, after CHRISTIANITY IN AMERICA BEFORE sailing through Polynesia, on the western COLUMBUS.* coast of Central America and Peru.” Accord. In these days of easy authorship and half. ing to this hypothesis, Christianity becomes matured production, it is a strengthening of America's “second civilizer." faith in the survival of learning to take up two Finding here his real thesis, the author an- large volumes that show research and in vesti nounces the apostle St. Thomas as the agent gation requiring many years of patient labor. who brought Christianity to early America, To attempt even a cursory examination of the although that St. James or St. Paul came is multitude of myths and legends on the rela not" an unreasonable induction.” Anticipating tions between the Old and the New worlds the objection that human agencies were wanting prior to Columbus is a task that might dissuade in those days for such journeys, the writer any save a scholar who works under the in takes refuge in the superhuman or the miracu- centive of religious zeal and writes from a fixed lous. “ Is not the whole establishment of purpose. Fifteen pages of closely-printed Christianity one single great miracle too little bibliography reveal a searching investigation noticed ?” Discussion of this point resolves that extends backward from the “moneron itself into the old controversy between the of Darwin to the voyages of Columbus. In Spanish church which claimed the credit for addition to the printed authorities, two pages the evangelization of America, and the other of manuscripts and archives, mostly in the Roman Catholic nations which objected to such Vatican, are included. The Bible, Humboldt's a monopoly. Examen Critique, and Herrera's Historia An examination of the rites of the western General are most frequently cited. Such an savages further strengthens the hypothesis of exbaustive list of authorities on the relations a pre-Columbian Christianity. Crude forms between the two hemispheres prior to Columbus of the confessional are found, as well as baptism, is rarely met with. the eucharist, convents, monasteries, and celi- Rejecting, on religious grounds, the theory bates. Penance is not uncommon; but when of evolution, which he terms the fashionable penance becomes self-torture, it ceases to be a school of science sprung up during the latter church function, according to the author, and half of our century,” as also the suggestion becomes one of “Satan's rites.” Numerous that the American aborigines were pre-Adam- witnesses are found to testify to the finding of ites, the author proceeds to examine the Cave the crucifix among so-called heathen emblems; Dwellers and the Mound Builders as types of of the representation of a man fastened to a people separate from the Indians of Columbus, cross; of the expectation of a Messiab, and and possessing a higher civilization, whose even his birth from a virgin. origin must be accounted for. Such advanced The people of Ireland seem the most likely state is also indicated by ruins in Central agents who disseminated this knowledge of the America, California, Peru, and Brazil. Simi church in America. That no trace of them larity between the traditions of the aborigines remains is due to their relapsing into barbar- and the descriptions of the Old Testament ism. Traditions of the Welsh in America, forms further proof of a pre-Christian civili- the delightful crux of our scientific ancestors, zation. As a means of crossing the waters, are explained by a similar appearance and the author seems to accept Plato's Atlantis, as disappearance of that people. The claims of nearly as he expresses a definite opinion on the Scandinavians are examined through the any point raised. Seeking the peoples by whom sagas, indubitable evidences of them being this civilization was brought from the Old found all along the Atlantic coast from New world to the New, he rejects the Phænicians, York to New Foundland. Between these Jews, pre-Christian Irish, Romans, and Afri- Norsemen and Columbus, the author finds a cans, and, by the law of elimination, is. “in. host of daring men who crossed the “great clined to believe” that these traditions were Sea of Darkness,” thus enabling him to pro. “ brought into America by the nearest descen- claim with evident satisfaction his summing dants of the patriarch Noe, who had taken up, that “knowledge and not genius directed their course in an easterly direction, landing the voyages of Columbus.” Beginning by chance bis inquiries among * HISTORY OF AMERICA BEFORE COLUMBUS. According to documents and approved authors. By P. De Roo. In the archives of the Vatican, the author could two volumes. Philadelphia : The J. B. Lippincott Co. not avoid a pardonable pride in the early 1901.) 13 THE DIAL achievements of his church and a resulting ten fine himself to a narrower field and a less dency to favor her claims. Of this fact he is Of this fact he is pre-judged attitude. Mention should be made confessedly conscious in his introduction. He of the several charts accompanying the descrip- has “ kept a steady eye on the religious par tive matter. In closing, the author announces ticulars "; he admits the “religious trend” of a similar work upon the spread of Christianity his work; but at the same time he has made in America after Columbus. it his “ duty to hear the testimony of dissent- EDWIN ERLE SPARKS. ing and infidel authors.” He apologizes for quoting so frequently H. H. Bancroft and W. H. Prescott, “two authors whose religious Two BOOKS ON BANKING.* ideas are either extremely vague or absolutely null when not inimical to Christianity.” The compiler of a history of banking in the Quite naturally the author's conclusions on United States is confronted at the outset by a a majority of the questions concerning primi- difficulty inherent in the material with which tive days are based upon the Scriptures. For For he has to deal. Should the treatment be chro- instance, after examining the opinions of anological ? or should the subject matter be multitude of scientists as to the probable time divided into histories of banking in each of of the appearance of man on the earth, and the States, with a separate section for banks summing up their widely divergent opinions, chartered by the Federal government? The the author refuses to steer his “exploration latter plan is the one followed by Mr. Knox bark” by their figures, and decides " for pru- in the work before us. This plan facilitates dence to seek safety in the harbor opened the tabulation and orderly arrangement of the us by that venerable book," etc. Similar dis vast array of details which defy all attempts crepancies existing among Bible students upon at condensation ; but on the other hand it this point he easily disposes of by the state- makes the coördination of the material a prac- ment that if we knew more about the Scriptical impossibility and precludes the compre- tures we could the better explain them. hensive view that is essential to complete Aside from the criticism that the work is understanding. The aim of the author was to more of a Middle Age church disquisition than gather all the information possible “upon a modern historical essay, one must note the every phase of banking in every State of the difficulty that always attends such obsolete Union." This work, left unfinished at his methods — the impossibility of rendering by death in 1892, has now been revised and them a verdict upon any mooted question. brought up to date under the editorship of The mind is lost in uncertainty between the Mr. Bradford Rhodes and Mr. Youngman of legendary and the authentic. Only when the “ Bankers' Magazine,” with the assistance resting upon Scriptural ground does the of “a corps of financial writers ” who have author venture beyond the highly probable. furnished sketches of banking history in the In general, he rarely states a fixed opinion. several States. The result is a stout octavo Thus, of the texts of the Scriptures he finds volume of eight hundred and eighty closely that “which one is right and which wrong will printed pages, which, although it contains most likely ever remain a matter of dispute "; much information not elsewhere accessible, is the time and circumstances of the disappearnot so much a connected history as a collection ance of the so-called Mound Builders are of material for one. To a certain extent the “ involved in as deep mystery as those of their book has the advantage of being the work of first appearance"; while concerning the sup a banker of training and ripe experience, who posed evidences of the Norsemen in Massachu. had, moreover, during his long service as setts, "explanation strictly historical is now Comptroller of the Currency, exceptional op- impossible.” portunities for familiarizing himself with the On the other hand, it should be said that no varied details of his subject ; nevertheless, it previous work has disclosed to the general A History of Banking in the UNITED States. By reader so many disquisitions on the possible the late John Jay Knox; assisted by a corps of financial Christianization of the Western world before writers in the various States. Revised and brought up to date by Bradford Rhodes and Elmer H. Youngman. New Columbus, nor made so full a compilation of York: Bradford Rhodes & Co. the many opinions on this vexed question. The CLEARING Houses: Their History, Methods, and Admin- volumes will be read with interest even by Fourth National Bank of the City of New York. New York : istration. By James G. Cannon, Vice-President of the those who lament that the author did not con. D. Appleton & Co. 14 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL ones. is on the whole disappointing. The desire of this way only can true “elasticity " be secured the editors (it is impossible to determine the and the volume of the currency be automatic- extent of Mr. Knox's authorship) to chronicle ally adjusted to the needs of the community. the facts without bias may be assumed to be In a book more than half of which is made the reason why all statement of basic princi- up of articles by some twenty-seven different ples and explanation of events by reference authors, consistent exposition in the light of thereto is, as far as may be, omitted. This is any one view of what is the true explanation somewhat like the play of “Hamlet” with of the occurrences described, is not to be ex- Hamlet left out. pected ; and it is not surprising, therefore, to Strange as it may seem, the principles of find effects attributed to entirely different sound banking have never been well under- causes, as on page 458, where one author stood in the United States, even by bankers thinks the panic of 1857 was due to the low themselves. As a consequence there has been tariff then in force; while another writer, on nothing in the nature of progressive develop- page 512, expresses the opinion that inflation ment with gradual addition of desirable fea of the currency was the cause. Such differ- tures and elimination of defective ences of opinion are perhaps inevitable in a Instead, we have but a sorry record of the work by so many hands. work by so many hands. The editors, how- practical trial of almost every conceivable ever, must be held responsible for not elimi- theory in regard to banking and credit. No nating, so far as possible, the jargon of “the other country has been the field for such a street ” and adopting a scientific terminology variety of foolish legislation upon the subject. in its place. To speak of “ money," when Good banking systems in some of the States “ free loanable capital” is the correct phrase, and bad systems in other States have existed may be sufficiently intelligible to the man who side by side, yet seemingly with little or no borrows or the banker who lends the capital ; comprehension, on the part of bankers, legisla- but the use of such language in a history is in tors, or the public generally, of what consti the higbest degree misleading. What wonder tuted the vital difference between them. At no is it that when people are informed that time has a thoroughly sound, well-considered, “money is scarce" they should jump to the and comprehensive system, adapted in all conclusion that the volume of the circulating respects to the needs of the country, been in medium is inadequate? Yet the simple truth operation. The National Banking Law brought is that it is not money but loanable capital order out of the chaos which preceded its en that has become scarce, because the free cap- actment, and has many excellent features, yet ital of the country or the locality — which free it is far from creating an ideal system. Its capital may consist either of money or credit — very success in protecting the note-holder from is in use owing to increased business activity, loss is responsible for the prevalence of erro or is locked up through apprehension on the neous ideas in regard to the true character of part of its owners. It is true that money and the note-issuing function. This function has capital and credit are, under some circum- always been one of the chief stumbling blocks stances, interchangeable terms; but that need in the way of an understanding of banking not here be taken into consideration, this not principles. Ignorance of these principles led being the place for extended discussion of the to the enactment of laws in some of the States, relation between them. of which unscrupulous men were quick to take Comment in detail upon the many topics advantage, and “wildcat banks” and “ stump- treated in this volume would expand these tail currency were the logical sequence. remarks far beyond the limits of available Even in the States in which the note issues space. As a storehouse of information, it is a were on a sound basis, the volume in circula welcome addition to banking literature. Many tion was regulated more by accident - as, for of the separate articles are ably written and example in New England, through the develop are worthy of separate reviews. Much pains ment of the Suffolk Bank redemption system - appears to have been taken to secure accuracy than as the result of a clear conception of the of statement. While there are occasional governing principle. This principle, stated slips - as, for instance, on page 192, where it briefly, is that no bank should pay out over its is a little surprising to read that the Metro- counter other bank notes than its own, and politan National Bank of Chicago failed in the that provision should be made for daily year 1888, – such mistakes are remarkably redemption in all the commercial centres. In few for a work of such magnitude. - 1901.) 15 THE DIAL The utility of the Clearing House as a labor which obtains among the Boston banks of saving and time-saving device in banking is lending to each other the credit balances aris- now well understood. Curiously enough, ing from the clearing. In commenting upon a although the idea of offsetting mutual demands somewhat similar practice in Chicago, he does against each other and settling them by pay not appear to note the important distinction ment of the resulting balances only, is sim- that the Chicago banks trade their balances plicity itself, the methods by which it is put merely as a matter of convenience and to avoid into practice vary widely. Mr. Cannon has the risk of carrying large sums of money performed a service which bankers will appre- through the streets. The necessity of being ciate, in setting forth in detail, in his book on always prepared to make cash settlements is “ Clearing Houses,” the machinery in use for not in the least done away with. Such settle- this purpose in the different cities in the United ments are liable to be insisted upon at any States, and also in London, in Canada, and in time, and especially in periods of stringency. Japan. The work is that of a banker thor- FREDERICK W. GOOKIN. oughly familiar with his subject and careful in his presentment of it. Clearing Houses in their inception were the outgrowth of a practical necessity. The same FINDING A FRESH LAND.* consideration has led most of these institutions In some glowing words concerning his coun- in the United States to assume functions other try, an American poet sings : than the primary one for which they were “Here the last stand is made, established. Many have become to a greater If we fail here, what new Columbus bold, Steering brave prow through black seas unafraid, or less degree a medium for united action on Finds out a fresh land where man may abide the part of their members. Rules regulating And freedom yet be saved ?" collection charges, rates of interest on deposits, And the answer comes with no uncertain voice banking hours, and other matters, have been in the new book by Mr. Henry Demarest adopted in many cities. The most important Lloyd, an amplification of his recent “Country of the added functions is the pooling of without Strikes,” and entitled, “ Newest En- resources in times of financial stress through gland, Notes of a Democratic Traveller in New the issue of Clearing House loan certificates. Zealand, with Some Australian Comparisons.” This contrivance, the most ingenious which To those unfamiliar with the practical accom. has been evolved from the banking methods in plishments of the statesmen guiding the desti- vogue in the United States, affording as it nies of the English-speaking people in the does a partial remedy for the lack of elasticity antipodes, the book will be a surprise ; to all in our currency, is discussed at length by Mr. idealists and believers in human perfectibility Cannon. While pointing out the great benefit it will be a delight; and to evolutionists gen- which has accrued from the resort to such cer- erally it will be in a sense a stumbling-block. tificates in critical times, he omits to indicate At the same time it is reasonable proof that the disadvantage which their use implies. many things we in the United States have been There can be no doubt that the issue of loan dismissing as utopian dreams are eminently certificates by the New York banks in 1893 practical in unselfish hands, requiring nothing relieved the acuteness of the distress then more abstract than leaders of the people who prevalent; but it is true also that it intensified have the welfare of the people first at heart, the currency famine and subjected bankers with intelligence enough to know where that and merchants throughout the country to a welfare lies. heavy tax by causing an abnormally large dis- In 1890 the people of Australasia found the · count on New York exchange. Alone among world slipping beneath their feet. A huge banks in the leading commercial centres, the strike, extending through the Australian con- Chicago banks have never made use of this tinent and its tributary islands, had been com- device. There are many reasons for this ; | pletely overthrown and the labor element left among them, the certainty of inducing a gasping with defeat. gasping with defeat. Concurrently, financial scarcity of currency, which could not fail to dishonesty and monetary stringency had par- bear with severity upon the great market-place alyzed capital, so that in victory it was no for products always bought and sold for cash, NEWEST ENGLAND: Notes of a Democratic Traveller in has ever been a potent consideration. New Zealand, with Some Australian Companions. By Henry Mr. Cannon very justly criticises the custom Domarest Lloyd. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co. 16 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL happier than its opponent in rout. In this efficient ally of the State against the greed of emergency, as Mr. Lloyd tells us, there arose employers is to be found, the one bulwark in New Zealand a small body of men, themselves against the wholesale manufacture of men of the sons of the people, but sons who had not broken wills and hopeless futures, the govern- forgotten their upbringing, who stepped into ment set about restraining the power of both the gap. The Bank of New Zealand, whining employers and employees for ill, passing a com- patriotism while it plundered rich and poor pulsory arbitration law which at a single move alike, was taken out of a slough of despond made strikes and the attendant abuses of public into which its managers had plunged it, and rights impossible, but limiting its beneficence the country was thereby enabled to weather to members of trades unions alone. A strike the financial storms which all but wrecked the is not legally impossible in New Zealand, but sister colonies. This accomplished, a series a strike by organized labor a strike by organized labor — the only form of of reforms was set on foot, the end of which strike which has proved effective — is impos- is not yet. It is with these that Mr. Lloyd is sible. So a lockout by employers, singly or in chiefly concerned, and they are already so combination, is not legally impossible, but may numerous that little more than a summary of take place only when their employees have them can be given. failed to join themselves to some labor organi- First of all, the New Zealand government, zation. zation. It is significant that both sides not recognizing tramps, paupers, and workless only welcome this innovation upon what some laborers as symptoms of a disease infecting the economists style natural rights, but refuse to body politic, was wise enough to regard it as avail themselves of the recommendation of the only one of several symptoms, among which court below, the powers of which are limited to were also to be counted millionaires when made conciliation, and carry their cases to the point by turning over to private individuals any of where a compulsory decree of the court of last the powers of government for the sake of resort ends the litigation by final adjudication. private gain. The system of taxation was The railroads, prime cause of many great therefore reversed. The tax which bore most fortunes through partiality and private con- heavily on the improvements of land, and so tract elsewhere, already belonged to the state on enterprise and thrift, was taken off, and in New Zealand, yet had been administered by the burden thrown on vacant land. If the a board remote from the popular will. The holdings were large, the tax was proportion- management was placed directly in the govern- ately larger; if owned by an absentee, larger ment, which is fully amenable to the will of still; and the right to purchase any given the people as expressed at the polls. As a re- estate at a ten per centum advance on the sult, the rates are fixed regardless of the wealth valuation given in for purposes of taxation of the shipper or the value and quantities of was legalized — a measure which has given his shipments, and the poor farmer and the relief to scores of New Zealand families by rich manufacturer have exact equality in get- enabling them to leave the overcrowded cities. ting their wares to market. A single policy is Leases in perpetuity, with occupancy as an declared — that of cheaper rates. essential, make it impossible for the land to The government itself, without the interven- return again into the hands of the few. “No “No tion of a banker, advances money on lands for man now dreams," an eminent New Zealander purposes of the improvement thereof, and the is quoted as saying, “of founding a great mortgage shark has disappeared with the rack landed estate in New Zealand." renter. Not only this, but the government finds In the public works, beginning with road. a market in London for the products of New making and extending thence to bridge-build- | Zealand industry, and advances money on con- ing and even to the erection of public edifices, signments, as of agricultural products, in its it has been found possible by the rulers of bands and inspected. The wild dream of the these islands to dispense altogether with the Western and Southern populist, which would services of the middleman, to give the work have had the American government issue de- directly to the workmen, and to give it in such bentures based upon wheat and other grain in a way that the weaker and less efficient among governmental warehouses to the farmer, is in the workmen are fully secured in their chances New Zealand an accomplished fact. of earning such a living as they are capable of Women vote in New Zealand, and every earning. needy individual who reaches the age of sixty- Recognizing that in trades unions the only I five is given a state pension of five dollars a 1901.] 17 THE DIAL week, the moneys for this purpose being secured | The author occasionally pushes his view to a point by a progressive income tax. that is self-destructive. Thus, he says: “If it is All these things have been “made to pay," the methodic cardinal proposition of the science of as Mr. Lloyd is at pains to prove. Within to-day that we have to explain every condition as the short time they have been operative they ceding one, this excludes the appearance of any the causally determined development out of a pre- have been profitable to the country, and taxa- condition, event, action, or personality, which is tion has decreased. It is not pretended that not explicable out of the factors of the preceding all abuses have been rectified. A highly pro conditions and according to the laws of genesis tective tariff still exists, for example ; but in general” (page 9). This assertion leaves no there is a perfect recognition on the part of standing-ground for baman thought as a free, self- the government that the effect of such a meas- directed process. All mental activity sinks to a ure is to enrich the rich and deplete the purses series of causal events, each series on the same foot- of the poor, and compensating taxation is ar ing as every other series. The earth-worm leaves ranged for in view of that fact. a shiny trail on the flag it traverses. The direction Nor is the country standing still. The pro- basis. The movement, at its highest and its lowest it pursues has no significance, has no rational gramme of the future contains such items as expression, is merely an obscure fact with no quality state fire insurance; zone rates on railroads ; in the realm of truth. nationalized steamship lines, mines, and land; “The Religion of a Gentleman ” — the religion inexpensive law courts; state banking; and many of a man is admirable in purpose and in execu- more things of the sort, all of which seem tion. The author is possessed of strong spiritual to grow naturally out of existing conditions. susceptibilities, ruddy life, and quick intellect. His As will be seen, the book is of the greatest aim is to unite these human endowments in one interest to all students of existing social con- coherent self-sustaining whole. The book will be ditions. It is written in Mr. Lloyd's simplest helpful to all who are struggling for such a recon- and best manner, and is, within certain limits, ciliation, and find themselves embarrassed by ob- convincing. Yet there is too little stress laid trusive irrational elements in religion. With sound on the fact that only ten years have elapsed substance of faith. common-sense, the author grasps at once the inner since the beginning of these reforms was made “The Christian Conception of Holiness” is an -a mere second of time in sociology as in effort to unite Christian doctrine and evolution in geology ; that the New Zealand statesman is one harmonious conception. The intermediate as exceptional in training and ambitions as in thought by which this is done is “the gospel of achievements ; that “fraternalism," however creation,” the development of a higher form of different initially from “paternalism,” still spiritual life. “God is a being whose every thought spells much the same thing; and that the pro- is love.” “Creation is one great unselfish thought, posed Australasian confederation places an the bringing into being of creatures who can know the happiness which God himself knowe.” The entirely new aspect on the whole case. author has a vigorous hold upon his subject, and WALLACE RICE. scatters light freely along the discussion. One who gladly accepts this general line of reconciliation will still be inclined to go farther, or less far, in the details of presentation, according to the degree in RECENT RELIGIOUS DISCUSSIONS.* which he has worked out similar lines of inquiry. It is a bold region, full of various and captivating The volume entitled “ Evolution and Theology” views. The manner of thought and expression is is made up of a series of articles published at vari- 80 isolated as to detract somewhat from the popular ous times. It is vigorous, aggressive, and suggestive. value of the discussion. * EVOLUTION AND THEOLOGY, AND OTHER Essays. By “ The Soul of a Christian” is a book quite of its Otto Pfleiderer, D.D. Edited by Orello Cone. New York: own order, and well deserves attention. The The Macmillan Co. writer states bis object in his first sentence in this THE RELIGION OF A GENTLEMAN. By Charles F. Dole. wise : “ It is the purpose of this essay to describe New York: Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. THE CHRISTIAN CONCEPTION OF HOLINESS. By E. H. the Christian life, as far as possible, in the terms, Askwith, M.A. New York: The Macmillan Co. and with the methods, of psychology.” The THE SOUL OF A CHRISTIAN. By Frank Granger. New method pursued is discursive. The chapters have York: The Macmillan Co. no very close connection, and the discussion in each THE DOCTRINES OF GRACE. By John Watson, M.A., D.D. is free. It is a book that offers itself to a piece- New York: McClure, Phillips & Co. meal perusal, and rewards it by many flashes of THE RIDDLE OF THE UNIVERSE. By Ernst Haeckel. New York: Harper & Brothers. light. It cannot fail to help us to a better under- WHENCE AND WHITHER. By Paul Carus. Chicago: The standing of the connection of nervous and spiritual Open Court Company. phenomena. 18 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL The fourteen chapters on “ The Doctrines of Grace,” though not offered as sermons, have the BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. proportion and independence of pulpit discourses. Some notable A truly noble piece of bibliographical They are characterized by a warmth of feeling, bibliographical work is the “Catalogue of the Dante quickness of intellect, and common-sense which work on Dante. Collection” prerented by Professor should make them acceptable not only within but Willard Fiske to the Cornell University Library. beyond the circle of assent to the doctrines involved This catalogue, the work of Mr. Theodore Wesley in them. Koch, is now complete in two volumes containing “ The Riddle of the Universe" seems to be a an aggregate of over six hundred large double- misnomer as a title, for the author makes no riddle columped pages. A first part, covering “Dante's whatever of the world, denying most of that which Works,” was issued over two years ago; the remain- others regard as mysterious. Professor Haeckel ing section (which is five or six times the larger of has been from the beginning, and still remains, a the two), is a bibliography of “Works on Dante," very flat-footed empiricist. Mental phenomena and has just now appeared. It is a work of amazing with him are simply a pbase of physical phenomena. industry, including references to a great mass of Rarely is a man 80 destitute of all the instruments of all the instruments fugitive material, and even to critical reviews of the and insights of spiritual knowledge as Professor more important modern works. The complete cata- Haeckel. If one with no better furniture of logue includes more titles than have ever before powers were to give himself to science, he would been brought together in any work of Dante bibli- be regarded simply as a charlatan. The Professor ography. Not the least interesting feature of this has this merit: he is no way afraid of his own work is the introductory chapter written by Pro- conclusions, and puts them unreservedly in lan fessor Fiske, in which he tells how the collection guage appropriate to them, without the disguise of was brought together, and makes some extremely a phraseology that belongs to a higher philosophy. interesting statements by way of comparison be- The book is a loose statement of opinions, his own tween Dante and the other world-poets. It seems and others, on a variety of spiritual and quasi- that as regards editions, translations, and commen- spiritual themes. taries, Dante occupies a higher place than Homer, “ Whence and Whither” is, like the previous Shakespeare, or Goethe. His fama mondiale has volume, an effort to answer great questions out of resulted in more than seventy distinct translations meagre resources. Empirical monism is largely into English, French, German, Spanish, Datch, logomachy. It regards very diverse relations as s | Greek, and Latin, with perhaps a dozen more into alike because it has applied to them similar lan other languages and dialects. In this comparative guage. Its explanations are verbal, not real. reckoning, Homer has about fifty versions, and At bottom, it is most utterly unempirical, since a Shakespeare hardly more than thirty. During the spiritual experience is wholly wanting or boldly present century alone, there have been about four thrust aside. Listen to this explanation of memory, hundred and forty Italian editions of the “ Divine and depart being fed : “Memory is nothing but Comedy.” The Cornell Dante Collection now num- the psychical aspect of the preservation of physio bers seven thousand bound volumes, besides other logical form. Some sense-impression or its reaction material, and more than twenty-five thousand cards has left a trace which in the general metabolism are needed for its catalogue. These facts we take preserves its form, for every particle discarded is from Mr. Koch's pamphlet on “The Growth and Im- replaced in the very same mode of grouping by portance of the Cornell Dante Collection,” published another particle of the same kind, so that the simultaneously with the “Catalogue." Another structure remains the same in spite of the change pamphlet by Mr. Koch, also just published, is a of the material, and possesses the capability of hand-list of the framed portraits and other Dante producing the same kind of feeling" (page 20). pictures in the same collection. There is a thor- In noticing a book, it may be one's duty to give oughness about the way in which all this work has some intimation of what persons would probably been done that commands our admiration, and Cor- be pleased with it. We have no more convenient nell University is certainly to be congratulated both phrase at band than that of Lincoln : Those who upon its Dante library and the accomplished cus- like this sort of thing will find this the sort of todian thereof. thing they will like. John BASCOM. Short lives of The Riverside Biographical Series" three great is inaugurated by Messrs. Houghton, WHEN “ The International Monthly” was established Mifflin & Company with three en- a year ago, the announcement was made that many of tertaining volumes one on Andrew Jackson by its articles would be reprinted in book form. The first Mr. William Garrott Brown, one on James B. fruits of this promise appear in the shape of a volume, now issued, which contains Senator Rambaud's schol- Eads by his grandson Mr. Louis How, and one on arly monograph upon “The Expansion of Russia.” The Benjamin Franklin by Mr. Paul Elmer More. Mr. volume bears the imprint of the International Monthly, Brown's account of the hero of New Orleans is a Burlington, Vermont, since the Macmillan Co. no rarely impartial account of a career which, as he longer act as the publishers. observes, has always made stanch friends or bitter Americans. 1901.) 19 THE DIAL enemies, leaving the reader, it may be, with a con ness which gives the impression of artless simplicity, fused sense of Jackson's proper place in the hearts an impression serving to heighten the sense of of his countrymen, even while it stimulates him to reality in them. For those who love to have the form an opinion of his own upon the data abun grotesque and the fanciful made real, and who find a dantly brought forth. From Jackson to Eads is a charm in credulous sincerity, the book will have a long step, from whatever point of view; and Mr. distinct fascination. There is in it no direct attempt How has found a congenial and pious task in to explain Japanese civilization; it is a volume to extolling the virtues of his kinsman with consid. be read for pleasure rather than for information, erable and pardonable enthusiasm and some little yet the reader cannot help gaining from it a clearer skill in seeking and disclosing the critical moments notion of some of the elemental things in Japanese of his long and most useful life. The St. Louis feeling and character. The long chapter on “Jap- Bridge and the New Orleans jetties have made anese Female Names” is full of suggestions of the Eads's fame secure, and are sufficiently well known; fundamentally poetic nature of Japanese thought, Mr. How rescues an account of his services to his and the chapter on “Old Japanese Songs ” may country at the outbreak of the war between the well serve to give suggestions to English poets. States as well, though a more detailed history of The strange iterations, the naïve baldness, have an his building of the Western flotilla of ironclads air of originality that is strikingly effective. The would have been welcome. A complete change of book ends with a group of studies and stories writ- style is to be noted in Mr. More's account of ten by Mr. Hearn himself, having much of the Franklin, a certain lightness of touch and thorough same misty and dreamy character of those he merely appreciation of the real homely humor with wbich reproduces. Mechanically the book is very at- Goodman Richard's life is so fully seasoned per tractive. vading his pages. The books are small and the There was a time, not very remote, lives are correspondingly brief; but they are all Tales of a when the works of the Rev. J. G. Zoöphilist. worthy the men they celebrate. Portraits add Wood were the sources of popular to their value in each case. information concerning all that was interesting and The story of The name of Mr. J. H. Crawford is curious in the life of animals. In much the same a Tramp not much known in English letters, vein and for the same purpose that this author in England. but his “Autobiography of a Tramp” wrote his “Man and Beast, Here and Hereafter,” (Longmans, Green, & Co.), with its delightful flavor Dr. Thomas G. Gentry privately published his of out-of-door life and freedom from town miseries, “ Life and Immortality,” which now appears in a will serve to make subsequent works from his band new edition nnder the title “ Intelligence in Plants something to be looked for. The hero of the story and Animals" (Doubleday, Page & Co.). The book is a little English boy, and his tramping is done in contains a very extensive assortment of instances his native island. It is interesting to see how like of curious and remarkable activities in plants and the most conventional of human beings this wan- animals, which in the author's opinion indicate a dering lad was bred. He learned his lessons with higher order of intelligence than that usually cred- the same sorrow and forced perseverance which ited to them. This so-called intelligence is the basis most of us are called upon to pay as the price of upon which the author founds his arguments, scien- education; his father and mother loved him quite tific and scriptural, for the immortality of all forms as much and expressed it quite as unsuccessfully as of life. He details his own observations and those other parents, and his smiles and tears were no of others very freely, but withal not very critically. more common and no further apart than those of While in the main the facts reported will be ac- the most respectable urchin that ever hated the cepted, the terminology employed in the argument taste and feeling of soap. The pictures are quite and the conclusions reached will meet with objec- as realistic as the text, but far less artistic, being tions. Notwithstanding the somewhat pronounced views of the author, the book is very interesting reproduced from photographs derived from vari ius and not always congruous sources. The book will and will be a valuable addition to the literature of be most pleasant to read in the season when snow animal lore. Some excellent photographs from has covered the ground and mist-gray clouds nature, by Mr. Dugmore, supplement the numerous the sky. illustrations. In his volume of “Shadowings” In “ The Poetry of the Psalms " Mr. Hearn's "Shadowings” (Little, Brown, & Co.), Mr. Laf. (Crowell) Dr. Henry van Dyke has as poetry. of Japan. cadio Hearn has given us an inter- given us a serviceable “Introduction esting if not deeply significant study of Japanese to the study of the Psalms in English, as poetry.” thought and feeling. In the dedication (to Pay. While the work contains little that is really new, master Mitchell McDonald of the U. S. Navy) he yet we know of nothing quite like it in the way of says, “ Herein I have made some attempt to satisfy a brief popular hand-book to the English Psalter. your wish for a few more queer stories from the Dr. van Dyke dwells on the inadequacy of any Japanese'"; and the purpose is one which the book translation, then proceeds to speak of the parallel- fulfils. The stories are told with an effective direct isms and the various kinds of lyrics. In the greatest The Psalms 20 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL psalms he finds “deep and genuine love of nature,” pathetic but unbiased and just appreciation of a passionate sense of the beauty of holiness," "an Huxley's life and work, in concise form; and it is intense joy in God." He seems not to have used a worthy compeer of the other books of the series the opportunity to emphasize the contrast, which to which it belongs. many besides Matthew Arnold have observed, be- tween the poetic fervor of the King James Psalter Recently the lines of Mr. Radyard Retaliating on and the utterly flat, stale, and wearisome monotony Mr. Kipling. Kipling seem not to have fallen in of our modern hymnology, which shows too little pleasant places. Mr. W. J. Peddi- improvement over the Bay Psalm Book. We hope, cord writes, and publishes at his own expense, too, the time will soon come when it will be deemed Rudyard Reviewed," seemingly actuated by Mr. At unnecessary to show that to study the Bible as lit- Kipling's dislike of America and Americans. erature does not injure it as “a rule of faith and least, the critic does not attack the poet and trav. conduct.” There is no good reason for not indent- eller on ästhetic grounds in the ordinary accepta- ing paragraphs, the failure to do so often causing tion of the term, but rather because the Anglo- obscurity. Otherwise the volume is typographically Indian did not see in America all that her more beautiful. devoted children would have him see. We think Mr. Peddiсord has wasted both time and energy, In the old days, Mrs. Martha Bockée " A Garden Flint reminds us, it used to be the and his residence in Oregon we take to be an en- of Simples." custom to administer tea made from couraging sign that regions nearer the East are the burrs of the Virginia stickseed (echinospermum largely indifferent to the expressed prejudices of a Virginicum) for otherwise incorrigible cases of young man however distinguished. — Miss Marie forgetfulness. Her whole book serves the same Corelli takes stronger ground in her “Patriotism purpose, for no one can fail to retain such impres- or Self-Advertisement” (Lippincott), devoted to sions as he gains from even glancing at the old- the excoriation, as a whole and in all of its parts, of fashioned binding and paper label of “ A Garden that jingle so widely known as “ An Absent-Minded of Simples ” (Scribner). It is such a book as Beggar.” The punishment doubtless fits the crime; Jeffery taught us to love, filled with all the delicate but it makes us feel a little sorry for the criminal, spirituality which Nature wears when seen with nevertheless. loving eyes, and imbued throughout with the charm The charm of a pleasing personality A book of of an elder day. The interests are often confes- runs through the brief chapters of pleasant fancies. sedly literary, as in the chapters on “ A Posy from Mrs. Alice Dew-Smith's “ Diary of Spenser,” or the “ Flowers of Chaucer's Poems." a Dreamer” (Putnam), and gives a color of reality From that they wander to delicately material to what might otherwise be but “trifles light as things, - such as honey, most poetic of human air.” With a bright abandon to the mood of the aliments, or “ The Secrets of a Salad,” no light moment, the author tells us her experiences with topic to those who know. The history of America tortoises and cats, with her husband's dictionaries is not to be neglected in so eclectic a work, as little and writing-desk, and with the problems that con- essays on “ Liberty Tea” and “Indian Plant front one in building a house and furnishing it. Names” attest. We can hardly imagine a pleas- The themes are often inconsequential and the expe- anter gift to a charming woman, nor a more riences not particularly dramatic, but they furnish charming woman than she to whom such a book occasion for much vivacious comment upon the makes its full appeal. every-day affairs of life. The book is to be read in moments of relaxation when the reader is willing Huxley as A recent volume in the “ Leaders in to be entertained without any stirring appeal to the Science" series (Putnam) is Mr. in Science. imagination. Any single chapter of the forty-five P. Chalmers Mitchell's life of the great English evolutionist and agnostic, Thomas can be read in ten minutes, and each is interesting in itself apart from the others, and leaves its distinct H. Huxley. The perspective in which the author views his subject enables him to present a compre- impression. On the other hand, the dream atmos- phere is not always compelling, and at times leaves hensive and well proportioned account of the life of this leader of the modern school of biologists. one with the feeling that we have when over the The author is himself an investigator of some note, breakfast-table a friend tells us a fantastic sleep and he renders a popular account of Huxley's most experience of the night. important contributions to the sciences of vertebrate The third volume in the series en- and invertebrate anatomy, and of palæontology, as of “ Nature's titled “ Nature's Miracles” (Fords, well as to the development hypothesis. With equal Miracles." Howard & Hulbert) is the continua- clearness and fulness he relates Huxley's public tion of Professor Elisha Gray's popular account of services, and defines his position as the opponent modern science, devoted particularly to the subjects of materialism and the exponent of agnosticism. of electricity and magnetism. Professor Gray is His attitude on tbeological questions, as well as his of course thoroughly at home in this field, and his ethical ideals, are clearly stated. The book does account is a most interesting and instructive one, not aim to be an intimate biography. It is a sym the story of wireless telegraphy, and the results of a leader A new volume III 1901.] 21 THE DIAL the electrical exploitation of Niagara Falls, reading The volume is apparently meant to be in some sort a like a fairy tale. Especially entertaining is the text-book, or an elementary manual for the teacher, chapter on “Some Curiosities," devoted largely to and hence its style is simple and its information mainly the strange properties of selenium. rudimentary. There is an introductory outline of Reynolds's life, together with some general appreciation Each recurring Holiday season has of his work; but the text is largely a running com- Viacs of the of late brought with it some unique mentary on the pictures, of which there is about one Grand Canon. specimen of book-manufacturing in- to each chapter, making seventeen in all. These are well chosen and handsomely reproduced. genuity from the press of Mr. Frank S. Thayer, of Denver. The series began, as we remember, with Fifty pages of introduction, a hundred pages of notes, and three hundred pages of extracts are, roughly speak- a collection of photographic views of stuffed wild animals in their native lairs, the negatives for which, ing, the contents of the volume of “Selections from the Poetry of Lord Byron ” which Dr. Frederick I. Car- we were given to understand, had been secured at penter has prepared for the series of “ English Read- great peril and through years of patient waiting by ings ” published by Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. This is a mighty hunter of the region who had been per one of the best books of the admirable series in which suaded or bribed to substitute a camera for his rifle it appears, and was rather more needed than any of the in furtherance of the enterprise. This season Mr. otbers. No one to-day wants the whole of Byron, and Thayer's contribution is an album of fifteen photo. a book wbich will help us to keep in mind the best of graphic reproductions in color, collectively entitled him does a real service to literature. The estimate “Glimpses of the Grand Cañon of the Colorado," made by the editor is sympathetic, yet carefully dis- which we have inspected with caution. The plates criminating, and the judgments expressed are in the main temperate and sound. are showy and effective, and are neatly mounted on ash-colored paper, and encased in flexible dec- With the appearance of Volume XVIII.(containing the remainder of the short stories) the “Shenandoah" orated covers. The pictures selected are represen edition of the novels and stories of Mr. Frank R. tative, and convey a good idea of the remarkable Stockton which has been in course of publication by scenery of the region. Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons during the past year, A vein of delicate sentiment, a grace- reaches temporary completion. Like all of Messrs. Love Letters Scribner's well-known subscription sets, the mechanical ful and refined fancy, and the ability of a musician. form of the “Shenandoah " edition could hardly be to realize vividly for the reader bits improved upon. Mr. Stockton may well be envied the of landscape with their proper atmosphere, make distinction conferred upon him by his publishers, for it Miss Myrtle Reed's “Later Love Letters of a is not often that an author has the satisfaction of seeing Musician” (Patnam) a book to be enjoyed for its his work presented in so beautiful a form. The set artistic charm. The letters, of which there are should take a prominent place on the shelves of every nearly thirty, each preceded by an appropriate admirer of Mr. Stockton's peculiar and inimitable phrase of music set alone on the page, are largely genius. the expression of artistic responsiveness to the “The Beginnings of English Literature," by Mr. moods of nature or to some of the suggestive expe- Charlton M. Lewis, is a small volume published by Messrs. Ginn & Co. “ Its purpose is to give to those riences of a musician's life. The book is very art- who do not, for the present at least, require an intimate istically printed, and is one to be enjoyed for more acquaintance with Old and Middle English authors, than the first reading, a thing that cannot be said such a knowledge of their characteristics and historical of many a more pretentious volume. relations as may serve for an introduction to the study of the Elizabethan and later periods.” It offers a com- promise between the very elementary books and those which are made unduly repellant by being crammed BRIEFER MENTION. with minor names and facts. It includes many extracts, and is altogether a readable and useful little book. « The Transition Period” is a new volume in the Professor J. Scott Clark's “Study of English and “ Periods of European Literature” (Scribner), edited American Poets” (Scribner) is a companion volume to by Professor Saintsbury. It is the work of Mr. G. the author's “Study of English Prose Writers,” pub- Gregory Smith, and fills the gap between Mr. Snell's lished over two years ago. The method is the same “ Fourteenth Century” and the editor's forthcoming in both volumes. Each author treated is given a biog- discussion of “ The Earlier Renaissance." The author raphy, a page or two of references to critical apprecia- has brought much learning and no little animation to tions, and something like thirty or forty pages of clas- his somewhat thankless task of dealing with the most sified excerpts from the best critics, together with barren period of modern literature, a period which in illustrative passages from the poet himself. Twenty cludes Villon and Malory, the Scotch group of poets, poets are considered altogether, six of them being the “Morgante Maggiore," the “Coplas ” of Manrique, Americans. We have great confidence in the value of the “Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles," “ Till Eulenspiegel,” this method of studying literature, and believe that the “ Imitation,” the ballads, and the beginnings of the teachers will find these volumes by Professor Clark a drama in France and England. useful adjunct to their work. Miss Estelle M. Harll's little book on Sir Joshua Mr. Stopford Brooke's erstwhile “Primer," later Reynolds forms a welcome and pictorially attractive known by the simpler title of “ English Literature,” has number in the “Riverside Art Series" (Houghton). just made a third appearance, with an additional chap- 22 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL ter by the author, and two supplementary chapters on “Shakespeare's Life and Work,” by Mr. Sidney Lee, American literature by Mr. George Rice Carpenter as now published by the Macmillan Co., is an abridge (Macmillan). Praise has long since been exhausted in ment of the author's “Life” of the poet, prepared dealing with this little book, which, considering its lim chiefly for the use of students. It retains all the es- ited scope, is as good as could well be imagined. Speak- sentials of the larger work, although reduced to some- ing of Mr. Brooke's added chapter, however, we are thing like half its compass. bound to take exception to the statement that Morris “Kant's Cosmogony,” as embodied chiefly in his and Rossetti and Mr. Swinburne have remained “out “ Natural History and Theory of the Heavens,” is given of sympathy with modern life.” The poets of “ Jenny" us in an English version by Dr. W. Hastie, who has and “ Poems by the Way” and “Songs before Sunrise" not only made the translation, but has also supplied it need no defence against such a charge, and it is sur with an introduction and other editorial apparatus. prising indeed that Mr. Brooke should have expressed The work is issued in this country by the Macmillan Co. such an opinion of them. « Famous Geometrical Theorems and Problems ” is Having exhausted the bibliographical possibilities of the subject which Mr. W. W. Rupert has undertaken the longer novels of Charles Dickens in a volume issued to discuss, for the instruction and entertainment of some two or three years ago, Mr. F. G. Kitton bas mathematically-minded persons, in a series of four turned his attention to the “minor writings," and the pamphlets, published by Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co. results of his work in this field are contained in the Other monographs in this series will follow, all under latest volume of the “Book-Lover's Library” (A. C. the general editorship of Mr. Webster Wells. Armstrong & Son). The amount of labor necessary R“ Edwin Booth and his Contemporaries" (Page), ed- to identify the numerous periodical contributions and ited by Brander Mathews and Lawrence Hutton, is a miscellaneous papers of the novelist cannot easily be new edition of a work first published about fifteen years estimated, but Mr. Kitton's unfailing enthusiasm for ago. It is a collection of chapters, by various hands, his subject has prevailed over all difficulties. Taken upon the English and American actors and actresses together, the two volumes form as complete and exact who have been prominent during the last half-century, a bibliographical record of the literary productions of and is furnished with an interesting series of portraits. Charles Dickens as could be desired. The Macmillan C announce that they have acquired the publication rights of Mr. James Ford Rhodes's “ History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850," hitherto issued under the imprint of Messrs. NOTES. Harper & Brothers. A new edition of the work, em- bodying a few minor changes and typographical correc- “ The Book of Daniel,” edited by Dr. S. R. Driver, tions, will be issued at once. is a volume of “The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Two interesting speeches shortly to be issued in Colleges,” published by the Macmillan Co. printed form by Messrs. T. Y. Crowell & Co. are “ A Reader in Physical Geography for Beginners, Lord Roseberry's “Questions of Empire ” and Hon. by Professor Richard E. Dodge, is a recent educational Joseph H. Choate's “ Abraham Lincoln," both of which publication of Messrs. Longmans, Green, & Co. were delivered in November last -- the former before “Springtime Flowers,” by Miss Mae Ruth Norcross, the students of the University of Glasgow and the lat- is a book of “easy lessons in botany" for very young ter before the Edinburgh Philosophical Institution. children, published by Messrs. Silver, Burdett & Co. “The Story of American History for Elementary “The Civilization of the East,” by Dr. Fritz Hommel, Schools," by Mr. Albert F. Blaisdell, is a first book and « Plant Life and Structure,” by Dr. E. Dennert, are of our national history published by Messrs. Ginn & the latest of the Temple Primers,” published by the Co. A still more elementary work is “America's Macmillan Co. Story for America's Children," by Miss Mara L. Pratt, “ A Hero and Some Other Folk,” being a volume of published by Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co. There are essays by Mr. William A. Quayle, has reached a third to be five parts of this work, forming a series of edition, and bears the imprint of Messrs. Jennings & graded reading-books. Pye, Cincinnati. Professor Moses Coit Tyler, of Cornell University, Mr. Samuel Usher, of Boston, publishes a memorial died on Dec. 28 at his home in Ithaca. Professor address, by Dr. R. S. Storrs, upon the late Professor Tyler's career was a most active and distinguished one. Edwards Amasa Park, of Andover. The book may be He was born in Griswold, Conn., in 1835, was graduated obtained from Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons. from Yale in 1857, from 1867 to 1881 was Professor The American Book Co. publish a “ Higher Algebra," in the English department of the University of Michi- by Professor John F. Downey. They also send us an gan, and from 1881 to his death was Professor of “ Elementary Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene for American history at Cornell. He was author of many Higher Grammar Grades,” by Dr. Winfield V. Hall. books, a frequent writer in the periodicals, and was a In addition to their collective edition of the writings contributor to THE DIAL from the beginning of the of Count Tolstoy, the Messrs. Crowell publisb, in a paper. form of its own, a new volume of “ Essays, Letters, “ The Religion of Abraham Lincoln," a pamphlet and Miscellanies," the translations by Mr. Aylmer published by the G. W. Dillingham Co., reproduces a Maude and others. correspondence that passed some years ago between “ The Cocktail Book,” further described as “A Colonel R. G. Ingersoll and General C. H. T. Collis. Sideboard Manual for Gentlemen,” is a recent publica- The purport of it is to refute the charge that Lincoln tion of Messrs. L. C. Page & Co. It is a very small was essentially a Voltairean in his religious attitude; book indeed, but its dimensions are by no means but the documents prove little either way. Lincoln proportioned to its usefulness. and Voltaire were about as far apart as possible in- 1901.) 23 THE DIAL temperament, but in the matter of their fundamental convictions there is much to be said for Ingersoll's LIST OF NEW BOOKS. opinion. [The following list, containing 125 titles, includes books “ Patriotic Eloquence Relating to the Spanish- received by The DiAL since its last issue.] American War and Its Issues” (Scribner) is the title of a compilation made by Messrs. Robert L. Fulton BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS. and Thomas C. Trueblood. The selections range all Memories of the Tennysons. By Rev. H. D. Rawnsley. the way from the pinchbeck rhetoric of Senator Illas., 12mo, gilt top, ancat, pp. 252. Macmillan Co. $2.25. Military Reminiscences of the Civil War. By Jacob Beveridge and the platitudes of Senator Depew, to the Dolson Cox, A.M. In 2 vols., with photogravure portraits, genuine oratory, inspired by patriotism of the old. large 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. Scribner's Sons. $6. net. fashioned sort, of such men as Mr. Carl Schurz, Dr. Orestes A. Brownson's Latter Life, 1856–1876. By Henry Henry van Dyke, Senator Towne, and Senator Hoar. F. Brownson. With portrait, large 8vo, pp. 629. Detroit: H. F. Brownson. $3. Verbeck of Japan, a Citizen of No Country: A Life Story of Foundation Work Inaugurated by Guido Fridolin Ver- TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. beck. By William Elliot Griffis. Illus., 12mo, pp. 376. F. H. Revell Co. $1,25. January, 1901. Edwards Amasa Park, D.D., LL.D.: A Memorial Address. Adventure, A Wonderful. Chalmers Roberts, World's Work. By Richard Şalter Storrs, D.D. Large 8vo, pp. 71. For Advertising Disfigurement. A. R. Kimball. Scribner. sale by Charles Scribner's Sons. 50 cts. Armies in China, Comparison of. T. F. Millard. Scribner. HISTORY. Athens, Modern, George Horton. Scribner. The History of Colonization from the Earliest Times to Australian Commonwealth, The. H. H. Lusk. Rev. of Revs. the Present Day. By Henry C. 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Sanborn & Co., Publishers, BOSTON, MASS. -- THE DIAL A Semi Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. PAQJ . . No. 350. JAN. 16, 1901. Vol. XXX. Elizabethans. The “well-languaged Daniel” was the scholarly type of that day, and Daniel is as CONTENTS. modern as Sir Edwin Arnold. The same is true of thought and character. If either is great, it cannot THE NOVEL AND THE PLAY. Charles Leonard possibly conform to accepted conventions. What Moore 33 can we suppose that even the Athenians made of COMMUNICATIONS 36 the Prometheus or the Agamemnon or the Persian Mr. Howard Pyle and the American Farmer. Mary ghost of Æschylus? As we can see in Aristophanes, Farnsworth Ames. these were rather musty fables to them. The dis- Library Privileges for Rural Districts. E. I. Antrim. play of the Panathenaic festival, or the riot of the Ten Great Authors of the Century. Jackson Boyd. Eleusinian mysteries, were much more to their COVENTRY PATMORE, HIS RELATIVES AND minds. Alleyne, the theatrical manager of Shake- FRIENDS. E.G.J. 37 speare's time, has left it on record that he made MAJOR POND IN REMINISCENT MOOD. Ingram the greater part of his fortune by showing bears. A. Pyle 40 The Spaniards tolerated Calderon as an appanage THEODORE PARKER AND HIS TIMES. Clarke of the Inquisition, but their real joy was in the Sutherland Northup 42 burning of heretice. The auto da fe was doubtless to them a sweet contemporary thing. Goethe and HASTINGS'S BIBLE DICTIONARY. Shailer Schiller, by the expenditure of infinite labor, built Mathews 43 up a theatre in Weimar. They forced great tragedy THE HINGE OF THE WORLD'S FUTURE. Wal- and comedy, the use of verse and the right reading lace Rice 44 of it, down the German throat. But was their Leroy-Beaulieu's The Awakening of the East. – Mahan's The Problem of Asia. - Condit's The China- patient grateful to them ? Not a bit. Goethe was man as We See Him. — Walton's China and the forced to resign the directorship of the theatre by Present Crisis. - Parsons's An American Engineer in a performing dog. China. – Pott's The Outbreak in China. - Krausse's I hope the writer referred to will pardon me if I The Story of the Chinese Crisis. - Edwards's The offer him some reasons why the novel might be a Story of China. — Freeman-Mitford's The Attaché at Peking.-Holcombe's The Real Chinese Question. finer art than the play. In the first place, it has a BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS larger canvas. The average novel has from five to 46 ten times more words in it than the average play. More chapters of England's naval history. A builder of Greater Britain. – Two books on the If there is anything in big battalions, Xerxes ought American Soldier. - Memories of the Tennysons. – always to overwhelm Leonidas. In the second “ The Individual, a Study of Life and Death.” – A place, the novel, though a hybrid, may possibly in- philosophy of politics. — The treatment and training of children. - Mr. Garner's studies among apes and herit the qualities of its various ancestors. It may monkeys. — Reference book of Prehistoric Imple- have the pure emotional gush of the lyric, the orb- mente. – Modern pen drawing and draughtsmen. – icular sweep of the epic, the intensity of the drama. Methods of railway regulation.-A graphic picture of In the third place, it is gifted with omniscience, a life in Confederate prisons.—The Venice of America. power which the epic shares with it, but which is BRIEFER MENTION . 50 denied to other art forms. In the fourth place, it NOTES 51 can perform the offices of the scene-painter, the actor, the gas-man, the usher in the body of the LIST OF NEW BOOKS . 51 theatre, and the critic in the next day's print. And lastly, it requires no such attention on the part of the reader as does the more abstract form of the THE NOVEL AND THE PLAY. play, which, especially if written in verse, is the most The most aggravating of all critics is the critic concentrated work of the human mind. In reading who asserts and gives no reasons. A writer in a a novel, we sit at feast like a Persian King, and have recent number of THE DIAL tells us that the novel one servant to cut our food, another to put it in our is a finer art-form than the play, and practically the mouths, and a third to work our jaws for us. only reason he offers to back his opinion is that the I am not mocking. These advantages the novel first form is contemporary and the second archaic. possesses, and they in great part account for its Archaic! What great art has not been archaic at popularity. But for the final result of greatness the time of its production? Gray remarks, in one they are fallacious and break down. The immense of his letters, that the language of poetry is never expenditure of words in a novel is a solution of con- the language of the age or of common life. Shake tinuity and defeats the purpose of an art-work to speare's speech was undoubtedly strange to the grasp and body forth a definite conception. Each . 34 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL let tidal wave of words washes out the record of its judging itself at the same operation. And this predecessor. And the mixture of forms in the is necessary and right. Literature in Mortmain, novel is an element of weakness rather than of literature held in the dead hand, is as dangerous strength. An olla podrida is neither as good for as literature of new-born bounce and bluster. So the digestion nor as tempting to the palate as a let us on to the comparison. course dinner where the flavor of every dish is con Those who have done me the honor to read my served. And the all-embracing view of the novelist notes on literature published in THE DIAL will not carries with it a quality of vagueness, so much so suspect me of holding a brief for style. Not that that the epistolary and biographical forms of the I do not in my own mind worship style, but I hold novel, in which this power is resigned, are perhaps it a result, not a means. I believe it follows the the most vivid and intense. And the combination accumulation of thoughts, and the kindling concep- of services which the novelist offers to perform for tion of character. But when it so arrives, it is the us tends to distraction; it is ruinous to total effect. final stamp of greatness. Now, as the previous The actors get in the way of the plot, the scene writer practically admits, there is in this respect painting interferes with the dialogue, and the lyrical no possible parallel between Shakespeare and Bal- or didactic effusions of the author in person spoil zac. Balzac in style is plebeian, is home-made, the illusion. Most serious of all, the ease with which is humdrum. In a nation of graceful writers, he a novel can be read weakens the mind. A good is the dancing bear of prose. Shakespeare, with play, though so much shorter than a novel, demands a great many people, is mainly and above all a far greater amount of attention, and so tends to the master, the magician of words. He may be fasten itself upon the brain. slightly less clear and faultless than the Greeks, In general, the question between the play and but he is infinitely more gorgeous in color and the novel is a question of law or liberty, discipline varied in carving, — and there is more of him that or license. I like to image the play as a troop of is good than there is of all the Greek poets put Spanish cabelleros or conquestadores, mounted on together. This matter of wealth of expression in the steeds of inspiration, armored with verse, armed Shakespeare is very little realized. Because each with thought, and moving in instinctive obedience of our greater English poets has some distinctive to one will; while the novel is a vast, lawless, dis quality of his own, we are apt to think of them as organized mass of Mexican or Inca barbarians, inferior indeed to Shakespeare, but still to some howling and hurling itself on the compact body of extent comparable. As far as expression is con- iron-clad men. The mob may submerge the few cerned, they could almost all of them be quarried for a time, but it must eventually be beaten back out of Shakespeare. The peak of Teneriffe is a and reduced to submission and slavery. striking enough object in its isolation, but transport We learn from the article already cited that the it to the Andes or the Himalayas and it would sink play tends to base itself on the novel. Certainly to a mole-hill lost in the vastnesses about it. The It has always done so. ne so. The plays of the Greek matter of expression, therefore, to many people the tragedians were based on the cyclic poems which most important of all, is settled for Shakespeare were the novels of antiquity, and which have per against Balzac. ished. Shakespeare and his circle based their art Most great poets are philosophers as well. They on Italian novella, many of which were as good justify the ways of God to man, or defend the fiction as is written to-day. The order of life is for ways of man to God. Dante is the final expression the soul to ascend from the body. The instinct of of the Catholicism of the Fathers ; Calderon of the mankind is not satisfied until the pure kernel of an Catholicism of the Inquisition; Milton of Calvin- art-work is disengaged from its mixed and impure ism. Goethe gave fall literary form to the new mass of wrappings and enfoldments. scientific method and thought of Bacon and Frank- Though the writer I am considering regards the lin. His philosophy is the philosophy of egotism novel as a finer art-form than the play, he does not and utility. It must be admitted that when we assert that his greatest typical novelist is superior come to assess the philosophy of Shakespeare, it is to the typical dramatist. He only insists on a cer difficult to put one's hand on his central thought. tain equality between the two. He is willing to He unquestionably imbibed Pyrrhonism from concede that Shakespeare was a respectable sort of Montaigne, and Pyrrhonism is not constructive. a person who did good in his day, though he is But he is always thinking of the mighty problems hardly up to our modern standards of democratic of the soul, of the destinies of humanity. He wan- art. Personally, I feel disposed to light a hecatomb ders around the walled chamber of the world like of expiation to Shakespeare for bringing him, even a mightier Hamlet stabbing the arras everywhere for defense, into competition with Balzac. But this to find out what is beyond. As for Balzac, he can is a wrong feeling. Shakespeare must stand his hardly be said to have any thought at all - except trial like any other author. Every generation sum the ever-pressing one to get and spend as much mong the favorites of the past to the bar of its money as possible. He wrote in “The Alchemist " opinion, questions them as to their birth and con about the research into the Absolute. But the dition and present means of livelihood, and judges Absolute has mighty little to do with the book, and sentences them after its own sweet will, - which is mainly concerned with the physiognomy ii 1 1 1901.] 35 THE DIAL was the of an old house and the fate of a lot of old furni. He is as much the human symbol of France as ture. When Balzac was well through his “ Human Don Quixote is of Spain, Hamlet of Germany, or Comedy," he seemed to have felt that there was Robinson Crusoe of England. The typical figure something wanting to it. He was like the architect of America is - What shall I say y? - Mr. Barnes who left the staircase out of his house and had to of New York. add it on the outside. Balzac wrote “Louis Lam. A writer may be greater than his age, but, even bert." An American editor of this book has read unconsciously, he is apt to render in his work the into it marvellous and immeasurable meanings. lineaments of his time. It is important, then, that Any book can become a fetish if one gives one's the age has something of splendor or greatness to mind up to it and shuts out all other sources of give him. Shakespeare came at the culminating information. Wilkie Collins, in one of his novels, period of the young manhood of the English race. has an old butler who has made a Bible of “Rob His age was the age of new-born liberty, of rovo- inson Crusoe,” and finds in it the most amazing lutions in thought and discovery in the world. It oracles for every event. To me “ Louis Lambert” age that beat back the Armada. Balzac's seems a vague rehash of Swedenborgian or Hindoo age was wearied with the excesses of the Revolution philosophy crammed for the occasion. It utterly and the Napoleonic era ; it was an age of galvanized lacks the value which hard, original thinking, in monarchy and scarecrow empire. It was weak and whatever method to whatever end, possesses for futile and corrupt. It was the age which fell at the human mind. “ The Angels are white,” says Sedan. Lambert, and that is about his most valuable con Balzac's gift is the modern gift, the scientific gift, tribution to vision or thought. On the whole, then, the gift of observation. Lord Bacon claimed that Balzac as a thinker is of no class whatever; whereas his method did away with the necessity of genius Shakespeare wears the imperial purple. in philosophy, that it opened the paths of science There remains the presentation of reality by the to the average intelligence. The same can be said two — the reproduction of the aspects of Nature of the scientific method in literature. Anyone can and Art, and the creation of human figures. It sit down with a note book before a given quantity may be noted that Shakespeare is almost all out-of of life and record and report it. But the art so dodrs; whereas Balzac is ever confined to the produced is open to the charge which Plato mis- rooms of mansion or cottage — to the streets and takenly brought against all poetry – that it is an alleys of towns. Pretty much the whole of Nature imitation of an imitation, reality at third remove. is in Shakespeare, but little of the art or handiwork Only where the poet aereates the mass of material Balzac has a real point of superiority in given him from without with the inspiration which his architecture and interiors, in which he surpasses comes to him within, where he glimpses the uni- every body. As for the human crowds of the two, versal through the actual, do we get an art product what shall I say? In making a comparison here, I which is valid and valuable for all time. can only do like the critic I have been criticising, Perhaps the best way to get at the value of any offer assertions anbacked by reasons. For it is large art-work is to estimate the sum-total of emo- almost impossible to give reasons for the love or tion it produces. What is our final impression of the affections which rise within us. Balzac's work? Do we not feel, when we are done thinks Eugenie Grandet superior to Juliet, or with it, as though we had wakened from an all-night Modeste Mignon to Imogen ; if he likes Cæsar debauch, with a headache and a bad taste in our Birrotteau better than Dogberry, and believes old mouths? Do we not feel as though we had been Grandet a better drawn figure than Shylock, — moving through some mighty marsh clothed with why, one can only avert one's eyes, turn down the fantastic vegetation, with fetid exhalations rising first crossing, and let him go his misguided way from it as incense to expiring suns? Do we not say alone. But I think I may assert that Balzac's to ourselves, “What is the use ? 'Tis a sick and a people are all book folk. They never have had sordid and a sorry world. Let's cut our throats." cut the ambilical cord which binds them to the On the other hand, what is our legacy of impression printed page. They do not stray out into real life from Shakespeare? Is it not that we have been and become our friends and loves, as do the char. | living in a land of sunlight and wooded shade, co- acters of even lesser men than Shakespeare - Scott equal heirs with men of mighty ardor and women and Dickens, for instance. One forgets them in of holy flame? That thunder-storms might come, their multitude until one takes the book up again, indeed, and seem to wreck our world, but that when the skill, the science, the power of the author everything would spring fresher from their passing; bring them back. And another thing may that our minds would leap to their shock, our asserted : they are all small, figurines rather than muscles brace with their tension, until we would statues. Balzac never created one of those typical feel that we were seventeen feet high and of Achil- human figures that sum up a race, or resume once lean form and visage, until we would want to for all some abstract quality of life. Moliére and climb to the summits of the earth and shake our Old Dumas are the most Shakespearean souls of fists in the face of fate? Which is the mightier France. Alceste and Tartuff are eternal, and artist, — which is the better gift to mankind ? D'Artagnan is the incarnation of the Gallic spirit. CHARLES LEONARD MOORE. of man. If anyone 99 36 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL honor of its founder, the late J. S. Brumback, a prom- COMMUNICATIONS. inent and wealthy citizen. A special law made pos- sible by the Brumback heirs was passed by the Ohio MR. HOWARD PYLE AND THE AMERICAN legislature, providing for the maintenance of the library FARMER. by the county, and this was almost unanimously favored (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) and approved by the people throughout the county In some brief comments on Mr. Howard Pyle's illus- concerned. The library building is one of the most trations for the holiday volume of Mr. Markham's substantial and beautiful in the country. It has a poems, a writer in your issue of Dec. 1 shows a fine capacity of 100,000 volumes, represents a value of appreciation of the artist's strong elemental treatment $50,000, and under the new decennial appraisement of the subjects ranged for his pencil, and a correct con- will have an annual income of $8,000. ception of art values. Noting this breadth of view upon Under the stimulus already given, Cincinnati has ex- one side, it is surprising to find what appears to be a tended its field of library work to all parts of Hamil- somewbat narrow range of sympathy upon another. ton county, and several other counties have been dis- The critic assumes, apparently, that in the “pictorial cussing the advisability of imitating the example of allegory” wbich forms the frontispiece of the volume Van Wert county. The movement was fully discussed in question, the artist had in mind the American farmer, and heartily endorsed at the recent annual meeting of and that the effect was decidedly unflattering to this the Ohio Library Association. worthy citizen. To refute this idea seems an exegesis Two thoughts which were especially emphasized in of the obvious. It is, at the outset, hardly reasonable the dedicatory exercises may be worth repeating here: to suppose that the poem, written avowedly in com- First, we have in the bequest of a county library one mentary upon Millet's picture of the same name, could of the few philanthropies that tend to benefit all the refer to any American working-man, except in so far as people, — country as well as town. Our philanthropy he like any other had become a type of degraded labor. has heretofore directed its efforts chiefly to the eleva- The Millet peasant is not even a type of the ordinary tion of the city or town only. Second, the recent French laborer, but only of the toiler brutalized by ex- census, which shows how great during the past decade cessive and unrelieved toil. He is a man who has had has been the migration from county to city, is an appeal po inlet of joy, no outlet of delight, in his labor. As to American citizensbip to look in the future more to Mr. Markham himself has said, “The Man With the the welfare and enlightenment of our great rural pop- Hoe' is, in a large way, the type of any man who has ulation, the bone and sinew of our national life. forgotten to grow, who has forgotten that man does not E. I. ANTRIM. live by bread alone.” This overworked drudge, who Van Wert, Ohio, January 8, 1901. will have to be born again many times to get out of the basement strata of life into the height of “the TEN GREAT AUTHORS OF THE CENTURY. upper chamber opening toward the sky," does exist amongst us. He sweeps our streets ; he bakes our (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) bread; he digs our coal; he may even write our law One of the greatest authors of all time is Jeremy briefs, or preach our sermons. Civilization will not be Bentham. He is the father of Utilitarianism, and to civilization till somehow he is made his best, — whether him more than to anyone else do we owe a rational by educating his grandfather in order that he, the de- system of jurisprudence. Bentham has furnished more scendant, may have a will to do and dare, or by edu- ideas to legal writers than any other man of the century. cating the man himself, and giving him time, like Arthur Schopenhauer is the greatest metaphysician Browning's hero, to get all the gain there is from hav- that ever lived. His “World as Will and Representa- ing been a man. tion” is the best solution of the World Riddle ever Mr. Pyle, like Mr. Markbam, sees in the Man with offered. He is the father of Wagner in music. He the Hoe, not the American farmer, though possibly a originated a system of philosophy — Pessimism. He “ farm hand,” slaving from dawn till long past dark, was one of the greatest scholars of the century; the might represent the type. He sees only the bended back only man who ever made metaphysics popular. that has borne the heat and burden of the day down Auguste Comte was one of the greatest men that through the ages; he sees that the Man with the Hoe ever lived. He originated the science of Sociology; is the type of industrial oppression in all lines of labor, and it is to his impetus that we owe the great social - the man shapen (or misshapen) by the pitiless ten- evolution now going on. His conception of Humanity dencies and injustices of our civilization. is the grandest ever originated; bis conception of the MARY FARNSWORTH AMES. destiny of man the truest. He kuew more about Re- Brooklyn, N. Y., January 5, 1901. ligion than any man in the nineteenth century. He is one of the least appreciated men of his age. He did for Sociology what Darwin did for Biology. LIBRARY PRIVILEGES FOR RURAL DISTRICTS. Charles Darwin's was the most argumentative mind (To the Editor of The DIAL.) of the century. He discovered the most useful law On the first of January, 1901, there occurred in the ever known to science, and be proved it to an opposing town of Van Wert, Ohio, county-seat of Van Wert public. The race will remember him as one of her county, an event whose significance the future alone great men for all time. He revolutionized the science will reveal: the dedication of America's first county of Biology - all science. It is to him that the true library. Most of the cities and many of the larger theory of things is possible in the twentieth century. towns and villages of our country have their public What Darwin did for Biology, Herbert Spencer did libraries; it remained for this Ohio county to inaugurate for Psychology. Besides, he has systematized all a movement that may eventually bring library privileges science in his Synthetic Philosophy. He is the greatest where they are most needed, viz., to the rural districts. Individualist of the race, and the last great one. The library is named The Brumback Library, in Karl Marx is one of the master-minds of man. He 1901.] 37 THE DIAL is the father of Socialism, – the making of the race two years he spent at the Collège de France, into one class, with equal rights, equal opportunities, St. Germains, formed the only period of his the realization of that better life hoped for by all and sought after by so few. His conception of the iniqui- | life during which he was under regular tuition. ties of modern society will be used as an indictment by As a boy be showed great precocity and a reformers from now on till the millennium. Of all men, marked literary bent which his father, who was he is the common man's best friend. He was one of at once his companion and preceptor, industri. the greatest scholars that ever lived. Lester F. Ward is the most practical philosopher the pusly fostered. Authors were the heroes of his century has produced. His Dynamic Sociology com- boyhood, and he used to tell later of his pil- pleted the science Comte began. His psychic factor in grimage at sixteen to the house of Leigh Hunt, civilization shows wherein Darwin's great law does not whose devoted admirer he then was. hold good in society. But Ward came so late that his "... After I had waited in the little parlor at. real influence will be in the twentieth century. least two hours the door was opened and a most pic- The great trouble with light literature in the last turesque gentleman, with hair flowing nearly or quite century is that it is almost without exception time- to his shoulders, a beautiful velvet coat and a Vandyck serving, not serving all time. George Eliot is the only collar of lace about a foot deep, appeared, rubbing his writer of light literature who has any claim to real hands and smiling ethereally, and saying, without a greatness. She has attempted to apply the great con- word of preface or notice of my having waited so long, cepts of Bentham and Comte and Spencer to every-day • This is a beautiful world, Mr. Patmore!' I was so life. She has been called, not inappropriately, a female struck by this remark that it has eclipsed all memory Shakespeare. She will be better appreciated in the of what occurred during the remainder of my visit.” new century. Guy de Maupassant is the most artistic story-teller Encouraged by his father, and fired by the the world has ever produced; Count Leo Tolstoi the appearance of the Tennyson volume of 1842, most artistic novelist. Both are masters. Maupassant Patmore launched, in 1844, a little volume of cared nothing for philosophy or morality. His one object was to tell his story. Tolstoi is so intent on poems which, being as full of promise as they giving his art its highest moral motive that he overlooks were vulnerable, came in for both exaggerated the intellectual, the chief merit of George Eliot. It praise and exaggerated contempt at the hand will take the twentieth century to appreciate Tolstoi's of the reviewers. of the reviewers. “The Critic” kindly said of high art. Patmore : These are the preëminent authors of the nineteenth century. JACKSON BOYD. “ But if nature bath forbidden him to be a poet, the Greencastle, Ind., January 2, 1901. sooner he finds out his incapacity the better for himself and his friends; for it may save to society a valuable worker in some other field, while it spares to critics the irksome toil of fault-finding, to himself the pain of be- The New Books. ing compelled to hear unwelcome truths, and to his friends maybap the cost of maintaining a lank-ribbed author and a bare-footed family.” COVENTRY PATMORE, HIS RELATIVES AND FRIENDS.* Maga,” of course, fell foul of the new The multifarious interest of the two thick cockney” poet in its usual style, the reviewer volumes containing Mr. Basil Champneys's ending his diatribe against the “school” in Memoirs of Coventry Patmore goes far to make general, and its alleged latest exponent in par- up for their somewhat disproportionate size. ticular, as follows: « This is the life into which the slime of the Keatses The work forms a readable though rather (sic) and Shelleys of former times has fecundated. rambling account of Patmore, his relatives, his The result was predicted a quarter of a century ago in three household “ Angels,” his literary friends, this magazine — nothing is so tenacious of life as the which one may open at random with the assur spawn of frogs — the fry must become extinct in him. ance of finding something at least mildly inter- His poetry (thank Heaven) cannot corrupt into any- thing worse than itself.” esting; but we should have preferred a close- knit, comparatively concise biography, showing On the other hand, as we have said, Pat- the figure of its hero clearly and in the due more's initial volume was warmly praised in perspective — though of course Mr. Champ- some of the reviews, and it was, as may now be neys has adhered to bis own view of Patmore's noted, even rapturously received by a band of proportional importance. young men, themselves convention-breakers, Outwardly Patmore's career was uneventful, who were then springing into prominence - and its main features may be briefly sketched. the Præ-Raphaelite Brotherhood. Possibly He was not a University man, and indeed the these young painters recognized a certain sim- ilarity of aim in their own productions and the *MEMOIRS AND CORRESPONDENCE OF COVENTRY PAT- MORE. By Basil Champneys. Two volumes, illustrated in verses of the new poet. At all events they used photogravure, etc. New York: The Macmillan Co. to carry the little volume about with them, and 38 (Jan. 16, THE DIAL “ to read it at every moment of leisure.” way if you knew how clever he is and how unfortunate. William Rossetti writes : Have you read his “ Poems"?' Milnes took them “We admired the poems enormously, and I daresay away in bis pocket, and wrote to her next morning, that in the course of a couple of years we had read • If your young friend would like a post in the Library of the British Museum, it shall be obtained for him, if every one of them through 20 or 30 times. Gabriel only to induce you to forget what must have seemed was certain to talk about them to fellow-students at the R. A., etc., and more especially to Hunt, Millais, and my heartless flippancy. His book is the work of a true poet, and we must see that he never lacks butter for Woolner.” his bread.'' It was some years later that Patmore became From the end of 1846 till the beginning of personally known, through Woolner, to the 1866 Patmore worked steadily at the Museum, Millais-Rossetti circle, who claimed him, it a diligent but not, from the librarian's point seems, as the representative in poetry of their of view, a particularly able assistant. He principles, and got him to write for “The could never, he used to say, resist the temp- Germ,” to the first number of which he sent a tation to look into and taste the flavor of every short poem, “The Seasons," which was later book that passed through his hands; and it is reprinted in “ Tamerton Church Tower.” Of interesting to note that the net result of these his intercourse with the “ Brotherhood ” Pat- tests was that at the end of his long term of more says: service he reached the depressing conclusion “I was intimate with the Præ-Raphaelites when we that, of the forty miles of shelves in the were little more than boys together. They were all very simple, pure-minded, ignorant, and confident. ... Museum, forty feet would contain all the real They could not even have printed the Germ' without literature of the world. How much of the (pecuniary) assistance. I well remember Millais tri- forty miles of shelving was, in Patmore's opin- umphantly flourishing before my eyes a cheque for ion, devoted to conserving real rubbish we are £150 which he got for • The Return of the Dove to the Ark. Once I was at a gathering of the Brethren and left to conjecture. On his retirement in 1866 their friends, when Holman Hunt produced forty Patmore was awarded a pension of the cu- sketches, and said that any one might have them for a riously precise sum of £126, 13s. 4d. a year) pound apiece. . . . Hunt attracted me personally more which he drew until his death. than any of the Præ-Raphaelites. He was heroically The circumstances of Patmore's conversion simple and constant in his purpose of primarily serving to Roman Catholicism (1864) are not perhaps religion by his art, and had a Quixotic notion that it was absolutely obligatory upon him to redress every generally known, and would seem indeed to wrong that came under his notice. .. Rossetti was have been to some extent misrepresented, or in manners, mind, and appearance completely Italian. misunderstood. That his formal change of He had very little knowledge of or sympathy with En- glish literature; and always gave me the impression of creed was at least accelerated by his desire to tensity rather than intensity.' remove the insuperable obstacle to his union with the lady who became his second wife, When twenty-two or thereabouts Patmore Mr. Champneys seems to admit. The notion felt for a time the unaccustomed pinch of want, that Patmore deliberately turned Catholic he and his brother having been suddenly thrown because he thought the lady in question (as upon their own resources through their father's failure and subsequent flight to the Continent. Mass,” is of course as cruel as absurd, and Henry IV. thought Paris) “well worth a For a time the brothers struggled on in Grub that anyone could have broached it bears out Street fashion, managing to scrape together, Mr. Lecky's philosophical conclusion that there through translations and chance hack-work, the few indispensable shillings — from twenty- is much more pure malevolence in the world five to sixteen a week. At one time Coventry's than people think. However, the facts in the finances were reduced to three and sixpence, outwardly of the Anglican faith, journeyed to case were as follows: In 1864 Patmore, still which sum he seems to have recklessly spent on ices. This period of eclipse was ended through Miss Byles, an English convert to Romanism, Rome where he made the acquaintance of a the kindly intervention of Monckton Milnes, who procured for Patmore a place in the Brit- Miss Byles was a woman of cultivation and ish Museum. Of Milnes's first encounter with some personal charm, who, as a girl, had been a pupil of Archdeacon (afterwards Cardinal) Patmore a pleasant story was told by Mrs. Procter, which we quote in Mr. Gosse's words: Manning, whose second wife it was believed with good reason she might in time have “ After a dinner at her house in 1846, Monckton become. Any such prospect was of course Milnes said to her in the drawing-room, · And who is your lean young friend in the frayed coat-cuffs ?'Oh, brought to an end when Manning took orders Mr. Milnes,' she replied, you would not talk in that | in the Roman Church; but his influence over 1901.) 39 THE DIAL his pupil continued, and two years after his There could be no mistake about it. Rachel could not secession Miss Byles, to the consternation of have acted the part.” her friends, followed the example (and probably Patmore's faith in the virtues of the holy well the counsel) of her former preceptor. She was as entire as that of the Catholic students used to relate afterwards with some humor, cited by Paul Bert, who, before presenting when the sting of the slights once put upon themselves for their examination for the “ bac- her by her antipapistical friends and relatives calauréat,” piously put drops of Lourdes water had disappeared, how an Anglican clergyman, into their ink-bottles, in order that they might calling at the house shortly after her conver “pass” with distinction; and his faith was in sion, refused for some time to notice her at all, no wise shaken by the failure in his son's case until, on leaving, he kindly asked her “when of the mystic fluid as an eye-water. she might be expected to turn Mohammedan ?” Mr. Champneys's first volume contains, be- Patmore, then, met Miss Byles at Rome in sides the story of Patmore's life, separate chap- 1864, and it was she, we may conclude, who ters on his father, on each of his three wives, finally turned his footsteps, already wavering on his relations with Tennyson, and concludes at the parting of the ways, into the path to the with three chapters of personal recollections. Vatican. Patmore records in his religious In Volume II. Patmore's religious and philo- autobiography his early impression of his sophical opinions are rather elaborately dis- future wife: “ I had never before,” he says, cussed in three chapters, and these are followed “ beheld so beautiful a personality, and this by the account Patmore wrote at the instance beauty seemed to be the pure effluence of the of his wife and a clerical friend, of his conver- Catholic Sanctity.” The pair were married sion to Romanism ; two-thirds of this volume in July, 1864 (a year after the death of Pat are devoted to the letters, and regarding these more's first wife), at Bayswater, Cardinal we are of opinion that Mr. Champneys’s rever- Manning performing the ceremony, despite his ence for great names has led him to include disappointment at his fair convert's " sacrifice some writings that are hardly worth reprinting. of her vocation,” for Miss Byles, it seems, had But the correspondence on the whole is in- contemplated taking the veil. Patmore's second teresting, and the list of correspondents is wife, whose influence on his religious views imposing, including such names as Tennyson, and writings Mr. Champneys thinks was con- Ruskin, Carlyle, Aubrey de Vere, Cardinals siderable, died some sixteen years after her Manning and Newman, Holman Hunt, R. W. marriage, and her place was promptly filled by Emerson, Browning, etc. Carlyle’s robust ex- Harriet Robson, the third Angel in the pression of contempt for reviewers we are House,” for the “poet of nuptial love” tolerated tempted to quote : no long break in his facilities for the imme “ Unhappily the reviewer too is generally in the exact diate study of his chosen theme. ratio of his readers, a dark blockhead with braggartism superadded; probably the supreme blockhead of block- Patmore's inbred mystical bent, and the heads, being a vocal one withal, and conscious of being completeness of his surrender to the primitive wise. Him also we must leave to his fate: an inevitable spirit of the old faith, are attested by his pil phenomenon (' like people, like priest '), yet a transitory grimages to Lourdes with two of his children, one, he too." for whose bodily ailments he hoped for a mir- But why, then, make so angry a coil over the aculous care at the shrine. For the partial doings of so small a creature ? blindness of one eye of his son Henry, in Let us conclude our notice of these beauti- par- ticular, great things were hoped; but, alas! fully manufactured volumes with a verse of Our Lady of Lourdes proved no better than Patmore's written by him just after a great the London oculist, for the sight of the offend. battle of the Franco-Prussian war, when Ger- ing eye was soon totally lost. Patmore wrote man Te Deums were going up in thanksgiving to his wife from Lourdes : to Him who was supposed to have presided “ . . . We are offering our Masses for Henry and our over the slaughter of the French. Patmore hopes of him are increased by a miracle we were lucky used to call it " the most popular poem he ever enough to come in for yesterday. A peasant girl, with wrote”; and our readers may discern in it a the most exquisite look of innocence and gratitude, had certain present appositeness : just come from the bath entirely cured of a paralysis “This is to say, my dear Augusta, of three years' standing. We had some talk with her We've had another awful buster: and her mother as she was walking off with no touch Ten thousand Frenchmen sent below! of lameness, and the limb, which had been hitherto en- Thank God from whom all blessings flow!" tirely insensible, restored to feeling and full strength. E. G. J. 40 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL lecturer was also very popular. Major Pond MAJOR POND IN REMINISCENT Moon.* notes the change that has come over the spirit For thirty-five years, Major James B. Pond of “the lecture course” during later years. has been the foremost lecture manager in this Given at first to discussions of the leading country. During that time he has managed issues of the day, the demand then was for practically all the famous men and women who entertainment by traveller and humorist, bring- have spoken from American platforms. Most ing us to the present, in which audiences are of these have been his warm personal friends, demanding the presence of the best in the lit- and have written to him familiarly and charm. erary and scientific world, and the story of ingly. He has gathered many of their letters great exploits or discoveries. together and included them in a book entitled Major Pond admits that he “drifted” into “ Eccentricities of Genius,” and we are given the lyceum business. It was while associated glimpses of their idiosyncrasies, their foibles, with the “ Salt Lake Tribune" the first and their virtues, in a series of personal ob- Gentile paper in Utah — that he became ac- servations and reminiscences. The wit, the quainted with Mrs. Ann Eliza Young. This wisdom, the anecdote, the talk of famous men was shortly after she apostatized. One evening and the talk about them, the strangeness and it was arranged that she should tell the story vivacity of many of the incidents, the singu- of her life to the guests of the Walker House, larity and eminence of the characters, combine where she had taken refuge under the protec- to render his volume fascinating, interesting, tion of the officials of the territory-Governor and instructive. Woods and Chief Justice McKean. She told In speaking of the “ lecture bureau,” its her story - one of the most interesting and sphere and its origin, he says: thrilling ever rehearsed. Her speech was “ The lyceum platform stands for ability, genius, telegraphed to the Associated Press, and the education, reform, and entertainment. On it the greatest next day she received many telegrams from readers, orators, and thinkers have stood. On it reform has found her noblest advocates, literature her finest various persons asking her to lecture. One expression, progress her bravest pleaders, and humor was from P. T. Barnum, and another from its bappiest translation. Some of the most gifted, most James Redpath. It was conceived that if she bigbly educated, and warmest-bearted men and women could tell her story in Washington, the state of the English-speaking race have in the last fifty years given their best efforts to the lyceum, and by their of Utah, instead of being neglected as it was, noble utterances have made its platform not only his- would get some attention and legislation. toric, but symbolic of talent, education, and genius. Major Pond proposed a lecture tour, and she Until the Red path Lyceum Bureau was founded by accepted; it was then that he undertook his James Redpath in Boston, in 1867, lecture committees first managerial contract. Two days later she were in the habit of applying to lecturers and readers direct. These committees were usually made up from did tell her story in Washington. Forty-eight the leading citizens of the town, with a view to securing hours afterwards the Poland bill for the relief the services of the ablest men and women of letters of the oppressed in Utah was a law. for the entertainment of the public. The fee was gen- It is not surprising to learn that the great erally nominal, but sufficient to cover the actual ex- penses of the star and furnish a small honorarium." triumvirate of lecture kings consisted of Jobn Among those who were brought before the B. Gough, Henry Ward Beecher, and Wendell public under these early conditions were Ed- Phillips. ward Everett, Ralph Waldo Emerson, John «Gough was one of the heroes of the nineteenth century. The incalculable good he did his fellow men B. Gough, Wendell Phillips, George William can never be known. It is no idle statement when we Curtis, James Russell Lowell, Edward Everett say that he was the direct means, under God, of raising Hale, Bayard Taylor, Henry Ward Beecher, tens of thousands from degradation. . . . He was a Julia Ward Howe, Susan B. Anthony, Anna charming man personally - modest, unassuming, kind- hearted, and sincere." E. Dickinson, and Mary A. Livermore. The four great readers who could attract attention Wendell Phillips is accredited with being the year after year were George Vandenhoff and most polished and graceful orator our country James E. Murdoch - famous Shakespearean has ever known. The author's recollections actors of the day - Professor Churchill of of Beecher extend over many pages. Andover, and Charlotte Cushman. Mr. Shil- “ He had, as I can bear witness, the power of ab- straction by which he could put away all thoughts of laber(" Mrs. Partington”) as a humorous care and trouble, and rise to a higher atmosphere where * ECCENTRICITIES OF GENIUS: Memories of Famous Men the heavens were unclouded, while his eyes and ears and Women of the Platform and Stage. By Major J. B. were closed to all lower considerations. To those Pond. Illustrated. New York: The G. W. Dillingham Co. nearest to bim at these times this power seemed almost 1901.] 41 THE DIAL was tice disappointed. superhuman. . . . I remember saying to him one day, moments later he tçok a piece of; manuscript in his after I had seen him walking arm in arm with a man hand, and, turning around with it, laið it on a side who had injured him, who had been abusing him, “I table. Just then one of the audience said to me (I think you are carrying the doctrine of forgiveness too think it was Mrs. Livermore or Mrs. Howe), Please far.' He said: Pond, can we go farther than to bless bave the audience pass right out.' He had probably those who curse us, and pray for those who despitefully been speaking about fifteen minutes. The audience use us? Ab, there is so little known of the spirit of Christ passed out, many of them in tears. I never read any in the world that when a man is trying feebly and afar account of it in the newspapers. I suppose it was out to follow Him even Christians do not understand it.'” of love and veneration for the dear man that the inci- Emerson called Charles Sumner o the dent did not receive public mention, but there must be whitest soul I ever knew.” a great many still alive who were witnesses to that Men of whom memorable scene." such remarks may be made with absolute truth Mr. Israel Zangwill was one of the unique are rare in the public life of any nation, and characters whom Manager Pond introduced to their careers should be kept prominently before American audiences. each rising generation. But Sumner's faults Zangwill's “indomitable assurance,” adding: He speaks of Mr. of character are as well known as his public 6. Whatever he said was so because he said so, services - he was unconciliating, egotistic, and although I knew better at the time." Three dogmatic. Major Pond and his father were pages are devoted to Mr. Hall Caine, who was once on the same train with the " aristocrat." greatly disappointed at his lack of success in He was reading in the drawing-room car. America as author-reader. Zangwill and Caine, “Father stepped up and said : The Honorable Charles Sumner? I have read all of your speeches. I both smarting at their treatment by the New feel that it is the duty of every American to take you York papers, breakfasting together at the by the hand. This is my son — he has just returned Waldorf, were “so chopfallen and dejected from the Kansas conflict. Honorable Charles Sumner that they might have put pepper in their cof- did not see father por his son, but he saw the porter fee instead of sugar without knowing the dif- and said: •Can you get me a place where I will be undis- ference.” “ Ian Maclaren” turbed ?' Poor father! His heart was almost broken." as much The author's estimate of " Mark Twain" is surprised at his audiences as Mr. Caine was lengthy, and naturally commendatory. Suffice to say that he considers him one of the greatest welcome tendered him in this country. Ameri- Sir Edwin Arnold was also surprised at the geniuses of our time, and as great a philosopher can audiences were amazed at the poet-editor's as humorist. The “ eccentricities” of “ Max retentive memory. O’Rell” he found unenjoyable. The history “One evening in my library Sir Edwin was reclining of professional humorists shows that they have on a lounge. I was holding a rare volume of Shake- turned their bright side to the world, have speare, wbich he had been admiring and had passed to laughed and joked, and have so bubbled over • Now, Major,' he said, give me the first line with humor that they seem to have no serious from any scene and I'll give you the whole scene.' I side — all this with a background of physical gave him a line from the least-known of the plays and, to my astonishment, he recited the entire scene. He disease, or a personal sorrow, that made mental told me afterward that he could recite Shakespeare depression inevitable. “ Bill Nye” kept alive from beginning to end." his quaint humor in the face of bodily disabil. Speaking of the passage of our international ity under which men of less courage would copyright law, Sir Edwin humorously said : have succumbed at once. Personally I was never a fanatic in the matter. I There is a pathetic strain in the account of have always rather had a tenderness for those buc- Ralph Waldo Emerson's last appearance on the caneers of the ocean of books who, in nefarious bottoms, carried my poetical goods far and wide without any platform. A lecture was given to raise funds charge for freight." to save the Old South Church from being torn down. The venerable author faced as choice point out the sphere of the book under con- It is impossible to do more than merely an audience of the blue blood of Boston as sideration. Upwards of a hundred persons -- has ever assembled in that old chapel. all well known names in the world of science, “Mr. Emerson was introduced. As he began read- ing his lecture the audience was very attentive. After a literature, art, and theology -- are here treated few moments he lost his place, and his grand-daughter, in a gossipy, reminiscent manner. The author sitting in the front row of seats, gently stepped toward does not claim to be more than a story-teller, him and reminded him that he was lecturing. He saw and his book is not more nor less than what at once that he was wandering, and with a most charm- he claims it to be. A little more indulgent ing, characteristic, apologetic bow he resumed his place - an incident that seemed to affect the audience more appreciation of the right word in the right than anything else that could have occurred. A few | place would have added to the literary quality me. 66 42TAT? 0 THE DIAL [Jan. 16, of the work:; but ķis yeneration for the “ aris- excessively radical views. He possesses rare lit- tocracy of genius.: overbaląpices his respect for erary gifts, especially in the field of biography. mere words. He has a keen sense of humor Naturally, then, we expect from him an ac- it is not every man who can carry a bon mot, curate and vivid picture, if only in outline, of and probably no man carries witticisms cor Theodore Parker and his times; and such the rectly who has not himself a full comprehension book proves to be. The author has set himself of their point. In addition to this, bis per the difficult task of compressing the story of ception of character is acute, and he possesses Theodore Parker's life, for which Weiss (in- the rare faculty of being able to single out traits cluding, however, much correspondence) re- which are peculiar to each person. It is not quired a thousand pages and Frothingham hard to read between the lines, that dealings nearly six hundred, into four hundred small with celebrities are not always as agreeable as pages. He would have preferred, he says, to might be hoped. Yet, in spite of the cases make a book even larger than Weiss's, draw- where his subjects have been imbued with an ing freely from Parker's works and correspond- exaggerated idea of their own greatness, Major ence; or, within the limits of a work like the Pond could hardly hesitate in saying, as Bos- present, to introduce a more largely autobio- well said to Lord Chatham : “I have the graphical element. But he has wisely refrained happiness of being capable to contemplate with from either course. To our generation, the supreme delight those distinguished spirits by present book will be more really serviceable. which God is sometimes pleased to honor In these pages Theodore Parker lives again humanity.” INGRAM A. PYLE. — scholar and teacher, minister, heretic, theo- logian, leader of the enemies of slavery. The proportion of the book is good. We do not complain that Mr. Chadwick has laid too much THEODORE PARKER AND HIS TIMES.* stress on the side of the preacher, for we do Another biography of Theodore Parker is not think he has. Parker, with all his multi- welcome. Weiss's bulky and “chaotic” work, farious reading, book-reviewing, lecturing, and which appeared in 1864, was written too soon fighting of slavery, was first and last and always after the stormy life it portrayed had come to a preacher, with the sermonizing habit so firmly a close. It was, moreover, the work of one rooted that he could never shake it off. He felt who was too much of a partisan of its hero. “ born for a pulpit if for anything." His other Yet withal it is a wonderfully interesting book; activities, however, were marvellously diverse ; we know an Episcopal clergyman who has read and these Mr. Chadwick has clearly set forth. it three times. Dr. Frothingham, on the other In summing up Parker's traits and defining hand, was in his earlier years a sympathizer his present position in the public estimation, with Parker's theological opponents, a fact Mr. Chadwick differs from Frothingham con- which could hardly fail to leave its effect on cerning Parker's lack of “the atmosphere of even his maturer judgment of the great preacher devout feeling.” The explanation of this lack - though Mr. Chadwick believes this effect Mr. Chadwick finds not in the predominance was slight. The other biographies — Réville's, of Parker's intellectual power over his religious Dean's, Altherr's, and the rest — are either not sensibility, - he thinks Parker's religious sen- readily accessible or not of prime importance. sibility was much greater than his intellectual Mr. Chadwick, then, had the opportunity of power, - but rather in his “exaggeration of producing a really desirable and timely book. Martineau's conspicuous defect, that of looking Mr. Chadwick is, moreover, well qualified to for the significance of religion too rigidly to write the story of Theodore Parker's life. He its intellectual contents." He agrees with enjoyed a personal acquaintance with Parker Frothingham, however, in calling Parker “the and the members of the circle in which Parker grandest theist of the time.” Concerning lived. He is familiar with Parker's system of Parker's philosophical and theological position, thought and its relation to the speculation of Mr. Chadwick, writing a quarter of a century Parker's time in America and abroad ; he is later, naturally goes further than Frothingham, fully in sympathy with the creed of Parker, at - for in that interim great changes have come the same time appreciating the point of view about, so great as to “make Parker's hetero- of those whose opinions differed from Parker's doxy seem antiquated, almost absurd, ortho- doxy." With skill he points out how much fur- * THEODORE PARKER, PREACHER AND REFORMER. By John White Chadwick. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. ther orthodox critics have now gone than Parker 1901.) 43 THE DIAL thought of going, and how Parker's doctrine Miracle, Peter, Epistles of Peter, Passover, of “the divine immanence in matter and in and Pharisees. man " is now held by most Christian thinkers. The point of view of the authors of the But great as was the preacher in Parker, articles in this volume is that of historical crit- the humanitarian was greater. He is remem icism, although in the case of certain contrib- bered to-day not so much by his sermons, now utors there is to be seen a somewhat unexpected little read, as by his devotion to discouraged, disregard of what has come to be accepted as doubting, and downtrodden humanity. The probability. Yet even in so conservative an call to aid a fugitive slave was put above article as that of Dr. M'Clymont upon the everything else. He must follow the flag of New Testament, critical results are by no humanity. And to this part of the story Mr. means disregarded. As a whole, the articles Chadwick does full justice. The life of the are of exceptional value, although one's pat- anti-slavery leader and of the pastor of ten riotism leads one to feel that more work might thousand souls, from Boston to Calcutta, he well have been assigned to American scholars. recounts vividly. It must be said, too, that some of the articles The make-up of the book is good. Some upon the New Testament are disappointing, minor corrections have already appeared in and hardly of the same grade as those dealing print; in addition we may note (p. xix.) that with similar subjects in the Old Testament. the “ National Review” article of 1860, which That upon the New Testament Canon, for in- has been ascribed to James Martineau, ap stance, is hardly more than a somewhat mod- peared in volume x; and (p. xiv.) that the ernized epitome of Westcott, - a discussion discourse on Daniel Webster was not published of the external evidence of different books, till 1853. The bibliography is fairly full. which all but ignores the weighty matters of References to Allibone and Poole for sup local, partial, and heretical canons, as well as plementary titles might have been added the motives and causes leading to the final (cp. p. 379); and why confine the list to adoption of the canon in its present form. English books ? Mr. Chadwick was of course Similarly, the article upon the Messiah, al- aware of Altherr's careful study (Theodor though sufficient for the general reader, will Parker in seinem Leben und Wirken darge- disappoint the special student. Altogether stellt, St. Gallen, 1894 ; see an appreciative admirable, however, are the articles of Pro- review by M. Picard in Revue de l'histoire fessor Chase upon the Epistles of Peter, that des religions xxx. 224–227), and of the earlier upon the Second Epistle being a model of and briefer work by H. Lang (Theodor method and investigation. Professor Findlay Parker, Zürich, about 1880). The list might has done characteristically careful work upon also have properly included Ziethen's transla Paul the Apostle. Here again we have an tion of some of Parker's works into German illustration of the conservative progress of (five vols., Leipzig, 1854–61). But these are English New Testament scholars. Professor minor points. “A good index makes the book Findlay favors Lightfoot's view of Paul's doubly valuable. 66 thorn in the flesh" as epilepsy, and holds CLARK SUTHERLAND NORTHUP. to the second imprisonment of the Apostle, as well as the older chronological scheme of his life, while adopting the South Galatian theory HASTINGS'S BIBLE DICTIONARY.* of Ramsay. It is to be regretted that in its The third volume of Hastings's “ Dictionary exposition of the Pauline thought the treat- ment should have been so much more system- of the Bible” maintains the previous high atic than historical. Of the two articles by standard of the monumental work. While it Dr. Fairweather upon the Maccabees, that would hardly be true to say that its subjects upon the history of the family is hardly more are more important than those of Volume II., than a brief statement of external events, and a book must be of first importance that treats, all but overlooks the great movements of among other subjects, of Matthew, Mark, Luke, thought and religion that characterized their the Old and New Testament canons, Paul the epoch. Professor Kennedy has produced a Apostle, Law, Moses, Numbers, Mediator, most valuable study upon the money of the * A DICTIONARY OF THE BIBLE: Dealing with its Lan Bible, in which he follows the trend of recent guage, Literature, and Contents, including Biblical Theology. Edited by James Hastings, M.A., D.D. Volume III., Kir- numismatic work in refusing to accept any coin Pleides. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. of the Maccabees earlier than John Hyrcanus. 44 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL An equally valuable article is that of Professor plenipotentiary power must be granted. The very McAllister upon Medicine. remedies proposed show the Caucasian to be a man It is, however, quite impossible and almost of like passions with his yellow-skinned congener, impertinent to and Shylock's outburst and plea for a common hu- these ex cathedra judgments pass upon such serious and scholarly work as is manity comes into mind with every fresh revelation contained in this volume. It would perhaps of the wish to place all the moral responsibility upon Chinese shoulders as a preliminary to doing be better, in a short review, to be content something, ostensibly for his own good, but really with congratulating the general editor of the for the good of his advisers. Dictionary, Dr. James Hastings, for his suc The book of M. Pierre Leroy-Beaulieu, “The cess, not alone in his selection of contributors, Awakening of the East,” is an honorable exception but also in the almost uniform justice with to this. Mr. Henry Norman writes an introduction which the space is distributed. His work, His work, for it, saying rightly that the three countries treated representing as it does both caution and inde in the work, Siberia, Japan, and China, are those pendence in the use of scientific methods in concerning which enlightenment is needed before biblical study, is certain to have a permanent the question of China alone can be discussed at all. The author is a Frenchman, and has travelled place and influence in the rapid development through the lands he describes. He gives us not of a rational theology. only an account of the position of Russia, which SHAILER MATHEW8. seems to be less advantageous than Great Britain has generally been disposed to think, but a sympa- thetic survey of the advance of Japan, and an illu- minating comparison of Japan's condition forty THE HINGE OF THE WORLD'S FUTURE.* years ago with that of China to-day. Other writers The criticism of Mr. Chester Holcombe in “ The have seen in the laying off of one culture and the Real Chinese Question” applies to nearly all of assumption of another, by the people of the Mikado, the books dealing with the weighty problem on an evidence of instability and lack of moral convic- tion. which the future of the entire world may be said to With more insight, our author holds that hinge. Not the welfare of the Chinese, but that of Japan was touched at heart not at all by the Chinese the various nations of Christendom clamoring at civilization she is so rapidly discarding, and not much by the European garments in which she is the gates of the ancient empire, is the subject of their consideration. The talk is all of reparation clothing herself, her own national life lying calm and undisturbed below them all; that it is the depth and indemnity from the Chinese, with never the of this life, not its shallowness, which enables the hint of a suggestion of indemnity or reparation to astonishing change to be made. In China, on the them for the wholesale atrocities visited upon them by the Allied forces. For the most part every other hand, the civilization of the people is the author assumes that the European or American people itself, and a change is inconceivable except as a preliminary to national suicide. In Japan, too, point of view, or the point of view of some one of the nation worked out its own salvation; in China, the Christian sects, is the only one from which the a multitude of self-constituted counsellors are stand- present emergency can be grasped ; that the Chi- nese, even in their own country, are strange and ing about suggesting or dictating safety — for them- inhuman, and that the solution of their problems selves. He sees in England, Japan, and the United States the only honest advocates of an open-door lies with the statesmen of Christendom, to whom policy, and his advice to his countrymen is to secure *THE AWAKENING OF THE East. By Pierre Leroy-Beau for Europe in China such commercial concessions lieu. New York: McClure, Phillips & Co. as have been wrested from Turkey. THE PROBLEM OF Asia, and Its Effect upon International Captain Mahan is an excellent illustration of the Policies. By Captain A. T. Mahan. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co. writer whose only thought is one of enlightened THE CHINAMAN AS WE SEE Hım. By Ira A. Condit, D.D. selfishness; and it is doubtful if a line in his “ Prob. Chicago : Fleming H, Revell Company. lem of Asia” has the good of the Chinese nation at CHINA AND THE PRESENT CRISI8. By Joseph Walton, M.P. heart, except in so far as unhappiness in that coun- New York: Charles Scribner's Song. try conduces to unhappiness for Christendom or to AN AMERICAN ENGINEER IN CHINA. By William Barclay Christian disadvantage. “ The propriety of non- Parsons. New York: McClure, Phillips & Co. THE OUTBREAK IN CHINA: Its Causes. By F. L. Hawks interference,” or “the conventional rights of a 80- Pott, D.D. New York: James Pott & Co. called independent state to regulate its own internal THE STORY OF THE CHINESE CRISIS. By Alexis Krausse. affairs,” are outworn phantasies with him when New York: Cassell & Co., Ltd. Chinese affairs are under discussion. His advice, THE STORY OF CHINA. By Neville P. Edwards. Phila- then, would be to prevent a preponderance of influ- delphia : J. B. Lippincott Company. THE ATTACHÉ AT PEKING. By A. B. Freeman-Mitford, ence in the East on the part of any one of the C.B. New York: The Macmillan Company. Powers, and to secure an open door, not in the THE REAL CHINESE QUESTION. By Chester Holcombe. commercial sense alone, but for the importation of New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. our civilization, lest China, waxing fat under in- 1901.] 46 THE DIAL creased trade, shall not at the same time acquire These conditions are not wholly selfish, in the “the corrective and elevating element of the higher sense in which the Chinese will not profit by them ideals, which in Europe have made good their con at all; but it is to be remarked that nothing but trolling influence over mere physical might” (using good will flow from them to Great Britain, while his own words). This is delicious : is it America the assumption by foreigners of the inland com- in the Philippines, England in South Africa, Russia merce of China would throw many millions of in Manchuria, France in Madagascar, or Germany Chinese into starvation. in Liao-Tong, which is to set China the example of To a great extent, the interest of Mr. William non-aggression a policy which has been Chinese Barclay Parsons's “An American Engineer in since Egypt built the pyramids, and one to which China ” lies in the account therein given of an ex- her fabulous extent of national existence is unques tended professional journey through Hu-nan, a tionably due. For the United States, our man of practically unknown province of the empire. This war would have us “respect to the utmost the integ- expedition was undertaken as the result of an rity of Chinese territory, and the individuality of American concession for constructing a railway the Chinese character in shaping its own govern. from Hankow to Canton, nine hundred miles, which, ment and polity,” only “meddling” (his own word) with the mining and other privileges appertain. with their national affairs when they become in- ing, “ make it, in value and in national importance, ternationally unendurable.” Poor China! second to no other concession granted by the The Reverend Doctor Condit's book,“ The China Chinese Government.” Four hundred miles of its man as We See Him,” says little about the Mon line are to be contained within the "closed" prov- golian race in its own country, and a great deal ince of Hu-nan, traversing its entire length, so that concerning its conduct in America, particularly in during more than half the author's tour he was the San Francisco, where he has been laboring among first white man ever seen by the resident natives. the Chinese for years. Yet it deserves careful study Three other men of European blood had been in the by those who are shaping our national destinies. It province, but only on its waterways; and the in- proves by absolute demonstration that there are formation given by Mr. Parsons is of real import- more points of resemblance than of difference be ance. The expedition was accompanied by soldiers, tween the white and the yellow races; and it holds and was made at some little personal risk, more up to view, with unsparing hand, the vices of the from the childish curiosity of the natives, however, American and his government beside those of his than from any ill will. Mr. Parsons remarks that Eastern brother. Especially significant, in view of our country has the confidence of the Chinese to what is to follow, is the denunciation of the British an extent unknown by other nations, because of its Opium War, and the consequent degradation of the supposed freedom from international greed ; and pagan by the Christian nation. Few defenders of this he thinks is worth retaining, on the principle that atrocity are to be found to-day; but Doctor that "honesty is the best policy." Chapters deal- Condit points out the damning fact that the English ing popularly with professional subjects, like archi- now have an annual revenue of forty millions of tectural and railway engineering, add to the value dollars from this international crime -one wbich of the book, which is well illustrated. is beginning to react upon America in the spread “The Outbreak in China" is due, as the Reverend of the opium babit among us. Doctor Pott analyses the situation, to a round Mr. Joseph Walton's “China and the Present dozen of causes. Among these are listed the Ger- Crisis” is based upon observations made during man seizure of Kiao-chao Bay, the forced lease to eight months of travel in Japan, Corea, and China, Russia of Port Arthur, the forced lease to England during which time five thousand miles were passed of Wei-hai-wei and the extension at Kowloon, the over in the interior of the last-named country. It Italian demand for Sanmen Bay, the general ex- contains a summary of his knowledge delivered tension of the foreign settlements, the introduction before the House of Commons on March 30 last, of railways, the forced concessions to foreigners, and follows this with a chapter dealing with more the subsidizing of Chinese by foreign capital, and recent events, in which certain suggestions are “missionary enterprise." These provoking causes, made for a betterment of the situation. These with others which come from the Chinese, are dis- suggestions are four in number, comprising a grant cussed in detail and remedies are suggested. The to the Chinese government to levy increased duties reverend Doctor advises that " wherever there have on imports, but only on these conditions (how long been anti-foreign uprisings, punitive expeditions would the United States permit the outside world should penetrate, and the guilty, responsible for to dictate its tariff laws ?): all other taxes on goods the massacre of innocent women and children, be to be abolished, and a substantial share of the in- | made to pay the penalty for their barbarous cruelty. creased revenues to be given the provincial govern The arrogance and self-conceit of ages must be ments; all officials to be adequately paid ; all inland trailed in the dust." Doctor Pott advances argu- waterways in China to be opened to the world's ments for and against a partition of Chinese terri- commerce; and all railways built with foreign tory — after China bas been properly humiliated — capital to become the property of the Chinese gov but nothing distantly resembling a moral concept ernment upon due compensation being granted. can be discerned; he expresses the conviction that - 46 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL Russia, France, and Germany will continue their cides with Sir Robert Hart's recently expressed present aggressions; and advises America to re views. To this end he proposes three reforms, member that her part should not be merely further which seem to po88e88 a degree of practicality that land-grabbing, or the increase of commerce, but is absent from most other suggestions. He would the advancement of Christian civilization in the (first) have an imperial standard of weights and Far East." measures enforced by the Chinese themselves, pre- Mr. Alexis Krausse, in spite of his un-English sumably as a step toward securing justice in name, presents the case of Great Britain in “The (secondly) paying the Chinese officials an adequate Story of the Chinese Crisis,” leading up to the salary with consequent inhibition of existing schemes present status by a justification of the Opium War, for extortion, followed (thirdly) by denying official and setting forth the two serious mistakes of the position to all persons found to be addicted to the British foreign office in dealing with China as lying opium habit, holding here, with Doctor Condit, in the seizure of Port Arthur by Russia without that the opium-user is certain to become a moral effective protest, and the assumption of the throne alien, unable to distinguish between right and by the Dowager Empress. He calls attention, as wrong. Throughout his interesting work, Mr. Mr. Walton did also, to the patent fact that the Holcombe never loses sight of the Chinese point of interests of the British in China are of vastly more view, and has no hesitancy in laying bare to his consequence than those in South Africa, and that readers' gaze some of the numerous infamies which present preoccupation with the sturdy burghers is Christian governments and their people have prac- likely to result in a tremendous future loss in the tised upon the government and people of the East — presumably a part of the price which Presi Flowery Kingdom. dent Krueger said England would have to pay for Yet, at best, the ten books here reviewed leave South African subjugation. little hope of a future which will make for the “The Story of China,” by Mr. Neville P. Ed world's peace or for the continued prosperity of wards, seems intended for the consumption of the Caucasian race as the conservator of high British jingoes exclusively, It deals with the ethical ideals. Might, not right, sits in the high question in a flippant and heartless way, setting places, and the possible adoption by peaceful China forth the history of England in China with little of the militarism of Europe and the “land hunger” regard to the facts involved, and displaying no of America is indeed a “ Yellow Peril” whose capacity for dealing with the weighty problems of menace no one may now foretell. the hour. It is plentifully illustrated. WALLACE RICE. The republication, after thirty-four years, of Mr. Freeman-Mitford's “The Attaché at Peking” is important for the curious proof it affords that his- BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. tory repeats itself, and quite as much so for the preface just added to the book, which contains all More chapters Mr. Julian Corbett's study of the the suggestions of experience and a point of view of England's Tudor navy is brought to a close in a that is quite the author's own. He justifies the naval history. work on “ The Successors of Drake” use of opium in a pipe, and quotes authorities in (Longmans). This volume carries the reader proof of its harmlessness; he sets forth the virtues through the period of hostilities with Spain which of the Jesuit missionaries in China with rare dis extended from the death of Drake in 1596 to the passion; and he proposes, as one step toward a conclusion of the war at the accession of James I. settlement, that the capital be removed to Nanking, For the most part, political histories of England do which enjoyed that honor during the fifteenth cen not expand the events of these years; for with the tury. The entire book is informing and readable ; defeat of the Armada the British navy achieved its but the flying bats printed in gold upon its covers greatest glory and is supposed to have crushed are a poor symbol of its general freedom from Spanish sea-power. With Drake's disappearance prejudice. from the stage, much of the picturesque in English For an American reader, the most informing and naval action is lost. Mr. Corbett's more thorough satisfactory work of all is Mr. Chester Holcombe's examination into the history of this period leads “ The Real Chinese Question.” The author has him to believe that the famous sea-fight, far from had thirty years' experience in the Empire, half of being a crowning victory, was but a prelude to it spent in an official connection with the American more serious contests, and that it required ten more Legation at Peking and half in furthering various years to so strengthen the British navy that Philip financial and commercial projects among would admit his inability to crush England. The Chinese. Strange to say, after this wide experience dying Spanish king advised his son to make peace, he rather admires the people instead of hating but both king and nation were reluctant, and with them, and his book comes nearer disinterestedness the final peace Spain yielded nothing of the West than any of its fellows. The one important ques- Indian trade. These years were years of change tion before the world to-day in respect of China, he and great development in maritime methods. The believes, is the conservation of the integrity of the dash and recklessness of the earlier leaders, their Chinese government, a position in which he coin strange mixture of puritanism and piracy, gave 1901.] 47 THE DIAL - way to a business-like system of making war for collision with the home office. Fortunately for definite objects. Technical knowledge came to be England, Rafiles was but one of a host of agents regarded as essential for the command of ships. who, overstepping the limits set by central authority, The result was ultimately a navy more powerful effected permanent improvement and expansion. than any Spain could produce, acknowledging but Mr. Egerton asserts that Raffles was a conscious one rival, the Dutch. Thus, while the romance of philanthropic expansionist, that a desire to better war departed with Drake, it was in the years that native conditions went hand in hand with business followed that a permanent British sea-power was administration, and that his term of office was created. History, says Mr. Corbett, has not justly marked by decided improvement in native life. appreciated the importance of this latter period. This actual betterment was undeniably achieved ; Still, the present volume treats of some characters nevertheless it is not difficult to see that to Rafties's and episodes surely picturesque, if not heroic. Essex mind England's foreign power, the Company's and Raleigh strove to emulate the brilliant exploits finances, and native improvement, held importance of Drake and Hawkins, and in the capture of Cadiz in the order stated. Nor did he disdain to use all the came near the mark. Essex, indeed, until political accustomed methods of doubtful intrigue to secure intrigue had sapped his influence and exhausted his the submission of native princes. Thus after a patience, is presented as a man of unusual attain successful war, begun in intrigue, he wrote: “A ments, and one unfairly treated by historians. | population of not less than a million has been Raleigh, on the other hand, has been over-estimated wrested from the tyranny and oppression of an in- by writers. Secure in the Queen's favor, important dependent, ignorant, and cruel Prince, and a country commands were given him; and these, together yielding to none on earth in fertility and cultivation, with his charming writings, served to give him an affording a revenue of not less than a million of undeserved reputation for naval wisdom. That men Spanish dollars in the year, placed at our disposal." of the Elizabethan period were fully conscious of Raffles was never idle; he worked hard, aged early, the power of the press, is seen in the fact that both and died in retirement in England at forty-six, Essex and Raleigh, upon the capture of Cadiz, sent | July 5, 1826. He is an excellent illustration of off post-haste to London a private messenger with the energetic colonial administrator, honest and a full account of the exploit, written for personal upright in his motives, and in action as humane as glory. Each hero wished to rush into print; but to him the circumstances warranted. the shrewd Cecil captured and suppressed both The inbred sentiment that moves messages, and issued only the official account of Two books on the Lord Howard. Mr. Corbett has produced a schol- most of us to view with a jealous arly work. Research and discrimination are evident eye the military branch of the fed- throughout. Extreme detail prohibits popularity in eral public service has undoubtedly wrought some a sense, as does also the necessarily technical char- injustice, in that it has prevented due recognition acter of much of the work; yet there are many of the fine soldierly qualities, the unswerving good pages of brilliant description and of illuminating citizenship, the arduous services in the policing and analysis. opening up to the settler of our far-western domain, of our regular army; and we therefore gladly com- “The Builders of Greater Britain mend to all American readers, as an excellent his- A builder of series (Longmans) is brought to a torical sketch and a temperate though feeling and Greater Britain. conclusion in the publication of a forcible plea for a body of men who deserve excep- volume on Sir Stamford Raffles by Mr. Hugh E. tionally well of their country, the little book wherein Egerton. The book is unmistakably the best of the General George A. Forsyth, a gallant soldier and series in literary workmanship and in biographical an attractive, virile writer, tells “ The Story of the style, though not in intrinsic interest. Sir Stamford Soldier” (Appleton). General Forsyth's story of Raffles was a poor boy who, by sheer hard work, the growth as an establishment of the army, and of fought his way up to a position of confidence in the its more signal exploits in the field, is necessarily home office of the East India Company. In 1805 an outline sketch, but it is graphic, vigorously he was sent to Prince of Wales Island, and sub-drawn, and based on wide experience. Its aim is sequently served in Java, Sumatra, and Singapore, to give the reader a correct idea of the soldier of in important capacities. He was responsible for the United States army as he really is. The vol- the English exploitation of Singapore as a check ume opens with an account of the inception of the upon Dutch influence in the East, and it is mainly army, its raison d'être, and the sources whence its for this service that he is included in the present officers are commissioned. A chapter is devoted to series. Yet this was not his only claim upon public the characteristics and development of the soldier recognition, for he was endowed in an unusual - his surroundings, perquisites, and pay. To read- degree with the qualities which have created British ers with a taste for adventure the chapters on the empire. He was hampered by instructions from various campaigns in our chronic Indian wars will England, yet, assuming the independence to act prove satisfying. There are a half-dozen striking and to refer afterwards, he succeeded in executing illustrations by Mr. R. F. Zogbaum. — The pen of his own designs without coming into immediate General Forsyth and the pencil of Mr. Zogbaum American Soldier. 48 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL 66 are again interestingly in evidence in the volume Even before man is reached in the chain of life, containing four stories of personal experiences in death is established as an indispensable corollary Indian Warfare and in the Civil War, and entitled and condition of advancement. Educableness, then, “Thrilling Days in Army Life” (Harper). The is the differentiating quality of the organic indi- titles are : “ A Frontier Fight”; “An Apache vidual. And death is due, not merely to the process Raid "; "Sheridan's Ride"; "The Closing Scene of natural selection, the survival of the fittest, at Appomattox Court-House.” The title of the but also to the sacrifice needed for the due devel- book does not belie the contents. The stories are opment of the oncoming race. Though the indi- thrilling” enough, and they are the better for be- viduality of eacb man amounts to isolation, it is ing so modestly and directly told. The book has only in mankind that the power of sympathy reaches the sharp literalism of the account of an eye its height. Sympathy finds expression in language, witness; and its quality is not impaired by any and otherwise, and is prompted by natural and straining at rhetorical effect. Mr. Zogbaum's pic- tribal affection, the religious motive, property, and tures are decidedly good in their way, and there especially by social institutions. It is in sympathetic are sixteen of them. outgoing to the needs of his kind that man best No one is familiar with the history conquers the fear of death. Professor Shaler has Memories of the Tennysons. of the Tennyson family, or, more made several suggestive departures from the strict specifically, with the "Memoirs" scope of his field. War, he says, is waste of the prepared by the second Lord Tennyson, without young life, that, reared at great cost, is not allowed being aware of the intimacy between that distin- to perfect its contribution to the good of the whole. Old age should be secured to larger number, and in guished group and the family of the Reverend H. D. Rawnsley. “ Memories of the Tennysons" modern society can be utilized for the general profit (Macmillan), from the band of the honorary Canon as never before. Immortality is not denied by the of Carlisle, will therefore be welcomed as tending certain observed facts that tally with belief in a discoveries of latter-day science, while there are to cast new light on the individualities of the most life beyond death. As a whole, this book is the distinguished band of brothers in English literature. The chief concern of the author is, of course, with result of such observation, experience, and wisdom Alfred Tennyson, and many interesting anecdotes as a young man could not have had. Its pages are are given, none of them disclosing any unsuspected frequently illuminating outside the line of their traits of a man so fully contemporaneous and so direct discussion. The open mind and the rever- fortunate in his biographies, yet all rounding out ence of the writer are everywhere evident. As a toward completeness our knowledge of that com- single word of blame amidst the praise — there is room in a second edition for the correction of nu- manding personality. The incidents are set forth with great good nature and entire frankness, in- merous small errors, due to imperfect proof-reading. cluding some corrections of Mr. Rawnsley's speech Professor Frank J. Goodnow is a pro- by the Laureate, as when he insisted upon the A philosophy lific writer, as well as a logical and of politics. pronunciation of “knowledge” with the “ö" as in forcible one. His magnum opus on know" – an eccentricity of speech due, like many “Comparative Administrative Law,” published in others, to his northern English origin. A chapter 1893, was soon followed by his “ Municipal Home not less interesting than the others is devoted to Rale” and “Municipal Problems," and to these he Charles Tennyson Turner; while the book is pre has now added a work entitled “Politics and Ad- faced by a series of homely anecdotes rescued from ministration, a Study in Government” (Macmil- servants and villagers who knew the Tennysons of lan). The title corresponds to the author's division old. An interesting photograph of Alfred Tenny of the functions of government into the political son has been reproduced for the frontispiece, and and the administrative — the expression and the the charm of the Reverend Mr. Rawnsley's style execution of the state's will the judicial function makes the book a contribution to literature in more being classed as a subdivision of administration. senses than one. Like Mr. Bryce, Professor Goodnow lays much “ The Individual, Professor N. S. Shaler, as a partial stress upon extra-legal institutions; and he gives in a Study of Life result of thirty-five years of teach an interesting way the history and philosophy of and Death." ing, has presented, in “ The Indi such spontaneous political growths as the party, the vidual, a Study of Life and Death” (Appleton), spoils system, and the boss. He advises legal rec- an application of the theory of evolution to some ofognition of political parties, in a way to make them the greatest concerns of mankind. A consideration and their leaders responsible to the public, and of the purely physical realm, and then of that realm finds encouragement in England's development of which contains life, shows that the organic form is responsible government and efficient administration differentiated from the inorganic by its capacity to out of corrupt bossism and a corrupt and inefficient gather and store experience. Thus each successive civil service. His other principal recommendation generation of individuals is nourished, the older is in the direction of a reasonable centralization of form, after having transmitted its garnered experi the American administrative system, coupled with ence, disappearing to make room for the newer. an extension of the principle of self-government. 1901.] 49 THE DIAL uneven no reason “What we need, in order to obtain harmony be- by his brute companions, when Mr. Alexander tween the locality and the state, is to grant the Graham Bell's “visible speech ” would have an- locality more local legislative power than it now swered every purpose better. Mr. Garner says of possesses, and to subject it to central administrative one of his chimpanzees (page 116) that he “suc- control where it is acting as the agent of the state.” ceeded in teaching him one word of human speech," Whatever store the world may set a statement not borne out by his fuller account of The treatment the experiment (pp. 135 et seq.). Doctor Edward and training by severe academic training, there of children. Everett Hale provides an interesting introduction are times when the absence of it is for the book, which is handsomely designed and refreshing. Such an instance was to be found in illustrated. Mrs. Charlotte Perkins Gilman's “ Women and Economics," and another is now afforded by her Reference book In the preface to his work on “ Pre- newer work “ Concerning Children” (Small, May of Prehistoric historic Implements" (Robert Clarke nard & Co.). To a degree hardly known outside Implements. Co.), Mr. Warren K. Moorehead of that remarkable family of Beechers of which warns us that his book is a reference-book for col. she is a member, Mrs. Gilman's work possesses a lectors, not a hand-book for the professional arche- quality that provokes discussion. Whether her ologist. There are, he informs us, four thousand readers find themselves in complete disagreement five bundred persons in the United States who own with her and thus forced to set up a position of collections of relics containing from fifty to twenty- their own, or holding to certain of her tenets for five thousand specimens. His book aims to direct reasons the reverse of hers, there is hardly a page the efforts of these collectors to profitable ends. of her work that does not have its effect from her There is no question that its influence will be help- manner of presentation. She announces with some fully felt. The prehistoric relics of the United thing of the joy of the discoverer that children have States are described by geographical areas. Some rights of all kinds which the adult is bound to re of these are discussed by Mr. Moorehead himself, spect. She does not believe for a moment that a but nine assistants, "editors," have presented the stupid, perverse, or untrained mother is better fitted facts regarding their own local fields. This diver- to bring up her own child than an intelligent, re sity of authors has led to a fairly full — though ceptive, thoroughly disciplined instructor. She sees treatment of hitherto somewhat neglected - no spiritual or intellectual reason areas; but a well-digested, connected, and sym- why a man of the highest attainments should re metrical presentation of the same material by one gard it as an honor to instruct youths of twenty, person would have been far more satisfactory. It when he can do a thousand times more good by is unfortunate that the illustrations are not better, teaching infants of two. She does not think women and that greater care was not taken with the word- from the lowest walks in life are the best companions ing of the text and in proof-reading. While a long for ingenuous youth in kilts; and the Southern list of errata is given in the early part of the book, contempt for the negro as an associate, with a it does not begin to give the errors ; there are placid acquiescence in any negro being a good probably more unnoted errors than pages in the enough mentor for the Southern child, she regards book. The fact that Mr. Moorehead's health was as more than incongruous. But we cannot go further in a precarious condition during the time when the into the details of this wholesomely disturbing book was being prepared is some excuse for the book, which deserves to be read on its own account. unsatisfactory form in which it appears. Whatever Mr. R. L. Garner has to The annual extra Winter Number Modern pen studies among say about our kinsfolk, the Quadru drawing and of “ The Studio " is this year de- apes and monkeys. mana, is reasonably certain to be of draughtsmen. voted to an exposition of “Modern interest. Apes and Monkeys, Their Life and Pen-Drawings: European and American” (John Language' (Ginn & Co.) is his most important Lane), in a handsomely printed volume issued under popular account of his recent work in searching out the editorship of Mr. Charles Holme. The text is the psychology of the brute creation nearest us in contributed by special authorities in the various development, physical and intellectual. It contains countries represented, and forms a comprehensive a brief narrative of his stay in the wilds of Africa and reliable, though necessarily brief, survey of the during his attempts to catch the speech and observe subject. But the main interest of the volume lies the manners of the manlike apes in the open forests. in the collection of illustrations, which would do The account of the words and vocal articulations credit to a much more ambitious and expensive used by these animals for the conveyance of ideas work. Every artist commented upon in the text is is, it may be presumed, to be followed by a less represented, many of the pictures having been popular and more scientifically exact work on the drawn especially for this purpose. The reproduc- subject. It is to be noted with regret that Mr. tion and general arrangement of the drawings evi- Garner appears to be so unfamiliar with the study dence the same skill and taste that have made of phonetics that he has gone to the pains of in “The Studio” the most beautiful periodical that venting a system of notation for the sounds used we have. In the section devoted to American art- Mr. Garner's 66 50 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL 66 ists a number of errors in the spelling of proper BRIEFER MENTION. names are to be found, and sometimes (as in the case of Mr. Gibson) the drawings selected are not Messrs. Small, Maynard & Co. have reprinted the always fairly representative of the artist's ability. « Poems” of the late Philip Henry Savage, bringing But these are minor blemishes that can detract but together in a single volume the two small books pub- little from one's enjoyment of the work, which is lished during the lifetime of the author, and the really a remarkable one for the price. best poems found in his portfolio after his death.” The whole collection is edited by Mr. Daniel Gregory Mason, Methods of Mr. Frank Hendrick, Ricardo prize and embellished with a portrait of the writer. railway fellow in Harvard University, has “ The Listening Child,” edited by Mrs. Lucy W. regulation. written a useful monograph on Thatcher, is a selection of English and American verse “Railway Control by Commissions" (Putnam's for “the youngest readers and hearers.” It is, as Questions of the Day” series), in which he gives fully thought out and intelligently arranged,” and pro- Colonel Higginson says in bis introductory note, “ care- an account of railway regulation in France, Italy, vides a great variety of pieces suitable to be placed in Austria, Belgium, Germany, England, and the the hands of readers of sixteen and downwards. The United States, describing most fully the Massa Macmillan Co. are the publishers. chusetts system, which he especially admires, and “ Orestes A. Brownson's Latter Life," covering his concluding that the best form of control is secured last twenty years, has just been published by Mr. Henry by a permanent commission without power. After F. Brownson, the author. This is the third and final summarizing the proposals of various writers for volume of a biography which, although overgrown, is of solving the railway problem, the author submits as much interest to both Catholic and Protestant readers. his own solution, (1) the permission of pooling, Nothing could well be uglier than the mechanical (2) the abolition of the quasi-judicial power of the make-up of these volumes, and it is a pity that so valu- Interstate Commerce Commission, and (3) a sys- able a work should have such a handicap. tem of state commissions on the plan of the Massa- Omar und kein Ende! The last thing Omar would chusetts board, to work in cooperation with a national seem to need is a commentary, but Mr. H. M. Batson has thought otherwise, and has gravely explained the commission to be organized on the same basis. A quatrains one by one. This rather thin performance is final chapter gives an account of the state purchase supplemented by a biographical study of the poet, made of railways in Switzerland. by Mr. E. D. Ross, and a work of the most admirable and scholarly character. FitzGerald's text is sand. In “A Captive of War” (McClure, A graphic picture wiched between these two thick slices of prose, and the of life in Con Phillips & Co.) Mr. Solon Hyde, whole is made into a neat volume by Messrs. Putnams. federate prisons. formerly Hospital Steward of the Dr. Edwin Herbert Lewis's “ Second Manual of Seventeenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, tells the suffi- Composition,” published by the Macmillan Co., carries ciently stirring tale of his experiences in Confederate on into the work of more advanced classes the prin- prisons, notably Libby, Danville, and Andersonville. ciples and the methods inculcated in the earlier volume. Mr. Hyde was captured by Forrest's cavalry a day It is a helpful and thoroughly practical treatise, in- or two after the battle of Chickámauga, Sept. 19, formed by the best scholarship, and deserving of the 1863, and was finally paroled on Feb. 27, 1865, most cordial commendation. after a variety of experiences, in prison and en A revised edition of the standard Spanish-English route from one prison to another, that are well worth Dictionary of Velasquez has long been needed, and has the telling. The style of the narrative is terse, at last been produced by the Messrs. Appleton. The editors are Messrs. Edward Gray and Juan L. Iribas. blunt, and unpolished, and there is a certain bitter- The extent of the revision may be indicated by saying ness of tone throughout born of the rankling mem- that eight thousand new titles have been added, together ory of scenes of brutality, and of ill-treatment at with several hundred idioms. The work makes a vol- the hands of ruffians of the Wirz type, whom the ume of nearly seven hundred pages of three columns war clothed with a little brief authority. That each. It will be followed in due course by a revision “war is hell ” Mr. Hyde's book graphically attests. of the English-Spanish section, and by revised editions of the other lexicographical and educational books of “Old Wickford, the Venice of Amer Velasquez The Venice ica,” is the title of a rather attract The National Educational Association held its meet- Of America. ively made book of 240 pages, ing of last summer at Charleston, S. C., and the annual wherein Mrs. F. Burge Griswold sets forth pleas volume of the proceedings now comes to us from the antly and intelligently, if with a somewhat exag secretary, Mr. Irwin Shepard. As the attendance upon gerated sense of the general interest of ber theme, the meeting fell below the figures of recent years, so the simple annals of the wave-washed village of the volume falls considerably below the standard of Wickford, R. I. The little volume seems in some size set by its recent predecessors. But it contains over eight hundred pages, and proves a valuable repository sort a labor of love, and the author's manifest at- of current educational opinion. Among the more im- tachment to the scenes whereof she writes imparts portant subjects discussed are “The Small College,” a tinge of pleasing sentiment to her style. The text by Presidents Thompson and Harper; “ The Problem is printed on paper of a moderate glaze, and the of the South," by Mr. Booker T. Washington; “ Alcohol score or so of photographic plates are acceptably Physiology,” by Dr. W.O. Atwater; and “ Éducational made. (Milwaukee : Young Churchman Co.). Progress during the Year," by the late B. A. Hinsdale. 1901.) 51 THE DIAL NOTES. The Rowfant Club of Cleveland will begin in March the publication of a reprint of the famous Boston “ Elements of Spoken French," by Mr. Maurice N. “ Dial" of 1840–44. The sixteen pumbers of the orig- Kuhn, is a recent school publication of the American inal issue will be reproduced in exact facsimile, and a Book Co. supplementary volume containing an account of the The American Book Co. send us “Selections from publication by a competent authority, a list of the the Bible,” for use in schools, as arranged by Dr. John contributors, and an index, will be supplied. The edition G. Wright. will be limited. “ Ivanhoe,” in two volumes, with pretty colored illus Three recent English texts are the following: Addi- trations, has just been added to the “ Temple Classics son's “Roger de Coverley Papers,” edited by Miss for Young People.” Laura Johnson Wylie, and published by the Globe Longfellow's “Evangeline," edited by Dr. Lewis B. School Book Co.; selections from Tennyson's “ Idylls Semple, is the latest number in the Macmillan Com- of the King,” edited by Miss Mary F. Willard, and pany's “ Pocket English Classics.” published by the American Book Co.; and Hawthorne's A new volume by Mr. Edward Dowden, entitled “The Gentle Boy and Other Tales,” published in the “ Riverside Literature Series " by Messrs. Houghton, “Puritan and Anglican,” will be published this month Mifflin & Co. by Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. « The Structure of the English Sentence," by Miss Lillian G. Kimball, is a recent publication of the American Book Co. It is prepared for use in high LIST OF NEW BOOKS. and normal schools. [The following list, containing 66 titles, includes books Thomas Shelton's translation of “Don Quixote ” hills received by The DIAL since its last issue.] three volumes in the “Library of English Classics,” edited by Mr. A. W. Pollard, and published by the Mac- BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS. millan Co. The text of 1620 has been followed in this Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley. By his son, edition. Leonard Huxley. In 2 vols., illus. in photogravure, etc., 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. D. Appleton & Co. $5. net. Mr. John Lane is publishing a new edition of “The Life and Letters of Phillips Brooks. By Alexander V. Spanish Conquest in America,” by Sir Arthur Helps. G. Allen. In 2 vols., illus. in photogravure, etc., large Mr. M. Oppenheim officiates as editor, and the first of 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. E. P. Dutton & Co. $7.50. the four volumes of which the work consists has just Madame: A Life of Henrietta, Daughter of Charles I. and Duchess of Orleans. By Julia Cartwright (Mrs. Henry appeared. Ady). Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 406. E. P. Dutton “ Our Bird Friends," described as “ a book for all & Co. $3. boys and girls," the work of Mr. Richard Kearton, has Alfred Tennyson: A Saintly Life. By Robert F. Horton. just been published by Messrs. Cassell & Co. The text Illus. in photogravure, etc., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 323. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2. is well-written in popular style, and is abundantly and Emma Marshall: A Biographical Sketch. By Beatrice beautifully illustrated. Marshall. Illus., 8vo, uncut, pp. 342. E. P. Dutton & Ruskin's “Sesame and Lilies” and “The King of Co. $2. the Golden River,” supplied with an exceptionally good Life of Mrs. Booth, the Founder of the Salvation Army. By W. T. Stead. With portrait, 12mo, pp. 256. F. H. Revell editorial apparatus by Mr. Herbert Bates, is issued by Co. $1.25. the Macmillan Co. in their “ Pocket Series of English The Life of Thomas J. Sawyer, S.T.D., LL.D., and of Classics” for school use. Caroline M. Sawyer. By Richard Eddy, S.T.D. Illus. 8vo, gilt top, pp. 458. Universalist Publishing House. A second series of “Voyages of the Elizabethan $2. Seamen to America,” edited from Hakluyt by Mr. Ed Ulysses S. Grant. By Owen Wister. With portrait, 24mo, ward John Payne, and including the narratives of Gil- gilt top, uncut, pp. 145. “ Beacon Biographies." Small, Maynard & Co. 75 cts. bert, Amadas and Barlow, Cavendish, and Raleigh, has Thomas Jefferson. By Thomas E. Watson. With portrait, just been published by Mr. Henry Frowde for the Oxford 24mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 150. "Beacon Biographies." Clarendon Press. Small, Maynard & Co. 75 cts. Mr. Herbert Spencer's “ First Principles," written Le Duc de Reicbstadt. Par Madame H. Castegnier et G. Castegnier. With portrait, 8vo, uncut, pp. 40. Wm. R. forty years ago, has been three times revised by the Jenkins. Paper, 50 cts. author, and in the edition now published by the Messrs. Appleton, the work. reappears in what will doubtless HISTORY. prove its definitive form. A fine portrait of Mr. Spencer The Fight with France for North America. By A. G. Bradley. With maps, large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 400. dignifies this volume. E. P. Dutton & Co. $5. The “ American Art Annual” for 1900–1901, pub The Last Years of the Nineteenth century. By Eliza- lished by Messrs. Noyes, Platt & Co., is the third issue beth Wormeley Latimer. With portraits, 8vo, pp. 545. of that useful work of reference. The matter has been A. C. MoClurg & Co. $2.50. The Men Who Made the Nation: An Outline of United brought down to date by the editor, Miss Florence N. States History from 1760 to 1865. By Edwin Erle Sparks, Levy, and several new features may be found in the Ph.D. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 415. Macmillan contents of the volume. Co. $2. The Germans in Colonial Times. By Lucy Forney Bit- The "Lyrics" of the late J. Houston Mifflin, rescued tinger. 12mo, pp. 314. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50. from oblivion by a friendly hand, have been repub- lished, with a portrait, by Messrs. Henry T. Coates & GENERAL LITERATURE. Co. The original edition, never strictly published, was Miscellanies. By Edward FitzGerald. 18mo, uncut, pp. 207. “Golden Treasury Series." Macmillan Co. $1. dated Philadelphia, 1835. The author died only some A Treasury of Canadian Verse. With brief Biographical ten years ago, but wrote no verse during the last half- Notes. Selected and edited by Theodore H. Rand, D.C.L. century of his life. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 412. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2. 52 (Jan. 16, THE DIAL A Short History of French Literature. By L. E. Kast- ner, B.A., and H. G. Atkins, M.A. 12mo, pp. 312. Henry Holt & Co. $1.25 net. The World's Orators, University edition. Now volumes : Vol. VII., Orators of England, Part II., edited by Guy Carleton Lee, Ph.D.; Vol. VIII., Orators of America, Part I., edited by Guy Carleton Lee, Ph.D., and Franklin L. Riley, Ph.D. Each with photogravure portraits, large 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. G. P. Putnam's Sons. Per vol., $3.50. Anthology of French Poetry, 10th to 19th Centuries. Col- lected and translated by Henry Carrington, M.A. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 301. Oxford University Press. 750. net. The Treasury of American Sacred Song. With Notes, explanatory and biographical. Selected and edited by W. Garrett Horder. Revised and enlarged edition ; 12mo, gilt top, unout, pp. 401. Oxford University Press. The Book Hunter. By John Hill Burton, D.C.L. New edition ; 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 427. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.25. On Southern Poetry Prior to 1860: A Dissertation. By Sidney Ernest Bradshaw. 12mo, pp. 162. Published by the author. The Rigveda. By E. Vernon Arnold. 18mo, pp. 56. “Pop- ular Studies in Mythology, etc." London : David Nutt. Paper. NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE. Poems and Fancies. By Edward Everett Hale. Library edition; with portrait, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 380. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.50. Shakespeare's King Henry V.: The Richard Mansfield Acting Version. Illus., 8vo, uncut, pp. 124. MeClure, Phillips & Co. Paper, 50 cts. net. Lark Classics. New volumes : Swinburne's Laus Veneris and Other Poems, and Shakespeare's Sonnets. Each 24mo, uncut. New York : Doxey's. Per vol., 50 cts. POETRY AND VERSE. Herod: A Tragedy. By Stephen Phillips. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 126. John Lane. $1.50. The Poems of Philip Henry Savage. Edited, with Intro- duction, by Daniel Gregory Mason. With portrait, 12mo, uncut, pp. 170. Small, Maynard & Co. $1.25. Christus Victor: A Student's Reverie. By Henry Nebe- miah Dodge. Second edition; 18mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 186. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25. Ballad of the Unsuccessful. By Richard Burton. 12mo. Small, Maynard & Co. Paper, 35 cts. FICTION. The Dogs of War: A Romance of the Great Civil War. By Edgar Pickering: Illus., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 343, Frederick Warne & Co. $1.50. In White and Black. By W. W. Pinson. 12mo, pp. 357. Macon, Georgia: J. W. Burke Co. $1.25. The Lapidaries, and Aunt Deborah Hears "The Messiah." By Mrs. Elizabeth Cheney. 12mo, pp. 30. Eaton & Mains. 30 ots. RELIGION. A Book of Common Worship. Pr