epared under the Di-
rection of the New York State Conference of Religion by
a Committee on the Possibilities of Common Worship.
16mo, pp. 418, G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25.
Helps for the Quiet Hour: Prayers, Collects, Verses, col-
lated from Many Sources. By Rev. Jesse Bowman Young,
D.D. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 167. Eaton & Mains. $1.
SCIENCE AND NATURE.
Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution for the
Year Ending June 30, 1898. Illus., large 8vo, pp. 713.
Government Printing Office.
Outlines of Human Physiology. By F. Schenck, M.D.,
and A. Gürber, M.D.; authorized translation from the
second German edition by Wm. D. Zoethout, Ph.D.; with
Preface by Jacques Loeb, Ph.D. Large 8vo, pp. 339.
Henry Holt & Co. $1.75 net.
A Year Book of Kentucky Woods and Fields. Written
and illus. by Ingram Crockett. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 112.
Buffalo : Charles Wells Moulton.
ART.
American Art Annual, 1900–1901. Edited by Florence N.
Levy. Illus., large 8vo, pp. 418. Boston : Noyes, Platt
& Co. $3.
Overheard in the Wittington Family: Drawings by
C. Allen Gilbert. Folio. New York: Life Publishing
Co. $3.
Modern Pen Drawings: European and American. Edited
by Charles Holme. Illus., large 4to, uncut, pp. 216. John
Lane. Paper, $1.75 net.
Art, and How to Study It: A Manual for Teachers and
Students. By J. W. Topham Vinall, A.R.C.A. With
frontispiece, 12mo, pp. 168. Frederick Warne & Co.
$1.
BOOKS OF REFERENCE.
The Daily News Almanac and Political Register for 1901,
Compiled by George E. Plumbe, A.B. 12mo, pp. 448.
Chicago Daily News Co. 50 cts.
Moore's Meteorological Almanac and Weather Guide for
1901. By Willis L. Moore, LL.D. Illus., 12mo, pp. 150.
Rand, McNally & Co. 50 cts.
A List of Books on Mercantile Marine Subsidies. By
A. P. C. Griffin. Large 8vo, pp. 43. Government Print-
ing Office. Paper.
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
City Boys in the Country; or, Weston and Howard at
Bedford. By Clinton Osgood Burling. Illus., 12mo, un-
cut, pp. 229. Abbey Press. $1.
The Stories of My Four Friends. By Jane Andrews;
edited by Margaret Andrews Allen. Illus., 16mo, pp. 100.
Ginn & Co. 45 cts. net.
Letters of Credit: An Alphabet of Finance. By Prescott
Bailey Bull; with pictures by Eleanor Withey Willard.
Oblong 8vo, pp. 55. Michigan Trust Co. Paper.
EDUCATION.- BOOKS FOR SCHOOL AND
COLLEGE.
Addresses and Proceedings of the National Educational
Association at the 39th Annual Meeting, Charleston, S. C.,
July, 1900. Large 8vo, pp. 809. Published by the Asso-
ciation.
The Teaching of Mathematics in the Higher Schools of
Prussia. By J. W. A. Young, Ph.D. 12mo, pp. 141.
Longmans, Green, & Co. 80 cts. net.
A Shorter Course in Munson Phonography. By James
E. Mungon. 16mo, pp. 236. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1.25.
Elements of Astronomy. By Simon Newcomb, Ph.D.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 240. American Book Co. $1. net.
A New Greek Method. By William James Seelye. 12mo,
pp. 155. Wooster, Ohio: Herald Printing Co. 750.
The Structure of the English Sentence. By Lilian G.
Kimball. 12mo, pp. 244. American Book Co. 75 cts. net.
Nicomede: Tragédie. Par Pierre Corneille, 1651; edited
and annotated by James A. Harrison. 16mo, pp. 153.
Macmillan Co. 60 cts. net.
Selections from the Bible. For use in schools. Arranged
by John G. Wight, Ph.D. 16mo, pp. 293. American
Book Co. 40 cts. net.
The Thought Reader. By Maud Summers. Book I., illus.,
12mo, pp. 114. Gina & Co. 35 cts. net.
Ruskin's Sesame and Lilies, and The King of the Golden
River. Edited by Herbert Bates. With portrait, 24mo,
pp. 230. Macmillan Co. 25 cts. net.
New Practical Speller. By James H. Penniman. 12mo,
pp. 154. D. C. Heath & Co. 20 cts. net.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Eton. By A. Clutton-Brock, B.A. Illus., 12mo, gilt top,
“Great Public Schools." Macmillan Co.
$1.50.
Sanity of Mind: A Study of its Conditions, and of the
Means to its Development and Preservation. By David F.
Lincoln, M.D. 12mo, pp. 177. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1.25.
The Etiquette of Correspondence. By Helen E. Gavitt.
Illus., 12mo, uncut, pp. 214. A. Wessels Co. $1.25.
Instruction for Chinese Women and Girls: The Chinese
Book of Etiquette and Conduct. By Lady Tsao; trans.
by Mrs. S. L. Baldwin. Illus., 12mo, gilt edges. Eaton
& Mains. 75 cts.
The Republic of America. By Rev. L. B. Hartman, A.M.
With portrait, 12mo, uncut, pp. 116. Abbey Press. Paper,
25 cts.
Report of the Street Railway Commission to the City
Council of the City of Chicago. 8vo, pp. 136. Published
by the city. Paper.
pp. 243,


THE DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAOB
.
No. 351. FEB. 1, 1901. Vol. XXX.
OUR PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
CONTENTS.
An interesting article contributed by Mr.
Herbert Putnam to the January " International
OUR PUBLIC LIBRARIES
65 Monthly” sums up
the
progress
of recent years
A LOOK AT THE HISTORICAL NOVEL. Alfred in American library development. The public
Sumner Bradford . .
library in the United States has become so
COMMUNICATIONS
68 | important a part of our educational ma-
Some Neglected Material in Anti-Slavery Literature. chinery and so influential a factor in our
Alfred Mathews.
intellectual life that the principal facts con-
A Distressing Misquotation. S.
cerning its development should be in the pos-
A MODERN STOIC. Percy Favor Bicknell .
68
session of every intelligent person, and it is
HOMER IN THE VULGAR TONGUE. William
desirable that they should be summed up
from
Cranston Lawton
70
time to time by some writer of Mr. Putnam's
A POETIC DRAMA. Edward E. Hale, Jr.
experience and authority. As librarian of
SOME RECENT BOOKS OF TRAVEL. Hiram M.
our great national collection of books he is
Stanley
73 officially at the head of his profession in the
James's In and around the Grand Canyon. Curtis's
Between the Andes and the Ocean. - Miss Humph-
United States, and those who know anything
rey's A Summer Journey to Brazil. - Browne's The of his real and his equipment do not need to
Paradise of the Pacific. - Browne's The Pearl of the
be told that the profession could not well have
Orient. — Miss Bates's Spanish Highways and By-
ways. Wilkin's Among the Berbers. - Heathcote's
a wortbier leader.
St. Kilda. - Miss Collbran's An American Girl's Trip
The very use of this word “profession”
to the Orient. - Mrs. Dodd's Falaise. — Forbidden
Paths in the Land of Og.
suggests what is probably the most striking
WAR AND POLITICS IN SOUTH AFRICA. Wal-
fact of all in the history of the American
library movement. Twenty-five years ago,
lace Rice .
76
Desmolin's Boers or English. – The British Case people thought of a librarian as a custodian of
against the Boer Republics. — Cecil's On the Eve of books, usually a helpless sort of person as far
the War. – Miss Markham's South Africa. — Mus-
grave's In South Africa with Buller. - Atkins's The
as practical affairs were concerned, and not
Relief of Ladysmith.-Ashe's Besieged by the Boers. infrequently a crusty one. To speak of his
- Churchill's London to Ladysmith via Pretoria. - occupation as a profession was to use strange
Churchill's Ian Hamilton's March.-Hillegas' The
Boers in War. – Davis's With Both Armies in South
language, and to make one look askance at the
Africa. -Wilkinson's Lessons of the War. – Doyle's speaker. And indeed, there were then few
The Great Boer War. — Arnold-Forster's The War
professional librarians to be found. But the
Office, the Army, and the Empire. - Scoble and
Abercrombie's The Rise and Fall of Krugerism. —
pioneer work which was being done by Poole
Farrelly's The Settlement after the War in South and Winsor, together with a few of their con-
Africa.
temporaries, has since then borne rich fruit,
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
78 and librarianship is now a professional calling
O'Connell, the Irish Liberator. — Talk about Art
in as exact and distinct a sense as is the occu-
and Life.-A commendable compendium on memory.
- The Monitor as an epoch-maker. - The story of pation of the lawyer or the physician. It has
old “Ironsides." — The life and character of Oliver its professional schools and associations, its
Cromwell. — The Forward Policy in India. - The
Germans in Colonial Times. - A study of Greek
professional ideals and ethical principles, just
terracotta statuettes. - A missionary-statesman of
as the bar' and the pulpit have them, and may
young Japan. - The life of an English anti-slavery
be taken up as a life vocation with the same
agitator. — Pleasant essays on familiar themes.
Ten women of Colonial times.
certainty that opportunity for its exercise will
BRIEFER MENTION.
be found, and that success will be the reward
82
of exceptional ability.
NOTES
83
This settlement of the librarian's status has
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
84 been made, as we have already mentioned,
LIST OF NEW BOOKS .
84 | during the last quarter of a century. A good
.
.
.


66
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
many other things of importance to the pro bear upon every form of intellectual need and
fession have also been done during the same craving, are provided quite as generously as
period, such, for example, as the establishment are the books themselves. Every library, for
and maintenance of “ The Library Journal,” example, soon reaches a point at which a few
the formation of the American Library Asso- thousand dollars may far more judiciously be
ciation, and the adoption of enlightened library expended upon the preparation of an expert
legislation by a large number of the States. catalogue than upon any additions, however
The decade of the seventies witnessed the be- urgently demanded, to its stores. It is dif-
ginnings of all three of these movements, for, ficult for a layman to see this, but to the in-
although there were library laws before that itiated, it becomes a proposition so obvious as
time, the Illinois statute of 1872 set a new to need no demonstration.
pace, and placed the public library upon a more The public library of the twentieth century
substantial foundation than had before sup is not going to abandon any of the methods,
ported it. When we speak of the advance in worked out in so painstaking a fashion, by
library economy and administration, and of the which our public collections of books have been
methods by which libraries have increased their made second in educational importance to the
helpfulness for all classes of users, we are at a public schools alone. They will all be devel-
loss to know where to begin in the enumeration oped still further in the direction of helpfulness,
of things done. A rough list will include of the bridging over of difficulties, and of the
State commissions, travelling libraries, open
stimulation of an interest in reading among
shelves, popular lectures, children's depart all classes. To them still other methods will
ments, delivery stations, the extension of service be added from time to time, even at the cost
into the schools, annotated lists for readers, of still further lessening the funds with which
and coöperative methods of cataloguing. To
To books are bought, for the purpose of a library
the outsider, these terms mean little that is is not to preserve books, but to circulate them.
definite, but to the close observer of recent And approval of the methods of modern pro-
library activities, each of them connotes an fessional librarianship will continue to be evi-
agency of approved educational value, and a denced, as in the past, and in a constantly
development to which a volume might easily growing ratio, by increased public support and
be devoted.
by the still greater multiplication of generous
One result of all this multiplication of ac private foundations. Our country leads the
tivities is, however, sure to impress the most world in the use that it makes of public libra-
casual observer, and is equally sure of being ries, and it is going to maintain the leadership
misunderstood. In the old days, the funds of already won by every means that are now de-
a library were largely devoted to the purchase vised, or may hereafter be devised. We have
of books ; in our own times, the purchase of no intention of going into prophesy at this
books seems to bave become a matter of minor time, but we will venture one prediction, to
importance. It is rather startling to learn that the effect that the next marked development
the Boston Public Library, for every dollar of of library activity will be found in the schools,
its income that goes into books, spends ten and that books will be brought to bear upon
dollars in other ways, yet such is about the the studies of young people to an extent, and
proportion that must be exhibited by the bud. with beneficial results, of which few educators
get of any institution of the size of one of our now dream. When the use of books comes to
great city libraries. Nor will one thoroughly have as important a part in the work of the
conversant with the services performed through historical and literary group of studies as the
the agency of a modern library building, and use of the microscope and the balance now has
by the labors of its trained staff, find it pos- in the scientific group of studies - when in
sible to deny that the ten dollars are as wisely every school the library shall be as well pro-
and usefully expended as the one. The scholar vided as the laboratory now is — then the next
may object, but public libraries are not for important step in education will bave been
the benefit of the scholar alone, and the class made, and men will wonder why it should have
to which he belongs, at any rate, gets as large been left for the twentieth century to make.
a share of their benefits as any other class. We content ourselves here with this general
Indeed, no collection of books can be of much statement, reserving a more detailed and spe-
value to the community as a whole, unless the cific treatment of the subject for some future
means for exploiting it, and for bringing it to occasion.


1901.]
67
THE DIAL
A LOOK AT THE HISTORICAL NOVEL.
tainly do stand in the foreground of literature.
The Three Musketeers" is a model in its way,
Amending a familiar thought, a novel is a picture but the ground on which the heroes stand we feel
of life seen through the prism of an author's mind. to be a little uncertain ; a glowing, shifting haze
When the picture seems to us clear and true, we hangs over and between us and “the immortal
recognize its technical excellence; and if in addi three who were four.” Still, it would take greater
tion it has the interest that attaches to a truthful faults than these to displace so good a story. The
transcript of action, passion, character, and thought, other, “ Henry Esmond,” of all the acknowledged
we call the picture a great one.
standards, should probably be placed first, for it has
Amid the discussions which centre around the his almost every element which goes to the making of
torical novel, it appears strange that no more effort the ideal historical novel. Of course, Thackeray
has been made to differentiate it from the others. shrinks from a full portrayal; but the real life is
It seems taken for granted that an historical novel 80 suggested where it cannot be told, the action and
is — an historical novel; but the varying treatment plot are so interesting, the characters are so clear-
of the theme shows the widely differing ideas which cut, the men and events treated are so important
exist on the subject. A distinction would be useful, to the period, that the novel is practically above
and should not be exceedingly hard to make. Any criticism, and to many it has seemed above success-
novel is certainly in one sense historical, but by ful rivalry.
carrying out logically the common and somewhat But in the universe of letters a new planet has
hazy idea we can arrive at a definition that carries swum into the ken of recent observers. We have
with it the necessary distinction. Should we not now a writer who perhaps more fully than any
consider the true historical novel as one which has other has met the requirements of a literary mas.
to do with people seeming to have had a part in terpiece, and that man is the Polish author, Sien-
the greater events, the larger forces, that make kiewicz. He who has not yet made the acquaintance
history?
of the trilogy, “With Fire and Sword,” “The
To illustrate the distinction carried in this def. Deluge,” and “Pan Michael,” has before him the
inition, look at “Cranford ” and “Hugh Wynne.” pleasure of reading works almost unique, that carry
Probably the former is a more truthful, as it cer out nearly to perfection the idea of a great historical
tainly is a more convincing, picture of bygone days novel — putting before us, in a light as vivid as our
than the latter ; but one would not think of classing latter day ideas will permit us to enjoy, the life of
them together.
the past. These stories oft-times lack delicacy of
Of the novels of history accessible to English touch and finish ; they have incidents that seem
readers there are few indeed which can be placed needlessly brutal and reach the limits of our in-
in the front rank; for many a work which would dulgence; they treat of life and character so alien
reach this place is barred by a lack of one or more that at first thought they seem unreal. Yet we soon
of the essential characteristics, among which are know that we are seeing life as men lived it, that
good workmanship, a convincing portrayal of life, the author is a creator of people who live and move
a life in the main current of events. The fatal and have being. We find characters drawn with
defect, and the most common, is the absence of an unerring hand; we come to understand that a
that spirit which would give us the innate motif of master of masters is putting before us the rush and
the time. Take for an example “Ivanhoe,” on sweep of great events, the elemental passions, all
of the most celebrated novels in the language. The the vital constituents of the life of the time of
story is most interesting, the picture is clear, it has which he treats.
the interest that attaches to well-drawn action and We have some new friends when we have finished
character; but its people are moderns, living par these stories. There is that “combination of
tially the mediæval life; we get from the book Ulysses and Falstaff,” Zagloba, with his unfailing
hardly the slightest inkling of the basic brutishness resource and wit, with the most human and laugh-
and savagery of the time. That chivalry which able and lovable admixture of courage and cow-
was only a fall of lace on the dirty clothing of ardice, of selfishness and generosity, a character
society is transformed by the touch of the wizard's destined to live among the few immortal creations
pen into the fabric itself. The fault is characteristic of fiction. There is that whole company of noble-
both of Scott and of the great school which has men, imbued with the strangest compound of religion
followed in his footsteps, though all will admit that and savagery, of singlemindedness and subtlety,
we owe to this school some splendid stories. Kings men of a race whose spirit is in many ways repel.
ley's best works, “ Hypatia,” “ Westward-Ho,” and
“Westward-Ho,” and lant to us, yet which compels our admiration and
“ Hereward,” have this same lack; but it seems respect, for it formed the bulwark between Europe
certain that had Kingsley not been so hampered and the powers of darkness.
by his profession and his public, his work would There is hardly an indistinct character amid
stand in the foreground, for he had in bim much them all, nor among those charming women whom
of the artistic essence, and red blood runs in the they loved and whom we love. Above all, there is
veins of his people.
Pan Michael, whose fortunes we follow through the
Consider for a moment two novels which cer trilogy — the little man who never met his match


68
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
DIAL
book, nor any date whatsoever, - but the fact is incon-
testible, and as such of course deserving of a place in
the literary history of the country. That it has none
in the work of Professor Wendell, taken in conjunction
with numerous other important omissions, may seem to
some an indication of inconsiderate haste on his part,
and to a certain extent to detract from the dignity of
history, titularly claimed for his work.
ALFRED MATHEWS.
Philadelphia, January 23, 1901.
with the sword (and that not from lack of trying);
the faithful friend, the devoted lover of his king,
his country, and woman. Here is a man whom we
love as we do D'Artagnan and for the same reason,
which is that our hearts go out to him who is not
too far removed from earth, a man who boldly and
fearlessly works out his fate. We have a sense
of something lacking in a hero like Henry Esmond.
Who of us does not feel some sympathy with
Beatrix when she tells him he would have gotten
along better with her had he not been on his knees
to her so much.
Sienkiewicz's later and more popular “ Quo
Vadis” is far inferior as a novel to any one of the
trilogy, though one must recognize the power of
the descriptions, the strength of the characters -
especially that of Petronius — and the realism of
the whole, this last being the crucial test. The
novel in which Sienkiewicz has last been presented
to English readers, “ The Knights of the Cross," is
hardly up to the standard of his best, though strong
and fine in every way.
The impression made by Sienkiewicz is best
characterized by saying that after almost any
other
novelist one feels that he has been looking at a pic-
ture, or at best at a “moving picture.” After
Sienkiewicz one feels that he has looked on life.
ALFRED SUMNER BRADFORD.
A DISTRESSING MISQUOTATION.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
It is probable that the Anthology of Mr. Stedman
will be regarded by the judicious as proof of the pop-
erty of our American poetic lore rather than as con:
vincing evidence of our riches. It will be generally
conceded, however, that Edgar Allen Poe was a real
poet; only his contributions are so small. But one of
his most characteristic and attractive gems is marred
in Mr. Stedman's book by one of the most diabolical
blunders of misquotation in all the annals of printing;
and this will be copied no doubt unwittingly many
times. I refer to the lines “ To One in Paradise”:
“And all my days are trances,
And all my nightly dreams
Are where thy dark eye glances
And where thy footstep gleams —
In what ethereal dances,
By what eternal streams."
Instead of “dark eye” Mr. Stedman has “gray eye'
e"!
“Gray eye glances”! That distressing alliteration
would have ruined the fame of Milton.
S.
Little Rock, Ark., January 22, 1901.
COMMUNICATIONS.
Books.
SOME NEGLECTED MATERIAL IN ANTI-SLAVERY
The New
LITERATURE.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
Professor Barrett Wendell, in his “Literary History
A MODERN STOIC.*
of America," seems to have neglected certain obvious
opportunities in dealing with the literary history of the The story is told of the third Earl of Shaftes-
Anti-Slavery agitation. There died in Obio as far back bury that, rising to make his maiden speech in
as 1833, Charles B. Storrs, President of Western Re Parliament on the bill allowing counsel to a
serve College, who was the real pioneer of the remark-
able Anti-Slavery or Abolition movement in that part
prisoner accused of treason, he became so em-
of the country, which soon involved Giddings and
barrassed and confused as to break down alto-
Wade. et
Wendell, who devotes much gether; but being encouraged by the House to
space not simply to Anti-Slavery literature, but to
go on, he made a great impression by the in-
the Anti-Slavery agitation in general, has not a word
for Storrs, whose services for the cause in the West
genuous remark: “If I, sir, who rise only to
were fully recognized by the New England workers
speak my opinion on the bill now depending,
for that same cause, as is shown by Whittier's beautiful am so confounded that I am unable to express
elegy. This brings me to the Harvard professor's the least of what I proposed to say, what must
omission of a literary landmark which is unexplainable,
the condition of that man be who is pleading
as it was not a Western but a distinctly New England
landmark. The author dwells at length and most in-
for bis life without any assistance and under
terestingly on Mrs. Stowe's epoch-marking “Uncle apprehension of being deprived of it?” This
Tom's Cabin,” but he makes not the slightest allusion happy turn pleased his listeners extremely, and
to the initial literary work of the propaganda. In 1833, was thought to have done more toward passing
the same year when Storrs, the pioneer of Abolition in
Ohio, died, Mrs. Lydia Maria Child (nee Francis), a
the bill than any of the more solid arguments
native of Massachusetts, published “ An Appeal for
advanced in its support. The incident is char-
That Class of Americans Called Africans," which was * THE LIFE, UNPUBLISHED LETTERS, AND PHILOSOPH-
the first Anti-Slavery book published in America. It ICAL REGIMEN OF ANTHONY, EARL OF SHAFTESBURY. Ed-
may not be generally known as such, - for Allibone ited by Benjamin Rand, Ph.D. New York: The Macmillan
does not so state, nor does he give the exact title of the Company.


1901.]
69
THE DIAL
acteristic of the man, and stamps him as a how many volumes, how much labour, and what com-
worthy predecessor to the noble and philan-
piling in the study of other laws ? But in the law of
thropic seventh Earl of Shaftesbury, bis more
life how? They who seek not any such in life, nor
think that there is any rule, what are they better than
famous descendant.
vulgar?”
Dr. Rand's volume on the third Lord Shaftes.
It is to be regretted that the style of the
bury deals far less with the public life of the work is so largely that of the note-book, in
Earl than with that inward growth revealed by which occasional memoranda are jotted down
his philosophical writings and private corre with little regard to literary form. Nearly
spondence. Indeed, his delicate constitution
always labored and often bombastic in his ut-
prevented him from engaging actively in poli- terance, the author has repelled rather than
tics, although he seems to have made his mark
attracted readers. Even bis once famous
in Parliament, and was offered the secretary 66 Characteristics has long lain neglected.
ship of state by King William, whose trusted
Yet we should not forget that he was admired
adviser he continued to be for some years. He in his own century by such critics as Hurd and
died an early death in 1713, within a few Blair. That he should have had so little of
weeks of his forty-second birthday. His son's Addison's elegance, of Swift's perspicuity,
biography of him, first published in Bayle's simplicity, and strength, of Steele's ease and
“General Dictionary,” and now reprinted, with vivacity, — and all three of these were bis im-
some additions from the biographer's manu mediate contemporaries, - is somewhat sur-
scripts, in this volume, and Series V. of the
prising. But occasionally his manner is hardly
Shaftesbury Papers, preserved in the Record legs admirable than his matter, as when, treat-
Office, are the chief sources of our information
ing of the passions, he writes thus aptly and
regarding the Earl. Dr. Rand devotes nearly forcibly concerning “Joy”:
half of his portly volume to the Letters, rather
“ There is one sort of joy which is fierce, eager,
more than half to the “
Philosophical Regimen," boisterous, impetuous, restless, which carries with it a
and fourteen pages to the brief “Life," — all, sort of insatiableness, rage, madness, sting; and which
excepting the letters to Locke and the biog-
afterwards is followed by disgust and discontent. There
raphy, being published for the first time from
is another sort of joy wbich is soft, still, peaceable,
serene, which has no mixture or alloy; of which there
the Shaftesbury Papers.
is no excess, but the more it is felt, the more perfect
To the non-classical student the book may and refined it grows, the more content and satisfaction
seem to bristle formidably with Greek and it yields through the whole of life. To the first of these
Latin quotations, but a second glance will show
a thousand things are necessary, a thousand outward
and casual circumstances concurring, the least of which
that these are nearly all translated or para being removed, or ceasing, it also must cease. To the
phrased, so that his alarm is groundless. To second there is nothing necessary but what depends
the lover of the classics the volume will have upon
ourselves.”
a flavor of old-fashioned scholarship not un It adds much to the weight of Shaftesbury's
grateful in an age which sees the editor of a
counsels to know that he practised what he
leading English literary review gravely refer- preached, so far as we can learn from his con-
ring to the temple of Janus as closed in time temporaries; and thus his lumbering periods
of war, and an editorial writer in one of our make an impression where a Seneca's rhetorical
own most scholarly journals ascribing the flights of would-be stoicism fail to convince.
“Miles Gloriosus" to Terence. The disciple “ Perhaps no modern," writes Toland in his
of Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius will be glad introduction to the Shaftesbury letters, "ever
to give the “ Philosophical Regimen " a place turned the ancients more into sap and blood,
beside the “Enchiridion” and the “ Medita-
as they say, than he. Their doctrines he un.
tions.” The key.note of the work is struck in derstood as well as themselves, and their vir-
the essay on “ Improvement,” where, after re tues he practised better." “Just as Spinoza
ferring to the practice of making memoranda was “God-intoxicated,'” says the Earl's latest
for various less worthy uses, the author con editor, “so Shaftesbury was intoxicated with
tinues :
the idea of virtue.' He is the greatest Stoic
“Would one think of making any for Life? Would of modern times. Into his own life he wrought
one think that this were a business to improve in ? the stoical virtue for virtue's sake. This ex-
What if this should be the thing of all others chosen
out for a pocket-book and memorandums? But so it
alted purpose he sought to attain by means of
is. . . . Begin therefore and work upon this subject.
this Regimen. The Greek slave, the Ro-
Collect, digest, methodize, abstract. How many codes, man emperor, and the English nobleman must


70
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
abide the three great exponents of stoical phil The present reviewer believes firmly that
osophy.”
the poetic tone and spirit, and also the unit
Lord Shaftesbury's influence on the men of of the line or verse, are indispensable elements
his time was considerable. Voltaire calls him in every great poem.
in every great poem. Hence Longfellow's
the boldest of English philosophers - perhaps Dante, which attempts to preserve both, is a
questionable praise — and Diderot's Essai
and Diderot's - Essai better-directed effort than Mr. Norton's ver-
sur le Mérite et la Vertu ” is a free translation sion, which wholly abandons the metrical form.
of the Earl's 6 Inquiry concerning Virtue.” Voss's line-for-line German version of Iliad
He enjoyed the friendship of Locke, Pope, and Odyssey is almost ideal.
Lord Somers, Lord Halifax, and many others But the general voice of our generation
eminent either in literature or in public affairs. seems adverse to all this. The translation of
His reputation as a free-thinker hurt him in
Homer probably best-known in America is
some quarters, but his wholesome influence for still the dignified, musical, rather slow work
liberality of thought and freedom of inquiry of the poet Bryant's old age. To the eye
his
could not have been other than widespread. rendering is “ blank verse," and the ten-syllable
The letters, with which the volume closes, line is quite too short to express the average
though they have not the charm of the great contents of an Homeric hexameter. For the
letter-writers, are yet interesting reading. ear this verse has no well-defined close, and is
Their formality and stately courtesy — even indeed often plain prose. Furthermore, the
his own mother he always addresses as your most notable recent renderings have been
ladyship ”—are characteristic of the period, avowedly prosaic. Mr. Lang and his partners
but a little chilling to the reader, and a little still retained an archaic flavor, and somewhat
tiresome.
elevated diction. Mr. Palmer descended to the
A book, Dr. Johnson declares, should help simplest and most direct forms of contemporary
us to enjoy life or to endure it. This note- English. Mr. Samuel Butler has taken a
worthy contribution to the literature of stoicism much longer stride down the same slope. He
is well fitted for the latter purpose, nor, we has deliberately emptied each phrase of all
believe, will its perusal entirely fail of accom noble allusiveness or charm, and gives us the
plishing the former.
blunt fact in vulgar colloquial words. We do
PERCY FAVOR BICKNELL.
not think he would himself quarrel with this
statement.
A typical instance is Odyssey, Book V., vss.
HOMER IN THE VULGAR TONGUE.*
154–5, with its inimitable antithesis. Bryant
indicates the contrast poetically, though he
The adequate translation of Homer is doubt-
does not attempt the artistic repetition of the
less the most imperative task set, for the clas-
last word:
sical scholar, in the interests of general culture.
“Night after night
Very few men can ever have, and even fewer He slept constrained within the hollow cave,
can retain, an accurate knowledge of the
The unwilling by the fond.”
Greek poem.
Indeed the specialist himself Butcher and Lang rise to the occasion, and
reaches only one certainty: that he does not expanding slightly give us : “Howsoever by
possess, and can never restore, the original night he would sleep by her, as needs he must,
text. The Homeric vocabulary is very large, in the hollow caves, unwilling lover by a will-
and the meanings of many words are merely ing lady.” Mr. Palmer has a similar render-
surmised, or are still fought over. Yet in the ing. Mr. Butler offers us : " He had
“ He had got tired
history of poetry, in mythology, even in socio of Calypso, and though he was forced to sleep
logical and ethnological studies, the Iliad and with her in the cave by night, it was she, not
Odyssey must always be of peculiar and unique he, would have it so.” Words like “hurry-
importance. They are the first chapters in the skurrying,” phrases like “ There is no account-
history of European culture. We should have ing for luck,” were never meant to suggest
an interpretation, and a comment, by a syndi- poetry. The clearest note, perhaps, is struck
cate of scholars, which would have for the at II. 20, where Antiphos, a companion of
layman such authority as the Revised Version Odysseus, is mentioned. “ The savage Cyclops
now enjoys.
killed him in the cave, and on him made a
THE ODYSSEY. Rendered into English Prose by Samuel
supper last of all,” says Mr. Palmer. There
Butler. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co.
may be a bit of tragic irony here, in that poor


1901.]
71
THE DIAL
Antiphos just failed to escape with the rest of
A POETIC DRAMA.*
the crew.
Mr. Butler actually makes it read
that the Cyclops “ cooked his (Antiphos') last
Critics are very apt to object strongly to
meal for him," and comments thus: “So we
what they call “closet plays." They some-
vulgarly say had cooked his goose' or · had
times call them 66 literary dramas,” but that
settled his hash.'” If this is the mature result name is not a very good one, for it seems to
of literal prose translation, let us by all means
deny the literary element in many dramas
“hurry-skurry” back to Pope, with his deftly which are meant for the stage and very well
managed clattering pair of stilts !
suited to it. By whatever name called, how-
It is fair to say that this well-printed version
ever, the theatrical critic looks askance on the
seems based on competent study of Greek, is drama written by a man who writes because
as a rule carefully and faithfully done, and in
he wants to, even though he sees no particular
the notes the translator shows personal famil-
chance of having his play presented. A recent
iarity with Mediterranean lands. The discussion
writer deplores the literary drama” and the
of passages borrowed more or less awkwardly fascination it had for the great English poets
from the Iliad into the younger poem is often
of the nineteenth century: he says it has a para-
acute and stimulating, though it is startling to lysing effect, although it is not clear upon
hear this spoken of as a newly-discovered or
whom.
unworked vein of scholarship.
The critic, however, who is more apt to read
Mr. Butler announces this translation as a
plays than to see them, may well wonder at such
supplement to his “ The Authoress of the
a view. We have, for instance, among other
Odyssey,” published in 1897. This was an
books, “Ghost of Rosalys " by Mr. Charles
Leonard Moore. We should regret to regard
attempt to demonstrate that the Odyssey was
written by a girl, who lived at Trapani on the
it as something not worth doing, something of
west coast of Sicily, that all Odysseus' adven-
a paralysing effect. Indeed it was worth doing
tures really amounted to a mere circumnaviga- doubtless, are really very bad: when the poet
and it has no such effect. Some closet plays,
tion of that island:--and that the authoress
has put in Nausicaa as a flattering portrait
divorces himself from all possibility of stage
of herself. He announces in the preface to
presentation, he perhaps feels a lack of restraint
the present volume that no serious criticism
that is demoralizing. But after all it can hardly
of these theses has reached him, and yet be
be a certainty with any play that it will not be
by no means thinks that “scholars generally
scholars generally presented. “Faust” has been presented many
acquiesce in ” his conclusions. Both these
times; the second part as well as the first.
latter statements are doubtless true, and will
“ Manfred ” has been often presented, and that
probably remain no less so. Even the inventor
very effectively.
“ Brand” has been given a
himself, at least in this book, keeps up the dis-
number of times. Almost anything can be
cussion in a rather bantering spirit, calling at presented if there are people who wish to pre-
tention to feminine inconsistency, girlish shy-
sent it. It is true that when presented, it may
not be successful, for there may not be anyone
ness and ignorance, etc., in the Odyssean
that wants to see it. But then, such is the
passages which seem to make for his novel
and air-spun theory.
case with some plays written expressly for the
Facing p. 72 are two photographic views of stage,
S. Cusumano's salt-works, a sort of dyke on
There is really no very strict criterion of a
closet play. The only condition (and a simple
the flat Sicilian shore. The former tidal inlet,
one it is) is that the writer shall have before
now silted up, is, it seems, the original for the
him the absolute impossibility of stage presen-
beautiful river into which Ulysses swam, to
land safely on the Scherian shore. But the
tation. Such was the case, probably, with
Shelley in writing “Prometheus Unbound”;
same place was introduced, it further appears,
in three other sets of passages in the Odyssey, possibly with Swinburne in “ Atalanta in
as (1) the harbor of Rheithron in Ithaca, (2) Calydon.” But the greater number of what
the place where Ulysses landed in Ithaca, (3)
are generally thought of as literary dramas
the place where Telemachus landed in Ithaca.
are plays that one can imagine on the stage.
All these shrivel to a little muddy silted-up indeed, we have done so with pleasure.
We can imagine Mr. Moore's play on the stage:
The
Sicilian tideway: ex uno disce omnia.
*Ghost OF ROSALYS: A Play. By Charles Leonard
WILLIAM CRANSTON LAWTON.
Moore. Philadelphia: Printed for the Author.


72
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
fact that an audience of our day might not form allows one to hold the attention close to
much care to see it, if it were presented, has the development of the idea without the dis-
little to do with the matter. An audience of traction of description or comment. It has its
our day would not care for many of Shake drawbacks in return for these advantages, but
speare's plays, nor did the audience for which used with proper regard for its proper charac-
Shakespeare's plays were originally written teristics the drama is undoubtedly a powerful
care for them more than they did for a good literary form as well as a valuable theatrical
many other plays now forgotten save by readers. attraction.
The test of a closet play cannot go much far This play of Mr. Moore's was presumably
ther than has been indicated : if the writer has not written for the stage, but it is not a play
had a general view to stage conditions, then it in which the author has neglected theoretical
is not a closet play that he writes, no matter possibilities. Whether it could be successfully
how literary it may be and no matter how little presented is neither here nor there ; it could be
“ stage technique” it may have. Stage tech- presented, undoubtedly, if there were enough
nique may be needful for a successful presen persons who wished to present it, and it would
tation, just as types and ink are needed to be successful if enough persons were found
make a book. But both are trivial matters,
But both are trivial matters, who wished to see it. And as this is about all
as is clear when we think how little stage that one could say of any play wbich had not
technique avails Massinger, Congreve, Robert- yet made its appearance on the stage, we may
son to-day, — just about as little and as much therefore neglect the question of presentation
as types and ink.
until the play is performed.
That a play is not written expressly for the Mr. Moore has written his play almost en-
stage, that it is not meant for immediate per tirely in verse, which is not a very common
formance, that it has not been presented any thing just now; in verse which though occa-
where, - these things, then, are not reasons sionally rough, is yet sustained with unflagging
why we may not have something very good. vitality and spirit, and which by its flowing
The fact of a successful stage presentation is movement and its adaptive character carries
nothing in favor of a play nowadays; it should, the reader along with it. He puts aside the
on the other hand, warn us against a play. If stillness of a uniform metre, and as one scene
we hear that a play has been successfully pre- changes to another we find the rhythm varying
sented, the chances are that it is a bad play. harmoniously with the thought. In some places
Cyrano de Bergerac succeeded, but so did he is less fortunate than in others, but on the
“ The Christian,” and more plays are like the whole the device is eminently successful. And
latter than like the former.
although the question of the stage be dismissed,
Hence, we may' read with pleasure — if we it may be allowable to point out, not so much
like poetry — several plays which have been that the stage of our day loses something by
of late published by American writers. Mr. practically excluding verse (Ibsen, Maeter-
Moody's Masque of Judgment,” Professor linck, D'Annunzio, Pinero, and, in the main,
Raymond's “The Aztec God,” Mrs. Fields's Hauptmann and Sudermann, on the one hand,
Orpheus,” Mr. Moore's play which we have and Rostand and Stephen Phillips on the
mentioned, — with these books we have a pos- other), as that the verse of a drama generally
sibility of finding something charming and at gains by declamation. Mr. Moore's verse may
tractive, that is lacking when we read Mr. be read aloud with pleasure (indeed, should
Fitch’s “ Barbara Frietchie" or Mr. Thomas's be), although here and there it is not so fer-
“ Arizona.” These latter plays have already vent as elsewhere.
charmed and attracted in the way for which It is a romantic drama. That might be
they were intended; as books they are like inferred from the adaptive rhythms and the
pressed flowers that have no sentimental asso rhymes. The clear definiteness of our English
ciations.
blank verse gives somewhat the effect of the
After all — aside from the possibility of a marble material of a statue, unless it be so much
closet play — why should a poet not put his broken up as to become merely pulsating prose.
ideas in dramatic form ? It is surely a con Romantic in form it is and also romantic in
venience, in that it enables him, if he wishes, general treatment, that is, its main idea is pre-
to present certain essential dramatic elements sented not definitely and simply, but with an
and to omit a great many other elements of exuberance of accessory figure and ornament
which he does not feel the need. The dramatic l that often rather veils the idea than presents


1901.)
73
THE DIAL
it. Still, the main figures are striking : Joyeux
SOME RECENT BOOKS OF TRAVEL.*
the imaginative, and his three coadjutors, the
scientist, the priest, the poet. These last are As in this age more people travel, and travel
not presented with a firm enough conception more often, and to more distant places, books
of character to vitalize them everywhere, but of travel must correspondingly increase. But
they serve what is perhaps their chief purpose, the more be-travelled our sphere the less be-
- to carry us to the end of the first and long comes the opportunity for a really new book
est act and give us the idea that is to be devel- dealing with the previously unknown and tell-
oped. The imagination has its ideal, which is ing of strange men and beasts. All the books
to be realized in love and at the point of reali in our present group treat of parts of the earth
zation vanishes away. Rosalys dies and Joyeux more or less familiar from the writings of pre-
is, for the time, led away by witch will o' the vious travellers; yet these books have all of
wisps. But in the last act he revives his old. them a certain raison d'être, - either in the
time love ; Rosalys rises for a brief half hour, personality of the writer, the timeliness of the
and when she again passes away he goes with subject, or the general utility of the whole
her.
work.
Presumably Mr. Moore had not definitely Mr. G. W. James's hand-book to that won-
in mind more than to create certain passionate derful region, “In and around the Grand
figures and to embody a poetic feeling. Im- Canyon,” comes largely under the last head.
plicit in such presentation is, however, an idea, “A canyon,” says the author,
or perhaps we should not call it more than a
“ Is not a deep, narrow, gloomy gorge, into which the
sentiment. Our attention is aroused and held sun fails to shine even at midday. It is, in reality, a
by the ideas that gather in our minds around series of canyons one within and below the other. Pic-
this figure of the imaginative man and his effort
ture one canyon, a thousand feet deep and ten or twelve
to give form to his imaginings, his strivings less in width and a thousand feet deeper than number
miles across; below this, another canyon, but two miles
with the impossible, his deception at the hands one; then still another, two thousand feet deeper and
of vulgar cheats. But whither does all tend ? four miles narrower, followed by yet another, deeper
Mr. Moore does not seem to have his problem still and more miles narrower, until the inner gorge of
clearly in mind. At least we find no real
granite is reached, through which the roaring river
flows, and you will have a better idea than ever before."
solution.
But no play should be judged as an allegory canyons are by Mr. James's own account nar-
This describes the Grand Canyon, but many
unless it be frankly conceived as such. This
play is not: it presents to us romantic figures,
row and gloomy. After a general description
which do something to arouse ideas in our
of the Colorado region and some historical
mind as all figures must.
But it is better chapters, Mr. James takes up the Grand Can-
merely to take the people as people and to lose
yon and its tributaries in detail. He regards
the Bridal Veil Falls in the Havasu as the
oneself in the story of emotion and exaltation,
and to be content with an adumbration here
“ Most exquisitely beautiful waterfall in the world.
and there of the wider meaning beyond. We
*IN AND AROUND THE GRAND CANYON. By George
do not, ourselves, fully appreciate the full pur-
Wharton James. Illustrated. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co.
BETWEEN THE ANDES AND THE OCEAN. By William
port of the third act. But the poetry of the Eleroy Curtis. Illustrated. Chicago: H. S. Stone & Co.
first act especially, and of the last, carried us A SUMMER JOURNEY TO BRAZIL. By Alice R. Humphrey.
well along over whatever did not make its
Illustrated. New York: Bonnell, Silver & Co.
THE PARADISE OF THE PACIFIC.. By G. Waldo Browne.
appeal.
Illustrated. Boston: Dana Estes & Co.
To write a play and in verse is rather a THE PEARL OF THE ORIENT. By G. Waldo Browne. Illus-
daring thing — although now there are a num.
trated. Boston: Dana Estes & Co.
SPANISH HIGHWAYS AND BYWAYS. By Katharine Lee
ber to keep one in countenance — but Mr.
Bates. Illustrated. New York: The Macmillan Co.
Moore has come well through all dangers with
AMONG THE BERBERS. By Anthony Wilkin. Illustrated.
his venture. EDWARD E. Hale, JR.
New York: Cassell & Co., Ltd.
St. Kilda. By Norman Heathcote. Illustrated. New
York : Longmans, Green, & Co.
AN AMERICAN GIRL'S TRIP TO THE ORIENT AND AROUND
MR. RICHARD MANSFIELD's acting version of “ King THE WORLD. By Christine Collbran. Illustrated. Chicago :
Henry V.,” as lately produced with marked success, is Rand, McNally & Co.
published in a most attractively-printed volume by FALAISE, THE TOWN OF THE CONQUEROR. By Anna
Messrs. McClure, Phillips & Co. An Introduction by Bowman Dodd. Illustrated. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co.
Mr. Mansfield, some notes on the heraldry of the play, FORBIDDEN PATHS IN THE LAND OF OG. Illustrated.
and two photogravure illustrations, are included. Chicago: Fleming H, Revell Co.


74
THE DIAL
[Feb. 1,
There is some historical matter in Mr. Curtis's and history of the islands, on the animals, on
There is nothing in the Yosemite that, for rich delicacy Bahia, Petropolis Sanctos, and Sao Paolo.
of beauty and rare combination of charms, can equal it. The author has some sharp criticism for the
On the left and right are towering cliffs, two thousand
U. S. consular service at Sanctos, and her
feet high, of red sandstone. At your feet is rich green
grass, and a delicate gauzy growth, as fine as asparagus chapter on this subject ends with this quota-
grass, which covers the ground with fairy-like lace and tion from a letter written by an American in
makes a carpet fit for a · Midsummer Night's Dream'
Sao Paolo, dated July 6, 1900:
dance. Above, just on the edge of the fall, are several
“What does our government mean by sending out
trees, rich with their new dress of spring leaves, with
an Italian Priest as Consul to Santos? If he were only
the red mountains and azure sky, as richly blue as that
of the Mediterranean. Now, with such a back-
a priest who had practically withdrawn from active
functions, it would not be so bad; but this one makes
ground, enjoy the fall — Wa-Hath-peek-ba-ha.”
it bis first duty to visit the newspapers and declare that
Mr. James gives some account of the Havasu he will not allow the duties of the consulate to interfere
pai Indians in the canyon district, and an in with his higher ecclesiastical functions, and as a proof
tensely interesting narrative is given of Mr.
of this, he left the duties of the office yesterday and
Bass's experiences in attempting to reach these
came up to say a thirtieth day Mass for the soul of a
Indians. The work is to be recommended to
person connected with the • Diario Popular,' and had it
advertised far and near.”
the general reader and to the tourist. The
As far as it goes the book is a useful and read-
quotations are extensive, and the illustrations
able sketch, and contains a number of appen-
are numerous and excellent.
dices of value.
Mr. W. E. Curtis has collected his South
Under the title “ The Paradise of the Pa-
American letters to the Chicago « Record"
cific" Mr. G. Waldo Browne gives us a short
into a volume which be entitles « Between the
Andes and the Ocean,” describing all the west general account of the Hawaiian Islands. The
ern countries from Panama to Patagonia. Mr.
volume includes a description of the islands, a
Curtis gives quite a full account of the Panama
résumé of their history, with special chapters
Canal.
on the religious history, and an account of the
" The advocates of the Panama canal lay great stress present status. The condition of the Japanese
upon the fact that it has a good harbor at either end,
and Chinese bave particular mention.
capable of receiving the largest ships, while the Nica “ The Japanese appear.to be the disturbing factor in
ragua canal has none, and the two that must be built the islands at present. There are many educated and
present serious engineering difficulties; that a good intelligent Japanese on the islands, who are prominent
railroad is now in operation along the entire route of in business and have thrifty homes, but the class most
the Panama canal, while one will have to be constructed largely drawn hither is ignorant, impetuous, and bard
in Nicaragua; that the supreme difficulties of the Pan to control. If industrious they are ambitious, and, see-
ama route have already been developed and overcome, ing better than the Chinese the real inwardness of their
while those of the Nicaragua route are unknown; that situation, are dissatisfied with it, waiting, watching for
nothing of an experimental character is proposed on the the opportunity to strike a blow at the power which at-
Panama canal, while several projects in the Nicaragua tempts to hold them in check. There is too much of
scheme involve elements of novelty that are without
the Yankee about them to be held long in surveillance,
precedent; that the length of the Panama canal is only and, with their high percentage of population, what the
forty-six miles, while that of Nicaragua is four times as outcome is to be is hard to forecast, though probably
great; that there are no volcanos on the isthmus, while no cause for serious alarm."
there are several in Nicaragua; that earthquakes are
practically unknown here, while in Nicaragua they are
The book is popular in tone and profusely
frequent; that the concession from the government of
illustrated.
Columbia for the Panama canal is complete and satis A companion volume to the book just noticed
factory and there is only one nation to deal with, while
bears the rather fanciful title “ The Pearl of
two nations must be consulted in everything that in-
volves the Nicaragua canal, and the concessions are
the Orient.” It is a brief compilation of mat-
complicated with conditions that are likely to prove ter relating to the Philippine Islands, and while
embarrassing.”
popular in tone is fairly accurate on matters of
fact. There are chapters on the geography
book, but the main topic treated is the indus-
trial, social, and political life of the people. the resources, and the volume closes with a
The volume forms, on the whole, a very read- chapter on “ America in the Orient."
able description of the Western South America bola or native knife is thus described :
of to-day. There are a number of illustrations
“ The most common type used in warfare is between
and a fair index, but no map.
two and three feet in length, including the handle, and
“ A Summer Journey to Brazil,” by Miss
has a wide, thick blade edged like a guillotine. When
wielded by a fanatic Philippino in the heat of battle, it
Alice R. Humphrey, is a brief and pleasant is a formidable instrument of death, which is capable
record of a trip to Rio Janeiro, Pernambuco, of cutting a human head clear from its seat at a single


1901.)
75
"THE DIAL
blow, split the body from shoulder to hip, or cleave the from the Atlantic to the Red Sea and the Hauran from
skull in twain. At the call to charge, these native troops Crete to Timbuctoo and the Soudan, there are still to
discard all other weapons and spring to the wild attack be found among them the vestiges of the arts and
hand to hand, wielding the bola with terrible effect.” sciences, of the spirit of conquest, of the capacity for
The illustrations are profuse and well-printed. self-government, which, if developed, would make them
again a great nation."
In Miss Christine Collbran's account of “ An
The book is of interest and value as giving
American Girl's Trip to the Orient and around
the World” we have the fresh impressions of
us some acquaintance with this little-known
race. The illustrations are exceptionally fine.
a young person conveyed pleasantly enough in
a very familiar epistolary style. One amusing
A pleasant account of that most remote of
incident the author thus describes :
the British Isles, St. Kilda, is prepared by Mr.
“While out walking I met a sort of procession, Norman Heathcote. This “ last of the sea-girt
marching down one of the streets of Yokohama, which
Hebrides" is famed in Britain for its uncouth
amused me immensely. It consisted of fifteen or twenty natives and for its multitude of sea-birds. The
men carrying long poles with white banners fastened to
author presents a brief history of St. Kilda,
them, or with a mock rooster perched on the top, fol-
lowed by a brass band of about eight instruments, play-
followed by chapters on the island as it is to-day,
ing, or rather trying to play, Marching through boating and climbing experiences, the birds,
Georgia.' Each man seemed to be playing just as he and the - St. Kilda of the future." A curious
felt, and their laudable endeavors to express their dif habit of the Fulmar Petrel is thus described":
ferent moods in different keys was not all that could «On the approach of an enemy, the fulmar squirts
be desired from a musical point of view. Apparently,
oil at him in self-defense. I suppose the operation is
it did not matter in the least if he were a few notes too
of use to them against some of their foes; and though
high, or too low, or if he were playing faster or slower
it does not avail them against the St. Kildan fowler,
than the rest; so taking it altogether, I was only just
it is on record that one gallant fulmar succeeded in
able to recognize our good old campaigners' song. The
killing a man by this same process. It was not in St.
Japanese, themselves, seemed to be enjoying it thor-
Kilda, and it was some time ago. The said man, being
oughly, if we may judge by the crowds that followed
in the wake of this comical band."
unacquainted with this little babit of the petrel tribe,
was so astonished at receiving a stream of nasty-smelling
The bulk of the book is given to Japan and oil in his face that he fell off the ladder, by means of
Korea, other countries receiving but very
which he had obtained access to the nest, and was
meager notice.
killed. My experience is, that it is a very poor sort of
weapon, as the range is so short. I doubt if the stream
“ Among the Berbers of Algeria," by Mr.
of oil will carry more than a couple of feet on the level.”
Anthony Wilkin, is “a popular record of a The illustrations are good, and the author's
journey undertaken with scientific objects.'
map is probably the best yet made.
These objects were of an archæological and
anthropological nature, the special purpose
Miss Katharine Lee Bates's “Spanish High-
being “to trace if possible their (the Berbers']
ways and Byways is the vivacious account
connection with the most ancient races of
of a tour along the regular routes, the only
Egypt by the methods of anthropology, by col-
Byway” being a trip through the Basque
lections of pottery, of designs, of physical provinces. The author's impression of the
measurements, and by observation of their Spaniard is that he is not only not lazy, as
everyday occupations, and of the monuments
often reputed, but intensely active. She gives
of their ancestors.” This object the author
a graphic picture of a Spanish Carnival.
achieved. The Berbers, unconquered by Roman
“Squeaking and gibbering, the maskers, unrebuked,
took all manner of saucy liberties. A stately old gen-
or Arab, but at length subjugated by the tleman rose from his cushion in a crested carriage to
French, are divided into two tribes, the Chawia observe how gallantly a bevy of ladies were beating off
and Kabylia, both of which were visited by
with a hail of confetti and bonbons an imploring cav-
our author.
He finds the Berber has many
alier who ran by their wheels, and when he would have
resumed his seat he found himself dandled on the
good traits.
knees of a grinning Chinaman. Sometimes a swarm
“Whether in the olive-clad mountains of Kabylia of maskers would beset a favorite carriage, climbing
or the terraces of their Aurasian fastnesses they are up beside the coachman and snatching his reins, stand-
white men and in general act like white men. Among ing on the steps and throwing kisses, lying along the
them the virtues of honesty, hospitality, and good back and twitting the proudest beauty in the ear or
nature are conspicuous. It is not their misfortune making love to the haughtiest. This all-licensed masker,
alone that the lowlands know them no more; not their with his monstrous disguise and affected squeal, may
misfortune only that Mohammedanism has debarred be a duke or a doorkeeper. Carnival is democracy."
them from entering, as they would otherwise have en-
The book contains a pleasant chapter on the
tered, on the path of European progress and liberality:
it is the misfortune of the whole civilized world. De gypsies, and one of some length on the Choral
scendants of a mighty race whose culture once spread games of Spanish children, a disquisition which
> >


76
[Feb. 1,
THE
DIAL.
summer.
should be of interest to the pædologist. The
WAR AND POLITICS IN SOUTH AFRICA.*
illustrations are good, but there is neither map
nor index.
The wish is father to the thought in nearly all
recent books which treat of the war in South Africa.
An enthusiastic, vivacious description of
Falaise and its environs by an intimate friend hands, and attempt to give both sides of the ques-
Two of the group before us are from American
and observer, may be found in Mrs. Anna
tions involved. Several, from English pens, are
Bowmon Dodd's volume entitled “ Falaise, the
interested only in disclosing what their authors saw.
Town of the Conqueror.
The effect of Nor-
The rest are more or less partial to Great Britain,
mandy landscape is thus described :
reflecting the attitude to be expected when war ex-
“ Little by little, the subtle and satisfying charm of cites a nation.
this Normandy landscape was producing an effect not The pamphlet from M. Edmond Desmolins, au-
wholly new - - to me, at least. So penetrating have I thor of "Anglo-Saxon Superiority," entitled "Boers
felt this charm to be, that in just such Normandy or English : Who Are in the Right?” is an argu-
scenes, and just such warm, balmy days, I have had
ment against the rights of a weaker people to na-
that rarest of human sensations, — a satisfied, completed
sense of perfect enjoyment. The man or woman who
tional existence, with such qualification as can be
loves nature, sanely, can be made more entirely con-
given that unpleasant theme by statements such as
tent, I believe, in the rich inland parts of this marvelous
this : “ These great nations must understand that
Normandy province than in any other country.”
their preëminence is based solely on the fact that
The author visited the Falaise Fair in a char. they are, for the time being, the most worthy to
exercise it,”
à-banc, and in brisk style she narrates the
a complete confusion, it will be
noted, of might and right.
scenes there witnessed. A large portion of
“ The British Case Against the Boer Republics
the volume concerns the history of the city. is a small document prepared by the Imperial South
We have rarely seen better photographic illus African Association, chief agent of the Johannes-
trations than those which adorn this book.
burg mine owners in their campaign of misrepresen-
“ Forbidden Paths in the Land of Og" is
tation, which was sent by the Bureau of Education
the narrative of a trip by three missionaries
to the teachers of the United States during the past
into the region beyond Jordan. Their expe-
It is a brief, giving page and volume of
British official documents, intended to supply the
dition was to the west and north of the Sea of
Galilee and included visits to Golan, Gadara,
British sympathizer with justification for the exter-
Mizpah, and Jerash. Of the latter place,
BOERS OR ENGLISH: WHO ARE IN THE RIGHT? By
Edmond Desmolins. New York: Imported by Charles Scrib-
where are found the ruins of the ancient and
ner's Sons.
magnificent Gerasa, the account is quite full THE BRITISH CASE AGAINST THE BOER REPUBLICS.
and interesting
Anonymous. London: The Imperial South African Asso-
ciation.
“ A Greek theatre of the ancient type forms a capital
ON THE EVE OF THE WAR. By Evelyn Cecil, M.P. New
camping-place for modern travellers. Historically it
York: Imported by Charles Scribner's Sons.
awakens myriad thoughts of regal splendor and Chris-
SOUTH AFRICA, PAST AND PRESENT. By Violet R. Mark-
tian martyrdom. Practically it lends itself to the real
ham. New York: Imported by Charles Scribner's Song.
necessities of the tourists in affording shade and shelter, IN SOUTH AFRICA WITH BULLER. By George Clarke
semi-seclusion, and excellent stabling for the ani Musgrave. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co.
mals. Incongruous as this may sound, — a grand THE RELIEF OF LADYSMITH. By John Black Atkins.
theatre reduced to the level of tourists' conveniences, Boston: L. C. Page & Co.
yet so it was. Camp was pitched in the midst of the BESEIGED BY THE BOERS. By E. Oliver Ashe, M.D. New
open arena. Round about on three sides rose the semi York: Doubleday, Page & Co.
circle of stone benches, in sixteen tiers, one above LONDON TO LADYSMITH VIA PRETORIA. By Winston
another, capable of seating three or four thousand
Spencer Churchill. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co.
spectators."
IAN HAMILTON'S MARCH. By Winston Spencer Churchill.
New York: Longnians, Green, & Co.
The book is full of Biblical allusions, and
THE BOERS IN WAR. By Howard C. Hillegas. New York:
should be of especial use to Bible students. D. Appleton & Co.
HIRAM M. STANLEY.
With Both ARMIES IN SOUTH AFRICA. By Richard
Harding Davis. New York: Charles Scribner's Song.
LESSONS OF THE WAR. By Spencer Wilkinson. Phila-
delphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
Mr. W. GARRETT HORDER'S “ Treasury of American THE GREAT BOER WAR. By A. Conan Doyle. New
Sacred Song" is reissued, in an enlarged edition, by York: McClure, Phillips & Co.
Mr. Henry Frowde. Something like thirty new poems THE WAR OFFICE, THE ARMY, AND THE EMPIRE. By
are included, but the price of the volume bas been re H. O. Arnold-Forster, M.P. New York: Cassell & Co., Ltd.
duced. The editor gives a broad meaning to the word THE RISE AND FALL OF KRUGERISM. By John Scoble
“ sacred," and this admirable book is far more than a and H. R. Abercrombie. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co.
mere collection of hymns. In fact, hymns are rather
THE SETTLEMENT AFTER THE WAR IN SOUTH AFRICA.
far to seek in these pages.
By M. J. Farrelly, LL.D. New York: The Macmillan Co.


1901.]
77
THE DIAL
in a
Mr. Howard C. Hillegas is an American who has
mination of the South African Republics. It is Hamilton's March,” form a continuous narrative of
purely ex parte, and makes no other pretension. the author's numerous adventures and narrow es-
Mr. Evelyn Cecil is a nephew of the Marquis capes, from the beginning of the war to the capture
of Salisbury and a member of parliament. He of Pretoria. The inclusion of the diary of Lieuten-
arrived at Cape Town less than a month before the ant Frankland, an officer in the unfortunate Dublin
war broke out, and stayed in South Africa for Fusileers, carries on the tale of the prisoners at
three months and a half afterward. The opening Pretoria from the time of Mr. Churchill's escape
words of his book, “ If England fights she will until his return to that city with the British column.
create for herself a sullen dependency among the It is not necessary here to praise Mr. Churchill's
Dutch in South Africa,” spoken to the author upon methods of presenting his facts. He is writing in
his arrival at the Cape, seem to be most nearly
the field and his letters
appear
London
paper
prophetic of any of the statements in the volume, before they are printed in book form ; but it is
which deals with the British side entirely. Some doubtful if any revision or care could give them
remarks on the administration of Rhodesia are the air of reality they now convey.
worth reading, as evidence that the Transvaal was
brought to bay for doing the very things which the been attached to the Republican side in the South
Chartered Company did in a much more extortion African struggle.
His account of “ The Boers in
ate degree.
War” pays a high tribute to the men who compose
Just such another book as the foregoing, mak the burgher armies, and the manner in which they
ing necessary allowances for sex and education, go about their battles. He bears witness to the
is Miss Violet R. Markham's “South Africa, Past smallness of the force which they have been able
and Present.” The larger part of the work, how to put in the field, such forces never exceeding
ever, is a rewriting of the history of the land, with thirty thousand men at any time, and his descrip-
a chapter on “Industrial Johannesburg " supplied tion of what might be called the "elective system"
by the author's brother, Mr. Arthur Markham. of fighting makes it still more surprising that their
The portly volume requires no extended notice at successes should have been what they are. Though
this time, containing as it does the usual record of his sympathies are evidently with the Dutch, Mr.
mismanagement and race hatred, fostered by mu Hillegas is wholly free from rancor, as was evi-
tual misunderstandings and thoughtless oppor denced in his former book.
tanism.
The psychological study of a man changing his
One of the best of the books resulting from the war mind adds to the value of Mr. Richard Harding
in Cuba was written by Captain George Clarke Mus Davis's “ With Both Armies in South Africa." It
grave, whose new volume, “In South Africa with is evident from the narrative that Mr. Davis had
Buller,” contains a vivid account of that doughty been so thoroughly persuaded the burghers were
warrior's advances and retreats. It is a violently as black as the British had painted them that his
partisan work, addressed to Americans in a par. discovery of the exaggeration caused a total over-
ticular sense, even to the point of quoting Mr. Jobn throw of all his pre-judgments, leaving him as
Hays Hammond, a paid attorney of the Johannes-violently partisan as before, though on the other
burg mine owners, as an authority, along with a side. His testimony that the Englishman is a bad
number of other Americans with foreign names loser can be matched by an abundance of examples
who wish to see England reduce taxation. The collected from exclusively British sources since the
book makes no pretension to literary graces, but its outbreak of hostilities, and the hearty dislike his
narrative of the fighting can hardly fail to interest. frankness has caused in Great Britain is some wit-
Another former Cuban correspondent is Mr. ness to the accuracy of his comment.
John Black Atkins, whose letters to the Manchester Mr. Spencer Wilkinson’s volume of “ Lessons of
“Guardian” have been collected, so far as they are the War” is merely a reprint of his weekly reviews
pertinent, into a volume entitled “ The Relief of in “ The London Letter,” and carry the story of
Ladysmith.” The story of the repeated attempts the war no further than the relief of Ladysmith.
to bear succor to the people of that sadly beleagured His statement that no power will intervene unless
and gallant little town is told in Mr. Atkins's best it is prepared for war still awaits complete demon-
style, with great good humor, though with a full stration. Another similar volume will contain more
setting forth of the difficulties met and surmounted. and riper decisions.
Dr. E. Oliver Ashe was a surgeon in the hospital Even the preface by the Earl of Rosebery does
at Kimberly during the siege, and his “ Besieged not save Mr. H. O. Arnold-Forster's “ The War
by the Boers” is a picturesque account of events in Office, the Army, and the Empire" from being too
that monopolistic town for several months, mottled sanguine a work in its belief that strictures on the
with paragraphs that reflect the deadly dullness of blunders of those who control the machinery of the
the long isolation. Dr. Ashe's vivid pages tell a British
army
will result in reform. Similar rumors
story worth telling, and tell it well.
have been heard in the United States ever since
The two books of Mr. Winston Spencer Churchill, Grant found himself powerless to redeem his spe-
“London to Ladysmith via Pretoria” and “Ian cific pledges to Sherman in behalf of the War


78
(Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
the Irish
Liberator.
Department against the protests of mere politicians;
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
and the two great Anglo-Saxon powers are too
desperately proud of proving that they can triumph
The Daniel O'Connell of Mr. Robert
O'Connell,
over difficulties to stop to remove any of their own
Dunlop's presentation, in the “He-
making. The author makes out the strongest pos-
roes of the Nations
» series (Put-
sible case against official incompetents in places nam), is a genuine Irishman, somewhat unduly
of power — and so did Captain John Bigelow, spiritualized it may be, yet typical of his race.
U.S.A., in 1899, concerning the authorities at Mercurial in temperament, quick to take offense
Washington.
and quick to forgive, easily quarrelsome over triv-
Dr. A. Conan Doyle states the case against him ialities, he is still the foremost figure in the long
self with entire fairness in the preface to his “ The list of the Irish agitators of the earlier part of the
Great Boer War.” He wrote the somewhat bulky century. O'Connell was a leader of the Irish bar,
volume partly in England and partly on the steamer an eloquent orator, and an effective member of
in passage, finishing it in Bloemfontein while pro Parliament, but it is upon his abilities as an organ-
fessionally engaged during the epidemic among izer of political societies for the redress of Ireland's
the wounded soldiers there. “Often,” he says, grievances that Mr. Dunlop justly places the greatest
“the only documents which I had to consult were stress. He excelled his contemporaries in his ability
the wounded officers and men who were under our legally to evade repressive laws, and he stood far
care.” Elsewhere he speaks of the volume being above every other agitator of the period in his de-
compiled with as much accuracy as is attainable termination never to encourage violent methods
at this date.” But the history, such as it is, has for the repeal of obnoxious statutes. O'Connell
commanded the highest praise in England, and it always advocated constitutional” agitation. Mon-
seems to be designed exclusively for British con ster petitions, public meetings, and far-reaching
sumption. Dr. Doyle means to be impartial, and political associations were the instruments he chose
there are frequent evidences of his efforts to that to express Ireland's sentiments, in the hope that
end. He brings to the book, too, a personal knowl incessant iteration would ensure fair treatment for
edge of the South African landscape and general bis countrymen. Revolution was hateful to him.
geography, in addition to his well known skill as a Neither personal persecution, nor discouragement
writer.
at the seeming failure of wisely conceived projects,
“ The Rise and Fall of Krugerism” bears for moved him, for an instant, from his horror of in-
its sub-title, “A Personal Record of Forty Years surrectionary methods.
surrectionary methods. Mr. Dunlop insists upon
in South Africa,” and Mr. Scoble may be regarded this again and again, for O'Connell has frequently
as its real author, the position of Mr. Abercrombie been credited with the will, but not with the courage,
in the intelligence department of Cape Colony en to embroil Ireland in civil war, and during his
abling him to eke out the facts which his colabor lifetime was generally regarded in England as
ator's correspondency for the London " Times” at hypocritical in his denunciation of armed resistance.
Pretoria put him in the way of acquiring. The Yet Mr. Dunlop's estimate is sustained by numer-
book is written from the extreme imperialistic point ous quotations from O'Connell's personal letters to
of view, and nothing derogatory to the government intimate friends, at every stage of his career.
of the Transvaal has been omitted, making it a O'Connell's character and acts were by no means
treasure house for the opponents of the Republice. above criticism, and the author does not attempt to
But even here the silence of the authors respecting conceal the defects. He was an egoist, yet perhaps
the Orange Free State admits away a part of their purposely so in politics, recognizing the aptitude of
contention.
his countrymen for submission to the political
Dr. M. J. Farrelly is an advocate of the supreme “ boss.” He made serious mistakes in policy, as
court of Cape Colony, and he is somewhat more when he favored the disfranchisement of the forty
frank than many of his countrymen in setting forth shilling freeholders.
shilling freeholders. He was often vulgar and
the nature of the struggle. “We are fighting,” he abusive in language toward his political opponents.
says, “in order to place a small international oli. These failings are noted explicitly, though usually
garchy of mine owners and speculators in power at with toleration, by Mr. Dunlop. Yet O'Connell's
Pretoria [what Kruger was fighting to avoid). En greatest mistake, in the author's opinion, was one
glishmen will surely do well to recognize that the of judgment and not of character or measure,
economic and political destinies of South Africa briefly, that his whole scheme of operations, though
are, and seem likely to remain, in the hands of men, successful in securing Catholic emancipation, was
most of whom are foreigners by origin, whose trade based upon ideals, thus rendering complete success
is finance, and whose trade interests are not chiefly impossible. O'Connell believed that when once
British.” Dr. Farrelly looks for a period of duress England was educated to understand the wrongs
as a Crown colony for the Transvaal and, probably, of the existing government of Ireland, the English
the Free State, and regards time as the only solu sense of justice would force the righting of these
tion of most of the existing difficulties.
wrongs. He therefore educated England by agi-
WALLACE RICE. tation in Ireland. Mr. Dunlop asserts that England
-


1901.)
79
THE DIAL
а.
has never acted toward Ireland upon principles of psychological status of the memory-processes is cer-
abstract justice, and that selfish interest alone has tainly desirable ; and on the whole such information
brought any alleviation of Irish distress. Mere has kept pace with the increasing knowledge in
agitation of principles of right are here, therefore, regard to the physiological and psychological basis
always useless unless England sees her own direct and mode of development of mental functions.
benefit in their realization. Mr. Dunlop is an Professor Colegrove's inductive study of “ Memory”
Englishman.
(Holt) is a well-designed aid to the student of this
In “Sleeping Beauty and Other topic, and will appeal to the interests of the general
Talk about
Prose Fancies” (John Lane) Mr. reader. The scope of the volume includes an intro-
Art and Life.
Richard Le Gallienne gives us ductory chapter giving the historical setting of
series of short essays written in the brilliant vein opinions in regard to the nature of memory; a
that holds attention if it does not always produce suggestive account of the fluctuations of the memory-
conviction. Mr. Le Gallienne is a devotee of the functions in the biological world; some description
religion of beauty, and in the fervor of his devotion of the diseases of memory, without which a con-
he says, “Why not disendow the Church, and en- ception of memory would be both misleading and
dow Literature, which is really the coming Church?” | inadequate; a brief statement of the connection of
His militant faith in the triumph of the finer in memory-processes with the functions of the brain ;
stincts of the soul, love of beauty and desire for a discussion of the significant types, or classes of
truth, and longing for the invisible things of the memory; a detailed study, on the basis of an ex-
spirit, is abundantly in evidence, and especially so tensively circulated question-sheet, of certain special
in the most important essay in the book, “ The problems in regard to the tenacity, accuracy, di-
Second Coming of the Ideal.” He insists upon the rection, unfoldment, relation to age, sex, race, etc.,
reality of dreams, and declares that realism has and other characteristics of individual memories ;
failed because it does not understand, as does a discussion of the relations of the mere retentive
idealism, the science of human nature. Eager and functions to the assimilative ones, particularly to
earnest as are Mr. Le Gallienne's convictions, he attention, apperception, and association; and a
manages to give them publicity without too much concluding chapter rehearsing the pedagogical ap-
parade of importance, dwelling upon them lovingly plications of the main results of the previous studies.
rather than strenuously, and even touching them The volume is the outcome of a deep personal in-
lightly with a graceful fancy and a mild sort of wit. terest and of a special investigation of the subject.
His treatment of Mr. Stephen Phillips has the Its essential defect is the lack of a sustained hold
charm of absolute sincerity of appreciation, and upon the relations of the different parts of the
this paper more than any other makes us realize subject to one another. We have a series of inci-
how much of our pleasure in the volume comes dents, where we expect a continued story involving
from the genuineness of his fresh delight in the the same characters but in new situations. It is
æsthetic charm of books and men. But his enjoy true of memory as of many problems psychological,
ment of Stevenson, and Theodore Watts-Dunton, that “what was a problem once is a problem still”;
and Miss Custance is balanced by the very positive but an interesting sketch of the shape which the
irritation that comes to him from the great popular problem assumes in response to the activities of
success of Rudyard Kipling. “Mr. Kipling has modern research may be profitably gained from
chosen to make the clay jig, instead of compelling Dr. Colegrove's handbook.
the marble to sing; and he has his reward,” he
says, “ A Propos The Absent-Minded Beggar,” The Monitor
“ The history of our navy under
and, while we may not sympathize with his feeling
steam divides itself into two parts,
epoch-marker.
of personal vexation, we must allow the criticism.
rather sharply separated by a pe-
On the whole, while there are some good things
culiar war-vessel forced into the field of action in
well said in the book, it is an entertaining rather
advance of its natural time by the demands of a
than weighty or valuable contribution to the literary
great war, and destined suddenly to change by its
discussion of the problems of art and life. It example the naval armaments and methods of all
might be suggested to Mr. Le Gallienne that his
nations." This sentence indicates the underlying
work is sufficiently pretentious to warrant his giving thought in “The Monitor and the Navy under
a little more attention to the writing of correct
Steam" (Houghton), by Lieut. Frank M. Bennett,
English. Especially is this desirable if he is to go
U.S.N. The story of the origin and progress of
forth to battle with Mr. Kipling as one who degrades
steam navigation is told in a very interesting way,
the national literature by the use of slang.
a number of drawings helping materially in giving
the reader a correct understanding of the successive
A commendable
Information in regard to memory is advance steps. A second chapter recounts the
compendium a matter of general interest, and famous duel between the “Monitor” and the
on memory.
descriptions of the peculiarities and “Merrimac," and this is followed by a description
vagaries of the venerable mother of the muses may
of other naval actions of the Civil War, the upper-
frequently be overheard in the small talk of culti most thought always being the evolution of the
vated persons. Exact information in regard to the modern battle-ship. After the Civil War the United
as an


80
(Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
was
States “practically dropped out of sight for twenty nearly as possible pure and simple, and in a form
years as a naval or maritime power,” and European which presupposes a very moderate degree only of
nations made the experiments and perfected the antecedent knowledge of the elements of Crom-
machinery necessary to the building of the battle well's story, will probably find more serviceable
ship of to-day. This naval indifference was trying than any of its recent predecessors. Mr. Paterson's
to American officers, and yet had its compensations, object is to give a detailed narrative of the per-
since we were able, when our
new navy
sonal life, aims, and motives of Cromwell, and he
planned, to profit by the expensive experience of has hence abstained so far as may be from the
the rest of the world. What the new navy accom usual historical and politico-philosophical excursions
plished in the Spanish-American War of course is which his theme suggests. His book, in short, is a
set forth in glowing words, nearly a hundred pages good plain narrative of Oliver's career, and a sen-
out of three hundred and fifty being given to the sible, unexaggerated view of his character. Mr.
events of 1898. This may perhaps be criticised Paterson inclines to take issue with writers who
as an undue proportion, but it is true that the story regard Cromwell's later usurpations as an apostasy
is designed to approach such a climax, all the from the cause of political liberty, and endeavors
thought and inventions of the past being represented with some plausibility to show that his high-handed
at their best in such a vessel as the “Oregon.” measures were largely forced on him by circum-
The last chapter will be depended upon to sell the stances (which we believe to be in a measure true),
book, but it is likely that more real value attaches and, moreover, that in taking such measures he really
to the earlier pages, which show how naval inventors acted as the instrument or mandatary of his council
worked unceasingly at ideas tending to make the (which we believe to be exceedingly doubtful).
ships move faster than sails could carry them, and Mr. Paterson's book is very readable, and it sets
at the same time to make a more solid barrier for forth concisely, in a compact, well-made volume, the
the flag at sea than was afforded by the “wooden essentials of Cromwell's history. There are two
walls ” of the old navy.
well-executed portraits, one of them a likeness of
the Protector's mother after a rare original.
In his careful and engrossing work
The story of on "The Frigate Constitution, the
Before the outbreak of hostilities in
“ Old Ironsides."
The Forward
Central Figure of the Navy under
South Africa, the question that most
Policy in India.
Sail” (Houghton), Mr. Ira N. Hollis follows the
interested political England was the
fortunes of “Old Ironsides from her inception
80-called “ Forward Policy” in India, and whether
under the presidency of Washington to her present
the Afridi war was a logical result of that policy.
condition of honorable old age, in which she is Under the guise of a personal memoir, Mr. Richard
soon to enjoy a pension adequate for her main I. Bruce, a former political agent in Beluchistan,
tenance in ease and dignity. With the part in
has written a book of comment upon English action
history played by the “Constitution " Americans in India. “The Forward Policy and Its Results”
have every reason to be satisfied. If she did (Longmans) relates the chief activities of its author,
not win her spurs a most terrestrial trope, in
and defends the system introduced by Sir Robert
this connection — during the brief war with France, Sandemann, in bringing under English control
she did beat an English frigate sailing at that
some of the frontier tribes between Northwest India
time, and Preble gave her plenty to do against
and Afghanistan. The question at issue is as to
the Tripolitans soon after. It was in 1812 that whether it is wiser to accustom the wild Pathans of
the gallant ship blossomed into her fulness of fame, this border to submit to English intervention in
and Mr. Hollis does not exaggerate when he says
their disputes, and to permit the establishment of
she 66
was the single champion of a young and
semi-military outposts, or to leave them absolutely
struggling nation" in a war wbich “terminated independent in the hope that such a policy will
the period of our dependence upon England.”
assure their friendship in case of a Russian advance
Thrice escaping from British fleets by exhibitions
on India. Mr. Bruce is emphatically in favor of
of resourcefulness which still thrill the heart, and the Forward Policy as opposed to the Close Border
thrice victorious over British ships-of-war, — the
Policy. Every new government in India, he says,
“Guerriére," the "Java," and the “Cyene" and has entered office with the determination to check
“Levant,” — the career of the “ Constitution” further advance toward Afghanistan, but has been
furnishes almost enough material for an epic. The forced by the necessity of the situation to alter its
book is always readable and frequently fascinating. purpose.
He advocates a peaceable, friendly, non-
military advance, to be made on principle and not
We have had two or three good
The life and
grudgingly, and cites his own and Sir Robert
character of books on Cromwell of late, notably Sandemann's labors among the Marris and Bugtis
Oliver Cromwell.
the studies by Mr. John Morley and in proof that such an advance is possible. He is
Governor Roosevelt, and to them is now added Mr. not a forcible writer, and indeed makes no pretense
Arthur Paterson's “ Oliver Cromwell, His Life and at literary merit, but trusts to the reiteration of
Character" (Stokes), a continuous, well-rounded specific facts in Indian history to substantiate his
work which the reader who wants biography as argument. As a personal memoir the book is not


1901.]
81
THE DIAL
The Germans in
Colonial times.
ho / *
interesting, for the description of frontier incident the author returns no uncertain answer. Not only
and life has been sacrificed to the narrative of petty is the whole secret of the ancient manufacturers
political events. It will be of value to those Amer-
plaid bare to the most casual reader, but such recon-
ican readers who care to know tho conditions of dite matters as changes of coloring, and changes in
government on this thousand-mile frontier of India. dress and style, are made plain. To do this, it was
Many fine photographs of men and places accom needful to reproduce a number of typical figurines
pany the text, and an excellent map is inserted at in both monotint and color, and these numerous
the end.
illustrations add immensely to the value of the book.
During the last ten years, a great deal Many of the statuettes owe their birth to the period
of attention has been paid by special which gave us the immortal bits of the anthology,
students of American history to what and the treasures of that work have been drawn
may be called the minor race elements of Colonial upon by Miss Hutton for mutual comparison and
times, and long delayed protests have been increas elucidation, with the happiest results. Such a book
ingly frequent against that method of history. has long been needed for general reference, and it
writing which ascribes all the virtues of Colonial is to be hoped that it may yet be re-issued in less
days to the English settlers and finds small place expensive and more popular form.
for mention of representatives of other blood who
helped to build the United States. “ The Germans
The sudden and vigorous growth of
A missionary
in Colonial Times" (Lippincott), by Miss Lucy For-
statesman of that young nation of the Pacific,
young Japan.
ney Bittinger, is the latest of these protests, a com-
Japan, was due to many causes not
pact little volume of three hundred pages, into popularly known. One of these was the presence
which is crowded a vast amount of interesting in- in that land, at critical moments, of sturdy and
formation regarding the early German immigrants. level-headed foreigners. Dr. William Elliot Griffis
The conditions in the homeland which led to the in his “ Verbeck of Japan: A Citizen of No Coun-
movement of population are shown, a religious try” (Revell) has opened our eyes to see one of
condition and a social one, aud then, step by step
those characters. Dr. Guido F. Verbeck entered
and colony by colony, the author describes the Japan in 1859 and gave nearly forty years of his
various German bodies, many of them small relig-
life to the Japanese. He went out as a missionary,
ious sects, Mennonites, Dunkers, Salzburgers, Mo-
but his success as a teacher, his wisdom as a man of
ravians and the like, who settled here and there affairs, and his influence as an adviser, soon secured
from Maine to Georgia, called locally “ Pennsyl- for him unwonted power with those in authority in
vania Dutcb,” and yet having many common cbar-
the dawn of Japan's modern history. A number
acteristics wherever found. The trials and tribu.
of the chief authorities of state in the young gov.
lations of these immigrants are clearly shown, one
ernment had been his former pupils and wisely
interesting chapter being on the “ Redemptioners," looked upon him as their best adviser; so that
in which it appears that the lot of an indented
when the constitution of the country was finally
servant was often a hard one. A chronological cast, Dr. Verbeck was probably next to the dictator
table shows that the German influence was mani-
of its articles. Then, too, the educational policy
fested for exactly a century before the treaty of
of Japan, and its relation to foreign culture, to the
Paris of 1783, the first company, the one which
arts and sciences, was largely shaped by the wis-
located at Germantown, coming in 1683. A quite
dom of this same Americanized Dutchman. Dr.
extensive bibliography indicates wide reading. The Griffis has given us a noble portrait of this devoted
writer undoubtedly performed a labor of love in missionary.statesman, who molded in a very definite
the preparation of her material, and her heart was manner the new empire of the Pacific.
full of desire to make the best case for her friends.
The life of
Naturally there are some faults due to over-enthu-
An auspicious and appropriate be-
an English
siasm, and in some places the book lacks exact anti-slavery
ginning to a new biographical series
agitator.
references and foot-notes, but it is none the less a
of “ Saintly Lives (Dutton) is
welcome addition to the literature of Colonial times,
made in Mrs. Anna M. Stoddard's life of Elizabeth
and a valuable handbook regarding one important
Pease Nichol. Mrs. Nichol was known to all anti-
race-element in our cosmopolitan national character. slavery agitators in the English-speaking world as
one of that devoted few who swayed the voice and
A study of
In his preface to Miss C. A. Hutton's the heart of England away from mere interests of
interesting monograph on “Greek
“Greek greed in the struggle between the North and the
Terracotta Statuettes” (Macmillan) South, and turned the popular English derision of
Dr. A. S. Murray, keeper of classical antiquities in Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation into mighty
the British Museum, states that, while anyone with mass-meetings of praise to the Divine Providence
the slightest artistic perception can enjoy the beauty which had rid the world of its greatest curse. Eliza-
of these dainty figurines, it is needful to share in beth Pease was born in 1807, was married to Pro-
Miss Hutton's unusual erudition if one is to step fessor John Pringle Nichol in 1853, and died soon
beyond this, and understand how they were made, after her ninetieth birthday, in 1897. She was of
and when, and where, and why. To these questions Quaker lineage, and consecrated almost from birth
Greek terracotta
statuettes.


82
(Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
up
to the cause of the hopeless and oppressed, an an lated by Dean Henry Carrington. We need not in this
nointing which she never forgot. The story of her connection discourse upon the necessary limitations of
long and noble life, with its eager sympathy and
verse translation, for they are well understood. What
deep devotion to immutable truths, is well-told in
is important to say is that the present translator is
Mrs. Stoddard's volume.
thoroughly familiar with his material, and that the deft
poetical touch of his versions is often remarkable. His
We are glad to be lectured gently
range is wide, and almost every French lyrist of im-
Pleasant essays
on our follies and vanities and on
portance is represented by one or more examples.
on familiar themes.
things having to do in general with
“ The Foundations of Botany," by Mr. Joseph Y.
the old subject of the conduct of life, when the
Bergen, is a text-book published by Messrs. Gion & Co.
It is written upon the general plan of the author's
teaching to which we must listen is as genial and earlier “ Elements of Botany,” but gives greatly in-
kindly, as full of a simple and wholesome wisdom,
creased attention to laboratory work and the study of
as is that of Mr. Edward Sandford Martin's " Lucid cryptogams. The text proper occupies upwards of
Intervals ” (Harper). The chapters on “Children,” four hundred pages, and to this is appended a “ Key and
“Swains and Damsels," “ Husbands and Wives," Flora” of two hundred and fifty pages more. In the
“ Education,” “ Riches," and the five more that latter section about seven hundred species, wild and
make the book are devoted to the comfortable cultivated, are included, which makes such an appendix
optimism of a man who has known how to accept
really worth while. The directions for experimental
things as they are and be happy. The subjects hundreds of illustrations in the text, besides a dozen
work are abundant and explicit, and the volume has
touched upon are old and the possibility of saying
or so full-page plates. The book is thoroughly scien-
anything new upon them does not promise much,
tific in method, and presents the subject in the most
but the racy freshness of treatment, and the pleas-
attractive way.
antly pervasive quality of the author's personality, Mr. W. H. Mallock has tried an interesting experi-
gives them new color and interest. The book has ment, although one pot brought to a particularly happy
a goodly number of taking illustrations and is at issue, in his little book entitled “Lucretius on Life and
tractively bound.
Death in the Metre of Omar Khayyam.” The similarity
The Colonial woman, as an object
of spirit between the Persian and the Roman poet is
Ten women of
sufficient to justify this effort, but if there be some
of interest to her bustling and am-
Colonial times.
suggestions of the unsophisticated Omar in Mr. Mal-
bitious descendants, is still having lock's quatrains, there is nothing of the peculiar quality
her innings, and therefore the pretty volume entitled that FitzGerald gave to his immortal paraphrase. Mr.
“Dames and Daughters of Colonial Days" (Crow Mallock bas produced about a hundred quatrains, and
ell), by Miss Geraldine Brooks, will doubtless find has appended the original texts upon which they are
favor with readers of books of its class. It contains based. Mr. John Lane publishes the volume.
ten simply written sketches of notable women, the Mr. John Kenyon Kilbourn has compiled a volume
on the “ Faiths of Famous Men in their Own Words
list beginning with the “first of American club
women,” Anne Hutchinson, and closing with Sally
(Henry T. Coates & Co.), which shows vast industry
but less judgment. Of its ten chapters, four are upon
Wister, of Pennsylvania, a charming Quakerese
the Millenium, the Intermediate State, the Resurrec-
whose life, says Dr. Weir Mitchell, “must have
tion, and Heaven, although only about a third of the
been a joy to itself and others." The characters
book itself is given to these subjects. The famous men
chosen for treatment collectively represent a wide who write upon such subjects are somewhat unknown.
territorial range, and the flavor of the short story Grover Cleveland, it is true, is quoted under the Mil-
imparted to the sketches will commend them to lenium, but bis words have to do with the disarmament
readers in quest of entertainment.
of nations. Indeed, the author has a most catholic
estimate of fame and has admitted many men -- mostly
clergymen — of whom the careless world has little
heard. Yet, the volume is full of interest, and we doubt
BRIEFER MENTION.
not will serve a useful purpose in furnishing preachers
with apt quotations.
The finest craft of the bookmaker is exhibited in the The admirable series of “ Beacon Biographies" is
latest volume by “ E. V. B.," entitled “Sylvana's Let being supplemented by a similar series of small volumes
ters to an Unknown Friend” (Macmillan). The paper called the “Westminster Biographies” (Small, May-
is of the best, the print is large and enticing to the eye, nard & Co.), dealing with prominent Englishmen. The
and photographic illustrations are lavishly interspersed two volumes upon John Wesley by Mr. Frank Banfield
with the letter-press. The delights of gardening are and Adam Duncan, Lord Camperdown, by Mr. H. L.
the prolific theme of the writer, who has means and Wilson, are good illustrations of what biographical
leisure to indulge to the utmost her taste for floriculture. sketches should be. The problems facing the two
A gentle sympathy follows her record of the flowers
writers were precisely opposite. The material at hand
that pass in lovely procession through the fertile months for the biography of Wesley is voluminous, while in
of the year. A little more life and warmth in her the case of Duncan it is strangely scanty. Each author,
descriptions would relieve them of a possible accusation however, maintains the perspective of his subject's
of monotony.
life and has incidentally given us a good many side-
The Oxford University Press have published an lights upon the England of their day. This historical
« Anthology of French Poetry,” including examples all treatment is especially prominent in Mr. Wilson's
the way down from the tenth century to the last, trans sketch of Duncan.
-
-


1901.]
83
THE DIAL
NOTES.
Two “ Lark Classics” are the sonnets of Shakespeare
and a selection from the lyrics of Mr. Swinburne. They
are trim little volumes published by Mr. Doxey, New
York.
The Chicago “ Daily News Almanac" for 1901, com-
piled, as for many years past, by Mr. George E. Plumbe,
has just been sent to us, and is a welcome addition to
the reference shelf.
“The Rigveda,” by Mr. E. Vernon Arnold, is a new
pamphlet in the series of popular studies in mythology,
romance, and folklore which Mr. David Nutt has been
publishing from time to time.
Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons publish a third edition,
considerably enlarged, of “Cabin and Plantation Songs
as Sung by the Hampton Students.” A few Indian
songs are also comprised within the collection.
“ The Book Hunter," by Mr. John Hill Burton, is a
bibliographical classic that needs no description at
this late day. The J. B. Lippincott Co. have just repub-
lished the work in an edition that is both neat and inex-
pensive.
“Rouen,” by the Rev. Thomas Perkins, and “ Char-
tres," by Mr. H. J. L. J. Massé, are the two most
recent additions to the series of “Bell's Handbooks to
Continental Churches,” issued in this country by the
Macmillan Co.
"A New Greek Method," by Mr. William James
Seelye, comes to us from the Herald Printing Co.,
Wooster, Ohio. It is a modest little book, intended to
provide beginners with as short a cut as possible to
their “ Anabasis.”
“ Moore's Meterological Almanac and Weather
Guide” for 1901, is published by Messrs. Rand, Mc-
Nally & Co. It bears the name of Professor Willis L.
Moore, but we marvel that he should have authorized
so unscientific a title.
Two volumes of biographical and critical interest,
to be issued shortly by Mr. M. F. Mansfield of New
York, are a life of Samuel Richardson, by Miss Clara
L. Thomson, and an account of “J. M. Barrie and his
Books,” by Mr. J. A. Hammerton.
Messrs. Frederick Warne & Co. call our attention
to the fact that their “ Nuttall Encyclopædia,” recently
mentioned in these pages as “reissued,” is an absolutely
new work, althongh the title-page does not make this
altogether clear. We cheerfully make the desired cor-
rection.
Professor T. N. Toller's “Outlines of the History of
the English Language,” published by the Macmillan
Co., is a serviceable text-book for students, whether in
or out of school. It is essentially a treatise on Old
English, although three chapters are devoted to the
Middle and Modern periods.
Professor Simon Newcomb's “ Elements of Astron-
omy," published by the American Book Co., is a small
book but a comprehensive one. It is particularly well-
fitted for use in such high schools and academies as are
unable to devote more than a three or four months'
course to the subject of astronomy.
The removal to New York of Professors Trent and
Wells bas devolved the editorial conduct of “The
Sewanee Review” upon new hands. The work will
now be taken up by Professors Henneman and Ramage,
of Sewanee, and we have no fear that they will do any-
thing to lower the high standard already achieved by
this valuable quarterly, which is just entering upon its
pinth annual volume.
“ The Stories of My Four Friends" is a little book
of nature studies for children, left in manuscript by the
late Jane Andrews, and now prepared for publication
by her sister, Mrs. Margaret Andrews Allen. This
small volume, pleasantly written and charmingly illus-
trated, is published by Messrs. Ginn & Co.
The American branch of the Oxford University Press
has arranged with the Rev. F. N. Peloubet, D.D.,
author of « Peloubet's Select Notes on the International
Lessons,” to issue a Teachers' Commentary on the New
Testament. The work will be complete in ten volumes,
the first of which, a Commentary on Matthew, will be
issued at once.
“The Etiquette of Correspondence," by Miss Helen
E. Gavit, is a publication of the A. Wessels Co. From
it one may learn how to write properly all kinds of let-
ters, and obtain at the same time much useful informa-
tion respecting such incidental matters as heraldry,
postal regulations, the use of abbreviations, and of for-
eign words and phrases.
“On Southern Poetry prior to 1860,” by Mr. Sidney
Ernest Bradshaw, is a doctoral dissertation presented
to the University of Virginia. It is a conscientious
piece of investigation, and adds one more stone to the
cairn to which the twentieth century historian of our
American literature will bave recourse when he lays
the foundations of his work.
“ The Historical Development of Modern Europe,”
by Dr. Charles M. Andrews, has now been before the
public for tbree or four years, and has approved itself
to judicious students of history. Messrs. G. P. Putnam's
Sons now reissue the work, two volumes in one, and
call it a “student's edition." There are nearly a thous-
and pages in the volume, and the price is moderate.
“ A Short History of French Literature,” by Messrs.
L. E. Kastner and H. G. Atkins, is published by Messrs.
Henry Holt & Co. It provides a convenient manual
for examination candidates, and at the same time a
readable conspectus of the whole of French literature,
down to the latest (or next to the latest) of the decadent
writers of to-day. These closing chapters, indeed, while
the most questionable, will probably be found the most
useful in the book, for it is not always easy to obtain
even such meagre information as is here offered con-
cerning the French poets and novelists of the younger
school.
Following up the edition of Dante's “ Paradiso”
issued in the series of " Temple Classics” (Macmillan)
a few months ago, we now have the “Inferno" in sim-
ilar satisfactory form. The Italian text and the well-
known translation of Dr. John Aitken Carlyle are
presented on alternate pages, with the necessary edito-
rial material supplied by Mr. H. Oelsner. Other vol-
umes in the same series that have come to us during
the past few weeks include Vol. VII. of Caxton's
“Golden Legend,” Vols. IV. and V. of Macaulay's
Essays, Vol. III. in Mr. F. S. Ellis's edition of “The
Romance of the Rose," and Vols. IV. to VIII. in Mr.
A. B. Hinds's translation of Vasari's Lives,
pleting all four of these editions. Last of all may be
mentioned the reprints of La Motte Fouque's “Sin-
tram” and “ Aslauga's Knight," with illustrations by
Mr. Charles Robinson, and Miss Mitford's “Our Vila
lage.”
com-


84
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
February, 1901.
Anti-Scalping Bill, The. Hugh T. Mathers. Forum.
Armour, Philip D. Frank W. Gunsaulus. Rev. of Reviews.
Barbara Frietchie, The True. Anne Fletcher. Lippincott.
Booth, J. W., Recollections of. Clara Morris. McClure.
Canal and the Treaty. J. D. Whelpley. World's Work.
Cavalry vs. Infantry. Henry A. Greene. Forum.
Chemistry, Unsolved Problems of. Ira Remsen. McClure.
China, The True Situation in. T. F. Millard. Scribner.
Christian Endeavor, Two Decades of. A. R. Wells. R. of R.
Croker, Richard. William Allen White. McClure.
Crowd, Beautifying the. Gerald S. Lee. Atlantic.
Democratic Party, Rebabilitation of the. Forum.
Election, Lesson of the. W. J. Abbot. Forum.
Empire by the Lakes. F. C. Howe. World's Work.
Employees, Self Help to. R. E. Phillips. World's Work.
Frye Shipping Bill, The. Review of Reviews.
Germany under a Strenuous Emperor. World's Work.
Graft, The World of. Josiah Flynt. McClure.
Humor, American, Essence of. Charles Johnston. Atlantic.
Huxley, Reminiscences of. John Fiske. Atlantic.
Immigration, Changing Character of, World's Work.
Industrial Revolution, The New. Brooks Adams. Atlantic.
Japanese Immigration. Review of Reviews.
Kitchener. James Barnes. World's Work,
Libraries, Travelling. George Iles. World's Work.
Lincoln as an Antagonist. C. P. Button. Lippincott.
Lincoln Phrase, Possible Origin of a. Review of Reviews.
Literature, The Dark in. Richard Burton. Forum.
Monroe Doctrine and Hay-Pauncefote Treaty. Forum.
Napoleon, Last Phase of. Goldwin Smith. Atlantic.
Naturalist, Day's Work of a. E. W. Nelson. World's Work.
Negro and Education. Kelly Miller. Forum.
New York, A Plea for. J. K. Paulding. Atlantic.
Nonsense Verse, Study of. Carolyn Wells. Scribner.
Pan-American Exposition, Decorative Sculpture at. R. of R.
Pension Bureau and the South. T. A. Broadus. Rev. of Rev.
Porto Ricans, Status of. Stephen Pfeil. Forum.
Reconstruction Problem, The H. A. Herbert, Atlantic.
Rhodes, Cecil. Ewart Scott Grogan. World's Work.
Sheep and the Forest Reserves. C. S. Newhall. Forum.
Spellbinders, The. William D. Foulke. Forum.]
Stage Reminiscences of Mrs. Gilbert. Scribner,
State Guards, Nationalization of. T. M. Anderson. Forum.
Trade-Unions, Am., and Compulsory Arbitration. Forum.
Trans-Caspian Railway, The. Henry Norman. Scribner.
War at Sea, Laws and Usages of. C. H. Stockton. Forum.
Washington and Lincoln. Lyman P. Powell. Rev. of Rev.
Woman's Education and Man's. C. F. Thwing. Forum.
World Conquest, The New. P. S. Reinsch. World's Work.
The Story of Assisi, By Lina Duff Gordon; illos. by
Nelly Erichsen and M. Helen James. Illus., 16mo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 372. “Mediæval Towng." Macmillan Co.
$1.50.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
A Treasury of Irish Poetry in the English Tongue. Edited
by Stopford A. Brooke and T. W. Rolleston. 12mo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 578. Macmillan Co. $1.75.
The Writings of James Monroe, including a Collection of
his Public and Private Papers and Correspondence now
for the First Time Printed. By Stanislaus Murray Ham-
ilton. Vol. IV., 1803-1806. Large 8vo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 509. G. P. Putnam's Sons. 85. (Sold only in sets.)
The Likeness of the Night: A Modern Play in Four Acts.
By Mrs. W. K. Clifford. 12mo, uncut, pp. 146. Macmillan
Co. $1.25.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
La Divina Commedia di Dante Alighieri. Nuovamente
riveduta nel testo dal Dr. E. Moore; con indice dei nomi
propri compilato da Paget Toynbee, M.A. 12mo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 557. Oxford University Press. $1.50 net.
The Prairie: A Tale. By Fenimore Cooper; illus by C. E.
Brock. 12mo, gilt edges, pp. 437. Macmillan Co. $1.25.
The Pathfinder; or, The Inland Sea. By Fenimore Cooper;
illus. by C. E. Brock. 12mo, gilt edges, pp. 463, Mac-
millan Co. $1.25.
The Lives of the Painters, Sculptors, and Architects.
By Giorgio Vasari; trans. by A. B. Hinds. Vols. VI.,
VII., and VIII., completing the edition ; each illus., 24mo,
gilt top, uncut. "Temple Classics." Macmillan Co. Per
vol., 50 cts.
The Inferno of Dante Alighieri: The Italian Text, and
the Translation of John Aitken Carlyle. Edited by H.
Oelsner, M.A. With photogravure frontispiece, 24mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 400. · Temple Classics." Macmillan
Co. 50 cts.
The Romance of the Rose. By W. Lorris and J. Clopinel ;
Englished by F.S. Ellis. Vol. III., completing the edition;
with photogravure frontispiece, 24mo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 260. “Temple Classics." Macmillan Co, 50 cts.
Critical and Historical Essays. By Thomas Babington
Macaulay; edited by A. J. Grieve, B.A. Vols. IV. and
V., completing the edition ; each with photogravure
frontispiece, 24mo, gilt top, uncut. "Temple Classics."
Macmillan Co. Per vol., 50 cts.
Our Village: Sketches of Rural Character and Scenery. By
Mary Russell Mitford; edited by Emma Gollanoz. With
photogravure portrait, 24mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 360.
*Temple Classics." Macmillan Co. 50 cts.
Sintram and his Companions, and Aslauga's Knight. By
La Motte Fouqué ; illus. in colors, etc., by Charles Rob-
inson. 24mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 218. "Temple Classics
for Young People." Macmillan Co. 50 cts.
66
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 41 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
The Rossettis: Dante Gabriel and Christina. By Elisabeth
Luther Cary. Illus. in photogravure, eto., large 8vo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 310. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $3.75.
Under England's Flag from 1804 to 1809: The Memoirs,
Diary, and Correspondence of Charles Boothby, Captain
of Royal Engineers. Compiled by the last survivors of
his family, M. S. B. and C. E. B, Illus., 8vo, uncut,
pp. 285. Macmillan Co. $2.
HISTORY.
The Historical Development of Modern Europe, from
the Congress of Vienna to the Present Time, 1815-1897.
By Charles M. Andrews. Student's edition, two volumes
in one ; large 8vo, uncut, pp. 900. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$2.75 net.
The Siege in Peking: China against the World. By ar
eye witness, W. A. P. Martin, D.D. Illus., 12mo, pp. 192.
F. H. Revell Co. $1.
POETRY AND VERSE.
Ad Astra. By Charles Whitworth Wynne. Square 8vo,
gilt top, uncat, pp. 125. John Lane. $1.25 net.
Poems. By Alexander Blair Thaw. 12mo, gilt top, uncat,
pp. 115. John Lane. $1.50.
In Scipio's Gardens, and Other Poems. By Samuel Valen-
tine Cole. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 174, G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $1.25.
FICTION
Gwynett of Thornhaugh: A Romance. By Frederick W.
Hayes, A.R.A. 12mo, pp. 442. F. M. Lapton Pab'g Co.
$1.23.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
The Philippines, the War and the People: A Record of
Personal Observations and Experiences. By Albert G.
Robinson. 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 407. McClure, Phil-
lips & Co. $2.
Sands of Sahara. By Maxwell Sommerville. Illus., 8vo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 162. J. B. Lippincott Co. $2.
The City of Chartres: Its Cathedral and Churches, By
H. J. L. J. Massé, M.A. Illus., 12mo, pp. 120.
Handbnoks to Continental Churches." Macmillan Co.
$1.
The Churches of Rouen. By Rev. Thomas Perkins, M.A.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 125. "Bell's Handbooks to Continental
Churches." Macmillan Co. $1.
"Bell's


1901.)
85
THE DIAL
HOCH DER KAISER.
MYSELF UND GOTT. By A. McGregor Rose (A. M. R.
Gordon). This remarkable poem, which made a sensation in two
hemispheres, and the recital of which by an American naval officer
at a dinner in New York nearly cost him his captaincy and em.
broiled the United States with Germany, is here presented with
appropriate and striking original illustrations by Miss Jessie A.
Walker. It is a work of art. Cloth, 12mo, decorated cover, 50 cts.
THE ABBEY PRESS, 114 Fifth Avenue, New York City.
OLD OCEAN'S FERRY, A Collection of Odd and Useful Informa-
tion for Nautical Travel and Strange Features of the Sea. For
Landsman and Mariner. Compiled by J. Colgate floyt.
BONNELL, SILVER & CO., 24 West 22d Street, New YORK Crry,
THE IDEAL BOOK. Reprint of this famous essay: Limited
Edition, 10 cts. postpaid. J. Theodore Adams, 125 W. 133d St., N. Y.
UNITARIAN LITERATURE Sent FREE by Post
Office Mission of the
Unitarian Church, Yonkers, N. Y. Address, Miss Anna L. Bellows,
Secretary, 119 Locust Hill Avenue, YONKERS, N. Y.
J. M. BARRIE & HIS BOOKS
By J. M. HAMMERTON
Royal 8vo, with portrait. $2.25 net
POLITICS.
Reflections on the Origins and Destiny of Imperial
Britain. By J. A. Cramb, M.A. 8vo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 315. Macmillan Co. $2.50.
SCIENCE AND NATURE.
The North-Americans of Yesterday: A Comparative
Study of North-American Indian Life, Customs, and Pro-
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7


THE DIAL
A Semis Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAGE
.
.
.
.
.
. 107
No. 352. FEB. 16, 1901. Vol. XXX. choice intelligence, and these, at least, will feel
that a score of notorieties might have been
CONTENTS.
better spared than this graceful poet and ac-
FREDERIC MYERS
95
complished essayist. The loss to our letters
of the living personality of Mr. Myers is of
MESSAGES OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
POETS. Annie Russell Marble
much the same weight as was the loss of Walter
97
Pater, and will be felt by much the same class
COMMUNICATIONS
. 100
of readers. He was one of the few men of our
Some Questions Suggested by Professor Wendell's
"Literary History of America.” Oscar L. Triggs.
time who had mastered the literary species
The Nine Great Authors of the Nineteenth Century. which we call the essay, and had vindicated its
Alexander Jessup.
right to be considered one of the forms of
OXFORD MEMORIES. E. G. J.
. 102 creative literature. His “ Virgil,” his “Greek
A MODERN ADAM AND EVE. Sara A. Hubbard 104
Oracles," his “Mazzini," and his “Tennyson
as Prophet,” are hardly surpassed in all the
SONGS OF MODERN GREECE. George Horton 106
range of our modern essay writing ; they be-
ESSAYS ON MUSIC AND MUSIC CULTURE.
long in the same category with the best essays
Ingram A. Pyle
of Arnold and Newman and Pater; they are
Finck's Songs and Song Writers. - Bellaigue's Mu-
sical Studies and Silhouettes. – Mrs. Moore's For productions to be read and reread in the spirit
My Musical Friend.
with which we read the great masterpieces of
RECENT BOOKS OF FICTION. William Morton verse, and they provide for us a similar quality
Payne .
. 109
of delight. A few of these essays constitute
Fuller's The Last Refuge. – Garland's The Eagle's the chief claim of Mr. Myers upon our affec-
Heart. — Griffis's The Pathfinders of the Revolution.
– Altsheler's In Hostile Red. — Benson's Who Goes
tions; but it must not be forgotten that he has
There ? - Fox's Crittenden.- Hewlett's The Life also given us, in his life of Wordsworth, one
and Death of Richard Yea-and-Nay.- Blake's The
of the best of critical biographies, and in his
Glory and Sorrow of Norwich.- Lee's King Stork of
the Netherlands. – Hayes's Gwynett of Thornhaugh.
“St. Paul," one of the most spiritual of our
extended poems.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
111
American expansion, and American leaders. - The
Frederic William Henry Myers was born in
closing years of the nineteenth century. - Sketches the Wordsworth country, at Keswick, Febru-
of two Presidents. - Thomas Sydenham, leech and
ary 6, 1843. His College was Trinity of Cam-
warrior. – Manners and customs of old London.-
London, Paris, and Berlin. - A pleasing story of a
bridge, where he remained for some years after
quiet life.-Life in the merchant service.-A book of taking his degree, both as fellow and as exam-
whales. --Some of the great battles of the world.-An
iner for the Moral Science Tripos. Like Ar-
argument for peace as against war. - Lessons in ra-
tional comfort. – A readable sketch of Eton college.
nold, he was for many years an Inspector of
BRIEFER MENTION.
Schools, but Cambridge continued to be his
114
home for the rest of his life. It was here that
NOTES
. 115
his literary work was done, and that he gath.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS .
115 ered about his home many of the choicest
spirits of his time, attracted, in the words of
the “ Athenæum” memorial, by “one whose
FREDERIC MYERS.
width of scientific interest and intensity of
For some unaccountable reason, the American temperament were completed by a memory and
press has ignored the death of Frederic Myers, a gift of exposition which was Platonic in its
which occurred as long ago as the seventeenth wealth of illustration and subtlety of humor,
of last month. We saw no reference to it at its magnificence and its mysticism.” Leaving
the time, and it was not until the arrival of England, under doctor's orders, last December,
the English journals dated January 26 that he went with his family to the Riviera, and
we were made aware of the grievous loss sus then proceeded to Rome to join his friend
tained by English literature in this death. Professor William James. It was in Rome
While in no sense a popular writer, Mr. Myers that he died, in the “ city of the soul” that he
had a considerable following among readers of had known so well in his earlier years, and
.
.


96
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
which had furnished inspiration for some of as his bave sprung to men's lips in moments of excite-
his finest verses.
ment and self-revelation, from the one fierce line re-
tained and chanted by the untameable boy who was to
The books of Frederic Myers are few in be Emperor of Rome, to the impassioned prophecy of
number; half a dozen titles practically make the great English statesman as be pleaded till morning's
out the list. There are the two volumes of light for the freedom of a continent of slaves. And
poems, “St. Paul” and “The Renewal of those who have followed by more secret ways the in-
fluence which these utterances have exercised on man-
Youth,” there is the study of Wordsworth in
kind know well, perhaps themselves have shared, the
the 56
English Men of Letters” series, and
mass of emotion which bas slowly gathered round certain
there are the three miscellaneous volumes called lines of Virgil's as it has round certain texts of the Bible,
“Essays Classical,” “Essays Modern," and till they come to us charged with more than an individual
“ Science and a Future Life.” But these six
passion and with a meaning wider than their own —
with the cry of the despair of all generations, with the
volumes belong to English literature, for they yearning of all loves unappeased, with the anguish of all
are among the sources of spiritual refreshment partings, beneath the pressure of separate eternities.'"
that the future will not quickly neglect. Per. Such prose as this is an achievement no less
haps mention should also be made of the share remarkable than is poetry of a very high order,
taken by Mr. Myers in the work called and patches of this royal purple are not infre-
“ Phantasms of the Living” but it is not for quent in the text of the three volumes of essays.
such work that he will be remembered, and, The wanderings of Mr. Myers in the morass
however imperative seemed to him the personal of psychical research resulted from a passionate
call to enlist in this will o' the wisp pursuit, it desire to secure to other men rational grounds
must be admitted by candid observers that the for the resting of their fundamental religious
psychical research activities of his later years beliefs. His own faith, of the transcendental
resulted in a loss to literature with no corres sort that feels no need of corroborative evidence,
ponding gain to science. Few men of our time was voiced in these stanzas from St. Paul”:
have seen with such clearness the eternal veri-
“Whoso has felt the Spirit of the Highest
ties of beauty and conduct; few have expressed
Cannot confound nor doubt Him nor deny;
them with such eloquence or with so convincing
Yea, with one voice, O world, though thou deniest,
Stand thou on that side, for on this am I.
an appeal to the highest idealism of which human
"Rather the earth shall doubt when her retrieving
nature is capable. That his superb powers
Pours in the rain and rushes from the sod,
sbould have been diverted into the field of un-
Rather than he for whom the great conceiving
Stirs in his soul to quicken into God.”
profitable speculation, and have undertaken a
But this inward illumination does not come to
task which was manifestly unworthy of them, is
a circumstance that must always be regrettable.
the many, who stand sadly in need of a more
material justification for their faith. This was
The best of the essays of this writer are
almost matchless in their effectiveness of con-
the thought that impelled Mr. Myers to sift the
struction and their beauty of expression.
accumulations of popular superstition, thinking
When in full sympathy with his theme, he has perchance to find therein the grain of truth
the power to impart both his thought and his
so deeply longed for by mankind. This it was
that made him find, as in the Messianic Eclogue
emotion to the reader so fully that they become
of Virgil, a truly prophetic utterance in these
a permanent possession. The elements of this
Tennysonian lines :
power almost elude analysis, yet we may easily
“And we, the poor earth's dying race, and yet
distinguish such features as the charm of the
No phantoms, watching from a phantom shore
writer's cadence, his felicitous use of quotation, Await the last and largest sense to make
and the cumulative effect produced by his
The phantom walls of this illusion fade
And show us that the world is wholly fair."
skilful marshalling of illustrative material.
This it was that made him end his essay on
An extract from the 66 Virgil” will help to
“ Tennyson as Prophet” in the following un-
make clear our meaning. After making a series
of references to particular Virgilian verses preg-
forgettable strain :
“If indeed the Cosmos make for good, and evolution
nant with emotional associations, he goes on: be a moral as well as a material law, will men in time
“ But there is not at any rate need to prove the es avail to prove it? For then they will look back on
timation in which Virgil has been held in the past. | Tennyson as no belated dreamer, but as a leader who
The force of that tradition would only be weakened by in the darkest hour of the world's thought would not
specification. The chastest poet,' in Bacon's words, despair of the destiny of man. They will look back
and royalest, Virgilius Maro, that to the memory of on him as Romans looked back on that unshakable
man is known,' has lacked in no age until our own the Roman who purchased at its full price the field of
concordant testimony of the civilized world. No poet Cannæ, on which at that hour victorious Hannibal lay
has lain so close to so many hearts; no words so often encamped with his Carthaginian host."


1901.)
97
THE DIAL
son.
racy. The earlier group found it almost impossible
MESSAGES OF THE NINETEENTH
to reconcile the lofty concepts of freedom and pro-
CENTURY POETS.
gress with the social and religious anarchism rife
Perspective is a prime essential of true vision. during the final contention, yet they never relin-
One merely conjures with the future when, at the quished their ideals. Amid the desperate scepticism
completion of the nineteenth century, he essays
of “Childe Harold” and “ Giaour,” one clear note
definite prediction regarding the ultimate place of
sounded :
"Freedom's battle, once begun,
its authors, either in specific rank or in comparative
Bequeath'd by bleeding sire to son,
services to the world's literature. Moreover, such
Though battled oft, is ever won."
valuations often change with the needs and moods
The boyish unrestraint of Shelley's “ Ode to Lib-
of successive generations. One age gives exclusive
erty” became softened into the calmer though vague
laurels to Socrates, Dante, Shakespeare, and Addi-
hope of “ Prometheus Unbound” and “The Cenci.”
The next, with equal fervor, urges the rival
Readers are familiar with the successive stages of
claims of Plato, Petrarch, Bacon, and Samuel John-
Wordsworth's poetic self-revelations, from the early
son. Poetry, no less than other forms of literature
hey-day of enthusiasm, followed by havoc of hopes
during the last hundred years, has had an unpre and beliefs, to the gradual attainment of a sane,
cedented list of aspirants for the Hall of Fame.
steadfast faith in ultimate freedom from all material
Possibly a later generation of readers, in the reac-
and spiritual shackles. The life-story repeats itself
tion from the hurtling baste of present life, may find from “ The Prelude” and early sonnets to “Tintern
some true “ life of the spirit ” among the submerged, Abbey” and “The Excursion.”
as well as the popular, poets of the past cycle.
Democracy has not been a stable institution but
In every century and nation, there have been
a progressive movement. Overthrow of political
poets of evanescent charm versus poets with per despotism was only an advance stage in its incep-
manent message. The former may excel in beauties
tion. Tennyson, the true exponent of the pulse of
of form, but they fail to win that lasting, reverential
the last half-century, embodied this thought in the
memory which signalizes the “vates," or prophet-
dedicatory stanzas “ To the Queen ":
poet. Dante, Shakespeare, Milton, Burns, Goethe,
“And statesmen at her councils met
— each had a mission and a message not alone to
Who knew the seasons when to take
the ear but also to the soul of his century. Elimi-
Occasion by the hand and make
nating all question of rank, we recognize certain
The bounds of freedom wider yet
prophecies, fulfilled or potential, spoken by the rep-
“By shaping some august decree
resentative poets in England and America during
Which kept her throne unshaken still,
Broad-based upon her people's will,
the last century.
And com sed by the inviolate sea.
Critics have noted that the period at the meeting
of centuries, arbitrary rather than logical in divi-
The democracy of these later decades, ever tending
sion of time, is often marked by unrest, contradic-
toward socialism and suggesting the abolition of
tion, and transition. Whether such symptoms are
constitutional monarchy and republic alike, is re-
psychologic or pathologic, it is not our part to dis-
flected in the songs and visions by Swinburne,
cuss. The Revolutionary movement, the last in the
William Morris, and their disciples, but their true
great triad of progressive world-forces, germinated
services to the poetry of the age will be noted later
in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and cul.
in a different message.
minated in the eighteenth. Its frenzied aftermath
Democracy was the fontal principle of the life of
in France, seeming to presage the overthrow of all
America, and her poetry could not fail to portray
new-established ideals of liberty and faith, produced
its emanation. The noble hymns of Emerson, the
the gloom and vacillation which ushered in the virile war-songs of Whittier, Lowell's famous satire
nineteenth century. Senancour, Lamartine, and
and his later Commemoration odes, can never be
Chateaubriand in France, Byron, Wordsworth, and
overlooked in a review of the poetry which inter-
Coleridge in England, mirrored the hope, quenched
prets the vital issues of the century. The term,
by despair, on this final battle-ground of the old
“ Poet of Democracy," has been accepted as the
and new political principles. The constitutional especial cognomen of that American author whose
reforms in England, which for more than a century
poetry is open to constant challenge, but his democ-
had doomed absolutism, had found recognition and
racy,
Whitman's message is bold, some-
prophecy of yet greater advance in the earlier
times blatant, yet vibrant with courage and elemental
prophet-poets, Cowper, Blake, and Burns, who was
worship. Delighting in the repetitive utterance of
emboldened to proclaim,-
“the word, Democratic, the word, En-Masse,” he
was also a loud herald of the second great principle
“But while we sing God save the King,'
We'll ne'er forget the People."
of the century, closely linked with democracy,
As the decades passed, with the surety that, despite
fraternity :
“I will make the most splendid race the sun ever shone upon,
the transitory horrors of its progress, political lib-
I will make divine, magnetic lands,
erty had become a fixed world-principle, the English With the love of comrades,
poets uttered their triumphant message of democ With the life-long love of comrades."
never.
.


98
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
In spite of the later revolutions on the Continent, of science and poetry, of Nature's law and man's
when human life seemed of less value than chaff, work. Emerson and Whitman, in most distinctive
the germinal movement toward democracy ever forms, announced the poetic harmony of all physical
commingled brotherhood with political rights for and psychic forces, —
the individual and the nation. This altruistic ideal
“For Nature beats in perfect tune,
has expanded as the political principle has pro-
And rounds with rhyme her every rune."
gressed, until it has permeated the spirit of nearly The two great English poets of the latter half of
all great poetry of the age. Victor Hugo, Heine, the century were marked adherents of evolutionary
Coppée, Tolstoi, have joined with English and method. Browning turned the lens of a scientist,
American authors in iteration of the gospel of with the intense sympathy of a poet, upon the
mutual, uplifting service. In his briefer lyrics, hidden motor struggles of passion and soul. Tenny-
and in the tender narratives of “Margaret” and son studied the scientific laws no less than the pic-
“ Michael,” Wordsworth testified to his close
sym torial beauties of the “Flower in the Crannied
pathy with the heart of the common people, to his Wall," while he also explored the manifestations
advocacy of social as well as political unity. “The of mind and heart. “Sordello” and “Rabbi Ben
Bridge of Sighs,” “ Apparent Failure,” “The Cry Ezra,” “In Memoriam,” and “The Higher Pan-
of the Human," “ The Vision of Sir Launfal," theism,” all witness “One God, one Law, one
such poems bear stamp of a century awakened, as Element."
never before, to fraternal and social service. Lanier,
Coëxistent with the political and scientific ad-
in “The Symphony," and Kipling, in his staccato
vance which had awakened the world from the
pleas for oppressed and submerged humanity, have
atrophy of the previous century, had come religious
given timely rebuke to that commercialism and
revolutions, extending with diverse radiations
competition which threaten death to the spirit of
through the entire nineteenth century. In the
brotherhood.
main, the progress of theological thought has been
One of the anterior influences which gave impetus
in accord with the affiliated principles of freedom
to democracy was the increase, during the eighteenth
and scientific law. Mr. Allen's story in poetic
century, of scientific knowledge among all classes.
prose is a fitting climatic expression of the evolu-
This propagation, through English and French en-
tionary, religious leaven of the century. There have
cyclopædic and philosophic channels, reached its
been, however, occasional reactionary symptoms,
natural culmination in the famous expositions dur-
like the Tractarian and other ecclesiastic move-
ing the middle decades of the century. Dangers
ments, which have caused doubts and recessions,
of materialism and spiritual chaos lurked about the
often reflected in the poetry of the last half-century.
tenets of Darwin and Huxley, Spencer and Mill, Perhaps no poet sought more earnestly than Clough
until the years could fuse and interpret, could re to find and transmit a religious message to his age.
place the shattered illusions with new joy and sat-
Lacking the emotional equipoise of Arnold, with
isfaction in fixed laws controlling Nature and life.
whom he shared the disturbing influences of Ox-
To wisely apply such scientific knowledge and
ford, he made a valiant fight against the refuge of
method to all phases of the century's life, poli-
agnosticism, and spent himself in a struggle to rec-
tics, economics, religion, - became the mission of
oncile religious uncertainties with spiritual vision
the poets no less than the philosophers and reform-
and aspiring life. Over the doubt shines a rare
In place of the social anarchism of Godwin,
spiritual fervor, rapturous in “Easter Day" and
the political and religious despair of Byron, and
Through a Glass Darkly.” Clough found the
the embryonic yet unfulfilled philosophy of Cole-
panacea for religious gropings in the message of
ridge, came into life and poetry the surety of a
"Qui Laborat, Orat," a strong poetic rendering of
scientific law which could satisfy both the reason
and soul. With a mind plastic to the premonitions
Carlyle’s Gospel of Work.
of the future as well as the influences of the past,
Tennyson, prone by nature to speculation, infla-
Shelley had yearned to the last for that “Spirit of
enced yet more by the religious atmosphere of
the Universe,” that vast “ Force-Idea," so soon to
unrest and by personal grief, traversed successive
be vested with new scientific insight and reverence.
mental stages, from the vacillation of “ The Two
Voices” to the acceptance with —
A sincere, persistent zeal for the deep facts and
laws pervaded poetry and produced the so-called
“Faith that comes of self-control
The truths that never can be proved,"
realism of Wordsworth, Arnold, Clough, and their
followers. A new poetic imagination, combining which forms the message of “In Memoriam " and
the real and the ideal, was symbolized in Words of his later poems. With Clough, Tennyson em-
worth’s “Skylark,"
phasized the religion of effort, first, to surpass our
“Type of the wise who soar but never roam,
“dead selves,” second, to perform some service for
True to the kindred points of Heaven and Home." the world. The pivotal note in his great elegy
In “The Spanish Gypsy," as in her later novels, rests upon this gospel; then bursts forth the New
George Eliot applied this spirit of science in the Year's carol, merging individual loss and doubt
analysis of character and in ethical teaching. beneath hopes for a nobler world-religion.
Matthew Arnold proclaimed the ultimate blending Browning, with a child-like, unquestioning trust,
ere.


1901.]
99
THE DIAL
man.
akin to that of Whittier, expends none of his and dwarf the soul. In workmanship, whether as
matchless analysis upon religious dogmas, but pro rejuvenators of some forgotten fancy and metre,
claims, as basis of his creed, a militant knowledge or as creators of some new beauty under familiar
born of dauntless faith. In Tennyson's strongest form, the century's poets of pure art have merited
assurances, his chosen words are “hope” or “be high praise. A generation which could produce
lieve "; Browning and Whittier fearlessly exclaim, “ The Blessed Damozel," "The Earthly Paradise,"
“I know.” It were difficult to long cherish doubt and “Atlanta in Calydon," to mention no further,
when under the spell of “Abt Vogler” or “ Para has already attained rank among the great master-
celsus":
artists in verse.
“I know, I felt, (perception unexpressed,
One could easily enumerate a long list of themes,
Uncomprehended by our narrow thought,
touching the minds, morals, emotions, and tastes
But somehow felt and known in every shift
And change in the spirit, – pay, in every pore
of this age, upon which the poets of the century
Of the body, even,) – what God is, what we are,
have spoken with oracular force. There remains,
What life is – how God tastes an infinite joy
however, one characteristic, perchance the most
In infinite ways - one everlasting bliss
comprehensive and important, surely the most uni-
From whom all being emanates, all power
Proceeds; in whom is life forevermore,
versal, trait of the poets. A keen observation,
Yet whom existence in its lowest form
mingled with an intimate sympathy for Nature, is
Includes; where dwells enjoyment there is he." noted alike among realists and romanticists, among
Browning's religion, however, is not confined to
the earlier and later poets with cumulative fervor.
The eighteenth century initiated this relationship
faith; it has a major passionate strain. All life is
a conflict, a battle between “the spirit's true en.
between humanity and the sanative lessons of wave
and wind, bird and flower. The spread of science
dowments” and the forces of evil within and about
It is this quality of unceasing, strenuous
merely gave new and definite impetus to the ideals
struggle, always with a guarantee of victory for
already bespoken by Rousseau and the Sentimen-
talists, by Cowper and Crabbe, by Thomson and
the good soldier, that gives to his poems a dramatic
energy capable of triumph over obscurities and
Young. Logical observation and health-inspiring
wilful laxities which would be unpardonable in any
comradeship, with ever increasing unity, have per-
lesser poet. The same “drum-taps” of robust,
meated the poetry of the century from Wordsworth
to Watson.
zealous life, “immense in passion, pulse, and
American poets must rest their claim
power," give vitality and far-reaching force to the
to recognition largely upon their intuitive, delicate
stanzaic messages of Whitman and Kipling.
Nature-lyrics. The poet has served a special mission
Wbile modern life, with its strenuousness, its
in an age of science. He has combined the quali-
ties of analyst and artist; he has urged communion
zeal for newness and thrill in thought and emotions,
as well as study. Viewed thus, not alone as an
its pride in political, scientific, and religious advance
element but also as a presence, Nature offers,
unequalled in any previous century, bas bad full
through the poets, the only possible expansion of
reflection in the poetry of the age, there has been
life in its entirety, the only unassailable fount of
a revival, no less unprecedented, of the ideals and
religious teaching. “Saul,” one of the master-
forms of earlier art and thought. The universal
message of poetry as an art has been as distinctly
poems of the century, is a noble embodiment of this
uttered as the problems and aspirations of present-
truth. Through the sensuous, life-bestowing media
of Nature's images, the king's shattered mind re-
day activity. Browning, Tennyson, and Morris
gained its poise and God-recognizing power.
have chosen the symbolism and atmosphere of
Glancing over the poetry of the cycle, we recog.
medievalism, the ideals and traditions of chivalry
nize that much has been crude and ephemeral, much
and the Renaissance, as media for strong social
warnings and prophecies. To re-study and re-picture
has been potent and energizing. There have been
the beauties of fancy and noble life among the
produced no great dramas, no great epics, but the
Greeks, the Norsemen, and the disciples of chivalry
record contains a few noble elegies, some matchless
and monasticism, with the masterly skill of Landor,
sonnets, character-portrayals unsurpassed in real
Keats, Rossetti, and Swinburne, is to perform no
vitality, and a vast number of lyrics whose fancy
small service for the literature of an age too prone
and melody admit of no competition in previous
centuries. Five great names, at least, deserve
to forget the past in pressure of current interests.
rank beside the prophet-poets of the past,— Words-
Prince of the poets who sought relief from the
confusions of his own age in the reposeful glories
worth, Shelley, Keats, Tennyson, and Browning.
There have been poems of doubt and despair, mes-
of past art, is Keats. Amid the social and religious
ferment about him he spoke the reactionary mes-
sages of agnosticism and futility of effort, but the
passing decades have proclaimed less unrest, more
sage of art as the true guide toward a life where
truth and beauty could be identical. His place
faith, less heart-eating apathy, more soul-stimulating
conflict for the individual and the race,
and mission in the century's literature closely re-
“By the pain-throb, triumphantly winning intensified bliss,
sembles Ruskin’s. The new century may well heed
And the next world's reward and repose, by the struggles
their warnings against such absorption in commer in this."
cialism and science as will shrivel the artistic faculty
ANNIE RUSSELL MARBLE.


100
(Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
99
Trace the influence of “the tongue that Shakespeare
COMMUNICATIONS.
spake and the faith and morals which Milton held"
upon the German settlers in Chicago or upon the Ne-
SOME QUESTIONS SUGGESTED BY PROFESSOR
groes of the South. How much do race and environ-
WENDELL'S “LITERARY HISTORY OF AMERICA." ment modify the primary effects of language?
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
(2) Do you accept the substitution of the phrase,
On the strength of the editorial in THE DIAL of “ English Literature in America,” for the common des-
Dec. 16, I have been reading Professor Wendell's ignation, “ American Literature"? Would you speak
Literary History of America,” and I quite agree with
likewise of French Art in America or German Music
you that Professor Wendell in this book “has produced
in America?
incomparably the best history of American Literature (3) Is it more profitable - as more rational — to
thus far written by anybody.” It is, in many respects,
study American Literature as an independent develop-
a profound book. It is at all times a readable book. ment, correlating our own literature and history, or as
Its characterization of movements and authors is well a dependent literature, with emphasis upon the tradi.
nigh absolute — with the exception perhaps of its treat-
tional and imitative features and its correspondence to
ment of Poe and Whitman, the two doubtful members English literature? (I shall here point to the ease of
of the American school, who ought to be given at this making comparison by the use of Ryland's and Whit-
time, one would think, the benefit of the doubt. But comb's “Outlines,” and also to Professor Wendell's
with all its merits it is still a debatable book, and I satirical remark concerning Prince's History of New
have set down, without elaboration, some of the points England, which began its account with “an epitome of
about which there might be dispute.
the most remarkable transactions and events abroad,
In the first place the series of literary histories, of from the creation.")
which this volume is one, was conceived by a European (4) Do you prefer to say the United States are or
from a European point of view. In the foreword of the United States is? Is this merely a question of
the series one reads of “the conflict of dynasties," “ the grammar? Would the study of English Literature in
popular panorama of kings and queens, « the quarrels
America affect the idealism of one who persists in
of rival parliaments,"
," — which, it is said, have hitherto speaking of the United States as plural?
engrossed the attention of historians. On this ground (5) In discussing the literary history of America is it
there is surely no reason for a literary history of sufficient to consider only what is written in the English
America. Not having been dazzled by kings and queens, language? Is it fair to ignore the French literature of
our historians — notably Parkman, Eggleston, Roose-
Louisiana? Would Rosenfeld's sweat-sbop poems, writ-
velt, and Fiske — have done full justice to every phase ten in Yiddish, bave any bearing upon American history?
of our national development, including the intellectual (6) Does the actual history of America, as recorded
and artistic. In the same preface it is written that by John Fiske, betoken “national inexperience "? Does
“ in spite of history, the poets are the true masters of England exhibit any less “ inexperience” than America
the earth," and that “if all record of a nation's progress in respect to those forces which are shaping the modern
were blotted out, and its literature were yet left us, world in both hemispheres? How much of England's
might we not recover the outlines of its lost history?” substantial experience is due to the survival of the
In view of the fact that no American poet, with possibly feudal traditions down to and including Tennyson?
one or two exceptions, has ever mastered any portion Was not the revolutionary literature of England due to
of this earth—our expansion being frankly materialistic, England's inability to have a genuine revolutionary ex-
even “imperialistic,” if you please, and not travscen- perience? Would the meagre revolutionary literature
dental — the first claim seems preposterous, and the
of France indicate “national inexperience
other suggestion is denied by the very evidence of this (7) In a literary history of America how much atten-
present literary history. Two centuries of American tion should be given to local phases of thought, such as
history, a period big with events, are almost without Boston Unitarianism and Transcendentalism?
literary record, and of the 518 pages of this volume, (8) Do you agree with Professor Wendell in his ex-
479 deal with Boston and New England and what is planation of the growth of “imperialism" in England
called here the “ Middle States” (with the western
and America?
boundary at Philadelphia !). A poor hurried section I consider it the function of a pedagogue to put
of thirty-nine pages is devoted to the South and the questions — as it is perhaps the function of a historian
rest of the United States ! This denotes either that
of literature to arouse them.
Professor Wendell happens to know more about Boston
OSCAR LOVELL TRIGGS.
than about the rest of the Republic, or that the propo University of Chicago, February 5, 1901.
sition that our literature is equivalent to our history is
false. The fact is that the intellectual life of Ameri-
cans is not confined by the walls of colleges or by the
THE NINE GREAT AUTHORS OF THE
pages of books. The Men who Do are with us far
NINETEENTH CENTURY.
more intellectual, energetic, and creative, than the Men
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
who Write. Boston Unitarianism and Transcendental Mr. Jackson Boyd's communication in the Jan. 16
ism are not of much moment compared with the Win number of THE DIAL on “ Ten Great Authors of the
ning of the West.
Century” might perhaps better have been deferred
There are other points of Professor Wendell's own to a later issue, so that he could have had time and
statement that are also debatable. I have jotted down opportunity to profit by Mr. Charles Leonard Moore's
a few to present to a class which has the volume under statement in the same number: “ The most aggravating
review.
of all critics is the critic who asserts. Positivism
(1) Is it true that the ideals of a nation are shaped would seem, from his article, to be Mr. Boyd's philos-
by the language it adopts for a common medium? | ophy of literature, if not of life. Certainly his state-
" also?


1901.)
101
THE DIAL
66
ments have the merit of certitude and conviction, in title of “the greatest short-story teller of the century,"
spite of their very evident defects from the standpoint however, -as, for example, Robert Louis Stevenson,
of “things as they are."
who, though inferior to the Frenchman in form and
Mr. Boyd's article calls Schopenhauer, Comte, Dar structure, surpasses bim in the richness and charm of
win, Spencer, Marx, Ward, Eliot, de Maupassant, Tol his style, and is ethically stronger at all points. And
stoi, and Bentham “the preëminent authors of the Poe and Hawthorne ! The author of « The Cask of
nineteenth century.” Thus he does not give a list of “the Amontillado,” and the man who wrote “Wakefield"
greatest influences of the century,” or “the greatest and “David Swan," have produced almost if not quite as
men of the century," but of “the greatest authors of the great short stories as bave ever been written in French.
century," — in short, the greatest writers of literature. “ Count Leo Tolstoi [is] the most artistic novelist
Mr. Boyd goes somewhat beyond necessity when he [the world has ever produced]." I am as much sur-
says: Schopenhauer is the greatest metaphysician prised at this statement as the author of " Anna Kare-
that ever lived.” He had need only to prove that he nina” himself would be, if he heard of it. “God's
was the greatest metaphysician of the nineteenth cen moral” is what he is after, and he often shows it, -
tury, to prove his greatness as a nineteenth century seldom artistically, more often with evident effort. As
metaphysician. But Schopenhauer might be “the far as form goes, he is huge and structureless.
greatest metaphysician that ever lived,” or ever will “One of the greatest authors of all time is Jeremy
live, and still fail to be one of “the preëminent authors Bentham.” The writings of Jeremy Bentham have no
of the nineteenth century”. one of the makers of lit literary merit whatever. His style is turgid, involved,
erature. Literature has no final (only an accidental) and obscure. Even as knowledge they have been largely
relation with metaphysics.
superseded.
He says, of science, “Charles Darwin was the most And now, having tried to set aside Mr. Boyd's list of
argumentative mind of the century." What of it? “the preëminent authors of the nineteenth century,"
“ Literature is the presentation of life in an artistic what have I to offer in its place?
form. No man of science has ever been an artist, al Who will dispute that Browning and Tennyson are
though some, as, for example, Darwin and Huxley, the greatest poets of the nineteenth century, and two of
bave been believed by their friends to have been such.” the greatest poets of all time?
Thus Mr. Clement K. Shorter, and “the consensus of No historian, essayist, or other writer in prose other
critical opinion " upholds his position.
than fiction, except John Ruskin, has attained to the
“ Herbert Spencer is the greatest Individualist of the first rank in literature in the nineteenth century. But
race." Perhaps he is the greatest “individual" of the his, at its best, magnificent style, like the peals of some
race. He is certainly great in his sphere; but as a “grand organ harmony” swelling, helps lift his work
writer of literature he has surprisingly little to offer. away from the mere writing of knowledge, “discussion
Karl Marx is one of the “master-minds of man." and conflict,” up to the “eternal peaks of pure litera-
But he is not one of the master-minds of literature. ture." John Ruskin ranks among the nine great authors
His claims to literary greatness may be dismissed with of the nineteenth century,” in spite of the fact that his
the statement that he was “a famous German socialist.” work is, mostly, not included in any of the three great
W bat has that to do with literature ?
forms of literary art.
• Lester F. Ward is the most practical philosopher In fiction, Balzac and George Meredith are the great-
the century has produced.” As “practical philosophy's' est novelists, wbile the short story has four equalities,
connection with literature is of the remotest, we need, – Poe, de Maupassant, Hawthorne, and Stevenson. In
perhaps, say no more about Mr. Ward's literary claims Robert Louis Stevenson we have both a writer of short
to “real greatness."
stories of the very first rank (« Will o' the Mill,”
“George Eliot is the only writer of light literature “ Markheim," “ Thrawn Janet "), and also a novelist
who has any claim to real greatness.” “It is indeed a who, in at least one of his tales, “ The Strange Case of
discovery," writes Brander Matthews in “ Aspects of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,” gives us a story worthy to
Fiction," “ to find that any man able to read and write be ranked with the greatest fiction of the century - of
is capable of classifying as · light literature' the acute all time. Balzac is probably the greatest novelist of
and subtle study of the process of Tito's steady moral the world, and immeasurably bis superior in all the
disintegration under recurring temptation.” The ref- "amenities of style” is Meredith. In technique, if in
erence, of course, is to George Eliot's “ Romola.” The technique only, Meredith is without a peer, while "the
same statement applies with about equal force to George body of his work” is also most satisfactory. Professor
Eliot's other work. It is also, indeed, a discovery to Saintsbury says: “When these two things coincide in
learn that “ light literature” gives anyone a claim to literature, or elsewhere, then that in which they coincide
“real greatness." But granting that George Eliot has may be called, and must be called, Great, without hesi-
other claims to “real greatness” than “light literature,” tation, and without reserve." Meredith's extreme jus-
surely the nineteenth century has produced novelists tification is in the future, while Balzac has already
greater than she, — Balzac and Hugo in France; Tback come into his own. The art of Dickens and Thackeray
eray, Dickens, and George Meredith in England. (except, perhaps, in their masterpieces, “ David Cop-
Guy de Maupassant is the most artistic story-teller perfield” and “Vanity Fair," — certainly less in these
the world has ever produced.” This is the only one of than in the rest of their work) is, as Mr. Howells has
Mr. Boyd's formulas to which we can give even partial recently shown, largely “ the art of a by-gone age.”
acceptance. The art of Guy de Maupassant, which Alfred Tennyson, Robert Browning, Honoré de Balzac,
produced such achievements of story-telling as “The
George Meredith, Edgar Allen Poe, Robert Louis Stev-
Piece of String,” “The Necklace," "Coward," and enson, Guy de Maupassant, Nathaniel Hawthorne, John
“ Little Soldier,” is certainly an art which, in mere Ruskin, these seem to me “the preëminent authors of
artfulness (I do not use the term slightingly), has sel-
the nineteenth century." ALEXANDER JESSUP.
dom been equalled. He has a few disputants to the Westfield, Mass., February 6, 1901.


102
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
lily, the aloe, and many plants unfamiliar to
The New Books.
eyes dimmed by the study of Greek roots.
The Doctor was something of an oddity, out-
OXFORD MEMORIES.*
wardly a droll, fantastically clad figure, but
genial and chatty in society. For zoölogical
Someone, Carlyle we dare say, speaks of
purposes he kept, in a great cage let into the
Diderot's books as “printed talk.' The de-
scription, which is a handy one and nowadays Danby gateway, a collection of monkeys, which
a mischievous undergraduate liberated one
widely applicable, nicely fits the Rev. W, night, to the general joy of his appreciative
Tuckwell's book of Oxford recollections, and
fellows next day. The wanderers were re-
very good talk it is, though younger noses may captured, after an exciting chase and some
detect in its earlier and even its later chapters perilous climbing ; but the Doctor was pained
a somewhat “ ancient and fishlike smell.” For by what he considered an affront to himself,
Mr. Tuckwell seems the Nestor of Oxonians, and his menagerie was eventually dispersed.
his memories going back largely to Oxford in
Buckland was the next savant of note at
the Thirties the Oxford to which you were Oxford. His lecture-room filled at once, not
driven in a coach (the “Tantivy," the “Reg. so much with students as with dons (attracted
ulator," the “Blenheim," the “Rival," and so
no less by the vivacity of his talk than the
forth), by a Jehu of the tribe of Weller; the novelty of his theme), among them Shuttle-
Oxford of Gibbonian “port and prejudice”; worth, father of the couplet
the Oxford to which Museums, Art Galleries,
"Some doubts were expressed about the Flood,
Local Examinations, Science Degrees, Exten-
Buckland arose, and all was clear as - - mud."
sion Lectures, Women's Colleges, and the like Buckland at first posed as regular and rec-
commonplaces of to-day were as yet innovations, oncilist, his earlier writings containing little
germinant or threatened, at which dondom to provoke the heresy-hunters. Then, in 1836,
gravely shook its head, scenting heresy and appeared his Bridgewater Treatise, and stones
schism, and the intrusion of ideas subversive from orthodox slings at once flew about his
of scholastic standards, learned reputations, offending and disregarding) head. Dean
the reign of the Humanities, and fat livings. Gaisford of Christchurch thanked God on the
Science especially, with its bold pretensions, fossil-hunting professor's departure for Italy.
was, as Gambetta said of clericalism, felt to be “ We shall," he comfortably thought, “ hear
“the enemy." Conservatism hated it because no more of his geology.” Pusey, blinking
it was new; orthodoxy because, like the inven- anxiously at the new light, bustled about warn-
tor in Dickens, it persisted in “ wanting to ing men to avert their eyes from it, and or-
know." Even men like Jowett, says our ganizing a protest against the proposed degree
author,
for Professor Owen; the saintly Keble clenched
“ Proclaimed war on it on behalf of the ancient a bitter plea against the new science with the
studies,' as encroaching on and menacing the higher powerful argument worthy of patristic days
conception of knowledge and of the mind,' as antago-
that “when God made the stones he made the
nistic to morals and religion' – curiously unaware
that their own avowed ignorance of its nature, subjects,
fossils in them."
tendencies, precluded them from forming, much more Buckland had a most efficient and zealous
from expressing, an opinion.”
helper in his wife. From her, says Mr. Tuck-
Science, however, persisted in its efforts to well, came the first suggestion as to the true
break into the sanctuary with (as its enemies
character of the lias coprolites.
might have said) “ a jemmy"; and in the end “When, at two o'clock in the morning, the idea
succeeded. Molested was the ancient, solitary
flashed upon him that the Cheirotherium footsteps were
testudinal, he woke his wife from sleep; she hastened
reign of Theology ; broken the monopoly of
down to make paste upon the kitchen table, while he
the Humanities. The first representative of fetched in the tortoise from the garden; and the pair
note of the new learning was Daubeny – soon saw with joint delight that its impressions on the
Doctor Daubeny, professor of chemistry, bot-
paste were almost identical with those upon the slabs.”
any, rural economy, who wrote on Roman In Italy, as Dean Gaisford could not have
husbandry, experimented much in horticulture, been surprised to hear, Buckland went on
planting his famous “Physic Garden,” and pursuing the iconoclastic tenor of his way. At
building houses wherein flourished the Victoria Palermo he visited Saint Rosalia's shrine. The
* REMINISCENCES OF OXFORD. By Rev. W. Tackwell, receptacle was opened by the attendant priest,
MA. Illustrated. New York: Cassell & Co., Ltd.
and the relics
were reverently disclosed.


1901.]
103
THE DIAL
de
Thousands of believing pilgrims (such is the cussion was of course the event of the week.
efficacy of faith) had knelt before them and It took place in the large Library, which was
had their souls eased thereby and their bodies packed with expectant humanity eager as
healed, and had gratefully bestowed their always for a fray in which the blows were to
obolus on departing. But to the hard
But to the hard eye of be borne by somebody else.
the man of science and little faith the bones low presided, and by his side sat Huxley —
were not sacred, were not even Rosalia's hair jet black, slight whiskers, pale full
“ They are,” said he, “the bones of a goat, fleshy face, the two strong lines of later years
not of a woman ” — and the sanctuary doors already marked, an ominous quiver in his
were abruptly shut in his face, as Oxford doors mouth, and an arrow ready to come out of it.”
would have been before had Gaisford and the Professor Draper of New York, “eminent,
rest had their way about it.
serious, nasal,” read a paper on Evolution ;
Before taking leave of Buckland let us quote after which an irrelevant person rose to say
his Johnsonian retort to a North Briton who that all theories as to the ascent of man were
“ heckled” him during a lecture:
vitiated by the fact that, in the words of Pope,
“It would seem,' queried a sceptical Caledonian
Great Homer died three thousand years ago.
during a lecture in North Britain, that your animals To this Professor Huxley sarcastically declined
always walked in one direction ?' Yes,' was the re to reply; so the Bishop of Oxford, author of
ply, Cheirotherium was a Scotchman, and he always
an article in the 66 Quarterly ” denunciatory of
travelled south.'
Darwinism, and the accepted champion of
What the initiative and persistence of Dr. Orthodoxy, took the floor. The Bishop, says
Acland did for the establishment of Science
our author, was “argumentative, rhetorical,
and Art at Oxford is, or ought to be, well | amusing." He does not appear to have been
known. He settled there as a physician in dignified or profound.
1844, and was made Lee's Reader of Anatomy “ He retraced the ground of his article, distinguished
at Christchurch. His lectures began in 1845, between a "working and a causal hypothesis,' compli-
and a great impetus was at once given to the mented • Professor Huxley who is about to demolish
movement in favor of a Museum. It was felt
me,' plagiarized from a mountebank sermon by Bur-
that the old Ashmolean must be supplanted by
gon, expressing the disquietude' he should feel were
a 'venerable ape' to be shown to him as his ancestress
a temple worthy of the University. Economists in the Zoo: a piece of clever, diverting, unworthy clap-
opposed the proposal ou the ground of cost, trap."
the classicists fought it because it was novel, | In short, the Bishop of Oxford undertook to
and the theologians condemned it as a subtle upset Darwinism by making fun of it; and
device of the evil one designed to sap the the fun, being of a cheap and puerile order,
foundations of belief. Sewell of Exeter," more had no effect beyond tickling the ears of the
Puseyite than Pusey,” fulminated against it groundlings, and provoking a retort of unpar-
in a University sermon which was too bigoted liamentary severity.
even for the bigots, and which went far to Huxley rose, white with anger. • I should be sorry
convince sensible men that the hour for a de to demolish so eminent a prelate, but for myself I
termined stand against the bats and owls of
would rather be descended from an ape than from a
the corporation councils was come. To the
divine who employs authority to stifle truth.' A gasp
defenders of the Museum were soon joined
and a shudder through the room, the scientists uneasy,
the orthodox furious, the Bishop wearing that fat, pro-
men like Liddell and Professor Phillips ; and voking smile which once, as Osborne Gordon reminds
early in the Fifties the money was voted, the us, impelled Lord Derby in the House of Lords to an
design adopted, and the first stone of the new unparliamentary quotation from Hamlet.'
building laid by Lord Derby. Once begun, asked' Huxley went on, if I accept Mr. Darwin's
book as a complete causal hypothesis. Belated on a
the edifice “ rose like an exhalation,” glorified roadless common on a dark night, if a lantern were
by the genius of artists like Woodward, Burne offered to me, should I refuse it because it shed an im-
Jones, Skidmore, the brothers Shea, Rossetti, perfect light? I think not - I think not.”
Prinsep, Monro, Morris.
Happily the great Darwinian debate at the
The Museum's memorable welcome to the Museum was not without its humors. One
British Association was marked by the day of ominous pause was broken by the important
the great Darwin fight, when the opposing announcement of an elderly gentleman with a
hosts, led respectively by Huxley and S. Wil. Roman nose that Mr. Darwin's book “had
berforce, did battle over the strange hypothesis given him acutest pain.” A roar of “Ques-
from morn till dewy eve. The Darwinian dis- / tion!” overwhelmed him, and he departed and
"I am


104
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
was seen no more.
Another volunteer rose He chose “a complete set of the Fathers”!
from the back benches during a lull in the His mother used to relate how in the Long
storm, stepped smartly to the rostrum, and Vacations he would sit for hours in a shady
asked for a black board. This was produced, corner of the garden reading his folios, with
whereupon he, after deep thought, chalked two a tub of cold water at hand into which he
cabalistic crosses on opposite corners of it, would plunge his head whenever study made it
opened his mouth to speak, lost his intellectual ache. The immersions must have been frequent.
bearings, and stood vainly groping in the But we must now take leave of Mr. Tuck-
crypts of memory, until forced to his seat by well’s chatty and multifarious book, recom-
inextinguishable laughter, the thought he had mending it as an entertaining repository of
in him remaining, as Carlyle says, conjectural familiar talk about old Oxford, its ways and
till this day.
worthies, from the pen of a shrewd and sym-
Mr. Tuckwell's sense of humor and keen pathetic observer whose sense of humor and
eye for personal peculiarities lend zest and appreciation of the original or the eccentric in
freshness to his portraits of Oxford worthies, conduct and character brightens his pages and
and of these sketches his book forms a varied freshens his descriptions. It would have been
and amusing, and we dare say in their kind easy to make a dull book or a stale one about
pictorially faithful, gallery. The subjects Oxford in the Thirties ; but Mr. Tuckwell's
range from genuine notabilities, as Pusey, impressions, being both lively and his own,
Newman, the Arnolds, Clough, Jowett, Lid are worth recording. There are sixteen illus-
dell, Max Müller, Mark Pattison, A. P. Stan-trations, among them some quaint plates after
ley, etc., down to mere oddities, like “Horse" old prints and portraits.
E. G. J.
Kett and “Mo." Griffith, who were notable
mainly because they were odd. Mr. Tuckwell
has a good deal to say about Pusey, who, we
A MODERN ADAM AND EVE.*
suspect, attracted him more through his pe-
culiarities than his intellectual gifts — for there
Whoever sits down to the perusal of Mrs.
is a dash of caricature in his somewhat elab Albee's “ Mountain Playmates” will rise re-
orate portrait of this spectral and mediæval- freshed and exhilarated. There has been a
izing divine :
vivifying contact with a many-sided, cultivated
“Two things impressed me when I first saw Dr. personality, and what is more grateful than
Pusey close: his exceeding slovenliness of person,
the privilege of such exceptional companion-
and the almost artificial sweetness of his smile, con- ship? The subjects treated by the writer are
trasting as it did with the sombre gloom of his face when
in repose. He lived the life of a godly eremite; reading life, now the deepest questions that stir an
varied, now the external affairs of every-day
no newspapers, he was unacquainted with the common-
est names and occurrences; and was looked upon with earnest soul. A sparkling humor lends its
much alarm in the Berkshire neighborhood, where an fascination to the lighter matters, while the
old lady mnch respected as a deadly one for prophecy,' graver themes lose no shade of interest from
had identified him with one of the three frogs which
the more serious manner with which they are
were to come out of the dragon's mouth. . . . In con-
trast with his disinclination for general talk was his
discussed.
morbid love of groping in the spiritual interiors of those
The “Mountain Playmates” are no other
with whom he found himself alone. He would ask of than Mrs. Albee and her husband, a “studious,
strangers questions which but for his sweet and cour inactive" and in their friends' account, “im-
teous manner they must have deemed impertinent.”
practical pair,” who throw their united energies
Mr. Tuckwell goes on to relate the Doctor's into the work of transforming into a congenial
attempts to play confessor with a surly groom summer home a long-abandoned farm in the
who used to drive him in and out of Oxford. Sandwich range of the White Mountains.
This man of Belial gruffly refused to have his Their means will permit of very slender outlay
“ spiritual interior” vivisected, and was finally for the repair and equipment of their new
abandoned by the baffled Doctor as a "repro- possession, hence their wits are called into
bate.”
active employment for the supply of necessary
In Pusey's case the boy was certainly father requisites. It was inexpedient to rob their
of the man.
When a boy (if such we may city residence of coveted rugs, chairs, draperies,
call him) he was once invited by his gratified etc., and search was instituted " in the garret,
father to select some valuable present commem-
* MOUNTAIN PLAYMATES. By Helen R. Albee. Boston:
orative of a prize-winning success at school. Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
:


1901.)
105
THE DIAL
the tool-house, and the corn chamber for pos The final strokes being applied to the in-
sible articles that could be made to serve a terior, the outer walls of the old house de-
needful purpose.
manded attention. It was decided to shingle
“ Was there a dissipated wreck of a table, I took it them. Adam early took a hand in order to
firmly in hand and said Brace up; I intend to set you hasten the slow progress of the carpenters.
on your feet again, and shall put new life into you:
Then Eve, who always wanted to do whatever
there is a happy future awaiting those who behave
themselves.' Was there a chair with an amputated leg he did, joined in without delay. It proved
or disintegrated vitals; a little surgical attention, a few such good fun the carpenters were dismissed,
stitches and supports, an iron tonic in the form of nails and the two “had beautiful hours together,
and screws, made another creature of it. . .With each seeing who could do the best work in the
such good-will and purpose did I apply myself to re-
formatory work that the lame and halt stood withont a quickest time.”
quickest time.” It was with reluctance that
limp, the infirm and decrepit assumed a jaunty air of they gave themselves a respite when both were
youth, the tramps of the corn chamber became useful tired out.
and reliable members of our household."
“Just hand me a few of those shingles,' he pleaded,
and in about three minutes more I shall have com-
The masculine partner in the firm of the
pleted my half of this course. During the brief re-
“ Playmates,” whom his companion individual-
prieve, I became so engrossed with my own end of the
izes by the name of Adam, doubted the pru line that we came nearer and nearer together, until we
dence of some of the lady's desperate aims at had not only finished the whole course, but had com-
resurrection, and there arose lively controver-
pleted several more. We did tear ourselves away at
sies waxing at times into actual opposition on
length, and I got eggnog, or fruit and wafers, generally
the thing that would take longest to eat, and we sat in
bis part. She scored a victory in every in the sbade wbile we chattered and laughed; and then
stance, as courage and invention deserve to do, we began the shingling again, which was only play, in-
and flaunted defiantly his own vindicated prin- terspersed with discussions on philology and Celtic lit-
erature between the strokes of the bammers."
ciple “that economy is the handmaid of the
art of living.” After skimming "off a coating Was it not all a pure idyl? It was bringing
of household articles, enougb, if spread thin, the ideal into the real. It was making poetry
to cover the bareness of the cottage” with the out of the prose of life. It was spiritualizing
help of the long-buried pieces ingeniously the material, an achievement constantly in view
brought back to life, the couple proceeded to of the “ Playmates," who strove to conform in
set up their penates in the new habitation in thought and deed to the third prime article in
the wilderness.
Adam's creed : to make each day and each
And now had they been ever so " inactive” event as picturesque as possible.
in the past they were so no longer. A second The cottage brought into harmony with æs-
tenet in Adam's complex creed was borrowed
thetic tastes inside and out, the diligent pair
from Emerson : " Labor is God's education." set to work in the garden, which experienced
The busy pair toiled with delightful earnest a similar glorification through the instrumen-
ness from this time on.
tality of seeds from the florist, and wild vines
“ The bandmaid as an advance guard preceded us
and ornamental trees and shrubs from the
with soap and mop, we following at her heels with paint adjacent forest. Everything grew with won-
buckets and carpenter's tools. We painted floors, derful luxuriance, because they put of their
papered walls, whitewashed ceilings. We repainted
and covered the furniture, adding curtains, portières,
own heart and soul into it. “ A miserable
and rugs to the cottage.”
little thread of a Virginia creeper,” for example,
wbich had been barely able to keep hold on the
The dilapidated old farm-house speedily as-
breath of life in its struggle against thwarting
sumed a picturesque aspect under the touch of
circumstances, under their fostering care threw
such informed and determined fingers. The
out stems and branches to the length of fifty
neighborhood was alive with interest as
feet or more in less than two years, covering
rational consequence. Visitors would say on
the front and sides of the cottage with a rich
entering the house :
green mantle.
“ Have you done anything new since we were here
last? We must see it.' Mark the wording; it was
6. What a beautiful vine !' people would exclaim.
never · Have you bought anything new?' We made
•What do you do to it? We have a vine that we have
it a principle never to buy the smallest thing we could
tended for years and can't make grow.' We love it,'
would be my reply; and then they would look at me
construct, and in consequence our talents in that direc-
tion became enormously developed. I, who had
with an incredulous smile, not understanding the truth.
known only the ennui of city life and social amuse-
But really there was no further explanation to give, for
that was all there was to it."
ments, bad never conceived of the pure joy this fresh
plaything brought."
A unique variation in the Playmates' diver-
а


106
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
in
sified experiences was the uplifting and re when a thing dies, death does not involve annihilation
moval of huge rocks which spotted their lawn
of the spirit within, but merely facilitates its progress,
at too frequent intervals.
“The gentle game
Nature calmly sees one prey upon another, assured that
the time will come, - and it is only a question of time,
of bouldering,” the lady pronounces it, and it when it will have less maw and more spirit. . .
began in this wise :
Remember, I do not offer this as final truth, but I do
“One says to another, My dear, will you come out
claim that it interprets the seeming warfare of good
just a moment ? I want you to keep your hand on a
and evil, that it gives me increasing peace of mind
bar; I have a boulder in the garden that I cannot
and happiness, and helps me to see a world not suffering,
manage alone.' The uninitiated partner thinks on the
but growing."
way out, “This is a queer thing to ask a woman to do; One may smile at the insufficiency of the ar-
this is a man's work,' which idea shows that she knows
gument, but the force and earnestness with
nothing about the game. She acquiesces, and acting
under directions, with very little expenditure of power
which it is presented command respect.
on her lever, she takes advantage of every slight gain
That Adam and Eve are gifted with the
he makes with his pry, and in less than half a minute artistic sense is early divined, but it is not until
they have laid bare to the sunshine that which is older, close to the end of her story that she discloses
and has lain longer buried, than the oldest mummy in
Egypt. This first triumph having been so easily won,
her identity with the inventor of the A bpákee
the newly admitted member of the Society for Exca-
rug, the manufacture of which forms an in-
vation becomes eager for another bout. A wily master dustry for the comfort and profit of women
will play upon the vanity of the neophyte, and will shut away in the lone farmhouses of New
render unstinted praise of her skill and dexterity. By England. Her account of the studious exper-
a proper stirring of her ambition she will ever be ready
iments which resulted in dyes and designs ap-
to lend a hand in an emergency. I know one such
teacher, who by dint of encouragement secured the propriate to the exaltation of the original
services of an ambitious pupil to exhume fifty boulders, crude hooked rug is as piquant and clever as
some of them weighing a ton.”
everything else she relates.
It was after much studying of the ways
of The “ Playmates” have dwelt three summers
plants and trees in the woods and fields that and a winter in their mountain home, happy
the chronicler of the “ Playmates" settled to in each other and in the simple wþolesome life
her private satisfaction the great problem of they have led with the quiet and inspiration
the warfare of good and evil in the world.
of Nature around them. “Let us go and do
While Adam transplanted young cabbages in likewise,” is the involuntary prayer of the
the garden, she unfolded to him the interpre- reader who is allowed in the pages of their book
tation of life to which the inequality in con-
a glance into their earthly Paradise.
ditions and the tragic struggle for existence
SARA A. HUBBARD.
in the vegetable kingdom, had conducted her.
It fills one of the most interesting chapters in
the volume. As she finds seeming injustice
SONGS OF MODERN GREECE.*
and real suffering present in the lower ranks
of being, she is reconciled to their prevalence One of the leading British reviews, in com-
among mankind. It is the law of Nature menting on Mr. Abbott's “ Songs of Modern
which she robs of cruelty by the supposition Greece," cites his rendering of “The Woman
that the germ of the vital principle of life, that of Chios” as proof of the allegation that the
which in man we call soul, exists primordially translator must have done his work poorly.
in the plant. It rises through ascending grades The writer for the review in question is evi-
of the organic world in pursuance of the pro- dently a layman with opinions of his own.
cess of evolution until it is fit to inhabit the The truth is that Mr. Abbott's translations
human frame. It then chooses the parentage are remarkably accurate and sympathetic.
and the environments that will best conduce They show evidence of his own familiarity
to its continued development. Its destiny from with the Modern Greek, and they have been
the beginning is to go on and on by successive touched up by the hand of Mr. Gennadius, for
reincarnations, each new form starting on a years Greek Minister to London, beyond whom
level with the highest point attained in its there is no appeal.
last existence.
In reading these translations, one must re-
“To my mind, this accounts for Nature's apparent member that the soul of poetry is rather asso-
indifference to the universal death and wanton des-
ciation than meaning of words, and that when
truction of life in the world. Death is a token of
growth – the means by which spirit escapes and makes * SONGS OF MODERN GREECE. By G. F. Abbott, B.A.
its ascent from one form to another. Knowing that New York: The Macmillan Co.


1901.]
107
THE DIAL
the association does not exist, the effect is lost. people, are many that are worthy to be trans-
- The Woman of Chios” calls up a picture of lated by a poet. Are there not sweet possi-
girls washing clothing by the sea shore, a bilities in this, entitled “ Maria”?
familiar sight in Greece from the times of “The star of Morn was just beginning to shine sweetly, the
Nausicaa down, and when a Greek hears it, air to pour forth its perfume on the fair first of May-
before the songs, the sports, and the dances commenced,
who knows what image it may bring up before when thou, Maria, camest forward first, first of all.
his mind? A little village perhaps, his happy “Thy hair fell in profusion o'er thy milk-white throat, and
youth, the fishing boats drifting by, the saucy
a fair maidenly rose adorned thy breast.
maidens with their lithe bodies and their swing-
“A year later I went the same way again, Maria ; I passed
by the desolate church where I saw thee for the first time.
ing paddles flashing in the sunlight as they
But, instead of meeting a pretty form, a heavenly, lovely
beat the clothes.
glance, my eyes met a white stone with a cross upon it.
Mr. Abbott has very wisely refrained from “Alone in the desert I knelt close by thy grave, Maria, and
kissed it gently. From among the scattered flowers I
rendering these songs into rhymed verse. He
picked one alone - & white, pure, and, like thee, virgin
has used prose in most instances and has thus blossom - and matched it to the one which thou hadst
been able to keep closely to the original. He given me from the garden of lilies for cruel remembrance:
the one an emblem of death, the other, of youth and beauty,
has rendered a distinct service to the student,
and of joy which, here below, is ever sister to sorrow."
as many of the words of vulgar vernacular,
Mr. Abbott’s accompanying text is remark-
which cannot be found in
any
of the wretched
ably clear and clean, and he has adopted the
dictionaries in existence, are thus defined, and
sensible method of representing elisions by
their actual use exemplified.
This is by no means a complete collection, style in such words as “ 'tis” and “ aren't.
means of apostrophes, following the English
but it gives, on the whole, admirably selected
The comprehension of the foreign reader is
examples in the various departments of Modern
thus facilitated.
Greek folk song, which is, in its entirety, a
An introduction and some quite searching
very rich and interesting field. Several omis-
notes, with numerous classical references, com-
sions are scarcely accounted for by the author's
plete a book that must be a joy to all earnest
explanation that he has "avoided including any
students of that true dialect of Greek which is
poems previously published in Western Eu-
known as “ Modern Greek.”
rope.” The previous collections (Passow, Fau-
GEORGE HORTON.
riel, Legrand, Marcellus) are either out of
print or difficult of access. Lucy Garnett's
work is next to useless from the fact that the
Greek text does not accompany the renderings. ESSAYS ON MUSIC AND MUSIC CULTURE.*
A large amount of space is given over to the
distiches, those rhymed couplets of which
Lyric song is the most accessible and widely
prevalent form of music, since it needs for
every Greek peasant knows a hundred or more.
performance no expensive orchestra, stage, or
These are extremely typical, but they would
be more worthy of the space occupied if a
chorus, like symphony, opera, and oratoria ;
yet, notwithstanding that the genius preëminent
little more care had been used in their selection.
in this sphere must rank with the highest of
A prose translation gives a poor idea of a
rhymed distich. In this case, perhaps the
composers, it is a branch of musical art that
original spirit could have been better conveyed
has always been inadequately treated by musical
critics. “Songs and Song Writers," by Mr.
by means of two metrical lines. Here are a
few of Mr. Abbott’s renderings of these pithy written with a view to providing a guide for
Henry T. Finck, is perhaps the first book ever
poems which are so useful to the Greek swains
amateurs and professionals in the choice of the
when courting:
“Even if thou wert a queen thou couldst not be more graceful:
best songs; and the author has embodied his
a flower among maidens, the pride of the neighborhood."
ideas, theories, and investigations in such a
" Mountains bloom not; birds sing not; for my love has manner as to make his volume a very useful
deserted me: mourn ye all."
abstract — a sort of omnium gatherum - of
“School-mistress, please permit my Helen to come out, that
I may see her for one instant; for my life is ebbing out.”
matters pertaining to the Lied.
“I want the sky for paper, the sea for ink to write to thee,
*SONGS AND SONG WRITERS. By Henry T. Finck. Illus-
my graceful one, all that passes through my mind."
trated. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
The dance songs being intended for occasions MUSICAL STUDIES AND SILHOUETTES. By Camille Bel-
of unrestrained mirth are often risqué, some-
laigue. Translated from the French by Ellen Orr. Illus-
trated. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co.
times quite coarse. Among the idy Is and love
FOR MY MUSICAL FRIEND. By Aubertine Woodward
songs, so dear to the heart of the common Moore. Illustrated. New York: Dodge Publishing Co..


108
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
Although he dwells longest on his favorite tory of music and, more particularly, into the
song writers (Schubert, Franz, Grieg, and annals of opera in France. In fact, he is most
MacDowell), others are not dwarfed by an successful in his studies of the lyric drama,
overbalancing praise of these few. Indeed, it and what he remarks has the value of a keenly.
may be laid down as a general principle that felt personal impression. But the attitude of
in such books as this the legitimate use of the worshipper, although sometimes serviceable,
comparison stops at illustration and charac is not always the best for the critic; his up-
terization. As evidence that the author's opin- lifted eyes are too likely to see only the head
ions evince a thorough knowledge of the subject of fine gold, and to neglect the less noble parts
we have but to point to the masterly review of of baser material.
Schubert.
The chapters which furnish the most delight-
While there may be a few who will contend ful reading are “ Italian Music and the Last
that the popular purpose for which the book is Two Operas of Verdi” and “Silhouettes of
designed would have been better served by Musicians." Miss Orr deserves credit for her
some modifications in the way of both elision admirable translation; the style is clear and
and amplification, the volume can never be forcible, and, above all, she has the gift -
classed as a compendium of useless knowledge which few translators possess when the subject
about insignificant composers and antiquated considered is music — of always putting the
songs. Mr. Finck has treated his subject right adjective in the right place.
conscientiously and enthusiastically, from a
practical standpoint, and his treatise is just It has been pointed out that it would be a
what he intended it to be: a sort of Song- vast gain to the growth of taste, and to all
Baedeker, with bibliographic foot-notes for the forms of art among us, if the present ambition
benefit of students who wish to pursue the sub to write books on ästhetics might, in some
ject further.
greater measure, give place to more serious
To try what may be called the emotional and modest study of nature and standard art,
'analysis of music is to offer a direct and peril as a means of cultivation and for the sake of
ous challenge to ridicule and cynicism. In cultivation. In a volume entitled “For My
view of the inherent difficulties it may seem
Musical Friend,” Mrs. Aubertine Woodward
inappropriate, if not upwise, that Camille Bel Moore (whom we used to know as “ Auber
laigue’s volume, “Musical Studies and Sil- Forestier ") has compiled a series of essays on
houettes,” opens with lengthy chapters on music and music culture. Its purpose is to
“ Sociology in Music” and “ Realism and indicate how the rational methods applied to-
Idealism in Music.” The author's theory is
The author's theory is day in other branches of learning may be
that “to humanize sound” is the mission of brought to bear on the music lesson, how reck-
music, and that it has ever been the effort of less waste of time and effort may be avoided,
great musicians of nature to translate into and how music may gain its rightful place as
melodies, rhythms, and chords the impression a beneficent influence in daily life.
or the reaction of material things upon us.
Mrs. Moore properly expounds the theory
This theory is logica). Was it not because that to appreciate music we must possess a
Beethoven bad felt and suffered all that there definite and systematic knowledge of it as a
is in life to feel and suffer that he was able to foundation, and though she does not tell us so
strike chords more full of emotion and pathos totidem verbis, the real object of her book is to
than have ever been struck before or since ? spread the opinion that such a knowledge
Both of the essays referred to evince a tireless should form part of general education. It
study of the subjects, and are models of intel would be unnecessary to insist on the value of
ligent criticism; yet, after all, there is more this if it were not widely assumed that æsthetic
unembellished truth spoken in Joubert's words: appreciation is a mere matter of taste. The
" The more nearly a note or chord, a melody, chapters on “ Rational Methods of Music
rhythm, or sonority, touches a human senti- Study,” “The Technique That Endures," and
ment or a soul, the more nearly is it ideal, the “ How to Memorize Music," are alike readable
more nearly is it real, and the more nearly and instructive. Her work is pervaded by an
does it attain to the perfection of beauty.' enthusiasm which gives a peculiar zest to the
critical portions. The index of twenty pages,
M. Bellaigue has shown himself to be one of in addition to a table of contents, is almost
the most erudite of investigators into the his. I superfluous.
INGRAM A. PYLE.


1901.)
109
THE DIAL
modern art, but something approximating originality
RECENT BOOKS OF FICTION,*
may be predicated of a book that combines sugges-
Mr. Henry B. Fuller has a keen sense of the tions of Sterne and Stevenson and Mr. Stockton.
charm of the unexpected. He has essayed so many So peculiar a blend as this is not often met with,
manners that we anticipate some sort of a surprise and we give it welcome as a relief from the innum.
whenever a new book appears bearing his name. erable story books written upon conventional lines.
For a time he seemed to delight in the kind of There could not well be a greater contrast than
realism that is dear to Mr. Howells, and his skilful is offered by placing this book side by side with
handling of unpromising material elicited our some Mr. Hamlin Garland's latest novel. Mr. Garland,
what unwilling admiration when “ The Cliff Dwell we know by this time, will not surprise us, what-
ers” and “ With the Procession ” came to hand. ever else he may do. In “The Eagle's Heart” he
But the creator of Pensieri-Vani and the Chatelaine is the same plain blunt man that he was in “Main-
was obviously a romanticist at heart — albeit of Travelled Roads,” and has acquired little more of
fantastic and refined type — so that we are not sur-
art than he had at the outset of his career. The sense
prised to find in “ The Last Refuge a reversion of humor was left out of his composition, and of
to the romantic manner. The story opens enter the finer graces of style his work has remained im-
tainingly with the description of a certain Freiherr perturbably innocent. But he has other qualities,
of middle age, who finds his capacity for æsthetic qualities of earnestness and rugged force, that are
enjoyment waning, and who seeks a sort of vicari. impressive, and never made by him more impressive
ous rejuvenation in the companionship of a youth than in this straightforward story of the wild free
in whom enthusiasm is undimmed, and upon whom life of the Western cattle ranges. The cowboy
the primal impulses of life act with undiminished period of our Western civilization is fast becoming
force. To these two characters others are soon a matter of history, and Mr. Garland has done us
joined, each animated by a special idealism, and in a service in thus preserving its spirit in a form that
search of the conditions under which it may be real may make it seem real and vivid to coming genera-
ized. For one reason or another, the fair island of tions. There is even poetic feeling of a sombre
Sicily appears to the imagination of all these people sort in some of his descriptive pages, and a realiza-
to be the spot of which all are in search — to each tion of the elemental and abiding forces in human
of them individually it is a sort of “last refuge” in character. Of characterization in the minuter sense
a hitherto baffled quest. To Sicily they all repair, in which the art of the novelist understands it there
and their paths converge to the same ducal estate, is little or nothing. The people of whom he writes
where they find themselves gathered together under are not convincing presences — the eagle-hearted
the same roof, and where they indulge in artistic hero possibly excepted
- but rather lay figures
revels. We leave the reader to find out the nature decked out in such sentiments and attributes as the
of these diversions and the upshot of the somewhat writer thinks appropriate to them. In a word, they
singular relations that grow up between the char are not viewed from within, but rather from the
acters concerned. It must suffice as here to em outside, and with somewhat unsympathetic vision.
phasize the charm of Mr. Fuller's manner, and the Dr. William Elliot Griffis has written many ex-
fact that he has again (as in his first books) produced cellent books of popular history, and is well-equipped
something that almost deserves the name of a new for this work. But it is one thing to write a con-
variety of literary composition. No one can hope
No one can hope fessed history, and quite another to write a historical
to produce anything really new in literature at this novel, and for the latter task Dr. Griffis does not
late day and under the sophisticated conditions seem to possess the necessary qualifications, if we
may judge by his “ Pathfinders of the Revolution."
*THE LAST REFUGE: A Sicilian Romance. By Henry
B. Fuller. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
This book deals with Sullivan's expedition, made in
The EAGLE'S HEART. By Hamlin Garland. New York:
1779, into the country of the Six Nations, an ex-
D. Appleton & Co.
pedition which broke the power of the Iroquois
THE PATHFINDERS OF THE REVOLUTION. By William E. allies of the British, and proved an important fac-
Griffis. Boston: W. A. Wilde Co.
tor in the eventual triumph of the Revolutionary
IN HOSTILE RED: A Romance of the Monmouth Cam cause. The matter of this book is of great interest,
paign. By J. A. Altsheler. New York: Doubleday, Page
and Dr. Griffis has shown himself an accurate
& Co.
Who GOES THERE? The Story of a Spy in the Civil War.
student of the subject. But his manner, from the
By B. K. Benson, New York: The Macmillan Co.
point of view of the art of fiction, is not that of the
CRITTENDEN: A Kentucky Story of Love and War. By successful story, and he is obviously out of his ele-
John Fox, Jr. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
ment in attempting to write one. A single illus-
The LIFE AND DEATH OF RICHARD YEA-AND-NAY. By tration will suffice to make our meaning clear. A
Maurice Hewlett. New York : The Macmillan Co.
considerable part of the narrative is made up of
THE GLORY AND SORROW OF NORWICH. By M. M. Blake.
letters from the actors to their friends at home, and
Boston: L. C. Page & Co.
Dr. Griffis thinks nothing of beginning a letter at
KING STORK OF THE NETHERLANDS. By Albert Lee.
New York: D. Appleton & Co.
the end of one chapter, and continuing it into the
GWYNETT OF THORNHAUGH: A Romance. By Frederic
next. The composition must be sawn into equal
W. Hayes. New York: The F. M. Lupton Publishing Co. lengths, no matter what the artistic effect.


110
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
than may be found Kh the book entitled as in Hostile to
Mr. Altsheler is one of the best of our novelists being concerned with the war in Cuba, and having
of American history, but he has done better work the San Juan charge for its culminating episode.
It takes the popular view of that war and its heroes,
Red.” The fact that this is an older and shorter a view which the author evidently holds in all sin-
story revamped into a full-sized novel probably ac cerity, but which is possible only when we shut our
counts for its lack of proportion, and its extremely eyes to the mad passion which brought the war
uneven quality. It is a story of the Monmouth upon us, and to the sinister administrative influences
Campaign and the operations in and about Phila that shaped its developments. If we knew nothing
delphia just before the retirement of Sir William of these things, we should be carried away by the
Howe. The central situation is rather effective. fine enthusiasm of the book, besides being capti-
Two young Continental officers, having captured vated by its tender poetic sentiment. It is probably
two recently arrived Englishmen, are led by a reck as wholesome a book as could be made out of the
less impulse to assume the clothes and the characters material offered by our unfortunate war with Spain.
of their captives. Thus transformed, they make “ Richard Yea-and-Nay” is a work of fiction
their way into Philadelphia, and live for some days that seems in strange company when grouped with
hand in glove with the British officers. At the end the artificial productions of current romance.
It
they make a clean breast of the affair, and are sent is a book of flesh-and-blood, a book of marvellous
back by Howe, who is satisfied that they are not insight into a vanished historical period, a book of
spies in the ordinary sense. When they interview creative imagination in a very high sense, a book
General Washington on their return, they do not which possesses such distinction of style as few
get off so easily, and spend the following night modern writers have at their command. The judge
under guard, with the pleasant anticipation of being ment which has prompted so sound a critic as Mr.
shot at day break. Having had their scare, which Frederic Harrison to single this book out as pre-
is richly deserved, they are given their liberty. eminent among all the writings of the past year is
The love interest of the novel is supplied by the hardly to be disputed, and those who come under
daughter of a Philadelphia merchant, a young the spell of Mr. Hewlett's vivid pages must feel
woman who pretends to be a royalist, but is at that they are in the presence of veritable genius.
heart a patriot, and, as such, more than once in It is not too much to say that the figure of Ceur-
strumental in helping the Continental forces to de-Lion is now made for the first time a real pres-
carry out their plans.
ence in the world of romantic reconstruction of the
“Who Goes There?” by Mr. B. K. Benson, is past, a saying ventured with all due reverence to
the story of a spy in the serious sense, and the the memory of Scott, and of such lesser story-tellers
time is that of the earlier period of the Civil War. as have attempted to deal with this complex and
The hero is a young man who suffers occasional fascinating personality. And what we may say of
lapses of memory, which may last for months or Richard may be said with almost equal truth con-
years. One of these attacks comes upon him when cerning John and Henry the father of both, con-
he is within the Confederate lines, and, as a conse cerning the fair Jebane and Berengaria of Navarre,
quence, forgetting that he is a Union soldier, his and Bertrand de Born, and a host of other person-
recollections revert to the time of his boyhood, ages. It was the troubadour just mentioned who
which had been passed at school in a Southern fixed upon Richard the name that serves Mr. Hew-
city. He fights for a time in the ranks of his new lett as a title for his work, and the strange self-
found friends, when accident restores him to his contradictions exhibited by that masterful ruler are
Northern comrades and to the memories that had portrayed with a power that almost places this book
failed him. The psychological part of this study in a class by itself. The archaic and incisive char-
is rather clumsily managed as a whole, although it acter of Mr. Hewlett's diction is in itself a triumph
becomes effective when it deals with the mental of art, and the art is one so difficult that it comes
struggles of the hero to reinstate the section of as a sort of shock to the reader of easy conventional
conscious memory which he dimly feels to be miss romance. One thing is clear: this is no book to be
ing, but to which no clue seems obtainable. The skimmed, but one to be read word for word, and
fighting part of the story is given up to a great deal deeply pondered at that, if the reader wish to pos-
of the minute detail of skirmishing, and of battle sess himself fully of its import.
incidents as they appear to the individual partici Thin indeed, and hopelessly unreal, in compari-
pant; there are no broad effects, and there are no son with Mr. Hewlett's extraordinary production,
episodes of absorbing interest.
seems such a book as Mr. M. M. Blake's - The
The fourth American war story on our list is the Glory and Sorrow of Norwich,” which is yet a fair
“Crittenden " of Mr. John Fox, Jr. Here, at last, example of its class, and not so bad a romance after
is a book written in the spirit of art — not a great all. We would not make it suffer unduly by setting
book, by any means, but a pleasant one, and dis it in 'this unfair juxtaposition, and hasten to say
playing a talent for literature that sets it upon a that the generality of those who read historical
far higher plane than any of the three previously fiction for their entertainment will be likely to find
mentioned. It is strictly up-to-date in its theme, their satisfactory account in this tale of the days of
..
-


1901.)
111
THE DIAL
American
the third Edward, the French wars, and the Black
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
Death.
Mr. Albert Lee, who wrote “ The Key of the
Two historical works intended for
Holy House,” has again taken a theme from the ezpansion, and popular reading and instruction have
history of the Dutch uprising against the Spanish
American leaders. been written by Mr. Edwin Erle
oppressor, and produced, in “King Stork of the Sparks, associate professor of history in the Uni-
Netherlands,” a historical novel of more than usual versity of Chicago. One of these is given the
interest and merit. King Stork is, of course, the timely name of “ The Expansion of the American
Duke of Anjou, whom the great Prince trusted People, Social and Territorial” (Scott, Foresman
with such unfortunate consequences, and the story & Co.), and is a dispassionate account of the ex-
deals with Spanish intrigue, and the deeds of the tension of the English-speaking people over the
familiars, and the exploits of the beggars, all deftly North American continent, a preliminary chapter
interwoven with the private romance which gives or two introducing the more specific questions re-
unity to the story. But we feel all the while that lating to the United States. In the modern manner,
the real hero is William of Orange, and when that Dr. Sparks refrains for the most part from philoso-
heroic leader at last becomes the victim of the phizing. What philosophy is to be gained from
assassin foiled so many times we care little the book is hardly that peculiar form of pessimism
for the outcome of the book as far as the other which has been masquerading recently under the
characters are concerned.
pbrase, “ the higher morality," but it is of the sort
When we reviewed “A Kent Squire,” by Mr. which will give comfort to the advocates of that
Frederic W. Hayes, a few months ago, we com-
persuasion. In the later chapters of his book, those
plained that the romance had been hurried to a dealing with the recent assumptions by the Amer-
conclusion without resolving half of the perplexities ican Government of the policies of Europe, Dr.
in which the plot had become involved.
It seems
Sparks sees only obedience to laws which have,
that our judgment was over-hasty, for the author throughout history, governed the conduct and decay
never really meant to leave us thus unsatisfied, as of nations. Judging the future by the past, he
is now evidenced by his “Gwynett of Thornhaugb.” even prophesies the retention of Cuba as a part of
This romance takes up the threads that were drop- the territory under the American flag, with other
ped in the earlier volume, and proves a worthy dependencies to be governed in the European man.
successor to that fascinating production. Its period ner, while the United States lays off her garment
is the year or two following the death of the Roi of national righteousness for the uniform of the
Soleil, and it deals, among other material, with the soldier and the acceptance of the title “world
Jacobite rising of 1715, the last impotent efforts power” in the continental sense.
o We cannot
of Marlborough to turn traitor, and the whole web escape it," writes the historian, “because we have
of intrigue that characterized the early years of the
no desire to escape it.” The other book from this
Regency. The scene is mostly in France, and the same hand is styled “The Men Who Made the
adventures of Ambrose Gwynett are quite as sur-
Nation" (Macmillan), and is a history in the more
prising as “A Kent Squire” would naturally lead usual sense. The name given the book is slightly
us to expect. The Regent himself, however, is the misleading.
misleading. The various chapters bear each the
most interesting figure of all, and is presented to name of the leading American of one specific period.
us in a more favorable light than history would It is natural to think each chapter, therefore, an
seem to warrant. The suggestion may seem far. essay upon the individual whose name it bears.
fetched, but we have been more than once reminded Rather is the work a homogeneous whole, begin-
by him of the use which Mr. Sienkiewicz makes of ning with the voyages of Benjamin Franklin to
the figure of Petronius in “ Quo Vadis.” That is, England as the agent of the American colonies and
he says most of the good things, and is the most ending with the assassination of Abraham Lincoln,
attractive of the characters presented. It has the name at the head of each chapter serving as a
seemed to us fair to say that this novel, taken to means of identifying the precise era. The numer-
gether with its predecessor, comes
nearer than
ous illustrations in both 'volumes are appropriate
almost any other English product has done to re-
and interesting.
producing the characteristic charm of the romances
During the years from 1891 to 1897
of Alexandre Dumas. There is the same brilliancy
The closing years
of the 19th century.
Mrs. Elizabeth Wormeley Latimer
of invention, the same intimate familiarity with the
gave to the public six ample volumes
public and private life of the period concerned, and, on the history of the different nations of Europe
we regret to add, the same readiness to resort to during the nineteenth century. The volumes were
illegitimate sensational devices. Mr. Hayes had reviewed at length in our columns, and a favorable
no need of endowing his hero with quasi-miraculous judgment was pronounced upon them as being of
powers; he would have been interesting enough much interest and usefulness to the general reading
without them. As for the episode of the messe noire, public. Mrs. Latimer makes no pretensions to
we can only say that the grewsome picture offered historical research and disclaims technical training.
is only in part atoned for by the striking manner of But through a long life she has mingled in the best
the presentation. WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. social circles of Europe, and has thus been able to


112
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
tell the story of Europe during the century largely financier and his partial triumph over death in
from the inside, and with the grace that comes completing his wonderful memoirs, Grant's career
from such social experience. She has now issued is eminently human, and can gain nothing by con-
a volume made up of supplements to these books, cealment of the obvious facts. Both of the small
with the title “ The Last Years of the Nineteenth volumes are carefully printed and bound, charac-
Century” (McClurg). From the nature of her teristic portraits of their subjects serving as frontis-
task the author has not been able to invest these pieces.
brief supplements with the charm of the original
To that interesting series of biogra-
chatty volumes. They have been compiled from Thomas Sydenham, phies known as “ Masters of Medi-
newspapers and magazines, and from the notebooks
cine"(Longmans), Dr. Joseph Frank
of Richard Harding Davis, G. W. Steevens, and Payne now adds the life of Thomas Sydenham.
others, thus lacking freshness as well as the per Dr. Payne prepared the article in the Dictionary
sonal element. The volume is, however, of value of National Biography on this eminent seventeenth
for reference where the facts are undisputed, and century leech and warrior, and the present volume
some parts of it are full of interest for the story they is an expansion of that article, much more in detail
tell, especially the account of Lord Kitchener's and adding many documents complete from which
Soudan campaign. There is quite a complete nar insight into the life of the physician and his times
rative of the Boer war. Altogether, the book is a can be gained. The times, indeed, were interesting,
valuable one, and we are glad Mrs. Latimer has and few did more to make them so than the Syd-
added it to her series.
enhams. They were frankly on the side of the
Parliament, and Thomas left Oxford before gradu-
Two more of the compact, pleasant ation in order to take part in the border warfare
Sketches of
little “ Beacon Biographies” (Small,
two Presidents.
then waging in his native county of Dorset. Later
Maynard & Co.) are at hand, one
the field of revolt broadened and the exertions of
dealing with Thomas Jefferson, from the pen of
the Sydenhams with it. Of this family, five brothers
the Hon. Thomas E. Watson, of Georgia, and the
served on the independent side, Colonel William,
other with Ulysses S. Grant, written by Mr. Owen
Major Francis, Major John, and Captain Richard,
Wister. Mr. Watson writes a readable book, but
the latter in a civil capacity, ranging themselves
from the outset seems burdened with the thought
with Thomas Sydenham, — who himself gained the
that his space will not avail for a proper treatment
rank of captain, a fact which Dr. Payne has been
of his subject. He avoids controversy, and in doing
among the first to bring to the world's attention.
80 fails also to present Jefferson as the greatest
With this goes the further fact of service in the
original political philosopher this country has ever
second war, after a time spent in the rehabilitation
produced. “I have no space,” Mr. Watson re of Oxford. The wars over, the trooper went to his
marks in his preface, “ for his speculative opinions, study of medicine in Montpellier, and thence to
for his political theories, for his daring suggestions
London, where he accumulated an excellent practice
in science, mechanical arts, education, and state
and, in good part, prepared those treatises on dis-
socialism.” The collectivists have been saying that
ease which have gained him the world's esteem.
if Jefferson were alive to-day he would be of their
The book is in every way a worthy one.
number. Mr. Watson here goes further, and his
own views being well known, it seems a pity that
Manners and
In his recent volume, “London Mem-
he could not have hinted somewhere what it is in customs of ories” (Lippincott), Mr. Charles
old London.
the great individualist's writings that gives support
W. Heckethorn is not quite so happy
to “state socialism.” There seems to be a certain as in his preceding book noticed last year in these
lack of sympathy throughout the narrative. But columns, “ London Souvenirs.” It is, perhaps, as
the intention to be wholly fair and impartial is also full of valuable information not easily accessible else-
manifest, and nothing before the people to-day con where, and it has the distinct advantage of a good in-
tains so much worth reading in as little room, so dex; but the subject matter has not so much living
far as Jefferson is concerned. To devotees of the interest, since it is less a transcript of life, and houses
leader of the Northern armies, General Grant, Mr. and bridges and priories figure in it more than men
Wister's book will doubtless seem lacking in sym and women. Some of the chapters are, “ Horrors of
pathy as well. To lovers of mankind it will be a Old London Executions,” “Old London Hermi-
treasure, and the biographer has done an honest tages,” “London's Immortal Animals,” and “ Wells
and a daring thing in telling the truth. He gives and Springs in Old London," titles sufficiently sug-
the real reason why Grant left the army before the gestive of the character of the book. Mr. Hecke-
war, and shows him as he was in Galena in 1860, thorn has collected a great deal of matter of curious
a man without a future and on the downward grade interest and presents it pleasantly, although per.
in fortune. From that to the presidency, where haps at times his style has too much the air of col-
fortune did not smile upon him, traversing in the loquial carelessness. For the student of manners
meantime the heights of military glory, and subse and customs it will be of real value, and the general
quently receiving the homage of the world in his reader will find in it much to surprise him as well
extended tour, thence to his pitiful failure as a as much to give him occasion for reflection, so great
1 1 1


1901.]
118
THE DIAL
ener
and Berlin.
merchant service.
a
or
a change have a hundred years made in our ways ing from the pages of the books in which she mir-
of thinking and doing. Especially interesting and rors the life in these "pleasant places " where the
valuable is the concluding chapter, “ The River spirit of an age more devout than ours still broods.
Thames,” touching, as it does, upon so much of the The author has divided her narrative under the
living history of the metropolis of the world. chapter-headings Norwich, Wells, Exeter, Glouces-
ter, Bristol — each chapter thus embracing the
The brilliant author of “ With Kitch-
London, Paris,
period spent by Mrs. Marshall in the town indi-
to Khartum,
George W.
cated. In fine, the volume is a readable one in its
Steevens, succumbed to fever in the
siege of Ladysmith. Among his posthumous papers
unpretentious kind, engagingly written, and strewn
and some of his “Daily Mail” correspondence, he
with letters not uninteresting in themselves and
worth preserving for the sake of the signatures
left some racy writing descriptive of three great they bear. The pleasing illustrations call for special
peoples as represented in their capital cities.
notice.
"Glimpses of Three Nations” (Dodd) is the title
of a volume on London, Paris, and Berlin. The
We do not know if youths nowadays,
hundred pages devoted to the great world centre
Life in the
even in the sea-board towns, are so
are brimful of information about London as
commonly bitten with the yearning
hustling, bustling commercial city. One can almost to "go to sea” as were youths of a half-century
walk the streets and see over again the crowded
less
ago.
But to those who are so bitten we can
thoroughfares, hear the confused roar of the ve honestly recommend Mr. Frank T. Bullen's little
hicles, and experience the unparalleled prevalence book entitled “ The Men of the Merchant Service"
of dirt. The English people, however, almost en (Stokes) as precisely the one for them to read,
tirely escape characterization. Paris, on the other mark, learn, and inwardly digest, before setting
hand, is described in a characterization of its people. foot on the first ratline of the arduous ascent to
The boulevards, cafés, and races, are depicted in maritime prosperity. Mr. Bullen has aimed to
the manifold and multiplex French character, who supply the want of a comprehensive, readable, and
frequent such places. The author went about with so far as possible untechnical account of the con-
eyes and ears open, and with rare skill describes ditions of life in the Merchant Service, to which
just what he saw and heard in the great French the boy who means to go to sea, or who thinks he
capital. Berlin receives slight attention, but the might possibly like to go to sea if only he could
German people, and especially the army, come in get a fair notion of what sea-faring is like before-
for liberal treatment. Precision, plenty of time, hand, may turn with confidence; and Mr. Bullen
and authority, seemed to him to be about the most has succeeded, as usual. Conditions on steamships
striking traits of Germany. The Kaiser's army and sailing-ships (Mr. Bullen confesses to a pardon-
impressed him as the best organized and the most able predilection for the “ wind-jammer”), on
formidable among the nations of the earth. He “tramps ” and on liners, the duties and qualifica-
was apparently awe-stricken thereby, and sounds a tions of Masters, Mates, Bos'uns, Carpenters, Sail-
note of warning to England. Though somewhat makers, Stewards, Cooks, Able and Ordinary Sea-
scrappy at times these glimpses are good reading. men, Engineers, Boys” the entire personale
of the merchantman, in short, are discussed in
A pleasing
A touching account of filial piety | detail, and with the authority of ample experience.
story of a pervades Miss Beatrice Marshall's Mr. Bullen writes most interestingly, and his book
quiet life.
modest biographical sketch of her
stops a gap in sea literature.
mother, Emma Marshall (E. P. Dutton & Co.), a
popular and wholesome writer in the genre of domes-
No better title could have been found
tic fiction, whose two hundred or so volumes afford
for Mr. F. A. Beddard's really
a purer and saner form of enjoyment than the
erudite work than “A Book of
more highly spiced wares which the popular taste Whales ” (Putnam). Not only is it all it asserts
now asks for. In more than one regard Mrs. itself to be, but it is the first book in the English
Marshall's placid and uneventful, yet in its gentle language devoted exclusively to a popular account
way strenuous and earnest life, recalls Mrs. Oli of these large, useful, and good-natured beasts.
phant's. It was the lot of both these excellent | Mr. Beddard is convinced that the biggest of the
women and devoted mothers to ply unceasingly the existing species of whales, Sibbald's rorqual, is the
laboring oar in behalf of their loved ones ; both largest living creature of which the earth has record,
toileď on with unflagging cheerfulness to the end. not even the Jurassic period with its wealth of
Happily, public appreciation of the fruit of their monstrous reptiles having any brute transcending
efforts was not lacking ; so that in both cases one is it. While the work is sufficiently technical, it is
spared the painful record of actual privations and not without much interest from a purely popular
hope deferred. Mrs. Marshall's life was mostly point of view. A section devoted to the blood-
spent in the cool seclusion of cathedral cities, in the thirsty grampus, which fearlessly attacks its larger
shadow of their reposeful minsters, and within the cousins, has some of the fascination of Hugo's story
sound of the chimes which one seems to hear echo of the big squid. It is interesting, too, to read
A book
of whales.


114
(Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
-
A readable
on.
that evolution seems to point to the ancestral or dress, or during the time for exercise. Each of these
potential whale as being akin to the armor-clad topics forms a chapter of this pleasantly written
armadillo or pichiciago, possibly through the glyp book; and it seems certain that our civilization
todonts. As a whole the book is clearly written, would be advanced by the adoption of many of
it is a worthy addition to the “ Progressive Mrs. King's suggestions, even to the point of toeing
Science Series,” of which its author is the general straight ahead instead of toeing out. The best of
editor.
the teaching in the book goes to prove that comfort
“ The Red Badge of Courage” es-
and money are not necessarily synonymous terms,
Somo of the
great batlles
tablished the reputation of the author
a fact which makes all reform in our national
of the world.
of “Great Battles of the World” habits possible if it can ever be realized.
(Lippincott). Stephen Crane's vigorous pen pur-
“Eton ” (Macmillan), by Mr. A.
sued a brief but notable career. It is therefore
sketch of
Clutton-Brock, is a compendious but
with the greater interest that we examine the con Elon College. readable historical and descriptive
tent of the present volume. Nine great battles are
account of the famous school where Udall and
described with more or less detail. They are Bunker
Hill, Vittoria, the Siege of Plevna, the Storming celebrated in a poem that Dr. Johnson disparaged.
Keate flogged, and Shelley mused, and which Gray
of Burkersdorf Heights, Leipsig, Lutzen, the
This is the third volume in the “Great Public
Storming of Badajos, the brief Campaign against Schools” series, the object of which is to give a
New Orleans, and the Battle of Salferino. But it
brief yet for the general reader satisfactory account
is with a sense of disappointment that we lay down
of these schools as they are to-day. Mr. Clutton-
the book. The author in most of the cases is not
Brock outlines in his opening chapters what it is
the same vivid portrayer of events that we have
essential to know of Eton's historic past; but his
been accustomed to see in his other works. There
space is mainly devoted to describing the present
is a kind of unevenness in the style, almost a lack
of energy in places, that grows wearisome. But buildings, studies, usages, etiquette, sports, and so
The forty-six photographic plates are fairly
in a few cases, as those connected with the Swedish
Campaign, and the battles of Leipsig and Lutzen,
good in their kind.
there is more wholesouledness and movement that
grips the reader and carries him on to the end.
This posthumous work will not increase its author's
BRIEFER MENTION.
reputation, but it is a treasure to his friends because
Mrs. Margaret E. Sangster has her own audience,
it embodies some of Crane's last literary work.
gained by many years of careful, thoughtful work.
An argument
After an argument between Brain
Her “ Winsome Womanhood” (Revell) carries on the
for peace
and Brawn extending through the
work with which her name has been associated, being
as against war.
addressed to women of all ages from fifteen years
pages of Mr. James H. MacLaren's
onward to the point where, her work as wife and mother
“Put up Thy Sword ” (Revell), the author decides, done, she is " waiting for the angels.” Photographs of
somewhat obviously, in favor of peace as against great beauty and artistic posing from the faces and
That such a demonstration should be neces figures of beautiful women and girls add to the attrac-
sary at the beginning of the twentieth century is, tiveness of the book, which is one of much spiritual
perhaps, the most remarkable thing about the book. significance.
All the ground has been thoroughly threshed over The sentiments contained in Mr. Austin Bierbower's
by the wise in former ages, all the pleas for war
“ How to Succeed” (Fenno) do him every credit, and
as a development of character have been answered
the world would be a happier, a better, and a wiser
by the statement, attributed to President David S.
place if it should adopt them literally. While lacking
Jordan, that all America's wars then should be civil
any striking originality, the book is based on the fun-
damental moralities of the existing world rather than
wars, in order to give ourselves the entire good of
on the teachings of Jesus, which contain too lofty an
them; and the whole matter seemed settled in the
ideal, seemingly, to be “practical.” It would be hard
estimation of thoughtful men and women long ago. to imagine a book based on the certain knowledge that
But the appearance of this compact little volume the rich have no more chance in the Kingdom than the
makes it apparent that there is still demand enough camel has to pass through the eye of a needle, with
for a knowledge of the Ten Commandments and the unavoidable inference that riches are to be shunned
the Golden Rule to warrant its publication.
as Heaven is to be sought!
The Baltimore “Sun” is planning to make a some-
A sensible and timely plea away
what more elaborate feature of its literary criticism
Lessons in
from the “strenuous life” to one of
than is usual with daily newspapers. Beginning this
rational comfort.
common sense makes up Mrs. Mary month, it will have a page or more of such matter every
Perry King's “Comfort and Exercise” (Small,
week, under the editorship of Dr. Guy Carleton Lee, of
the Johns Hopkins University, with the collaboration of
Maynard & Co.). The lesson that so many Ameri-
many writers from the various colleges of the country.
cans need far more than they do a gospel of nervous
This is the way in which the thing ought to be done,
prostration and paresis is one of rational comfort, and we wish that other journals would follow so excel-
whether in education, at work, for the home, in lent an example.
war.


1901.)
115
THE DIAL
mann-
» volume.
and now brought up to date by Mr. Homer Morris;
NOTES.
and an abridgment of the “ Madame Thérèse of Erck-
“ A Shorter Course in Munson Phonography,” by Mr.
n-Chatrian,” edited by Mr. C. Fontaine.
James E. Munson, is a recent publication of Messrs. “ Abraham Lincoln: His Book,” just published by
G. P. Putnam's Sons.
Messrs. McClure, Phillips & Co., is a facsimile repro-
“An Elementary Grammar of the Spanish Language"
duction of a small leather-covered memorandum book
and “ An Elementary Spanish Reader,” both the work owned by Lincoln during the campaign of 1858. It
of Mr. L. A. Loiseaux, have just been published by reproduces both the newspaper clippings and the auto-
Messrs. Silver, Burdett & Co.
graph notes which the owner put into it, and constitutes
Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co. publish “ A School Gram-
a curious and interesting souvenir of the great President.
mar of the English Language,” by Professor Edward " Who's Who” for 1901 appears with commendable
A. Allen. It is an excellent book, prepared by a man
promptitude, and is supplied in this country by the
who is both a sound scholar and an experienced teacher. Macmillan Co. It is indispensable as a book of ref-
Herr Heyse's “ Das Mädchen von Treppi” (Heath),
erence concerning living Englishmen, and a sprink-
edited by Professor Edward S. Joynes, and Herr Hein-
ling of American names gives it some degree of special
rich Seidel's “Wintermärchen” (Holt), edited by Dr.
usefulness on our side of the Atlantic. But this feature
Corinth Le Duc Crook, are German texts recently pub-
does not make our own “ Who's Who in America” any
lished.
the less indispensable.
Volume IV. of “The Letters of Cicero," in Mr.
With close attention to the words and rhythms of
Evelyn S. Shuckburgh's translation, has just been pub-
the original, and an almost exact reproduction of the
lished by the Messrs. Macmillan as a number in the rhymes, Mr. J. M. Morrison has translated “The Poems
“ Bohn Libraries,” for which they are the agents in
of Leopardi,” into acceptable English. Only three of
America.
the thirty-four “Canti” are omitted from this version,
The Macmillan Co. publish “Miscellanies,” by Ed.
wbich is to be commended for its faithfulness to the
ward FitzGerald, as a “Golden Treasury
text, and for the not infrequent felicities of its diction.
Most of the matter has been reprinted before, but there
Messrs. Gay & Bird, London, are the publishers.
are a few additions, and we are glad to have “ Euphra-
The second volume of Mr. Samuel Albert Link's
nor" and the other things in this convenient form.
“ Pioneers of Southern Literature," published by
The Carnegie Library of Pittsburg send us a "Graded
Messrs. Barbee & Smith, Nashville, deals with various
and Annotated Catalogue of Books in the Carnegie
war poets, humorists, and political writers, and with
Library of Pittsburg for the use of the City Schools."
one great singer. The chapter on Poe will naturally
It is a most helpful publication, and other large city
attract the most attention, but the other chapters are
libraries would do well to imitate the example thus set
the more valuable for students of our literature, merely
for them.
because they present much information not easily ac-
cessible elsewhere.
The Oxford edition of “La Divina Commedia,” pub-
lished by Mr. Enrico Frowde, contains no word of En-
glisb. It gives us Dr. Moore's text and Mr. Paget
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
Toynbee's index of proper names, all in a beautifully.
printed and tastefully-bound volume at a moderate (The following list, containing 92 titles, includes books
price.
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
The Macmillan Co. publish new editions of “The
Prairie ” and “ The Pathfinder,” in volumes having a
HISTORY.
semi-holiday appearance, with illustrations by Mr. The Constitutional History of the United States, 1765–
Charles E. Brock. We are not informed as to whether 1895. By Francis Newton Thorpe. In 3 vols., 8vo, gilt
these two books are the advance guard of a complete
tops. Chicago: Callaghan & Co. $7.50 net.
The Times History of the War in South Africa, 1899–
Cooper, or merely sporadic issues.
1900. Edited by L. S. Amery. Vol. I., illus. in photo-
That old-time favorite, Sir George Webbe Dasent's gravure, etc., large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 392. Charles
translation of “ The Story of Burnt Njal,” has been re-
Scribner's Sons. Sold only in sets of 5 vols., $25. net.
produced by Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co. in an attracive
History and General Description of New France. By
Rev. P. F. X. De Charlevoix, S.J.; trang. from the orig-
edition, which, we regret to say, omits the maps and
inal edition, and edited, with notes. by Dr. John Gilmary
plans, the appendices and index, and has even cut Shea; with new memoir and bibliography of the trans-
down the preface to much less than its original dimen-
lator by Noah Farnham Morrison. Vol. I., with steel
sions.
portraits and maps, 4to, uncut, pp. 286. New York:
Francis P. Harper. Sold only in sets of 6 vols., $18. net.
Cinq Scenes de le Comédie Humaine” (Heath), The French Monarchy (1483-1789). By A.J. Grant, M.A.
edited by Dr. B. W. Wells; Lamartine's “Graziella' In 2 vols., 12mo, uncut. Cambridge Historical Series.'
(Heath), edited by Professor F. M. Warren; Corneille's
Macmillan Co. $2.25 net.
“ Nicomede" (Macmillan), edited by Professor James
Operations of General Gurko's Advance Guard in 1877.
By Colonel Epauchin; trans. by H. Havelock. Large 8vo,
A. Harrison; and M. André Theuriet's “La Sainte-
uncut, pp. 310. Wolseley Series." Charles Scribner's
Catherine” (Jenkins), unedited, are the latest French Sons. $3.50.
texts for school use received by us.
American History Told by Contemporaries. Edited by
Albert Bushnell Hart. Vol. III., National Expansion,
The American Book Co. publish “ The Elements of
1783–1845. 8vo, pp. 668. Macmillan Co. $2.
Latin,” by President W. R. Harper and Mr. Isaac B. Canada under British Rule, 1760–1900. By Sir John G.
Burgess. The same publishers send us other text Bourinot, K.C.M.G. With maps, 12mo, uncut, pp. 346.
books, as follows: “Outlines of Roman History," by
Cambridge Historical Series." Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
Dr. William C. Morey; a revised edition of the “ Man-
An Essay on Western Civilization in its Economic As-
pects (Mediæval and Modern Times). By W. Cunning-
ual of the Constitution of the United States," prepared ham, D.D. 12mo, uncut, pp. 300. Cambridge Historical
a quarter of a century ago by Israel Ward Andrews, Series." Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.


116
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
BIOGRAPHY.
Lord Monboddo and Some of his Contemporaries. By Wil.
liam Knight, LL.D. Illus, in photogravure, etc., 8vo,
uncut, pp. 314. E. P. Dutton & Co. $5.
Philip Vickers Fithian: Journal and Letters, 1767-1774.
Edited for the Princeton Historical Association by John
Rogers Williams. Illus, in photogravure, etc., large 8vo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 320. Princeton University Library.
$3, net.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
A History of Chinese Literature. By Herbert A. Giles,
M.A. 12mo, pp. 448. “Literatures of the World.” D.
Appleton & Co. $1.50.
English Satires. With Introduction by Oliphant Smeaton.
12mo, uncut, pp. 298. “Warwick Library of English
Literature." Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
Abraham Lincoln, His Book: A Facsimile Reproduction
of the Original. With Explanatory Note by J. McCan
Davis. 32mo. McClure, Phillips & Co. $1. net.
Die Griechische Tragödie im Lichte der Vasenmalerei.
Von John H. Huddilston; neu durchgesebene ausgabe
übersetzt von Maria Hense. Illus., 12mo, uncut, pp. 215.
Freiburg I. Br.: Friedrich Ernst Fehsenfeld. Paper.
The Story of Burnt Njal. From the Icelandic of the Njals
Saga. By the late Sir George Webbe Dasent, D.C.L.
With frontispiece, 12mo, gilt top, pp. 333. E. P. Dutton
& Co. $1.50.
The Poems ("Canti') of Leopardi. Done into English by
J. M. Morrison, M.A. 16mo, uncut, pp. 140. London:
Gay & Bird.
The Art of Translating. With special reference to Cauer's
* Die Kunst des Uebersetzens." Herbert Cushing
Tolman, Ph.D. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 79. Benj. H. Sanborn
& Co. 70 cts. net.
Pioneers of Southern Literature. By Samuel Albert
Link. Vol. II., 16mo, pp. 225. Nashville, Tenn.: Barbee
& Smith. 75 cts.
Spoil of the North Wind: Poetical Tributes to Omar
Khayyam. Collected by Edward Martin Moore. 12mo,
uncut, pp. 91. Chicago: Blue Sky Press. $1.
Pebbles from a Brook. By John Eglinton. 12mo, pp. 115.
Kilkenny : Standish O'Grady. Paper.
Webs. By Bert Finck. 12mo, pp. 35. Louisville: John
P. Morton & Co.
BOOKS OF VERSE.
Ye Gods and Little Fishes: A Travesty on the Argonautic
Expedition in Quest of the Golden Fleece. By James A.
Henshall, M.D.; with designs by J. L. Ludlow. 8vo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 213. Robert Clarke Co. $2. net.
The Story of Valentine and his Brother. By Mrs. M. O.
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$1.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
The Oresteia of Æschylus. Translated and explained by
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Green, & Co. $2.
The Letters of Cicero: The Whole Extant Correspondence
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M.A. Vol. IV., B.C. 33-43, completing the work. 12mo,
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Wellesley Stories. By Grace Louise Cook. 12mo, uncut,
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The Conquest of London. By Dorothea Gerard (Madame
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A Quaker Scout. By N. P. Runyan. 12mo, pp. 277. Abbey
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Love: Stories from McClure's. With frontispiece, 16mo,
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The Inhabitants of the Philippines. By Frederic H.
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The Shakespeare Country. By John Leyland. Illus.,
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Where Black Rules White: A Journey across and about
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Complete Hand-Book of Havana and Cuba, By Albert
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THEOLOGY AND RELIGION.
Encyclopædia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Bible.
Edited by Rev. T. K. Cheyne, M.A., and J. Sutherland
Black, M.A. Vol. II., É to K. Illus., 4to, pp. 600.
Macmillan Co. $5. net.
The Christian Doctrine of Justification and Reconcilia-
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Large 8vo, pp. 673. Charles Scribner's Sons. $4. net.
Christian Marriage: The Ceremony, History, and Signifi-
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What he May Become: A Critical and Practical Discus-
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The History of Tammany Hall. By Gustavus Myers.
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Mrs. Clyde: The Story of a Social Career. By Julien Gor-
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Eastover Court House. By Henry Burnham Boone and
Kenneth Brown. 12mo, pp. 318. Harper & Brothers.
$1.50.
Studies in Love. By Maude Egerton King. 12mo, gilt top,
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117
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Century. By J. Wilson. 8vo, pp. 320. New York:
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118
[Feb. 16,
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You can get PUBLIC OPINION for an entire year (price, unless paid in advance, $3.00) and a
Puritan Accident Policy, insuring you for an entire year (price $3.00), both for $3.00, payable in twelve
little monthly instalments of 25 cents each. This policy pays $1000 in case of accidental death, and
$5.00 per week for disability. It may be issued to anyone, man or woman, over 16 and under 65 years
of age. It is as good as a government bond, being issued by one of the best companies in America. We
gladly refund the money to anyone who is