not satisfied that the policy alone is worth $3.00. Upon
receipt of the first payment of 25 cents, in coin or stamps, your policy will be issued and your name
entered upon our subscription list.
PUBLIC OPINION, 11 Astor Place, New York City


THE DIAL
A Semis Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAGE
129
.
.
.
.
No. 353. MARCH 1, 1901. Vol. XXX. measures of the utmost significance, for the
consideration of which the legislative mind
CONTENTS.
will need all of its wisdom. The measures in
PUBLIC SCHOOL LEGISLATION IN ILLINOIS
question are these: First, the appointment of
a Commission for the purpose of unifying
COMMUNICATIONS
131
"A Distressing Misquotation. Edmund C.
and modernizing the school law of the State,
Stedman.
second, a revision of the so-called pension law
Dr. Fitzedward Hall: An Appreciation. Ralph of 1895, and third, a comprehensive measure
Olmsted Williams.
Professor Triggs on Professor Wendell. Gardner prepared for the special needs of the school
Teall.
system of Chicago. If the Legislature sball
Oar Public Libraries : A Suggestion. Duane
deal intelligently and soberly with these three
Mowry.
great questions, the result ought to prove of
THE LIFE OF PHILLIPS BROOKS. C. A. L.
incalculable benefit to the educational interests
Richards .
133
of the community.
ORIENTAL RUGS AND RUG MAKING. Frederick
The resolution for the appointment of a
W. Gookin
137
State Commission is a recognition of the cha-
LITERATURE IN INDIANA. Martin W. Sampson 138
otic and patchwork condition of the existing
NOVEL VIEWS OF NERVOUS FUNCTIONS.
school laws. Made from time to time, as
Joseph Jastrow .
139
special exigencies have arisen, these laws have
RECENT POETRY. William Morton Payne . . . 140
never been subordinated to any set of control-
Hardy's Songs of Two. — Mifflin's The Fields of
Dawn. – Jordan's To Barbara. – Hudson's The
ling principles, and leave many essential things
Sphinx. – Keeler's Idyls of El Dorado. - Suther unprovided for — things demanded by the
land's Jacinta. - Crowninshield's Pictoris Carmina.
- Cole's In Scipio's Garden. -- Thaw's Poems.
present condition of public education, and in
Welles's The Lute and Lays. - Painter's Lyrical many cases already incorporated into the sys-
Vignettes. — Knowles's On Life's Stairway. - Miss tem, although without express statutory au-
Peabody's Fortune and Men's Eyes. — Mrs. Dorr's
Afterglow.- Carman and Hovey's Last Songs from
thority. The school law of the State, in its
Vagabondia. - Thomson's A Day's Song. - Shee existing form, is a thing of shreds and patches,
han's Cithara Mea. — Pooler's Translations.
at least a generation behind the age in many
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS...
146 of its aspects, and self-contradictory at more
The origin and development of the alphabet. – An
than one point. It is greatly in need of in-
English sailor's lively narrative. - Writings of a
royal scribbler. - Babylonians and Assyrians. - A
telligent revision, and now seems likely to
handy, lucid book on the Reformation. - An inter obtain it. To give but a single instance of its
esting account of the siege of Peking.-A hand-book
shortcomings, we may say that it gives no
of Havana and Cuba. — The art of translating: -
Pictures of Shakespeare's country.
specific authority for schools of secondary edu-
cation, although public opinion long ago settled
BRIEFER MENTION.
148
the question of their justification. What is
NOTES
149
needed in this direction is not merely the
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
specific mention of high schools, but a declar-
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
150 ation similar to that of the Massachusetts
statute, which compels high school education
PUBLIC SCHOOL LEGISLATION
to be provided throughout the State for all
desire it.
IN ILLINOIS.
The other two measures that are to come up
The attention of the Illinois Legislature will for discussion relate only to the schools of
soon be occupied by a number of bills relating cities having over one hundred thousand in-
to the State system of public schools, and it habitants — which means, of course, the schools
may be expected that the educational pot will of Chicago alone. This, it may be explained
boil briskly at Springfield during the present to the uninitiated, is the ingenious way in which
month. Besides numerous bills of minor im the Illinois Assembly gets around the consti-
portance already before the General Assembly, tutional objection to special legislation. Such
there will soon come up for consideration three a law, although special in its purpose, is gen-
.
.
.
.
150
wbo may


130
[March 1,
THE DIAL
eral in form, and does not contravene the con bers was appointed by the Civic Federation for
stitutional prohibition.
the purpose of examining the whole question
The question of providing pensions or an of legislation for the Chicago schools and the
puities for retired teachers of the Chicago allied question of the methods of their admin-
schools does not seem in a fair way of satis istration. This Commission was a representa-
factory solution. The existing statute is glar- tive body, including in its membership men and
ingly defective, but the substitute about to be women, educators and non-educators, clergy-
proposed is very much worse. What is needed men, lawyers, and men of affairs. It has held
is a simple law, and the.substitute is ridiculously many general meetings and committee meet-
complicated. What is needed is a law that ings, has called in a great deal of expert testi-
shall be mandatory in all essential respects, mony,
has listened to much discussion, and has
and the substitute leaves large discretionary at last framed a comprehensive report. A part
powers to an elective administrative board. of this report is the bill now before the State
The existing law needs to be amended, but the Legislature; the remainder consists of admin-
process of amendment sbould not overload it istrative recommendations not suitable for legis-
with intricate subtleties, nor should its whole lative action, but intended to be addressed
spirit and purpose be changed thereby. If the directly to the Chicago Board of Education.
Legislature deals wisely with this matter, it It is with the bill alone that we are now con-
will make three changes in the present statute, cerned, and a few words may be given to the
and no more. It will make the term of service statement of its most important features.
equal for men and women, it will make the In the first place, it provides for a reduction
annuities proportional to the annual assess of the Board of Education from its present
ments, and it will remove the slight ambiguity membership of twenty-one to nine. Such a
now found in the paragraph which secures reduction of membership is in accord with the
permanence of tenure subject to good behavior. best professional opinion in this matter, and
With these three amendments, the law would would bring about the condition of things
be made impregnable as far as the courts are happily expressed by President Eliot when he
concerned, and it would work automatically said that a Board of Education should never
for an indefinite period. It would not secure consist of more persons than could sit around
a fixed annuity, but it would secure a fair a table of moderate size, and discuss the ques.
division of the funds annually available among tions before them in ordinary conversational
the appuitants. To secure fixed annuities of tones. The bill then provides for the super-
reasonable amount, a very different method intendency by giving its incumbent a legal
must be resorted to; namely, the method of status, great administrative powers in educa-
supplementing the assessments made upon tional matters, and a long term of service dur-
teachers by a diversion of public funds to the ing which he cannot be removed except for
extent found necessary. If the Legislature some gross dereliction of duty. The business
really desires to occupy an advanced educa- manager of the schools is also given a legal
tional position upon this difficult question, it status, enlarged powers and responsibilities,
will adopt the method here suggested, and and tenure for a term of years. The appoint-
might do worse than frame its law upon the ment of teachers is vested in the Superintendent,
New York model. We could not well conceive subject to preliminary competitive examina-
of anything that would do so much to increase tions to test the capabilities of candidates, and
the dignity and stability of the teaching pro- subject also to confirmation by the Board of
fession in Illinois as the adoption of a statu Education. The certificate of the Chicago
tory provision securing reasonable annuities to Normal School is accepted, as is entirely proper,
teachers retiring after a quarter-century of in lieu of a special examination, but all appoint-
service.
ments are made upon probation for three years,
The third measure, and by far the most after which time they become permanent dur-
comprehensive one, to come under the consid ing efficiency and good behavior.
eration of the Legislature is the bill drafted These are the main features of the plan now
under the auspices of the Civic Federation of presented to the Legislature. They are all
Chicago. This bill is the product of much highly desirable features of a school law, and we
thought and investigation, and is, in the main, find open to serious criticism only the one pro-
an enlightened and admirable document. Year vision that gives to the Superintendent the
before last, a Commission of one hundred mem power, seemingly too arbitrary, of the dismissal


1901.]
181
THE DIAL
99
of teachers, subject to the confirmation of his
COMMUNICATIONS.
action by the Board of Education. In this
respect the law now existing is better than the “A DISTRESSING MISQUOTATION."
one proposed, for it provides a safeguard for
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
the teacher in requiring written charges, to be A correspondent (“S.") in your issue of February 1
investigated by the Board of Education, before
tartly refers to what seems to him a lapse on the part of
the editor of “ An American Anthology.” One of Poe's
a dismissal can take effect. It is no more than
“ gems” he finds to be “ marred by one of the most dia-
simple justice that this requirement should be bolical blunders of misquotation in all the annals of
insisted upon. In voting against it, the Comprinting." Quoting, from “To One in Paradise," -
mission was carried away, in the words of
"And all my nightly dreams
Are where thy dark eye glances
• The School Weekly,” by the eloquence of
And where thy footstep gleams,'
one or two vigorous personalities who were he truthfully states that, “ instead of dark 'eye, Mr.
seemingly controlled by two ideas to the exclu Stedman has gray eye."
sion of all others. “One was that the Chicago
If “S.” will consult the Stedman-Woodberry edition
of Poe's Works (the latest complete text), he will see
school system was going to the dogs because of
that “gray," and not “dark," was the adjective finally
a surplus of incompetent teachers. The second
used by the author of “ To One in Paradise.” Doubt-
was that giving to the Superintendent of Schools less Poe might have stuck to his early draft of that
supreme power would remedy all this.” The ballad, instead of carefully rewriting it, if he could
simple fact is that it ought to be difficult to
have known that “S.” was to say of “gray eye glances”
dismiss from the schools a teacher who has
that the “distressing alliteration would have ruined the
fame of Milton.”
passed the probationary period. Make it as
On page 190, Vol. X., of the Edition cited, the vari-
difficult as you will for a person to secure ap orum notes show the poet's many radical emendations,
pointment, make the tests as exacting as you
one of which is the substitution in question. After
please, but when the appointment is given, let
my labors with Professor Wood berry in the editorship
of Poe, I could hardly be expected to prefer any text
there be given with it a sense of security that
before our own, and I would be apt to scrutinize the
cannot possibly coëxist with the power of any proof of selections therefrom with unusual care. One
one officer to destroy a professional career once of the claims of our text to the title of “definitive
entered upon in good faith. It is only upon
is that it follows Poe's own copy of his last book of
these terms that a really effective service can
verse, with the marginal revision by his own hand.
Occasionally his changes from a crude early draft are
be built up; it is only subject to this condition
open to criticism, but nineteen times in twenty they are
that the best class of men and women can be most felicitous (as in the ballad of “Lenore”). Pos-
persuaded to enter the educational ranks. sibly this may not be said of the change from“ dark
What the fate of this measure will be at the
to “gray,” yet it will be recalled that Poe had a pas-
hands of the Legislature we do not pretend to
sion for alliteration, and, again, that such a change was
sometimes determined by other than technical consid-
say. If we may judge by the fate of the not
erations. In standing by the text of the “ Anthology,"
dissimilar bill presented two years ago, the I may be guilty, but certainly not of the “ blunder”
outlook is not hopeful. That bill, like the which is proverbially worse than a crime.
EDMUND C. STEDMAN.
present one, was in the main admirable, and
Bronxville, N. Y., February 19, 1901.
needed, like its successor, only a little judicious
amendment to be made a model example of
DR. FITZEDWARD HALL: AN APPRECIATION.
educational legislation. But instead of intel-
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
ligent consideration, it received only derision, Apropos of the recent death of Dr. Fitzedward Hall,
it was assailed by interested persons in all sorts some brief public expression of appreciation of his ser-
of mean and petty and unworthy ways, and
vices to students of modern English may be fit and
was finally rejected with contumely. Let us
proper, especially as coming from a controversial op-
ponent. My controversies with Dr. Hall, although con-
hope, at least, that the General Assembly now tinuing through several years, have passed from notice
in office will have a better sense of its dignity and, except for a few, from memory, But I have long
and responsibility, and that the new measure wanted to say something of this kind, and I hope it may
will be accorded the respectful attention it so
be said in THE DIAL, because most of the discussions
between Dr. Hall and myself were printed in its columns.
richly deserves. Its enactment, after some
It is not necessary to enlarge on Dr. Hall's attain-
slight revision, would set Illinois in the front
ments, his enormous industry, the breadth of his reading,
rank, as far as educational interests are con the acuteness of his perceptions, the subtlety and truth-
cerned, among our Commonwealths, and would fulness of his distinctions. Nobody, I suppose, has ever
doubtless become, as our Library Act of nearly
examined his printed work in English without astonish-
ment at the mere labor that produced it. Its solid
thirty years ago has become, a model for the imi-
value is unquestionable, in fact, incomparable. Dr.
tation and the emulation of other communities. Hall was the first to show how questions of good and
9


182
[March 1,
THE DIAL
more
:
bad English (to refer to a single line of his pursuits) of Professor Wendell, is problematical, yet Dr. Fiske
must be studied in order to reach safe conclusions. If and the others have been wise enough to consider kings
anybody ever got a slight and temporary advantage and queens,' and it is not uninteresting to note the effect
over Dr. Hall in discussions of this kind, it was because King George III. of Great Britain and Ireland had on
he had learned the art from his master, Dr. Hall him the life work of Mr. George Washington of Mt. Vernon
self. It is no wonder that Dr. Hall's authority became and elsewhere. At present it is a question whether a
almost papal. I have spoken of his acuteness and preface should exclude a text, but there is the consola-
subtlety. He did more than anybody else,
tion always that second editions are possible.
perhaps than all others, — in bringing to the attention As to devoting 479 of 518 pages (this may include
of American readers obscure, unsuspected differences the index; I do not know) of a volume of the sort to
in sense between American and British uses of the Boston (and New England), one must cry out “ Let
same words. He himself was keenly alive to such the Punishment fit the Crime !" Let Professor Wendell
differences, and combated strenuously the prevalent be compelled to demand a new edition of his book
notion in the United States that the differences between wherein a certain number of pages shall be devoted to
British and American English are slight.
chronicling the literary doings of the United States
Dr. Hall's studies were not restricted to English. county by county, parish by parish, each county and
He printed much in other departments. But of this I each parish having its own section. But wbere a county
do not venture to speak. It seems to me very desirable or a parish has no literature to present, let the pages
that Dr. Hall's letters and contributions to periodicals assigned to such a county or such a parish remain blank,
should be re-printed in book form for the shelves of or decorated with an appropriate quotation from Walt
libraries.
RALPH OLMSTED WILLIAMS.
Whitman or Homer's catalogue of ships. In this man-
New Haven, Conn., February 18, 1901.
ner a comprehensiveness might be attained of great in-
terest to a leisurely statistician. Finally, let Professor
Wendell apologize for forgetting to mention that the
PROFESSOR TRIGGS ON PROFESSOR WENDELL. West has been won !
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
As soon as I finish reading Mr. Triggs's excellent
The communication of Mr. Oscar Lovell Triggs in
“Selections from the Prose and Poetry of Walt Whit-
THE DIAL of February 16, concerning Professor Bar-
man," I will lend it to “ Mrs. Harris,” and “Mrs.
rett Wendell's “ A Literary History of America,” point-
Harris," who is now reading Professor Wendell's book,
ing out “the strength" on which he brought himself to
will exchange with me. Perhaps when I come to read
consider this volume, is more complimentary to the
“ A Literary History of America” myself, I will under-
writer of the editorial in THE DIAL of December 16 to
stand Mr. Triggs's temptation, but the form of his com-
munication seems to me to be in need of absolution.
which Dr. Triggs refers, than to Professor Wendell's
GARDNER TEALL.
standing in literary and educational circles, perhaps; bat
before questioning the questioner I must cry mea maxima
East Brewster, Mass., February 20, 1901.
culpa, since I must be uncomplimentary myself and ac-
knowledge tbat I have read neither editorial nor book. OUR PUBLIC LIBRARIES: A SUGGESTION.
However, it has struck me as something to be regret-
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
ted that Mr. Triggs should have seemed to have con May I have place in THE DIAL for a word to say
founded his desire to communicate, with his desire to that I think the work of our public libraries, which you
review Professor Wendell's book, and Mr. Triggs's discuss so sanely in your issue of Feb. 1, does not properly
eight little paragraphs of big questions scarcely appear cease at the circulating point. Especially, in the larger
as food for thought so much as for a pedagogic exami cities, it seems to me, there should be free reading
nation test.
rooms in several different parts of the municipality,
If it is the function of a pedagogue to put questions, accessible for all classes and at all reasonable times of
it is supposed to be his function to be able to answer the day and evening. The reading room would seem
them. It is forbearance then on the part of Mr. Triggs, to supplement the circulating feature and add to the
perhaps, that be has not embodied these questions with usefulness of the library as a whole. The free reading
others, all answ
swered, in a definitive review or a volume room at a central point is practically foreclosed against
on the same subject. At least I imagine the time bas that class who most need its advantages. The laboring
not yet come for a precise history of our literature, when people cannot go from their homes on the outskirts of
Professor Wendell's sins of literary omission shall be the city and get much good from reading after they
made forgotten.
have done a full day's work and taken their evening
If Mr. Triggs actually expects his eight series of meal. Besides, the item of transportation is not incon-
questions to be answered, one might remind him, con siderable for the poorer intelligent classes. And an
cerning one question of the second, that English litera opportunity to keep in touch with current events as
ture has two meanings. The term may be interpreted they appear in daily and weekly papers, and in the
as literature in English or as literature in England. I periodicals, ought not to be denied this important and
believe Professor Wendell would have the former sig large part of our population. The free reading room
nificance in mind in writing such a book as “ A Literary will do much to lessen gambling and drunkenness, and
History of America,” and that may account for his non is a wise policy for any municipality to foster viewed
consideration of Yiddish literature in America.
merely from the economic standpoint. It is a work
Perhaps Professor Wendell’s volume is out of place that should provoke the active interest of philanthropic
in its series, “conceived by an European from an Euro persons. It is somewhat singular that this democratic
pean point of view,” yet not more out of place than a move has not awakened a greater impetus among those
literary ambassador at the court of St. James. Just to whom the stewardship of great wealth bas been en-
what Dr. Fiske's not being dazzled by kings and queens trusted.
DUANE MOWRY.
would have to do with a conscientious effort on the part Milwaukee, Wis., February 20, 1901.


1901.)
133
THE DIAL
The New Books.
himself supplied the material upon which to
form our own. He has made large use of
carefully kept note-books and diaries whose
THE LIFE OF PHILLIPS BROOKS.* existence was unsuspected by lifelong friends,
and has drawn so much from them that these
Dr. Allen has given us a remarkable biogvolumes might bear the old-fashioned title,
raphy in his “Life and Letters of Phillips
“Life and Remains.” The notes are not shape-
Brooks." He has portrayed a remarkable
less memoranda, but well-wrought paragraphs,
man. Perhaps no richer personality has ma-
not to be likened to the scrawls of an artist's
tured on American soil. The biography has
sketch-book but to delicate and finished draw.
great excellences and some obvious faults.
Like most such works in modern times it is ings. They indicate in the writer a character-
excessive in bulk. As if Hesiod had never
istic sense of form and instinct for perfection.
There is wealth without exuberance. Before
lived, writers refuse to consider the balf to be
more than the whole. Publishers protest and Phillips Brooks was of age he had learned his
readers complain, but still the volumes grow.
tools and was a master of expression. The
Sixteen hundred closely printed pages are a
earliest notes no more spurt with the spasmodic
good many to devote to one man. They might the enforced parsimony of age. It is the flow
cleverness of youth than the latest dribble with
suffice for the chronicle of an important period.
If Carlyle thought the days of hero-worship
of a quiet stream, welling up and gliding on.
The letters are numerous, not often import-
past he should be living at this hour. On
ant or brilliant, but delightful with the charm
every page of these volumes are heard the
trumpets and shawms. The misfortune of being of slipshod ease. They are anybody's letters,
idolized which pursued Phillips Brooks through
not a touch of art about them. They are full of
his lifetime follows him to his grave.
most gracious fooling. Precisians will regard
W bile
he lived he overtopped the curling incense, lightly. They are not crammed with wit or
them as unduly frolicsome. They touch and go
and he emerges unbarmed above it even now.
You distinguish the man with all his noble
wisdom. They are not often quotable. For
features even when set forth as a demigod. They are for a friend's amusement, for the
axioms or epigrams you must look elsewhere.
It may heighten the verisimilitude of the por-
writer's relaxation. They are like good talk,
trait to give it the atmosphere which Phillips
Brooks breathed for thirty years.
Yet above
and especially like Phillips Brooks's good talk,
his dear remains there are those who would
which mostly kept the valley road. When he
would climb peaks or thread crevasses he wrote
prefer to see a more severe and chastened
a sermon or made an entry in a note-book.
monument.
Nor did the career and personality of Phillips The fire kindled when he mused rather than
when he chatted. He said what came to the
Brooks require copious interpretation. Some
people need no introduction.
surface and let his fancy loose. If too many
Before a great
landscape, a great picture, a great man, silence began to listen, the talk was apt to dissolve in
is the more reverent homage. The admirable laughter.
cicerone irks us; our admiration is chilled be-
Was the great preacher's nature as complex
as Dr. Allen imagines? The public instinct is
cause demanded. We are ready to resent the
with those who look on it as essentially simple,
intrusive interpretation and to look the other
way. Give us the facts of the great man's life,
as simple as his career, which was only except-
what he said and did, what he enjoyed and
ional in its felicity. Born in the Brahmin
suffered, the things he liked, the things he
caste of New England, he inherited through
hated, and let us sift and group them and make
half a dozen generations piety, scholarship, and
our inferences from them as we may.
public spirit. He grew up in a household
Let us not be thought ungrateful. Happily and high thinking. His mother was a woman
which added deep conviction to plain living
in these volumes there is much to praise. After
throwing out all that is redundant and irrele-
of rare — almost tragic — intensity of spirit.
His father was a Boston merchant of the best
vant, there remains a true vision of a noble
man. Dr. Allen knows him as he was. When stamp, energetic, orderly, diligent, unpretend-
we doubt the biographer's judgment he has ing, a man content with a modest livelihood,
of sound sense and conservative judgment, glad
* LIFE AND LETTERS OF PHILLIPS BROOKS. By Alex-
to reserve strength and leisure for public aims.
ander V. G. Allen. In two volumes. New York: E. P. Dutton
& Co.
Through the Adams School and the Latin


184
[March 1,
THE DIAL
are
School Phillips Brooks passed to Harvard if enshrined or enthroned for the rest of his
College. Unambitious of college rank, but days, and now it is his monument. It seemed
alert and eager for knowledge and culture, he as if no more changes could come to him, but
stood high among his classmates, winning their upon Bishop Paddock’s death in 1891, by
liking while retaining a certain aloofness and common consent of city and state Phillips
reserve, which in after years wore off the sur Brooks was marked as his successor. Those
face yet clung to the core of his being. After not of his own communion claimed him as “our
an attempt to teach rough and indocile lads, bishop.” There was some delay in the con-
which proved a failure and caused momentary firmation of the election by the standing com-
discouragement - Dr. Allen has perhaps dwelt mittees and the bishops. Dr. Allen bas told
on the mishap somewhat unduly, - he found the story with little comment. He has declined
his lifework in the ministry of the Episcopal to erect a pillory in his pages, however just
Church, in which, from four years old, he had the right of anyone to occupy it.
grown up. He passed three years at a Semi Phillips Brooks did not seek the episcopate,
nary of that church near Alexandria, Virginia. yet rather to the surprise of some he welcomed
They were years of quiet growth, unincumbered it and rejoiced in a new opportunity. He felt
by too much instruction.
Some men
it also to be a release from crushing burdens.
their own best teachers, and Phillips Brooks But he had not fully measured its own strains.
“ browsed on the sprouts of his own mind,” He set himself an exacting standard of official
pursued his own studies, began to value and duty. He was already overwrought when dis-
record bis thinking, and came into knowledge ease struck an enfeebled frame and found him
of himself. At his graduation he was so easily an easy prey. He died after a few days of
first among his fellows that there was no doubt illness, on the 23d of January, 1893. He was
of his ultimate rank in the ministry. After fifty-seven years old.
two years in a somewhat obscure post where It was a career whose events were sermons,
he could not be hid, he took charge of one of addresses, lectures, changes of rectorships,
the foremost parishes in the church, that of refusals of parishes, professorships, and presi-
the Holy Trinity, Philadelphia. He was in dencies, the building of a great church, and
no haste to assume larger tasks, but he had no the consecration as Bishop. Its relaxations
fear of them. Under the influence of a great were books, friends, and foreign travel. It
position at a momentous period, the years of differed from other ministerial careers less in
the Civil War and of Reconstruction, he grew kind than in degree. So with the character
rapidly. He stood firmly for the Union and formed and revealed by it. It differed from
for the Freedmen, when it cost something to the characters of other men in the range, pro-
be outspoken. After ten years of rich service, portion, and completeness of its powers. It was
being not yet thirty-five years old, he was pure, high-minded, devoted, earnest to enthusi-
drawn back to his native city, there for two and asm yet ever sound and sane, the temperament
twenty years to preside over an historic parish. and force of genius combined with saving com-
But he insensibly widened his pastorate to in mon sense, the habits of industry, fidelity,
clude all who called upon him for his ministries patience, sobriety, which ensure success in
in Boston and parts adjacent. In the great whatever field. A large intellect, a right con-
fire of 1872 his church was burned. The science, a commanding will, a noble heart, were
seeming catastrophe became a blessing. It fitly tabernacled in a mighty frame that worked
precipitated a difficult decision to remove an without jar or friction almost to the end. The
old parish to a more favorable neighborhood. whole grand nature was subdued and conse-
Four years later there had risen, under the crated to the one task of living and proclaiming
spell of his eloquence, at the hands of a large- the gospel of Christ.
the gospel of Christ. If just balance, and
minded and generous corporation, using the equipoise of powers or their concentration upon
unique gifts of Richardson the architect and the highest aim, involve subtlety, the character
Lafarge the painter, a building that marks may be deemed complex; otherwise it was
an epoch in our architecture, the noblest church simplicity itself.
edifice yet built in this country. The building Very early in his life Phillips Brooks recog.
and the man who had no small part in making nized his peculiar powers and the work to which
it what it was went well together. It was they pointed him. It was not the mission of
thronged with all sorts and conditions of men, the seer who declares truths which perhaps
to whom his word was life. There he was as only posterity may comprehend at their just


1901.]
135
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value. It was rather that of the prophet who never a doubt as to the final issue. Such sure
discerns in the religion of his time eternal hope was with him both a native gift and a
verities, needing restatement; who takes the Christian grace. And out of such hope grew
lessons of all time and makes them live again joyousness irrepressible, lightness of heart free
to-day. What the marvellous preacher was and frolicsome as that of a child. It was cheer
capable of becoming as a metaphysician deal and courage for all about him. It was a per-
ing with fundamental thought, what he might petual fountain sparkling in the sun and water-
have been as a formal theologian eliciting from ing every thirsty grass-blade and wilting flower.
Holy Writ its essential dogmas and system. Whether he outstretched his hand to greet a
atizing Christian Truth, it is idle to inquire. friend, to console a mourner, to lead a prodigal
Genius is a well-nigh incalculable force, and home, there was a thrill in the grasp as of a
may apply itself in numberless directions. strong glad son of God, delighting in His
Anyone who would judge the capacity of Phil-service.
lips Brooks for abstract thought upon religion How quietly Phillips Brooks rose above or
may well study the ten pages of the second stood apart from contentions and controversies!
volume of this biography, in which to clear The unruffled atmosphere of Dr. Allen's biog-
his own mind he reviewed his religious experi- raphy is in just keeping with the life por-
ence and put on record his inmost convictions trayed. Some remote murmur of battle past
in theology. Nothing could be simpler or more seems dying away in the distance, but around
lucid. But while we may believe his genius the great central figure of the scene there is
capable of many things which it left unat truce or peace. Always independent in opinion
tempted, we must see that its special province and frank in utterance, Phillips Brooks was
was to take great truths out of the rubbish never bitter in speech nor did he nurse grudges
heap of dead phrases, revitalize and freshly in his heart. If he ever seemed to over-
illustrate them, and cause them mightily to emphasize a truth or unduly reject what he
prevail over the hearts and lives of men. There thought an error, his spirit was always gener-
was power for men to live by, if it could only ous and tolerant. Nor was it the tolerance of
get at them, in the old theology that in this arrogant unconcern but of honest respect and
period of the New Reformation was everywhere sympathy, of hearty recognition of neighbor's
finding restatement and elucidation. What right to question what it was his own duty to
had grown obscure and was in danger of be assert or acclaim. He rarely laid stress on the
coming obsolete, what had been familiar in things he rejected. He was busy inculcating
words and was in danger of passing into the what he believed God's truth. There might
realm of cant, what was really new in its form be tempting occasions for firing a volley after
and was in peril of becoming a heresy by a retreating foe, or rolling the drums and flut-
standing alone, Phillips Brooks seized with a tering the flags after an enforced surrender,
certain swift and fine apprehension and re but Phillips Brooks had neither time nor heart
deemed for the service of life. That was his for such things. Dr. Allen, with a large wis-
peculiar province in which he stood peerless, dom which is habitual to him, tells the story at
the application of truth to common living, such times without provocative comments. In-
bringing Jesus Christ, with all the glow of deed, there are pages where the reader is dis-
divine light upon His face, down among every posed to inject a little human temper between
day men and things. As he believed in God the mild benignant lines.
the Father of a world of men, so he believed It will be a pity if the younger clergy — the
in man the potential Son of God. For the young men, indeed, of every calling — fail to
lowest, meanest, most germinal type of hu- note the lesson of Phillips Brooks's systematic
manity, he cherished an undying hope. and orderly industry. If ever man might trust
That large hopefulness was perhaps the to slight preparation, it was he. His mind
salient feature in the character of Phillips worked at lightning speed. Lucid utterance
Brooks. Other men were as brave and devoted, seemed instinctive with him, and logical ar-
but who was ever as hopeful as he? When rangement. Thoughts never tumbled forth
others walked in darkness anxious well-nigh to from his mind like apples from a barrel or
despair, on his face there was no “glimmer of jackstraws from a box. They fell in place.
twilight” but ever " glad, confident morning.” From a seminal thought sprang with the ra-
Transient sorrows might disturb, immediate pidity of East Indian juggling the stem,
difficulties might perplex him, but he had branches, and terminal twigs of a shapely tree,


136
[March 1,
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each leaflet and each rootlet where the laws of processes through which his fellows went, and
tree life require that they should be. I once he made it seem to them as if they had already
saw Phillips Brooks compelled to exercise on trod where he was leading them. Thus his
the instant his faculty of quick choice and in noblest sermons, so far from dismaying his
stantaneous mastery of a theme. Before a brethren with the thought of their incomparable
large audience he was suddenly called to his power, were to many among them but an inspi-
feet after a definite promise that he should not ration.
be. Only on that assurance had he consented Justly has Dr. Allen emphasized Phillips
to be present. Unfortunately the promise had Brooks's relation to his own church and to the
come from a venerable presiding officer, and Christian world beyond it. So much was he
the call, peremptory and irresistible, issued at last “the Bishop of Massachusetts” to mul-
from a tumultuous throng of young men. As titudes who regarded Episcopacy askance, to
the cries for “ Brooks, Brooks !” rang out, I whom his orthodoxy was incomprehensible and
saw his face darken, bis eyes seemed to look his churchmanship a curious and unaccountable
inward for one swift instant, his whole frame accident, that men of his own flock and creed
quivered and his whole being gathered from were not unnaturally disposed to question his
all sides its forces to concentrate them upon an fealty to his own flag and to ask, Can this
intense process of thought. Tben he rose, man be quite loyal to the Church of the Prayer
drew up that grand form of his to its full Book, who is the accepted leader of unliturgical
height, and as quietly as if the scene had been Christendom? If they will read his little
rehearsed beforehand seemed to distribute his tractate on “Tolerance” they will be better
ideas each into its fitting place and began an able to understand him. His attitude toward
address as logical in order, as substantial in his own communion and that of others may be
matter, and as choice in phrase as if he had well illustrated in words of Daudet quoted by
given hours instead of seconds to its prepara- René Dourmic.
tion. With such electric facility, such gift of “ Truly I belong to my own boat and I love it, but
instantaneous summoning up the forces of the all those others setting sail or entering port are as dear
brain, most men would have felt diligent and
to me as my own. I signal them, I hail them, I try to
bold communication with them, for all of us, whether
laborious preparation for them needless. Phil.
leaders or followers, are threatened by the same dan-
lips Brooks never trusted to his genius until gers; for all our barks the currents are strong, the
humbler powers had done their part. He held winds treacherous, and the night comes down so fast.”
it in reserve to fuse into a glowing whole what Ab, too fast that night came down, it well
diligent study and thought had accumulated. may seem, on one so well loved and trusted,
He was as careful and methodical as if he had who bore so clear a light and shone so far.
been dull and undisciplined. His study-table The world was indeed indefinitely the poorer
was never “snowed under.” It was as neat as by his departure as it had been indefinitely
a lady's dressing table, as a precise bookkeep- richer for his sojourn. But for him it was well
er's desk. Its orderliness was typical.
He had done his work. He bad sown
Dr. Allen very discriminatingly notes the seed of which coming generations will reap
the
autobiographical character of Bishop Brooks's harvest. He enjoyed life, few men more
sermons and lectures; how he confided to the keenly. Speaking of one who lingered a little
great popular heart what he would withhold late upon the stage, he wrote, “One would not
from close personal friendship. What he saw like to stay quite as long as he has, but, with
in himself, with the inward eye which is the the world such as it is, there is great tempta-
bliss of solitude, he revealed as if it belonged tion to linger at the feast.” 6. Such as it is,"
to all mankind. He was not unaware of his the world of men and things was very dear to
own genius. He knew well enough his relative him.
him. It was far from a perfect world, but
place among men. But he perpetually lost there was much in it richly to enjoy. His
sight of it. He was a somewhat stern judge of Father spread a generous table and he could
his brethren in the ministry if they fell below tarry the Lord's leisure about the board. But
bis ideal of what a minister should be. So when he heard that Agassiz was gone in bis
easily was he all he was, that he forgot that to “ fresh, joyous, simple” prime, he thought of
lag very far behind him might sorely hurry him as “falling without decay and setting
the pace of those less gifted. So as he gave without twilight." And when Sumner a few
glimpses of the history of his soul it seemed to months later fell, his mood was akin to that of
him that he was only portraying the common | Huxley when he said of a friend who had
to go.


1901.)
187
THE DIAL
“ vanished in the middle of an unfinished art were intended they have been bought for the
icle," " after all, that is the way to die, better most part by mercantile houses who have uti-
a thousand times than drivelling off in a fatu lized the designs for reproduction in modern
ous old age.” With Phillips Brooks we might fabrics.
have looked for a long autumn of ripening and Mr. John Kimberly Mumford's recent book
golden days, but God saw otherwise. The on “ Oriental Rugs ” finds, therefore, practic-
grand frame crumbled before one touch of de- ally a vacant field, and will be welcomed by
cay bad fallen on the splendid intellect, the all who are interested in the topic of which it
commanding will, the warm throbbing heart. treats. The author has performed his task
So best. The sun went down unquenched. In with intelligence and painstaking thoroughness,
some memories will long linger a tender after and has accomplished the rare feat of writing
glow. The world will go on and seem to for an entertaining book on a technical subject.
get Phillips Brooks. His matchless eloquence The history of the art, the rug-weaving peoples,
will be but a tradition. His thoughts will the materials, dyers and dyes, method of
pass into the common fund, be but an element weaving, the designs, and the classifications
in the air that coming generations breathe. by localities and kinds, are severally dealt
But his spirit will not die. His work will last with in detail and the essential facts set forth
in a purer earth and a more open and visible in a manner which is a model of clearness.
Heaven.
C. A. L. RICHARDS. As an example of Mr. Mumford's style, and
for its own sake as a graphic presentation of
the picturesqueness of life in the East, his
remarks about the dyers are worthy of being
ORIENTAL RUGS AND RUG MAKING.*
quoted at some length. He says:
From time immemorial the weaving of car. “ This preëminence in dye-working carries with it,
pets and rugs has been the chief manufacturing in Oriental countries, a dignity almost akin to that of
industry pursued by the peoples inhabiting a
priesthood. As a tree is known by its fruits, the dyer
has place among his fellows by his hues. In proportion
large part of southwestern Asia. The fabrics
as the color he excels in is valued in popular judgment,
produced by these peoples have always been the dye-master is honored in his town; and even if
highly prized both for their serviceable quality there were a lotion which could obliterate from dress
and as works of art. Few products of human
and cuticle the traces of his trade, he would scorn to
skill have equalled the best of them in beauty
His color is the badge of his ancient and hon-
orable calling, dear to him as the insignia of rank to the
of coloring. Choice specimens are eagerly soldier, or churchly black to the ecclesiastic. He glories
sought after and treasured by collectors ; lovers in being bedaubed, and the shades of his particular
of them are counted by thousands, for what color, upon hands, feet, and raiment, are earnest of his
person of taste is insensible to their charm? skill. He is a walking sampler of his dyes; the proofs
of his proficiency are upon
bim.
Hitherto, accurate information about the
different makes and makers has been well-nigh
aware of the dyer from afar off. Red, green, or purple
inaccessible. The principal source of knowl from bead to heels, be challenges sight when he is yet
edge has been the statements of native dealers,
half a mile distant. There is the pride of a sultan in
themselves not always well informed, nor free
his carriage, and in his soul, it is plain, a chromatic
joy which religion cannot give. He is a fine bit of
from the proverbial unreliability of their kind.
color against the tame background of the town. In
Of books upon the subject there have been
baggy knee-nethers and white camisole, his head all
none save a few costly publications such as swaddled in a mighty turban, and his fat leathern
Vincent Robinson's " Eastern Carpets"; and
pouch for pipe, tobacco, knife, money, and trinkets,
belted about bis middle, he is a type. But add to all
the sumptuous “ Teppicherzeugung im Orient”
these his dye, which in many values of the same color
issued in 1892 by the Imperial and Royal illumines him, from the crown of his turbaned head to
Austrian Commercial Museum, Vienna, com the tips of his bare toes, he is a radiant being such as
prising five “ elephant” folio volumes of litho-
Occidental civilization has not known, save upon circus
days.
graphic illustrations of some of the rarest and
“ The mind of this worthy is pervaded by a profound
most beautiful rugs and carpets owned by and, in a way, justifiable belief that he is the saving
European collectors and by the Museum. clause of the whole carpet industry. The mainspring
Copies of these books are seldom to be found of his life is the conviction that he really lends to the
even upon the shelves of the great libraries. fabrics of his bailiwick, and of his native land, for that
Instead of serving the purpose for which they
matter, all they possess of high æsthetic value. In his
own view, he is the uplifter of an otherwise slavish and
* ORIENTAL Rugs. By John Kimberly Mumford. Illas mechanical craft. Through him weaving becomes an
trated. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
art, and all the processes from first to last, are merely
use it.
;
he of the Traversing a village street in the East, you are


188
(March 1,
THE DIAL
incidental to the main affair - bis coloring of the yarns. tempts on the part of the Persian and Turkish
So he dips and struts his complacent life away, and to
governments to repel the invasion have not
be an al boyaji - a dyer of reds — is to be one beloved
of the Prophet."
met with unqualified success. Here at least is
a real instance of the banal influence of the
“Color,” as Mr. Mumford happily phrases
“money power.'
it, " is the Orient's secret and its glory.” This, The illustrations in Mr. Mumford's book
if not the whole truth, is at least true of that
are altogether admirable. The only cause for
part of the Orient where the rug-makers live. regret is that they could not have been extended
It is a singular fact that retrogression in per to include reproductions of all, or nearly all,
ception of color harmony should be the con-
of the typical patterns in use, even though it
comitant of advancement in the scale of civili.
were necessary to resort to a cheaper and less
zation. Yet the works of primitive peoples satisfactory process for the additional cuts.
are almost without exception distinguished by This would have made the book of greater
excellence of coloring ; while among civilized value to students. There are sixteen color
peoples the power of producing color combina- plates by the new photochrome process, which
tions of the highest order is one of the rarest reproduce in a really marvelous manner the
of gifts. To a considerable extent the superi- color, texture, and quality of the old rugs se-
ority in this regard of the products of barbaric lected for illustration. Other plates in mono-
or semi-civilized peoples is due to simpler and chrome reproduce typical rug designs, and
more artistic methods. As scientific knowledge there are several interesting half-tone plates
increases, these methods are gradually sup from photographs taken by the author showing
planted by others which lower the cost of pro-
scenes in the rug-making districts.
duction but also cheapen the product and
FREDERICK W. GOOKIN.
substitute mechanical effects for the more
artistic results of individual handiwork with
its freedom of selection and variation. Though
the mechanism of modern printing presses and
LITERATURE IN INDIANA.*
looms is indeed marvellous, the most beautiful Indiana is a State about which it is possible
color-printing the world has yet seen was done to hold very divergent opinions. In the matter
by Japanese artizans by simply laying sheets of general literary standing, it has, among its
of paper face downward upon engraved blocks sister States, certainly no enviable reputation;
inked with a brush, and pressing them by rub within its own borders, the rather resentful
bing with a pad held in the hand; and some attitude toward the foreign opinion emphasizes
of the loveliest fabrics ever produced were unduly the importance of what the State has
wrought by Oriental weavers upon looms con- actually achieved. As might be guessed,
sisting of little more than two upright beams, neither opinion is exactly right: Indiana de-
“mere trunks of trees roughly trimmed, serves more credit than she has been given by
with the shanks of the lopped-off branches left outsiders; and it will be some time before her
to support the rollers.” The past tense is used merits will justify her own present estimate.
advisedly in this connection, for though the This sort of comment might be made of any
rug industry, under the stimulus of foreign State that has literary aspirations ; but because
orders, flourishes as never before, and the rug the very fact that Indiana bas literary aspira-
weaving peoples imbued with the inertia of the tions seems droll to the outside world, the com-
Orient, continue to live as lived their fore ment or truism is especially in point. Nettled
fathers before them for many generations, by the persistent charge of illiteracy, and hav-
nevertheless they have succumbed to the in- ing anyway a real liking for literary things,
roads of modern commercialism and have fallen the Indianian (Hoosier he calls himself, but
victims to the seductive cheapness of analine does not like others to call him so) has set
dyes. Fortunately, however, there is at least himself to the cultivation of literature, and has,
a chance of stemming the tide before it is too despite sneers and sarcasms, accomplished
late.
In some of the rug-weaving districts things that are distinctly worth while. Of
there appears to be a growing appreciation,
*THE HOODIERS. By Meredith Nicholson. “National
which it is to be hoped may continue and in Studies in American Letters." New York: The Macmillan Co.
crease, that the adoption of European designs POETS AND POETRY OF INDIANA. A Representative Col-
lection of the Poetry of Indiana, 1800 to 1900. Compiled and
and the use of foreign dyes is a fatal error;
Edited by Benjamin S. Parker and Enos B. Heiney. New
though it must be admitted that so far the at-
York: Silver, Burdett & Co.


1901.]
139
THE DIAL
case.
what the State has done in print, Indiana has rarely have the unmistakable note of passion
most emphatically no cause to be ashamed. or of charm. But if they fail to make the
She does, indeed, estimate this production far final appeal, they nevertheless are, as a rule,
too charitably, but she will arrive at a critical dignified and sincere. They show that Indiana
apprehension of her actual literary value, has an absolute craving to express itself in lit-
probably, before the scoffers have done erary form, and this means that the State has
with their uncritical scoffing. In the mean- encouraged, and will encourage, literature.
time, the two books before us, Mr. Nicholson’s | But there is too much rushing into print. The
study of letters in Indiana and Mr. Parker's craving to express oneself is not the same as
selections from Indiana poets, will do a good the need to express oneself, and this means
deal toward tempering the extreme views re that much of the Indiana poetry is uncon-
ferred to.
sciously imitative, and therefore expresses no
Mr. Nicholson's book is a self-restrained, genuine message. That in the three hundred
conscientious effort to set forth the facts in the or more poems which make up the volume
The writer traces the growth of the in there should be so comparatively little that is
tellectual life within the State, from its terri- futile speaks highly for the good taste of Mr.
torial beginnings to the present day; the Parker and his associate.
varying make-up of its population ; the indi Indiana's real contribution to literature is
vidual marks of its most characteristic institu Mr. Riley, - a true poet, if I may arrogate
tions and towns : in short, he soberly essays a the right to judge. Of the rest of the choir,
chapter in American cultur-geschichte, dealing
one notes here and there a genuinely poetic
with the State whose life he knows from within. voice: of the men, Maurice Thompson, whose
The result is an excellent piece of work. The lamented death has been but recently an-
chapter on New Harmony (that most interesting nounced ; of the women, Miss Evaleen Stein ;
and charming of Indiana towns), — narrating perhaps half a dozen besides. The many others
at length the fortunes of a community that who sing have their reward in singing, and in
from the early Rappite days has always kept knowing that they have greatly helped to clear
its face toward the light, must have more their commonwealth of an oft-repeated charge.
than local interest. The brief essays, in part The “Hoosier literary zeal” is an honest im-
biographical, in part critical, on Eggleston, pulse that no American State may live without.
Wallace, Riley, Thompson, and others, send
MARTIN W. SAMPSON.
one with an awakened interest to the
pages
of
the other volume under review. And yet it
must be said of Mr. Nicholson's book, that it
does not prove its case. It shows beyond cavil
that things intellectual happen in Indiana as
NOVEL VIEWS OF NERVOUS FUNCTIONS.*
well as elsewhere; but when all is said, it leaves
Professor Loeb's manual to which he gives
the reader with the feeling that something he the title, “Comparative Physiology of the Brain
did not know much about has been made clear, and Comparative Psychology,” is not at all a
rather than that here is something new and compendium devoted to a survey of accepted
preëminently worth knowing.
facts and principles in regard to the way in
The second book, the volume of selections, which the nervous system performs its func-
has been well managed by its editors. Their tions, but is an original contribution to the
aim was to show fairly what Indiana has done fundamental conceptions of what a nervous
in poetry in a century. No fewer than one
system is and does.
bundred and forty-six names are on the list of The work is indeed radical in its tendencies
writers. A book of one-tenth as many poets, and calls into question certain generally ac-
with ten times as much from each one as is cepted and basal notions. An elaborate and
bere allowed, would have been a book of far ingenious series of experiments upon the lower
better literary quality, but it would have been forms of animal life leads the author to the
correspondingly less representative. One turns conclusion that the responses which these or-
the pages respectfully. Here is no revelation ganisms make are essentially physico-chemical
of new poetic power, but many a verse that in their nature; " life-phenomena are deter-
one is glad to read, and many more that will
* COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE BRAIN, and Com-
not attract a second time. The best things
The best things parative Psychology. By Jacques Loeb, M.D. "Science
are already well-known; the hitherto unknown Series." New York: G. P. Putnam's Song.


140
(March 1,
THE DIAL
mined by physical and chemical conditions
RECENT POETRY.*
which are outside the realm of histology." In
accordance with this view, the function of the The perfect typography of the Merrymount
central nervous system is considerably lowered;
Press, which fittingly enshrines Mr. Arthur Sher-
instead of the currently accepted conception
burne Hardy's “ Songs of Two,” is not more ex-
of a centralizing and coördinating power, it is quisite than the verses themselves, with their
unfailing grace and their crystalline purity of dic-
maintained that “the central nervous system
tion. Mr. Hardy is an infrequent seeker of print,
does not control response to stimulation "; for he has the artistic conscience as few possess it,
“the assumption of special centres of coördi and we know that when his name does adorn a
nation is superfluous"; the nervous system title-page, what follows will be noteworthy. This
simply acts as a more speedy means of con sheaf of a score of lyrics, accompanied by a dozen
ducting the impressions, and the nervous sys miscellaneous pieces, embodies an utterance of the
tem consists of a series of segmental reflexes rarest grace and the most absolute sincerity. Here
each capable of going through a certain me-
is one of the score of “Songs of Two."
chanical activity. The essential intellectual
“We thought when Love at last should come,
The rose would lose its thorn,
function is associative memory, and it is in the
And every lip but Joy's be dumb
complexity and variety of development of this
When Love, sweet Love, was born;
function that comparative psychology finds its
That never tears should start to rise,
No night o'ertake our morn,
problems.
Nor any guest of grief surprise,
“ Accordingly we do not raise and discuss the ques-
When Love, sweet Love, was born.
tion as to whether or not animals possess intelligence,
“And when he came, O Heart of mine!
but we consider it our aim to work out the dynamics
And stood within our door,
of the processes of association, and find out the physical
No joy our dreaming could divine
or chemical conditions which determine the variations
Was missing from his store.
in the capacity of memory in the various organisms."
The thorns shall wound our hearts again,
But not the fear of yore,
The views thus set forth by Professor Loeb
For all the guests of grief and pain
are far-reaching in their consequences and
Shall serve him evermore."
seem certain to play an important rôle in
*SONGS OF Two. By Arthur Sherburne Hardy. New
biological controversy for the immediate
York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
future. They particularly antagonize the doc THE FIELDS OF Dawn, and Later Sonnets. By Lloyd
trines of the localization of functions in the
Mifflin. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
To BARBARA, with Other Verses. By David Starr Jordan.
brain, and for the moment seem to favor the
Palo Alto, Cal.: Privately Printed.
position of the uniform value of brain areas, TaE SPHINX, and Other Poems. By W. H. Hudson. San
a doctrine in vogue before the "localizationists” Francisco: Elder & Shepard.
came forward with their brilliant experiments.
IDYLS OF EL DORADO. By Charles Keeler. San Fran-
cisco: A. M. Robertson.
It may be, however, that a reinterpretation of JACINTA, A CALIFORNIAN Idyll, and Other Verses. By
these experiments, and a bringing into harmony Howard V. Sutherland. New York: Doxey's.
of many puzzling exceptions, may result from
PICTORIS CARMINA. By Frederic Crowninshield. New
York: Dodd, Mead & Co.
the changed mode of approach to these prob-
In Scipio's GARDENS, and Other Poems. By Samuel
lems advocated by Professor Loeb.
Valentine Cole. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
In the discussion of the inheritance of ac POEMs. By Alexander Blair Thaw. New York: John
Lane.
quired characteristics (and the mechanism of
THE LUTE AND LAYs. By Charles Stuart Welles, M.D.
all heredity, according to Loeb, must be found New York: The Macmillan Co.
again in chemical qualities) we have an ex LYRICAL VIGNETTES. By F. V. N. Painter. Chicago:
ample of how quickly a view that at first sight
Sibley & Ducker.
On Life's STAIRWAY. By Frederic Lawrence Knowles.
seems to run counter to current facts and beliefs
Boston: L. C. Page & Co.
soon comes into good standing and gathers to FORTUNE AND MEN'S EYES. New Poems with a Play,
its support an astonishing array of apparently
By Josephine Preston Peabody. Boston : Small, Maynard
& Co.
unobserved facts. Possibly the same fate
AFTERGLOW. Later Poems. By Julia C. R. Dorr. New
awaits these well-stated and clearly developed York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
views; and no student of this most interesting LAST SONGS FROM VAGABONDIA. By Bliss Carman and
Richard Hovey. Boston: Small, Maynard & Co.
phase of the problems of life can afford to re-
A Day's Song. By John Stuart Thomson. Toronto:
main in ignorance of the wide range of facts, William Briggs.
and the suggestive series of interpretations CITHARA MEA. Poems by the Rev. P. A. Sheehan. Bog-
which Professor Loeb has brought together in
ton: Marlier, Callanan & Co.
this volume.
TRANSLATIONS, and Other Verses. By C. K. Pooler. New
JOSEPH JASTROW. York: Longmans, Green, & Co.
-


1901.)
141
THE DIAL
19
Among Mr. Hardy's miscellaneous pieces, the verses explicit than this veiled comment.
Let us quote
called “ Iter Supremum " seem to stand out above rather from the graceful song of “ Vivérols.”
the rest by force of their sheer imaginative vision
“Beyond the sea, I know not where,
and their grave beauty.
There is a town called Vivérols;
I know not if 't is near or far,
“Oh, what a night for a soul to go!
The wind a hawk, and the fields in snow;
I know not wbat its features are,
No screening cover of leaves in the wood,
I only know 'tis Vivérols.
Nor a star abroad the way to show.
“Do they part in peace, soul with its clay ?
“I only know, should thou and I
Tenant and landlord, what do they say ?
Through its old walls of crumbling stone
Was it sigh of sorrow or of release
Together wander all alone,
I heard just now as the face turned gray ?
No spot on earth could be more fair
Than ivy-covered Vivérols i
“What if, aghast on the shoreless main
No grass be greener anywhere,
Of Eternity, it sought again
No bluer sky nor softer air
The shelter and rest of the Isle of Time,
Than we should find in Vivérols.
And knocked at the door of its house of pain !
“Love, we may wander far or near,
“On the tavern hearth the embers glow,
The sun shines bright o'er Vivérols ;
The laugh is deep and the flagons low,
Green is the grass, the skies are clear.
But without, the wind and the trackless sky
No clouds obscure our pathway, dear;
And night at the gates where a soul would go !”
Where love is, there is Vivérols, –
There is no other Vivérols."
The sonnets of Mr. Lloyd Mifflin exhibit a con-
siderable degree of mastery over the mechanics of
Thus Dr. Jordan strikes the note of sentiment;
their verse-form, and usually have enough of sub-bat a deeper note is struck when his mind contem-
stantial thought and imagination to make them ac-
plates the grave problems of man's destiny.
ceptable. The collection entitled “ The Fields of “When man shall come to manhood's destiny,
Dawn and Later Sonnets " includes an even hun-
When our slow-toddling race shall be full grown,
Deep in each human heart a chamber lone
dred pieces, which are characterized by even excel Of Holies Holiest shall builded be;
lence. Since there is little choice among them, we And each man for himself shall hold the key.
select, almost at random, the following:
Each there must kindle his own altar fires,
Each burn an offering of his own desires,
“There is a legend the Algonquins tell
And each at last his own High Priest must be."
Of power and splendor of the Great White One ;
The God of Light he is, and of the Sun,
Here is the expression of a faith that can contem-
And in their strange lore hath no parallel.
plate undismayed the breaking down of beliefs that
He, in the Summer, from his citadel,
have had their day, and can find a firm refuge in
Comes to the gates of his dominion,
And throws them open when the day's begun,
ideals far nobler than were ever revealed to souls
And shuts them in the evening. But a spell
in the bondage of superstition.
Saps his puissance when the Autumn haze
Another little book of verse from the far West-
Spreads its dim-shimmering silver on the rills;
Then to the mountain-tops he slowly wends
the work of one of Dr. Jordan's associates — is
And, idly drowsing on the dreamy hills,
taken up with the same deep matters, but reveals a
Puffs at his pipe, and as the smoke descends, mind still restless from the onslaughts of science
Behold our mellow Indian Summer days!"
upon superstition, and uncertain concerning the
The sequence of nearly fifty sonnets from which ultimate goodness of the soul of things.
this is taken sings very effectively of the procession "Says Science : 'Lo, I lift the veil. Behold!'
of the seasons in Southern Pennsylvania, as reflected
But when we turn, with eyes that almost fail,
Before the Face in darkness from of old
in the youthful consciousness of the poet during a
Shrouded, there hangs a yet unlifted veil.”
single year.
Thus discourses Mr. William Henry Hudson in
The modest collection of verses written during
“ The Sphinx and Other Poems." He has no clear
the past ten or twelve years by President David
vision of what may be beyond that other unlifted
Starr Jordan shows that the more tender and fan.
veil. But what the intelligence fails to discern
cifal sides of a man's nature need undergo no
seems sometimes to be foreshadowed in dreams.
atrophy from the most strenuous pursuit of severe
"Was it a dream?- I know not. This I know-
intellectual ideals. These verses reveal an aspect
The memory of that evening long ago,
of their author that may be strange to those who Though oftentimes I yet have sought in vain
think of him in his public character — who think To catch that wind-borne melody again,
of him as the energetic educational administrator,
Has linger'd in my life, a sacred part
Of all my deepest being; for to me,
the strong toiler in the difficult fields of science,
With some strange hint of some strange mystery,
the uncompromising upholder of the principles of
That murmur brought a solace for the heart,
political morality — but they are no surprise to his An inward sense that everything was well,
friends, and it is to his friends that they are ad-
A touch of peace, of which no words can tell !”
dressed. The opening lines “ To Barbara” are too But the old doubt recurs, and the waking hour dis-
intimate for discussion, and in view of the writer's credits the vision seen in sleep. The author's mood
recent bereavement, too sacred for anything more is that of the “ Pathetic” symphony of Tschai-


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66
kowsky; it is the mood of Arnold rather than that select one of Mr. Sutherland's miscellaneous pieces,
of Tennyson. Let us once more contrast it with and it shall be this “Prayer for a Man's Passing."
that of Dr. Jordan, as expressed in “The Bubbles
“Let me not pass till ove,
of Saki.”
Till that day's fight is done;
What soldier cares to leave
"I do rejoice that when 'of me and thee'
The field until it's won!
Men talk no longer, yet not less but more
The Eternal Saki still that bowl shall fill,
And I have loved my work and fain
And ever stronger, fairer bubbles pour.
Would be deemed worthy of the ranks again.
“Let twilight come, then night,
A humble note in the Eternal Song,
And when the first birds sing
The Perfect Singer hath made place for me,
Their matin songs, and light
And not one atom in Earth's wondrous throng
But shall be needful to Infinity."
Wakens each slumbering thing,
Let Someone waken me, and set
This is the effective major resolution of the minor
My feet to steps that lead me upward yet."
harmonies of the other poet.
Mr. Frederic Crowninshield has written a cen-
Mr. Charles Keeler's “Idyls of El Dorado” are tury of sonnets, and appended to them a few short
Californian lays and legends, picturesque in their pieces in other lyrical forms, all for the purpose
portrayal of the Pacific coast in its physical aspects, of illustrating the thesis that painters have emotions
and reflecting the free expansive spirit of its in- peculiar to their own special art, and that they
habitants. As a bit of local coloring, these Mon-
alone can give them adequate verbal expression.
terey stanzas are effective :
“ Pictoris Carmina " is the title of this volume of
"The sea throbs faintly at my feet,
verse, which does not mean that all of its contents
Amid the rocks it swashes low,
are poems for pictures, although a series of eight
In pale green sweeps
illustrations to some extent bear out this suggestion.
And purple deeps
These poems exhibit refinement and the culture
It undulates with tireless beat,
that comes from wide reading and journeying;
It pulses in unending flow.
they also display considerable technical ability.
"All green and brown the seaweed clings
To pallid rocks, wave-worn and grim;
That they are far from faultless in this respect
The mountains rige
may be illustrated by such a line as the second of
To misty skies,
these two:
The wind amid the cypress sings
We of the East, who you but yester bore,
And sea-birds wander dark and dim."
Were aliens, and variations racial show."
But the writer is not content with the natural Another illustration is this opening of the sonnet
beauty of the land which is bis home, and his vision • To Science":
foresees the added beauty of art in some future day.
In the world's race, O Science, you sore strain
Our credence with the miracles that bring
“Beauty shall here hold court upon the heights
Great gain – perchance not bliss."
And men shall fashion temples for her shrine,
Mr. Crowninshield's diction is not essentially poet-
With chantings high of praise and starward flights
Of silver chords and organ's throb divine.
ical, and it is the thinker rather than the singer
whose voice speaks from these pages. There are
“The sculptor here shall hew the formless stone
To shapes of beauty dreamed on cloud-throned crest,
too many words not yet mellowed to poetic uses,
The painter shall reveal what he alone
too many startling and cacophonous collocations,
Saw as he brooded on th' earth-mother's breast."
and the poet's hand is clearly not subdued to the
All this may well be. Meanwhile, we note with
material in which it works. Yet there are frequent
more satisfaction than all this prophecy the fact phrases that arrest the attention by their vivid
that the writer's voice is raised in indignant protest presentation of truth, and a certain not easily de
against the madness, springing from the last of finable pleasure may be derived from these stiff-
foreign conquest, that has of late made a mock of jointed measures. To exhibit the writer at his
all our political ideals, and that has infected the best, we will select the sonnet called “Decadence."
Pacific Coast more fatally than any other section “When fields are green with aftermath of Fall,
of the country. It is from Alaska that a text is
When trees parade in rich vermillioned dress,
Wan exhalations from the vales possess
taken for the following fine stanza :
The full, ripe forms of Earth, and cast a pall
“ We who have failed to rule a wilderness
Impalliding o'er mellowed hues. Withal
Now preach of liberty in tropic seas ;
Not charnıless — but the charm that doth impress
Forsooth our sway the Orient hordes shall bless
Pale fever on some deep-eyed shepherdess
While politicians trim to every breeze,
Near Rome, who croons her morbid madrigal.
O God, must our dear sons be slain, such men to please ?"
Yet when the waxing sun with lusty rays
Still another Californian volume is Mr. Howard
Burns into nothingness the vapors white,
And bares the splendid view of mount and lea,
V. Sutherland's “Jacinta.” It is
Then gladsome Nature chants his ringing praise.
volume, and the narrative poem which serves it for
0, Life, consume the pale malarious blight
a title makes up the greater part of the contents.
That bangs o'er Art, and give us Sanity!"
A simplicity and a sentimentality that seem to be “ Withal not charmless" - this is the final verdict
alike affected are the characteristics of this versified upon Mr. Crowninshield's labored but interesting
tale. Instead of quoting from it, we prefer to
66
66
11
very small
verses.


1901.]
143
THE DIAL
The poems of Mr. Samuel Valentine Cole open
with a group of pieces inspired by classical asso-
ciations, with a tribute to Lucretius, whose
“ Voice goes singing through the world,
And in it the truth-seeking soul of man,”
a tribute to Virgil, who
“In the interval between
Great Homer and the glorious Florentine,
Builded his dream of mingled fate and faith,
Now swaying toward the dreary pagan doubt,
Now, by prophetic vision a mere chance,
Toward the dear Hope so soon to light the world.”
These poems suggest the Tennysonian manner, and
suggestion becomes somewhat too obviously imita-
tion in the poems that follow. In “ The Song of
Silenus,” for example, we read that
"So he sang till on the water melted evening's golden bar,
Till the fire died on the hilltops, sang until the evening star,
Till we saw the silent Archer climb his zenith-winding stair,
And across the northern heavens stream the dark Egypt-
ian's hair."
And in “ The Bees of Aristaus find such evi.
dent Locksleyisms as these :
“Summers of the stormless heaven, summers of the windless
we
sea,
66
Linked together by as little of the winter as could be;
"Fountains singing in the covert or asleep like liquid glass,
And no poison in the flowers, and no serpent in the grass ;
“Meads of unlaborious tillage, seas without the toiling oars ;
Magic ships of cloud and sunshine dropped all treasures on
all shores ;
“And no iron-handed terror smiting at the hearts of men ;
Justice blindfold ruled the people, War lay chained within
his den."
Mr. Cole's verse discourses of many themes, but
the Tennysonian strain is ever recurrent, and the
classical interest reappears on almost every other
page. The verse is always pleasing, smooth-flowing
in its movement, and kindled with the fire of the
idealism that never becomes outworn.
The “ Poems" of Mr. Alexander Blair Thaw are
admirable in technique and sincere in feeling.
They are abstract rather than picturesque, and their
imaginative quality is of the conventional sort.
This sonnet to the Venus of Melos is a characteristic
example:
“We dare not hope to reach thy lofty place,
Nor with dark Fate to be quite reconciled.
Thy seeming sightless eyes, benignly mild
As of the early gods, or of some race
Of men almost divine, look into space
Beyond our mortal vision ; with no wild
Swift passion torn, so hast thou ever smiled —
Great love immortal lighting thy calm face.
“Born of the womb of earth, who doth beguile
Both gods and man to woo her, for all time
Thou art a thing of worship. Ah, sublime
Mother of men ! We may not reconcile
The darkness with the dreaming ; yet still we climb
The starlit heights to win thy sacred smile."
The author of “ The Lute and Lays,” in the
opening poem of his volume, thus discourses of the
themes he has sought to set to music:
“I sing of beauty as the birds
Awake in gladness and rejoice
That God hath given each a voice
To sing their joy, though not in words.
“I sing a heart-felt happiness -
The glad contentment of the soul
When joy breaks forth beyond control
And utters more than words express.
“How shall I then my gladness hide,
As down the drift of life I roam ?
All nature is my boundless home,
And love my only perfect guide.
“For in love's light my song takes wing;
Her star pervades my universe,
And all my rhapsodies are hors —
It is her beauty that I sing."
Mr. Welles fills something like a hundred pages
with pleasant little verses of this simple type. They
are full of tender sentiment, but exhibit little
variety, and call for no detailed comment.
The “Lyrical Vignettes” of Mr. F. V. N.
Painter are simple studies in verse, no one of them
overrunning a single page, and indicative of a very
modest ambition.
“I would with Wordsworth sing in humble lays,
But true in every tone,
The simple joys and woes that fill our days
With merriment or moan.
This is the sort of thing that Mr. Painter gives us,
commendable in sentiment and commonplace in
expression,
More than once, in his volume entitled “On Life's
Stairway,” Mr. Frederic Lawrence Knowles exhorts
his fellow-poets to rise to the height of their great
calling
“Unravel all your tangled cheats,
Your triple-twisted thread conceits, –
Your subtle sonnets Aling afar! -
Stand up and show what man you are !
“O juggler with the fire divide,
O hoarder of God's bread and wine,
Your dark and doleful sprigs of verse
Nod like the plumes above a hearse.
“We want again the note of joy,
The immortal rapture of the boy,
The flame lit quenchless in the dust,
The lips that sing because they must.”
But in spite of such brave words as these, Mr.
Knowles has contented himself with the “sprigs of
verse,” very pretty sprigs sometimes, as in his
“Secrets."
“O Rose, climb up to her window
And in through the casement reach,
And say what I may not utter,
In your beautiful silent speech!
“She will shake the dew from your petals,
She will press you close to her lips,
She will hold you never so lightly
In her warm white finger-tips.
"And then - who can tell ? — She may whisper
(While the city dreams below),
'I was dreaming of him when you woke me,
But, rose, he must never know.'"
Miss Josephine Preston Peabody is one of the
most promising of our younger group of poets, but
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99
we cannot say that her second volume quite renews Triumph o'er splendours of unutterable light
for us the pleasure given by “The Wayfarers.”
And know supremely this, O God, - Thou art,
The new collection includes one long piece — an
Feeling in all this tumult of my soul
Grand kinship with the glory of Thy might."
Elizabethan play- and a number of essentially
lyrical compositions. Of the play, in which W. S.
One could not find a better description of Richard
himself has a part, we must say that it is ingenious Hovey's talent than the very phrase which speaks
but not convincing. The other pieces suffer from
of “turbulent music struggling to break girth."
too much of what may be called pale abstraction.
His verse always seems to chafe against the limita-
They are best when they are most simple, as in these
tions of form, and he recks little for such minor
verbal infelicities as the use of “grand” in the
stanzas :
"Now the roads, hushed with dark,
closing line. On the other hand, the more surely
Lead the homeward way,
artistic instinct of Mr. Carman makes the author-
I will rest, I will hark
ship of such a piece as Marigolds” absolutely an-
What the weeds can say ;
Wondering in the afterglow,
mistakable.
Heart's-ease of the day.
“The marigolds are nodding;
I wonder what they know.
“One day more, one day more.
Go, listen very gently ;
Ay, if it were now!
You may persuade them so.
There the city smoke goes soft,
“Go, be their little brother
Melting in the blue ;
As humble as the grass,
And the highways, vext with dust,
And lean upon the hill-wind,
Heal them in the dew."
And watch the shadows pass.
Mrs. Dorr's “ Afterglow,” in which her later
“Put off the pride of knowledge,
poems have been collected, is serene with the soft
Put by the fear of pain;
You may be counted worthy
radiance of the just accomplished twilight. The
To live with them again.
writer has been a graceful and melodious singer
“Be Darwin in your patience,
through all her years, and her song is still sweet
Be Chaucer in your love;
and sincere. We may quote the following sonnet
They may relent and tell you
as expressive of the spirit that breathes through
What they are thinking of.”
these chastened pages.
Even when the note becomes grotesque or didactic,
“Whom the Gods love die old! Oh life, dear life,
departing widely from the ordinary lyrical gamut,
Let the old sing thy praises, for they know
How year by year the summers come and go,
the distinctive qualities of the two poets are none
Each with its own abounding sweetness rife!
the less apparent. He would be a dull observer
They know, though frosts be cruel as the knife,
who would not be sure to whom to attribute “ The
Yet with each June the perfect rose shall blow,
Sceptics."
And aisies blosso and the green grass grow,
Triumphant still, unvexed by storm or strife.
“It was the little leaves beside the road.
They know that night more splendid is than day;
“Said Grass, "What is that sound
That sunset skies flame in the gathering dark,
So dismally profound,
And the deep waters change to molten gold ;
That detonates and desolates the air?'
They know that Autumn richer is than May;
"That is St. Peter's bell,'
They hear the night-birds singing like the lark -
Said rain-wise Pimpirnel;
Ah life, sweet life, whom the Gods love die old !"
'He is music to the godly,
Though to us he sounds so oddly,
The Last Songs from Vagabondia" form the
And he terrifies the faithful unto prayer.'
third booklet in the series which embodies the
“Then something very like a groan
joint activity of Mr. Bliss Carman and the late
Escaped the naughty little leaves.
Richard Hovey. The poems are credited to their
“Said Grass, 'And whither track
respective writers, but this precaution is hardly
These creatures all in black,
necessary with two men whose lyrical styles are so
So woebegone and penitent and meek?'
widely diverse. There are few pieces in the book
• They're mortals bound for church,'
wbich a careful critic could not certainly assign to
Said the little Silver Birch ;
"They hope to get to heaven
its proper authorship without the warrant of any
And have their sins forgiven,
formal indication. Richard Hovey's sonnet “From
If they talk to God about it once a week.'
the Cliff” may be taken as a characteristic example
And something very like a smile
of his work.
Ran through the naughty little leaves.
“Here on this ledge, the broad plain stretched below,
“Said Grass, "What is that noise
The calm hills smiling in immortal mirth,
That startles and destroys
The blue sky whitening as it nears the earth,
Our blessed summer brooding when we're tired ?'
Afar where all the summits are aglow,
"That's folk a-praising God,'
I feel a mighty wind upon me blow
Said the tough old cynic Clod;
Like God's breath kindling in my soul a birth
*They do it every Sunday,
Of turbulent music struggling to break girth,
They'll be all right on Monday;
I pass with Dante through eternal woe,
It's just a little habit they've acquired.'
Quiver with Sappho's passion at my heart,
See Pindar's chariots flashing past the goal,
“And laughter spread among the little leaves."
-


1901.]
145
THE DIAL
66
And the reader would be no less dull who should once a passport to favorable consideration for
hesitate for a moment about the proper ascription whatever else he might publish, and when a volume
of the following sonnet.
of verse of the same anthorship appeared not long
Our Gothic minds have gargoyle fancies. Odd,
since, we anticipated from its reading a genuine
That there will come a day when you and 1
pleasure. That anticipation has not been disap-
Shall not be you and I, that we shall lie
pointed, for “Cithara Mea " is a collection of pieces
We two, in the damp earth-mould, above each clod
A drunken headstone in the neglected sod,
that stir the deepest emotions, and appeal to the
Thereon the phrase, Hic Jacet, worn awry
most spiritual part of our being. Technically, they
And then our virtues, bah!- and piety,-
are very faulty, but they contain so much of the
Perhaps some cheeky reference to God!!
substance of true poetry, that we may well pardon
And haply after many a century,
the occasional redundancies and cacophonies. As
Some spectacled old man shall drive the birds
A moment from their song in the lonely spot
befits the writer's calling, these poems are mainly
And make a copy of the quaint old words —
religious in their inspiration, and the note is boldly
They will then be quaint and old — and all for what?
sounded in “ The Hidden ” and “The Revealed,”
To fill a gap in a genealogy.".
the two pieces which open the volume. Those
Mr. John Stuart Thomson belongs to the group moods of rapture and mystical exaltation which are
of young Canadian singers who have contributed the very essence of religion are not often imparted
so largely to American literature during the past to readers as this verse succeeds in imparting them,
score of years, and who have helped to bring into and the spirituality of the utterance is no more
our poetry that penetrative interpretation of natural striking than is the imaginative splendor of the
beauty which is one of the most marked character diction wben at its best.
istics of American song. Reviewing an earlier · God's vesture carves and floats around His throne,
volume by Mr. Thomson, we said: “It is remark As float ensanguined clouds at eventide ;
able how close to the heart of nature these young
His Heaven is thickly peopled; yet alone
Canadian poets contrive to keep. They have the
In their majestic solitude abide
faculty of observation — minute, accurate, and at
“The Holy Ones. No angel wing hath swept
The golden dust of all the centuries,
the same time sympathetic — in a degree quite ex-
Or tears the lonely Æons have bewept,
traordinary even to-day, and almost unknown in
And sunk into the silence of eternities,
English poetry before Tennyson opened our eyes.”
“There where His footstool stretches thro' the cloud ;
Recalling this half-forgotten comment, we wish to
Yet, the vast silences of God are stirred
supplement it by noting in “ A Day's Song,” Mr. By all the pauseless waves that cry aloud
Thomson's new volume, something of the quality
In anthems that afar are feebly heard,
of rich sensuousness of which Keats had so imperial “Although the orbed heaven reels and quakes
a mastery. Our warrant for this saying shall be
Under the thunders that are over rolled
an extract from the ode which Mr. Thomson,
From shrill-voiced spirits o'er the quivering lakes
Of spaces populous, or of worlds unsouled.”
greatly daring, has dedicated to " Autumn."
"Now dreams fall in the valleys of the night;
More than once, in reading these companion poems
The last red poppy stills its ardent breast;
of doubt and faith in alternation, we have been re-
No more the morning, with a hand of light,
minded of the great central poem of the century
Will wake its petals from their dreamy rest;
Sighs from each breeze the sad, sweet slumber song ;
upon this subject — the supreme expression of
Sleep, like the dew, falls from the Evening's wings, Tennyson's genius. Father Sheehan's blank verse
And every Beauty veils its eyes in tears ;
is sometimes very fine indeed, as in his story of
What woes to thee belong,
“ Sentan the Culdee," the monk who dallied with
Most mournful time, that not a robin sings,
To melt thy heart shut up in friendless fears.
the imaginings of heathen philosophers until his
faith was on the point of losing its moorings. He
“Departing glory leaves the world forlorn;
E'en as the moon, above the Delian shrine
is ordered, for the saving of his soul, to become a
Forsaken, through these barren fields of corn
hermit, and these are the words of the Abbot who
A pallid light, a sorrow half divine,
pronounces the decree of exile:
Falls on the silent moody wilderness;
No harvest bells, laughter of lovers young,
“Thy bed — the heather, salted by sea-winds;
No music of the ringing scythe, is heard ;
Thy books — the open manuscripts of God;
Almost a god's distress
Thy food – whate'er the sea-fowl bring to thee.
Hangs o'er these valleys, where of eld was sung
Once and again, thou mayst near approach
The cells, where dwell the brethren of Ardmor,
The fluted joyance of a summer's bird."
To shrive thee, and receive the Paschal guest.
The glorious poem from which these two stanzas But thou shalt shun all intercourse with men,
are taken would adorn the coronal of a singer of
And love the silent solitudes of God.
Perchance in some far off and distant time,
high renown; it offers renewed evidence of the
When thou, through fires of discipline and prayer,
truth expressed by him who wrote, “ The poetry of The dim mists cleansed from thy half-blinded eyes,
earth is never dead."
Hast, in the sacred silence of the seas,
Pondered the dread exorbitance of God:
We read “My New Curate,” by the Rev. P. A.
Thou mayest go forth to see the blinding face
Sheehan, a few months ago with so much quiet Of Him, to whom the stars are blackened slags,
satisfaction that the name of the writer became at And angels' faces blurred and stained with sin."


146
[March 1,
THE DIAL
tears.
Such verse as this is rare enough in our modern And our parody shall be an excerpt from “ Saturnia
time, as rare, perhaps, as the lost faith bemoaned Regna,” after whom we need not specify.
by the poet, when he sings of
But too long hath the gold of the merchant been locked
“These leaden days, from which the sun
from the heart of greed,
Of God's sweet Face hath vanished into night,
Too long hath the harvest whitened for the hand that gave
And in the depths His voice hath died away.'
the seed;
Although religious inspiration gives the breath of
Too long is the palace mosaic and its light of starry lamps
Blind to the Cadger and dumb to the honest shuffle of
life to Father Sheehan's volume, there are occasional
Tramps,
pieces of lighter strain, such, for example, as the And the harp of the Singer of Sigurd wreathed green with
lyric “Cosette," with its pathetic invocation to the
the bay-leaves' due
spirit of a lost child :
To ‘After the Ball,' and Daisy,' and Linger Longer Loo,
But O, for the Sun that we see not, and the Moon whereof
“Across the gray sands of Dipan,
none knows,
Cosette !
Comest thon, bird of sea and song,
Save the Year of the Flowering Yule-tide, and the Field
of the Thornless Rose,
Cosette !
Where the Pen sball be as the Shovel, and the Night shall
Thy hair-cloud streaming far behind,
be as the Day,
Vexed by the teasing, amorous wind,
And the Greed of the Heart shall perish and its Longing
Light in thy laughing eyes, and kind,
pass away;
Cosette!"
Where the lute shall be dumb and the viol, and dumb in
Finally, to do anything like adequate justice to
the happy years
this volume, we must reproduce this noble sonnet The music cradled of sorrow, the song that blossoms for
upon the “Mer-de-Glace.”
Thither when comes the Spoiler, what need of a Battle
“Hither God brought His rebel seas to try
Call,
How high His wrath could lash them, unrelieved
Where each hath less than a little, and little, belike, have
By sinking spaces or by lowering sky
all ?
But they, by loftiest altitudes deceived,
Should he tarry for nought who hath nothing? Nay, hard
Leaped to his lash as if they fain believed
over holt and heath
They too could sweep the skies, and there deory
He will hie as the Dog to his kennel with all that is his in
His mandate when the smoking altars heaved
his teeth.
And sullen waters left the hill-tops dry.
So all that is ours shall be all men's—the heart and the
“But He, resenting such Titanic pride,
hand and the brain,
Transfixed them in columnar ice and stone,
When over the ghost of a nation shall the risen Balder
Leaving vast valleys in their solitude.
reign."
There till the scythes of the last lava-tide
This is fooling, no doubt, but it is more than that,
Shall level all things, all proud things dethrone,
The spirits of those Stylites dream and brood."
and we are glad that the socialist is met with his
own weapons, and shown how effective they may
Here is splendor of imagination and to spare. There
prove in hostile hands.
is not a poet living who might not be proud to
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
have written this sonnet.
It is not often that one thin volume displays the
versatility of Mr. C. K. Pooler's “ Translations and
Other Verses."
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
Taking the contents in order, we
find (1) some graceful translations from the Latin,
The origin
One of the best accounts of the origin
ranging all the way from Catullus to Landor, (2)
and development and development of the alphabet is
a section of pieces, mostly lyrical, in conventional of the alphabet. Mr. Edward Clodd's recent contri-
forms, (3) a few ballads in Ulster dialect, combining bution to the “ Library of Useful Stories ” (Apple-
humor with pathos, and both genuine, (4) some ton), entitled “The Story of the Alphabet.” In a
excellent fooling in the form of parodies on Brown volume of two hundred pages, including ninety
ing, Mr. Kipling, Mr. Swinburne, Morris, Burton
illustrations, he contrives to tell with surprising
(of the “ Anatomy "), and Bacon (of the “Essays”), fullness the history of the leading alphabets of the
and (5) an appendix of neatly-turned Latin verses.
world. If any justification of the book were needed,
Tbree of these sections we leave to be read by title,
Mr. Clodd's, as given in his preface, would suffice:
reserving our quotation space for a specimen each that it fills a gap in discussing with comparative
of the lyric and the parody. Our lyric shall be fullness “ those primitive stages of the art of
“ The Evening Campion."
writing, knowledge of which is essential for tracing
“Thy form will lure no maiden's eye,
the development of the art, so that its place in the
White flower that flowerest free,
Nor here will flaunt the butterfly,
general evolution of human inventions is made
Nor hither stoop the bee,
clear"; and in stating the evidence furnished by
And faintest airs of the blue sky
the discoveries of Professor Flinders Petrie in
Unsweetened float by thee.
Egypt (a summary of which is found in the “Jour-
“Yet lips unknown to morning's light
nal of the Anthropological Institute,” xxix. 204-
Drink here beneath the moon ;
206, 1899) and Mr. Arthur J. Evans in Crete, no
Scarce mark our eyes the glimmering flight,
reference to these discoveries occurring in the 1899
Scarce heed our ears the tune
Of softer winglets of the night
reprint of Canon Taylor's book. It is interesting
Than any wings of noon."
to note that whereas the first edition of Taylor


1901.]
147
THE DIAL
66
(1883) disposed of the Cretan alphabet in a foot (in Latin), 1672, 1689 (in Latin), 1869 (Arber's
note of two lines (ii. 64), Clodd has found it neces edition), 1872 (Hindley's edition), and 1900, in
sary to devote thirty-six pages to “ The Cretan Mr. R. W. Rait's neat little volume entitled “A
and Allied Scripts.” His able summary of Evans's Royal Rhetorician " (Brentano's). To be sure, the
“Cretan Pictographs and Pre-Pbænician Script” “ Counterblaste," while of no great literary value,
is one of the most interesting parts of the book. is not bad entertainment for an hour's smoke ; it
He draws no conclusion, but declines to accept M. is certainly one of the most readable of the king's
de Rouge's theory, which Taylor supports, that the works. With it Mr. Rait has printed “ Ane Schort
Phænician letters came from the Egyptian hieratic Treatise on Scottis Poesie" and extracts from
writing, preferring to look for a future confirma Essayes of a Prentise” and “The Psalms of
tion of Evans's theory that “the rudiments of the David Translated." The texts are those of the
Phænician writing may after all have come in part first editions somewhat modernized, qu being re-
at least from the Ægean side.” He differs further placed by w, and y being used where Mr. Arber
from Taylor in regard to the Indo-Bactrian alpha- printed %, which, whatever its history, cannot now
bet of the Asoka edicts, with Burnell considering stand for the sound of 2. On page 12, line 11,
it as of Iranian origin, whereas Taylor regards it read aboue ; line 3, f. b. read it ; on page 85, line 3,
as coming from the Sabean; and he does not ac f. b. add the date, 1620. Difficult words are en-
cept Taylor's theory of the Greek origin of the closed in brackets - an improvement in convenience
runes, leaving the problem unsettled. The book is on the ordinary glossary. Prefixed is an interesting
marked by catholicity of view and freshness of study of the writings of King James, in which Mr.
style. Two misprints have been noted: p. 71, 1. 13, Rait does full justice to his author without losing
read Taylor ; p. 172, 1. 13, Pelasgia.
sight of the mediocrity which marked this royal
scribbler; and appended is a list of the king's chief
An English
That a bundle of manuscript origi- writings. The volume is embellished with a portrait
sailor's lively nally prepared for publication should
of the king, and with facsimiles of the title-page
narrative.
have waited seventy-six years before
of Bishop Montague's edition of 1616 and of the
finding a publisher may in general be taken as fair
Psalms translation published in 1636.
presumptive evidence that the matter is scarcely
worth printing. But such is not the case with the
Sixth in the “ Semitic Series"
Babylonians
memoirs, diary, and correspondence of Captain
and Assyrians.
(Scribners) the Rev. A. H. Sayce,
John Boothby, of the Royal Engineers, a British
professor of Assyriology at Oxford,
officer of Napoleonic times, which writings are now puts forth “ Babylonians and Assyrians," a title
at last issued, under the title of "Under England's borne by no less than four volumes of the thirteen
Flag” (Macmillan). Captain Boothby was a gal. announced. Mr. Sayce has made an interesting
lant soldier, and a pious, cheery soul withal, who book, though he has not been able to escape the
saw much picturesque adventure and some bard flavor of the class-room, and he moves slowly amid
fighting under Sir John Stuart and Sir John Moore. a mass of material that would have been illumina-
As a raw young subaltern he accompanied Sir ting if it could have been realized. Among the
James Craig on the expedition to Italy and Sicily important disclosures of the narrative is the knowl.
in 1805. In 1808 he went to Sweden with Sir edge given of the great money lending and banking
John Moore, and in the same year he sailed to join firm of Egibi, founded somewhat before the day of
that gallant soldier in the Peninsula. The closing Sennacherib, and extending its history down through
chapters of the volume narrate Captain Boothby's the period of the Persian conquest. This institu-
experiences in the Peninsular campaigns, and in tion was as dominant a factor in this ancient and
clude an account of the Battle of Corunna. The almost forgotten world as the Rothschilds are in
style of the book, notably of the many letters it the world to-day, its records constituting a most
contains, is lively and graphic, and one gets from valuable discovery. It would appear that in this
it an impression of a rarely pure and engaging most important branch of commerce, the finance
character. Some of the Spanish and Portuguese of the twentieth century after Christ is no great
adventures remind one not a little of Borrow advance upon that of the ninth century before
though we do not mean to charge the Captain, who Christ, just as the wars of conquest of the two
is clearly the soul of truth, with honest Lavengro's periods show “practical” Christianity to be little
addiction to the long bow. There are a number more effective in international morals than the
of illustrations, including some quaint pen-drawings worship of Sennacherib's particular Lord of Hosts.
from the author's diary.
There is no index an unpardonable omission.
As a literary man King James the
The ninth volume of the “ Epochs
Writings of
A handy, lucid
First of England has fared better
a royal scribbler.
bonk on the of Church History” series is Mr.
than many of his contemporaries of
Reformation.
Williston Walker's work on “ The
equal or greater ability. His “ Counterblaste to Reformation ” (Scribners). The purpose of the
Tobacco," for example, has been published in no series, in presenting church history, is apparently
less than eight different editions : 1604, 1616, 1619 secured by an omission of purely political relations,


148
[March 1,
THE DIAL
The art
on
and an expansion of theological and doctrinal ques. really valuable work, filled with illustrations and
tions. There is nothing new in the book, either in maps as it is, is noteworthy among its kind for the
matter, treatment, or arrangement; it is merely a sympathy it shows for the natives. There is no
restatement of the essential facts of the period. attempt at literary expression in the book, but its
Nevertheless, the author's work is not without merit, plain, matter-of-fact manner is more praiseworthy
for his style is lucid and his presentation interesting. than much fine writing and false patriotism. The
It was of course impossible, in the limited space at hand-book fills a need, and will be useful and
his disposal, for Mr. Walker to cover every detail valuable to all who would know something of the
of the Reformation, yet he has succeeded in con island that has played so prominent a part in the
veying a very fair impression of the intellectual
world's history, and has changed so vastly American
and religious side of the movement. This has been policy and traditions.
done for all European countries save England, for
Teachers and translators of foreign
which a separate volume in the series is reserved.
There is a noticeable impartiality of treatment in
of translating.
languages will find in Professor
Herbert C. Tolman's little book
the inevitable comparison between the principal re-
forming leaders, though the author falls in line
“ The Art of Translating” (B. H. Sanborn &
with modern church writers in ascribing to Me-
Co.) much sound doctrine and helpful suggestion
lancthon a liberality and efficiency not commonly
agreeably presented. It is plainly inspired by
Cauer's “ Die Kunst des Uebersetzens,” a practical
attributed to him by political and socialistic students.
These latter more frequently find bis actions not
little manual designed for the use of teachers of
in harmony with the elevated and non-partisan
the classics, which we would like to see translated
character of his writings, and criticize him for
into English, Professor Tolman's work being in no
sense a translation or an adaptation of it. Professor
very apparent inconsistencies. Mr. Walker's book
is very readable, and will be of service for handy
Tolman also acknowledges his debt to Professor
W. G. Hale, to whom, he justly adds,
reference.
more than
to any other American scholar we owe the practical
Doubtless the horrors of the Chinese
An interesting
method of reading Latin now so generally adopted."
account of capital during the recent murderous
Professor Tolman's eighty odd pages are replete
the siege of Peking. protest against European aggression with the marks of ripe scholarship, and reflection
are not likely to divest even the most pronounced bred of practical experience, and they are so
Christians present of the old Adam that is in them. brightened with epigram and extract that the reader
Still, it is difficult to see why the Reverend William is lured on pleasantly from chapter to chapter for-
Alexander Parsons Martin, D.D., LL.D., lately getful of the didactive purpose of the author.
president of the Chinese Imperial University and
a mandarin of the second class, should have clad
Pictures of
There is nothing pleasanter in its
bimself in heavy marching order, repeating rifle Shakespeare's kind that we know of than a leis-
country.
and all, and posed before an American camera for
urely jaunt through leafy Warwick-
the frontispiece to “The Siege of Peking” (Revell), shire, rich in shrines and scenic allurements, and
announced by the publishers as “the first to tell as a good pictorial substitute, or preparative, for
the story," and the outbreak it describes as
“ the
such a jaunt we take pleasure in calling attention
most unique event in history.” Dr. Martin says to John Leyland's copiously illüstrated thin octavo
the siege was the act of the imperial government
volume entitled “ The Shakespeare Country
of China itself, and he breathes the threats against (Scribners' Importation). The work is essentially
the Chinese, innocent and guilty alike, which have à picture book, though the plates are accompanied
made us wonder recently if Islam and Christendom by the indispensable quota of descriptive text. Mr.
are not exchanging their places in respect of the Leyland is to be unreservedly complimented on his
manner of tenets and propaganda. There is nothing selection of subjects for illustration, and the plates
in Dr. Martin's work to show what has been done are of good quality mechanically.
by the Christian Powers to provoke the attack,
though he admits it was not “wholly unjustifiable."
His account is a mixture of the old “ Trust in God
BRIEFER MENTION.
and keep your powder dry,” which has proved so
efficacious upon other occasions in the history of
Volumes VII. and VIII. of “ The World's Orators"
the American people, and is interesting, even though (Putnam), edited by Dr. Guy Carleton Lee, have just
been received. The first of these volumes completes
it does not make the most of its opportunities to
the section devoted to Englishmen, and includes ten
describe the horrors of the siege.
examples, from Erskine to Gladstone. The other vol-
A “Complete Hand-Book of Havana
ume, edited with the assistance of Dr. Frayklin L.
A hand-book of
and Cuba” (Rand, McNally & Co.) | eighteenth century. Thirteen men are represented,
Riley, is devoted to American secular oratory of the
Havana and Cuba.
has been prepared by Mr. Albert J.
among them being Otis, Hancock, Warren, Henry,
Norton, who made a tour through the island last
Hamilton, Washington, and Samuel Adams. Ten of
year. Mr. Norton is a firm believer in “Cuba
the thirteen bave portraits. Two more volumes will
Libre,” to which his book is dedicated, and his complete this dignified and valuable work.
1


1901.)
149
THE DIAL
The third volume of Professor A. B. Hart's “ Amer-
ican History Told by Contemporaries,” published by
the Macmillan Co., covers the period 1783-1845, and
has for its subject “National Expansion.” We are
glad that this work is nearing completion, because it is
of the utmost value to teachers of history in our schools
and colleges, and cannot too soon be placed within their
reach. The volumes are of such generous dimensions
that they really serve to illuminate the subject, which
cannot be said of some of the scrappy source books
that have recently appeared. There is little benefit to
be got from the study of source material unless a large
amount of it is made accessible to the student. It re-
quires to be delved in, rather than read consecutively.
Not librarians alone, but private collectors of books
as well, will find in Mr. Ainsworth Rand Spofford's
“ Book for All Readers ” (Putnam) a helpful guide in
many perplexing matters, and a safe informant upon
many subjects that must be of interest to all who live
among books and use them intelligently. The twenty-
seven chapters of this volume are simply packed with
pertinent facts relating to their several subjects; such,
for example, as bindings, book plates, pamphlets, cata-
loguing, copyright, and most of the subjects that con-
cern the professional librarian. The product of ripe
experience, the work is trustworthy, and has, besides,
no little charm of manner.
Four new volumes in Messrs. Silver, Burdett & Co.'s
" Silver Series” of English texts for schools provide
the following material: Ruskin's “ Sesame and Lilies,"
edited by Miss Agnes S. Cook; Tennyson's “ Lancelot
and Elaine ” and “The Passing of Artbur," edited by
Mr. James E. Thomas; Goldsmith's “The Traveller
and “The Deserted Village," edited by Mr. Frederick
Tupper; and Arnold's “Sohrab and Rustum,” with
other poems, edited by Mr. Joseph B. Seabury.
fully written biography of a singularly attractive and
unfortunate princess, with its lesson of courage and
patience and cheerfulness, is at all times welcome both
to the student and to the general reader, and is none
the worse for that tone of perhaps somewhat excessive
eulogy which attests the writer's interest in her theme.
“ Notes on Speech-making” and “The Philosophy
of the Short-Story," both by Professor Brander Mat-
thews, are two small and readable books published by
Messrs. Longmans, Green, & Co. The contents of both
have before been printed in other forms, but we are
glad to have them in the present convenient shape.
“ Brush and Pencil,” of Chicago, which has come to
occupy a place distinctively its own among American
art journals, bas absorbed « The Collector and Art
Critic” of New York, and the latter publication will
hereafter cease to exist. “ Brush and Pencil” is now
edited and owned by Mr. F. W. Morton, and under his
supervision the magazine has of late shown marked im-
provement in appearance and matter.
The map reproductions of Mr. B. F. Stevens of Lon-
don have for years been well known. Of special value
to Americans and all interested in American history is
his latest reproduction, “Fac-simile of the Unpublished
British Headquarters Map of New York and Environs,
1782.” The map is made from the original drawing in
the War Office, London, and is in 24 sheets which can
be joined and mounted as a whole for wall use, or kept
separate in portfolio form. But 100 copies are printed,
and are offered on subscription only, by Messrs. B. F.
Stevens & Brown, London, England.
A German edition of an American scientific mono-
graph is not often met with, although this compliment
to sound scholarship is not undeserved by a good many
of our recent academic productions. Such an honor has
recently been paid to Professor John H. Huddilston,
and we have just received (Freiburg i. Br.: Febsenfeld)
a handsomely-printed brochure entitled “ Die Griech-
ische Tragödie im Lichte der Vasenmalerei,” in which
we promptly recognize the substance of a monograph
published in English two or three years ago. The trans-
lation is by Fräulein Maria Hense.
Fitzedward Hall, one of the greatest of American
philologists and Oriental scholars, died on the first of
February, at his home in Marlesford, England. He was
born in New York, in 1825, and was educated at the
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and Harvard College.
In the latter institution he was a classmate of Childs,
Lane, and Mr. C. E. Norton. An unexpected trip to
India in search of a runaway brother, proved a turning-
point in his life, and enlisted him in the ranks of orien-
talists. He remained in India until 1862, occupying
various government posts, returning only for a vacation
in 1859, when Oxford made him a D.C.L. For seven
years, he made his home in London, where he served
in various capacities as professor, librarian, and exam-
iner. In 1869, he removed to Marlesford, where the
rest of his days were spent. Here he completed his
edition of the “Vishnupurana," and began the series of
works on English philology by which he is best known
to English and American scholars. His services to the
“ New English Dictionary” and to the “ Dialect Dic-
tionary" were very great, and were given with no other
thought than that of advancing the science to which his
life was devoted. Readers of THE DIAL will remember
the many contributions with which he has enriched its
pages, and will join with the many thousands of scholars
who deplore his death.
NOTES.
“ A Life in Song," a volume of poems by Mr. George
Lansing Raymond, is issued in a second edition by
Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
Longfellow's “Giles Corey of the Salem Farms" is
published, with stage directions, by Messrs. Houghton,
Mifflin & Co. in their « Riverside Literature Series."
· The Principles of Vegetable-Gardening," by Mr.
L. H. Bailey, is still another of the series of books upon
agricultural and horticultural subjects that this indefa-
tigable writer has been producing during the past few
years. It is published by the Macmillan Co.
A new edition of Mr. Robert S. Barrett's “Standard
Guide to the City of Mexico," is published in the city
with which it is concerned by the Modern Mexico
Publishing Co. It seems to be an excellent practical
hand book, besides being made attractive by a profusion
of illustrations.
Mr. Charles L. Bowman, New York, publishes a new
edition of “ Hints for Home Reading,” edited by Dr.
Lyman Abbott. The contents include a series of
papers
by such men as C. D. Warner, H. W. Beecher, F. B.
Perkins, Mr. H. W. Mabie, Dr. E. E. Hale, which are
followed by a classified “Book Buyer's Guide.”
A re issue of « Madame, a Life of Henrietta, Daugb-
ter of Charles I., and Duchess of Orleans," by Julia
Cartwright (Mrs. Henry Ady), first published in 1894,
is imported by Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co. This care-


150
(March 1,
THE DIAL
***
pp. 519.
Jean-Paul Marat: The People's Friend. By Ernest Bel-
fort Bax, Illus., 8vo, gilt top, pp. 353. Small, Maynard
& Co. $2.50.
Huldreich Zwingli: The Reformer of German Switzerland,
1484-1531. By Samuel Macauley Jackson. Illus., 12mo,
“Heroes of the Reformation," G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $2.
Riverside Biographical Series. New volumes: Thomas
Jefferson, by H. C. Merwip; William Penn, by George
Hodges; Peter Cooper, by Rossiter W. Raymond. Each
with photogravure portrait, 18mo, gilt top. Houghton,
Mifflin & Co. Per vol., 75 cts.
Hero Patriots of the Nineteenth century. By Edgar
Sanderson, M.A. With portraits, 12mo, gilt top, pp. 329.
T. Y. Crowell & Co. $1.50.
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
March, 1901.
Africa, Along East Coast of. R. H. Davis. Scribner.
Agriculture in Twelfth Census. Le G. Powors. Rev. of Revs.
Am. Literature, Three Centuries of. W. M. Payne. Atlantic.
Animals in Literature. George S. Hellman. Atlantic.
Australia, Scenes of Country and Town in. Rev. of Reviews.
Beet-Sugar Industry. Ray S. Baker. Rev. of Reviews.
Boer War, The. Herbert E. Horwill. Forum.
Brahms, Recollections of. Georg Henschel. Century.
British Confederation, J. W. Root. Atlantic.
Browning, Santayana on. Helen D. Woodard. Poet-Lore.
Business Situation in U.S. C. R. Flint. North American.
Canada, British Rule in. Sir J. G. Bourinot. Forum.
China, The Settlement in. . T. F. Millard. Scribner.
Chinese iplomacy, Machiavelli of. R. E. Lewis. Forum.
Colonial Poets, Early. A. Kingsley Glover. Poet-Lore.
Cuba, Independence of. Frank D. Pavey. North American.
· Democracy and Efficiency. Woodrow Wilson. Atlantic.
Democratic Party, The. Charles Denby. Forum.
Dramatic Season, Recent. W. D. Howells. North American.
Edward VII. W. T. Stoad. Review of Reviews.
Edward VII., Career of. J. Castell Hopkins. Forum.
Empress Dowager, Flight of, Luella Miner. Century.
English Language in America. Brander Matthews. Scribner.
Fossil Beds, The. John Day. J. C. Merriam. Harper.
Freedmen's Bureau, The. W. E. B. Du Bois. Atlantic.
Garden, Making a. Anna L. Merritt. Lippincott.
Grooian Discoveries, Recent. Chas. Waldstein. No. Amer.
Homicide and Italians. Napoleone Colajanni.. Forum. -
Immigrants, Among the. Arthur Henry. Scribner.
Iron Mining. · Waldon Fawcett. Century.
Japan, Impressions of. Henry C. Potter. Century.
•Journalism, Tabloid." Ą. Maurice Low. Forum.
King of England, The. Sir C. W. Dilke. North American.
Labor Conditions in Switzerland. W. B. Scaife. Forum.
Labor Disputes, Settlement of. J. R, Commons. R. of R.
Life after Death, Nature of. J. H. Hyslop. Harper.
MoKinley as President.' H. B. F. Maofarland. Atlantic.
Map, Transformation of the. Joseph Sohn. Scribner.
Marshall, John. James B. Thayer. Atlantic.
Mexico, Native Races of. H. S. Brooks. Lippincott.
Missions, Protestant Foreigh. Judson Smith. No. American.
Municipal Ownership. Richard T. Ely." North American.
Nations, Competition among. Jacob Schoenhof, Forum.
Nature, Poetio Interpretation of. C. A. Binkley. Poet-Lore.
New York, Shopping in. Lillie H. French. ; Century.
Pope's Civil Princedom. Archbishop Ireland. No. Amer.
Positivism. Frederic Harrison. North American.
*Postal Service Perils. H. A. Castle. North American.
President, Growing Powers of. H. L. West. Forum.
Quaker City Girlhood, A. Mrs. E. D. Gillespie. Lippincott.
Russia, pes and Fears of. Felix Volkhovsky. Forum.
Russia's New Economic Régime. Henry Norman. Scribner.
Serao, Matilde. Henry James North American.
Seville. Arthur Symons. Harper.
Shakespeare's Fidelity to History. T. Williams. Poet-Lore.
Tea-Gardens, American, Leonora B. Ellis. Rev of Reviews.
Webster as Leader of Opposition. J. B. McMaster. Century.
HISTORY
Chapters from Illinois History. By Edward G. Mason.
With portrait, large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 322. H. S.
Stone & Co. $2.50.
A History of the Parish of Trinity Church in the City of
New York. Compiled by order of the Corporation and
odited by Morgan Dix, S.T.D. Part II., To the Close of
the Rectorship of Dr. Moore, A.D., 1816. Illus. in photo
gravure, 4to, gilt top, uncut, pp. 345. G. P. Putnam's
Song. $5.
The Story of Rome. By Norwood Young; illas. by Nelly
Erichsen. 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 403, “ Mediæral
Towns.
.". Macmillan Co. $1.75.
A Narrative of the Mutiny on Board the Ship “Globe"
of Nantucket, in the Pacifio Ocean, Jan., 1824. By Wil-
liam Lay and Cyrus M. Hussey. New edition ; 12mo,
uncut, pp. 163. New York: Abbey Press. 75 cts.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Celtic Folklore, Welsh and Manx. By John Rhys, M.A.
In 2 vols., large 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. Oxford University
Press.
Frangipani's Ring: An Event in the Life of Henry Thode.
Trans. by J. F. C. Li; with marginal designs by Hans
Thoma and 12 photographic reproductions. Large 4to,
gilt top, pp. 179. J. B. Lippincott Co. $6.50 net.
Eugene Schuyler: Selected Essays; with a Memoir by
Evelyn Schuyler Schaeffer. With portrait, 8vo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 364.' Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.50 net.
Italian Influences. By Eugene Schuylor, Ph.D. 8vo, gilt
top, unout, pp. 435. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.50 net.
Three Plays for Puritans. By Bernard Shaw. 12mo, un-
cut, pp. 315. H. S. Stone & Co. $1.50.
The Religious Spirit in the Poets. By the Right Rev.
W. Boyd Carpenter, D.D, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 247.
T. Y. Crowell & Co. $1.50.
Hints for Home Reading: A Series of Papers on Books
and their Use. By various writers; edited, with Intro-
duotion, by Lyman Abbott. With which is included a
Book Buyer's Guide, and a Book Record. 12mo, pp. 220.
New York: Charles L. 'Bowman. $1.25.
The Philosophy of the Short-Story. By Professor Bran-
der Matthews, D.C.L. 18mo, pp. 83. Longmans, Green,
& Co. 50 cts.
Notes on Speech-making. By Brander Matthews, D.C.L.
18mo, pp. 92. Longmans, Green, & Co. '50 cts.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne, and
A Garden Kalendar. By the Rev. Gilbert White, M.A.;
edited by R. Bowdler Sharpe, LL.D.; with Introduction
to the Garden Kalendar by the Very Rev. S. Reynolds
Hole; illus. in photogravure, etc., by J. C. Keulemans,
Herbert Railton, and Edmund J. Sullivan. In 2 vols.,
large 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. J. B. Lippincott Co. $20, net.
The Works of Lord Byron. New revised and enlarged
edition. Letters and Journals, Vol. V., edited by Row-
land E. Prothero, M.A. Illus. in photogravure, etc., 8vo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 607. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.
The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living. By Jeremy
Taylor. In 2 vols., with photogravure frontispieces, 24mo,
gilt tops, uncut. “Temple Classics." Macmillan Co.
$1.
BOOKS OF VERSE.
Harvest-Tide: A Book of Verses. By Sir Lewis Morris,
M.A. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 168. T. Y, Crowell &
Co. $1.25.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 64 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY.
The Private Life of King Edward VII. (Prince of Wales,
1841-1901.) By a member of 'the royal household. With
portraits, 12mo, pp. 306. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
Life of the Emperor Frederick. Edited from the German
of Margaretha von Poschinger; with Introduction by
Sidney Whitman. With portrait, large 8vo, gilt top, unout,
pp. 460. Harper & Brothers. $2,50.


1901.).
151
THE DIAL
1
The Prayer of St. Scholastica, and Other Poems. By
Lady Lindsay, 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 166. Small,
Maynard & Co. $1.25.
A Life in Song. By George Lansing Raymond. Second
edition; 16mo, gilt top, pp. 333. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1.25.
FICTION.
The Sacred Fount. By Henry James. 12mo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 319. Charles Scribner's Song. $1.50.
Babs the Impossible. By Sarah Grand. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 462. Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
A Year of Life. By William Samuel Lilly. 12mo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 404. John Lane.
A Lady of the Regency. By Mrs. Stepney Rawson. 12mo,
pp. 352. Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
The Visits of Elizabeth. By Elinor Glyn. With portrait,
12mo, gilt top, unout, pp. 321. John Lane. $1.50.
A King's Pawn. By Hamilton Drummond. 12mo, pp. 322.
Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.50.
Sam Lovel's Boy. By Rowland E. Robinson. 16mo, pp. 259.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
The Heiress of the Forest: A Romance of Old Anjou. By
Eleanor C. Price. 12mo, pp. 382. T. Y.Crowell & Co. $1.50.
The Monk Wins. By Edward H. Cooper. 12mo, gilt top,
ancut, pp. 351. H. S. Stone & Co. $1.50.
Wed by Mighty Waves: Romance of Ill-Fated Galves-
ton. By Sue Greenleaf. Illus., 12mo, pp. 276. Laird &
Lee. 75 cts.; paper, 25 ots.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
Abyssinia: Through the Lion-Land to the Court of the
Lion of Judah. By Herbert Vivian, M.A. Illus., large
8vo, gilt top, pp. 342. Longmans, Green, & Co. $4.
Standard Guide to the City of Mexico and Vicinity.
Compiled by Robert S. Barrett. Illus., large 8vo, pp. 162.
City of Mexico: Modern, Mexico Publishing Co. "Paper,
50 cts.
THEOLOGY AND RELIGION.
Eudemon, Spiritual and Rational : The Apology of a
Preacher for Preaching. By David Newport. With photo-
gravure portraits, large 8vo, gilt top, pp. 527. J. B. Lip-
pincott Co. $3.
The New Epoch for Faith. By George A. Gordon. 12mo,
gilt top, pp. 412. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.50.
Virgin Saints and Martyrs. By S. Baring-Gould. Illus.,
12mo, gilt top, pp. 400. T. Y. Crowell & Co. $1.50.
Comforting Thoughts. Spoken by Henry Ward Boecher;
arranged by Irene H. Orington; with Introduction by.
Newell Dwight Hillis. With portrait, 16mo, uncut, pp. 153.
Fords, Howard & Hulbert. 15 cts.
Wings of the Morning: Essays and a Sermon for Lent and
Other Seasons, By Walter C. Roberts. 12mo, gilt top,
pp. 144. G. P. Putnam's Sons,* $1.
How to study the Life of Christ: A Handbook for Bible
Students. By Rev. Alfred A. Butler, M.4. 12mo, pp. 175.
Thomas Whittaker.. · 75 gts,
OUT-DOOR BOOKS.
The Mushroom Book: A Popular Guide to the Identifica-
tion and Study of our Commoner Fungi, with Special Em-)
phasis on the Edible Varieties. By Nina L. Marshall.
Illus. in colors, etc., from photographs, 4to, uncut, pp. 167
Doubleday, Page & Co. - $3. net.
A Handy Book of Horticulture: An Introduction to the
Theory and Practice of Gardening. By F. C. Hayes, M.A.
Illus., 12mo, uncut, pp. 225. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50.
The Principles of Vegetable-Gardening. By L. H.
Bailey. Illus., 16mo, pp. 468. ' "Rural Science Series."
Macmillan Co. $1.25.
POLITICAL, SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC STUDIES.
The Law and Policy of Annexation, with Special Refer-
ence to the Philippines. Together with Observations on
'the Status of Cuba. By Carman F. Randolph. 8vo,
pp. 226. Longmans, Green, & Co. $3.
The Jew in London: A Study of Racial Character and
Present-Day Conditions. By C. Russell, B.A., and H. S.
Lewis, M.A.; with Introduction by Canon Barnett and
Preface by Right Hon. James Bryce, M.P. With map,
12mo, pp. 238. Crowell's Library of Economics and
Politics. T. Y. Crowell & Co. $1 50.
Our Land and Land Policy: Speeches, Lectures, and
Miscellaneous Writings. By Henry George. · 12mo, gilt
top, pp. 345. Doubleday & MoClure Co. $2.50.
The American Workman. By E. Lavasseur; trang. by
Thomas S. Adams, Ph.D.; edited by Theodoro Marburg.
Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 517. Baltimore : Johns Hopkins
Press. $3.
The Nineteenth Century: An Utopian Retrospect. By
Havelock Ellis. 16mo, unout, pp. 166. Small, Maynard
& Co. $1.25.
The Social Life of the Hebrews. By Rev. Edward Day.
12mo, pp. 255. "Semitic Series." Charles Scribner's
Song. $1.25 net.
The Anatomy of Misery: Plain Lectures on Economics.
By John Coleman Kenworthy; with Introduction by
Count Tolstoy. 12mo, pp. 111. Small, Maynard & Co. $i.
ARCHITECTURE AND MUSIC.
A Dictionary of Architecture and Building: Biograph-
ical, Historical, and Descriptive. By Russell Sturgis,
A.M., and many architects, engineers, and other expert
writers, American and foreign. Vol. I., A-E; illas.,
4to, pp. 471. Macmillan Co. Sold only in sets of 3 vols.,
$18, net.
The Opera, Past and Present: An Historical Sketch, By
William Foster Apthorp. With portraits, 12mo, pp. 238.
*Music Lover's Library." Charles Scribner's Sons.
$1.25 net.
EDUCATION.- BOOKS FOR SCHOOL AND
COLLEGE.
Report of the Commissioner of Education for the Year
1898–99. Volume 2; large 8vo, pp. 1250. Washington :
Government Printing Office.
Selections from the Southern Poets. Selected and edited
by William Lander Weber. With portrait, 24mo, pp. 221.
Macmillan Co. 25 cts. net.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Report on the Census of Porto Rico, 1899. Illus., large
8vo, pp. 417. Washington : Government Printing Office.
By Land and Sky. By Rev. John M. Bacon, M.A. Illus.,
large 8vo, uncut, pp. 275. J. B. Lippincott Co. $2.
The Handy Man Afloat and Asbore. By Rév. G. Good-
enough, R.N. Illus., 12mo, uncut, pp. 252. Small, May-
Dard & Co. $1.50.
Edison's Handy Cyclopædia of General Information and
Universal Atlas. New and revised edition ; 24mo, pp. 512.
Laird & Lee. 50 ots.; paper, 25 cts.
Augen
uthors
gency
2
NINTH YEAR. Criticism, Revision
Disposal. Thorough attention to M88.
of all kinds, including Music.
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Mrs. Burton Harrison, W. D. Howella,
Thomas Nelson Page, Charles Dudley
Warner, Mary E. Wilkins, and others.,
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UNITARIAN LITERATURE Bent FREE by Post
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CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED


152
[March 1,
THE DIAL
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Wed by Mighty Waves. A Thrilling Romance of LAIRD SLEE'S “ Kaiser" Dictionary. berman
Il-Fated Galveston. By
Sue Greenleaf. This captivating story, based on fact, presents a picture German-English. A new work of unusual merit, containing the
of the greatest disaster in modern times, mingled with the adventures PRONUNCIATION OF ALL WORDS IN BOTH LANGUAGES. IDIOMS IN EYERYDAY
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full gilt, double index, 50c.
Elizabeth and Her German Garden. Blak?) LAIRDRECRE's Electric Sparks. Electrichten and
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Under Fate's Wheel. A new book by Lawrence L. Lynch,
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undoubtedly the greatest American
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An Englishwoman's Love Letters. bonyetemi lies The New Century Standard Letter-Writer.
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ON THE SUWANEE RIVER.
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THE DIAL
a Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 a year in advance, postage
prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries
comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must
be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the
current number. REMITTANCES should be by draft, or by erpress or
postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and
for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application;
and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES furnished
on application. All communications should be addressed to
THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
No. 354
MARCH 16, 1901.
Vol. XXX.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
THE PRICES OF BOOKS .
179
INTERMITTENT IDEALISM. Mary B, Swinney
181
.
COMMUNICATIONS
182
A Much - Needed Reform in our Great Dailies.
Joseph Jastrow.
The Editing of Poe. A. G. Newcomer.
“Professor Triggs on Professor Wendell." A Reply.
Oscar Lovell Triggs.
The First County Library in the United States.
A. L. Day.
THE PRICES OF BOOKS.
For a number of years past, the condition
of the bookselling trade has been a matter of
much concern, not only to the booksellers and
publishers immediately interested, but also to
the wider public that takes an interest in all
questions affecting popular culture. The prac-
tice of publishing books at a fictitious price,
never actually demanded, is quite indefensible;
and the custom of selling books at all sorts
of discounts, based upon 66 what the traffic will
bear," if not strictly indefensible, is at least
so demoralizing to the trade that some effort
to secure uniformity of practice is well worth
making. Under the stress of the forces of
competition, the book business has suffered
severely in both directions — from the side of
the publisher and dealer alike — and the effect
upon the general public has been equally un.
fortunate, for the old-time bookstore has almost
disappeared from the social economy of all but
a few of our largest cities. The individual
purchaser of books, allured by the inducements
of dealers in general merchandise or by the
advertisements of houses of supply in the large
cities — sometimes even by the direct bid of
injudicious publishers for the retail trade-
has deserted the local bookseller, and forced
bim either to retire from business, or to add
all sorts of " notions” and “ side lines to his
stock, thereby becoming a very different sort
of person from the bookseller of a generation
or two ago.
After a long period of agitation of these
vexed questions, the publishers of the country
have at last realized the necessity of concerted
action, and have agreed upon a plan, to be put
into general operation the first of May, which
it is hoped will restore something like uni-
formity to the system of discounts, make the
retail price of a given book the same wherever
purchased, and cause whatever booksellers have
survived the demoralizing conditions of recent
years to take heart for the future. Since the
plan in question is put forward by the Ameri-
can Publishers Association, and agreed upon
by nearly all the large and reputable houses,
there is at least a fair chance that it will
AN AMERICAN DIPLOMAT AND MAN OF LET-
TERS. E. G. J...
184
.
OUR IDEA OF TRAGEDY. Edward E. Hale, Jr. . 187
THE CHURCH IN THE PHILIPPINES. Wallace
Rice
190
THE EARLY POEMS OF TENNYSON. Albert E.
Jack
192
.
•
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
193
A history of Chinese literature. - A new anthology
of English verse. - A critic as dramatist. – An eccen-
tric philosopher and his correspondence. — The
much-discussed “English woman's Love-Letters.”-
Israel's hope for the future. – A popular mushroom
book.–Two volumes on mediæval towns. — A narra-
tive of American society.-Religion in the forecastle.
- An enjoyable book on the garden. - A critical
translation of Æschylus.
BRIEFER MENTION.
197
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF SPRING BOOKS. ... 197
A classified list of over 750 titles of books to be issued
by the American publishers during the Spring of 1901.
NOTES
205


180
[March 16,
THE DIAL
accomplish its purposes. At all events, the of popular novels, which will remain unaffected
outcome of the experiment about to be made by the new arrangement. This is, of course,
will be watched for with eager interest by a very large exception, and it cannot be de.
all who are intelligent enough to understand fended as a logical one. But it is best not to
the importance to the whole public of a be too radical all at once, and we think that
healthful activity in all the branches of the the publishers have acted wisely in admitting
book trade.
this compromise. If the plan works, well in
The essential features of the plan proposed other respects, it will be no difficult matter to
are presented in the following summary. All bring fiction within its scope in the near future.
copyright books sold under ordinary trade con Indeed, we augur well for the new departure
ditions are to be listed at net prices, which chiefly because it is so moderate in its terms.
prices shall be substantially those now actually So limited a measure of reform as this has ten
charged by the leading booksellers. Every times the chances of success that a thorough-
intelligent purchaser knows that the real price going reform would have. And yet, limited
of a book is only eighty per cent of the ficti as it is, we think that it can accomplish much
tious price advertised, and the fictitious price for the encouragement of legitimate booksell-
is now to be suppressed altogether. From this ing, and for the rehabilitation of one of the
arrangement school books, subscription books, worthiest and most civilizing of human occu-
and works of current fiction are to be excluded. pations.
The publishers then agree to sell their books The example of the German book trade has
only to such dealers as will maintain the net been chiefly influential in determining this
retail prices set upon them. Thus the book- plan of the American publishers. The general
seller who cuts his prices will also cut himself system for controlling prices, as now proposed
off from obtaining further supplies. Libraries for this country, has long been in successful
are to receive a discount of ten per cent from operation among German publishers and book-
retail prices, and the discount to booksellers sellers, with results that fully justify its wis-
is to be twenty-five per cent, although this dom. Although opposed in Germany by a few
latter stipulation is not binding upon publish- obdurate undersellers, the opposition has not
A year after publication, the restriction been sufficiently formidable to interfere seri-
upon booksellers shall cease, although the ously with the plan, and is now almost com-
publisher may then have the right to repur- pletely overcome. The result has been, and is,
chase all copies which may remain unsold, at that German books are sold at uniform prices
the price which was originally paid for them. throughout the Empire, and, what is far more
When the publisher sells his own books at important, the German bookseller is enabled
retail, he shall add to the list price the express to earn a livelihood from his business. Every
or postal charges to all customers from out German town of any size has at least one well-
of town, instead of mailing “postpaid,” as is appointed book-shop, and this condition of af-
now the universal custom excepting with fairs is so warmly appreciated by the public
books.
that few voices would now be raised in favor
The result of the operation of the plan thus of a return to the old disastrous system of com-
outlined is obvious enough. If the publishers petitive underselling. It is distinctly worth
concerned shall live up to this agreement in while to increase slightly the cost of books to
good faith, there will be an end of the under individual purchasers, if thereby the business
selling of new copyright books by department of dealing in books may be kept in the hands
stores and dealers in miscellaneous goods. of bookmen, and if books of all sorts may thus
There will also be an end of retail mail orders be brought within the easy reach of book-
sent direct to publishers from towns that have buyers.
booksellers of their own. The local bookseller In expressing our approval of this plan, as
will be sure of a reasonable profit upon his about to be inaugurated in the American trade,
sales, and will be encouraged to work up his we are not blinking the fact that it means
hitherto languishing trade. The department higher retail prices for a good many books.
stores will suffer no real loss, and will prob- As a general rule, we believe in the most open
ably find bookselling as profitable as ever, and unrestricted competition in business af-
although no longer able to lure the book-buyer fairs, and are opposed to regulations, whether
from his proper allegiance, except in the case public or private, in restraint of trade. But
ers.
66 net
:
-


1901.]
181
THE DIAL
it seems to us that the book trade is of so pecul- Paradiso would distil no life-long sweetness in his
iar a nature, and bears so important a relation
heart. For the bartering and selling and envy-
to the culture of the community, that it de- ing and talking of everyday life are more real
serves to be dealt with on an exceptional basis.
than the eternal verities to him who is not born
However sound in principle the doctrine of
with the mystic vision, and would be, though one
rose from the dead to tell. Honest Sancho has
unrestricted competition may be, its rigorous been proved right so often that even the would be
application to the present case would seem to
Quixote gives over denying, and begins to lose
suggest the doctrinaire theorist rather than the
faith himself..
philosophical observer. It is a form of trade Indeed, the idealistic temperament is a gift as
protection, no doubt, but, however sinister the inconvenient as some we read of in old fairy tales,
associations of that word, fair-minded people which may fall into bad hands, which bring suffer-
must admit that there are instances in which ing if ill-used, and yet cannot be got rid of. This
protection is the policy of wisdom rather than talisman may diffuse the steady glow that warms
of selfish interest. This seems to us to be
and transfigures, or it may yield but a flickering
flame. Sometimes, as with Burns, its fitful illumi-
clearly one of those instances, and we assert
nation reveals the rocks on which the hopeless
without hesitation that a flourishing book trade
mariner drives, but is not strong enough to enable
is of such vital importance to the civilization
him to steer clear. Sometimes we follow the vague
of any community that a community may prop- gleam until we feel, as the poet Clough did of Car-
erly be taxed for its support. The tax in lyle's impassioned leadership, that it has led us out
question will be a small one, and its incidence into the wilderness to die.
will be upon the persons most directly bene Despondency is a frequent enough mood in the
fitted, which seems to us all that need be urged most practical career, whose rewards are patent to
in its defence.
all, and which has the approval of the whole world.
How much larger must be the natural proportion
of discouragement in attempts which lie outside the
sphere of common effort, and whose success, if
recognizable, attracts but cold attention. Minds
INTERMITTENT IDEALISM. enamored of perfection have a wintry road to travel
It would be hard to believe that Milton ever
in a world where the expedient and relative alone
doubted of the poetic vision, or would have ex-
are appreciated. To run a race with straining con-
testants at your heels, amid the plaudits of sympa-
changed it, if he could, for a practical view of life.
thizing acquaintance, with a great prize in sight, is
His weighing of the matter in “Lycidas” is evi-
quite different from a lonely sprint, without spec-
dently more for the sake of argument, to set forth
tators, toward an elusive goal which everybody
the grounds of his impregnable conviction, than to
voice any question of his own mind. He was too
pronounces an optical illusion.
The bravest run-
ners are weighed down by the tacit opposition, as
thorough-going an idealist, even in the days when
by heavy atmospheric pressure. Wordsworth even,
sportive Amaryllis could allure, to be seriously
with all his deliberate planning to live the life of
moved by the pleasures or practices of others. His
the spirit, had his moments when he prayed for
profound and capacious nature was stayed on itself
pagan faith, that he might recapture his lost sense
in a composure whence no accident or affliction
of the hidden beauty of the world. For him some-
could drige it. A spirit privileged, like his, to con-
times, as for poor Susan in his song,
template all time and all existence could withstand
with ease shocks that perturb or destroy smaller
“ The stream would not flow, and the bill would not rise,
And the colors had all passed away from his eyes.”
souls, attractions that would draw them from their
orbits.
And Shakespeare, the most wonderful mind, so far
It is not, however, a common privilege to view as we know, that the human race has ever produced,
in this large ab extra way the matters which make tells what he feels,
up one's personal share of conscious existence. If “When in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes,
hell and heaven were opened to an ordinary mortal, I, all alone, beweep my outcast state,
in a vision like Dante's, no such tremendous effect And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries,
would be produced. The traveller would return,
And look upon myself, and curse my fate,
like other personally conducted tourists, with scarce
Wishing me more like to one more rich in hope,
a recollection of the things he saw. If he did re-
Featured like him, like him with friends possest,
member some singular impression, it would be to
Desiring this man's art, and that man's scope,
With what I most enjoy contented least.”
congratulate himself on having only familiar ex-
periences to deal with thereafter. The value of If these are the feelings with which the sons of
such observation as against commonly received Phæbus are at times overwhelmed, what must be
opinion would be insignificant. The joys of the the dismay and weakening of the knees of the com-


182
[March 16,
THE DIAL
mon mortal who essays this quest. Uneasy regret probably lay in a deeper dissatisfaction. Suddenly
for him that turns back; no complacent success for a tender thought wells up from the unconscious
the victor; between the two, all variations of defeat deep. He is no richer, handsomer, greater than
and discouragement.
before, yet now he would not change his state with
But ab, what compensation! After Lowell has kings. This is your true idealist. The impulse,
given the details of the Florentine's exile, he adds denied to his prayer of anguish, has come unfore-
these words : “ Looked at outwardly, Dante's life seen, but here it is, and “the moon, it is under his
was an utter and disastrous failure. What its in- feet.” In a twinkling, this mortal has put on im-
ward satisfactions were, we, with the Paradiso mortality. From a clod, a thing of causes and
open before us, can form some faint conception." effects, he is become a living soul and lays hold on
Newman
says, in his Apologia, that he used to wish eternal life.
MARY B. SWINNEY.
that the Arabian Tales were true. His imagination
ran on unseen influences, magical powers, and talis-
mans. The human soul has other
ways of escaping
its limitations, and these influences need not be in-
COMMUNICATIONS.
voked with such potentialities within. In the son-
net quoted from above, Shakespeare is absorbed in
A MUCH-NEEDED REFORM IN OUR GREAT
forced contemplation of conventional values, when
DAILIES.
the thought of his love suffices to release him, and,
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
like the lark, rising from sullen earth, straightway
You conclude a note in a recent issue of THE DIAL,
his soul mounts and sings at heaven's gate. One
calling attention to the fact that one of the prominent
may be held by peremptory custom and have prac-
daily papers of the Atlantic coast is about to seek the
tical views thrust upon one, until resistance seems collaboration of specialists and scholars in various fields
useless, and the voice of the majority is admitted for its reviews of current contributions to literature,
to be the voice of God. Oüe rush of disinterested with these words: “This is the way in which the thing
feeling, an evening sky, the pure outline of a distant ought to be done, and we wish that other journals
hill, and the old charm is set working, and the
would follow so excellent an example.” Upon this
spirit is released. Lines of verse, by no means
most excellent text I should like to preach a very
short sermon.
didactic, sometimes work this transformation, when
That this is the only way in which
it ought to be done, is one of those obvious propo-
the most powerful exhortations of Emerson or
sitions that needs only to be clearly stated to gain en-
Browning or Carlyle have been ineffectual. Lan-
dorsement.
dor's lines to Rose Aylmer have no connection with How far it is a good thing that the great dailies have
effort of any kind, yet they have this melting quality invaded so comprehensively the field of criticism of
to me. With the haunting music of “Rose Ayl- | books, is a question that need not be decided in this
in my ears, I can shake off any weight of connection. That they have done so and will continue
freezing custom, and do the impossible in chasing to do so is obvious; and I am equally convinced that,
the flying goal. Marlowe and those other Eliza-
if it be wisely done, the good will far outweigh the in-
bethan playwrights loved the sound of Greek, though
cidental evils. Every publisher knows how large a part
of his copies for review go to the great dailies, and how
they knew not a word of it, because it had such a
frequently bis press notices must be compiled from the
thundering sound, as if it conjured devils. We
same source. In the aggregate, the papers are influ-
know that certain words, as well as holy water, did
encing the opinions on matters of literature of an
conjure devils in the romantic Middle Age; and, enormous proportion of the wisely-reading and of the
sure, certain dark fears and doubts that vex men’s unwisely-reading public. Their responsibilities are large,
minds now, may be exorcised by means as simple however lightly they may be carried. Many an excel
and irrelevant. The subterranean life from which lent daily paper (I mean relatively so, in contrast to
great impulses come, does not respond to logical the many more that are worse) is well made up, obvi-
appeals. That naïve old lady who drew such con-
ously gives special attention to its various departments,
solation from the rich sound of the word Mesopo- fancy that the volumes which too confiding publishers
but fails utterly on the score of its book-reviews. I
tamia, knew the potency of suggestion to open send on a venture to the best papers are swept together
charmed, magic casements upon large and noble
periodically and carried off by some omnivorous but
scenes. At a touch, apparently remote and power most undiscerning reader, who reviews or concocts no-
less, the importunate claims of society, the involved tices of them of various degrees of merit or the absence
situations that cramp and school the soul to petty of it. On the topics that interest him he produces
issues, yea, the great globe itself and all which something readable or at least coherent; the others are
it inherit, may, like the baseless fabric of a vision,
smudged over with a non-committal paragraph which
fade into thin air, and leave but the freed spirit
means black or white or any intermediate shade of
face to face with immensity. In the revolution of
grey. These neutral, conventionally-phrased, damned-
with-faint-praise testimonials are easily recognizable in
feeling Shakespeare describes in his sonnet, no ex-
collections of “press-notices.”
ternal change has taken place. Others have ad-
I have mainly in mind the great dailies away from
vantages generally prized which he has not. This
the Atlantic coast, which are, indeed, the worst offend-
is the occasion of his grief, though the real cause ers in this respect. I have specially in mind the paper
mer


1901.]
183
THE DIAL
“Gray eye
which stimulates the digestion of my breakfast, which
THE EDITING OF POE.
certainly is careful as to its political and general news,
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
its foreign items, its editorials, its sports, and its ac-
The distress of your correspondent, “S.,” in The
counts of crime; which also contains an admirable DIAL for Feb. 1, over the supposed misquotation in
musical and dramatic column; but whose book-reviews,
Mr. Stedman's Anthology, is another straw which shows
and indeed all attempts to consider matters of science how set the winds of American appreciation of Poe.
or literature in any part of its columns, are shockingly Our poets, even Poe, are household poets, well-loved,
bad. Not always so, for when the professional book memorized, but not critically studied. Now Poe is the
reviewer gets hold of a book which is in his line, he pro only one of them of whose works we have something
duces a creditable notice. The wrong is that he should like a definitive critical edition, and yet so little is that
be called upon to give utterance to criticisms upon known that a supposed error in Mr. Stedman's Anthol-
things which he does not understand, even if he reads
ogy does not suggest a comparison with Messrs. Sted-
them which in some cases is doubtful.
man and Woodberry's Poe. I can scarcely conceive of
Within a short time I recall two contributions which
an Englishman using his Tennyson thus.
may be given as concrete examples. The one was an The communication is further interesting as showing
editorial on a sensational announcement of a scientific
the futility of à priori æsthetic reasoning.
worker of no unquestioned standing, in which were
glances” is called a "distressing alliteration" of which
massed such a collection of gross errors and misconcep Poe would have been incapable! Yet Tennyson changed
tions as would hardly be excusable in a high school
“The tall masts quiver'd as they lay afloat” (“Dream
pupil. The other was a review of a book in regard to
of Fair Women") to “The high masts flicker'd as they
which every remark made was utterly inappropriate, lay afloat," and, though the change was compelled by
and would have been about equally pertinent if the
other changes in the same stanza, the alliteration was
book had been Webster's Dictionary or Euclid's geom not found offensive. And how should alliteration have
etry, instead of, as it was, a series of essays on certain been offensive to the poet of “weak and weary,
popular phases of science. The very next day appeared “quaint and curious,” “nodded, nearly napping,”
à laudatory appreciation of a manual of the most un "named Lenore"? The simple fact is that we are used
scientific, superstitious kind which was not worth serious
to “dark eye glances”; and poets may take a lesson
attention, and then (all probably by the same hand) a
upon the danger of changing their printed text. “ These
good and worthy review of a volume which the reviewer
old shoes," said Emerson, “are easy to my feet.”
had read and appreciated.
The really interesting question under all this is the
This is the absurdity of the way in which the great wisdom of Messrs. Stedman and Woodberry's adoption
dailies issue opinions on literary and scientific matters; of Poe's marginal emendations. Their general principle,
tbis is what makes “newspaper science" a term of deri which they defend, is doubtless right, and it would be
sion, and brings it about that you can find wholesale too delicate a task (à priori reasoning again) to decide
laudation of almost any effusion which an author can that the principle should be departed from in any par-
persuade or bribe a publisher to print. The remedy is ticular instance. Yet in this instance“
gray eyes
obvious. It is to have this work at least as carefully was substituted after 1845, and Poe's judgment in those
allotted as the various departments of the sporting latter disastrous years might well be questioned. Was
page, and have books reviewed and editorials written
the change made for purely æsthetic reasons, or out of
by persons who are acquainted with the particular facts personal caprice? We might at least be pardoned for
and opinion discussed, not by one who must profession- preferring to keep the color of the eyes
which originally
ally pose as a concentrated omniscience. Within the
inspired the poem.
A. G. NEWCOMER.
reach of the great dailies are professors at the Univer-
Stanford University, March 1, 1901.
sities, and specialists in all departments, who should be
willing to assume this function as part of their civic ob-
"PROFESSOR TRIGGS ON PROFESSOR WENDELL.”
ligations; and it should be the policy of the great
- A REPLY.
dailies, if they review books at all, to be willing to have
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
it properly done and make the doing of it an attractive
I have read, in your issue of March 1, Mr. Gardner
privilege to the scholar and the specialist. The notion
Teall's comments on my criticism of Professor Barrett
that the scholar is not to be trusted, is given to fads, Wendell. I am very sure that when Mr. Gardner Teall
will not abide by practical conditions of space and read comes to read “A Literary History of America” he
ability, may be true of a small minority, but in regard will not be tempted himself and he will not in the least
to the great majority of whom such service would nat-
understand my temptation. Living in the midst of
urally be asked, it is simply a superstition, a survival Massachusetts culture and Massachusetts Transcenden-
in current beliefs kept alive by the jokes and jibes of talism and Massachusetts Unitarianism, he can never be
the mentally impoverished paragrapher. The great made to feel how little these things enter into the con-
dailies have no excuse in this direction. It is in most
sciousness of one who has lived in the South and West,
cases a neglect due to a lack of appreciation of their and he will read Professor Wendell's 479 pages on Amer-
possibilities and their responsibilities, and one which, it ican Literature in Boston with perfect contentment, and
is hoped, they will be anxious to atone for as speedily dismiss the Rest of the Story with a single chapter.
and as effectively as may be possible. As disseminators
My questions were asked in all seriousness and were
of opinion upon all topics which they decide to fall
intended to arouse thought. That they do not appear
within their scope, it should be the aim and the boast
as an “examination test” is proven by the fact that
of the dailies that they print the fittest news, and the
Mr. Teall attempts to answer them without having read
most reliable opinions, even including the news and the book under discussion. (But perhaps Mr. Teall
opinions of the world of science and letters and art.
acquired this habit when he was at Harvard.) If I
JOSEPH JASTROW. was rude and irreverent it was because of bad manners
Madison, Wis., March 2, 1901.
acquired by association with the class of “social de-


184
[March 16,
THE DIAL
generates " that Mr. Wendell declares to have settled
in the West — the class that produced Lincoln and
The New Books.
Grant. We have had the advantages of nothing better
than missionary stations — most of us, like Eugene
Field, were only lately driven out of the trees.
AN AMERICAN DIPLOMAT AND
Mr. Teall's answer to one question propounded is not
MAN OF LETTERS.*
very convincing. If one is to write a literary history
of America he should take account of all the literatures
We are glad to note that one of the two at-
of America: if he confines himself to literature in En-
tractive companion volumes containing selected
glish should he call his work “ A Literary History of
America"? What lies back of the Mardi Gras festival
writings of the late Eugene Schuyler contains
at New Orleans must surely balance the life forces of also a Memoir wherein the public services of
New England Transcendentalisni.
Mr. Schuyler during his long and varied dip-
Mr. Teall's suggestion for chronicling the literary lomatic and consular career are interestingly,
doings of the United States by parishes strikes me as
a good one. When Mr. Teall finishes his Whitman and
if summarily, set forth. Besides the Memoir
his Wendell I hope he will read the two volumes on
this volume embraces the paper on “Count
the literature of Indiana reviewed by Mr. Martin W. Leo Tolstoy Twenty Years Ago”; a consular
Sampson in THE DIAL of March 1. Indiana is a typical reminiscence entitled “The Minnesota Heir of
Western parish. The writer of “The Hoosiers," Mr.
a Serbian King "; and a short story (the au-
Sampson remarks, “ traces the growth of the intellec-
tual life within the State, from its territorial beginnings
thor's only excursion into the field of fiction),
to the present day; the varying make-up of its popu-
entitled - The Lost Plant.” In the fellow
lation; the individual marks of its most characteristic volume are assembled, besides two or three
institutions and towns: in short, he soberly essays a hitherto unpublished papers, a score or so of
chapter in American cultur-geschicte, dealing with the
Mr. Schuyler's foreign letters to “The Nation,”
State whose life he knows from within." The other
volume is a book of selections from Indiana poets.
and these are, we need scarcely say, altogether
one hundred and forty-six in number. There would model productions of their kind - pleasant lit-
certainly be no blank page for this parish, and perhaps erary and descriptive causeries with a flavor of
material enough (with Riley, Thompson, Evaleen Stein,
scholarship that lifts them quite above the
and a few others, as demi-gods) for as considerable a
mythology as has been developed in Massachusetts.
common run of newspaper letters. The vol-
Upon the blank pages reserved for other parishes I umes, it may be added, are separately indexed,
would indeed write passages from Whitman: upon one and each is complete in itself, though they are
I would inscribe “ Unnamed Lands," on another - There meant to be shelf companions.
Was a Child Went Fortb," on another “The Ox-
Mr. Schuyler was born at Ithaca, N. Y., Feb.
Tamer," on another (if there should be that many
blanks) “ Laws for Creations.” I am more inclined to
26, 1840, of virtually pure Dutch ancestry.
this suggestion, because, as I gather from answers to He was, his sister and affectionate biographer
my questions received from New Orleans and San
records, a pretty and clever child, fond of
Francisco, this is precisely the method pursued by Mr.
books, flowers, pictures, music, and “good
Wendell — only he has filled up the blanks with Ref-
erences and Index.
things to eat,” and blessed, or perhaps afflicted,
And I have one more question upon the general
with so fastidious a sense of the relations be-
theme: What justification is there for the time-honored tween taste and smell that he used to insist on
belief that a man is not historically significant until he the union on the dinner-table of certain flowers
is dead ? If the rule is to be broken in the case of
Mark Twain, why need it be obeyed in other instances ?
with certain viands - sweet peas, for instance,
OSCAR LOVELL TRIGGS.
being in the opinion of this young Sybarite
The University of Chicago, March 4, 1901.
the indispensable floral associate of roast beef.
As a boy Mr. Schuyler attended the Ithaca
THE FIRST COUNTY LIBRARY IN THE UNITED Academy, acquitting himself with such lustre
STATES.
in his brief grapple with the curriculum of
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
that institution that the trustees were moved
In your issue of January 16, 1901, Mr. E. I. Antrim
states that the “ Brumbach " Library of Van Wert, 0.,
to present him on parting (when he was about
founded January 1 last, was the first county library in twelve years of age) with three large volumes
the United States. If Mr. Antrim will consult Mr. of "Selections from the British Poets." With-
N.D. C. Hodges, Librarian, Cincinnati, O., he will learn
out looking this formidable gift horse too
that the Public Library of Cincinnati was made a pub-
ade a pub openly in the mouth Eugene intimated, with
lic county library a short time before September 1,
1899. Also, by writing Mrs. S. B. Maxwell, of Mead-
some discernment, that on the whole he would
ville, Pa., he will learn that the Norris-Jewett Library,
* EUGENE SCHUYLER: Selected Essays; with a Memoir
for the county of Trenton, Mo., which Mrs. Maxwell
by Evelyn Schuyler Schaeffer. With portrait. New York:
organized and catalogued, was founded in 1894. I
Charles Scribner's Sons.
write to correct the error of Mr. Antrim's statement.
ITALIAN INFLUENCES. By Eugene Schuyler. New York:
Meadville, Pa., March 1, 1901.
A. L. DAY.
Charles Scribner's Sons.


1901.)
185
THE DIAL
rather have the complete works of one poet Odbiefsky, en famille, with his wife and one young man
than another man's selections from the works
whose name I can't recall. The Prince is an agreeable
of all of them. At fifteen he was entered at
old man of about sixty-five, a bibliophile, with a splen-
did library which overflows every room except one
Yale College, where, we learn, he worked not
salon, where plants in profusion take the place of books.
for honors but from natural love of learning, The Prince is also a musician. Nothing would do
Honors came, however, — a Clark premium
a Clark premium but I must try a duet with him; so we played half a
for proficiency in Latin in his junior year, and
dozen, apparently to his satisfaction, for he compli-
mented me a good deal, and then showed me, as a
in his senior year a Berkeley prize for Latin
special favor, a piano he had had made on matbemat-
composition. He was graduated fifth in a class
ical principles. . . . I pleased the old lady by showing
of over a hundred, and had the rank of Philo her a new game of solitaire, and am invited to a salon
sophical Oration, taking also the Berkeley and on Friday evening, when I am to be introduced to the
Clark Scholarships. A classmate of Schuyler's,
haute société of Moscow.”
Professor Wright, of Yale, bas testified warmly With the change of administration in 1869
to his personal charm and refinement, his pre came the usual division of spoils. Mr. Schuyler
cocious attainments, and natural taste and ap seems to have ingenuously fancied that his
titude for exact scholarship and broad culture. proved special fitness for his post would cause
After graduating, in 1859, Mr. Schuyler his retention in it. He was soon undeceived.
remained at New Haven for two years, and During a trip to Kief he received information
was the first to receive there, in 1861, the de- that he had been superseded, and that his pay
gree of Doctor of Philosophy. He studied law had stopped some weeks before. The consul.
at Columbia College, and, after a period of ship at Revel (something by no means “equally
preparatory office work, began practice with as good ") was offered him; but in the mean-
Mr. James Bruyn Andrews as partner. His time Mr. Curtin, the new Minister to Russia,
bent for literature showed itself early. During who knew absolutely nothing of the ways or
the period of his law studies he wrote pretty speech of the people to whom he was sent,
constantly for the “ Round Table,” the.“ New found himself obliged to blink political con-
Path,” the “ New Englander,” and the “ North siderations and select a subordinate who could
American Review," and was a contributor to supply his deficiencies. Accordingly Mr.
“The Nation ” from the time of its first ap- Schuyler went to St. Petersburg as Secretary
pearance to the end of his life. In 1867 he of Legation, where he soon became a notable
published a translation of Turguénief's “ Fath- and even a leading figure in diplomatic circles.
ers and Sons,” and this was shortly followed Mr. Curtin resigned in 1872, and was suc-
by his edition of Professor Porter's transla ceeded by Mr. Orr, through whom Mr. Schuy-
tions from the “ Kalevala,” a task for which, ler obtained a leave of absence which enabled
with his usual thoroughness, he prepared him him to visit Central Asia
him to visit Central Asia — a region just then
self by learning Finnish in order to master the specially interesting as the new field of Russian
poem in the original. The practice of law was political enterprise. Mr. Schuyler's journey
not especially to Mr. Schuyler's taste, and in was an arduous one, but he returned well laden
1867 he forsook Themis for the foreign ser with information, which was embodied later in
vice, obtaining an appointment as Consul at his book on Central Asia, as well as, it may be
Moscow. On the way to his post be formed added, in the famous report for the State
some notable acquaintances — that of M. Taine Department, the frankness of which raised
at Paris, of Sainte-Beuve, and of Turguénief, quite a gale of excitement in Russian official
who gave him a letter of introduction to Tol circles at the time. This report was prepared
stoy. Mr. Schuyler had the social gift, and at the request of Mr. Jewell (Mr. Orr's suc-
was, in fact, socially as well as officially always cessor at St. Petersburg) who, like Mr. Schuy-
persona gratissima at the various courts to ler, supposed it would be considered a confi.
which he was, during his long career abroad, dential document. The Department, however,
accredited. At Moscow, as later at St. Peters- published, in the Red Book of December, 1874,
burg, he was even, as his biographer assures Mr. Schuyler's blunt account of Russian in-
us with a certain touch of “Mrs. Jarley,” the iquities in the new satrapy, and a great hubbub
" enfant gâté” of the native nobility and gen-
ensued.
try, from Prince Odóiefsky downward. Of Mr. Schuyler's report bore good fruit in
his friend the Prince, Mr. Schuyler wrote in the shape of reforms in Central Asia, and it is
1867 :
an error to suppose that his frankness em.
“... I dined last night with the Prince Vladimir broiled him with the Russian Government


186
[March 16,
THE DIAL
-
always ready to wink at the reprehensible acts soon made plain to him that England was in
of its agents so long as they go on unnoticed no mood for fooling, and was determined to
of the world and to Russia's material profit, know the truth about Bulgaria. What that
and to disclaim them when notoriety and pub- truth was, was soon made plain through the
lic clamor seem to imperil the testamentary reports of Mr. Schuyler, and may be gathered
policy of the great Czar. In 1880 Mr. Schuyler in its shocking details from the extracts from
wrote to a friend :
his diary and letters in the present Memoir.
“I suppose it is impossible to eradicate a popular Of the proceedings of the abortive Confer-
error, but the Russian Government never found fault ence of the Powers at Constantinople wbich
with me in any way or shape, and never hinted at my
followed the disclosure of the facts, as of the
recall either in St. Petersburg or Washington I
remained after that (the publication of the Report) as
events in the city during the war which fol-
Chargé d'Affaires for more than a year.”
lowed the failure of the Conference, the Me-
Mr. Boker accepted the Russian mission in.
moir affords some interesting glimpses. When
1874, and in 1876 Mr. Schuyler was appointed
hostilities were virtually over, and the Russians
Consul-General and Secretary of Legation at
were at San Stefano, General Grant arrived
Constantinople. On his way thither be stopped
at Constantinople. Regarding his view of the
situation Mr. Schuyler says:
at Belgrade, then in a turmoil of anti-Turkish
patriotism, and where he saw Prince Milan,
“Grant is very strong in his ideas against the Turks
and what ought to be done with Turkey . . . Among
who, it is now curious to note, impressed him
other things the General said: “Had I been in the posi-
as a “very remarkable young man,
tion of the Grand Duke Nicholas, I should have re-
singularly intelligent and well-informed.” fused to make peace except at Constantinople. The
Mr. Schuyler adds:
occupation of Constantinople — for the English fleet
“He gave me much information about Serbia, and
could not have prevented it — would have been an ac-
in the course of his talk showed me that he was well
complished fact, which the European Powers would
acquainted with America, and followed the march of
have had to treat as best they could. I should have
events there better, I fear, than do many Americans
insisted on one condition that Turkish rule in Europe
had forever come to an end.'
in Paris."
The story of Mr. Schuyler's services to hu Mr. Schuyler's Bulgarian revelations had
manity in helping to dispel the cloud discreetly not endeared him to the Turks, who, with dip-
thrown by the Disraeli government over the
lomatic indirection, soon began complaining of
atrocities in Bulgaria of 'oryism's protégé
him on the score of his too vigorous support of
the "unspeakable Turk,” is too well known to his Government's treaty rights in their coun-
need repetition here. To parallel the deeds try. A leave of absence was given him, to
done in that hapless country by the Bashi-relieve the situation, and he was soon trans-
Bazouks it is necessary to revert to the days ferred to the consulship at Birmingham - a
of Attila or Tamerlane, or, alas! to more recent stop-gap, as it proved, for in 1879 he was
events in China, over which Christendom would made Consul-General at Rome, where his posi-
fain draw a veil.
tion was an agreeable one, despite the refusal
Mr. Schuyler started for Bulgaria on his of the punctilious and venerable Minister, Mr.
mission of investigation in July, 1876. With Marsh, to present him at Court, on the ground
him went Mr. McGahan of the “ Daily News,”
that it “would be derogatory to the dignity of
the London paper which deserves honorable
the Service to associate the Commercial with
mention for its disclosure to the British nation the Diplomatic branch in social matters.” Our
of the real state of affairs in the Turkish prov-
author adds, “ To a man who had been used
inces, and its disproof of Mr. Disraeli's pleas to being on pleasant terms with royalty in
ant theory that the Bashi-Bazouk, so far from many countries, this view was unexpected."
being the bloody monster depicted by “ coffee Mr. Schuyler, however, survived this early
house babble,” sentimental philanthropy, and frost, and was soon pleasantly sunning himself
sensational journalism, was, in point of fact, a
as usual in the favor of the court circle - to
mild and peaceable “ Circassian ” who was not the scandal, we infer, of the conscientious Mr.
only sweetly incapable of harming any body,
Marsh.
but was himself cruelly persecuted by his Bul. In 1880 Mr. Schuyler was transferred to
garian neighbors. Whether Mr. Disraeli was Bucarest as Diplomatic Agent and Consul-
deliberately lying, for diplomatic ends, or was General, and three years later was appointed
really persuaded of the truth of the cruel non Minister to Greece, Serbia, and Roumania.
sense he was uttering, is uncertain ; but it was In 1889 he was made Diplomatic Agent at


1901.]
187
THE DIAL
Cairo, an unfortunate appointment, for the ney says that “ in the present age there is no
Egyptian climate was unsuited to him, and particular liking or room for tragedy,” but he
soon brought about disorders which proved will probably have readers for all that.
fatal. Mr. Schuyler died, on June 16, 1890, Whether there will be many that will follow
at Venice, while on his way to Carlsbad, and him contentedly to the end is another matter.
was buried on the island of San Michele, in I cannot, for one thing, take Mr. Pinero's
accordance with his own request. In him his « The Second Mrs. Tanqueray” as typical of
country lost a graceful and an accomplished the present idea of tragedy or as earnest of the
man of letters, and a public servant of excep- future: Mr. Courtney seems to hold some such
tional fitness for the branch to which his tal idea. Now I have just reread the play (between
ents were devoted.
the last sentence and this and that with great
Mrs. Schaeffer's memoir of her brother is pleasure, for it is a strong and moving piece
simply and pleasantly written, and she has in of work. But I cannot regard it as a great
terlarded it freely with extracts from journals tragedy for a reason that is worth noting be-
and letters which are always entertaining and cause of its connection with all Mr. Courtney's
sometimes valuable. Of the quality of the dealing with the subject from Æschylus down.
companion volume we need hardly speak. The It may seem pedantic at the present moment,
letters, or essays as they deserve in some cases but I have long been impressed with the keen-
to be called, are in Mr. Schuyler's best vein, ness of Aristotle's view of the effect of tragedy
and everybody knows how agreeably and intel and that view I have understood rather differ-
ligently Mr. Scbuyler wrote on literary and ently from Mr. Courtney. Mr. Courtney
artistic themes.
E. G. J. (pp. 38, 39) believes that Aristotle held that
tragedy was useful as a purge because the
spectators, seeing " what fools the tragic char-
acters made of themselves by indulging in such
OUR IDEA OF TRAGEDY.*
emotions (as pity and fear) left the theatre "
In the last five years the young play.goer chastened and humble, realizing that feelings
and play-reader may well have wondered are dangerous guides, and emotional displays
whether in his father's time, or his grand the mark of a feeble nature. Now, I have
father's, there were brought out any such plays
never interpreted the famous passage of Aris-
Such a one has considered the reso-
totle in that sense, nor, it may be added, have
lute and earnest probings of Ibsen ; he has
I ever felt thus on leaving the theatre. My
appreciated the realism and the romance of understanding of Aristotle has been that the
Hauptmann and Sudermann; he has been pity and fear roused by tragedy were such
able to judge what there might be beyond tem-
emotions as purged out of the character (merely
porary sensation in Mæterlinck; he has seen for the time perhaps) all small and petty fears
“ Cyrano de Bergerac ” and “L'Aiglon”; the
and weaknesses. And when Aristotle said that
calm beauty of “ Herod” makes him anticipate tragedy purged the soul, he meant that the
the performance with eagerness; he may have
soul of any spectator who had seen before him
but just arisen from the new translation
the awful agony of Prometheus or Edipus,
of D'Annunzio's - La Città Morte." Is it was, while under the influence of the tragedy,
merely because they are of our own time that purged or cleansed of his own small fears and
we hold these plays, these men, great? Prob-pains. “ What are our woes and suffrance?",
ably there really is more of the true tragic
as Byron said of Rome. Some such feeling as
spirit now than there has been for many years.
this I have supposed Aristotle had in mind
It is, then, a good time to speak of Tragedy, when he lectured on the Katharsis, and some
and there will be not a few readers for Mr. such feeling I have often had when the curtain
Courtney's lectures just published. Mr. Court fell on a tragedy,—a species of calmness, of rest,
after emotional conflict. On the whole Aris-
THE IDEA OF TRAGEDY IN ANCIENT AND MODERN
totle's doctrine seems a little too confined: he
DRAMA. Three Lectures delivered at the Royal Institution
by W. L. Courtney. New York: Brentano's.
beld that tragedy purged the mind of its own
L'AIGLON. Drame en Six Actes, en vers, par Edmond vicious pity and fear. It would seem as though
Rostand. New York: Brentano's.
it might purge the mind of many another feel.
THE DEAD CITY. By Gabriele D'Annunzio. Translated
by Arthur Symons. London: William Heinemann.
ing. But even with the limitation of Aristotle
HEROD. A Tragedy. By Stephen Phillips. New York:
one cannot very well adopt the rather narrow
John Lane.
view of tragedy taken by Mr. Courtney, who,
as now.


188
[March 16,
THE DIAL
by the way, has very slight regard for the very sad things of life, is a wholly noble and
Stagirite.
fitting end to a devoted and unselfish life. It
Mr. Courtney presents the leading idea of is not tragic: Mrs. Browning was quite right
tragedy as a conflict (p. 43): the essential when she spoke of the young Lombard soldier in
character of the Greek drama lay in the conflict the hospital as “young and pathetic with dying.”
between the human will and fate (p. 43), in And like such a death is many an event in life
the Shakespearean drama between man and the which we cannot refuse to acknowledge pre-
laws of the universe (p. 70). So far his treat- cisely what it ought to be, and these events,
ment is consistent enough, though probably happy or unhappy, we do not call tragic.
not sufficient. But when we come to modern But there are also many events in life, many
tragedy, the idea seems to be different. Mr. combinations of individual and universe as we
Courtney says of Ibsen, whom he regards might say, which we do not understand thor-
rather dubiously, that his idea of tragedy is oughly, which appear to us quite incongruous,
“the failure on the part of a given individual paradoxic, inconsistent, and not at all explain-
to achieve his mission” (p. 124), and he adds able according to our previous ideas. · These
that this might be the description of every
combinations may
be ridiculous when they are
tragedy in the world's history.” But this later trivial, may be interesting when they are not
formula does not seem precisely the same as trivial but still of no great import, may be both
that which we had before, though presumably from different standpoints, and are tragic when
not inconsistent with it. Nor, if we return a they concern the great interests of those who
moment to “ The Second Mrs. Tanqueray,' have our sympathy. Thus (Edipus, to use one
shall we find that it is to be called a tragedy of Mr. Courtney’s examples, is a tragic figure,
(let alone a great one) by this definition or by not because free will struggles with fate, but
the earlier one.
What is it that makes Paula because we have here a good man who has un-
Tanqueray a tragic figure? That her life is a wittingly got into a horrible plight, he bas
conflict? that she fails to achieve her mission ? done things so horrible that to try to realize
Not at all : she has no mission, nor is her life them makes the heart almost stop beating. And
more of a conflict than is usual. Mr. Courtney why? No answer: good men ought not be in-
does not say why she is to be thought of as volved in such difficulties; we would not even
tragic: he says (p. 129), “ The character of wish bad men such luck.
wish bad men such luck. And such a spec-
Paula Tanqueray is one of the most triumphant tacle chills one (much as Aristotle says): it is
creations which has ever been composed for the one of those cases where the buman mind says
stage,” but he does not say why she is to be to itself that in spite of every precaution, — all
thought of as a tragic figure ; and a careful prudence, sagacity, far-seeing wisdom,
study of his three lectures shows that if we ac may fall into horrible evil. And that is
cept his views, Mrs. Tanqueray is not what he tragedy, for we cannot say why it should be so.
thinks she is.
Then take Hamlet, to get something typical
My own idea of tragedy is somewhat different of Shakespeare. Here is a man who has almost
from Mr. Courtney's. It is, I am sorry to say, everything of the best kind given him to begin
rather a cloudy, sometimes even a muddled, the world with, position, brains, heart; he
idea, but such as it is, it takes in Mrs. Tan. | should be one to make his mark. Instead, he
queray better than Mr. Courtney's idea does. finds himself in such a position that he hurries
So I shall try to explain it.
along the course of events and is murdered.
There is a great deal in the relation of in- That is tragic, not as being a conflict, not even
dividuals to the world in general that appears because the man is broken against one of the
to us very strange. Sometimes things go ex laws of the universe. It is tragic because
actly right, just as we expect, wish, hope, or when the conditions are once given we do not
think or admit they ought to go. There is no deny a single step, yet we cannot see why it
tragedy in such matters, although these things should have happened at all. Granted that
are not always pleasing. Often they are very Hamlet was too weak of will, how did he get
sad. For example, the death of a noble young so ? By too much thinking ? Is not thinking
fellow in war is in itself not tragic. It may the great faculty of man, the thing that raises
become a tragedy when we think of its effect him above the beasts? Why should too much
upon his widowed mother whose life had been thought put the thinker in the power of the
absorbed into him, or upon somebody else. circumstances around him? We do not under-
But in itself such a death, although one of the I stand these things. No one understands
one


1901.]
189
THE DIAL
on.
“Hamlet”; as soon as one understands it, it knew that his father had been a glorious con-
ceases to be tragedy.
queror, and he knew accurately the uniforms
And to come down to Ibsen. Mr. Courtney of his father's army. But he does not seem to
mentions a number of plays, - let us take have known much more.
have known much more. The figure offers,
“ An Enemy of the People.” Is Stockmann a then, one of those incongruities which are
tragic figure? Certainly, if conflict be the always painful to us in those who arouse our
essence of tragedy, for he is always in a con- sympathy. In fact, the incongruity is not con-
flict. But I fancy no one will finish the play fined to the Duc de Reichstadt: it is so pain-
with the idea that they have seen a tragedy: fully apparent to each one of us when we think
they have seen a resolute battle between one of ourselves and our own ideals, that it cannot
man and a hundred or more; the man gave as but have for us an absorbing interest. The idea
good as he got and at the end was ready to go being, therefore, something that absorbs our in-
He is not a tragic figure (although a fine terest, and having this characteristic of strange
one) nor is the play a tragedy. When we unexplainableness about it, we call it tragic.
turn to “ A Doll's House," we find something So much for an idea of tragedy different
different. We have here a conflict, certainly, from Mr. Courtney’s. Now for Mrs. Tanqueray,
between man and wife: but that is not tragedy, who will probably be remembered by many
we understand that well enough for practical who have not Pinero's plays at hand. She is
purposes ; a brawling house is not tragic. But not a tragic figure by reason of any conflict
in “ A Doll's House” it was an extraordinary nor any unfulfilled mission. She is tragic for
case, or perhaps it only seemed so because of another reason.
the skill in putting the case. Here were two Mrs. Tanqueray was a woman who had come
people who might have lived happily, in the to a certain
age and had got tired of her life.
main that is, with no more disagreement than It had not been a happy one; we may blame
is well enough to accentuate trust and affec- it or not, that is beside the immediate question :
tion. And why did they not? Well, the there comes a man who loves her and believes
world is going on nowadays and people are in her, and she conceives a future very different
acting under influences that often they do not from the past and much happier, and the play
understand. A hundred years ago Nora and begins. In the play she finds that she cannot
Thorvald would have understood each other get rid of her past; it comes up against her
well enough. To-day they do not, and we are more and more insistently and unbearably, and
not far enough from them to do much better. she finally kills herself. What is the tragedy?
Therefore, as they are both our friends, they Merely this : that although we know that she
are tragic in our sight. There might have could not have turned over a new leaf (gluing
been happiness, but there was unhappiness. the old ones down), we are not at all clear as
Was it by accident? Could they help it? Do to why she could not. It seems as if she should
we understand it? No, to all three. We do
We do have had a chance. Why cannot a woman
not understand Nora, and, as Mr. Courtney like Paula Tanqueray wipe out the past and
remarks, when interpreted by Duse we under begin again? First, because the particular
stand her less than ever.
kind of past that she had cannot be wiped out,
Such is tragedy always, – a pursuing of
a pursuing of and second, because no past at all can be wiped
some of the strange and unexplainable courses out. But although we know this well enough
of life. The finer and nobler the actors, the w
we do not understand it, and so the particularly
greater and more universal the evil which they poignant or general cases make great tragedies.
do not escape, the greater the tragedy. This
This - The Duc de Reichstadt was a peculiarly
is the tragic element in the story of the Duc poignant and general case of an incongruity
de Reichstadt. He is, on the whole, an attrac- of life, poignant because the character has an
tive man with a good head and heart and great intense personality, and general because his
ambitions. People love him : he ought to do case is the case (to some degree) of every
well. Now he does not do well at all, because idealist. Mrs. Tanqueray, on the other hand,
although he has an immensely daring imagina- was neither poignant nor general; she was
tion, he has also a besetting triviality that pre more the first than the second, but not truly
vents his ever understanding what it really is either.
either. So the play is not a great play, nor is
that he is trying to do. It does not appear any other play of Pinero's great, for the same
that he had the remotest comprehension of
what it meant to be Napoleon Bonaparte. He Apply the test, however, to Ibsen's “Ghosts":
..
reason.


190
[March 16,
THE DIAL
you will find that Mrs. Alving is a figure before never unready, and therefore powerful. But
which the imagination calms and quiets down he is in love with Mariamne, and so much in
and cools, so as to leave one in tbat state of love with her that she is more important to:
mental insensibility that comes of pressing a him than anything else. That in itself is a
question until we find there can be no possible tragic situation and one that nobody can un-
answer to it. Or Sudermann's “ Heimat.” derstand. But in the case of Herod, the situa-
The play is not precisely a tragedy because no tion is further intensified by his own misap-
real evil befalls Magda. But it is a tragedy prehension. He is keen-sighted in politics but
as far as concerns her father, not because he not with women. He does not seem clearly to
is a poignant case, but because he is such a understand whether he loves Mariamne better
general one: he is the father who cannot un or his power; he certainly does not rightly
derstand his child, the burger who cannot un understand her. With his absolute self-confi.
derstand the world outside the city wall, the dence he cannot see how a plan of his can go
man of the past who cannot understand the astray. Therefore he orders the death of
present. Or Hauptmann : Hannele is a bet- Mariamne's brother. Mariamne finds him out
ter instance than Heinrich in “The Sunken and hates him. He is tricked into. ordering
Bell”; Hannele, for whom the world is too her death, and then he finds out how much he
brutal and who dies in a fantastic reminiscence loved her. All this is presented in very beau-
of past imaginings. Rostand we have already tiful classic verse and the effect is very strong.
tested : Cyrano would have done as well as the Incongruity, paradox, inconsistency, and yet
Duc de Reichstadt. Cyrano is a perfectly such as we cannot deny when we grant the
general type, the person who does not get his facts at bottom, and so a tragedy. Whether
due (i. e., every one of us), but he is also a a great tragedy or not will depend ultimately
personality. Maeterlinck I must leave out upon the breadth of the motive, the wideness
because it seems almost a piece of folly to of the general appeal. The play has the pre-
speak of not understanding the action pre- serving power of style, but of course something
sented in his plays. He surrounds his char more is needed for immortality.
acters with such elements of mystery that it
EDWARD E. HALE, JR.
would be an exaggeration to say that we truly
understood anything about them. That is why
they are all ridiculous to some people, tragic
to others.
THE CHURCH IN THE PHILIPPINES.*
Mr. Courtney, then, might have found mod-
It has been one of the greatest of misfor-
ern dramatists who illustrated the idea of
tunes for both the United States and the Phil-
tragedy better than Pinero. It must be re-
membered that he does speak of Maeterlinck | ippines that their relations should have drifted
into the bubbling chaldron of American poli-
and Ibsen, and also that he delivered these
lectures before the appearance of “L'Aiglon.”
tics, making misrepresentation the rule and
Also before Mr. Arthur Symons had translated investigation a practical impossibility. But
not the exception, and rational knowledge and
.66 La Città Morte and before Mr. Stephen
an equal misfortune is promised in the possi-
Phillips had presented “ Herod.”
I have left myself too little space for these bility of a sectarian aspect being given to the
very interesting books. Of D'Annunzio's play, toward the Friars of their islands and the atti-
question through the attitude of the Filipinos
undoubtedly a powerful and emotional piece, tude of the American government toward the
it must be enough to confess that to its intoxi-
Friars. The question is a delicate and some-
cated, rarified, isolated atmosphere my criterion
what complicated one, but its details are so
of the tragic has about as much relation as an
little a matter of public knowledge that the
ordinary foot-rule. In a certain way, perhaps, recent books by Messrs. Sawyer and Robinson
we might speak of it, but it would take too
deserve especial attention from the light they
much explanation. “Herod," on the other
hand, offers a somewhat better illustration.
throw on it and the excuse they give for dwelling
Herod is a man of ambition and of action,
on that phase of the general topic at this time.
Mr. Frederic H. Sawyer is an Englishman
man quite able to deal easily with every com-
bination of the involved politics of his time.
* THE INHABITANTS OF THE PHILIPPINES. By Frederie
H. Sawyer. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
He is definite and direct, perfectly self-confi-
THE PAILIPPINES : THE WAR AND THE PEOPLE. By
dent, perfectly adaptable to each new necessity, Albert G. Robinson. New York: McClure, Phillips & Co.
a


1901.]
191
THE DIAL
run.
..
resident in Luzon for the last fourteen years, fortunately the Philippines, like the United
and a traveller from time to time through the States, are in partibus infidelium, and in them
archipelago. He is in keen sympathy with the the decrees of the Tridentine Council do not
Americans in their general design of bringing The complaints of Europe in Luther's
the islands under their control, though sharply time are the complaints of the Filipinos to-day.
critical of the methods they have used up to They are devoted to their native priests, and
this time. Mr. Albert G. Robinson was the their revolt is not against the faith but the dis-
efficient correspondent of the New York cipline of the Church, nor are they open to
“Evening Post” in the islands from July, criticism from Roman sources any more than
1899, to February, 1900, and his volume is those wise ecclesiastics who sought to do away
made up for the most part of letters sent dur with such abuses by forbidding Friars from
ing that time to his paper, revised in the light benefices at Trent in the sixteenth century.
of the latest information within his possession. Against these abuses the Tagals arose again
To the seeker after truth both volumes are in and again, laying
and again, laying down thousands of their lives
valuable; to the partisan anxious only to con to be free. Yet it is with the Friars that the
ceal facts they will, it is to be feared, prove American government has allied itself, and it
unwelcome, so certain is it that the taint of is with them its army and navy is acting at the
Europeanism and imperialism brings distrust present time, as its policy has been dictated
of enlightenment.
by them since the occupation of Manila, par-
It has been pointed out before that the treaty ticularly since the return of Archbishop Noza-
of Paris, while it settled no question of human leda upon the signing of the treaty at which
rights, devoted Articles VIII. and IX. to Filipino representation was forbidden. It is
maintaining the property and other material this that causes Mr. Sawyer to exclaim:
rights of the religious orders in the Philippines. “More important still was it to take care that the
Mr. Sawyer believes the Americans to have Tagal insurrection should not have been in vain. That
been imposed upon in this regard, and it is
rebellion probably cost fifty thousand human lives, im-
mense loss of property, and untold misery. It was
certain that the advice of Mr. John Foreman
fought against the Friars and was at last triumphant.
concerning the matter was deliberately rejected. The Spanish Friars had been expelled and their lands
“ As soon as the effect of the treaty was
confiscated. Were the Americans to bring them back
known,” Mr. Sawyer adds, " Archbishop
and guarantee them in peaceable possession, once more
Nozaleda, who had fled to China from the ven-
riveting on the chain the Tagals had torn off ? This
seems to have been General Otis's intention. I think
geance he feared, returned to Manila. He
he might have stood upon the accomplished fact. But
seemed to have a good deal of interest with he did not.” (The italics are ours.)
General Otis, and this did not please the na When Mr. Sawyer comes to sum up the
tives, nor inspire them with confidence.'
blunders of the Peace Commission he sets them
When it is realized that this prelate was held down as follows:
responsible by the Filipinos for the enormi “1. They took General Merritt's opinion that the
ties of the 1896 massacres, including the mar- Tagals would submit, and accepted Mr. Foreman's
tyrdom of José Rizal, it is apparent that a
assurance of Tagal plasticity and accommodating nature.
mistake has been made from the point of view
“2. They disregarded the intimation of Don Felipe
Agoncillo, the accredited agent of the Tagals, that
of everyone except the Friars, of whom the
these would accept no settlement to which they were
Archbishop, himself a Dominican, is the rep not parties.
resentative.
“3. They treated several millions of civilized Chris-
For in the Philippines, as in Cuba and
tian people like a herd of cattle to be purchased with
the ranch.
Porto Rico, the natives, though devoted sons
“4. Under Article VIII., they guaranteed the re-
of the Church, are not pledged to any admi ligious orders the possession of estates already taken
ration for the Friars or the Spanish clergy from them.
generally. Their uniform ambition has been “5. Under Article IX., they gave the expelled friars
to have clergymen of their own race, secular
the right to return and exercise their profession."
priests, not religious. It is a matter of com Concerning the abuses of the Friars, it will,
mon knowledge that the evils which run in the perhaps, clear up the situation if the reader
train of beneficed Friars were one of the prin- consult the pages of Mr. John Foreman's book,
cipal causes of the Lutheran Reformation, and - remembering that Mr. Foreman is himself
that the Church recognized the justness of the a devout son of the Church, -or such extracts
universal complaints in the Council of Trent from it as are given by Mr. Herbert Welsh
by forbidding Friars to hold benefices. Un. I in his “ The Other Man's Country” (Lippin-
:


192
[March 16,
THE DIAL
cott, 1900), or in Mr. Dean C. Worcester's this same prelate had previously been the apos-
“ The Philippine Islands ” (pp. 343 et seq). tolic delegate to Cuba and Porto Rico, where
Mr. Robinson is not so explicit, but bis all his influence had been used in favor of the
meaning is not open to doubt when he says: insular as distinguished from the peninsular
“I do not care to go into details concerning the
clergy, leaving those islands of the West fairly
charges of gross immorality, wrong, and oppression,
in the hands of their native secular priests and
that are brought against the Orders as organized bodies in the way of becoming fully so, with the Span-
and against the members of the orders as individuals,
iards returning to Europe and freedom but-
from the archbishop [Nozaleda] downward. The
tressed by just that much—the opposite in every
charges are brought openly, and there can be no ques-
tion that many of them are capable of the fullest sub- particular of his procedure and its results in
stantiation."
the unhappy Philippines. Tyranny loves com-
He then enters into a consideration of the pany the world over; but who could predict
advent of the Most Reverend Placide Louis that the Stars and Stripes would ever march.
Chapelle, archbishop of New Orleans, at once
to the tune of the Spanish Inquisition ?
the apostolic delegate of His Holiness Pope
WALLACE RICE.
Leo XIII. and the commissioner of President
McKinley. He arrived in Manila. A public
reception in the nature of an official welcome
THE EARLY POEMS OF TENNYSON.*
was given him by Archbishop Nozaleda at
which the American authorities, military and
Mr. John Churton Collins has recently ed-
civil, were the principal attendants. Soon after
ited the early poems of Tennyson with the pur-
El Progreso, the newspaper leading the at-
pose of giving all their variant readings. He
tack upon the Friars, published an interview understands by the early poems, the editions
with him, never denied up to this time, in which
of 1830, 1833, 1842, the prize poem “ Tim-
Archbishop Chapelle was quoted as saying (the
buctoo,” 1827, and a few scattering pieces, one
translation is Mr. Robinson's):
or two of which appeared as late as 1851. Of
“ The four public lectures given by Father McKin-
his work he speaks in the Preface with charm-
non caused President McKinley to realize the necessity ing modesty :
for the monastic orders remaining in the Philippines. “I must, I fear, claim the indulgence due to one who
I come to Manila with ample authority for everything. attempts, for the first time, a critical edition so per-
The friars of the Philippines have alarmed themselves plexingly voluminous in variants as Tennyson's. I can
without any reason. I know their importance and am only say I have spared neither, time nor labour to be
openly predisposed in their favor. If the friars occupy accurate and exhaustive.... I am not conscious that
the parishes they will be considered as elements of I have left any variant unrecorded, but I should not
order and therefore as American agents.”
like to assert that this is the case."
That the Friars are in the saddle may be Mr. Collins is wrong (and this is a remark-
read in an authorized interview with Arch able oversight) when he says that “attempts
bishop Chappelle, published as a special dis for the first time” as the Cambridge Tennyson
patch to the Chicago “ Tribune" on March 4, (reviewed in The DIAL December 16, 1898)
1901, in which he is quoted as saying (the was the pioneer in this field. The Bibliography
italics are ours):
is good, though by no means entirely correct
“ First, I came here to reorganize Church affairs on or complete. As was pointed out in a com-
American lines, and to place her in a position similar munication to THE DIAL, May 16, 1899, no
to the one she holds in the United States.
Tennyson bibliography yet published is free
Second, to accomplish this I will do my utmost to
from errors and numerous omissions.
bring American priests here as soon as possible, and the
friars will not oppose them. On the contrary, they will be
As to the variants, the editor has done his
pleased if a goodly number come, and they promise to do work quite well. No one who has not com-
everything towards their maintenance and their instruc pared texts with the purpose of noting every
tion in the character and needs of the Filipinos."
variation however trifling can have any idea
It is, therefore, doubly certain that, since how onerous the task is, and how many things
Archbishop Chapelle's coming to the islands of provokingly remain unseen after one has looked
the East the Friars, returning in great num long. While, however, the work has been done
bers from the surrounding countries to which
* THE EARLY POEMS OF ALFRED LORD TENNYSON.
the Filipinos had driven them, have been dic Edited, with a critical Introduction, Commentaries, and
tating the policy there of both church and state, Notes, together with the various readings, a Transcript of
of both Leo XIII. and William McKinley.
the Poems temporarily and finally suppressed, and a Bibliog-
raphy, by John Churton Collins. New York: G. P. Put-
This is the more to be remarked, because nam's Sons.


1901.]
193
THE DIAL
;
well, it has not been done perfectly. I have sometimes takes the form of a dry but delightful
noted about seventy-five errors, and it is not
humor. What could be happier than this conclu-
likely I have found them all. This is a small sion of the argument concerning the origin of the
number, especially considering the fact, alluded
Chinese people?
“No one seems to think they can
to in the Preface, that a part of the work was
possibly have originated in the fertile plains where
done by assistants; the wonder is that, under
they are now found.” Or than this comment upon
the fabled calendar trees? “ But civilization proved
these circumstances, it is not very much larger.
unfavorable to their growth, and the species became
While these errors are for the most part extinct.” One cannot examine this treatise without
very slight, none of them are failures to record
a feeling of heightened respect for the people with
variant spelling. Indeed, I am unable to see whose writings it deals. Here is a literature that
why variant spelling in a modern author should has an unbroken record of twenty-five centuries
be recorded. I am well aware that a final e in here is a civilization that for at least as long a
Chaucer is important, but it seems to me quite
period has known the uses of such things as silk
insignificant whether Tennyson writes though
garments, leather shoes, pottery, and umbrellas.
or tho', gray or grey, through or thro'. In
These facts belong to a strictly historical chronol-
these cases neither the meaning nor the rhythm
ogy, but we are further reminded that the Chinese
themselves pretend to account for the world for
nor the rhyme can be in any way
affected. But
much longer than that — to be exact, for the space
for some reason Mr. Collins's notes contain a
of 2,269,381 years. How pitifully young and raw
host of variant spellings. The fact that he has our Western civilizations and histories must appear
culled so many might convey the impression when contrasted, not merely with the claims, but
that he has gathered them all or nearly all and with the undisputed facts of Chinese history and
that we have almost a facsimile of the early civilization. Since Mr. Giles has worked in virgin
texts. This would be a wrong impression.
soil, as far as Western readers and critics are con-
While I have not counted the cases, I do not cerned, he has done well to depart from the plan
think he has given one-fifth of the orthograph-
of the series for which his book was written, by
ical variants. But I still do not see why he giving a large proportion of his pages to extracts
from the Chinese classics. His translations of these
should have taken the trouble to give any.
passages are so charming that his book is at once a
Like most books this one has its limitations,
history and a florilegium, and in the latter aspect,
but these should not blind us to our obligation
as delightful a book as is often seen.
to Mr. Collins, for only after several such at-
tempts as his can a definitive text of the poet be
There are two kinds of anthologies,
A new anthology
made. It is to be hoped that he will some of English verse.
which may be called subjective and
objective. In the first kind, the
time give us the variant readings of all Tenny. compiler chiefly consults his own tastes and inter-
ALBERT E. JACK. ests, and leaves unconsidered the important ques-
tion of how far his tastes and interests coincide
with those which characterize the enlightened judg.
ment of the race. In the other kind, the compiler
has regard to tradition and authority, is careful of
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
his perspective, and subordinates his personal incli-
“ This is the first attempt made in nations to the collective verdict of cumulative criti.
A history of
any language, including Chinese, to cism. For English poetry, Mr. Palgrave's “Golden
Chinese literature.
produce a history of Chinese litera. Treasury” is the perfect bouquet of anthological
ture.” With this striking statement Professor Her- effort, although in this case, so admirable was the
bert A. Giles introduces his “History of Chinese taste of the editor, there seems to have been slight
Literature” (Appleton), being the tenth volume in need of any subordination of personal preference
the series of “Literatures of the World.” Criticism to the consensus of critical opinion. Of anthologies
in the sense of correction or dissent is made dumb on a larger scale, the two of Mr. Stedman are prob-
by such a fact as this ; we must place ourselves un ably the best that have been made, although their
reservedly in the hands of the author, and trust restriction to the verse of a single century — and
implicitly in the accuracy of his scholarship. It is, that the latest — has rendered certainty of judg-
however, permissible to express an opinion concern ment exceedingly difficult. Mr. A. T. Quiller-
ing the interest of his subject and of his book, and Couch is the latest of English anthologists, and the
we may say without hesitation that both interests “Oxford Book of English Verse, 1250–1900”
are great, the latter greater than we had supposed (Oxford University Press), as edited by him, gives
possible, and the former marked by the admirable us upwards of a thousand pages of the best of our
qualities of the author's style. His manner of poetry. Let it be said, however, once for all, that
writing is such as to compel attention, being lucid, this is one of the subjective anthologies. The editor
forceful, and penetrated with a shrewd wisdom that has put in the things that he likes, and that is the
son's poems.


194
[March 16,
THE DIAL .
An eccentric
A critic as
dramatist.
ence.
whole story. His preface is an implied confession bave vitality, original strength. We must add to
of this method, and goes on to tell us in explicit that, Mr. Raymond does not seem to have the poet's
terms how he has modified his spellings, chosen the imagination. What he has to say he says rather
readings that he prefers over those which have the plainly without the fulness and richness that we need
best authority, and even excised from famous poems to give us what we think of as poetic pleasure.
the stanzas that do not appeal to his personal sym Further we must say that he does not seem to us to
pathies. All this being admitted, there is little to have a clear idea of the possibilities of the dramatic
say, for nothing is more futile than to criticize an form: the drama, if we recollect rightly, is the one
anthology compiled upon such a plan. The proper form of art of which his system of æsthetics says
perspective is lacking, the choice is often capricious, little. At any rate, in an age familiar with Swin-
and even the texts are not free from rather glaring burne and Stephen Phillips, or even John Davidson
mistakes. Mr. Qailler-Couch is an excellent novel. and Michael Field, his dramas lack the interest
ist and a charming writer in other departments of wbich comes of fresh, original effort given to the
literature, but he has never given evidence of criti solution of old problems.
cal acumen, and his browsings in this field have
always been those of an impressionist. An “Ox-
Professor William Knight, of Glas-
ford” anthology ought to speak with a voice of philosopher and gow University, has collected in a
special authority, but the voice of this book is one
his correspondence. comely, moderate-sized volume, en-
of which no intelligent reader need take much heed.
titled “Lord Monboddo and Some of his Contem-
It is a book of good poetry; but there are thousands | poraries” (Dutton), the “philosophical correspon-
of readers who could have compiled books equally dence” of this learned and eccentric Scotch judge
good, and probably scores who could have done with certain distinguished men of his time, with
better.
whom he was accustomed to discuss his then novel
theories of language and the origin of man. Of
A commonplace of current criticism
the forty-seven letters to and from Lord Monboddo
is the difference between the creative
given in the volume only two have been previously
faculty and the critical. One who publisbed, and the collection is undoubtedly of con-
had more or less to say on the subject, Matthew siderable value in so far as it serves to illustrate the
Arnold, is himself a fair illustration of the differ- philosophical attitude of the writers and of reflec-
His prose was his best work : his poetry, tive men of their time generally toward the theories
though of immense charm for many minds, was discussed. To the correspondence the editor has
excellent largely because it recognized its own prefixed a brief biographical sketch of Lord Mon-
critical character. Of creative energy Matthew boddo, together with a chapter on his philosophical
Arnold in his earlier days undoubtedly had a position. Dr. Johnson, it will be remembered, said
measure, but it was swallowed up in his critical
to Boswell during the famous Tour that he would
intelligence. Something of the sort, Lowell used
gladly “go'two miles out of his way to see Lord
to think, was the case with himself.
The reverse
Monboddo' who was certainly worth the devia-
process is less usual.
We do not often find one tion, although the miles were Scotch ones. Lord
who has given his mind up to critical problems, Monboddo's views, shocking to his contemporaries,
develope strong creative power. There are cases, as to man's descent from caudate progenitors of
Mr. Henry James, for instance, where a man's
the orang-outang order, do not seem so very eccen-
mind developes both faculties together. But when tric nowadays. The letters in the present volume
a man has been long devoted to thinking out a are elaborate, essay-like productions, such as nobody
system of art or literature, he is rarely able at the would think of writing nowadays. Among Lord
end of it to display powerful creative force. Thus
Monboddo's correspondents were Dugald Stewart,
Ruskin, although he had something of an artist's Samuel Horsley, James Harris, Sir William Jones,
education, never developed the artist's power. The Sir George Baker. There are several portraits.
critical habit seems to limit and constrain. All
this is apropos to Mr. G. L. Raymond's “The Aztec
Now that the much-discussed “An
The much-discussed
God and Other Dramas” (Putnam). Professor "Englishwoman's English woman's Love Letters"
Raymond is already well-known by a series of vol.
Love Letters."
(Doubleday) are known to be fiction,
umes presenting an extensive and careful theory of the book can be read and criticised without the wear-
artistic effort and result. His mind has long been isome speculation which has grown around it. Were
occupied in weighing and considering causes and the letters really written by a woman ? How could
effects, in the effort to discern the true generaliza- such intimate letters have been published ? What
tion lurking in myriads of facts. Now with plenty could possibly have been the reason the affair was
of ideas, he turns to the drama, but here his mind broken off ? Such questions were entirely aside
refuses to embody his thought in forms quite dif from the literary aspects of the matter, and may
ferent from those which have been familiar to it. now be forgotten. We know that the book is a
His thought, unconsciously to himself doubtless, piece of fiction. We know that it is needless to
takes some of the conventional forms which are, in know why the affair was broken off. The book
a way, generalizations. Thus his dramas fail to now — aside from the truly pathetic character of
-


1901.]
195
THE DIAL
mushroom book,
ence.
its last part — is chiefly of interest to us as a good commend itself to every student of history. Its
example of that preoccupation with the processes application to the treatment of this difficult subject
of the soul that distinguished the latter part of the is both sane and commendable. The author has
nineteenth century. One can hardly do more to quoted in the language of the Revised Version large
appreciate the literary position of the book than portions of the text of the prophecies termed Mes-
think how Sir Walter Scott would have been out sianic, and has added thereto his luminous inter-
raged by it. Scott never, so far as we remember, pretation of the same. The discriminating scholar-
dealt with any such case; he would probably never ship, the fitting proportions, and the sanity of
have invented such a brutal story. But the case of interpretation give this book a prominent place
the “ Bride of Lammermoor” is something of a among the works on biblical theology.
parallel so far as fulness of joy and fulness of
misery are concerned. Scott told the story, but he
Popular interest in mushrooms, for
A popular
both scientific and practical reasons,
never sought to examine Lucy Ashton's heart.
Examination of the human heart, however, is a
has grown considerably of recent
thing that the present day rather enjoys. And the
years, and the latest contribution to the literature
chief interest in this book is that it enables us to
of this subject will be sure to find a receptive audi-
follow almost from day to day the rise of joy in a
Miss Nina L. Marshall is the author of
“ The Mushroom Book” now before us, which is
woman's breast, and its general turning to absolute
misery. Sach was the case with many readers who
published by Messrs. Doubleday, Page & Co. in
imagined the letters to be genuine ; such is the case
their nature study series, which already contains
when we read it as fiction. Its interest is in the
books on butterflies, birds, and flowers. The special
painful tracing of heart-failure. For our own part
feature of all these books is that, although they are
this seems to us not a very excellent amusement.
richly illustrated, they are sold at a very moderate
We should prefer, along with the heart-failure, some
price. The colored plates alone, twenty-four in
of the wider relations of life, some of the matters
number, would justify the price set upon the book,
which would constitute something more of a balance
to say nothing of the numerous plates in black-and-
according to the usual course of existence. Here
white, the still more numerous cuts in the text, and
probably is the value, such as it is, of the discussion
the text itself. The book may be recommended
of the reasons for it all. With some reasons the
as a safe guide for the identification of species by
book gains in dignity; with others it rather falls.
amateurs who have only a smattering of botanical
It was perhaps wise for the author to leave us in
method. The descriptions are accurate, and not
the dark.
more technical than is absolutely necessary. There
are also directions for collecting and preserving
The layman in biblical study has specimens, and for cooking them as well — which
Israel's hope
for the future.
shown slight interest in Messianic consideration will perhaps go farther than any other
prophecy. This has been due (1) toward finding purchasers for the volume. It offers
to the general obscurity of the subject and (2) to what is practically an equivalent of Hamilton Gib-
the lack of any adequate popular discussion of the son's work for a small fraction of its price. We
theme. Professor G. S. Goodspeed's “Israel's need say no more than this to lovers of mushrooms,
Messianic Hope" (Macmillan) is intended to dis whether as articles of food or as objects of scientific
sipate both of these difficulties. It is intended study.
primarily for the reader of the English Bible. For
Two volumes come together in the
this reason technical questions in criticism and ex-
“ Mediæval Towns” series (Dent-
egesis and Hebrew and Greek words are avoided.
Macmillan), one dealing with Flor-
But not to neglect the advanced student, the author ence and one with Constantinople. Tho former is
has provided liberal references to the best new lit done with loving care by Mr. Edmund G. Gardner,
erature on the subject, and has added to the volume who combines the various artistic forces of the
a selected bibliography. Now the method of Pro Florentine Republic in his pages in such a way as
fessor Goodspeed is just that which will appeal to to give it a really fine literary flavor. All the
the popular reader. He has adopted, in preference glories of poetry, painting, sculpture, and architec-
to the so-called “fulfilment” or “theological ” ture that made the city splendid to the eye and ear
method, the historical plan of treatment. That is, and understanding speak again through his pages,
he “takes up the ancient Hebrew literature from an achievement by no means unique, the city hav-
the point of view of the historical origin and en ing the gift of inspiring its modern chroniclers to
vironment of its various writings. The history is an unusual degree. The history of this flower of
studied from the Hebrew side ; the ideas are inves the renaissance before the day of Dante is dismissed
tigated as they grow out of the history, and are in a single chapter, and the story of the government
modified or conditioned by it. The question asked carried down to the great Duke Cosimo. This, with
is, not so much, What did this statement mean to a consideration of the Florentine people, suffices
the Christian Church? but, What did it mean to for the more formal history, the other portions of
him who first uttered it, and to those by whom it the book taking up the geographical divisions of
was first heard or read?” This method cannot but Florence, and combining all their interests in a nar-
Two volumes on
mediceval towns.


196
[March 16,
THE DIAL
rative which serves as a guide-book through its par- | might, one would think, be almost as brief as the
ticularity, and as an account for instruction and famous chapter on snakes in Iceland. But on Mr.
amusement as well. A number of pictures from Bullen's showing it seems clear that the name of
the hand of Miss Nellie Erichsen are included, and his Maker is not used by “poor Jack” solely as a
with these are several reproductions of old engrav. profane expletive and to the sorrow of the traditi-
ings of the town and its distinctive features. The onal “cherub who sits up aloft” and “ looks out
work on Constantinople has been done by the Rev. for” his ghostly interests. Mr. Bullen writes simply
William Holden Hutton, and its interest is made and earnestly, and his account of the artless piety
classic in a degree. Though not so large a book as of some of his erstwhile shipmates, and of their
the other, it covers more space, the opening chapter efforts to stem the tide of brutality, profanity, and
alone carrying the story from old Byzantium to the debauchery by which the sailorman is commonly
Turks. In the subsequent divisions of the book, swept to moral and physical destruction, is touch-
dealing, as in the former case, with geographical ing and interesting. The sailor, for all his outer
portions of the ancient seat of empire, the interest roughness, and proneness to coarse indulgence, is
is divided between the Christian and Moslem relics, commonly an emotional man, easily touched by
with a natural leaning toward the older Greek fervent appeal, and far more open than the sophis-
rather than the newer Turk, the churches rather ticated landsman, to the methods of revivalism.
than the mosques. A final chapter deals with the That these methods make for good, and even per-
pre-Christian life of the city as shown in architec manent good, in many cases, and are in fact the
tural and other relics, and is by no means tbe least only methods by which the religious sense of large
readable of the seven.
classes of men can be stirred, is certain. That a
most promising and relatively neglected field for
Not a romance, though a tenuous their trial is offered in every seaport town seems
A narrative of
American society.
love story rises almost to the surface
to us the practical moral of Mr. Bullen's book.
now and again through the book, not
We are not going to impugn the conduct or the
a novel, though there are developments which al wisdom of the battalions of Christian missionaries
most make it one in successive pages, Dr. S. Weir who go abroad annually with the view of persuading
Mitchell's “Dr. North and His Friends" (Century
men to change their religions; but we do think a
Co.) is none the less interesting because it is diffi.
larger proportion of them might well halt at the
cult of classification. In its book form it is con-
seaboard in the interests of men, nominally Chris-
siderably larger than in its appearance as a serial, tian, who have in fact no religion at all. Mr. Bul-
and the increase in size is due mainly to the inser len's book is graphic and well-written, and shows
tion of a number of anecdotes of men and things, an unfamiliar side of seafaring life and character.
which have all the charm of an acquaintance with
the people of whom they speak. It may be sur-
Where Miss Maud Maryon's.“ How
mised, reasonably enough, that they are the very An enjoyable book the Garden Grew” (Longmans)
cream of Dr. Mitchell's common.place book. Taken
on the garden.
differs from the dozen other recent
as a whole the story outlines the life of such
garden books is in the gentle horticulturist's begin-
Americans as all of us would like to be, did culti-
ning her narrative with no knowledge whatever of
vation and wealth admit of it, and the pleasant what should or should not be done with plants in
company certainly sets a social ideal to which it
order to induce them to grow out of doors. She
would be well for Americans to conform. Yet it
thus “starts even,” as the boys say, with most of
is with something of a shock that the reader comes her readers, and they are enabled thereby to follow
to realize at the close of the narrative that a com her to the end without losing sight of the garden.
plete vulgarian has fairly forced the doors of this
A little love story runs through the four chapters,
gentle and cultured society, all his too evident limi-
which, beginning with winter, bear the names of
tations, moral and social, being pardoned him in
the seasons, and there is an old English peasant
view of his great wealth, ill-gotten though it is.
named Griggs who makes the American doubly
That Dr. Mitchell is well within the truth in giving grateful for the lack of such human cattle over
such an ending to such an episode does not make
here. Several well-drawn illustrations make the
it
any better reading, and we wish he had contrived
volume more desirable ; but it is to be read for en-
to maintain its own ideals throughout the book.
joyment rather than instruction on this side of the
great water.
Mr. Frank T. Bullen, for literalness
Religion in
the best sea writer since Dana, is
“ The Oresteia of Æschylus,” trans-
the forecastle.
industriously making hay while the translation of lated and explained by Professor
sun of his popularity shines. He now adds to the
Æschylus.
George C. W. Warr, is the first of a
growing series of volumes reflecting the incidents series of four volumes which are designed to inter-
of his seafaring career, a little book entitled “With est cultivated persons who cannot read the originals
Christ at Sea" (Stokes), and defined as “a personal in the masterpieces of the classical drama. Thus
record of religious experiences on board ship for we have, not only a translation of the great trilogy,
fifteen years.” An account of religion in the fo’c’sle but in addition an extensive commentary, intro-
A critical


1901.)
197
THE DIAL
ductory essays on “The Rise of Greek Tragedy"
and “The Orestean Trilogy," and a series of illus-
trations reproducing ancient frescoes, reliefs, and
vase-paintings. The translation is a mixture of
verse and prose — verse for the dialogue, and prose
for the lyrical passages.
An appendix gives some
metrical versions from the choruses. The trans-
lator's aim has been to steer a middle course be-
tween the insipidity of Plumptre and the uncouth
literality of Browning. His text is not exactly easy
reading, but it is no more difficult than it must be,
if anything of the Æschylean spirit is to be pre-
served. We have received this work in two editions,
one from Mr. George Allen of London, and the
other from Messrs. Longmans, Green, & Co., who
supply the trade in this country.
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF SPRING BOOKS.
THE DIAL takes pleasure in presenting herewith its
annual list of books announced for Spring publication,
containing this year more than 750 titles. With a few
necessary exceptions, books recently issued which have
been already entered in our regular List of New Books
are not named in the present list; and all the books
here given are presumably new books
new editions
not being included unless having new form or matter.
The list is compiled from authentic data supplied for
this purpose by the publishers themselves, and it is
believed presents an accurate survey of the Spring
books of 1901.
.
BRIEFER MENTION.
Six volumes have now appeared in the “ Warwick
Library,” each devoted to the illustration of some par-
ticular literary form in the history of English letters.
Mr. Oliphant Smeaton's “English Satires ” (Imported
by Scribner) is the new volume of this series, and sup-
plies examples all the way from the author of “Piers
Plowman » down to C. S. C. The introduction, as is
eustomary in this collection of volumes; is an elaborate
essay upon the history of the form under consideration,
and sets forth the gradual declination of the satirical
species from its Roman position as one of the cardinal
divisions of literary composition to the modern view
which holds it to be rather a “quality of style” than
one of the prime forms of expression.
We have been reading a good deal about Milton of
late years. Besides the volumes in the various series,
we have had Professor Corson's learned disquisitions,
and Professor Trent's eloquent critical tribute, and now
we have also Professor Walter Raleigh's “Milton”
(Putnam). Mr. Raleigh always writes with distinction,
and is at the same time one of the sanest and most
finely-tempered of our living critics. His book is
an elaborate essay upon the life of Milton, his circum-
stances, his intellectual equipment, the technique and
machinery of his writings, and his influence upon pos-
terity. It cannot be a work of supererogation to pro-
duce as good a book as this upon Milton or any other
subject, and we are glad to add it to our collection of
critical monographs.
The third volume of the translation of Blok's “ His-
tory of the People of the Netherlands ” (Putnam)
covers the period of the war with Spain from 1559 to
1621, comprising all of Volume III. and one-half of
Volume IV. of the original. The book leaves evidence
of the same scholarly treatment which characterized the
preceding volumes, and by its numerous footnotes, and
appended bibliography, attests the extended research
of its author. The period is a favorite one for histo-
rians, and one for which polemics are proverbial, but
Mr. Blok has carefully avoided such writing. In this
volume there is a greater fulness of political conditions,
as compared with social or economic development, than
in the previous volumes, but this is justified by the politi-
cal importance of the epoch, and in no way sacrifices the
essential feature, the history of the growth of the people,
to which the author pledged himself in the first volume.
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
The Autobiography of a Journalist, by William J. Still.
man, 2 vols., with portraits, $6.-The Life and Times
of William Lowndes, by H. H. Ravenel, illus. (Hough-
ton, Miflin & Co.)
My Autobiography, by Prof. F. Max Müller, with por-
traits, $2.-Mrs. Gilbert's Reminiscences, illus., $1.50
net. (Charles Scribner's Sons.)
Queen Victoria, 1819-1901, by Richard R. Holmes, M. V. 0.,
new edition, with supplementary chapter, with por-
trait, $1.50 net.-Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of
Brunswick, an historical study, by Lord Edmond Fitz-
maurice, illus.--Some Records of the Later Life of Har-
riet, Countess Granville, by her granddaughter, the
Hon. Mrs. Oldfield, illus.-Swallowfield and Its Own-
ers, by Constance, Lady Russell, illus. in photogravure,
etc.-Felix Reville Brunot, 1820-1898, a civilian in the
War for the Union, President of the first Board of
Indian Commissioners, by Charles Lewis Slattery, Il-
lus. in photogravure, etc., $2. (Longmans, Green, &
Co.)
Up from Slavery, an autobiography, by Booker T. Wash-
ington, with portrait, $1.50 net.-The True Story of
Captain John Smith, ny Katharine Pearson Woods,
illus., $1.50. (Doubleday, Page & Co.)
The Story of My Life, by Augustus J. C. Hare, 4 vols.,
Vols. ill. and IV., illus. in photogravure, etc., $7.50.
(Dodd, Mead & Co.)
A Sailor's Log, recollections of forty years of naval
life, by Admiral Robley D. Evans, U. S. N., illus.-
Great Commanders Series, new vol.: General Meade,
by Isaac R. Pennypacker, illus. (D. Appleton & Co.)
A Book of Remembrance, by Mrs. E. D. Gillespie, illus.,
$2.50. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
The Tribulations of a Princess, by the author of "The
Martyrdom of an Empress," illus., $2.50. (Harper &
Brothers.)
New Glimpses of Poe, by Prof. James A. Harrison, illus.,
$1.25 net. (M. F. Mansfield & Co.)
Heroes of the Nations, new vols.: St. Louis (Louis IX.
of France), the most Christian king, by Frederick
Perry, M. A.; William Pitt, Earl of Chatham (1708-
1778), or The Growth and Division of the British
Empire, by Walford Davis Green, M. P.; each illus.,
per vol., $1.50. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
How They Succeeded, life stories of successful men told
by themselves, by Orison Swett Marden, illus., $1.50.
(Lothrop Publishing Co.)
Beacon Biographies, new vols.: Father IIecker, by
Henry D. Sedgwick, Jr.; Louis Agassiz, by Alice
Bache Gould; John Greenleaf Whittier, by Richard
Burton; Samuel F. B. Morse, by John Trowbridge;
Ralph Waldo Emerson, by Frank B. Sanborn; each
with portrait, per vol., 75 cts.-Westminster Biogra-
phies, new vols.: George Eliot, by Clara Thomson;
Cardinal Newman, by A. R. Waller; each with por.
trait, per vol., 75 cts. (Small, Maynard & Co.)
Foreign Statesmen Series, new vols.: Louis XI., by G.
W. Prothero; Ferdinand the Catholie, by E. Arm-
strong; Mazarin, by Arthur Hassall; Catherine II., by
J. B. Bury; Louis XIV., by H. 0. Wakeman. (Mac-
millan Co.)
Life of Her Majesty, Queen Victoria, by Millicent Gar-
rett l'awcett, new edition, with introduction by Mrs.
Bradley Gilman, Illus., $1. (Little, Brown, & Co.)
Hero-Patriots of the Nineteenth Century, by Edgar San-
derson, M. A., illus., $1.50. (T. Y. Crowell & Co.)


198
[March 16,
THE DIAL
The Old New York Frontier, its wars with Indians and
Tories, its missionary schools, pioneers, and land titles,
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1901.)
199
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200
[March 16,
THE DIAL
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With the Tibetans in Tent and Temple, the narrative
of a journey into the closed land, by Dr. Susie C.
Rijnhart, illus., $1.50. (Fleming H. Revell Co.)
Campaign Pictures of the War in South Africa, 1899-1900,
by A. G. Hales, $1.50.--Chinese Pictures, notes on
photographs made in China, by Mrs. J. F. Bishop,
F. R. G. S., $1. (Cassell & Co., Ltd.)
An American with Lord Roberts, by Julian Ralph, $1.50.-
Vacation Record, by Frederick H. Spiegle, illus. in col-
ors, etc., $2. (F. A. Stokes Co.)
Grant Allen's Series of Historical Guide Books, new
vols.: Towns of Umbria, by Mr. and Mrs. J. F. Cruick.
shank; Cities of Northern Italy, by G. S. Williamson;
per vol., $1.25. (A. Wessels Co.)
The South American Republics, by W. Fisher Markwick
and William A. Smith, M. A., Illus. (Silver, Burdett
& Co.)
Uganda and Its People, by Brig.-Gen. Lugard, C. B., $1.
(M. F. Mansfield & Co.)
Mexico City, an idler's note book, by Olive Percival,
illus., $1.25. (H. S. Stone & Co.)
My Ocean Trip, a record for travelers, by Edward J.
Cadigan, Illus. in colors, $1. (Brentano's)
ART AND ARCHITECTURE - MUSIC AND THE
DRAMA.
Turner and Ruskin, an exposition of the paintings of
J. M. W. Turner, R. A., with descriptive and critical
passages from the works of John Ruskin, edited and
arranged by Frederick Wedmore, 2 vols., illus. in
photogravure, $50 net.--Masters of Music, their life
and work, by Anna Alice Chapin, illus., $1.50. (Dodd,
Mead & Co.)
The Apocalypse, 16 designs by Albert Dürer, with ac-
companying text, selected from the revelation of Saint
John the Divine, with introduction by Fitz Roy Car.
rington, $2.50.-The American Stage, a pictorial review,
$2.50.-Sarah Bernhardt, her artistic life, a pictorial
souvenir, with autograph preface by Sarah Bernhardt,
and a personal and critical sketch by A. Gallus,
50 cts.-Weber and Field's Souvenir, a series of pic-
tures, 25 cts. (R. H. Russell.)
Ten Singing Lessons, by Madame Mathilde Marchesi,
$1.50. (Harper & Brothers.)


1901.)
201
THE DIAL
The Garden of a Commuter's Wife, recorded by the
gardener.-Flowers and Ferns in Their Haunts, by
Mabel Osgood Wright, illus. (Macmillan Co.)
Au American Book of Gardening, by Ida D. Bennett,
illus., $2. (H. S. Stone & Co.)
Practical Golf, by Walter J. Travis, illus., $2.-Fly Rods
and Fly Tackle, suggestions as to their manufacture
and use, by Henry P. Wells, revised edition, illus.,
$2. (Harper & Brothers.)
Animal Stories, by David Starr Jordan, illus.-Life of
a Bean, by Mary E. Laing, illus. (D. C. Heath & Co.)
Bird-Life, a study of our common birds, by Frank M.
Chapman, new edition, illus. in colors by Ernest Seton.