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THE PENNSYLVANIA
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THE
DIAL
A Semis Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAGB
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No. 373. JANUARY 1, 1902. Vol. XXXII. no better illustrations of this kind of inheritance
than are afforded by the annals of New En-
CONTENTS.
gland. There are many cases in which intel-
A LINK WITH THE PAST .
lectual leadership became a family tradition,
and in which inherited distinction carried with
JOHN BURROUGHS AS PROSE WRITER. H. M.
Stanley
it, as the most sacred of obligations, the man-
date to keep the torch alight. Since for over
COMMUNICATION .
“Proven” for “Proved.” L. W. Smith.
two centuries the best thought of New England
THE MAKING OF AN AMERICAN. Klith Kellogg
was devoted to religious ends, the most con-
Dunton
8 spicuous examples of our intellectual aristocracy
THE FINANCIERING OF THE (FEDERACY.
are to be found in the ranks of the clergy ;
M. B. Hammo
10 although, in later generations, education, states-
THE SECRET OF
ESPEARE. Lewis Worth manship, and even literature proved to be
ington Smith.
13 suitable channels for the diversion of energies
RECENT AMERICAN DIPLOMACY. George L. which, in their ancestral manifestations, had
Paddock
14 mainly served the purpose
of the Puritan the-
HENRIK IBSEN. W. H. Carruth
16 ology. It would be deeply interesting to collect
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne
17 the cases in which the minister's calling de-
“Lucas Malet's" The History of Sir Richard Cal scended, from father to son, through four, five,
mady. - The Benefactress. — Mr. and Mrs. Castle's
The Secret Orchard. - Levett-Yeats': The Traitor's
six, or even more generations; it would be
Way.- Mrs. Peattie's The Beleaguered Forest, deeply interesting, also, to inquire into the
Miss Wilkinson's The Strength of the Hills.-King's number of cases in which the forceful intel-
Let Not Man Put Asunder. Herrick's The Real
World.-Bennet's Thyra.-Paine's The Great White
lects of our own time have sprung from roots
Way. – Mrs. Orzeszko's The Argonauts. - Matilde first planted in the churches of Colonial New
Serao's The Ballet Dancer. — Mérejkowski's The
England. The resulting exhibit would con-
Death of the Gods.—"Maxim Gorky's" Foma Gordy-
éeff, and Orloff and his Wife. - Drachmann's Nanna.
stitute a peerage of the sort unknown to
Burke ; it would exemplify that peerage of
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
21
A Borgia defense. - Lights, new and old, on South
the intellect which alone deserves the respect
Africa. - A welcome volume from Mr. Birrell. - In of rational men.
the Western wastes.-W man in the Golden Ages.-
Music : its nature and its masters. - Colonial wars
The family of the Mathers, distinguished
and warriors.-Syria and Palestine in early times. for four generations, is the example that will
The boarders of dreamland.- A handbook of polite first occur to the great majority of persons
ness for Americans.-Hamilton as a builder of the
Republic. - A brief biography of Cromwell.
whose attention is once directed to this subject.
But other families are almost equally striking,
BRIEFER MENTION .
and a moment's reflection will add to the list
NOTES
26
the names of Winthrop, Hale, Lowell, Dana,
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS
27
Dwight, and Adams. We doubt if the history
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
27 of any European country, or of England itself,
can make as remarkable a showing of the per-
sistence of intellectual force as is made in the
A LINK WITH THE PAST.
history of New England by the families already
The transmission of intellectual traits from named, and the others that might be named
generation to generation is a subject that has with them. The ways of heredity are past
engaged the attention of many writers. The finding out in the present state of our knowl-
researches in this field of Mr. Francis Galton, edge, but it may fairly be said that descent
for example, are widely known, and, while they from one of these famous stocks creates a rea-
cannot be said to have formulated anything sonable presumption that the descendant will
like a psychological law of intellectual heredity, be found possessed of much more than the
they have contributed many side-lights to the average mental vigor, and will be pretty likely
illumination of the subject. There are probably I to do something toward maintaining the tra-
25
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6
[Jan. 1,
THE DIAL
dition of his ancestry. In such a descendant tury with a past that now seems remote indeed,
the manifestation may possibly take a perverted not so much for the years that separate us from
form, and will probably take a form that wou it as for the changes that those years have
have startled his Puritan forbears, could they brought in our national ideals. Although he
have foreseen it; but the transmitted strain will broke the silence as recently as 1886 with a
contrive to express itself in some fashion, al-poem on John Brown, his work was mainly
though it may not be in such fashion as to done nearer fifty than fifteen years ago, and
attract widespread attention.
many who took note of his death the other day
We have been led to these reflections by must have learned at the same time with no
news of the death, two days before Christmas, little surprise that he had lived on into the new
of William Ellery Channing, the dean of century. How completely he belongs to the
American letters for a number of years past, far distant past may be illustrated by the fact
and a distinguished member of a family quite that it was nearly sixty years ago that Poe con-
as remarkable as those which have already been tributed his contemptuous review of Channing
mentioned by name. For three generations, to “ Graham's Magazine,” accusing him of ex-
the Channings have been represented in Ameri- hibiting the vices of transcendentalism, and of
can literature. The name was first made famous having been “inoculated with virus from Ten-
by the great Unitarian divine, William Ellery nyson,” or, in other words, of having "adopted
Channing (1780–1842). The foremost Ameri- and exaggerated that noble poet's characteris-
can theologian of his day, and one of the stoutest tic defect, having mistaken it for his principal
fighters against the evil of slavery, his influence merit.”
as a thinker was felt all over the world, and Of the justice or injustice of Poe's charges
his books were translated into many languages. the reader may be allowed to judge from the
His brother Walter (1786–1876) was a physi- present reproduction of the " Hymn of the
cian by calling, a professor at Harvard, and a Earth,” one of Channing's best and most
writer of many kinds of books. A third brother, typical poems.
Edward Tyrrel (1790–1856), was the Harvard
professor of rhetoric and oratory to whom so
“My highway is unfeatured air,
My consorts are the sleepless Stars,
many of our nineteenth century writers have
And men my giant arms upbear,
paid their tribute of affectionate memory. In My arms upstained and free from scars.
the second generation of Channings, we find
I rest forever on my way,
William Henry, the son of a fourth brother of
Rolling around the happy Sun;
the three named above, and distinguished as My children love the sunny day,
the Unitarian clergyman who succeeded Mar But noon and night to me are one.
tineau in his Liverpool pastorate. Then comes “My heart has pulses like their own,
William Ellery Channing, 2nd (1818–1901), I am their Mother, and my veins,
the son of Walter, and the occasion of the Though built of the enduring stone,
present article. To this generation also belongs
Thrill as do theirs with godlike pains.
William Francis, a distinguished physician and “ The forests and the mountains high,
scientist, the son of the great divine. The third The foaming ocean and the springs,
generation carries the family tradition for liter-
The plains, — O pleasant Company,
ary distinction down to our own years, being now
My voice through all your anthem rings !
represented by Professor Edward Channing of “ Ye are so cheerful in your minds,
Harvard University, whose historical work is
Content to smile, content to share :
well known. He is the son of William Ellery,
My being in your chorus finds
The echo of the spheral air.
and his cousin, Mrs. Grace Ellery Channing-
Stetson, a poet of creditable achievement, is
“No leaf may fall, no pebble roll,
No drop of water lose the road;
the daughter of William Francis Channing.
The issues of the general Soul
The second William Ellery Channing, who
Are mirrored in its round abode."
died the other day at the age of eighty-three,
had been a resident of Concord off and on for In this poem, the Emersonian influence is
nearly sixty years. As the busband of a sister clearly distinguishable, but there seems to be
of Margaret Fuller, as the close associate of no evidence of a Tennysonian inspiration.
Emerson, Thoreau, and Hawthorne, and as Something of the latter, however, may possibly
one of the best-known American poets of half be traced in the following stanza from another
a century ago, his life linked the twentieth cen poem, which is also noteworthy for containing


1902.]
7
THE DIAL
the one verse of Channing that has gained fight of birds does not receive as much attention
currency as a “ familiar quotation.”
from Mr. Burroughs as it might; although he is
conversant with all their melodies, and his very
best
“I am not earth-born, though I here delay;
Hope's child, I summon infiniter powers,
writing is on this theme. But are not birds singers
And laugh to see the mild and sunny day
because they are flyers? Quickly and often hid
Smile on the shrunk and thin autumnal hours; from mates and companions, they acquire the far-
I laugh, for hope hath happy place with me, reaching fetching calls which are musical notes.
If my bark sinks, 'tis to another sea.”
Hence the sweetest singers are not the large birds,
or sea birds, or prairie birds, but small birds of the
The list of Channing's writings includes the
dense forest, as thrushes, warblers, and vireos.
“ Poems” of 1843-47, and the following vol. Next to birds, Mr. Burroughs is most felicitous
umes of verse : “ The Youth of the Painter,” | in characterizing rustic life, animal and human,
“ The Woodman,” “Near Home," "The
“ The and general aspects of nature, seasonal and diurnal.
Wanderer," "Eliot,” and “John Brown." Two Mark this fine sketch of March weather:
volumes of prose are “ Thoreau, the Poet Nat-This was a typical March day, clear, dry, hard, and
uralist,” and “ Conversations in Rome.” It is windy, the river rumpled and crumpled, the sky in-
stated that Channing bas left much manuscript
tense, distant objects strangely near; a day full of
strong light, unusual; an extraordinary lightness and
material which may eventually see the light. clearness all around the horizon, as if there were a
diurnal aurora streaming up and burning through the
sunlight; smoke from the first spring fires rising up in
various directions; a day that winnowed the air, and
left no film in the sky. At night how the big March
JOHN BURROUGHS AS PROSE
bellows did work! ... The stars all seemed brighter
WRITER.
than usual, as if the wind blew them up like burning
coals. Venus actually seemed to flare in the wind.”
As Mr. Burroughs's tale of work is now very At its best, the style of Mr. Burroughs is emi-
considerable, and is little likely to be materially nently clear, simple, and forcible. It disdains mere
increased, we may offer some notes of general ap-
polish and urbanity, but it has a pleasant rustic
preciation of his theme and style.
tartness.
Mr. Burroughs's true theme is bird-life. Never
The quiet, peace, and mildness of the
has lived a man more intimate with birds than he.
countryside envelope and pervade; the simplicity
“ A friend of mine,” he says in “ Riverby," picks distinction, power, passion, imagination, are lack-
and rurality of Petrarch and Seneca prevail. High
up Indian relics all about the fields ; he has Indian
ing; but we find much hard Yankee shrewdness
relics in his eye. I have seen him turn out of the
and common-sense. His muse is pedestrian, and
path at right angles, as a dog will when he scents
often trudges; yet his absolute genuineness, honesty,
something, and walk straight away several rods,
and modesty are so refreshing and engaging that we
and pick up an Indian pounding-stone. He saw it
are charmed.
out of the corner of his eye. I find that without
I believe that Mr. Burroughs conceives himself
conscious effort I see and hear birds with like ease.
of an order diverse from Thoreau, and critics gen-
Eye and ear are always on the alert.” The in-
erally distinguish them; but my impression is that
tensity of his devotion may sometimes lead him to
he affiliates more closely with Thoreau than with
exaggerate their likeness to humanity, as when he
remarks: “Birds show many more human traits tban
any other author. While Mr. Burroughs has not
the mordant genius, or the stern ever-haunting
do quadrupeds. That they actually fall in love,
admits of no doubt ; that there is a period of court- idealism, or the craftmanship of Thoreau, still be
often writes in Thoreau's vein ; but a single passage
ship, during which the male uses all the arts he is
in
capable of to win his mate, is equally certain ; that
there are jealousies and rivalries, and that the peace
“One spring morning five swans flew above my barn
in single file, going northward an express train bound
of families is often rudely disturbed by outside
for Labrador. It was a more exhilarating sight than
males or females, is a common observation.” But
if I had seen them in their native haunts. Tbey made
I have myself seen an English hen-sparrow holding a breeze in my mind, like a noble passage in a poem.
a cock by the top-knot, and dangle him clear off How gently their great wings flapped; how easy to fly
his feet while her friends punished him with violent when spring gives the impulse ! On another occasion
peckings.
I saw a line of fowls, probably swans, going northward
The charm in bird-life is that they live, unlike
at such a height that they appeared like a faint waving
us, in all three dimensions; at least, they go up and
black line against the sky. They must have been at
down by no such clumsy contrivances as stairs or
an altitude of two or three miles. I was looking in-
elevators. Haunting realms as yet unconquered by
tently at the clouds to see which way they moved, when
the birds came into my field of vision. I should never
man, they bewitch us with their grace; but clip
have seen them had they not crossed the precise spot
their wings, and their poetry vanishes. Not the
upon wbich my eye was fixed. As it was near sundown,
ostrich, but the eagle, fires the imagination. The they were probably launched for an all-nigbt pull.
ܙܐ ܙܙ


8
[Jan. 1,
THE DIAL
They were going with great speed, and as they swayed
a little this way and that, they suggested a slender, all
The New Books.
but invisible, aërial serpent cleaving the ether. What
a highway was pointed out up there ! - an easy grade
from the Gulf to Hudson's Bay.”
THE MAKING OF AN AMERICAN.*
This is Thoreau to the life, in its concise and noble Jacob Riis, reporter, philanthropist, reformer,
simplicity. We might well suspect it of being an author of “How the Other Half Lives," needs
extract from the “ Journals.”
no introduction to the nation whose ideals he
The importance of naturistic writers, among
whom Mr. Burroughs has a notable place, cannot, of
could scarce honor more highly than he has
course, be compared with that of the humanistic; for
done in calling his autobiography “The Making
humanism is the real goal of man, and naturism but a
of an American."
mere sidepath. Dr. Johnson was right in regarding The most striking quality of his book is un-
Fleet Street as more interesting than Greenwich doubtedly its artless frankness, which is at first
Park. Naturism, as a cult and code and vocation, in equal measure appalling and delightful. But
distracts man from the city ; that is, from civiliza. before one has read far, he agrees unqualifiedly
tion (civis). But as an avocation, the study of bird with that wise friend of Mr. Riis's who told
life contributes to a noble and broad love of all life, him, when he was hesitating over the first
and those who have stimulated this study have a
real function in humanism. Mr. Burroughs does
chapters of his reminiscences, “to take the
this. He inducts us into a real intimacy with bird-
short cut and put it all in.” She evidently
life in all its sweet intensity, its ceaseless, eager,
knew her man, understood the absolute unity
vehement activity, — birds are never, like beasts
of purpose that ran through every act of his
and men, mere loafers, — and he does this without life, and felt how fatal it would be should his
scientific assumption, without moonshiny specula- readers miss seeing that here is a man whose
tion, and without literary finery.
house of life has no back doors and no alley
H. M. STANLEY. windows. The whole of Mr. Riis is in his book,
then, and the real Mr. Riis. He is “speaking
right on ” in words that have no fictitious lime-
light glare about them, and little of the grace
COMMUNICATION.
of artful manipulation ; but they are plain-
speaking words, whose charm is that they are
“PROVEN" FOR “PROVED."
instinct with the thrill and throb of life, with
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
The mail of every week, if not every day, brings to
the joy of labor and the pathos of joy. “The
the writer assurance of the growing use of what is for Making of an American " is the work of a
him a most distressing perversion of our good old En man who deals not with words per se, but with
glish speech. The latest offense is in Admiral Schley's
the things behind the words. It is the work
bill of exceptions to the majority findings of the board
of inquiry: “Which was proven by an overwhelming
of a man, too, who never forgets his past in his
weight of testimony." Not long ago a contributor to The present, nor loses sight of his defeat because
DIAL was in fault : “ Herein is the immortality of the he has turned it into a victory. So the second
poet Tennyson proven ”; and in the current issue of one
remarkable thing about Mr. Riis's book is that
of our better magazines, another magazine which has
to its credit long years of high usefulness begins an
of it is alive.
every page
advertisement : “ During the year just passed, ... bas
And why did the son of a Danish school-
proven more fully than ever. Again, in an editorial master in the sleepy little old town of Ribe,
in what may, perbaps, be called our leading weekly, want to become an American ? Because Elisa-
there appeared last week : " But that America has as
beth, now his “ silver bride,” had jilted him,
yet no considerable class of such men is proven by varied
evidences.” The inflectional ending en for the past
out of respect to her father's very natural
participle is an old English form, and is admissible only scruples about his eligibility as a son-in-law.
in the case of verbs which have retained it. Prove Here was a boy who seemed to have no sense
comes from the Latin through the French, and, like of the fitness of things, who preferred carpentry
other foreign verbs, has had only the form proved for
both past tense and past participle. The use of proven
to schooling, and who during the short time he
is a silly affectation of an unreal archaism. The rhetorics
had spent at his books had been interested in
are all against it. Lewis says, “ Proven is a Scotch po study but English, and that only in order
legal term.” Kittredge says, “The past participle to read Charles Dickens's paper, “ All the
proven should be avoided." This sort of instruction Year Round." In view of what followed it
will have but little effect, if we are constantly to have
before us such weighty examples to the contrary.
was very fortunate that the Riis family sub-
L. W. SMITH. *THE MAKING OF AN AMERICAN. By Jacob A. Riis.
Tabor, Iowa, Dec. 22, 1901.
Illustrated. New York: The Macmillan Co.


1902.)
THE DIAL
-
scribed to “ All the Year Round.”
The boy
The reporter has his hand upon it, and it is his grievous
Jacob's first years in America were difficult
fault if he does not use it well."
enough without the additional hardship that Jacob Riis has apparently wasted very little
absolute ignorance of the “American lan time changing his mind. It would take too
guage” would have involved.
long to tell how he won Elisabeth through
He landed in New York at the age of twenty- sheer conviction that he could not do without
one, with the vaguest notion of what he meant her, and how for a precisely similar reason, by
to do next, but with plenty of youthful assur the hard road of under-pay and over-work, he
ance that Providence would provide for him finally got a staff appointment at Police Head-
somehow, if he only gave her a fair chance. quarters, on the New York “Tribune.”
“Of course I had my trade to fall back on, but I am
Now began the real work of his life, for
afraid that is all the use I thought of putting it to. The which everything hitherto had been a sort of
love of change belongs to youth, and I meant to take a
preparation. Mulberry Street was his chance
hand in things as they came along. I had a pair of
both from a professional and a philanthropic
strong hands, and stubbornness enough to do for two;
also a strong belief that in a free country, free from point of view. There were hostile police to
the dominion of custom, of caste, as well as of men, circumvent and rival reporters to beat; there
things would somehow come right in the end, and a man were all the woes of the Other Half to be re-
get shaken into the corner where he belonged if he
ported in the big sense which is always Mr.
took a band in the game. I think I was right in that.”
Riis's sense — of the word. He prayed that
The confirmatory sentence comes easily now, he might do his work well and then be “dived
but his trust in the ultimate justice of a democin,” bent on exploiting the facts in which he
racy must have been strained well-nigh to
trusted, determined to tell each story of shame
breaking in the six years' struggle that fol-
and crime so that beneath the “foulness and
lowed. The first two years were spent literally the reek of blood” his readers might “see its
in taking “a hand in things as they came
meaning, or at all events catch the human drift
along," — in putting up miners' huts on the
of it."
Allegheny, working in clay-bank and brick-
In this spirit he began his career as police-
yard, as wood.chopper, trapper, hired man,
reporter. On its professional side it immedi-
carpenter, ship-builder, and peddler. Between
ately resolved itself into “a ten years' war,”
jobs the young Dane was a homeless, often
out of which the despised “Dutchman” came
penniless, wanderer, a tramp except at heart.
with what he tells us is the only renown he ever
But he never lost hope ; instead he faced life coveted, “ that of being the boss reporter'in
with a smile and bided his time for setting Mulberry Street.” The “ battlesome account”
right the injustices done him and others like
him. He tells of one awful night spent in a
of those stirring days is full of good stories of
the ups and downs, the set-backs and triumphs,
station house in New York City, when he was
of the fray. The one perbaps which best proves
robbed, and the only friend he had in America,
a little black-and-tan terrier, was maliciously porter is a man of power, having absolutely noth-
Mr. Riis's oft-repeated assertion that the true re-
killed before his eyes.
ing in common with the ubiquitous, sensation.
“ The outrage of that night became, in the providence
of God, the means of putting an end to one of the foulest loving nuisance who sometimes bears the name,
abuses that ever disgraced a Christian city, and a main-
is the story of his famous trip up the Croton
spring in the battle with the slum as far as my share in water-shed. The printed report of what he saw,
it is concerned.”
confirmed by photographs, made a sensation,
Thus Mr. Riis made acquaintance with Mul- but it was not sensational. It was fact, and
berry Street and the Five Points, in a fashion the result was an unpolluted water-supply for
that was later to give sting and poignancy to New York City. Incidentally the disclosure
the police reporter's attitude toward them. To of the imminent possibility of a cholera epi-
these years also can be traced his ambition to
demic was
one of the biggest 66 beats
be a reporter. Writing of his second winter in record.
America, he says:
“ Beats” alone, however, did not satisfy Mr.
“ It was about this time that I made up my mind to Riis; he remembered his dog and he wanted
go into the newspaper business. It seemed to me that
to settle with Mulberry Bend, through which
a reporter's was the highest of all callings; no one could
he walked home between one and four o'clock
sift wrong from right as he, and punish the wrong. In
that I was right. I have not changed my opinion on every morning.
that point one whit, and I am sure I never shall. The “ There were cars on the Bowery, but I liked to walk,
power of fact is the mightiest lever of this or of any day. for so I saw the slum when off its guard. The instinct
on


10
[Jan. 1,
THE DIAL
to pose is as strong there as on Fifth Avenue. It is a futility of newspaper work, passing, as it does,
human impulse, I suppose.
But at 3 A. M. the
into innocuous desuetude with the next “extra,'
veneering is off and you see the true grain of a thing.
should read this book. He can scarcely fail
So, also, I got a picture of the Bend upon my mind
which so soon as I should be able to transfer it to that to get from it an inspiration that will make
of the community would help settle with that pig-sty him view his responsibilities in their largeness
according to its deserts. It was not fit for Christian men and take up his “ club," the fact, with new
and women, let alone innocent children, to live in, and
therefore it had to go. So with the police lodging-
purpose to wield it well. But the thesis has a
wider application. To “ bitch your wagon to
rooms, some of the worst of which were right there.
The way of it never gave me any concern that I remem a star, to make cosmic connections, to see
ber. That would open as soon as the truth was told. each little day as an important item in a big
The trouble was that people did not know and had no
account, is a philosophy that will ennoble every
means of finding out for themselves. But I had.”
worker. And Mr. Riis's contribution to its
Delightfully Platonic, this trust in the power literature is of special value because he shows
of truth to make men free; but it is not ad-
its practical bearing, freights it with no isms
vanced as a general proposition, and it was
nor ologies, combines it with a very human
justified. There were those who had ears to sense of the importance, not of martyrdom,
hear — the Charity Organization Society, the but of success; and best of all, perhaps, tinges
City Health Department, the King's Daughters, it with a delightful sense of humor. His qual-
the various social settlements and tenement
ity as a humorist and a charming raconteur,
commissions, above all President Roosevelt of
with a full fund of racy anecdotes about him-
the Police Board and the rest of the Strong self and his friends, each reader must enjoy
administration, — and they put themselves at for himself. It has been the purpose of this
the other end of the line, the organized, ad. review to show the motives which made his
ministrative end, whose value Mr. Riis fully
game of life seem worth while to him, and,
appreciated, though he never meddled with it from his point of view, gave his autobiography
much.
its excuse for being.
“ To represent is not my business. To write is; I
EDITH KELLOGG DUNTON.
can do it much better and back up the other, so we are
two for one. . . I value the good opinion of my
fellow-men, for with it comes increased power to do
things. But I would reserve the honors for those who
have fairly earned them, and on whom they set easy.
THE FINANCIERING OF THE
They don't on me. I am not ornamental by nature."
CONFEDERACY.*
Nor did he care to be ornamental. Always
There has been a sort of poetic glamor cast
a worker, he wished to be known as one who
over the struggle for “the lost cause” which
worked well; after that to avenge the death of has fascinated the mind of even so matter-of-
a little black-and-tan dog. This, it seemed
fact a man as the economic historian. This is
to him, could best be done by letting light and doubtless a partial explanation of the fact
air into the slums whose spiritual darkness and that while great portions of the economic and
foulness had killed his dog, — by bringing to financial history of “the United States of
them the flowers of the fields, by planting America” are almost untrodden fields, so con-
small parks there to be bits of God's country scientious an investigator as Professor Schwab
in a godless place, by establishing decent
has undertaken the task of furnishing us with
schools and pleasant play-grounds, which are a careful and comprehensive study of the
the children's rights. How he “sat up with financial and industrial history of the short-
his club," the fact, until these reforms were lived “Confederate States of America."
achieved, is the story that makes up the last
The economic history of the Confederacy
half of his autobiography.
centres about the efforts made by Southern
“I would not have missed being in it all for statesmen and financiers to secure the means
anything.” That sentence strikes the keynote of carrying on the war. Under the wisest
of the impression which Mr. Riis's book leaves administration of fiscal affairs, this would have
with the reader. If its frankness and virility
been a most difficult problem. The desire to
are singular, no less so is its unassuming opti-
prove the advantages of slavery as an indus-
mism, its keen sense of the joy of combat, of
trial system had led ante-bellum writers in the
the infinite interest and inestimable value of a
life lived honestly and with purpose. Every
* THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, 1861-1865.
By John Christopher Schwab. (Yale Bicentennial Publica-
journalist who is weighted with a sense of the tions.) New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
TII


1902.)
11
THE DIAL
South to boast of the wealth of the Slave of other governments had clearly shown; yet
States and to compare the resources of this some excuse may be found for the Secretary
part of the country with those of the North, and Congress in the fact that this was the
to the invariable detriment of the latter. The most popular as well as the expected method
fact remains that the South was industrially of raising the revenue. Bonds did not prove
far weaker than the North, and such resources popular, and, while a produce loan attempted
as she did possess, in her agricultural lands during the first year of the war met with some
and her slaves, were unfitted to bear the strain success as a means of raising revenue, it led
of a long war or to furnish to the government to a demand on the part of the cotton planters,
the income necessary to prosecute the struggle. who were unable on account of the blockade to
Memminger of South Carolina, who was market their crop, that the government should
selected by President Davis as the first Secre purchase the entire cotton crop in Treasury
tary of the Treasury, and whose name is likely notes made legal tender. Memminger at first
to be as permanently identified with the Con hesitated, but, finally convinced that this meas-
federate fiscal policy as that of Chase is with ure would result in the complete ruin of the
the fiscal policy of the Federal government at credit of the government, he advised against it.
this time, was not fitted either by training or Before the end of 1861, the Confederacy was
ability for the position which he occupied ; and irretrievably committed to the policy of forced
his administration met with no considerable loans, in the shape of non-interest-bearing
success. Perhaps no man could have made Treasury notes, as the chief fiscal reliance of
success of Confederate finances under the cir. the government. Apart from an insignificant
cumstances, and with the ideas in regard to customs duty, no provision had been made for
finance then prevailing among the people; but taxation.
Secretary Memminger cannot entirely escape The year 1862 brought no improvement in
the responsibility for the fiscal policy actually the condition of affairs or in the methods pur-
adopted.
sued by Congress and the Secretary. No
“We miss in him the ability to foresee the inevitable taxes were levied, and further issues of notes
consequences of the measures he proposed, and the were resorted to. Futile efforts were made to
power to assume leadership by winning the confidence
prevent the currency from becoming redundant,
of the Congress and their coöperation in framing a
policy that should have secured the fullest use of the
by making the notes and bonds interchangable.
resources of the South instead of one that dissipated
This only increased the redundancy; for debtors
and deranged them. A financier of like talent to that wished notes to pay debts, and bonds were ex-
of the Southern military leaders would doubtless have changed for the notes. Finally, in September,
conducted the affairs of the treasury with more success.'
a sweeping provision was made which allowed
In accordance with the usual practice of the issue of bonds and notes to an unlimited
modern governments, the Secretary and Con amount whenever needed to pay government
gress planned from the very first to place more expenses. Strenuous efforts were made to bor-
reliance on loans than on taxes, though it is row abroad on the security of the cotton and
important here to note that, in making pro tobacco secured from the produce loans; and
visions for the first loan, the Confederate Con. these efforts met with some success, though, as
gress voted that an export duty be laid, the the speculation in cotton grew, the planters
proceeds of which were consistently devoted to were unwilling to part with their cotton in ex-
the payment of the interest on these early change for the bonds. Agents of the Con-
bonds. As a consequence, these bonds all federate government were sent to Europe, and
through the war were quoted at a higher figure in December, 1862, two of these agents suc-
than the later issues. The first loan of ceeded in floating bonds on the basis of cotton
$15,000,000 was successfully floated, though as a pledge. The bonds could be exchanged
it caused a suspension of specie payments in for cotton delivered within ten miles of a railway
certain quarters.
station within the Confederate States during
The inevitable issue of Treasury notes began
The French banking house of Er-
on March 9, 1861, and from this time on this. langer & Cie. took the work of floating a loan
measure was frequently resorted to. Intended of $15,000,000, and would have liked to have
at first as only a temporary expedient, it soon a larger loan, so great was the demand for
became almost the sole reliance of the Treasury cotton in Europe. In spite of the risky char-
for funds to carry on the war. That this acter of the investment, the “ London Econo-
would be the inevitable outcome, the experience mist” rated these bonds higher than Federal
the war.


12
[Jan. 1,
THE DIAL
securities, and the fifteen millions of dollars Chase and the Northern Congress. Candor
were subscribed five times over. The quota. | compels the further statement, however, that
tions went as high as 95; but after the Federal the fact that po other currency than the Con-
victories of 1863 the price fell. Years after federate notes existed in the South made the
the war was over, the foreign holders of these supposed gains from a legal-tender act much
bonds had their hopes raised that the bonds less than in the North. The legal-tender acts
would be redeemed by the government of the of various Southern States, and the desperate
United States, or by that of some Southern funding measures of the Confederate Congress
State, or from funds of the Confederate gov. in 1863 and 1864, make it highly probable
ernment supposed to be in some bank in Eu that the same Congress would have adopted a
rope. The loss to European investors in these legal-tender act if there had been any hope of
bonds, Professor Schwab estimates at $9,750,- raising the value of the depreciated notes by
000; while the profits to the Confederacy he so doing.
considers to have been not more than $1,283, Instructive, entertaining, almost amusing, is
930.
the history of the Confederate currency and
The failure of note-holders to convert their its effect upon prices. Whether or not it was
notes into bonds led Secretary Memminger to the only fiscal resource that could have been
recommend, and Congress to pass, certain employed by the Confederate government, it
measures intended to make funding compul- is certainly true that it was the one adopted in
sory, and wbich virtually meant repudiation. response to public demand; and that it was
The measures did not accomplish their purpose, public demand, as well as fiscal exigencies, that
and the decline in the value of the notes was caused one issue of notes to follow another.
much more rapid. Funding soon ceased. In March, 1865, the gold dollar was worth
Prices in 1863 and 1864 rose to prodigious $65 in Confederate currency, while the rise
figures. In this latter year, Congress, acting in the currency price of commodities was in
on the advice of both President Davis and
most cases even greater than the rise in the
Secretary Memminger, began an admitted vio- price of gold. Professor Schwab has made a
lation of contracts, and actual repudiation, by careful study and comparison of both Northern
taxing out of existence the notes which their and Southern prices during the war; but the
holders refused to exchange for bonds. This results of his investigation, best shown in his
measure, which caused the complete wreck of tables, cannot be adequately given here.
the Confederate credit, failed of its purpose -1° The example set by the central government
the prevention of a further fall in prices. in the matter of note-issue was imitated by the
Memminger resigned in June, and was fol State governments in the South, by the mu-
lowed by Secretary Trenholm, who sought in nicipal corporations, and even by private cor-
vain to restore public confidence by advocating porations and business firms. Added to these
the repeal of the repudiation measures and the issues were counterfeit notes, the genuine notes
adoption of a policy of raising revenue through shading off into the counterfeit so that the
taxation. Congress refused to adopt these issue of the latter was scarcely resisted and but
recommendations, and the closing days of the little condemned. It is perhaps the most
Confederacy are marked by the creation of a unfortunate consequence of the issue of an
large floating debt and by government specu- irredeemable paper currency, that this deviation
lation in specie, while little attempt was made from the path of strict business integrity on
the arrears.
the part of the government is reflected in the
In the matter of legal-tender legislation, the lowering of the moral tone of the people. The
Confederate government avoided the mistaken redundant currency in the South encouraged
policy of the government at the North, no speculation, and speculation encouraged gam-
Confederate Congress having actually adopted bling of all sorts. Gambling was prevalent in
this expedient It would be wrong to refuse all the large cities as well as in the army, and
credit to whom it is due, and it is due to Mem- other kinds of vice accompanied it.
minger in this instance to state that he strenu “Ruffians, thieves, and prostitutes abounded, and vice
ously opposed a legal-tender act in 1861, and in every form became common. The South from this
again in 1862; and it is also proper to credit point of view does not present an attractive picture,
the Confederate Congress with having stead-
which is only matched by the description of the social
fastly refused to be carried away by the same
conditions prevailing at the time of similar upheavals
in other countries, — for instance, in France during the
arguments as at this time convinced Secretary last decade of the eighteenth century."
to keep up


1902.)
13
THE DIAL
It is pleasant to be able to record that in a subject; after which, in Section II., there
time when business morality was at a low ebb, comes a running interpretation of the spiritual
and both the law and public opinion favored significance and the art of “Cymbeline.”
the debtor class, especially if the creditor hap Professor Sherman's scholarly sureness,
his
pened to be a Northern man, not all debtors keenly psychological gift of analysis, his ready
took advantage of the opportunity offered of grasp of the spiritual potency of character and
escaping the payment of their obligations. dramatic situation, find here very satisfying
The bankers and merchants of New Orleans expression. The treatment of the play, extend-
deserve especial mention for having refused | ing to over a hundred pages, is as full, as
to repudiate their contracts, and for insisting minutely critical, as sympathetic and human,
on paying their obligations to their Northern
as anyone could well wish. All this is, of
correspondents in full.
M. B. HAMMOND.
course, in the
way.
of preparation for what the
reader is afterwards to do for himself with
other plays. The discussion takes up such
matters as might or should come into the
mind of any discerning reader, - matters of
THE SECRET OF SHAKESPEARE.*
real human interest, not questions of date, or
Years ago, Lowell, writing about Shakes- of position in the order of development of
peare, implied an apology in the title of his Shakespeare's powers, or of other things that
essay, Shakespeare Once More"; and yet have a curious interest only. At every step
books are still being written about the world's the reader learns how to divine by following
master-poet without our having yet come to the process of divination in another.
the feeling that the subject is exhausted. In Sections III. and IV. are concerned with a
the latest contribution to the study of his much less exhaustive treatment of “The
message and his art, “ What is Shakespeare ?”
Winter's Tale” and “ Romeo and Juliet,” it
by Professor L. A. Sherman of the University being assumed that with a little help the stu-
of Nebraska, the problem of reaching an un. dent can now realize Shakespeare's ultimate
derstanding of his significance for us, of mak- meanings for himself, and find pleasure in so
ing him potent as an element in our culture, doing. Section V. takes up the question of
is approached in an altogether new fashion. “ Shakespeare's Dramatic Art," illustrating it
It is the author's belief that Shakespeare is in the main from the handling of character
not for the student alone, but as well for all and plot in “ Macbeth.” We have been made
who will put themselves in the way of receiving to feel something of Shakespeare's greatness
his inspiration. If this is true, the problem as an artist in the preceding pages ; but heşe
becomes at once a question of training in in this becomes more luminously real. It is a
sight; since certainly, without some sort of part of the moving power of Professor Sher-
preparation, the great mass of those who are man's handling of his theme, that human in-
reading to-day will not enjoy Shakespeare. terest, vital meanings, and technical skill of the
Neither will they, or the special student, enjoy artist, are brought before us together as ac.
him if they are to come to an understanding of cordant elements of one supremely great literary
him only through detailed explanation from whole. It adds greatly to our relish of a play
someone else. Pleasure in any literary product to follow the author as he shapes its meaning
comes, not in knowing, but in divining; not into satisfying and compelling artistic forms.
in reaching a conclusion, but in following the A little less than fifty pages are then de-
steps to the conclusion.
voted to “Shakespeare the Man,” a showing
Professor Sherman's book, then, is not an of about all that is really known of him, written
attempt to explain Shakespeare, to find in him
from the view.point of a charitable under-
new depths of wisdom, to make us see the man standing of some of the doubtful things of his
afresh in his work. It is, instead, an attempt life, things which have generally been inter-
to make it possible for the reader — any readerpreted in less kindly fashion. This, and the
to come into direct personal relations with two concluding sections of the book on the
Shakespeare without the intervention of an "Groupings of the Plays” and “ Personal
interpreter. Following out this purpose, Séc- Study of the Plays,” are in the way of direct
tion I. is given to a brief discussion of the giving of information, but it is information
WHAT IS SHAKESPEARE? By L. A. Sherman. New
which the reader may properly wish to gain at
York: The Macmillan Co.
second-hand. Time spent in acquiring it for


14
[Jan. 1,
THE DIAL
one's self would be given to consideration of States and Samoa, the Monroe Doctrine, and
externals, not to getting at the heart of Shake the North East Coast Fisheries.
speare. An appendix contains questions on It is made clear by the author that in the
“The Winter's Tale," " Romeo and Juliet,'
“ Romeo and Juliet,” | Bering Sea controversy the United States,
and “ Twelfth Night,” of the sort which the under color of Russian imperial documents,
author has made familiar to English teachers partly forged, vainly asserted the right to ap-
throughout the country.
propriate a vast expanse of open navigable
It will be at once apparent that the book is ocean, in total conflict with the motive and
a working tool for students and inquirers, reason of its great struggle in the early part of
rather than an effort to make literary capital the century for the freedom of the high seas
out of a great heritage of the English race. of the world. By the arbitrators we were con-
If it were to be read merely for its own sake victed of numerous wrongful and violent visi-
rather than for its helpfulness, the plan of tations and captures on the public seas, inflicted
treatment might very properly be criticised, upon the ships and crews of a friendly power
since the different subjects are more or less - the power against which, in 1812, we had
detached, and they certainly do not follow one declared war for similar acts of invasion
another in any definite order of logical devel. against ourselves. “It is to be regretted,"
opment or of increasing interest. Indeed, the says Mr. Henderson, “that in this matter the
concluding portions seem to be, even more than United States should have appeared before the
was needful, a gathering up of unrelated matters tribunal and the civilized world in the unfor-
which it may merely be convenient to have at tunate light of taking a step backward in order
hand. In comparison with such a work as to resuscitate and reclothe a defunct doctrine."
that of George Brandes, it of course seems in That the United States, by cession from Russia,
complete ; the rich glow of the latter, its showing could take nothing in the main oceans not the
of a brilliant life giving expression to the common possession of all nations was a decree
greatest range of poetry shaped from the most of the arbitrators fully justified in American
varied experience, is lacking. But only the organic law and international practice.
scholar familiar with all that Shakespeare As to our relations with Samoa under the
wrote can follow Brandes with steady and in Berlin Treaty of 1889, it is said that their
telligent interest. The reader who wishes to history reveals the first genuine instance of
obtain at second-hand as much knowledge of departure from a time-honored policy of non-
Shakespeare as he can in a short time, or who intervention in the domestic affairs of alien
would satisfy his soul with a string of grace nations. Elsewhere it is shown, as was shown
fully phrased sentiments and critical opinions, a hundred years before, that this rule of non-
will be disappointed in the book. There are intervention is based upon a fundamental prin-
other books that serve such a purpose better;ciple of the American State. In this novel
but for the earnest reader really desirous of treaty entered into with Great Britain and
coming to fellowship with the world's greatest Germany, it is said that the signatories assumed
mind, we have had few books more truly helpful. the responsibility of policing the internal af-
LEWIS WORTHINGTON SMITH. fairs and external relations of a people “not
accepted as members of our Union and in whose
interests we had, as a nation, not the least
concern." We are told in rapid and lifelike
RECENT AMERICAN DIPLOMACY.*
narrative of the inevitable incidents of this
The two books reviewed in this article deal form of world-power. We read of many flag-
with timely and pressing issues in an interest raisings, some by American consuls and naval
ing way, and, in some instances, from different officers, some by Germans, and others again
if not opposite points of view.
by the greatest of all flag-raisers, the British
Mr. Henderson's work, which may be first Empire. We read of a great British firm,
considered, is an exposition of five "questions”: personifying, for the time being, the “inter-
The Fur Seals and the Bering Sea Award, ests” of that Empire; also of a still greater
the Interoceanic Canal Problem, the United commercial body styling itself Godeffroy and
* AMERICAN DIPLOMATIC QUESTIONS. By John B. Hen- Company, a largely capitalized German con-
derson, Jr. New York: The Macmillan Co.
cern in its later state boasting the rather com-
THE FOUNDATIONS OF AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY.
With a Working Bibliography. By Albert Bushnell Hart.
prehensive corporate name of the Deutsche
New York: The Macmillan Co.
Handels- und Plantagen-Gesellschaft für Süd-


1902.)
15
THE DIAL
very dif.
see-Inseln zu Hamburg. It would seem that Doctrine. These are among the conclusions
upon the appearance of this ponderous example reached by him : In reality the doctrine was
of organized wealth among those tropical palm- only a new name for the right of self-protection;
groves the primacy of Germany in the trio of a principle as old as man himself, called into
depredators became a mere question of time. expression by apprehension of European ag-
In the sequel the time proved to be ten years. gression in the Americas. " The Spanish
But for that decade of impossibility, sorrow, possessions were in revolt and offered a tempt-
and bloodshed, we read of many confusions ing field for the exploitation of European arms.
and outbreaks, intensified by independent or The American people were impressed with a
coöperative fusillades and naval bombardments sense of danger in every European advance";
of the sea coast Samoan villages. The end of the doctrine voiced that apprehension in a
our share of this triangular pandemonium was way that satisfied every American citizen.”
accomplished, as had been its beginning, by The author feels no apprehension that our
an exercise of the treaty-making power. The people will not remain “ alert and watchful of
treaty of 1899 is a diplomatic document which their own interests.” “Higher principles than
a repentant American statesman might peruse devotion to the Monroe Doctrine will guide –
with a mournful sigh of relief. Mr. Henderson principles of an organic law upon which the
refers to it as marking “ the final episode of Monroe Doctrine is founded and of which the
American complicity in Samoan affairs.” Even Monroe Doctrine was but a single expression."
Professor Hart thinks “the Colonial system as
In Professor Hart's Foundations of Amer-
applied in Samoa farcical”; and he says also ican Foreign Policy” is presented a conception
that “the United States has for more than a of America as a “ World Power
hundred years been a great Colonial power ferent from that implied, if not asserted, by
without suspecting it.” The existence of this Mr. Henderson. The first care of the author
century of colonial power is explained further is to disprove the groundless charge of “iso-
on in Professor Hart's book.
lation.” The truth concerning the accusation
Mr. Henderson is moved to give us this en. is fearlessly retold. We are not, never have
tire treaty of 1899, with its signatures by our been, isolated. The question when and how
Secretary of State and the German and British to exercise American influence in the counsels
Ambassadors Extraordinary and Plenipoten. of the nations has never been one of prerog-
tiary. We have hardly space for the surmise ative, but of expediency reserved to the judg-
that our Secretary probably demanded and ment of our public men. The key to our foreign
secured the insertion of Article III. in which policy is not in any formula or maxim of
is embodied the Golden Rule of Diplomacy, statecraft, but in deep principles of human in-
Equal Rights to All the signatory confederates. terest. Our diplomatic history shows that
The chief value of Samoa as one of our diplo " the government has never hesitated to assert
matic precedents must always be found, not in itself anywhere on the globe if its interests
our military and mercantile successes over the seemed sufficient." In such a crisis as that
weak and defenseless, not in the promotion of of 1898, therefore, the United States took
“interests” which followed or preceded the no new position, but re-asserted what history
flag of our country, but rather in the deeply shows had never been abandoned — the place
impressive moral lesson that neither vanity nor of a world-power."
6 All the discussion on
passion nor yet self-interest could suffice to the future policy of the United States really
postpone longer the necessary measure of re. comes down to the question whether it is to the
treat from an unprincipled invasion. To those National interest to go far afield in new enter-
who think they find in flowers called from the prises.” The author considers our recent
anthologies of history a surer precept for human military operations against Spain as “justified
guidance than that felt in the impulse of the by national interest.
of the by national interest." True, at first sight the
personal conscience, the epic of our Samoan
appear“ abnormal.'
" To seize islands, to sub.
Colony will read as something deeper than a vert long-established colonial governments,
farce. That colonization was tried in Samoa “to distribute dynamite shells among malcon-
and found wanting is also history, and might tents ” — all these exercises of our “latent
have been foretold upon elementary canons of prerogatives in international concerus" seem
divination.
to many minds to have been “ an aggressive
The topic to which Mr. Henderson gives the departure from our National Policy." This
largest attention is not Samoa, but the Monroe to the author is an unb al error. We
66


16
[Jan. 1,
THE DIAL
Americans live so fast“ that we run away from hundred thousand have gone over him. The
our own history.” To recall the absent-minded few years of distance have lessened the degrees
reader to his own country he is pointed to the of his arc on the horizon. Yet, of course, this
“ precedents," more than sixty in number, of does not diminish his true importance, nor
“ actual or authorized use of force outside our give any suggestion whereby better to judge
National jurisdiction.” These instances, in his permanent value. The high tides and the
cluding the War of the Revolution, the War of surges hide temporarily many a solid crag
1812, and every other big or little American that will look out for centuries above the
war, are apparently made the basis of the in-fluctuant waters.
ference that the War of 1898 was not "ab But the fact that we are beginning to get
normal.”
away slightly from the first fever of the great
There is among Professor Hart's other sug- Norwegian's triumph, out of the clutches of
gestive titles a chapter upon “Brother Jo the Ibsen cult, suggests that the time is at
athan's Colonies." The author asks : “ What hand when rational judgments can be formed,
is the essential conception of a colony ? Is it when the average person may trust himself to
anything more than a tract of territory sub- investigate and have an opinion for himself.
ordinate to the inhabitants of a different tract Whether Dr. Ibsen will be one of the true lit-
of country and ruled by authorities wholly or erary immortals, one among the select few,
in part responsible to the main administration
may still be an open question in the minds of
instead of to the people of their own region ?” well-informed and critical persons. But there
Since 1784, we have always had such colonies can be no question that he has been a tre-
side by side with us as the ruling nation, mendous force in modern literature during the
“ only we have chosen to call them terri. last half of the nineteenth century, that he is
tories.'” Thus Illinois and many others of a writer of extraordinary originality, and that
our States were once “Colonies.” If so, it he has reflected in his writings the peculiar
would seem that they must have been colonies phases and problems of latter-day men and
in the special sense in which the ruler abdicates society. This means that no well-informed
in advance. By many this generalization of the person can afford to be without a reasonable
term “colony ” will be deemed
will be deemed a forced one.
forced one. knowledge of the man and the scope and ten-
Professor Hart's work is a revised collection dency of his works and a first-hand acquaint-
of recent magazine articles and is supplemented ance with some portion of his product.
by an index and a bibliography likely to be of To this end the re-publication of Mr. Payne's
great use to those seeking information upon translation of Jäger's literary biography of
the momentous questions of vast human in Dr. Ibsen will be welcomed. What remained
terest recently and suddenly projected upon of the first edition of the work, which appeared
the field of American public and private life. in 1890, was destroyed in the McClurg fire
As ever before, the first to arrive on the ground three years ago. This, together with the fact
have been the experts and specialists. The that six important dramas had appeared since
larger masses, we may suppose, will move more that earlier publication, made a new edition
slowly and more surely at their own chosen doubly desirable. Mr. Payne has written ac-
time.
GEORGE L. PADDOCK.
counts of these six later dramas, and united
them into a final chapter, which brings the
biography down to “ The End of the History,"
HENRIK IBSEN.*
so far as the account of the author's printed
It may be that the estimate of Dr. Ibsen
As the title of the book indicates, this is an
made by conservative critics is fully as high account of Dr. Ibsen's literary works strung
to-day as it was twelve years ago, or in the order of their appearance upon the
higher. But it is certain that he occupies a
thread of his personal career. The accounts
less conspicuous place in the eye of the general
reading public than he once did. The waves
are just what such reviews ought to be. Per-
haps they do not leave enough room for com-
and the billows of the novels with first editions
parison among themselves and with the works
of fifty thousand and first year sales of five
of standard writers. Perhaps, too, the details
HENRIK IBSEN. A Critical Biography by Henrik Jäger. of the man's life are here and there too full.
From the Norwegian by William Morton Payne. Second
But in the main these details throw light upon
edition, with a Supplementary Chapter by the translator.
Illustrated. Chicago : A. C. McClurg & Co.
the dramas. Mr. Payne's translation stands
works goes.
even


1902.]
17
THE DIAL
the excellent test that there is no conscious Richard comes into the world horribly deformed :
jolt when the reader runs from the last chapter his lower limbs are shortened to half the natural
of the original to the one which is wholly Mr. length; his whole history is a struggle to make life
Payne's own composition. The bibliographical conditions, and in the end it is made more than
notes in the Prefaces are useful, and might conditions ; and in the end it is made more than
endurable by the love of a woman whose physical
well have been extended. One is surprised to
endowment is as superb as his own is defective.
find no allusion to Jäger's own later book,
It is a veritable union of souls that we are by
“ Henrik Ibsen and his Works,” which ap-gradual but inevitable steps led to contemplate,
peared in 1892.
and in that view we forget all the rest. Sir
The volume is handsomely printed and sup Richard's life history, as here set before us by Mrs.
plied with five portraits of Ibsen, one of his Harrison's admirable art, is interesting through-
wife, and other illustrations.
out all its stages. He is a winsome child, and
W. H. CARRUTH.
becomes most pathetically winsome when the sense
of his difference from other children first obtrudes
upon his consciousness. He has all that wealth
can procure, and in addition all the satisfaction
RECENT FICTION.*
that can be bestowed by social position and dis-
tinguished lineage. But these fortunate circum-
“Sir Richard Calmady" came to us heralded by stances serve only to bring into greater relief the
so loud a chorus of praise from the other side of contrast between his physical disability and the
the Atlantic that we were prepared to give it a mode of life which his birth offers. The mockery
cordial welcome, and it was with no little satisfac. of it all becomes poignantly real to him as he grows
tion that we found its pages to number nearly seven to manhood, and finds that nearly all the joys of
hundred. We are of those who, recalling the ample living, in the physical sense, are denied him.
dimensions of many a work of modern fiction, from Although naturally generous of nature, and of fine
Thackeray to Sienkiewicz, believe that a really good spiritual endowment, he becomes morbid and cyn.
novel cannot be too long, and since “Sir Richard ical, and for a term of black years gives free rein
Calmady” proves itself to be a really good novel, to the baser elements of our common nature. How
its length counts among its conspicuous merits. he is saved from these depths of self-degradation,
“Lucas Malet” has done good work before this, and finally reconciled with such life as is possible
upon a lesser scale, - provokingly good work, in for him, is the theme of the closing chapters, which
the sense that its possibilities always seemed to be are strongly moving in their power and beauty.
better than its achievement. At last, she has given One scene in particular is memorable. It is in the
herself full swing, and the result is a work that theatre at Naples ; Sir Richard has just touched
must be reckoned with as a contribution to serious the nadir of his spiritual abasement, and fate brings
literature. To avoid misunderstandings, we hasten upon him the crowning bumiliation of physical
to say that it is not a novel of tendency, it has no insult. His brain is reeling with imminent fever,
thesis to maintain, it is simply a rich picture of and his mental condition, as he sits in his box, is
human life, as presented in the relations of a small portrayed with absolute psychological mastery.
group of people, the chief of whom is so abnormal This is the turning-point in his career, and when
an individual that it is no small triumph to have so he rallies from the disease it is to grope slowly and
delineated his character that sympathetic interest gets with faltering steps upward into the light of a
the better of natural repulsion, making us acquiesce cleansed existence, and a renewed belief in life.
in an outcome which at the start we should be in It has been a hard struggle, but egoism is finally
clined to reject as monstrous. To put it briefly, Sir merged into altruism, and with the transformation
*THE HISTORY OF SIR RICHARD CALMADY. A Romance. THE GREAT WHITE WAY. By Albert Bigelow Paine.
By Lucas Malet. New York: Dodd, Mead, & Co.
New York: J. F. Taylor & Co.
THE BENEFACTRESS. By the author of " Elizabeth and THE ARGONAUTS. By Eliza Orzeszko. Translated from
Her German Garden." New York: The Macmillan Co. the Polish by Jeremiah Curtin. New York: Charles Scrib-
THE SECRET ORCHARD. By Agnes and Egerton Castle.
ner's Sons.
New York: Frederick A, Stokes Co.
THE BALLET DANCER, and ON GUARD. By Matilde
THE TRAITOR's Way. By S. Levett-Yeats. New York: Serao. New York: Harper & Brothers.
Frederick A. Stokes Co.
THE DEATH OF THE GODs. By Dmitri Mérejkowski.
THE BELEAGUERED FOREST. By Elia W. Peattie. New Translated by Herbert Trench. New York: G. P. Putnam's
York : D. Appleton & Co.
Sons.
THE STRENGTH OF THE Hills. A Novel. By Florence FOMA GORDYÉEFF. By Maxim Gorky. Translated by
Wilkinson. New York: Harper & Brothers.
Isabel F. Hapgood. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
LET Not Man Put A SUNDER. A Novel. By Basil King.
ORLOFF AND HIS WIFE. Tales of the Barefoot Brigade.
New York: Harper & Brothers.
By Maxim Gorky. Translated from the Russian by Isabel
THE REAL WORLD. By Robert Herrick. New York: F. Hapgood. New York : Charles Scribner's Sons.
The Macmillan Co.
NANNA. A Story of Danish Love. By Holger Drach-
THYRA. A Romance of the Polar Pit. By Robert Ames mann. Re-written in English by Francis F. Browne. Chicago :
Bennet. New York: Henry Holt & Co.
A. C. McClurg & Co.


18
[Jan. 1,
THE DIAL
the world becomes once more a fit place to inhabit, may say fairly that the disagreeable types of char-
even for such a creature as he is. Mrs. Harrison acter upon which the author's talents are exercised
does not gloss over the unpleasant aspects of his seem to have been selected with a malicious sort of
life, and her descriptions are often unconventional delight, and that they are not sufficiently relieved
to the point of daring. But we cannot think her by characters of more attractive endowment. The
work open to condemnation for this lack of reti book is one to make its German readers wince, and
cence, since its moral purpose is clearly held in even to make its English readers feel that the 80-
view, and worked out with a firm hand. Two ciety which it depicts is caricatured rather than
criticisms seem to us fair. One of them is that her portrayed.
hero too continually broods over his misfortune, too 6. The Secret Orchard” is the work of Mr. and
continually tortures himself and others by speaking Mrs. Egerton Castle, which is equivalent to saying
of it. Terrible as such an affliction must be, it that it is artfully contrived and full of romantic
would in time find its way into the background of charm. But it is a rather poor example of the
consciousness; it is the wont of nature to provide
provide usually exquisite craftsmanship of these writers,
some sort of workable adjustment even in so des and will add nothing to their reputation. The
perate a case as this. The other criticism is direeted trusting wife, the libertine husband, and the young
to the machinery of the story. The introduction woman who makes the mischief, are all familiar
of the chap-book jingle, with its prophecy of Sir enough to the novel-reader, and with these three
Richard's birth and fortunes, is a melodramatic the story is almost wholly concerned. It is saved
feature quite unworthy of the art that has given us from being commonplace by ingenuity of incident,
this sustained and impressive creation of character. animation of manner, and a diction which has the
Popularity may safely be predicted for “The touch of delicacy. The “secret orchard” is simply
Benefactress,” by the author of “Elizabeth and a figurative designation of the unballowed scenes
Her German Garden.” Considered as a story, it in which unlicensed love accomplishes the wreck
is no great affair, but it makes up for the lack of of faith and happiness.
plot-interest by its acute characterizations of per In “The Traitor's Way,” Mr. S. Levett-Yeats
sons and places, and by its shrewd humor. The tells a story of the French court and the French
heroine is a young English girl whose home sur wars during the brief reign of Francis II. It is a
roundings are rather vulgar, and who escapes from vigorous narrative, replete with dramatic situations,
her depressing English environment through the but not very successful in sketching the historical
happy chance of a country estate in Germany to background of the action. The hero (who tells the
which she falls heiress. She visits the property story) assures us at the outset that he is a traitor
with no further intention than that of inspection, of the blackest dye, and his performance makes the
but when on the spot, a fine philanthropic notion assurance good. A book which has a despicable
gets into her unsophisticated head, and she deter hero is always handicapped, and the hero in the
mines to convert her new property into a home for present instance makes matters worse by the pos-
forlorn females with whom the world has dealt session of a sort of conscience that compels him to
harshly, herself living with them as a sort of guardian insist upon his own villainy upon every possible
angel. There are to be twelve of the chosen, and occasion. We are bound to take him at his word,
they are to be secured by judicious advertising, and and the result is rather unpleasant.
careful sifting of the applications. When three “A woman is something fugitive, irrational, in-
inmates of the home have thus been secured, the determinate, illogical, and contradictory." These
plan is put in full operation, but proves a distressing words from Amiel are given us as the introduction
failure. The atmosphere of love and sympathy to Mrs. Peattie's story of “The Beleaguered For-
which the heroine seeks to create for her charges est,” and to their concrete illustration the book is
somehow fails to develope, and she is made to suffer devoted. It is a story that must be wronged by
for a too confiding faith in human nature. Instead any retelling, for it deals with temperament rather
of fitting into the scheme of things prepared for than action, and the character of the woman who
them, the women display about every form of is its central figure is delineated by an infinity of
meanness and hypocrisy and backbiting. Things delicate touches, not by a few bold strokes. That
are all at sixes and sevens, and the benefactress, an impulsive girl should link her fortunes with those
having learned her lesson, does not know how to of a morose man of middle age, already half-
escape from her unpleasant predicament. Fortu paretic through addiction to an insidious drug, and
nately, a neighboring nobleman provides a way of go off to live with him in his lumber-camp in the
escape upon the usual terms. What becomes of northern wilderness — this is the least part of the
the philanthropic idea after their marriage is not story, and yet it is about all there is to tell. What
related, but we may imagine the outcome. Events chiefly concerns the reader is the development of
are huddled far too closely together near the end of her character under these conditions, and it is with
the story to be satisfactory, but the author has had keen interest that we follow the process by which
her fling, and that is, after all, the main purpose of a strong-souled woman is shaped to take the place
her book. Knowing German life as intimately as of an erratic and irresponsible maiden. When the
she does, her book is charmingly revealing, but we term of her self-discipline is ended by the fortunate


1902.]
19
THE DIAL
-
death of her husband, and she returns to civilization indeed. The purpose of it all seems to be the in-
with the closing chapter, we feel the satisfaction of culcation of Mr. Punch’s “don't,” as applied to
having witnessed a deeply interesting experiment divorce instead of marriage. The sermon is not
in kinetic psychology. Mrs. Peattie's book has very effective, for the social difficulties of a divorced
many good qualities. Although it has chiefly to person seem to provide the chief arguments against
do with a morbid theme, it is rather bright than the practice. The story has little action, and is
gloomy, rather high-spirited than dejected. It is characterized by a certain hard brilliancy. The
also amazingly clever in its turn of phrase, so clever, occasional attempts to be either pathetic or tragic
indeed, that it moves in a sort of artificial world of are made perfectly futile by the artificial nature of
its own, in which people are invariably witty or both theme and treatment.
epigrammatic when they converse, and preternat It is natural to expect steady progress in the
urally subtle when they fall into the mood of re work of a young novelist of Mr. Robert Herrick's
flection.
parts, and we think, on the whole, that “The Real
The vernacular of the logging-camp, which plays World” indicates a real advance in his grasp upon
a necessary part in Mrs. Peattie's novel, reappears life. A haunting sense that the shows of existence
in the next book on our list, “ The Strength of the are not its reality has obsessed the minds of many
Hills,” by Miss Florence Wilkinson. Here the poets and seers, from Plato to Shakespeare, from
scene is not Michigan, but the Adirondacks, and Omar to Kant; as Carlyle somewhere says:
" All
with this common feature the resemblance ends. deep souls see that.” But the mind that has once
Miss Wilkinson's book is the ninth in the “ Amer detected the illusion does not rest content; it strives
ican Novel Series " of which we have spoken on to construct the elements of a new world that shall
several earlier occasions, and the second volume of have the stamp of reality. To it then comes the
the series to bear a woman's name. It is a much behest of the spirit chorus in "Faust":
better book than the author's earlier novel, although
“Prächtiger
certain trivialities of incident weaken it not a little.
Baue sie wieder,
The hero is a semi-educated rustic, a lumberman
In deinem Busen baue sie auf!"
by vocation, and by avocation an itinerant lay That way, no doubt, lies mysticism, but that way
preacher of the Methodist persuasion. He is rugged also lies the possibility of reshaping life in accord-
and sincere, but not exactly loveable. The novel ance with eternal truth and the divine purpose.
gets its title from his character, and his personality | This may seem a solemn exordium for our brief
dominates the action throughout. But the book is discussion of Mr. Herrick's new novel, but the work
not all sombre, and many animated scenes relieve of this writer has a quality that suggests large ideas
the gloom which the hero generally contrives to and philosophical problems. In form, the novel is
bring with him. In fact, we are rather glad when essentially a biography of its hero during the years
he is in the background, although his character af that bring him to full manhood. We believe that
fords the raison d'être of the writer's scheme. His “Jock o' Dreams” was first thought of for a title,
sister Sararose, wayward and charming, is always which would have had the advantage of indicating
a welcome presence, and the serious young woman more clearly the personal character of the work.
who understands and almost loves him wins a high The hero is a youth who from his earliest years
place in our esteem. Also, and perhaps above all lives a life apart from its dull and vulgar environ-
the rest of its good qualities, the book is filled with ment, a youth beset by fancies, who slowly struggles
the spirit of the woods and the mountains, and upward to the light of self-consciousness and the
effectively preaches the Wordsworthian gospel upon knowledge of good and evil. He finds his real
every possible occasion.
world in the moment of victory over temptation
The tenth in this same “ American Novels Series" and the triumph of will over sensual impulse. The
is by Mr. Basil King, and its scriptural name is central
passage of the book is so fine that we must
“Let Not Man Put Asunder.” We surmise the
“Out of the shadows of things, out of
divorce problem from the mere sight of the title the broken ideals, the wooden dummies with which
page, but this hardly prepares us for the number he had labored so many years, a world seemed to
of unhappy marital combinations that appeal to us be born, a new world that was true to the touch,
for sympathy and judgment. To begin with, the where he could live and work untormented by
hero and heroine are married and divorced, to be shadows. He felt the eternal conviction of will,
reunited at the very end. Meanwhile, the heroine undebatable and undemonstrable the will that
has married another man, himself having a divorced shapes and makes; the will that creates the real
wife living at the time. When the latter dies, he from the unreal; the will that out of pain and labor
takes it so much to heart that he shoots himself, gives peace !” The real world is the world in
thus leaving the way clear for his second wife to which such abstractions as truth and justice and
return to her first husband. Meanwhile, the hero's righteous living are seen to be the only things that
sister has got a divorce from her English husband, are truly concrete, and each of us may, by a resolute
and the latter straightway marries another Amer. exercise of the will, recreate this world for himself.
ican girl, herself the child of parents divorced There is a quite different sort of realism also to be
early, and remarried late in life. Here is a coil found in Mr. Herrick's novel — the sort of literary
quote it.
92


20
[Jan. 1,
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realism of which Mr. Howells is the typical ex Mr. Jeremiah Curtin has set out to make the
emplar. Some of the earlier chapters might almost American public acquainted with a new Polish
be taken for the work of Mr. Howells, were it not novelist, Mrs. Eliza Orzeszko, whom he calls “ the
for their lack of gentle humor and genial philos- greatest female writer and thinker in the Slav
ophy. Mr. Herrick's philosophy is austere rather world at present.” This claim is a safe one, as far
than genial, and a somewhat deadly seriousness as the average reader is concerned, who is probably
takes the place of humor. This we take to be a unacquainted with the work of any other woman
defect, as well as the fact that it is rare for one of writer of Russia, Poland, or Bohemia. Without
his characters to impress us as a person of strong venturing to subscribe to Mr. Cartin's comparative
vitality. In a word, Mr. Herrick's work thus far dictum, we may at least say that “ The Argonauts,”
seems to us over-intellectualized a good fault, which he bas chosen out of some forty volumes to
considering what most novelists expect us to put up represent the work of this accomplished woman, is
with, yet none the less a fault of balance and of a novel well worth reading, and unexpectedly strong
sympathy
in its portrayal of character. The Argonauts are
The unexplored regions about the poles constitute the seekers for the golden fleece, and in our modern
about the only part of the earth's surface that may world they are called money kings and captains of
now be exploited by romancers who wish to be ab industry. These titles are fairly descriptive of
solutely untrammeled by actual fact. Central | Mrs. Orzeszko’s Darvid, who is the central figure
Australia, the Gobi desert, and the land of King in her work.
in her work. He is a man of iron will, command-
Solomon's mines might properly be put to such use ing personality, and an extraordinary genius for
a few years ago, but exploration has now left little the solution of business problems. These qualities
to discover anywhere short of the polar circles. have made him enormously wealthy, but in the
Both of the poles have recently been chosen for the process of acquiring fortune, he has neglected his
purposes of romantic fiction, the North Pole by Mr. human duties as husband and father, and in the end
Robert Ames Bennet, and the South Pole by Mr. this neglect recoils upon him, to the undoing of all
Albert Bigelow Paine. Mr. Bennet's book is called his happiness. His suicide is the strictly logical
“ Thyra, a Romance of the Polar Pit.” The hero outcome of such an existence; it takes the world
gets there in a balloon, and finds a race of hardy by surprise, for he is at the height of his success,
Norsemen, the descendants of a daring viking leader but the reader, who is shown what the world does
who, a thousand years ago, found his way through not see, understands what it means to be brought
the icy barrier of the North. By a strange chance, face to face with the grim fact that life has been a
a fragment of the Gospels, translated into Old failure in all its highest and holiest obligations.
Norse, also found its way to the pole, and so we “ The Argonauts” is a book that strikes no un-
are confronted with the strange spectacle of a com certain ethical note, and reveals a virile intellectual
munity, essentially heathen in tradition, yet having endowment on the part of the writer.
a polity based upon the Sermon on the Mount. Another of the stronger women novelists of
The adventures of the hero and his companions are Europe is the Neapolitan Signora Serao, who is
very surprising indeed. There is a love story, of already fairly well known to our public. A recent
course, with Thyra for its polar heroine. The translation gives us in a single volume the two
narrative has no style worth speaking of.
stories, or novelettes, called “ The Ballet Dancer"
Mr. Paine's “Great White Way,” which is "a and “On Guard.” While we have frequently ex-
tale of the deepest South,” also has little to boast pressed admiration for the longer novels of this
of in the way of literary art, but it presents a fairly writer, we have felt that they were somewhat over-
thrilling series of happenings. For the Antarctic loaded, and that their excessive realism of the Zola
region also proves to be inhabited by a strange type was a hindrance to their full effectiveness.
isolated people, to which the explorers find their From these two briefer studies we get a finer sense
way by means of yacht and balloon. This folk is of the writer's powers, and a far greater artistic
characterized by the power of thought-transference, satisfaction than we got, for example, from “ The
which obviates the grosser necessity of speech. Land of Cockayne." There is little here that is
(We recall a use of the same idea in an Antarctic superfluous; the presentation is vivid, the psychol-
romance published about twelve years ago.) The ogy bears the stamp of truth, and the pathos is
greater part of the story is occupied with the process made the more moving from the very restraint
of reaching the pole, and this is really the best of used in its exhibition.
the book, for the languid race who are discovered Two Russian novelists of force and originality
at the end of the journey are not of exciting in have just been introduced to the English public.
terest. The jocular millionaire who carries out the Mr. Dmitri Mérejkowski is the author of an am-
expedition provides the book with an element of bitious trilogy in which he seeks to portray the
farce-comedy, but his cheap witticisms grow mo conflict between Paganism and Christianity, not
notonous after a time. The love situation, in this only in the ancient world, when these two gigantic
case, is created within the limits of the exploring forces literally clashed, but also in the modern
party, and thus dispenses with an analogue of Mr. world, which still finds the two terms typical of
Bennet's Arctic heroine.
conflicting elements in human nature. According
i ii


1902.]
21
THE DIAL
to the author's view, both these elements are legiti- uine satisfaction, or that proclaims its writer in
mate and sacred, and he seems to foresee, as a some sense the compatriot of Tourguénieff. Most
sequel to our present civilization, which treats Pa of these pieces, in fact, are not stories at all, but
ganism and Christianity as opposing influences, a realistic sketches of life, portrayals of mood, and
future civilization which shall reconcile the two in psychological revelations.
a single harmonious synthesis. The first section Herr Drachmann's “Nanna,” published in the
of this trilogy is called " The Death of the Gods," popular series of “ Tales from Foreign Lands,” is
and has for its subject the career of the Emperor a translation of the book called “A Paul and Vir.
Julian. One can hardly miss the essential similarity ginia of a Northern Zone." It is one of the earlier
between Mr. Mérejkowski's romantic treatment of and slighter works of the versatile Danish novelist
the great Apostate and the dramatic treatment and poet, but is nevertheless a charming idyl of
given it by Dr. Ibsen, in his wonderful “Emperor sea-coast life. As the only one of Herr Drach-
and Galilæan.” In both cases, there is the same mann's books thus far turned into our language it
broad sympathy with the ideals of the hero, the deserves a cordial welcome, and all the more 80
same recognition of the hopelessness of his effort, because of the exceptional grace and finish of the
and the same prophetic vision of a time when the English in which it is reproduced.
old opposition shall no longer divide men from men,
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
and even array the soul of the individual against
itself. Certainly, Dr. Ibsen's vision of the “third
kingdom” is at one with the vision of the author
of this romance. We shall await with much in-
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
terest the two remaining works, in which Leonardo
da Vinci and Peter the Great are to be the central
There was a time when it seemed
A Borgia
figures. Meanwhile, we may say of the present
the tendency of historical investiga-
defense.
work that it is extraordinarily brilliant in its col-
tion to belittle the beroes of a past
oring, and successfully combines a truly vital in generation. Either we are having the inevitable
terest with the truthfulness of scholarship.
reaction, or the modern demand for novelty has
The career of “ Maxim Gorky," whose real name caused the discovery of a more productive field in
is Alexei Maximopitch Pyeshkoff, has been varied the glossing of characters reputedly debased. What-
and picturesque. Apprenticed to one trade after ever the cause, the student of to-day apparently
another, he soon tired of them all, finding a vagrant delights in ferreting out undreamed-of virtues and
life much more to his taste. He became a cook's various condoning attainments in the bad men of
boy on a Volga steamer, a laborer in a bakery, an history. Mr. Frederick Baron Corvo has capped
apple-peddler, a dock hand, a porter, and a railway the climax in his “Chronicles of the House of Bor-
watchman. He has thus seen much of life in its gia" (Dutton). The author has unquestionably
humble aspects and on its seamy side, for his career delved deep into the literature, and in particular
also includes several terms of imprisonment. He into the church literature, of the Borgian period,
was an enthusiastic reader of all sorts of books from and presents his gleanings in a fashion so uncon-
childhood, and began his literary career by writing ventional as to add greatly to whatever interest
sketches and stories for the newspapers. Recog may be felt in the subject itself. Moreover, the
nition was promptly accorded to his literary work, reader who has the courage to accustom himself to
and now, at the age of thirty-two, he has become the author's amusing yet distracting use of capitals
one of the most famous of living Russian writers. and full titles, will find in the English employed
His “ Foma Gordyéeff,” now translated by Miss sufficient entertainment for the time spent in pe-
Hapgood, is a very disagreeable book, yet a book rusal. Either Mr. Corvo is a great master of the
that holds the attention by its extraordinary power English language and disdains to use
of vivid portraiture, both of the minds and the words, or he is a distinguished example of the dic-
bodies of its characters. We
e get very near to tionary-taught foreigner. His method of treatment
primitive man in these pages, where the brutish in is as unique as is the language employed; pro-
stincts of mere animalism find full play. This is fessedly scorning a systematic arrangement of ma-
relieved by an occasional touch of poetry or of terial, he skips from one topic to another with a
mystical exaltation, but the sum total of the im suddenness that perplexes, yet attracts by its very
pression is not far from disgusting.
freedom from restraint. It becomes an interesting
In “Orloff and his Wife," which is a collection of study to guess where he is likely to touch next. As
Maxim Gorky's short stories (“ Tales of the Bare for the subject matter of the book, the defense of
foot Brigade"), we have evidence of the author's the Borgias becomes an exceedingly easy task by
versatility, although the types with which he is wont the methods used. Mr. Corvo first postulates the
to deal are generally taken from the lower ranks immorality of the times, and so excuses his heroes
of life. One exception is offered by the story of as simply representatives of their period. This suf-
“Varenka Olesoff,” which is concerned with char fices for the undeniable looseness of life displayed by
acters of education and breeding. It is the only Cæsar Borgia, and by Alexander VI. before he was
story in the collection that we have read with gen elevated to the Papacy. The historic crimes attrib-
common


22
[Jan. 1,
THE DIAL
uted to these personages the author denies alto British contempt, and an open disregard was shown
gether, basing his arguments on the non-credibility of anything like a desire for a permanent alliance of
of the written accounts upon which historians have interests between the two nationalities. The letters
depended.
These are not credible, he states, be are valuable as describing in some detail the sowing
cause produced either by confessed enemies of the of the crop of dragon's teeth which Mr. Fitzgibbon
Borgias, or by mere writers of the tittle-tattle gossip of the Imperial Yeomanry assisted in reaping.
of the age ; and in either one of these categories all
written documents on the subject are placed. The
Mr. Augustine Birrell, Queen's Coun-
treatment throughout is that of an argumentative from Mr. Birrell.
A welcome volume sel and Member of Parliament, has
partizan. Hence, the book is not scholarly, and is
a clientage and constituency far be-
not convincing; but it is interesting, and as a beau- yond legal and political limits ; by the members of
tiful example of the printer's art it will attract in which his reports are received and approved, and
stant attention.
though “laid on the table,” are taken from it again
and again. His estimates of books and men fairly
“ Ex Africa semper aliquid novi,” deserve their vogue; their frank personal note is
Lights, new and old, quotes Mr. Maurice Fitzgibbon in not touched with conceit, and they help intelligent
on South Africa.
bis “ Arts under Arms, an University readers to an intelligent interest and some measure
Man in Khaki” (Longmans); but there is little of knowledge of the subjects treated. Ten of his
new to be expected of a book that is largely given recent “Essays and Addresses” have been gath-
up to "explaining " why the Thirteenth Battalion
ered into a neat little volume (Scribner), uniform
of Imperial Yeomanry was captured by Christian
with his "Obiter Dicta" and "Res Judicatæ"; and
de Wet recently. This note of explanations that those who enjoy Mr. Birrell's felicitous style and
do not explain has been dominant in the news from
shrewd though good-natured satire will welcome this
the dark continent from the beginning of the war, addition to the list of his books. Six of the articles
and it seems to be still in fashion. Mr. Fitzgibbon (those on Wesley, Froude, Taste in Books, the
had an appointment in Dublin University when the
House of Commons, the Reformation, and Sir Rob-
call came for Imperial Yeomanry. Under the
ert Peel) have already appeared in various period-
terms of enlistment, he furnished his own horse and
icals; the other four (on the Christian Evidences,
most of his equipment, and was to be paid a few the Ideal University, Walter Bagehot, and Robert
pence a week. Then he went forth to do or die.
Browning) are now published for the first time.
De Wet saved him the alternative. Having medical The fact that some of these were addresses deliv-
knowledge, he was placed in charge of the health
“occasions” may account for their slight-
of a number of his fellow-prisoners, who had broken
ness of structure and lightness of treatment (e. g.,
down on the march to Pretoria from Lindley in the address on the Ideal University); the same fact
the Orange Free State. He remained at Reitz, as
does not prevent the paper on Walter Bagebot from
chief of the temporary hospital there, until Ian
being a sympathetic and even profound study of
Hamilton's column released him. His experiences one of the most remarkable writers and thinkers of
were not unpleasant - apart from the humiliating
- apart from the humiliating the nineteenth century. Of the Christian Evidences,
fact of his capture; and he returned to Ireland, Mr. Birrell writes with alertness though not with
after seven months of military life, with his desire
flippancy, tracing the history of religious polemics
for gore quite abated. The book is as cheerfully
The book is as cheerfully in England, and noting one great change in the
written as could be expected, and will be useful to
growing disposition to approach the central dogmas
some future apologist for England. - Far more of Christianity by the avenues of Ritual. . . . At-
novel is the fact elucidated in “ South Africa
mosphere is a great word just now. To deny the
Century Ago” (Dodd, Mead & Co.) that the Lady existence of atmosphere in the realm of thought is,
Anne Lindsay, who wrote that delightful ballad of in my opinion, proof of blunted susceptibilities.”
“Auld Robin Gray,” was married to Andrew And Mr. Birrell concludes that “We seem to be
Barnard, and that he was appointed the first secre approaching a time in England when sceptics and
tary of the Cape Colony, by Lord Melville, through divines may shake limp hands. The divine need
his wife's influence. Lady Anne kept up a brisk no longer assert that he can compel belief or prove
correspondence with her old friend, Lord Melville, anything, except, experimentally, upon the sad
during her stay at the Cape, from July, 1797, to heart of man; whilst the sceptic may as well at
once admit that he has disproved nothing.'
the present volume, with an introductory memoir
by Mr. W. H. Wilkins, M.A., F.S.A. The letters
In spite of much magazine literature
are charming, so far as their style is concerned :
in which the Indian and the army
the sprightly correspondence of a witty woman of
post of the Southwest fill a large
the world. From them it may be deduced that place, and of ponderous tomes in which the reports
Great Britain lost no time in beginning the series of government surveys bave appeared, the desert
of errors which still characterize her South African our own great desert of the Southwest - is prac-
policy. The Dutch were antagonized, their prej tically a terra incognita to the American public.
udices ignored, themselves made the objects of In Professor John C. Van Dyke we have at last
ered on
February, 1801; and these letters are used to make or
In the
Western
wastes.


1902.)
23
THE DIAL
-
Music:
its nature
and ils masters.
a pathfinder through these wastes who does not pin of the Renaissance, not in their relation to any
Nature to a board and chart her beauties with narrow phase of the “woman question,” but as all-
square and compasses, but portrays her glory, her around beings who have husbands, children, homes,
grandeur, and her mystery with an artist's appre and social graces, as well as political possibilities.
ciation of color and form and with a Nature-lover's How true a perspective she gains by such a treat-
enthusiasm for this somewhat novel and unusual ment, is made evident by her closing chapter on the
part of the out-of-door world. His book, “ The present day Woman's Club. A more just and
Desert” (Scribner), is not a work of travel, nor is wholesome estimate than this of the gains and losses
it an artist's diary of two years' enforced sojourn of the modern woman, it would be difficult to find.
in the desert. It is better described by the sub But with all her scholarliness and wisdom, the
title, “Studies in Natural Appearances," and is a author does not forget that “it is necessary also to
very comprehensive discussion of the arid world in please.” Her writing is never heavy, and her wit
all its aspects, though never technical and always is often deliciously caustic. Her sense of selection
full of life and interest. First impressions of the is unerring, and saves her work from being crowded
desert landscape, the make of the desert, the in. and encyclopædic. The club woman who has a
cessant strife of contending forces and the inevitable paper to write may think the chapters discursive,
triumph of silence and desolation, are all portrayed
and the historic thread of “ this from that " too
with skill and power. The mirage, the desert sky slightly traced. Bat he who reads for enjoyment
and clouds, and the wonderful color effects, are will find ample amends in the delicately appreciative
described and critically analyzed from the artist's pictures of the women of the past, and the pungent
point of view, while the scientific explanation of comments on the times in which they lived.
the phenomena is given in untechnical language.
The writer is also a naturalist of very
keen
In “ Music and Its Masters ” (Lip-
powers
of observation. The struggle for life is here at its
pincott), Mr. O. B. Boise, a musician
keenest; sharp and thorny, lean and gaunt, swift
of international reputation, has en-
and fierce, are the favorite adjectives. The Painted
deavored, through showing the true nature of music
Desert, the Grand Canyon, the mesas and foothills
and the conditions that are essential to its growth
of Southern Arizona, and the mountain barriers of
in breadth and significance, to incite amateurs to a
California, are described with equal charm. No more respectful consideration of its claims. All
less pleasing are the occasional glimpses of the
real students are familiar with the history of music,
author's personality which the reader catches from
from the first pan-pipe to the elaborate perfection
time to time in his soliloquies on art and nature,
of the modern orchestra ; so that this portion of
on life and destiny. The book will be a revelation his work, together with his treatise on the origin
to all who have seen Arizona and Sonora, as well
of music and the character of its action on intellect
as to many who have not seen them; and it should and emotion — favorite themes with esthetic phil.
be in the travelling-bag of every transcontinental osophers, are superfluous. His discussions on
tourist by Central and Southwestern routes.
musical compositions, from Polestuna to the present
day, are more a propos ; and in his critical analysis
The volume on “ Woman in the of the works of the great musicians he is particu.
Woman in the
Golden Ages ” (Century Co.), which larly successful in showing the special intention
Golden Ages.
the author, Mrs. Amelia Gere Ma of each master, the individuality, and, where pos-
son, says has come as a “ labor of love ” from her sible, the underlying purpose of his art. It is not
pen, is one more witness to the beautiful workman-
hard to discern that the author is a keen Wag-
ship which love inspires. It is larger in scope than nerian, and consequently holds a high opinion of
her volume on “Women of the French Salons,” Brahms and Tchaikovsky. The earnest study of
but, like the earlier work, is scholarly enough to any branch of learning broadens the perceptions ;
be authoritative without being compendious enough and when Mr. Boise formulates his reasons, tersely
to be dull. How hard it must have been for a and precisely, for naming Bach, Beethoven, Schu-
modern woman to write of Sappho and the First mann, Schubert, Mendelssohn, and Wagner, as the
Woman's Club, and frankly to admit that the secre epoch-making musicians, we realize the true value
tary of that club did not engrave her minutes on of bis critical ability. The book is pervaded by
stone for the benefit of her nineteenth-century an enthusiasm which gives a peculiar zest to its
sisters! Or to enter in imagination the First Salon, critical portions; it is not technical in the ordinary
held by Aspasia in the house of Pericles, and not acceptation of the term, although the mention of
add to her page a fanciful line which might be mis certain fundamental principles was necessary in
taken for history! Yet Mrs. Mason has done all forming a basis for the author's æsthetic theories.
this. She says unmistakably, “So much we know;
the rest we can only guess. To this wisdom of
The Very Rev. Cyrus Townsend
keeping her historical conscience clear, she has
Brady seems to have abandoned,
added that of choosing a sensible point of view.
temporarily at least, the preaching
She discusses the women of the early and the later of the gospel of the Prince of Peace, and to have
ages of Greece and Rome, of the early Church, and set about preaching the gospel of war in all its
Colonial wars
and warriors.


24
[Jan. 1,
THE DIAL
a
cheerful and seemly details. “Colonial Fights and actually recorded facts of those records is every-
Fighters ” (McClure, Phillips & Co.) is his latest where in evidence, unless we should except his
contribution to the literature of gore,— the successor method of dealing with the records of the earlier
in publication, though the predecessor in historical books of the Old Testament. Theories seem largely
time, of his “ American Fights and Fighters.” to have dominated much that he has to say on the
His point of view is admirably set forth in the ad statements recorded in the Hexateuch. But the
jectives with which he decorates his dramatis per book does a valuable service in collecting and
sone, thus : “ The proud, cruel, domineering, in arranging material otherwise found only in scores
domitable Spaniard "'; “the gay, debonair, dashing, of works. The Bibliography of the subject and
brilliant Frenchman"; "the mercile88, rapacious, the chronological tables are especially serviceable
lustful, yet courageous Buccaneer"; "the base, for students who are entering upon the study of
brutal, bloodthirsty Pirate"; "the plamed and those early times. Index and maps also add no
painted Savage with his fearful war-cry, his stoic small part to the completeness of this volume-
endurance, his subtle strategy"; "the cool, stub useful handbook for every student of the ancient
born, persistent, persevering, heroic Englishman"; Oriental world.
and “the hardy Colonist, adding to his old-world
stock the virtues generated by the new life in a new
When Mr. H. G. Hutchinson in his
The borders
land.” These phrases seem to indicate a certain
work on “ Dreams and their Mean-
of dreamland.
lack of the humorous sense in the reverend author:
ing8” (Longmans) tells the reader
that he introduced a sketch of what science has to
what a re-arrangement of epithets there would be,
for example, if the painted Savage were permitted
say about dreams so as to “bring the reader up
to put in print his impressions of the heroic En (or down) to that equal state of ignorance with the
This is an
glishman and the hardy Colonist! Unquestionably writer,” he disarms all criticism.
the book is interesting — just as the apples were to
avowedly popular book, is agreeably written, and
our first parents in the Garden. So was its com-
in large measure is a contribution to the anthro-
panion volume on “American Fights and Fighters,"
pology of dreams. There is, too, an entertaining
and so will be the volume newly announced on
discussion of the dreams that are of most frequent
“ Pioneer Fights and Fighters." But there will be
occurrence, upon which the author has collected
the feeling in certain quarters that the books will
quite a fund of material. The dreams of falling,
be read, not for the excellence of the cause for
of flying, of appearing in society with a shocking
which the fighting was done, for there seems to
paucity of garments, of being pursued by a bogey,
have been just as many fighting against the cause
or even of dying and holding a post-mortem exam-
as for it, — but for the fighting itself; and if this
ination of oneself,—these all occur and are variously
is what Christianity is coming to mean in the
presented from the answers of correspondents.
twentieth century, the less we have of it from the
Upon this follow two rather dreary and inconse-
clergy the better. Quis custodiet custodies? Who
quential chapters from the material furnished by the
will pacify the peacemakers?
Society for Psychical Research as to telepathic and
premonitory dreamg. The whole volume thus does
Syria and There was no portion of the ancient nothing more than loiter agreeably in the outskirts
Palestine in Eastern world that was
80 often
of an interesting region. It is a traveller's account
early times.
overrun by invading armies as the of a country, lightly and agreeably presented ; not
eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. Its loca a student's report upon the fauna and flora. Taken
tion between the great powers of Asia and Egypt at its proper standard, it forms as agreeable an in-
made it of peculiar importance. Professor L. B. troduction to this aspect of dreamland as may easily
Paton's “Early History of Syria and Palestine" be found; but whether it is a good or desirable side
(Scribner) is a collection and presentation of the is another question. For people who like this sort
main facts found in the literatures of ancient oriental of book, this book may be recommended as the sort
peoples touching this small section of country. The they are likely to enjoy.
whole stretch of time covered extends from the
earliest traditions and records of the population of
Mrs. Burton Kingsland's “Etiquette
A handbook
those lands down to the fall of Babylon in 538 B.C. of politeness
for All Occasions" (Doubleday,
This period is broken into thirteen chapters. Some
for Americans.
Page & Co.) errs in a title that is
of those preceding the settlement of the Hebrews too inclusive. The author is concerned only with
in Palestine are “ The Earliest Inbabitants," " The a single class — that comprised in what is known
Old Babylonian Supremacy,” “The Amoritic Mi as “polite society,” — and only with making those
gration," “ The Rule of the City of Babylon,” in this class as polite as possible. Now there are
“The Canaanitic Migration," “ The Egyptian Su occasions in life which have little or nothing to do
premacy,” and “The Rise of the Aramæan Nations." with polite society as such, and there are other oc-
In the treatment of each of these chapters, the casions in which it seems to be necessary to be im-
author has either consulted the sources themselves, polite; and these Mrs. Kingsland leaves quite alone.
or specialists who deal directly with the ancient It was Sidney Smith, if recollection serves aright,
records. His scrupulous care in dealing with the who remarked that the memory of social obliquities


1902.]
25
THE DIAL
99
as a builder
persisted when that of sins failed ; and in a society of Mr. Gardiner ; though the plea is not combatted,
80 plastic as that in America, the need for instruc for it had not arisen at the time the book was writ-
tion among those who are going up the social ten. It is likely indeed that in the recent Crom-
ladder is doubtless great. For these, such books well revival a greater prescience has been credited
as this are written. Nothing is said, however, to him than he was rightly entitled to; and in this
about such methods of climbing as involve the snub- respect an acquaintance with Mr. Gardiner's simple,
bing of those outstripped in the ascent, or the con honest, and God-fearing hero will well serve to
ciliation of those above; nor are any provisions restore a just balance.
made for those who might like to climb down with
ease, if not with grace. What the book might con-
tain to advantage is a plain statement that the
practice of polite manners, as generally understood
BRIEFER MENTION.
in the United States, requires a certain endowment
of wealth,— social position of almost any sort being
For the curious, “ The Last Words of Distinguished
Men and Women” (Revell), compiled by Mr. Frederic
based upon expenditure more or less lavish. The
Rowland Marvin, will have a melancholy interest. The
book has a praiseworthy chapter on manners in the names of those whose death-bed reflections are here
older countries, France in particular, from which recorded are arranged in alphabetical order, and in
it may be learned that Americans at their politest most cases a few lines, sometimes a page or two, of bio-
have still a great deal to learn. Generally speaking, graphical comment are added. The compilation has
American etiquette might be discussed under two evidently been made with care, and in details of ty.
heads : When Does it Pay to be Polite ? and When
pography and printing the book is very satisfactory. A
Does it Pay to be Rude? Mr. Thorstein Veblen
wide range of names is covered in the three hundred
has cast much light on this alternative problem in
and more pages, and the volume should have some value
for reference.
his admirable “ Theory of the Leisure Class.”
Mr. John Burroughs has compiled for Messrs.
McClure, Phillips & Co. a selection of “Songs of Na-
Hamilton
The little volume on Alexander Ham.
ture” from English and American poetry. The volume
ilton, written by Mr. C. A. Conant
is a very personal one, being made up wholly of the
of the Republic. for the “Riverside Biographical things that the editor likes, rather than of the things
Series" (Houghton), is only an outline of the great generally approved. The introduction makes some
career of its subject, but it shows the skill of the pertinent observations, such as : “ The painted, padded,
trained student and writer in its clearness and pro-
and perfumed Nature of many of the younger poets I
cannot stand at all."
portion. Mr. Conant seems to be of the opinion
“When I find poppies blooming
that the form of our government, its successful
in the corn in an American poem, as I several times
bave done, I pass by on the other side."
establishment, and its later greatness, are due to
Hamilton more than to any other man.
A serious book, but one in which the subject is too
Wash-
comprehensively grasped to be devoid of humor, is Mrs.
ington and Jefferson and Marshall are made sec-
Heloise Edwina Hersey's “ To Girls : A Budget of
ondary in their direct influence toward these ends.
Letters” (Small, Maynard & Co.). The author's ex-
This impression may be due to the narrow limits tended experience as an educator enables her to speak
of the sketch, and the fault of making its subject with authority, and this same experience has given her
the centre of influence is partly inherent in histor that charity which does not fail because strenuous de-
ical biography; but the reader who is familiar with mands are made upon it. The lighter phases of life
our history can easily supply the other influences
are touched upon, as well as the great questions of all
that were working with Hamilton's, while the un-
ages — religion, wealth and its uses and abuses, health,
and a thousand things besides which may be read with
trained reader will get from the book what he
advantage by the sex to which the letters are not ad.
needs to fill out the common idea of our early
dressed as well. There is a notable absence of cant
national history.
throughout the book.
A brief
The bistory of Oliver Cromwell from
“The Laurel Song Book,” edited by Mr. W. L.
Tomlins for advanced school work and choral societies,
biography of a biographical point of view is pre-
Cromwell.
is published by Messrs. C. C. Birchard & Co., Boston.
sented by Messrs. Longmans, Green, The collection is noticeable for its large proportion of
& Co. in a new reprint of the earlier work by Mr.
compositions by recent writers, mostly Americans.
Samuel Rawson Gardiner. Though revised by the While the aim is laudable enough, while excellent things
author, little change has been made in the subject are written by modern composers, and while the taste
matter. The work has long been regarded as a
of Mr. Tomlins himself is nearly always true to a high
model in condensed biographical writing, and its
mark, yet we cannot but feel that young people should
appearance at a moderate price will certainly be wel-
be occupied chiefly with songs that have an unquestioned
comed. Mr. Gardiner's Cromwell differs from the
place in the history of culture, rather than with recent
more modern Cromwell in that greater stress is laid
compositions, no matter how meritorious. The songs
we learn in childhood remain with us for life, and it
upon the earlier and military period of his life, and
means a great deal to go through life with the immortal
less upon his acts as a ruler of England. Present-
melodies ringing in our ears. Nothing should be al-
day criticism attributes to Cromwell a great genius lowed to divert the teacher of singing from this con-
in constructive statesmanship. This is not the view ception of his primary obligation.


26
[Jan. 1,
THE DIAL
Mr. E. F. Harkins is the author of a series of “ Little
NOTES.
Pilgrimages among the Men Who Have Written Fa-
“ Deutsche Sagen,” by Miss Franciska Geibler, is an
mous Books." There are a score of sketches, all of
living American authors, and nearly all accompanied
elementary reading book in German, based upon le-
gendary material, and published by Messrs. Longmans,
by portraits. The writing is agreeably cbatty and an-
ecdotical, and the portraits are excellent. Messrs.
Green, & Co.
L. C. Page & Co. are the publishers.
A new edition of Dr. George Willis Botsford's
History of Greece for High Schools and Academies,"
Several years ago, Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co. re-
first published three years ago, is now sent out by the
printed Mrs. Trollope's famous book on the “Domestic
Manners of the Americans." The book still seems to
Macmillan Co.
be in demand, for we now have a new edition, two vol-
Saint Teresa's “ The Way of Perfection” forms the
umes in one, with the interesting if libellous original
second volume in the recently-inaugurated “ Cloister
illustrations, and Professor H. T. Peck's words of in-
Library,” edited by Mr. A. R. Waller, and published
troduction to the modern reader.
under the Dent-Macmillan imprint.
A quarto volume in the astronomical series of publi-
“ A Critical History of Opera," by Mr. Arthur Elson,
cations of the University of Pennsylvania gives no less
a son of the veteran Boston critic, is a useful little book,
than nine hundred measures of double stars, made by
provided with many portrait and scenic illustrations,
Mr. Eric Doolittle with the eighteen-inch refractor of
just published by Messrs. L. C. Page & Co.
the Flower Observatory. The stars measured have
The two-act comedy “Zaragüeta," by Señor Miguel
been selected from Mr. S. W. Burnham's lists, and the
Ramos Carrión y Vital Aza, bas been edited, with notes
results have been critically examined by that veteran
and vocabulary, by Professor George C. Howland, and observer.
is published by Messrs. Silver, Burdett & Co.
The “Outlines of Political Science," by Messrs.
The late Dr. Buchheim's school edition of Goethe's
George Gunton and Hayes Robbins, may be used as a
“ Hermann und Dorothea,” with an introduction by
text-book, and will also be found readable by others
Professor Edward Dowden, has just been published by than schoolboys. Professor Gunton's protectionism is
Mr. Henry Frowde for the Oxford Clarendon Press.
still in evidence, but time seems to have mellowed its
A new volume in the “Temple Classics for Young vigor, and it now approaches more closely to a rational
People” (Dent-Macmillan) is a collection of “Stories
view of the subject. The publishers are Messrs. D.
from Le Morte Darthur and the Mabinogion" by Miss Appleton & Co.
Beatrice Clay, with a colored frontispiece and other Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons are the publishers of a
illustrations by Mr. C. E. Hugbes.
new edition of Prince Peter Kropotkin's “ Fields, Fac-
Messrs. Silver, Burdett & Co. publish “A Graded tories, and Workshops." This extremely interesting
List of Poems and Stories for Use in Schools,” prepared and valuable work, first published in 1898, deserves to
by Mr. Charles B. Gilbert and Miss Ada Van Stone be widely read, and the present low-priced edition
Harris. The classification is by grades, and covers the should reach a wide circle of students and other per-
eight years of the ordinary elementary school.
sons in search of economic facts as distinguished from
A new edition in three volumes of “Chambers's Cy economic fancies.
clopædia of English Literature" is now in course of “ The Faculty Corner" is the title of an unpretentious
publication by the J. B. Lippincott Co. The work bas
volume which comes to us from Iowa College, and its
been greatly extended, and to a considerable extent re-
contents consist of various papers contributed by mem-
constructed and rewritten.
bers of the teaching staff to a college publication. They
The Messrs. Scribner import an edition of “The include such subjects as “ Education according to Na-
Poems of John Milton," printed on very thin paper, ture," “ Notes on the Modern Drama," “ The Song
and tastefully bound in limp leather. Although the Spirit among the Greeks,” “Some Experiences in Prac-
type is fairly large, and readily readable, the volume
tical Politics,” « The Bible in Chaucer,” and “ The Study
is of such dimensions as easily to slip into the pocket. of Society."
Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. are the publishers of Mr. Elijah Clarence Hills, whose name has a strange
Schiller's “ Die Braut von Messina," edited by Professors look upon a title-page where all else is Spanish, has
A. H. Palmer and J. G. Eldridge, and of Goethe's edited a volume of selections from the Cuban poets of
“ Reineke Fuchs” (the first five cantos), edited by the nineteenth century. These “ Bardos Cubanos" are
Mr. L. A. Holman. Kaulbach's illustrations add not a
seven in number, and their names are Heredia, “ Pla-
little to the attractiveness of the latter volume.
cido," Avellaneda, Milanes, Mendive, Luaces, and Lonea.
The issue of “Life” for December 26 constitutes its Each is represented by a number of examples, and pro-
one thousandth number, and pleasantly bespeaks the vided with a brief sketch of his life. The book is pub-
permanence and prosperity of this sprightly publication. lished in Boston, “ EE. UU.," by Messrs. D. C. Heath
“ Life" is something more than the best of our humor. & Co.
ous weeklies; on its serious side it is as fearless a power For the reader who wishes to take a rapid but intel-
for truth and right thinking as we have in the periodical | ligent survey of the French literature of recent years
world today.
we can cordially recommend M. Georges Pellissier's
The next publication to be issued by Mr. Clarke “Le Mouvement Littéraire Contemporain” (Paris:
Conwell at the Elston Press will be « The Art and Craft Plon). This work covers the last quarter of the nine-
of Printing" by William Morris. This work will pre teenth century, and discusses in succession the five lit-
sent, for the first time, a complete record of Morris's erary species of fiction, the drama, poetry, criticism,
written and spoken words concerning his views on print and bistory. It is an admirable book, written from the
ing and his work at the Kelmscott Press. The edition standpoint of the evolutionist critic, sane in its judg-
is limited to 300 copies.
ments, and brilliant in their setting-forth. The student


1902.)
27
THE DIAL
of French literature will find it particularly useful for Electric Locomotion, High-Speed. T. C. Martin. Rev. of Rev.
orientation in the regions of recent poetry and the Electric Transit in London and Paris. I. N. Ford. Century.
drama, which, even more than the others, need just
Engineering Institutions, Military Duty of. Forum.
such a survey as is given them in this satisfactory study.
England, Americanization of. Earl Mayo. Forum.
An excellent book for children to read in connection
English Statesmen and Rulers. G. W. Smalley. McClure.
English, The Question of. Alice A. Stevens. Harper.
with their school texts is the volume of “Stories from
Filipino Views of American Rule. North American.
English History," which bas been edited by Mr. Henry Filth Theory of Disease, End of. C. V. Chapin, Pop. Sci.
P. Warren from some unnamed English source, and is Geography in Elementary Schools. W. T. Harris. Forum.
now published by Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co. The Geometry, Fairyland of. Simon Newcomb. Harper.
stories are very brief, very numerous, and very simply
Girlhood, Evolution of. Henry T. Finck. Harper.
told. The pictorial features of the book, although of
Good Roads Movement. Martin Dodge. Review of Reviews.
Howells as a Critic. Brander Matthews. Forum.
a sort frowned upon by severe educational theorists,
Human Breod, Possible Improvement of. F. Galton. Pop. Sci.
will doubtless be welcome to the childish reader.
Huxley as a Literary Man. J. E. Routh, Jr. Century.
“ Bell's Miniature Series of Painters” is the latest Inter-State Commerce Commission, Powers of. No. American,
enterprise of the English art-publishers, Messrs. George Ireland's Industrial Revival. M. J. Magee. No. American.
Bell & Sons (New York : The Macmillan Co.). Mr. Irrigation Legislation, Problems of. Elwood Mead. Forum.
George C. Williamson is the editor of the series, which Isthmian Canal, The. E. R. Johnson. Review of Reviews.
aims to help the beginner in art to a right understanding
John Brown's Raid, A School-girl's Recollection of. Harper.
of the world's greatest painters. In the three volumes
Justice, Mystery of. M. Maeterlinck. North American,
Labor, Consolidated. Carroll D. Wright. North American.
so far issued Mr. Williamson treats of Velazquez and
Lamarck. W. H. Dall. Popular Science.
Fra Angelico, and Mr. Malcolm Bell of Burne-Jones.
London and New York. Sidney Brooks. Harper.
The volumes are daintily printed and bound, and pro Metropolitan Museum Pictures. Charles H. Caffin. Harper.
vided with numerous excellent illustrations.
Mexico, New Era in. Paul S. Reinsch. Forum.
Dante's “ Purgatorio" is now issued in the “ Temple Military Parades. D. B. Macgowan. Scribner.
Classics " series (Dent-Macmillan), uniform with the
Minnesota Seaside Station. Conway MacMillan. Pop. Sci.
“ Inferno” and « Paradiso" already published, thus
Music of Shakspere's Times. Sidney Lanier. Lippincott.
New Year's Day 20 Years Ago. C. B. Loomis. Century.
completing this admirable edition of the “Commedia.”
Nobel Prizes and their Founder. Review of Reviews.
The translation, printed on alternate pages with the
North-folk Legends of the Sea. Howard Pyle. Harper.
Italian text, is in this case entirely new, and is the work Parma. Edith Wharton. Scribner.
of Mr. Thomas Okey, translator of Mazzini's “ Essays Philippines and Our Military Power. J. F. Shafroth. Forum.
and joint author (with Mr. Bolton King) of a recently- Play, Educational Value of. J. E. Bradley. Rev. of Revs.
published volume on “ Italy To-day." The Arguments Pope, Passing of the. Mrs. Belloc-Lowndes. Lippincott.
and other editorial matter are supplied by the Rev.
Pyramid, The Great American. H. I. Smith. Harper.
Philip H. Wicksteed.
Pyramid, The Great. Cleveland Moffett. McClure.
Roads in the West, Burnt Clay for. Review of Reviews.
Mr. Andrew Lang's “ Alfred Tennyson " (Dodd) is Russian Debt, The. A. Raffalovich. North American.
a volume in the “Modern English Writers" series,
Scientific World, America's Inferior Place in. No. American.
which already comprises an Arnold, a Ruskin, and a Sugar Question in Europe. Yves Guyot. North American.
Stevenson. It is just such a book as we should expect Tariff Legislation, Rake's Progress in. J. Schoenbof. Forum.
from Mr. Lang upon the subject, wise and witty, un Telegraph Talk and Talkers. L. C. Hall. McClure.
expectedly allusive, temperate in its judgments yet
Temperature, Low, Experiments in. H. S. Williams. Harper.
warmly sympathetic with the genius of the poet. Con-
Tenement Settlement, A. Emma W. Rogers. Rev. of Revs.
sidered as sober criticism, it is a book of fine insight
Thackeray's Second Visit to U.S. J. G. Wilson. Century.
Treaty-Making Powers of the Senate. H. C. Lodge. Scribner.
and thorough acquaintance with its subject. It is also
Verse, New Volumes of. W. D. Howells. North American.
a book that scintillates with epigrams, and reflects light Virgins, Some of Our Wise. Lillie H. French. Century.
from many strange sources. With all its seeming light West, Irrigation in the. W. E. Smythe. Review of Reviews.
ness of manner, it really outweighs almost any of the Western Emigration by Land. Emerson Hough. Century.
graver commentators.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
(The following list, containing 118 titles, includes books
received by The Dial since its last issue.]
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
January, 1902.
American Commerce with Europe. F. A. Vanderlip. Scrib.
Anglo-French-American Shore. P. T. McGrath. No. Amer.
Antarctic Exploration. J. W. Gregory. Popular Science.
Bacon, Friar Roger. E. S. Holden. Popular Science.
Bell Music. H. R. Haweis. Harper.
Berthelot, Nestor of Modern Chemistry. Review of Reviews.
Canada, Reciprocity with. John Charlton. Forum.
Census Office, Need of Permanent. W.R. Merriam. No. Am.
Charleston and her "West Indian Exposition." Rev. of Rev.
Chinese in America. Sunyowe Pang. Forum.
Comets' Tails, the Corona, and Aurora Borealis. Pop. Sci.
Commercial Expansion, Unrecognized Factor in our. N. Am.
Crockett, David. Cyrus T. Brady. McClure.
Cuba's Economic Distress. Josiah Quincy. No. American.
Cuba's Needs, Our Honor and. Marrion Wilcox, Forum.
Eclipses of Sun, Recent Total. S. I. Bailey. Popular Science.
Educational System, Our. W. De Witt Hyde. Forum.
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
The Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox, 1745–1826.
Edited by the Countess of Ilchester and Lord Stavordale.
In 2 vols., illus. in photogravure, large 8vo, gilt tops, uncut.
Charles Scribner's Song. $9. net.
Jane Austen: Her Homes and her Friends. By Constance
Hill. Illus. in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 279. John Lane. $6. net.
Eugene Field: A Study in Heredity and Contradictions.
By Slason Thompson. In 2 vols., illus. in photogravure,
etc., 12mo, gilt tops, uncut. Charles Scribner's Sons.
$3. net.
Life of Sir William Wilson Hunter, K.C.S.I., M.A.,
LL.D., a Vice-President of the Royal Asiatic Society, eto.
By Francis Henry Skrine, F.S.S. Illus. in photogravure,
etc., large 8vo, uncut, pp. 496. Longmans, Green, & Co.
$5.40 net.


28
(Jan. 1,
THE DIAL
.
pp. 400,
The Life and Works of Friedrich Schiller. By Calvin
Thomas. Illus. in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, gilt top,
pp. 481. Henry Holt & Co. $3.25 net.
The Life of Lord Russell of Killowen. By R. Barry
O'Brien. With photogravure portrait and facsimiles,
large 8vo, gilt top, pp. 405. Longmans, Groen, & Co.
$3.50.
William Hamilton Gibson: Artist - Naturalist - Author.
By John Coleman Adams. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 275. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2. net.
The Personality of Thoreau. By F. B. Sanborn. Illus.
in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, uncut, pp. 71. Boston:
Charles E. Goodspeed. $3. net.
The True Story of Captain John Smith. By Katharine
Pearson Woods. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 382.
Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.50 net.
Quintus Horatius Flaccus: A Brief Survey of his Life
and Writings. By Sidney G. Ashmore. With frontis-
piece, 24mo, pp. 48. New York: Grafton Press.
HISTORY.
Studies in History and Jurisprudence. By James Bryce,
D.C.L. 8vo, gilt top, pp. 926. Oxford University Press.
$3.50 net.
Time Table of Modern History, A.D. 400-1870. Compiled
and arranged by M. Morison. Oblong folio, pp. 175. Mac-
millan Co. $3.50 net.
The French People. By Arthur Hassall, M.A. 12mo,
“Great Peoples Series." D. Appleton & Co.
$1.50 net.
The Tale of the Great Mutiny. By W. H. Fitchett, B.A.
Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 384. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $1.50.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Shakespeare as a Dramatic Artist. With an Account of
his Reputation at Various Periods. By Thomas R. Loung-
bury, L.H.D. Large 8vo, pp. 449. Yale Bicentennial
Publications." Charles Scribner's Sons. $3. net.
India, Old and New. With a Memorial Address. By E.
Washburn Hopkins, M.A. Large 8vo, pp. 342. “Yale
Bicentennial Publications." Charles Scribner's Sons.
$2,50 net.
From Homer to Theocritus: A Manual of Greek Liter-
ature. By Edward Capps. Illus., 12mo, pp. 476. Charles
Scribner's Sons. $1.50 net.
Letters on Life. By Claudius Clear. 8vo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 277. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.75 net.
Songs of Nature. Edited by John Burroughs. With photo-
gravure portrait, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 359. MoClure,
Phillips & Co. $1.50.
Forty Modern Fables. By George Ade. 12mo, unout,
pp. 303. R. H. Russell. $1.50.
Mr. Dooley's Opinions. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 212. R. H.
Russell. $1.50.
The Simple Life. By Charles Wagner; trans. from the
French by Mary Louise Hendee; with Introduction and
Biographical Sketch by Grace King. 16mo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 193. McClure, Phillips & Co. $1.25.
A Medley Book. By George Frost. 12mo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 204. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.50.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
The Latin Quarter (“Scènes de la Vie de Bohème"). By
Henry Murger; trans. by Ellen Marriage and John
Selwyn; with Introduction by Arthur Symons. 12mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 402. “Masterpieces of Modern French
Fiction." Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.50.
Poems of John Milton. With photogravure frontispiece,
16mo, gilt top, pp. 526. Charles Scribner's Song. $1.20 net.
POETRY AND VERSE.
Mater Coronata: Recited at the Bicentennial Celebration
of Yale University, October 23, 1901. By Edmund Clarence
Stedman, L.H.D. Large 8vo, uncut. Houghton, Mifflin
& Co. $1. net.
With Lead and Line along Varying Shores : A Book of
Poems. By Charles Henry Webb (John Paul). 12mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 111. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.10 net.
Poems and Inscriptions. By Richard Watson Gilder.
16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 101. Century Co. $1. net.
Turquoise and Iron. By Lionel Josaphare. With portrait,
12mo, uncut, pp. 104. San Francisco: A. M. Robertson.
$1.20 net.
In Thompson's Woods. By Forrest Crissey. 12mo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 42. Chicago : Blue Sky Press.
California Violets: A Book of Verse. By Grace Hibbard.
18mo, uncut, pp. 113. San Francisco: A. M. Robertson.
$1. net.
King Arthur in Avalon, and Other Poems. By Sara Ham-
mond Palfrey. 8vo, uncut, pp. 191. Boston: W. B.
Clarke Co. Paper.
Old Times and New. By Sara Hammond Palfrey. Illus.,
16mo, pp. 49. Boston: W. B. Clarke Co. Paper.
FICTION
Under the Skylights. By Henry B. Fuller. 12mo, gilt top,
unout, pp. 382. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
The Velvet Glove. By Henry Seton Merriman. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 294. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50.
Luke Delmege. By Rev. P. A. Sheehan. 12mo, pp. 580.
Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.50.
In the Fog. By Richard Harding Davis ; illus. by T. M.
Pierce and F. D. Steele. 12mo, uncut, pp. 155. R. H.
Russell. $1.50.
While Charlie was Away. By Mrs. Poultney Bigelow.
12mo, gilt top, pp. 166. D. Appleton & Co. 75 cts.
Idyls of the Gass. By Martha Wolfenstein. 12mo, pp. 295.
Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society. $1.25.
Esther Mather: A Romance. By Emma Louise Orcutt.
With frontispiece, 12mo, pp. 298. New York: Grafton
Press. $1,50.
The Letters of Mildred's Mother to Mildred: Satirical
Sketches of Stage Life. By E. D. Price. 12mo, pp. 153.
J. S. Ogilvie Pub'g Co. $1.
An Idol of Bronze. By Louise Palmer Heaven. 12mo,
pp. 244. New York: Grafton Press. $1.50.
Mata the Magician: A Romance of the New Era. By
Isabella Ingalese. 8vo, pp. 183. Abbey Press. $1.50.
As They Did It; or, The First Church of Warden. By Rev.
Fred M. Coddington. 8vo, pp. 450. Jennings & Pye. $1.25.
Bud: A Story of the Church of the New Humanity. By
William Kennedy Marshall. 12mo, pp. 307. Jennings &
Pye. $1.
The Quest for the Empress. By Albert J. Klinck. 16mo,
pp. 93. Abbey Press. 50 cts.
A Gumbo Lily, and Other Tales. By Stella Gilman. 16mo,
pp. 176. Abbey Press. 50 cts.
Jewels of Paste. By Sue Edwards. 16mo, pp. 116. Abbey
Pregs. 50 cts.
THEOLOGY AND RELIGION.
Biblical and Semitic Studies: Critical and Historical Eg-
says by the Members of the Semitic and Biblical Faculty
of Yale University. Large 8vo, pp. 330. " Yale Bicen-
tennial Pablications." Charles Scribner's Song. $2.50 net.
The Study of Religion. By Morris Jastrow, Jr., Ph.D.
12mo, pp. 451. “Contemporary Science Series." Charles
Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
The Legends of Genesis. By Hermann Gunkel; trans.
by W. H. Carruth. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 164. Open Court
Pub'g Co. $1. net.
Esoteric Christianity; or, The Lesser Mysteries. By Annie
Besant. 12mo, pp. 404. John Lane. $1 50 net.
A Walk with Jesus. By Rev. W. H. Nelson, D.D. With
map, 8vo, pp. 463. Jennings & Pye. $1. net.
The White Stone: Some Characteristics of the Christian
Life. By John McGaw Foster. 16mo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 118. Longmans, Green, & Co. 80 cts. net.
The Twentieth Century New Testament: A Translation
into Modern English. Made from the Original Greek.
Part III., completing the work. 12mo, pp. 150. F. H.
Revell Co. 50 cts. net.
The Art of Soul-Winning. By J. W. Mahood. 18mo,
"Little Books on Practice.” Jennings & Pye.
25 cts. net.
Our Lay Office-Bearers. By Rev. G. F. Oliver, D.D.
24mo, pp. 98. “Little Books on Practice.” Jennings &
Pye. 25 cts. net.
NATURE.
Forest Trees and Forest Scenery. By G. Frederick
Schwarz. Illus., 12mo, pp. 183. New York: Grafton
Press. $1.50.
Birds of Song and Story. By Elizabeth and Joseph Grin-
nell. Illus. in colors, 8vo, pp. 150. Chicago : A. W.
Mumford. $1.
pp. 102.


-
-
-
1902.)
THE DIAL
29
son.
POLITICS AND ECONOMICS.
Lincoln's Plan of Reconstruction. By Charles H.
McCarthy, Ph.D. Large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 531.
McClure, Phillips & Co. $3. net.
Municipal Administration. By John A. Fairlie, Ph.D.
Large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 448. Macmillan Co.
$3. net.
Principles of Political Economy. By J. Shield Nichol-
son, M.A. Vol. III., Books IV. and V. Large 8vo,
uncut, pp. 460. Macmillan Co. $3. net.
A Study of the United States Steel Corporation in its
Industrial and Legal Aspects. By Horace L. Wilgus.
Large 8vo, pp. 222. Chicago: Callaghan & Co. $2.50 net.
Fields, Factories, and Workshops; or, Industry Com-
bined with Agriculture and Brain Work with Manual
Work. By P. Kropotkin. Second edition ; 12mo, pp. 259.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. 90 cts. net.
Commercial Trusts: The Growths and Rights of Aggre-
gated Capital. By John R. Dos Passos. 12mo, pp. 137.
Questions of the Day." G. P. Putnam's Sons.
People and Property. By Edwin B. Jennings. 18mo,
pp. 109. Abbey Press. 50 cts.
Democracy and the Trusts. By Edwin B. Jennings.
12mo, pp. 65. Abbey Press. 50 cts.
Who are the Criminals ? By Henry George, Jr. 16mo,
pp. 24. Abbey Press. 25 cts.
SCIENCE
Animals of the Past. By Frederic A. Lucas. Illus., 8vo,
pp. 258. McClure, Phillips & Co. $2. net.
Measures of 900 Double and Multiple Stars. Made
with the Eighteen-Inch Refractor of the Flower Astro-
nomical Observatory... By Eric Doolittle. Large 4to,
uncut, pp. 146. "Publications of the University of Penn-
sylvania."
Ginn & Co. Paper, $1.50.
ART AND ARCHITECTURE.- MUSIC,
The Furniture of Our Forefathers. By Esther Singleton;
with critical descriptions of plates by Russell Sturgis. In
2 vols., illus. in photogravure, etc., 4to, uncut. Doubleday,
Page & Co. $20. net.
Fra Filippo Lippi. By Edward C. Strutt. Illus. in pho-
togravure, etc., large 8vo, gilt top, pp. 202. Macmillan
Co. $5.
Photography as a Fine Art: The Achievements and Pog-
sibilities of Photographic Art in America. By Charles
H. Caffin. Illus., Ato, gilt top, pp. 191. Doubleday, Page
& Co. $3. net.
The Pavement Masters of Siena (1369–1562). By Robert
H. Hobart Cust, M.A. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 159.
“Great Craftsmen." Macmillan Co. $2.
The Elements of Architecture. Collected by Henry
Wotton, Kt., from the best authours and examples. Fac-
simile reprint of the edition of 1651. 12mo, uncut. Spring-
field, Mass.: F. A. Bassette Co. $1.50.
Greek Art. By T. W. Heermance, Ph.D. Illus. in photo-
gravure, 18mo, pp. 36. Boston: A. W. Elson & Co. 50c.
A Critical History of Opera, By Arthur Elson. Illus.
in photogravure, etc., 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 391.
L. C. Page & Co. $1.50.
HOLIDAY GIFT-BOOKS.
Scotland, Historic and Romantic By Maria Hornor Lans-
dale. In 2 vols., illus. in photogravure, 8vo, gilt tops.
H. T. Coates & Co. $5.
Beautiful Women in Art. By Armand Dayot; trans.
from the French by H. Twitchell. In 2 vols., illus, in
photogravure, etc., 12mo, gilt tops, uncut. L. C. Page &
Co. $4.
The Story of a Young Man: A Life of Christ. By Clif-
ford Howard ; with Foreword by Rev. Amory H. Brad-
ford, D.D.; illus. by W. L. Taylor and T. Guernsey
Moore. Large 8vo, gilt top, pp. 248. L. C. Page & Co.
$2.50.
The Old Farm. Pictured by Rudolf Eickemeyer, Jr. Large
4to. R. H. Russell. $2.
Our Devoted Friend the Dog. By Sarah Knowles Bolton.
Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 444. L. C. Page & Co.
$1.50.
Little Pilgrimages among the Women Who Have Written
Famous Books. By E. F. Harking and C.H. L. Johnston.
With portraits, 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 343. L. C. Page
& Co. $1.50.
Ruthless Rhymes for Heartless Homes. By Col. D.
Streamer. Illus., 8vo, uncut, pp. 40. R. H. Russell. $1.25.
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
Queen Mab's Fairy Realm. Illus. in colors, etc., by
H. Cole, A. Garth Jones, H. R. Millar, A. Rackham, and
R. Savage. 8vo, gilt edges, pp. 310. Charles Scribner's
Song. $2.50.
Kemble's Pickaninnies: A Collection of Southern Sketches.
By Edward W. Kemble. Oblong 4to. R. H. Russell. $2.
Wonders in Monsterland. By E. D. Cuming ; illus. in
colors, etc., by J. A. Shepherd. 12mo, pp. 258. Longmans,
Green, & Co. $2.
The Big Book of Horses and Goats: Drawings by Edward
Penfield. Oblong folio. R. H. Russell. $1.50.
Nightmare Land. By G. Orr Clark; pictures by Caroline
Love Goodwin. Large 4to. R. H. Russell, $1.50.
The Field of Clover. By Laurence Housman ; illus. by the
aathor. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 148. John Lane.
$1.25 net.
Four-Footed Folk. By Raymond Fuller Ayers ; illus. by
J. M. Condé. 4to, pp. 148. R. H. Russell. $1.25.
An Animal A B C. Illus. in colors, etc., by Harry B. Neil-
4to. Charles Scribner's Song. $1.
Red Eagle: A Tale of the Frontier. By Edward S. Ellis.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 296. H. T. Coates & Co. $1.
Lester's Luck. By Horatio Alger, Jr. Illus., 12mo, pp. 362.
H. T. Coates & Co. $1.
Esther at the Thousand Islands. By Flora Longfellow
Turknett. Illus., 12mo, pp. 158. Jennings & Pye. 90 cts.
Stories from English History, from B.C. 55 to A. D. 1901.
Edited and adapted by Henry P. Warren, L.H.D. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 482. D. C. Heath & Co. 80 cts.
Flashes from the Pan: A Fantasia in Retrospectio and
Imaginatio. Words by Prescott Bailey Bull; drawings
by Eleanor Withey Willard. 8vo, pp. 52. Grand Rapids :
Michigan Trust Co. Paper.
EDUCATION.-BOOKS FOR SCHOOL AND
COLLEGE.
An Ideal School; or, Looking Forward. By Preston W.
Search. 12mo, pp. 357. “International Education Series.”
D. Appleton & Co. $1.20 net.
Student Life and Customs. By Henry D. Sheldon, Ph.D.
12mo, pp. 366. " International Education Series." D.
Appleton & Co. $1.20 net.
Goethe's Hermann und Dorothea. Edited by C. A.
Buchheim, Ph.D., and Emma S. Buchheim; with Intro-
duction by Edward Dowden, LL.D. 16mo, pp. 152. Ox-
ford University Press.
A History of Greece for High Schools and Academies. By
George Willis Botsford, Ph.D. Illus., 12mo, pp. 381.
Macmillan Co. $1.20 net.
A Spanish Anthology: A Collection of Lyrics from the
13th Century down to the Present Time. Edited by
J. D.M. Ford, Ph.D. 12mo, pp. 390. Silver, Burdett & Co.
A German Reader and Theme-Book, By Calvin Thomas
' and Wm. Addison Hervey. 12mo, pp. 438. Henry Holt
& Co. $1. net.
Deutsche Sagen: Being a Course of German Reading with
Vocabulary. By Franciska Geibler. 12mo, pp. 86. Long-
mans, Green, & Co. 65 cts. net.
Zaragüeta. By Miguel Ramos Carrión and Vital Aza; ed-
ited by George Carter Howland. 12mo, pp. 115. Silver,
Burdett & Co. 50 cts.
Schiller's Die Braut von Messina. Edited by William
Herbert Carruth, Ph.D. Illus., 12mo, pp. 185. Silver,
Burdett & Co.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Mental State of Hystericals: A Study of Mental
Stigmata and Mental Accidents. By Pierre Janet, Litt. D.;
with Preface by Prof. J. M. Charcot; trans. by Caroline
Rollin Corson. Large 8vo, pp. 535. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
The Gathas of Zarathushtra (Zoroaster), in Metre and
Rhythm: Being a Second Edition of the Metrical Versions
in the Author's Edition of 1892–94, with Additions. By
Lawrence H. Mills, D.D. Large Svo, pp. 264. Oxford
University Press. $2.50 net.
Discovery of a Lost Trail. By Charles B. Newcomb.
Second edition ; 12mo, pp. 282. Lee & Shepard. $1.50.
From Death to Life. By Harry Marschner. 12mo, pp. 392.
Abbey Press. $1.50.
Rules of Proceeding and Debate in Deliberative Assem-
blies. By Luther S. Cushing. New edition, with many
additional Notes by Albert S. Bolles. 24mo, pp. 239.
H. T. Coates & Co. 50 cts.


28
[Jan. 1,
THE DIAL
pp. 481.
In Thompson's Woods. By Forrest Crissey. 12mo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 42. Chicago : Blue Sky Press.
California Violets: A Book of Verse. By Grace Hibbard.
18mo, uncut, pp. 113. San Francisco: A. M. Robertson.
$1. net.
King Arthur in Avalon, and Other Poems. By Sara Ham-
mond Palfrey. 8vo, uncut, pp. 191. Boston: W. B.
Clarke Co. Paper.
Old Times and New. By Sara Hammond Palfrey. Illus.,
16mo, pp. 49. Boston: W. B. Clarke Co. Paper.
pp. 400.
" Yale
The Life and Works of Friedrich Schiller. By Calvin
Thomas. Illus. in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, gilt top,
(enry Holt & Co. $3.25 net.
The Life of Lord Russell of Killowen, By R. Barry
O'Brien. With photogravure portrait and facsimiles,
large 8vo, gilt top, pp. 405. Longmans, Green, & Co.
$3.50.
William Hamilton Gibson: Artist - Naturalist - Author,
By John Coleman Adams. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 275. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2. net.
The Personality of Thoreau. By F. B. Sanborn. Illus.
in photogravure, eto., large 8vo, uncut, pp. 71. Boston:
Charles E. Goodspeed. $3. net.
The True Story of Captain John Smith. By Katharine
Pearson Woods. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 382.
Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.50 net.
Quintus Horatius Flaccus: A Brief Survey of his Life
and Writings. By Sidney G. Ashmore. With frontis-
piece, 24mo, pp. 48. New York: Grafton Press.
HISTORY.
Studies in History and Jurisprudence. By James Bryce,
D.C.L. 8vo, gilt top, pp. 926. Oxford University Press.
$3,50 net.
Time Table of Modern History, A.D, 400–1870. Compiled
and arranged by M. Morison. Oblong folio, pp. 175. Mac-
millan Co. $3.50 net.
The French People. By Arthur Hassall, M.A. 12mo,
“Great Peoples Series." D. Appleton & Co.
$1.50 net.
The Tale of the Great Mutiny. By W. H. Fitchett, B.A.
Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 384. Charles Scribner's
Song. $1.50.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Shakespeare as a Dramatic Artist. With an Account of
his Reputation at Various Periods. By Thomas R. Louns-
bury, L.H.D. Large 8vo, pp. 449. ** Yale Bicentennial
Publications.' Charles Scribner's Sons. $3. net.
India, Old and New. With a Memorial Address. By E.
Washburn Hopkins, M.A. Large 8vo, pp. 342.
Bicentennial Publications." Charles Scribner's Song.
$2.50 net.
From Homer to Theocritus: A Manual of Greek Liter-
ature. By Edward Capps. Illus., 12mo, pp. 476. Charles
Scribner's Sons. $1.50 net.
Letters on Life. By Claudius Clear. 8vo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 277. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.75 net.
Songs of Nature. Edited by John Burroughs. With photo-
gravure portrait, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 359. MoClure,
Phillips & Co. $1.50.
Forty Modern Fables. By George Ade. 12mo, uncut,
pp. 303. R. H. Russell. $1.50.
Mr. Dooley's Opinions. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 212. R. H.
Russell. $1.50.
The Simple Life. By Charles Wagner; trans. from the
French by Mary Louise Hendee; with Introduction and
Biographical Sketch by Grace King. 16mo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 193. McClure, Phillips & Co. $1.25.
A Medley Book. By George Frost. 12mo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 204. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.50.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
The Latin Quarter ("Scènes de la Vie de Bohème"). By
Henry Murger; trans. by Ellen Marriage and John
Selwyn; with Introduction by Arthur Symons. 12mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 402. “Masterpieces of Modern French
Fiction." Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.50.
Poems of John Milton. With photogravure frontispiece,
16mo, gilt top, pp. 526. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.20 net.
POETRY AND VERSE.
Mater Coronata: Recited at the Bicentennial Celebration
of Yale University, October 23, 1901. By Edmund Clarence
Stedman, L.H.D.' Large 8vo, uncut. Houghton, Mifflin
& Co. $1. net.
With Lead and Line along Varying Shores : A Book of
Poems. By Charles Henry Webb (John Paul). 12mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 111. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.10 net.
Poems and Inscriptions. By Richard Watson Gilder.
16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 101. Century Co. $1. net.
Turquoise and Iron. By Lionel Josaphare. With portrait,
12mo, uncut, pp. 104. San Francisco: A. M. Robertson.
$1.20 net.
FICTION.
Under the Skylights. By Henry B. Fuller. 12mo, gilt top,
unout, pp. 382. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
The Velvet Glove. By Henry Seton Merriman. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 294. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50.
Luke Delmege. By Rev. P. A. Sheehan. 12mo, pp. 580.
Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.50.
In the Fog. By Richard Harding Davis; illus. by T. M.
Pierce and F. D. Steele. 12mo, uncut, pp. 155. R. H.
Russell. $1.50.
Whilo Charlie was Away. By Mrs. Poultney Bigelow.
12mo, gilt top, pp. 166. D. Appleton & Co. 75 cts.
Idyls of the Gass. By Martha Wolfenstein. 12mo, pp. 295.
Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society. $1.25.
Esther Mather: A Romance. By Emma Louise Orcutt.
With frontispiece, 12mo, pp. 298. New York: Grafton
Press. $1,50.
The Letters of Mildred's Mother to Mildred: Satirical
Sketches of Stage Life. By E. D. Price. 12mo, pp. 153.
J. S. Ogilvie Pab'g Co. $1.
An Idol of Bronze. By Louise Palmer Heaven. 12mo,
pp. 244. New York: Grafton Press. $1.50.
Mata the Magician: A Romance of the New Era. By
Isabella Ingalese. 8vo, pp. 183. Abbey Press. $1.50.
As They Did It; or, The First Church of Warden. By Rev.
Fred M. Coddington. 8vo, pp. 450. Jennings & Pye. $1.25.
Bud: A Story of the Church of the New Humanity. By
William Kennedy Marshall. 12mo, pp. 307. Jennings &
Pye. $1.
The Quest for the Empress. By Albert J. Klinck, 16mo,
pp. 93. Abbey Press. 50 cts.
A Gumbo Lily, and Other Tales. By Stella Gilman. 16mo,
pp. 176. Abbey Press. 50 cts.
Jewels of Paste. By Sue Edwards. 16mo, pp. 116. Abbey
Press. 50 cts.
THEOLOGY AND RELIGION.
Biblical and Semitic Studies: Critical and Historical Es-
says by the Members of the Semitic and Biblical Faculty
of Yale University. Large 8vo, pp. 330. "Yale Bicen-
tennial Pablications." Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.50 net.
The Study of Religion. By Morris Jastrow, Jr., Ph.D.
12mo, pp. 451. “Contemporary Science Series." Charles
Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
The Legends of Genesis. By Hermann Gankel; trans.
by W. H. Carruth. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 164. Open Court
Pub'g Co. $1. net,
Esoteric Christianity; or, The Lesser Mysteries. By Annie
Besant. 12mo, pp. 404. John Lane. $1 50 net.
A Walk with Jesus. By Rev. W. H. Nelson, D.D. With
map, 8vo, pp. 463. Jennings & Pye. $1. net.
The White Stone: Some Characteristics of the Christian
Life. By John McGaw Foster. 16mo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 118. Longmans, Green, & Co. 80 cts. net.
The Twentieth Century New Testament: A Translation
into Modern English. Made from the Original Greek.
Part III., completing the work. 12mo, pp. 150. F. H.
Revell Co. 50 cts. net.
The Art of Soul-Winning. By J. W. Mahood. 18mo,
" Little Books on Practice.' Jennings & Pye.
25 cts. net.
Our Lay Office-Bearers. By Rev. G. F. Oliver, D.D.
24mo, pp. 98. "Little Books on Practice.” Jennings &
Pye. 25 cts. net.
NATURE.
Forest Trees and Forest Scenery. By G. Frederick
Schwarz. Illus., 12mo, pp. 183. New York: Grafton
Press. $1.50.
Birds of Song and Story. By Elizabeth and Joseph Grin-
nell. Illus. in colors, 8vo, pp. 150. Chicago : A. W.
Mumford. $1.
pp. 102,


1902.)
29
THE DIAL
-
POLITICS AND ECONOMICS.
Lincoln's Plan of Reconstruction. By Charles H.
McCarthy, Ph.D. Large Svo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 531.
McClure, Phillips & Co. $3. net.
Municipal Administration. By John A. Fairlie, Ph.D.
Large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 448. Macmillan Co.
$3. net.
Principles of Political Economy. By J. Shield Nichol-
son, M.A. Vol. III., Books IV. and V. Large 8vo,
uncut, pp. 460. Macmillan Co. $3. net.
A Study of the United States Steel Corporation in its
Industrial and Legal Aspects. By Horace L. Wilgus.
Large 8vo, pp. 222. Chicago: Callaghan & Co. $2.50 net.
Fields, Factories, and Workshops; or, Industry Com-
bined with Agriculture and Brain Work with Manual
Work. By P. Kropotkin. Second edition ; 12mo, pp. 259.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. 90 cts. net.
Commercial Trusts: The Growths and Rights of Aggre-
gated Capital. By John R. Dos Passos. 12mo, pp. 137.
Questions of the Day." G. P. Putnam's Sons.
People and Property. By Edwin B. Jennings. 18mo,
pp. 109. Abbey Press. 50 cts.
Democracy and the Trusts. By Edwin B. Jennings.
12mo, pp. 65. Abbey Press. 50 cts.
Who are the Criminals ? By Henry George, Jr. 16mo,
pp. 24. Abbey Press. 25 cts.
SCIENCE.
Animals of the Past. By Frederic A. Lucas. Illus., 8vo,
pp. 258. McClure, Phillips & Co. $2. net.
Measures of 900 Double and Multiple Stars. Made
with the Eighteen-Inch Refractor of the Flower Astro-
nomical Observatory... By Eric Doolittle. Large 4to,
uncut, pp. 146. "Publications of the University Penn-
sylvania." Ginn & Co. Paper, $1.50.
ART AND ARCHITECTURE.- MUSIC.
The Furniture of Our Forefathers. By Esther Singleton;
with critical descriptions of plates by Russell Sturgis. In
2 vols., illus. in photogravure, etc., 4to, uncut. Doubleday,
Page & Co. $20. net.
Fra Filippo Lippi. By Edward C. Strutt. Illus. in pho-
togravure, etc., large 8vo, gilt top, pp. 202. Macmillan
Co. $5.
Photography as a Fine Art: The Achievements and Pog-
sibilities of Photographic Art in America. By Charles
H. Caftin. Illus., Ato, gilt top, pp. 191. Doubleday, Page
& Co. $3. net.
The Pavement Masters of Siena (1369–1562). By Robert
H. Hobart Cust, M.A. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, unout,
“Great Craftsmen." Macmillan Co. $2.
The Elements of Architecture. Collected by Henry
Wotton, Kt., from the best authours and examples. Fac-
simile reprint of the edition of 1651. 12mo, uncut. Spring-
field, Mass.: F. A. Bassette Co. $1.50.
Greek Art. By T. W. Heermance, Ph.D. Illus. in photo-
gravure, 18mo, pp. 36. Boston: A. W. Elson & Co. 50c.
A Critical History of Opera. By Arthur Elson. Illus.
in photogravure, etc., 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 391.
L. Č. Page & Co. $1.50.
HOLIDAY GIFT-BOOKS.
Scotland, Historic and Romantic. By Maria Hornor Lans-
dale. In 2 vols., illus. in photogravure, 8vo, gilt tops.
H. T. Coates & Co. $5.
Beautiful Women in Art. By Armand Dayot; trans.
from the French by H. Twitchell. In 2 vols., illus, in
photogravure, etc., 12mo, gilt tops, uncut. L. C. Page &
Co. $4.
The Story of a Young Man: A Life of Christ. By Clif-
ford Howard ; with Foreword by Rev. Amory H. Brad-
ford, D.D.; illus. by W. L. Taylor and T. Guernsey
Moore. Large 8vo, gilt top, pp. 248. L. C. Page & Co.
$2.50.
The Old Farm. Pictured by Rudolf Eickemeyer, Jr. Large
4to. R. H. Russell. $2.
Our Devoted Friend the Dog, By Sarah Knowles Bolton.
Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 444. L. C. Page & Co.
$1.50.
Little Pilgrimages among the Women Who Have Written
Famous Books. By E. F. Harkins and C. H. L. Johnston.
With portraits, 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 343. L. C. Page
& Co. $1.50.
Ruthless Rhymes for Heartless Homes. By Col. D.
Streamer, Illus., 8vo, uncut, pp. 40. R. H. Russell. $1.25.
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
Queen Mab's Fairy Realm. Illus. in colors, etc., by
H. Cole, A. Garth Jones, H. R. Millar, A. Rackham, and
R. Savage. 8vo, gilt edges, pp. 310. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $2.50.
Kemble's Pickaninnies: A Collection of Southern Sketches.
By Edward W. Kemble. Oblong 4to. R. H. Russell. $2.
Wonders in Monsterland. By E. D. Caming ; illus. in
colors, etc., by J. A. Shepherd. 12mo, pp. 258. Longmans,
Green, & Co. $2.
The Big Book of Horses and Goats: Drawings by Edward
Penfield. Oblong folio. R. H. Russell. $1.50.
Nightmare Land. By G. Orr Clark; pictures by Caroline
Love Goodwin. Large 4to. R. H. Russell, $1.50.
The Field of Clover. By Laurence Housman; illus. by the
aathor. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 148. John Lane.
$1.25 net.
Four-Footed Folk. By Raymond Fuller Ayers ; illus. by
J. M. Condé. 4to, pp. 148. R. H. Russell. $1.25.
An Animal A B C. Illus. in colors, etc., by Harry B. Neil-
son. 4to. Charles Scribner's Song. $1.
Red Eagle: A Tale of the Frontier. By Edward S. Ellis.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 296. H. T. Coates & Co. $1.
Lester's Luck. By Horatio Alger, Jr. Illus., 12mo, pp. 362.
H. T. Coates & Co. $1.
Esther at the Thousand Islands. By Flora Longfellow
Turknett. Illus., 12mo, pp. 158. Jennings & Pye. 90 cts.
Stories from English History, from B.C. 55 to A. D. 1901.
Edited and adapted by Henry P. Warren, L.H.D. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 482. D. C. Heath & Co. 80 cts.
Flashes from the Pan: A Fantasia in Retrospectio and
Imaginatio. Words by Prescott Bailey Bull; drawings
by Eleanor Withey Willard. 8vo, pp. 52. Grand Rapids:
Michigan Trust Co. Paper.
EDUCATION.- BOOKS FOR SCHOOL AND
COLLEGE.
An Ideal School; or, Looking Forward. By Preston W.
Search. 12mo, pp. 357. “International Education Series."
D. Appleton & Co. $1.20 net.
Student Life and Customs. By Henry D. Sheldon, Ph.D.
12mo, pp. 366. “International Education Series." D.
Appleton & Co. $1.20 net.
Goethe's Hermann und Dorothea. Edited by C. A.
Buchheim, Ph.D., and Emma S. Buchheim; with Intro-
duction by Edward Dowden, LL.D. 16mo, pp. 152. Oz-
ford University Press.
A History of Greece for High Schools and Academies. By
George Willis Botsford, Ph.D. Illus., 12mo, pp. 381.
Macmillan Co. $1.20 net.
A Spanish Anthology: A Collection of Lyrics from the
13th Century down to the Present Time. Edited by
J. D.M. Ford, Ph.D. 12mo, pp. 390. Silver, Burdett & Co.
A German Reader and Theme-Book, By Calvin Thomas
and Wm. Addison Hervey. 12mo, pp. 438. Henry Holt
& Co. $1. net.
Deutsche Sagen: Being a Course of German Reading with
Vocabulary. By Franciska Geibler. 12mo, pp. 86. Long-
mans, Green, & Co. 65 cts. net.
Zaragüeta. By Miguel Ramos Carrión and Vital Aza; ed-
ited by George Carter Howland. 12mo, pp. 115. Silver,
Burdett & Co. 50 cts.
Schiller's Die Braut von Messina, Edited by William
Herbert Carruth, Ph.D. Illus., 12mo, pp. 185. Silver,
Burdett & Co.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Mental State of Hystericals: A Study of Mental
Stigmata and Mental Accidents. By Pierre Janet, Litt. D.;
with Preface by Prof. J. M. Charcot; trans. by Caroline
Rollin Corson. Large 8vo, pp. 535. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
The Gathas of Zarathushtra (Zoroaster), in Metre and
Rhythm: Being a Second Edition of the Metrical Versions
in the Author's Edition of 1892–94, with Additions. By
Lawrence H. Mills, D.D. Large 8vo, pp. 264. Oxford
University Press. $2.50 net.
Discovery of a Lost Trail. By Charles B. Newcomb.
Second edition ; 12mo, pp. 282. Lee & Shepard. $1.50.
From Death to Life. By Harry Marschner. 12mo, pp. 392.
Abbey Press. $1.50.
Rules of Proceeding and Debate in Deliberative Assem-
blies. By Luther S. Cushing. New edition, with many
additional Notes by Albert S. Bolles. 24mo, pp. 239.
H. T. Coates & Co. 50 cts.
pp. 159.


30
[Jan. 1,
THE DIAL
CALIFORNIA
Outdoor sports in the captivating climate of
California are uninterrupted
by winter weather.
Golf, tennis, polo, coaching, bicycling,
deep-sea fishing, shooting, kodaking, sailing,
mountain-climbing, surf-bathing - these
and other diversions may be enjoyed
any day in the year.
Best Personally Conducted Tourist Excursions
leave CHICAGO
Tuesdays and Thursdays
via The
GREAT
Follow
Your Fads in
California
Santa Fe
ROCK ISLAND
ROUTE
and Scenic Line.
No ice, no snow, no chilling blasts. One
may pick oranges, bathe in the sea,
visit ostrich farms, picnic among giant
redwoods, or sit in the shade of tropical palms.
The California Limited - best train for
best travellers - daily, Chicago to
San Francisco, Los Angeles, and San Diego.
Illustrated books –
"To California and Back" and
“Grand Canyon of Arizonia” – 10 cents.
General Passenger Office,
THE ATCHISON, TOPEKA & SANTA FE R'Y, Chicago.
TOURIST CAR via Southern Route leaves Chicago
every Tuesday.
DAILY FIRST CLASS SLEEPER through between
Chicago and San Francisco.
Crossing the best scenery of the Rockies and Sierra
Nevadas by Daylight. Direct connection to Los
Angeles. Best Dining Car Service through.
Write for information and literature to
JOHN SEBASTIAN, G. P. A., Chicago, Ill.
Chicago, Milwaukee & Queen & Crescent
St. Paul
Railway
ROUTE
AND
Electric Lighted Trains Between
Southern Railway
CHICAGO
DES MOINES
SIOUX CITY
CHICAGO
OMAHA
MILWAUKEE
ST. PAUL
MINNEAPOLIS
On January 6, 1902, the Chicago & Florida Special
will go into service for the season. Magnificent train,
dining cars, composite and observation cars, through
compartment and open standard sleepers from Chicago,
Cleveland, Detroit, Toledo, Pittsburg, Louisville and
Cincinnati to St. Augustine without change. Three
trains daily Cincinnati to Florida points. Through
sleepers St. Louis to Charleston. Double daily service
Cincinnati to New Orleans. Twenty-four hour sched-
ules. Winter tourists tickets at low rates now on sale.
Write for free printed matter.
W. A. BECKLER, N. P. A., 113 Adams St., Chicago.
EVERY DAY IN THE WEEK.
.
City Ticket Office: 95 Adams Street.
Union Passenger Station :
Madison, Adams, and Canal Streets,
W. J. MURPHY, W. C. RINEARSON,
General Manager. Gen'l Pass'gr Agt.,
CINCINNATI.
CHICAGO.
--


THE DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 a year in advance, postage
prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries
comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must
be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the
current number. REMITTANCES should be by draft, or by express or
postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and
for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application;
and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES furnished
on application. All communications should be addressed to
THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
No. 74.
JANUARY 16, 1902. Vol. XXXII.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
PHASES OF LITERARY CRITICISM. Leon Mead 35
THE TRUTH ABOUT CHINA. Josiah Renick Smith 38
THE MARCUS WHITMAN LEGEND. F. H. Hodder 40
“ CASKET LET-
MARY STUART AND THE
TERS." W. H. Carruth .
43
STRIVINGS WITH SOCIAL PROBLEMS. Garrett
P. Wyckoff ..
45
Ross's Social Control. — Calkins's Substitutes for
the Saloon. - Boies's The Science of Penology.-
• Josiah Flint's" The World of Graft. -Gilman's
Back to the Soil. — Maude's Tolstoy and his Prob-
lems. - Snider's Social Institutions. – Wyckoff's A
Day with a Tramp. – Henderson's The Social Spirit
in America.
RECENT AMERICAN POETRY. William Morton
Payne .
47
Stedman's Mater Coronata. - Gilder's Poems and
Inscriptions. — Santayana's A Hermit of Carmel. -
Markham's Lincoln and Other Poems. -Scollard's
The Lutes of Morn. – Donaldson's Songs of My
Violin. -Spalding's God and the Soul. - Pallen's
The Feast of Thalarchus. — Webb's With Lead and
Line. — Rose's At the Sign of the Ginger Jar. —
Sosso's In the Realms of Gold. - Josaphare's Tur-
quoise and Iron. - Miss Peabody's Marlowe. - Miss
Branch's The Heart of the Road.-Miss Dickinson's
The Cathedral.-Mrs. Adams's Sonnets and Songs.-
Miss King's Verses. — Miss Brooks's The Destiny.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
53
A traveller in Western wilds thirty years ago.
Memories of an eminent musician. -- Popular essays
on the English language. — The life and work of
Wagner.-- An elementary work on the French Revo-
lation.-An English poet's view of Walt Whitman.-
Maurice Hewlett's “New Canterbury Tales.” —
Leaders of finance and industry.- Essays by the
late Dr. Everett of Harvard.-A book of wild beasts.
PHASES OF LITERARY CRITICISM.
It is generally conceded that in the domain
of literary criticism, America is far behind
England, France, and Germany. Is this be-
cause the American people are too busy to
think? Is it because, when they have a few
hours to spare from the mad scramble for
money, they devote themselves to recreation
and amusement and let books take care of
themselves? Is it because the morning and
afternoon newspapers supply all their needs in
the way of reading, with an occasional frothy
novel snatched up and devoured with no higher
literary purpose than to find out whether the
hero and heroine marry in the last chapter ?
There can be no doubt that the constant
reading of newspapers spoils the mental appe-
tite and digestion for thoughtful, masterly
books. So many people are concerned with
the present, with the concrete affairs of every-
day life, that they actually think it a waste of
time to read anything that will improve their
nds. Hence the works of learned professors
and of great authors (I do not mean popular
authors, though certainly, some of the latter are
great) have a surprisingly limited circulation
as compared to the whole population of the
country. And even get comparatively few
people make a hobby of books as they do of
other things.
If high-class and scholarly books now go
begging among the masses, it follows that
critical effort shares in the general apathy.
There is little inducement for scientific criti-
cism to assert itself. The output of the pub-
lishers is too often reviewed by professional
critics in that perfunctory and hackneyed fash-
ion which carries less and less weight each
year with the general reader. Why? Because
professional critics are seldom original think-
Besides, so enormous is the inflow of
books — largely worthless — that, in order to
keep their desks and tables half-way cleared,
newspaper critics often “notice” volumes of
which they have not even cut the leaves.
Scientific criticism is not accomplished in or
for a day, a week, or a month. Criticism of
a quality worthy the name implies that its pro-
.
ers.
BRIEFER MENTION.
56
NOTES
56
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
57
.
.
.


36
[Jan. 16,
THE DIAL
ducer has lived as well as browsed in a library ; | life, the formula for the image, the heady
so that he knows his own capacity not only to fumes of distillation for the divine intoxication
think, but to love, to feel, to suffer. In other of Apollo.” As to a portion of Taine's work,
words, he must know some of the true mean this seems aptly true. Time and again I have
ings of life from actual experience, and not tried to read “On Intelligence,” and always
alone from study and hearsay. This require with the same result a sort of hungry dis-
ment, too, makes the great poet, — as well as appointment. “One must stand as well with
the great man in whatever walk of life. Lit the public sentiment as with God himself,"
erature and art are in their broadest sense says the Talmud ; and it also says, “To the
expressions of life, of which the creative mind wasp men say, Neither thy honey nor thy
interprets some or many phases. Someone has sting.”
defined art as truth filtered through a person If the critic has something to tell from the
ality. But these definitions amount to very depths of his own heart, who will not listen ?
little. The main thing is to winnow the wheat We shall not think of him then as a man who
from the tares in literature, and to read only has failed as an author and turned blackguard;
such works as have intellectual beauty, moral but as one who understands and respects his
force, and those ineffable inspirations which vocation. It is an admirable thing to be sure
strengthen mind and character.
first of the good points in an author's work,
Contemporary criticism of the highest qual. to be attuned to the best that is in him. Few
ity shows a wide divergence from that of fifty men are always equal to their best, and per-
years ago, in that it is more liberal, more thor. haps if they were they would become monot-
ough, more expert. Its standards are higher.
Its standards are higher. onous or too strong for human nature's daily
Arrant trash it usually leaves alone, as not food. If Homer sometimes nods, if Lowell
worth wasting time over. This was once not drops occasionally from his higher moods, if
so. Compare the quibbling, sometimes vicious, Stevenson ranges from the most exquisite
criticisms of Poe with the calm and philosophic word-carving to childish dalliance, if Mr. Henry
utterances of Matthew Arnold. Yet to some James frequently strains his diction to its most
minds Mr. Arnold was often too academic, too attenuated limits, even if Mr. Howells some.
nonchalantly sure of classic criteria.
times prefers to exalt the commonplace with
With most men and women, popular expo an art fit for the realms of pure Romance,
sition still wins the greatest favor, — just as in we should remind ourselves that they all were
creative literaturexhat is simple and universal or are human. If, in print, we choose to
makes the stoongest appeal. If there is one differ from them we must be certain that our
thing more that another that has vitiated En point of view is at least wide enough to stand
glish and American criticism within the past upon with both feet. Sainte-Beuve said of
half century, it has been the tendency to sneer
Massillon :
without cause, to make light of serious efforts, “ It is not given to all minds to feel and to relish
to lug in the morbidly introspective or the equally the peculiar beauties and excellences of Mas-
merely flippant things. Here and there a clear sillon. To like Massillon, to enjoy him sincerely and
eyed and clear-minded student rises to the
without weariness, is a quality and almost a peculiarity
of certain minds, which may define them. He will
requirements of the hour and gives us the final love Massillon who loves what is just and noble better
products of his analysis and ratiocination. Such than what is new, who prefers elegant simplicity to a
results represent the most conscientious insight slightly rough grandeur; who, in the intellectual order,
plus a broad culture and that indispensable
is pleased before all things with rich fertility and cult-
ure, with small sobriety, with ingenious amplification,
something which we call style.
with a certain calmness and a certain repose even in
We need more critics, not less; but we want motion, and who is never weary of those eternal com-
them on the order of John Addington Sy- monplaces of morality which humanity will never ex-
monds, Walter Pater, Professor Saintsbury,
baust.”
James Russell Lowell, Edmund Clarence Sted It is doubtful if Schopenhauer would have
man. Do we need such critics as Taine, whose felt edified by hearing the great French divine;
relentless and inadequate logic so repelled, for Schopenhauer had the incredible temerity
dried, corroded, and saddened the delicate yet to say that “po change of human nature can
far from effeminate soul of Amiel? The read. ever be affected by the spread of moral doc-
ing of Taine, he said, had to him “the smell trines.”
trines.” So here again is the point of view,
of the laboratory; it never inspired, but only which must not be lost sight of for a moment.
informed, and gave algebra to those who asked If a man stands aloof in his own inflexible


1902.)
37
THE DIAL
egotism to judge the efforts of others, he never Censure does not necessarily imply a stand-
can be a true critic. He must divest himself ard. A man may inveigh against something
of personal prejudices and blind habits of ar. without having taste or sensibility to back
bitrary taste. If he applies comparisons, they him. Censure is no more the purpose of true
must, in all justice, be such as he would will. criticism than is praise. Nearly every fool
ingly have his own statements weighed by. In thinks he can write a book, and most fools
other words, the critic owes it to his readers think they can criticise one.
The greatest
to put himself in the author's place as much skill, however, is not displayed in tearing
as possible. This, to be sure, was not Macau- down, but in building up. It is wisely put in
lay's way nor Jeffrey's. Macaulay was a blind Max Müller's epigram: “It is the heart that
partisan in his decisions about everything. He makes the critic, not the nose.” And by
sometimes demolished his man," and then Richter: “ Criticism often takes from the tree
set him up again as he thought the man should caterpillars and blossoms together.”
have been in the first place. And we derive Our best thinkers have brought about a
an idea from reading Macaulay that he was mental and moral uplift in the ranks of the
not so shrewd in his discrimination as his in- great middle classes of the United States, who
telligence was colossal. Even when on the
Even when on the demand for themselves and for their children
wrong side of a question he was forcible and the best that our men of genius can produce.
clear, but these very qualities only made more And with such a gigautic incentive as the favor
vivid and complete his errors.
With true of the best portion of the American public, our
British obstinacy, he would argue out an ab authors are rising magnificently to the occasion,
surd proposition to the bitter end, sometimes and will lift professional criticism too. Some
as though in sheer desire to turn on a torrent of our very best criticism, which the public
of literary and historic allusions.
knows nothing about, is performed in the lead-
The ideals of a by-gone age are not binding ing publishing houses and by the editors of the
upon us, except as we wish to have them so. great magazines. The readers and literary
We are far removed from much of the pagan advisers employed by these publishers are men
thought which coëxisted with the highest civi and women of exceptional ability in their field.
zation of the Greeks. They bequeathed much They reject probably 90 per cent of the manu-
that the cultivated race of to-day would not scripts submitted to them, and though they
willingly lose ; but have we not gained much thus disappoint many aspirants they maintain
that they never had ? It is the business of a certain creditable standard. Many wortbless
criticism to keep in touch with the movement manuscripts are published sooner or later, but
of evolution and with the spirit of the twentieth they do not come out with the imprint of any
century. Mr. Leslie Stephen declares that high-class firm; they lack the stamp which
"the whole art of criticism consists in learning presupposes at least good workmanship. Again,
to know the human being who is partially re. many manuscripts have good material in them,
vealed to us in his spoken or written words." but are technically faulty; in which case they
This shows that Mr. Stephen is as much inter are sometimes sent back to be revised by the
ested in life as in literature - a good symptom
a good symptom author. The same is true of MSS. sent to
in any kind of a connoisseur. To some bookish magazine editors. Thus, in many ways, the
souls literature is life itself, and the men and public is spared the pain of reading shoddy or
things around them vague shadows. A poetical slatternly writing in books and publications
friend of mine often confesses that he lives in issued by these careful and exacting houses,
the moon, and his practical knowledge of every which have won their reputation by these
day matters is most amazing or amusing, ac methods. Critical acumen and skill enter into
cording as one may regard it. We are a great this routine to an extent undreamed of by the
deal better organized socially and intellectually average reader. Many expert editors handle
than people were in that age which “made no the “copy” in a large magazine office, and
sign when Shakespeare, its noblest son, passed
errors seldom
escape their Argus eyes. Indeed,
away.” Two sayings of Emerson “Great if some books, even by veteran authors, were
ness appeals to the future,” and “ To be great published as written, without pruning or altera-
is to be misunderstood,” — contain clues to tions by a sagacious editor, the critics would
the reason why some great authors are not be neglecting their duty not to condemn them
always appreciated in their own generation with merciless vigor or ridicule them out of
the market.
LEON MEAD.

-
and country


38
[Jan. 16,
THE DIAL
Books.
American. His long residence and study, his
The New
penetrating eye for detail, his judicial temper,
his piquant style, and his saving grace of
THE TRUTH ABOUT CHINA.*
humor, make a combination of qualifications
whose net result, as seen in this book, is the
When the tenth edition of the Encyclopædia most interesting and authoritative document
Britannica comes to be issued (is not its pre in its somewhat crowded class.
decessor even now growing obsolete on our
The author recognizes at the outset the dif-
shelves ?) no article will demand more thorough ficulty of his task, quoting with approval Mr.
re-writing than that which is headed “China."
A. R. Colquhoun's somewhat ponderous sen-
That the torpid self-centred existence of ages
tence, “immense and indefinite duration multi-
should have been so violently shaken by the plied by incomputable numbers of population
war of 1894 and the explosions of 1900, and
must make an aggregate literally incompre-
should thenceforth reluctantly but inevitably
hensible.” In the first chapter, entitled “ Re-
form part of the nervous fretwork of the na-
moter Sources of Antipathy,"Chinese seclusion,
tions, are among the most significant facts of
ignorance, and conceit are admirably described
the last turbulent decade. Of the score or
without being accounted for. The national
more of books on China (in English alone)
aversion to foreigners, according to Dr. Smith,
brought out since the dramatic scenes at the
needs no further rationale than the fact that
Peking Legations during that memorable sum-
the foreigners are not Chinese. But this funda-
mer, the majority will have their day and cease
mental reason has been well buttressed during
to be. Made up of impressions received during the past century by international complications,
the strain of those trying days, they are good arising mainly from foreign eagerness to press
material for the historian rather than historical
trade upon reluctant China ; and by the distrust
writing. Of all countries, China offered the
which the introduction of Christianity has
least appui to the impromptu interpreter of aroused among the literary classes.
national feeling as voiced in national move-
About this vexed matter of the missionaries
ments; the only safe rule apparently being to
Dr. Smith speaks with perfect candor. Aside
reverse the application of occidental motives,
from the natural unwillingness of Chinese
so far as they can be retraced from results.
scholars to admit that anything could be added
To do this with discretion — that is, with a
to their wisdom, there is the special question
knowledge when not to do it - is not vouch-
of ancestral worship, a central tenet of Con-
safed to war correspondents or the average fucianism, and the first one to be abandoned
globe-trotter; nor must it be expected of them.
by Christianized Chinese. Dr. Smith adds:
We are now pretty well assured that an ade-
“ We are not concerned at this time either to defend
quate account of the recent crisis in China
the almost universal judgment of the Christian church
could be prepared only with the aid of special in China in regard to the worship of ancestors, or to
natural gifts, and after long residence in the inquire by what means some via media may be employed
country, supplemented by a full acquaintance
to combine reverence to man and worship to God, so
that neither shall infringe upon the other. Our object
with the possibilities — and impossibilities
is simply to make it clear that we recognize the present
of the Chinese language.
attitude of the Christian church (Protestant and Catholic
For these things not many men are sufficient; alike) as a great bar to the spread of the Gospel in
but probably no living writer more nearly fulfils China, and perhaps as the most potent single cause of
their hard conditions than does Rev. Arthur
Chinese hostility.”
-
the Smith, who is already so widely and favou The anti-foreign riots of the past forty years,
ably known as the author of “Chinese Char directed mainly, but not exclusively, against
acteristics” and “ Village Life in China,” and missionary stations, are rapidly sketched, be-
who now presents us, in two handsome vol ginning with the attack, in 1868, on the Inland
umes, the winnowed results of a life of thought Mission at Chen Chiang; and including the
and observation, under the appropriate title of Tientsin massacre (1870), the anti-French
“ China in Convulsion.” In a certain sense riots at Shanghai (1874), and the various
the book has been nearly thirty years getting
outbreaks in "turbulent Canton.” The bitter
itself written. Dr. Smith knows the Chinese hatred which both fomented these attacks and
character better probably than any other living was increased by them received, in the last
*CHINA IN CONVULSION. By Arthur H. Smith. In two
quarter of the century, fresh impetus from the
volumes. Illustrated. Chicago: Fleming H, Revell Co. s commercial intrusion,” chiefly of railways,


1902.)
39
THE DIAL
--
----
--
telegraphs, and mining enterprises ; and from later universally accepted on account of the
the various acts of territorial aggression on the difficulty of coining a better one.”
part of Russia, Germany, Great Britain, and And so, after this elaborate introduction, we
France.
are led by the author to the heart of his nar-
• Probably there is not another country on the planet rative,
rative, — the Siege of the Legations in Peking.
where events and conditions such as have been very The rest of the first volume and more than half
imperfectly hinted at would not long before bave pro of the second is devoted to the story of those
duced an outbreak. What the Barbarians want,' said
a ruler quoted in Mencius, 'is my territory.' The events
eight weeks of suffering and heroism, which
of the past few years had made it clear to the per. must go back to the siege of the Lucknow
ceptions of the Manchu rulers of the Chinese Empire Residency in 1857 to find its equal. The
that, in these days also, • what the Barbarians want is style, in obedience to the subject, grows more
my territory.' The Barbarians were, it is true, numerous
abrupt, and takes on the diary form in the
and strong, but so were the Chinese. The more they
reflected on the intolerable situation, the fiercer
present tense. Every feature which made the
grew
the flame of their anger, and the more determined the days terrible and the nights hideous is given
resolution by one master stroke to put an end to their its place in this clear and straightforward nar-
bondage. The Chinese Tiger, when roused, is himself ration. The world knows the outlines well
reputed to be a formidable beast. When he should
enough; but Dr. Smith's story is as vivid as a
bave been equipped with Boxer wings, he would be
absolutely invincible. With this view, and in this hope biograph, and will be eagerly read by all.
and confident expectation, was launched such a singular Naturally, we all want to know what so
crusade as the weary earth, after nineteen centuries of acute an observer and so wise a man as Dr.
experience in the Christian era, and we know not how
Smith thinks will be the outcome; and so we
many precedent to that epoch, had never seen before."
hasten to the last two chapters, “ A Twelve-
Dae weight, as a factor in the outbreaks of month of Foreign Occupation” and “ The Out-
1900, is assigned to reaction against the ex look.” There are plenty of ugly passages in
tensive reform scheme projected by the young the accounts of loot, outrage, and murder on
Emperor Kuang Hsü in 1898. A pathetic the part of the allied troops (America's skirts
interest attaches to the heroic attempt of the being fairly clean), none of which is palliated
young Manchu ruler to lift his vast empire by by the author, who says, “There have been
main force from the ancient ruts, and to set it times when it has seemed as if the foreign
in the ways of progress. His failure was briefly troops had come to Northern China for the
advertised in the curt announcement (Sept. express purpose of committing within the short-
28, 1898) that Kuang Hsü had abdicated, est time as many violations as possible of the
and that the redoubtable Dowager Empress sixth, the seventh, and the eighth command-
had once more assumed the government. Dr. ments.” On the other hand, the conduct of
Smith laments that
the missionaries is justified by so good a judge
** There was so little appreciation on the part of Foreign as Minister Conger before the siege, during
Powers of the nature of the crisis. . . . The Empire the siege, and after the siege.”
drifted into the whirlpool without the representatives
As to the outlook, Dr. Smith believes that
of the leading nations of the West realizing that there
was anything unusual in progress, although the connec-
the Chinese will continue in the future, as in
tion was of the same sort as that by which a pestilence the past, to be moved by moral forces as by no
follows a war.
The dethronement of Kuang Hsü car others; and finds the solution in Christianity.
ried within itself the fruitful seeds of the Boxer out-
* It has been in China a disturber, as it always is and
break.”
always has been everywhere. ... There has been
Four chapters are devoted to a masterly an much in the method of its propagation in China which
alysis of the causes and progress of the Boxer
is open to just criticism, and which at this crucial junc-
ture ought to be fearlessly exposed, frankly admitted,
movement. The Chinese name of this secret
and honestly abandoned, new and better methods re-
society, I Ho Ch'uan, “ literally denotes the placing those which have proved faulty and unworthy,
· Fists (Ch'uan) of Righteous (or Public)
It is well that the dilemma should be recognized
(I) Harmony (Ho), in apparent allusion to
and squarely faced. Unless China is essentially altered
she will continue to “imperil the world's future.' Other
the strength of united force which was to be
forces have been to some extent experimented with, and
put forth. As the Chinese phrase "fists and
have been shown to be hopelessly inadequate. Chris-
feet' signifies • boxing and wrestling,' there tianity has been tried upon a small scale only, and has
appeared to be no more suitable term for the already brought forth fruits after its kind. When it
adherents of this sect than • Boxers,' a desig-
shall have been thoroughly tested, and have had oppor-
tunity to develop its potentialities, it will give to China,
nation first used by one or two missionary cor intellectually, morally, and spiritually, the elixir of a
respondents of foreign journals in China, and
66
new life.”


40
[Jan. 16,
THE DIAL
Such are the concluding words of this re the subject, and has brought to light much
markable book. They will meet with the assent important evidence.
important evidence. But Professor Bourne
of many, the rejection of some : but they must may fairly be regarded as the Columbus of
command the respect of all who reach them the discovery, since he is the first to succeed
after a careful perusal of the 1500 pages that in forcing it upon public attention. His paper
precede them. And if the editors of that tenth was printed in the January issue of 5 The
edition of the Encyclopædia have not as yet American Historical Review.” It has recently
“placed” their article on China, we recom been reprinted in an enlarged and revised form
mend them to assign it to the Rev. Arthur H. in his “Essays in Historical Criticism," issued
Smith.
as one of the “ Yale Bicentennial Publications."
It may be added that the volumes are hand In his original paper Professor Bourne con-
somely printed and bound, and richly furnished tented himself with proving that the Whitman
with illustrations, maps, charts, and indices. story was without historical foundation. In
JOSIAH RENICK SMITH. reprinting it he has prefixed another paper in
which he traces the origin and genesis of the
legend that has been attached to Whitman's
name.
The story first appeared from 1864 to
TAE MARCUS WHITMAN LEGEND.*
1866, nearly twenty years after Whitman's
The story of Marcus Whitman has passed death, in articles in California and Oregon
into history. Everyone thinks that he knows papers, originating with H. H. Spalding and
how Dr. Whitman undertook a perilous jour-
W. H. Gray, two of Dr. Whitman's associates.
ney across the Rocky Mountains in the winter In the years immediately following his death,
of 1842 in order to inform the administration when he was most likely to have been eulogized,
at Washington of the inroads that the Hudson's
not a word was heard of his great political
Bay Company were making into Oregon ; how
services. The Oregon Treaty of 1846 provided
he exacted promises from President Tyler and for compensation to the Hudson's Bay and
Secretary Webster not to abandon the terri- Puget's Sound Companies for their possessory
tory; and how, by hurrying back and organ-
rights within the territory of the United States.
izing a great emigration, he saved it to the In 1863 a treaty with Great Britain provided
United States. The various versions of this
for the settlement of these claims, and a com-
story differ in details, but the burden of them mission, acting under the treaty, began their
all is that Whitman saved Oregon. The “sen
examination in 1865 and later awarded $650,-
sation" of the annual meeting of the American 000 to the two companies. While this settle-
Historical Association at Detroit a year ago
ment was pending, most of the mission land
was a striking paper by Professor Edward G. claims were disallowed by the United States
Bourne of Yale University, which proved not
government on the ground of abandonment.
only that this story is inaccurate in details but
These were the circumstances that furnished
that it is entirely unfounded in its main out the motive for the publication of the earliest
lines. Dr. Whitman went east not to save
versions of the Whitman story. At about the
Oregon but to save his mission. Even if he same time Spalding learned that the govern-
saw Webster and Tyler, there is no reason to
ment had printed and circulated as a public
think that he changed the policy of the ad-
document a Catholic account of the Whitman
ministration in the slightest degree. He did massacre, which reflected upon the conduct of
not organize and could not have organized the
the Protestant missionaries. Smarting under
emigration of 1843, but joined it after its the disparagement of his work, the loss of the
organization and rendered valuable assistance mission lands, and the fancied injustice of the
on the way. Professor Bourne is not the first payment of the foreign claims, Spalding de-
to discover the groundlessness of the Whitman
voted himself to a campaign of vindication.
story. It was pointed out in Oregon papers
From 1868 to 1870 he travelled through
between 1882 and 1885 by Mr. Elwood Evans
Oregon and other parts of the United States,
and by Mrs. F. F. Victor. Mr. Wm. I. Mar-
delivering lectures, collecting endorsements,
shall of Chicago has devoted a dozen years to
inspiring newspaper articles, and securing the
adoption of resolutions and memorials drafted
* ESSAYS IN HISTORICAL CRITICISM. By Edward Gaylord
by himself. The burden of these memorials
Bourne. New York: Charles Scribner's Song.
MARCUS WHITMAN AND THE EARLY DAYS OF OREGON.
was the great service rendered by Dr. Whit-
By William A. Mowry. New York: Silver, Burdett & Co. man and himself in saving Oregon to the


1902.)
41
THE DIAL
United States and the justice of the mission perversion of history that has been wrought.
land claims, though the latter were discreetly Dr. Wm. A. Mowry bas been especially con-
kept in the background. The object of these spicuous by reason of the unusual prominence
memorials, aside from the repudiation of the that he has given to Whitman in the series of
Catholic document, may be illustrated by a school histories of which he is the author. His
single extract.
“ Marcus Whitman and the Early Days of
" It is our deliberate conviction that the Lapwai mis Oregon,” published during the summer, is the
sion belongs to the American Board of Foreign Missions latest and most conservative statement of the
as the mission home of our Brother Spalding.
Whitman story. This book was not hastily
That the interests of the Government and of the tribe
would be better subserved by the appointment of Mr.
undertaken as a reply to Professor Bourne, but
Spalding there than by any other man. . . . The plea
is the result of the careful investigation of many
of voluntary abandonment of the Lapwai mission years. It is evident, however, that the author
is simply absurd.”
is not equipped for critical work in history.
In 1871 Spalding secured the publication of This conclusion is first suggested by the bib-
all of these testimonials, petitions, and papers, liography with which the book
opens,
thrown
as a Senate document under the title “ Early together as it is without any plan of arrange-
Labors of Missionaries in Oregon,” and this ment, misquoting titles, omitting dates of pub-
document became the principal source of the lication, and containing many errors, among
later versions of the Whitman story. In the which the assignment of the Spalding report
meantime, Gray, Spalding's associate, pub to the wrong session of Congress may be men-
lished a similar account of Whitman's services tioned. The first impression is further con-
in his “ History of Oregon,” issued in 1870. firmed by the author's treatment of his material.
Incorporated in a public document and in a He quotes a great deal of personal testimony,
formal history of the state, written by an early but fails to evince any appreciation of the dif-
settler, later writers, without further investi- ference in value attaching to testimony taken
gation, accepted the story as true.
at different periods, and in many cases omits
At this point began the second propaganda to indicate the time at which the testimony is
of the story. Friends and descendants of the taken. He is also much given to painting his-
missionaries and the churches that had sent torical pictures to fill up gaps
in the narra-
them out were naturally pleased to discover tive and to make it interesting, in a way that
that Oregon had been saved to the United
suggests the Rev. Mason Weems.
A single
States by the missions ; and various persons quotation will serve as an example. The ex-
devoted themselves to the diffusion of this im-
perience of Lovejoy, Dr. Whitman's
companion
portant information through the medium of
upon his famous ride, is described as follows:
magazine articles, pamphlets, and books. The
« It was the dead of winter. He was one man, alone,
story received its widest circulation in an his in the midst of the Rocky Mountains, in an unfrequented
tory of “Oregon: The Struggle for Posses pass. . . . In his solitude during that longest week of
sion,” published by Rev. Wm. Barrows in the entire trip, probably the longest of his life, he must
have made much of the companionship of their little
1883. This book, by reason of its inclusion
dog. It is sad to think that a little further on in their
in a popular series, its issue by a prominent journey, when their provisions had utterly failed, not
publishing house, and the fact that it presented only were they obliged to kill a mule for food to save
the only short and convenient account of the their lives, but stern necessity compelled them to kill
and eat that faithful dog."
Oregon controversy, reached a large sale. Sev-
eral biographies of Whitman were written. This picture is apparently based upon Mr.
Two appeared in 1895, one of them bearing Lovejoy's statement that they were “from want
the striking title. How Whitman Saved Ore of food, compelled to use the flesh of dogs,
gon.” In 1897 the Congregational churches, mules, and such other animals as came in their
throughout the country, celebrated the anni. reach.” It is hardly worth while to point out the
versary of Dr. Whitman's death as “ Whitman variations contained in Dr. Mowry’s version.
Day." By systematically importuning writers The important fact is that he applies the same
and publishers of school histories of the United methods to the essential points of the story that
States to include the story in their text-books, he does to the non-essential. When he comes
its champions have secured for it practically to Whitman's Washington visit, he says:
universal circulation and universal acceptance. “Exactly what happened in Washington is
Professor Bourne's refutation is complete at difficult to determine. From the best reports
every point, and it now remains to correct the we feel quite sure that the following account
the


42
[Jan. 16,
THE DIAL
is not far from the truth.” Then he gives the American Board, but these reasons would not
imaginary conversations with Webster and have restrained Dr. Whitman from referring
Tyler invented years afterward by Spalding, to it in letters written while in the east to per-
in spite of the fact that there is no direct sons not connected with the Board. Dr. Mowry
evidence of Whitman's having seen Webster also argues that but for a political motive, Dr.
and only very uncertain evidence of his seeing Whitman would have waited until spring, since
Tyler. In place of a careful citation of author a summer trip across the continent would have
ities, we find such expressions as “ doubtless," served the purpose of the mission equally well.
“it seems probable," " we are told,” “ from Exactly the reverse appears to us to have been
the best reports we feel quite sure," and the the case. The Board in February of 1842
like.
had ordered the discontinuance of the mission,
Dr. Mowry evidently intends to give an im and would expect the order to be obeyed not
partial account of the life of Whitman, but is later than the spring of 1843. If the order
prevented by his preconceived opinions from were to be withdrawn, representations must
seeing facts in their true light. Nevertheless, reach the Board by that time. Arriving in
he presents much important material ; so that Boston, Dr. Whitman succeeded in securing
it is quite possible, by making allowance for the reversal of the order, and thus accomplished
his constructions, to read the true life of Whit-
man in his pages. The main points of this That Dr. Whitman also visited Washington
life, as already suggested, respect, first, the appears from a letter that he addressed to the
purpose of his ride, second, the incidents and Secretary of War after his return to Oregon,
object of his visit to Washington, and, third, which began as follows: “Sir, In compliance
his connection with the emigration of 1843. with a request you did me the honor to make
The American Board established its Oregon last winter, while in Washington, I herewith
missions in 1836 by sending out Whitman and transmit to you the synopsis of a bill,” etc.
Spalding as missionaries and Gray as agent. There is no other contemporary reference to
Two years later the missions were reënforced Dr. Whitman's Washington visit. In later
by the addition of Eells, Walker, Smith, and years several persons testified that they re-
Rogers. The missionaries quarrelled fiercely membered having seen him there. Dr. Lyon G.
among themselves, a fact which Dr. Mowry Tyler writes that John Tyler, Jr., President
passes over as charitably as possible. In Feb. Tyler's son and secretary, told him that “he
ruary of 1842 the Prudential Committee of remembered Whitman very well, that he was
the Board decided to discontinue the southern in Washington, 1842–43, full of his project to
branch, transfer Whitman to the northern one, carry emigrants to Oregon, that he waited
and recall Spalding. When this order was on the President and received from him the
received in September, Dr. Whitman, feeling heartiest concurrence in his plans.” This
that its execution would be a great mistake, does not necessarily mean much, since it was
called a meeting of the missionaries, to whom the custom of nearly everyone, who visited the
he communicated his resolution to go east im national capital, to pay his respects to the
mediately in order to present his view of the President. That Dr. Tyler does not regard it
situation to the Board. The purpose of his as sustaining the claim that Whitman in-
journey appears in the authorization of the fluenced the administration appears from a
missionaries, which advised Dr. Whitman “ to recent letter to the writer of this review, in
visit the United States as soon as practicable which he says, “I do not believe that Dr.
to confer with the Committee of the American Whitman controlled the policy of President
Board for Foreign Missions in regard to the Tyler's administration in any way.” That
interests of this mission.” Dr. Mowry unac President Tyler discussed the political situ-
countably omits the last eight words of this ation with Dr. Whitman is extremely improb-
authorization, as Professor Bourne points out. able, since he had refused the request of the
Dr. Whitman's purpose is also clearly stated Senate for information upon the ground that
in a letter written by Mr. Walker at the time he did “not deem it consistent with the public
of his departure, which Dr. Mowry erroneously interest to make any communication upon the
attributes to Mr. Eells. There is no sugges- subject.”
subject.” A very plausible reason for Dr.
tion anywhere of a political motive. Dr. Mowry Whitman's visit to Washington and for his
attributes its absence to fear of the Hudson's interview with the Secretary of War was a de-
Bay Company and of the condemnation of the sire to strengthen the title to the mission lands.
1


1902.)
43
THE DIAL
These lands were held merely under a permit journey to secure them. What Whitman
from the War Department, and Dr. Whitman wanted was a small emigration of pious people
expressed his anxiety upon the subject in his to assist the missions in checking the papists,
first letter, written to the American Board after and not the great emigration of all sorts and
his return to Oregon, in which he said, “Un conditions of men that saved Oregon to the
less the Board gets a special grant of the land
United States. No one man saved Oregon, but
the mission occupies, it will be likely to be the spontaneous movement of masses of men.
taken from the mission by preëmption when It was a part of that larger movement which,
ever Congress takes possession of the country beginning with the Allegheny Mountains, in
and grants land to settlers."
little more than a century pushed the American
As to Whitman's connection with the emi. frontier across the continent to the Pacific, and
gration of 1843, Dr. Mowry admits that “it afforded the most marvellous example of na-
can be clearly shown that he was not the sole tional expansion in all history. In that struggle
cause of this great westward movement," but Marcus Whitman played a man's part, and,
he endeavors to show that he was one of its like hundreds of others, fell a victim to Indian
prime movers. In
regard to this emigration treachery; but that he is entitled, either by
Dr. Whitman on his way back to Oregon wrote the breadth of his views or by the measure of
the Secretary of the American Board from his achievement, to rank as one of the leaders
Shawnee Mission:
of the struggle cannot for a moment be ad-
“You will be surprised to see that we are not yet
mitted.
F. H. HODDER.
started. The emigrants have some of them just gone
and some of them have been gone a week and some are
yet coming on. I shall start to-morrow. I regret that
I could not have spent some of the time spent here in
MARY STUART AND THE
suspense, with my friends at the East. ... I cannot
“ CASKET LETTERS.”*
give you much of an account of the emigrants until we
get on the road. It is said that there are over two hun One who has been following Mr. Andrew
dred men besides women and children. They look like Lang's literary activities for the last few years
a fair representative of a country population. Few, I will recognize in his “Pickle the Spy” and
conclude, are pious. . We do not ask you to be the
“The Companions of Pickle,” as well as in his
patrons of emigration to Oregon, but we ask you to use
your influence that, in connection with all the influx
more recent volume on “ The Mystery of Mary
into the country, there may be a fair proportion of Stuart,” the by-products of the author's “ His-
good men of our own denomination who shall avail tory of Scotland,” recently brought to a con-
themselves of the advantages of the country in common clusion. Or, if this designation has a derogatory
with others."
shade, it might be fairer to refer to the books
From this letter it appears that Dr. Whitman first named as the results of the author's pre-
was not only not engrossed with the organization liminary studies for the latter. It would be
of a great emigration, but that he regretted difficult on any other assumption to understand
the time he was compelled to spend with it, how Mr. Lang should have been inclined to
and was almost disgusted with its character. devote such minute study, and two impressive
What Whitman's real plan of emigration was volumes, to Pickle and Pickle's companions.
appears very clearly in the documents that Dr. But the same wonder would not be felt regard-
Mowry presents. It is stated in the letter, ing an extended study of Mary Stuart. As
already cited, written by Mr. Walker, just as with her personality in life, so with her memory
Dr. Whitman was leaving for the east, and and the problems surrounding her career and
repeated in the partial sanction that was given her fate : the charm is perennial.
it by the American Board. Dr. Whitman The most serious charges against the char-
himself states it in his letter to the Board acter of the Scottish queen are involved in the
written immediately after his return to Oregon, partial or complete authenticity of what are
and again in letters written shortly before his known as the “Casket Letters,” a series of
death in 1847. In all of these statements eight epistles which first came to light in the
the emigration was regarded solely from the hands of Balfour, Morton, and other Scotch
stand point of the missions, and not at all from lords hostile to Mary, on the 19th of June,
the standpoint of American interest in the four days after the so-called battle of Carberry
territory ; a fact wholly inconsistent with the Hill, where Mary was taken captive by her
theory that Whitman was so devoted to the
THE MYSTERY OF MARY STUART. By Andrew Lang.
national interests that he undertook his winter Illustrated. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co.


44
[Jan. 16,
THE DIAL
banded subjects. When produced, the letters mising of them all, is probably partly or alto-
were in a trunk-shaped box less than a foot gether a forgery, although there remain circum-
long, adorned with gold metal filagree. These stances indicating the authenticity of parts of
letters, the originals of which disappeared soon it. This letter, if admitted as genuine, would
after their production before the English Com prove Mary's connivance at the murder of
missioners who were examining the charges Darnley. Letters IV.-VIII. testify more or
against Mary, in December, 1568, were appar less clearly to Mary's amour with Bothwell,
ently without address, date, or signature. Mor and to her connivance in her own abduction
ton testified that the casket was taken by George and marriage with him. The authenticity of
Douglas from Dalgleish, a valet of Bothwell's, these letters Mr. Lang is less disposed to ques-
who revealed its existence and hiding-place tion, although he concedes the possibility that
under torture. Dalgleish had come into Edin. all of the eight are forged. If any forgery was
burgh a few days before June 19, 1567. | committed in connection with the letters, Mr.
Douglas and Dalgleish then took the casket to Lang inclines to lay it upon Lethington, whose
Morton, who kept it in his sole possession until duplicity and motives for such action he shows
next day, the 21st, and then opened it in the forth at length.
presence of various lords. No inventory was The “Casket Sonnets,” sometimes called
made of the contents of the casket, the docu Letter IX., are treated very summarily, ap.
ments were not marked, and no minute was parently because “ a distinguished historian is
made of the character of the contents, although occupied with a critical edition" of them. The
the assembled lords --- all hostile to Mary, and
all hostile to Mary, and suggestion that the letters, if forgeries, are
some of them privy to the murder of Darnley, based upon the sonnets ; that the sonnets were
others to the murder of Riccio - recognized the original documents found in the casket;
the letters as damaging to Mary. After this and that their tone and style were developed
examination, the letters were returned to the into the letters, with the addition of more in.
custody of Morton, who produced them eight- criminating details by the hostile lords, deserved
een months later before the English Commis a more extended discussion. Mr. Lang regards
sioners and declared that he had not altered the sonnets as much less open to suspicion of
them. Moray, who conducted the case against forgery than the letters, and at the same time
Mary, required the papers to be re-delivered finds a decided similarity between them, even
to Morton, various copies and translations hav to the phraseology. He even admits that the
ing been taken. Morton had possession of the suspicion we have mentioned " is suggested.”
casket (with the letters in it?) not long before On the whole, the chapters devoted to the
his death in 1581; it was heard of for a few discussion of the “ Casket Letters " succeed
years longer, and then disappeared from sight admirably in impressing the reader with the
forever. The supposed originals were never general untrustworthiness of all the people who
collated or examined critically by unprejudiced surrounded Mary, friend or foe. In this maze
experts, and their presentation before a com of intrigue, Mr. Lang sets himself the problem
mission when Mary was not present, either in of figuring out the probabilities of truth. He
person or by counsel, gives them no real value admits us to his study, and invites us to listen
as evidence that would stand before a civilized while he thinks aloud. He weighs this evidence,
court.
and rejects it; he considers that testimony,
The only form in which the letters exist to and admits that there may be something to it,
day is that of copies or translations, none of provided — ; he conjectures, he balances, he
which are duly certified as true copies. This puts himself in the place of both accusers and
throws the whole burden of the proof upon the defenders, he wrestles with the calculus of
internal evidence of the compositions, and this probabilities, until at last
is vitiated by the fact that the alleged original “ We feel as stupid from all of that
letters were produced from no one knows where,
As though we'd a mill-wheel under our hat."
by a mortal enemy of Mary, himself a murderer And the author himself is not far from
and unscrupulous perjurer; and were, even coming out “ at the same door where in he
after their production, left for months in his went,” - to wit, that Mary was more or less
irresponsible keeping.
guilty, but not so guilty as her enemies have
After a minute and ingenious examination said; and that her accusers are at least as
of this internal evidence, Mr. Lang inclines to bad as she.
the opinion that Letter II., the most compro In the opening chapters, describing “ The


1902.]
45
THE DIAL
Dramatis Personæ,” Mr. Lang is at his best.
STRIVINGS WITH SOCIAL PROBLEMS,*
Here we find once more the literary artist who
was buried under the rubbish of “ Pickle the One of the most important of the recent contri-
Spy.” It would be greatly desirable to have butions to our knowledge of society is Professor
an entire biography of Mary Stuart completed Ross's treatise on “Social Control.” It is a faller
in the style and the manner of these opening working out of the thoughts suggested in the author's
chapters. For instance, this description of the
articles published in the “American Journal of
Earl of Morton :
Sociology” during recent years. Since then, he
“ The son of the most accomplished and perfidious
has had excellent opportunity to observe the work-
scoundrel of the past generation, Sir George Douglas, ing of a system of control in vogue in California,
brother of Angus the brother-in-law of Henry VIII.,
and has made extensive studies in Europe. His
Morton had treachery in his blood. His father had particular field of investigation has been among
alternately betrayed England, of which he was a pen the Western European peoples and their descend-
sioner, and Scotland, of which he was a subject. By a ants in America and Australia. Among these most
perverse ingenuity of shame, he had used the sacred restless and individualistic of men he seeks to dis-
Douglas heart, the cognizance of the House, the cover the secret of “that degree of harmony we see
achievement granted to the descendants of Good Lord
about us." In general, this harmony is a fabric erect-
James, as a mark to indicate what passages in his trea-
sonable letters might be relied on by his English em-
ed by the community and imposed upon the individ-
ployers. In Morton's father and uncle had lived on
ual. But individuals are characterized by certain
the ancient inappeasable feud between Douglases and
qualities of adaptation to society. The first chapters
Stewarts, between the Nobles and the Crown. It was
are given to the consideration of these qualities,
a feud stained by murder under trust, by betrayal in
under the titles Sympathy, Sociability, Sense of
the field and perfidy in the closet. Morton was heir to Justice, and Resentment. Under favorable circum-
the feud of his family, and to the falseness. His stances, these qualities may produce a “natural
sanctimonious snuffle is audible still in his remark to order.” But this is far from perfect, and in course
Throckmorton, who asked to be allowed to see Mary in
of time “society invariably developes a certain
prison. Morton answered that the day being destined
measure of control over the individual.” The need
to the Communion, continual preaching, and common
prayer, they could not be absent, nor attend matters of
of control is shown by illustrations of life in new
the world.' . . . A red-banded murderer, living in open
settlements, and its methods are discussed under
adultery with the widow of Captain Cullen whom he
such titles as “Public Opinion,” “ Law," “Social
had banged, and daily consorting with murderers like Suggestion,
,” “ Art,” « Illusions,” etc. Social con-
bis kinsman Archibald Douglas, Morton approached the
trol is liable to abuses, suc as being used in the
Divine Mysteries. His private life was notoriously interests of a class; and even when properly directed,
profligate; he added avarice to his other and more it must be within reasonable limits, for “the art of
genial peccadilloes."
domesticating human beings may succeed only too
The fine plates with which this volume is well.”
liberally supplied add much to the author's The third of the studies undertaken by the Com-
ability to make the past re-live. But inasmuch mittee of Fifty for the Investigation of the Liquor
as there is not in existence a copy of the
Problem appears under the title “Substitutes for
“Casket Letters” in Mary's own hand, it is
the Saloon.” It is written by Mr. Raymond Cal.
kins, and is the most satisfactory of the three, in
not quite evident why the discussion is accom-
that it deals with more complex questions and a
panied with plates showing her authentic writ-
ing, with a fac simile of the MS. of the “ Casket *SOCIAL CONTROL. A Survey of the Foundations of Order.
By Edward Alsworth Ross, Ph.D. New York: The Mac-
Sonnets " which are not in Mary's hand, and millan Co.
a plate by a writing expert showing how Letter SUBSTITUTES FOR THE Saloon. By Raymond Calkins.
III. would look in Mary's hand.
Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
Corrections of a few typographical errors
THE SCIENCE OF PENOLOGY. The Defence of Society
against Crime. Collated and systematized by Henry M.
may be made: Page 2, for Marie Stuart read Boies. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
Maria Stuart; p. 11, for Henry VIII. read THE WORLD OF GRAFT. By Josiah Flynt. New York:
Henry VII. ; p. 330, 1. 11, after to’sc. be.
McClure, Phillips & Co.
BACK TO THE SOIL; or, From Tenement House to Farm
W. H. CARRUTH.
Colony. By Bradley Gilman. Illustrated. Boston: L. C.
Page & Co.
TOLSTOY AND HIS PROBLEMS. Essays by Aylmer Maude.
A LITTLE book entitled “How to Remember without
New York : A. Wessels Company.
Memory Systems or with Them” (F. Warne & Co.), by
SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS. Their Growth and Interconnection,
Eustace H. Miles, is a saner book than most that deal
Psychologically Treated. By Denton J. Snider, Litt. D.
with this topic. Though it contains a fair statement St. Louis : Selma Publishing Co.
of the psychology of memory and rational chapters of A DAY WITH A TRAMP, and Other Days. By Walter A.
advice, it does not rise sufficiently, either by originality Wyckoff. New York: Charles Scribner's Song.
or excellence of execution, above the average of its THE SOCIAL SPIRIT IN AMERICA, By Charles Richmond
class to call for extended remark.
Henderson. Chicago: Scott, Foresman & Co.


46
[Jan. 16,
THE DIAL
greater mass of material, by a logical method and the Soil,” by Mr. Bradley Gilman. A group of
in a lucid style. The references to the numerous wealthy men become interested in an attempt to
preliminary studies made in different cities, as a found a farm colony that shall possess all the ad-
basis for the work, and the extracts from their re vantages of city life without its evils. A tract of
ports, convince one of the care with which the land four miles square is obtained, and divided in
foundation has been laid. The book is a mine of such a way that all the houses may be built in a
information in regard to various lines of philan- circle about a central park and within a few rods
thropic work. But, better than that, the material of each other. With difficulty, families are induced
is so handled that one finds it most interesting to come from the city slums, and various industries
reading as well as a convenient book of reference. are established, including a market in the great city
And, best of all, one is impressed by the author's for the sale of Circle City products. This, it is
keen insight into the real significance of these thought, disposes of the industrial and economic
agencies of betterment, and his appreciation of the questions ; but the task of educating and socializing
reasons for their incomplete success. The first the people is more difficult to handle. Thoughts
and third chapters, entitled “ The Saloon as a Social will intrude of our thousands of country villages
Centre” and “ The Clubs of the People,” are par. with all the economic advantages of Circle City,
ticularly valuable as showing what the saloon really and nothing more.
is to the great bulk of its patrons. One feels himself “ Tolstoy and his Problems" is the title of a
in the place of the man at the bar, and is therefore series of essays by Aylmer Maude, bearing upon
in the best position to realize the practical value Tolstoy's personality and theories, and upon the
of the various “substitutes" that have been pro South African war. The author has enjoyed inti-
posed. This book is a necessity to all rational mate friendship with Tolstoy, and many of the
temperance workers ; indeed, it is difficult to see incidents of his daily life and his comments upon
how anyone interested in the betterment of society fellow-reformers are of interest. The tactical value
can afford to be without it.
of the doctrine of non-resistance seems to make it
In “ The Science of Penology,” Mr. Henry M. especially attractive to the author, as it gives him a
Boies has collated and systemized the modern
fine advantage over the English government and
doctrines pertaining to this subject. The author's the war Quakers.
official position has made it his duty to study care-
In “ Social Institutions” Mr. Denton J. Snider
fully the problems of crime and pauperism, and rounds out his work in psychology with an inter-
with this book he has filled a serious
gap
in pretation of the institutions of society in the terms
literature in these fields. Most of the recent pub- of the Hegelian School. Though the book is diffi-
lications have been more or less fragmentary studies cult reading, the author hopes to render it “intelli-
of the criminal's nature. These have had their gible to any reader who is willing to think a little.”
important influence in modifying the science, and This requires, however, "a given nomenclature
now Mr. Boies gives us an excellent statement of
which indicates in the word the connecting thought,'
its present position. The book ought to be of great and the exposition of this nomenclature occupies
value to all connected with prison administration, forty pages of the Introduction. The definition of
and it will certainly be valuable in college and uni institution is important: “Will is actualized in an
versity work
object which is itself Will, and this is a Will which
“ The World of Graft” is a collection of studies wills Will. Such an object which is existent in the
of the professional thief and swindler in his relation World as Will, whose end and purpose is to secure
to government, some of which have appeared from Will, is an institution.”
time to time in “McClure's Magazine.” Mr. Wil In "A Day with a Tramp, and Other Days,"
lard has been criticised for his persistent “spying Mr. Walter A. Wyckoff yields to the public clamor
upon the unfortunate,” but in this book it is less for more stories about the American workman, by
the unfortunate and more the rogue that is studied. filling in a few of the gaps in his published diary.
“Graft” is defined as the “generic slang term for
The remarkable reception of “The Workers" fully
all kinds of theft and illegal practices generally," warrants the publication of this appendix. It is
The grafter “may be a political boss, a mayor, a written in the same vivid style, and will make its
chief of police, a warden of a penitentiary, a mu readers still more eager to hear what the author has
nicipal contractor, a member of a town council, etc.” to say about his recent investigations in Europe.
It is this contingency that complicates municipal The appearance of the second edition of Pro-
administration. The public sometimes sets a rogue fessor Henderson’s “Social Spirit in America”
to watch a rogue, and each preys upon the other may well serve as an occasion for congratulating
and both upon the public. The evidence as to this the reading public upon its appreciation of this
condition is especially clear in the cases of New work. We have no wiser or more kindly leader in
York and Chicago, where the author's statements social betterment than the author, and certainly
seem to have been somewhat irritating to the police. such a book is one of the strongest forces that make
Another attempt to solve the problems growing for justice and improvement in society.
out of over-crowding in cities appears in “ Back to
GARRETT P. WYCKOFF.
our


1902.]
47
THE DIAL
RECENT AMERICAN POETRY.*
In its recent bicentennial celebration, Yale Uni-
versity was fortunate in more ways than one, but
in no way more fortunate than in numbering among
its sons the foremost of our living poets. It was
preordained in the fitness of things that Mr. Edmund
Clarence Stedman should be the poet of the occa-
sion, and that he should respond to the call with an
ode entirely worthy of himself and of his alma
mater. The “Mater Coronata,” recited by him
last October at New Haven, is a poem dignified and
severe almost to the point of bareness. It is un.
adorned by the minor rhetorical graces, but it is
weighty with thought and the burden of the highest
ideals of the spirit. Two stanzas occurring midway
in the poem may be taken to represent the quality
of the whole.
“No oracle betokened the obscure
Grim years encountering which the elders bowed,
Yet know not faintness nor discomfiture,
But set the buttress sure
That should upstay these tabernacles proud ;
“These fanes, that bred their patriot to vie
In steadfastness, erect of thought to live,
Or, when the country bade, undauntedly
Without lament to die
Save that he had but one young life to give."
There are twenty-seven of these stanzas in all,
* MATER CORONATA. Recited at the Bicentennial Cele-
bration of Yale University, XXIII. October, MDCCCCI., by
Edmund Clarence Stedman, L.H.D., LL.D. Boston: Hough-
ton, Mifflin & Co
POEMS AND INSCRIPTIONS. By Richard Watson Gilder.
New York: The Century Co.
A HERMIT OF CARMEL, and Other Poems. By George
Santayana. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
LINCOLN AND OTHER POEMs. By Edwin Markham. New
York : McClure, Phillips & Co.
THE LUTES OF MORN. By Clinton Scollard. Boston:
Privately Printed (Alfred Bartlett).
SONGS OF MY VIOLIN. By Alfred L. Donaldson. New
York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
GOD AND THE SOUL. A Poem. By John Lancaster
Spalding. New York: The Grafton Press.
THE FEAST OF THALARCHUS. A Dramatic Poem. By
Condé Benoist Pallen. Boston: Small, Maynard & Co.
WITH LEAD AND LINE along Varying Shores. A Book
of Poems by Charles Henry Webb (John Paul). Boston:
Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
AT THE SIGN OF THE GINGER JAR. Some Verses Gay
and Grave. By Ray Clarke Rose. Chicago : A. C. McClurg
& Co.
IN THE REALMS OF GOLD. A Book of Verse, 1891–1901.
By Lorenzo Sosso. San Francisco: D. P. Elder and Morgan
Shepard.
TURQUOISE AND IRON. By Lionel Josaphare. San Fran-
cisco : A. M. Robertson.
MARLOWE. A Drama in Five Acts. By Josephine Preston
Peabody. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
THE HEART OF THE ROAD, and Other Poems. By Anna
Hempstead Branch. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
THE CATHEDRAL, and Other Poems. By Martha Gilbert
Dickinson, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
SONNETS AND Songs. By Mary M. Adams. New York:
G. P. Putnam's Sons.
VERSES. By Dorothy King. Boston: Richard G. Badger
& Co.
THE DESTINY, and Other Poems. By Florence Brooks.
Boston: Small, Maynard & Co.
logically knit together for the unfolding of their
high argument.
Another of the small volumes of verse that are
collected every few years by Mr. Richard Watson
Gilder has just been published with the title,
“Poems and Inscriptions.” The poems are mostly
occasional, reminiscences of consecrated places,
and tributes to great men, such, for example, as
the piece inscribed to Beethoven, and suggested by
a visit to the house of the composer in Vienna.
“Here unto the bitter end abode
He who from pain wrought noble joy for men,
He who from silence gave the world to song ;
For in his mind an awful music rose
As when, in darkness of the under-seas,
Currents tremendous over currents pour.
He heard the soundless tone, its voice he was,
And he of vast humanity the voice,
And his the empire of the human soul."
The “ Inscriptions” of this volume were written
for the buildings of the Pan-American Exposition,
and are conceived in the spirit of a fine literary art.
The last of them is “To the statesmen, philosophers,
teachers, and preachers, and to all those who, in
the new world, have upheld the ideals of liberty
and justice, and have been faithful to the things
that are eternal."
Among the poets of the younger generation in
this country there are not more than three or four
whose achievement reaches the level of Mr. George
Santayana's work. In his new volume,“ A Hermit
of Carmel, and Other Poems,” he displays his
varied gifts — melody and mysticism, passion and
philosophy — in ampler measure than hitherto, and
wins the respect of all lovers of serious poetry. For
the title-poem and its sequel, dramatic in form
rather than in treatment, we care less than for the
lyrical numbers that follow. Of these, the very first
strikes the philosophical note most characteristic of
Mr. Santayana's work. The verse is of the brooding
sort, with a haunting and melancholy sweetness all
its own.
The poem is called “ Premonition.”
“The muffled syllables that Nature speaks
Fill us with deeper longing for her word;
She hides a meaning that the spirit seeks,
She makes a sweeter music than is heard.
"A hidden light illumines all our seeing,
An unknown lore enchants our solitude,
We feel and know that from the depths of being
Exhales an infinite, a perfect good.
“Though the heart wear the garment of its sorrow
And be not happy like a naked star,
Yet from the thought of peace some peace we borrow,
Some rapture from the rapture felt afar.
“Our heartstrings are too coarse for Nature's fingers
To wake her purest melodies upon,
And the harsh tremor that among them lingers
Will into sweeter silence die anon.
“ We catch the broken prelude and suggestion
Of things uputtered, needing to be sung;
We know the burden of them, and their question
Lies heavy on the heart, nor finds a tongue.
“Till haply, lightning through the storm of ages,
Our sullen secret flash from sky to sky,
Glowing in some diviner poet's pages
And swelling into rapture from this sigh,”


48
[Jan. 16,
THE DIAL
A sheaf of translations comes next after the lyrical It is a philosophical panorama of the historical
section of the volume, and includes examples of fortunes of Spain in both the old world and the
Michelangelo, Musset, and Gautier. Greatly dar now, and in it the Spanish blood of the author finds
ing, but justified of his venture, Mr. Santayana has expression in many proud imaginings.
translated Gautier's marvellous poem, “L'Art.” " By sloth and lust and mindlessness and pelf
We had thought that the paraphrase of Mr. Dob Spain sank in sadness and dishonour down,
son's " Ars Victrix" was the best that could be Each in her service serving but himself,
Each in his passion striking at her crown.
hoped for as a version of this poem in English, but
Not that these treasons blotted her renown
Mr. Santayana has given us a true translation, 80
Emblazoned higher than such hands can reach :
nearly perfect that we are lost in admiration of his There where she reaped but sorrow she has sown
skill.
We must quote the last part of this tour de
The balm of sorrow; all she had to teach
She taught the younger world - her faith and heart and
force, wishing that we had space for the whole.
speech.
“Show in their triple lobe
“And now within her sea-girt walls withdrawn
Virgin and Child, that hold
She waits in silence for the healing years,
Their globe
While where her sun has set another dawn
Cross-crowned and aureoled.
Comes from the north, with other hopes and fears.
- All things return to dust
Spain's daughters stand, half ceasing from their tears,
Save beauties fashioned well.
And watch the skies from Cuba to the Horn.
The bust
"What is this dove or eagle that appears,'
Outlasts the citadel.
They seem to cry, 'what herald of what morn
Hovers o'er Andes' peaks in love or guile or scorn ?'"
“Oft doth the ploughman's heel,
Breaking an ancient clod,
A characterization of Abraham Lincoln opens
Reveal
A Cæsar or a god.
the new volume of poems by Mr. Edwin Markham.
It yields such fine verses as these :
The gods, too, die, alas!
“The color of the ground was in him, the red earth;
But deathless and more strong
The tang and odor of the primal things —
Than brass
Remains the sovereign song.
The rectitude and patience of the rocks ;
The gladness of the wind that shakes the corn;
“ Chisel and carve and file,
The courage of the bird that dares the sea;
Till the vague dream imprint
The justice of the rain that loves all leaves ;
Its smile
The pity of the snow that hides all scars;
On the unyielding flint."
The loving-kindness of the wayside well;
The tolerance and equity of light
Translation can do nothing better than this, which
That gives as freely to the shrinking weed
must always stand as one of the supreme achieve As to the great oak flaring to the wind -
ments of its kind. Mr. Santayana's section of To the grave's low hill as to the Matterhorn
“ Convivial and Occasional Verses” reveals the
That shoulders out the sky."
poet in a new character. His touch is not quite The ring of these lines is rather rhetorical than
light enough for felicity in this manner, but we poetical, and this we find true of most of Mr.
have read with a good deal of satisfaction the story Man
Markham's work. He is so moved by social passion,
of “Young Sammy's First Wild Oats." The theme and so eager to proclaim the gospel of human
may be gathered from these remarks of the Deacon brotherhood that he confuses the boundary line be-
to the Doctor
tween the sermon and the song.
“Cousin Sammy's gone a-tooting
“ What do we need to keep the nation whole,
To the Creole County fair,
To guard the pillars of the State ? We need
Where the very sun's polluting
The fine audacities of honest deed;
And there's fever in the air.
The homely old integrities of soul;
He has picked up three young lasses,
The swift temerities that take the part
Three mulattoes on the mart,
Of outcast right - the wisdom of the heart;
Who have offered him free passes
Brave hopes that Mammon never can detain,
To their fortune and their heart.
Nor sully with his gainless clutch for gain."
One young woman he respected,
Admirable doctrine, no doubt, but not exactly poetry.
Vowed he only came to woo,
But his word may be neglected
When preaching becomes prophecy, we get much
Since he ravished the other two."
the same thing.
“Be constellated, star by circling star;
These, be it observed, are the antics of young
Give to all mortals justice and forgive:
Sammy, and there is a world of meaning in what License must die that liberty may live.
follows:
Let Love shine through the fabric of the State -
“Now he looks on outraged faces
Love deathless, Love whose other name is Fate.
And can laugh, defying God :
Fear not, we cannot fail -
He can stretch his hand, relieving,
The Vision will prevail,
And strike down a cheated slave.
Truth is the Oath of God, and, sure and fast,
Oh, if Uncle Sam were living,
Through Death and Hell holds onward to the last."
This would bring him to his grave!”
In two of these poems, “ The Angelus” and “The
This excellent fooling serves, as it were, to usher Sower,” Mr. Markham turns to the inspiration that
in the noble poem called “Spain in America," gave him the best-known of his pieces. This is
which occupies the penultimate place in the volume. from “ The Sower":
IT


1902.]
49
THE DIAL
3
“Not his the lurching of an aimless clod,
“The columned city that Herod fashioned,
For with the august gesture of a god –
That glistened white in the noonday blaze,
A gesture that is question and command —
Naught is left of its past impassioned
He hurls the bread of nations from his hand;
Save ghosts that wander its squalid ways.
And in the passion of the gesture flings
His fierce resentment in the face of kings."
"Never a sail nor a galley oaring
The shimmering reaches of liquid calm ;
We much doubt if the sower does anything of this
Only a watchful vulture soaring
sort. But the poetry of his act was once expressed
Over the crest of a lonely palm.
by Victor Hugo in lines of which Mr. Markham “But still the mountains, violet, vernal,
gives us only a faint echo.
And the brooding vales where the shepherds be,
“Pendant que, déployant ses voiles,
And the sun, in its equipoise eternal,
L'ombre, où se mêle une rumeur,
Looking down upon Galilee.
Semble élargir jusqu'aux étoiles
"And ever, to halo the desert places,
Le geste auguste du semeur."
By the spell of the girdling silence bound,
We are impelled to a closing comment by Mr.
The haunting thought of the face of faces,
Markham's line-
Of Him through whom this is holy ground.”
"The shy arbutus glimmers in the wood.”
From the late to the violin is a natural transition,
We do not wish to be hypercritical, but a poet is and so we come next to Mr. Alfred L. Donaldson's
bound to look to his accents, and the word “ arbu-
volume. These “Songs of My Violin ” are intro-
tus” has been greatly abused. Mr. Herbert Spencer duced by a “Prelude” that takes our thought back
speaks scornfully of the man who is not ashamed to
to the old instruments and their makers.
be ignorant of the Eustachian tubes, but who would
“For, as the sea-shells found along the shore
blush if caught saying “Iphigénia.” Now for such
Retain the echoes of the ocean's roar
a man we should feel sympathy rather than scorn.
And murmur with the music of the spheres -
One can be well-educated without knowing anything
So are old violins inlaid with song
of the Eustachian tubes, but ignorance concerning
Distilled of memories that throb and throng
Athwart their dream-life of a thousand years."
the pronunciation of “Iphigénia” betokens a vital
defect of culture.
To eacb string of the violin the writer's fancy has
Mr. Clinton Scollard is a poet who needs no in-
assigned a characteristic color, G being silver, D
troduction ; his eight volumes of verse have already string announces its own character, and at once
red, A white, and E gold. Then the spirit of each
secured for him a high place among our writers of
taste and refinement.
breaks into song. Thus the E string, heralded very
A ninth volume is “ The
Lutes of Morn,” beautifully printed in a private properly by an excerpt from the “ Rheingold,” in-
and limited edition.
spires the following verses :
“Hold them, I pray you, not in utter scorn,
“From a golden isle, in the sunset sea,
These broken echoes of the Lutes of Morn!”
I bring a golden gift for thee.
In the wondrous island a fairy dwells,
he adjures his readers, with greater modesty than
Where earthly sighs are asphodels.
is needful. The volume contains ballads, lyrics, and
At a spinning-wheel, spinning all day long,
sonnets, all upon Oriental themes, marked by rich
She weaves the sunshine into song.
And she spins it straight into magic strings
coloring and graceful diction.
For harps through which the zephyr sings
“Orchards stretch their bloomy span
When it sighs through heaven the hour of rest
Round the walls of Hamadan;
The mild-voiced curfew of the West.
Purples deepen on the grape ;
One of these she sends as a gift for thee;
Lyric brooks make blithe escape ;
A golden, sunbeam-woven 'E'!"
Yet are all the glories gone
That the lord of Macedon
A few “Stray Songs and Sonnets," upon musical
Saw, ere drew the orgy on,
and other themes, complete the contents of this col-
And the Bacchic revel ran
lection. We are a little startled by the symbolism of
Round the walls of Hamadan."
This is the kind of verse that Mr. Aldrich used to
“Begotten 'neath the sign of three glad sharps,
From its blue cradle in the Key of A,
give us, with more, perhaps, of fancy, but less of The firstling chord is weaned and launched in air,"
actuality, in the days when he was still a man of but the author assures us that his arbitrary as-
letters. We must quote in full Mr. Scollard's verses, sumptions have no serious philosophy underlying
* By the Waters of Galilee."
them.
"The wind is low in the oleanders,
The Bishop of Peoria has a deserved reputation
Softly stirring the rosy sea;
Out from the hill a rill meanders
as a writer of graceful and scholarly essays, uphold-
Down to the waters of Galilee.
ing the highest ideals of thought and conduct; but as
"A burning blazon of blue enamels
a poet he is less widely known. His volume entitled
The rainless heaven that arches o'er;
“God and the Soul" is a sonnet-sequence of the
And Druses drowse by their crouching camels,
spiritual life, divided into four books, each of which
Where meadows dip to the shingly shore.
is prefaced by three or four lyrical preludes. A
“Crumbling walls that the hyssop clings to,
characteristic sonnet, fairly representative of its
Such is Magdala's glory now;
And the only ear that the cuckoo sings to
nearly two hundred fellows, is the one called
Is that of the mate on the carol bough.
“ Transformation."
.


50
[Jan. 16,
THE DIAL
"When throagh long years we watch the setting sun, Verse ” of a dozen years ago. It is a warm-hearted
As day by day he passes from our sight,
book of wit and tenderness, of unpretentious effort
Leaving repose and blessings of the night,
and genuine feeling. Here is a specimen fragment:
Sweet as the rest that comes when work is done,
Peaceful as heart of meditative nun,
“Of all the ages ever known,
Our souls are dyed in the soft, sober light,
Of Brass or Bronze, of Brick or Stone,
Until they glow like Alpine mountain height
The blackest and the worst, I think,
Bathed in rich hues, when night all else has won.
Is this pestiferous Age of Ink.
In volume vast the torrent pours,
“So they, whose thought to God is ever near,
Its volumes blocking all outdoors ;
Grow like Him, luminous, pure, and serene,
And fed and fattened as it flows
They live in worlds where all is calm and clear
With verses scanned and potted prose,
As cloudless skies and windless streams between,
Though all would dam it, - and some do, –
They walk the solemn shores of time, and hear
The Deluge still is après nous."
The waves break on eternal shores unseen.
Most of these pieces are personal or occasional, and
This elevation of soul is maintained no mean
achievement—throughout the entire series of Bishop trated by the closing stanzas of the tribute paid to
their felicitous lightness of touch may be well illus-
Spalding's sonnets. They are open to the complaint Mr. Stedman a year ago, when the veteran poet
of diffuseness, of uneven execution, and of a too
facile diction, but their spirituality is unfailing, and
was the guest of honor at the Authors' Club.
they must take a high place in the class of religious
“Yet if one have a catboat, dear,
Instead of a balloon,
and meditative verse to which they belong. They
Without some friendly slant of wind
seem to us quite as good, for example, as the poems
One cannot make the moon.
of “ The Christian Year."
So, while all other brows and ears
With laurel thou dost twine,
.The Feast of Thalarchus," by Mr. Condé
Although they be less prominent,
Benoist Pallen, is a dramatic poem of the early
Oh, please remember mine.
days of Christianity. Thalarchus, feasting with
“And I will drink, when I get where
his sensual crew at Antioch, is vouchsafed a vision
There's something fit to drink,
of Simeon upon his pillar, beset by the demons who
Instead of stuff as thin as though
strive to possess the soul of the saint. The spectacle
Each author brought his ink
moves Thalarchus to the depths of his soul, and, as
A cup to him who from his heart
Pours Poesy's choicest wine,
one in a trance, he beseeches Simeon to pray for
And as a critic never wrote
him, the companions of his orgy meanwhile regard-
Or thought-one unkind line."
ing him with mingled wonder and amusement. The
devotion of Simeon avails both to repulse the de-
Our second volume of fanciful and sentimental
mons and to reclaim the soul of Thalarchus, who, verse is Mr. Ray Clarke Rose's “At the Sign of
awakening from his stupor, proclaims his conver the Ginger Jar” a title that will be familiar to
sion. There are both poor and good verses in this
readers of a certain Chicago newspaper, in whose
poem. For the former we may take the lines : columns many of these pieces first saw the light.
“Daintiest meats unknown
Their merit is much above the average of news-
In this our Antioch before, to spur
paper poetry, and the approved masters of vers de
The jaded appetites of ancient revellers ;
société might have been glad to sign them. A
Succulent dishes dressed by so rare art
pretty trifle is "Dolly in the Rain."
That sated gluttons shall hunger at the sight;
Such subtle witcheries for eye and ear
“When Dolly tiptoed in the rain
That they shall swoon with giddy surfeit; Beauty
The shameless sun peeped out to see -
So prodigal of all her charms that Venus'
Well, certain charming things were plain
Self would stale upon the general eye.”
When Dolly tiptoed in the rain !
I peeped out too, but with disdain
As an offset to this specimen of slovenly workman-
The saucy maiden glanced at me.
ship, we will select a passage from Simeon's song
When Dolly tiptoed in the rain
of praise.
The shameless sun peeped out to see."
"And so the whole round world
And the respondent heavens, O Lord, utter
No less dainty, but a shade more serious, are the
Thy glory and make manifest thy praise !
two quatrains called “Star Tracks."
For thine the gentle silence of the night,
“Alone in bed at night I lie
And thine the softness of the balmy air,
And watch the stars that dot the sky;
And thine the sweet refreshment of repose
They are so yellow and so bright
And strength renewed in man and beast and fowl;
I call them daisies of the night.
And thine the glory of the golden moon,
And all the splendour of the rising sun
“When day returns I step abroad
Shedding the benediction of its light
To view the wondrous works of God,
Upon the waking world.”
And yellow daisies, as I pass,
Shine out like stars upon the grass."
By way of contrast to the unrelieved seriousness
of the two volumes just noticed, we now take up Mr. Rose has produced a very charming volume,
two volumes of verse in lighter vein. Mr. Charles delicate in sentiment, and graceful in expression.
Henry Webb’s “ With Lead and Line along Vary-Fifty other examples might be quoted that are
ing Shores ” is a worthy successor to his “ Vagrom | quite as good as the two we have chosen.


1902.)
51
THE DIAL
The far West now claims our attention with two her “ Fortune and Men's Eyes” she set speech
volumes of verse, and we are recalled to more se upon the lips of Shakespeare. In this tragedy of
rious moods. “In the Realms of Gold,” by Mr. “Marlowe," we have the figure of the fiery-hearted
Lorenzo Sosso, is a very serious book indeed, and poet, glowing with the passion for perfection which
its themes are of the highest — God and the human made him solitary even when surrounded by his
soul. There is nothing very striking in the volume ; boon companions. Greene, Peele, Lodge, and Nash
its contents are of a kind that a hundred minor all appear, and Richard Bame, of evil memory.
poets are putting forth every year. A favorable The play begins with the success of “Faustus,"
example is this pleasing but not distinguished trib and ends with Marlowe's death in the tavern at
ute to “The Morning Star."
Deptford. He engages in the brawl with Francis
“I thrill with joy to view afar
Archer, but is made to die by his own hand, his
The pale resplendent morning star:
indignant spirit gladly escaping from a world in
Radiant within the pearl-gray skies
which the fairest-seeming things are the most de-
Before the burning sun arise,
As each wan flower is glistening,
ceitful, in which hypocrisy and insincerity are the
As early birds begin to sing,
passports to success. The scene in the third act
It seems some vestal pure and fair
with Her Ladyship, the woman of rank in whose
Within God's vast cathedral there.
love he had once believed, offers the fine passage
"It is the star in all the host
which we here reproduce.
Of stars that I still love the most;
“O Helena,
The star of hope, the star of love,
How cheaply at the last you sell your God !
Who in those regions pure above,
Thirty pieces of silver, I had sworn
Seems in its passionless repose
Would be too little. Ah, but not for you.
Like to a white and virgin rose
Not even with a kiss, but with a lie,
Placed by a seraph on that shrine
You shew me how you rate Him, — all of you !
Whose holy incense blends with mine."
I waited for the reason. There had been
Our other Californian is Mr. Lionel Josaphare, A chance to make you glorious with some truth, -
and his book has the strange name, “ Turquoise
And me to blink at unaccustomed gold :
A brave I love you not, - I wish you gone!' -
and Iron.” The explanation quickly follows, and Such valor of the devil as he respects!
this is its fashion :
But this poor coinage of an outcast metal,
“The innocently azure skies allure,
Stamped with God's image! Ha, deny Him, I ?
Like turquoise hopes above an iron world.
What have I seen of Him that I should know
In happy passion or in mood obscure,
Where He is or is not? I have searched the mire,
The innocently azure skies allure,
And found Him not, indeed ; and for such temples
But, oh! when toiling toward a vision pure,
As Holy Writ would have it that He dwells in,
The beaten body to the earth is hurled,
Look you, how cold and empty! Cold, not pure.
The innocently azure skies allure,
No flame of heaven or hell, -no fire at all.
Like turquoise hopes above an iron world.”
Deny Him, I? And thou, dost thou affirm ? -
Living denial ! - Gentle blasphemy!
The principal poem in this volume is called “The
Will you begone? Nay, hear my parting word.
Winged Heart.” In the second stanza, this heart Unmask you, Helen. — Truly you must go
is addressed as a “bleeding ace.” A later stanza
The way of dreams. Will you believe you live?
is the following:
No, no, I think not, no indeed, not you!
“Still the living, living soul
The fire burns out and leaves the ashes there,
Pines within its human hole.
The cock crows and the spirits must begone.
I took you for a Woman, thing of dust,
And, without the boldened knife,
Sits that hideous, tortured thing, that tortured cripple, hu-
1-I who showed you first what you might be!
man life.
But see now, you were hollow all the time,
A piece of magic. Now the air blows in,
'Tis a serpent's fangy jole,
And you are gone in ashes. Well, begone!
And the foldings of its tail still in the cursed future roll.
Ashes to ashes, dust to dust! - Nay, go."
And here seek I to explain
Why my haunted crisscross brain
This heartless woman whose falsity makes of all life
In this manor should be dwelling while my heart flies in the a hideous mockery to the poet is effectively con-
rain.'
trasted with the gentle Kentish maiden whose pure
This poet should give his “crisscross brain ” a rest.
memory saves for him some remnant of his faith
His unregulated imaginings are much too ambitious. in mankind. She is an exquisite figure, limned with
Why, we wonder, do these California poets put their delicate art. We have read Miss Peabody's play
portraits in their volumes.
-every word of it - with genuine pleasure. The
Some months ago, we found Christopher Mar- poetry and character of the historical Marlowe have
lowe in a historical romance, and now he is pre-
always seemed to us to provide a sort of touchstone
sented to us in a five-act tragedy, the work of Miss of taste and judgment; who loves the one and under-
Josephine Preston Peabody. It is a daring thing stands the other cannot go very far astray either in
to follow in the footsteps of Horne, whose « Mar- poetical appreciation or in human sympathy.
lowe" is known to all lovers of English poetry, a “ The Heart of the Road, and Other Poems,” by
daring thing to embody the soul of
Migs Anna Hempstead Branch, is a volume of
"Oar morning star, sole risen before the sun," serious lyrics, touched by mysticism, and expressive
in any form of imaginative composition. But Miss of an abstract mode of thought. They seem to
Peabody has been venturesome before this, for in derive in some measure from Rossetti, although the


52
[Jan. 16,
THE DIAL
:
97
inspiration is not always as evident as in “The
Watch-Tower of the Soul," for example.
“I will be silent in my soul
Since God has girt me round
With His own silences in which
There is no space for sound.
Only His voice perchance may drop
Like dew upon the ground.
“I will be silent and will lean
Myself into all space.
Love, didst thou think in all this life
That thou couldst touch my face?
Nay, for God bade that I should turn
Unto Himself for grace."
This archaic mannerism and affectation of naïveté
has to be very well done indeed to be convincing.
Miss Branch's verses become a little monotonous,
but they have a good deal of the poetic spirit and
much subtlety of rhythmical effect.
Miss Dickinson’s new volume opens with “ The
Cathedral," a poem in sections, providing a sort of
poetic inventory of a cathedral, from the chimes to
the cloister close.“ The High Altar,” for example,
is thus celebrated :
"A throne with King invisible, that stands
For deathless dynasties not made with hands,
Founded on certainty of things unseen,
Whose law is perfect and whose fear is clean.
Whose sovereign majesty doth condescend
Unto the lowliest of them who bend
Far down beneath upon the humblest stair,
Submissive subjects of the altar's care."
Miss Dickinson's poems are nearly all inspired by a
rather vague religious sentiment, and their expres-
sion is too strained to be effective. Her interpreta-
tion of natural beauty seems to us
iner than her
religious philosophizing. The really beautiful
“ Vale!” may be given as an illustration of her
work at its best.
“Now let the frosty sentence pass !
For I have garnered astors in my soul,
To blur with sentiment the stolid year,
Beyond the largess of their purple dole.
And I have wrung the life-blood from the hours,
Forgot old pain amid the russet wold,
Steeped love in azure and immensity,
And burned regret in scarlet and in gold.
Ventured the circle of the hazel witch,
And claimed of gusty winds rough brotherhood –
And buried in my heart a rain-wet path
That led to sunset lurid through a wood.
Amid gray embers one hot hope is let -
A torch unto a royal memory,
And through the benison of dying leaves
Blows my consent unto the chill decree.
Now is all prophecy fulfilled !
Thy rustling footfall, Autumn, bear thee soon
Within the dim, unmeasured hills of Time
Led by the waning of the hunter's moon!”
The “Sonnets and Songs ” of Mrs. Charles Ken-
dall Adams make up a volume of verse that marks
a distinct advance upon the author's earlier “Choir
Invisible.” The new poems are richer in content
and more flexible in style than the old ones were.
Since the sonnet is the form chiefly favored by
Mrs. Adams, we select a sonnet for our illustration,
one equally fine in thought and in expression. It
is called “Cuba to the United States."
“Is thine the land that bore the honored name
Of Washington ? — the land where Lincoln died ?
Counting the cause of freedom sanctified
So long as earth shall glorify the fame?
Look to it that thou smother not the flame
They kindled, lest it be in time denied,
And all their lofty leading thus defied,
The womb that bore them know a bastard's shame!
“I stand with outstretched arms and bleeding heart,
As in the name of 'LibertyI plead;
Arise ! and fear alone the envenomed dart
That searcheth, worse than death, ignoble deed;
Yea, read on tombs of those who died for Right,
No bloodless sword did yet a tyrant smite."
Something like half a hundred of these sonnets
make up a sort of cycle upon Shakespearian themes
and characters, and are characterized by insight
and sympathetic feeling alike.
Miss Dorothy King's “ Verses” are very simple
things indeed, and make up a modest sheaf of about
twoscore pages.
“First Notes of Spring” is a
pretty bit of song.
“Little brown buds on the lilac-bushes,
Curling leaves where the tulips wake,
Glimpses of green from sleeping jonquils,
Chirpings sweet which the sparrows make.
“Tinkling sounds where the brooks are playing,
Brilliant moss where the gray stones lie,
Golden gleams from a happy crocus
Greeting the Spring with ecstacy.
“Soothing breath of the warm winds blowing,
Twitt'ring music the robins sing,
Then, with its thrill of perfect beauty,
Comes the flash of a blue-bird's wing.'
Last on our present list comes “ The Destiny,
and Other Poems,” by Miss Florence Brooks. The
title-poem is a set of lyrics loosely strong together,
in which we have vainly sought for a unifying
principle. The best of the lyrics is this :
"The body is not, love, save for the soul;
Dumb is the flesh and dead.
Thy essence is elusive as the scroll
Woven and formed and fled
When the blue waves of forest smoke unroll
Their tendrils overhead.
“I have grown sacred, love, because of you,
Because of these blest hours;
And wine is as my mouth, and honey-dew
My tears, and many flowers
My flesh, and all my veins the heaven's blue, –
The chrism of love is ours."
Aside from the difficulty of picturing a wave with
tendrils, these stanzas are not bad. An “Ode to
the Mountains" is one of the more ambitious pieces
in this collection, and we quote the opening stanzas :
“ The dreaming mountains lie athwart the plain
In plentitude of pride and distant calm;
Their grandeur is a psalm
Of vaster harmonies than human tongue
Creates to voice its pain —
A lovely anthem from their inmost caverns sprung.
“Yet far within that lofty wooded height
Are sweet and sacred haunts my soul may see,
Unknown, forever free
From profanation of the blinded crowd
That struggles in the night
Below the towering summit's earthward drooping cloud."
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.


1902.)
53
THE DIAL
A traveller in
As a
of men
through whose efforts music was introduced into
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
the public schools of Boston. He displayed his
A man who, thirty years ago, was fondness for music at an early age, and was sent
Western wilds able, in addition to other journeyings, abroad to obtain a musical education, intending to
thirty years ago. to traverse the United States from study under Moscheles, Hauptmann, and Richter.
north to south along the line of La Salle's travels Through the misunderstanding of a letter, he did
in the seventeenth century, and again from east to not begin his instruction with Liszt until four
years
west along the line of De Soto's and Cabeza de later; he gives a very careful account of his first
Vaca's wanderings in the previous century, must lesson with the great composer, and explains the
have a story to tell. Such a story Mr. Paul Fountain characteristics of Liszt's method. In his chapter
has attempted in “The Great Deserts and Forests on “Music in America To-day,” he says: “Enormous
of North America " (Longmans). As a tale of progress in the art and science of music has been
adventure, the work might have been greatly im made in America since I began my studies in
proved by giving it somewhat more of human in Germany in 1849. ... The time has gone by when
terest and paying more regard to personal episodes it was necessary for students of the piano to go
which must have been of a thrilling nature. abroad to complete a musical education. There
book of travel, it could have been made more in are now teachers of the piano of the first rank in
forming if the writer had taken the trouble to all our principal cities, who secure better results
identify his routes upon some map of modern date, with American pupils than foreign teachers do, be-
and thus have adopted a more acurate geographical cause they have a better understanding of our
nomenclature ; and also if his recorded impressions national character and temperament.” Though the
white, black, and red
had been more few original musical exercises included in the book.
generally correct. But the book is evidently not appear at a casual glance to be simple, they are the
intended to serve either as a tale of adventure or result of long and laborious study. In fact, through-
a book of travel. The writer's chief incentive in out the work the strong musical bent of the author's
making these extensive journeys far away from the mind is very marked. It is not alone the nice
haunts of men was an intense love for natural his- | points, the apices juris of interpretation and con-
tory. While not technically a naturalist, – a fact struction, that he cares about or closely examines ;
which he frequently deplores,— he yet made copious it is rather the broad general principles which lie,
notes of his close observations of natural phenomena ; or ought to lie, at the basis of all interpretation.
and these would be of great value at the present Dr. Mason has numbered among his friends a long
time, when such a widespread popular interest is line of celebrities, and he writes about many of the
taken in the various branches of natural history, great musicians in a reminiscent manner, though
were it not that they must be used with great there is a plentiful intersprinkling of criticism which
caution. For there are abundant opportunities for serves to illuminate the record and give it propor-
errors to creep into a transcription of notes made tion. The illustrations, which are “ tipped in
more than a quarter of a century since, however different paper from the text and printed frequently
accurate those notes may have been in the first in in the faded color of the original manuscript, are
stance. The author has had frequent occasion to remarkably interesting; they include many repro-
correct himself by means of footnotes and append-ductions of autographs from the author's musical
ices, and the reader will discover many instances album, including manuscript music written by
where errors have escaped his attention. The value Wagner, Joachim, Berlioz, Rubinstein, Greig,
of the notes, even when correct, might have been Schumann, and others. On the whole, the make-up
enhanced had the book been furnished with an in of the book is in harmony with its interesting con.
dex. Mr. Fountain is an Englishman, and has tents.
written for English readers; and his book is, un-
Prof. Brander Matthews has chosen
fortunately, likely to perpetuate erroneous ideas Popular essays
on the English
regarding America and the Americans already too
an apt title for his recent volume of
language.
widely held among English stay-at-homes.
essays upon the English language
(Scribner). “Parts of Speech” – the phrase is
Dr. William Mason, of New York, suggestive of endless exercises in parsing and dia-
Memories of an
has the distinction of being the dean gramming," of all the dull abstractions of the old-
of the musical profession in America. time grammar lesson. With this connotation in
For over fifty years he has been closely associated mind the reader is prepared fully to appreciate the
with musical affairs in this country and abroad; leaven in the new idea of the parts of speech: the
and in his “Memories of a Musical Life” (Cen-conception which interprets the phrase literally,
tury Co.) he writes frankly, yet from a professional and which Mr. Matthews is doing much to popu-
standpoint, of the development of music during the larize. As he himself states it in his prefatory
second half of the nineteenth century. Dr. Mason note, his purpose in almost all these essays is to
was born in Boston on January 24, 1829, the son show that the English language belongs to the
of Lowell Mason — widely known as the composer peoples who speak it — that it is their own precious
of hymn tunes and sacred melodies, and the man possession, to deal with at their pleasure and at
>
on
eminent musician.


54
[Jan. 16,
THE DIAL
work on the
gence.”
their peril.” This thesis
that “a language grows provides an analytical account of the series of the
and is not made,” that the many speakers, and not music-dramas, from “ Rienzi” to “Parsifal,” with
the few writers, of English, are the court of last the sources of their plots, the architectonics of their
resort, not to be moved by the over-academic dramatic structure, and the significance of their
scruples of “pedagogues and pedants," — he dis musical themes. The illustrations of the volume
cusses in many of its implications. He shows how are a portrait of the composer and a large number
slang phrases and now words lose their plebeian of illustrative passages in musical notation. The
associations when one realizes that the language is work is highly satisfactory in all respects, and,
a living organism whose rehabilitation by means of while we cannot say that it supersedes its predeces-
these very despised neologisms is necessary to its sors, it certainly supplements them in a way that
literary power and vigor. Then, if the language fully justifies its existence.
is a race product, the character of “the stock that
speaks it” becomes a vital matter, and its future in An elementary
Surely no one can feel, in presenting
England and the United States a legitimate and
a fresh popular work bearing upon
interesting field for speculation. The consideration
French Revolution, the French Revolution, that he is
of the linguistic ideals of the English race, whose filling a long-felt want. There must needs be much
basal motive seems to have been a desire for ef. fresh material, or much novelty in treatment, to
fective simplicity, leads to discussions, first of the warrant such a production at this time; and yet we
logical method of naturalizing foreign words, and
find neither the one nor the other in the elementary
then of the consideration due to the spelling reform sketch entitled “ The Last Days of the French
movement. The ground covered in these essays,
Monarchy" (Macmillan), by Miss Sophia H. Mac-
However familiar to the linguistic expert, will be Lehose. To quote from the preface, the work is
new and inviting to many readers. Particularly intended “to enable the reader to approach the
will teachers of secondary English who have made more important histories with interest and intelli-
no systematic study of historical English grammar
The book's sole title to distinction, in
find this popular exposition of the principles under competition with the many similar works upon the
lying the science of language of the greatest interest market, is its wealth of illustration. The repro-
and value.
ductions of old cuts and paintings are both inter-
esting and well done, and together with excellent
The life
In “ Richard Wagner: His Life and typography and presswork serve to make a very
and work
His Dramas" (Patnam) Mr. W. J.
pretty book. Probably the author would assert
of Wagner.
Henderson has sought “to supply also that a service had been rendered in the multi-
Wagner lovers with a single work which shall meet
tude of footnotes cited as references to the body of
all their needs.” A glance at the literature of the
the text. In reality, profuse use of footnotes is
subject already accessible in English will serve to
necessary and excusable only in a technical mono-
place Mr. Henderson's book among its possible graphic work on a new or controverted topic, as in
competitors. First of all, we had the translation of
a voluminous exhaustive production; in either of
Nohl's compact biography. Then came Mr. Finck's
which cases, the citations serve as the proof of
elaborate two-volume work. More recently, we
statements made or arguments advanced. The
bave had the rather slight performance of Mr. lack of any distinctive feature in style, treatment,
Lidgey, and an English translation of M. Lavig-
or contents precludes any critical review. In short,
pac's exhaustive treatise. Of other books about
the book presents the facts ordinarily stated, in the
Wagner, dealing with parts of his work or aspects
manner customary with a score of other works of
of his genius, there have been many, but those
like scope. It closes with 1788 and is preliminary
above mentioned are, as far as we can remember, to the Revolution itself, which is to be considered
the only ones that in any way dispute the field with
in a succeeding volume.
Mr. Henderson. The two brief accounts may be
dismissed because they are brief; Mr. Finck's work
An English
Mr. Edmond Holmes, the author of
is mainly biographical and critical, not supplying poet's view of a subtle essay on poetry, and of a
such analyses as are given by Mr. Henderson; M.
volume of poems as well, has written
Lavignac's work alone has a purpose and a plan an elaborate essay on “Walt Whitman's Poetry "
closely similar to those of the work now under con (Lane), and accompanied it with about fifty pages
sideration. We should find it difficult to advise the of selections from the “Leaves of Grass." Mr.
lover of Wagner, restricted to a single book, be Holmes is of those who admire Whitman judi-
tween these two; we should rather cut the Gordian ciously, with discrimination between the finer and
knot by telling him to procure them both. Mr. the baser aspects of his expression, finding much
Henderson's work is a treatise of five hundred dross in the melting-pot into which the poet cast
pages, painstaking and scholarly in execution, and the product of his imagination, but finding also the
more temperate in its judgments than are the books pure metal underneath. The substance of the wri-
of most Wagnerian enthusiasts. Rather less than ter's criticism is found in the following passage:
half of the contents are given up to biography and “Sometimes we find ourselves in the middle of plain,
artistic characterization. The other and larger half inoffensive prose without quite knowing how we got there.
Walt Whitman.
..


1902.)
55
THE DIAL
-
-
late Dr. Everett
Sometimes there is a sudden descent from lofty heights to
Leaders of
In tune with the times is Mr. James
ignominious depths. Sometimes a momentary plunge into
finance and Burnley's "Millionaires and Kings
the commonplace or the grotesque mars the movement of an
industry.
otherwise beautiful passage. But through all its ups and
of Enterprise” (Lippincott), with
downs the form of Whitman's poetry suits itself admirably its fifty or more brisk sketches of leading Amer.
to the matter, or rather to the spirit. The want of harmony ican financiers and captains of commerce. The
and rhythm is quite as much inward as outward. A chaotic English authorship of the book lends it an added
philosophy - a philosophy which does its best to give back to
the void and formless Infinite all that Time has won from
interest to us, and it must be admitted that full
it'- is fitly mirrored in a formless outward form."
justice has been done to the American spirit of
Throughout the essay, Whitman's artistic dualism alertne88, energy, and progress. Compiled under
is brought into prominence - "consciously and
the auspices of the Messrs. Harmsworth, the volume
theoretically, he is the poet of democratic equality,
bears witness to its journalistic origin in the pith
– and therefore of chaos ; unconsciously, and in
and point that characterize its chapters. All that
spite of himself, he is the poet of the ideal.” The
the curious need to know about Mr. Morgan and
writer believes that “the poet, pure and simple,
Mr. Rockefeller and Mr. Carnegie, and half a
will be remembered and honoured when the socio-
hundred other "kings of enterprise" now prominent
political prophet has been forgotten, or, if remem-
in the public eye, is agreeably set forth in pages
bered, has fallen into disesteem.” In making his
In making his fairly bristling with figures, usually running up
selections, which occupy less space than the essay
into the millions, preceded by the pound-sterling
itself, Mr. Holmes has sought to give us only the
sign. In tastefulness of binding, in wealth of full-
best of Whitman. More than half of his pages are
page portraiture and other illustration, and in ex-
occupied with the three great pieces : “ When lilacs
cellence of paper and print, this cyclopædia of
last,” “Out of the cradle endlessly rocking,” and
contemporary plutocracy almost rises to the dignity
the “ Passage to India."
of literature. Even the most unworldly will be
tempted to linger over its wonderful tales of mate-
Maurice Hewlett's Nothing but praise awaits the New
rial achievements.
"Nexe Canterbury Canterbury Tales” (Macmillan) of
Tales.”
Mr. Maurice Hewlett. Alone among
The late Dean of the Harvard Di.
Essays by the
the writers of the day, perhaps, is he competent to
vinity School, Dr. C. C. Everett, has
add to the work of Chaucer without doing violence
of Harvard.
been such a power in the world of
to the literary convention of that early time. In thought during the present generation, that a
plan and treatment he has followed his original posthumous collection of his writings is sure of a
closely, assembling his party together under the cordial reception. The twelve “Essays Theological
leadership of the Prioress of Ambresbury in the and Literary” (Houghton) exhibit a well-defined
royal city of Winchester on Mayday in the year of uni
unity, the theological ones being philosophical rather
grace 1450, on their way to do pious duty at the than dogmatic, and the literary ones being devoted
shrine of St. Thomas á Becket at Canterbury. They to revealing the same spiritual ideas imbedded in
were only five days on their journey, in which time the poetry of Emerson, Goethe, Tennyson, and
six tales are told by the miscellaneous company Browning. From the author's point of view, phil.
under the headship of the noble Prioress, after a osophy and poetry are very much akin. He finds
delightful prologue has introduced a little romance in Tennyson and Browning two of the great spiritual
of its own by way of providing the necessary links forces of our century, presenting together the higher
between the several stories. The Scrivener of the life in its fulness, doing together what no one singer
party tells of “ The Countess Alys,” that good wo-
could have accomplished. Emerson is the repre-
man for whom the Order of the Garter was sentative optimist of the age, behind whom the
founded; Captain Salomon Brazenhead, veteran of preacher has shrewdly entrenched himself; while
Italian wars, discloses the tragic history of “ The no literary work strikes its roots so deep into our
Half-Brothers,” drawn from the annals of Venice modern thought and life as Goethe's "Faust.” The
and Milan; the Prioress herself takes the pathetic keen critical analysis with which these points are
legend of “St. Gervase of Plessy” from some developed attest their philosophical as well as literary
"Lives of the Saints ” unknown to others; Master value.
Richard Smith, a shipman of Hull, discourses upon
Under the title of “ Animals ” (H. S.
A book of
" The Cast of the Apple,” an episode on the Welsh
Stone & Co.) Mr. Wallace Rice has
border; and young Percival Perceforest recounts a
prepared a popular natural history
merry little comedy of errors, styled “Eugenio and of mammals, - especially such mammals as have
Galeotto," with its scene alternating between Venice not been domesticated by man. The book aims to
and Mantua. All these are in prose, like Chaucer's give an accurate and succinct survey of the distin-
"Parson's Tale” and “The Tale of Melibæus"; guishing characters and habits of those representa-
and all most successfully avoid the introduction of tive wild beasts which are more generally known,
modern thought and feeling, though not modern and are often seen in menageries and in zoological
phrasing. Nothing in recent years gives more gardens, or preserved in museums. The descrip-
promise of literary permanence than Mr. Hewlett's tive matter is well chosen, and affords instructive
latest book.
and entertaining reading. The presentation is
wild beasts.


56
[Jan. 16,
THE DIAL
straightforward, and the work is free from doubt-
ful or objectionable matter. It contains much in-
formation concerning animals, and might well be
used as supplementary reading in elementary in-
struction in natural history and as a book of refer.
ence in school libraries. The volume is illustrated
by about fifty colortype plates, most of which,
especially those from photographs of the animals
themselves, are excellent. The work of the taxid-
ermist is, however, all too evident in a few cases,
and several plates reproduced from paintings are
mere caricatures standing in strong contrast to the
remainder of the illustrations.
BRIEFER MENTION.
Mr. Nigel Oliphant, the author of the “ Diary of
the Siege of the Peking Legation” (Longmans), is
a young Scottish officer who was filling a post in the
Chinese Postal Service under Sir Robert Hart when
the trouble broke out in 1900. The book is a manly,
modest account of the siege as witnessed from the in-
side of the British Legation. There is little or no
attempt at continuous description; and we are won by
the simplicity and obvious truth of the young fellow
who took his war so gayly, or his golf so seriously, as
to be laying out a putting ground in the intervals of the
assaults. The Diary is furnished with desirable maps,
and is preceded by an appreciative preface from Mr.
Andrew Lang's pen.
A “ Time Table of Modern History," compiled and
arranged by Mr. M. Morison, is published by the Mac-
millan Co., in the form of a large oblong quarto. The
period covered is from 470 to 1870 — just fourteen
centuries. It consists, in substance, of parallel tables
of events and dates, starting with six columns, and
gradually increasing to fourteen or fifteen. At the end
of the volume are genealogical tables, lists of reigoing
monarchs, a general chart of ancient and modern his-
tory, an elaborate index, and a set of ten historical
maps of Europe. The work is of a kind that has been
done before, but not, to our knowledge, upon so gener-
ous a scale. It is indispensable as a book of reference
for school libraries.
The F. A. Bassette Company, Springfield, Mass.,
have published for Mr. Guy Kirkham, F., I.A., a little
volume entitled - The Elements of Architecture,"
taken from the miscellaneous essays of Sir Henry
Wotton, Kt. Sir Henry was an amateur architect of
the time of Elizabeth, when the amateur architect flour-
ished and each Lord of the Manor was more or less the
architect of his own house. The age sent down to us,
along with its mass of rare literature, many interesting
and beautiful examples of English domestic architect-
ure; and of the former, touching also upon the latter,
these essays of Sir Henry Wotton are of no slight in-
terest. The volume, in type and form, is a facsimile
reproduction of the original, which is very rare; and
our only criticism is that the types, possibly not too
clear in the original, suffer in the reproduction. Wotton
was a man of attainment, and his personality speaks
through his writings. The style is quaint and amiable,
and the matter equally quaint and attractive to the
lover and collector of rare specimens.
NOTES.
“ Lessons in Physical Geography,” by Mr. Charles
R. Dyer, is a school text just published by the American
Book Co.
“ The Cloistering of Ursula " is the title of Mr. Clin-
ton Scollard's new romance of medieval Italy, to be
issued at once by Messrs. L. C. Page & Co.
Ruskin's “Sesame and Lilies,” edited by Mr. Robert
Kilburn Root, is a new volume of the “ English Read-
ings," published by Messrs. Henry Holt & Co.
· King Lear,” edited by Mr. W. J. Craig, is the
third volume to appear in the “ Dowden Shakespeare,"
now in course of publication by the Bowen-Merrill Co.
“ A Brief Survey of the Life and Writings of Quintus
Horatius Flaccus,” by Professor Sidney G. Ashmore,
makes a pretty booklet just published by the Grafton
Press.
• Wortlehre des Adjektivs im Altsaechsischen,” by
Dr. Edwin Carl Roedder, is a Bulletin of the University
of Wisconsin in its “ Philology and Literature Series,”
of which the first volume is now completed.
Messrs. T. Y. Crowell & Co. announce for publica-
tion early in the coming Spring a volume on · Word-
Coinage" by Mr. Leon Mead. The work is the result
of several years' special study of the subject on the
part of its author.
Professor Albert H. Tolman's school text of Shake-
speare's
“ Julius Cæsar” is published by the Globe
School Book Co. It has many rivals, no doubt, but
none that is more attractive to the student, or more
scholarly in its execution.
Mr. Henry Frowde has just published for the Os-
ford Clarendon Press, a new edition of the treatise on
“ Milton's Prosody” by Mr. Robert Bridges, supple-
mented by Mr. William Johnson Stone's essay on
“Classical Metres in English Verse.”
Messrs. Ginn & Company of Boston announce their
removal from Tremont Place, where they have been
for more than twenty-five years past; and are now oc-
cupying new offices at No. 29 Beacon Street, on the
site of the historic John Hancock House.
A study of Charles Heavysege, the Canadian poet
and dramatist, by Mr. Lawrence J. Burpee, has been
reprinted in pamphlet form from the “ Transactions of
the Royal Society of Canada.” It may be obtained
from Messrs. J. Hope & Son, Ottawa, or from the
Copp-Clark Co., Toronto.
The latest publication of the Early English Text So-
ciety is an edition, re-edited directly from the manu-
scripts by Professor George H. McKnight, of the three
works “King Horn,” “Floriz and Blauncheflur," and
“ The Assumption of Our Lady." These poems were
first edited in 1866 by the Rev. J. Rawson Lumby.
“Little Pilgrimages among the Women Who Have
Written Famous Books” (Page), by Messrs. E. F.
Harkins and C. H. L. Johnston, is a companion to the
similar volume upon men authors which we recently
noticed. A score of women are included, all of them
American by birth or residence, and portraits are given
us of nearly all of them.
Dr. A. H. Peirce's “Studies in Auditory and Visual
Space Perception" (Longmans) forms an excellent ex-
ample of the kind of monograph which modern Psychol-
ogy makes possible. It deals in a technical way with
a special set of problems of interest to experimental
psychologists, and both gathers together with critical


1902.]
57
THE DIAL
skill the results of former research upon the subject
and makes distinctly valuable contributions to the topic.
It is just this type of work that will gain for experi-
mental psychology the worthy position among the sci-
ences which it already enjoys in part.
“From Homer to Theocritus,” by Professor Edward
Capps, is a history of the Greek literature of the clas-
sical period, just published by Messrs. Charles Scribner's
Sops. Althongh a revision of an earlier work, the
changes made are so considerable that the volume is
one-balf larger than before, and now includes a useful
bibliography and an index.
“ The Three Essentials,” by Chancellor Henry
Mitchell MacCracken, is a baccalaureate sermon given
at the New York University. The text of the sermon
was provided by a window of stained glass with three
panels recently set in the auditorium of the University,
and the present pamphlet publication (Putnam) repro-
duces the design in a series of four plates.
“ A Short History of England for School Use," by
Miss Katharine Coman and Miss Elizabeth Kendali,
has just been published by the Macmillan Co. It is a
book for grammar schools, and follows much the same
lines as the more advanced text-book prepared by the
same authors about two years ago, although, as is nat.
ural and proper, more stress is placed upon the personal
and pictorial elements of the history.
An interesting experiment in book-publishing is soon
to be launched in this country and England by Mr.
Howard Wilford Bell. “ The Unit Library,” as the
venture is designated, will consist of an unlimited col-
lection of original publications and selected reprints
from every department of the world's intellectual ac-
tivity, issued under the editorship of Messrs. William
Laird Clowes and A. R. Waller. An explanation of the
title of the series is to be found in the novel method
under which it will be sold. The price of each volume
will be regulated by the number of pages it contains,
a unit of measure being fixed upon.
This unit is 25
pages. The English rate per unit is įd., or 2d. per
100
pages.
The paper cover will cost 1d. in addition
to the cost of the total number of units, a cloth binding
will be 5d. additional, or leather binding 10d. addi-
tional. It is claimed that “The Unit Library” will
constitute the cheapest series of books ever issued in
America or England.
Ruskin and the English Lakes. By Rev. H. D. Rawnsley.
Illus., 12mo, uncat, pp. 243. Macmillan Co. $2.
Edwin Booth. By Charles Townsend Copeland. With pho-
togravure portrait, 24mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 159. “Beacon
Biographies.” Small, Maynard & Co. 75 cts. net.
Samuel Finley Breese Morse. By John Trowbridge.
With photogravure portrait, 24mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 134.
"Beacon Biographies.” Small, Maynard & Co. 75 cts. net.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
The New England Society Orations: Addresses, Ser-
mons, and Poems. Delivered before the New England So-
ciety in the City of New York, 1820-1885. Collected and
edited by Cephas Brainerd and Eveline Warner Brainerd.
In 2 vols., 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. Published for the Society
by The Century Co. $5. net.
Milton's Prosody. By Robert Bridges. Together with,
Classical Metres in English Verse, by William Johnson
Stone. 12mo, uncut, pp. 175. Oxford University Press.
$1.75.
King Horn, Floriz and Blauncheflur, and The Assump-
tion of our Lady. First edited in 1866 by Rev.J. Rawson
Lumby. B.D.; now re-edited from the MSS. by George
H. McKnight, Ph.D. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 171.- Early
English Text Society Series." London : Kegan Paul,
Trench, Trübner & Co. Paper.
The Revolt and the Escape. By Villiers de L'Isle Adam;
trans. from the French by Theresa Barclay. 8vo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 61. “Modern Plays." Charles H. Sergel
Co. $1.25 net.
The Muses Gardin for Delights, or the sift Book of Ayres.
Composed by Robert Jones; edited by William Barclay
Squire. 8vo, uncut, pp. 39. Oxford: B. H. Blackwell.
The Labyrinth of the World and the Paradise of the
Heart. By John Amos Komensky (Comenius); edited
and translated by Count Lützow. 12mo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 347. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50 net.
The Three Essentials: A Baccalaureate Discourse. By
Henry Mitchell MacCracken. Illus., large 8vo, uncut,
pp. 16. G. P. Putnam's Song. Paper.
The Perfect Woman. By Charles Sainte-Foi ; trans. from
the French by Zephirine N. Brown. 16mo, gilt edges,
pp. 195. Marlier & Co. $1. net.
Shakespeare in Tale and Verse. By Lois Grosvenor
Hufford. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 445. Macmillan Co.
$1. net.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
The Way of Perfection. By Saint Teresa ; edited by A. R.
Waller. With photogravure portrait, 16mo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 231. *Cloister Library." Macmillan Co. $1.
The Works of Shakespeare, “ Dowden" edition. New
vol.: King Lear, edited by W. J. Craig. 8vo, pp. 249.
Bowen-Merrill Co. $1.25.
Francesca da Rimini: A Tragedy in Five Acts. By George
H. Boker. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 154. Chicago :
Dramatic Publishing Co. $1.
The Purgatorio of Dante Alighieri. With photogravure
frontispiece, 24mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 442. "Temple
Classics." Macmillan Co. 50 ets.
Love Poems of Sir John Suckling. 32mo, gilt edges,
pp. 121. “Lover's Library." John Lane. 50 cts. net.
BOOKS OF VERSE.
The Tippler's Vow. By Lee Fairchild; with 26 original
dry-points by Jean Paleologue. Large 4to, uncut. Croscup
& Sterling Co. $10. net,
The Ship of Silence, and Other Poems. By Edward Uffing-
ton Valentine. 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 161. Bowen-
Merrill Co.
In the Valley of the Merrimack. By Julia Noyes Stickney.
With portrait, 18mo, gilt top, pp. 66. New York: Grafton
Press. 75 cts.
The Black Christ. By C. S. A. 12mo, uncut, pp. 31. Ox-
ford: B. H. Blackwell. Paper,
FICTION.
King Fritz's A. D. C. By Frank Hird. 12mo, pp. 305.
Macmillan Co. $1.75.
The King's Ring : A Romance of the Days of Gustavus
Adolphus and the Thirty Years' War. By Zacharias
Topelius; trans. from the Swedish by Sophie Ohrwall and
Herbert Arnold. With photogravure portrait, 12mo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 297. L. C. Page & Co. $1.50.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
(The following list, containing 80 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
HISTORY
The Royal Navy: A History, from the Earliest Times to
the Present. By Wm. Laird Clowes; assisted by Sir
Clements Markham, Captain A. T. Mahan, H. W. Wilson,
Theodore Roosevelt, and others. Vol. VI. Illus. in pho-
togravure, etc., 4to, gilt top, uncut, pp. 592. Little,
Brown, & Co. $6.50 net.
The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln: Flight, Pursuit,
Capture, and Punishment of the Conspirators. By Osborn
H. Oldroyd ; with Introduction by T. M. Harris. Illus.,
870, pp. 305. Washington, D. C.: 0. H. Oldroyd. $1.
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
Memoirs of Major-General William Heath. By Himself.
New edition ; edited by William Abbatt. To which is
added, The Accounts of the Battle of Bunker Hill, by
Generals Dearborn, Lee, and Wilkinson. Illus., large 8vo,
gilt top, pp. 410. New York: William Abbatt. $5. net.


58
[Jan. 16,
THE DIAL
The Washingtonians. By Pauline Bradford Mackie. With
frontispiece, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 357. L. C. Page
& Co. $1.50.
Lauriel : The Love Letters of an American Girl. Edited by
A. H. With photogravure frontispiece, 12mo, gilt top,
pp. 301. L. C. Page & Co. $1.50.
Love's Itinerary. By J. C. Snaith. 12mo, pp. 315. D.
Appleton & Co. Paper, 50 cts.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
Ancient Royal Palaces in and near London, Drawn in
lithography by Thomas R. Way; with Notes compiled by
Frederic Chapman. 4to, uncut, pp. 175. John Lane.
$6. net.
Washington, the Capital City, and its Part in the History
of the Nation. By Rufus Rockwell Wilson. In 2 vols.,
illus., 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. J. B. Lippincott Co. $3.50 net.
John Chinaman, and a few Others. By E. H. Parker.
Illus., 8vo, uncut, pp. 380. E. P. Dutton & Co, $2.50 net.
Adventures in Tibet : Including the Diary of Miss Annie
R. Taylor's Remarkable Journey through the Heart of
the “ Forbidden Land." By William Carey. Illus., 8vo,
pp. 285. United Society of Christian Endeavor. $1.50 net.
Eastern Peru and Bolivia. By William C. Agle. 12mo,
pp. 45. Seattle : Homer M. Hill Pub. Co. Paper, 50 cts.
RELIGION.
What Is Christianity? By Adolf Harnack; trans. by
Thomas Bailey Saunders. Second edition, revised ; 8vo,
gilt top, pp. 322. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.75 net.
The Teachers' Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles.
By F. N. Peloubet, D.D. Illus., 8vo, pp. 400. Oxford
University Press. $1.25.
Via Christi : An Introduction to the Study of Missions. By
Louise Manning H