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THE DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAGE
mance.
No. 383. JUNE 1, 1902. Vol. XXXII.
THE NOVEL OF AMERICAN HISTORY.
CONTENTS.
Many are the Cassandra voices of to-day, fore-
telling decadence and doom to the historical ro-
Each new novel of problem or tempera-
THE NOVEL OF AMERICAN HISTORY. Annie
ment is heralded as that long-awaited giant that
Russell Marble . .
369
shall overthrow the tenacious yet shrivelled race
THE ELIZABETHAN PLAY IN CHICAGO. Fred of historical romancers and burl them from their
eric Ives Carpenter
372 vaunted throne in the reading-world. Meanwhile,
undisturbed by the maledictions and prophesies,
IN GARDEN WAYS. Alice Morse Earle
374
authors continue to write at maximum soul-sapping
Triggs's Formal Gardens in England and Scotland.-
Lowell's American Gardens.-Allen's and Godfrey's
speed, and publishers continue to announce “ fifty
Miniature and Window Gardening.-Mrs. Williams's
thousand copies sold ten days before publication.”
A Garden in the Suburbs. — Watson's Flowers and
There are strong indications that reaction from
Gardens. - Sedding's Garden-Craft.
this mercantile excess, this flamboyant advertise-
ment of wares of the brain and fancy, must come
RECENT BOOKS OF TRAVEL, Wallace Rice . . 377
as a relief to the judicial and scholarly reader. No
Menpes' Japan. — Smith's Ten Years in Burma. -
one would deny that among the much-advertised
Babcock's Letters from Egypt and Palestine.
and widely-read novels of the last five years a few
Meakin's The Moors.— Miss MacNab's A Ride in
Morocco.—Lady Grove's Seventy-one Days'Camping
have that intrinsic grasp and vital portraiture of
in Morocco.-Spender's Two Winters in Norway.--
mien and soul that will gain for them a place
Bartlett's A Golden Way. — Walker's Ocean to among the potent and representative books of the
Ocean.— McKee's The Land of Nome.
age. Despite such concessions, however, one must
also admit that there are scores of volumes appear.
BOOKS OF OUT-DOOR LIFE. Sara A. Hubbard 381
ing annually, announced with glaring headlines,
Mrs. Wheelock's Nestlings of Forest and Marsh.
whose only claim to favor is in the dangerous and
Mrs. French's Hezekiah's Wives.- Ingersoll's Wild
Life of Orchard and Field.- Mathews's Field-Book
alluring appeal to overstrained imagination or neu-
of American Wild-Flowers. — Mrs. Parsons's Ac-
rotic passion. Such novels, fortunately, become
cording to Season. - Mrs. Pierson's Among the
literary comets, and their effect is soon obscured.
Night People. — Mrs. McCulloch-Williams's Next Amid many inferior and sensational ventures,
to the Ground. — Hulbert's Forest Neighbors. products of clever ambitions rather than sincere
Miss Miller's The Brook Book. Hodge's Nature literary expression, the historical novel has yet
Study and Life.
reëstablished itself upon the higher planes of fic-
THE BOOK OF THE TROUT. Charles A. Kofoid 384
tion, and, through a few worthy volumes, has pro-
claimed the sanative and energizing influence of
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne 385 this form of fiction, until it has reached a stead-
Mrs. Atherton's The Conqueror.- Miss Glasgow's fast response unrivalled since the days of Scott
The Battle-Ground. - Miss Laut's Heralds of Em-
and Dumas. Whatever may be the decrease in the
pire.-Miss Shaw's The Coast of Freedom.-Carey's
astounding sales of historical fiction during the
Monsieur Martin, Hough's The Mississippi
Bubble.—Dickson's The Siege of Lady Resolute.---
next few years, whatever may become the next
Sears's None but the Brave. ---Chatfield-Taylor's
dominant literary fashion, it is safe to affirm that
The Crimson Wing.- Pimenoff-Noble's Before the
the historical novel, which has sincere purpose and
Dawn.-White's The Blazed Trail.-- Garland's The literary power, has again attained a sore rank in
Captain of the Gray Horse Troop.— Howells’s The contemporary literature. Previous to the last balf
Kentons. — Rood's Hardwicke. Friedman's By decade, this literary type had endured disfavor for
Bread Alone. --- Linn's The Second Generation.
more than a quarter-century. After the works of
The Catholic. Bagot's A Roman Mystery. —
Scott, Bulwer, and Cooper, the historical fiction,
Doyle's The Hound of the Baskervilles.- Pember-
with few exceptions, was poorly executed and little
ton's The Giant's Gate.
read. In 1889, Mr. William Sharp, in a criticism
NOTES ON NOVELS
. 389 upon one of the exceptional novels of this class,
Hardy's “ Passe Rose," admitted its skilful work.
LITERARY NOTES.
. 393
manship, but added, “ The historical novel is at low
A HUNDRED BOOKS FOR SUMMER READING 394 ebb." He made the prediction that this desuetude
(A select list of some recent publications.)
was permanent, and that neither scholars nor un-
cultured readers had further need of this “ bybrid ”
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS
396
form. And yet the need and response came as a
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
398 healthful reaction from novels of extreme morbid
.


870
(June 1,
THE DIAL
realism, or elemental local tales, whose simplicity carelessly mingle history and fiction, in the setting
at first pleased, then satiated, the reading world. of the story, is dangerous ; the reader of such
A demand was created for more virile imaginative stories, found among the most popular works of
forms, and, in revival, appeared the novel of action, Scott and Bulwer no less than later writers, often
with two distinct literary expressions, — first, the
- first, the carries through life delusions on important events
novel of contemporaneous work and heroism, and periods of history.
exampled by Mr. Kipling, Mr. Hopkinson Smith, or Some recent novels and dramas of American his-
Miss French; and second, the historical romance that tory have done gross injustice to real persons and
has reëstablished its rightful claim.
scenes chosen for reproduction. To apotheosize
In no country has this form of romance met Aaron Burr or villainize Israel Patnam, to scoff at
with more extravagant and long.lived favor than Franklin's services for our country at the court of
in America. Moreover, while old-world scenes in France or to bestow immortal youth upon Barbara
new panoramas have commanded ready sale, while Freitchie, — such perversions of facts perjure the
Stevenson and Weyman, Galdos and Sienkiewicz, historian and weaken the romancer. Again, many
have been favorites, while the daring and zest of authors fail to adapt their diction to the colloquialisms
such a story as “ The Helmet of Navarre ” has of the times. There is a ludicrous aspect to a popular
received passing plaudits, yet the primal interest tale of the Revolution couched in the ultra-journalistic
has centred about romances of national history. phrases of to-day, with references to prospective
Though occasional critics attributed the new “sky-scrapers" and interchange of debonair club.
patriotism in literature to the war with Spain, yet life greetings. With many good qualities and evi-
its manifestation preceded this national event and dence of wide reading, the gifted author of "A
has a more logical and sequential growth. It is Son of the Old Dominion” loses the effect of her
akin to the changes in moods and tenets of life atmosphere when, in a thrilling narrative of Indian
and letters during the last century. The parity of strife, she pauses suddenly and declares that these
realism and picturesqueness is typical of the pres-
events “
are all recorded in history," or, with yet
ent age and has found special illustration in history greater offense, quotes directly from history,
and fiction. While readers make adroit synthesis wholly destroying the illusion of her background.
of cause and result, while they trace the philosophy Such flaws suggest the substitution of the historian
of great world movements, they no longer welcome for the novelist; the historian may study his events,
detailed philosophical methods by historians or fic the novelist must assimilate his studies and then
tionists. Buckle and Hallam are still classic, but portray. Thackeray and Charles Reade in the past,
the scenic historians, Carlyle and Froude, Fiske Mr. James Lane Allen, Mr. Thomas Nelson Page,
and Parkman, represent the present-day attitude and Miss Murfree in the present, excel in almost
toward the past. Our democratic age has no de perfect reproduction, even incarnation, of chosen
sire to see characters “strut across the stage,” or periods; and these results are often gained without
"step out from history's pages”; we are anxious the introduction of familiar historical persons.
to know the true man, stripped of his insignia. A wide sympathy with the world's successive
Perhaps our characteristic unreserve, which often cycles, bat a concentrated study of a particular
borders on irreverence, has never been so well ex period, characterize the best novelists of history.
pressed as in the semi-satirical lines of Halleck, James, Ainsworth, Miss Muhlbach, of the past, have
descriptive of the early democratic traits of his many kinsmen among current American romancers.
countrymen who
They show versatility and marvellous industry, but
“Would shake hands with a king upon his throne, such incomplete and inchoate panoramas will soon
And think it kindness to His Majesty."
be forgotten as literature. Some of the honored
The historical romancer is confronted by a seri names in historical fiction have produced only one
ous problem in portraiture of historical characters ; or two novels. “Callista,” “John Inglesant," " In
in many of the more recent and most artistic novels, His Name,” are types of such exceptional and
as in the best work of Scott and Cooper, the lead vital work. This last title suggests one of the
ing historical persons are in the background, not earlier novels of American history whose favor has
before the constant glare of the foot-lights. The never been submerged. An English magazine of
more prominent characters in the story are ficti recent date mentioned this as “the best Ameri-
tious or lesser-known to history. The skilful intro can historical novel.” In brief retrospect one may
duction of real historical heroes in minor rôles is a recall other early fiction of American history that
strong and safe method of emphasizing the atmos has merited its immortality amid diverse literary
phere. To make this scenic quality vivid, to reveal fashions and vacillating standards of criticism. If
à creative and, at the same time, a relevant im- | Cooper often wearies with his prolix diction and
agination, constitute the essential aims of the hig. his careless structure, he created two worthy novels
torical novel. The reader may easily gauge the of distinctive and thrilling action in "The Spy”.
writer's scholarship by his success in attaining a and “ The Last of the Mohicans," and thereby pro-
true pictorial atmosphere. Droll anachronisms are claimed himself the pioneer romancer of American
found in some of the most popular fiction. To forests and frontier battle-lines. Amid the sen-


1902.]
371
THE DIAL
sational and imitative work of Paulding, Simms, ing prior to the Civil War, also afford diverse themes
Cooke, and Mrs. Childs, on historical themes, for pictorial narrative and vivid characterization,
volumes seldom opened to-day, — Irving has kept though the dramatic scenes are less distinct.
a perennial charm for old and young, and his Four periods have furnished popular motives
genial, leisurely tales, with American history and for the American historical novelists, the first
legend for motives, have never been more honored half-century of colonial life in Massachusetts and
and loved than they are in the new century. Virginia, the English-French relations before the
Lowell gave warm praise to a novel of American French and Indian War, the scenes and characters
history that has lost, through some mischance, its concentred about the movements of the Revolution-
merited reading. Sylvester Judd's “Margaret ary army in New York and Maryland, and the
cannot be surpassed as a vital portrayal of New Civil War with its aftermath of Reconstruction.
England life at the meeting of the eighteenth and The early settlements in Virginia especially afford
nineteenth centuries. It is essentially a story of tempting themes for research and roseate fancy.
analysis rather than of action, - a crude yet in. The peculiar comingling of the primeval and the
tensive mingling of realism and ideality. With the cultured, the interrelations of scholars and royal
graphic recollections of musters, camp-meetings, favorites with the savages and their weird customs,
huskings, and village schools of the period is inter furnish the imagination with matchless episodes.
woven a story of deep soul-searching power. In a In romantic and stirring flavor, the early records
letter from Froude to Thoreau, after the latter's of Virginia far surpass those of the Massachusetts
first volume, “A Week,” had reached him, the colony. Their conditions were quite distinctive,
English historian said: “In your book, and in and the attempt to correlate these in one romance,
one other from your side of the Atlantic, -Mar as in “King Noanett,” disclosed the detached back-
garet', - I see hope for the coming world.” grounds which defied the novelist's attempted junc-
Hawthorne painted an unrivalled atmosphere of ture and remained coeval only in time. History
colonial Massachusetts, and, in wonder at his subtle, has made us more familiar with the aspects of the
psychological magic of analysis, one must not for Pilgrims and the Puritans ; we have too much neg
get his faithful portrayal of early types and cus lected the histories of Virginian life by Byrd and
toms. Decades ago the western pioneer lands were Beverly. The portrayal of scenes at Jamestown
photographed in the fiction of Bret Harte, Edward and Flower da Hundred has the charm of sensuous
Eggleston, and Miss Woolson. The strong realism atmosphere and unique romantic traditions. Mrs.
of these stories, often fraught with actual experience, Goodwin's romances, despite technical defects, retain
has given them rank both as novels of history and one's interest; and “ White Aprons” and “The
narratives of manners. It may be questioned if Colonial Cavalier” are pure and vivid in back-
any bistorical novelist has revealed greater pic-ground and in emotional treatment. The pictorial
torial vigor than Edwin Bynner in “ Agnes Sur. and pathetic episodes of “wife-auction” and slave-
riage" and “The Begum's Daughter." Like the commitment have been forcefully revealed in
true artist in fiction, Mr. Bynner chose a small “ Prisoners of Hope," "To Have and to Hold,”
dramatic episode about which he could cluster a few and “Free to Serve." In Miss Johnston's initial
strong landmarks and types. Mr. Cable has story, and in her later romances, one is especially
immortalized the architecture and manners and impressed by her vital prodigal skill in rapid nar-
speech of Creole New Orleans of the past and rative. After reading “Sherlock Holmes,” Steven-
present, and to one reader, at least, his later ven son wrote to Conan Doyle: “That is the class of
tures in more specific tales of war and politics fail literature that I like when I have the tooth-ache."
to equal the delicate artistic suggestion, and the Of this thrilling type was “ To Have and to Hold,”
intensified focalized interest, of these earlier ro and the reader, chained to the breathless whirl of
mances of “Dr. Sevier,” “ The Grandissimmes," the author's imagination, did not pause to note the
and “Madame Delphine."
dramatic flaws until the race was finished. Then
While American novelists are fast appreciating the unbroken succession of adventures with Indians,
the unrivalled mines of literary material still un. pirates, panthers, poisons, and shipwrecks, seemed
worked within their land, while fow nations have less real, and he began to question the probable
had, within so brief a time, history of so great mo. method by which Jeremy Sparrow killed those last
ment with such varied and faithful records, only a three Indians, and realized that his imagination,
few scattered fragments of our history have thus like the author's, was wearied of devising ways and
far been chosen for portrayal by novelists of broad
Audrey” is a distinct advance upon the
intellect and trained imagination. Especially bar earlier romances of this author, and the character
ren of romantic treatment are the periods of settle of the heroine reveals rare insight and delicacy of
ment in the central states, the witchcraft delusion, portraiture; far more restraint is noted in the
and that “critical period of American history structure of events, though there are still evidences
which succeeded the Revolution and preceded the of immature literary powers.
War of 1812. The latter event, and the years of The very names of Pontiac and Quebec are sug-
political ferment and social and intellectual awaken- / gestive of romance and dramatic history, and their
means.
66


872
(June 1,
THE DIAL
possibilities have been well tested by Gilbert Parker. forts of her com peers, Simms, Tourgee, Lanier,
The famous battle on the Plains of Abraham has have been wholly submerged. In contrast with
yet to receive more vivid portrayal than in “ The these fervid novels are the recent portrayals of
Seats of the Mighty.” It is the privilege of a his both the war and the reconstruction blunders, re-
torical romancer to choose a mystery or a mooted sults of calm perspective and judicial adjustment
tradition about some historical character, and inter of past conditions after time has allayed the ex.
weave upon this thread a story of double charm. citement and invective. The vividness and pene-
To this type of fiction belongs “Henry Esmond” trative insight are commingled with a scholarly
and “Unknown to History" of the past, and the interpretation in such fiction as “John March,
recent romances, “When Valmond Came to Pon Southerner,” “Red Rock," “ The Crisis," " Henry
tiac,” Mr. Parker's fanciful tale of the traditional Bourland,” and “The Battle-Ground.” While
son of Napoleon, and Mrs. Catherwood's alluring there is no loss of vitality or sympathy, the later
picture of the Dauphin, escaped from France and novelists have justly emphasized the significant
meeting sundry adventures in America under the causes and results of the conflict and have treated
name of “Lazarre.” As in her earlier stories of with impartial colors the heroes and charlatans of
frontier life in the Northwest, Mrs. Catherwood has both North and South.
shown a scholarly, leisurely portrayal. Perhaps The two forms of historical fiction, the romance
no historical romance of pioneer life in the North of adventure and the analytic novel of character,-
west, with interrelations of Indians, French, and bave been well exampled in recent American fiction.
English, has equalled in romantic daring and pic- The first type is evidenced in such stirring tales as
torial glow “ Alice of Old Vincennes."
“ The Chief Factor," “ To Have and to Hold,"
The younger generation of American students
and “From Kingdom to Colony"; the second form
may gain correct and broad views of the Revolu. is recognized in “Hugh Wynne,” “The Crisis,” “The
tionary struggle, and just estimates of both Tory Reign of Law," and “The Tory Lover.” To avoid
and Patriot leaders. The old-time hatred and the stilted and discursive defects of the earlier nov.
surmises have given way before the deep truth elists, Scott, Cooper, and their successors, and at
searching attitude of this age. Text-books and the same time shun the sensational unreserve and
romances alike respond to this large and true intel haste of some of the most popular later romancers,
ligence and educated sympathy. Among a wide would seem the safe passage for the historical nov-
variety of historical novels of recent years, por elist. Whether as romance of hazard or narrative
traying many phases of this crucial period, three of manners, whether restricted to imaginary char-
especially suggest parallelisms and contrasts, and acters or repainting actual personages, the novelist
have won popular and scholarly success.
“ Hugh
of history should have one ultimate mission, - to
Wynne" unfolded in careful outlines the social and create a story of vital and universal interest, wherein
civic status of the period in Pennsylvania ; “Janice ideality and reality are wisely commingled. His
Meredith " portrayed the domestic and military life task is to illustrate Carlyle's words: “The Past has
of New Jersey ; “Richard Carvel” revealed the always something true, and is a precious possession.
political and social atmosphere of Maryland. “Hugh In different time, in a different place, it is always
Wynne" surpassed in characterization, “Janice some other side of our common Human Nature that
Meredith” in scenic and romantic pictures, and has been developing itself.”
“ Richard Carvel” in breadth of scope and easeful
ANNIE RUSSELL MARBLE.
yet sustained plot.
Mrs. Gertrude Atherton has drawn a picture
of Alexander Hamilton, “ The Conqueror," with
THE ELIZABETHAN PLAY IN
excess of material and exuberance of laudation.
CHICAGO.
There are, however, a few scenes of historical and
dramatic vigor, portrayals both of crucial scenes Ever since the medieval drama broke
away
from
during the war, viewed from close range by the the Church and got into the public square, and
great generals, and also emphasis of that lesser thence into the public theatre-house, the tenure of
known yet vital conflict which transformed the the theatre, and of dramatic literature regarded as
chaotic, anarchical states at the close of the war the material for stage-acting, has been an uncertain
into a federation. If she has overestimated the
This has especially been the case in English-
part played by her hero in some of these events, speaking countries, where a certain Puritan prudery
she has vivified the struggle for Federalism and distrustful of histrionics, and a certain resolute in.
has surrounded Hamilton with a large and diverse dependence of individual initiative, have kept the
group of American statesmen, whose salient traits stage a private enterprise and have refused to recog-
have been well delineated.
nize its institutional function. On the continent of
Coeval with the Civil War appeared a few novels Europe things have turned out otherwise, and in
of intense lurid force, but utterly lacking in poise many cities the theatre is a recognized institution
and finish. While Mrs. Stowe’s work possessed supported and countenanced by the State.
some qualities that ensured its longer life, the ef With us of late there are some signs of change.
one.


1902.]
373
THE DIAL
ne88.
A converted few are urging an endowed theatre. concessions so also did the university managers,
And just as the universities and large public schools who at points were forced to yield minor details of
of the English renaissance practised stage-perfor- antiquarian accuracy to the exigency of popular
mances, in both Latin and English, as a regular and effect. Indeed, any such performance must in some
recognized part of the college activities, so now the measure be a compromise. But the main effect
American universities are rapidly if somewhat was secured. That the path has been broken and
blindly beginning to enlarge their horizons, admit a beginning made is a matter for congratulation,
the educative and cultural value of the practical and is due chiefly to the admirable energy of the
dramatic art, and make Sophocles, Shakespeare, ladies of the League and its efficient managers and
Jonson, Molière, and the rest, a living text as well advisers.
as a closet page.
Three or four conclusions are to be gathered
The ideally equipped university of the immediate from this experiment. One is that the experiment
future will doubtless have, alongside of its other is worth repeating, - perhaps under different con-
laboratories, what without undue forcing of the ditions.
ditions. Again, that the atmosphere of the uni-
already hackneyed metaphor we may call a labor-versity - the university on its own grounds and in
atory of dramatic art, - a theatre-building adequate
a theatre-building adequate its own house — is better for such a thing. The
for the presentation of classical plays from Greek, Auditorium stage was not well adapted for the pro-
Latin, English, French, German, and other litera- duction. The Elizabethan audience, which should
tures. And not only this, but sufficient equipment have served the function of chorus and intermediary
and endowment; so that provision can be made for between the actors and the modern audience, was
regular and frequent performances of this sort partly hidden from sight in a narrow space, or else
without overtaxing the energies of the regular too much crowded upon the Elizabethan stage itself.
teaching staff. Indeed, as this is an age of aggre A university theatre-building is needed, with con-
gation and trusts, who knows but that a full-fledged vertible stage and ample room in the pit for the
theatre with a stock-company drawn from the élite accommodation of either Elizabethan stage and
of the profession may before long settle down next audience on the one hand, or of Greek chorus on
to some university campus,
in short, an endowed the other. The students on this occasion, both in
theatre under university management and control ! the play and in the Elizabethan audience, contrib-
Meanwhile, the ferment is working. Harvard, ated their parts with admirable spirit and willing-
Yale, Wisconsin, Stanford, Michigan, Beloit, Wel-
A considerable part of the value of such
lesley, Smith, Bryn Mawr, Tufts College, and other performances is obviously the training gained by
institutions, have all made a beginning and have those who take part. Another time, however, the
attempted the revival and stage-presentation of such experiment might be varied by securing the assist-
specimens of the world's dramatic literature as are ance of semi-professionals (at least) in the major
recognized as classical or typical. The University parts of the cast, as was done in the Harvard per-
of Chicago is the latest convert to the new principle. formance of “ Epicone,” leaving the joyous business
A year ago a student performance of “As You of the mock-audience, as always, to the students.
Like It” was given on the university campus, and Another time, too, with a cast so strengthened and
again on May 17 last, at the Auditorium Theatre with more time for drill and preparation, a stronger
in Chicago, a performance of Ben Jonson's com play may be hazarded. Then also the local busi-
edy of “ The Case is Altered " in the Elizabethan ness," - archeological details and reproductions in
manner was given, not, it is true under the direct culture-history, on which so much of the pictur-
auspices of the university, but by university students, esque effect depends, can be more carefully elab-
and under the direction of a body composed chiefly orated. Perhaps, for example, in the course of
of faculty members, faculty wives, and students, time a university audience can be led to the point
working together as the University Settlement of patiently and sympathetically listening to an
League. The English department was called upon entire Shakespearian play, uncut (a matter often
for advice; Mr. S. H. Clark of the department of of between three and four hours), and in the original
public speaking assisted in training the actors; and setting. Such things are as yet unknown in America.
Mr. F. L. Short, who has already had a main hand In Munich, however, the present writer has listened
in some five or six such performances, came on to a four-hour performance of the unabridged
from the East and managed the stage production. German “Hamlet.” The success of the University
An elaborate illustrative programme was printed, last year in its performance of “As You Like It”
and the occasion was further commemorated by the in modern form would suggest the possibility of a
issuance of a reprint of the play itself, with brief still greater academic success in similar things in
introduction and text reconstituted on the basis of the stricter original form and setting. Chicago is
the original edition. The affair itself was a success. ready to furnish appreciation and support, the
A large and sympathetic audience, tolerant of University has the requisite energy, atmosphere,
amateurism and friendly to the main cause, grati- learning, and personnel. The one thing lacking is
fied its curiosity and reaped amusement in various the material equipment. Will that be provided ?
forms. If the audience was tolerant and made
FREDERIC IVES CARPENTER.


374
[June 1,
THE DIAL
а
The New Books.
the views given in this book are unusual and
effective, and it is most gratifying to have the
skilfully-drawn sketches, elevations, and bird's-
IN GARDEN WAYS.*
eye views of those well-known gardens, also
Charles Lamb had a list of biblia-a-biblia, many of their effective details and out-of-the-
books which, though they contain printed mat way corners. The Englishman has ever felt
ter,“ are not books.” It is questionable whether “the lure of green things growing,” as said
books consisting entirely of illustrations, with Piers Plowman; and in all greenery
his garden
almost no printing, can be termed literature; excelled those of any land. At this day the great-
but several of the garden books which appear
est difference between English and American
this season manage to convey an infinite amount gardens is not in the flowers but in the per-
of information with scant printed words,
fect lawns, the splendid hedges, the topiary
trusting to the sight of the things themselves work of the old-world pleasaunces; in all, in
as shown in lavish illustration. Two of the fact, that shows the skilled care of many, many
largest and most important of these books are years.
Our few hedges are all new; an old
collections of drawings and photographic re- hedge is almost unknown in America; for the
productions, relating, one to English and Scotch yews and hollies of English hedges did not
gardens, the other to American gardens. It flourish here. With the recent establishment
has been pleasant to study them together, to of hedges, an air of stability and finality has
compare them, and to note the differences in been given to our gardens, which has added
the gardens thus represented.
infinitely to their charm.
Mr. Inigo Triggs's work on “Formal Gar-
The book entitled “ American Gardens,
dens in England and Scotland” is in three edited by the well-known architect Mr. Guy
parts. Part I. has 118 pages of plates; of Lowell, has been frequently compared to
these, but sixteen are actual photographs of
somewhat similar book on English gardens,
English and Scotch gardens, while the others called “Gardens Old and New"; and the
are sketch-plans and elevations, drawings of American photographs have been disparaged.
gates, walls, bits of terraces, fountains, sun They certainly equal the English views in
dials, garden houses, lead figures, vases, col quality; but some may appear inferior because
umns, cornices, balustrades, dove-cotes, garden. there are two or even four views on a single
steps, knots, parterres, and various garden- page, -- an arrangement which is to be de-
furnishings. The photographs of gardens in plored. It was not the intent of the American
this part contribute little that is new to the book, as of the English one, to display only
published information about English gardens, the views of costly and elaborate gardens of
especially to those who have read the pages and houses of great wealth; many views are given
seen the illustrations in Country Life” during of old gardens of small size and historic in.
the six years of its existence. But the sketch terest, others of small size but of great artistic
plans and elevations are of great interest and
merit. The views of old gardens are in general
value, both to garden-lovers and garden-archi- the most pleasing. In looking over the assem-
tects. Part II. of Mr. Triggs's work shows a
bled American views, I am struck with the
wonderful advance over Part I. both in interest indigenous aspect which the American garden
and beauty. Some familiar English gardens has developed. We have taken our plans and
of rather hackneyed illustration are shown, as notions from foreign gardens, chiefly those of
those of Hampton Court and Levens Hall; but England, with hints from Holland and Italy;
* FORMAL GARDENS IN ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND. By H. but Nature has prohibited an exact imitation
Inigo Triggs. In three parts. With photogravure plates, and suggested new features entirely unlike the
New York: Imported by Charles Scribner's Sons.
gardens of Europe. So wonderfully is this
AMERICAN GARDENS. Edited by Guy Lowell. Illustrated.
shown in this book that I am led to believe
Boston : Bates & Guild Co.
MINIATURE AND WINDOW GARDENING. By Phoebe Allen
that garden-making will become a representa-
and Dr. Godfrey, New York: James Pott & Co.
tive art in America, and be regarded as an in-
A GARDEN IN THE SUBURBS. By Mrs. Leslie Williams. digenous art, — if such a term be proper.
I
Illustrated. New York: Jobn Lane.
FLOWERS AND GARDENS: Notes on Plant Beauty. By
am glad to think of this book as going to
Forbes Watson ; edited by Rev. Canon Ellacombe. With England, where it will show to English readers
photogravure portrait. New York: John Lane.
how unlike a real American garden is the so-
GARDEN-CRAFT, OLD AND New. By John D. Sedding;
with a memorial notice by Rev. E, F, Russell. Illustrated.
called “ American garden” of the English
New York: John Lane.
florist and gardener, a garden where crim-


1902.)
375
THE DIAL
are.
son, purple, and magenta rhododendrons are
the city's poor,
In the planting of window-
blended and jumbled, and bordered with pink boxes in this Block Beautiful, much monotony
and orange and salmon azalias; a garden which at first obtained. We had scarcely more
contains a few plants of what the English gar- variety than the “widow-woman” of “Pas-
dener calls “ American wood-lilies," and dog. quile's Jests" (1604), wherein it was told at
tooth violets, and California poppies, and which a country-inn, as a matter of vast wonder, that
is supposed to remind us of home." An in London the citizens "take in their gardens
other agreeable truth proved by this American at night within their windows, and let them
book of gardens is the fact that a lovely gar out in the morning.” Whereat gaping yokels
den and even a formal garden is within the went
up
to London town in a body to see the
possibility of the flower-lover of moderate rare sight, and they did there behold the
means. Photography often gives an exagger- widow-woman putting out at her casements
ated perspective, and has made some of these boxes of “ Gilly-Flowers, Coronations, and
gardens appear much larger than they really Herbs.” Formal geraniums, pale nasturtiums,
But a majority of those shown are of graceless aspidistras, and dull ivy replaced
comparatively slight cost and not of large size; in our window-boxes but sadly the sweet-
in fact, some of the most charming are the scented, free-blooming, grateful, kindly Eliza-
least costly ones. The book has a few well. bethan blossoms of the old jest-book. But we
written pages as a prologue, and as an epilogue have now a little book of scarcely more pages
the sketch-plans of all the formal gardens pic or bigger size, entitled “ Miniature and Win.
tured in it. The Introduction is so well written dow Gardening,” which offers to all readers
and interesting that the reader wishes it were great variety of choice in window plants as
much longer.
well as most intelligent advice about making
These two books offer an answer to the and maintaining the boxes ; and also the plant-
question asked so frequently of late, “Where ing of small city gardens and our hopeless
can I find drawings and views to aid me in back-yards. The book is so informal in diction
laying out a formal garden ?” Usually it is and direct in expression, that it is as helpful as
also qualified by being a small formal garden; having an experienced and intelligent gardener
which makes somewhat superfluous the reply, at hand to answer questions; and it is written
“Employ a skilled architect to make drawings for American climate and American money,
and estimates for you.” The great need in a and in that is a treasure, for nearly all in-
successful formal garden is that it shall be structive books on gardening are English and
“on scale," and of course a skilled designer is in general for the friendly climate of western
far more able to accomplish this than a hap- England, and bewilder us with lists of flowers
hazard flower-lover. For the garden changes ; that will blossom in December, and others
shrubberies alter in density and shape ; trees which should be planted in January.
grow surprisingly; it hurts so to cut down a 66 A Garden in the Suburbs" is one of the
tree, or remove a beautiful shrub; and in a several books evoked of late in the manner of
few years all the proportions of the garden are Mrs. Earle's “ Pot-pourri in a Surrey Gar-
changed and lost.
den," a familiar record of homely thoughts in a
The writer of this review has a winter home garden, on flowers and fruits, and on
home in the city of Greater New York, which subjects suggested by and akin to gardening.
chances to be upon the block chosen, on ac None of these several followers of Mrs. Earle
count of the permanency of its residents, by have equalled the prototype in interest or value,
the Municipal Art League of that city to prove for hers is the sort of book and sort of literary
what can be done to beautify a block of city composition which does not well bear imitation.
houses by means of tree and vine planting, The original had the charm of frank narrative;
and the placing and planting of window-boxes. but this was the narrative of a charming woman,
This block was jestingly dubbed the “ Block and the book was also useful. 6 A Garden in
Beautiful” (though the name and adjective the Suburbs” is of little value to the American
seem to have naught in common). The fami- garden-maker, and it is, I believe, the only
lies resident thereon all leave the city in early one of Mr. John Lave's round dozen " Books
summer and do not return till late autumn; so about Gardens ” which is not. The book is a
the adorning of these houses is purely a public- distinct negative in style; it is full of what
spirited deed, to gratify the eyes of chance not to do, and what wasn't done right, and
passers-by, — who are chiefly, in mid-summer, what that special soil would not grow, and


376
(June 1,
THE DIAL
what flowers would not bloom in that garden ; such a touching and unusual manner, that I
and it communicates this characteristic nega am tempted do dwell longer on the man than
tion to the reader.
on his book. It made so profound an impres-
Among these books of Mr. Lane's are re sion on me when I first read it that it has ever
prints of two of the classics of garden-literature, stood out in my memory as the record of one
- Forbes Watson's “ Flowers and Gardens," of those singularly exalted natures which one
published nearly thirty years ago, and John meets or reads of so rarely. Sedding has been
Sedding's “ Garden-Craft Old and New," pub- termed by British enthusiasts the “ Isaak
lished first in 1890. A certain pathetic interest Walton of Gardening.” I search in vain for
attaches to both of these books, written by men the slightest verisimilitude of thought which
of enthusiasm and genius, who died young. should warrant this title. There is nothing in
Dr. Watson's book was written during the last his literary style or his teaching to suggest it;
painful months of an insidious disease, and he has none of Walton's love of country-life in
finished two days before his death. Sedding's the fields, nor Walton's quaintness and sim-
had been given to the publishers; but he died plicity of speech; his book is that of a crafts-
suddenly before it was set in type. The first man, as its title indicates, and is apparently
half of Dr. Watson's book is devoted to a series written to prove the truth of Sir Walter Scott's
of monographs on a handful of familiar flowers,
line,“
Nothing is more truly the Child of Art
the snowdrop, snowflake, daffodil, crocus, and than a Garden.” He says plainly:
others; these are the most extraordinary plant “ Because Art stands sponsor for the grace of a Gar.
portraits ever written. Every line of color, den, because all gardening is Art or nothing, we need
every outline of petal, every curve of leaf, re not fear to overdo Art in a garden, nor need we fear to
vealed to this author the full secret of its beauty
make avowal of the secret of its charm. I have no
more scruple in using the scissors upon tree or shrub
and meaning; and his deeply religious and ar.
where trimness is desirable than I have in mowing the
tistic nature made him understand and translate turf of a lawn that once represented the virgin world.
this secret of plant-life and plant-beauty into There is a quaint charm in the results of the topiary
words. The second part, on Gardens, dealt the
art, in the prim imagery of evergreens that all ages
have felt."
first effective blow at“ bedding-out gardening,"
and that at a time when such gardens were a He pleads for the cedar-walks, the bowers, the
British idol. Its two sections, “ Faults in Gar alleys, the mazes, the high hedges of the old
dening” and “Gardeners' Flowers,” contain English pleasaunce, “bidden happily and
someof the most exquisite sentences and thoughts shielded safe.” Sedding's essays are purely
upon gardens in the English language, and some academic in character, and deal with generali.
of the most keenly sarcastic as well. In his out ties rather than special illustrations. In the
burst against variegated foliage, he ridicules chapter entitled " The Technics of Gardening”
the “scarlet geranium whose leaf edges are he enters into some detail, giving suggestions
broadly buttered around,”and writes of colors as to the selection and placing of plants and
frittered away amid contrasts of leaves, spotted trees, the relations of the house to the terraces,
and streaked in every sort of deformity, lawns, etc., and he gives a few sketches and
green grounds peppered over with bright red, diagrams, of much “piceness” of drawing, as
or tricksily wrought out in cream color.” And became an architect, which he was. His chap-
with what keen and sensible words he writes of ters are thoroughly scholarly, showing ample
doubled flowers ; not too sweeping in aversion, reading of garden-literature and ready quota-
but giving honor where honor is due — as to tion. He notes ably how the texture of the
the double peony. Part III. of the book, “ On speech of the old poets Herrick, Herbert,
Vegetation,” has an exquisite chapter on “The Donne, Vaughan, and infinitely Shakespeare,
Withering of Plants," -- a chapter which has is saturated with garden-imagery; and his
a deep inner meaning when we recall that it chapters are persuasive as well, for he had
was written in the fading of the author's own both the culture and the enthusiasm to fit him
life.
to write effectively upon his chosen subject.
The Preface of John Sedding's book on He is unsparing of criticism of the Natural”
“Garden-Craft” was lovingly written by a school of gardening, as advocated by Mr. Rob-
fellow-worker in the Church, and displays to inson ; and he formed a strong ally to the party
us so noble a character, so sensitive, lovable, which waged war against that school, though
and impulsive a nature, so beautiful and relig his book has one chapter entitled “In Praise
ious a life, ended with that of his wife Rose in of Savagery." The Formal Garden was never
-


1902.)
377
THE DIAL
more ably championed ; and he does more — which the letter-press has been written, the
he makes his readers love it. He longed to narrative still running in the first person as the
see the old gardens reproduced everywhere, father's experience. Both father and daughter
hoping they would bring back with them the are in love with Japan and its art. Mr. Menpes
charm of the quiet beautiful life of their day. seems to have taken the attitude, while with the
He calls them “ beautiful yesterday, beautiful natives of the country, of a fellow-workman in
to-day, beautiful always.” He loved the old the finer things of life, who was seeking means
gardens for qualities which I have ever felt of comparison and instruction. This sincere
and loved in them, as tangible shapes of the and sympathetic attitude gained for him an
moods and tastes of our ancestors; as embodi- insight into the inner lives of this marvellous
ments of ancient worth and stability; as evi- people, particularly those of the artist-artisan
dences of a devotion to one's pative land and class so common there and so rare elsewhere.
one's home soil, and interest in and effort to The pictures in color which decorate the book
beautify it. It is seldom given to a reviewer leave it almost or quite without a peer among
to help to awaken a general interest in books volumes of its kind. A characteristic passage
he has long known and cared for. These two is selected from many for quotation here,
books of these two English garden-lovers, though it is to be regretted that space does
printed first in but small number, have been not suffice for telling the story of the manner
known and beloved by me for over a decade, in which Mr. Men pes procured the specially-
and I trust their reprints may find hundreds of wrought furnishings of his London house in
lovers and readers in America in decades to lieu of this :
come.
ALICE MORSE EARLE.
“A Japanese gardener spends his whole life in
studying his trade, and just as earnestly and just as
comprehensively as a doctor would study medicine. I
was once struck by seeing a little man sitting on a box
outside of a silk-store on a bald plot of ground. For
RECENT BOOKS OF TRAVEL.*
three consecutive days I saw this little man sitting on
the same little box, forever smiling and knocking out
The most beautiful of recent travel books, the ash from his miniature pipe. All day long he sat
and in some respects the most interesting also, there, never moving, never talking, — he seemed to
is the unbackneyed work on Japan, by the
be doing nothing but smoking and dreaming. On the
third day I pointed this little man out to the merchant
painter Mortimer Menpes, and his daughter
who owned the store, and asked what the little man was
Miss Dorothy Menpes. The father has pro- doing and why he sat there. He's thinking,' said the
vided no fewer than one hundred charming mierchant. Yes; but why must be think on that bald
illustrations in color, and has furnished his spot of ground ? What is he going to do?' I asked,
youthful amanuensis with the material from
perplexed. The merchant gazed at me in astonishment,
mingled with pity. Don't you know,' he said, he is
* JAPAN: A RECORD IN COLOUR. By Mortimer Menpes. one of our greatest landscape gardeners, and for three
Transcribed by Dorothy Menpes. New York: The Mac days he has been thinking out a garden for me? If you
millan Co.
care to come here in a few days,' he added, I will
TEN YEARS IN BURMA. By the Rev. Julius Smith, New show you the drawings for that garden all completed.'
York: Eaton & Mains.
I came in a few days, and I was shown the most
LETTERS FROM EGYPT AND PALESTINE. By Maltbie exquisite set of drawings it has ever been my good
Davenport Babcock, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
fortune to behold. What a garden it would be !
The Moors. A Comprehensive Description. By Budgett There were full-grown trees, stepping-stones, miniature
Meakin. New York: The Macmillan Co.
bridges, ponds of gold-fish — all presenting an appear-
A RIDE IN MOROCCO, AMONG BELIEVERS AND TRADERS.
By Frances MaoNab. New York : Longmans, Green, & Co.
ance of vastness, yet in reality occupying an area the
size of a small room. And not only was the garden
SEVENTY-ONE Days' CAMPING IN MOROCCO. By Agnes
itself planned out and designed, but it was also
Grove. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co.
Two WINTERS IN NORWAY. Being an Account of Two
arranged to form a pattern in relation to the trees and
Holidays Spent on Snow-Shoes and in Sleigh-Driving, and
the houses and the surrounding hills.”
including an Expedition to the Lapps. By Edmund Spender, The Rev. Julius Smith's "Ten Years in
B.A., Ozon. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co.
A GOLDEN WAY. Being Notes and Impressions on a
Burma” is a record of the missions planted in
Journey through Ireland, Scotland, and England. By Albert that country by the American Methodist Epis-
LeRoy Bartlett. New York: The Abbey Press.
copal Church, which have gone unrecorded
OCEAN TO OCEAN, An Account, Personal and Historical,
of Nicaragua and Its People. By J. W. G. Walker, U.S. N.
until now, though they are twenty-two years
Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co.
old. This country has a particular interest for
THE LAND OF NOME. A Narrative Sketch of the Rush to missionaries from the United States, for it was
Our Bering Sea Gold-Fields, the Country, Its Mines and Its
there that Adoniram Judson and Luther Rice
People, and the History of a Great Conspiracy, 1900–1901.
By Lanier McKee. New York: The Grafton Press.
went in 1812, the first of their countrymen to
6


378
(June 1,
THE DIAL
embark on this pious enterprise. Mr. Smith himself as an authority on the country in all
records the fact that the proselytes made by respects, and his preface contains a touching
these two men have perpetuated their work, account of the disadvantages and rebuffs under
and that to their teachings, borne out in prac- which he began his studies, and the manner in
tice, is to be ascribed the survival of the Karens, which the difficulties have been surmounted.
a race seemingly marked for extinction. Mr. Living long in the land, he has attained the
Smith has a great deal to say about the evil comprehension that leads to sympathy, and his
effects of intoxicating drink on the Burmese, book is everywhere informed with good-will
and yet fails to say that they were, like all un and understanding. It differs from its prede-
contaminated Buddhists, among the most ab cessors in having a uniformly lighter touch,
stemious peoples in the world until Great discussing all sides of Moorish life, and bring-
Britain established the miserable trade in ing out the virtues of the people side by side
liquor in the kingdom. The book shows good with their evident limitations. He
He says, for
progress made, reports the marked results ob- example:
tained by the mission priests of the Roman “When a Moor is treated to a good joke, be knows
Church, and urges the need of many more how to enjoy it to the full; and, seated on the floor,
laborers in a most promising vineyard. It
he sways backwards and forwards without restraint to
seems a pity that some of these devoted and
his laughter, a common practice being for the speaker
and listener so to enjoy it together, raising their right
self-sacrificing men cannot conduct a mission
hands far above their heads as they roll back, and then,
to the putative Christians who are selling the with a sweep round, bringing them together for a
Burmese bad rum!
hearty shake: there was never invented a grander way
Dr. Maltbie Davenport Babcock, pastor of
for enjoying a joke. The women, when happy, give
the Brick Presbyterian Church in New York
vent to their feelings by a shrill ululation produced by
the soft palate: “Yoo yoo, yoo yoo, yoo yoo yoo!' which
City, died abroad last year, while engaged in it would be difficult for untrained women to produce,
the extended journey which he has set forth in and out of the question for men to attempt."
detail in the Letters from Egypt and Pales The modern ideas regarding womankind in
tine,” now published in response to the demands general have not penetrated to the Moors, as
of his congregation. These letters were writ-
the following citation of authority attests :
ten to be read to the Men's Association in the
« The estimation in which Mohammedans hold the
church, and form a continuous narrative of
common-sense of their women may be judged from the
the author's wanderings in Egypt, the Holy advice of the Imam et-Tarai: “It is desirable for a man,
Land, and through to Constantinople, all art before entering upon any important undertaking, to con-
lessly and vivaciously told. Designed for such
sult ten intelligent friends; or if he have not more than
an audience and not for the general reading
five such friends, let him consult each of them twice;
or if he have no more than one such friend, he should
public, they are more intimate in their nature consult that one at ten different times; if he bave none
than most tales of the kind, and betray a kindly to consult, let him consult his wife, and whatever she
and attractive personality.
advises him, let him do the opposite; so shall be pro-
It is not difficult to account for the cause
ceed rightly in his affair, and attain his object.""
that has sent three books concerning the em-
Miss Frances MacNab has travelled exten-
pire of Morocco into the world at once. The sively in South Africa and British Columbia,
people and their country stand quite alone as and though she did not leave the beaten paths
Moslem on the shores of the Mediterranean in Morocco, she brought keen and trained
Sea, wholly under the control of nations reck. powers of observation to her task of setting
oned in Christendom until its eastern extremity forth, in “A Ride in Morocco," the facts
is reached. Slavery and polygamy flourish within her rather narrow limits. Of most in-
there unabashed, and the degree of culture is terest to Americans will be the chapter in
that of centuries ago. Nowhere can the civil which she relates the sailing up of the Ameri-
ization of Europe and America be left so far can armored cruiser “ New York” for the pur-
behind in so short a voyage, and the land seems pose of settling a dispute with the Moorish
destined to secure a larger and larger share of empire, and its subsequent sailing away again
the business of tourists. Of the three books,
Of the three books, with its task unaccomplished, amid the broad
Mr. Budgett Meakin's “The Moors" is some smiles of the unterrified Moslems, -indicating
thing more than a mere record of a brief so that the world-power" business is in need of
journ. By his three preceding volumes on the more training if it is to be successful. Our ex-
same general topic, one of them published less traordinary consular service is illustrated by
than a year ago, Mr. Meakin has established the following excerpt:


1902.)
379
THE DIAL
one.
em-
“Morocco is not a country which lends itself to the “By the judge's box a flag is lowered, a mournful
compiling of reports. I never was anywhere where note is sounded somewhere out of sight, and whilst we
statistics or figures helped one so little. They wrote are wondering and raising our eyes upwards we espy a
to me from Washington,' said Captain Cobb, to send black speck racing down the hill, and before we can
them a report of the cholera. So I started out to see quite take in what has happened the first jumper has
what I could do, and I met two Moors dragging a dead reached the base of the hill. We are dullards, and
So I said, “ What killed that man? And they have to collect our thoughts more sharply. Another
said, “ Allah — Allah killed him." I went a little fur note is sounded, another black figure darts down; we
ther and met another, and I asked, “What killed that turn around; he is in the air, and he too has reached
man?” and they said, “ Allah.” So I came back, and the bottom. We have to be sharper still if we wish to
wrote to say that I had seen two dead Moors, and the watch the jumper throughout. First he slips over the
people said God had killed them, and that was all I brow of the hill, tears down the narrow incline with
knew.' What occurred in Washington when this report feet well set, but knees bent and with eyes straining
was received I do not know, but the account gives an towards the bank from which he is to make his leap.
absolutely just idea of some of the obstacles in the way There is silence, the breath of everyone is checked, the
of making reports, and the value of some reports when jumper bas reached the platform, he springs right for-
made."
ward, away into space, steadies himself in mid-air, still
Lady Agnes Grove visited Morocco with her for the tenth of a second, then he drops like a hawk
husband and several friends of both sexes, and
onto the slope of the hill beneath. Here comes the real
test, for if he has done well he will land so that his
their experiences and observations are
right foot is slightly in advance of his left, but pointing
bodied in her book entitled “Seventy-one Days' straight in front with knees barely bent and his hands
Camping in Morocco.” She was at Mogador, rigid at his side. Then he slips down as he holds him-
and went hunting in the mountains, receiving joins the little knot of those who have preceded him
self erect into the flat open space beneath, where he
several incidental invitations from natives to
and are ready to congratulate him upon his neatness of
visit them in remote districts; and it is easily to style.”
be credited that she would have accepted these
“ A Golden Way,” by Mr. Albert Le Roy
if left to herself, notwithstanding the rather Bartlett, is a good illustration of the fact that
disquieting nature of the following passage: the traveller takes his capacity for enjoyment
“Every eminence, every mountain pass, and almost
with him, instead of finding it on the road.
every road in the plain along which we travelled, bear
Mr. Bartlett filled his mind with the literature
witness in the shape of heaps of stones to battle, murder,
and sudden death. If a solitary heap is seen, then it of England and the sister kingdoms before he
has been a murder; if the heaps are many, then it is began his journey across them,— largely on
the site of one or perhaps several battles — possibly foot, - and his book abounds in literary allu-
through one of the murders having created a blood
sions. In Ireland he went to Muckross Lake,
feud' between two tribes, when the first murdered man
having been avenged, the avenger in his turn is sought
and he preserves some of the anecdotes related
out and killed, and so the feud continues from genera-
to him by his guide, the first in reference to
tion to generation, when the origin of the quarrel is a the small island in the middle of that beautiful
mere tradition and perhaps even unknown. Some of little sheet of water.
the heaps of stones consist of as few perbaps as five
stones, but so arranged as to prevent any possibility of
" An' let me tell yes,' said Robert, how thet island
their having been mistaken for a natural or accidental
came there. Do ye see thet mountain up there with
heap. In some cases the branches of the trees were
the hole in the side? Well, the Divil one marnin' hed
piled up with stones, showing that the combatant had jist taken a bite out of thet mountain for his breakfast,
been shot dead in his post of vantage.”
an' gone on a walk across the lake, whin he met the
O'Donahue. The O'Donahue was a very polite man,
Mr. Spender, the author of “Two Winters
an’ whin he met the Divil, “Good marnin' to your lard-
in Norway,” seems to have been a fairly good ship,” says the O'Donahue. Now the Divil did not wish
traveller, though he indulges in an occasional to be outdone in politeness by the O'Donahue, an'
British protest because the Norwegian hotels
“Good marnin' to yourself,” says the Divil. An' whin
would not give him marmalade or jam for his
he opened his mouth, the mouthful fell out an' made
thet island.'. ..
breakfast. His journey to the Lapps, though 06. An' let me tell yes,' said Robert, 'two years ago
given a chapter, was absolutely barren of note-
an American gintleman came here, an' he went up to
worthy results, only a family or two having thet very punchbowl [a pool just above the lake]. It
been visited after a great deal of trouble. Per-
was a very warm day, an' he says to me, “ Robert, I'll
be after havin' a swim here." « Indade ye must not,”
haps the most interesting chapter in the book
says I; “ there's no bottom to the hole, sir.”
“ Thin,
deals with “ski-lobing," the national winter
Robert,” says he, “I'll just dive through it.” An'
sport of the country, consisting of a long slide nather mesilf nor his frinds could prevint him. So he
down a hill on the native spow-shoes, ending made a great spring, an' down he wint. We waited
in a leap through the air, the difficulty being he wasn't back. An hour more, an’ we gathered up
for him to rise, an' he niver came. Tin minutes, an'
to come up standing on the snow below. Mr.
his clothes and wint back to the hotel. His frinds were
Spender describes it thus :
distracted, an' they wint up the next day, but there was
99


880
(June 1,
THE DIAL
no trace of him. They waited there two weeks for him, a lawyer by profession. Hearing of the dis-
thinkin' his body would rise; but it didn't. Now gintle covery of gold at Nome — rather literally " the
min, twelve weeks from the day thet he dived there
came a telegram from Australia, sayin', " I've arrived. jumping-off place of the world,” as he calls it-
Sind on me clothes." » »
he made a study of the laws governing mining
Lieutenant J. W. G. Walker, of the U. S. localities as a preliminary, and in June of
Navy, was attached to the party which made
1900 arrived at the rapidly growing town.
the preliminary survey on the Nicaraguan Here he became interested as the attorney for
Canal for the United States Commission, and
one of the litigants in a case, or series of cases,
he reports strongly in favor of the adoption of
which involved enormously valuable interests
that route. He believes that either that or the
at that point, and no small part of his breezily
cutting at Panama is entirely practicable, and
told narrative is concerned with the scandal
that the cost will be much the same, if the
which ensued, resulting recently in the re-
United States bas to pay no more than $40, moval of the Alaskan judge opposed to his
000,000 for the work already done by the
clients. In this recital it is quite evident that
French company at Panama. He notes, too,
he intends to be fair, though an attorney under
that the cost of operating the Nicaraguan retainer is not always a disinterested witness.
route will be $3,300,000 a year, not less than
Besides this, the book shows the possibilities
$1,300,000 more than its rival. Then, on the
of success in a mining region without taking
other hand, he sets forth that the more north. part in the arduous manual labor which mining
erly channel will effect a saving of a day or two
itself involves, granted a sound mind and body.
on all American commerce, except that com.
The extract following, describing Nome itself
ing from the South American coasts through and the sorrows of some men with more appar-
the canal to our own shores, Atlantic or atus than experience, is characteristic.
Pacific; that the hygienic conditions about “Hundreds were living in tents upon the beach,
Nicaragua are better, with less interruption
thanks to the clemency of the weather. Within a very
short distance from our camp, with their freight piled
from quarantine; that it is possible to de-
about, were the syndicate,' and quite unenthusiastic.
velop the countries through which the more Actually, the syndicate' were selling out, and without
northern canal passes, while Panama is hope. a struggle. Several of its members very soon bade us
lessly barren; and that the trade-winds pre-
farewell, and pulled out for what they thought the
vailing in the Nicaraguan belt will give sailing of the mines on Anvil Creek even then, and with only
real thing' - quartz mines in Oregon. And yet some
ships an advantage of nine days in reaching the a few men shovelling the pay dirt into the sluice boxes,
termini of the channel. The enterprise will be were turning out from ten to fifteen thousand dollars a
commercially profitable, and much more than
day. To be sure, this was for the few only, but, at the
self-sustaining, in either event. In addition to
same time, it went to prove that the country was not a
fraud. Even the dirt in those miserable Nome streets
a pleasant recital of his own experiences in the
contained colors,' or small particles of gold; and it is an
country, Lieutenant Walker has prepared an incongruous thought that, of all the cities of the world,
historical account of Nicaragua, including a Nome City, as it is called, most nearly approaches the
brief memoir of his kinsman, William Walker, apocalyptic condition of having its streets paved with
the great filibuster. The book is one of value,
the possibility of the destruction of canal struc-
Good books of travel are so interesting and
tures by volcanic action being fully anticipated.
so well worth reading, that it is to be hoped
After reciting the disturbances of a seismic
the enormous growth of libraries, and the con-
nature that have occurred within historic times, sequent increase of moneys available for the
the author concludes thus :
purchase of this rather expensive class of
“ It will be seen that volcanic activity near the books, will soon persuade American publishers
canal line is in a state of decadence, and that, judging into the policy of bringing out enough of them
from appearances, any further outbreak will be likely to give America fairer and more adequate rep-
to occur near the middle of one of the volcanic ranges. resentation in comparison with England.
When it is remembered that the destructive effect of
an earthquake is limited to a comparatively small area
WALLACE RICE.
immediately surrounding the epicentrum, there seems
to be no reason for anticipating destructive shocks along
the line of the proposed canal. Experience tends to
The late Augustus De Morgan's paper “On the
show the soundness of this deduction, for shocks which
Difficulty of Correct Description of Books" has been
have done much damage in Leon and Managua have
reprinted as a publication of the Bibliographical Society
been quite harmless at Rivas.”
of Chicago, with an editorial note by Mr. Aksel G. S.
Josephson. The edition is limited, and evidently in-
Mr. Lanier McKee, author of “ The Land
tended for members of the Society alone. It makes a
of Nome,” is a recent graduate of Yale, and pamphlet of much interest and bibliographical value.
gold !"
:
-


1902.)
881
THE DIAL
tention is worthily rewarded. Mrs. Wheelock
BOOKS OF OUT-DOOR LIFE.*
is untiring in the acquisition of bird-craft, and
A genuine interest in bird-study is not a has allowed no sacrifice of physical comfort to
passing emotion. Once astir in the earnest
Once astir in the earnest deter her from the study of the feathered kind
heart, the delight of it remains a source of in their early growth and development. Day
active and ever fresh enjoyment, or abides as after day in spring and a large part of sum-
a lasting and beautiful memory. There is mer, the first flush of dawn has found her on
continual proof of this in the literature which the watch by their cradles in the marsh, the
embodies the experiences of bird-lovers, all of meadow, and the forest, to note the changes in
whom are fervent and most of them eloquent babit and aspect the hours have wrought dur-
narrators. The intensity of their feeling gives ing their period of bird- babyhood. Burning
them felicity of expression, and they become, heat which sent the mercury up into the nine-
as by a masterful impulse, fluent and pictur- ties, and the hundr
ties, and the hundreds even, has failed to daunt
esque in dealing with their subject. It is so her. She and her faithful companion, the
with the lovers of nature in any of its mani “ Man with the Camera,” followed the fortunes
fold phases. There is scarcely a volume of the of rail and quail, blackbird and sandpiper,
increasing number recording investigations in from the building of the nest to the departure
animal or plant life which is not charming and of the valiant fledglings on free, buoyant wing.
infectious in spirit and statement.
From such unfaltering vigilance there must
Take the “ Nestlings of Forest and Marsh," result new and valuable incidents in the his.
by Mrs. Irene Grosvenor Wheelock, as a tory of bird-life. These give Mrs. Wheelock's
chance example. The reader's attention is book an importance readily recognized. The
immediately arrested by the subtle grace of external beauty of the volume adds a feature
the language. It would not greatly matter if deserving favorable notice. The fair, open
there were not much that is new being told ;
page, enriched with text illustrations and pho-
the way of telling suffices. But there is really togravures from original photographs, are in
not a little that is new in the book, and the at-
harmony with the pleasing contents.
* NESTLINGS OF FOREST AND MARSH. By Irene Gros An equally striking instance of the spell
venor Wheelock. With twelve full-page Photogravures and which nature-themes exercise over speaker and
many Illustrations in the text from Original Photographs
from Nature, by Harry B. Wheelock. Chicago: A. C.
hearer is afforded in the story of “ Hezekiah's
McClurg & Co.
Wives,” by Mrs. Lillie Hamilton French.
HEZEKIAH's Wives. By Lillie Hamilton French. With Hezekiah was only a canary bird, and his wives
frontispiece. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
were canaries like himself; yet the doings of
Wild LIFE OF ORCHARD AND FIELD. Papers on Amer-
ican Life. By Ernest Ingersoll. Illustrated from Photo-
these small and by no means uncommon crea-
graphs. New York: Harper & Brothers.
tures so moved the beart and the imagination
FIELD-BOOK OF AMERICAN Wild-FLOWERS. Being a
of their mistress that her rehearsal of them
Short Description of their Character and Habits, a concise
Definition of their Colors, and Incidental References to the
rouses a kindred enthusiasm in her audience.
Insects which assist in their Fertilization. By F. Schuyler That a bird may have a pronounced personality,
Mathews. With Numerous Reproductions of Water-Colors
and Pen-and-ink Studies from Nature, by the author. New
that it may approach near to humanity in its
York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
qualities, its affections, and its preferences, one
ACCORDING TO SEASON. Talks about the Flowers in the is quickly convinced by her persuasive manner
Order of their Appearance in the Woods and Fields. By
“ Hezekiah"
of putting the case.
Frances Theodora Parsons. New and Enlarged Edition, with
thirty-two Plates in Colors, by Elsie Louise Shaw. New markable specimen of the ovion tribe, there is
York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
no doubt; but his natural gifts were developed
AMONG THE NIGHT PEOPLE. By Clara Dillingham Pier-
to a great extent by the sympathetic compan-
Illustrated by F. C. Gordon, New York: E. P. Dut-
ton & Co.
ionship of the lady who treated him as one
NEXT TO THE GROUND. Chronicles of a Countryside. faithful and considerate friend treats another.
By Martha McCulloch-Williams. New York: McClure,
It is suggestive evidence of the capacities of
Phillips & Co.
FOREST NEIGHBORS. Life Stories of Wild Animals. By
heart and head, as yet for the most part un.
William Davenport Hulbert, Illustrated. New York: suspected, which belong to our fellow-beings in
McClure, Phillips & Co.
the lower ranks of creation. None who make
THE BROOK BOOK. A First Acquaintance with the
Brook and its Inhabitants through the Changing Year. By
the acquaintance of “ Hezekiah,” though at
Mary Rogers Miller, Lecturer on Nature Study at Cornell second-hand, can fail to be touched by the
University. Illustrated. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co.
record of his virtues and moved to a more
NATURE STUDY AND LIFE. By Clifton F. Hodge, Ph.D.,
Assistant Professor in Clark University. Illustrated. Boston:
kindly regard for all his race.
Ginn & Co.
A large part of the “ Wild Life of Orchard
was a re-
son.


382
(June 1,
THE DIAL
and Field," by Mr. Ernest Ingersoll, relates fication of the eye is the first end sought. The
to our common birds, the remaining portion æsthetic sense is considered, and all that can
treating of small quadrupeds, such as mice, win its approval is ingeniously attempted.
squirrels, and weasels, with one chapter given Whatever art can devise is now employed to
to notes upon the snail. The book is a revision give outward charm to the book that covets our
and enlargement of a volume published by the commendation. We feel this sensibly in the
author some years ago under the title of “talks about flowers," by Mrs. Frances Tbeo-
“ Friends Worth Knowing.” In its present dora Parsons, which she brings out in a new
form it contains a store of late and curious edition, retaining the former name “ According
facts gleaned from wide reading, together with to Season.” One has a prolonged satisfaction
original investigation. Mr. Ingersoll has the in scanning without reading the pages, in dwell-
art of presenting his matter attractively, and ing upon the pictures alone and marking the
calling to his aid interpretative illustrations. refined details which lend them distinction.
A book that can be slipped into the pocket It is a privilege to own such a book for its ar-
is a desideratum on many occasions, and never tistic charm. And its contents well deserve
more so than when one goes afield and would their setting. They form a sort of flower cal-
be free as may be from hand-baggage, which, endar, bringing into prominence the species
even of the lightest sort, has a way of growing which peculiarly mark the seasons from winter
into a grievous burden as the hours pass on. around to winter again. The writer is on in-
Realizing this circumstance, Mr. F. Schuyler timate terms with nature, familiar with her
Mathews has conferred a veritable boon upon varied manifestations, and winning from her
botanical collectors by so shaping his “ Field many secrets unknown to basty or casual ob-
Book of American Wild Flowers" that when servers. These secrets she imparts to the
not in use it can be stowed away in a side reader with an easy and confident air that is
pocket and happily forgotten. But the book no small factor in the happy impression her
can boast of still higher qualities. It is writ book produces.
ten in plain English: that is, the Greek and In a series of short, light stories, written
Latin terms which make botany literally a for the delectation of young children, the lat-
science of hard words are almost wholly avoided, ter are taken out “ Among the Night People,"
and their place is supplied by the simple lan- by their popular entertainer, Mrs. Clara Dil-
guage to which we are all accustomed. One lingham Pierson, to witness the comedies and
page of the book is given to written descrip tragedies which these odd creatures enact while
tions; the opposite page pictures the plants hid by the curtain of the dark. All the adven-
described, in admirable drawings, occasionally tures thus brought to light are made known by
with colors applied. Over eigbt hundred species the animals themselves, who talk to each other
of our wild flowers are thus delineated, reliev. in unimpeachable English. Cut-worms, fire-
ing the student of the toil of analysis in order Alies, wigglers, weasels, raccoons, and the rest,
to learn the name and character of the blossom exhibit a play of mental and moral faculties
he would identify. It is an easy and agreeable akin to those with which human beings are en-
method of making friends of the flowers which dowed. In fact they are simply men, women,
greet one wherever there is soil enough to carry and children, masquerading in fur and feathers,
root and stem and leaf to their culmination. wings and claws, to fit the various parts they
It might be called the lazy man's botany, — assume. Such tales are amusing, beyond a
yet it will earn the gratitude of many a thorough doubt; but the question arises if the same pur-
worker in its field, who would gladly avail pose might not be attained by communicating
himself of helps that spare him labor and time. more truthful ideas of the aims and motives
To those of us whose memory reaches back prevailing in the animal world.
some decades more or less, there is a double Mrs. Martha McCulloch-Williams discloses
delight in turning over the books which now-a an astonishing knowledge of the business of
days come from an ambitious press. In the agriculture in the chronicles of a countryside
old times little was looked for beyond a plain to which she has given the title of “ Next to
binding and a sober page in the volumes which the Ground.” One might reasonably infer that
claimed our notice and found a place in staid she has had a life-long experience in turning
rows on our library shelves. What a contrast the furrow, in sowing and harvesting crops,
prevails at the present day! The prime appeal and in caring for the animals which are an
is still to the mental verdict, and yet the grati. essential adjunct of the farm. With minutest
-


1902.)
388
THE DIAL
detail she treats of ploughing, of clearing are copious line engravings of much delicacy
woodland, of conditions and effects of the and refinement. The text is a record of the
weather, of the labors and the pastimes which rambles of a naturalist along a brookside in
are the portion of humble and isolated tillers all weathers and at all seasons of the year.
of the soil. Separate chapters are devoted to Everything alive invited her attention. The
the respective traits and manners of the hog, beauty of the scenery rouses her enthusiasm,
the cow, the horse, and the barn-yard fowls. but her raptures are chiefly expended upon the
Incidentally, birds, insects, and wild animals, insects inhabiting the water, and the plants
which are most intimately associated with the that fringe its borders. She is skilful in her
farmer, are included in the careful description. discourse about them, withholding full descrip-
A thread of story runs through the narrative, tions and telling just enough to excite the
the scene of which is laid in Kentucky. reader's wish to know more, and, by following
: Up in the northern part of Michigan, thirty the writer's example, to find out for himself
years ago, there rested “ a big, broad, beauti- the facts that are missing in the half-unfolded
ful sheet of water set down in the very heart tale. Miss Miller, as she reveals herself in her
of the woods.” The banks were high and researches in the storehouse of nature, has an
clothed with a noble growth of hardwood and energetic personality, a vivacious and piquant
evergreen trees; the water itself was deep habit which is a continual stimulant to the
and clear, now blue under the cloudless heaven, spectator.
and now gold as it basked in the sunshine. A book whose purpose is ethical as well as
Here an explorer in the unbroken wilderness, practical, which combines wisdom with instruc-
captivated with the loveliness of the little lake, tion, is that in which Dr. Clifton F. Hodge, as-
brought his family to dwell, and here for sistant professor in Clark University, Worces-
years they had for companionship only “forest ter, Mass., outlines a system of “ Nature Study
neighbors” who came about them with un and Life," having for its express aim the de-
suspecting familiarity and were treated with velopment of character, of the will to do good,
the kindliness of honest friendship. The squir- of the power to create happiness.
“ Nature
rels, woodchucks, chipmunks, and porcupines Study,” he declares, “is learning those things in
were daily or nightly visitors at the lonely nature that are best worth knowing to the end
cabin; while the lynx, the bear, and the deer of doing those things that make life most worth
often ventured into the near vicinity. The living.” Of first importance are man's primitive
beavers built their dams in the brooks flowing relations to animal and plant life. Household
into the lake, and the loon and other water pets are the earliest playfellows of the child;
fowl swam on its surface, plunged deep below he should therefore begin his course of nature
for their diet of fish, and built their nests in lessons with a study of the dog, the cat, the
its sheltered places. The boy growing up amid horse, the toad, the rabbit, the bird, which
such isolated surroundings would naturally are daily under his eye, of which he knows
have many an interesting story to relate of something and should know everything that will
the wild denizens living close about him; and a stimulate his interest and sympathy and extend
store of these has been gathered into a volume their service to him in ways of pleasure or of
by Mr. William Davenport Hulbert, who was use. For the study of plants the author would
one of the pioneer's young family settled on the have the child sow the seed and watch the growth
shores of Glimmerglass lake. In his account until stem and leaf and flower beget seed in their
of his “ Forest Neighbors ” we see the animals turn. He adopts the motto of Mrs. Alice Free-
as he saw them, in a state of nature, true to man Palmer, “Give children large interests and
their instincts, and alive and intense in every give them young,” and charges it with a benefi-
act and impulse; and we follow their career cent motive for their future benefit. " If the
as he did, glad of their successes and grieved boys of a neighborhood make the raising of
over the misfortunes of the humblest among peaches and grapes impossible, a better remedy
them.
than the jail would be to start them to raising
Exquisite illustrations make “The Brook peaches and grapes of their own." In the study
Book," by Miss Mary Rogers Miller, a thing of insects, Dr. Hodge would have the child take
to be coveted. The transcripts, in half-tone, these which are near at hand, — the fly, the
of quiet landscapes with the brook always a mosquito, the cockroach, the moth, — and, leav-
central feature, are beautiful enough to frame ing to specialists details of structure and clas-
and hang ever in view. Beside these there l sification, learn its life-history by direct obser-


384
(June 1,
THE DIAL
vation. The child who has noted the conditions tion over the wilderness places, and so filled up the
of development in one of the lower animals has Arcadian recesses of the Catskills, the Adirondacks,
gained a dominion over it which will enable
the White Mountains, the Appalachians, the Rockies,
and the Cascades, with cottages, parks, and summer
him in maturity to subject it to his needs and hotels, where the worker and wage-earner may rest from
comfort. The mere knowledge attained is a their labors and the butterflies of fashion find a health-
secondary thing. Its worth consists in the con ful and ästhetic elysium ?”
trol it insures over inferior tribes which tend to The first object of the editor was to supply
become a pleasure or a pest to mankind. Here general information concerning the brook trout,
in lies the distinction of Dr. Hodge's system. without technical terms, for the average fisher-
The child discovers the practical value of the man who is interested in angling only as a sport
work he is pursuing, and rejoices in it accord or as a change from the activity of city life
ingly. Beauty and utility go hand in hand,
tility go hand in hand, and business cares. This result is very well
and he is willing to toil and sacrifice in order achieved in spite of the fact that the book is a
to produce results whereby the good is cherished series of articles by no less than eight different
and the evil is overcome. The book is intended authors. The unity of purpose is well sus-
largely for teachers or parents, and will be es tained throughout, and a comprehensive and
teemed by them for its felicitous and compre-
well-balanced treatise is the result. Mr. Hal-
hensive suggestions. SARA A. HUBBARD.
lock writes a general description of the trout
family, and Mr. Wm. C. Harris speaks from
long acquaintance of the habits of this wary
fish. We fear that neither geologists nor
THE BOOK OF THE TROUT.*
ichthyologists will give wide acceptance to Mr.
The popularity of the brook trout among of trout is to be explained by their transit
Hallock's suggestion that the wide distribution
American anglers is so thoroughly established through the limpid waters of an extensive sub-
that it requires the ceaseless and unstinted
beneficence of a paternal government to keep bers describes the famous big trout of the
terranean fluvial system. Mr. E. D. T. Cham-
our streams stocked with the speckled fry.
The deforestation of great tracts of wilderness,
Nepigon and Lake Edward, and Mr. Benjamin
Kent sets forth the charms of the Beaverkill.
and the devastation by fire with resultant
destruction of insect life, have brought addi- fell from the estate of fish and solitude" for
The old Adirondacks, as they were before they
tional peril to the inhabitants of many a trout
which they were originally celebrated, are con-
stream. The pollutions of civilization, from
trasted with the new Adirondacks, in which
sawdust to sewage, have already spread deso-
lation in many an angler's paradise.
sportsmen's secrets have become the common.
places of the guide-books. Mr. F. Annin, Jr.,
We fear very much that Mr. Rhead's book
details the various winged foes with which the
of “The Speckled Brook Trout” will only
trout must contend for existence, and presents
increase the terrors that await poor Salvelinus
a long list of offenders. The other contributors
of the spring.fed streams. It will stir the
are free to express their views of intruding
blood of every veteran disciple of Izaak of
sawmills, and of farmers who also interfere
Stafford, and inspire the amateurs to test the
with the angler's sport.
We fear the editor
charms of the Beaverkill. The book is the
first of a series which is to constitute a “ Li.
has let pass a good opportunity to set forth in
his true light one of the greatest enemies both
brary of Rod and Gun,” and it is eminently of the trout and the modest angler, to-wit, the
fitting that the brook trout should receive the
expert who fishes for record and whips out a
place of chief totem in this religion of recre-
ation ; for, as the book puts it, —
brook in a single day regardless of the pleasure
of others or the maintenance of the sport. A
“ Has he not stimulated a love for nature, made men
good, virtuous, and humane? Given occupation to idlers,
chapter by the late A. Nelson Cheney, on the
lured loafers from demoralizing environment, filled
propagation of trout, is reprinted from the re-
libraries with poetry, belles lettres, and an angling biblio- port of the New York commissioners; and
graphy as unique as it is entertaining? Has he not, in some notes on cooking brook trout are furnished
fact, been a potential instrument to distribute popula-
by the editor.
THE SPECKLED BROOK TROUT (Salvelinus fontinalis). The book is tastefully contrived from cover
By Various Experts with Rod and Reel. Edited and illus-
to tail-piece. The binding, both inside and
trated by Louis Rhead, with an Introduction by Charles
Hallock. With colored plates, photogravures, and many
out, is an imitation of birch-bark, with a picture
illustrations. New York: R. H. Russell.
of the brook trout made by the three-color


1902.)
385
THE DIAL
printing process that is very successful in pro character and the unworthy caricaturing of all his
ducing the effect of the original. The illustra political opponents, forbid us to take it as a his-
tions throughout the volume are artistic, well torical study. Mrs. Atherton has studied the sources
chosen, and handsomely executed. The two
widely if not wisely, but the resulting product is a
colored plates and the several photogravures turgid and amorphous piece of writing, absolutely
merit especial commendation, and the head and hopeless in the matter of style, as well as insuffer-
ably dull. The historical stadent will find in it
tail pieces are both unique and
apropos. Some
entertainment of a sort that the writer did not in.
inserted cuts in green tints add further novelty
tend to provide, but the general reader will do well
to the book. The publisher has spared neither to pass it by.
pains nor expense to give this initial volume of
“ The Battleground" is the fourth novel of Miss
his sportsman's library an attractive and fitting Ellen Glasgow, and is much the best of the four.
setting
CHARLES A. KOFOID. Indeed, it seems to us one of the best novels of the
South during the period which precedes and includes
the Civil War that has ever been written. The
generous qualities and the amiable weaknesses that
RECENT FICTION.*
make the Virginia life of a generation ago so charm-
The instinct of hero-worship is a fine psycholog ing to us in the retrospect are pictured with sym-
ical possession when restrained by a due regard for pathetic insight, and the horrors of internecine
truth. There are no heroes without their faults, conflict are softened into pathetic outline by the art
and we need to have the robust faith which accepts of the writer. The broad hospitality, the essential
a hero, faults and all, without blinking, if our cult refinement, the semi-feudal social organization, and
is to gain converts. When misdeeds are glazed by the high-minded idealism of the Old Dominion in
the worshipper, and the unlovely aspects of char ante-bellum days, are now vanished forever from
acter concealed, the portrait drawn is not convincing, our civilization, or exist in out-of-the-way regions
and its effect is not what the artist intends. Alex. as faint simulacra of a past that now seems as old
ander Hamilton achieved enough of real greatness to as the Flood. We have organized our life upon a
bear the exposure of all his defects, but Mrs. Ather more rational basis, perhaps, but much has been
ton, who has just made him the subject of a sort of lost that may never be regained, and one sometimes
historical novel, is determined that he shall have wonders if the change has been altogether for the
the stature of a demigod, and is unwilling to admit better. This book might have been called “ The
that his conduct shall be measured by the ordinary Making of a Man,” for that is what provides its
moral standards. We have styled “ The Con main interest, and we care more for the develop-
queror a sort of historical novel because, while ment of the hero's character under the stress of
largely fictitious, it reads like serious history. The sternly adverse circumstance than we do for the
writer says that she at first thought of writing a picturesque accessories of the narrative. The war
formal biography of Hamilton, but “ the instinct of itself is excellently done, but even more excellent is
the novelist proved too strong ” to be overcome. The the art with which its reactions upon the several
actual result of her efforts is a hybrid product that leading characters are set forth. Such books as
is not easily classified. The long historical and this help us to respect the Southern standpoint, and
constitutional disquisitions which impede its progress help also to wipe away the last lingering traces of
make it impossible to call the work a novel pure
Northern resentment.
and simple, while the false coloring of its hero's Miss A. C. Laut is a young woman who has
* THE CONQUEROR. Being the True and Romantic Story THE BLAZED TRAIL. By Stewart Edward White. New
of Alexander Hamilton. By Gertrude Franklin Atherton. York: McClure, Phillips & Co.
New York: The Macmillan Co.
THE CAPTAIN OF THE GRAY HORSE TROOP. By Hamlin
THE BATTLE-GROUND. By Ellen Glasgow. New York: Garland. New York: Harper & Brothers.
Doubleday, Page & Co.
THE KENTONS. A Novel. By W. D. Howells. New York:
HERALDS OF EMPIRE. By A. C. Laut. New York: Harper & Brothers.
D. Appleton & Co.
HARDWICKE. A Novel. By Henry Edward Rood. New
THE COAST OF FREEDOM. By Adele Marie Shaw, New York: Harper & Brothers.
York: Doubleday, Page & Co.
BY BREAD ALONE. A Novel By I. K. Friedman. Now
MONSIEUR MARTIN. A Romance of the Great Swedish York: McClure, Phillips & Co.
War. By Wymond Carey, New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. THE SECOND GENERATION. By James Weber Linn. New
THE MISSISSIPPI BUBBLE. A Novel. By Emerson Hough. York: The Macmillan Co.
Indianapolis : The Bowen-Merrill Co.
THE CATHOLIO. A Tale of Contemporary Society. New
THE SIEGE OF LADY RESOLUTE. A Novel By Harris York: John Lane.
Dickson. New York: Harper & Brothers.
A ROMAN MYSTERY. By Richard Bagot. New York:
NONE BUT THE BRAVE. By Hamblen Sears. New York: John Lane.
Dodd, Mead & Co.
THE HOUND OF THE BASKERVILLES. Another Adventure
THE CRIMSON WING. By H. C. Chatfield-Taylor. Chi. of Sherlock Holmes. By A. Conan Doyle. New York:
cago: Herbert S. Stone & Co.
McClure, Phillips & Co.
BEFORE THE Dawn. A Story of Russian Life. By THE GIANT'S GATE. A Story of a Great Adventure. By
Pimenoff-Noble. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
Max Pemberton. New York: Frederick A, Stokes Co.


386
(June 1,
THE DIAL
of his age.
chosen for her field the wild days of adventure in into a historical novel by Mr. Emerson Hough,
the Canadian wilderness, the days when the fur who has found ample material for his exploitation
trade was a source of great wealth to those who in the experiences of this fascinating adventurer.
exploited it, and when the rivalries of English and Roughly divided, the story has three sections, deal-
French for its monopoly led to many moving inci- ing, respectively, with Law's startling entry into
dents by flood and forest. Miss Laut’s “ Lords of London society, with his subsequent exploration of
the North” was a work of much freshness and the Mississippi Valley, and with his dazzling fame
crude power, and its present successor, « Heralds and sudden downfall under the French Regency.
of Empire," marks a still more evident success. His life offers an excellent subject for romance,
That picturesque and fascinating dare-devil, Pierre and the author bas made much of it. The specu-
Radisson, is the hero of the new romance, which lative fever which attended the launching of his
connects, on the one hand, with the English court great financial enterprises, bis conquest of court
of the Restoration, and, on the other, with the and capital, and the dramatic climax of his down-
colony of Massachusetts Bay just before the days fall, are vividly set forth, and inspire no little
of the witchcraft delusion.
sympathy for a man who, although he made mis-
We are plunged into the thick of the witchcraft calculations, was nevertheless distinctly in advance
delusion when we take
up
“ The Coast of Freedom,”
by Miss Marie Adèle Shaw. The scene of this ro “The Siege of Lady Resolute," by Mr. Harris
mance begins at the London docks, with the kidnap- | Dickson, is a historical romance which, like the one
ping of a maid whom certain villainous persons wish last described, divides its scenes between Europe and
to put out of the way that they may gain possession America. It begins in Southern France, with the
of her property. The scene then shifts (after a persecution of the Cévenol Huguenots, carries us on
piratical episode) to the New England colony, through much intrigue in and about the court of
whither the heroine is brought under the guardian- | Louis XIV., and depicts the sinister ascendency of
ship of Captain William Phips. The arch-villain Madame de Maintenon. Presently the action is
also appears to ornament Boston society, and prose shifted to the new colony of Louisiana, whither hero
cute his designs. A suitable hero is provided, and, and heroine are conveniently transported, and where
after many perils, both hero and heroine reach the they encounter much peril from both red men and
haven of their desires. The leading historical fig. white. We return to France at last, and the Lady
ures are those of Phips, now governor of the colony, Resolate capitulates, which means that there is no
and Cotton Mather, in his favorite character of further excuse for prolonging the story.
witch-hunter. It is probably useless to protest, in The latest of Revolutionary romances is “ None
the name of historical scholarship, against this dis but the Brave,” by Mr. Hamblen Sears. The scene
tortion of a great New England worthy. The scene is laid in the Hudson region, from West Point to
of the heroine's trial for witchcraft is well done, New York, and the time is that of Arnold's treason
much better than it has been done in earlier treat and the immediately subsequent happenings. The
ments of this theme, and the general atmosphere of figures are of the conventional sort. The hero is
Puritan Massachusetts has been reproduced with daring and devoted ; the heroine begins by being
considerable skill and fidelity to fact.
pert and ends by becoming womanly; Washington,
Mr. Wymond Carey is a new writer, as far as we Arnold, André, Clinton, and other historical per-
know, and the quality of his “Monsieur Martin” sonages make also their conventional albeit shadowy
is such that we shall hope to hear from him again. entry upon
the
The villain is disposed of
The book is a full-blooded historical romance of in somewhat unusual fashion, and all ends happily.
the great Swedish war, with Charles XII. for the The history of the last century offers no subject
leading historical figure, and Augustus the Strong for the historical novelist more fascinating in its
for a side-show. A scene is divided between Sweden interest and more striking in its dramatic possibilities
and Dresden, and the interest is sustained at stir than the war of 1870 between France and Prussia.
ring pitch throughout an exceptionally long narra A number of writers have made successful use of
tive. The intrigue is so complicated that we follow this theme. It has been happily handled by Herr
it with difficulty, and even at the end are not quite Spielhagen in his “Allzeit Voran," by Mr. R. W.
gure of what the author would have us think of Chambers in his “Lorraine,” and by countless
several of his characters. This is the one defect of French novelists of the past quarter-century. This
a book which has many virtues. It is the product is no reason why it should not be handled again,
of a rich mind and an inventive one, of a writer and we are glad that Mr. Chatfield-Taylor has
who has really delved into the history of his period, taken it for the subject matter of his latest novel.
and who at the same time knows how to make skil. We are glad, not only because of the perennial in-
ful use of all the romantic accessories. It is a novel terest of the theme, but also because it has given
of action from first to last, and spares us the pages this writer an opportunity for the display of talents
of description and analysis with which most histor that could not possibly find fitting exercise in the
ical romances are apt to eke out the poverty of their drawing-room. The smartness of an artificial 80-
imagination.
ciety has been his chief preoccupation in his earlier
The romantic career of John Law has been made novels, and he has cared more for the polishing of
scene.


1902.]
387
THE DIAL
a phrase than for the delineation of a vital situation. of the Eastern politician. It has a hero of the most
Epigram and light social banter are not wholly attractive metal, sincere and courageous, and a
missing in “The Crimson Wing," but there is serious heroine who charms not the hero alone. It has
stuff besides. It is all a little theatrical and senti- moving incidents in profusion, and opportunities for
mental still, but it is a well-planned story, and it is the display of both moral and physical prowess. It
based upon a really painstaking effort to be his has descriptive power also, and a charm of style
torically accurate. It is a far better book than the beyond what Mr. Garland has hitherto attained.
author has heretofore given us, and promises well It is, moreover, a book which makes an impressive
for his literary future.
appeal in behalf of a cause which has clearly en-
“ Before the Dawn,” a novel by Mr. and Mrs. listed the author's most ardent sympathies — the
Edmund Noble, deals with the beginnings of the cause of the American Indian. Mr. Garland has
modern revolutionary movement in Russia. The been apt to let his interest in causes get the better
scene is laid somewhere in the early seventies, when of his artistic judgment, but in this case he has
Nihilism was on the point of blossoming into the made a book which does not suffer in romantic in
red flower of terrorism, and when the ferment of terest from the obtrusion of the underlying argu
liberal ideas was spreading from many small groups ment. With less of sentimentality and a firmer
of young men and women. The authors know their grasp of actual conditions than were possessed by
Russia too well to be guilty of going to sensational the author of “Ramona," he has made an even
extremes, and the lurid episodes usually found in more convincing plea for the rights of our national
stories of this description are wanting. There are wards, and has voiced an equal indignation at sight
arrests, indeed, and sentences of administrative of the tricks and abuses that we have allowed to
exile, but we are spared the horrors of dungeons be put upon them, at our wanton provocations and
and assassinations. The book is valuable as a picture punitive expeditions, and at the folly of the effort
of social conditions, but it does not make a good to impose our own civilization upon a people who
novel. The action is impeded by much description are still living in the Stone Age. “The Captain
and discussion, and even the plot is difficult to dis of the Gray Horse Troop” is a well-informed and
entangle. We have at the end only a confused idea warm-hearted book, that is good to read, and is
of the principal characters and of the relations in likely to prove an effective ally in the work of
which the authors have sought to place them. dealing justly and humanely with the Indians.
The "epie” effect seems in danger of being over. The delicate art of Mr. Howells has never
strained by our povelists. One of them gives us been displayed to better advantage than in his
the epic of the wheat and promises the epic of the latest novel. “ The Kentons" is the kind of story
board of trade, another gives us the epic of the best suited to his powers, a story of commonplace
rolling-mills, and still another the epic of the cow people in commonplace relations. The characters
boy; now Mr. Stewart Edward White
appears with are the six Kentons father, mother, two daugh-
“ The Blazed Trail,” which is the epic of the log- ters, and two sons
and the various young men
ging camp.
These books all testify to the tremen who are interested in the daughters. They live in
dous energy which is the secret of our material an Ohio town of five thousand inhabitants, and
advancement, and doubtless help the cloistered enjoy universal respect. Muskingum, however, does
reader to understand the conditions of the turbulent not long contain them, as far as the present story is
life that environs him. But they make rather dull concerned, for one of the daughters gets into an
reading, because their chief stock in trade is a fund entanglement of the affections with a vulgar youth
of technical information about some particular in of the town, and is broken-hearted when she real-
dustry, which cannot be accepted as a proper sub-
izes his unworthiness. To distract her, the family
stitute for insight into the human soul. Mr. White's make a visit to New York, and thence start upon
book is among the better of its class, but it is heavily a European trip. The objective point is Holland,
overweighted with minute realistic description, and and the scene from that time on is laid in the Hague
the relief afforded by a few sentimental episodes and and in Scheveningen. A young New York clergy-
rhapsodical outbursts is too artificial and perfunctory man of the liberal and humane type is among
their
to prove satisfactory. Those who want to know fellow-passengers; he accompanies them to the
about logging in Upper Michigan, and about the Hague, and, in the end, persuades the broken-
frauds upon the government committed by the hearted daughter to become his wife. These charac-
lumberman-capitalist, will find these things expressed ters are drawn for us with lines so deft and so gubtle
with virile energy in “ The Blazed Trail,” but they that we can think of no truer parallel than the work
will find little more. Least of all will they find of Jane Austen. In addition, there is much variety
the elements of convincing or even probable romance, of incident, and the constant infusion of the sly
unless the meaning of romance be frankly adapted humor which Mr. Howells always has at command.
to fit the case.
The heroine is a young woman with an exasperating
Mr. Hamlin Garland has produced a capital story conscience, which we all the time fear will compel
in “ The Captain of the Gray Horse Troop.” It is her to a rash decision, reckless of her own inter-
a story of love and adventure on a Western Indian ests. Fortunately, her fundamental good sense
reservation, with an excursion or two into the haunts triumphs over the casuistry of her introspective
-


888
(June 1,
THE DIAL
DIAL
unre-
heart-searchings, and the situation is brought to a familiar one; once started, it almost tells itself; in
rational outcome. The perplexities of the story relating it anew, Mr. I. K. Friedman has followed
are of the artificial sort, and in the hands of the the inevitable lines. But “ By Bread Alone” is
ordinary novelist such a story could not be any distinguished from most of the stories of its class
thing but dull. To say that it remains absorbingly by a patient first-hand study of the conditions of
interesting is the best tribute that we can pay to the problem, by passionate earnestness, and by
the art of the writer.
perfect sincerity. These qualities have their defects,
Religious controversy in a small New York town which in the present instance take the form of too
is the substance of “Hardwicke,” by Mr. Henry much technology and a seriousness too
Edward Rood. This is not a promising programme,
lieved. Those who are familiar with industrial
but the treatment offers a sufficient modicum of conditions in the great iron mills of Chicago will
variety and humor to reconcile us in the end with applaud the faithfulness of their portrayal, and
80 forbidding a theme. The principal character is those who remember the incidents of the riots of
a young clergyman, whose faith in the fundamentals the summer of 1894 will admire the ingenuity with
of Christian belief is unshaken, but who has read which Mr. Friedman has made use of material
and thought too much to have any sympathy with drawn from its history. His reproduction of the
the narrow and intolerant orthodoxy of the past. happenings of that summer is 80 accurate in many
In accepting his village charge he finds himself a of its details that there is danger of its being taken
member of a community bound hard and fast in too literally in others. In this respect, an unin-
the trammels of a mechanical and repellant faith. tentional injustice is done the memory of a recent
His opinions quickly arouse suspicion, and he finds governor of Illinois, whose real attitude in the
himself, after a few weeks, the victim of an old matter was that of unflinching determination to
fashioned heretic hunt, with the whole village pack sustain the law, rather than that sympathy with
at his heels. The plot of his enemies to dismiss him lawlessness which has been charged to him by his
in disgrace is sbrewdly circumvented, and he with enemies.
enemies. We regret that Mr. Friedman's book
draws voluntarily with most of the honors of the should help to perpetuate so mnalicious and un-
game, including the daughter of his most virulent grounded a legend.
antagonist. The story is rather amateurish, the “ The Second Generation,” by Mr. James Weber
violence of the attack upon the hero is somewhat Linn, is the first book of a young writer, who has
exaggerated, and certain minor features of the plot done wisely in dealing with life as it lies close at
are not sufficiently developed, but the book is never hand. It is a study of the modern American city
theless possessed of both interest and promise. viewed by a student of corrupt political conditions,
A young man of fine intellectual and moral en and pictures the career of an unscrupulous manip-
dowment, entering upon active life with all the ulator of legislative bodies and organs of opinion.
advantages of wealth and education, resolves, rather To the undoing of this scoundrel a young reporter
than follow the easy path of worldly success that devotes his energies, and achieves success in his
invites him, to cast in his lot with the poor and aim, although the caprice of fortune makes him the
make their cause his own. He first enters the victim of an unjust criminal prosecution. With the
ministry, but is soon repelled by the hypocrisies of daughter of this man, ignorant of her parentage,
the profession, and decides to become one of the he has fallen in love, and thus the outcome of the
people by engaging as a common workman in a story is a sort of tragedy. Mr. Lion has written a
great iron and steel industry. With this purpose creditable story, one which has interest in itself, and
in view he enters the works of an establishment, which gives promise of better things to come.
makes his way into a position of some responsibility, “Catholic controversy in fiction" — the adver-
and at the same time becomes a trusted leader of tisement is not alluring, but it is at least honest.
his fellow-workmen in their agitation for the redress Three books constitute the series, and one of them
of grievances. In the strike which ensues, he en we reviewed several weeks ago. “ The Catholic "
deavors to mediate between the conflicting interests, is an anonymous novel, dealing with contemporary
but stands staunchly for the claims of labor in its English life. The form of worship, about which
conflict with capital. The angry passions which he the characters and incidents are grouped, seems to
has helped to unloose escape from his control, and have no relation whatever to any form of religious
there follows the familiar and sickening sequence
emotion. It is a hard and unlovely polity, seeking
of violent attacks upon property and persons, stern to extend its power by worldly influence and in-
repression by the authorities, and punishment of trigue, by an appeal to the baser motives of human
the offenders. Having made his experiment, and action. There is not a character in the book that
found it a failure, he returns to the life which he
may be called sympathetic, nor an ambition that
had abandoned, not hopeless of his cause, but con may be called praiseworthy. If the writer be
scious that he had sought to further it by means indeed a member of the Roman communion, his
that must be foredoomed to failure. Henceforth, method is certainly a curious one. The best of
he will work for his ideal of the cooperative com ecclesiastical organizations have vices that are in
monwealth from the vantage-point of the social need of scourging, but the role of the candid friend
station to which he really belongs. The story is a may easily be overacted.


1902.)
389
THE DIAL
of the old mannerisms and methods of the detective &
Mr. Richard Bagot, whose “ Casting of Nets"
wo mentioned before, has now added “A Roman
NOTES ON NOVELS.
Mystery" to the series. His second book is much
Mr. Brand Whitlock was long a political corres-
better than the first, which we condemned on much
pondent for one of the leading newspapers in the coun-
the same grounds as have just been urged in the
try. During his period of service he obtained an
case of “The Catholic." It has no more of spir- | insight into the practical side of government which is
ituality than its predecessor, and it gives disagree granted to few of his fellow-citizens. This he has
able prominence to the intriguing and proselytizing utilized to the utmost in his novel, “ The Thirteenth
aspects of Catholic society, but it deals with inter District” (Bowen-Merrill Co.). But he has not rested
esting material, and is the work of a man who
content with the mere idealizing and narration of events
knows his subject. That subject is, essentially, the
from his own experience. Singularly happy as he has
feud between “whites” and “ blacks” in Roman
been in selecting characters who are types of the con-
tending forces ruling the destinies of the Republic, he
society, of which Mr. Crawford has given us many
has been still happier in making his principal character,
interesting glimpses, and which Mr. Bagot has
a pitiful creature to call a hero, the battle-ground on
studied with judgment and penetration. His book which the forces of good and evil contend. The de-
is a brief for the liberals, and an unanswerable moralizing effects of power in weak hands, of life in
argument for the renunciation of papal pretensions the capital of the nation upon a character far from
to the temporal power.
robust, of the temptations which assail the man in
Dr. Conan Doyle would have done well to adhere
public life, these are what give Mr. Whitlock's work its
interest and its promise of permanency.
to his earlier resolution, and allow Sherlock Holmes
to “stay dead.” The resurrection was hardly worth
Politics of quite another sort gives interest to Mr.
while if it was to result in so hackneyed a repetition
Joel Chandler Harris's initial tale in “The Making of
a Statesman, and Other Stories” (McClure, Phillips &
Co.). Here a young man of talent and high ambitions
as is given us in “The Hound of the Baskervilles.” sacrifices his own career to put the father of the girl
The plot is ingeniously contrived, to be sure, and he loves into a place of honor,— writing his speeches,
the working out is of a nature to keep the reader teaching bim to deliver them, and conducting the cam-
keyed up to a reasonable pitch of exciting suspense,
paigns that bring him before the public. Before it is
but the conclusion is not adequate to the machinery quite too late, though after the supposed statesman's
employed, and the entire performance is hopelessly death, the lover's self-sacrifice becomes known to the
melodramatic. When we think of the really good ending. There are three other tales in the book, of
daughter, and a pleasant story is given its appropriate
books that Dr. Doyle wrote at the outset of his career,
the sort that Mr. Harris has made his readers familiar
and then contrast them with this journeyman effort, with in his previous publications, with well-drawn
the showing is melancholy indeed.
characters fro the South, and events filled with
“The Giant's Gate,” Mr. Max Pemberton's latest human interest.
invention, is a romance of modern Paris inspired by In the general searcb for literary material now going
suggestions of the Dreyfus affair, and partly by on in America, the South is by no means overlooked.
reminiscences of the meteoric General Boulanger.
Mr. Thomas Dixon, Jr., takes the Reconstruction era
What the author needed was a “man on horseback,"
for the topic of bis rather ill-natured work, “The
the idol of the populace, and, since the more recent
Leopard's Spots” (Doubleday, Page & Co.). The
author states again and again that the bitterness against
chapter in French history failed to provide such a
the North is due more to the excesses of the “carpet-
figure, recourse was had to the earlier one. A coup
bag” epoch than to the deeds of the Civil War. He
d'état is planned, and gives promise of successful is full of hatred against the negro, who was rather the
issue, but the Government thwarts the conspirators tool in the hands of designing whites than an actor on
at the critical juncture, and the hero occupies Bel his own responsibility in the scenes complained of.
fort instead of the Elysée. The heroine is the Yet his book will not have been written in vain if it
daughter of an English earl, and, at the end, is left points out the dangers of ruling a people against its
awaiting the release of her lover from the place of
will, the awful perils of governing without the consent
his imprisonment. The story is brilliant bat artifi-
of the governed.
cial, and, what is unusual with this novelist, is badly Mary Tappan Wright's
A book more just to both North and South is Mrs.
Mary Tappan Wright's “ Aliens" (Scribner). A
constructed. The "giant's gate” is the Thames,
Northern man, long acclimated in the South through
and the whole tenor of the earlier chapters seems to his service as professor in a small college, marries a
promise a French invasion of England by means of Northern woman with all the virtues and prejudices of
a fleet of submarines. About midway in the narra the intelligent American of New England birth and
tive, the plot gets sidetracked, as it were, and from breeding She brings to her understanding of the
there on becomes an account of the hero's imperial negro question a keen sense of justice and an inexor-
escapade. A curious thing about the book is that, in able conscience. Opposed to her is the inertia of a
dealing with its English scenes and persons, it as-
people who have learned from bitter experience what
she has seen with unfamiliar eyes. The right and
sumes the French standpoint, and indulges in the
sort of caricature which is the delight of the Par-
wrong of the case, the slow dawning of the vital dis-
tinction between a condition and a theory, are set forth
isian journalist. We cannot help wondering how
with dispassion and a keen sense of justice to the con-
Mr. Pemberton's public will take this audacious tending forces at work. It is doubtful if the multiform
proceeding
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
problem presented by the Southern negro has ever been


390
(June 1,
THE DIAL
discussed in a manner more enlightened and with pathetic interpreter in Mr. Elliott Flower. “Police-
observation more acute.
man Flynn," the hero of his book, is an actuality in the
It is not in the “ black belt” of the South that main, based upon the long career of uninterrupted use-
Miss Hildegard Brooks lays the scene of · The Master fulness led by the late Andrew Rowan of the Central
of Caxton (Scribner), a story which concerns itself Detail in Chicago. Mr. Flower lets us see wbat it
chiefly with social distinctions between the whites. A means to be both a man and an officer, in a series of
Southern girl, adopted by a woman of wealth in the sketches, humorous in the main, though always with a
North, abandons her heritage after the death of her suspicion of pathos. The book is eminently modern,
benefactress, in part because of the burdens attached and one to be read for instruction hardly less than
to it, but more from homesickness. She thenceforth amusement. (Century Co.)
makes her home with the three brothers she had never Not the least remarkable thing about Mark Twain's
forgotten, young men with all the dignity of free Ameri “ Double-Barrelled Detective Story” (Harper) is the
cans, though by no means of the aristocracy of their introduction into the book of Dr. Conan Doyle's "Sher-
little corner in the world. A double romance runs lock Holmes as a living character, — just at the mo-
through the story thenceforth, lending interest and va ment, too, when his creator had resuscitated bim. The
riety to its well-drawn pictures of manners and customs. story, which is slight, promises well in the opening chap-
“Dorothy South” (Lothrop) takes its name from ters, but it may be said not to be worked out, and leaves
a beautiful young Southern woman, one of the most the reader disappointed.
agreeable characters Mr. George Cary Eggleston has An interesting character is preserved in Mr. Herbert
ever painted. The period is that immediately preceding M. Hopkins's “The Fighting Bishop” (Bowen-Merrill
the Civil War, and the story is concerned chiefly with Co.), a portrait of a pro-slavery prelate in war times,
the differences and contrasts between life in the South disclosing the effect of his powerful personality upon
now and in the ante-bellum days.
the members of his large family. There are two love
Still another aspect of Southern life is contained in episodes in the book, one of much sweetness; but the
“ Mazel" (Stone), written by an author who shields his theme is rather the manner in which son after son of
identity behind the pen-name of “ Richard Fisguill." the aging man is crushed into insignificance under his
The scene is laid in the University of Virginia, and the dominion. Some rebel and flee, some dare to differ
close approximation to actual portraits of the members from him politically, even his wife turns to save her
of the faculty of that excellent institution will account offspring from the terror of his wrath; while the old
for the practical anonymity with which the book is put | dignitary, abating no whit of his demand for obedience,
forth.
goes on his way lonely and sorrowful. For a first book,
Mr. Samuel Minturn Peck is at his best in the series it has marked originality.
of little stories which make up the volume of “Ala As a result of his studies of the American tramp,
bama Sketches” (McClurg). He has drawn upon all Mr. Josiah Flynt has written a novel dealing with a spe-
the elements of a cheerful little city for his characters, cial phase in the lives of these victims and enemies of
and his work lacks neither humor nor pathos. Whites society. « The Little Brother" (Century Co ) is not
and blacks mingle in his pages on terms of equal liter pleasant in text or suggestion, but it demands a meas-
ary importance, whatever their social status may be. ure of social justice that shall free the community of
While slight, the tales, some of them little more than these parasites by destroying the reason for their exist-
anecdotes, have positive charm, and may be taken as ence. Here a child is kidnapped from his putative
accurate pictures of a civilization but little known in sister, actually his mother, and the kidnapper proves in
the North.
the end to be the lad's own father. A chapter, drawn
Mr. Paul Dunbar has done nothing as good in prose from life, of the effect of jail-life upon the boy, reads
as his latest story, “ The Sport of the Gods" (Dodd, like a cry for help from these helpless ones.
Mead & Co.). A faithful negro is accused of a crime The mining region of Arizona has furnished Miss
of which his master's weak brother is guilty, and is Frances Charles with the material for her rather unus-
sentenced to a long term of imprisonment. His family, nal story, “In the Country God Forgot" (Little,
denied the right of support through popular prejudice, Brown, & Co.). On this rude spot the civilizations of
takes refuge in New York City, and proceeds to speedy the Atlantic coast meet the customs of the remote
moral disintegration. Mr. Dunbar gives a side of met Southwest, with effects at once humorous and tragic.
ropolitan life almost unsuspected, that of the dissi In the background stands the gloomy figure of a pio-
pated colored folk, frequenters of saloons and cheap neer, owner of all the neighboring lands and interests
theatres. The story is at once tenderly sympathetic not wholly mineral, who has in his heart a most unhappy
and powerful, and nothing written recently presents a hatred for his only child, a son. The book can hardly
more impressive picture of the evil results which fol be said to be composed of successive episodes, and yet
low a betrayal of justice.
the bond between the chapters is often slight, making
Nearly all the characters of Mr. Robert Shackleton's it difficult to hold the thread of the argument.
“Many Waters" (Appleton) are New York journalists, New England humor may grow tiresome when
and those who seek knowledge of one of the few mod strained through the medium of much dialect, so that
ern occupations which have in them the spirit of adven the better part of Mr. Fred Lewis Pattee's “ Mary Gar-
ture can find it set forth here in full detail. Episodes vin: The Story of a New Hampshire Summer" (Crow-
in newspaper life are to be seen from the inside, coupled ell) lies rather in the awakening of soul which comes
with a pretty romance and an excellently contrived foil to the heroine, at first through her growing affection
to it through the wrecking of a husband's life by an for a man of education, a neighbor's son, who has sought
unfaithful wife. The book is vivid and convincing, and and found a position at the bar, and then in the abrupt-
has a really remarkable first chapter.
ness of her own contrast with the personality of a
The city policeman, one of the most maligned and charming city woman looking for a rural retreat. Be-
least understood of all our public servants, finds a sym tween the two influences, she comes into contact with


1902.]
391
THE DIAL
the great world, goes to school,- and the end is inev book is a pretty French girl who is said to have saved
itable, but all the better for coming after a good old the English garrison from overthrow, in spite of his-
fashioned New Eugland Thanksgiving dinner.
torical evidence that it was an Indian maiden who be-
There are few writers more entertaining to-day than trayed the purpose of her people. The story could
Miss Josephine Dodge Daskam, and her previous rep not fail to be interesting with so much action and no
utation loses nothing by the stories of childhood pub less romance running through it, and contrives to give
lished under the title of the first of them, “ The Mad a vivid conception of the troubles with which the
ness of Philip” (McClure, Phillips & Co.). Miss Northwest, so peaceful now, was afflicted through
Daskam has been at no little pains to present aspects more than a century.
of child-life which are typical, and to the adult unusu It is in another corner of the country that Annie T.
ally instructive. She has fully realized in her book Colcock lands ber heroine in 66 Margaret Tudor"
that children have ideas and standards of their own, (Stokes),- at St. Augustine in the latter half of the
and has been fortunate in making this fact clear to her seventeenth century, when the Spaniards were in con-
readers. It is a rare story that can bring amusement trol. A beautiful English girl is captured with her
to both old and young in a single audience.
shipmates, and ber troubles begin with the infatuation
A child of a larger growth is the heroine of Miss for her which springs up in the beart of one of the
Eleanor Hoyt's “The Misdemeanors of Nancy" (Dou- Spanish officials. The story is both short and slight,
bleday, Page & Co.). Nancy is a girl just old enough an escape soon throwing Margaret back into the arms
to be in society, pretty, charming, acute, and vivacious, of her English lover.
and with entire consciousness of the privileges these The most unfortunate island of Martinique is the
qualities entitle her to exact from the world at large scene of the later chapters in Mrs. Elizabeth Wormeley
and from the masculine element in it more particularly. Latimer's “The Prince Incognito” (McClurg), a prince
The book is admirable summer reading, being con of the royal family of Parma and France being the pro-
structed in episodes, each complete in itself, yet com tagonist. He has married in due religious form, but
bining to give an accurate portrait of a delightful entirely without the law of the land, the daughter of a
personality.
Huguenot preacher, and she escapes with him to the
“Chimmie Fadden and Mr Paul” (Century Co.) West Indies, disguised as a cabin boy. The story is
revives interest in an old acquaintance, the “ Bowery told with much simplicity and sense of reality, reading
boy,” promoted to service in a New York family of rather as veracious history than as fiction.
position and wealth. All the characters of the former Daniel Boone is the central figure of Mrs. Lucy
volume have been retained by Mr. Townsend, the Cleaver McElroy's “The Silent Pioneer" (Crowell),
author, but the opinions set forth in the book are though the historical interest of it is subordinated to
largely those of Mr. Paul, intimate in the Van Cort the account of the simple, hard, and primitive life of
landt-Burton household. Strained as these are through the early settlers in Kentucky. There are Indians, of
Chimmie's marvellous dialect, the effect is usually de course, and they are rather the conventional redskins
lightful if the ability to comprehend this picturesque of James Fenimore Cooper than those of Mr. Gar-
manner of expression is not lacking. But the notable land's last book, for example. Though the love story
thing in the book is the social and political philosophy, in the book makes its appeal to grown folk, boys will
quite as good and quite as sound in its way as Mr. find this tale well worth their attention.
Dooley's, and of the same school.
Mrs. Frances Hodgson Burnett's latest novel, “The
Of the making of historical romances there is appar Methods of Lady Walderhurst” (Stokes), is a sequel
ently no end, but if all of these could have the fire and to “The Making of a Marchioness," published less
accuracy of Mr. Clinton Scollard's “The Cloistering than a year ago. In it the life of the former Miss
of Ursula ” (L. C. Page & Co.) there would be noth- Emily Fox-Seton is continued, and the same kindliness
ing to complain of. The scene is laid in one of the of heart and devoted gratitude which made her a mod-
Italian cities during the Renaissance, and the opening ern Patient Grizel remains hers after her marriage to the
chapter is certain to engage the reader's attention, for right honorable marquis. In spite of the sensationalism
the hero's whole family perishes in a single massacre. inherent in the narrative, the book is made calm and
From that time on there is no diminution of interest, dignified by Lady Walderhurst's admirable disposition.
love stepping in when battle and murder is not holding Like its predecessors from the same band, Mr.
the stage. It is an accurate picture of the times, ad Bram Stoker's “The Mystery of the Sea" (Doubleday,
mirably written, and well illustrated.
Page & Co.) is a bit of glowing melodrama, with
Going back to the days of the Emperor Barbarossa hidden treasure, desperate villains, secret passages in
for the scene of “ Hohenzollern,” the Very Rev. Cyrus ancient castles, abductions, shipwrecks, Spanish dons,
Townsend Brady has drawn upon his imagination for old women with the gift of second-sight, and other un-
the rest of his characters. The book is written for usual elements of interest. It would be hard to get
dramatization, and as a result it suffers as literature, more action, or more kinds of action, between the
the action being too incessant and the proportion which covers of a book than will be found here; and it can
diologue bears to narrative much too large. The story be depended upon to keep one awake o' nights.
is based upon the rivalry between Barbarossa and Idyllic with the breath of the Irish uplands in its
Hohenzollern for the affections of a lady of the court, pages, “ Patricia of the Hills” (Putnam) is a meritor-
and contains material enough for one twice its length. ious tale of the life which a selfish old spendthrift of
(Century Co.).
a father forces upon his charming daughter when he
Coming down to the conspiracy of Pontiac, Mrs. learns that her voice can be coined into gold. Two
Mary Catherine Crowley writes of “The Heroine of lovers stand ready to take her from what she conceives
the Strait” (Little, Brown, & Co.), setting forth the to be her duty, and the device to which the author,
incidents of the siege of Detroit by that interesting Mr. C. K. Burrow, resorts to leave the field clear for
and unscrupulous savage. The principal figure in the the better of them is the least satisfactory thing in the


392
(June 1,
THE DIAL
may be.
book. Especially to be commended is the portrait of mean skill besides—to alternately love and bate a
Patricia's uncle, the priest of the parish where all the fellow-townsman, is well contrived and handled. The
on takes place apart from the brief stay in London. story is one of rather unusual me
The title “Scarlet and Hyssop” (Appleton) suits A romance gleaned from the rugged life of New
Mr. E. F. Benson's last story of fashionable life in England fisherfolk is Mr. Charles Clark Munn's « Rock-
London admirably. A noble lord deeply resents the haven” (Lee & Shepard). In this case the hero is a
attention paid his wife by a former admirer of hers, young man sent to exploit a quarry in the interest of
who returns to England rich after the exile he had im a firm of stock-jobbing rascals in Boston, and the hero-
posed on himself at the time of her marriage. At the ine is a young girl from the island where the quarry is
same time the husband carries on something more than situated who has a wonderful natural gift of extract-
a flirtation with one of his wife's acquaintances. The ing moving music from her violin. In working out
theme is wifely duty, and the awakening of love after his story, the author makes an effective contrast of
a conventional marriage; and, like all Mr. Benson's idyllic rusticity and the worst side of so-called respect-
novels, the story is well written
ability in cities. The book is well illustrated from
Nothing written in recent years has so inexhaustible drawings by Mr. Frank T. Merrill.
a vein of irrepressible humor running through it as the “Miss Petticoats" (C. M. Clark Co.) is written by
last volume from the pen of Mr. W. W. Jacobs, “ At Dwight Tilton,” an avowed nom de plume, and made
Sunwich Port” (Scribner). In it, too, Mr. Jacobs beautiful by six colored drawings by Mr. Charles H.
demonstrates his ability to carry on a sustained narra Stephens. The scene of the earlier — and better -
tive, his book concerning itself with the lives of three half of the book is laid in New Bedford, here called
young people, from their “joyful schooldays” up to “Old Chetford," and deals with the poor and proud
the point of marriage — or escape from it, as the case daughter of a French nobleman vagrant in America
One central figure, father of the heroine and long enough to marry an old sea captain's one beloved
minor hero, is a foil to the keen sense of humor wbich child. The latter half of the book is melodramatic,
dominates the words and actions of everyone else, and redeemed only by a vivifying love.
the entire series of situations is designed with a keen Born in France of an American father, an artist, and
knowledge of fictional art.
an Irish mother; reared in a little country village in
Mr. Owen Wister bas surpassed his “Lin McLean” England, where her widowed mother sold ginger beer;
in another novel of the Western plains, “The Virgin and brought to the vicinity of Philadelphia by an aunt,
ian" (Macmillan), the hero being a Wyoming "cow the heroine of “Graystone” (Lippincott) has a checq-
puncher” and the heroine a nice little “ Yankee school uered career, ending in her becoming a trained nurse
ma'am" the lineal descendant of Molly Stark - and waking up to find herself a millionaire. Two of
who flees from an importunate suitor, and family press her former townsmen in England come to America and
ure to marry a man she does not love, out to freedom are connected in their lives with hers, but she falls into
amid the cattle-ranges of the Far West. Mr. Wister's the arms of an American of the best type at the end.
intimate knowledge of his subject enables him to draw This sounds a trifle heterogeneous, but the author, Mr.
a figure of a typical plainsman in this transplanted William Jasper Nichols, has made a very good little
Southerner, and the story is one which comes near to story of it indeed, and deserves congratulation.
the beart of essential Americanism.
Always exquisitely humorous, Kate Douglas Wiggin
“When Love is King” (Fenno) is a novel of some (Mrs. Riggs) is at her best — and briefest - in “ The
what confused purposes, written by Mr. W. Dudley Diary of a Goose Girl" (Houghton). It is a story of
Mabry. It deals at the outset with the woes of child English rustic life from the point of view of an intelli-
hood and 'the betrayal of a widow left with a single gent and gently critical American girl, who is seeking
child, a daughter, by a Christian minister. Later this escape from a pursuing lover by immuring herself in a
same scoundrel attempts to wreck the career of a bro small household where poultry of one sort and another
ther clergyman through envy at his success, the scene is the chief interest. The story is told with reality
transferring itself from the Middle West to the min. enough to make it seem truly autobiographical, and is
ing regions of the Sierras. At the close it becomes suitably illustrated with pen-drawings by Mr. Claude A.
known that the preacher who was brought so near to Shepperson, admirably according with the insistent fun
ruin was the son of his malicious rival ; vice is duly re in the narrative.
buked, and virtue rewarded. It is an artless tale. Two meritorious books from the pen of Miss Eliza-
Mr. Willis George Emerson's first novel, “ Buell beth Godfrey prepare the reader for a third good story
Hampton” (Forbes), errs chiefly in the attempt to put in “ The Winding Road” (Holt), and for a mingling
too much between the covers of a single book. The of some musical element in the narrative. The hero
character from whom the story is named is a newspaper here is a young Englishman of good family, but with
editor in Kansas, in a town that was the centre of a a gipsy strain in his blood that keeps him wandering
great cattle industry. The portrait is idealized through the world with his faithful violin. A sudden
greatly, but is vividly drawn and succeeds in doing a attack of illness leads him to fall in love with the
young
species of poetic justice to a much maligned class. A woman who nurses him back to health, a dweller in a
double love-story, international in one instance, runs little cottage in a remote part of England. After some
through the argument ; there are many humorous inci anguish of soul, the twain are duly married, and set
dents of Western life introduced, and the book is read off on their travels together. Miss Godfrey is at her
able though not well organized.
best in painting the scenes that follow, East and West
Arkansas comes into the realm of fiction with “ John appearing in the panorama of their wanderings; and
Kenadie" (Houghton), the work of Mr. Ripley D. through it all appear the flutterings of the confirmed
Saunders. The sub-title calls it “ The Story of his vagrant man to be free, and the struggle of the wife to
Perplexing Inheritance," and the mystery which leads find a home. The end is the inevitable one, and re-
the hero-a planter in a small way and a poet of no deemed from undue tragedy by a touch of mystery.


1902.]
893
THE DIAL
Son of Secretary by the miehe vill add reke o president one-
Granted a woman of extraordinary social accomplish-
NOTES.
ments, left a widow with little money and six daugh-
ters just arriving at nubile age, Mrs. Lilias Campbell Messrs. Longmans, Green, & Co. have just published
Davidson's “ The Confessions of a Match-Making a new revised edition (the eighth) of " The Foundations
Mother” (J. F. Taylor & Co.) is at once whimsical of Belief,” by the Right Hon. Arthur James Balfour.
and probable. It is purely a story of social politics,
with the mother always a possibility as the heroine of Kinley, delivered in the Capitol on February 27 last,
a seventh slight romance.
A round half-dozen of love
is published in pretty booklet form by Messrs. Thomas
stories in a single volume must satisfy the demands of Y. Crowell & Co.
the most exacting feminine reader.
6 The Serious Poems of Thomas Hood,” imported
South Africa is the scene of “The Story of Eden"
by the Messrs. Scribner, is the latest volume in the
(John Lane), and Miss Dolf Wyllarde, the writer of the
“Caxton Series” of reprints, beautifully printed, and
book, has been more than ordinarily happy in her title. bound in flexible leather covers.
For there is a serpent who leads away the heroine of
Messrs. Ginn & Co. publish an “Elementary Phy-
her romance, and it differs from most books of the
sical Geography," by Professor W. M. Davis, which is a
sort in enabling the girl to marry reasonably happily in
simplified and partly re-written form of the author's
spite of her early indiscretion. A careful and convinc-
earlier text-book for advanced students.
ing picture is drawn of a rather loose colonial society,
Mr. Bliss Carman's “Ode on the Coronation of King
with army officers to give it a character still more lax.
The end comes with the sailing of the heroine and her
Edward” will be published at once by Messrs. L. C.
husband for England while the war with the two re-
Page & Co. It will be printed throughout in red and
black on hand-made paper, with specially designed
publics is at its height, just as the villain of the plot
initials.
is conveniently disposed of on the battlefield.
Oriental sumptuousness and splendor of description
“Animal Activities” (Longmans), by Dr. Nathaniel S.
mark Mr. John W. Harding's biblical romance of
French, is a text-book in zoology for secondary schools.
war and politics under King Hezekiah and the great
It follows the laboratory method, and is abundantly
Sennacherib. The prophet Isaiah is one of the leading provided with questions, exercises, and references and
figures, and a singer called Naphtali the hero of a
reading lists.
highly imaginative and effective bit of gorgeousness.
The revised “Household Edition ” of the poems of
« The Gate of the Kiss" (Lothrop) is the title, its ap-
Bayard Taylor (Houghton) is printed from new plates,
plication not becoming apparent until the crowning
and includes everything but the dramatic pieces. The
tragedy comes at the end of the book. The narrative
widow of the poet has superintended the preparation
is uniformly vivid and picturesque, and the story not
of this definitive edition, and contributes a valuable
improbable in spite of its distance in both time and preface to the volume.
place. Mr. Harding shows signs of familiarity with A volume containing the Physical Papers of Professor
the higher criticism, and bas utilized side lights from Henry A. Rowland, for twenty-five years Professor of
recently discovered secular history to eke out the scrip Physics in the Johns Hopkins University, is now in
tural narrative.
preparation. It will be issued under the editorial direc-
Rising from the humblest ranks in life and giving tion of a committee appointed for that purpose, consist-
heavy hostage to fortune by a marriage most unprom-
ing of President Remsen, Professor Welch, and Profes-
ising, the hero of “ Enoch Strone" (Dillingham) be-
sor Ames.
comes a politician and statesman in England, always Messrs. Jennings & Pye send us five small books
retaining his sympathy for the class from which he of « The Hero Series.” Mr. Samuel G. Smith is the
sprung, and that without descending to demagogism. author of “ Abraham Lincoln," Mr. William A. Quayle
Mr. E. Phillips Oppenheim writes the story with sym writes “ King Cromwell” and “The Gentleman in Lit-
patbies quite as broad and well directed as his hero's, erature," and Mr. Charles Edward Locke is responsible
and is particularly fortunate in drawing the headstrong for “The Typical American" (Washington) and “A
yet susceptible character of Mrs. Strone. It is through Nineteenth Century Crusader" (Gladstone).
much tribulation that the hero, mechanic, inventor, and The New York Library Club has published a list,
politician of the best sort, comes into his own; and the alphabetical and annotated, of the Libraries of Greater
book is both long and readable.
New York." The number of libraries listed is 288, or,
including branches, 350. The collections range from
small school libraries to the monster institution over
Mr. WALLACE IRWIN, whose “ Love Sonnets of a which Dr. Billings presides. The volume contains also
Hoodlum” have added not a little to the gaiety of at
a manual and historical sketch of the New York Li-
least one nation (the only one that could understand the brary Club, a flourishing organization which has now
language), has produced, in “The Rubaiyat of Omar attained the respectable age of fifteen years.
Khayyam, Junior," an even more delectable invention. To readers in the latitude and longitude of Chicago
The younger Omar, it seems, found Naishapur an un the “Line-o'-Type Lyrics” of Mr. Bert Leston Taylor
interesting place to live in after his father's demise, and will need no introduction. They have been served up
exiled himself to Borneo, where he cultivated the muse. at the breakfast-table with the Chicago “ Tribune"
The distinction between the two poets is summed up in for many months past, and have proved better than
the saying: “Where the philosophy of the elder Omar peptenzyme for the digestion. To readers in less fav.
was bacchanalian and epicurean, that of the son was ored regions they may be a novelty, and it is for such
tobacchanalian and eclectic." These quatrains must be persons that we note the publication, in a small volume,
read to be appreciated; no extracts could illustrate ade of a selection from these inirth-provoking skits. Mr.
quately the quality of their delicious fooling. The William S. Lord, Evanston, is responsible for the book-
book is published by Messrs. Elder & Shepard. let in all save authorship.


894
(June 1,
THE DIAL
Edwin Lawrence Godkin, who died in England on that a public office is a public trust. Undeterred by the
the twentieth of May, at the age of seventy, was an temporary unpopularity of his attitude, he opposed the
Irishman by birth, and the son of a distinguished Pro. protective system as the incarnation of selfish and cor-
testant clergyman. He was graduated from Queen's rupt politics. He opposed the brutal methods of the
College, Belfast, when twenty years old, and entered reconstruction policy. He opposed the partisanship
upon the work of journalism. He represented the that seated Hayes in the presidential chair and sought
“ Daily News” in Russia and Turkey during the to bestow upon Blaine the bighest honor in the gift of
Crimean War, and at the close of that struggle came the Republic. He opposed the scandal of Hawaiian
to this country, where he sent to his London journal annexation, and praised the high-minded efforts of Mr.
a series of letters descriptive of a horseback journey Cleveland to right that wrong. But when, a few years
through the Southern States. He studied law in New later, Mr. Cleveland made his one great official mis-
York under David Dudley Field, and was admitted to take, and brought us to the verge of war with England
the bar in 1859. During the next six years he prac upon a pretext that would have been ridiculous had it
ticed both the legal and the journalistic professions, not been taken so seriously, he was as outspoken in
and then, in 1865, established “The Nation,” of condemnation as he had formerly been in praise. Fin-
which he became the editor. He was now thoroughly ally, and until the very end of his days, he protested
identified with the country, and, as editor of “The with all the force of his immense moral indignation
Nation" until 1881, and as joint editor of the New against the iniquity of our war with Spain, and the
York “ Evening Post" after the weekly had been consequent iniquities of our broken pledge to Cuba, our
merged in the daily, he remained for full thirty-five insane war of Philippine conquest, and our practical
years the most brilliant and forceful figure in Amer repudiation of the political faith of the men who
ican journalism. Harvard made him an M. A. in 1871 founded this nation. Sober opinion has already justi-
and Oxford made him a D. C. L. in 1897. He was fied bim in most of these contentions, and will in time
essentially a writer of leading articles throughout his justify him in those that are still the subject of angry
editorial career, although he occasionally prepared controversy. But his own voice will speak to us no
more elaborate essays for the magazines. His books more, and we know not from what other quarter we
consist of a “History of Hungary," a text book treat may hope to catch accents of such clear and ringing
ise on “Government," and three volumes of collected ethical quality. The spirit of compromise, of fatalism,
essays and editorial articles. The journalist, like the of an easy-going acceptance of things as they are, in-
actor, leaves no visible monument to attest his great fects our entire social organism, and we listen in vain
ness, and must be content with such fame as results for the trumpet-call of duty that shall arouse us from
from his being enshrined in the hearts of his followers. our national apathy in things spiritual.
Of his following in this sort, Mr. Godkin bad reason
to be proud. His work appealed to the intellect and
the conscience of his readers, and the higher political
and ethical thought of a whole generation of Amer ONE HUNDRED BOOKS FOR SUMMER
icans was shaped by it more largely than by any other
READING.
single influence. From the start, « The Nation” re-
mained our most serious and dignified exponent of the
ideas and principles that unite men of clear thought
[Fuller descriptions of the following books, of the
and lofty purpose in the fellowship of the intellectual
sort popularly known as “Summer Reading," may be
republic. Educated readers all over the country looked
found in the advertising pages of this number or of
to it for light and for guidance as one political prob-
recent numbers of THE DIAL.]
lem after another came up for solution ; they swore
FICTION
by “The Nation " as the champion of enlightenment
Alexander, Mrs. "The Yellow Fiend." Dodd, Mead &
against prejudice, of sincerity against hypocrisy, and
Co. $1.50.
of principle against partisanship. If they occasionally
Amber, Miles.' " Wistons." Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
swore at it under their breath, it was an additional “An English Girl in Paris. John Lane. $1.50.
tribute to its fearlessness and its relentless fashion of Arnold, Edwin Lester. “Lepidus the Conturion.” T. Y.
dealing with every form of sham and selfishness. And Crowell & Co. $1.50.
it was to the master-mind of the editor that all these Atherton, Gertrude. “The Conqueror.” Macmillan Co.
$1.50.
tributes were really paid, for there was never any Banks, Nancy Huston. “ Oldfield." Macmillan Co. $1.50.
doubt of the personal force that was exerted through Bassett, Mary E. Stone. “Judith's Garden." Lothrop
the anonymous page. When Mr. Godkin was honored Publishing Co. $1.50.
by the University of Oxford a few years ago, some one
Bell, Lilian. Abroad with the Jimmies." L. C. Page &
suggested that his influence upon political thought in
Co. $1.50.
Brady, Cyrus Townsend. “ Hohenzollern." Century Co.
America had been strikingly similar to the influence of
$1.50.
John Stuart Mill upon English political thought, and Cable, George W. “Bylow Hill." Charles Scribner's Song.
the compliment seemed to us both happy and deserved.
$1.25.
No words can express the gratitude felt by thousands
Carey, Wymond. “Monsieur Martin." G. P. Putnam's
Song. $1.20 net.
of the younger men of to-day for the constant inspira-
Charles, Frances. “In the Country God Forgot." Little,
tion of Mr. Godkin's leadership. The list of the good Brown, & Co. $1.50.
causes which he championed, and of the political con Clifford, Mrs. W. K. " Margaret Vincent." Harper &
troversies which invariably found him on the side of
Brothers. $1.50.
“ Comments of a Countess." John Lane, $1. net.
justice and sound scholarship, is too lengthy to be more
“Connor, Ralph." “Black Rock." Fleming H. Revell
than hinted at. He was a valiant fighter for the re Co. $1.25.
form of the civil service, for honest money and the “Connor, Ralph." “The Man from Glengarry." Fleming
sanctity of national obligations, and for the doctrine H. Revell Co. $1.80.
A SELECT LIST OF SOME RECENT PUBLICATIONS.


1902.)
895
THE DIAL
Price, Eleanor C. “Angelot." T. Y. Crowell & Co. $1.50.
Pullen, Elisabeth. “Mr. Whitman.” Lothrop Publishing
Co. $1.50.
Roberts, Charles G. D. “The Heart of the Ancient Wood."
L. C. Page & Co. $1.50.
Rood, Henry Edward. “Hardwicke." Harper & Broth-
erg. $1.50.
Russell, W. Clark. "The Mate of the Good Ship York."
L. C. Page & Co. $1.50.
Saunders, Ripley D. “John Kenadie." Honghton, Mifflin
& Co. $1.50.
Sears, Hamblen. “None but the Brave –," Dodd, Mead
& Co. $1.50.
Sedgwick, Anne Douglas. "The Rescue." Century Co.
$1.50.
Stockton, Frank R. “Kate Bonnet." D. Appleton & Co.
$1.50.
Townsend, Edward W. “Chimmie Fadden and Mr. Paul."
Century Co. $1.50.
“Twain, Mark." "A Double-Barrelled Detective Story."
Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
Wiggin, Kate Douglas. “The Diary of a Goose Girl."
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.
Wister, Owen. “The Virginian." Macmillan Co. $1.50.
Wharton, Edith. “The Valley of Decision," Charles Scrib-
ner's Sons. $2.
White, Michael.“ Lachmi Bai.” J. F. Taylor & Co. $1.50.
Whitehouse, Florence Brooks. "The God of Things." Lit-
tle, Brown, & Co. $1.50.
Wright, Mary Tappan. “Aliens." Charles Scribner's Sons.
$1.50.
Wyllarde, Dolf. The Story of Eden.” John Lane. $1.50.
19
“Connor, Ralph.” “The Sky Pilot." Fleming H. Revell
Co. $1.25.
Cotes, Mrs. Everard. "Those Delightful Americans."
D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
Coulevain, Pierre de. “Eve Triumphant." G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $1.20 net.
Crowley, Mary Catherine. "The Heroine of the Strait."
Little, Brown, & Co. $1.50.
Daskam, Josephine Dodge. “The Madness of Philip."
McClure, Phillips & Co. $1.50.
Datchet, Charles. “Morchester." G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1.20 net.
Dixon, Thomas, Jr. "The Leopard's Spots." Doubleday,
Pago & Co. $1.50.
Doyle, A. Conan. "The Hound of the Baskervilles."
McClure, Phillips & Co. $1.25.
Dudeney, Mrs. Henry. “Spindle and Plough." Dodd, Mead
& Co. $1.50.
Eggleston, George Cary. “Dorothy South.” Lothrop Pub-
lishing Co. $1.50.
Emerson, Willis George.” “Buell Hampton.” Forbes Pub-
lishing Co. $1,50.
Eustis, Edith. “Marion Manning." Harper & Brothers.
$1.50.
Farmer, James Eugene. “ Brinton Eliot." Macmillan Co.
$1.50.
Foote, Mary Hallock. “The Desert and the Sown.” Hough-
ton, Miffin & Co. $1.50.
Fosdick, J. William. “ The Honor of the Braxtons."
J. F. Taylor & Co. $1.50.
Glasgow, Ellen. "The Battleground.” Doubleday, Page
& Co. $1.50.
Godfrey, Elizabeth. “The Winding Road.” Henry Holt
& Co. $1.50.
Harding, John W. "The Gate of the Kiss." Lothrop
Publishing Co. $1.50.
Harland, Henry. "The Lady Paramount.” John Lane. $1.50.
Harris, Joel Chandler. • The Making of a Statesman."
McClure, Phillips & Co. $1.25.
Harte, Bret. • Openings in the Old, Trail.” Houghton,
Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
Hegan, Alice Caldwell. “Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage
Patch.” Century Co. $1.50.
Hough, Emerson. "The Mississippi Bubble." Bowen-
Merrill Co. $1.50.
Hoyt, Eleanor. “The Misdemeanors of Nancy.” Double-
day, Page & Co. $1.50.
Huneker, James. Melomaniacs." Charles Scribner's
Sons. $1.50.
Jacobs, W. W. "At Sunwich Port." Charles Scribner's
Sons. $1.50.
Johnston, Mary. "Audrey." Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.50.
King, General Charles. "A Conquering Corps Badge."
L. A. Rhodes & Co. $1.25.
Latimer, Elizabeth Wormeley. “The Prince Incognito."
A.C. MoClurg & Co. $1.50.
Laat, A. C. “Heralds of Empire." D. Appleton & Co.
$1.50.
Liljencrantz, Ottilio A. * The Thrall of Leif the Lucky.”
A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.50.
Litsey, Edwin Carlile. "The Love Story of Abner Stone."
A. S. Barnes & Co. $1.20 net.
Long, John Luther. “Naughty Nan.” Century Co. $1.50.
McElroy, Lucy Cleaver. “The Silent Pioneer." T.Y.Crow-
ell & Co. $1.50.
Major, Charles. “Dorothy Vernon of Haddon Hall." Mac-
millan Co. $1.50.
Manning, Marie. "Lord Alingham, Bankrupt." Dodd,
Mead & Co. $1.50.
Meakin, Nevill M. "The Assassing." Henry Holt & Co.
$1.50.
Munn, Charles Clark. “Rockhaven." Lee & Shepard.
$1.50.
Pattee, Fred Lewis, “Mary Garvin," T. Y. Crowell &
Co. $1.50.
Peck, Samuel Minturn. “ Alabama Sketches." A. C.
McClurg & Co. $1.
Phillips, David Graham. “Her Serene Highness." Harper
& Brothers. $1.50.
Phillips, Henry Wallace. “Red Saunders.” McClure,
Phillips & Co. $1.25.
60
66
NATURE AND OUT-OF-DOOR BOOKS.
Chapman, Frank M. “ Bird Life." New edition. D. Ap-
pleton & Co. $2. net.
Comstock, John Henry. “Insect Life." New edition. D.
Appleton & Co. $1.75 net.
Ellacombe, Rev. Canon. * In My Vicarage Garden and Else-
where." John Lane. $1.50 net.
French, Lillie Hamilton. “Hezekiah's Wives." Houghton,
Miffin & Co. 85 cts. net.
Gifford, John. * Practical Forestry." D. Appleton & Co.
$1.20 net.
Gray, W. C. "Musings by Camp-Fire and Wayside."
Floming H. Revell Co. $1.50 net.
Herrick, Francis H. "The Home-Life of Wild Birds."
G. P. Putnam's Sons, · $2.50 net.
"In a Tuscan Garden." John Lane. $1.50 net.
Job, Herbert K. Among the Waterfowl." Doubleday,
Page & Co. $1.35 net.
Jordan, David Starr, and Evermann, Barton W. “American
Food and Game Fishes." Doubleday, Page & Co. $4.net.
Long, William J. “ Beasts of the Field,” and “Fowls of
the Air." Ginn & Co. Each $1.75.
Mathews, F. Schuyler. "Familiar Flowers of Field and
Garden.' New edition. D. Appleton & Co. $1.40 net.
Mathews, F. Schuyler. “Familiar Trees and their Leaves."
New edition. D. Appleton & Co. $1.75 net.
Mathews, F. Schuyler. “Field Book of American Wild
Flowers." G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.75 net.
Miller, Mary Rogers. “The Brook Book." Doubleday,
Page & Co. $1.35 net.
Milne-Home, Mary Pamela. "Stray Leaves from a Border
Garden." Jobin Lano. $1.50 net.
Parsons, Frances Theodora." According to Season." New
edition. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.75 net.
Rhead, Louis. "The Speckled Brook Trout." R. H. Rus-
sell. $3.50 net.
Roberts, Charles G. D. “The Kindred of the Wild."
L. C. Page & Co. $2.
Wheelock, Irene Grosvenor. “Nestlings of Forest and
Marsh." A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.40 net.
Whitney, Caspar (editor). American Sportsman's Library,
First vols.: The Deer Family." By Theodore Roose-
velt, T. S. Van Dyke, A. J. Stone, and D. G. Elliot.
“Upland Game Birds." By Edwin Sandys and T. S. Van
Dgke. Macmillan Co. Per vol., $2. net.
Williams, Mrs. Leslie. A Garden in the Suburbs." John
Lane. $1.25 net.


396
(June 1,
THE DIAL
Sugar and Sugar Beet. John Waddell. Popular Science,
Tait, Peter Guthrie. C. K. Edmunds. Popular Science.
Tips and Commissions. John Gilmer Speed. Lippincott.
Tobacco War in Great Britain. L. Springfield. No. American.
Trusts, How to Curb. Henry Michelsen. North American.
University, The American. J. McKeen Cattell. Pop. Science.
Vacation Schools and Playgrounds. H. S. Curtis. Harper.
Vanderlip, Frank A. Frank H. Brooks. World's Work.
Volcanoes, Nature of. N. S. Shaler. North American.
Washington, Making Laws at. Henry L. Nelson. Century.
West Indian Disaster, The. W.J. McGee. Rev. of Reviews.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 89 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
June, 1902.
Agriculture, The New. W. S. Harwood. Scribner.
Air-Ships and Flying Machines. Santos Dumont. No. Amer.
America and France. Gaston Deschamps. No. American.
America's Great Civic Awakening. S. Baxter. Century.
Arizona, Harriet Monroe. Atlantic.
Atmosphere, The New. Charles Morris. Lippincott.
Austria and Pan-Germanism, Remsen Whitehouse. Atlantic.
Baltic Sea Sloop, On a. J. B. Connolly. Scribner.
Banks, The Consolidation of. World's Work.
beef, Cause of High Price of. G. W.Ogden. World's Work.
Bloodhounds in America. J.D. Howe, C. E. Duffie. Century.
Books to Read this Summer, F. W. Halsey. Rev. of Revs.
Bowdoin College. William I. Cole. Review of Reviews.
Bowery Savings Bank, The. Edward Lowry. World's Work.
Bridge-Building, American, Triumphs of. Century.
British Throne, New Influence on. Lady Jeune. No. Am.
Burr, Aaron, First Love of. Lippincott.
Chivalry, A Survival of. H. S. Watson. Harper.
Creation Legends in Ancient Religion. M. Jastrow,Jr. Harper
Cremona. W. L. Alden. Harper.
Country Lane, A Camera in a. Sidney Allan. Scribner.
Cuba, Public Education in. Matthew E. Hanna. Atlantic.
Cuba, Truth about. H. H. Lewis. World's Work.
Democracy and Education. Vida D. Scudder. Atlantic.
Desert, The. Ray Stannard Baker. Century.
De Vere, Aubrey. Andrew J. George. Atlantic.
Diaz, An Audience with. Alfred B. Mason. Century.
Electric Car, The Charles M. Skinner. Atlantic.
England's Food Supply, America's Control of. No. Amer.
Germany, Public Debt of. A. Wagner. North American.
Golf. William Garrott Brown, Atlantic.
Gulf Stream Myth and the the Anti-Cyclone. Scribner.
Hades, A Dialogue in. Jean N. Melwraith. Atlantic.
Human Life, Commercial Value of. Popular Science.
Humanities, The. Irving Babbitt. Atlantic.
Industrial Experiment, An American. R. T. Ely. Harper.
Infection and Contagion, Municipal Suppression of. No. Am.
Insects and Civilization. H. C. MoCook. Harper.
Instinct. Douglas A. Spalding. Popular Science.
Journalism, Episodes of. Francis E. Leupp. Century.
. “L'Aiglon," A Note on. T. B. Aldrich. Century.
London as It Now Is. Chalmers Roberts. World's Work.
Meteorology and Position of Science in America. No. Amer.
Moon, Canals in the. William H. Pickering. Century.
Newspaper Industry, The. Brooke Fisher. Atlantic.
New York Society a Generation Ago. Elizabeth Duer. Harper
New York's Civic Education. F. Matthews. World's Work.
Nightingale's Song, The. Llinos Eglinton. Atlantic.
Northwestern Migration, The New Tide of. Rev. of Reviews.
Novelists, Two American. Review of Reviews.
Oxford and American Student. F. 8. Stoddard. Rev. of Rev.
Peaches: A National Product. J. H. Hale. World's Work.
Photomicrography, Educational Value of. Popular Science.
Poetry, Old Case of, in New Court. F. V. Gummere. Atlantic.
Political Economy. Roland P. Falkner. Popular Science.
Postal System, Defects and Abuses in Our. No. American.
Psychology. E. A. Page. Popular Science.
Rhodes Scholarships, The. Morse Stepheng. World's Work.
Royal Family of England. Oscar Browning. Century.
Samoa, At the Trader's Station in. Lippincott.
Schools, Public, Beautifying. Bertha Knobe. World's Work.
Scott's Land. William Sharp. Harper.
Shipping, American, Future of. A. Goodrich. World's Work.
Sociology. Lester F. Ward. Popular Science.
Sothern the Elder, Humor of. Lucy D. Fuller. Century.
South, Suffrage in the. Review of Reviews.
Southwest, A New Era in the. Review of Reviews.
Spain, Queen-Regent and Young King of. Rev. of Reviews.
Stars, Autobiography of the. Ralph Bergengren. Harper.
Statistics. Carroll D. Wright. Popular Science.
Strauss and his Music. Gustav Kobbé. North American.
Strikes in the U.S. C. D. Wright. North American.
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
The Brothers Dalziel: A Record of Fifty Years' Work in
Conjunction with Many of the Most Distinguished Artists
of the Period, 1840–1890. Illus., 4to, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 359. E. P. Dutton & Co. $6.50 net.
Tiberius the Tyrant. By J. C. Tarver. With photo
gravure frontispiece, large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 450.
E.P. Dutton & Co. $5. net.
Five Stuart Princesses: Margaret of Scotland, Elizabeth
of Bohemia, Mary of Orange, Henrietta of Orleans, Sophia
of Hanover. Edited by Robert S. Rait. Illus. in photo-
gravure, etc., large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 348. E. P.
Dutton & Co. $3.50 net.
Gabriele Rossetti: A Versified Autobiography. Trans-
lated and supplemented by William Michael Rossetti.
Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 199. E. P. Dutton & Co.
$3. net.
Shakespear. By W. Carew Hazlitt. Large 8vo, uncut,
pp. 288. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.50 net.
Sketches of Some Booksellers of the Time of Dr. Samuel
Johnson. By E. Marston. Illus. in photogravure, etc.,
16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 127. Charles Soribner's Song.
$2. net.
Mary Boyle: Her Book. Edited by Sir Courtenay Boyle,
K.C.B. Illus. in photogravure, etc., 8vo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 292. E. P. Datton & Co. $3. net.
Terrors of the Law: Being the Portraits of Three Law.
yers, “Bloody Jeffreys." "The Bluidy Advocate
Mackenzie," the Original Weir of Hermiston. By Francis
Watt. With photogravure portraits, 16mo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 129. John Lane. $1.25 net.
Daniel Webster. By Samuel W. McCall. With photo-
gravure portrait, 12mo, pp. 124. Houghton, Miffin & Co.
80 cts. net.
HISTORY.
A History of Greece to the Death of Alexander the Great.
By J. B. Bury, M.A. In 2 vols., with maps and plans,
large 8vo, uncut. Macmillan Co. $8. net.
The Barbarian Invasions of Italy. By Pasquale Villari;
trans. by Linda Villari. In 2 vols., with frontispiece and
maps, large 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. Charles Scribner's Song.
$7.50 net.
Court Life under the Plantagenets (Reign of Henry the
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66


398
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THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
ber will always lead men to take special note
of the tenth, or the fiftieth, or the one hundreth
No. 384
JUNE 16, 1902. Vol. XXXII. anniversary of the important event, and direct
toward that event a degree of retrospective at-
CONTENTS.
tention that nobody would think of giving it a
year earlier or later.
THE CENTENNIAL HABIT
. 409
One cannot help thinking, somehow, of the
THE CHATEAUBRIAND MEMOIRS. Edith Kellogg
Dunton
. 411
analogy offered by our mechanical religious ob-
servance of the seventh day, by which so many
THE BEGINNINGS OF THE GREAT WEST.
F. H. Hodder
412 people compound their real indifference to the
RECORDS OF AN AMIABLE WEAKNESS. Percy
whole subject of religion. In vain it is urged
F. Bicknell.
414
that if religion has any vital meaning at all, its
THE PRINCIPLES OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION.
influence ought to affect our lives on one day
A. M. Wergeland .
416 no less than another; similarly, it is urged in
ELLEN TERRY AND HER SISTERS. Ingram A. vain that the memory of a great benefactor of
Pyle
417 mankind ought to remain with us as an abiding
CRUMBS FROM THE PSYCHOLOGISTS TABLE. force all the time instead of appealing to us
T. D. A. Cockerell
419 once in a hundred years or even once a year,
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
420 that the fundamental principles of our national
Some American master-painters. — Three men of life ought to be the constant inspiration of our
wrath.— Methods of studying religion.— The com-
pletion of a great work in political economy.-A
civic conduct, instead of being recalled, in a
reprint of Fielding's last work.— Geography of the more or less perfunctory manner, when the
British Isles. — Life and doctrines of Immanuel
full year has rolled round, or commemorated
Kant.— An American life of Napoleon.— Methods
for the study of the nervous system.- The life and by some sort of a show when the full term of
art-work of Mr. Whistler,
a humdred years is ended. Reason urges these
BRIEFER MENTION
423 considerations on us in vain ; and we shall no
NOTES
424 doubt continue, until the end of the chapter, in
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
424 our easy-going ways, — paying lip-service once
a week or once a year to the religious faith
which we profess, once a year or once a century
THE CENTENNIAL HABIT.
to the memory of the great men, to the declara-
The practice of celebrating anniversaries, tion of the principle or the foundation of the
when they count up to some round number of institution that exacts our homage.
years, is not exactly a modern one, but it has Leaving out of our discussion the more fre-
received such an impetus in our own time quently recurring periods, let us think for a
that we may fairly characterize it as a babit. moment about decades and centuries and mil-
Owing to the historical accident of our use of lennial cycles. The fundamental reason why
the Arabic system of numerals, the number we exalt them into an illogical significance
one hundred, or some one of its multiples or is doubtless found in our instinctive mental
factors, is the invariable basis of such cele economy. Another reason is found in the
brations. Had the Babylonian reckoning by taint of hypocrisy which is so apt to affect
twelves instead of tens been adopted by our our attitude toward most serious subjects of
civilization, we should have bad an entirely contemplation that are not immediately related
different set of numbers to work upon,
to our every-day tasks. Still another reason,
should doubtless bave singled out, just as we and a most potent one, is the delight which the
but we


410
(June 16,
THE DIAL
average man takes in a show. We Americans, recent years have been those planned in cele-
particularly, considering that we are a demo bration of the founding of our older colleges.
cratic people by political profession, derive a Harvard attained to the dignity of a quarter-
most unholy satisfaction from every sort of millennial as long ago as 1886 ; Yale had its
pomp and ceremonial, and, while repudiating bicentennial only last year ; Princeton had its
the ideas upon which such old-world inventions sesquicentennial half a dozen years ago. We
rest, do our best to rival the ostentations of read the other day that some small college
"effete monarchies.” Sponsors as we are of a or other, nearing its seventy-fifth birthday, was
new social order nationally consecrated by great preparing to celebrate a semi-sesquicentennial.
deeds and devotions, we copy as far as we may This opens a rather appalling vista of frac-
the pageantry of the old order, and look with tional cycles and the possibilities associated
envying regret upon those European possibili- with them. And our own University of Chi.
ties which are American impossibilities.
American impossibilities. To cago last year, youthful through no fault of its
those whose eyes are chiefly for the spectacular, own, set a new fashion in anniversaries by cele-
an American centennial must be a poor thing brating its first decennial with as much display
in comparison, let us say, with a Hungarian as would have been suited to an institution many
millennial ; what compensation we have for the times as aged. Ten years should certainly be
picturesque elements denied us may be satisfy the limit, and a halt should sternly be called at
ing to the intellect, but they leave the aesthetic this point; otherwise the next new educational
sepse a little starved.
foundation to be established may be so eager to
We are not saying all this by way of blame have its own praises sung that it will seek to com-
for an assumed manifestation of national folly; memorate the completion of its first lustrum.
the craving for show and color and imposing The literary centennial is usually a simple
ceremonial is a thing too essentially inherent and dignified performance, against which little
in human nature to be thus stigmatized. To may be urged beyond what has already been
the historical sense no less than to the sense said of all periodical celebrations. Some years
for the picturesque do these things have gen. ago, we noted the fact that exactly two thou-
uine value, and we are quite worthily occupied sand years had elapsed since the birth of Cicero,
as a people when we bend our best energies to and suggested as a novelty in celebrations a
such an impressive commemoration as that of bimillennial demonstration on the part of clas-
the first centennial of the nation's birth, or the sical scholars. Among the longer terms cele-
fourth centennial of the discovery of the new brated in our own time there will be recalled
world. But it is nevertheless possible that the the millennial of Alfred last summer, the sixth
thing may be overdone. When we think of centennial of Dante in 1865, the fourth of
the long succession of centennials since 1776, Michelangelo in 1874, the third of Shake-
it seems as though some of them might have speare in 1864, and the Goethe sesquicenten-
been spared. It was only last year that we were nial in 1899. The simple literary centennial
celebrating the installation of John Marshall; is being celebrated somewhere and by some-
and next year, or the year after, we shall be body almost every year. It is usually char-
celebrating the Louisiana Purchase. It some acterized by an uncritical laudation of its subject
times seems that anything will serve as a pre in both speech and print, and, unlike the cere-
text for a centennial celebration. The
age
of of canonization, it does not willingly give
the multi-centennials is now upon us. Yale had a respectful hearing to the devil's advocate.
a bicentennial a few months ago, and a decade In the judgment of those who plan the cele-
ago the whole country had a quadricentennial.bration, the subject is already canonized, and
The first of what will doubtless be a long series there is nothing more to say. The true spirit of
of tricentennials was celebrated the other day literary appreciation is not, after all, to be found
at Cuttyhunk, in memory of Bartholomew Gos- in demonstrations of any sort. These are nearly
ld's short-lived colony. Jamestown is sure to always suggestive of the Pharisee who says his
come in course of time, and Plymouth and Sa- prayers openly to gain a reputation for piety.
lem, and the whole series of colonial beginnings. The real lover of literature will, rather than
Possibly after a while we shall become weary | indulge in any outward manifestation of his
of recalling our national history in this spas- affection, follow the example of Lamb, and offer
modic
way, and hit upon some more rational up unuttered and heartfelt words of grace when.
plan of keeping the past alive in our memory. ever he takes up his Milton or his Spenser for
Among the most acceptable centennials of an hour of spiritual recreation.
mony


1902.]
411
THE DIAL
The New Books.
himself lived to win the gratitude of Napoleon
and to watch the fall of " the Man of the
Time,” to witness the restoration of the legiti-
THE CHATEAUBRIAND MEMOIRS.*
mate royal line, and to occupy positions of
honor and trust under the new government.
“ If I were still the owner of these Memoirs,
At the close of the fourth volume we leave him
I would either keep them in manuscript or
at the summit of his fame, as French Ambas-
delay their appearance for fifty years." So,
sador to Rome.
just before his death, wrote the Viscount Cha-
teaubriand of the Mémoires d'Outre-tombe.
So much for the political side of his career.
With their completion, he had tried to “cheat
In its intervals of exile or disgrace he became
the tedium of those last forlorn hours which
a renowned traveller; under stress of poverty
we neither desire, nor know how to employ.” he made his literary reputation. In one capa-
Before the end came he found himself under city or another he came to know, casually at
the painful necessity of selling the Memoirs, least, all the greatest men of his time in both
and they were published immediately after his continents. Naturally in many chapters of his
death. Now, after a delay a little longer than
Memoirs he is less the central figure than the
that wished for by the author, there is appear-
observer, the critic, or the raconteur.
ing an English edition of these justly famous
Yet in spite of the objectivity inseparable
reminiscences. The translator is Alexander
from the story of so eventful a life, the Me-
Teixeira de Mattos, whose uncompromisingly Saxon mind certainly, even obtrusively and
moirs are deeply subjective; to the Anglo-
foreign name is no index of his ability to mas-
ter the English idiom. Four volumes, carrying baldly egotistical. “It was fated that I should
the Viscount's life down to the year 1829, have
be plagued by princes.” Like " the man of
already appeared, and the Messrs. Putnam destiny.” whom he served, Chateaubriand be-
promise the remaining two within the year.
lieves himself born for great things, and insists
In his own day, Chateaubriand was rated
upon his readers' appreciation and reverence.
unreservedly as the foremost man of letters in
And yet in the next breath he lets fall a de-
France, if not in all Europe. To-day his remi-preciatory sentence like this:
niscences, in America at least, must win atten-
“Good for everything where others, good for noth-
ing where I myself am concerned: there you have me.”
tion largely on their own merit, - rather as
the stirring life-story of a great Frenchman
Does destiny, then, overcome temperament?
than as the personal revelation of the author With similar inconsistency he breaks into a
of “ Atala” and “René,” or “The Genius of stirring narrative with a plaintive comment on
Christianity."
the vanity of the things of this world :
Few men, surely, have more material at “While bidding farewell to the woods of Aulney,
hand out of which to construct an autobiogra-
I shall recall the farewell which long ago I bade to the
woods of Combourg; my days are all farewells.”
phy. A dreamy, vagabond childhood spent in
Brittany; a restless youth dedicated to the
Again, with melancholy languor, he says of
church but finally devoted to the army; a pre-
himself :
sentation at Versailles, arranged to satisfy a
“It is easy to possess resignation, patience, a general
brother's ambition; a taste of garrison life, and
obligingness, equanimity of temper, when one interests
himself in nothing, when one is wearied by everything,
another, very unwelcome to the shy young sol.
sol bi
when one replies to good and bad fortune alike with a
dier, of Parisian society; finally a quixotic desperate and despairing . What does it matter?'”
journey to the United States in search of the
Northwest Passage, - and at twenty-four, when fashion; combined with the strange turns of
This Byronic boredom is no longer in the
the Chevalier de Chateaubriand came back to
fortune which the Viscount experienced, it
France to fight for his king against his father imparts to the Memoirs a tinsel, theatrical air
land, he was already a man of the world. The
of romantic melancholy, curiously out of date
Bourbon dynasty he defended suffered annihi.
since Carlyle and Emerson.
lation, friends and family languished in prison Yet, for all his blasé affectation, the Vis-
or died under the guillotine; but Chateaubriand
count has many admirable qualities. He is
*MEMOIRS OF FRANCOIS RENÉ VICOMTE DE CHATEAU fearless in times of great danger, honest when
BRIAND, Sometime Ambassador to England. Being a trans-
honesty was clearly impolitic, true to his legiti-
lation by Alexander Teixeira de Mattos of the Mémoires
d'Outre-tombe. In six volumes, illustrated. New York:
mate principles no matter what they cost him,
G. P. Putnam's Sons.
an avowed advocate of Christianity in a nation


412
(June 16,
THE DIAL
of atheists. He is forever lamenting that he ing it also monumental. That is why the
was born too late, but his world-weariness does translator has wished to present it to us in
not tempt him into idle acquiescence in the new English for the first time in its impressive en-
order of things.
tirety. He has done his part as annotator and
The style of the Memoirs is as varied as the translator exceedingly well. The publishers
matter that composes them. A perfect mirror have brought the work out in handsome vol.
of the man who wrote it, it is an odd mixture umes, abundantly illustrated with views of
of garrulity, affectation, pomposity, brilliancy, Chateaubriand's homes, and portraits of his
and delicate charm. Occasionally he becomes contemporaries, many of them reproduced in
tersely epigrammatic, — as when, apropos of photogravure. So at last there is no reason
his neglecting to visit Luther's tomb at Witten why this man, so conspicuous both in the lit-
berg, he thus expresses the full measure of his erature and history of his time, may not be-
conservatism :
come pleasantly familiar to a large circle of
“ Protestantism in religion is only an illogical heresy, English readers, through what many critics
in politics only an abortive revolution."
consider his most important work — his story
More often he indulges in picturesque de of himself.
EDITH KELLOGG DUNTON.
scription. The full force of the romantic man-
ner comes out in a paragraph like this upon
Mirabeau :
“ Mirabeau's ugliness, laid on over the substratum of
THE BEGINNINGS OF THE GREAT WEST.*
beauty special to his race, produced a sort of powerful
We may distinguish two principal “ Wests”
figure from the Last Judgment of Michael Angelo. . .
in American history. The old or middle West
The scars dug into the orator's face by the small-
pox had rather the semblance of gaps left by the fire. extended from the Alleghany mountains to the
Nature seems to have moulded his head for Empire Mississippi river. Its settlement began during
or the gallows, and to have hewn his arms to clasp the Revolution, and it was fairly filled with
a nation or carry off a woman. When he shook his
mane as he looked at the mob, he stopped it; when he
population and its political organization was
raised his paw and showed his claws, the plebs ran
completed by the middle of the nineteenth cen-
furiously. I have seen him in the tribune, amid the tury. The tier of States lying along the west
awful disorder of a sitting, sombre, ugly, and motion bank of the Mississippi, and extending from
less; he reminded one of Milton's Chaos, shapeless and
Louisiana to Minnesota, became historically,
impassive in the centre of his own confusion.”
as it was geographically, a part of the old West.
His delicacy of touch is most evident in
The region beyond and between them and the
the descriptions of nature, - of Brittany as Pacific Ocean constituted the new, the far, or
he knew it in his childhood, or the primeval the great West.
the great West. Its settlement was a long
forests of the new world ; or again in picturing time delayed. At first the land was not needed,
the creatures of his imagination, particularly
and, more than that, was not thought worth
that sylph of his boyish dreams, a woman built
having Later, a barrier of Indian reserva-
up
out of all the women whom I had ever
tions checked emigration, and the slavery con.
seen,” with an admixture of the graces of the
troversy blocked organization. The occupation
heathen goddesses, and even a hint of the Vir-
of this region began suddenly, in the fourth
gin herself.
decade of the century, with the annexation of
On the whole, it is the first volume, which Texas, the emigration to Oregon, and the rush
deals with Chateaubriand's youth, that has
to California for gold.
most life and atmosphere. It is the idyl, the
The greater interest attaching to these events
pastoral, to which his style is best suited. The
has obscured the earlier period, and its history
complex narrative of the later years would
is almost a blank. Captain H. M. Chittenden
often be more interesting if the stage were
has recently entered this neglected field, in his
smaller. Too many of the personages written “ American Fur Trade of the Far West,” and
of have to be rescued from oblivion by the around the history of the fur trade has grouped
foot-notes, and are not really resuscitated. almost the whole bistory of the period. He
The polemical portions of the book, too, pre-
has found that the period is not only interest-
senting documentary evidence in vindication
ing, but that it exerted a direct and important
of the author or his friends, possess little of influence upon the course of later events, serving
the human interest which is the vital principle
* THE AMERICAN FUR TRADE OF THE FAR WEST. By
of biography. But if this treasure-trove is
Hiram Martin Chittenden. In three volumes. New York:
unwieldy, De Mattos' friend was right in call Francis P. Harper.
-
-


1902.)
413
THE DIAL
as a sort of preparatory or “middle-age" stage chiefly within the drainage basin of the Colo-
in the development of the West. Specifically, rado; so that each territorial addition consisted
his work.covers the period between the return of a distinct geographical unity. On its biblio-
of Lewis and Clark, in 1806, and the year graphical side, Captain Chittenden's work is
1843. The latter year is in many ways a unsatisfactory. The bulk of his material is
turning-point in Western history. Fremont's drawn from rare files of early Missouri news-
exploring expeditions had recently begun, the papers, and from the manuscript records of the
Santa Fé trade was finally closed, and the first fur companies ; but his references to sources
considerable emigration to Oregon took place. are so indefinite that one can scarcely test the
Captain Chittenden divides his work into a
accuracy of his work without undertaking it
five parts. Part I. treats of the characteristic anew. A careful bibliography of printed books,
features of the fur trade as carried on during a description of the manuscript material, and
the period under review, the kind of furs more specific reference to the authorities for
sought, and the methods of trapping and tra particular statements, would have been a de-
ding. The business is peculiar in many re-
cided advantage.
spects, and an understanding of its peculiarities Upon one subject of some general interest,
is essential to an understanding of its history. Captain Chittenden is in error. He concludes
Part II. presents the history of the organization that the so-called “flathead deputation,” out
and operations of the various fur companies. of which the Methodist and American Board
This part comprises the bulk of the work, and missions in Oregon grew, visited St. Louis in
contains the principal results of the author's the autumn of 1832. Major Edmond Mallet
researches. Supplementary to the history of has proved, from the correspondence of Bishop
the fur trade, an account is given of the over Rosati printed in the “ Annals for the Propa-
land trade with Santa Fé, from its inception gation of the Faith," and from the registry of
in 1822 until its close in 1843. The route of sepultures kept in the Catholic Cathedral at
both the Oregon and Santa Fé trails is care St. Louis, that the visit of the deputation took
fully described. Part III. gives an account of place in the autumn of 1831. The missionary
contemporary events, not forming a part of the account of this visit was derived from a letter
fur trade, but more or less directly affecting written by a Wyandot chief named William
it, — such as the War of 1812, Long's ex Walker to G. P. Disoway, which was originally
ploring expeditions, Leavenworth’s campaign printed in the “Christian Advocate” in 1833,
against the Aricaras, Atkinson's treaty-making and which Captain Chittenden reprints in an
tour, and the small-pox scourge among the appendix. In transmitting the letter to the
Indians in 1837. Part IV. is an anecdotal “Christian Advocate,” Mr. Disoway assumed,
account of the more notable incidents and and it has since been taken for granted, that
characters connected with the fur trade, stories Walker's trip was made in 1832; but Walker's
of Indian fights, hairbreadth escapes, and fron letter does not say so, and the records of the
tier desperadoes. Part V. gives a description St. Louis Indian Agency, now in the library
of the mountains, rivers, flora, fauna, and of the Kansas State Historical Society, show
native tribes of the West, in their relation to that it was made the year before. November
the fur trade. An appendix reproducing some 22, 1831, the Iowa Sub-Agent reported to
original documents, and a valuable map indi General Clark the visit of “ Mr. Walter and
cating routes of travel and the location of party,” either the agent or the copyist changing
trading-posts, complete the work.
Walker to Walter; and General Clark, in
Captain Chittenden's insight into historical writing the Indian Department December 28,
relations is clear. He brings out the impor. 1831, referred to “ the Wyandot Indians and
tance of the exclusion of France from the their leaders, who lately explored the Country
American continent by the French and Indian above.” In his report to General Cass, dated
war, an event often obscured by the stress we November 20, 1831, General Clark doubtless
are accustomed to lay upon the Revolution. referred to the “flathead delegation "in saying
His identification of each of the successive ter that Indians “from west of the Rocky moun-
ritorial acquisitions composing the Far West tains are visiting me.” The point is chiefly
with marked geographical features is worth interesting as showing the careless and uncrit-
emphasizing. Upper Louisiana comprised the ical way in which missionary history has been
watershed of the Missouri, Oregon the valley made up.
of the Columbia, and the Mexican cession lay The importance of the fur trade is to be


414
(June 16,
THE DIAL
measured by the activity of the traders rather | it, under strict control, to a monopoly like the
than by their number. The average number Hudson's Bay Company. In its earlier stages,
of traders is estimated as about five hundred; the Indian trade was regulated through gov-
yet this small number almost covered the entire ernment factories ; but the system was never
West with their forts and trading-posts. Cap- extended to any extent beyond the Mississippi,
tain Cbittenden has located and traced the and was abolished in 1822. Private competi-
origin of as many as one hundred and forty of tion debauched the natives with liquor, incited
these posts. The greatest service that the tribal wars, and gave the Indian a poor opinion
traders rendered was that of exploring the en. of the character of the white man. But it was
tire region and pointing out the most practic an era of faith in the efficiency of free com-
able routes of travel in its later settlement. petition as a regulator of business, and of belief
Exploration was of course incidental with them, that monopoly in any form was a violation of
as with the early American colonists; but an private right. It was not understood that
increase of geographical knowledge nevertheless competition often reduces business to the level
resulted. The overland Astoria expeditions of the lowest competitor, and that monopoly in
very nearly opened the whole of the Oregon many cases is the best form of regulation. The
Trail. The California expeditions of J. S. statesmen of the time acted, in their regulation
Smith added so much geographical information, of the fur trade, upon universally accepted
that Gallatin was able to construct a fairly theory. The story of the Indian is a painful
accurate map of the entire West,
a map one, but the outcome could not in any event
which Bonneville appropriated and in some have been greatly altered. F. H. HODDER.
respects improved. In fact, as Captain Chit-
tenden points out, the fur traders were the true
“pathfinders” of the West, and anticipated:
all the important geographical discoveries that RECORDS OF AN AMIABLE WEAKNESS. *
are usually attributed to the official explorers The enthusiasm of the typical collector,
of later date.
whether of faded tapestries, of postage stamps,
Politically, the traders rendered important or of bugs and beetles, excites a smile, half of
service. At the North they held the British
amusement, half of envy, from one who has
in check until the time was ripe for settlement.
never felt himself carried away by the cacoethes
At the South they not only opened the way for colligendi, the rage to possess an unrivalled
military occupation, but, by uniting New Mex-
assortment of something, no matter how intrin-
ican interests with our own, rendered that oc-
sically worthless and uninteresting. One of
cupation the more acceptable. The settlement
the present writer's schoolmates, by no means
of the West was largely a question of trans a wooden-headed lad, was given to collecting
portation, and this question was worked out bits of wood, no two of a kind; and these lig.
gradually by the experiments of the traders.
neous fragments he would exhibit with infinite
The earliest trade followed the Missouri river, complacency. What the collector collects mat-
and was carried on with keelboats until steam-
ters not, if only the collecting mania be upon
boats took their place in 1832. The overland him.
trade began with pack-horses. Wagons were But when the madness takes the form ex-
introduced on the Santa Fé Trail in 1822, and emplified by Mr. Joline’s diverting collection
on the Oregon Trail in 1830. Bonneville took
of autographia, amusement gives place to grati-
the first wagons through the South Pass to tude. His book is an omnium-gatherum of
Green river in 1832, and the Oregon emigra- many sorts of good things, and bears ample
tion closed the period of experiment by taking testimony to a long experience in intelligent
them through to the Columbia river in 1843. collecting of interesting memorials of interest-
Thus, from every point of view, the life of the ing people. The autograph collector, in Mr.
hunter, the trapper, and the trader constituted
Joline's sense of the term, is not a collector of
a preparatory stage in the history of the West, signatures, not an autograph-album fiend, but
which paved the way for its later settlement
a person who appreciates the value of letters
and growth.
and other signed documents from the hands of
In looking back upon the history of the fur the good and great, and who is given to pre-
trade, it is easy to see that the United States
* MEDITATIONS OF AN AUTOGRAPH COLLECTOR. By
ought either to have carried on the trade
Adrian H. Joline. Illustrated. New York: Harper &
through its own agencies, or to have granted
Brothers.


1902.)
415
THE DIAL
1
serving such memorials. The self-respecting valued signature. Surely there must have been
collector is not obtrusive; he never writes a beg- many among his admirers who, unable though
ging letter to a stranger, but gathers his ma they were to procure Samoan postage stamps,
terial from friends and acquaintances, and from yet failed not to proffer their requests in re-
reputable traders in such wares. The dangers spectful terms.
spectful terms. Contrast now another great
of imposture are ever to be guarded against. man's response to a like petition :
Clever forgeries abound. Copies also that are “R. Shelton Mackenzie, — Below is my autograph
made in all innocence occasionally find their for your good lady as you request.
way into the market as originals. Photographic
« Yours truly,
«A. LINCOLN.1
reproductions, too, may deceive the inexpe-
rienced, but never the
As an instance of the mock-modest auto-
expert. Most
annoying
of all, a letter signed “ Thomas Jones”
graph-to-order, take the following. Its absurd
may
not be his, but from another man of the same
self-abasement is laughable.
name. Our author justly deplores the increas-
“Lord Rosebery presents his compliments to Miss
C—, but would rather not make her collection and
ing vogue of the stenographer and the type himself ridiculous by sending it the autograph of an
writer. The one lingering trace of individuality insignificant person.”
in a present-day letter is too often limited to
How crushing to Miss C—, to be called it!
the signature, and even this may be only the For we hold, with Mr. Joline, that one does
impression of a rubber stamp. Truly the out not send one's autograph to a collection, but to
look is depressing.
the collector. Finally, as an example of grace-
The “ meditations are delightfully miscel.
ful compliance with a request that must always
laneous in character and haphazard in arrange be more or less of an annoyance, nothing could
ment, chopped into chapters of convenient be better than this from Colonel Higginson :
length. The author pleads, in humorous apol-
“ I have your note. If, as somebody says, applica-
ogy for his lack of method, that “these desul. tions for autographs are • a shadow cast by success,' I
tory jottings, with all their sips and imperfec suppose one can no more object to them than one can
tions, are only the staggerings of the mind of quarrel with his shadow.”
an ancient collector, the maunderings of an Beside autographs, the book deals with
obsolete person.” Being a book-lover as well many remotely related matters, mostly literary
as an autograph collector, he has harvested or historical Judgments are delivered in the
much that is of literary interest, including au slap-dash manner of an after-dinner chat, and
thors' manuscripts and rare first editions with so are not to be taken too seriously. Here is
authors' signatures. Dramatic, political, and an opinion on English reviewers that is not
historical characters are also well represented.
without basis :
Revolutionary generals cut a considerable “ There does not appear to be any adequate reason
figure in the book, with their quaintly spelled why English reviewers should be as hard and severe as
they almost invariably are. Their style bears to true
letters ; and even the Signers — the despair of
criticism about the same relation which the conduct of
all collectors, so far as a complete collection of
the savage who knocks down the object of his affec-
the famous fifty-six is concerned — make a re tions and drags her to his home bears to the conven-
spectable showing. The written-to-order letter tional courtship of civilization. . . . Any writer is en-
is seldom of great interest, but here is one of
titled to a fair, generous, and liberal treatment. It is
a small and petty mind which will use the power of
Stevenson's that does not lack character :
an anonymous reviewer to denounce and ridicule his
“ Vailima, Upolu, Samoa. subject."
“ You have sent me a slip to write on: you have sent Our author seems not to be heartily enam-
me an addressed envelope: you have sent it to me
oured of his English cousins. Because Mr.
stamped: many have done as much before. You have
spelied my name right, and some have done that. In Serjeant Robinson, in his “Reminiscences of
one point you stand alone: you have sent me the the Bench and Bar,” finds fault with Judah P.
stamps for my post-office, not the stamps for yours. Benjamin's American twang, Mr.Joline retorts
What is asked with so much consideration, I take a that Benjamin's tone “ was absolutely twang-
pleasure to grant. Here, since you value it and have
been at the pains to earn it by such unusual attention
less, and it was, as compared with the hollow,
here is the signature of
rough, and coarse bow-wow of the Englishman,
“ ROBERT Louis STEVENSON. like the song of the nightingale beside the caw
“For the one civil autograph collector, Charles R—," of the crow.
of the crow.” The American twang, however,
There is a tone of weary condescension about is not a figment of the British fancy — to our
this, and one resents the writer's imputation of sorrow be it said, — and the first step toward
incivility against all previous applicants for his amendment is honest confession. The utter-


416
(June 16,
THE DIAL
ance of the cultured Englishman, whether in business-like methods. The thread of discus-
conversation or in public speech, however we sion, at first so firmly grasped, in the very next
may criticise his accent, his dropping of final chapter drops as from weary hands, and there
g in ing, and other offenses, has more of music, ensues a desultory, rambling inquiry into the
of rhythm, of varied modulation, than has innumerable factors that have made up the
ours; and this is a matter of common remark.
present stage of our civilization. This inquiry
By a curious fatality, we censure the very consists largely of reiteration of set phrases,
errors we ourselves are most prone to commit and of what some one has said concerning so-
a reflection that gives the professional critic cial and economic problems twenty years ago.
pause. After deploring Mrs. Stowe's per We have never read an author who so con-
petuation of the scandal concerning Byron's sistently argued backward to a point lying
unhappy domestic relations, the Autograph leagues and leagues away from the original
Collector, only two pages further on, refers basis of the argument, and who so unremit-
to Carlyle and his wife as living together in tingly forced his reader to review old issues
“ferocious gloom.” “Their feuds and quar- only too familiar or possibly even discarded.
rels,” he adds, were bitter and continuous.” But one has perhaps no right to quarrel
Again, he lays it down as a truth that quota with an author about his methods, if he only
tions are more than likely to be incorrect; and comes to a definite conclusion in the end.
on a later page he furnishes an involuntary Here too, however, our author is singularly
proof of his thesis by misquoting the opening unsatisfying; he says a great deal about the
lines of Emerson's “ Brahma.” He takes present and the past, but systematically relin-
pains, on page 132, to correct a slight mis- quishes any but the vaguest and most general
statement on page 19, adding, “after all, my conclusions about the future. Yet Mr. Kidd
mistake is not of much importance, except to distinctly claims originality for his book, and
me, for I always feel sure that I never make a the glory of a discovery quite as important for
blunder - until I am caught at it.” Com future social philosophy as Darwin's “ natural
mending this love of accuracy for its own sake, selection " or the “ survival of the fittest."
may we correct another slight error of his ? It He begins by pointing out, what we are
is a little surprising that so good a classical sorry to say everybody, has long been aware of,
scholar as Mr. Joline shows himself to be that our present period is a period of self-seeking
should associate (page 2) the incident of the as the generally accepted moral code. This
Cumæan sibyl — the little transaction in sacred code is based upon the liberal doctrines of the
books — with Tarquinius Priscus instead of eighteenth century, the accentuated individ-
with Tarquinius Superbus.
ualism of the French Revolution, and the
PERCY F. BICKNELL. social-democratic ideal of equal enjoyment for
all, counteracted by the new Herrenmoral of
the age now beginning. Centuries of develop-
THE PRINCIPLES OF WESTERN
ment have worked toward this end ; and since
CIVILIZATION.*
this condition sees its ideal in the satisfac-
It must be confessed that Mr. Kidd's latest tion of the individual, Mr. Kidd calls it the
book,
rather a disappointing piece of social philoso- his argument upon his study of Darwin and
phy. The same faults, and, strange to say, the Weissmann, he maintains that nature is not
same merits which characterized his “Social satisfied with the present, that in fact the
Evolution” are evident also in his “ Western present is what nature is least concerned with ;
Civilization.” In each book the first chapter it is for the future, for the generations to
is singularly stimulating and concise in thought, come, that the individual is sacrificed. Thus
as it sketches the achievements of our present there is some method in the apparent madness
time and asks what is in store for us in the fu of waste and destruction ; and for this future,
ture. One naturally expects an equally direct natural selection in the present is the necessary
and clearly formulated answer, or at least an prerequisite. “Projected efficiency" is what
acute and pointed investigation into the ele- he calls this systematic preparation, genera-
ments which might tend toward some satisfactions ahead, for some prospective issue.
tory solution. But the author disdains such This is all very well, but it hardly justifies
PRINCIPLES OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION. By Benjamin
the author in looking upon so slender a revela-
Kidd. New York: The Macmillan Co.
tion as an important discovery, since it is
Principles of Western Civilization,” is * ascendancy of the present.”. Yet, basing


1902.]
417
THE DIAL
verse.
almost as commonplace and matter-of-fact statements are not Mr. Kidd's strong point;
an observation as an evolutionist can make. he likes circumventions. Sweeping assertions
People who have not the thinking habit may and generalities are, as of old, the besetting sin
consider “projected efficiency” a very great of the evolutionists who attain to philosophical
addition to the terms which science has created breadth of view. Incidentally there are many
as expressions of order and plan in the uni- interesting remarks made in the book. Mr.
But whatever may be said about the Kidd is at his best in his parentheses ; but the
term, the idea that the present lives for the really decisive statements and arguments are
future has been in men's minds from the be lost in the general melée of explanations, re-
ginning, and consciously recognised as para- iterations, and references to something else,
mount in all creation. 6 Go to the ant and be which make the reader impatient for a bit of
wise,” — what does the ant do but build and plain reasoning. We hope some day to see
burrow and slave for its progeny? And the an abridged edition of Mr. Kidd's works, in
humblest as well as the proudest of mortals, which some of the evils of style and method
does he not do likewise ? Yet to the proving here complained of shall have been eliminated.
of this somewhat trite proposition Mr. Kidd
A. M. WERGELAND.
devotes several chapters.
His answer to the question, What kind of
efficiency will prevail in the future? is but
little more satisfactory. In the twentieth cen ELLEN TERRY AND HER SISTERS.*
tury he sees, as the future prevailing type, the Two years ago this month we had occasion
type organized towards "military efficiency"; to review in these columns an authentic life of
that is, let us say, the type having the most de “ The Kendals,” by Mr. T. Edgar Pemberton.
structive firearms and the most efficient explo: To those interested in the history of the con-
sives, presumably those that discharge their temporary stage the volume proved particularly
deadly weapons by pressing the electric button! welcome. The author has now given us a com-
It seems as if, after a repetition of types of the panion volume entitled “ Ellen Terry and her
destructive kind from the very beginning of Sisters,” in which a number of biographical de-
things, we might expect in the present indus tails not hitherto obtainable have been grouped
trial era at least some slight variation. If Mr. together with considerable skill, making a story
Kidd had pointed out as the surviving type the which reads easily and consecutively.
one which could most advantageously close a Miss Terry has for many years been termed
bargain, we should have been able to point to by some the greatest living Shakespearian
this as something new if not more attractive; actress. Mr. Pemberton's timely memoir re-
or if he had said that the survivor was to be the veals to us much of her inner life, and traces
one who could subsist the longest on the least, her outward history; shows us the influences
we should have seen the logical conclusion in under which she grew up and developed, — the
the struggle for existence and the survival of
traits of her character, early and strongly
the fittest.
manifested, — and follows her theatrical career
Mr. Kidd appears to use historical incidents from her maiden effort at the age of six years,
to fit his purpose just as freely as Mr. Spencer through its successive stages down to the hey-
whom he censures, and he is far less explicit day of a most eventful life.
and direct in his explanation of them. For It was while Mr. and Mrs. Ben Terry were
example, when Mr. Kidd has pointed to the fulfilling an engagement at Coventry that their
circumstance that life is sacred in the modern daughter Ellen Terry was born. This was on
state as it never was in the ancient, he pro- February 27, 1848, and a little feud bas taken
ceeds to explain this by the assumption that place among the people of that interesting
“in the last resort, the life of the individual
City of Three Tall Spires” as to the precise
is related to ends and principles which entirely house in which the important event took place.
transcend the objects for which the political The child made her earliest (though childish)
organization around us itself exists." The
successes with Charles Kean in a famous series
plainer explanation would be that the under-
of Shakespearian revivals. Miss Terry has said:
standing of the ends and principles which trans “It must be remembered that my sister and I had
cend the objects referred to is due to religious the advantage of exceedingly clever and conscientious
belief in a future existence, which in the first
*ELLEN TERRY AND HER SISTERS. By T. Edgar Pem-
place awakens responsibility. But such plain berton. Illustrated. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co.


418
[June 16,
THE DIAL.
that goes
up
parents, who spared no pains to bring out and perfect Arthur,” her recent triumphs have been com-
any talents we possessed. My father was a charming plete. In personating a character she identifies
elocutionist, and my mother read Shakspeare beauti-
fully, and then both were very fond of us and saw our
herself so entirely with her part that her face
faults with eyes of love, though they were unsparing in
seems to flush or pale with the varying excite-
their corrections. And, indeed, they had need of all ment of her character. Whatever the senti.
their patience, for, for my own part, I know I was a ment or situation of the moment, everything
most troublesome, wayward pupil.”
to make the ensemble of the actress
It has always been conceded that the stock moves and speaks in unison ; so that, whether
company is the practical school of dramatic portraying the complex emotions of life, or the
art. It was in the Bristol Stock Company convergent subsidence of death, she is, in look,
that Miss Terry received her early training, voice, and attitude, the living, vibrant, imper-
- and “the firing of the clay brought out sonation of her theme.
the colors of the porcelain, and the colors It has been pointed out that the artistic tem-
lasted.” It was merely a West of England perament must be more or less self-tormenting,
stock company, but it could boast of such a and those who desire mere personal comfort
constellation of names as Madge Robertson should never attempt to cultivate it. Despite
(Mrs. Kendal), Marie Wilton (Lady Ban her success, Ellen Terry often feels that she
croft), Henrietta Hodson (Mrs. Labouchere), has failed where enthusiastic audiences, and
Kate and Ellen Terry, George Melville, Arthur even the most captious critics, testify to the
Stirling, W. H. Vernon, Arthur Wood, and fact that she has triumphed. Yet how com-
Charles Coghlan.
mendable it is that she should feel that any
In 1867 Ellen Terry became the wife of seeming victory in human life is not a final
Mr. Charles Wardell — known to playgoers achievement, but a spur — often a cruel one
as Charles Kelly, the name he adopted when, to endless endeavor. “Success,” says George
retiring from his position as an officer in a William Curtis, " is a delusion. It is an attain-
first-class cavalry regiment, he followed his in ment -- but who attains? It is the horizon,
clinations and took to the stage. She then always bounding our path and therefore never
retired from public life for seven years, re gained. The Pope, triple-crowned, and borne
turning in 1874 and acting continually up to with flabella through St. Peter's, is not success-
the present day. It was while appearing with ful — for he might be canonized into a saint.
John Hare in “ Olivia”— the stage version of Pygmalion, before his perfect statue, is not
Oliver Goldsmith's immortal story, “ The Vicar successful — for it might live. Raphael, fin-
of Wakefield ” — that Henry Irving invited her ishing the Sistene Madonna, is not successful,-
to be his helpmate in his management of the for her beauty has revealed to him a finer and
Lyceum Theater.
As Mr. Pemberton says, an unattainable beauty.”
it is not surprising that she should say, after Aside from Ellen Terry, Mr. Pemberton has
that memorable engagement:
devoted considerable space in his book to her
“I seem to have made the acquaintance and to know three gifted sisters, Kate, Florence, and Marion,
quite intimately some noble people — Hamlet and each of whom has won a distinctive place in
Ophelia, Portia, Benedict and Beatrice, Romeo and
English theatrical history, but whose names
Juliet, Viola, the Macbeths. All this makes me rejoice
and wonder how it is that I'm not a superior person!
are unfamiliar in this country. Kate Terry's
I have dwelt with such very good company. It has
name is frequently heard associated with that
been all sunshine, with a wee cloud here and there to of Charles Fechter, and there is little doubt
give zest to life; and my lines have been laid in pleas- that she contributed largely to Fechter's early
ant places.”
Lyceum successes; she married early, and re-
Her cause was won; all England had learned tired into private life. Marion Terry is yet
that a star of the first magnitude had risen to charming English playgoers with her clever
the zenith of the dramatic heavens.
and conscientious work; she has frequently
Of late years the work of Ellen Terry has shared honors with George Alexander, Charles
become as familiar to the American public as Wyndham, Forbes Robertson, and the Ban-
to the English. The annual engagements of crofts. Of Florence Terry, who died in 1896,
Henry Irving and his co-star have been num Mr. Clement Scott said : “ She is one of the
bered among the triumphs of each theatrical very
few actresses I have known who has never
season. As Volumnia in “ Coriolanus," Cla- gone back from her gentle career of continued
rice de Malucon in “ Robespierre,” and Queen
success."
Guinevere in Comyns Carr's drama of King In writing a theatrical memoir or biography,


1902.]
419
THE DIAL
-
there is always a tendency on the part of the the dictionary, and as inchoate. We bold a
author to dip his pen in rainbows and honey ; million threads, that lead we know not whither.
but when an artist has gained so high a place It is the duty of philosophy to harmonize all
in the estimation of the public as has Ellen these elements, to show us the beauty of the
Terry, praise which at first may appear ex cosmos, and our place therein. The ultimate
travagant is warranted by the general verdict purpose of science is to make possible a true
of approval. Mr. Pemberton has wisely sup- philosophy.
plemented his own records by extracts from Furthermore, says our author, philosophy is
contemporary authors; and on the whole his not an intellectual toy, it is a means of under.
is a well-made biography, revealing quite fre- standing the problems of human life. Every
quently the writer's familiarity with the stage man has to solve those problems, one way or
and its history. The volume is adequately another; and whether he knows it or not, he
illustrated and attractively printed and bound. solves them by his philosophy. What, then,
INGRAM A. PYLE. if his philosophy is false? What is the use of
training thousands of young men and women
yearly in our universities, if they come out
without a sound and coherent philosophy ? For
CRUMBS FROM THE PSYCHOLOGIST'S all their knowledge of concrete realities, they
TABLE.*
will be as chaff blown by the wind.
Professor James Mark Baldwin has gath This, then, is what the psychologist has to
ered together, in a volume entitled "Fragments tell us; but we venture to think that his mes-
in Philosophy and Science,”a number of essays sage comes from deeper than psychological
and addresses which were “scattered during considerations.
It should be the message of
fifteen years in various journals.” The bond every scientific man who is not afraid to trust
of unity between them is the writer's individ- his mind out of his sight. Psychology is a
uality; he offers, as it were, samples of him-science, and, as such, stands in the same rela-
self. In a prefatory note he gives us his “ 'per-
tion to philosophy as all the other sciences ;
sonal signboard," — his type of philosophy - the psychologist can hardly be conceded a spe-
in a few clearly.worded sentences.
cial right-of-way into the philosophical halls.
“Science tells us what is true. . . . Philosophy then
Suppose that we are standing in an old
enters her questions : how can such truth be also good, cathedral, and looking upwards at the image
beautiful, livable - or none of these? While others of a saint in a stained-glass window. What
say other things, and many others many other things, is actually taking place ? The physicist tells us
I say — using the liberty of this preface — it is true
and good because it is beautiful. The ascription of
that rays of light, more correctly called undu-
beauty, a reasoned, criticised, thought-out ascription of lations of the ether, are passing through the
æsthetic quality, is the final form of our thought about glass and reaching our eyes.
These undula.
nature, man, the world, the All.”
tions have different wave-lengths, whereby they
We are not told, however, what constitutes are said to be red, blue, yellow, and so forth.
beauty. Perhaps we may say that beauty is The result is an image of the saint. But what
harmony realized objectively; happiness is har have rays of light to do with saints ? Nothing
mony realized subjectively. So, then, our phi- whatever, until our mind intervenes and inter-
losophy sees harmony in truth, and ultimately prets. The physiologist will now explain how
no two or more truths can conflict. From the the light, entering the eye, really goes no further
complete realization of truth would come per- than the retina, but there sets up a disturbance
fect happiness, and a perfect sense of beauty; which is communicated to the brain. But what
but these would be attributes of God.
has this disturbance to do with saints? The
Professor Baldwin pleads well and strongly psychologist will now show that the result of
for the recognition of philosophy in education, the changes transmitted along the optic nerve
and herein, perhaps, is the chief value of the is a sensation, or bundle of sensations, which
book. Specialists in the sciences have been we call vision, the vision of a picture of a
content to take a narrow view, and it is even saint. So much for the science of the phe-
held against a man that he has philosophical nomenon ; but have we yet a philosophy of it?
opinions. We have studied bricks, but have no Can it be said that all this really explains our
conception of a house. We are as learned as conscious perception of the saint's figure, and
* FRAGMENTS IN PHILOSOPHY AND SCIENCE. By James
our receipt thereby of a message from the man,
Mark Baldwin. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. long since dead, who first imagined it? Psy-


420
(June 16,
THE DIAL
AL
Some American
one.
usages as well
chology, as a science, deals objectively with the
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
phenomena of the mind, and does not itself
construct a philosophy,—though, like every
Those who have gone well into the
other science, it affords materials on which
matter that makes the subject of
master-painters.
Mr. Charles H. Caffin's book en-
philosophy must be based.
To return to the volume before us; it con-
titled " American Masters of Painting" (Double-
day) will find a striking similarity between the
sists in large measure of contributions to, or
conclusions that he has reached and their own;
discussions of, the science of psychology. The while those who have no special knowledge of this
term“ science" in the title is to be interpreted kind of art, and view it from without, will find Mr.
psychology.” The close relationship between Caffin's attitude of mind about it a very reasonable
physiology and psychology is clearly indicated, It is rather to these last the many — than
and has even given rise to the term “ Physio to the specially informed few, that the author ad-
logical Psychology.” Experiment is taking the
dresses himself; and it is the unique distinction of
place of speculation, and thus bottom is found
his book that it presents a closely analytical and
in what formerly seemed to many a fathomless
even technical study of its subject, in terms that
quicksand. Interesting accounts are given of
are quite intelligible to people who know nothing
about this kind of artistic procedure. Opinion about
the manner of the experiments, and some of the
art must be more than expert to be convincing.
results. In general, one admires the scientific The one who offers it must show that he has thought
attitude of the experimenters, and wonders at outside of the particular field of the art he is
their ingenuity. Here and there, some further writing about. This it is clear the author has done,
explanation seems desirable. On page 185 and his conclusions are those more secure ones
Professor Baldwin says: “My child H. cried which come from this kind of thinking. But it is
out when I pinched a bottle.cork in her fifth
evident also that he understands the
month, and wept bitterly, in her twenty-second
as the function of painting; and while his premises
week, at the sight of a picture of a man with
are the larger ones of the mind, the critical struc-
ture of his work will also be acceptable to special.
bowed head and feet in stocks." We must be
ized culture, and be found in harmony with the
forgiven for suggesting that the child's emotion
laws that govern picture-making. Moreover, the
was the result of a conscious or unconscious ex-
book makes delightful reading, and is as pleasant
pression on the face of the experimenter, and to the taste as it is convincing to the understanding.
could have been produced just as well without The selection of the thirteen “masters" is no more
the cork or the picture. So again, in chapter arbitrary tha
So again, in chapter arbitrary than is inevitable in the best of such dis-
XIII. are detailed experiments with large tinctions when applied to contemporary art. The
classes of students in judging between squares
painters whose genius and work are the subjects of
of different sizes, or, rather, in remembering
the thirteen brief essays - averaging thirty-five
the sizes of particular squares. It does not
hundred words each — that make up the volume
of two hundred pages, are at least quite worthy of
appear that any account is taken of the dis-
the close study that Mr. Caffin has made of them,
tance of the observer from the object, nor of and in the strictly relative sense implied by the
the tendency to make random guesses when the title may be fitly named “masters." They are in
squares shown were really of the same size. their order an order which seems on the whole
In the latter case, it will be observed, there are to give proper precedence -George Inness, John
three possible alternatives, only one of which La Farge, James A. McNeill Whistler, John Singer
is correct, and there is a probability of one of Sargent, Winslow Homer, Edwin A. Abbey, George
the others being chosen. Some indication of
Some indication of Fuller, Homer D. Martin, George De Forest Brush,
this cause of error is given on page 249.
Alexander H. Wyant, Dwight W. Tryon, Horatio
Walker, and Gilbert Stuart. Without any dis-
It seems a little late in the day to republish
guise of technical verbiage, but in words that un-
an essay on “ Contemporary Philosophy in
cover his meaning to those unversed in art's special
France written in 1887, and an account of
the condition of psychology at the time of the of the alt of these men: "Avoiding the generalities
Chicago Exposition of 1893. The average that are the refuge of vague thought, and that,
reader of the book is not likely to be able to while applicable, fail to distinguish the individual
mentally compare the conditions portrayed genius, he gives to each of the thirteen who are
with those now extant; and so will lose their
the subjects of his “appreciations” his own proper
historical interest, while unsatisfied by such place, marking his particular gift in such a way that
it cannot be confused with
belated accounts of the subjects discussed.
other.
any
Those who
look upon a painting as a piece of handicraft, a
T. D. A. COCKERELL. more or less deft application of pigment to a flat


1902.)
421
THE DIAL
surface, rather than as an index to an intelligence, of it, and a discussion of its origin. In the some.
will probably find the work too subjective in its what elaborate treatment of this last theme, the
analysis ; whilo those who read a picture less in its author decides that the historical study of religions
own terms than in those of the mind that is in it cannot prove that there was a primitive revelation.
will find the volume illuminating. From this point He also shows that neither the “animistic” theory
of view, it seems as interpretative of what is best in of Prof. E. B. Tylor, nor the "ghost” theory of
American painting as a work of sach limited scope Mr. Herbert Spencer, provides ample explanation
can be.
of the origin of religion. The mere personification
Mr. Francis Watt is evidently not
of nature, too, seems to him to lack a certain spir-
Three
men of
of Froude's opinion as to the un-
itual element which appears to be essential to the
wrath.
wisdom of whitewashing the villains
rise of a genuine religious feeling in man. Briefly,
of tradition. In “The Terrors of the Law” (Lane)
his position is that “the origin of religion, so far
be seeks to show the human and more amiable side
as historical study can solve the problem, is to be
of Bloody Jeffreys, the Bluidy Advocate Mackenzie, sought in the bringing into play of man's power to
and Lord Braxfield, the original of Stevenson's
obtain a perception of the Infinite through the im-
Weir of Hermiston. The point of view is announced
pression which the multitudinous phenomena of the
as not legal, but “human or literary.” Law, how-
universe as a whole make upon him” (p. 196).
ever, has ever been accounted a jealous mistress,
This last statement involves man's power of study-
and broad interests or wide culture would seem to
ing and explaining the phenomena about him, and
retard rather than promote the advancement of the
hence of several departments of modern thought.
ambitious jurist. Hence the dearth of material for
Consequently the second division of the volume
popular sketches of these famous, or rather infa-
deals with religion in its relation to ethics, to phi-
mous, judges. Jeffreys - who has already been losophy, to mythology, to psychology, to history,
whitewashed with no lack of zeal and some degree
and to culture in general, — and to these in the
of success by Mr. H. B. Irving — makes a better
newest phases of their development. The last
showing than Mackenzie ; but the tang of Brax-
division of the book takes up practical aspects of
field's rough Scotch humor renders him the most
the question. The general attitude of the student
piquantly interesting of the three. The author must be sympathetic; he must enter into the life of
tries to view each of his characters from the stand.
the peoples who profess belief in such and such re-
point of a contemporary, and so to temper the ligion, if he is to be most proficient in explaining
judgment of a more refined and enlightened age.
its phenomena. He must also be able to study the
His defense of Jeffreys furnishes little that is new
sources, whether in literature or in the life of any
to a reader of Irving's book; but it should be here
people, as only thereby will he be able to speak
added that Mr. Watt, and not Mr. Irving, is the
authoritatively and to estimate values properly.
pioneer in this field, the former having first pub-
The work is provided with an excellent biblio-
Jished his article in “ The New Review" two
graphy of the various phases of the theme, and an
years
before the latter's work appeared. The sketch of
ample index.
Braxfield is, the author believes, the fullest account
Since the first volume of his « Prin-
of the man yet published. It also first saw the
The completion of
a great work in
ciples of Political Economy" (Mac-
light in “ The New Review.” The paper on political economy. millan) came out eight years ago,
Mackenzie appeared originally in "The Anglo- Prof. J. Shield Nicholson has not been idle, as his
Saxon Review." These matters of fact are set
third and final volume, recently given to the public,
forth in the preface. Kneller's portraits of Jeff-
witnesses. The first volume dealt with Production
reys and Mackenzie, and Raeburn's likeness of
and Distribution ; the second with Exchange. This
Braxfield, are reproduced, but necessarily on too
last volume treats of Economic Progress and the
small a scale for the best effect. The delicacy and E
Economic Functions of Government. Economic
beauty of Jeffreys's features, as limned by Kneller,
students are to be congratulated on the completion
will never cease to surprise. Possibly this artist
of this scholarly and practical work. The volume
was too much of “an utterer of smooth things in under discussion follows the usual method of Pro-
paint.”
fessor Nicholson, whose treatment is that of a pro-
The last quarter-century has given gressive conservative, and who blends admirably
Methods of
the study of religion as a science a the methods of his masters, Smith and Mill. The
studying religion.
recognized place in the curricula of analysis of Progress, in its relation to Population,
several great universities. “The Study of Religion” | Money, Prices, Rent, Profits, and Wages, is very
(Scribner), by Professor Morris Jastrow, Jr., is a good; although Production, Distribution, and Ex-
laudable attempt to unfold a method of procedure. change fill the field too completely, to the exclusion
In order to take up his subject in the right way, he of Consumption. This latter gets due recognition,
first gives a brief history of the study itself. This however, under the discussion of the Functions of
presents and emphasizes the historical methods as Government, especially in the masterly balancing
of first importance. We have next the classifica of forces between Individualism and Governmental
tion of religions, the definitions and the character Interference. The author's conservatism is more


422
[June 16,
THE DIAL
last work.
suspicious of the latter than of the former; and the suit of his favorite science has led him far beneath
same attitude of mind appears in the chapter on the surface of the earth and over a wide expanse of
Free Trade and Protection. The presentation of the North Atlantic Ocean. He finds it to include
Taxation, Public Expenditure and Public Credit is astronomical or mathematical geography, and a
helpfully up to date. One of the most interesting knowledge of the processes by which the world came
chapters is that on Colonies and Dependencies, into being; and he recognizes its relation to geol-
where the doctrine of Imperial Federation is pre ogy, and that it is divisible into the several depart-
sented in the light of the Boer war, and we are ments of racial, historical, strategetic and economic
told as a final word that “instead of seeking to geography. The British Isles comprise the small-
tighten ties, the ideal should be to enlarge the sym est of the twelve natural divisions selected for this
pathies.” This book must be the standard work in scientific treatment, but their physical features are
English for some years to come.
80 thoroughly known that they furnish an admir-
able subject for a leader in this proposed series of
A reprint
Few pieces of autobiographical writ- geographical syntheses. The volume sets a stand-
of Fielding's ing in English literature have quite
ard which the authors of the subsequent volumes
the charm and pathetic interest that will find it difficult to maintain ; but if the other
attaches to Fielding's posthumous “ Journal of a volumes are anything like this in breadth of treat-
Voyage to Lisbon.” Written in the last year of ment, the value of the series as contributions to our
the novelist's life, during a period of the most knowledge of the world will be beyond estimation.
intense physical suffering, this record of a vain
Maps in color and in black-and-white, and notes
pilgrimage in search of health yet exhibits Fielding and indexes, are so generously supplied that they
perhaps at his best as far as writing goes, and is more than illustrate the subject — they illuminate it.
animated by a spirit of humor and courage as un-
failing as that which moves in the pages of “ Tom
In translating Professor Friedrich
Jones or “Joseph Andrews.” “One of the most Life and doctrines Paulsen's “ Life and Doctrines of
of Immanuel Kant.
unfeigned and touching little tracts in our own
Immanuel Kant” (Scribner), Messrs.
or any other literature,” Mr. Austin Dobson has | Creighton and Lefevre, of Cornell University, have
rightly characterized the Journal. To have this done an invaluable service to English students of
work in the beautiful setting just given it by the great German metapbysician. The book aims
Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. at the Riverside to set forth the central doctrines of the Kantian
Press is a piece of good fortune for which book system, laying especial stress upon the often neg-
lovers should be duly grateful. The volume is lected constructive side of the philosophy, upon its
an octavo of something over two hundred pages, positive and idealistic elements and its lofty moral
printed upon Dickinson handmade paper from a concepts. The short but significant introduction
new font of type of uncommon attractiveness. deals with Kant's position, first in the history of
The typographical treatment of the text is severely philosophical thought, and next in the thought of
simple, and with the exception of a photogravure his own time. A brief account of his life and
reproduction of Hogarth’s portrait (the only au mental development follows; and finally an expo-
thentic likeness of Fielding in existence) there is sition of his system, which occupies three-fourths of
a total absence of extraneous embellishment or the book. Intended especially for the student who
decoration in the book. Its distinction rests en is attempting a systematic mastery of the Critiques,
tirely upon a basis of sound taste and correct this section is still not beyond the depth of the gen-
workmanship, a combination which must always eral er, while its abundant divisions and head.
achieve the best results. This tasteful reprint of ings make it particularly useful for consultation
Fielding's last work is issued in a limited edition upon some one doctrine or some small division of
of three hundred copies, all of which, we understand, Kant's work. The author's appreciation of Kant's
were taken up in advance of publication.
great contribution to modern thought does not blind
him to idiosyncrasies of form or inconsistencies of
The present tendency of scientific content. So his book is of value both as an expo-
Geography of
investigation is not so much in the
the British Isles.
sition of Kant's work and as an authoritative opinion
direction of specializing as in treat of it based upon the results of recent Kantian
ing the various departments of science synthetically studies in Germany.
This is admirably illustrated by H. J. Mackinder's
“ Britain and the British Seas” (Appleton), the
Mr. Thomas E. Watson's life of
initial volume of a series under Mr. Mackinder's
An American
Napoleon (Macmillan), which suc-
life of Napoleon.
editorship and intended to present descriptive es-
ceeds his “Story of France" and is
says of twelve great natural regions of the earth. uniform with it in style and size of volume, will be
Mr. Mackinder is a geographer, and “ Reader in no disappointment to the admirers of the earlier
Geography in the University of Oxford.” But with effort. The author has emphatically disclaimed
him, geography is far more than what the school recourse to new material, or the attempt to put new
boys of half a century were taught, — " a descrip- facts before the public. His life of Napoleon is
tion of the earth's surface.” Mr. Mackinder's pur based wholly on many well-known, easily accessible,
LI


1902.]
423
THE DIAL
.
about a year.
but sometimes notoriously unauthoritative sources. duction of the well-known portrait of Whistler by
Mr. Watson's powers of discrimination have not Mendelssohn. The numerous Whistler controver-
been expended in eliminating the false and untrust sies are here barely alluded to. With the pen as
worthy, but rather in culling out the dull and occa well as with the brush, Mr. Whistler bas been one
sionally the damning facts of his hero's career. of the great forces in contemporary art, and this
For Napoleon is the hero, and the attitude of the book is welcome for its presentation of his peculiar
author is that of the champion and defender against and abiding influence.
the taken-for-granted malignancy of his reader.
Mr. Watson, however, is never more wholly himself,
never more successful, than when in arms for a
favorite theory or character; 80 we have him at
BRIEFER MENTION.
his best. The story of the life of Napoleon is ex-
ceedingly well told in the always attractive style of
The English-Spanish section of the revised Velásquez
the author, whose forcible personality is constantly
Dictionary has just been published by the Messrs. Ap-
in evidence. There is endless interesting gossip, pleton, following the other section after an interval of
The editors are Messrs. Edward Gray
bright characterization, eloquent denunciation or
and Juan L. Iribas. We open it at random, and come
vindication, as the case demands. For the general | upon such definitions as “copper, va. en el juege de
reader we have, then, an uncommonly attractive life foraón, etc.” and “dude, s. petimetre,” from which
of Napoleon, even if the author has failed to give examples the thoroughness of the work may be judged.
us history for the historian.
This is undoubtedly the best dictionary of Spanish and
English now in existence.
No branch of anatomical investiga-
“ The International Year Book " for 1901, the fourth
Methods for the
study of the tion has made more rapid advances
annual issue of this useful work of reference, has just
nervous system.
in recent years than the study of the
been published by Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co. It is
edited, as before, by Mr. Frank Moore Colby, with the
nervous system. This rapid growth in the science
collaboration of Professor H. T. Peck and Mr. E. L.
of neurology has been almost wholly conditioned
Engle. The plan remains substantially unchanged,
by the discovery of new methods of research which
although certain classes of statistical matter relating to
have opened new fields for exploration and corrected the States have been made into special articles, instead
the misconceptions of the past. The nervous sys of being scattered in forty-five places. A great deal
tem is one of the most complicated in the vertebrate of census material, as well as of legislative enactment,
body, and a knowledge of its architecture is of great has been made use of in this volume. There are a
importance not only to physicians but also to anat-
dozen maps, and thirty or forty other plates. The in-
omists, zoologists, physiologists, and psychologists.
dex, which is cumulative, becomes more and more
valuable with every year.
All of these classes will welcome Mr. Hardesty's
little manual of methods, “Neurological Technique"
“ The “Warwick Library" is a series that has for
some time numbered six volumes, and to these a seventh
(Chicago University Press). This is the outgrowth
has just been added, the work of Professor C. H. Her-
of experience in the neurological laboratory of the
ford, the editor of the series. Each volume of this
University of Chicago, and is designed to meet the
library, it will be remembered, deals with one literary
needs of all who would attempt the study of the form in English literature, which is illustrated by a
gross or finer structure of the nervous system by number of examples, prefaced by an elaborate intro-
modern methods. To obviate the confusion which ductory essay.
“English Tales in Verse” is the sub-
has arisen in anatomical literature from the use of ject of the new volume, which is imported by the Messrs.
various names for the same structure, the author
Scribner. The authors represented are Chaucer, Shake-
has adopted the nomenclature recommended by the
speare, Dryden, Crabbe, Wordsworth, Keats, and Mor-
Basel Commission of Anatomists, and gives a full
ris, there being sixteen tales in all, five of them Chau-
cerian. As might be expected by those who are
list of the terms applicable to the nervous system familiar with the editor's writing, the introductory essay
and sense organs.
is a fine example of readable and discriminating literary
criticism.
In the volume entitled “ James Mc-
The life and
The second volume of “ Main Currents in Nineteenth
art-work of Neill Whistler, the Man and his
Century Literature" (Macmillan), by Dr. Georg Bran-
Mr. Whistler.
Work” (Mansfield), Mr. W. G.
des, has just appeared in the English version. This
Bowdoin presents a brief and well-written sketch of volume has for its special subject “The Romantic
the principal facts of the painter's life, a collection Schod Germany," and was irst published in 1873.
of characteristic anecdotes, and a list of Whistler Being based upon fundamental principles of criticism,
prints in the Avery Collection at the Lenox Library. instead of reflecting temporary fashions, it is practically
But it is refined harmony of page, binding, and
as valuable to-day as it was thirty years ago. The
movement described is that in which Tieck and the
illustration of the book that first catches the eye,
and makes the most lasting impression. Mounted
Schlegels,“ Jean Paul" and "Novalis," Schleiermacher
and Schelling, are the representative figures. The
on heavy dark-brown paper and bound in at the
treatment of “ Novalis,” in particular, is one of the
end of the book are half-tone reproductions of some
most penetrating pieces of criticism ever penned. The
of Mr. Whistler's most interesting pictures ; and subject of the volume next to follow is “ The Reaction
similarly mounted as a frontispiece is a repro in France."


424
[June 16,
THE DIAL
Love" from " Richard Feverel.” Brown ink and brown
NOTES.
board covers give a touch of individuality to this
“ The Sonnets of Shakespeare " is the newest volume
pretty book.
in “ The Lover's Library,” published by Mr. John Lane.
“ A Spanish Grammar with Exercises,” by Professor
“L'Idole," by M. Henri Michaud, is a one-act com-
M. Montrose Ramsey, although a thick book, is essen-
edy for girls' schools, published by Mr. W. R. Jenkins. tially elementary and designed to meet the needs of
· The Story of China,” by Mr. R. Van Bergen, is
beginners. It is a revision, at once simplified and ex-
panded, of the author's earlier "Text-Book of Modern
a reading-book for young people, published by the
Spanish.”
American Book Co.
« The Government: What It Is, What It Does," by
“ The Book of Vegetables," by Mr. George Wythes,
Mr. Salter Storrs Clark, is an elementary school text-
is the latest addition to the “ Handbooks of Practical
book published by the American Book Co. It is a
Gardening,” published by Mr. John Lane.
book that covers a good deal of ground in a simple
A new volume of essays by Bishop Spalding will be
way, and has several features not common in texts of
issued at once by Messrs. A. C. McClurg & Co., under
this sort.
the title “ Religion, Agnosticism, and Education."
“ Essentials of Chemistry for Secondary Schools,” by
Professor William E. Waters has edited for college
Messrs. John C. Hessler and Albert L. Smith, is a text-
use the “Cena Trimalchionis” of Petronius, and the
book just published by Messrs. B. H. Sanborn & Co.
text, provided with the customary apparatus, is pub- The book combines description with laboratory guidance
lished by Messrs. B. H. Sanboru & Co.
in a very practical way. With the exception of a brief
“ In the Days of Giants," by Miss Abbie Farwell
chapter on the compounds of carbon, the subject of the
Brown, is an illustrated book of Norge tales told in
book is inorganic chemistry.
simple language for the delight of children. It is pub-
lished by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
The “Summer Classes for the Study of English,"
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
arranged and directed by Mrs. H. A. Davidson, wi
this year be located at Delaware Academy, Delhi, New [The following list, containing 75 titles, includes books
York. The term begins July 15 and closes August 20.
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. are the publishers
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
of “Our Country's Story,” by Miss Eva March Tappan.
The Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox, 1745–1826.
The book is an elementary bistory of the United States,
Edited by the Countess of Ilchester and Lord Stavordale.
told for young students, and plentifully furnished with New edition in 1 volume ; illus. in photogravure, etc.,
pictures.
large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 634. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $4. net.
“ The Story of Animal Life,” by Mr. B. Lindsay, is
The Mystery of William Shakespeare: A Summary of
published by the Messrs. Appleton in their “Library of Evidence. By His Honour Judge Webb. Large 8vo, gilt
Useful Stories.” It is a popular statement of system top, uncut, pp. 302. Longmans, Green, & Co. $4.
atic zoology, prepared for general reading rather than The True Napoleon: A Cyclopedia of Events in his Life.
for school use.
By Charles Josselyn. Illus. in color, photogravure, etc.,
8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 437. R. H. Russell. $3.50 net.
The “Dramatic and Early Poems” of Matthew Ar-
Reminiscences of a Dramatic Critic. With an Essay on
nold, edited by Mr. H. Buxton Forman, and Carlyle's the Art of Henry Irving. By Henry Austin Clapp. With
“ Past and Present,” edited by Mr. Oliphant Smeaton,
photogravure portraits, 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 241.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.75 net.
are two welcome volumes in the Dent-Macmillan series
Peter Vischer. By Cecil Headlam, B.A. Illus., 12mo, gilt
of “Temple Classics."
top, uncut, pp. 144. · Great Craftsmen." Macmillan
The “Elements of Physics" just published by
Co. $2.
Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co. is the work of Messrs.
The Life of John William Walshe, F.S.a. Edited, with
Amos T. Fisher and Melvin J. Patterson. It is a very
an Introduction, by Montgomery Carmichael. With pho-
togravure frontispiece, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 266.
elementary book, suited for grammar schools rather E. P. Dutton & Co. $2. net.
than for those of higher grade.
Reminiscences of Gov. R. J. Walker. With the True
Mr. Buel P. Colton's " Elementary Physiology and
Story of the Rescue of Kansas from Slavery. By Geo. W.
Brown, M.D. With portraits, 16mo, pp. 204. Rockford,
Hygiene," published by Messrs. D. Č. Heath & Co., is
Illinois: Published by the Author. $i.
a text-book for young students, vitiated, as most such Naval Heroes of Holland. By J. A. Mets. Illus., 12mo,
books are, by a distorted and unscientific treatment of pp. 248. Abbey Press. $1.50.
the effects of alcohol and tobacco.
HISTORY.
Messrs. Fords, Howard, & Hulbert have just issued The Growth and Decline of the French Monarchy. By
a new edition of Mr. Albion W. Tourgee's popular James Mackinnon, Ph.D. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 840.
novel “ A Fool's Errand," which had a great vogue
Longmans, Green, & Co. $7.50 net.
twenty years ago, and remains one of the most enter-
Lee at Appomattox, and Other Papers. By Charles Francis
Adams. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 387. Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
taining stories of the Reconstruction period.
$1.50 net.
Mr. William S. Lord, Evanston, publishes an attrac Social England: A Record of the Progress of the People.
tive volume of “Love-Story Masterpieces," chosen by
Edited by H. D. Traill, D.C.L., and J. S. Mann, M.A.
King Edward” edition ; Volume II., illus. in color, etc.,
Mr. Ralph A. Lyon. The stories are four in number,
4to, gilt top, pp. 800. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $4.50 net.
Stevenson's “The Sire de Malétroit's door being the The Early History of Venice, from the Foundation to the
only one of the four to have an independent existence. Conquest of Constantinople, A. D. 1204. By F. C. Hodg-
The other three are extracts from books, “ The Auto-
son, M A. With map and plan, 12mo, gilt top, uncut,
crat and the Schoolmistress,” by Dr. Holmes, “A
pp. 473. E. P. Dutton & Co. $3. net.
The Story of Cairo. By Stanley Lane-Poole, Litt.D.
• Dream-Life' Love-Story," by Mr. Donald G. Mit Illas., 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 340. “Mediæval Towns."
chell, and Mr. Meredith's immortal “ Idyl of First Macmillan Co. $2.


1902.]
425
THE DIAL
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--
The Spenders: A Tale of the Third Generation. By Harry
Leon Wilson, Illus., 12mo. gilt top, pp. 512. Lothrop
Publishing Co. $1.50.
The Courage of Conviction. By T. R. Sullivan. 12mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 257. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
Hearts Courageous. By Hallie Erminie Rives. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 407. Bowen-Merrill Co. $1.50.
The Suitors of Yvonne: Being a Portion of the Memoirs
of the Sieur Gaston de Luynes. By Rafael Sabatini.
12mo, pp. 348. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.20 net.
Amor Victor: A Novel of Ephesus and Rome, 95-105 A. D.
By Orr Kenyon. Illus., 12mo, pp. 424. F. A. Stokes Co.
$1.50.
My Japanese Wife: A Japanese Idyl. By Clive Holland.
New edition; with frontispiece in color, 12mo, gilt top,
pp. 217. F. A. Stokes Co. $1.50.
A Remedy for Love. By Ellen Olney Kirk. 12mo, pp. 227.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
Unto the End. By “Pansy" (Mrs. G. R. Alden). Illus.,
12mo, pp. 365. Lothrop Publishing Co. $1.50.
Strangers at the Gate: Tales of Russian Jewry. By Samuel
Gordon. 12mo, pp. 458. Philadelphia : Jewish Publica-
tion Society.
A Blighted Rose. By Joseph F. Wynne. 12mo, gilt top,
pp. 4:25. Detroit: Angelus Publishing Co.
A Welsh Witch. By Allen Raine. 12mo, pp. 405. D. Ap-
pleton & Co. Paper, 50 cts.
The Way of the West. By General Charles King. With
frontispiece, 16mo, pp. 176. Rand, McNally & Co. 50 cts.
The Iron Hand. By Howard Dean. 12mo, pp. 214. Abbey
Press.
Uncle Jed's Country Letters. By Hilda Brenton. Illus.,
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The Boer Fight for Freedom. By Michael Davitt. Illus.,
8vo, pp. 603. Funk & Wagnalls Co. $2. net.
The Story of Westminster Abbey: Being Some Account
of that Ancient Foundation, Its Builders and Those Who
Sleep Therein. By Violet Brooke-Hunt. Illus., 12mo,
gilt top, pp. 356. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2.
New York in the Revolution as Colony and State. Sup-
plement. Compiled by Erastus C. Knight; edited by
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GENERAL LITERATURE.
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D. Appleton & Co. $1.20 net.
An Onlooker's Note-Book. By the author of “Collections
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& Brothers. $2 25 net.
A Foreign View of England in the Reigns of George I, and
George II.: The Letters of Monsieur César de Saussure to
his Fanily. Trans. and edited by Madame Van Muyden.
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E, P. Dutton & Co. 83, net.
The Path to Rome. By H. Belloc. Illus., 8vo, gilt top,
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Home Thoughts. By “C” (Mrs. James Farley Cox).
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'Tween You an' I: Some Little Problems of Life. By Max
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NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
The Poems of Schiller. Trans. into English by E. P.
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Holt & Co. $1.60 net.
The Prometheus Bound of Æschylus. Rendered into
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pp. 90. London: David Nutt.
The Temple Bible. Now volumes : Numbers, edited by
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rinthians, Galatians, and Thessalonians, edited by Vernon
Bartlet, M.A. Each with photogravure frontispiece,
24mo, gilt top. J. B. Lippincott Co. Per vol., leather,
60 cts. net.
Past and Present. By Thomas Carlyle. With photogra-
vure frontispiece, 24mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 400. "Temple
Classics.” Macmillan Co. 50 cts.
A Fool's Errand. By One of the Fools. New edition ;
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Hulbert. $1.50.
Love-Story Masterpieces. Chosen by Ralph A. Lyon.
12mo, uncut, pp. 174. Evanston: William S. Lord. $1. net.
BOOKS OF VERSE.
The Hermitage, and Random Verses. By Dayton Ervin.
18mo, pp. 56. Grafton Press.
Armageddon. By Valentine Brown. 16mo, pp. 151. Port-
land: Published by the Author.
FICTION
Bylow Hill. By George W. Cable. Illus. in color, 12mo,
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My Captive. By J. A. Altsheler. 12mo, pp. 281. D. Ap-
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The Desert and the Sown. By Mary Hallock Foote.
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A Pasteboard Crown: A Story of the New York Stage.
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In the Eagle's Talon: A Romance of the Louisiana Pur-
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The Hinderers: A Story of the Present Time. By Edna
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The Late Returning. By Margery Williams. 16mo, gilt
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Brinton Ellot. From Yale to Yorktown. By James Eugene
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Not on the Chart: A Romance of the Pacific. By Charles
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A Girl of Virginia. By Lucy M. Thruston, Illus., 12mo,
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RELIGION
The Philosophy of the Christian Religion. By Andrew
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The Religious Life and Influence of Queen Victoria.
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Progression to Immortality. By Henry S. Brooks. 12mo,
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Among the Waterfowl: Observation, Adventure, Pho-
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Judith's Garden. By Mary E. Stone Bassett. Illus, in
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REFERENCE.
A New Pronouncing Dictionary of the Spanish and Eng-
lish Languages. By Mariano Velázquez de la Cadena.
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Gray, A.B., and Juan L. Iribas, A.B. Second Part,
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Five Little Peppers Abroad. By Margaret Sidney. Illus.,
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Some Merry Adventures of Robin Hood. Written and
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Don Quixote de la Mancha. Edited by Mary E. Burt and
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The Story of China. By R. Van Bergen, M.A. Illus.,
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Little Stories for Little People. By Annie Willis McCul-
lough. Illus., 12mo, pp. 128. American Book Co. 25 cts.
Jackanapes, and The Brownies. By Juliana Horatio Ewing.
12mo, pp. 90. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Paper, 15 cts.


426
(June 16,
THE DIAL
MISCELLANEOUS.
Scottish Philosophy in Its National Development. By
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