e lecture opened, the and this was what the young man most desired. students, to the number of sixty, appeared in We are told that the hall dressed in an extravagant burlesque of “Oscar Wilde has been heard to explain that the rea the “ æsthete's” costume, each bearing a lily in son why he assumed that costume which it pleased his buttonhole and a huge sunflower in his hand, him to describe as the “æsthetic costume' was merely and paraded solemnly to the front seats that to attract attention to his personality. For months he had tried in vain to find a publisher for his collected had been reserved for them in the crowded hall. poems, and having failed to do so because he was an The effect was of course ludicrous, but the joke unknown man, he determined to make himself known, lost something of its point when the lecturer ap- and hit upon the device of appearing in public in an peared clad in conventional evening clothes, and extraordinary dress. He adopted as the “æsthetic cos- tume' a velvet coat, knee-breeches, a loose shirt with a proceeded with his lecture in apparent uncon- turn-down collar, and a floating tie of some unusual sciousness of the prank that had been attempted shade; and he not unfrequently appeared in public carry- by the fun-loving students. From Boston, ing in his hand a lily or a sunflower, which he used to con Wilde made a long jump to Omaha, where he template with expressions of the greatest admiration.” lectured on Decorative Art,” startling his Whether or not as a result of this masquerading, audience by denouncing American furniture as Wilde did succeed in finding a publisher for his "not honestly made, and out of character." poems, which appeared in a volume “ issued in His visits to Denver and Louisville are briefly the best style” in London in 1881. With all noted, but it is surprising to find no mention their faults, the marks of youth and immaturity, at all of his trip to California, although this the poems showed unmistakable signs of origi- afforded some of the most interesting of his nality and strength; it is seldom indeed that so American experiences, and a memorable evening much of merit is seen in a volume of poems by of “high jinks” given him by the Bohemian so young a man. The book was received with Club in San Francisco is even yet spoken of as a curious mixture of jeers and praise by the among the more notable entertainments in the reviewers, but was “ commercially a great suc history of that famous club. Returning from cess,” and this “ pleased Wilde very much,” California, California, — bringing with him the character- as he appears now to have been in very strait- ization, which he used with considerable itera- ened financial circumstances, which contrasted tion, “ California is beautiful, it is Italy without strangely with his early habits of reckless indul- her art," Wilde stopped in Chicago, in the gence. The volume was promptly reprinted in spring of 1882. Of his stay here, one inter- America, where it had rather more of a literary esting incident, relating to a since famous but success than in England ; and this fact, and then obscure artist — the sculptor Donoghue - the hope of making money by lecturing, seem must be quoted from Mr. Sherard's narrative. to have led Wilde to plan a trip to America, On his arrival in Chicago, he received a letter at where he arrived late in the year 1881. He his hotel from a young Irish sculptor who told him of came here with a fairly good reputation as a the misery in which he was living, and begged him to poet, and a rather vague one as “ the apostle of come to the garret which was his studio and look at his work. Wilde set out directly for the address given, and æstheticism ” which Wilde himself probably did after a hazardous excursion into the slums of Chicago not take too seriously, his statement being that found John Donoghue's abode. He stayed with him a he came to expound - a philososophy of art," long time, he praised his work, he comforted him, he and that “ æstheticism was to be taken as a told him the great consolation of l’Art pour l'Art, and he did not leave him without commissioning him to do “study of truth in art.” His first experience a piece of work. The next evening, John Donoghue, was in Chickering Hall, New York, where he sitting in the audience in the crowded lecture hall, sud- lectured on “ The Renaissance.” Again he was denly heard Oscar Wilde, in the course of his lecture, successful “ from a commercial point of view," reproach the fashionable men and women who were as his biographer tells us; and his success led to listening to his words with the fact that a young sculp- tor of undoubted genius who was living in their midst an arrangement with the well-known manager was being allowed to die of hunger and neglect. He and celebrity-hunter, Major Pond, for a series went on to describe his visit to Donoghue's studio; he 1906.] 159 THE DIAL spoke of the beautiful things he had seen there, of the THE EVOLUTION OF OUR NATIONALITY.* beautiful things this young man could do, of the honor he could bring to the city of Chicago if only people Making a virtue of necessity, the earlier vol- would encourage his efforts. The consequence was that umes of “ The American Nation” series very suc- the next day John Donoghue was everywhere discussed in Chicago; people flocked to his studio; commissions cessfully covered in short compass long periods poured in. John Donoghue's artistic career was assured. of time: for the whole narrative history of the He came to Europe, he studied, he prospered.” colonies, from the fifteenth to the eighteenth Another case in which Wilde endeavored to century, is contained in only six volumes. It help a deserving friend had a less happy ter is with joy that we now find, in what may be mination, though one not unusual, perhaps, in called the second quarter of this coöperative similar attempts to assist struggling but some- series, that to the same number of volumes is times peevish children of genius. The reference allotted the history of only those two genera- in this case we take to be to the English poet tions which extended from the Peace of Paris Rennell Rodd. Wilde made great efforts to find in 1763 to the close of the War of 1812. In an American publisher for this young man's this way, each writer is allowed far greater poems, and at last succeeded, he himself writing opportunity for the elaboration of his subject, a preface for the book. But when it appeared, it and those are pleased who regret to see anything represented such astonishing ideas of “æsthetic overworked even a good book. decoration " in its make-up that the author felt There are certain general principles which one himself aggrieved, and, holding Wilde respon- should always bear in mind when one wishes to sible, wrote him a bitter letter putting an end understand and appreciate any work upon the to their friendship. Revolutionary epoch. The course of events Wilde's visit to Walt Whitman is interest- indeed proved that separation from the mother ingly described. country must be a condition precedent for the establishment of a national government. But “Wilde was distressed by the poverty of Walt Whit- man's appearance, his shabby attire, and especially by for many years, in all the English colonies, there the untidiness and squalor of the one room in which the had been developing those habits of self-govern- American poet lived. The place was littered with great ment and those principles of political action heaps of newspapers, strewn all over the room, and without which independence would have been over them was so thick a coat of dust that it was im- vain and the document of 1787 a lifeless paper. possible for the visitor to find a clean spot where he could sit down. Walt Whitman, primeval, natural, At that time, moreover, the necessity of inde- aboriginal, would feel little sympathy for the dandified pendence was by no means obvious. When we Hellene." recall that in the early years all the colonists, Wilde's lecture-trip extended to the largest and to the very end a large and respectable cities of Canada and Nova Scotia, from whence minority of them, professed their belief that he returned to New York with a “substantial colonial life might still find ample expression sum of money” as the result of his year's work within the British Empire, we are always eager in America. He soon went back to London, for any new light which may explain how words and not long after went to Paris, where consid- of loyalty changed into deeds of war. Finally, erable portions of his future life were passed, the degree to which the tendency towards unity, and where he died in poverty and obscurity, at but little effective in the seventeenth century, the age of forty-six. Mr. Sherard's account of had developed before 1787, and the relative this strange and broken life is full and inter-weight of it as contrasted with the provincial or esting, although it suffers from the extravagant state feeling, were matters of dispute, and the tone of eulogy and admiration which colors it discussion has yielded ground only through throughout. It is to be taken, as we said at absorption into the larger question of State as the outset, as a defense and an apology; and against National sovereignty. taken thus, it well repays perusal. The volume The first of these points — the growth of the is admirably printed, and is supplied with a colonies into self-government has been de- good index ; while the bibliography, showing a * THE AMERICAN NATION. A History. From original sources surprising number of titles in prose and verse, by associated scholars. Edited by Albert Bushnell Hart, LL.D., with translations into French, German, Italian, Vol. VIII., The Preliminaries of the Revolution, by G. E. Howard. Vol. IX., The American Revolution, by Claude Spanish, Russian, Swedish, and Polish, gives a Halstead Van Tyne. Vol. X., The Confederation and the Con- stitution, by Andrew C. McLaughlin. Vol. XI., The Federalist new sense of the brilliancy of Wilde's talents System, by John Spencer Bassett. Vol. XII., The Jeffersonian as a writer, mingled with regret and pity for his System, by Edward Channing. Vol. XIII., The Rise of American Nationality, by Kendric Charles Babcock. Illustrated. New downfall as a man. York: Harper & Brothers. Ph.D. 160 [Sept. 16, THE DIAL veloped in the earlier volumes of this series. Committees of Correspondence, and the coercive With “ The Preliminaries of the Revolution," legislation of 1773–74. With chapters upon the solution of the second and third problems the meeting of the first Continental Congress, is taken up by Professor G. E. Howard. Pro- the appeal to arms, and the loyalist side of the fessor Howard reviews first the educative and argument, this volume comes to a close. The unifying effects of the French war, refers to the main causes of the Revolution, in the author's prophecies of independence made by foreign mind, were economic and political, working statesmen or by travellers in America, and then throughout a long period of time; but he stresses treats in considerable detail the topic about also the too much neglected side of social change. which there has been most disagreement among 6. The conditions were favorable to the rise of a writers, that is, the influence as a cause of the more united and a freer society in America ; but Revolution of England's commercial policy to this was hindered by the inertia of a colonial sys- ward the colonies. The course of two centuries tem which the American people had outgrown.” had developed a large body of laws, which were Hardly any book in the series is more attrac- designed to regulate the economic activities of tively written than "The American Revolution," all parts of the empire. Allowing full weight by Professor C. H. Van Tyne, which covers to the argument that England's course was more especially the years 1776-1783. To recount enlightened and her code less severe than those merely the campaigns of the Revolution demands of other nations, Professor Howard nevertheless either large space or very careful condensation ; holds the view that “the primary cause of the and the author has chosen and successfully exe- American Revolution must be sought in the cuted the latter plan, reinforcing his text with character of the old colonial system.” The maps and charts of peculiar excellence. By author is thus led to a review of the commercial thus carefully compressing the story of battles legislation of England, which, if it involves a and marches, Professor Van Tyne gains space repetition, in part, of matter found in previous for touches of personal description, as in the volumes, justifies this by the clearness of the simple and impressive sketches of Washington treatment. As one might expect in such a work, and Jefferson, - and for summaries of arguments the discussion is largely external. The history like that which he gives of Paine's “ Common of the system as it actually worked is still to be Sense.” For his treatment of the loyalist posi- quarried from the manuscript archives of the tion, Professor Van Tyne is able to draw on the colonies and from the materials in the British results of his own special researches in that Public Record Office; and these two classes of field. The intensity of party strife is much sources seem to have been little used by Pro-emphasized, as is also the importance of the fessor Howard. diplomatic activities of the Congress. One Worthy of special notice is Professor How topic, it seems to us, is handled somewhat less ard's handling of the law of 1764, known as the skilfully. In neither this nor the succeeding Sugar Act."; This statute, which Mr. Fiske volume do we find a worthy explanation of the (for example) entirely neglected, links the parlia- establishment of the government under the mentary legislation of the Revolutionary period Articles of Confederation. Perhaps this is due to the former code. A full realization of this to faulty linking between books each of which reduces somewhat the cataclysmic importance has strong individuality. In contrast with this, usually ascribed to the Stamp Act, and shows only praise can be given to the thoroughness that the latter aroused such violent opposition with which Professor Van Tyne has worked over largely because its burdens were to fall upon the story of the erection of the State govern- a people already enraged and fearful of com ments. The result of this, in the author's mind, mercial ruin. The fall of Grenville's ministry, is to establish the undoubted sovereignty of the the author reminds us, was in no way due to States. He points out that the very federal activi- the Stamp Act, nor did Rockingham himself at ties of the Congress, so often brought forward to first consider it of prime importance. After argue the residence of sovereignty in that body, discussing this topic and the unhappy inventions on the contrary were so exercised as to show of Charles Townshend, Professor Howard turns that the Congress itself made no such pretense. aside to speak of the attempts to secure Anglican Th This States-rights interpretation of Professor Another chapter tells of Van Tyne draws from the editor of the series the settlement of the Western country, after the explanation that “it is no part of the scheme which we are brought back to the narrative of of the series to adjust the conclusions of the constitutional and political development — the the individual writers to the editor's frame of mind.” 1906.] 161 THE DIAL The conclusions of the next volume, “ The suited the colonists or that in the long run suited her- Confederation and the Constitution,” are doubt- self. The learned Mansfield or the faithful Grenville could do no more than assert the sovereignty of Parlia- less more in accord with those of the editor ; ment and declare that all power rested at Westminster. for the author, Professor A. C. McLaughlin, The Americans were not content with this simple dec- sympathizes with the nationalist sentiment of laration of law; they insisted on other rights, on an those early years, represented in the Conven imperial order in which not all legislative power was gathered at the centre. When at length independence tion by such men as King and Wilson. Of the gathered at the centre. came, when the colonies were states, and especially when doctrine of the indivisibility of sovereignty, out- the war was over, what was America to do? Could lined by Calhoun and accepted by most modern the Americans, who had scolded England so roundly publicists, Professor McLaughlin speaks some and broken away from her control, find imperial organi- what disrespectfully.“ To discuss metaphysical “ To discuss metaphysical zation themselves without giving up all they had con- tended for ? Could they reconcile local liberty with sovereignty is to get lost in mazes of intangible central authority and real unity? The work was a argument and of more impalpable assertion.' momentous one, of great significance to mankind, and The last seven chapters of this book give, how it must be done, if at all, by a distracted country emerg- ever, the best general account that is now avail ing from civil war.” able, in anything like the same space, of the The next three volumes of the series describe Convention of 1787 and of the adoption of the the life of the United States under the Consti- Constitution by the States. Written with that tution to the administration of James Monroe. freshness and firmness that come from direct and The first of these is “ The Federalist System, intimate contact with the sources, they should by Professor J. S. Bassett, to whom, for this make this volume a boon to students, especially work, the John Marshall Prize in American to college classes. History has recently been awarded by Johns The first part of the work is taken up with Hopkins University. For Washington's two the story of the negotiations for peace. To the administrations and the single term of John course of the American commissioners in break- Adams, Professor Bassett has almost the same ing their instructions, the author gives a quali- space at his command as that taken by Dr. fied approval, holding that “while Vergennes Schouler for the same period; but the book, was not altogether frank, and was considering while scholarly and inclusive, lacks somewhat the interests of Spain and France, he was not the verve of Professor McLaughlin's and Pro- deliberately, treacherously, and maliciously fessor Channing's volumes. plotting, as has sometimes been charged, to The principal facts of these twelve years were cramp and belittle the United States.” As to the successful establishment of the government the economic and social conditions of the times under the Constitution, the organization of the finance, commerce, paper money, and the Republican party on the basis of popular gov- Professor McLaughlin's ernment, and the policy of neutrality in foreign treatment is clear and full. To one point, not affairs. Hamilton for the first, Jefferson for always emphasized, we must call attention - the second, Washington and Adams for the third the fact that when finances were at their worst of these accomplishments, are the figures which and the governments in their greatest exigencies, at once become the chief actors in the drama. the people generally were rather prosperous than The whole epoch, indeed, brings out sharply, otherwise. “ The trouble was not poverty, but and often in a most unpleasant manner, the facts commercial confusion, vicious politics, and a of personality. Before long the country was natural disinclination to pay taxes.” Against divided by faction, and the political billingsgate such human failings, even the influence of became so merciless that one is reminded of the Washington would not avail. expression of a colonial governor, — " If you There are two chapters upon the development throw enough mud, some of it will stick.” But of the Western country; but they must now be more important and enduring facts were the passed by, and our appreciation of this excellent building of a wonderful financial machine by book must close with the quotation of a single the genius of the brilliant Secretary of the Treas- paragraph, in which Professor McLaughlin pre ury, the devious twists and turns of plots in the sents the central thesis of the whole work. western and southwestern border, and the loom- “ The political task that confronted the people when ing up of the slavery question. To his discussion independence from Great Britain was declared was in its essence the same that had confronted the British of these leading topics, Professor Bassett adds ministry ten years before -- the task of imperial organiza- chapters on " The Republican Court,” the state tion. Britain had been able to find no principles that of society, and economic conditions. The latter 162 [Sept. 16, THE DIAL . part of the book treats of the quarrel with France, and diplomatic sides of this main achievement the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, and the of the third president to recall to us the influence fall of the Federalist party. of Jefferson's scientific turn of mind, which led Professor Channing modestly refers to his him to suggest and provide for the exploration book,“ The Jeffersonian System," as a "sketch," of the new acquisitions. He then takes up and gracefully acknowledges Professor Henry slavery, the Chase impeachment, and Jefferson's Adams's masterpiece as the foundation of it. reëlection. There follows a clear statement of But the source material is so much Professor what the author calls - in its various ramifica- Channing's own, and the book is so pervaded tions . . probably the most complicated his- with a humor just touched with cynicism, that torical problem in the annals of the United this volume impresses one as more " original” States.” This, the Yazoo affair, of course brings than most of the series. While Mr. Henry to the front the unique figure of John Randolph Adams may rejoice to have such a redactor, of Roanoke, whose ugly countenance and flash- Professor Channing's views are entirely indepen ing invective stand out vividly in Professor dent, and indeed his criticisms constitute one of Channing's pages. In this chapter ålso is pointed the most valuable features of the work. He out the beginning of that rift in the Republican tries to hold to a compromise point of view party which left Randolph in opposition to Madi- between Mr. Adams's lack of sympathy and the son and to everything that Madison wished. opposite tendency of Schouler's second volume. The next dramatic episode appeared in the Some parts of the story, indeed, even Professor mysterious conspiracy of Aaron Burr. Here Channing hardly makes interesting ; the account Professor Channing has availed himself of Dr. of the Tripolitan war suggests a pious duty per- McCaleb's working-over of the materials, but formed. But this is notably exceptional. he does not accept the latter's conclusions in The book opens with the scene at the inau their entirety. He thinks that Burr at one time guration, “ doubly interesting, indeed, because did meditate the severance of the West from the probably in the whole country there could not Union, and that his designs on Mexico were an have been found three men who more thoroughly opportunist variation of his plan. It is strange detested and distrusted one another than Thomas how many and how different men were concerned Jefferson, John Marshall, and Aaron Burr." in one way or another with this discreditable “It would have been interesting to have heard affair, - the eccentric Blennerhassett, the un- what Marshall said to himself as he held out the suspecting Jackson and Clay, the arch-deceiver Bible on which Jefferson swore to preserve, pro- Wilkinson, who “sold his alternate oaths to tect and defend the Constitution of the United either throne,” John Marshall, with partisanship States.' To Jefferson, in the matter of removals regrettably displayed, and lastly the irate Presi- from office, Professor Channing ascribes greater dent, for once vexed out of his customary self- moderation than has sometimes been awarded possession. him. Indeed, while no laudatory biography is The remaining eight chapters, which consti- attempted, the book is in a way a rehabilitation tute somewhat less than half the book, are of Jefferson — "an idealist," says Professor devoted to a thorough, clear, and interesting Channing, “ who was in politics from a sincere account of the causes of the War of 1812. desire to save the nation from those whom he The influence of the wars in Europe upon the termed monocrats and monopolists." commerce of the United States, the principal Of the measures of his presidency the pièce neutral country, the commercial policy of the de résistance was the Louisiana Purchase, the European nations at that day, the ideas that strange stroke of chance which caused or helped then prevailed as to citizenship, expatriation, cause the volte-face of Federalists and Republi- search and impressment, the decisions of the cans, and which always reminds us of Macaulay's prize courts, finally the mediocre character of description, in the essay on the Earl of Chatham, the representatives sent to the United States by of the two great English parties. When we find foreign powers — all these points are taken up John Breckenridge, who introduced Jefferson's and explained. Then follows the narrative of the Kentucky Resolutions of 1798, maintaining that outrages which so incensed America, and of the foreign territory could actually be admitted into continued attempts of the executive to avoid war. the Union as a State or any number of States by This topic is carried over into Madison's admin- treaty, we feel that verily things were marching istration to the declaration of hostilities, June, to the tune of “ The world turned upside down.” 1812, with chief emphasis upon the diplomatic Professor Channing passes from the political side. In the opening chapters of President 1906.] 163 THE DIAL sto Babcock’s volume, “ The Rise of American Na- finally the author sums up the early work of John tionality,” the same period is gone over again, Marshall as Chief Justice, emphasizing Mar- but with more reference to internal politics. shall's conversion of his associates to such an Party factions, as before, the American hunger extent that " if the court were. Republicanized to possess the Floridas, and the other problems its practice became Federalized or perhaps Mar- of the Southwest and Northwest; the composi- shallized.” Whether “ the United States in full tion of the new Congress, called in extra session nationalism found itself,” depends on the point in November, 1811, and the sharp break with of view; certainly a fresh and important start old traditions which the younger members was made towards nationalism ; but the fact was brought about, - these movements, and the to be bitterly questioned in the years to come. last phases of unfortunate diplomacy, carry the If the problem of imperial organization was reader to the beginning of the war. not yet finally solved, the war had nevertheless American accounts of the War of 1812 have brought about mighty results. In its handling often been marred by one or the other of two of these, Professor Babcock's work cannot be opposite evils : over-patriotic apology, or in- considered by itself, but must be regarded as discriminate ridicule. From a scholarly writer the conclusion to the whole group which we of the present day we expect neither. Instead, have had under review; while the results of the President Babcock gives three chapters to the war must be looked at in the light of the whole war, one to the Canadian campaigns, one to the preceding history. In his opening chapter, the fighting at sea, and one to the coast campaigns. author points out that all the quarter-century While not sparing vigorous criticism, either of between the peace of 1783 and Madison's inau- the government or of individuals, the author is guration had only served to show that the United upon the whole sympathetic, and endeavors to States had not become really independent of be just to everyone. The story of action is so Europe, because economically, if not politically, calmly presented as sometimes to be cold; the they were still in the position of a colonial sys- connection, for example, between the bombard- tem. From this embarrassing situation they ment of Fort McHenry and the hymn of Francis were set free by the War of 1812, through which Scott Key might at least be noticed. they attained“ an independence which was not It is in the discussion of politics that the merely recognized but respected, a sovereignty author is at his best. He has given considerable which was at once dynamic and efficient." space to the lack of financial and moral support After the war, the country suffered no more which characterized New England during the from the old irritations which had fixed her gaze struggle, and to the disaffection which was most upon The questions of neutral rights, patently expressed in the Hartford Convention. impressments, etc., faded into the background. The journal of the Convention, when published, “ The new world was to be a domestic world. Its “ was found to contain nothing treasonable, but questions would be too big for the states to solve alone; national settlement and national action would be re- it was always suspected that this journal reflected quired on such issues as the currency, banking, the neither the temper nor the decisions of the con- tariff, internal improvements, public lands, the extension vention.” President Babcock is of the opinion of slavery, immigration and the development of the that the danger to the country has been under- West. All but unconsciously the nation at the close estimated. “Had Jackson been defeated at New of the war heard and obeyed the call to face about." Orleans, or had news of the failure of the nego Into these questions of the future, the realign- tiations at Ghent been received, the overthrow ment of parties, the Second Bank, the new tariff, of the government at Washington and the westward migration and internal improvements, establishment of a New England confederacy, the succeeding chapters of this volume enter ; and possibly an alliance with Great Britain, but these topics may with more propriety be would seem to have been inevitable. The news considered in connection with their larger de- of peace and of victory saved Madison, and per- velopment in the volumes to follow. In conclud- haps the Union.” After an interesting account ing our review of this group of fine volumes, we of the peace negotiations, and of the treaty which think it not out of order to express the hope decided practically none of the important issues that the last volume of the series, which is ad- on which the war was fought, the latter half of vertised to be a general index, may include an the book deals with the results of the war, index to the bibliographical material appended of which we shall say more below. The closing to the several volumes. This will increase yet chapters proceed with the further diplomatic more the usefulness of “ The American Nation business with England and with Spain, and series. Sr. GEORGE L. SIOUSSAT. the sea. 164 [Sept. 16, THE DIAL ; seed-plots, if not also as achievements — that his death, A BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF HERBERT writ large, was immortality.” SPENCER.* It is characteristic of Spencer, that his first English Men of Science”, is the general title bias in favor of Evolution was the result of read- of a series of small volumes, edited by Dr. J. ing the chapter in Lyell's Reynolds Green, and published at a very mod- logy” devoted to a refutation of that doctrine. erate price. While they are larger and more He did not perceive how it might have come elaborate than the “ Beacon Biographies of about (those were pre-Darwinian days), but it Messrs. Small, Maynard & Co., they share with these (so far as the examples before us show) Nature than special creation, which he later was clearly more congruous with the order of the good qualities of readability, reasonable characterized as “a pseudo-idea" - a “mere brevity, and attractive form, together with an verbal hypothesis,” meaningless even to those excellent portrait of the subject of the biography who professed to believe in it. as a frontispiece. The appearance of a small Spencer's ponderous Autobiography has been work on Herbert Spencer might not seem to call adversely criticised by those who are little com- for special comment; but when we learn that petent to appreciate its meaning ; in the work the author is Professor J. Arthur Thomson, we before us we find what seems to be a juster look forward to a combination of wisdom and estimate. style which will remove it far from the multi- “Some one has called autobiography the least cred- tude of horrid little pot-boilers; and we are not ible form of fiction; but that is not the impression which disappointed. Just as Professor Poulton's small Spencer's gives. His self-analysis is candid and con- volume on “Charles Darwin and the Theory of tinuous; he is always revealing his feet of clay, and that with a self-complacency which is unintelligible to those Natural Selection ” (1896) has had an influence who do not understand the impersonal scientific mood quite out of proportion to its external preten which had become habitual to Spencer. He almost sions, so we may expect that Thomson on Spencer achieved the impossible, of looking at himself from the will long remain one of the most frequented outside. sources of information about the English phi- and he never wrote anything better; Spencer occupied “ Huxley wrote an autobiography in a score of pages, losopher. over a thousand pages with his account of himself, and It would be absurd to give a summary of he never wrote anything worse. Dictated in outline in summary; the more so, since the facts presented 1875, it was elaborated piecemeal in small daily instal- are not new. It will better serve the reader's ments, after the most serious of the many breakdowns purpose to offer a few characteristic quotations, enough, therefore, the Autobiography is often prolix in health had precluded more difficult work. Naturally sufficient to show the flavor of the book. What and lacking in proportion, often slack in style, and, it could be more charming, and more true, than must be confessed, tedious. Little details in a picture the following from the Introduction ? may be essential to the effective impression, but Spencer “ The story of Spencer's life is neither eventful nor often wearies us with trifling incidents whose narration picturesque, but it commands the interest of all who has no excuse except as happening in a great life. Yet, admire faith, courage, and loyalty to an ideal. It is a if we lay the volumes aside, bored by their monumental story of plain living and high thinking, of one who, though egotism, we return to them with sympathy, and are won vexed by an extremely nervous temperament, was as again by their unaffected frankness and candid sincerity.” resolute as a Hebrew prophet in delivering his message. Using the Autobiography as a basis, but It is the story of a quiet servant of science, indifferent “ exercising the right of private judgment,” to conventional honors, careless about getting on,' dis Professor Thomson proceeds to an analysis of liking controversy, sensationalism, and noise, trusting to the power of truth alone, that it must prevail. Spencer's character and work, — his physical, “ Another aspect of interest is that Spencer was an intellectual, and emotional characteristics, his arch-heretic, one of the flowers of nonconformity, against achievements and their effect upon mankind. theology and against metaphysics, against monarchy and All is so well presented, and is so significant in against molly-coddling legislation, against classical edu- relation to the thought of our day, that one is cation and against socialism, against war and against Weismann. So that we can hardly picture the man who tempted to class the book tempted to class the book among the compara- has not some crow to pick with Spencer. . . tively small number of those which“ everybody" " In an age of specialism he held up the banner of the should read. T. D. A. COCKERELL. Unity of Science, and he actually completed, so far as he could complete, the great task of his life greater than most men have even dreamed of — that of apply The new two-volume edition of Mr. W. B. Yeats's ing the evolution-formula to everything knowable. He poems, to be issued this fall by the Macmillan Co., will, influenced thought so largely, he inspired so many dis it is promised, contain the entire works in verse of the ciples, he left so many enduring works — enduring as Irish poet. The first volume will be devoted to lyrics • HERBERT SPENCER. By J. Arthur Thomson. New York: and miscellaneous poems, while the second volume will contain the dramas in verse. a E. P. Dutton & Co. 1906.] 165 THE DIAL THE NEW ORDER IN FINANCE.* Although the political campaign of 1896 is now a decade past, each year brings its group of new books upon finance. Very different in tone, however, are the books of the last few years from those that were issued in the days of the silver contest. Then, the battle raged about the question of the money, stand- ard; while the works now appearing deal with the principles and history of our financial system, and with proposed changes and reforms. The four books assigned for review in this article may be arranged under the division suggested above. Mr. Conant's two-volume work upon “The Principles of Money and Banking” falls under the first caption, Professor Wildman's “Money Inflation in the United States, a Study in Social Pathology” is classed as historical, and Professor Cleveland's “The Bank and the Treasury” and Mr. Lawson's "Frenzied Finance” are forced into the category of reforms. The book on “Frenzied Finance” hardly belongs to a discussion of monetary subjects, for it is a polemic upon the doings of industrial corporations engaged in taking to themselves the resources of the earth. Coming in the same express packages with the others, and having now resided upon the shelves of the reviewer in the company of the three books first named, “Frenzied Finance” is admitted into the privileges of review with the more dignified treatises upon phases of the money question. This concession may affect the "rotundity” of the article, but “Fren- zied Finance” will be disposed of in the process. The largest of the books on money published for many a year is Mr. Conant's “ Principles of Money and Banking.” Filled to half of their bulk with quo- tations, the two volumes have the appearance, upon first glimpse, of being inflated; yet a careful reading increases the admiration for the skill with which the well-selected quotations have been woven into the book. Like many writers, Mr. Conant has accepted the definition of intrinsic value as the real test of a commodity money. By this limitation, a treatise on money would be confined to gold coin; whereas popular usage invariably forces the consideration of other forms of currency. Indirectly, the author recognizes this fact by making a distinction between scientific and popular points of view. It is just this that determines the ability of the economist to come in touch with real industrial life. If the economist is to define economic tools in language that does not touch the facts, he never can come in close contact with the people. The definition selected by our author is the easiest way out of a difficult matter. Professor Seligman, in his recent “ Principles of Economics,” uses the term “money” in the wide sense of popular usage (p. 451). The same prac- tically may be said of Professor Kinley's definition (p. 70 " Money”). Aside from the question of definition, the book proceeds to the discussion of money and banking principles with a clearness and breadth of view that is really refreshing in these days of marginal utility. Here and there is to be noticed an antiquarian tendency to delve deep into the historical details of some ancient bank or money issue quite out of relation to the bigger principles of modern money and banking. In Volume I., the chapters upon "How Credit Influences the Value of Money," "The Relation of Money to Prices," and the “Types of Currency Systems” are valuable contributions to much discussed questions that show clearly the influence of an actual banking experience upon the application of theory to practice. The opening of the chapter upon the Quantity Theory of Money gives the reader the impression that here at last we are getting somewhere in this quantitative discussion; but the chapter closed with distinct dis- appointment to at least one reader who still had the feeling that the real point had not been touched. The volume upon Banking is the best of the two. The chapters upon Credit, Cash Reserves, The Function of the Banker, The Influence of the Discount Rate, The Origin of Crises and the Management of Crises, are especially valuable. The reviewer does not wish to leave the impression that he is an ingrate, for he feels under great obligations to Mr. Conant for his book. What was once scattered and almost unattain- able in small libraries has been brought together in an attractive, new, and forceful way, which leaves the professor of economics deeply indebted to the author. With Mr. Wildman's book on “Money Inflation," this review turns to an old phase of the money question under a new dress referred to by the author as psychological. It is the question of economic distress, its resultant influence upon the minds of the men who live in a community so affected, and the nature of the thought and legislation put forth by them as a remedy for the economic conditions. Professor Wildman shows conclusively the close relation between economic conditions and the atti- tude of men toward monetary legislation; but the use of the two introductory chapters on “ Psycho- logical Basis of Popular Movements in General” and “ Particular Psychological Forces Effective in a Movement for Currency Legislation” gives the reader the impression of a discovery in economics. The points emphasized by Professor Wildman were strongly put by Professor Sumner in his “ Andrew Jackson and “Finances and Financiers of the American Revolution," and also by Professor Tur- ner in the “Significance of the Frontier in American History.” Not that the author has not done well to repeat the positions of his predecessors, but that the force of the points made is likely to be lost in a too extensive use of psychological terms and in separating their treatment from the actual events dealt with so interestingly in the last seven chapters of the book. *THE PRINCIPLES OF MONEY AND BANKING. By Charles A. Conant. In two volumes. New York: Harper & Brothers. MONEY INFLATION IN THE UNITED STATES. By Murray Shipley Wildman. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. THE BANK AND THE TREASURY. By Frederick A. Cleveland. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co. FRENZIED FINANCE. By Thomas W. Lawson. New York: The Ridgway-Thayer Co. 166 [Sept. 16, THE DIAL In pointing out slowness of mind, undeveloped view. Not for a moment is the reader allowed to powers of analysis, as the reasons for acceptance of think that the system in the United States is a per- money fallacies by people of rural districts, Professor fect one, for the author devotes a number of chapters Wildman places the authors of vituperation during to reforms of the monetary system. Most authori- the campaign of 1896 in an almost inexcusable posi ties regard the Independent Treasury as unsatisfac- tion. When such unenlightenment exists, there is tory and even dangerous. Professor Cleveland has but one policy to follow — that of education. On at least raised the question of examining both sides the other hand, Professor Wildman has not over of any proposal to establish central banks with looked the advocacy of a money fallacy because it branches. was productive of gains to leading citizens. This The use of the word “system” is about the only fact is clearly shown in the issue of bank notes connecting link between the first three books and the during the land speculation period (1815–1840), last one considered in this article. But Mr. Law- and the opposition of the Middle West to the Sec son's system has no reference to the monetary system ond Bank of the United States. The continuance of the United States, but rather to that industrial of a frontier in the United States meant that a con system which has taken to itself the business of a siderable proportion of the population was isolated great industry and out of the profits secured the and likely to be affected by emotional tendencies, control of railroads, insurance companies, and banks. while the numbers under similar conditions created The character of the book's contents are known to a solidarity of interest which in time took the form most readers, so that any review of them to-day is of a political movement and the demand for redress unnecessary. However, it should be said that Mr. from the Government. Willingness to yield on Lawson's prediction came nearer to the truth than financial legislation has kept the United States in the most suspicious supposed. It is not always true the boiling pot of money fallacy almost from the that a man's words are justified so thoroughly as beginning. All this, and much more, has been clearly those of Mr. Lawson. The book is bombastic at times; brought out in this book, which is well worthy of nevertheless it did a great service in pointing out so commendation to the inquiring student. clearly the way the game was carried on. The period of credit expansion is not limited to FRANK L. McVey. the days of wild-cat currency alone. Each decade sees it in some form. To-day the expansion of bank credits for speculative purposes has been repeatedly BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. referred to in the comments and writings of bankers and trained observers. Increase of deposits through Voyagers, There has been no lack of material, the medium of loans and discounts beyond the point explorers of pirates, and especially in recent years, on the of conservative banking is a matter of common the Pacific. voyages and personality of the great occurrence in every large city. The third book in navigators who sailed across the Atlantic, from the our present group is a protest against banking on ports of England, France, Spain, and Scandinavia, inadequate capital and reserves. Professor Cleveland and unveiled to the astonished eyes of Europe the subjects the banking equipment to thorough analysis vast outlines of a new continent. The historians and criticism. In his opinion, too much of banking have been so busy, however, with the Atlantic voy- capital is tied up in slow assets, and too little atten ages, that the equally important, or hardly less tion is paid to the maintenance of redemption equip- | important, voyages to the Pacific coast of North ment. The elasticity of note issue is a small question America have been pretty well lost sight of. It is in these days of commercial paper, as compared therefore matter for congratulation that Miss Agnes with the elasticity of loans and discounts. In the Laut, who had already thrown such an attractive words of Mr. Cleveland, a bank should have a capital light upon the achievements of these pathfinders equipment “ large enough to protect its credit and of the West, Radisson, La Vérendrye, Mackenzie, to meet all commercial demands of its customers for Hearne, and Lewis and Clark, has since turned her money without calling in its loans.” In fact, it may attention, with no less satisfactory results, to the be held that too much attention has been paid to the voyages of those whom she happily calls “ Vikings security of notes at the expense of soundness of bank of the Pacific.” Miss Laut possesses the happy credit. faculty of seizing upon the elements of human inter- It is rather refreshing to note the courage with est that lie buried in even the dryest of historical which this author accepts the American system as documents, enfolding them in a glamor of romance an outcome of evolution, and as especially adapted without destroying their historical value, and pre- to American needs. He argues strongly against the senting them to the reader with the combined fidelity present vicious system of helping the banks by Gov. and skill of historian and novelist. Beginning with ernment aid in periods of financial flurry, maintain the Russian explorations along the Pacific coast, she ing that the receipt of Government funds cannot recounts the voyages of Vitus Bering the Dane, the increase the elasticity of banking paper, since such daring sea-otter hunters of the northwest coast, and funds are soon absorbed in business. Instead of the remarkable adventures of Count Benyowsky; the Independent Treasury checking the national she then traces for us the voyages of Drake, Cook, money supply, Mr. Cleveland holds to the opposite | Ledyard, Gray of Boston, and Vancouver, closing 1906.] 167 THE DIAL . with an account of the Russian fur-trade and the problems, political, executive, and administrative, exploitation of the Pacific coast under the Russian with which the State and Federal authorities were American Fur Company and the renowned leader confronted; the conflict of Federaland State activities; Baranof. Peter the Great's laconic instructions to the Northern opposition to the war; the draft; and Bering were, to build two boats at Kamchatka, with the various mistakes and some of the good measures these to sail northward along the coast, to inquire of the Washington authorities. The field is an inter- where the American coast begins, to chart this un esting one; the author lived through the period of known coast, and return. Peter died before his which he treats, and has had access to the records, wishes could be obeyed; but Vitus Bering, having published and unpublished; but it cannot be said received his orders, rested not until they had been that the work is a success. It brings out little that fulfilled. The story of his wonderful journey across is new, and is not nearly so clear and satisfactory as two continents, in the face of obstacles of every Mr. Rhodes's briefer treatment of the same subjects. kind; of the building and equipment of his boats ; Mr. Weeden has several handicaps, chief among of his voyage out into the unknown; of his discov them being a lack of the historical attitude of mind. ery of the American coast; and of his death, worn He begins with certain assumptions and goes on to out in the service of his adopted and ungrateful prove certain theses, rejecting all that conflicts with country, on the little island that now bears his his views, which appear to be those of the heat and name, is all admirably told by Miss Laut. She passion of 1861-1865 as regards Northern Demo- gives us a picture of the brave and tireless Dane crats, though he has forgiven the Southern “rebel.” that one would not willingly have missed. The The In his opinion, the Union, or American Nation, is story of Benyowsky, the Polish pirate, furnishes one not a thing of slow evolution, but dates even back of the most extraordinary incidents of a romantic of the 1789 beginning; the theories of to-day are period. Sent as an exile to Siberia, he drew his projected back of 1861, and this is justified by say: fellow-prisoners into a plot to escape; by a daring ing that the Constitution of 1865 was the same as piece of forgery they were transferred to Bolcheresk, that of 1789 and therefore the Union was the same, the capital of Kamchatka, as the most promising etc. The author seems not to have the slightest con- point from which to escape the country; here arms ception of what was meant by the theories of State and supplies were obtained and secreted, the fort Rights and Secession, and of the distinction between was surprised by a clever ruse, a vessel seized, the the two. To him, the views of Calhoun and Seymour Polish flag run up to the mast-head, and Benyowsky were identical. Though widely read in political sci- and his wild crew set forth on a melodramatic ence, Mr. Weeden seems to suffer from a certain voyage to the South Seas, or some equally vague vague-mindedness, an inability to grasp fundamental destination. Benyowsky finally came to grief in a principles; and in consequence his theories are con- characteristically wild attempt to conquer Mada- fused and contradictory. In fact, he seems to have gascar and set up an independent government. In adopted as scientific principles the heated patriotic telling the story of this engaging buccaneer, Miss editorial arguments of the war time. As an old Laut finds opportunity for a very interesting descrip- soldier, Mr. Weeden has great respect for the tion of Bolcheresk, its Cossack garrison and its “ rebels,” but those "abortive and mischievous crea- extraordinary medley of squalor and luxury. From tures” the Northern Democrats or “copperheads an historical point of view, perhaps the most valu how he despises them! The Radicals as com- able chapter in the book is that which deals with pared with them, were, as he says, as “Gabriel the voyage of the “ Columbia " and Robert Gray's and Michael arrayed against Satan and Moloch.” discovery of the greatest river of the Pacific coast. Lincoln is criticised severely - the old New En- The world was long ago made familiar with the gland criticism; and while also praised, it is the explorations of Drake, Cook, and Vancouver, but praise of one who does not understand. The author little has been known, and less understood, of the believes that the patriotic enthusiasms of 1861 placed exploits of the Bostonian navigator. Miss Laut has at Lincoln's disposal resources with which he might gathered together the scattered fragments, and out have made a quick end of the war; instead, the of them has woven a connected story. The useful administration put on the dampers, and uselessly ness of her book has been heightened by the addition prolonged the struggle. Curiously enough, this is to each chapter of brief bibliographical references, precisely the same criticism now directed against and its attractiveness is increased by a number of Jefferson Davis by ex-Confederate wiseacres; and well-selected illustrations. (Macmillan Co.) one criticism is worth about as much as the other. Mr. Lincoln was working, in 1861, with the light of Government Mr. William B. Weeden, author of 1861, not of 1906. The author's dislike of those “War Government, Federal and on the other side and his failure to appreciate their in the Civil War. State” (Houghton), tells us that his position, his inability to recognize and understand book is a “Study of the Interplay of the National the principle of evolution in human affairs, and Union and the State Commonwealths” during the his twentieth century criticism of nineteenth cen. Civil War. Four States — Massachusetts, New York, tury deeds, are defects that mar a work which Pennsylvania, and Indiana are selected for the otherwise might have been of considerable interest study. In nine chapters, the author discusses the and value. and the States 168 [Sept. 16, THE DIAL The biography It is ninety-nine years since Montagu in chronological order the events which marked the of a famous Pennington, Mrs. Carter's nephew decline of authority over the press in the New World. blue-stocking. and executor, published the "Memoirs He shows that censorship was due primarily to the of the Life of Mrs. Elizabeth Carter.” This work, union of church and state, whereby the state assumed which must have been Miss Alice C. C. Gaussen's the task of suppressing heresies and seditions. That chief source of information in writing her book, “ A the Puritans in Massachusetts should adopt a censor- Woman of Wit and Wisdom” (Dutton), is not men ship of the press, while disavowing the authority of tioned in the acknowledgments at the end of her the church, is attributed to the power of imitation preface. Her volume is handy and attractive, and and established custom. “For the preventing of shows evidences of zeal and industry; and interest irregularities & abuse to the authority of this country in the accomplished woman who first popularized by the printing presse" was sufficient warrant for Epictetus for English-speaking readers, and who was controlling the printer -- a control which, however, pronounced by Johnson the best Greek scholar of was never enforced as rigidly in the colonies as in his time, may be expected to win for the book a the mother country. A most interesting part of the considerable number of readers. But whether Eliz- study is that devoted to the numerous local contests abeth Carter's life was too uneventful to supply between the “patriots” and the colonial authorities material for a volume of 250 pages, or whether her in the inauguration of the American Revolution. latest biographer has failed to make the most of the After the establishment of Independence, censorship lady's voluminous letters and other memorials, certain was assumed by the state only in the protection of it is that “A Woman of Wit and Wisdom" contains the individual from libel. Here the author traces passages remarkable for neither wisdom nor wit. the gradual changes in public sentiment which led Platitude and padding have not been excluded. In- ultimately to more tolerance of the press and to the accuracies have crept in. For example, we read Massachusetts libel law of 1827. “ The passage of that the Epictetus “ brought her in 10001,” and that this act,” concludes Mr. Duniway, “marked the it “made her independent and enabled her to pass removal of the last substantial legal restriction upon every winter in lodgings in Clarges Street.” The the freedom of the press in Massachusetts.” Abund- translator's receipts actually fell short of the amount ant footnotes, with references and appendices, attest here named, but even 10001. is hardly an indepen- the scholarly investigation, the authoritativeness, and dent fortune. As a matter of fact, Mrs. Elizabeth the excellence of this study of the early press in Montagu in 1775 settled an annuity of 1001. on her Massachusetts. friend and fellow-bluestocking, and it is probable that Dr. Carter provided also for his daughter at his In “How Ferns Grow" (Holt) Miss death, as he had looked out for her in his lifetime. Margaret Slosson gives us the latest (Let it here be recalled that “Mrs.” in Elizabeth word concerning this most fascinat- Carter's case was a courtesy title only.) ing group of flowerless plants. Miss Slosson argues, Among somewhat by way of apology, that since the frond other matters for criticism may be noted Miss Gaus- sen's excessive praise of Xenophon as a general fication and identification, it would seem well that or leaf of the fern plays so important a part in classi- and a philosopher, in her comments on the Epictetus. the various stages along which the leaf comes to After speaking on an early page of “the mushroom growth of a new language filled with phrases which maturity, or perfectness of form, were more minutely nobody could have understood when she [Mrs.Carter] reference, accordingly, to the leaf alone, and “ How known. The growth referred to in the title has was young,” the writer is guilty of the following, as faulty in syntax as it is objectionable in vocabulary: preferable inscription. The volume consists largely the fern frond grows” would appear to have been a “ With grim humour he would allow an importunate of illustrations – full-page, sometimes double-page, fair one to pass, knowing that her farther progress plates, half-tone reproductions of photographs repre- was barred by a solid barrier of high seats that no senting more or less perfectly the fern-leaf's progress persuasion could move, and that impeded by a train and veil it would be impossible to negotiate. We toward completion. Eighteen species only, chosen from the flora of the northeastern United States, are wish Miss Gaussen had made it plain which house lived in by her heroine was known as the Vinegar formal description of the species concerned, a setting; thus delineated. The text in each case includes a Bottle. Good portraits enliven the volume, but no forth of the facts of distribution and synonymy, and index consummates the whole. such notes explanatory of the plates and figures as The Toppan prize of Harvard Uni- Freedom of the seem necessary to bring out the results of the investi- early press in versity was awarded in 1897 to Mr. gation. Miss Slosson has conscientiously followed Massachusetts. Clyde Augustus Duniway for a mon. her subject, and some of her discoveries no doubt ograph entitled “The Development of Freedom of throw light upon the phytology of the group — upon the Press in Massachusetts.” It is now reprinted It is now reprinted the affinities of so-called genera, for instance, a in the series of “Harvard Historical Studies” (Long- subject on which any light is especially welcome. mans, Green & Co.). After a preliminary chapter on The work is, of course, almost purely technical, and the control of the press in England, the author trans- makes but small appeal to the interest of the general fers his investigations to Massachusetts, and traces reader. Another Fern Book. 1906.] 169 THE DIAL A Confederate Some of the best materials for history “ Lucian: Selected Writings,” edited by Prof. Francis surgeon and chaplain, after- are found in unpretentious records of Greenleaf Allinson, is added to the “ College Series of wards bishop. events, or life-stories of interesting Greek Authors,” published by Messrs. Ginn & Co. personalities. Among these may be counted " Doctor “ The Sources of Tyndale’s Version of the Penta- Quintard, Chaplain C. S. A. and Second Bishop of teuch," by Mr. John Rothwell Slater, is a doctoral dissertation issued from the University of Chicago Press. Tennessee,” a small volume prepared by the Rev. The author's main conclusion is that Tyndale “kept Arthur Howard Noll, and published by the Uni- constantly before him the Hebrew text and Luther's versity Press of Sewanee, Tennessee. The book version, with the Septuagint and Vulgate within easy contains a plain narrative of Dr. Quintard's four reach, and fragments of the Middle English archaisms years of very active service in the Confederate army running through his mind as he worked.” A series of - a double activity, in fact, for the good doctor passages in seven parallel columns serves to bear out ministered both to the bodies of the soldiers as army these contentions. surgeon and to their souls as chaplain, and in both The first volume of Mr. Russell Sturgis's “History of capacities did most efficient service. He was, withal, Architecture” is nearing completion, and will be pub- an exceedingly attractive and lovable man, and was lished in the early autumn by the Baker & Taylor Co. on terms of intimacy with a large number of the An important feature of this work will be the careful study of the climatic influences on architecture and of generals and leading men of the Confederacy; he is the relation of the domestic to the monumental archi- thus able to take his readers behind the scenes and tecture in various countries a field which has been show them both the personalities of the leaders somewhat neglected by architectural writers. The first and the condition of feeling in the South at different volume will deal with the architecture of Egypt, Western stages of the war. This is done only incidentally, Asia, Greece, Etruria, and Rome. but is the more valuable for this reason. The story An important new library edition of the works of of Dr. Quintard's arduous and successful episcopal Plutarch is an interesting autumn announcement of labors after the war, given in the two closing chap Messrs. Little, Brown, & Co. There will be ten vol- ters of the book, will also prove interesting to other umes in the set, consisting of Dryden's translation of readers besides those of his own church. Plutarch's Lives, in five volumes, corrected from the Greek and revised by A. H. Clough; and Plutarch's Lovers of nature and of art will find Essays and Miscellanies, in five volumes, comprising The cloudy all his writings collected under the title of “ a new field of exploration opened to architecture Morals, of the sky. them in Professor Claydon's “ Cloud translated from the Greek by several hands, corrected from the Greek and revised by W. W. Goodwin, Ph.D., Studies" (Dutton). Those who find æsthetic enjoy- with an introduction by R. W. Emerson. Each volume ment in the beauty of form, light, and color of the contains a photogravure frontispiece. heavens, or who seek to portray this element of the Two interesting “Riverside Press Editions” are an- landscape with brush or pencil, will find here a nounced for autumn publication by Messrs. Houghton, tific treatment that will widen the horizon of enjoy- Mifflin & Co. These will consist of a folio reprint of ment and tend to bring accuracy and order where the French epic, “ The Song of Roland," in Miss Isabel art is often weak and vague. A study of the clouds Butler's translation, with seven hand-colored illustra- in our best art galleries will reveal the misconceptions tions derived from the window of Charlemagne in the under which many artists labor as to the architecture Cathedral at Chartres; and an octavo edition of the Idylls of Theocritus, as translated by Charles Stuart Calver- of the sky. Not only the nature-lover and the artist, ley, with decorative wood-engravings by M. Lamont but the meteorologist as well, will find much of value Brown. In their series of “ Special Limited Editions,” and interest in this book. The author employs the the same firm will publish “ The Familiar Letters of international code of cloud nomenclature, but urges James Howell,” in four volumes, with an introduction its extension to include the manifold varieties that by Miss Agnes Repplier; and a “ Bibliography of Oliver occur in nature, many of which he describes in his Wendell Holmes,” compiled by Mr. George B. Ives. text. The book is illustrated with over sixty full-page The following books having to do with Italy and its plates, and contains practical suggestions for study associations find place in the autumn announcement ing the sky and measuring the altitude of clouds, a list of Messrs A. C. McClurg & Co.: « The History of valuable chapter on cloud-photography, and a bibli- Venice,” by Senator Pompeo Molmenti, translated by Mr. Horatio F. Brown, British archivist in Venice, to ography. be completed in six volumes; a new edition of George Eliot's “ Romola," edited by Dr. Guido Biagi, librarian NOTES. of the Laurentian and Riccardi libraries in Florence, with an introduction, notes, and one hundred and sixty rare “A History of the Northern Securities Case,” by engravings; “With Byron in Italy,” edited by Mrs. Professor Balthasar Henry Meyer, is a recent mono Anna B. McMahan, containing all the extracts from the graph published by the University of Wisconsin. poet's verses, letters, and diary which throw light on his “ Farquhar,” edited by Mr. William Archer, is now sojourn in Italy from 1817 to 1823; “The Guilds of added to the thin-paper reprint of the “Mermaid Florence,” an illustrated octavo by Mr. Edgcumbe Series," imported by the Messrs. Scribner. From the Staley; and a novel of fourteenth century Italy entitled same source we have the fourth English edition of “Ridolfo: The Coming of the Dawn,” by Mr. Edgerton Baedeker's “ Palestine and Syria," most useful of all R. Williams, Jr., author of " Hill Towns of Italy.” All guide-books to the Holy Land. of these volumes will be illustrated. 170 [Sept. 16, THE DIAL ANNOUNCEMENT LIST OF FALL BOOKS. Nearly 1700 titles of new books, representing about sixty American publishing houses, are given in the classified list below as the prospective output for the coming season. These announcement lists, carefully prepared from the earliest and most authentic sources especially for our pages, have for many years been a special feature of THE DIAL; and their usefulness and interest, both to the book trade and the book public, have long been recognized in a way to justify the labor and space required for their presentation. They not only show at a glance what books are coming out in any depart- ment of literature, but make a complete showing of the principal publishing activity of the year. The present list is the largest, with one exception, we have ever presented; indicating a healthy activity in the publishing trade. All the books entered are presumably new books — new editions not being included unless having new form or matter; and while no attempt has been made to include titles as titles merely, regardless of their significance or interest to our readers, yet it is believed that no really important book is missing from the list. Some of its more interesting features are commented on in the leading editorial in this issue of THE DIAL. BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS. 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Cloth 50c. per volume, Leather $1.00, postpaid Send postal for “Old Books and New," a little anthology of what famous writers have said about books and reading, containing also a detailed description of Everyman's Library, with outline of future development, or send 50 cents for sample copy in cloth (or $1.00 in leather) selected from abbreviated list of titles given below. READY OCTOBER 1, 1906 BIOGRAPHY: Boswell. Johnson, (2 vol). Lockhart's Napoleon, Benvenuto Cellini's Dickens' Tale of Two Cities, Borrow's Lavengro, Borrow's Romany Rye, Eliot's Autobiography, Southey's Nelson, Pepy: Diary (2 vols), Lockhart's Scott (abridged). Silas Marner, Hawthorne's Scarlet Letter, Mulock's John Halifax, Scott's The Strickland's Queen Elizabeth, Wesley's Journal (4 vols). Abbot, Anne of Geierstein, The Antiquary, Highland Widow and Betrothed, CHILDREN'S BOOKS: Anderson's Fairy Tales, Hawthorne's Wonder Book, Kinga Black Dwarf and Legend of Montrose, Bride of Lammermoor, Castle Danger- lon's Peter, the Whaler, Kingston's Three Midshipmen, Lamb's Tales from Shakes ous and Surgeon's Daughter, Count Robert of Paris, Fair Maid of Perth, Gay peare, Grimm's Fairy Tales, Froissart's Chronicles, Hughes Tom Brown's School Mannering, Heart of Midlothian, Kenilworth, The Monastery, Old Mortality Days, Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, Swift's Gulliver's Travels, Canton's A Child's Peveril of the Peak, The Pirate, Quentin Durward, Redgauntlet, Rob Roy, Book of Saints, Clarke's The Girlhood of Shakespeare's Heroines (3 vols). St. Ronan's Well, The Talisman. Granny's Wonderful Chair, Kingsley's Heroes. HISTORY: Carlyle's French Revolution (2 vols), Finlay's Byzantine Empire, Ma- CLASSICAL: Marcus Aurelius' Meditations, Aeschylus' Lyrical Dramas, Euripides' caulay's History of England (3 voks), Burnet's History of His Own Times, Molley's Plays (2 vob). Plato's Republic, Young's Sophocles. Dutch Republic (3 vols). Stanley's Memorials of Canterbury. ESSAYS AND BELLES LETTRES: Bacon's Essays, Coleridge's Biographia ORATORY: Pitt's Orations on the War with France. Literaria, Emerson's Essays, First and Second Series, Froude's Essays in Literature PHILOSOPHY AND THEOLOGY: F. W. Robertson's Sermons on Religion and and History, Lamb's Essays of Elia, Hazlitt's Shakespeare's Characters, Holmes' Life, Bible Subjects, Christian Doctrine; Latimer's Sermons, Butler's Analogy, Autocrat of the Breakfast Table, Holmes' Professor at the Breakfast Table, Law's Serious Call to a Devout and Holy Life, Browne's Religio Medici, etc., Lady Montagu's Letters, Walton's Compleat Angler, Matthew Amold's Essays, The Books of the New Testament arranged in the order in which they came to Christians Brown's Rab and His Friends, etc., Irving's Sketch Book, Reynold's Discourses. of the First Century. Maurice's Kingdom of Christ (2 vols). FICTION: Historical Library (12 voks). Lytton's Harold, Scott's Ivanhoe, Edgars' POETRY AND DRAMA: Shakespeare's Comedies, Shakespeare's Tragedies, Cressy and Poictiers, Lytton's Last of the Barons, Manning's Sir Thomas More, Shakespeare's. Histories and Poems, Browning's Poems, 1833-1844, Browning'i Kingsley's Westward Ho, Scott's Fortunes of Nigel, Scott's Woodstock, Thackeray's Poems, 1844-1864, Golden Book of Coleridge, Tennyson's Poems, 1830-1863. Burns Esmond, Defoe's Captain Singleton, Scott's Waverly, Dickens' Barnaby Rudge Poems, Sheridan's Plays, Palgrave's Golden Treasury, Percy's Reliques of Ancient Jane Austen's Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, Emma, English Poetry (2 vols). Procter's Legends and Lyrics. Northanger Abbey and Persuasion; Balzac's Wild Ass's Skin, Eliot's Adam ROMANCE: Le Morte d'Arthur (2 vols), Lady Guest's Mabinogion. Bede, Kingsley's (H) Ravenshoe, Reade's The Cloister and the Hearth, Trollope's SCIENCE: Huxley's Essays, White's Natural History of Selborne, Tyndall's Barchester Towers, Cooper's The Deerslayer, The Pathfinder, The Last of Glaciers of the Alps, Miller's Old Red Sandstone, Darwin's Voyage of the Beagle. the Mohicans; Lytton's Last Days of Pompeii, Dumas' The Three Musketeers, TRAVEL: Borrow's Wild Wales, Speke's Source of the Nile, Cook's Voyages, Marryat's Midshipman Easy, Gaskell's Eranford, Wood's The Channings, Borrow's The Bible in Spain, Ford's Gatherings from Spain. E. P. DUTTON & COMPANY, 10 West 24th Street, New York 188 [Sept. 16, 1906. THE DIAL GOOD BOOKS The Masters of Fate. By SOPHIA P. SHALER (Mrs. N. S. Shaler). A study, with many striking examples, of the power of the will in overcoming physical difficulties or defects. $1.50 net; postage 10 cents. The World's Painters since Leonardo. By JAMES W. PATTISON. An account, full yet compact, of every painter and his principal works since Leonardo da Vinci. A labor- saving volume that can be recommended to students, art lovers, and art clubs of every description. Mus- trated with more than 80 half-tone reproductions. $4.00 net; postage 15 cents. Pride and Prejudice: A Play. By Mrs. STEELE MACKAYE. A comedy founded on Jane Austen's most popular novel, by the widow of the famous theatrical manager. Frontispiece in color by EDWIN WALLICK. $1.25, postpaid. Chinatown Ballads. By WALLACE Irwin. Stories of San Francisco's re- nowned Chinese quarter told in verse. Illustrated by E. C. PEIXOTTO. $1.25, postpaid. On Reading. By George BRANDES. A striking and suggestive essay, reprinted in book form by request of numerous readers. 75c. net; postage 5 cents. The Eternal Spring. By NEITH BOYCE. A novel of Americans in Italy. “The sheer charm of Mrs. Hapgood's “The Eternal Spring.'”— Boston Herald. Illustrated by BLENDON CAMPBELL. $1.50, postpaid. The Book of Tea. By OKAKURA-KAKUZO. A fascinating interpretation of Japanese character and habits. $1.10 net; postage 8c. The Way of an Indian. By FREDERIC REMINGTON. With fourteen illus- trations by the author. " A remarkable presenta- tion of the Indian ideals, customs, and emotions, full of the dramatic element." Detroit Free Press. $1.50, postpaid. COMPLETE CATALOGUES SENT ON REQUEST DUFFIELD & COMPANY 36 EAST 219T STREET NEW YORK THE DIAL PRESS, FINE ARTS BUILDING, CHICAGO - INIC PERM DIN COLLEGE LT Y, STAT --UE, PENN. THE DIAL A SEMI- MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. FRANEISTED BROWNE } Volumest CHICAGO, OCT. 1, 1906. 10 cts. a copy. S FINE ARTS BUILDING $2. a year. 203 Michigan Blvd. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY'S OCTOBER BOOKS Clara Louise Burnham's THE OPENED SHUTTERS A charming love story of Casco Bay, containing some excellent character sketches. Illustrated with colored frontispiece by HARRISON FISHER. $1.50. Rodolfo Lanciani's THE GOLDEN DAYS OF THE RENAISSANCE IN ROME Rome at the time of Paul III., of Michel Angelo, and of Raphael, by the greatest authority on the subject. The illustrations number aboat 100, many reproduced for the first time, and show the interesting monuments of the period. 8vo, $5.00 net. Postage extra. Mary Austin's THE FLOCK A picturesque study of the shepherds' life in the West, from the earliest days. In box. Large crown 8vo, $2.00 net. Postage extra. Moncure D. Conway's MY PILGRIMAGE TO THE WISE MEN OF THE EAST A vivid description of the author's experiences in the Far East. Illustrated, 8vo,f$3.00 net. Postage, 20 cts. J. N. Larned's BOOKS, CULTURE, AND CHARACTER Readable, illuminating essays. 16mo, $1.00 net. Postage extra. Alice Brown's THE COUNTY ROAD Stories of New England life comprising some of Miss Brown's best work in a field where none excel her. $1.50. Albert S. Cook's THE HIGHER STUDY OF ENGLISH A valuable little volume for the use of both students and instructors of English. $1.00 net. Postage extra. John W. Foster's THE PRACTICE OF DIPLOMACY A handbook of diplomacy as illustrated in the foreign relations of the United States, by the greatest American authority. Large crown 8vo, $3.00 net. Postage extra. Robert K. Root's THE POETRY OF CHAUCER A well{arranged, well written study of the poet and his work. $1.50 net. Postage extra. Bradford Torrey's FRIENDS ON THE SHELF Twelve essays covering a wide field. Among the authors discussed are Thoreau, FitzGerald, Stevenson, Keats, and Anatole France. $1.25 net. Postage extra. William B. Forbush's ECCLESIASTES IN THE METRE OF OMAR An attractive volume, showing the striking similarity in spirit and background between Omar and Ecclesiastes. It appeals both to lovers of poetry and to Bible students. Bound in boards, with paper label. 12mo, $1.25 net. Postage extra. A COMPLETE LIST OF OUR NEW BOOKS ON APPLICATION TO 4 PARK ST., BOSTON 190 (Oct. 1, THE DIAL KEEPING UP WITH THE MAGAZINES without giving all one's time to them is a task of ever-increasing difficulty. This is decidedly the magazine age. The number, variety, and high quality of our periodicals are nothing less than amazing. The master-minds of the world go to their making,—the greatest of living thinkers, workers, story-tellers, poets, and artists. One must fall hopelessly behind the times if he fails to keep in touch with this treasure realm of knowledge and entertainment; yet so vast is its extent that few can hope to cover it first hand. By limiting oneself to a few periodicals taken by the year, all but a very small portion of the field is overlooked. The only sensible plan is to buy each month single copies of those magazines that contain the things one wants most to see. This plan has been made practicable by WHAT'S IN THE MAGAZINES, a monthly publication which renders the mass of current magazine literature completely accessible to the busy every-day reader. Each issue presents a bird's-eye view of the maga- zine-contents of the month, with the aid of which one may gain in ten minutes as good an idea of what the current periodicals contain as though he had personally examined a copy of each. It is not a mere list of contents; neither is it a complicated and confusing library index. Everything is arranged and classified, simply but exactly; whether one is hunting up special subjects or the work of special writ- ers or merely looking out for good things in general, the arrangement is equally convenient. It is a vest-pocket Baedeker to magazine- land, - a periodical that brings all other periodicals into a nutshell; and so must prove indispensable to every busy intelligent person. A genuine inspiration. — EMILY HUNTINGTON MILLER, Englewood, N. J. We could fill Indispensable to any busy man. - San Francisco Chronicle. many pages of this publication A splendid thing, and most helpful to anyone whose time is limited. - MELVILLE E. STONE, New York. with enthusiastic ( regard my subscription as the best literary investment I ever made. commendations - EUGENE L. Didier, Baltimore, Md. of WHAT'S IN A veritable boon. Why has no brilliant mind been inspired to this plan long THE MAGAZINES. before ?— Los Angeles Evening News. Here are a few Just what I have been needing always. - Gelett Burgess, Boston. good specimens: Should be of incalculable value. — Chicago Record-Herald. A priceless boon to a busy man. - HENRY TURNER Bailey, North Scituate, Mass. THREE MONTHS In order that every reader of THE DIAL may become acquainted with WHAT'S IN THE MAGAZINES, the next three FOR TEN CENTS issues (October to December) will be mailed post-free for ten cents in stamps or currency. Mention this advertisement. Address WHAT'S IN THE MAGAZINES, 203 MICHIGAN Ave., CHICAGO 1906.] 191 THE DIAL FINITE AND INFINITE An Original and Powerful Defense of Christian Theism INTERNATIONAL STUDIO By THOMAS CURRAN RYAN OCTOBER THE BEST BOOK FOR CLERGYMEN AND RELIGIOUS THINKERS AT ALL BOOK STORES OBJETS D'ART And Artistic Jewelry by Mr. PAULDING FARNHAM. Cloth, $1.50 net; postage, 10 cents extra. Send for Descriptive Circular J. B. LIPPINCOTT CO., PHILADELPHIA MACMONNIES An illustrated article on his work as a Portrait Painter by EDITH PETTIT. RARE LACE EVA LOVETT continues her discussion on the finest col- lection in the country. CHICAGO ART INSTITUTE An illustrated article on its advance by MAUDE I. G. OLIVER THE COLONIAL PERIOD Of our history is treated in the ten new leaflets just added to the Old South Series, Nos. 164–173. The Massachusetts Body of Liberties The Now England Confederation The Carolina Constitution of 1669 John Wise on Government Early Accounts of the Settlements of James- town, New Amsterdam, and Maryland Price, 5 cents; $4 per 100 Send for complete lists. DIRECTORS OF OLD SOUTH WORK OLD SOUTH MEETING HOUSE, BOSTON TORTOISE SHELL Artistic Work in Carved Ornaments for the Hair. ANIMAL PHOTOGRAPHS The work of CHARLES REID described by C. L. NEIL. Over 160 Illustrations, including 8 Color Inserts Suitable for Framing BOOKS AT AUCTION GLUR The fine miscellaneous library of a PRIVATE COLLECTOR Rare First and Early Editions, some Unique Copies seldom or never found, Bridgewater Treatises and other scarce Science, Lowndes, Encyclopedias, Old Classics, and Curious Information Books. A CHANCE FOR LIBRARIANS LIBRARY ORDERS For a number of years we have been unusually success- ful in filling the orders of PUBLIC, SCHOOL AND COLLEGE LIBRARIES MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY October 8, 9, 10, 1906 AT 2.00 P. M. Catalogues ready — can be had on application. Williams, Barker & Severn Co. 187 WABASH AVE., CHICAGO No house in the country has bet- ter facilities for handling this busi- ness, as our large stock makes prompt service possible, and our long experience enables us to give valua- ble aid and advice to librarians. Library Department A. C. McCLURG & CO. CHICAGO OUR NEW CATALOGUE Printed on cream colored, antique, deckle-edge paper, and containing a summarised list of some of the books designed and issued from the house and information concerning the various departments. Copios on application ROBERT GRIER COOKE, INC. 307 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK 192 [Oct. 1, 1906. THE DIAL AMONG THE NEW MACMILLAN BOOKS JUST READY Professor A. V. Williams Jackson's book on Persia Past and Present By the Professor of Indo-Iranian Languages in Columbia University, author of "Zoroaster, the Prophet of Ancient Iran.” This book may be read either as an unusually interesting account of modern travel by caravan, or as an important piece of original research into the life of the people of Persia and their history. Fully illustrated from two hundred photographs and a map. Blue cloth, 8vo, xxi+472 pages, $4.00 net; by mail. $4.20. Dr. Henry Charles Lea's second volume of A History of the Inquisition of Spain The second volume of a doubly valuable work, as to the famous institution itself and its disastrous influence upon the rulers who supported it, the people who suffered under it, and the nation that survived it. Cloth, 8vo, gilt tops, xit608 pages, $2.50 net. Mr. E. V. Lucas's delightful informal guide book A Wanderer in London Similar to "A Wanderer in Holland” (now in its 5th edition), which gives one the impression of sight-seeing in the company of an observant, keenly interested, altogether charming travelling companion. Sixteen of its many illustrations are in color. Cloth, 12mo, $1.75 net. By Professor Irving Fisher, of Yale University The Nature of Capital and Income A discussion of wealth, property, services, capital, income, interest, etc., showing the relations between these concepts and how they are unconsciously observed in practical bookkeeping. Cloth. 8vo, xxii+427 pages. Illustrated. Cloth, $3.00 net. Mr. Burt Estes Howard's outline of The German Empire Aims to give a broad view of the government of a great power, increasingly to be reckoned with. Up to now, no work has appeared in the English language which adequately covers this ground. Cloth, crown 8vo, $2.00 net; by mail, $2.15. NOTABLE NEW FICTION M. Pierre Loti's Disenchanted Of which the London Times says: “Our romantic son of Hercules wields in defence of Liberty a slender, aromatic sorcerer's wand, and his magic has lost nothing of its might, We dare not begin quoting a book of which every page is a picture." Cloth, $1.50. 10 Jack London's new book Moon Face, and Other Stories By the author of The Call of the Wild," "Children of the Frost," "The Faith of Men," etc. Cloth, 12mo, $1,50. Mr. E. V. Lucas's Listener's Lure "A Kensington Comedy" which proves that the delightful fellow wanderer in Holland and in London has a keen sense of humor and a gift for semi-satirical portrait sketching. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. New JUVENILES Miss Beulah Marie Dix's Merrylips A story of the time when King Charles and the Roundheads went to war, by the author of "The Making of Christopher Ferringham,” “Hugh Gwyeth," etc. Illustrated. Cloth. $1.50. E. Nesbit's The Railway Children A new book for children of the same type as "The Would-be-Goods," "The Phænix and the Carpet," etc., by the same author. Illustrated, cloth, $1.50. READY NEXT WEEK Dr. Edward Everett Hale's Tarry-at-Home Travels Richly illustrated from portraits, old prints, and photographs. Cloth, crown 810, $2.50 net. Dr. Lewis O. Brastow's The Modern Pulpit A Study of Homiletic Sources and Characteristics, by the author of “Representative Modern Preachers." Cloth, crown 8vo. Nearly ready. PUBLISHED THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 64GB STORAVE. THE DIAL A Semi - Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POSTOFFICE AS SECOND-OLASS MATTER BY THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. PAGE . THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 181 and 16th of each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2. a year in advance, “ ACCORDING TO MEREDITH.” postage prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a The above is the title of a singularly clever vear for extra postage must be added. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by express or postal order, payable to THE and well-written story published in a recent DIAL COMPANY. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions number of “ The Fortnightly Review," and will begin with the current number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of subscription is received, it is based upon Mr. Meredith's suggestion, reported assumed that a continuance of the subscription is desired. some two years ago in one of the London news- ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All communi. cations should be addressed to papers, to the effect that marriage for a limited THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. period was among the possibilities of the future. Mrs. Lowndes, the author of this story, was evidently horrified by the suggestion, and her No. 487. OCTOBER 1, 1906. Vol. XLI. fancy readily evoked a tragic situation made to arise from the literal application of such a plan CONTENTS. of limited marital tenure. We are not now par- ticularly concerned with this startling proposi- “ACCORDING TO MEREDITH " 193 tion, nor do we profess to understand why Mr. Meredith made it, or with what qualifications it THE ROOT IDEAS OF FICTION. Charles Leonard was advanced. We should be inclined to regard Moore .. . 195 it as a forecast rather than as a plea, although COMMUNICATION .. 197 it is possible that Mr. Meredith's strong indi- Another Phase of the “Spelling Reform." Thomas H. Briggs, Jr. vidualism and love of liberty may have led him to consider favorably so radical a transforma- “HANS BREITMANN” AND “ROMANY RYE." tion of one of the most fundamental of social Percy F. Bicknell 198 relations. At all events, he is a man whose TWO FAMOUS ENGLISH RIVERS. Anna Benneson ideas must be reckoned with, even if they run McMahan 200 counter to our dearest prejudices; and we make THE STORY OF OUR GREAT DECLARATION. free to borrow the title of the story, not for the Edwin E. Sparks . 202 purpose of taking up its special theme, but MATURE JUDGMENTS ON NAPOLEON. Henry merely as a peg upon which to hang a few obser- E. Bourne 203 vations upon Mr. Meredith's general attitude RECENT AMERICAN POETRY. William Morton toward his fellow-men and the world in which Payne ,205 they live. Rogers's The Rosary and Other Poems. Dodd's A Modern Alchemist, and Other Poems. — Block's We have been led to this subject by reading Many Moods and Many Minds. — Wallace's The Mr. G. M. Trevelyan's extremely interesting Blood of the Prophets. — Burroughs's Bird and little book on “ The Poetry and Philosophy of Bough.-Mifflin's My Lady of Dream.—Nicholson's Poems. — Koopman's At the Gates of the Century. George Meredith," which has come to our desk - Bell's Words of the Wood. Worthington among the recent importations of the Messrs. Smith's In the Furrow. - Barnard's The Moods of Scribner. The writer belongs to the younger Life. - Dodge's Mystery of the West. — Miss Wil- son's Actæon's Defense, and Other Poems. — Miss generation of thoughtful Englishmen to whom Peck's Songs by the Sedges. - Miss Ryan's Songs Mr. Meredith's message, ignored by his con- in a Sun-Garden. — Miss Bright's The Dream- Child, and Other Verses. temporaries, now comes as a vitalizing influence, and who are determined to repair the neglect BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 209 The Frog's Own Book. — “Intermittent bursts" of which the poet's fame has hitherto suffered. criticism. — The progress of civilization in Central He writes as an enthusiast, although admiration Africa. - A noble life in the service of humanity. does not often blind his judgment, and he ex- - Palestine on the surface, and beneath. — Telling and interpreting Bible stories for the young. pounds the poet's doctrine in an engaging man- ner, citing chapter and verse whenever needed BRIEFER MENTION 212 to illustrate the points at issue. No one, we NOTES 212 should say, could fail to be interested by this LIST OF NEW BOOK. 212 sympathetic and intelligent exposition, and even . . 194 [Oct. 1, THE DIAL . those who are well acquainted with the poet are “Our life is but a little holding, lent likely to find it illuminating. To do a mighty labour. We are one With heaven and the stars when it is spent Mr. Meredith is essentially a poet of the To serve God's aim : else die we with the sun." positive scientific spirit, of temperamental opti- This may fairly be set beside the austere message mism, and of the joy of earth. We should of Mr. Swinburne's "Super Flumina Babylonis, really write Earth with a capital, as Mr. Trev- a poem also kindled at Mazzini's altar. elyan does ; for to this poet she is the spiritual Mr. Meredith sounds the note of exultant mother, the source of all man's strength, the individualism, strong to achieve and equally true inspiration of all his highest endeavor. strong to endure, in verses that remind us of “ He builds the soaring spires, Henley's defiant challenge to adverse circum- That sing his soul in stone — of her he draws stance. Though blind to her, by spelling at her laws, Her purest fires. “Ay, be we faithful to ourselves : despise Nought but the coward in us! That way lies “Through him hath she exchanged The wisdom making passage through our slough. For the gold harvest-robes, the mural crown, Am I not heard, my head to Earth shall bow; Her haggard quarry-features, and thick frown Like her, shall wait to see, and seeing wait. Where monsters ranged. Philosophy is Life's one match for Fate." “ And order, high discourse, Of all cowardice, the most abject is that which And decency, than which is life less dear, tries to shuffle upon environment the responsi- She has of him: the lyre of language clear, Love's tongue and source.” bility for a man's acts, and of all hypocrisy the most contemptible is that which would make of Thus man repays to her his debt, and in close cowardice a virtue. communion with her works out the secret pur- “I am not of those miserable males pose for which she created him. And in the Who sniff at vice, and, daring not to snap, end, if he has known and loved her aright, he Do therefore hope for heaven. I take the hap Of all my deeds. The wind that fills my sails, may ask the question that really needs no answer: Propels; but I am helmsman. Am I wrecked? “ Into the breast that gives the rose I know the devil has sufficient weight Shall I with shuddering fall?” To bear: I lay it not on him, or fate. Besides, he's damned. That man I do suspect Clearly, this is no philosophy of despair, nor A coward, who would burden the poor deuce With what ensues from his own slipperiness." is it a philosophy of the sensual gratification which certain dull souls imagine to be all that We may suffer for our follies, but we may also would remain to us were we to part company profit by them. Let us refrain, above all, from with their metaphysical idols. The deepest wis the folly of seeking forgetfulness as an anodyne dom of Goethe is thus expressed anew for us : for the pangs which come with memories of the “We do not get to any heaven by renouncing past. the Mother we spring from ; and when there is “If I drink oblivion of a day, So shorten I the stature of my soul." an eternal secret for us, it is best to believe that Earth knows, to keep near her, even in our ut- All experience is good, if only we know how to most aspirations.” What truth and inspiration make use of it. Again we seem to hear the there is in this sentence, and in the following voice of Goethe. verses which may be taken as its complement ! “ The inspired prophet of sanity,” this is what Mr. Trevelyan repeatedly calls our poet, happily “She can lead us, only she, Unto God's footstool, whither she reaches, quoting him to the effect that “our civilization Loved, enjoyed her gifts must be ; is founded in common sense, and it is the first Reverenced the truths she teaches." condition of sanity to believe it.” This principle And foremost among those truths is the moral | is what saves him from being an extremist, and responsibility of the individual, the realization preserves his balance in all sorts of intellectual of the law that man must be contortions. It is the solid cornerstone of his faith ; for faith, as Mr. Trevelyan urges, is “ Obedient to Nature, not her slave; Her lord, if to her rigid laws he bows; acceptance as well as hope — acceptance of the Her dust, if with his conscience he plays knave, unalterable laws of nature as science reveals And bids the Passions on the Pleasures browse." them, no less than hope of a better future for A nobler scorn of the life of self-indulgence has the race, a future to be realized by the applica- never been breathed, a finer lesson of the ethics tion of man's intelligence to the hard conditions of self-sacrifice has never been read, than comes under which he lives. Mr. Meredith will have to us in the song of Camilla, who in Vittoria" none of the old antithesis between faith and is the mouthpiece through which Mazzini speaks. reason, for he sees the credo quia impossibile 1906.] 195 THE DIAL doctrine to be the nonsense that it is. There is Poe's William Wilson, Stevenson's Dr. Jeykll and legitimate scope for faith, no doubt, beyond the Mr. Hyde, are embodiments of this thought. borderland of the realms which science has re- A second phase of this root idea is the confusion claimed by conquest ; but only a pseudo-faith of personality. This is identity in disguise — as in will flout the dictates of reason, or seek to but- acting, in girls masquerading as men, in people assuming some other character than their own. tress its soaring spires with the fantastic sup- This set of situations has been a veritable gold- ports of the unregulated imagination. Mean- mine to poets and romance writers. Charles Lamb while, beset by many dangers, and far from complained that every one of Shakespeare's come- certain of its goal, life has to be lived, and we dies has a girl-boy in it. But princesses attired as must adopt some sort of attitude toward it. Mr. pages trip up and down the whole field of roinance. Meredith's attitude is thus described in pictur Tasso and Spenser have women warriors who are esque metaphor by this his latest critic : only revealed when some unlucky stroke of a sword “A wary but a cheerful and kindly Odysseus, he smites their helmets apart and lets the long hair steers us, “compact of what we are, between the ascetic ripple down. Edgar in“ King Lear," and Hugo's rocks and the sensual whirlpools '; he can listen unbound Tribonlet, are instances of disguise of character. to every song of the Sirens, enraptured, but resolute by The little play of “ David Garrick ” gives an ex- the rudder; and the one-eyed Polyphemus of despair is ample of a person acting a part, and in Peg Wof- left cheated and shouting after the white track of his fington we have a character assuming to be her departing vessel.” own portrait. Again, there is the transference of personality, as in the legends of the Were Wolf, or in many witch-stories where those possessed persons turn THE ROOT IDEAS OF FICTION. themselves into cats or dogs. Reincarnation would seem to be a magnificent basis for plot, but I can The making of categories is one of the pet amuse recall only a few instances of it in literature ments of philosophers, and it is rather astonishing Poe's “Tale of the Ragged Mountains,” and “Phra to note the variety of their views as to the root the Phænician” of the younger Arnold among them. ideas or essential facts of the universe. It might Even the epics and dramas of India deal but spar- be worth while to apply their methods to Fiction, ingly with this idea. and, without any pretense at philosophic accuracy, The domination of personality, as in hypnotism, try to draw out the basic facts on which literature witchcraft, dealings with the devil, have given a is founded, - stop the kaleidoscope, as it were, and good many situations to literature. There is Joseph examine the few scraps of human experience out Balselmo's relations to his mistress in Dumas, the of which the colored confusion of fictional life is trances of Trilby, the ballad-stories of the revenges of witches on lovers or rivals, Faust's subjugation The first root idea of Fiction, then, is Identity. to Mephistopheles. The imposition of a false per- Of course personality, in the wider sense, is sonality is a great source of comic plot, as in the dicate of everything in literature, from the lyrist's story of “ The Sleeper Awakened ”in “ The Arabian strain of passion to the clashing figures of the Nights,” the Christopher Sly framework of “The dramatist or the more complex web of the narra Taming of the Shrew,” and Molière's “Médecin tive artist. All that happens must happen to or Malgré Lui.” In all these situations, the character be caused by personality. But it is a more con changes, or seems to change, while the world remains fined idea of personality — the Me as opposed to the the same. Essentially of the same kind are the plots Not-Me – which I refer to as Identity. Literature which turn on rejuvenations - obtaining the Elixir dallies with this fact in a hundred forms. of Youth, drinking of the Fountain of Life, etc. Take the idea of twins, or what might be called The suspension of personality, as in a long sleep, divided personality. From Plautus to Shakespeare has given rise to some good plots. There are “ The and Molière, and down the line, this idea has been Seven Sleepers of Ephesus "and" Rip Van Winkle." a most prolific source of plot and situation. The Here the character remains the same, while the double or echoing personality is nature's variant on world changes about it. Everlasting identity, as in the twin theme. Classic literature does not deal the legend of the Wandering Jew, has exercised a largely with such creations, but in the folk-poetry deep spell on the human mind, but it is not capable and wonder-fiction of the Middle Ages they are of much variation, though something of the same common enough. Spenser's Duessa is a false double nature is bodied forth in the popular imaginations of Una. Dickens's “Tale of Two Cities” and Dr. which describe Babarossa sitting clothed and armed Hale's “My Double and How He Undid Me" are in his rock cave ready to issue forth when his time two modern instances of the use of this theme. Then shall come again, or King Arthur in his temporary there is the idea of a double identity of the Soul – sleep at Avillion. of a shadow character capable of being projected, The modern theories of heredity have brought usually to plague the real one. Calderon's Embozado, forward the inheritance of character as a literary Woven. a pre- 196 (Oct. 1, THE DIAL subject. Ibsen's “Ghosts ” is the most pronounced are other forms of the same theme. Shakespeare's embodiment of these theories. Timon, Molière's Alceste, Byron's Childe Harold, It may almost be said that every German novel is are figures of a kindred group. Personality in an educational treatise. Since “Wilhelm Meister antithesis is a minor variant of this last type. Don set the fashion, the Germans have hardly been able Quixote and Sancho, Walter Shandy and My Uncle to write a novel which does not deal with the devel- Toby, give in little the idea of the heroic struggler opment of a character by training and environment. and the resisting world. This subject is to them what the eternal theme of Evil identity, bad intellect dominant, is another three husband, wife, and lover - is to the French. type, and, after the group I have just named, is Yet they derive it from the French, through Rousseau probably the most prominent in literature. Iago, and our old friend Telemachus. Richard, Don Juan, Mephistopheles, - one could Surprises, detections, unravelments, recognitions, call an endless roll of these Satanic stars. Milton's revelations, all these have to do with identity. Lucifer is on the whole too noble to be named with Coleridge said that the Edipus of Sophocles and them. He is a great and rebellious son of God, and “ Tom Jones” had the best plots in the world. This belongs rather with Prometheus and Hamlet. is hardly so, but they both deal with revelations Animal identity – or, rather, the casting of human of identity. So do Poe's detective stories, and the personalities into animals has been a great cause superb novels of Wilkie Collins. Mr. Aldrich has of good writing, from Æsop and the Indian origi- patented a plot of surprise which is mighty effective. nals of Pilpay through the French beast-epic of There are more kinds of disguises of personality Reynard the Fox, down to the stories of Uncle than one. There is the material disguise, as where Remus. I do not know whether the reverse has Odysseus returns to Penelope's court in the rags of ever been distinctively and definitely tried, -I mean a beggar; or where Rosalind sallies forth in doublet the clothing of beasts in men's skins. Of course and hose. And there is the mental disguise of such a process is glimpsed at in almost every work drunkenness or madness. Herakles is hilariously of literature. We always have men resembling disguised in the Alcestis of Euripides. Falstaff goes lions or wolves or foxes, and women who carry with through life in a disguise of sack, a dozen different them the stamp of tigers or antelopes or snakes. characters peeping forth through the thick fumes Lastly, we have intellect identifying itself with that envelop him. The two most magnificent mad nature - the human personality projecting itself into men in literature are Don Quixote and King Lear, the world. This is the main source of mythologies and it is a question whether they are not both of and folk-lores. In older literature this projection them more inspired than crazy. Intoxication is a was a definite one; the god or nymph or naiad sat kind of cheap exaltation, and the primitive races visibly enthroned on cloud or tree or wave. Modern all consider a madman inspired. Personality at Personality at landscapists, either in words or colors, have changed ineridian, personality inspired, personality as genius, all that. They give a sense of identity or personality ought to be a fascinating theme for literature, and to ocean or desert or storm, but they do not embody I cannot recall that anybody has made much of a these aspects of nature in human form. Theirs is fist at it. Chateaubriand and Lamartine and George a deeper and subtler manner of myth-making, but it Sand were always attempting it, but their geniuses is also more vague and uncertain. The poet or are weak-kneed and boneless creations. Poe has painter who uses it asks a great deal from the reader hints of this theme throughout his work, and in or spectator. This difference in method probably one or two of his stories quite hits the mark. A explains the preponderance of landscape in modern recent novel, “The Divine Fire," does very well literature and our apparent greater enjoyment of indeed. In real life, the inspirer of personality natural aspects. The Greeks loved nature as much often takes a supposedly outward form. Numa has as we do, studied its appearances as deeply; but his Egeria, Socrates his Dæmon. The idea of an when they brought it into art, they dealt with it in Egeria has taken firm root in the poetic mind, and brief: their mythological figures were hieroglyphics it has been embodied for all time in Dante and a sort of shorthand which saved a great deal of Petrarch. The hero of one of Du Maurier's novels writing. We have to use a cloud of words to give has an Egeria in a lady from Mars who dictates the same impressions. novels and poems to him in his sleep. One cannot I have probably not touched upon say anything about the novels, but the poetry is in which the mysterious thing I have called Identity atrocious. enters into Fiction. And I have not even named Character's collusion with the Not-Me, or Person the other roots of Fiction whose innumerable runners ality vs. The World, is the root idea of many of the send vigor and virtue up to build the great trunk noblest masterpieces of literature. Wherever a noble and the commingling intricacies of branch and foli- dreamer or enthusiast shatters himself against the age of the tree of Literature. As I conceive it, inexorable fact, this idea is at work. Prometheus, these other roots are Hunger, Love, and Death. Hamlet, the Marquis of Posa, Brand, Shelley's cloud Anyone who desires can easily take the clue of one characters, Hugo's Galley Slave,—these and myriad or the other of these essential ideas and trace it other beings of the same blood testify to its power. through the maze of Fiction. Personality misunderstood, loneliness, misanthropy, CHARLES LEONARD MOORE. half the ways 1906.] 197 THE DIAL COMMUNICATION. ANOTHER PHASE OF THE “SPELLING REFORM." (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) Your recent editorial article, with which I am in hearty sympathy, regarding the latest move in the “re- form" of our spelling, omits one phase which to my mind deserves attention. Careful examination of the logic it appeareth not — being the “reforming” of the much-discussed twelve words. How far the propa- gandists see, and plan to lead us, apparently is disclosed more and more each year. Accept this insignificant change," they plead or urge or bully, — for, by another inexplicable connection, to withstand is to be denounced as an enemy to progress and democracy of all kinds; but accept them on your peril. Agree to drop the “e in “abridgement,” and you are heralded as a reformer; 66 President for modification shows that some of them, modatingly yielding a pawn you find yourself committed such as homonym,” are already in common use by to a well-planned campaign I see they have so far left practically everyone; a sixth of the words are technical us the “g” that ends only with the loss of the game. or else rarely needed in the vocabulary of a man of So long as this is the attitude of the enemy - enemy ordinary culture; seventy-four merely insist on -t for not of us personally but of the venerable mother-tongue -ed to indicate the past tense of verbs, an extension of we must not only admit, but even emphasize, that, a change already accepted through custom in many as the “reformers” have asserted, there is a “moral similar words; and a majority of the remainder suffer question” at stake in the matter, but it is not perhaps such changes as are insignificant in proportion to the the one they at the time had in mind. blare of the announcements. Thomas H. BRIGGS, Jr. But together with these “reformed ” words, at least The Eastern Illinois State Normal School, some of which everyone already uses, are for some Charleston, Illinois, Sept. 20, 1906. reason included a number of words which, besides being distasteful to many am I not safe in saying to most? people who have respect and feeling for the lan SPELLING REFORMERS, and others, may like to examine guage, are also illogical and mischievously absurd. “If," this beginning and end of a letter from Anna, Countess the argument seems to run, "you spell . dactyl,' then of Argyll, to her friend the Countess of Athole, as you must use thru,' tho,' thoro,' and all the entire printed in “ Pryings Among Private Papers,” a recent list.” This is “advancing abreast of popular sentiment” ingenious compilation by the author of « The Life of Sir with a vengeance! Usage in America probably has Kenelm Digby.” Except the curious spelling of sweet already decisively chosen “honor," leaving to a few at the end, the letter contains nothing to puzzle a mod- old-fashioned folk, and fur peculiar shades of meaning, ern reader. It was written at Inverary, Sept. 23, 1675. the vowel that still is pronounced in the last syllable; “ Dear Madam, I was verie solisitus all this sumer to but the monstrosities thru,' «tho,' and their kin, are know how your Ladyship & all yours war, & how you abortions from the mind of the zealot. I never knew a keep your health, & was onc going to send in to you bot person to use these spellings unless he first had been I was hindered by my ouen sikness, & my Lord sent me indoctrinated by a missionary. I have failed in this word you was well, which was verie exceptabell to me: part of the world, too, to find any “popular sentiment my dear Lord has been in the condision of a soger this demanding the abbreviated, or any other, spelling for fortnight. Pray madam giue me liue to present “hematin,” “colter,” “eponym,” and “etiology." Those my humbell seruic to your Lord & I am my Lady Jan's who are so acute as to have discovered this “ * popular sereuent & my suit Lady Emilia.” sentiment” should also have discovered that Professor Lounsbury and Professor Skeat are not the only author As 18 USUAL with such compilations, there is a good ities on the English language: other men, just as learned, deal of rather dull fooling in Mr. Marshall Brown's just as conscientious, and just as sincere, are opposed “Humor of Bulls and Blunders ” (Small, Maynard & to all this movement, which by some is irreverently Co.), but the book has smiles enough in its keeping to be called meddling. Where specialists and lovers of the worth looking over. The man who was asked his Christian language have not yet found an agreement, it would at name, and replied “Solomon Isaacs,” is an old acquain- least be modest for mere money and power delegated tance, but it is amusing to remember that an innocent for other purposes to refrain awhile from casting their New York reporter once addressed the same question “slight weight” with either side. to Dr. Wu Ting-fang, much to the delight of that ap- Everyone who has attended a meeting of spelling preciative oriental. The following may be old, but it is reformers has found it inspired and conducted by men perennially provocative of mirth: “Wanted - who show every evidence of being consecrated to a petent person to undertake the sale of a new medicine “ cause." They speak of this and that “ step in the that will prove highly lucrative to the undertaker." programme may I indulge in the luxury of a final And we always read with fresh joy of the rural justice -me once more before it is forbidden? - as if every who thus addressed a convicted marauder: “ Prisoner, move were advancing a definite and thoroughly conceived a bountiful Providence has endowed you with health propaganda. This seems to begin with the fostering of a and strength, instead of which you go about the country movement to secure a uniform system of phonetic nota stealing hens.” Schoolboy blunders are multitudinous, tion for dictionaries and language books, which, every but we have never seen a better one than the statement one agrees, is much to be desired. But so far, after that “Puritans were people who thought the church many attempts and years of study and discussion, the ought to be putrefied,” which we offer to Mr. Brown learned societies of this country and of England have for his next edition. We will also supply the section of not been able to invent such a system that is generally mixed metaphors with Joseph Cook's original remark acceptable. To secure this system of phonetic notation that “many a materialistic armada has been wrecked seems to be the first step, the second — but by what on the hungry tusks of self-contradiction." -a com- 198 [Oct. 1, THE DIAL over." “the Rye,” even for the years preceding his The New Books. rather late acquisition of Romany, seems not always quite appropriate. A preliminary defi- • HANS BREITMANN' AND • ROMANY RYE."* nition of the word as meaning, among Gypsies, Three and a half years ago, after a long life a superior person or gentleman, might have been spent in going to and fro in the earth, in meeting Mrs. Pennell's opening pages is here in place. welcome to the uninitiated. A quotation from with all sorts of adventures, in making all sorts “ His interests were wide and varied, and only a of acquaintances, in searching after divers kinds writer as many-sided could do full justice to all his of rare and out-of-the-way knowledge, and in intellectual adventures. There were so many subjects writing more than half a hundred books on he mastered of which my knowledge — if I have any widely varied subjects, not to mention a multi is slight, that I can only hope to show what they were tude of shorter pieces, Charles Godfrey Leland to him and how he was influenced by them. One other set out on the greatest of all conceivable adven- explanation I ought to make. If I have less knowledge than my task demands, on the other hand, no such fault tures, the “ Adventure into the Unknown.” can be found with the sympathy and affection I bring to But though he has departed -— vanished into the it. I had a friend in my uncle — or in • The Rye,' as “ Ewigkeit” of his own “Hans Breitmann's I must be allowed to call him. For it was the name Barty - he has left not a few warm friends by which I knew him best, not knowing him really until he had become • The Rye' for every Gypsy on and admirers to keep his memory green; among the English roads and every Gypsy scholar the world whom attention is now called to his niece, Mrs. Elizabeth Robins Pennell, by the appearance of To those who think of Leland chiefly as the her two-volume biography of her uncle. Having author of the “ Breitmann” jingles, his many- enjoyed during her adult years a very close sidedness must come as a surprise. He himself intimacy with this remarkable man, Mrs. Pen- was displeased and hurt that so many knew him nell writes with a rare understanding of his only as “ Hans Breitmann,” whereas the best of character and genius, and seems to have pre his energies had been most generously spent in sented us with the true Leland, so far as one the cause of industrial art education. Some of mortal may penetrate the mystery of another's the book-titles from the four-page bibliography individuality. The “ Memoirs," written by Mr. at the end of Mrs. Pennell's work may serve to Leland himself, and bringing his life down to illustrate the variety of Leland's interests and 1870, have served as an important source of pursuits. His first book was on “ The Poetry information, supplemented by private papers and Mystery of Dreams.” Later in the list left to her at his death, and by letters to and come “ The Book of Copperheads," "Legends from a great number of persons in different of the Birds," "The Music Lesson of Confucius," parts of the world. Thus, not a little of the “ The Egyptian Sketch-Book," " The Minor charm of Leland's personality breathes in the Arts," " A Dictionary of Slang,” “ A Manual pages of his biography; and though the work of Mending and Repairing,” “ Have You a cannot rival or displace the “ Memoirs," it is a Strong Will ?” and last of all, “ The Alternate worthy tribute and will be received as the defi- Sex." The very variety of his tastes was against nitive and authoritative life of this highly inter- his producing any one work of lasting renown. esting and attractive man. Life to him was a joyous journey through Mrs. Pennell is imbued with something of wonderland, mystery lurking behind every way- her late uncle's love of Gypsy lore, witchcraft, side hedge and strange adventure awaiting one sorcery, demonology, popular superstitions, beyond the brow of every hill. Through it all, tinkers’-talk, fortune-telling, crystal-gazing, his appetite for work was insatiable. Even voodooism, and kindred branches of unpolite reading gave him little pleasure except as sug- learning. In fact, she has given more space to gesting themes for books and articles. Those these matters, to the 66 Romany" side of her who had not this love of hard work were to him hero, than most readers would have demanded. incomprehensible creatures. He failed to per- But let them thank her for having conscien- ceive how fortunate it is for the workers that tiously translated the Romany talk, what there so many are content to be drones. If all were is of it. Of " Shelta,” or tinkers'-talk, we learn writers, where would be the readers for so from her pages just enough to awaken curiosity. many books? Her almost invariable reference to her uncle as Carl Schurz's impressions of a famous actress * CHARLES GODFREY LELAND. A Biography. By Elizabeth have recently appeared in print. Leland's im- Robins Pennell. In two volumes. Illustrated. Boston: Hough- pressions of the same actress are no less worth ton, Mifflin & Co. 1906.] 199 THE DIAL publishing. He found in Rachel more of art “When my book on the Gypsies appeared, I, knowing than of “pure sympathetic genius.” that it would interest him, gave him a copy, in which I had written a short complimentary poem, and, mindful “Sometimes there is so much art that the multitude of the great and warm gratitude which he had declared believe it is genius. Both Rachel and Bernhardt were, like all Jews, immensely talented and quick to feel what regarding my brother Henry, I asked him if he would not write for me a few original verses, though it were took with the public; but though great as actresses, they belonged to the second class. Read what Heine only a couplet, in the copy of • Leaves of Grass' which says of Rachel, how severely he blames her want of he had sent to my brother. His reply was a refusal, at which I should not have felt hurt, had it been gently all soul; and yet as a Jew he would fain praise her. I saw Rachel for the first time in 1847. I was then worded or civilly evasive, but his reply was to the effect that he never did anything of the kind except for money. twenty-four, and I never shall forget how, while I His exact words then were, Sometimes when a fellow appreciated her mere skill and cleverness, I was, I may says to me, “ Walt, here's ten or five dollars -- write say, disgusted at her tricks of the stage and utter want of soul. Her great dodge was to work herself into a me a poem for it,” I do so.' And then seeing a look of disappointment or astonishment in my face, he added: spasm of passion, and then in a second cast herself into • But I will give you my photograph and autograph,' a statuesque attitude of utter calm and exclaim in an which he did." icy voice, Monsieur,' or • Mon Seigneur. And then ali Paris, from Dumas down, went mad with applause; Matthew Arnold is called by Leland “the but it was so transparently tricky that I could only Prince of Prigs.” A stern encounter with Car- laugh.” lyle is graphically reproduced. One would like In the French Revolution of 1848 the young to know Leland's opinion of Sir Richard Bur- Leland took an active part. From a letter de- | ton. Why did they never meet and become scribing scenes in Paris at that time, a lively fast friends ? Or did they meet and fail to hit passage calls for quotation. it off? The two have points of striking simi- “Whack! hurrah! guns and drums, fusillades and larity. As was once said of Leland - to quote barricades ! We dined under a Monarchy, supped Mrs. Pennell's version of the remark — he had under a Regency, went to sleep under a Provisional Government, and woke under a Republic something of Burton in his delight in natural not to mention two hours when we had just no Government human beings other than the ordinary frock- at all. ... We had a Review with nearly 350,000 coated, tall-hatted, high-heeled English types.” soldiers the other day, and all Paris is overrun with And yet, Romany enthusiasts though they both penny papers, newsboys, and newswomen, who make were, they seem never to have coöperated in such a row night and day that the city has become in- their researches in Gypsy lore. sufferable. . . . Every night at all the theatres the entire audience sing the songs of the revolution and The too short-lived Rabelais Club, of which amuse themselves in a free and easy way which would Leland was the chief founder, is now remem- do honour to the Bowery, so that even I - quiet and bered by few. But his boyish enthusiasm for sober citizen — have been inspired with their enthusi- whatever he undertook, and at whatever time asm. I really begin to think of addressing the opera audience on the American Constitution — the price of of life, is a perennially joyful thing to contem- provisions electromagnetism – and matters and plate. He exclaims in a letter: things in general. You will find the report of the “I want the Rabelais to corruscate whizz, blaze speech the next day after never in the columns of the and sparkle, fulminate and bang. It must be great and Constitutionnel' - Vive la bagatelle ! ” wise and good, ripstavering, bland, dynamitic, gentle, Some of Leland's personal and literary lik- awful, tender, and tremulous." ings and dislikings, especially the latter, are The reader, if critically inclined, will note amusingly characteristic of the man. In a new Leland's divided allegiance between “Gypsy poem of Swinburne's he finds “ more of the and “ Gipsy" -- which may partly explain why strength of poison than of muscle.” Of Emer we fail to find Burton among his intimate son, whom he early met at an 66 Atlantic friends, as Burton cherished a pet abhorrence Saturday dinner, he says in his unpublished for the spelling “Gipsy," and for all who gave memoranda : it their countenance. The letter of Leland's “ Emerson dabbled with mysticism and paddled in beginning “ My Dear Walter,” and printed with metempsychosis, and shirked pantheism, as did Carlyle, letters to Besant, though, as Mrs. Pennell says, while using it as a garment, and exalted Goethe; but manifestly written to some other Walter, may would have died of blushes and sunk into his boots be have been addressed to the writer's friend Pol- fore Greek fleshliness. So he once said to me, and that rather rudely and uncalled for, that · Heine was a quack lock; at any rate, the suggestion is here offered and charlatan in literature,' which, considering that I in passing had translated the two principal works of Heine, I The publishing of memoirs and letters has thought very unkind.” gone to great lengths in these latter days; but Of Walt Whitman, whom he admired in gen this life of Leland brings to the reader no un- eral, Leland has a good story to tell. pleasant consciousness of the fact. As a com- > 200 [Oct. 1, THE DIAL - panion and supplement to the “ Memoirs ” of seen big things, and the phases of its life are 1893, it helps to furnish a full-length portrait many. To know it well is to know a great deal of an unusually interesting man. The many of English history. of English history. It laves and cuts in twain portraits and other illustrations — especially the especially the the burliest city in all the world ; it bears a vast facsimiles of Leland's illustrated letters scat commerce from London to the sea ; years agone, tered through the volumes add much to the kings and princes and the fairest women in the book's attractiveness. The two portraits of land rode upon its tide in functions of state or Leland himself, one taken in Philadelphia in in the idle pose of pleasure. Take almost any his prime, the other shortly before his death in view-point — for example, Richmond Terrace, Italy, show us unmistakably the same man, and only a few miles from the great city — and we yet so strangely different! The 36-page index, behold no end of interesting things. and the bibliography already mentioned, are “ Elizabeth and Leicester once enjoyed the rapture manifestly the products of scholarly care and of the same beautiful landscape that enchants us to-day. painstaking thoroughness. To the left, and below the terrace of the Star and Garter, a modern hostelry which occupies the site of the PERCY F. BICKNELL. structure where Queen Elizabeth died, one sees White Lodge, sometime the residence of the Prince of Wales, of the Battenbergs, and of other members of the royal household. Beyond is Ham House on the banks of the Two FAMOUS ENGLISH RIVERS.* Thames in the dull little village of Petersham, where Charles I. took refuge in his flight. On the opposite, The charm of landscape often lies less in the the north bank, Pope's villa peeps out its ruddy turrets actual view than in its associations. The Thames from a dark green foliate mass. Weir House and Ted- and the Tiber seem more beautiful than similar dington lock, a pretty islet and backwater, and the dis- streams with lesser histories. England's Avon tant towers of Windsor, glint in the afternoon sun, is a pretty river, but in itself is not much prettier Winding through the valley, stretching its silvern width than Michigan's Kalamazoo, which in parts it craft and flanneled fuss and play; a scene of everchang- resembles not a little. ing loveliness, of perfect tranquillity on a summer's day, Taking up the companion volumes, “In Behind us is old London, and all around the ancient Thamesland " and "The Idyllic Avon,” we know town of Richmond, the fashionable resort of the great courtiers and fine ladies of many splendid days ago." that we shall meet with poetry, history, and romance in their enticing pages. The natural Or, let us pause in our Thames journey at scenery is indeed beautiful, as the copiously Oxford. Let us make the rounds of its ivied illustrated pages of both books prove; but after college buildings in the companionship of some all, what is the actual compared with our dreams? old and enthusiastic alumnus; let us absorb What visions are conjured by the mere utter- his affection for his alma mater and his joy in ance of these two historic names — visions of everything, from Gothic façade to a turf six that wonderful past in which all the men were hundred years old, and we shall not care to brave and all the women fair! These square dispute with him that Oxford is the stateliest walled-in gardens — how can we do otherwise intellectual monument in the world. The beau- than fill them with pretty ladies in high-waisted tiful Saxon, early Norman, English, Gothic, befrilled frocks, with courtly-mannered men in and Italian structures have been faithfully pre- brightly colored coats and gaily flowered waist served through all necessary alterations and coats, knee-breeches, and periwigs? These velvety additions ; they still glorify her past, while lawns of vivid green — who shall explain their serving to make the Oxford of to-day larger secret? Only the English gardener knows it, and grander than before. and his explanation is far from poetical: “We At Oxford, as elsewhere, one continues to mows 'em and we rolls 'em for a thousand years, feel the powerful personality of that great ruler and the rain on 'em does the rest." and wonderful woman, Queen Elizabeth. Ox- It is impossible to think of England without ford, and indeed all England, were in bad plight its principal river. The Thames has done and when Elizabeth ascended the throne. But her * IN THAMESLAND. Being the Gossipping Record of Rambles advent heralded a new and glorious era. She through England from the Source of the Thames to the Sea, with encouraged learning by choosing for her ser- Casual Studies of the English People, their Historic, Literary and Romantic Shrines. By Harry Wellington Wack, F.R.G.S. vice eminent and hopeful students like Sir With Map and 100 Ilustrations. New York: G. P. Putnam's Thomas Bodley. The Bodleian Library, oldest THE IDYLLIC Avon. Being a Simple Description of the Avon public library in Europe, is his monument. He from Tewkesbury to above Stratford-on-Avon; with Songs and was followed by a long line of eminent scholars, Pictures of the River and its Neighbourhood. By John Henry Garrett. With two Maps. New York: G. P. Putman's Sons. each in his turn carrying on the University's Sons. 1906.] 201 THE DIAL prosperity. Archbishop Laud re-cast its stat- knowledge of Shakespeare, replied : “Oh, ah! utes and built Convocation House, Oxford's I've heard on him ; he's a bloke as keeps a Parliament. The city became in spirit the e in museum at Stratford.” Royalist capital of England, and later, during For the local people, Stratford is not so much the civil war, an actual court and fortress. the town of Shakespeare as the market-town of Memories such as these are aroused through- Stratford. There are numbers of persons living out the hundred and forty-eight miles of this within a dozen miles of it who have never been journey down the Thames, from its source near there, and when they do go it will be to buy, Crickdale to Putney Bridge in London. But sell, receive, or deliver something, or to hire a after all, in the opinion of our guide through servant or be hired, and not to worship at the Thamesland, the dominating fact of the Thames, shrine of the great poet. The town was there dwarfing its natural beauty and unrivalled his before Shakespeare, and it maintains locally a torical associations, is that London stands upon primal importance to which the fact of its having its shores — majestic London, that world within supplied the circumstances into which Shake- a world, not only appalling in extent, but with speare was born is accidental. an antiquity and a history such that no street time, Stratford does not differ materially from can be found in it of which something of interest other market-towns in central England, except- has not been recorded. Yet a first view of the ing that on account of its many visitors it is a Thames from a London window or street is quite little more smartly kept. And, since so much likely to be a disappointment. It seems scarcely has been written about Shakespeare and Strat- a river at all, but a smooth-banked park rivu- ford by abler pens than Mr. Garrett's, it is let, with a picturesque swagger, a smug compla- perhaps quite as well that his trip on the Avon cency, typically British. But there are times deals rather with idyls of other towns and and places fit for first meetings with localities, peoples. as with persons. Walk half-way across West- The voyage begins near the mouth of the minster Bridge, and turn to look back on the Severn, at Tewkesbury. This furnishes occa- view of the river embracing the noble Houses sion for a fairly good résumé of the last battle of Parliament, Westminster Abbey, and the in the Wars of the Roses ; also for a history of Victoria Embankment with its Somerset House Tewkesbury Abbey, and some very charming and Cleopatra's Needle. Thus Wordsworth saw pictures of it. At Pershore Town is another it at four o'clock in the morning, from the top | Abbey, whose bells ring a chime at the hour, of a coach on its way to Dover; and here his and after the stroke of every third hour a tune magnificent lines will start into memory: the air of one or another of fourteen old “ Earth has not anything to show more fair: songs or hymns; they repeat the melody four Never did sun more beautifully steep times, so that some minutes of the next hour In his first splendour, valley, rock, or hill; have passed before they cease. The ostler at Ne'er saw I, never felt, a calm so deep! the inn or the man in the street unconsciously The river glideth at his own sweet will; whistles the tune of the day as he goes about Dear God I the very houses seem asleep; And all that mighty heart is lying still.” his business. Besides its chimes, Pershore is noted for its fruit, especially its plums. Compared with the Thames, the Avon is an insignificant river, yet to many it is dearer than “There are many plantations of plum-trees in and about the town, and the prosperity of the place greatly the larger stream. If Queen Elizabeth is the varies with a good or bad plum year. They say that if dominating personality of the Thames story, the you meet a Pershore man in a good gardening season Avon too has its hero a certain poet and actor and ask him where he comes from, he replies, • Pershore; whom Elizabeth sometimes summoned to her where you thinbad one, the grumbles out the reply, court to amuse her with his latest play. The • Pershore, — God help us !'... In a place the size of thought of Avon is linked so inseparably with Pershore everybody is supposed to know everybody thoughts of Shakespeare and Stratford, that in else; but such knowledge can, after all, be but partial, taking up “ The Idyllic Avon " it is a surprise and the estimation one makes of another is probably in to find only about forty of its two hundred and some cases mistaken, notwithstanding the great facilities afforded to everybody to discuss every other person's sixty pages given to these matters. The Avon business. That is nothing, or nothing but very com- has fifty miles to travel after it leaves Stratford, monplace; but what is something is the sunniness and before it empties into the Severn. Even at simplicity of this little town, and the genial, friendly nature of its inhabitants." Welford, only five miles below Stratford, a resi- dent, we are told, being questioned as to his It is in pictures such as this — pictures of - 202 [Oct. 1, THE DIAL English country life, its simplicity and friend- THE STORY OF OUR GREAT DECLARATION.* liness, that the book makes its strongest appeal to the reader. These are days in which it is well Significant of the thorough investigation and to be reminded that the essence of human life scholarly results characterizing modern Ameri- can historical composition is a volume of more consists in things simple and commonplace, than five hundred pages devoted to an intensive the gathering in of the last sheaves of the har- vest, and the driving in of the plough into the study of the Declaration of Independence. That stubbles ; the milking of kine and the feeding nation's history should be given so much time one incident in the comprehensive annals of the of pigs; the picking of fruit and the digging up and space in the hurrying present may appear of potatoes; — the homely primary duties of man. over-refinement to the hasty traveller, but that The eighty-seven illustrations from Mr. Gar- the final word has been said on one topic will rett's own camera are charming, and the two be a satisfaction to the sojourner in the land of maps are excellent. It is pathetic that a man letters. Other volumes devoted to this subject, who can make such good pictures and write notably those of Sanderson, Michaels, and Fried- pretty prose should be tempted into mak- enwald, have set forth the lives of the signers, ing such very bad verse. There are about thirty the statements made in the document, and the “ Songs and Ballads scattered through the text, which we would gladly pass over in silence. picturesque elements of the occasion. This writer is concerned with collecting every scrap of But since the author calls attention to them both on title-page and in preface, they cannot information concerning the inception of the idea be ignored. Here is one, entitled “The Storm of “ Independency,” the passing of the motion by Congress, the penning of the Declaration, on the River.” and the reception of the action of Congress by “ Now the daylight the people of the States. It is one of those Turns to greylight, And a cold gust sends a shiver abnormal books in which the space devoted to Through the river reeds and rushes, and stirs the wait notes is larger than that given to the text; yet ing trees; by placing the notes after the text, the attention Clouds so dun, now of the reader is not unduly distracted. Another Hide the sun, now device likely to prove of benefit to investigators There are rain-drops on the river, And the echo of the thunder rumbles loud along the and students is the designation by an initial breeze. letter of the library or collection in which the “ Be not sad, oh, document or book quoted was found. For this shadow - The growing sentiment for Independence is Change of shine to showery weather; traced rapidly through Seventy-Four, the year The cloud is needful to the earth, as to our life its pain; There's a warm rift “ in which the people for the first time recog. nized that the cause of Boston was a common In the storm-drift, Showing sun and cloud together, cause "; through Seventy-Five, “ when war had And the wasting of the river is replenished by the rain.” become a reality,” to the beginning of Seventy- But Mr. Garrett's temptation to “drop into Six. Subsequently, Independence itself is fol- poetry” on slight occasion should perhaps be lowed through the the initial steps and the forgiven for the sake of the book's merits in postponement, through the drafting of the many respects. Moreover, it is a beautiful Declaration, and through the battle-royal be- specimen of the publishing art, the cover de tween pro- and anti-Independents in New York sign a view of the Stratford church where and Pennsylvania. The actual signing is next Shakespeare is buried — being as lovely as it is critically examined, and the public opinions of appropriate. the action are collated. A chapter follows on ANNA BENNESON MCMAHAN. the fireworks," or celebrations throughout the States, with a final chapter on the later history “ Wer Ist's ? Unsere Zeitgenossen" (Leipzig: Deg- of the engrossed copy of the Declaration and the ener – New York: Stechert) comes to us in its second various copies made by Jefferson for his friends. annual issue. It is closely modelled upon the type of The author approaches with confidence the “Who's Who in America,” and contains about sixteen crux of whether or not the Declaration was thousand biographies, which is approximately the num- ber included in the latest edition of our own similar signed generally on July 4, 1776. He analyzes work. A few American names are found in the list, but the old dispute, and finds that Jefferson was their selection has not been made upon any rational basis. mistaken in saying that all members present A great variety of statistical and other information is • THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE: ITS HISTORY. given in the preliminary pages. John H. Hazelton. Illustrated. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. By 1906.] 203 THE DIAL In it he says: signed except Dickinson of Pennsylvania. He MATURE JUDGMENTS ON NAPOLEON.* even ventures to impeach Jefferson's statement that his " notes were made at the time, and In reading the volume in the “ Cambridge thinks they were changed subsequently to prove Modern History” which expresses the maturer his assertion. No doubt, as the author points judgment of English historical scholarship upon out, this ancient dispute originated in a con the work of Napoleon, one is reminded, by way. fusion between the signing of the original copy of contrast, that a century ago Englishmen and the engrossed copy. even sympathizers with the French Revolution One could wish that as much analysis and like Wordsworth — failed to note any charac- thorough investigation had been given to the teristic of the new régime except the absence of many stories connected with the signing as political liberty. General Bonaparte appeared related by Jared Sparks, by Sanderson, Lossing, to them an upstart tyrant, and the subservience and others, to determine whether they are of the French seemed odious. They ignored the authentic or apocryphal. The author passes positive elements of his work, which Lafayette, over the “ Ring, Grandpa, Ring” tradition, - an equally ardent apostle of freedom, indicated no doubt one of the many historical fictions so well in a public letter without being unfaith- from Lippard, being content to label it “ im- ful to his early ideals. This letter was written probable.” It would seem that Marshall would to General Bonaparte, to explain why Lafayette have chronicled the hubbub in the streets of voted against the project of the consulship for Philadelphia if the bell had been rung. life. “ We have seen since the Perhaps the most interesting portion of the 18th Brumaire in the consular power a restor- book is that devoted to the means taken to atory dictatorship, which, under the auspices of spread the Declaration through the various your genius, has accomplished great things, States in order that the patriot cause might less great, however, than would be the restoration have the benefit of it. On the Monday follow- of liberty.” It is the attitude of Lafayette, rather ing its adoption on Thursday, it was read in the than that of Wordsworth, which is assumed in the State House Yard at Philadelphia, and before the volume on Napoleon in the “Cambridge Modern militia at Easton, Pennsylvania, and at Trenton, History.” Its breadth of view is also emphasized New Jersey. The following night, Princeton by the association in the group of writers, with College was illuminated. The same evening, several of England's most distinguished histor- by Washington's orders, the Declaration was ians, of Continental scholars like Professor read to the troops in New York City, drawn up Pariset of the University of Nancy, Professor in the “ Commons” where the City Hall now Guilland of Zürich, General Keim and Dr, stands. On the 18th of July it was proclaimed PAugk-Harttung of Germany, and Professor from the State House balcony in Boston, and Stschepkin of the University of Odessa. the same day at Portsmouth, New Hampshire. In the assignment of topics to their European Southward it was read at Williamsburg, Vir- associates, the editors of this important series ginia, and at Charleston, South Carolina, on the have been especially happy. Professor Pariset's 25th ; and at Savannah, Georgia, August 10. description of the Consulate impresses one as a Amidst the rejoicings, the huzzas, the firing of piece of work which could be written only by a cannon, and the drinking of toasts, the king's man with a native's experience of the operation coat of arms was taken down from court rooms, of French administrative machinery. Dealing cut from the front of stone buildings, and with such matters is largely a question of pro- stripped from flags. Patriotic parents even portion and emphasis. The foreign scholar, with baptized their children “ Independence.” his array of “ sources,” is often led to measure Mr. Hazelton has preferred to send out his the importance of an institution by the number material in bullion rather than to coin it into of columns filled by its provisions in the collec- currency. As a narrative it suffers in conse tion of laws. In Professor Pariset's treatment quence, but it has the greater value for the stu- there is not much that is new, but the exact func- dent. Magazine writers and others who mould tion of such a body as the Council of State is original material into popular forms are likely better explained than is commonly the case. to draw largely on this work. Mention should And this is not the only example which might be made of the photographic reproductions of be cited. Again, Professor Guilland studies the the various drafts of the Declaration and kin French policy toward the dependent states like dred papers, which serve really to illustrate the *NAPOLEON. The Cambridge Modern History, Volume IX. text. EDWIN E. SPARKS. New York: The Macmillan Company. 204 [Oct. 1, THE DIAL ” he argues, crees. Switzerland, not primarily from its results in In his biography of Napoleon he still speaks of the rupture of the Peace of Amiens, but rather them as “ harsh and high-handed.” In the present from its bearing upon the permanent well-being volume his attitude is much more favorable to of the Swiss. Must it not be refreshing also to the British case. - The facilities, read a Russian's account of that much described granted to neutrals were clearly of such a kind episode, the retreat from Moscow ? as to disprove the charge that George III. 's The division of the subject matter into topics government deliberately sought to ruin neutral has been accomplished satisfactorily. How vast commerce. On the contrary, it sought to attract this subject-matter is, one realizes when one notes neutral ships to British harbors, but only on the condensed treatment of important topics, conditions which contravened Napoleon's de- although the volume contains nearly eight hun- The aim clearly was not to ruin neutral dred pages up to the bibliographies. Each commerce, but to make the Continental System writer seems to have planned his work well in odious to neutrals.” relation to other parts of the book. In a few In his discussion of Bonaparte's policy at the instances, however, all that is said in various beginning of the Consulate, Professor Guilland places upon a particular subject does not amount ignores one or two elements of the situation. It to a sufficiently complete statement of it. This is obvious that if the new government was not is true of the rupture of the Peace of Amiens. to share the discredit of the Directory it must It is questionable whether, in his discussion of recover the position guaranteed by the terms of the Continental System, Dr. Rose should not the treaty of Campo Formio — the “natural have included an explanation of the consequences limits” securely flanked by French domination of the Embargo, instead of merely referring to in Holland and Italy. No magistrate, not even the treatment of this subject in a previous vol a Washington, could have persuaded the French ume of the series. While depending upon one in 1800 to give up the power they had enjoyed another in this way, the authors have not sacri so recently. The “ elevation of war into a sys- ficed their personal attitude. For example, in tem,” to quote Professor Guilland's words, may dealing with the Copenhagen affair Dr. Rose have been Napoleon's later policy; but at this writes as a sympathetic critic of the policy of time, even if he were following his inclination, Canning, but Mr. Wilson refers to the plan he was also attempting what was unavoidable. adopted and carried into such terrible effect in The most masterly handling of a complex diplo- terms which would be expected from persons matic situation is to be found in Dr. Ward's who regard the exigencies of naval strategy as two chapters on the Congress of Vienna. superior to considerations of national honor or The editors have not called their volume “ The public right. Napoleonic Era,” or “ The Consulate and the Among the questions given an exceptionally Empire," but simply “ Napoleon.” This implies clear treatinent in the light of the results of that in reading the chapters there shall appear recent investigation is the significance of Ville one after another the lines of a consistent por- neuve's failure in 1805. This appears in Mr. | trait, and that in this personality shall be found Wilson's chapter on “The Command of the Sea.” the real unity of the treatment. This promise He shows by a comparison of dates that before is fulfilled. The outlines of the picture are Napoleon knew that Villeneuve had sailed south- peculiarly clear in the closing pages of Mr. ward to Cadiz he had written, “ The army is in Fisher's admirable chapter on St. Helena, in full march " against Austria. Mr. Wilson re his reflections upon the significance of Napo- marks : “ In reality, it was Nelson's swift move leon's work, and of the attitude of the peoples ments, the Austrian division in Napoleon's rear, of England and of Europe toward him. and the hopeless unseaworthiness of the flotilla, HENRY E. BOURNE. that dictated the abandonment of the immense project'” of an invasion of England. The prevailing interest in matters relating to the From Dr. Rose's treatment of the Continental South American republics is shown not only in the de- System, it appears that his opinion has changed scriptive articles regarding them in various magazines, in regard to the aim of the British Orders in these is a new work by Mr. Percy F. Martin, F.R.G.S., Council of November, 1807. In his book on entitled “Through Five Republics of South America," the “Revolutionary and Napoleonic Era," pub- the five being Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, and Venezuela. The volume will contain valuable statistical lished twelve years ago, he declared that “the tables, with pictures and maps, and will treat of the man- chief aim of our Orders in Council " the ners, customs, and life of the people, as well as the rail- monopoly of the ocean commerce of the world.” way, financial, commercial, and sociological conditions. was 1906.] 205 THE DIAL RECENT AMERICAN POETRY.* Blank verse is the most difficult of English verse- forms, and we rarely find it worth while to illustrate the work of our minor poets by extracts of that de- scription. But we find in Mr. Robert Cameron Rogers's new volume"The Rosary and Other Poems” a group of four classical idyls in blank verse that are distinctly out of the common, and that yield such lines as these spoken by “Blind Polyphemus.” "And Zeus grants one delight; — when day is gone, When night blinds all, my sight comes back to me; And I can see, as last I saw, the day The great blue, breathing deep - the black-ribbed slag That Titans flung from Ætna's forge to cool Amid the breakers, and away, beyond, The coast of Italy. Again I see The hazy hills where graze my brothers' sheep, The olive trees that bow themselves and peer Down grassy gullies, and the timid joy Of almond trees in bloom. When morning comes The ewes unbidden crowd about my knees, And with blind hands grown gentler than of old I milk them one by one; then pasturewards I follow them who one time followed me." There is a Landorian touch of divine simplicity about these new"Hellenics” which gives them a marked dis- tinction. But the talent of Mr. Rogersis for the most part lyrical, and a very charming talent it is. This last half of “A Riding Song” is a memorable strain. “ Then ride, for dawn is swift and sure, And an ebb must always be ; The magic moon will but endure One hour more up from the sea. The gold of a year of sun's too poor To buy that hour of me! Though it has no thread in the loom of the past, Though a future has been denied, Though I may not hold it, riding fast, And it die, die, die, as we ride ; The rim of the moon has touched at last, And here is the turn of the tide. “O, never for me a moon shall rise To shine as this moon has shone, Like a bark aflame, hull-down, it lies, Like a spent flame sunk it has gone, To shine, where a haunted flood-tide cries To the coasts of Avalon." This lyric illustrates both the free swing of the poet's verse, and the out-door quality which is one of its chief characteristics. Mr. Dodd's volume, “A Modern Alchemist,” opens with a suggestion that should be taken to heart by those readers who ever seek to find the singer in the song, and whose interest in verse par- takes more of personal curiosity than of literary appreciation. “Friend, if you read, read wisely, nor believe Grief's name is graven here because I grieve, Nor when I sing love's passion deem that I Have felt each worded rapture sigh for sigh! Life I interpret as I may, but keep Myself a secret where all secrets sleep." By way of a supplement to this finger-post of warn- ing, we may quote “ Love and the Poet.” “A maiden loved him, wooed him with her eyes ; He felt their limpid blueness like a dream, So rhymed of love with a divine surprise ! Love (not the blue-eyed maiden) was his theme. “O luring lips!' he sang, who knew them not; O burning kisses!' But his soul was strong, Silent, aloof, a sentinel of thought, Dwelling a hermit on the heights of song." In this volume also, as in the one preceding, we note the Landorian inspiration, and this time it is expressly and gratefully acknowledged in these lines on “ The Pentameron.' “O breath of something from beyond these hills, Some higher heaven whence the essential sweetness Comes down to us imperfectly in gusts, Striking a faintness of pure ecstasy Through the minutest fibre of our beings! Such breaths come seldom to the innocent, How seldom to the wordly! and, alas, There are who have not known them, nor shall know. To me one full intoxicating pang, Whereat my spirit cried out for painful bliss, Thou hast sent down to me, 0 Landor, one For which I thank thee not in words but tears!” Mr. Dodd has the command of tragic pathos, a qual- ity exhibited most remarkably, perhaps, in “What the Coroner Found," a poem that inevitably recalls Rossetti’s “ Jenny.” We must quote two or three stanzas, although they suffer sadly by being wrenched from their context. “ Dead - Nell' is dead; frail siren of the streets, Love-starved, with lips reddened to summon shame . . To-morrow's tale is written, Vulturous sheets Which lend the fallen miserable fame Will mark the spot, counting the tale well told. But 'Nell' is dead; poor . Nell' was overbold. “She has forgotten pain ... I must go down To where she lies, and elbow past the men Who press about her staring at the gown Stained with new blood, go down to her ... and then, O then perhaps I shall return and know Why life yields unto death. 'Tis better so. * * THE ROSARY, AND OTHER POEMS. By Robert Cameron Rogers. New York: The John Lane Co. A MODERN ALCHEMIST, AND OTHER POEMS. By Lee Wilson Dodd. Boston: Richard G. Badger. MANY MOODS AND MANY MINDS. A Book of Poems. By Louis James Block. New York: The John Lane Co. THE BLOOD OF THE PROPHETS. By Dexter Wallace. Chicago: The Rooks Press. BIRD AND BOUGH. By John Burroughs. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. MY LADY OF DREAM. By Lloyd Mifflin. New York: Henry Frowde. POEMS. By Meredith Nicholson. Indianapolis: The Bobbs- Merrill Co. AT THE GATES OF THE CENTURY. By Harry Lyman Koopman. Boston: The Everett Press. WORDS OF THE Wood. By Ralcy Husted Bell. Boston: Small, Maynard & Co. IN THE FURROW. Poems by Lewis Worthington Smith. Des Moines: The Baker-Trisler Co. THE MOODS OF LIFE. Poems of Varied Feeling. By William Francis Barnard. Chicago: The Rooks Press. MYSTERY OF THE WEST. By Henry Nehemiah Dodge. Boston: Richard G. Badger. ACTÆON'S DEFENSE, AND OTHER POEMs. By Alice Wilson. Boston: Richard G. Badger. SONGS BY THE SEDGES. By Ellen Brainerd Peck. Boston: Richard G. Badger. SONGS IN A SUN-GARDEN. By Coletta Ryan. Boston: Herbert B. Turner & Co. THE DREAM CHILD, AND OTHER VERSES. By Norma K. Bright. New York: The Grafton Press. 206 [Oct. 1, THE DIAL 66 'Tis better so: death quiets life. This night artistic value than the composition which evoked So much the still face of a courtesan it; the other is a symphony in verse, in the ortho- Has taught me, showing strangely calm and white Under its rouge, peaceful and strangely wan, dox four movements, entitled “From Over-Man to As if tired into silence. Death, through her, Over-Soul,” which suggests the similar poems of Mr. Invokes the incense of a worshipper.” Charles E. Russell, reviewed by us last year. There is stuff in these poems - deep thought and “ Dexter Wallace,” we are given to understand deep feeling. And conjoined with them is a delicacy is a pseudonym. His book of verse, “ The Blood of of touch that shows the artist keeping the upper the Prophets,” is a collection of poems inspired by hand of his emotions. Let us close this review with passionate indignation, but too rugged in diction to the exquisite lines upon The Debutante.” deserve much artistic consideration. Their indig- “Her name 's not Amaryllis, though she seems nation is directed toward the mammon-worship of To shepherd with her eyes a flock of dreams; our time, and the “ Ballad of Jesus of Nazareth," And yet, it may be, when their tale is told which fills half the volume, is a plea for the spirit (Poor sheep, poor silly dream-sheep pastured far Along faint hills lit by a maiden star!) of Christianity as opposed to the practice of Chris- She will desert them for the Fleece of Gold." tendom.“ Samson and Delilah” expounds a similar parable with equal effectiveness. We quote a stanza “ Many Moods” was the title given to a volume from the “ Ballade of Dead Republics.” of his poenis by the late J. A. Symonds. “Many “Tell me ye King-craft of to-day Moods and Many Minds ” is the caption under Where is Athens, who made men free ; which Mr. Louis James Block has made his latest Then sank into stupor by the way, collection of miscellaneous pieces. Mr. Block has Subdued by the Spartan tyranny ? And Rome that staggered to death, perdie, paid loyal devotion to the muse for many years, Stabbed by the sword of Hannibal, and the present volume exhibits him as a very And bled by patrician infamy – thoughtful poet, with many forms of technical ex- The Dragon of Greed destroyed them all!" pression at his command. It seems to us that he is This is technically the best poem in the book. Others best when his form is simplest, as these stanzas from suffer from over-vehemence of expression, as in this “In the Afternoon ” may serve to illustrate. description of “ Gifts have the gray hours brought, “The perjured Marshall, who with sorcery Gray hours of the afternoon, Planted the jungle of unequal laws," Soft lighted hours, whose sun Faces the lampless moon. or of “this huge reptile, now a nation's Fear," which is the author's pleasant way of referring to Mr. “Not the wild blooms of youth, Rockefeller. But such excesses as these may almost Not passion's golden flowers, But blossoms wan of hue, be condoned for the sake of the author's denuncia- Plucked in life's gentler bowers. tion of the Philippine iniquity, and of his stanch adherence to the fine older ideals of the Republic, “Sweeter is rest and calm Than ecstasy's fierce pain, so shamelessly flouted in these decadent days. And sweeter this sad bliss When a man styles himself a minor poet, criticism Than all youth strove to gain. is disarmed. In such case is Mr. John Burroughs, “ The calm of twilight descends who has been told, he says, that his readers could Unvexed of sunset, and gray, forgive him everything but his poetry, and who Star-crowned, and bringer of dreams, nevertheless makes bold to collect his fugitive pieces Day's shadow, dearer than day.” into a volume called “Bird and Bough,” with the As an example of Mr. Block's more stately meas following felicitous motto from Bunyan: “Some said, ures, we quote his fine sonnet on “The Arbitration John, print it; others said, Not so. “The Cardinal Treaty.” Flower" is pretty enough for quotation. “ Yet the world moves; although the bitter Past “Like peal of a bugle Lingering enthroned demands to be obeyed ; Upon the still night, Across the seas the nations war-arrayed So flames her deep scarlet Still stand at gaze, and hearken for the vast In dim forest light. And harsh call unto strife, the thunderous blast Of trumpets while the fields are sore dismayed ; "A heart-throb of color In Time's great balance such rule duly weighed Lit up the dim nook, Has been found wanting, its sure doom forecast; A dash of deep scarlet The dark shadows shook. “For two strong peoples shape the newer thought, With joinèd might invoke the reign of peace, “Thou darling of August, Seeing each man's fatherland is where is sought Thou flame of her flame, Some nobler hope for true life's bright increase, 'Tis only bold Autumn And of one blood is goodness, and release Thy ardor can tame." From world-care by the whole world's toil is wrought!" One merit Mr. Burroughs may and does claim un- Two interesting experiments in music are found in reproved for his songs, that “they keep closer to this volume. One is a transcription of Gillet's our wild nature — to the birds, the flowers, the “Loin du Bal,” which seems to us to have a higher seasons — than most of our minor poetry has done.” 1906.] 207 THE DIAL There are no daisies and nightingales in his song, but instead arbutus and columbine and hepatica, the crow, the bobolink, and the bluebird. “My Lady of Dream,” by Mr. Lloyd Mifflin, is a volume of lyrics of which “The Tryst with His Love” may be taken as an example. “When the wings of the twilight-legion And the ghosts of the sunset pale, I float in the nebulous region Of a spirit-haunted vale: By the marge of a mystical river I make of my love a lyre, For she is a reed a-quiver, And I am the wind, her desire." This is charming, if ineffectual. It must be admitted that the author does better with the stately move ment of the sonnet than with the freer utterance of the song. He has not the gift of liquid melody, whatever others he may have. The present volume includes a number of sonnets, and one curious ex- periment in the form of a two-octaved sonnet. This we quote as perhaps the most satisfactory poem in the collection. It is entitled “Imperial Inventress.” “O guardian of the sought-for sacred fire; Mother of splendors springing from the mind; Imperial Inventress, let me find Melodious solace great as my desire ! Grant me to waken thine impassioned lyre To most mellifluous music, and unbind The bands of silence; oh, once more be kind E'en unto me, the least among thy choir! O Breath of Godhead, voicing mysteries That mortal men, unheeding, seldom hear, Fain would my spirit bend a reverent ear To feast upon thy heavenly harmonies ! Come through the sunset gates, or on the breeze Memnonian, murmur to me, spirit clear; Breathe solace and dispel this life-long tear By mystic music sweeter than the sea's ! Give to this essence flaming seraph wings, Or burn it, incense-like, to thee and thine, Upon thy alter with its purging fire ; Strike thou at last from out these trembling strings Apocalypses of the inner shrine – oBreath of God! make of my soul thy lyre!” Fifteen years ago, Mr. Meredith Nicholson pub- lished “Short Flights,” a small volume of songs and lyrics. Since then, the author has become widely known as a writer of acceptable fiction, but it appears from his new volume of “ Poems” that he has not meanwhile forsaken the muse. We find in these pieces a graver and more reflective note than in the earlier ones the natural mark of a maturer experi- ence and a widened outlook. “A Prayer of the Hill-Country” shall be taken for our illustration. “Lift me, O Lord, above the level plain, Beyond the cities where life throbs and thrills, And in the cool airs let my spirit gain The stable strength and courage of Thy hills. They are Thy secret dwelling-places, Lord ! Like Thy majestic prophets, old and hoar, They stand assembled in divine accord, Thy sign of 'stablished power forevermore. “Here peace finds refugc from ignoble wars, And faith, triumphant, builds in snow and rime, Near the broad highways of the greater stars, *Above the tide-line of the seas of time. “Lead me yet farther, Lord, to peaks more clear, Until the clouds like shining meadows lie, Where through the deeps of silence I may hear The thunder of Thy legions marching by." Nature, art, and patriotic sentiment are the chief elements of Mr. Nicholson's inspiration. The metrical diversions of a score of years mostly bits of verse are collected into a volume called “At the Gate of the Century,” by Mr. Harry Lyman Koopman. Neatly epigrammatic couplets and quatrains abound, as this on Shelley's great lyrical drama. *Unbound, for who would bind it?' the perplexed And sneering critics of the poet cried, Whose son saw England's scholarship divide Over a doubtful comma in the text." “Shelley's Birthday (August 4, 2792)" may be set beside the above quatrain to illustrate Mr. Koopman's more serious manner. “ I stood before the open gate of birth, Where souls unborn await their doom to earth. Forth from the throng there burst a soul of flame, Mine hour of birth, O Lord, the stars proclaim!' To whom then gravely He: ‘Yea, now at last The world is fit thy lot therein to cast. But, through thy haste, a thousand years ago Men called thee Shelley in that life below."" Conventional verse of a rather commonplace kind, devoid of anything like originality and not notice- ably felicitous in diction, makes up the volume called “Words of the Wood,” by Dr. Ralcy Husted Bell. “ Dreamland Voices” is a specimen well above the average. “Now sings the mated bird, Scarce knowing why he utters golden mirth ; The thrilling leaves are stirred With melodies of bird and sky and earth. “From far-off fields of sleep I hear the drowsy phantom voices rise; There are no winds to sweep The misty murmur-echoes from the skies. “Serene soft stars eclipse Their full-eyed gaze with lids of love half closed ; The great world gently dips Beneath a sea of azure, opal-rosed. “ The half-wake grasses droop Where pools of moonlight lie between the trees ; And tall night-shadows stoop Like timid silence shrinking from the breeze." A “Threnody” lamenting the passing of the ancient gods, one of the poems included in a slender volume by Mr. Lewis Worthington Smith, closes with this appealing stanza : “ Plataa's soil is sacred as of old; In Salamis the white spray flashes still ; But nevermore in prophecy is told Apollo's promise or dark Hera's will. The winds may pluck the reeds for music mellow, Or buoyant lift some song-bird's throat of yellow; But not again the god's deft fingers straying Shall charm the fawns and dryads with his playing. My steps from sea to height are longing-led; The ancient gods are dead; sweet Pan is dead." Another poem yields these couplets on Sir Francis Drake: 208 [Oct. 1, THE DIAL sea. "Brother of Shakespeare, England's strength and will, The defect in the third and fourth lines is unfortu- As he was England's heart and mind, I fill nate, particularly in view of the obvious remedy, Opie brimming beaker to the sword that hung which is nothing more than shifting the superfluous Close at thy side, the ready hands that flung The power of Spain upon the tumbling seas " and” of the one to its proper place at the begin- With careless laughter as of kings at ease; ning of the other. One brimming beaker as the pledge goes round And in our ears the world-wide surges sound." “Mystery of the West," by Mr. Henry Nehemiah Mr. Smith has a fondness for long and swinging Dodge, may be described as a sort of sectional epic of the discovery of America. Beginning with Leif measures, as in the poem “ Southern Stars.” and ending with the chained Columbus, the history “The earth rolls onward night by night through wondrous is unfolded episodically, with lyrical interludes. We arcs of sky; quote the verses called “ Too Soon the Light." Aldebaran, the Pleiades, and Sirius go by. The Great Bear, Draco, Perseus, and Cassiopæia keep “Blow, night winds, blow your kindly, mystic veil Their silent watch of centuries, though I should wake or Athwart the rift made by the Norseman's prow; sleep; Let Vineland slumber yet awhile in peace, But on my little spot of earth there may not come to me Lulled by her guardian ocean's melodies. The vision of the Southern Cross above the Southern sea. Hide once again this earthly paradise, Whose waters flow unvexed, whose limpid streams :"Job saw Arcturus, Plato watched the marshalled host go by; Leap in sweet Freedom's haunts, where fearless drink Their spirits thrill to meet my own from out the midnight All her wild creatures, in her love secure; sky. Whose forest wilds, untouched by the woodman's axe, Chaldean shepherds lost in awe are with me as I gaze; In their primeval glory undefiled, Upon us falls the reverent hush of wonder and amaze; Murmur their joy unto caressing winds. But I may never share the joy, the rapture fine and free, Too soon the light! the world is moving slow; Of those who watch the Argo breast the glowing Southern These shores be for its riper heritage!" This Altogether, this little book seems to be worth while. poem was written for the Phi Beta Kappa Soci- We note in one instance the detestable malformation ety of Massachusetts. It is supplemented by “Com- “ thru”: is not even poetry to be spared this dese- | ing of the Nations,” a series of lyrical outpourings cration? supposed to express the feelings of the various na- tionalities that have come to people the new world. A lyric and a sonnet shall be our illustrative ex- tracts from “The Moods of Life," a volume of verse From Miss Alice Wilson's “Actæon's Defense, by Mr. William Francis Barnard. The lyric is and Other Poems,” we select this love-sonnet for its « Pioneers.” note of sincerity and quiet charm. “Too full of freedom's passion to endure By all the ways of life I come to thee: The heavy bonds of custom, age on age, Along the highroad of my common day Men rise up, having strength and courage sure, In the full glare of trials that betray And would in time's adventurous tasks engage. The frailties of my nature; I come to thee Along the woodpaths of my fantasy “Alien in settled lands, Earth's titans these, Where once my virgin spirit loved to stray Whose mighty strength must find fit deeds afar; In lone delight; and when I climb to lay In curious search they sail o'er all her seas, My burst of rapture near eternity; Asking no guides save sun, or moon, or star. I come through vales where vespers have been ringing, What time my heart is touched with solemn grace; "And where they pause, enamored, for a time, And last, with spirit ’neath its sorrow stinging, They hear their hearts within, that long to go; I reach thee in its secret mourning place. Which will not let them rest in any clime Thou my horizon art, my life enringing As long as worlds lie wide, and far streams flow. And o'er it like a star is set thy face." “They toil up mountains, pierce great pathless woods, We do not quite understand how a “burst” may They cross the deserts waste, then hasten on. Taming the earth for following multitudes, be laid, but the poem as a whole is acceptable. As They face the beckoning sunset, and are gone." the title would indicate, classical themes are some- times chosen by Miss Wilson for treatment. We The subject of the sonnet is “The Graves of Shelley strongly suspect that she imagines " Iphigenia” to and Keats" in the Protestant Cemetery at Rome. be accented upon its third syllable, and Herbert “Is this where Death his jealous state doth keep Spencer's tolerance of this fault is hardly enough to Over two glorious ones, who early passed excuse it. Out of the ways of song and into the Vast, Out of being into sealed sleep? Old clothes, old furniture, and old fashions are Is this the spot where Joy lies buried deep; the chief themes of Miss Ellen Brainerd Peck's Where Hope and Love are hushed; where prisoned fast, Young power and high desire are cold at last, Songs by the Sedges.” A neat example is “The Moving no more? I smile, and cannot weep. Spinet." Ye trees; grey pyramid clearing the blue air “On the tinkling notes, and faint, Within whose shade the flowers with beauty bent, Of the spinet old and quaint, Grow thickly; ivied walls; and lingering wind; Once pretty hands oft lightly strayed, Green grass, and sunlight; is there otherwhere Coaxing gentle melodies, Fitter for poets on whose heads were spent From the slender ivory keys, The scorn and maledictions of Mankind ?" In days when dainty tunes were played. 9) 66 ? 66 23 1906.] 209 THE DIAL Own Book. : sun, “In frock of dimity bedight, Of a fashion then the height, BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. Perchance, some maid, demure and slim, The last ten years have witnessed a Practiced here a canzonet, The Frog's Or a graceful minuet, marked increase in the output of In studied measure, queer and prim. books of natural history, nature books, “Now untouched the keys lie hid; and not a few excellent tales of unnatural history Silence sleeps beneath the lid. masquerading in the borders of the arid regions of And the voiceless spinet seems pure (and, alas, too often dry) science. Publishers Haunted with refrains of song, have awakened to the fact that there is a growing That to other days belong demand for books in this field. The introduction of And eloquent of olden dreams." high-grade instruction in the natural sciences in the Miss Peck has a pretty fancy and a light touch, secondary schools, and the development of nature which are just the qualities needed for this sort of study in the graded schools, have created an intelli- reminiscent verse. gent constituency of no mean proportions, in whom Miss Coletta Ryan is the author of “ Songs in a natural history works of high standard command a Sun-Garden.” She cries : quick appreciation. Not every candidate for favor has deserved success. Some have not reflected the “Oh, let me sing! The the birds, the grief-defying trees essential scientific experience or training, and have Are joyous minstrels, playing with the breeze. consequently failed to develop the subject with due Through field and forest gleeful echoes ring - regard to proportionate values of its various phases. Oh, let me sing !” Others have sacrificed fact for effect, or have cov- But we doubt if the permission should be granted, ered too large a field in too superficial a manner ; in view of the rather futile character of the outpour-while a few do not rise above the monotony of a ings that follow. “ A Lover's Song” is one of the mere clerical compilation. In the main, however, a few things afforded by this volume that are reason high standard of scientific accuracy has been attained, ably acceptable. and improvement in form and in illustration has “She is more golden than the golden sun, been marked in the general level during the past More silver than the silver moonlight's glow; decade. The latest number in that series of high- More fair, more rare, more holy than the one grade works, “ The Nature Library” (Doubleday, I taught my heart to worship long ago! Page & Co.), Miss Mary C. Dickerson's “Frog “She is more starry than the stars that fall Book,” reaches the high-water mark of general Speechless beneath her beauty. In her eyes excellence. The scope of the work is not too great I see my bride, my heaven, and my all,- for the space allotted; the treatment is scientific, My light, my love, my deathless Paradise." thoroughly modern and up-to-date, reflecting current This is all very well. but it seems to be a little university standards. The illustrations are ample hard on the one of long ago, now so completely and in the main well chosen. and in the main well chosen. The subject is treated supplanted. comprehensively, and the matter is sufficiently va- Above Of “The Dream Child, and Other Verses,” by ried to maintain the interest of the reader. Miss Norma K. Bright, we can only say that they all, it is no clerical compilation made for the market, have neither melody nor felicity of phrase, that they but rather an enthusiastic recital of close and critical are often rude and sometimes even ungrammatical personal observation told without striving for effect. in construction. Ambition, for example, is thus The selection of material and the completeness and apostrophized : comprehensiveness of the treatment are commend able. Little attention is paid to structural or ana- “ Thou Spirit that feeth so swiftly before me, tomical matters. How long have I thee pursued ! The introductory chapter deals Over meadows of green have I weariedly chased thee, with the distinction between batrachians and fishes But thou seem'st ever my grasp to elude." and reptiles, development and metamorphoses, clas- We have small sympathy for the Czar of Russia sification, phylogeny, hibernation, poison, voice, color in his present predicament, but even he deserves a change, behavior, and distribution of the Batrachia better fate than to be made the victim of such verse Salientia, or frogs and toads. A well worked out as the following: key is provided for the identification of the North American species, and all technical terms are fully “ A man is a man and a king; illustrated. The remainder of the book is given up As much a monarch as you! With a soul to dare and to do! to a detailed account of about sixty frogs, tree-toads, Would you trample him low ? and toads, of this continent. Each is described Have him bend and bow at your beck ? briefly in the matter of color, measurements, and Put your foot, at will, on his neck ? The spirit cries justice' loud ; external characters, and a more or less extended What! Do you merely smile grim ? account of its natural history follows. An extensive Smile as at childish whim? bibliography of scientific works and articles in jour- Then zealously flee from him ? " nals, dealing with the classification and natural his- WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. tory of these interesting animals, is appended. The 210 [Oct. 1, THE DIAL The civilization in criticism. illustrations are plates by the color-printing process, man's first book published after his conversion (p.15); in which the colors are portrayed with excellent gen nor was it the gifted author of “Dodo” who con- eral effect and considerable fidelity to the actual tributed the life of Rossetti to the “ English Men of colors in nature. There are also over three hundred Letters” series (p. 223). And what, finally, is a well-executed half-tones from photographs by the “liberal, High Anglican”? author, — frogs and hop-toads galore, front, rear, and In the summer of 1904 the Govern- side-view, in the water and out. In fact, there are progress of ment of the Congo Free State ap almost too many toads for the best literary effect ! Central Africa. pointed a commission of three to The final plate, whose legend runs “The bullfrog - independent, self-composed, alert,” is the embodi- study the prevailing administrative system in Central ment of batrachian complacency. The subject of Africa and to formulate suggestions for the amelio- the portrait is evidently well pleased at the publicity ration of such evils as might be found to exist. The results of this investigation have recently been given he seems destined to acquire. to the English-reading public through the medium Mr. Arthur Rickett's 66 Personal of a small volume in the “Questions of the Day” "Intermittent bursts” of Forces in Modern Literature" (Dut- series (Putnam) under the title of “The Congo : A ton)professes to be concerned rather Report of the Commission of Inquiry.” The mem- with the personal equation' of the writers discussed bers of the commission, de Cuvelier, Droogmans, than with the purely literary aspects of their work. and Liebrechts, are men of eminent ability, and The guiding principle in the selection of names it is safe to assume that their task has been performed has been to exhibit as great a diversity of tempera with becoming thoroughness. All important dis- ment as possible” (p. vii.). The writers considered tricts of the Congo were visited, and at every stopping- are Newman and Martineau, representing the moral place sessions were held in which testimony was ist type ; Huxley, the scientist; Wordsworth, Keats, taken from all officials, agents, missionaries, and and Rossetti, the poet; Dickens, the novelist; Haz natives who presented themselves to make complaints litt and De Quincey, the vagabond. There is an or to furnish information, and also from scores of "outline scheme of reading for students,” and a persons specially summoned because supposed to drawing of the young Rossetti, made by himself. possess unusual knowledge of conditions. Hospitals, As a matter of fact, the title is justified only by a prisons, schools, missions, and plantations were vis- few personal anecdotes that preface each lecture. ited, and the search was carried relentlessly into the For the rest, the book is devoted to somewhat dis offices of government employees and the counting- cursive literary criticism of the usual kind. Mr. rooms of commercial agencies. The main topics Rickett quotes from Martineau the following sen taken up in the commission's report are the land tence, which fairly represents our experience with régime, taxation, military service, trade concessions, this volume (p. 31): “ True criticism seems to me depopulation, and the administration of justice. In the recorded struggle of the reader's mind into closer respect to all of these matters, numerous evils are .relations with an author whose intermittent bursts, pointed out: the arrogance of the Government in helpful as they are, still do not enable him clearly appropriating alleged vacant lands, the oppressive- to see his way.” Mr. Rickett has, we think, indulged ness of the labor tax, the terrorism and cruelty himself too far in the method of “intermittent bursts”; resulting from quasi-military expeditions, the exploi- le leaves with us no impression of a well-considered tation of the natives by agents of greedy commercial singleness of aim. His style is choppy and disquiet companies, and the lax jurisdiction of the territorial ing; he does not permit us, in FitzGerald's phrase, courts. Nevertheless, the conclusion of the report “ to sail before the wind over the surface of an even is that the twenty years which have elapsed since rolling eloquence.” The eccentric paragraph divi the creation of the Free State have witnessed a tre- sions contribute not a little to this effect, and for mendous improvement in conditions — an advance these the "colloquial form " adopted by the writer from gross barbarism to at least an outward confor- is not an excuse. Many of the “intermittent bursts," mity with the rules of civilization. The slave-trade however, really show a sense of values and a preci- has disappeared, cannibalism has been practically sion of imagery. “The curative influence attributed suppressed, and sacrifices of human beings have be- to light rays, from which heat rays have been come rare. The railroad, the telegraph, the postal excluded, suggests an analogy with the influence of system, the schools, churches, and hospitals, - all Wordsworth's work. The heat rays' of poetry find born of yesterday, — give the traveller the impres- little place in his calm, meditative muse; all that sion that he is in a land which has long enjoyed the can fever or distract has been eliminated. What blessings of western civilization rather than one remains is a beneficent focus of cool light” (p. 109). which but a quarter of a century ago was totally De Quincey's literary style is “ like the purple haze unknown and savage. It is the Commission's opinion of a summer evening, through which we dimly that, with the resources at its command, the Gov- apprehend the shape and contour of the scenery ernment of the Free State has achieved really re- surrounding, all things taking on a strange hue and markable things, and that it has but to continue its unsubstantiality" (p. 209). There are a few errors labors to bring about a satisfactory solution of the in matters of fact. The “Apologia ” was not New much-discussed Congo problem. 1906.] 211 THE DIAL scenes. Telling and Bible stories for the young. Success in the field of medicine is too A noble life any real value in these fields falls within the last in the service often measured, in this commercial forty years. Dr. Bliss sees great possibilities in of humanity. age, by extensive practice, exorbitant future exploration and excavations when made by fees, or spectacular surgery. The patient work of competent specialists.--A very different book is that the investigator in medical and sanitary science is of an Italian lady, Matilde Serao, “In the Country rewarded, if at all, by a living pittance, and his of Jesus” (Dutton), which takes its place in the discoveries attract but little public notice. Yet few lighter literature of its subject. Here we find many men add more to the safety and comfort of human unusual out-of-the-way things, seen by the keen eye life. No discovery in the field of medicine in recent of an experienced traveller, woven by a devout years has contributed so much to the safety of life Catholic Italian mind into an attractive and charm- and the stability of commerce, transportation, and ing narrative. At every point of interest — as, for industry, in the warm temperate and tropical climates, example, at Bethel or in Galilee, — the author has as that of Dr. Walter Reed, who first conclusively caught and recorded things that nine-tenths of the proved that the mosquito is the active agent in the travellers and writers would never see or think of transmission of that scourge of the South, the yellow mentioning. Devoutness, too, is found everywhere, fever. The story of “Walter Reed and Yellow except where the author attempts a bout with a Fever” (McClure, Phillips & Co.) has been written dragoman or a cunning impostor. Her picturesque by Dr. H. A. Kelly of Johns Hopkins University. narrative is illustrated by a few first-class half- Reed was a graduate of the University of Virginia, tones of some of the choicest scenes on the jour- and of medicine, at an early age; he was an army ney. The evident enthusiasm of the writer enlivens surgeon in the far Southeast for many years, and the whole story, and makes the reader feel like en- took up his scientific work relatively late in life. gaging quarters on the next steamer to Jaffa, that During the Spanish war the opportunity came to he too may be stirred by the same sights and him to carry out a series of critical experiments which proved beyond cavil that yellow fever is trans- ferable only by the bite of an infected mosquito or Everyone who is interested in the interpreting by transfusion of infected blood. The results of his religious instruction of children will discovery made it possible to stamp out yellow fever welcome Mrs. Houghton's "Telling in Cuba within a year, where it had been entrenched Bible Stories ” (Scribner). There are certainly few for centuries ; and to reduce the mortality and check subjects in which the need for help is greater; for the spread of the disease, and eventually to stamp even the most conscientious mother is often baffled, it out, in New Orleans, on the occasion of its last as Mrs. Houghton says, by the question, " Knowing invasion of this country. Methods of quarantine as I do that the Old Testament is not precisely such have been made doubly effective, and at the same a book as I was taught to think it, and not knowing time far less costly and disruptive of commerce and as yet precisely what sort of book it is, how shall Î travel, by reason of Dr. Reed's discovery. The story interpret it to my children?” Mrs. Houghton an- of his life reveals a man of the greatest fidelity to swers this question in a way likely to satisfy a'l but friends and duty, an heroic character, and an inspira- the most conservative. She believes in two broad tion to all who would serve humanity by a scientific principles, first, that the Old Testament, which is 6 the marvellous and accurate revelation of human study of the causes of the ills of men. Incidentally nature in all its elemental characteristics," is of the book gives a very full account of the long cam- paign of investigation waged against the yellow all books best adapted to the child, who is the true fever plague, and of the experiments which finally representative of the essential elements of human resulted in victory. nature; and, second, that the right method of telling Bible stories is not to insist upon their truth as a “The Development of Palestine Ex- Palestine matter of historic fact, but to ask what is their true on the surface ploration” (Scribner), by Dr. Fred- meaning. This, as Dr. Munger reminds us in his and beneath. erick Jones Bliss, the well-known excellent Introduction to the book, was the method explorer and lecturer, is an ambitious work covering of the Head-Master of Uppingham, who always said in small compass a large tract of history. Explora- to his boys, “Never mind whether the story is true tion, in the sense of excavation, is practically a or not; what does it mean?” Mrs. Houghton does modern idea. All earlier attempts to understand not re-tell many of the stories, but recommends ad- and interpret the country were superficial, and did herence to the Bible wording, since “poetic imagery not achieve any notable results. Renan and his con never puzzles the child until we begin to explain it temporaries began a closer study of objects and to him.” She classifies the stories into groups for ruins that pointed to the possibilities of larger things ; children of different ages a group of “Morning but the organization of the Palestine Exploration Stories” for the very little folk, of “Hero and Ro- Fund marked the first attempt to study scientifically mance Stories” for those next older, and of “Purpose the land of the Israelites. Excavations were begun Stories” for growing young people; and she inter- also on the site of Jerusalem, to ascertain facts re prets a large number of them in an interesting and garding the situation, size, and structure of the old suggestive way. It is a pity that so excellent a book city. Practically everything that has been done of has no index. 212 (Oct. 1, THE DIAL BRIEFER MENTION. is called by Mr. Lang “one of the best in fiction.” But who can recall without a shudder that horrible butch- A companion volume to his “Choice of Books" has ery, deliberately planned by the King's councillors, and been prepared by Mr. Frederic Harrison, and is en grimly executed by thirty foemen on a side within an titled “ Memories and Thoughts: Men, Books, Cities, enclosed space whence there was no escape except for Art.” The forty chapters of which it consists are partly the last survivor ? One feels that the great artist here autobiographical, and have a delightful width of scope, fails to realize what it is he is setting forth in such brave as indicated by the title. It is the fine tone, the genial colors. Interesting is the biographer's note that “in atmosphere, the rich suggestiveness, of Mr. Harrison's Conachar, who has drunk the milk of the white doe,' writings that attract the reader and win him over to the his foster mother, Scott expiates his extreme harshness cause of good literature. These attributes, rather than to a ne'er-do-well brother, who had shown the white any specific advice on the choice of books, will help to feather in the West Indies ” — and whom, except to keep the dust from settling on the classics on our library supply him with money, Sir Walter would have nothing shelves. To pursue a prescribed course of reading is to do with thereafter. labor and sorrow, and the wisdom of those who counsel such pursuit is foolishness, unless perhaps in the case of very young readers. The series of “Heroes of the Nations" (Putnam) must NOTES. of necessity include a biography of America's greatest “On Reading," an essay by Dr. Georg Brandes, hero, George Washington, and this has now appeared from the pen of a Virginian, Professor James A. Harri- which appeared some months ago as a contribution to the now defunct “ International Quarterly,” is published son. The book is written with enthusiasm for the subject, as a booklet by Messrs. Fox, Duffield, & Co. and for the state and the life therein during Washing- ton's time. But while it is interesting as a general The acquisitive impulse shows itself unmistakably in description of times and conditions, it lacks clearness the passion for collecting and collections. Some have and definiteness as a biography. It aims to portray the been known to find pleasure even in the collecting of patriot, soldier, statesman; it does show Washington as strings. Miss Carolyn Wells now adds to her collec- a patriot from his own letters as well as from his deeds, tions of the lighter forms of literature a “ Whimsey but it gives almost nothing about him as a soldier except Anthology," which will soon appear, to gladden the hearts of the whimsical. rhapsody, and passes over in a few scanty pages the fateful period of his presidency. Rhetorical descrip The question of the authorship of “Truth Dexter" tions abound, and there are digressions not a few; but and “ The Breath of the Gods" is now settled. “Sidney the portrait presented in the work is hazy and inade McCall” proves to be Mrs. Ernest F. Fenollosa. The quate in all that relates to Washington's public life. title-page of the novel, “The Dragon Painter," to be It is not long that university men have been giving published this month by Messrs. Little, Brown & Co., attention to the problems of the elementary school, but will bear the name of Mary McNeill Fenollosa as its author and as author of the other two books above in recent days the men of practical training are tak- named. ing up the discussion of school problems, and and essays addresses on educational subjects are becoming more “Experimental Physiology and Anatomy for High frequent. Thus university professors are coming to exert Schools,” by Mr. Walter Hollis Eddy, is a text-book the influence that they ought to exert both upon the prepared to cover the Harvard entrance requirements. school course and the spirit of the schools. Among the It is a publication of the American Book Co., from more sensible and practical of these is Professor Jere whom we have also “ Half Hours with Fishes, Reptiles, miah W. Jenks, who has put into a small volume under and Birds,” an “eclectic reading ” prepared by Profes- the title “Citizenship and the Schools ” (Holt) nine sor C. F. Holder, and Professor W. C. Morey's “Out- of the addresses and articles produced by him during lines of Ancient History' the last twenty years. The prominent thought of inost “ A Bibliography of the History of the United States of these papers is the training of children and young Navy," compiled by Mr. Charles T. Harbeck and re- people into a sense of their social obligation and civic vised and edited by Miss Agnes C. Boyle, has just been duty. Besides these we find “ Education for Commerce, privately printed by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. the Far East" that ought to be worth many thousands at the Riverside Press, in an edition of 350 copies. of dollars to the manufacturers and merchants of our This is said to be the first attempt to gather into book country; a theoretical “Critique of Educational Values”; form bibliographical material relating to the history of and an elaborate article on “School-book Legislation,” the United States Navy. written fifteen years ago when the subject was especially Statistics, which we know can prove anything, but prominent, but brought down to date. which in this instance appear not untrustworthy, have “ The Fair Maid of Perth," the last of Scott's really been compiled to show the fate of magazine publication good novels, is commended by Mr. Andrew Lang in his in Chicago — using the word “ magazine ” in a some- recent life of Sir Walter. Simon Glover's beautiful what elastic sense. Out of more than three hundred daughter, when she condescends to dismount from her periodicals started here, forty-nine per cent. lived but a high stilts, is very natural and human and winsome, as year or less, only a quarter of the number struggled on Mr. Lang says; but the poor girl is made to talk like a for five years, and no more than twelve per cent. are book, and a very correct and pious book too, almost now alive. Of these thirty-six, nearly half are under every time she opens her mouth. Scott's spirit of five years old. But a high rate of mortality – infant chivalry, which, as is well known, hindered any near mortality at that — is common among periodical publi- approach to realism in his treatment of his heroines, cations everywhere; and this is especially true in the here operates to the full. The clan combat in the story | early history of a community or a region. 1906.] 213 THE DIAL LIST OF NEW BOOKS. [The following list, containing 140 titles, includes books received by THE DIAL since its last issue.] Lincoln at Gettysburg : An Address. By Clark E. Carr. With portraits, 16mo, gilt top, pp. 92. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1. net. On Reading : An Essay. By George Brandes. 18mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 64. Duffield & Co. 75 cts. net. Stray Leaves. By Herbert Paul, M.P. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 307. John Lane Co. $1.50 net. The Quest of the Simple Life. By W. J. Dawson. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 278. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50. The Pursuit of Happiness. By George Hodges. With pho- togravure portrait, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 91. Doubleday, Page & Co. 75 cts. net. A Hundred Years Hence : The Expectations of an Optimist. By T. Baron Russell. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 312. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.50 net. The Duchess of Padua, and Salome. By Oscar Wilde. 12mo, gilt top uncut, pp. 60. F. M. Buckles & Co. Essay on the Creative Imagination. By Th. Ribot; trans. from the French by Albert H, N. 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The chance casting away of a party of Japanese on the Oregon coast many years ago inspired Ronald McDonald, a fully historical personage, to enact a similar drama in his own proper self with the characters and continents reversed. In Japan he was permitted to establish a school, and it was actually his pupils who acted as interpreters during the negotiations with Commodore Perry. Mrs. Dye learned her facts from McDonald's own lips, and only deferred publication until his papers finally reposed in her hands. WITH PICTURES BY WALTER J. ENRIGHT. $1.50. A. C. McCLURG & CO., PUBLISHERS, CHICAGO THE DIAL PRESS, FINE ARTS BUILDING, CHICAGO - LILARI, STATE COLLEGE, PENN. THE DIAL A SEMI- MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. EDITED BY FRANCIS F.. BROWNE Volume XLI. No. 488. CHICAGO, OCT. 16, 1906. 10 cts. a copy. $2.a year. { FINE ARTS BUILDING 203 Michigan Blvd. ORIGINAL IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT NARRATIVES OF EARLY AMERICAN HISTORY Each volume 8vo, cloth bound, about 450 pp., $3.00 net (postage extra). A series of volumes, the importance of which can hardly be overstated, to be prepared under the auspices of the AMERICAN HISTORICAL Association, and under the general editorship, as the representative of the Association, of J. FRANKLIN JAMESON, Ph.D., LL.D. The volumes are designed to provide scholars and other individual readers of history and the libraries of schools and colleges with a comprehensive and well-rounded collection of those classical narratives on which the early history of the United States is founded. READY NOW THE NORTHMEN, COLUMBUS, and CABOT, 985-1503 Voyages of the Northmen. Edited by Julius E. Olson, Professor of the Scandinavian Languages and Literatures in the University of Wisconsin. Voyages of Columbus and of John Cabot. Edited by Edward G. Bourne, Professor of History in Yale University. READY SHORTLY THE SPANISH EXPLORERS IN THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES, 1528-1543. Wanderings of Cabeza de Vaca. Edited by FREDERICK W. Hodge, Bureau of American Ethnology. Expedition of Hernando de Soto, by the Gentleman of Elvas. Edited by Theo. H. Lewis, of St. Paul. Expedition of Coronado, by Pedro de Castañeda. Edited by Frederick W. HODGE, of the Bureau of American Ethnology. EARLY ENGLISH VOYAGES, CHIEFLY OUT OF HAKLUYT, 1534-1607. Edited by Rev. Dr. Henry S. BURRAGE, of the Maine Historical Society. BY ITALIAN SEAS OLD CREOLE DAYS By Ernest C. Peixotro. By GEORGE W. CABLE. With numerous illustrations by the author. With illustrations by George Herter, reproduced in The delig ful account of a leisurely voyage in Dal- photogravure. matia, Tunis, Malta, the Riviera, Sicily, and Venice, A new and beautifully illustrated edition of this cele- written and illustrated with the greatest charm. brated book, one of the classics of American litera- $2.50 net (postage extra). ture. $2.50; full leather, boxed, $5.00. LIBERTY, UNION, AND LORDS AND LOVERS DEMOCRACY and Other Dramas By BARRETT WENDELL. By OLIVE TILFORD DARGAN. Four lectures on the National Ideals of America. Four plays by a dramatic poet of real genius and a Brilliant, suggestive, and finely written. Originally poetic gift in many respects unexampled in modern delivered at the Sorbonne. $1.25 net (postage 10 cts.). $1.50 net (postage extra). ON NEWFOUND RIVER By THOMAS NELSON PAGE Illustrated in color, $1.50. A delightful love story founded on his early story of the same name. The perfect expression of his great talent as a story-teller. CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS PUBLISHERS NEW YORK verse. 218 [Oct. 16, THE DIAL Books You Will Like to Own Famous American Songs By GUSTAV KOBBÉ Author of “ The Loves of Great Composers." Printed from special type designs at the Merrymount Press. With numerous illustrations. 12mo, cloth, $1.50 net. Limp leather, boxed, $2.50 net. [Postage 15 cents] This well-known musical critic presents an interesting account of our best “ Home, Sweet Home," Dixie," "The Star Spangled Banner," " Yankee Doodle," and others. These songs have become part of our national and home life; and every scrap of information about them deserves to be treasured. beloved songs JOHN HOWARD PAYNE Famous Actor Families in America By MONTROSE J. MOSES Printed in two colors. With 40 full-page illustrations from rare portraits and scenes, and new bibliography. 8vo, cloth, $2.00 net. [Postage 20 cents] Illuminating chapters by a brilliant dramatic critic, on the careers of the Booths, the Jeffersons, the Drews, the Sotherns, the Hollands, the Wallacks, the Boucicaults, and other noted families. The book is not alone of value to theatre-goers, but is also a genuine contribution to literature, historic and critical. EDWIN BOOTH NEW POCKET EDITIONS OF In Tune With the Infinite AND What All the World's A-Seeking By RALPH WALDO TRINE These two famous “ Life Books," which have sold by the tens of thou- sands and been widely translated, are now offered in dainty pocket size. They are finely made throughout, and bound in Japanese style for $1.25 each, or in silk for the same price. All the Year in the Garden A NATURE CALENDAR By ESTHER MATSON Special type designs. 12mo, cloth, $1.00 net. Limp leather, $1.50 net. [Postage roc.) A delightful series of out-door thoughts from great authors arranged for each day in the year. of nature books makes this attractive volume — done in special decorative type --- particularly timely. The vogue R. W. TRINE Crowell's Thin-Paper Poets Flexible leather binding. Photogravure frontispieces. Each book, boxed, $1.25. A decided novelty is this thin-paper edition of great poets. The books are clearly printed from large type on an opaque Bible paper which carries a firm impress and yet bulks only about one-third the thickness of ordinary books. These dainty little volumes are, in fact, only 434 x 7/4 inches, and half an inch thick. The list comprises the complete works of Burns, Keats, Scott and Shelley, and selections from R. BROWNING, Longfellow, Tennyson, and WHITTIER each in single volumes. SEND FOR FREE ILLUSTRATED BOOK LIST THOMAS Y. CROWELL & CO., 426-8 West Broadway, NEW YORK 1906.] 219 THE DIAL PUTNAM'S NEW BOOKS THE LAST RIDE TOGETHER By ROBERT BROWNING. With Six Full-Page Photogravure Illustrations and Headpieces Engraved on Wood by F. S. Coburn. Very handsomely printed in colors. Crown 8vo. $1.75. Large Paper Edition printed on genuine Japan vellum, limited to 100 copies, net, $5.00. REMINISCENCES OF BISHOPS AND ARCHBISHOPS By HENRY CODMAN POTTER, Bishop of New York. 8vo. With 13 Portraits in Photogravure. $2.00. THE OHIO RIVER ROMANCE OF THE A Course of Empire The Best New Novels ITALIAN VILLAS By ARCHER B. HULBERT, By ELIZABETH W. Author of “Historic High- CHAMPNEY. ways of America," etc. A SPINNER IN THE SUN Author of " Romance of the 8vo. 100 illustrations. Bourbon Chateau," etc. By MYRTLE REED. Crown 8vo. $1.50 net. Net, $3.50. A delightful blending of history, art, and romance. A consecutive narrative THE SAINT (Il Santo) Fully carries out Guizot's of the most important his- By A. FOGAZZARO. Crown 8vo. $1.50. suggestion: “If you are fond toric incidents connected of romance, read history." with the river, combined with descriptions of some 8vo. With 9 Photogravures, THE SWORD OF WEALTH 1 Colored, and 44 other Illus- of its most picturesque By HENRY W. THOMAS. Crown 8vo. $1.50. trations. Net, $3.00. scenery and delightful ex- cursions into its legendary THE MAN OF PROPERTY CATHEDRALS AND lore. CLOISTERS OF THE By JOHN GALSWORTHY. Crown 8vo. $1.50. SOUTH OF FRANCE ON THE GREAT A SON OF THE PEOPLE By AMERICAN ELISE WHITLOCK ROSE. By BARONESS ORCZY. Crown 8vo. $1.50. PLATEAU With Photogravure and 200 other Illustrations from Ori- By THE SHOCK OF BATTLE ginal Photographs by Vida T. MITCHELL PRUDDEN. Hunt Francis, and a Map. Wanderings a mong By PATRICK Vaux. Frontispiece. 2 Volumes, 8vo. Net, $5.00. Canyons and Buttes in the Crown 8vo. $1.50. Deals with the cathedrals Land of the Cliff-Dweller of the provinces of Provence, and the Indian of to-day. No. 101 Languedoc, and Gascony, Crown, 8vo, with 68 orig- By WYMOND CAREY. Illustrated. presenting many fresh and inal illustrations and a map. Crown 8vo. $1.50. interesting side-lights on the history of these most fasci- Net, $2.00. nating structures. THE HEART OF HAMLET'S PRINCESSES AND COURT MYSTERY LADIES By KARL WERDER. Translated by ELIZABETH By ARVÉDE BARINE, author of “ LA GRANDE WILDER. Introduction by W. J. ROLFE. MADEMOISELLE,” ETC. An extraordinary piece of German criticism, The stories of several ladies who played impor- which must now be regarded as one of the land tant roles in the great world. Full of romantic marks of the literature devoted to the study of the interest, vividly picturesque and written with easy Prince of Denmark. Crown 8vo. $1.50 net. grace and vivacity. 8vo. Illustrated. Net, $3.00. SHELBURNE ESSAYS DAVID GARRICK AND HIS FOURTH SERIES. BY PAUL ELMER MORE. CONTENTS: The Vicar of Morwenstow, Fanny CIRCLE Burney, A Note on “ Daddy” Crisp, George Her- By MRS. CLEMENT PARSONS. bert, John Keats, Benjamin Franklin, Charles A life of the greatest of English actors, a record Lamb Again, Walt Whitman, William Blake, The of his triumphs, a study of his methods, and also a Letters of Horace Walpole, The Theme of Para broad picture of the social life of the day. dise Lost. Crown 8vo. Net, $1.25. 8vo. 32 illustrations. Net, $2.75. New York G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS London 220 [Oct. 16, THE DIAL Important Historical Publications DOCUMENTARY HISTORY OF RECONSTRUCTION Political, Military, Social, Religious, Educational, and Industrial. Documents edited by WALTER L. FLEMING, Ph.D. With facsimiles, 2 vols.,large 8vo, about 1000 pp., cloth, uncut, gilt tops, per set $10.00 net. "It is certainly a most interesting and important plan.” — WOODROW WILSON. AUDUBON'S (J. W.) WESTERN JOURNAL: 1849-1850 Being the MS. record of a trip from New York to Texas, and an overland journey through Mexico and Arizona to the gold-fields of California. Edited by Prof. F. H. HODDER, with memoir by M. R. AUDUBON. Printed on deckle edged paper, with map and plates, 8vo, 250 pp., cloth, uncut, $3.00 net. "There are incident and anecdote, pulsing bits of adventure, scenic description and bits of philosophical musings scattered through the pages. In addition to this the journal has its distinct scientific value."-Chicago Evening Post. FORDHAM'S PERSONAL NARRATIVE Of travels in Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky; and of a Residence in the Illinois Territory: 1817-1818. Edited by Prof. F. A. OGG. Printed on special paper, with plates, 8vo, 248 pp., cloth, uncut, $3.00 net. An artless but convincing narrative of life in what we now call the Middle West, but was then the very ragged edge of civilization." - The Dial. THE HISTORIC HIGHWAYS OF AMERICA A series of monographs on the History of America as portrayed in the evolution of its highways of War, Commerce, and Social Expansion. By ARCHER B. HULBERT. With maps and illustrations, 16 vols., crown 8vo, cloth, uncut, gilt tops, printed on Dickinson's hand-made paper, price, vols. 1 and 2, $2.00 net each; vols. 3 to 16, $2.50 net each. The fruit not only of the study of original historical sources in documents found here and in England, but of patient and enthusiastic topographical studies, in the course of which every foot of these old historic highways has been traced and traversed.”. ." - The Living Age, MAGELLAN'S VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD By ANTONIO PIGAFETTA. Original Italian (Ambrosian MS.), with page-for-page translation and notes by J. A. ROBERTSON. With plates, limited edition, 350 sets only, 3 vols., large 8vo, cloth, uncut, gilt tops, per set $7.50 net. “By far the best and fullest account of the expedition." -GUILLEMARD. "We have nothing but praise for this interesting and learned work. Pigafetta brings before you with astounding vividness all that he saw and heard, and he makes the most fantastic stories perfectly credible." - London Spectator. MORGA'S HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS From their discovery by Magellan in 1521 to the beginning of the XVII. century, with descriptions of Japan, China, and adjacent countries. Translated and edited by E. H. BLAIR and J. A. ROBERTSON. Limited edition of 250 copies, with facsimiles, 2 vols., large 8vo, cloth, uncut, gilt tops, per set $7.50 net. The most valuable of the early sources on Philippine history and the customs of the natives." - American Historical Review, EARLY WESTERN TRAVELS: 1748-1846 A Series of Annotated Reprints of some of the best and rarest contemporary Travels, descriptive of the Aborigines and Social and Economic Conditions in the Middle and Far West during the Period of Early American Settlement. Edited and annotated by Dr. R. G. THWAITES. With maps and plates, 31 vols., large 8vo, cloth, uncut, gilt tops, price $4.00 net per volume, except the Atlas which is $15.00 net. “A set which all libraries of any consideration should certainly possess for the convenience of students who wish to study these most important documents in the civilization of the great West." - The Literary World. PITTMAN'S MISSISSIPPI SETTLEMENTS Re-issue, with notes, of this exceedingly rare work published in London, 1770. Edited by Prof. F. H. HODDER. Limited edition of 500 numbered copies, handsomely printed in large type on deckle edged paper, with numerous folding maps and plans, large 8vo, cloth, uncut, gill top, price $3.00 net. An authority of the highest importance." - WINSOR. Prices in every case include delivery prepaid. FULL DESCRIPTIVE CIRCULARS MAY BE HAD ON APPLICATION The Arthur H. Clark Company, Cleveland, Ohio 1906.] 221 THE DIAL THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS RECENT BOOKS The Silver Age of the Greek World. By John PentLAND MAHAFFY. 490 pages, small 8vo, cloth. Net $3.00, postpaid $3.17. Hebrew Life and Thought. By Louise Seymour Houghton. 390 pages, 12mo, cloth. Net $1.50, postpaid $1.65. The Social Ideals of Alfred Tennyson as Related to His Time. By WILLIAM C. GORDON. 266 pages, 12mo, cloth. Net $1.50, postpaid $1.61. The Legislative History of Naturalization in the United States. By FRANK GEORGE FRANKLIN. 330 pages, 12mo, cloth. Net $1.50, postpaid $1.63. The Finality of the Christian Religion. By George Burman Foster. 530 pages, 8vo, cloth. Net $4.00, postpaid $4.22. The Ancient Records of Egypt. By JAMES HENRY Breasted. In four volumes. $15.00 per set. Carriage 20 cents additional for each volume. A sepa- rate index volume is in preparation. Russian Reader. By SAMUEL Northrup HARPER. 400 pages, 8vo, cloth. Net $3.00, postpaid $3.20. The Theory of Education in the Republic of Plato. By the late Prof. R. L. NETTLESHIP of Cambridge University. 150 pages, small 8vo. Railway Organization and Working. Edited by EARNEST R. DEWSNUP. 500 pages, small 8vo, cloth. Net $2.00, postpaid $2.15. Homeric Vocabularies. By EDGAR J. GOODSPEED and William B. OWEN. 62 pages, small 8vo. Net 50 cents. postpaid 53 cents. Egyptian Antiquities in the Pier Collection. By GARRETT Pier. 50 pages, royal 8vo. Net $4.00. FORTHCOMING BOOKS The New Appreciation of the Bible. By W. C. Selleck. 450 pages. The Development of Western Civilization. By J. Dorsey FORREST. 500 pages. 8vo. A Genetic History of the New England Theology. By F. Hugh Foster. 450 pages, large 8vo. Practical Exercises in Microscopical Methods. By M.F. Guyer. 250 pages, small 8vo. A Manual for Teachers of Children. By GEORGIA L. CHAMBERLIN and MARY R. KERN. Volume I., First Grade, 150 pages, 8vo. The Life of Jesus. By Herbert W. Gates. A Short History of the Apostolic Age. By GEORGE H. GILBERT. 250 pages, 8vo. Index Volume to James Breasted's Ancient Records of Egypt. 120 pages, 8vo. DEPARTMENT 20 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS 12mo. CHICAGO NEW YORK 222 [Oct. 16, THE DIAL IMPORTANT FALL PUBLICATIONS Twenty Years in Paris By ROBERT H. SHERARD A volume of reminisences of a literary life in the French capital Large 8vo, cloth, gilt and gilt top. Illustrated with portraits, etc. Price, $4.00 net. The Battles of Labor By CARROLL D. WRIGHT, LL.D., former U. S. Commissioner of Labor. Healthy in tone, sane, rational, and non-partisan ; its historical portions especially are intensely interesting. A vast amount of information is clearly set forth in as few words as possible. 12mo, cloth. Price, $1.00 net Model Factories and Villages By BUDGETT MEAKIN A singularly complete survey of what has been done in recent years in certain establishments to improve the material conditions under which work is done in large factories. Large 12mo, cloth. With over 200 illustrations. Price, $2.00 net. Haeckel: His Life and Work By WILHELM BOLSCHE This book shows a wide-spread interest in the remarkable career and personality of the famous biologist. Large 8vo, cloth, with colored frontispiece and 12 other illustrations. Price, $4.00 net. Sir Henry Irving A Biography By PERCY FITZGERALD The only serious and complete account of Sir Henry Irving which has appeared. Large 8vo, cloth. With photogravure frontispiece and 35 other illustrations. Price, $3.00 net. Carthage and Tunis By DOUGLAS SLADEN Interesting descriptions of two old cities remarkable for their antiquity and historic associations. Large 8vo, cloth. Price $6.00 net. Siberia A Record of Travel, Climbing, and Exploration By SAMUEL TURNER, F.R.G.S. A more exhaustive and more interesting account of Siberia has rarely seen the light. Large 8vo, cloth. With more than 100 illustrations and 2 maps. Price, $6.00 net. On Art and Artists By MAX NORDAU A comprehensive and unconventional view of the devel- opment of modern art. Large 12mo, cloth. Price, $2.00 net. The Literary History of Philadelphia By ELLIS PAXSON OBERHOLTZER, Ph.D. 8vo, cloth. With over 200 illustrations and portraits. Special edition of 100 copies. Price, $10.00 net. Limited edition of 1000 copies. Price, $3.00 net. The Rambles of an Idler By CHARLES C. ABBOTT, M.D. A congenial companion for a walk afield or a ramble through the woods. 12mo, cloth. Price, $1.50 net. The Heart of a Garden By Mrs. MARRIOTT WATSON Consists of a brilliant series of word pictures, each suited to the varying season. Royal 8vo, cloth. Numerous fine plates. Price, $2.00 net. The “Pope” of Holland House a By LORD COLERIDGE An interesting series of family memoirs enhanced in value by the reproduction of many treasured letters. Large 8vo, cloth. Illustrated. Price, $4.50 net. By LADY SEYMOUR Based on a collection of early 19th century letters by and to John Wishaw between 1806 and 1840. Large 8vo, cloth. Illustrated. Price, $3.00 net. PUBLISHED BY GEORGE W. JACOBS & CO. 1216 WALNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA 1906.] 223 THE DIAL THE PUBLISHING EVENT OF THE YEAR: KIPLING'S Puck of Pook's Hill “ It does not matter that this is a book of stories for children. We should like to see the grown reader who could resist its charm. The old craft is at work, the old glamour is thrown over every page."—N. Y. Tribune. Illustrated in color by Arthur RACKHAM. $1.50. AROUND THE WORLD “Of all the modes of travel, what can be more delightful, more satisfying, more safe in every way, than travel in one's own library?” asks James Baldwin. Our Fall List is remarkable for its books of travel. “Safe in every way,” you can go as far north as civilized man has ever dared; you can see and chat with the world's greatest inventors; intimate glimpses can you get of musicians, artists, leaders of society, His Holiness the Pope, and the Royal family of Italy; Koreans, their manners, peculiarities, and complete history, are brought before you in interesting description ; and finally, you can ex- perience the thrills of Reconstruction time and live the charming life of " befo' de wah” days in Virginia. All this, and more, in the following books: Glimpses of Italian Court Life By TRYPHOSA B. BATCHELLER A sumptuous gift book. 56 illustrations in color, photogra- vure, and half tone. Net, $4.80 (postage 48 cents.) Vellum de luxe, Net, $10.00; postage extra. Dem Good Ole Times By Mrs. JAMES H. DOOLEY 16 illustrations in color and about 40 decorations. Boxed, $2.00. Inventors at Work By GEORGE ILES Author of " Flame, Electricity and the Camera." Illustrated. $2.75 postpaid. Fighting the Polar Ice By ANTHONY FIALA Copyrighi, 1906, by Tryphosa B. Batcheller THE DUCHESS VISCONTI DI MODRONE. Very remarkable series of photographs and color plates. $4.18 postpaid. The Passing of Korea By HOMER B. HULBERT Elaborately illustrated froin photographs. $4.18 postpaid. Dixie After the War By MYRTA LOCKETT AVARY 32 illustrations from paintings and rare photographs. $3.03 postpaid. SOME GOOD NOVELS The Leader The romantic career of a noble-minded candidate. MARY DILLON Anthony Overman By the author of " In the Bishop's Carriage,” MIRIAM MICHELSON The Incomplete Amorist Third large printing. E. NESBIT Confessions to a Heathen Idol A mature love story. MARIAN LEE COU