nters.
benefits our forefathers derived from the box-seat In recent years — since about 1900--Mr. Selous
of a diligence or a post-chaise."
has limited his expeditions largely to British North
The four “ parts” of Mrs. Grace Gallatin Seton's
America, in Central Canada, Newfoundland, and the
book bearing the title “Nimrod's Wife” narrate the
Yukon Country, where he has hunted for specimens
adventures, both and
grave
of fine heads of the moose, caribou, and wild sheep.
of herself and hus-
gay,
band, with their companions, in the Sierras, the
His latest book, "Recent Hunting Trips in British
North America," is made up of transcripts from
Rockies, on the Ottawa, and in Norway. In a
his diaries which were written nightly over the
prefatory note Mrs. Seton says: "The events herein
recorded really happened, although some latitude
camp-fire. One would very naturally expect that
has been taken as to time and place; and one
such trips would fairly bristle with thrilling adven-
tures ; but such is not the manner of Mr. Selous's
experience may seem to follow fast upon another,
narrative, nor is his method of hunting big game of
because, necessarily, the best of all has been omitted
such a nature that it invites a breath-holding nar-
-the glorious succession of eventless days when
one was content to be alive and care-free.” This
rative. Mr. Selous's preparations for his hunts are
so orderly, his stalking is so business-like, and his
happily-phrased note disarms the critic, who other-
wise might question the plausible rapid-fire incidents
results are generally so workmanlike, that the reader
which occur in breathless succession. To read of
will often pause to wonder where the sport comes
in. But Mr. Selous is not a parlor sportsman, nor
Mrs. Seton's adventures in the Sierras, where she
began her outing by making a burlesque plunge hunting in high favor in Newfoundland, where the
is he a believer in batteau hunting - a form of
into an icy-cold pool whose only other occupant was a
caribou are shot in hundreds from ambush in their
writhing water-snake, and then to visit a hut with
a frantic woman whose husband lay dead there, to
semi-annual migrations across the land. Rather,
have an exciting time with a Mexican sheep-herder
he prefers to take a canoe, a guide, and some neces-
whose ill-treated dog had wisely followed the author's
saries, penetrate the game-haunted forests far from
party (the dog which ultimately saved the party from
the beaten paths of wanton skin-hunters, and there
a Juggernaut-like assault from a bull) down to the
select and kill a few old male animals with good
account of a tiny field-mouse whose efforts to escape
heads which will serve as mementoes and specimens.
from the heavy canvass on which the rubber bed
To kill the female, unless for food supply, meets his
rested caused the author to imagine and to suffer the
disapproval. That the author can let game go
thought that the sneaking insinuating motion was
unmolested, is shown by this story of a caribou doe
and fawn:
made by a rattlesnake, to read of all these inci-
dents is to know that Mrs. Seton's preface was war-
- When I first saw the deer they were about one hundred
ranted, and, indeed, necessary.
“ In the Rockies”
and fifty yards away; and as the wind was blowing down.
stream they could not possibly scent me, so I sat down on a
contains an interesting account of a ride through a rock and waited for them. They came slowly along, picking
burning forest and it occurred on the Fourth of their way amongst the stones. . . . I sat in full view, about
July! Another chapter in the same part tells about midway between the bank and the water, holding my rifle
a fantastic Fantail Ghost and a Jack Rabbit Dance,
across my knees, and remained absolutely motionless.
The doe never noticed me at all, and I am sure never
both capitally told and charmingly illustrated. “On
the Ottawa contains a good story of the author's
on which I was sitting. She passed slowly between me and
fishing for the muscallonge. Her adventures in the bank, and at one time was certainly not four feet away
Norway were confined to kodak-hunting for rein-
from me.
The fawn walked right onto me, and when its
deer. Whatever mental reservations we may make
nose was almost touching my knees, must have smelt me, as
regarding the quick succession of adventures of Mrs.
it stopped, and stood looking into my face with its nostrils
Seton, we can unreservedly praise her for her quick aside, and walking past me rejoined its mother, without,
twitching. I remained perfectly still, and it then turned
wit and catching humor, for her thorough-going however, seeming to have taken alarm.”
sportsman-like manner, and for the literary graces
Such a picture reveals much — the wonderful con-
of good composition. The illustrations, too, made by
trol of the hunter, the unsuspicious nature of the
Mr. Walter King Stone and the author's husband, animals, and a golden opportunity for the hunter
Mr. Ernest Thompson Seton, are in pleasing har-
with a kodak. But Mr. Selous is not a kodak
mony with the spirit and the purpose of the book.
hunter. He frankly admits that the telling shot
A story goes that Mr. F. C. Selous, the famous which bags the game is the sport that appeals to
English hunter of big game, was nicknamed him. He does admire the 16
poor brute" in his


1907.]
213
THE DIAL
a
natural surroundings, but he cannot withhold the
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
shot which will add a “good head”— to be measured
in inches and to be counted in points — to his col-
The development
Professor George P. Baker's “ De-
lection or to the museum at South Kensington. of Shakespeare velopment of Shakespeare as
as a dramatist.
“Ten thousand years of superficial and unsatisfying civ-
Dramatist” (Macmillan) is a sane
ilization have not altered the fundamental nature of man, and and well-considered attempt to set forth, somewhat
the successful hunter of to-day becomes a primeval savage, more fully than has hitherto been attempted, the
remorseless, triumphant, full of a wild exultant joy, which
conditions that governed Shakespeare's growth in
none but those who have lived in the wilderness and de-
the technique of dramatic art, and the problems
pended upon their success as hunters for their daily food
can ever know or comprehend."
which the great dramatist had to meet and solve in
Our two quotations reveal, we think, the two sides of
pursuing his high vocation of dramatic poet while at
the author the nature-lover and the head-hunter.
the same time satisfying the eager theatre-goers
of his day. Professor Baker's experience as an
The very title of Captain F. C. Dickinson's book,
amateur stage-manager has been useful to him in
“ Big Game Shooting on the Equator,” leads the studying the details of the Elizabethan stage; and
reader to anticipate some thrilling tales of adventure, his chapter on this subject throws a good deal of
records of some remarkable shots, accounts of hair- light on a subject attended with many difficulties,
breadth escapes, and some worthy descriptions of but of greater importance than students of Shake-
natural scenery in ever-wonderful Africa. None
speare's art used to think. He rightly emphasizes
of these virtues, however, distinctly mark Captain the fact that the Elizabethans went to the theatre
Dickinson's volume. Were it not for the excellent
to see and hear a story told ; that Shakespeare,
illustrations, and for the summaries of the game therefore, as an ambitious playwright had to make
regulations of the British East African Protectorate it his chief business to tell a good story well, and
and the German East African Protectorate, the book to meet the gradually shifting demands of a public
would have but little intrinsic value. The author
which in a sense may be said to have been growing,
does not give a connected story of his hunting expe-. like himself, though at a great distance, in dramatic
ditions, nor does he narrate many single adventures taste; and that Shakespeare's plays must be judged
in following his sport. In brief, the volume is
by the standards of their day and not ours. Bearing
largely a note-book of observations on the various
these facts in mind, we shall worry less over the
species of game, their habitat, appearance, size, color, naming of plays like “ Julius Cæsar” and “The
habits, and head measurements, jotted down in the Merchant of Venice,” and in general shall keep a
curtest and most uninteresting terms imaginable. point of view from which we shall be much better
Should
any hunter of big game anticipate a sporting able to judge of Tudor dramatic effects and values.
pilgrimage to Africa, however, Captain Dickinson's
If the more subtle effects of dramatic situations are
book will offer him some additional information on
constantly dwelt upon and emphasized by Professor
the rarer kinds of game in the East African country. Baker, we are not inclined to quarrel with him
Mrs. Mary Mead Clark, in her book entitled
for this : for while it is doubtless true that Shake-
“A Corner in India," tells of the missionary work speare could not have thought of them all while he
of her husband and herself among the natives of the
was writing his plays, still, who shall say which of
Naga Hills in Upper Burma. They lived among
these effects he may not have thought of and which
those strange people in the high hills from 1868 to he may not have unconsciously, but instinctively and
1901, at which time Mrs. Clark returned to her just as surely, prepared for? It may be said that
American home with Dr. Clark, who later returned very few would feel all or any of these impressions ;
to his charge. Such a long period of residence in
but this is not the point. If any persons may be
that little-known corner of the world would naturally
considered to have felt them, they are not negligible.
bring Mrs. Clark into contact with many interesting
The book throws more light on Shakespeare's intel-
stories of the home life of the savages in Burma, of
lectual and artistic development than many others
their life at work and at play, their worship and
written with less regard for external conditions and
strange legends, their relationships with neighboring
for the part other playwrights played in preparing
villages, and, above all, their slow acceptance of the
the way for Shakespeare. The illustrations, repre-
Christian faith offered to them by the zealous mis-senting Elizabethan London and the theatres of that
sionaries. All these diversified stories Mrs. Clark time, are most valuable.
relates in a simple, unaffected, and pleasing style,
The chief difficulty which confronts
Anthologies for
and her book is consequently of interest both to the
the student of the teacher of English literature is
casual reader who likes to know about strange English poetry. that of persuading his students to do
people in remote nooks of the world, and to those
enough reading to make profitable the use of the
readers who are vitally concerned about the spread
historical and critical manual with which they are
of the Christian religion. Unlike many books writ- provided. If they confine themselves to the text-
ten by missionaries, this one is illustrated with good book, their work remains fruitless as far as its real
reproductions of excellent photographs.
objects are concerned, and they get nothing more
H. E. COBLENTZ. from it than a mass of facts and formulæ of slight
..


214
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
educational value, most of which are speedily for use for frequent reference, and also it seems some-
gotten. But the reading which they need is not what out of proportion to make a translation not
easy to procure. Few of them have the books at only cost practically the same per volume as the
home, and if they are sent to the school library, or entire work in the original, but also to increase the
to the public library, there may be fifty of them number of volumes from two to three. The work
trying to get the same book at the same time. The was reviewed at some length in THE DIAL upon
exceptional student will doubtless contrive, in spite
the
appearance of the first volume of the translation.
of all difficulties, to do a considerable amount of At that time its rank as the best and probably the
collateral reading, but the average student will give definitive Goethe biography was recognized. It is
up
the task as too onerous, and miss the main pur therefore necessary to speak at this time only of the
pose of his study. Frankly, there seems to be no technical excellence of the translation. In general
way out of the difficulty save by providing each it seems that here there is a marked improvement;
student with an abundant supply of literature for it is very faithful and at the same time the English
his own private use. In the case of poetry, at least, is usually free from the influence of the foreign
this is not an insuperable difficulty, for enough idiom. Occasionally the rendering does not allow
poetry can be got into a single volume to be worth for the difference in the connotation of the same
while, and, if printed with due economy, the volume word in the two languages. Thus in speaking of the
need be neither bulky nor expensive. Two volumes poet's visit to a horse-fair to buy horses, Bielschowsky
have recently come to us having precisely this object employed the somewhat pedantic expression that
in view ; in other words, being intended to be small this belonged "zur menschlichen Physiognomie des
libraries of poetry in themselves. Professor J. M. Olympiers.” The thought is that the act in question
Manly's “English Poetry,” published by Messrs. was characteristic of the purely human phase of the
Ginn & Co., gives us, in double-columned pages, poet's exalted nature. Whatever may
be said of
something like fifty thousand lines of the best and the German, the literal rendering, “to the human
most representative English poetry, ranging all the physiognomy of the Olympian,” is practically mean-
way from the “Ormulum to Mr. Swinburne. ingless. In speaking of “Iphigenie auf Tauris
There are practically no notes, except a few of also, the line concluding the great appeal of the
glossarial character, although there is a brief his priestess to the king,
“ Verdirb uns
wenn du
torical introduction to the collection. The poetical darfst,” is rendered, “ Destroy us if thou dare."
drama is necessarily excluded, but all other types This contradicts the very thought of a supreme ap-
are represented, and, except in the case of a few peal to “moral principles," upon which the author
very long poems, the examples are given complete. is commenting. The verb dürfen almost never
The other volume of which we now make mention means dare, and here, as the allusion to divine
pro-
is the “ English Poems,” edited by Professor W. C. tection shows, the meaning is, “ if thou mayest,” or,
Bronson, and published at the University of Chicago “ if it is permitted thee.” However, as already
Press. This volume, which extends to about twenty said, the translation is in general exceedingly good,
thousand lines, includes only poets of the nineteenth and Professor Cooper deserves the hearty thanks of
century, as the editor intends to prepare three other the large number of admirers of Goethe, for whom
volumes for the earlier periods. Professor Bronson reading the original would have been an appalling
also finds room for about a hundred pages of critical or an impossible task.
and bibliographical notes. These two works, pub-
lished at a moderate price, should be warmly wel-
“If the unresponsive gods, so often
comed as adjuncts to the work of teaching English
seldom complaisant,
in ideal form.
literature in both colleges and secondary schools.
would grant me one sweet boon,"
writes Miss Agnes Repplier in her introduction to
The second volume of Bielschow-
Volume two of
the new edition of James Howell's "Familiar Let-
the definitive sky's Life of Goethe (Putnam), ters," " I should ask of them that I might join that
life of Goethe.
translated by Professor William A. little band of authors, who, unknown to the wide
Cooper of Leland Stanford Junior University, has careless world, remain from generation to genera-
recently appeared. It covers the period from tion the friends of a few fortunate readers. These
Goethe's Italian journey to the War of Liberation, authors grow very shabby as the years roll by, and
1788-1815, comprising the last two chapters of the sometimes -- though rarely - a sympathetic pub-
first volume and the first twelve of the second of lisher turns his attention from the whirling vortex
the German edition. Thick paper, clear print, wide of new books, and gives them a fresh outfit; pre-
margins, and the other accessories that belong to sents them if he has a generous soul with the
the making of a fine book have been employed, as clearest of type, the finest of paper, the richest and
before, to make an imposing volume. It is, how most appropriate of bindings." It is this sort of
ever, almost a source of regret that the publishers new outfit” that Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
have in this way increased the cost of the book. A have provided for the “ Familiar Letters.” The
thinner paper of equally good quality would have edition is in two volumes, beautifully printed, and
made it possible to retain the two volumes of the bound very simply in terra-cotta boards, with leather
original. This would certainly have facilitated its back and label, in a fashion to please the “fortunate
Howell's Letters invoked, so
66


1907.]
215
THE DIAL
Elizabethan
sea-rover.
few,” of whom Miss Repplier speaks, who have ciently comprehensive. If his formula be accepted,
long known and loved the “ Letters,” and who will the square must be considered the most harmonious
be glad to own them in so dignified and suitable a of all rectangular shapes. The omission of all con-
dress. Such persons need no introduction to the sideration of proportion is, we think, a serious defect.
“ Letters," whether critical or biographical ; indeed Though Dr. Ross's book is a notable contribution to
any but Miss Repplier's they would find superfluous the literature of æsthetics, the last word upon
the
or even intrusive. But Miss Repplier's introduc- subject is not yet said. Nevertheless, what he has
tions are never superfluous ; they re-kindle half written is worthy of most thoughtful consideration.
forgotten enthusiasms, suggest fresh points of view, | As he aptly remarks, “We must not believe that
flash light upon fugitive personalities, show old facts appreciation is easy. ... The spontaneity of unde-
with new faces, - put one, in short, in just the right veloped faculty does not count for much. It carries
mood for either the leisurely enjoyment of an old us only a little way. Let no one believe that with-
friend or the delightful discovery of a new one. out study and practice in Design he can recognize
Out of deference, perhaps, to Miss Repplier's well and appreciate what is best in Design.”
known antipathy for the omnipresent note, the
“ Letters” have been left to speak for themselves, Life og an
That so picturesque a figure as Sir
John Hawkins should have remained
and surely no reader will pine for erudite guidance
hitherto all but neglected by bio-
through the maze of curious anecdote, lively narra-
tive, and characteristically intimate comment and graphers is remarkable. Short accounts of him we
reflection which Howell has constructed, writing
do have in certain collected biographies, such as
always crisply and lucidly, in accordance with his Southey’s “Lives of the British Admirals,” and in
the Transactions of the Devonshire Association, as
belief that a letter should be “short-coated and
closely couch'd” and should not preach but episto- but nothing like a detailed biography had appeared
well as in Froude’s and other histories of England;
lize.” The photogravure frontispieces of the new
until the issue of Mr. R. A. J. Walling's book
edition reproduce respectively the original frontis-
piece for the 1678 edition of the “ Letters” and a
entitled “A Sea-Dog of Devon" (John Lane Co.).
And even this is not offered as a sufficiently full
contemporary portrait of Howell, which was en-
graved for the first edition of one of his more pre-
story of the famous mariner's adventures, but rather
An
tentious but less enduring works, “ A Discourse
as “a suggestion toward a detailed “Life.'”
Introduction is contributed by Lord Brassey and
Concerning the Precedency of Kings.”
Mr. John Leyland, who assign as
one of the
An addition to
An American student of the laws
author's motives in undertaking the work a desire
the literature
• to vindicate his hero from the charge of having
of design as related to beauty, Dr.
of Æsthetics.
Denman W. Ross, who has devoted
inaugurated the British slave trade.” The author
himself declares that “John Lok, an Englishman,
many years to it, during which he taught classes
in composition of line, space, and color, at his home visiting the West Coast for ivory and gold-dust some
in Cambridge, and has lectured on the theory of
ten years earlier, is entitled to the honour.” But
design at Harvard University, now sets forth in
that is little to the purpose. Hawkins, as contem-
“ A Theory of Pure Design " (Houghton) the con-
porary
State Papers and other evidence prove, was
clusions at which he has arrived. The book has been
early in the field and made himself conspicuous
there.
long in preparation, and deserves more extended
As a young man he learned “that negroes
comment than can here be given it. It is “a con-
were very good merchandise in Hispaniola, and that
tribution to science rather than to art,” though it they might easily be had upon the coast of Guinea.”
should prove a manual of decided value to designers
The author admits all this, but urges in defense that
who care to go into the raison d'être of the effects
if his hero was not a humanitarian, he lived in an
for which they strive. Starting out with definitions
unhumanitarian age, and after all there were others
of the orders of harmony, balance, and rhythm, pro-
worse than he. Every account of him,” he goes
gress is by carefully ordered steps, each illustrated
so far as to assert, “makes Hawkins a man of large
by diagrams, which, it is perhaps well to explain,
heart and generous sympathies." Yet in “ Purchas,
are not to be considered as designs, their only func-
his Pilgrimage,” it is maintained by “R. M.” (sup-
tion being to elucidate the author's meaning. It is posed to be Sir Robert Mansell), who claims to have
not with designs, but with the basis of all design,
known Hawkins personally, that “he had malice
that he deals. Great pains have been taken with
with dissimulation, rudeness in behaviour, and was
the terminology, and every statement appears to
covetous in the last degree.” However, a coldly
have been weighed and tested with scrupulous care.
impartial biography would not kindle the reader;
The reasoning is clear and in most respects convinc-
and Mr. Walling's book is a good, an interesting,
ing; it would be entirely so but for a false note at
and a useful piece of work.
the outset, in a definition of harmony which virtually
Professor Walter Raleigh's volume
Shakespeare
makes it synonymous with unity and takes no note of sensibly on Shakespeare (Macmillan) fills, in
the accordance of correlations. This at once raises
considered.
the “English Men of Letters” series,
the question whether the fundamental postulates a gap that has been allowed to stand for many
upon which Dr. Ross founds his theory are suffi years.
Yet the delay has been advantageous ; for


216
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
Professor Raleigh and the rest of us have now which attends each new venture in her sport. This
outlived, let us hope, the period of cock-sure detailed thread of sustained interest runs through the whole
accounts of Shakespeare's life, in which every hour book and makes it possible for the reader to over-
of his earthly existence is accounted for and every look a perhaps justifiable pride of the author in her
line of his plays is confidently attributed to him or achievements and to ignore at times an abrupt style
his collaborators or Bacon or someone else. Professor and a tendency to employ unusual words and phrases.
Raleigh admits frankly and fearlessly that we do not The enthusiasm of her work is contagious and her
and probably never shall know much that it would be love of the birds deserving of wide emulation.
pleasant and desirable to know about Shakespeare ;
and then
passes on to more important discussions
of Shakespeare's reading, the theatre for which he
NOTES.
wrote, and the stories and characters and motives of
the great plays. He is by no means indifferent to
A new edition, two volumes in one, of Professor
the philological problems still awaiting solution,
Goldwin Smith's “ The United Kingdom: A Political
and illustrates well the nature of these problems by
History” is announced by the Macmillan Co.
" A Book of American Prose Humor" and " A Book
remarks on “The Taming of the Shrew,” “ Timon,
of Humorous American Verse" are two small volumes
and “Troilus and Cressida,” which latter he views
that come to us from Messrs. Duffield & Co. They
as a political drama based on an earlier play which, have a number of portrait illustrations.
as a love drama, had given place to “Romeo and “ The Silver King,” “ The Dancing Girl," and
Juliet.” Except the chronology of the plays, on “ Joseph Entangled" are three of the plays of Mr.
which Professor Raleigh says very little, there is Henry Arthur Jones, now published in as many volumes,
scarcely, an important topic of interpretation or with full stage directions, by Mr. Samuel French.
criticism on which he does not manage to touch and Forster's Life of Dickens, in one volume, will be
to make some sufficiently comprehensive and illu- added to the complete copyright Oxford India Paper
minating remarks. The book may be characterized
and “ Fireside" editions of Charles Dickens's works,
in short as a suggestive and stimulating discussion
published by Messrs. Chapman & Hall and Mr. Henry
Frowde.
of the chief matters that should engage the attention
The “Ohio Historical Series," published by the
of readers and students of the poet. The author
Robert Clarke Co., which has been out of print since
apparently has no illusions, and subscribes to no
the plates were destroyed by fire several years ago, will
“isms.” He has produced a thoroughly safe vol be reprinted, and new volumes are being planned for
ume on the subject of what everyone should know the future.
about Shakespeare. If he adds no important fact An important forthcoming addition to the Arthur H.
to our meagre store, if he adds no new theory to Clark Company's list of publications relating to Ameri-
the bewildering maze already baffling the student, can history is a biography of Dr. John McLoughlin (the
surely he does much in interpreting for us the times “ Father of Oregon "), by Mr. Frederick V. Holman
in which Shakespeare moved and, perhaps as success-
of Portland, Oregon.
fully as most other writers, the mental life which
“ The American Jewish Year Book” for 5668 (the
the poet must have lived. And when we add that
current year) is edited by Miss Henrietta Szold, and
he writes not as a fetich-worshipper but as a reverent
has for its special feature a directory of the Jewish
and honest student, we have said enough.
organizations in the United States. It is issued by the
Jewish Publication Society of America.
It is a very human sort of a book “ Seville” and “Spanish Arms and Armour,” both
Bird-studies
in which Mrs. Gene Stratton-Porter
by Mr. Albert F. Calvert, are new volumes published
and bird-stories.
has written “What I Have Done
in the Spanish Series" of the John Lane Co. These
with Birds” (Bobbs-Merrill Company). Meadows,
volumes, like their predecessors in the series, are notable
for the profusion of their photographic illustrations.
thickets, swamps, and orchards, along the Wabash,
The “Rotch Edition” of Emanuel Swedenborg's
have revealed their secrets to her persistent search,
Theological Works, in thirty-two volumes, will be
and she has succeeded in a truly remarkable way in
published this month by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin &
making friends with the birds at their nests. The Co. This is the first complete edition of Swedenborg's
stories of her successful efforts to photograph the theological writings, and the first trade edition of his
parents, the nests, eggs, and young of the native works published in this country.
birds, are quite as interesting as are her excellent Sidney Lanier's
poems, “ The Hymns of the Marshes,”
photographs. By dint of great patience, persistent will be published this Fall by the Messrs. Scribner in an
care, and what she often modestly calls a lucky
illustrated edition. The book will contain: “Sunrise,”
chance, she has induced many wild and shy birds,
• Individuality,” “ Marsh Song,” “At Sunset,” and “ The
and not a few. unusual ones, to pose before her
Marshes of Glynn.” The illustrations have been made
from photographs which were taken especially for this
camera, not only the robin, blue-jay, cow-bird, and
barn-owl, but also the queen-rail, wood-thrush, black
purpose.
An important volume of general literary interest is
vulture, yellow-billed cuckoo, and the belted king-
announced by the University of Chicago Press in Mrs.
fisher. She takes her readers frankly into her con Annie Russell Marble's “ Heralds of American Litera-
fidence, and they share her trials and vexations and ture.” The book represents ten years of research on
soon come to feel the thrill of eager anticipation the beginnings of American literature, and the material


1907.]
217
THE DIAL
66
is largely taken from original sources, old newspapers, The new “Oxford and Cambridge Review” is a very
manuscript letters, journals, etc., with aid from descend different affair from the little periodical venture put forth
ants of the men considered, Francis Hopkinson,
from the two universities fifty years ago. It is strictly
Philip Freneau, John Trumbull, Joseph Dennie, William academic in its demeanor, and an almost portentous
Dunlap, and Charles Brockden Brown.
seriousness characterizes the contents. These include
Volumes on Messrs. W. S. Gilbert and Beerbohm a trouvaille from the papers of John Stuart Mill
Tree have been added to the “Stars of the Stage " hitherto unpublished essay “On Social Freedom.” There
series of biographies. They are written, respectively, are also interesting contributions by Messrs. A. C.
by Miss Edith A. Browne and Mrs. George Cran. A Benson, A. W. Verrall, and Ernest Gardner. Religion,
volume on Alfred Bruneau, by Mr. Arthur Hervey, politics, and athletics are discussed. The Review is to
appears in the companion series of “Living Masters of have three issues a year one for each college term,
Music.” The John Lane Co. publish all three of these It is no less dignified in appearance than in matter.
books.
The new edition of Tourguénieff's novels and short
The continued popularity of the pocket edition of the stories, in Miss Isabel Hapgood's translation, is at last
Wormeley translation of Balzac's “Comedie Humaine” complete in fourteen volumes. The six volumes now
which Messrs. Little, Brown, & Co. issued a few years sent us by the Messrs. Scribner have the following
ago, has led this house to bring out similar pocket
titles: “ First Love,” “ Diary of a Superfluous Man,'
editions of the masterpieces of Dumas, in fourteen
“ The Brigadiers,” Spring Freshets,” “ Phantoms,”
volumes, the novels of Jane Austen, in six volumes, to and "A Reckless Character.” Each of these titles, of
be followed a month later by the masterpieces of Victor course, merely indicates one of a group of stories
Hugo, in ten volumes.
included in the volume. Even more significant than
Mr. Benson's new book « The Altar Fire,” which the some of the stories thus named are such others as
Messrs. Putnam will issue at once, is described as being “Mumú,” “ Púnin and Babúrin,” “ Asya,” and “ Faust."
written in “ the form of a diary, and might either be
He who does not know these gems is not more than
called fictitious narrative that threatens continually to
half acquainted with their author. One of the volumes
become a series of connected essays, or of essays on the
also gives us the exquisite “ Poems in Prose.”
point of turning into a tranquil introspective narration The Gypsy Lore Society, which led an honorable
that needs no complication of plot to hold firmly the existence in England during the four years of 1888-92,
reader's attention.”
has been revived under the presidency of Mr. David
An important biography is just announced for publi MacRitchie, its original founder, and the first number
cation by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. this autumn of the new series of its quarterly journal has just been
in“ Augustus St. Gaudens: A Memorial ” by Mr. Royal issued. Articles by Professor John Sampson and the
Cortissoz. This handsome volume will contain a memoir late Charles Godfrey Leland appear in this first issue,
of the great sculptor and a study of his work by a dis and there are some nine or ten other contributions, all
tinguished art critic who was his intimate friend. It of the greatest interest to lovers of Gypsy lore. We
will be illustrated with fine photogravure reproductions
trust there are many in this country who will aid in this
of St. Gaudens's work.
valuable work by sending their applications for mem-
A series of historical volumes under the general
bership, together with the annual dues of one pound
editorship of Professor George Lincoln Burr of Cornell sterling, to the Secretary of the Society, at 6 Hope
University is announced by the Century Co. There
Place, Liverpool.
will be ten volumes in all, each by a specialist in the
field of which he writes, but all working together to
secure unity. It is designed that the series, when com-
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
pleted, form a history of the world from the viewpoint [The following list, containing 227 titles, includes books
of modern scholarship, upon lines essentially new. received by THE DIAL since its issue of Sept. 1.]
Six new volumes in the Messrs. Crowell's “Handy
Volume Classics give us the following titles: Long's
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
translation of Marcus Aurelius; Thoreau's “ Cape Cod,”
Robert Owen. By Frank Podmore. In 2 vols., illus. in photo-
gravure, etc., 8vo, gilt tops. D. Appleton & Co. $. net.
with an introduction by Mrs. Annie Russell Marble;
Thomas Gainsborough: His Life, Work, Friends, and Sit-
Browne's “ Religio Medici,” with an introduction by
ters. By William B. Boulton. With portraits in photogra-
Professor C. H. Herford; Mr. Henry Drummond's vure, etc., 8vo, gilt top, pp. 336. A.C. McClurg & Co. $2.75 net.
“ Natural Law in the Spiritual World"; the “ Little William Blake. By Arthur Symons. Large 8vo, gilt top,
pp. 433. E. P. Dutton & Co. $3. net.
Flowers” of St. Francis, edited by Mr. A. G. Ferrers
Tasso and his Times. By William Boulting. Hlus., 8vo, gilt
Howell; and “ The Best American Tales," chosen by
top, pp. 314. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.75 net.
Professors W. P. Trent and J. B. Henneman.
Soldiers of Fortune in Camp and Court. By Alexander
Exclusive rights to the American market for “ The Innes Shand. 8vo, gilt top, pp. 305. E. P. Dutton & Co.
$3. net.
King's Classics” have been secured by Messrs. John
Alexander Hamilton: An Essay on American Union. By
W. Luce & Co., and they are issuing this month under Frederick Scott Oliver. With photogravure portrait, 8vo,
their imprint thirty-five titles. The general aim has gilt top, pp. 500. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.50 net.
been to furnish, at a low price, thoroughly edited and Great Golfers in the Making: Being Autobiographical
Accounts of the Early Progress of the Most Celebrated
choicely-printed editions of many notable masterpieces
Players, with Reflections on the Morals of their Experience.
of literature which have not heretofore been easily
By thirty-four famous players; edited, with introduction, by
accessible, or of which no satisfactory English transla Henry Leach. Illus., 8vo, pp. 209. George W. Jacobs & Co.
tions have been made. The series is under the general
$2.50 net.
A Sea-Dog of Devon : A Life of Sir John Hawkins. By R: A.
editorship of Professor Israel Gollancz, Litt.D., while
J. Walling; with Introduction by Lord Brassey and John
each volume is edited by a scholar of distinction. Forty Leyland. With portrait, 12mo, pp. 288.
five additional titles are in preparation.
$1.75 net.
John Lane Co.


218
[Oet. 1,
THE DIAL
Sixty Years with Plymouth Church. By Stephen M.
Griswold. With portraits, 12mo, gilt top, pp. 191. Fleming
H. Revell Co. $1. net.
HISTORY.
Our Struggle for the Fourteenth Colony: Canada and the
Revolution. By Justin H. Smith. In 2 vols., illus., large 8vo.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $6. net.
England and America, 1763-1783: The History of a Reaction.
By Mary A. M. Marks. In 2 vols., 8vo., gilt tops. D. Appleton
& Co. $6. net.
The Campaign of Santiago de Cuba. By Herbert H. Sargent.
In 3 vols., with maps, 12mo. A. C. McClurg & Co. $5. net.
Factors in Modern History. By A. F. Pollard, M.A. 8vo,
uncut, pp. 286. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.25 net.
Contemporary France. By Gabriel Hanotaux; trans. from
the French by John C. Tarver. Vol. III., 1874-1877; with
photogravure portraits, 8vo, gilt top. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$3.75 net.
A Journey in the Back Country, 1853-4. By Frederick Law
Olmsted. New edition; in 2 vols., 8vo, gilt tops. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $5. net.
The Great Plains : The Romance of Western American Explo-
ration, Warfare, and Settlement, 1527-1870. By Randall
Parrish. Illus., 8vo, pp. 398. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.75 net.
The History of Babylonia and Assyria. By Hugo Winckler;
trans. and edited by James Alexander Craig, revised by the
author. With map, 8vo, pp. 352. Charles Scribner's Sons.
$1.50 net.
History of Medieval and of Modern Civilization to the
End of the Seventeenth Century. By Charles Seignobos;
trans. and edited by James Alton James. 12mo, pp. 438.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25 net.
Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library. The
Virginia Series: Vol. I., Cahokia Records, 1778-1790; edited,
with introduction and notes, by Clarence W. Alvord. Illus.,
8vo, pp. 663. Springfield, I.: Illinois State Historical
Library.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Unpublished Correspondence of David Garrick. Edited
by George P. Baker. Limited edition ; illus. in photogravure,
etc., large 8vo, uncut. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $7.50 net.
Plays of Our Forefathers and Some of the Traditions Upon
Which They Were Founded. By Charles Mills Gayley. Illus.,
large 8vo, gilt top, pp. 338. Duffield & Co. $3.50 net.
Madame de Stael and Benjamin Constant: Unpublished
Letters, together with other Mementos from the Papers left
by Mme. Charlotte de Constant. Edited by Baroness Elisa-
beth de Nolde; trans. from the French by Charlotte Harwood.
With portrait, 12mo, gilt top, pp. 298. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1.50 net.
Society in the Country House. By T. H. S. Escott. With
photogravure frontispiece, large 8vo. gilt top, pp. 512. George
W. Jacobs & Co. $4. net.
With Wordsworth in England: Being a Selection of the
Poems and Letters of William Wordsworth which have to
do with English Scenery and English Life. Selected and ar-
ranged by Anna B. McMahan. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 352.
A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.40 net.
Letters of Literary Men. Arranged and edited by Frank A.
Mumby. In 2 vols., with photogravure frontispieces, gilt
tops. "London Library.” E. P. Dutton & Co. $2.net.
House Health, and Other Papers. By Norman Bridge, M.D.
12mo, gilt top, pp. 204. Duffield & Co. $1.25 net.
The Higher Ministries of Recent English Poetry. By
Frank W. Gunsaulus. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 233. Fleming H.
Revell Co. $1.25 net.
American Humor in Prose, and American Humor in
Verse. Each with portraits, 24mo, gilt top. Duffield & Co.
Per set, $2.
The Writings of Samuel Adams. Collected and edited by
Harry Alonzo Cushing. Vol. III., 1773-1777; 8vo, gilt top,
pp. 416. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $5. net.
The Pure Gold of Nineteenth Century Literature. By
William Lyon Phelps. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 37. T. Y. Crowell
& Co. 75 cts. net.
The Idylls and the Ages: A Valuation of Tennyson's
"Idylls of the King," Elucidated in Part by Comparisons be-
tween Tennyson and Browning. By John Franklin Genung.
12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 80. Thomas Y. Crowell & Co.
75 cts. net.
The Old Year and the New. By Charles Edward Jefferson.
12mo, gilt top, pp. 60. Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. 75 cts. net.
A Book of Reverie. By Elizabeth Gibson. 24mo, gilt top,
pp. 112. John Lane Co. 50 cts. net.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
Variorum Shakespeare. Edited by Horace Howard Furness.
New vol.: The Tragedie of Anthonie, and Cleopatra. Large
8vo, gilt top, pp. 614. J. B. Lippincott Co. M. net.
The Familiar Letters of James Howell. With Introduction
by Agnes Repplier.1 In 2 vols., with photogravure frontis
pieces, 12mo. Houghton, Miffin & Co. $5. net.
The Life of the Fields, The Open Air, and Nature Near
London, 1: By Richard Jefferies; with Introductions by
Thomas Coke Watkins. Each with photogravure frontis-
piece, 16mo, gilt top. T. Y. Crowell & Co. Per vol., 75 cts;
per set, $2.25.
The Rivals. By Richard Brinsley Sheridan; with Introduction
by Brander Matthews. Hlus. in photogravure by M. Power
O'Malley, 8vo. gilt top. pp. 131. T. Y. Crowell & Co. $2.50.
Montaigne's Essays. Trans. by John Florio, 1603; selected
and edited by Adolphe Cohn. With photogravure frontis-
piece, large 8vo. gilt top, pp. 364. “French Classics for English
Readers." G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2, net.
The Novels and Stories of Ivan Turgonieft. Trans. from
the Russian by Isabel F. Hapgood. New vols.: Spring
Freshets, and Other Stories; Phantoms, and Other Stories;
The Brigadier, and Other Stories; The Diary of a Superfluous
Man, and Other IStories; First Love, and Other Stories; A
Reckless Character, and Other Stories. Each 12mo. Charles
Scribner's Sons. Per vol., $1.25.
Grace Abounding and the Pilgrim's Progress. By John
Bunyan. Text edited by John Brown. 12mo, gilt top,
pp. 432.
Cambridge English Classics." G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $1.50 pet
Thin Paper Classics. New vols.: Hugo's Hans of Iceland,
Ninety-three, Man who Laughs, and Bug Jargal; Dumas's
Forty-Five Guardsmen, Dame de Monsoreau, Man in the
Iron Mask, Marguerite de Valois, Louise de la Valliere, and
Viscomte de Bragelonne; Lamb's Essays of Elia; Reade's
Cloister and the Hearth; Sue's Wandering Jew (2 vols.);
Barrie's Little Minister. Each 12mo, gilt top. T. Y. Crowell
& Co. Per vol., leather, $1.25.
Mr. Midshipman, Easy. By Captain Marryat. New edition ;
illus., large 8vo, gilt top, pp. 412. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$2.50 net.
Collected Works of Henrik Ibsen. Copyright edition.
Vol. V., Emperor and Galilean; edited, with Introduction by
William Archer. 12mo. pp. 480. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.
Handy Volume Classics. New vols.: Thoughts of the
Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, trans. by George Long;
Natural Law in the Spiritual World, by Henry Drummond;
The Little Flowers of St. Francis of Assisi, trans. by W.
Heywood, with introduction by A. G. Ferrers Howell;
Religio Medici, by Sir Thomas Browne, with introduction by
C. H. Herford; Cape Cod, by Henry D. Thoreau, with intro-
duction by Annie Russell Marble; The Best American Tales.
chosen with introduction by W. P. Trent and John B. Henne-
man. Each with frontispiece, 18mo. Thomas Y. Crowell & Co.
Per vol., 35 cts.
The Rubrio Series. First vols.: The Canticle of the Sun of
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Lincoln's Gettysburg Address and First and Second Inau-
gural Addresses. Each with decorations in color, 12no.
Duffield & Co. Per vol., 60 cts. net.
POETRY AND THE DRAMA.
Friendship's Crown of Verse: Being Memorials of Edward
Eggleston. By 0. C. Auringer. 18mo, pp. 52. Clinton, N.Y.:
George W. Browning,
Imperial Songs. Poems by T. M. the Emperor and Empress
of Japan, the Crown Prince and Princess, and other Imperial
and Distinguished Personages. Trans. by A. Lloyd, 4to.
pp. 159. Tokyo: The Kinkodo Publishing Co.
The Rhine-Gold: A Dramatic Poem. By Richard Wagner;
trans. in poetic narrative form by Oliver Huckel. Illas.,
12mo, gilt top, pp. 102. T. Y. Crowell & Co. 75 cts. net.
Songs of Motherhood. Edited by Elizabeth J. Huckel.
Illus., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 111. T. Y. Crowell & Co. 75 cts.
Plays of Henry Arthur Jones. Comprising: The Dancing
Girl, Joseph Entangled, and The Silver King. Each large
8vo. New York: Samuel French. Per vol., paper, 50 cts.
FICTION.
The Helpmate. By May Sinclair. 12mo, pp. 437. Henry
Holt & Co. $1.50.
Beth Norvell: A Romance of the West. By Randall Parrish.
Illus. in color, 12mo, pp. 341. A, C. McClurg & Co. $1.50.
The Younger Set. By Robert W. Chambers. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 513. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.


1907.]
219
THE DIAL
Discoveries in Every Day Europe : Vagrant Notes of a
Rapid Journey. By Don C. Seitz. Illus., 12mo, pp. 70.
Harper & Brothers. $1.25 net.
The Successor. By Richard Pryce. 12mo, pp. 331. Duffield
& Co. $1.50.
The Burning Torch. By F.F. Montrésor. 12mo, pp.504. E. P.
Dutton & Co. $1.50.
Love is the sum of It All: A Plantation Romance. By George
Cary Eggleston. Illus., 12mo, pp. 387. Lothrop, Lee & Shep-
ard Co. $1.50.
Clementina's Highwayman. By Robert N. Stephens and
George H. Westley. Illus. 12mo, pp. 335. L. C. Page & Co,
$1.50.
Winston of the Prairie. By Harold Bindloss. Illus. In color,
12mo, pp. 340. Frederick A. Stokes Co. $1.50.
A Man of Sark. By John Oxenham. Illus., 12mo, pp. 418,
Baker & Taylor Co. $1.50.
The Secret Agent. By Joseph Conrad. 12mo, pp. 373.
Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
To Him That Hath. By Leroy Scott. Illus., 12mo, pp. 401.
Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.50.
Beau Brocade. By Baroness Orczy. Illus. in color, 12mo,
pp. 359. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50.
The Best Man. By Harold MacGrath. Illus., 12mo, pp. 207.
Bobb-Merrill Co. $1.50.
The Blue Ocean's Daughter. By Cyrus Townsend Brady,
Illus. in color, etc., 12mo, pp. 336. Moffat, Yard & Co. $1.50.
Santa Fe's Partner. By Thomas A. Janvier. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 237. Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
The House of the Vampire. By George Sylvester Viereck.
12mo, pp. 190. Moffat, Yard & Co. $1.25.
When Kings Go Forth to Battle. By William Wallace
Whitelock. Illus. in color, 12mo, pp. 311. J. B. Lippincott
Co. $1.50.
Yoland of Idle Isle. By Charles Van Norden. 12mo, pp. 308.
D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
Mam' Linda. By Will N. Harben. Illus., 12mo, pp. 388.
Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
For Maisie. By Katharine Tynan. With frontispiece, 12mo,
pp. 312. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.50.
Brunhilde's Paying Guest: A Story of the South Today.
By Caroline Fuller. With frontispiece in color, 12mo, pp. 348.
Century Co. $1.50.
The Mediator: A Tale of the Old World and the New. By
Edward A. Steiner. 12mo, pp. 356. Fleming H. Revell Co.
$1.50.
Who Killed Lady Poynder | By Richard Marsh. 12mo,
pp. 337. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
Ian of the Orcades. By Wilfrid Campbell, Second edition ;
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Temptation. By Richard Bagot. 12mo, pp. 374. Macmillan Co.
$1.50.
Gayle Langford: Being a Romance of a Tory Belle and a Pa.
triot Captain. By Harold M. Kramer. Illus., 12mo, pp. 385.
Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co. $1.50.
St. Judés. By Ian Maclaren ; with introduction by Ralph Con-
nor. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 320. Philadelphia: Sunday School
Times Co. $1.25.
The Spotter: A Romance of the Oil Region. By William W.
Canfield. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 360. R. F. Fenno & Co. $1.50.
Eben Holden's Last Day A-Fishing. By Irving Bacheller.
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Signora. By Gustav Kobbé. New edition ; illus., 12mo, pp. 205.
T. Y. Crowell & Co. $1.
The Angels of Messer Ercole: A Tale of Perugia. By
Duffield Osborne. New edition; illus. in photogravure,
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RELIGION AND THEOLOGY.
History of the Christian Church. By Philip Schaff.
Vol. V., Part I., The Middle Ages from Gregory VII., 1049,
to Boniface VIII., 1294, by David S. Schaff. 8vo, pp. 910.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $3.50 net.
Religion and Historio Faiths. By Otto Pfleiderer; trans.
from the German by Daniel A. Huebsch. Authorized
edition; 12mo, gilt top, pp. 291. New York: B. W. Huebsch.
$1.50 net.
The New Crusade: Ocoasional Sermons and Addresses. By
Charles Edward Jefferson. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 290. Thomas
Y. Crowell & Co. $1.50 net.
The Evolution of Love. By Emory Miller. Revised edition;
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Christ's Service of Love : Communion Sermons. By Hugh
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The Praises of Amida : Seven Buddhist Sermons. Trans.
from the Japanese of Tada Kanai by Rev. Arthur Lloyd.
Second edition, revised and enlarged; 12mo, pp. 161. Yoko-
hama: Kelly & Walsh.
Conflict and Victory. By William S. Cochrane; with Intro-
duction by Rev. E. R. Lathrop. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 219.
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This Mystioal Life of Ours : A Book of Suggestive Thoughts
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That Blessed Hope: The Second Coming of Christ, con-
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Christ and Buddha. By Josiah Nelson Cushing; with an
Appreciation of the author by Henry M. King. 16mo, pp. 160.
Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Society.
Signs of God in the World, and The Worth of a Man:
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Pastoral and Personal Evangelism. By Charles L. Goodell.
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The Formation of the New Testament. By George Hooper
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The Antidote to Christian Science. By James M. Gray.
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For the Best Things. By J. R. Miller. 16mo, pp. 293. T. Y.
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Morning Thoughts for Every Day in the Year. By J. R.
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Shinto: The Ancient Religion of Japan. By W. G. Aston.
16mo, pp. 83. London: Archibald Constable & Co.
The Bible as Good Reading. By Albert J. Beveridge. 16mo,
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The Raven and the Chariot : New Thoughts on Elijah the
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Lifting the Latch ; An Hour with the Twenty-third Psalm.
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The Christian Program. By Edward P. Dennett. 12mo,
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Latin Pronounced for Catholic Choirs ; or, The Latin of
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Standard and Times Publishing Co.
Sunday-School Records, Reports, and Recognitions. By
E. A. Fox. 12mo, pp. 111. Philadelphia: Sunday School
Times Co. 50 cts.
The Call of the Father. By the Rt. Rev. Arthur F. Winning-
ton Ingram, 16mo, pp. 245. New York: Thomas Whittaker.
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The Sanitary Evolution of London. By Henry Jephson.
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In Wudest Africa. By C. G. Schillings; trans. by Frederic
Whyte. Illus., large 8vo, pp. 716. Harper & Brothers.
$5.net.
Recollections of an IU-fated Expedition to the Head.
waters of the Madeira River in Brazil. By Neville B. Craig.
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Life of Japan. By Masuji Miyakawa. With portrait and dec-
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pp. 317. George W. Jacobs & Co. $1.50 net.


220
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
The Japanese Nation in Evolution : Steps in the Progress
of a Great People. By William Elliot Griffis. Illus., 12mo,
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Janus in Modern Life. By W. M. Flinders Petrie. 12mo,
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Currency and Coin. By Richard B. Pullan. 12mo, gilt top,
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SCIENCE AND NATURE.
Darwinism To-day: A Discussion of Present-Day Scientific
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and Alternative Theories of Species-Forming. By Vernon L.
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Evolution and Animal Life : An Elementary Discussion of
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Feathered Game of the Northeast. By Walter H. Rich.
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European Animals : Their Geological History and Geograph-
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The Adventures of Merrywink. By Christina Gowans
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Day: Her Year in New York. By Anna Chapin Ray.
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The Camp-Fire of Mad Anthony, By Everett T. Tomlin-
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Bed-Time Book. By Helen Hay Whitney ; illus. in color by
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The Diamond King and the Little Man in Gray. By
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The Sandman : His Ship Stories. By William J. Hopkins.
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222
[Oct. 1,
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A most elaborate and sustained study of the fiction of the greatest of contemporary novelists. Showing the analogies
between his work and that of the earlier novelists and illuminating the growth and aims of his work. $1.25 net. Postage
extra.
A VERS DE SOCIÉTE ANTHOLOGY
By CAROLYN WELLS
The best of the light verse that everyone likes to read; the most graceful of literary forms from Villon to our own day.
A worthy compani to the "Parod Nonsense" and Satire Ant ologies." imp Leather $1.50 net: Cinth $1.50 net.
Postage extra.
THE FRANCE OF TO-DAY By BARRETT WENDELL
Few people have had such opportunity as Professor Wendell to know the French people of this very day and moment, and
no one has ever before expressed the life and present social conditions with the accuracy and vividness of this delightful
book. $1.50 net. Postage 12 cents.
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
PUBLISHERS
NEW YORK


226
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL



A NOTABLE
UNDERTAKING
THE PRAIRIE CLASSICS
MESSRS. A. C. McCLURG & CO. announce the
publication of a series of handy-volume reprints of the standard
writers of fiction. This series is absolutely uniform in typography,
make-up, size, and price, which are points no other series possesses.
The three salient features of this one are:
Compactness, Readability, and Serviceability
Bible” paper,
The type used is the excellent "Scotch face,” made by the Miller
and Richard foundry at Edinburgh, and the paper is the famous
English “ Bible
remarkable for the great number of pages
that can be put into small bulk. Mr. George Alfred Williams has
contributed a frontispiece for
each volume, all of which are
reproduced in colors. The
titles ready this Fall are :

KENILWORTH
THE PRAIRIE CLASSICS
KENILWORTH
BV
SIR WALTER SCOTT
TALE OF TWO CITIES
KENILWORTH
OLIVER TWIST
IVANHOE
see the little motes dance in the golden liquor like
dust in the sunbeam. But I would rather drav vine
for ten clowns than one traveller. I trust your
honour likes the wine!!
It is Dent and comfortable, mine hart; but to
know god liquor you should drink where the vine
grows. Trust me, your Spaniard is toe vise a man
to send you the very soul of the grape. Why, this
moe, which you account is choice, rere counted bat
as a cup of bastard at the Groyne er al Port St.
Mary's You should travel, mint hast, if you would
the deep in the mysteries of the butt and pottle-pot."
In troth, Signier Guest,' said Gilas Geling, if
I were to travel only that I might be discontented
with that which I can get at home, methinks I should
go but on a fool's errand. Besides, I warrant you,
there is many fool can turn his now up at good
drink without ever having been out of the roke of
Old England; and eter graperey mine a
Ereside
This is but a man mind of your, mine best,
vaid the stranger: 'I Wurtant me, all your town's
folk do not think - baaely. You have gallants
among you, I dare undertake, that have made the
Virginia voyage, or taken a tum in the Lar Coun-
tries at least. Coax, eadgel your memory. Have
you no friends in foreign parts that you would
gladly have tidings of?
Troth, sir, not to answered the boot, vice mat-
ing Robin of Drysandford was shot at the siege of
the Brill The devil take the caliver that in the
ball, for blither lad never filled cap at midnight!
Bat he is dead and gone, and I know not * werkdier,
or a traveller, who is a soldier's mate, that I would
give peeled eodling for.'
W TESTE E CULO
Dr
GEORGE ALFRED WILLIAMS
A. C. MCCLURG & CO.
CELINEERS CHICAGO
A. C. McCLURG & CO.
PUBLISHERS
CHICAGO


1907.)
227
THE DIAL

An Intimate Picture of the England of Wordsworth's Time
WORDSWORTH'S BIRTHPLACE, COCKERMOUTH
WITH WORDSWORTH
IN ENGLAND
Being a selection of the Poems and Letters of WILLIAM WORDSWORTH
Which have to do with English Scenery and English Life
Selected and Arranged By ANNA BENNESON MCMAHAN
Editor of Florence in the Poetry of the Brownings,” etc.
T is now twenty years since Wordsworth’s principal editor and biographer, Pro-
fessor Knight, suggested that “a volume of selections limited to those which allude
to localities in the Lake Country, containing fifty to one hundred illustrations, would
be found to cast an unexpected flood of light upon the whole district, and the poet's work
in connection with it." No such volume has, until the present year, been offered, and it
is the aim of “«WITH WORDSWORTH in England” to cover this fertile and brilliant subject.
Yearly the number increases of those who recognize Wordsworth as the Great Teacher of the nine-
teenth century. To interpret, and to pass on his message became his life-work. It is time this genera-
tion should begin to take a truer view of the human side of the poet; for it was Nature, in its largest
meaning, that was Wordsworth's great inspirer.
This volume really serves two distinctively valuable purposes: It reveals the real Wordsworth,
the poet, the naturalist, the man, in those poems which have made him famous; it serves as a guide
to some of Wordsworth's well-beloved haunts, and suggests the favored spots where, at some happy
moment, the reader may, perchance, attain to the same visions which the poet himself saw; and
besides it forms an exceptionally beautiful gift-book.
A beautifully printed, compact volume of 352 pages,
with 60 choice full-page illustrations from photographs.
Dark green cloth, gilt top, net, $1.40 In half vellum, boards, gilt top, net, $2.50
A. C. McCLURG & CO.,
Publishers, CHICAGO


228
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL

FASCINATING
By BOOTH TARKINGTON
HIS OWN PEOPLE
99 cents postpaid
The story of a young Ohio traveller and the first Countess he ever met.
We have already become accustomed to hearing people say, “I don't see
how you can make so beautiful a book at such a low price." Illustrated
by Mazzanovich and Gruger, and decorated in color by St. John Harper.
By UNA L. SILBERRAD
THE GOOD COMRADE
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It is perhaps old-fashioned to suggest that a modern woman of character
who does not play bridge or the coquette can have real charm. Yet we
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SEE
HIS OWN PEOPLE."
By DOLORES BACON
IN HIGH PLACES
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A vigorous and absorbing story of the Jew and the Gentile, side by side.
The splendid figure of Jean Meredith, the best type of business woman of modern life, will long be held in
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THE LONE STAR
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A tale of love-making and adventure, and a wonderful historic picture of Texas, by the author of "The
Missourian.” The Detroit News says, “It is a magnificent, dramatic piece of literary work."
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By LEROY SCOTT, author of “The Walking Delegate"
TO HIM THAT HATH
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New York, its missions, its thieves, its starvation, its love, form the framework of this strong novel. The Mayor
of Avenue A is a new figure in fiction, and is well worth making the acquaintance of.
By G. B. LANCASTER, author of “The Spur” and “Sons o' Men”
THE TRACKS WE TREAD
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A compelling narrative by a writer in whose works the conventionalities of civilization are unknown. The
book is as virile as the country (Australia) which it depicts.

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THE UPRISING OF THE MANY $1.64 postpaid
Mr. Russell tries to show here what our civilization is doing for the
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By SELMA LAGERLÖF. Translated by VELMA SWANSTON
HOWARD
THE WONDERFUL ADVENTURES
OF NILS
$1.50
Miss Lagerlöf is the most popular of living Swedish writers. When issued
abroad this delightful fairy story reached a circulation of more than
30,000 copies within three weeks after publication. Elaborately illustrated.
CAL
66
SEE
THE WONDERFUL ADVENTURES
OF NILS."
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.


1907.]
229
THE DIAL
NEW
BOOKS

WALTER TITTLE
THE FIRST NANTUCKET TEA PARTY
$2.15 postpaid
The exquisite illuminated illustrations and decorations by Walter Tittle,
and handsome binding, make this one of the most attractive gift books.
It describes the daily life of our great-great-grandmothers in New England
with the utmost reality, containing also a real love story, which the fiction
writer would find it hard to equal. Poxed.
Translated by LIONEL STRACHEY
MEMOIRS OF AN ARABIAN PRINCESS
$2.69 postpaid
A picture of the education and life of an Arabian woman, which is most
interesting and unusual. Uniform with “The Memoirs of Countess
Potocka." Thirty-two illustrations.
SEE “THE FIRST NANTUCKET
TEA PARTY."
Translated by G. MANTELLINI
MEMOIRS OF ADELAIDE RISTORI
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An intimate discussion of Legouvé, Gautier, Dumas, Scribe, and fifty others whose names are linked with brilliant
fame. The great tragedian throws many side-lights upon the French, German, English, and Italian drama.
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By BEATRICE GRIMSHAW
FIJI AND ITS POSSIBILITIES
$3.24 postpaid
Miss Grimshaw tells of adventures among Cannibal tribes in regions which no white man (much less a woman) has
ever presented; and she gives a picture of civilized Fiji as a land of possibility for settlers which will surprise
most readers. Uniform with “The Opening of Tibet” in our Geographical Library.
Sixty-four remarkable photographs.
THE NEAR EAST
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magazine of Europe." It is by a famous anonymous author, personal
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In our Geographical Library.

By NINA L. MARSHALL
MOSSES AND LICHENS
$4.43 postpaid
The first popular account of the best known and most widely distributed
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this admirable volume in our nature series will open your eyes to beauties
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By H. ISABEL ADAMS
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$10.38 postpaid
The seventy-five color plates illustrate two hundred and forty-three
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a scientific way the text is presented very simply and charmingly. All
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133 E. 16TH ST., NEW YORK
SEE "FIJI AND ITS POSSIBILITIES.”


230
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
NEW FALL PUBLICATIONS
Indispensable to Every Library
LIPPINCOTT'S
STANDARD
REFERENCE WORKS
A NEW VOLUME OF THE VARIORUM SHAKESPEARE
Antony and Cleopatra
Lippincott's New Gazetteer
Edited by HORACE HOWARD FURNESS, Ph.D., LL.D., Litt.D.
The publication of a new volume of Dr. Furness's Variorum Edition of
Shakespeare is always an event of importance in the literary world, and it
is therefore with pleasure that the publishers are able to announce the
completion of the fifteenth volume of this monumental work. This is the
first volume to be put before the public since the autumn of 1904, when
“Love's Labour's Lost” was published.
Royal Svo. Cloth, gilt top, uncut edges, $4.00 net ; three-quarter
levant, $5.00 net. Postage, 30 cents extra.
EDITED BY ANGELO HEILPRIN AND LOUIS
HEILPRIN.
A geographical dictionary of the world.
giving an accurate picture of every corner
of the globe in its minutest details as it
exists in the twentieth century.
A work of such thorough execution
and admirable plan as to leave no room
for adverse criticism."--The Dial.
Over 2000 pages, quarto.
Sheep, $10.00 net; half Russia, $12.50 net;
patent inder, 50 cents ertra.
Chambers's Encyclopædia
The True
Patrick Henry
François
Rabelais
By GEORGE MORGAN
Author of "John Littlejohn of J.,"
The 188ue," etc.
A new volume of the "True" Series.
Mr. Morgan has in recent years
made a special study of the life and
times of Patrick Henry, and his book
will take its place as the standard
work dealing with the life of this
great American.
Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth, $2.00
net; half lerant. $5.00 net.
Postage 140 extra.
By ARTHUR TILLEY, M.A.
Fellow and Lecturer of Kings Col.
lege, Cambridge.
The third volume of the “French
Men of Letters Series."
Mr. Arthur Tilley is well known as
an authority on French literature,
his The Literature of the French
Renaissance" being accepted as the
standard work on the subject.
With a frontispiece portrait and a
bibliography. 12mo. Cloth,
$1.50 net. Postpaid, $1.60.
NEW EDITION, COMPLETE IN TEN VOLUMES.
A library of universal knowledge, con-
taining a complete history of all races,
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It is the most useful encyclopædia in the
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Sold by subscription only.
TWO DOLLARS secures the use of the
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be paid in little-at-a-time amounta.'.
LIPPINCOTT'S UNIVERSAL
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A Book of Quotations, Proverbs,
and Household Words
BY JOSEPH THOMAS, M. D., LL.D.
This magnificent work has lately under-
gone an extensive revision. It is now
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form, embracing, besides the revision of
the articles included in previous issues,
numerous new biographical sketches of
persons who have lately become of suffi-
cient prominence to merit mention.
Subscription edition in two large octavo
volumes. 2550 double-column pages.
.
By W. GURNEY BENHAM
Containing over 32,000 references selected from 1,300 authors.
A collection of quotations from British and American authors, ancient and
modern; with many thousands of proverbs, familiar phrases and sayings, law
terms, etc., from all sources, including Hebrew, Arabic, Greek, Latin, French,
German, Spanish, Italian and other languages. The work has a full verbal
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other book in its class. It is thoroughly up-to-date, the authors represented
including many writers alive to-day.
Octavo. 1256 pages. Cloth, gilt top, $3.00. Half calf, $5.00.
Half morocco, $5.50. Three-quarter levant, $7.50.
Chambers's Cyclopædia of
English Literature
Poets' Country
NEW EDITION.
A clear and comprehensive survey of
English literature from its beginning to
the twentieth century.
It contains an authentic biography of
every American and English writer of
note, an account of his work, many
extracts, and 300 approved portraits and
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tive reference work of similar scope now
in print.
Three volumes. 2500 pages, Imperial
octavo. Cloth, $12.00 per set.
The Pearl
Its Story, Its Charm, and
Its Value
By W. R. CATTELLE
Author of " Precious Stones."
In these pages the story of the pearl
is told from its birth and growth
under tropic seas, through the search
for it and its journeyings by the hands
of men who traffic in precious things,
until it becomes finally the cherished
familiar of the great.
The quality and value of pearls and
the means for the detection of imita-
tions, are included subjects that will
make the volume of added value.
Sixteen illustrations-Four in Tints.
12mo. Cloth, gilt top, $2.00 net.
Postpaid, $2.12.
Edited by ANDREW LANG
CONTRIBUTORS:
Prof. J. Churton Collins
e. Hartley Coleridge
Michael MacMillan
Andrew Lang W.J. Loftie, F.S.A.
The purpose of this volume, as the
title indicates, is to trace the rela-
tions of the poets with the aspects of
their ain countrie," or with the
scenes where they built their homes,
or pitched their transient camps.
The artist, Mr. Walker, has visited
and portrayed scenes familiar to the
singers.
Fifty full-page illustrations in
color by Francis S. Walker.
Octavo. 363 pages. Cloth, stamped
in gold, with gilt top, $5.00 net.
Allibone's Dictionary of
Authors
WITH SUPPLEMENT BY JOHN FOSTER
KIRK, LL.D.
A critical dictionary of English litera
ture, containing records of the writings of
over 83.000 British and American authors.
It is the only work of its kind, and con-
tains a perfect mine of information about
books and their authors.
Five volumes. Imperial octavo. Per set,
cloth, $17.50; half morocco, $37.50.
PUBLISHERS
J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY
PHILADELPHIA


1907.]
231
THE DIAL
An advance upon “The Divine Fire”
Divine Fire” – LONDON TIMES
" Miss Sinclair must have made her reputation by this book,
if it had not been already won.” — PUNCH (London).
THE HELPMATE
The Greater English Poets of the Nineteenth Century
By WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE, LL.D., a frequent contributor to “The Dial.”
350 pages. $2.00 net; by mail $2.10. (Just ready.)
A study of Keats, Shelley, Byron, Coleridge, Wordsworth, Landor, Browning, Tennyson, Arnold,
Rossetti, Morris, and Swinburne, having for its purpose the discussion of their relation to the world of
thought and action. Although their personal and artistic qualities are by no means ignored, the chief
aim of the book is to set forth their outlook upon life rather than their strictly literary achievement.
This plan makes of the book something quite different from literary criticism in the ordinary sense, and
causes it to appeal to a much wider range of interests. The treatment is popular rather than scholarly.
The work is enriched by many quotations, both from the poets themselves and from those who have
written about them with the clearest understanding and the deepest sympathy.
JUST PUBLISHED
D. C. Calthrop's THE DANCE OF LOVE
A story of an ideal love quest with a mediæval setting. The dozen women whom the hero meets are charac-
terized with a charm that suggests Hawthorne, and the book has been compared, by the publisher's advisers,
with “ The Forest Lovers." The author is an authority on medieval customs and costumes. $1.50.
Dorothy Canfield's GUNHILD
A Norwegian-American Episode. Norway about 1900. $1.50.
A love story with unexpected turns predominates in the unusual experience of a little group of American
tourists. The author is well known as a writer of short stories for the best magazines.
RECENTLY PUBLISHED
Miss Cleghorn's A TURNPIKE LADY
A tale of Vermont before the Revolution.
$1.25.
ALICE-FOR-SHORT By the author of “ Joseph Vance”
$1.75.
Fiction at its noblest.”. Dial.
AS THE HAGUE ORDAINS. Journal of a Russian Prisoner's Wife in Japan
“ Holds a tremendous human interest." - Outlook.
Illustrated. $1.50 net ; by mail $1.62.
Vernon L. Kellogg's DARWINISM TO-DAY
$2.00 net ; by mail $2.16.
“ An investigator of the first rank and master of a clear and forceful literary style.” – Dial.
Earle W. Dow's ATLAS OF EUROPEAN HISTORY
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Mrs. Louise B. More's WAGE EARNERS' BUDGETS
A valuable and strangely interesting study in New York's West Side. $2.50 net ; by mail $2.68.
HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY NEW YORK CITY


232
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
Some of The Century Co.'s New Books
OLD SPANISH
The Leading Novels
MASTERS
Engraved on wood by TIMOTHY COLE. Text by
THE LADY OF THE DECORATION
CHARLES H. CAFFIX Notes by the engraver. Super-
Nineteenth edition now ready of this charm-
royal octavo. 175 pages.
Text and proofs (31) printed on
ing story. The best selling book in the
superfine paper.
Uniform with Old Italian, Dutch and
United States. By FRANCES LITTLE. $1.
CLEM
Flemish, and English Masters. Price, $6.00 net; postage 30c.
A sparkling story of a battle royal between
The notable art book of the year; a work of enduring value. Mr. Caffin's
Mrs. Grundy and a woman who dared to
text is an interesting story of the work of the great masters of Spanish art;
be herself.
the engraver's notes are a feature of value.
By EDNA KENTON. $1.00.
BRUNHILDE'S PAYING GUEST
THE QUEST OF
A delectable compound of laughter, ten-
THE COLONIAL
derness, and tears; the scene set in the
South. By CAROLINE FULLER. $1.50.
By ROBERT and ELIZABETH SHACKLETON. Chap-
GRET
ter headings and Tailpieces by Harry Fenn. 44 insets from
A fine, gripping, dramatic novel of love
photographs. $2.40 net; postage 15 cents.
and adventure in the Oregon woods.
This is a book to appeal especially to lovers of old furniture : but it is also
By BEATRICE MANTLE. $1.50.
a work to stir and hold the interest of those who have never fallen under the A FOUNTAIN SEALED
spell of the charming and stately furniture of the past.
A novel of modern American liſe, by ANNE
THE RED REIGN
DOUGLAS SEDGWICK; the heroine a rare,
sweet woman past her youth.
$1.50.
The true story of an Adventurous Year in Russia, by KEL-
THE BETROTHAL OF ELYPHOLATE
LOGG DURLAND. Illustrated. $2.00 net; postage 16 cents. A new novel by HELEN R. MARTIN,
An engrossing narrative, a faithful picture of a cross-section of Russian author of " Tillie: a Mennonite Maid," il-
life to-day, an important and informing book, certain to live, and, without lustrated.
$1.50.
doubt, the most powerful portrayal of Russia in revolt yet given to the world.
THE CONFESSIONS OF A DADDY
LINCOLN IN THE
The new amusing book by Ellis PARKER
BUTLER, author of Pigs is Pigs." Illus-
TELEGRAPH OFFICE
trated by Fanny Y. Cory.
75 cents.
By DAVID HOMER BATES, Manager War Department
JERRY JUNIOR
Telegraph Office and Cipher-Operator during the Civil War. A bright and breezy novel of Americans in
Illustrated. $2.00 net; postage 17 cents.
Italy. By JEAN WEBSTER, author of
.When Patty Went to College." Illus-
Intensely interesting, rich in anecdote, these intimate memories of the
trated by Orson Lowell.
$1.50.
War Department Telegraph Office are a fresh and valuable contribution to
PARTNERS OF PROVIDENCE
enduring Lincoln literature.
A new humorous book of life on the Miss-
A Tuscan Childhood
issippi River, by CHARLES D. STEWART,
By Lisi CIPRIANI. Cover Picture by Maxfield Parrish. $1.25 author of "The Fugitive Blacksmith."
net; postage 12 cents.
Illustrated by Charles J. Taylor. $1.50.
The domestic history of "a nestful of young patricians” — an autobiog RUNNING WATER
raphy of unusual interest and charm.
The brilliant novel of Switzerland and
The Fire Divine
England, by A. E. W. MASON, author of
· The Four Feathers."
By RICHARD WATSON Gilder. A collection of Mr. Gilder's
$1.50.
latest and ripest work in verse. $1.00 net; postage 7 cents.
THREE NEW THUMB-NAILS
Tales of a Wayside Inn
Seven Poor Travellers
Travels with a Donkey
By HENRY W. LONGFELLOW By CHARLES DICKENS By ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON
Cover designs by Blanche McManus Mansfield. Frontispiece in tint. $1.00 each.
FOR BOYS AND GIRLS
BooksWorth Having
A classification and an epitome
The Cozy Lion
Captain June
Abbie Ann
of works of fiction, history, biography,
art and general Elerataire published by
By FRANCES HODGSON By ALICE HEGAN RICE, By GEORGE MADDEN
The Century Co
BURNETT, with 20 pages Author of “Mrs. Wiggs MARTIN, author of the
Union Square
Norr York City
in full color by Harrison of the Cabbage Patch." Emmy Lou" stories.
Cady. $0.60.
Illustrated. $1.00.
Illustrated. $1.50.
Tom, Dick and Harriet
Father and Baby Plays
By RALPH Henry BARBOUR, author By EMILIE POU'LSSON. Music, pic-
of The Crimson Sweater." Iliustrated. tures, and rhymes for baby plays. Illus.
$1.50.
trated. $1.25.

Cee
We have Just ISSUED A RATHER UNI'SL'AL BOOK-CATALOGUE, not illustrated in the reg-
ular way with pictures chosen from the books themselves, but specially illustrated with charm.
ing little marginal sketches by Mr. John Wolcott Adams, - the whole printed in a rich brown ink
on a yellow-toned paper. One other picture it has, a splendid Cole engraving, -Murillo's Concep-
tion of the Virgin. The catalogue contains a classified list of books for children, telling for what
ages they are intended and whether for boys or girls (or both),-most valuable in Holiday time.
It is a catalogue worth sending for.
Free on request.
The Century Co., Union Square, New York City
The catalogue dlustrated with
pand ink sketches Jobs Wolcott Adams
-
--
1


1907.]
THE DIAL
233
PUTNAM'S NEW BOOKS
Love Affairs of Liter-
ary Men
The Altar Fire
By Arthur Christopher Benson, author
of "The Upton Letters," From a Col.
lege Window," etc.
Crown 8vo. $1.50 net.
Like those keenly appreciated works,
The Upton Letters. Beside Still Waters,
and From a College Window, Mr.
Benson's new book may confidently be
expected to find its way into the hands
of the discriminating. It might be
described as a story that continually
threatens to become a series of con-
nected essays, or as a series of essays
on the point of becoming an introspec-
tive novel.
North Italian
Painters of the
Renaissance
By Bernhard Berenson, author of
Venetian Painters," Florentine
Painters," etc.
Crown 8vo. Frontispiece. $1.50 net.
Mr. Berenson is acknowledged as the
foremost authority on the art of the
Italian Renaissance.
10
By Myrtle Reed, author of "Lavender
and Old Lace," " A Spinner in the Sun,"
etc.
Crown 8vo. Illustrated. $1.50 net.
Miss Reed has briefly retold the stories
of the lovers of the group of writers who
are assured, all of them, of immortal
places in English literature. Here we
may read of the mysterious, double love
affair of Swift with Stella and Vanessa,
of Pope's almost grotesque attempts at
the role of lover, of Dr. Johnson's pon-
derous affections, of Sterne's sentimen-
tal philanderings, of Cowper's. Shelley's,
Keats', and Poe's relations with the fair
sex.
A Princess of
Intrigue
(Mme. de Longueville and Her
Times)
By H. Noel Williams, author of "Five
Fair Sisters," etc.
2 vols., 8vo. Illustrated. $6.50 net.
The story of the eventful career of
the beautiful and accomplished Anne
Genevieve de Bourbon, Duchesse de
Longueville, daughter of Henri de
Bourbon, Prince de Condé, and sister of
the Great Condé.
The Salon
A Study of French Society and Per-
sonalities of the 18th Century
By Helen Clergue.
8vo. Illustrated. $3.00 net.
After a brief but comprehensive intro-
duction in which the nature and growth
of the French Salon is traced, this
volume makes the reader intimately
acquainted with four distinguished and
fascinating women - Mme. Du Deffand,
Mme. Geoffrin, Mme. d'Epinay, and
Julie de Lespinasse.
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By George S. Street.
8vo, 16 Photogravures. $2.00 net.
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Honoré Daumier
A Collection of his Social and Poli-
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By Elizabeth Luther Cary, author of
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8vo. 75 Illustrations. $5.00 net.
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Miss Abbott has utilized her fund of
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Historic spots of national interest, curi-
ous or charming out-of-the-way places,
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find full justice in Miss Abbott's pages,
Little Journeys Series
New
William Pitt:
Earl of Chatham
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Privat-Dozentat the University of Halle.
3 vols. 8vo. Portraits. $9.00 net.
This monumental work on Pitt ex.
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Napoleon
By Elbert Hubbard.
2 vols., 8vo. Illustrated. Each $2.50.
To the Homes of Eminent Artists
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Thomas S. King, Henry Ward Beecher,
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By Max Lenz, Ph.D., of the University
of Berlin.
8vo. Illustrated. $4.50 net.
In this brilliant study of Napoleon's
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ishes several accepted legends. A lead-
ing German critic has classed this book
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ograph, as one of the most striking
contributions to Napoleonic literature
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The Ibsen Secret
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Henrik Ibsen
By Jennette Lee, Professor of English,
Smith College.
Crown 8vo. With portrait. $1.25 net.
Mrs. Lee contends that symbolism is
nearly always to be found in Ibsen's
writings, and in this study she makes
clear the symbolism that pervades each
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Cathedrals and Clois-
ters of Midland
France
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Auvergne, Acquitaine
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authors of “Cathedrals of South of
France."
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With pen and camera the authors pic-
ture the Cathedrals of the Midi, pre-
senting the views of the consecrated
structures as they appear to-day and
telling their life story, with its drama
and its glory in the days of old, before
secularism sought to lay its paralyzing
hand upon them.
Christian Science
Its Relation to Philosophy, Science,
and Religion
By Lyman P. Powell.
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Mr. Powell's book is based upon a
comprehensive knowledge of the leaders
of the Christian Science movement, and
of the movement itself in its origin, its
growth, and in all its bearings.
Send for NEW
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234
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
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THE DIAL
THE CLARENDON PRESS
LECTURES ON PLANT PHYSIOLOGY By Dr. LUDWIG Jost, Professor
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236
[Oct. 16, 1907,
THE DIAL
Among the New Macmillan Books
A DELIGHTFUL NEW NOVEL-JUST READY.
Cloth, $1,50.
Miss Zona Gale's The Loves of Pelleas and Etarre
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Mr. Jack London's new Alaskan stories Love of Life
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of life in the far north.
Cloth, $1.50.
Mr. James Morgan's simple biography of Theodore Roosevelt: the Boy and the Man
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Fully illustrated from photographs. Cloth, $1.50.
Mr. William Butler Yeats's Poetical Works
Volume I., Lyrical Poems. Volume II., Dramatical Poems.
In two volumes. Each $1.75 net.
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Mr. E. V. Lucas's Another Book of Verses for Children
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Mr. Walter Crane's interesting An Artist's Reminiscences
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Cloth, Svo, profusely illustrated. Just ready. $5. net.
By Prof. Thomas Day Seymour, LL.D., Yale University Life in the Homeric Age
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Decorated cloth, gilt top, xvi.+704 pages, 8vo, with maps, illustrations, etc., $4.00 net.
Lexicon to the English Poetical Works of John Milton
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Dr. Henry C. Lea's great work is now complete with the issue of Volume IV. of the
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Dr. George Louis Beer's British Colonial Policy, 1754-1765
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Cyclopedia of American Agriculture Volume II. Just ready.
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Mr. Hugo R. Meyer's Public Ownership and the Telephone in Great Britain
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THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
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THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POSTOFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER
BY THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS.
No. 512.
OCTOBER 16, 1907.
Vol. XLIII.
.
.
A NEW DRAMATIC VENTURE.
About twenty miles north of Chicago, on the
shore of Lake Michigan, there is a place of
recreation known as Ravinia Park.
It is con-
ducted, like many other amusement parks in
the neighborhood of our larger cities, by one of
those electric railway companies that link city
and suburbs, and that find their account in the
enterprise less in the gate receipts than in
the increased profits from the transportation of
passengers. With this fact the resemblance
ends. The ordinary park established under such
conditions is a place of garish lights and catch-
penny devices, appealing frankly to vulgar
tastes and empty intelligences, and wise in its
generation with the wisdom that is at heart
foolishness. Ravinia Park makes no such appeal
to the crowd. Chaste in its appointments, both
as regards architecture and landscape garden-
ing, refined in its atmosphere and all its asso-
ciations, it embodies a standard of taste that
makes it conspicuous among similar resorts, if
not absolutely unique in its distinction. Its
casino, its theatre, and its concert pavilion rep-
resent about all that could be desired in com-
fort and ästhetic satisfaction, and its sylvan
shades offer a grateful retreat from the summer
dust and heat of the city near at hand.
During the out-door seasons of the past three
years, this park has offered concerts of good
music, twice daily, given by two of the best
orchestras in America. It has also been the
scene of charming woodland performances of
Shakespearian plays, and of a number of special
festivals. Even during the winter it is at times
available, and many entertainments of a high
character – concerts, plays, and travel-lectures
- are given in the pretty theatre. Perhaps the
most interesting experiment of which it has
been the scene is that of the company of play-
ers headed by Mr. Donald Robertson, who have
recently completed a five weeks' season of per-
formances, and whose work has impelled us to
the writing of the present article.
Mr. Robertson's enterprise has been long in
preparation, and had nearly reached the point
of disclosure a year ago, when the wind was cap-
tured from its sails for a time by the ill-starred
and mismanaged venture which took to itself the
name of the New Theatre, had a meteoric exist-
CONTENTS.
PAGB
A NEW DRAMATIC VENTURE
237
WAGNER'S FOLK - THEORY. Charles Leonard.
Moore .
239
CASUAL COMMENT
241
Library-school extension. - The President and the
periodicals. — Thrift in library administration. —
Shelley's letters to Miss Hitchener. -Spenser, the
poet's poet. — The old-fashioned way of writing
history. What Shakespeare's contemporaries ate
and drank. – Novel-notes of an
“old fogy."
The reading of prisoners. — Shakespeare the all-
sufficing. - English stage censorship.— The secret
of Sully-Prudhomme's fame.
A VETERAN'S MEMORIES OF WAR AND
PEACE. Percy F. Bicknell
244
A FRENCH ACCOUNT OF JAPANESE HISTORY
AND CIVILIZATION. Frederick Starr 245
THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH: ARTIST AND MAN.
Edith Kellogg Dunton
247
ECONOMICS AND IDEALISM. Charles Richmond
Henderson
248
Laughlin's Industrial America. – Dawson's The
German Workman. — Tenney's Contrasts in Social
Progress. — Russell's Christian Theology and So-
cial Progress. — Rauschenbusch's Christianity and
the Social Crisis. -- Kropotkin's The Conquest of
Bread. Gillette's Social Redemption.
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne . 250
Miss Sinclair's The Helpmate. — Graham Travers's
Growth. — Pryce's The Successor. — Oxenham's A
Man of Sark. — Conrad's The Secret Agent. —
Bindloss's Winston of the Prairie. — Fernald's
John Kendry's Idea. — Chambers's The Younger
Set. -- Scott's To Him that Hath. — Phillips's
Light-Fingered Gentry.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
252
Last studies of an English scholar. — Four cen-
turies of English country life. -- The inconstant
Benjamin Constant. — Wordsworth and the English
lake district. — A study of the Book of Job. — An
Englishman's interpretation of his people. - Canada
as others see her. — The revolt of downtrodden
millions. - Some radical domestic reforms.
BRIEFER MENTION
257
NOTES
257
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
258
.
.
.


238
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
ence of some four months, and then collapsed for plays that have won a deserved success on the
lack of support. Its intentions were of the best, boards of the sylvan theatre are now to be
but a theatrical undertaking based upon good repeated in the heart of the city's life, and are
intentions alone is not likely to secure a footing to be followed by others of their kind — by mas-
anywhere in this commercial age and country. terpieces bearing the names of Björnson and
We recorded the demise of the New Theatre last Maeterlinck and Strindberg and Giacosa and
winter, and explained the reasons why its failure Echegaray.
had been assured from the start. We also stated. These names, it need hardly be said, are the
that the cause of the literary theatre in Chicago greatest among the dramatic writers of the
was by no means lost, and that another year present day.
present day. If their plays are too good for
would probably witness a new experiment upon a public whose dramatic appetite is fed upon
more cautious lines and under more intelligent showy inanities, and whose applause means no
direction. It is of this new experiment, which more than the crackling of thorns under a pot,
has already got fairly beyond the stage at which it must be so much the worse for the public. A
the faint praise conveyed in the words succès theatre-man of the practical ” sort said to us,
d'estime may be awarded, that we wish to say when Mr. Robertson's preliminaryannouncement
a few words.
was made, “ Have you seen the list of the plays ?”
What Mr. Robertson has done has been to This query was intended to be the last word of
collect a company of capable players, neither too scorn concerning so hopeless a programme, and
old to learn nor too young to be responsive, to when we replied that it was the most interesting
train them in accordance with his ideals (which announcement we had seen during a thirty
are practical in the best sense), and to impress years' acquaintance with theatrical conditions in
upon their work his own sincerity and unifying Chicago, we knew well enough that the reply
intelligence. With their aid he has given per- would mean nothing to the querist. Here were
formances of Molière's “L'Avare,” Ibsen's the two points of view clearly defined, that of
“ Rosmersholm,” Browning's “A Blot in the acquiescence in a commercialized theatre de-
'Scutcheon," one of the early plays of Herr graded to the level of shallow entertainment, and
Hauptmann, and one of the lighter comedies of that of faith in the power of the drama to re-
M. Pailleron, performances for which fewer assert its lost dominion, and take its place once
allowances have had to be made than one would more among English-speaking people as one of
have thought inevitable, considering all the diffi- the vital forms of creative literature, as an effec-
culties attendant upon any new enterprise of tive agency in the shaping of thought and conduct.
their sort, performances that have proved more If it be said that we are following after false
interesting and satisfying to those who take the gods in thus directing our chief attention to the
drama seriously than any to be witnessed at the translated drama, there is the obvious answer
same time in the theatres of Chicago, well sup that the continental dramatists are the only
plied as those theatres have been with “attrac ones now dealing seriously with the problems of
tions” of the kind approved by the syndicate. modern life, and that they offer us the only
The performances have not drawn large audi- available models. Mr. Robertson, no doubt,
ences,
because the outing season was over when and all the rest of those who share in his ideals,
they began, and they have been given in a would be glad enough to produce serious mod-
sparsely populated region. But they have ern plays originally written in the English lan-
attracted the right sort of attention in the right guage, were such to be had. But the category
way, which is very much to the point. is well-nigh non-existent, and all our hopes of re-
What is still more to the point is the fact that constituting the lost literary species must depend
the work is now transferred to one of the best upon our being made to realize, by foreign ex-
of the Chicago theatres, there to be continued, ample, how far we have lapsed from the paths
on the scale of four afternoon performances a of dramatic virtue. When English playwrights
week, throughout the season. Its brief suburban begin to produce works that belong to literature
history has revealed it as something too good to as clearly as do those of the leading dramatic
be spared, and even the tribe of newspaper craftsmen of Europe, then we may begin to cut
critics, predisposed to scoff at anything that loose from foreign teaching, although even
bears the reproach of being “ uplifting" or the then we should be unwise to forego altogether
stigma of “literary” quality, has been compelled, the benefits of the new international solidarity
if not exactly to pray, at least to treat the enter of social and ethical aim. It is because Mr.
prise with respectful consideration. And so the Robertson's experiment, which has now become


1907.)
239
THE DIAL
..
something more than an experiment, has been natural humanity, we are told. The present writer
attempted along what we cannot but believe to can claim a pretty wide acquaintance among the
be the right line of effort, that it has seemed ordinary every-day folk of the world - seafaring
to us to have a significance beyond its modest
men, railroad laborers, lumbermen, Italians, Hun-
pretensions, and to deserve the wide publicity garians, Irish, Negroes, Brazilian and Bolivian
peons,
and he can testify that their intelligence
of the present statement.
and inspired wisdom are no great things. Good-
ness, honesty, brave endurance, they have in plenty ;
but they are mostly dull and silent people. The
WAGNER'S FOLK-THEORY.
only great artist in expression I can recall among
laboring folk was a small sea-captain. His line was
In that vast medley of good sense, sound criti- profanity; and never have I known such pyro-
cism, rhapsody, and rambling philosophy, the prose technics of swearing — the oaths darting upward
works of Richard Wagner, there is one idea which like a rocket and bursting into myriads of corrus-
lifts itself again and again above the backs of its cating sparks. It is true that when we go among
fellows, like the tenth wave upon the sea. It is his unfamiliar people we are often struck by daring
Folk-theory – the proposition that all art, music, singularities of thought or speech, — but if we
literature, spring from the people ; that the articulate inquire into the matter we will find that these
fashions itself out of the inarticulate, the defined felicities are common property, have been handed
out of the undefined, as the clouds concentrate from down from time immemorial, and were probably
the mist. The thought was, of course, not original invented by a few forgotten geniuses. Owing to
with Wagner. It is implieit in the Wolffian their permitted unconventionality, their imposed
hypothesis about the Homeric poems. Herder fos- necessities, the
poor
do
express
themselves in char-
tered it by his investigations into and collections of acter - in variations of dress, habit, surroundings,
popular literature. Hegel philosophized about it. and action - more than the well-to-do: hence their
It may, indeed, be considered the leading contribu humor of contrasts and their picturesqueness, which
tion of Germany to universal criticism, though artists of all kinds seize upon and exploit. As for
Lessing and Goethe were too wise to subscribe to the well-to-do — the middle classes no creation of
the doctrine. And the idea has had a great run any kind can be expected of them as a body. Self-
elsewhere. Ferguson, in his History of Archi- sacrifice, devotion, the fanaticism of the idea, the
tecture, applies it to that art, and describes how the scorn of comfort and consequence,
these are the
cathedrals of Europe and the temples of India qualities of originating minds, and they are not to
“ rose like exhalations” from the spontaneous con be looked for among those who wish to get on or
tributions of work and material by the people at keep up in the world.
large. Tolstoi carries the thought still further, and The leader or the multitude - which does the
asserts that the common soldiers win all the victories important work of the world? As to which does
of war, with little or no assistance from their gen the necessary work the sowing and reaping of
erals. In America, the “man behind the gun” has harvests, the building of houses and roads, the trans-
become a national faith.
action of life's daily business, — there is, of course,
The true explication of the matter depends mainly no question. But this is the hand-to-mouth part of
on what we call the people. It is obvious that every- existence, and adds little of permanent value to the
thing that is done must be done by somebody. world. And even here it is the inspired few who
Every piece of work must be the product of indi- discover and train the processes of nature, and invent
vidual mind and hands. The people do not gather
The people do not gather the mechanical and labor-saving devices. But the
together in assembly to make a proverb. All the things superimposed upon mere animal life -- relig-
men and women of a country do not put their heads ions, literatures, arts, and sciences, these are the
together to create a song or ballad. The cathedral work of an immeasurably small minority of man-
or temple must have someone to inspire and plan its kind, the pioneers and pilots who go sounding on
building someone to train and direct the work their dim and perilous way ahead of humanity.
man and look after the expense. The folk music It may be urged that genius of every sort draws
must have originated at first in single minds, to on the common experience and thought of mankind,
be taken up and repeated by the masses.
that the race or nation pours into the poet or artist
No matter how many
the strong
minds
may or inventor the ideas which he gives back to them
which inspire, orginate, create, direct the work of in completed work. I confess I do not see how the
the world, they are few in number compared with transfusion of brains or blood from the many to
the great multitudes of humanity. All arts, at least, the one is accomplished ; and there are too many
are primarily arts of expression. And expression is instances of great men holding themselves solitary
the work of rare, sparsely scattered genius, or the and aloof from the crowd, in whose minds have
result attained by trained and educated minds. The surged all the thoughts and imaginations of the
modern idea is that raciness and originality of world, to make the theory believable. Of course,
thought, vividness and terseness of utterance, are such men have their progenitors in the past; they
to be found everywhere among the people. Back to belong to a brotherhood of talent which stretches
be


240
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
When we say,
scorns
down from the beginning of time.
A simulacrum of such prodigalities of artistic life
for instance, that Burns's songs spring from the has often been brought about by the action of princes
people, we merely mean that he had a dozen or or rulers; their patronage being an artificial stim-
score of predecessors whose half-forgotten work fur ulation to a soil which would otherwise have been
nished him hints and help. Of course the creator, barren, or productive of only stunted crops. In
when he comes, has to use the material he finds at such cases the people had little to say about the
hand to build with. A poet has to use the language matter. No doubt the Roman senators and captains
of his race, which is itself a graveyard of dead poets wondered what Augustus could see in Virgil and
and thinkers; he has to look abroad and use the Horace and Ovid. These poets certainly did not
men and women he knows as models. But he has get their encouragement from popular appreciation.
in his own mind and heart the thoughts and pas It was a little better in the capital of Louis XIV.,
sions the hopes, desires, loves, hatreds, doubts, and for the public did flock to the theatre. But the
- which he is to express,
power of the court gave the stamp of authority to
What I wish to emphasize is the distinctive Corneille, Racine, and Molière, rather than to their
quality of genius and its comparative rarity. | mediocre rivals. And it was the strong hand of
Someone has said that all the persons who have the King which probably saved Molière from being
really moved or improved the world might be hanged by the priests or murdered by the mar-
gathered into a not over-large hall. And the quises. The citizens of Saxe-Weimar absolutely
secondary talents — the popularizers, the propa- fought against the glory which was to crown them.
gators and imitators of others' ideas are not such They thought Goethe an interloper, and Schiller
a mighty multitude. The vast bulk of mankind is no better than he ought to be; but Karl Angust
taken up with getting its living, and has little time persisted in his patronage, and gave Germany its
for things of the mind. The most popular poet or classic literature. The subjects of Ludwig rose in
musician or artist has a comparatively small audi rebellion against Wagner, and compelled the aban-
ence. Only religious ideas have the power to spread donment of projects which, when finally carried out,
wide and penetrate deep into the human mind. A brought so much honor to Germany.
man may enjoy life without the poet, but he fears In general, all such art commanded from above
to face death without the priest.
lacks the breadth and natural force of the sponta-
The best way in which the people can coöperate neous creations. For one thing, while a prince can
with the creator is by receptivity - the readiness give an artist leisure and opportunity, he necessarily
to applaud and reward the man who can originate. and unconsciously deprives him of liberty. And
In some measure, the genius and the public are like the greatest art cannot dance in fetters. When
the flint and the steel — they must conspire to pro literature descends to the day of dedications and
duce a blaze. Sometimes the receptivity is present; adulation of private patrons, it breathes hard indeed,
but the genius does not come. The Chinese have and finally gives up the ghost.
throughout their history exhibited a marvellous will One remarkable recent instance there is of a lit-
ingness to be led and taught; they have made the erature almost made by the state, but made without
reward of learning, the search for literary ability, any conditions of service or servility being imposed
almost the sole business of the state ; but so far as upon the recipients of the government help. For
we know, literary ability has refused to develop. nearly a hundred years, Norway and Denmark have
More often the man of genius arises, but his state pursued a steady course of patronage to able men.
or people are not ready to recognize him. But They wanted a literature, and were willing to pay
when these two conditions combine, we get the for it. They are, or were, poor countries, of no
spontaneous outbursts of art which star the march | great importance on the map of Europe.
They had
In full perfection, there are hardly more no reading public to reward authors, Hans
than three of the outbursts to be counted. One was Christian Andersen records that he received eighteen
that bloom aud efflorescence of beauty and grandeur dollars for the copyright of his first long novel,
at Athens after the Persian war. Inflamed with but by exercise of wonderful discrimination the
patriotism, the Athenians poured the spoils of that governments succeeded in selecting their best men,
victory at the feet of architects and sculptors, and not after they had become famous, but when they
encouraged the poets to record the greatness of their were practically unknown, and by giving them
race in a marvellous series of dramas. The second pensions and travelling grants kept them alive
period of prodigious growth was in Italy when paint until their work lifted the Scandinavian countries
ing and poetry were called into being by religious to a literary equality with
literary equality with any modern state.
requirements — by the revival of learning, and by Oehlenschläger, Hertz, Andersen, in Denmark, Ibsen
the new joy of life. The third harvest was in and Björnson in Norway, to name only a few of the
Elizabethan England, when our race, freed from most eminent, were thus tided over their difficulties
religious despotism, freed from the fear of foreign and encouraged to create. In reading Andersen's
domination, demanded the most joyous and profound | autobiography, or Ibsen's letters, one is struck indeed
drama the world has known as an expression of its by the pitiful smallness of the sums they received.
energy and adventurous spirit.
But it was enough. It was given when they needed
of man.


1907.]
241
THE DIAL
over.
it, and it was given without any conditions. Often
CASUAL COMMENT.
indeed one or another of these authors was in practical
rebellion against the authorities who were feeding LIBRARY-SCHOOL EXTENSION, like university exten-
him, and was fearfully unpopular among the people sion, strives to make good, so far as possible, the lack
who paid the taxes. It is almost axiomatic that a of strict and regular training in early life. This latest
man of genius must be in rebellion against his time.
educational extension movement is now somewhat of an
It is axiomatic, too, that the new prophet shall be
old story in the library world, but the good and system-
killed with the weapons of the old one. Imagine
atic work done by the New Jersey Library Class, under
the English Government and the Church of England
the auspices of the Newark Free Public Library, has a
certain freshness of interest as set forth in the pages
giving Darwin a grant to pursue investigations which
of a small pamphlet just published by the class. In
were to undermine religion! Imagine the French
October, 1904, a circular was issued by the Newark
authorities helping the Barbizon school of painters library proposing that the library assistants of the near
to prove that previous French art was false! Yet vicinity, or such of them as were not library-school
this is very much what the Norwegian state did in graduates, should club together, engage a good teacher,
aiding Ibsen to pen his satires on politics and society.
and take a course of lessons in some branch of library
A more intelligent patronage of literature was pro economy. Thirty-three responded to the call, and Miss
bably never practiced.
Josephine Rathbone, of the Pratt Library School, was
secured for a series of ten lessons in reference work,
There has been nothing like it in England or
the class meeting on Monday mornings for two hours
America. That part of the English Civil List
at the Newark library and paying a fee of twenty-five
which goes to reward men of letters or artists of
cents for each member. An informal quiz at the end
any kind is so small, at least in comparison with of each lesson, sometimes an assignment of home work,
other pensions, as to encourage contempt for such and an optional examination at the end of the course,
professions in the public mind. And the gifts are served to give variety and completeness to the instruction
usually made after the recipient's working time is and to keep alive the interest of the pupils. Similar
In America not even this much has been
courses have followed in the succeeding years, and
done. So far as I know, there has never been a
seventy persons have profited by one or more of them.
Mr. Dana and Miss Winser, of the Newark library,
dollar paid to any American writer or artist by way
gave their services as teachers, and the fees to which
of grant or pension. Pictures and statues have of
they were entitled paid for the printing of the report
course been ordered by the government; but this to which we owe these few brief details.
has been a matter of bargain. And positions in the
diplomatic or consular service have been conferred THE PRESIDENT AND THE PERIODICALS are appar-
upon men of letters. But the positions had to be ently on very friendly terms with each other. From
given to somebody, and it is to be presumed that
the White House go forth to this, that, and the other
a due return of work has been made for the salaries.
monthly magazine, articles written by our chief magis-
Such positions might keep men of genius alive, but
trate on a considerable variety of subjects; and it is safe
to assume that none of these contributions are found
they would hardly quicken their intellects or secure
“ unavailable "and returned with the editor's thanks. A
them time for the production of great works. pleasantly chatty article on field-mice, chipmunks, and
This is merely a statement of facts, and not a other “small country neighbors,” enlivens the opening
complaint. Indeed, under our system of life and pages of the current “ Scribner,” while sundry much-
government, it is probably best to leave things as quoted utterances on “ Nature Fakers," and an excursion
they are. Whom could we trust to discriminate in into the field of Irish mythology, and a brief apprecia-
the granting of state aid ? If a thousand pensions
tion of Frederic Remington, have recently appeared in
were granted to-morrow for the encouragement of
other periodicals. Yet, curiously enough, it is only a
art and literature and science, it is pretty certain
year and a half ago that the student editors of a little
magazine issued monthly from the Kansas City High
that they would go in the main to the mediocres,
School received, in reply to a request for a presidential
and that the men of genius would be left with an
contribution, a courteous letter from Secretary Loeb
additional mortification.
announcing that “the President hereafter will not write
To return to the main theme, it seems to me a for publication during his incumbency of his present
misuse of terms to say that literature and art spring office except on matters of public interest and in an
from the people, when, save in rare and special
official way.”
It is interesting, then, to bear in mind,
epochs, they have to be forced down the people's
while reading the “Century” article on Irish Sagas, or
throat, either by the self-sacrifice and energy of
the “Scribner” paper on squirrels and woodpeckers,
their producers, or by the authority of king or
that the subjects discussed are “matters of public in-
terest,” and are treated in an official way.” It is plain
government. In every age there is a commercial
that no foolish consistency, “the hobgoblin of little minds,
kind of literature and art, insipid, tawdry, foolish,
adored by little statesmen and philosophers and divines,”
which the people demand and are willing to pay has laid its palsying grasp on the presidential pen.
for. But almost always the new, the great, the
significant art descends on them from above, and THRIFT IN LIBRARY ADMINISTRATION is illustrated
they hate it, and do all they can to destroy its by some striking statistics printed in the 27th annual
creators.
report of the public library of Peoria, Ill. In a table
CHARLES LEONARD MOORE. showing the number of books circulated yearly per


242
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
IAL
ous.
two ago."
attendant, we find that whereas Louisville circulates Thomson, the librarian, says in his Eleventh Annual
2248, Boston 4348, Chicago 8351, and Los Angeles Report: “It is still necessary in some sections of the
14,738, the thrifty town on the Illinois river gets its city to issue tickets limiting the number of the children
books into use at the rate of 23,717 per annum for each to the capacity of the rooms used for the purpose (of
attendant employed. Another interesting question is, the Story Hour] and to avoid overcrowding and its
How long does it take to issue any book called for ? consequent disorder. Seventeen members of the Free
The average time in Boston, according to a late report, Library staff have taken part in the programmes this
is ten minutes, as Librarian Willcox (of Peoria) informs winter. They have devoted time outside of their
us; and he continues, referring to his own library: “The regular hours to serious study in preparing the stories,
average of three trial tests made by us on Saturdays at and have entered into the work with that hearty enthu-
our busiest hours, was 307 books in 101 minutes, or a siasm which ensures success. The programme of the
trifle more than three a minute.” But that is ambigu year has contained some very popular features. Four
One might stand at the delivery desk in Boston well-chosen stories from Spenser's • Faërie Queene' have
of a Saturday afternoon and watch the stream of books led to the reading of the simpler editions of the English
flowing over the counter in an uninterrupted current, Classsics, and · Una and the Lion,'· St. George and the
and possibly one would find that even more than 307 Dragon,'· Britomart and Florimel' have become well
were sometimes issued in the space of one hour and known to hundreds of children." This is an encourag-
forty-one minutes. The real point is, how long before ing report. We need not despair of the republic so
the passage of the first book noted in this continuous long as its schoolchildren take delight in Spenser. One
stream was this particular volume applied for ? How is reminded incidentally of Pope's boyish fondness for
ever, we do not doubt the nimbleness of the Peoria the “ Faërie Queene more than two centuries ago.
attendants. On the subject of open shelves, Mr. Willcox “There is something in Spenser,” he declared in later
feels a little disheartened. Even with a limited appli- life, “ which pleases one as strongly in one's old age as
cation of the system, he has to report an average
loss
it did in one's youth. I read the · Faërie Queene' when
of ninety-nine volumes a year for the last three years. I was about twelve with a vast deal of delight, and I
But he appears to comfort himself a little with the think it gave me as much when I read it over a year or
assurance that other libraries are suffering larger losses
than his; for he prints Boston's shameful record of
1693 volumes stolen in one year, the Providence loss
THE OLD-FASHIONED WAY OF WRITING HISTORY, the
way of Rollins and Robertson and Hume and Gibbon,
of 1796, and the Los Angeles record-breaking total of
4044 a year for two years.
What is the public con-
is evidently the way chosen by Dr. Emil Reich in the
science coming to ? The situation seems to call for
appalling task he is now engaged upon, the writing of a
something like a grand mass-meeting of protest and
“General History of Western Nations from 5000 B.C.
reform, or a thorough and simultaneous ventilating of
to 1900 A.D.” A historiographer of the modern school,
the whole disagreeable business in the public press.
spending more time in the recording of events than those
Who will point out the effective remedy - short of a
events themselves occupied, would need a score or more
return to chains and padlocks for library books ?
of Methuselah-lives to do full justice to such an under-
taking. But the fluent and versatile author of "Success
in Life” and “Germany's Swelled Head” shows no
SHELLEY'S LETTERS TO Miss HITCHENER, sparingly signs of Ainching. Emulating the doers of large things
quoted from by Professor Dowden in his life of the in literature and learning, he heroically enters upon his
poet, were last year added to the manuscript treasures of self-appointed task. “I attempt to do for the history of
the British Museum, which in the same year became the the Western nations,” he declares, “what Bichat did for
richer by one hundred and fifty-eight published works Anatomy, Bopp and Pott for Linguistics, or Savigny
or editions previously unknown to bibliographers. Con for Roman Law. I try to write the General Part of
cerning the correspondence between Shelley and Miss history.” And then he explains that “at the basis of
Hitchener, it appears to bear witness to a friendship as all that happened in the history of Western nations there
violent as it was brief. The lady kept a school at is a series of some twenty to thirty general facts, which
Hurstpierpoint in Sussex, and became favorably known singly, and still more by meeting, blending, or antago-
to the poet in his early republican days because of her nizing one another, created a multitude of particular
advanced opinions in politics and religion. So enthu facts. The present work treats mainly of these general
siastic did he become in his admiration for her that he facts, each of which has conditions, details, and effects
not only sent her a boxful of his revolutionary pam of its own.” History has as many meanings, and is
phlets, which nearly got him into trouble with the capable of being told in as many ways, as there are
custom-house officers at Holyhead, but he also insisted historians, not to say readers; and that is reason enough
on her joining his household soon after his unhappy for Dr. Reich’s re-telling of the old story.
May Clio
marriage with Harriet Westbrook. At first regarded
him!
by the Shelleys as a second Portia, and so named by
them, the gifted lady soon found herself less passion-
WHAT SHAKESPEARE'S CONTEMPORARIES ATE AND
ately admired; in fact, the “Portia” gave place to
DRANK is not without interest to his present-day readers.
“ the Brown Demon," and thus the friendship came to
The Elizabethans, as one might imagine, were not
an end. The lesson of this characteristic episode, those
exactly delicate feasters languidly toying with half-
read.
tasted dainties. There has just been made public a
letter from the Earl of Leicester to Lord Burleigh
SPENSER, THE POETS' POET, has been made in some wherein is found an amusing reference to the virgin
measure the children's poet as well, in Philadelphia, queen's love of malt liquor, and her insistence upon
where the Story Hour conducted by the Free Library having it good and strong. “ There is not one drop of
has pleasantly familiarized many boys and girls with good drink for her here," writes the Earl from Hatfield.
the legends of the “Faërie Queene.” Mr. John « We were fain to send to London and Kenilworth and
smile upon
who run may


1907.]
243
THE DIAL
divers other places where ale was; her own beer was so
strong as there was no man able to drink it.” That was
an age that knew not breakfast food; no pre-digested,
concentrated, brain-building preparation of crumpled
crumbs or crinkled corn figured on the morning table of
sixteenth-century England. Bread and ale were the
staples on which they breakfasted, or at least these
appear to have been the chief items of the queen's morn-
ing meal. In her father's reign, we are told, the
maids of honor were allowed for breakfast one loaf,
one manchet, two gallons of ale, and a pitcher of wine.
Of a certain Lady Lucy it is written that she daily
broke her fast upon a chine of beef, a loaf, and a gallon
of ale, while for her pillow meal she was served with
a posset porridge, a goodly slice of mutton, a loaf, and
a gallon of ale. No wonder there were giants in those
days.
NOVEL-NOTES OF AN “OLD FOGY," as he calls him-
self, suggest a few comments. Dr. William Everett,
in a newspaper article on “ An Old Fogy's' Novel
Reading,” calls us back to the re-perusal of some of the
imperishable masterpieces -- and also to some whose
imperishability is not so free from doubt. His praise
of Scott, glowing though it is, is not excessive. What
appreciative reader of the Waverleys will ever tire of
hearing or uttering eulogies on their author? Has it
ever been noted, by the way, how almost invariably a
true lover of Shakespeare proves to be also a loyal
admirer of Scott ? From the more immediately and
perhaps irresistibly appealing ephemeralities of the cur-
rent “best sellers," what a satisfaction to turn back and
solace oneself with the everlasting humanities of those
two immortals! They impart a sense of security and
permanence that fails us in the bewildering variety and
copiousness of twentieth-century fiction. Among other
old authors lauded by Dr. Everett are Miss Austen, Mrs.
Gaskell, Charlotte Brontë, Samuel Lover, Bulwer Lytton,
Henry Kingsley, Thackeray, and Dickens. But the
faults, the obvious faults, of Lover and Bulwer must
tell more and more heavily against them, while even
Charlotte Brontë will hardly succeed again in creating
such a delirium of delight as that described by Dr.
Everett.
ENGLISH STAGE CENSORSHIP, with its amusing and
frequently irritating absurdities and inconsistencies, may
possibly undergo a long-desired reform before the cen-
tury is much older. This at least is the hope of Mr.
Edward Garnett (son of Dr. Richard Garnett) whose
play, “ The Breaking Point,” was recently rejected by
the official censor as unfit for presentation. The author
now makes an appeal to the public by printing his play
and offering as literature what he was forbidden to
present as acted drama. Should his readers take sides
with him and regard the suppression as unwarranted,
their moral support, added to a long accumulation of
indignant protests in the past, might lead to an over-
turning of the old order — reluctant though the old
order is to change in conservative Britain. Meanwhile
whatever the injured playwright may have lost in tem-
per should be more than made up to him in pounds,
shillings, and pence; for what could more strongly
appeal to a reader's curiosity -- and, what is more im-
portant, to a book-buyer's purse — than a suppressed
play?
THE SECRET OF SULLY-PRUDHOMME'S FAME, the rea-
son of the haunting charm of some of his lines, is to be
sought in a hopeless passion that swept him off his feet
and carried him some distance up the slope of Parnassus
when he was already thirty years old and his character
too maturely developed to admit of recovery from his
disappointment. “She ” married another, and he wrote
« Les Vaines Tendresses." It is said that certain exqui-
site fragments of his poems, notably the simple line from
« Le Vase Brise,”–
“N'y touchez pas, il est brisé," -
have not only become classic as literature, but have
entered into the language and been adopted as proverbs.
Again, it seems, we have illustrated in this poet, whose
recent death turns our eyes upon him if only for a
passing moment, the old truth that whatever man
achieves of great and worthy and lasting is paid for
out of his very heart's blood; that only he who can
spend himself, who will give his life, shall win immor-
tality.
SHAKESPEARE THE ALL-SUFFICING was a whole lib-
rary to the late Emily Dickinson, who in girlhood was
all but forbidden by her father to read any book except
the Bible. “Kavanagh," however, was smuggled into
the house, and also Lydia Maria Child's “ Letters from
New York”; or, rather, the latter found refuge in a box
beside the doorstep, the former safely running the block-
ade and getting itself hidden under the piano. After
reading “ Kavanagh,” says Colonel Higginson, “ Emily
thought in ecstasy, This then is a book, and there are
more of them!'» Losing, temporarily, the use of her
eyes, it was a comfort to her to think that there were
so few real books that she could easily find someone to
read them all to her. But when, later, she so far
recovered her eyesight as to read Shakespeare, she said
to herself, “ Why is any other book needed?” Per-
haps the secret of Emily Dickinson's originality, of her
never reminding her readers of anyone but herself, is
to be found in that meagreness of literary fare that early
forced her to rely on her own resources of imagination •
and conjecture and high thinking. What would have
been intellectual starvation to most others was intellec-
tual stimulation to her.
THE READING OF PRISONERS, which has lately been
brought into notice and made a subject of discussion
through the report of the librarian at Darlinghurst jail
in Sydney, N. S. W., is very much what might have been
expected. A student of the subject in English prisons
reports “Monte Cristo” as a prime favorite, though
(rather surprisingly) Miss Braddon is placed at the head
of the list as the jail-bird's chosen story-teller; and of
her novels « Ishmael” is most in demand. « Ouida,"
Edna Lyall, Wilkie Collins, Mrs. Henry Wood, Dickens,
Rolf Boldrewood, and Zola have numerous readers.
Thackeray has his admirers among the better educated,
and even George Eliot has a certain vogue in criminal
circles, her “ Romola,” « Mill on the Floss,” and “ Adam
Bede being most often asked for and most lovingly
lingered over. Magazines, in bound volumes, are popu-
lar, but are regarded as rather thin diet – an opinion
not peculiar to convicts. That these victims of an un-
fortunate heredity and an unfavorable environment
are now allowed to solace their captivity with a class
of literature somewhat different from “The Washer-
woman of Finchley Common” is subject for congratul-
ation. To the wise and tactful librarian there is here
offered a field for useful service worthy of his best
energies


244
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
DIAL
SO
The New Books.
where he commanded the left wing of the
Federal forces. Subsequently transferred to
the West, he saw a good deal of Grant and
A VETERAN'S MEMORIES OF WAR Sherman, and has recorded his impressions of
AND PEACE.*
those two generals, with the latter of whom
Retired from the
army
service nearly thirteen he had abundant opportunity to become well
years ago, Gen. Oliver Otis Howard has since acquainted in the course of the Atlanta cam-
been occupied in educational and literary pur- paign and the march to the sea. Of General
suits, especially in furthering the fortunes of Howard's services as Commissioner of the
various schools for colored youth, such as Howard Freedmen's Bureau much could be said ; but our
University, Atlanta University, Lincoln Memo- remaining space can better be given to illustra-
rial University, and many others, and in pre tive extracts from the book itself.
A passage
paring for publication the rich reminiscences of from his West Point life
from his West Point life — from his experience
a long and active and variously useful life. as teacher there — shows him to have been even
Born in 1830 at Leeds, Maine, the descendant then a man of larger interests, of a more serious
of generations of New England Howards and and scholarly turn of mind, than the ordinary
Otises, he feels a pardonable satisfaction in the army officer.
favorable circumstances of his origin and up “ I took up the Hebrew language and recited with
bringing, and may well have been fired from the some regularity to an Episcopal clergyman near High-
first with an ardent ambition to do something himself greatly in my progress. Lectures, in connection
land Falls. He was a scholarly man and interested
to enhance, in his own person, the fair fame of
with Bible study, I delivered habitually once a week in
his lineage. Farm work and country schooling what we called the little church under the hill.' This
contributed to the shaping of body and mind, church where the soldiers' families attended was
until he began his preparation for college at the arranged that a partition separated the altar and all that
belonged to it from the main room. This enabled the
Hallowell high school- of whose excellent cur-
Catholics to have their services in the morning, when
riculum at a somewhat later date Mrs. Martha
the partition doors were opened, and the other people
Baker Dunn has written entertainingly in her in the afternoon and evening, when the doors were
“ Cicero in Maine.” Entering Bowdoin at the closed. Here we had, every Sabbath for nearly four
early age of fifteen, the energetic lad was gradu- years, a thriving Sunday school, of which I was the
ated in 1850, in the same class with Senator
superintendent. In this active Christian work, cadets,
the chaplain's daughters, and other ladies of the post
Frye and the late Charles Carroll Everett, Dean
assisted regularly with the music and as teachers.
of the Harvard Divinity School, whom an odd Usually in the evening we had a Methodist clergyman
trick of the memory makes him call Carroll S. to preach and conduct the services. Sometimes our chap-
Everett. In college at the same time also was
lain, who was an Episcopalian, would give an address,
and sometimes the clergy of other denominations.
“Mell" Fuller, the present Chief Justice of our
“ I always endeavored to do something in addition to
Supreme Court.
what my military duties proper and the preparation for
From Bowdoin young Howard proceeded, in them required. It may be said that this was not a fair
consequence of an unexpected vacancy, to the
preparation for what might be required of me sooner or
This
Military Academy at West Point, where he led
later in the army proper; but I do not think so.
training to which I subjected myself enlarged my sympa-
his class at the end of the first year and ranked
thies and acquaintanceship, and was, indeed, a stepping-
fourth at the end of his course. Choosing the stone to all that followed."
ordnance department, he served first at the
It was through Blaine's friendly offices that the
Watervliet Arsenal, then as Chief of Ordnance
command of the Maine regiment was obtained
in the Seminole campaign in Florida, and was
for the young West Point graduate, Mr. Blaine
then appointed instructor in mathematics at being then Speaker of the state House of Rep-
West Point, whence at the outbreak of the
resentatives. A picture of the budding states-
Civil War he hastened home to assume com-
man is thus drawn :
mand of the Third Maine Regiment; and from
“ One could hardly find a more striking character.
that time onward his movements become a part
His figure was good — nearly six feet and well propor-
of our national history. Rising from colonel to tioned; his hair, what you could see of it under his soft
major-general, from the command of a regiment hat pushed far back, was a darkish brown. It showed
to that of an army corps, he took part in forty-
the disorder due to sundry thrusts of the fingers. His
seven important engagements, the most note-
coat, a little long, was partially buttoned. This, with
the collar, shirt front, and necktie, had the negligee air
worthy of which was the battle of Gettysburg, of a dress never thought of after the first adjustment.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY of OLIVER Otis HOWARD, Major-General His head was a model in size and shape, with a forehead
In two volumes. New York: The Baker & Taylor Co. high and broad, and he had, as you would anticipate in
U.S.A,


1907.]
245
THE DIAL
a strong face, a large nose. But the distinguishing habitually reticent. Sherman was never so.
Grant
feature of his face was that pair of dark-gray eyes, very meditated on the situation, withholding his opinion
full and bright. He wore no beard, had a slight lisp until his plan was well matured. Sherman quickly,
in speech, with a clear, penetrating, nasal tone. He brilliantly, gave you half a dozen. Grant, once speaking
excelled even the nervous Washburn in rapid utterance. of Sherman in cadet phrase, said: “ He bones all the
Nobody in the Maine House of Representatives, where time while he is awake; as much on horseback as in
he had been for two years and of which he was now the camp or at his quarters.” It was true. Sherman had
Speaker, could match him in debate. He was, as an remarkable topographical ability. A country that he
opponent, sharp, fearless, aggressive, and uncompromis once saw he could not forget. The cities, the villages,
ing; he always had given in wordy conflicts, as village the streams, the mountains, hills, and divides - these
editor and as debater in public assemblies, blow for were as easily seen by him as human faces, and the
blow with ever-increasing momentum. Yet from his features were always on hand for use. It made him
consummate management he had already become pop ever playing at draughts with his adversary. Let the
ular. Such was Blaine at thirty years of age.”
enemy move and Sherman's move was instant and well
Instead of quoting any harrowing descrip-
chosen.
tions of battle and bloodshed, let us cite the
“ Grant appeared more inclined to systematize and
simplify; bring up sufficient force to outnumber; do
author's reflections upon the lesson of such
unexpected things; take promptly the offensive; follow
scenes in military history. In his detailed and up a victory. It was a simple, straightforward calcu-
interesting account of the battle of Gettysburg, lus, which avoided too much complication. It made
he writes :
Grant the man for campaign and battle. Sherman was
always at his best in campaign - in general maneuvers--
“ It is sometimes said to me that writing and speak-
better than in actual battle. His great knowledge of
ing upon the events of the war may have a deleterious
history, his topographical scope, his intense suggestive
influence upon youth. I can conceive of two reasons
faculties seemed often to be impaired by the actual
for such a warning - one, that a soldier by his enthu-
conflict. And the reason is plain; such a mind and
siasm may, even unconsciously, infuse into his writing body as his, full of impulse, full of fire, are more likely
and speech the war spirit, and thus incite strong desires
to be perturbed by excitement than is the more iron-
in younger minds for similar excitements and deeds;
bound constitution of a Grant or a Thomas."
and, secondly, a soldier deeply affected as he must have
been in our great struggle for national existence, may
Gen. Howard's work in the Northwest among
not take sufficient pains in his accounts of historic inci- the Indians, at West Point as Superintendent
dents to allay any spirit of animosity or dissension which of the Military Academy, and in numerous other
may still exist.
fields of labor, must be passed by without even
“But with regard to the first, I think there is need
of a faithful portraiture of what we may call the after-
a brief word of appreciative mention. The whole
battle, a panorama which shows with fidelity the fields story, fully but modestly told, will be found in
covered with dead men and horses; with the wounded, his book. He takes the reader delightfully into
numerous and helpless, stretched on the ground in
masses, each waiting his turn; the rough hospitals recollection of detail. An autobiography at
his confidence, and writes with an astonishing
with hay and straw for bedding, saturated with blood
and wet with the rain; houses torn into fragments;
once so full of incident and so free from matters
every species of property ruthlessly demolished or of small importance has rarely been produced.
destroyed -- these, which we cannot well exaggerate, From first to last there is a sense of reality, of
and such as these, cry out against the horrors, the hate-
human significance, in the two ample volumes.
ful ravages, and the countless expense of war. They
show plainly to our children that war, with its embodied
Their clear print and typographical correctness
woes and furies, must be avoided, except as the last
will recommend them to failing eyes and to
appeal for existence, or for the rights which are more readers impatient of compositors' blunders.
valuable than life itself.”
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
The author dates his more intimate acquaint-
ance with Sherman from the evening of Nov.
14, 1863, when Grant and Sherman had an
interview at Chattanooga, at which the writer
A FRENCH ACCOUNT OF JAPANESE
himself was present.
HISTORY AND CIVILIZATION.*
“My real acquaintance with Sherman began that There is just now no dearth of books about
evening. It was a privilege to see these two men, Japan, but few works have at any time been
Grant and Sherman, together. Their unusual friend-
written upon the Island Empire that are so
ship — unusual in men who would naturally be rivals —
was like that of David and Jonathan. It was always
well worth while as the one before us. The
evident, and did not grow from likeness, but from Marquis de la Mazalière has already written a
unlikeness. They appeared rather the complements of number of books upon oriental subjects. Some
each other where the one was especially strong, the
of these are studies of Indian affairs ; others deal
other was less so, and vice versa. It was a marriage
of characters, in sympathy, by the adjustment of dif-
with China and Japan. His Quelques notes sur
ferences.
* LE JAPON: Histoire et Civilization. Marquis de la Maza-
“Grant in command was, as everybody then said, lière. Volumes I., II., and III. Paris : Librairie Plon.


246
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
l'histoire de Chine and his Essai sur l'histoire Japan, the author enters into a serious exam-
du Japon have been so well received that they ination of Confucianism in itself and in its
are now out of print. His studies in Japanese relations to general civilization.
literature are interesting and valuable. But One most important feature in our author's
this new work is undoubtedly the most impor treatment is his constant emphasis upon the
tant of all. It will comprise five volumes, cov outside influences that have acted upon Japan
ering the whole field of Japanese history, three and affected its development. From its insular
of which have already appeared. The first nature, Japan is necessarily isolated, and has
three volumes deal each with a period — the first escaped much of contact with other nations.
treating of Ancient Japan, the second of Feudal This has no doubt had its influence in shaping
Japan, the third of Japan of the Tokugawas. the Japanese character. But in spite of its
Volumes four and five will treat of Modern relative isolation, Japan has always received
Japan - i. e., from the downfall of the Toku influences from without, and our author delights
gawa shoguns in 1867 to the present time. to trace these in detail. Everyone, of course,
There is an introduction of 135
pages
in which knows that China and Korea have made a
the author lays down certain laws of the evolu- profound impression upon Japan, but compara-
tion of culture and the history of civilization. tively few realize that many more western lands
In these preliminary statements are some views have long been potent in her development. Our
which are distinctly personal, and little likely author himself says:
to receive the unqualified approval of readers. “ But priests and literati have taught the Japanese
The sketch is, however, interesting, suggestive, more than Buddhism and Confucianism; they have
and entirely in place.
taught them the civilization of India and of China, and
Coming to his subject proper, the author
therefore that of the entire world. Babylonia and
Egypt, mothers of all culture, Persia — mistress of
first presents general facts regarding the land India with Darius, Greece - mistress of India with
and its peoples. He considers the Japanese a Alexander, - the Roman Empire, sovereigns of Asia
mixture of Ural-Altaic and Malay, and thinks Minor, Christianity, preached even to the Descan and
these elements are still to be traced geograph-
in Central Asia, have all left their trace in the civiliza-
tion of India and even in that of China. Henceforth
ically — the Ural-Altaic landing at Nagato and
the Japanese, rare as their relations with the Continent
following along the coast of the Sea of Japan, may have been through centuries, participated in the
while the Malays followed along the Interior life of the entire world, since they have known the uni-
Sea. Mixing, with little influence from the
versal civilization."
aboriginal Ainu, these elements have given the And this is of Ancient Japan. Since then,
present Japanese. The author then studies similar influences have continuously made them-
in detail, for each minor period of time, the selves felt. Japan, though largely pursuing a
progress and movement of culture. He clearly course of independent development, has never
describes the conditions of life, customs, govern been actually shut off from the world.
ment, politics, literature, art, and religion of Another point of great interest, somewhat
each. Nowhere else, perhaps, can the student akin to the preceding, while thrown sharply
find so satisfactory a series of pictures --de into view by the author's treatment, is sug-
tailed paintings — of the Japanese. And it is gested rather than actually discussed. This is
not merely an interestingly descriptive presen the remarkable synchronism of great world
tation; causes, motives, tendencies, are con movements in separated areas.
Feudalism in
stantly kept in view. It is Green's “
It is Green's “ History Japan coincides with feudalism elsewhere; wide-
of the English People” over again, but done spread and pervasive belief in witchcraft afflicts
for the Japanese by a foreigner. The move New England and Japan at the same time;
ment is well sustained, the wealth of detail re outbreaks of emotional religion sweep the world
markable, the style attractive, with some striking irrespective of the petty contact between nations;
descriptions of scenery. Frequent quotations periods of unbelief and doubt affect all men
from Japanese literature are given, not as simultaneously, — the last half of the nineteenth
samples of Japanese writing so much as for the century weakened faith alike in Christian dogma,
matter they contain. To render many of his dis in Buddhist faith and practice, in American
cussions clear to non-specialists in the oriental Indian animism, in African fetichism. And
field, the author is often compelled to present one may seriously inquire whether we are not
actual studies of subjects both Japanese and now at the beginning of a religious revival which
Chinese. Thus, preliminarily to considering the will sweep
the world not to the enthronement
introduction and influence of Confucianism in of one great world-religion, but to the strength-


1907.]
247
THE DIAL
ening and rebuilding of many now tottering Jackson, filled all his letters with unprintable
creeds. It is not fair to shoulder all the above expressions, and was as anxious as many a great
illustrations on our author, nor to commit him man before him to be known as a good fellow
to any prediction ; but he clearly brings out and a sad dog, - apparently on the slender show-
the fact of such synchronisms. They are most ing of a few youthful escapades indulged in under
interesting, and cannot be fully explained by the competent tutelage of Francis Hayman.
contact and interesting influences.
But in spite of unavoidable gaps and defi-
One characteristic of the Japanese that can ciencies, even the early chapters of the book are
not be too much emphasized is clearly brought not dull. Throughout his life Gainsborough had
out in this work. Fraetz wrote, in 1565, that many interesting friends, most of them actors
the Japanese found great pleasure in meeting or musicians; while all the wit and beauty of
strangers and questioning them with curiosity eighteenth century England sat to him for por-
upon the manners and customs of other coun traits, and the royal family patronized him with
tries, even into the least details. So at the a truly royal abandon. Some anecdotes which
time of Will Adams, the constant questioning Mr. Boulton relates of Gainsborough’s patrons
and writing down greatly impressed the English have but the slightest connection with the painter,
and Dutch visitors. Golownin, the Russian but they all help to reproduce the atmosphere of
prisoner of 1811, left a delightful account of the time in which he lived, and to give, by an
the repeated inquisitions through which he economically suggestive method, that sense of
passed. Avidity to take in from without is no background which many more bulky and pre-
new trait in Japanese character.
tentious biographies sadly lack.
The work is supplied with maps, chrono Gainsborough was a spicy and a fluent letter-
logical tables, glossaries, and indexes, rendering writer, and it is perhaps by quoting his corre-
it thoroughly useful to the student.
spondence with William Jackson of Exeter, a
FREDERICK STARR. musician, and with Garrick, that Mr. Boulton
throws most light on the artist's whimsical
and capricious temper and independent spirit.
A letter to Jackson, dated at Bath in 1769,
THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH: ARTIST shows Gainsborough in his most delightful vein.
AND MAN.*
“My dear Jackson, — Now you seem to lay too much
“ Considering the importance of the position
stress upon me, and show yourself to be a serious fellow.
I question, if you could splice all my letters together,
occupied by Thomas Gainsborough in the British
whether you could find more connection and sense in
school of painting, surprisingly few details of his
them than in many landskips joined, where half a tree was
life have been preserved.' Thus does Mr. to meet half a church to make a principal object.
William B. Boulton, with perhaps no intention “ Depend upon it, Jackson, you have more sense in
whatever of forestalling criticism, begin his pref- head; I am the most inconsistent changeable being, so
your little finger than I have in my whole body and
atory note to “ Thomas Gainsborough: His Life,
full of fits and starts, that if you mind what I say, it
Work, Friends, and Sitters.” Decidedly, Mr. will be shutting your eyes to some purpose. I'm only
Boulton has no real need to plead meagreness
sensible of meaning, and of having once said, that I
of detail and shortage of anecdote, - unless, in-
wished you lived nearer to me. .. You have one
fault, which I must tell you of: you can stop to gaze
deed, his ideal of biography is only satisfied by
with wonder and astonishment upon such a fellow as
the two fat volumes of undigested original docu H—y, and let slip all his merit of care, labour, and
ments with which a passing literary fashion is prudent selfishness through your own fingers.
just now exasperating a long-suffering public. “I look upon this letter as one of my most agreeable
More details of Gainsborough's early life, to
performances, so don't let's have any of your airs. I
could say a deal more; but what can a man say, pent
be sure, would probably help to elucidate the up in a corner thus ? – Yours,
T. G.”
painter's seeming inconsistencies, - which are
Jackson seems to have been rather a thank-
not so very inconsistent after all. His was
less friend ; his coldly critical, complacent style
another case of the familiar paradox: on the one
hand the artist, with his polished and delicate
in writing of Gainsborough makes an unpleas-
ant contrast with Gainsborough's impulsive
manner, his genuinely refined appreciation of
solicitude for the mediocre musician's every
beauty and innocence ; on the other the man,
interest. “ Pray send me word,” he writes,
who • damned ladies and gentlemen'to his friend
when news has come that Jackson is ill,
His Life, Work, Friends, and
6 whether there is any occasion for Doctor
Sitters. By William B. Boulton. Illustrated. Chicago: A. C.
McClurg & Co.
Moysey to come to you, in Palmer's opinion
THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH.


248
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
damn your own, for you are too much like me “ He was obliged to be set down in St. James's Square,
to know how it is with you."
or out of sight of his own windows, for fear of another
set down not so convenient either to his head or his heels
Equally delightful are the letters to Garrick,
as riding out twelve pennyworth of coach hire, after
filled with discussions about the actor's art, in
having earned fifty guineas previously thereto.”
which Gainsborough was deeply interested, and
with considerations regarding an idealized por-
But in spite of the Governor's anecdotes, and
others, Gainsborough was apparently very fond
trait of Shakespeare which Gainsborough had
of his wife, and though he lived in a time when
in earnest contemplation for several years.
scandal was busy in the painting-rooms of fash-
Shakespeare
shall come forth, as the lawyer
ionable artists, never a word of it was associated
says,” he declares gaily.
“Damn the original with his name.
picture of him, with your leave, for I think a
We might go on quoting from Mr. Boulton
stupider face I never saw, except D— h's.”
almost indefinitely, for he has placed unlimited
But finally he abandons the project — with
stores of good things at the disposal of his
equal gayety. “Shakespeare's bust is a silly readers. He has utilized the accepted sources
smiling thing, and I have not sense enough to
of biographical material, marshalling his facts
make him more sensible in the picture ; and so
in simple orderly fashion, and dealing with them
I tell ye, you shall not see it.”
in a dignified and yet thoroughly genial and
In the person of Governor Philip Thicknesse,
appreciative way. His descriptions of Gains-
Gainsborough had a friend and patron whose
borough's works and his critical comments are
generosity and solicitous oversight, always exer-
likewise written with rare skill and discrimina-
cised with characteristic eccentricity, must have
tion, and it is only because they are less quota-
been as inconvenient at times as at other times
ble than the narrative portions of the book that
they were welcome. At the painter's death less has been said about them here.
Thicknesse published a short but very inter-
Numerous half - tones reproduce Gainsbor-
esting memoir of him, which is authority for
ough's portraits and a few of the “ landskips,
many good stories, seldom accurately dated, but
in the painting of which, according to a curious
full of the spirit which is more essential than
tradition, the artist was happiest. His friend
the letter. One such anecdote follows.
Angelo declares : “Gainsborough, for all his
“When a certain duchess sent to know the reason why
apparent playfulness of style, often told Quin,
þer picture was not sent home, he gave it a wipe in the
face with his background brush, and sent her word that
who again assured my father of the fact, that
her Grace was too hard for him; he would not, he said, nothing could equal the devilism of portrait
paint it. That inelegant message lost her an excellent painting.” Which sounds so like Gainsborough
representation of her beautiful person (for she was beau that we should never think of questioning its
tiful), and Gainsborough's spirit deprived him of a
hundred guineas.”
somewhat complicated authenticity.
EDITH KELLOGG DUNTON.
Governor Thicknesse did not like Mrs. Gains-
borough. He relates how, when he was helping
Gainsborough with the troublesome business of
finding a house in Bath, and they went to the
ECONOMICS AND IDEALISM.*
artist's wife to report progress, she was thrown
into a panic at the mention of the fifty pounds
In
response
to the invitation of German au-
rent.
thorities to lecture in their country, Professor
“The poor woman, highly alarmed, thinking it must Laughlin, a recognized economic authority, had
all come out of her annuity, exclaimed, · Fifty pounds a the wisdom to select specific and characteristic
year! Mr. Gainsborough are you going to throw your American topics. In these lectures, now issued
self into gaol?' But upon my telling her that if she
in book form, are set in a clear light the main
did not approve of the lodgings at fifty pounds a year
he should take a house of a hundred and fifty, and that * INDUSTRIAL AMERICA. By J. Laurence Laughlin. New
I would pay the rent if he could not, Margaret's alarms
were moderated.”
THE GERMAN WORKMAN. By W. H. Dawson. New York:
Charles Scribner's Sons.
There was perhaps some excuse for the lady at CONTRASTS IN SOCIAL PROGRESS. By E. P. Tenney. New York:
Longmans, Green, & Co.
this time, for Gainsborough had yet to make his
CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY AND SOCIAL PROGRESS. By F. W.
name, but her continued parsimony in later years
is certainly against her. Governor Thicknesse CHRISTIANITY AND THE SOCIAL CRISIS. By Walter Rauschen-
busch. New York: The Macmillan Co.
assures us that if Gainsborough, tired with stand THE CONQUEST OF BREAD. (New edition.) By P. Kropotkin.
ing before his easel, went to the city on business
GILLETTE'S SOCIAL REDEMPTION. By M. L. Severy. Boston:
and took a hackney coach to ease his tired limbs,
York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Bussell. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
H. B. Turner & Co.


1907.]
249
THE DIAL
facts about our competition with Europe, our are found in civic conditions, family life, educa-
protective policy, labor, trusts, railways, bank tion, literature, moral thought, altruistic service,
ing, and economic thinking in the United States. self-extending altruistic power.
Time is an
The labor leaders have already found what they essential factor in progress.
essential factor in progress. Christianity itself
regard as the heel of Achilles in the part relating has never been perfectly represented by its fol-
to trade unions, and will have none of the au lowers, and the church has been slow to appre-
thor's advice; and it must be admitted that he ciate the meaning of the truths for which it
has not duly considered in his argument some stood. The world is yet in its infancy, and these
very important aspects of the subject. If the ideas have yet before them a vast future for
advocates of the present high tariff read his development and creative influence. The central
remarks on that subject, he may expect some
ideas which have most transformed mankind
profane comments from that camp. It is diffi are those of the unity and moral character of
cult to please all; probably it is best to try to God, spiritual worship, fraternity of the children,
be accurate as to facts, for these stand a great of a common Father, and eternal life. The
deal of hammering.
author manifestly aims to be fair ; he uncovers
Germany has advanced so rapidly during the errors and evils of Christendom, and praises
the past few years that England and America the virtues and truths of alien civilizations,
are compelled to inquire for the causes of her and everywhere are the evidences of painstaking
phenomenal success in manufactures and com industry in the collection of facts and of expert
merce. Not long ago, this country, which held judgments.
the “empire of the air,” was counted out of the The English university life is in an atmos-
race of rivals in business. The essential causes phere of leisure; the roots of the tree of knowl-
of this material success seem to be scientific edge are not pulled up every hour, to measure
investigation, industry, and reliability, fertile their growth in the night. Students there take
invention, improved organization, and rational a long time to read, reflect, compose their sen-
care for the workman without whom science and tences, and send out a worthy thought in fitting
invention would be useless. Mr. Dawson, in form. Mr. Bussell's “ Christian Theology and
his book on “ The German Workman,” has Social Progress" is the ripe fruit of prolonged
given a very readable account of that splendid reflection and often learned investigation. All
system of “social policy” by means of which the great pioneers of philosophy, down to the
the health and efficiency of the workmen have most recent, are made to yield their contribu-
been promoted as by no other people in the his tions to the solution of the ethical and religious
tory of the race. The principal measure is the
The principal measure is the problems of our age. The central thought of the
imperial industrial insurance system, by means work seems to be that social progress is without
of which millions of persons are lifted above the a rational goal and an adequate inspiration if it
need of charity and the sources of sickness are is not under the guidance and influence of the
stopped at their very springs. All the essential Christian religion. The author says: “It is my
features of this masterly policy are clearly de aim to show how general welfare is bound up
scribed in Mr. Dawson's book.
with the faiths and hopes of Christian belief;
The argument of Mr. Tenney, in “ Contrasts and again, how the general welfare can only
in Social Progress,” is cumulative. The assump- rightly be secured by justice to the particular,
tion
or, more fairly, the working hypothesis by respecting the units which make up
the whole;
- is the idealistic theory of social progress, in a heap composed of valueless atoms is itself with-
opposition to the materialistic or economic inter out value.” It is the same question raised by
pretation of history. The history of the human
The history of the human Tennyson when he asked if one can really re-
race is a series of social experiments, extending main enthusiastic and make sacrifices for the
over vast areas of territory, over billions of lives, life of a worm or a fly.
and over ages of time. The peoples chosen for It is a striking proof of the freedom of modern
study are the Hindus, Chinese, Moslems, and science that an honored professor in an orthodox
Christians. The result of these experiments is theological seminary, endowed by millionaires,
held to be that, while all these peoples show the should retain his place and his honors after
benign influence of the truth they knew, the publishing a plea for socialism, or something
essential truths of Christianity have had a pe very like it. The author of “Christianity and
culiar and special power for good, and surpass the Social Crisis” is a teacher of church history,
all others in power for improvement of social and the historical argument for a social theology
conditions. The illustrations of this superiority | is the best part of his book. Next to this in


250
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
>
value is his honest and searching exposure of the to do justice to a book like “ Gillette's Social
inconsistencies between ecclesiastical conduct Redemption as interpreted by Mr. Severy.
and teaching and the fundamental ideas of the The volume is bulky and has been compiled
Christian religion. Of less value is the later with great industry. Sensational stories” from
and constructive part of the work, where an daily newspapers, even of the “yellow" type,
attempt is made to outline the immediate meas are seriously treated as historical materials,
ures which should be taken to mitigate the evils without rational criticism. All the muckrakers
of our time; for nothing more than palliatives are here invited to unload their unsavory bur-
can be expected until a radical revolution in dens, and the result is a sort of literary dumping-
government has displaced the present political ground. Doubtless many of the evils here
organization of society. Such questions cannot described really exist, and ought to be made
be successfully treated in the form of rhetorical known; but we also need some constructive
appeals to somewhat vague and elementary suggestions. Near the close (p. 752), in the
feelings, and without a mastery of technical appendix, the author finally hints at a great
economic reasoning which is not revealed in discovery, a huge dream which will occupy
the work itself.
another tome. “ The new system proposes to
When we grow weary of writers who flatter bring about the amelioration of the race by
the class of " happy possessors,” weary of eco-organizing a world-wide corporation, with an
nomic orthodoxy, weary of monotonous praises unlimited, elastic, and constantly self-adjusting
of patriotism and law, we may refresh ourselves capitalization
capitalization - a capitalization which shall
at the pungent and acid spring of anarchistic always represent the exact amount of the cor-
communism. Under the stimulating influence porate assets, falling as they fall, rising as they
of such a work as Kropotkin's “ Conquest of rise. This corporation is to purchase and
Bread,” we seem to be living in a world of control all means for the production of wealth
madmen, and the air about us is full of fanciful throughout the world. The curious and cour-
images, roots in the air, white mourning goods, ageous reader will find in the book more of the
black vests at weddings, men with long hair, same kind of reasoning.
women with heads cropped and bald. Yet
CHARLES RICHMOND HENDERSON.
Kropotkin is not a lunatic; he is a close
reasoner, a learned traveller, a keen observer,
and he brings into brilliant light uninterpreted
RECENT FICTION.*
truths. Reject his extreme individualism if
you will ; but you must admit that human “ The Divine Fire was so distinctly the success
society might be better, and that voluntary of three seasons ago that Miss Sinclair's next novel
organization effects more than we credit to its
has been awaited with much eagerness. Many
account. The State is not all. Even manual
readers have been satisfying their curiosity about it
work, now associated with inferior social posi- | in The Atlantic Monthly,” and now those who
on the instalment plan, as its chapters have appeared
tion and inhuman conditions, may be made
are unwilling to take their novels piecemeal may read
attractive to rational men seeking happiness.
“ The Helpmate" in the form of a completed book.
This new edition of “ The Conquest of Bread,” | We may say at once that it is not as remarkable.
issued by a publishing house of the conservative
a performance as its predecessor, but we must
type, is a sign of the times, an evidence that we quickly add that it is so far above the run of novels
rather prefer to face all possible suggestions,
however heretical, and let discussion and reflec-
GROWTH. By Graham Travers (Margaret Todd, M.D.).
tion and stern experience sift the chaff from
the wheat. Those who confuse anarchism with THE SUCCESSOR. By Richard Pryce. New York: Duffield
socialism may learn from Kropotkin that these
A MAN OF SARK. By John Oxenham. New York: The
are antagonistic theories, – perhaps ignorant
THE SECRET AGENT. A Simple Tale. By Joseph Conrad.
armies clashing in the night. Wild as may
New York: Harper & Brothers.
seem the speculation, the account of the possi WINSTON OF THE PRAIRIE.
bilities of scientific agriculture and the doctrine
JOHN KENDRY'S IDEA. By Charles Bailey Fernald. New
that social science is “ the study of the needs York: The Outing Publishing Co.
of man and the means of satisfying them ” will
THE YOUNGER SET. By Robert W. Chambers. New York:
D. Appleton & Co.
justly provoke fresh reflection and open new
vistas.
LIGHT-FINGERED GENTRY. By David Graham Phillips.
With the kindest intentions, it is difficult New York: D. Appleton & Co.
By May Sinclair.
New York: Henry
• THE HELPMATE.
Holt & Co.
New York: Henry Holt & Co.
& Co.
Baker & Taylor Co.
By Harold Bindloss. New
York: Frederick A. Stokes Co.
To HIM THAT HATH. By Leroy Scott. New York: Double-
day, Page & Co.


1907.]
251
THE DIAL
as to afford a high degree of intellectual satisfaction. achieved veritable triumphs of characterization; she
It tells a semi-tragic story of English provincial life, has created actual persons into whose lives we enter
and its thesis (for it is a work of marked tendency) with the deepest sympathy. Nor is a story wanting,
is that a good woman, by virtue of her very good although it is a story which makes its essential ap-
ness, may work the most abominable mischief. The peal to the cultivated intelligence, and is devoid of
title of the book is ironical, for the woman in ques sensational happenings. The scene is Edinburgh,
tion, so far from being a helpmate to her husband, for the most part, varied by excursions to country
deals with him in such exasperating fashion that places, to Italy, and even to Portugal. The men are
she drives him into the immorality of a clandestine mostly theological students, ministers, and priests,
establishment. It seems to be the author's intention although one layman, a physician, plays an im-
to condone this lapse, and throw all the responsi- portant part. Of the women, one is a settlement
bility upon the “spiritual voluptuary” to whom he worker with medical training, another, her sister, is
is wedded, which attitude results in a certain con a worldling zealous in the interests of the Catholic
fusion of moral values. We are constantly assured,
We are constantly assured, church, still another is an actress who becomes cele-
in set terms, that he is essentially a good man brated in the course of the story. And out of all
one of the best of men - and this assurance, despite this diverse material we get a picture of human life
the clearness of his grievance, we cannot discover that grows fairly absorbing in its interest as we
to be borne out by any interpretation of character proceed, a dramatic structure in which the claims of
based
upon his conduct. As a matter of fact, he both spirit and sense are allowed, a residual philos-
is exhibited to us as the homme sensuel moyen, ophy that is shaped to fine intellectual issues, yet
capable enough of negative goodness, but too easy which keeps all the time in close contact with the
going and weak of will to arouse in us any deeper world of practical affairs.
form of sympathy than a mild and qualified pity. “The Successor," by Mr. Richard Pryce, is an
The wife forgives him, but in a superior sort of English novel three years old, although now pub-
way, and what he wants is not so much forgiveness | lished in this country for the first time.
It con-
as wifely affection. He is constitutionally incapable cerns the desire of Lord Alton de Merringham for
of sinking to the depth of abasement which, in her an heir to whom his estate may descend. He has
opinion, ought to be his spiritual level, and it seems already buried two wives when the story opens, and
to him that to live a clean life henceforth is the is married to a third, who remains childless, like her
only comfortable and sane way of atoning for his predecessors. Failing a direct heir, the estate must
past missteps. This, however, is not her affair, and go to a nephew, a nice enough boy, but one whose
because he will not, of his own motion, remain for mother is so ambitious for her son that she is de-
ever plunged in black gulfs of remorse for her mor plorably lacking in tact in suggesting his claims
bid satisfaction, she thinks that she must make his upon her kinsman. In this situation the third Lady
life miserable by the means that are still within Alton has an idea. It is an idea so audaciously im-
her reach. In this she is entirely successful, and, moral that even a modern novelist would not dare
although the book closes with the prospect of a new to put it in plain terms, and we come no nearer to
dawn of hope for his blighted life, it is difficult for a statement in the present instance than the decla-
us to believe that the old estrangement will not soon ration of one of the characters that he has "such a
recur. The book is certainly a remarkable study little story to tell of silence and mystery and the
of the marital relation, although in a case excep- night as Boccaccio, at one end of the line of story-
tional rather than typical. It is extremely plain tellers, or de Maupassant at the other, would have
spoken at times, but not in a way that should offend rejoiced to find to his pen.” What the story is we
a healthy mind.
learn by indirection, and imperfectly at that, as the
Growth,” by Miss Margaret Todd, is a novel plot is worked out. Presently Lord Alton dies,
difficult to describe in terms that shall convey an regretful at losing his hold upon life, but maliciously
adequate idea of its remarkable qualities. The title happy in the knowledge that a child will soon be
is unpromising, to begin with, and yet it is exactly born to bear his name. The rest of the story deals
the right title for a book that records the develop with the growth of this child to womanhood, the sin-
ment of its characters, and makes us know them bygular efforts of her mother to appease an awakened
showing us how they react to their environment. conscience, and the final righting by his marriage
The substance of the book is very largely religious with the heiress of the wrong that had been done
discussion, embracing types of thought as far re the nephew. However venturesome the foundation
moved from one another as Scotch Presbyterianism of its plot, this book cannot be charged with gross-
and the faith of Rome. This, again, seems far from ness; it handles a situation that is, to put it mildly,
a recommendation of the book to the interests of a difficult one, with both delicacy and distinction of
novel-readers. And yet without this feature, the treatment. Its spirit is that of comedy clinging to the
story simply could not have been brought into exist skirts of tragedy, and its method has been learned
ence. We can promise those who are not repelled in the school of Mr. Henry James. The seasoned
at the outset by these forbidding considerations that reader will get from it no great harm, but much
they will find in them no cause of serious offence. delightful entertainment. The immature reader will
In half a dozen instances at least, Miss Todd has do just as well not to make its acqnaintance.


252
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
DIAL
66
occurs.
For the second time, if memory serves, Mr. John is a vigorous one, mostly about people with red
Oxenham has found a setting for a novel in the blood in their veins, and it has a skilfully-contrived
Channel Islands. “A Man of Sark” tells, in the plot. The hero's impersonation of another man
first person, of the adventures of a sturdy youth leads to exciting complications, and it is difficult to
who seeks his fortunes as a privateer during the see how he is going to extricate himself from the
Napoleonic wars. Although loyal to England, he false position in which he is placed. But his ser-
is mistaken for a Frenchman after an exciting vices to the little farming community, which he
engagement, and his English captors take him to a teaches to win prosperity out of seeming disaster,
prison stockade by the North Sea. When he escapes are so substantial that when the hour of disentangle-
and finds his way back to Sark, he is welcomed as ment comes, he both clears his name and finds con-
one from the dead. He is also just in time to rescue donation for his deception. In the wheat-raising
the maiden whom he has loved all his life from region of Western Canada, Mr. Bindloss has found
the hands of certain villainous persons who have a field almost as virgin to the novelist as to the
abducted her. This is only a small part of the whole agriculturist, and so subdued it to his purposes that
story, which begins with the hero's childhood, but his work will not easily be matched. We cannot
it is the dramatic climax. The author has evidently help noting one persistent peculiarity of his diction-
steeped himself in the history, the folk-lore, and the the use of the word “dollars” where money
eustoms of the island folk whom he describes, and would be the natural word to employ. Is this idio-
tells a tale that is deeply appealing and full of varied matic to the country of which he writes? We have
interest.
noticed it frequently in all three of the novels above
We approach Mr. Conrad's “The Secret Agent" named, and it gives us a slight shock every time it
with anticipations that are not fulfilled. Its pro-
gramme of anarchists and bombs and detectives The ingenious author of “The Cat and the
promises lively entertainment, but we get instead Cherub” has given us a full-fledged novel in “ John
interminable descriptions and discussions of motive. Kendry's Idea.” It is a California novel, and it
The result is a good story completely smothered by has much to do with Chinatown and its denizens
analysis. Both analysis and characterization are with ways that are dark. There is a particularly
exceedingly acute, for few men are Mr. Conrad's picturesque old scoundrel named Chan Kow who,
equals in command of the incisive touch and the when things get too hot for him, contrives his own
illuminating phrase. But a novel upon such a taking-off (by means of a substitute), and departs
theme as this calls for action, and again action, and for Paris to enjoy his deviously-gotten wealth. This
of this we get next to nothing. We hardly recall an obese compound of philanthropy and villainy is an
equal disappointment since reading " The Princess adept in disguises, and we never know under what
Casamassima." If the reader will make up his name or in what form he will next appear. He ex-
mind beforehand to look for nothing but psycho- ploits his fellow-countrymen, whom he calls cochons
logical interest, he will find it a-plenty. But the de Chinois, and takes care to gratify all his private
natural man in him must be prepared for shocks. revenges before he takes his leave from the scene.
He will be expected to remain unchafed while a His connection with the story comes from his friend-
dramatic conversation is indefinitely suspended until ship for the hero, to whose father he had owed his
the author has freed his own capacious mind at great start in business, and from his knowledge of the opera-
length, and, when the anarchist outrage which is the tions of a gang of counterfeiters, whom the hero is
climax of the story actually comes off, he will be bent upon unearthing.
bent upon unearthing. The motive of this quest is
expected to hark back, and toil laboriously up to the supplied by his interest in a young woman, who is
climax a second time. These things are exasperat- involved with the counterfeiters in some unexplained
ing, of course, but they are inseparable from Mr. fashion. John's Idea is a vague one of doing some-
Conrad's way of working, and those who have read thing for the benefit of mankind of becoming “a
his other books are fairly forewarned. In compari- part of the whole Continuous Performance." But
son with the bulk of this narrative, its grim closing it is too indefinite to interest us until it finds con-
chapters have an unexpected directness and concen crete embodiment in the heroine, from which time
tration.
on the story itself is a continuous performance, ex-
Again, in “Winston of the Prairie,” as recently in cept for certain long-winded passages of analytical
"The Dust of Conflict,” Mr. Harold Bindloss pre- philosophy that the judicious reader will skip. It
sents us with a hero who is under unjust suspicion is a story of many startling surprises; in fact, there
of murder, and who, in consequence, seeks new sur is an ambush upon nearly every page; that anything
roundings and adopts a new name. Again, also, like it ever happened, or could happen, we greatly
despite the suspicion attaching to him, he wins the doubt, but that does not prevent its being a highly
love of a girl who is conquered by his sheer manli- readable melodrama, with a style that comes near to
ness, and whose faith in him remains unshaken by exhibiting distinction.
false report. Here the similarity ends, for the new Reading "The Younger Set," by Mr. Robert W.
novel takes us, not to Cuba, but to the Canadian Chambers, we are compelled to repeat what we said
Northwest, with which country the author showed of “The Fighting Chance," — that the author has
us his familiarity in “ Alton of Somasco.” The tale been ill-advised to desert the field of historical and


1907.]
253
THE DIAL
as
fantastic romance for the field of modern realism. serve the secret which has made him an outcast and
He is much more interesting when he deals with left the memory of his dead friend enshrined. The
Revolutionary scenes and characters than when he heroine, who is the daughter of one of these pluto-
deals with the undesirable citizens who live in our crats whom our novelists delight in holding up to
modern fashionable society, and who constitute noth- contumely, has loved David before his disgrace, and
ing more than the scum upon the surface of our real after his release from prison tries to aid him in the
civilization. The “ “younger set he describes it, rehabilitation of his character. In a deeply impres-
and as we know it only too well from journalistic sive scene, she at last discovers the truth about him,
report, seems to be devoid of both manners and and is overwhelmed by compassion at the thought of
ideals, and its existence would be difficult to justify his long martyrdom. At the same time her eyes are
upon any grounds. Of course, Mr. Chambers, in opened concerning the sources of her father's wealth ;
his capacity of chronicler and satirist, ostensibly she leaves her luxurious home, and becomes David's
shares this view, but we cannot help feeling that he wife, accepting all the obloquy for the sake of her
is no less anxious to exhibit his intimate familiarity love. The plot of the novel is forced, as we have
with the ways of “smart” people than he is to scourge seen, and the action is over-melodramatic, but it is a
their follies and expose the vacuity of their life. The particularly striking production for all that, and its
treatment is marred by the note of insincerity, and essential pathos is relieved by much subsidiary inci-
the virtuous types that the author contrasts with the dent, and even by touches of genuine humor.
vicious ones are too unreal to be taken seriously. It was inevitable that the insurance scandals of
The hero is too preposterously good, and the heroine, two years ago should sooner or later furnish the
adorable though she be, is too nearly impossible as enterprising novelist with materials for a tale. Mr.
a product of such surroundings. She is like the David Graham Phillips is the one who has seized
pure water-lily blossoming upon the surface of the the opportunity, and his production is entitled
foul waters, but the simile is too pretty to be true. "Light-fingered Gentry.” The easy-going methods
The story has many elements of popularity, and will of the insurance corporations, as revealed in the
probably attract a large public. Its melodramatic Hughes investigation, are effectively exploited, as
contrasts and episodes, the sentiment with which it well as the corrupt alliance of political with finan-
reeks, the up-to-date jargon of its conversations, and cial interests whereby the system was so strength-
the general animation which pervades it, are quali-ened that it seemed impregnable to attack. In the
ties that appeal strongly to the average reader of case of the novel, matters do not come to the point
fiction. It has, besides, certain elements of positive of public exposure, for the hero is not an eloquent
excellence, such as constructive art, poetical elegance district attorney, but merely an officer of one of the
of diction, and a sympathetic touch. The author companies, whose interests are best served by its
is particularly happy in writing about children, and reorganization upon a relatively honest basis of
his little girl of twelve or fourteen is so natural and dealing with the public. Mr. Phillips is well ac-
withal so winsome a creation that we are inclined quainted with the ins and outs of his subject, but
to think of her as the most successful of his char his portrayal of conditions is marked by a stronger
acters.
bias against the methods of the companies than the
Mr. Leroy Scott's “ To Him That Hath” is an facts would be likely to justify. Still, considering
unusually striking and effective novel. It is based the possibilities of sensationalism inherent in the
upon a principle of casuistry that no clear-sighted theme, he has avoided the extremer forms of over-
person could justify, and it involves a self-sacrifice statement. The private interest of the story is
that is, calmly considered, preposterous, but, given inconsiderable. The chief magnate has a daughter,
these questionable conditions, the story is invested who in due course discovers that her father is not
with absorbing interest. The hero, placed in charge
The hero, placed in charge the humane and upright person she has hitherto
of the affairs of the Rev. Philip Morton, head of St. believed him to be. This is a frequently-worked
Christopher's Mission in the slum regions of New situation, but in the present case, the young woman
York, suddenly deceased, discovers that his friend, in question is not the real heroine. That place is
reputed a saint, has really committed suicide to escape filled by the hero's wife, whom he divorces early in
the consequences of an embezzlement of the mission the narrative, and long afterwards, when the rich
funds. David Aldrich, the hero in question, is possibilities of her nature are revealed to him, he
appalled at the thought of an exposure, and of the seeks to win once more. This reawakened love
blow that it would deal to Morton's devoted followers, proves doubly his salvation, for it not only restores
reclaimed from evil by what has seemed to be the his domestic happiness, but also works in him a
example of his devoted life. He takes the burden of moral regeneration which bears fruit in the conduct
the crime upon his own shoulders, and suffers the of the business which is at last brought under his
penalty of the law, which means a prison term of control.
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
several years. All this is hurried over in a few open-
ing pages. The substance of the story is found in
“Sir Gawain and the Lady of Lys,” translated by
David's efforts to earn a living after his release, in
Miss Jessie L. Weston, is published by Mr. David
his struggle with the extreme of poverty and Nutt as the seventh number of his charming series of
wretchedness, and in his desperate devices to pre Arthurian romances not found in Malory.


254
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
Last studies
of an English
scholar.
as the
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
the country house, sketches its rise to the height of
its power in Tudor times, when its political and
The news of the death of Sir Spencer social functions had become fully developed, and
Walpole came last summer as a shock shows how, now as then, its influence is strong and
to the readers of his historical writ- ' its place in the structure of English society assured.
ings. His judgments were those of a man of large in sixteen lengthy chapters Mr. Escott conducts his
experience in public affairs. He had a sure and readers to as many groups of country houses, tracing
penetrating glance beyond the threshold of person the rise of each great family, characterizing its most
ality, and could estimate the forces which led to interesting representatives and most famous visitors,
great decisions. From his writings one would infer drawing upon a store of racy anecdote and curious
that he had the saving grace of humor, and that legend, and fully substantiating his claim that the
other grace, akin to it, of genial appreciation of country house has associations with the spiritual,
those with whose principles of action he could not literary, and social movements of the nation, which
agree. The loss of a man of such qualities of mind are even stronger than those more picturesque and
seems intimate and irreparable. The regret will popularly recognized bonds which unite it with the
be increased by the reading of his “Studies in chase, the turf, and the stage. Mr. Escott pursues
Biography” (Dutton), which was published earlier his subject with a leisurely thoroughness that is
in the year. Several of these essays have already characteristically British, but his style is crisp and
appeared in English reviews.
With the exception nervous enough to hold the reader's interest. Here
of two (one on Prince Bismarck, another on is his characterization of the eleventh duke of
Napoleon III.), they relate to Englishmen — Sir Norfolk, known among his intimates
Robert Peel, Mr. Cobden, Lord Dufferin, Edward “Jockey," and famous for his large hospitality :
Gibbon, Mr. Disraeli, and Lord Shaftesbury. There “A shrewd, tolerably read, voluble man, with a
is also an essay on “Some Decisive Marriages of smattering of literature and science that passed, in
English History.” Sir Spencer distributes his judg a duke, for learning, he said some clever things,
ments as he moves along. In the case of Bismarck about Ireland in particular, but more that were
and Napoleon III., if not of Disraeli, he uses some merely coarse, on all subjects in general.” Mr.
hard words. One may be inclined to feel, for Escott is an expert gatherer of bon mots, such as
example, that he gives the famous “ blood and iron ” Balfour's description, given at a Battle house-party
speech a setting unnecessarily ugly, With Bismarck in 1881, of Disraeli's conve
versation, 6 A brazen
this was not a dogma of political action, but, rather, mask talking his own novels,”
mask talking his own novels," – or the Evangelical
an inference from past experience. Other men have Mrs. Sargent's partisan denunciation of Newman
sought ends which have implied as much bloodshed, as “a confirmed old Papist.” The Pembrokes, the
but have avoided the odium of declaring frankly Stanhopes, Byron, Disraeli, Gladstone, and Horace
where it all led to. One reads with greater relish Walpole are a few of the names that Mr. Escott
the essays on the Englishmen. These do not pre mentions most often; but one merit of his book is
sent matter which is new to readers of the author's its avoidance of monopolies, whether exercised by
other books, but they emphasize the personal side persons or periods. An index to proper names
and introduce much that would be irrelevant in renders Mr. Escott's mass of material available for
the ordinary historical narrative.
In the essay on
hasty consultation.
Disraeli he reaffirms the opinion which he expressed
a few years ago in his 46 History of Twenty-five
A curious and not wholly edifying
Benjamin
Years,” — namely, that Disraeli “had few deep
spectacle is offered by Mme. de Staël
Constant.
convictions on the political questions which came
and Benjamin Constant in their un-
before him from time to time ... and he was so
happy attachment to each other. Constant appears
intent on the tactics of the political campaign, that
to have been a good deal of a coquette, and a male
he had hardly time to think on the subjects for
coquette less easily wins our indulgence than one of
the other sex.
Mme. de Staël's amours were many,
which he was struggling.” It should be added that
the reader receives from all these essays an impres-
and are now too well known to call for comment. A
sion as stimulating as if he had had a quiet and
parcel of letters written by her, between 1804 and
illuminating conversation with a man of wide obser-
1816, to her “most inconstant of Constants” has
vation and fruitful reflection.
been unearthed by a great-granddaughter of Mme.
Constant by her first marriage — the Baroness Elisa-
Mr. T. H. S. Escott has twice before beth de Nolde.
Four centuries
These letters, edited by her with
of English proved himself an astute observer abundant introductory and connecting narrative,
country life.
and a skilled interpreter of contem have recently been published in French, and are now
porary social conditions in England. His latest issued in English (in Miss Charlotte Hardwood's
book, “Society in the Country House” (Jacobs), translation) by the Messrs. Putnam. Sainte-Beuve
is an intimate, gossippy chronicle of the history of says of Mme. de Stael's relations to Constant, that
some of the great English estates, particularly those she was “his male,” he being of that unrobust, some-
in the southern counties. A trenchant introductory what unmasculine character that needs a virile com-
chapter explains the fourteenth-century origin of plement in its mate.
plement in its mate. The French way of looking
The inconstant


1907.]
255
THE DIAL
a
at such clandestine love affairs as this is well illus the Poetry of the Brownings” and of volumes upon
trated by the following editorial paragraph: “Must Shelley and Byron in Italy, --- a singularly inspiring
one always smile in hearing a liaison spoken of, or guide to intimate acquaintance with recondite poetic
regret the indiscretion committed when the details treasure.
are published ? A love that weakens, and sometimes,
Mr. Francis Coutts presents in “The
alas ! destroys genius, should be punished by oblivion;
A study of the
Book of Job.
Heresy of Job” (John Lane Co.)
but there is another love that is worthy to live by
an attractive and useful volume con-
remembrance, because without it, perhaps, genius taining, first, introductory matter explaining the
would not have flown so high. It is a necessity with editor's conception of the poem's purpose and mean-
some natures, to find beings whose intelligent under ing; second, the poem itself divided into three
standing permits them to pour forth their over-full parts, Prologue, Debate, and Epilogue; third, some
souls. To bow to convention, to restrain an un pages of notes elucidating certain obscurities in the
quenched thirst for happiness, is sometimes more text; fourth, an appendix containing the speech of
fatal to genius than to give way to its inclinations.” Elihu the Buzite, which the editor regards as an in-
These letters of Mme. de Staël, with their frequent terpolation; fifth, a list of commentaries consulted ;
references to current events, have some historical as and, finally, the “Illustrations of the Book of Job,
well as biographical interest, but are perhaps not Invented and Engraved by William Blake," and
quite so important or interesting as the Baroness de first published in 1825, by Blake himself. Job's
Nolde would have us believe. The translation is
“heresy” consisted not in a denial of God or a
little too obviously a translation.
rejection of religion, but rather in a refusal to sub-
Wordsworth
We live in a busy time, and some of
scribe to the smug orthodoxy of his three friends,
Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar, - a refusal that finds
and the English our greatest poets are inaccessible
lake district.
itself amply justified in what the editor entitles
creatures who stand quietly aloof,
“The Epilogue,” being the last eleven verses of the
well content to let the busy world do without their
book. Epilogue and Prologue are printed in prose
messages, if the busy world so elects. This is the
form; the Debate, or body of the poem, being ar-
situation which Mrs. Anna Benneson McMahan's
skilfully edited anthology, “With Wordsworth in
ranged metrically. Worthy of note is the variety
England” (McClurg), endeavors to grapple with.
of ways in which this work has been classified by
its various admirers. Mr. John Owen, in his book
Mrs. McMahan refers, in her introduction, to the
on "The Five Great Skeptical Dramas of History,"
natural desire of Wordsworth's admirers, when trav-
brackets it with the “Prometheus Bound,” “Faust,"
elling through the regions he has immortalized, to
Hamlet,”a
identify the actual spots mentioned in the poems.
"and “El Magico Prodigioso," as a drama.
Mr. Chesterton has written an essay upon it as an
“ The attempt to do so from the top of a coach,”
she adds, “with a copy of “The Excursion’in hand,
epic poem - a tribal epic, if we remember rightly.
is a familiar sight in the Lake District of England. Coutts calls it “one of the grandest epic utterances
And now, following somewhat in his footsteps, Mr.
The result is a failure both geographically and poet-
ically.” It was Professor Knight who, twenty years
ever given to the world.” The reader may find
it worth while, incidentally, to look up Professor
ago, suggested the publication in one volume of
Jastrow's recent article on a Babylonian forerunner,
the poems of Wordsworth containing allusions to
or archetype, of our biblical Job. The Hebrew
the Lake Country. Mrs. McMahan has enlarged the
poet to whose genius we owe the latter is supposed
plan to include a few poems connected with the
poet's early life in Somersetshire, and some of
to have lived, in the period following the return
from Babylon.
Wordsworth's letters, as well as a few of Dorothy
Wordsworth's. She has also provided a comple-
Under the title of “England and the
An Englishman's
ment of over sixty very beautiful illustrations, interpretation English ” (McClure Co.) Mr. Ford
which the publishers have had skilfully reproduced.
of his people. Maddox Hueffer has written a good-
These will recall to the tourist the places that he sized volume designed to be "an interpretation" of
saw from the coach-top, and they will help the less the English people in town and country. Though
travelled reader to realize the almost magical charm not a guide book in the ordinary sense, the volume
of Wordsworth’s environment. Litst but not least, may be profitably read by anyone purposing a trip
Mrs. McMahan has written a general introduc to England, for the introductory impressions it affords
tion, intended to disarm popular prejudice against of the people and their environment. To one who
Wordsworth's self-centred austerity by emphasiz- has seen England and the English at first hand, the
ing the more winning side of his personality, and book will have only a recreative interest. Parts of
also a special introduction for each of the four it will remind him pleasantly of his own experiences
groups into which she has divided the poems and and impressions, while other parts will suggest to him
letters. These prefatory notes are very brief, and numerous points of disagreement. The author has
contain chiefly significant biographical items culled produced a book of personal impressions only. He
from memoirs not likely to come within the ken of writes in a slightly psychologic vein, in language as
the busy “general reader.” Mrs. McMahan has informal as Lamb's, though far less economical. The
already proved herself, as editor of “ Florence in first five chapters, devoted to London, form the most
66


256
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
down-trodden
millions.
Canada as
other's see her.
readable as well as the most valuable part of the Canadian tariffs and their influence upon the growth
book. They take up, successively, “The Soul of of Canada's trade with Great Britain and the United
London,
,” “Roads into London,” “Work in London,” States, respectively, is a valuable addition to the
and “ Rest in London.” Inviting as these chapter literature of the subject.
heads
are,
the reader will not obtain from a perusal
of the subject matter as much information as he is
How can it be right, how is it even
The revolt of
likely to expect. It will give him, however, a use-
possible, for us to enjoy life and to
ful and fairly accurate picture of London as it im-
take delight in literature and art,
presses one to-day,
of London, the ever-growing,
when millions of our fellow-beings are starving and
all-absorbing city democracy that inspires the admira- other tens of millions are only keeping the wolf
tion of every visitor and the interest of
every
student from the door by a dreary and desperate struggle of
of municipal institutions. The reader of serious lifelong duration? This question cannot but present
purpose will feel no little disappointment that the
itself to the reader of Mr. Charles Edward Russell's
" interpretation" is not more interpretative. The
social and economic studies entitled “The Uprising of
author's over-fondness for dissertation is a blemish the Many” (Doubleday). These chapters, largely a
that grows more trying to the reader as he advances. republication of material thạt has already appeared
From London one is taken through another series
in “Everybody's Magazine,” form a powerful in-
of chapters into the English country. Instead of a
dictment against the shameless greed of “vested
description of that which is truly picturesque from
interests," and exhibit our own country as tolerating,
the traveller's point of view, or a study of social and
constitutionally, legally, and by tacit consent, some
industrial conditions such as would appeal to the
of the most outrageous injustices in the history of the
student, Mr. Hueffer talks diffusively of rural sights world. The author has travelled widely, and with
and scenes, of people and their manners, in terms
his
eyes open; and while he brings from India, with
half historical and half in the present tense. “ The
her famines and plagues and other preventable ills
Spirit of the People,” “Faiths,” and “Conduct ” are of the most grievous sort, an account of social con-
among the subjects which conclude the volume. ditions that goes some way toward reconciling an
American to his own happier lot, the description
Every broad-minded Canadian will of certain excellent features in the government of
welcome such reasonable criticism of Switzerland and in the young commonwealths of
himself and his country as is con Australia and New Zealand, with detailed pictures
tained in Mv J. A. Hobson's “Canada To-day” of the seemingly excellent working of government-
(Wessels). Mr. Hobson frankly admits the limi owned railways and other public utilities, almost
tations of any such attempt to appraise the life and inspires a longing to emigrate. The book tends to
characteristics of a new country, developing with
convince one, among other things, that there may
extraordinary rapidity, and presenting problems of be something of profound wisdom in President
unusual complexity, from the data of a more or less Woodrow Wilson's recent suggestion that we need
casual visit. At the same time he very properly a new constitution adapted to the new conditions.
contends that the intelligent onlooker has the advan It is rather strange that Mr. Russell's wide-ranging
tage over the native of a broader and more detached
travels and studies failed to include Russia ; but his
point of view. He will, of course,
66 miss all the book is rich in instructive matter as it is.
finer texture of the spirit and life of the people,
will learn very little of their domestic life or the
Some radical
Few subjects are so unfailingly inter-
subtler psychology that underlies their social and
esting to all sorts and conditions of
religious institutions: he will make some false
reforms.
readers as the subject of hygiene -
generalizations by imperfect induction, some abso as the quack-medicine advertiser well knows. But
lute errors of observation or of record, upon which the book now under review is not the production
critics will rightly fasten for the harrying process of a quack. Dr. Norman Bridge's "House Health,
which they profess.” Mr. Hobson thus shrewdly and Other Papers ” (Duffield) contains much good
disarms the well-meaning reviewer. It may be said, advice, and some that is perhaps not so good be-
however, with strict impartiality, that in the main cause the counsel of an extremist. The exchange
he has handled such questions as the so-called of children he seriously urges as a remedy for
Americanization of Canada, British Columbian evils arising from incompatibility of temperament,
problems, the immigration policy of the country, thus making light of the sacredness of filial and
the French in Canada, the Colonial preference, etc., parental bonds. He also recommends the transfer
with fairness and more than a measure of intelli of children from parents who for any reason feel
gence. A large portion of the book is devoted to a offspring to be a burden, to childless couples whose
discussion of Canada's fiscal policy, past, present,
happiness is incomplete for the lack of offspring.
and prospective. While Mr. Hobson's views on The virtue of ventilation and of out-door life finds
fiscal questions are somewhat discounted by his atti an ardent advocate in Dr. Bridge; but to maintain
tude (that of the typical British free-trader) of com that houses full of cracks and crannies make excel-
plaisant incredulity as touching the possibility of lent homes because sure to be well ventilated, is
merit in any other fiscal system, his analysis of the going to extremes, as perhaps also his advising us
domestic


1907.]
257
THE DIAL
to sleep with a draught blowing across the bed and devious errors of heterogeneous imitation, has entered
never to fear catching cold from an inrush of pure upon a renaissance and has already acquired a certain
air. But the fresh-air doctrine can hardly do harm
distinctive and national quality, artistic because appro-
even when preached in this radical form. The
priate to our climate and modes of living. Mr. Herbert
abomination of stuffy living rooms and unventilated
discusses typical town and country houses and the house
for all the year, both in general and in detail.
« The
assembly halls contributes much to the unenjoyment | American Country Estate” and “The House in Rela-
of life, to put it mildly. One point, in closing, to tion to Out-of-Doors are two suggestive titles to the
poor sleepers. If noises keep you awake, take a would-be landscape gardener, and a concluding chapter
small lump of paraffin, warm it in the mouth, chew on “ New Uses of Old Forms" contains some interesting
ing it, perhaps, to soften it, and apply it as a stopper theories about original effects, good and bad.
to the ear —
a morsel to each ear. It is said to be
The twenty-first volume of “ Book-Prices Current"
effective, not disagreeable, and easily removed. (London: Elliot Stock) has come to hand. It con-
tains a very full report of nearly sixty books-sales held
in London during the season of 1906-1907. Care has
been taken to omit nothing important, irrespective of
BRIEFER MENTION.
the prices realized, and to make the index especially
complete and convenient. The sales of the libraries of
Messrs. Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. are the publishers
Mr. Van Antwerp of New York and of the Duke of
of a series of six volumes, collectively entitled “ Pioneers
Sutherland were of exceptional interest, and full reports
in Education," and written by M. Gabriel Compayré.
of these and other very important sales, with the neces-
The subjects of the volumes are as follows: « Jean
sary descriptions and notes, have made the current
Jacques Rousseau and Education from Nature," “ Her-
volume a little larger than usual. The unusually high
bert Spencer and Scientific Education,” “ Pestalozzi and
Elementary Education,” “ Herbart and Education by
average price for the year is accounted for by the record
Instruction," " Montaigne and Education of the Judg. Kilmarnock edition of Burns's poems, which brought
sums realized for a few highly prized works, such as the
ment,” and “Horace Mann and the Public School in the
£700; Shakespeare's first folio, 1623, £3,600; Walton's
United States." The translations of these volumes are
Compleat Angler," 1653, £1,290; and, among the
by various hands.
manuscripts, the Shelley Note Books, which sold for
Professor Hugo P. Thieme's “Guide Bibliographique £3,000.
de la Littérature Française de 1800 à 1906” (Paris:
The “ thin paper" editions of standard authors pub-
H. Welter) is a work that represents an enormous labor
lished by Messrs. Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. provide
on the part of the compiler. There are upwards of
much good reading in moderate bulk and at a corre-
five hundred large double-columned pages of fine print, spondingly moderate price. We have before us an
giving us complete lists of the publications of nearly a edition of Hugo's novels in eight volumes, including
thousand authors, with dates and publishers, and, with “ Hans of Iceland” and “Bug Jargal,” besides the five
each author of any importance, a bibliography of criti-
great works. We have also a ten-volume set of the
cal references, based upon both books and periodicals.
more popular historical romances of Dumas. Sue's
More than eight thousand volumes of periodical liter “ The Wandering Jew" makes a two-volume set uni-
ature have been searched for these references, and this form with the above. These books have flexible leather
represents only a part of the editor's labors. Many a
covers, frontispiece illustrations, and editorial introduc-
student will arise to call him blessed for thus collecting
tions. Single-volume works of the same series give us
this mass of bibliographical material, and classifying it
the poems of Moore, Mrs. Browning, and Milton, also
for ready use.
Dante's “New Life” and “Divine Comedy
» bound
A new edition of “Stars of the Opera," by Miss together (Rossetti and Cary are the translations used).
Mabel Wagnalls, is published by the Funk & Wagnalls Another volume gives us Mr. Barrie's “The Little
Co. It is a volume of sketches, based upon personal Minister," while Reade's “ The Cloister and the Hearth”
interviews with some of our best-known operatic singers, furnishes the material for a pretty two-volume set.
while between these interviews are interspersed sketches A collection of “Imperial Songs," being poems by
of the operas with which these artists are chiefly iden-
the Emperor of Japan and other imperial and distin-
tified. There are many illustrations. A second series
guished personages, reproduced in autograph facsimile,
of Miss Gladys Davidson's “Stories from the Operas
as well as in English translations by the Rev. A. Lloyd,
is published by the J. B. Lippincott Co. This volume
is an interesting volume that comes to us from the
contains also biographical sketches and has portrait illus-
Kinkodo Publishing Co., Tokyo. Here is a sample
trations. “The Wagner Stories,” by Mr. Filson Young,
poem, expressive of one of the many admirable senti-
is a descriptive work, varied by bits of lyric, and all
ments of His Majesty :
very agreeably put together. It is published by Messrs.
“The foe that strikes thee for thy country's sake
McClure, Phillips & Co.
Strike him with all thy might.
Anyone wishing to build, remodel, or decorate a
But while thou strik'st
house, or to plan a suitable garden for it, can find some-
Forget not still to love him.”
thing suggestive and to his purpose in Mr. William The same translator gives us “ The Praises of Amida,”
Herbert's book of architectural studies,reprinted from the in a series of seven Buddhist sermons from the Japan-
“Architectural Record" under the title “Houses for Town ese of Mr. Tada Kanai. This booklet is published at
or Country” (Duffield). The book is lavishly illustrated, Yokohama by Messrs. Kelly and Walsh. One of these
with a view both to making details plainer and to prov sermons, we observe, assails “ the Devil of Objective
ing the author's main contention, namely: that Ameri Compromise" in terms that would have won the appro-
can architecture, after pursuing its course through the val of the author of “Brand."


258
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
NOTES.
upon the earlier phases of his work during the Civil
War when, acting under instructions issued by Grant,
Lincoln, and the War Department, General Eaton took
charge of the army of refugee negroes which flocked
for protection to the Union forces. This work was
carried on before the establishment of the Freedmen's
Bureau, and in the face of difficulties which have never
adequately been described.
The Franciscan Fathers at St. Michaels, Arizona, pro-
pose to publish the Dictionary of the Navajo Language
upon which they have been engaged for the past ten
years. The dictionary will contain a series of articles
on Navajo religion, ceremonies, arts, industries, each to
be followed by a list of the Navajo terms employed
therein, with more or less detailed explanation. This
descriptive text will comprise articles on the industries,
weaving, dyeing, silver working, basket making, etc.
In addition, it will contain lists of Navajo names of
persons and places, star names, names of plants and ani-
mals. The work may be best described as an ethno-
logic dictionary. It is proposed to print it at St.
Michaels, Arizona, and to issue it with the imprint of the
St. Michaels Press. The edition will be limited to not
more than 200 numbered copies, of which only 180 will
be sold. The price will be $5 per copy, payable on
delivery. Mr. Stewart Culin, of the Brooklyn Museum
Institute, is deeply interested in the publication of this
important work, and has undertaken to bring it to the
attention of scholars. Subscriptions may be sent to him.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 150 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
Smollett's “Travels in France and Italy," and
Fielding's “Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon,” are two
recent additions to the “ World's Classics,” published
by Mr. Henry Frowde.
A charming set of Richard Jefferies, in three vol-
umes, is published by the Messrs. Crowell. The books
included are “Life of the Fields,” “The Open Air,"
and Nature near London.” Mr. Thomas Coke Watkins
supplies the introductory editorial matter.
Six volumes of the “What Is Worth While" series
of booklets are sent us by the Messrs. Crowell. « The
Battle of Life" and “ The Good Old Way,” two sermons
by the Rev. Henry van Dyke, are the numbers that
will be likely to attract the largest audience.
Ibsen's“ Emperor and Galilean," in a translation based
in part upon Miss Catherine Ray's version (published
in 1876), is now added to Mr. William Archer's new
edition of Ibsen's plays. The set, which we believe is
now complete in eleven volumes, is published by Messrs.
Charles Scribner's Sons.
Three pretty booklets published by Messrs. Duffield
& Co. give us, respectively, the text of the United
States Constitution, the Declaration of Independence,
and Washington's Farewell Address. The pages are
small, with ornamental borders, and the covers have an
attractive design.
Messrs. Little, Brown, & Co. now publish a “pocket
edition” of the principal historical romances of Alex-
andre Dumas. There are fourteen volumes, with illus-
trations, and the set may be had in either cloth or
morocco covers. Similar sets of Hugo and Jane Austen
are promised for the near future.
Three attractive booklets from Messrs. Thomas Y.
Crowell & Co. give us the story of Wagner's “Rhein-
gold,” told in English verse by Mr. Oliver Huckel, an
essay on “ The Idylls and the Ages,” by Professor John
F. Genung, and a short paper on “ The Pure Gold of
Nineteenth Century Literature,” by Professor W. L.
Phelps.
“Outlines for Review” in both Greek and Roman
history are two booklets that teachers of ancient history
will find useful. They have been prepared by Messrs.
C. B. Newton and E. B. Treat, and are published by the
American Book Co. From the same publishers we have
a «Written and Oral Composition,” by Professors M. W.
Sampson and E. V. Holland, and " A Brief History of
the United States,” by Professor J. B. McMaster.
Two highly acceptable additions to the “Riverside
Literature Series of Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin &
Co: are a volume of “Selected Poems of Percy Bysshe
Shelley," edited by Professor George Herbert Clarke,
and a selection of “ Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson,
edited by Miss Mary A. Jordan. Messrs. Ginn & Co.
publish "Selections from Byron,” edited by Professor
Samuel Marion Tucker, and “ Selections from Poe,”
edited by Mr. J. Montgomery Gambrill. The Charles
E. Merrill Co. publish a volume of poems by Coleridge,
edited by Dr. Julian W. Abernethy.
“Grant, Lincoln, and the Freedmen” is the title of
an interesting volume of reminiscences by the late
General John Eaton, to be published at once by Messrs.
Longmans, Green, & Co. The book touches upon
many educational and political interests connected with
General Eaton's career as United States Commissioner
of Education from 1870 to 1886, but the emphasis is laid
66
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
My Memoirs. By Alexandre Dumas; trans. by E. M. Waller,
with Introduction by Andrew Lang. Vol. I., 1802 to 1821. With
photogravure frontispiece, 12mo, pp. 518. Macmillan Co.
-$1.75 net.
The True Patrick Henry. By George Morgan. Hlus., 12mo,
gilt top, pp. 492. J. B. Lippincott Co. $2. net.
Life and Times of Stephen Higginson. By Thomas
Wentworth Higginson. Tlus. in photogravure, 12mo, gilt
top, pp. 306. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $2. net.
The Real Blake : A Portrait Biography. By Edwin J. Ellis.
Illus., 8vo, gilt top, pp. 444. McClure Co. $3.50 net.
The Last Days of Mary Stuart, and the Journal of
Bourgoyne, her Physician. By Samuel Cowan. With por-
traits in photogavure, etc., 8vo, gilt top, pp. 324. J. B.
Lippincott Co. $3. net.
John Harvard and His Times. By Henry C. Shelley,
Illus., 8vo, gilt top, pp. 331. Little, Brown, & Co. $2. net.
Dr. John McLoughlin: The Father of Oregon. By Frederick
V. Holman. With portraits, large 8vo, gilt top, pp. 301.
Arthur H. Clark Co. $2.50 net.
Memoirs of an Arabian Princess. Trans. by Lionel
Strachey. Illus., large 8vo, pp. 227. Doubleday, Page & Co.
$2.50 net.
François Rabelais. By Arthur Tilley. With frontispiece,
12mo, gilt top, pp. 388. “French Men of Letters." J. B.
Lippincott Co. $1.50 net.
Bernard Shaw. By Holbrook Jackson, With photogravure
frontispiece, 12mo, gilt top, pp. 233. George W. Jacobs & Co.
$1.50 net.
Alfred Tennyson. By Arthur Christopher Benson. New
edition; illus., 12mo, pp. 243. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50 net.
A Tuscan Childhood. By Lisi Cipriani. 12mo, pp. 269.
Century Co. $1.25 net.
Pioneers in Education. By Gabriel Compayré. Comprising :
Rousseau and Education from Nature, Horace Mann and the
Public School in the United States, Pestalozzi and Elemen-
tary Education, Herbert Spencer and Scientific Education;
Herbart and Education by Instruction, Montaigne and Edu-
cation of the Judgment. Each with portrait, 12mo, gilt top.
T. Y. Crowell & Co. Per vol., 90 cts. net.


1907.)
259
THE DIAL
HISTORY.
The Egyptian Sudan : Its History and Monuments. By
E. A. Wallis Budge. In 2 vols., large 8vo, gilt tops. J. B.
Lippincott Co. $10. net.
The History of the Squares of London, Topographical
and Historical. By E. Beresford Chancellor; illus. in photo-
gravure, etc., 4to, gilt top, pp. 420. J. B. Lippincott Co.
$5. net.
History of Sacerdotal Celibacy in the Christian Church.
By Henry Charles Lea. Third edition, revised ; in 2 vols.,
large 8vo, gilt tops. Macmillan Co. $5.net.
A Short History of Wales. By Owen Edwards. 12mo, pp. 139.
University of Chicago Press. 75 cts. net.
The Privy Council under the Tudors: The Stanhope
Essay, 1907. By Lord Eustace Percy. 12mo, uncut, pp. 74.
Oxford: B. H. Blackwell.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Shakespeare Studied in Six Plays. By the Hon. Albert
S. G. Canning. Large 8vo, gilt top, pp. 545. George W. Jacobs
& Co. $4. net.
Life in the Homeric Age. By Thomas Day Seymour. Illus.,
large 8vo, gilt top, pp. 704. Macmillan Co. $4. net.
The Literature of Roguery. By Frank Wadleigh Chandler.
In 2 vols., 12mo. "Types of English Literature.” Houghton,
Mifflin & Co. $3. net.
Inquiries and Opinions. By Brander Matthews. 12mo,gilt
top, pp. 305. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25 net.
Shakespeare as a Dramatic Thinker: A Popular Illustra-
tion of Fiction as the Experimental Side of Philosophy. By
Richard G. Moulton. New edition ; 12mo, gilt top, pp. 381.
Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
Arthurian Romances. New vol.: Sir Gawain and the Lady
of Lys. Trans. by Jessie L. Weston; illus. by Morris M.
Williams. 24mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 103. London: David Nutt.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
The Masterpieces of Alexandre Dumas. New Pocket
Edition; in 14 vols., each with frontispiece, 18mo, gilt edges.
Little, Brown, & Co. Per set, $14. net; per vol., $1. net.
Thin Paper Poets. New vols.: Milton's Poems, with Bio-
graphical sketch, by Nathan Haskell Dole; Dante's Divine
Comedy, edited, with Introduction and Notes, by Oscar
Kuhns; Moore's Poems, with Biographical sketch, by
Nathan Haskell Dole; Mrs. Browning's Poems, with Pre-
fatory Note by Robert Browning. Each with photogravure
frontispiece, 12mo, gilt top. T. Y. Crowell & Co. Per vol.,
limp leather, $1.25.
The World's Classics. New vols.: Smollett's Travels through
France and Italy, with introduction by Thomas Seccombe;
Fielding's Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon, edited, with intro-
duction and notes, by Austin Dobson. Each 24mo. Oxford
University Press.
BOOKS OF VERSE.
Morning. By James Whitcomb Riley. With photogravure
portrait, 16mo, gilt top, pp. 162. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.25 net.
Harps Hung Up in Babylon. By Arthur Colton. 12mo,
pp. 91. Henry Holt & Co. $1.25 net.
Songs of the Average Man. By Sam Walter Foss. Illus.,
12mo, gilt top, pp. 182. Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co. $1.20 net.
Semitones. By A. A. C. 16mo, gilt top, pp. 105. Brentano's.
Old German Love Songs. Trans. from the Minnesingers of
the 12th to 14th Centuries. By Frank C. Nicholson. 12mo,
gilt top, pp. 196. University of Chicago Press. $1.50 net.
You, and Some Others. By Agnes Greene Foster. With fron-
tispiece and decorations, 16mo, pp. 20. Paul Elder & Co.
60 cts. net.
FICTION.
The Weavers. By Sir Gilbert Parker. Illus., 12mo, pp. 532.
Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
The Lion's Share. By Octave Thanet. Illus., 12mo, pp. 376.
Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.50.
Ancestors. By Gertrude Atherton. 12mo, pp. 709. Harper &
Brothers. $1.75.
The Way of a Man. By Emerson Hough. Illus., 12mo, pp. 345.
Outing Publishing Co. $1.50.
The Car of Destiny. By C. N. and A. M. Williamson. Illus.
in color, 12mo, pp. 365. McClure Co. $1.50.
Light-Fingered Gentry. By David Graham Phillips. With
frontispiece, 12mo, pp. 451. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
Helena's Path. By Anthony Hope. With frontispiece in
color, 12mo, pp. 241. McClure Co. $1.50.
The Princess Pourquoi. By Margaret Sherwood, Illus.,
12mo, pp. 212. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.50.
Major Vigoureux. By A. T. Quiller-Couch. 12mo, pp. 400.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
The Adventurer. By Lloyd Osbourne. Illus., 12mo, pp. 396.
D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
Gret: The Story of a Pagan. By Beatrice Mantle. With fron-
tispiece in color, 12mo, pp. 403. Century Co. $1.50.
Susan Clegg and a Man in the House. By Anne Warner.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 279. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.50.
The New Religion: A Modern Novel. By Maarten Maartens.
12mo, pp. 382. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
His Own People. By Booth Tarkington. Illus. in color, etc.,
12mo, pp. 150. Doubleday, Page & Co. 90 cts. net.
The Radical. By I. K. Friedman. With frontispiece in tint,
12mo, pp. 363. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
The Domestic Adventurers. By Josephine Daskam Bacon.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 221. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.
The Crimson Conquest: A Romance of Pizarro and Peru.
By Charles Bradford Hudson. With frontispiece in color,
12mo, pp. 454. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.50.
The Revelations of Inspector Morgan. By Oswald
Crawfurd. 12mo, pp. 339. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50.
From Van Dweller to Commuter: The Story of a Strenuous
Quest for a Home and a Little Hearth and Garden. By
Albert Bigelow Paine. Illus., 12mo, pp. 416. Harper &
Brothers. $1.50.
Lord Cammarleigh's Secret : A Fairy Story of To-day. By
Roy Horniman. 12mo, pp. 346. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.50.
The Tents of Wickedness. By Miriam Coles Harris. With
frontispiece, 12mo, pp. 474. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
Those Queer Browns. By Florence Morse Kingsley. With
frontispiece in tint, 12mo, pp. 281. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50.
The Exploits of Arsène Lupin. By Maurice Leblanc;
trans. by Alexander T. de Mattos, 12mo, pp. 314. Harper &
Brothers. $1.25.
A Turnpike Lady: Beartown, Vt., 1768-1796. By Sarah N.
Cleghorn. 12mo, pp. 257. Henry Holt & Co. $1.25.
Evelyn Van Courtland. By William Henry Carson. 12mo,
gilt top. pp. 371. R. F. Fenno & Co. $1.50.
The Overman. By Upton Sinclair. With frontispiece, 12mo,
pp. 90. Doubleday, Page & Co. 50 cts.
Woodhull. By Pliny Berthier Seymour. Illus., 12mo, gilt top,
pp. 376. C. M. Clark Publishing Co. $1.50.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
Camping and Tramping with Roosevelt. By John Bur-
roughs. Illus., 12mo, pp. 111. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1. net.
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[Nov. 1,
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PROMINENT MCCLURE BOOKS
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Reminiscences of Carl Schurz
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JULES LEMAÎTRE
The Real Blake
Jean Jacques Rousseau
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student of music who is imbued with the true
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1907.)
267
THE DIAL
THREE SPLENDID NOVELS
Robert W. Chambers THE YOUNGER SET
Over 800,000 of this author's novels have been sold. This volume started at 100,000. “The
most popular writer in the country” has written this novel of New York society, which is
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David Graham Phillips
LIGHT-FINGERED GENTRY
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Lloyd Osbourne THE ADVENTURER
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LADY GERALDINE'S
COURTSHIP
A masterpiece of book manufac-
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and it is here given the setting
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DAVID
Essentially a religious
work, but the attempt has
been to take only such
parts of the Bible as shall
give a consecutive
rative of King David's
life. The volume is set in
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nar-
THE PARABLES
Dr. Lyman Abbott has con-
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that type.
“THE DIVINE SARAH’S” OWN STORY
Sarah Bernhardt MEMORIES OF MY LIFE
Without question the greatest actress of her generation, and perhaps the greatest actress of
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She is a painter and sculptor of recognized ability; she writes with great charm, and she has
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8vo. Illustrated. $4.00 net (postage additional).
D. APPLETON & CO., NEW YORK PUBLISHERS APPLETON'S MAGAZINE


268
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL.
READY IN OCTOBER
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CAIRO, JERUSALEM, AND DAMASCUS
Three Chief Cities of the Egyptian Sultans.
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VERSAILLES AND THE TRIANONS
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DODD, MEAD & COMPANY, Publishers, NEW YORK


1907.]
269
THE DIAL
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270
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
THIS MONTH'S
MAGAZINES
The Home
Book
We have all been
wanting so
long.
Poetry
A Word to Librarians:
Every librarian is constantly
being asked questions like
this about current periodicals:
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article about
in ?"
11
The only index that supplies this
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Edited by
FRANCIS F. BROWNE
Editor "Poems of the Civil War,"
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“Golden Poems'
Your regular periodical index, un-
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1907.)
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272
[Nov. 1, 1907.
THE DIAL
IMPORTANT MACMILLAN PUBLICATIONS
“THE IDEAL BIOGRAPHY OF MR. ROOSEVELT”
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Mr. Walter Crane's personal recollections
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Prof. Thomas Day Seymour's
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Dr. Hugo R. Meyer's studies of
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The Christ That Is to Be
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scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription
is desired. ADVERTISING RATEs furnished on application. All com-
about it. From the pragmatist point of view,
munications should be addressed to
this suffices. The cause or concomitant of so
THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
pleasing an effect must be itself commendable.
Philosophy, we are told, is an affair of tem-
perament. And as we all have temperaments,
No. 513. NOVEMBER 1, 1907. Vol. XLIII.
but are not quite sure that we have philosophies,
CONTENTS.
we are flattered. But, unfortunately, in addition
to the genial pragmatist temperament that
THE EQUIVOCATIONS OF PRAGMATISM. Paul
Shorey
willingly accepts a “ loose world,” and could be
273
content in the tub of Diogenes if open to the sun
CASUAL COMMENT
276
The November issue of “The Atlantic Monthly."
and air, there exists as an irreducible fact the
- The cheerful improvidence of genius. — The thin, rigid, logical temperament - whether to
late dean of British men of letters. -- The Rhodes
scholars from this country. - The rescue of the
be classified as tough or tender I hardly know.
Harvard House at Stratford.— The author of forty
And the first reaction of this temperament to a
novels. -- Mrs. Wister's translations. — Muscular
new all-embracing philosophy that can "satisfy
librarianship. — The rehabilitation of French liter-
ature. - Japanese women of letters.
both kinds of demand," and at the same time
THE QUEEN OF THE FRENCH STAGE. Percy
agreeably tickle our sense of subtlety and inge-
F. Bicknell.
279 nuity, is a lot of uncomfortable distinctions and
THE SOUTH SINCE THE WAR. Walter L. reserves. All philosophies outside of Bedlam
Fleming
281
admit the appeal to experience. But a phil-
BEGINNINGS OF THE MODERN DRAMA. Lewis
A. Rhoades.
osophy that peremptorily demands the “cash
282
ROMANCE OF THE AMERICAN FRONTIER.
value” of every proposition in experiential terms
Edwin Erle Sparks
283
may sometimes be in too great a hurry to "cash
THE FUTURE OF JAPAN
284
in." Some propositions, as Cicero knew, can
NEW IDEAS ON EDUCATION. Edward O. Sisson. 285 be cashed only by a clever orator at the bank of
Birdseye's Individual Training in our Colleges. opinion. All philosophies to-day accept in some
West's Short Papers on American Liberal Educa-
sense the test by results. But a philosophy that
tion.—Tyler's Growth and Education.—De Garmo's
Principles of Secondary Education.
makes special profession of so doing runs the
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
288 risk, despite the caveat “unless the belief
Europe after the downfall of Napoleon. -- A con incidentally clashes with other vital benefits,"
temporary of Corneille. - Robert Owen, socialist
and philanthropist. — A soldier of Japan. — An
of contemplating only immediate, obvious, emo-
unusual travel book. --A Japanese effort to explain tional consequences, to the neglect of the remoter
Japan to Americans. — Practical hints on old Chi-
effects which must be traced by close observation
nese porcelain.—Helps, new and old, to right living
and thinking:— The moral system of Shakespeare.
and prolonged consecutive thought. The imme-
NOTES
291
diate results of pragmatism are readable lectures,
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
292
and a pleasant stir and hum, as of “ something
doing' in the philosophic world. But if the
remote consequences of this contribution to the
THE EQUIVOCATIONS OF
gayety of nations included a weakening of the
PRAGMATISM.
sense of logical coherence and relevancy in all
Technical metaphysics is not the province of who take the game seriously, a painful utilitarian
THE DIAL. But a fashion of thinking, the name calculus would be required to determine the
of which“ fairly spots the pages of the philo- inclination of the balance of profit and loss, and
sophical journals,” and which has even become the consequent truth or falsity of the doctrine.
a theme of newspaper jest and comment, is The comprehensiveness claimed for the new
perhaps not too recondite for a journal of the philosophy seems to rest on a series of equivo-
.


274
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
cations. The Platonist's, the Schoolman's, the study should be its degrees, but that one thing
Berkeleian insistence on unequivocal definition is as probable as another—and more so, if it
of all ambiguous terms is triumphantly annexed is interesting or consoling. She begins with
as a part of the pragmatic method. But in his reason as the faculty or method by which we
own practice there is nothing of which the inquire what is, or must be, or probably will
pragmatist is so shy as the explicit acknowl-be, and ends by celebrating it as the triumph-
edgment of the double meanings of his words. ant affirmation of what we wish to be. She
“ Rationalist,” for example, is habitually taken alternately takes “ rational” in the sense of
in the sense of a priori absolutist, though a intelligible, in terms of efficient causation, and
recognition of the meanings given to the term intelligible in terms of conformity to the heart's
in Lecky's, or rather in Benn's, “ History of desire. She denounces metaphysics as a cobweb
Rationalism ” would force pragmatism to choose of verbal illusion spun by schoolmen, and instead
between identification with its own left wing of of dropping it and devoting herself to philology,
positivism and its right wing, “ The Will to mathematics, or history, spins a new web of
Believe.” The test of theory as “working her own with glittering threads of metaphor and
hypothesis ” by its results in the scientific order epigram.
of verifiable external fact is continually con Such is Pragmatism in its most brilliant repre-
founded with the test by alleged or predicted sentative, Professor James. It is not a logically
consequences in the moral, social, and emotional coherent doctrine or method, but the picturesque
order. True ideas are defined as those which we expression of a temperament, and of certain
can“ assimilate, corroborate, validate, verify”. lively likes and dislikes — of the genial instinct
as if the indefinite subjective term “ assimilate for the illuminating, the vivid, the human touch
were synonymous with the precise objectivity of that makes his writings such good reading, of a
“ verify."
Baconian delight in the rhetorical exaltation of
In style as well as in logic, the pragmatist scientific method and exact verification, com-
manifests a great-souled superiority to consist bined with a vivacious impatience of the thing,
ency. He protests in the name of nominalistic of a distaste for the tender, solemn, periodic, and
devotion to the concrete richness of particular pantheistic fluency of his friend and colleague
fact against such innocent abstract personifica- Professor Royce, and a natural preference for
tions as · The Law,' " . The Latin Language, his own breezy, staccato, eruptive, electrifying,
but habitually speaks of his own philosophy as Emersonian manner; above all, of the wish to
66 she
and dwells complacently on “her” gen-believe, or retain the right to believe, in cer-
iality, “her” comprehensiveness, “her” demo tain manifestations the probability of which in
cratic manners.
the present state of our knowledge is negligible,
And it must be admitted that 6 she and a consequent aversion to those close esti-
attractive. She jumbles unrelated things in so mates of the degrees of reasoned probability
fascinating an Emersonian fashion that the which tend to circumscribe and hamper the
toughest mind has a glimmering of their final flights of popular philosophy.
reconciliation in God. She says undisputed But there are other types of pragmatist and
things in such a lively way that one must be other methods of approach to the doctrine.
not only hard-headed but hard-hearted not to To some, it is simply scientific positivism or
accept the disputable into the bargain. Femme empiricism. Philosophy and literature, which
est souvent varie: She wins our assent to the are hardly progressive sciences, periodically
statement that abstract propositions must be awaken to the perception that their formulas
verified in particular experiences, and asks us to have become conventionalized and have lost
admit that speculative opinions are “validated ” touch with life and fact. The cry is raised,
if they warm the cockles of our heart and help “ Back to nature and reality.” This experience
us to live. She is convulsed with laughter at is felt as unique by each new generation of
the old-fashioned seventeenth-century garb of reformers and innovators. And the new for-
the encyclopædic Leibnitz, but is willing to mula, even when no better than the old, is at
bury Herbert Spencer in Westminster Abbey least for a time more vividly realized. Many
because, in spite of his bad literary manners, students of our own day, brought up in what
his heart was in the right place and he was Mill would undiscriminatingly style the “Ger-
fond of little facts. She affirms that abso man school” of philosophy, and supposing them-
lute truth is a chimæra, and infers not that selves to be at the opposite pole of thought from
probability is the guide of life and our chief | Mill, have, under the steady pressure of physical


1907.]
275.
THE
DIAL
science and modern empiricism, been forced into merous in our hustling time. But the Socrates
substantial agreement with him. But they are of Plato's “Gorgias" held debate with them
unwilling to wear the old-fashioned Comtist or
long ago, and heard and said all that there is to
positivist label. And they have too long bowed be said
pro
and con. They are not philosophers,
to the idol of “ Apperception " to profess them- though they supply matter for philosophy. And
selves at this late day followers of the mere they are naturally attracted to a philosophy
associationist Mill who had no use for the word which not only justifies their type, which is well,
in his vocabulary. Pragmatism enables them but may seem to “ validate” the survival of no
to express their painfully achieved empiricism other type, which is not so well.
in a language which may blend in any desired But why this fierce denunciation of the harm-
proportion new elements with the pious reten less necessary shibboleth of the most up-to-date
tion of Hegelian and Kantian terminology in a philosophy? Why, because it is neither necessary
Pickwickian sense.
nor harmless, but superfluous so far as true,
Again, there is the psychological and evolu- confusing so far as equivocal, and emasculating
tionary method of approach. From this point so far as false. A professed pragmatist may be,
of view, the much abused Herbert Spencer is as
as we have seen, a positivist unwilling to wear
the chief inspiration of the pragmatists. For
For his label, a half-emancipated Hegelian, a pys-
it is from him that they learned to look upon chologist systematically exaggerating the sub-
mind as an instrument gradually fashioned in ordination of the intellect to the will, a Kantian
the evolutionary process to serve the practical postulating what he cannot prove “ as if” it
needs of the organism, - though, it is true, the were so, a Newmanite undermining reason in the
germ of the same idea might have been found interests of dogma; a wistful poet consulting the
in a more poetic form in Schopenhauer's doc- “Oracle of the Gold-fishes”; a Napoleonic scorner
trine of the subordination of the intellect to the of “ ideologists "; an adept in psychical research
will. But is not this an admission that, after asking us to accept the indefinitely improbable
all, pragmatism is "true"? If the intellect is
If the intellect is because in the infinity of our ignorance we can-
merely a tool, a means to an end, how can it not prove it a priori impossible ; a writer of
isolate itself and operate disinterestedly in genius confounding and exploiting all these
cacuo? Well, absolutely it cannot. But we are tendencies in an entertaining book. Such a
not dealing with absolutes. In actual human word can only confuse the public, as it has con-
experience we know that there is a vast differ- fused the publishers of Professor Santayana, who
ence between the “dry light of the intellect " gravely advertise that poetic but fundamentally
and the mind all of whose processes are suffused hard-headed rationalist as a pragmatist. Of all
with emotion and which easily believes what it the possible meanings of the term, there remain
wills. We know that in nothing do men differ but one or two not already better expressed. It
more than in the measure they possess of this might be used to name the in terrorem argument
power of clear-eyed intellectual detachment popular with a certain school of Apologetics,
which we may denominate, according to taste, which challenges us to accept its dogmas on
the Schopenhauerian release of the intellect from penalty of dire consequences to the soul's welfare
the slavish service of the will, or Evolution's last or the social order if we do not.
best gift to man. It is a very precious gift; matists themselves would be the first to protest
and if pragmatism tends to confuse and impair against this limitation of the term, and Mr. Alfred
it, to encourage in its stead vague, loose, and Benn has coined a better name, or at least a less
emotional thinking, why, pragmatism is prag- ambiguous one, for the idea in his “ Ophelism."
matically condemned by its own consequences. There remains the supposition that Pragma-
Lastly, we may note as a third possible prag. tism is merely the will or the right to believe,
matic group,—the practical men, the men who | masquerading in the garb of scientific positivism
ask to have " the goods delivered," who want to and unmetaphysical common-sense. This the
“get there,” who believe that“ nothing succeeds pragmatist pronounces “an impudent slander.”
who “out for the dollars ” and But a door must be either open or shut; and
the votes, who are confronted by “ a condition, if Pragmatism is not essentially the will to
not a theory,” who know that the measure is believe, the embarrassing question which its
sure to pass, who deplore their deviations from ingenious expositor received one morning on a
the absolute ideal, but who “ had ” to have the post-card recurs: " Is a pragmatist necessarily a
money, or carry the precinct, or sell a hundred complete materialist and agnostic ?"
thousand copies. We fancy them especially nu-
PAUL SHOREY.
But the prag-
like success,
are


276
[Nov. 1,
THE
DIAL
OF
CASUAL COMMENT.
practical foresight that irritates us, and that would
bring speedy ruin and disgrace upon our own heads,
THE NOVEMBER ISSUE « THE ATLANTIC somehow allures and fascinates the uncalculating
MONTHLY" is probably the most interesting num part of our nature, which, after all, so largely
ber ever published of any American magazine. It governs our conduct and so almost exclusively deter-
marks the completion of the first half-century of a mines our affections. No worldly-unwise absurdity
periodical whose distinction may fairly be called or unpredictable eccentricity on the part of the late
unique -- a periodical more intimately associated artist Whistler, for instance, could make him other
than
any
other with the best traditions of our liter than a most entertaining and, on the whole, ingra-
ature, and intrenched as no other has ever been in tiating personality. There has lately come to light
the affections of our more serious public. No other an incident that illustrates, though not in just the
magazine is a national institution in the sense of the way one might have expected, his extraordinary
** Atlantic,” and no other can boast a career of such forgetfulness in practical matters and his utter lack
high and uniform achievement. Adapting itself of business instinct. Being dunned by a creditor
freely to the changing needs of the successive years, whose patience had become exhausted, and receiving
it has always stood for sobriety and sanity as well formal notice that legal measures would be resorted
as for literary excellence, and has always upheld to unless remittance of the amount due was made by
the finer ideals of thought and conduct. For this return of post, the artist sought the aid and advice
steadfastness in the faith as delivered to the fathers of a friend living in the neighborhood. Explaining
of the republic it deserves well of their descendants, that he had a small balance at his banker's, the
and the ripe age to which it has now attained amount of which he could not tell, he asked his
should
prove
the occasion of many a warm tribute friend to stop at the bank on his way to business
to its virtues. As the covers of the magazine have and ascertain how much the deposit lacked of
informed us for many years, it has been devoted to eighteen pounds, the amount of the debt; and this
literature, science, art, and politics, and it is thus deficiency the friend was requested to make good,
appropriate that each of these great interests, as as a temporary loan, so that Whistler might imme-
related to American life, should be made the sub- diately mail a check to his creditor. The desired
ject of a fifty years' review in this jubilee number. assistance was promised, and soon the state of the
Colonel Higginson, President Pritchett, Dr. Mabie, artist's account was being looked into by the bank
and President Wilson, are the respective authors of cashier, who after a few minutes' search among the
these four retrospective surveys.
But even more ledgers submitted to the astonished friend a memo-
interesting is Professor Norton's account of “ The randum indicating that James A. McNeill Whistler
Launching of the Magazine,” Mr. J. T. Trowbridge's had to his credit a balance of something over six
** An Early Contributor's Recollections,” Mr. W. D. thousands pounds — a pleasant revelation to the
Howells's “ Recollections of an Atlantic Editorship,” absent-minded depositor, though he was sorely puz-
to say nothing of the hitherto unpublished poem by zled to account for the whence and the wherefore
Lowell, — all of which features precede the four of that astonishing balance.
special summaries. Nor is the feast yet ended, for
President Wilson has no sooner ended his plea for
THE LATE DEAN OF BRITISH MEN OF LETTERS,
the individualism that is essentially American, than
David Masson, so long survived the appearance of
Mr. Arthur Gilman entertains us with an account of
his more important literary works that probably
* Atlantic Dinners and Diners.” He is followed by
more than one admirer of his monumental “ Life of
the present editor, who has unearthed the old cor-
respondence-book of F. H. Underwood, and, under
Milton” only became aware that its author was still
alive from reading the notice of his death — if the
the caption “ The Editor Who Was Never the
bull is permissible. Sixty-three years ago Carlyle
Editor,” has printed a great number of interesting hailed the young author of “The Three Devils :
letters. Finally, we have a chatty contribution on
Luther's, Milton's, and Goethe's ” as the honestest
“ Unbound Old Atlantics” by Miss Lida F. Baldwin.
We say finally, and yet besides all these treasures
of literary craftsmen and a friend that was simple,
sincere, open-minded, and helpful. Long after that,
of reminiscence, the anniversary nnmber contains
it is interesting to recall, this honest literary crafts-
much matter of the usual sort. But that is another
man was proposed to Carlyle, or by him, as perhaps
story.
the suitable person to undertake the difficult and
THE CHEERFUL IMPROVIDENCE OF GENIUS has delicate task that finally, as all the world knows,
something winsome in it, even to those who have fell to Froude. In a review of Lord Cockburn's
to foot the bills of these care-free children of "Life of Lord Jeffrey,” contributed to “The North
the muses. Burns, De Quincey, Landor, William British Review” fifty-five years ago, Professor
Godwin, Bronson Alcott, Leigh Hunt, and all the Masson, discussing Scottish influence on British
other Harold Skimpoles, whether of fact or of fiction, literature, inclines to the opinion that the peculiar
are interesting and attractive largely because of characteristic of the Scotch intellect, the funda-
their sharing with the lilies of the field a constitu mental quality of the perfervidum ingenium Scot-
tional inability to toil and spin. That very lack of orum, is emphasis. “All Scotchmen are emphatic,"


1907.]
277
THE DIAL
fool of any
" His
OF
he declares. “ If a Scotchman is a fool, he gives by Englishmen only after an ordinary law course
such emphasis to the nonsense he utters as to be and several years' practice at the bar. One of the
considerably more insufferable than
five Americans took first class on examination at
other country; if a Scotchman is a man of genius, the end, one a second, and the others thirds. Eight
he gives such emphasis to the good things he has to American students followed special or research
communicate that they have a supremely good chance courses analogous to those required for the Ph.D.
of being at once or very soon attended to." In degree in our universities ; but three were forced to
Masson's vigor and effectiveness there is surely no abandon their projects for lack of adequate instruc-
lack of emphasis. Whatever he had to communicate tion or direction, two failed to pass their examinations,
had a very good chance of being attended to with and three secured degrees. Of the three remaining
out much delay. Born in Aberdeenshire and hold out of the whole number, one chose not to "read
ing for almost half his long life a professorship in for
any degree, while the other two selected courses
Edinburgh University, he was through and through impossible to finish in three years; and one of these
a Scotchman, and was also the teacher of eminent two remains longer, at his own expense, the other
Scotchmen, from Ian Maclaren and Henry Drum being permitted to carry on his studies in absentia.
mond in the late sixties, to Barrie and Crockett in the This is a very good showing, on the whole, for
early eighties-- and who knows how many others, pioneers, and encourages hope for better things still
of a later decade, that are still to make themselves to come. If none of our men has yet proved him-
famous ? As first editor of “ Macmillan's Magazine," self a prodigy of scholarship, a Rhodes Colossus, so
young Masson rallied about him as contributors to speak, it must be remembered what disadvantages
many of the foremost writers of the time, with of various kinds this initial lot of Americans had to
Carlyle, Tennyson, and Thackeray among them. As contend against in meeting the Oxford students on
a force stimulating to good literary work by both their native heath. But whatever they may have
example and precept, he made himself felt in London failed to acquire of book-learning, they have enjoyed
as afterward in Edinburgh. Filling for many years advantages of foreign travel, have seen a bit of the
a chair of English literature and rhetoric, he gained great world, and have in most cases picked up a
the love as well as the respect of his pupils. modern language or two, in a conversational way,
work in the class,” says one who knows, was on the Continent.
always alive with enthusiasm, the enthusiasm born
THE RESCUE THE HARVARD HOUSE AT
of broad scholarship and resolute conviction that he
STRATFORD is to be credited to two widely separated
had a great message to deliver. The text of the
and widely different persons Miss Marie Corelli
lectures was not the main thing; it was the man.
of Stratford-on-Avon, and Mr. Edward Morris of
Belief, not novelty, is the basis of all originality.
Chicago. The current number of “The Harvard
Masson did not seek to train special researchers
Graduates' Magazine” gives an interesting account,
along Ph.D. lines of barren activity; his aim was
from Miss Corelli's pen, of her disinterested and
ever to develop that latent power of vision which is
(by Mr. Morris's generous aid) successful endeavors
the source of all great literary expression.”
to preserve for all time (humanly speaking) the
historic house on High Street, Stratford, where in
THE RHODES SCHOLARS FROM THIS COUNTRY, of the year 1605 Katharine Rogers married Robert
which the first have now been graduated, promise Harvard, and where, as a boy of seven or eight,
to reflect no discredit on the land of their birth. It their son John, visiting his grandparents, must more
is just three years ago that forty-three students from than once have seen William Shakespeare pass along
all parts of the United States, from urban universities the street to or from the house that he had recently
and from fresh-water colleges, matriculated at Oxford built for himself, and that was long ago suffered to
and selected their various courses of study. Of this yield to the ravages of time, or iconoclasm. This
number two died and one resigned his scholarship Rogers-Harvard house was built in 1596, when
before completing the course, while the remaining Katharine was twelve years old, by her father
forty are accounted for as follows: Twenty-four Thomas Rogers ; and before Miss Corelli and Mr.
entered regular courses leading to the degree of Morris took in hand its purchase and restoration it
A.B., three choosing classics, seven history, six law, had become all but a hopeless wreck. Thirteen
four English literature, two theology, one German, hundred pounds and more from the public-spirited
and one geology. In the published class lists at the Chicago man's pocket, and intelligent supervision on
end of the course, six were placed in the first class, the part of the no less public-spirited authoress,
eight in the second, seven in the third, and three in secured the house and put it practically into the same
the fourth. As it is a distinction to win even a condition as when little John Harvard whipped his
second class, and no dishonor to be enrolled in the top (if boys whipped tops in those days) before its
third, it will be seen that our twenty-four made a very door. To Harvard University, as was right and fit-
creditable showing. Of the sixteen students study ting, the rehabilitated structure was then made over :
ing for degrees other than A.B., five chose the course and henceforth American tourists will have another
leading to the degree of Bachelor of Civil Law, the excellent motive for visiting the town of Shakespeare's
hardest course at Oxford, and usually entered upon birth. This tribute to the memory of the founder


278
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
DIAL
of our oldest university came late, as did the granite playful utterance of the writer can be called a vow
monument over his grave in Charlestown, which was and her publishers are about to issue still another
not erected till he had been dead one hundred and translation of hers, from the German of Adolph
ninety years.
Streckfuss, entitled “The Lonely House,” the pre-
THE AUTHOR OF FORTY NOVELS, Mrs. Mary Jane paration of which has probably been to Mrs. Wister
Holmes, leaves a multitude of readers to mourn her
a pleasant change from the Shakespearian researches
loss. The estimated sale of her mildly sensational
in which she has of late years been aiding her
love stories – beginning with "Tempest and Sun-
brother.
shine,” published in 1854 when Mary Jane Hawes
MUSCULAR LIBRARIANSHIP, like muscular Chris-
was still in her 'teens — is something over two mil- tianity, ought to be the kind peculiarly suited to this
lions of copies. She continued to write nearly to the strenuous era. “No mollycoddles need apply ”
last, and her books, which number nearly forty, com might appropriately be appended to an advertisement
peted successfully with the more loudly heralded for a public librarian. It may be with a view to
productions of the younger school of writers. Though some such future physical requirements as are here
leading a happy domestic life with her husband, hinted at that the library workers of England are
Daniel Holmes, a lawyer, she had no children except now developing their brachial and crural muscles at
the offspring of her fertile brain ; and that had been cricket. An English periodical, unassuming in size
productive ever since she was fifteen years old, when and in title (it calls itself “ The Library Assistant")
she entered the literary field through the modest reports that “ the return match between library
gate of the country newspaper. Her later contribu-
assistants north of the Thames and assistants south
tions to periodicals, in the shape of essays and criti-
of the Thames was played at Regent's Park on
cisms and good counsels, were numerous. Interesting | Aug. 28. The South Side was again successful,
to the student of heredity is her relationship to the
obtaining 64 runs as against 39 scored by the North.
once noted Congregational preacher and writer of
A full report of the game will appear next month."
Hartford, Rev. Dr. Joel Hawes, her uncle, who with The time may come – though we confess we are
her parents, New England farming folk of literary
not eagerly awaiting its advent – when “The
and artistic tastes, exerted considerable influence on
Library Journal”
or “Public Libraries ” will give
her thoughts and studies. That hers was a pre detailed reports of close and exciting ten-innings
cocious intellect is shown by the fact that at thirteen
games between the Cleveland Public Library nine
she was teaching school, and at fifteen, as above and the Detroit Public Library nine, or of fierce
noted, writing for publication. The intellectual life, struggles on the gridiron between the Carnegies of
however, is on the whole the life of health and endur-
Pittsburg and the John Crerars of Chicago. The
ance, and she nearly attained the scripturally allotted
curious part of all this is that America has allowed
length of days. Her stories had a pleasantly herself to be anticipated in this new movement,
domestic atmosphere, and she was, as fiction-writers whereas hitherto she has taken the lead in all
go, a safe entertainer to her large class of readers, branches of library science.
the majority of whom were women and girls.
THE REHABILITATION OF FRENCH LITERATURE
MRS. WISTER'S TRANSLATIONS from the German
in the eyes of the American reading public is urged
have long been recognized as contributions to by M. Hugues Le Roux. He suggests the establish-
English literature. Librarians and booksellers find
ment in New York of a large dépôt for the sale of the
that these romances are almost invariably called best, and only the best, French books, all objec-
for as Mrs. Wister's books, not as E. Marlitt's, or tionable yellow-backs to be barred out. M. Marcel
Werner's, or Frau von Hillern’s. This involuntary Prévost would have a similar warehouse opened in
and inevitable ascription of authorship to the trans London. Still another French littérateur, M. Jules
lator is without a parallel. No one ever thinks of Claretie, is quoted as deploring that Americans form
crediting Jeremiah Curtin with Sienkiewicz's works, their notions of modern French literature from
or Miss Hapgood or Mr. Dole with Tolstoy's. In
pornographic rubbish. Reference has already been
the A. L. A. “ Catalog of 5000 Volumes for a Popu made to the step lately taken by a prominent English
lar Library” Mrs. Wister's name appears, in its publishing house in issuing novels from across the
proper alphabetical place, at the head of her trans Channel in sober and respectable cloth binding.
lations or such of them as are included in the With all these well-meant endeavors Gallic literature
selected library; but no other translator is similarly ought to be able to hold up its head in foreign lands.
honored. About fifteen years ago, when what was
expected to be the last of her books made its appear JAPANESE WOMEN OF 'LETTERS
ance, she excused herself from further labors of the twentieth-century development in the Island King-
sort on the plea that the daughter of her father (the dom. In an ancient anthology of the Nara period,
late William H. Furness, D.D.) and the sister of or eighth century of our era, there are quotations
her brother (Dr. Horace Howard Furness) ought from writers of the gentle sex; and their delicacy
to be engaged in worthier work than translating of sentiment and artistic command of the language
German love stories for American girls to read. are adjudged of superior merit. The male authors
But she has at last broken her vow — if this perhaps make a poor showing in comparison.
are
no
new


1907.]
279
THE DIAL
evening of that day, my aunt, who was grieved to see
The New Books.
me in such pain, asked me what would give me any
pleasure. My poor little body was all bandaged, but I
jumped with joy at this, and quite consoled I whispered
THE QUEEN OF THE FRENCH STAGE.*
in a coaxing way: • I should like to have some writing
In the personal, professional, and social recol paper with a motto of my own.' My mother asked
lections as woman and artist” of the greatest
me rather slyly what my motto was. I did not answer
for a minute, and then, as they were all waiting quietly,
living French actress, one is not surprised to
I uttered such a furious • Quand-même' that my Aunt
find the domestic recollections as wife and
Faure started back muttering, What a terrible child !!”
mother playing no part whatever. So identi-
In a rapid, lively style the writer narrates her
fied is Mme. Sarah Bernhardt with her art and
childish joys and woes, victories and defeats, at
her ambitions that no one ever thinks of her as
boarding-school and convent, where her rather
the widow Damala, and few remember that she
scanty education (under pedagogic supervision)
has enjoyed the pleasures - if they were pleas-
was obtained, and where she seems to have lived
ures to her - of maternity.
of maternity. Hence it is that
up to her reputation of “a terrible child.” And
in her very characteristic and brightly enter- yet she must even then have been attractive and
taining memoirs we have on every page the
Sarah Bernhardt of the stage, the eccentric and
interesting, for she was hardly more than a
child when she received an offer of marriage
versatile woman of genius, very much as she is from a rich tanner who enjoyed an income of
already known to the world.
sixty thousand francs and offered to settle a
With a reticence not unusual in autobiog- fortune of a half million
fortune of a half million on his young bride.
raphies of women Mme. Bernhardt omits to
This half million, or any part of it, she was to
mention the date of her birth; but as she after-
be at liberty to make over to her mother, then
ward speaks of herself as a young woman of a widow, if she chose ; and if she refused him
twenty-four at the time of the siege of Paris,
the tanner assured her that he should die of
one can make a shrewd guess at the year when despair. Yet she did refuse him, choosing art
she was born. It is worth noting that her for her bridegroom instead, and he found conso-
mother was but sixteen years old when she gave lation elsewhere.
birth to this child of genius — worth noting
After a course of study at the Conservatoire
because it has been lately ascertained that men
Nationale de Musique et de Déclamation, the
and women of genius are as a rule the late-born
gifted young woman for her histrionic talent
children of their parents. From infancy the
was speedly recognized — received an invitation
little Sarah, by her own showing, had all the
to join the Comédie Française; and here she
qualities of wilfulness, impulsiveness, nervous-
made her first public appearance as actress.
ness, and uncontrollability, that have marked Some of the press comments on those early
her maturely developed character.
performances of hers are interesting to read now
quote one characteristic incident of childhood, after the lapse of almost half a century. Here
which is related in the course of a description
of her theatrical début at the Comédie Fran- the book.
are a few chosen at random, and as quoted in
çaise, when two veterans of the stage showed
“ Mlle. Bernhardt, who made her debut yesterday in
her especial kindness.
the rôle of Iphigénie, is a tall, pretty girl with a slender
“ Both men had been moved by the same sentiment figure and a very pleasing expression, the upper part
of protection for the poor, fragile, nervous girl, who of her face is remarkably beautiful. She holds herself
was, nevertheless, so full of hope. Both of them knew well, and her enunciation is perfectly clear. This is all
my zeal for work, my obstinate will, which was always that can be said for her at present."
struggling for victory over my physical weakness. They “ The same evening · Les Femmes Savantes' was
knew that my device“Quand-même' had not been adopted given. This was Mlle. Bernhardt's third appearance,
by me merely by chance, but that it was the outcome of a and she took the rôle of Henriette. She was just as
deliberate exercise of will power on my part. My mother pretty and insignificant in this as in that of Junie (he
had told me how I had chosen this device at the age of had made a mistake, as it was Iphigénie I had played)
nine, after a formidable jump over a ditch which no and of Valérie, both of which rôles had been entrusted to
one could jump, and which my young cousin had dared her previously. This performance was a very poor affair,
me to attempt. I had hurt my face, broken my wrist, and gives rise to reflections by no means gay. . . . The
and was in pain all over. While I was being carried pitiful part is, though, that the comedians playing with
home I exclaimed furiously: · Yes, I would do it again, her were not much better than she was, and they are
quand-même, if any one dared me again. And I will Sociétaires of the Théâtre Français. All that they had
always do what I want to do all my life.' In the more than their young comrade was a greater familiarity
with the boards. They are just as Mlle. Bernhardt may
* MEMORIES OF MY LIFE. Being my Personal, Professional,
and Social Recollections as Woman and Artist. By Sarah
be in twenty years' time, if she stays at the Comédie
Bernhardt. Illustrated. New York: D. Appleton & Co.
Française."
Let us


280
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
nurse.
“ Mlle. Sarah Bernhardt appeared wearing an eccen when it was decided that the artistes of the
tric costume, which increased the tumult, but her rich
Comédie Française should go to London.” But
voice -- that astonishing voice of hers appealed to
the public, and she charmed them like a little Orpheus.”
she forgets that mad scamper into Spain, when
As the writer confesses in a later chapter,
she journeyed by coasting vessel from Marseilles
she 60 had a continual thirst for what was
to Alicante, “six days of rough sea.” Consid-
new"; and therefore her sudden changes from
erable space is given to the American tour of
1880, with which the book ends. As a final
one theatre to another, or from the stage to
private life, and back again, need not surprise
quotation a few passages descriptive of Chicago,
us. Her mad prank" of a seemingly motiveless
as the visiting French actress saw it, may be of
interest.
trip to Spain, without telling her mother and
sisters of her project, was only one of many
“I went to the Palmer House, one of the most mag-
impulsive acts of her young womanhood. Her
nificent hotels of that day, whose proprietor, Mr. Palmer,
was a perfect gentleman, courteous, kind, and generous,
intense interest in the fortunes of the French
for he filled the immense apartment I occupied with the
armies in the war with Prussia, and her anguish rarest flowers, and taxed his ingenuity in order to have
over their defeat, reduced her to a condition in me served in the French style, a rare thing at that
time.
which for three days she was “ between life and
death."
“We were to remain a fortnight in Chicago. Our
On hearing of the enemy's triumph at
success exceeded all expectations. This fortnight at
Sedan, she was utterly prostrated. 6 The blood
Chicago seemed to me the most agreeable days I had
rushed to my head,” she says, in language that had since my arrival in America. First of all there
might perhaps astonish a physician, " and my was the vitality of the city in which men pass each other
lungs were too weak to control it.
without ever stopping, with knitted brows, with one
I lay back
thought in mind, the end to attain.' They move on
on my pillow, and the blood escaped through
and on, never turning for a cry or prudent warning.
my lips with the groans of my whole being.' What takes place behind them matters little. They
She turned the Odéon, where she had been do not wish to know why a cry was raised ; and they
playing, into a military hospital, and seems to
have no time to be prudent, the end to attain' awaits
them.
have acted very energetically the part of chief
“On the day of my last performance, a magnificent
With equal vehemence, a few years collar of camellias in diamonds was handed me on behalf
later, she threw herself into the perilous amuse of the ladies of Chicago. I left that city fond of every-
ment of ballooning. “I adored and I still thing in it -- its people, its lake as big as a small inland
adore balloons,” she gushingly declares, and then
sea, its audiences who were so enthusiastic, everything,
enlivens her narrative with a graphic account
everything, but its stockyards.
“I did not even bear any ill-will toward the bishop
of a balloon ascension in which she reached a
who also, as had happened in other cities, had denounced
height that made breathing difficult and caused my art and French literature. By the violence of his
other bodily discomfort. But queerest of all sermons he had as a matter of fact advertised us so
queer things was her practice of studying her
well that Mr. Abbey, the manager, wrote the following
letter to him:
parts and of sleeping in her coffin.
" " His GRACE: Whenever I visit your city I am
• My bedroom was very tiny. The big bamboo bed
took
all the room.
accustomed to spend $400 in advertising. But as you
up
In front of the window was my
coffin, where I frequently installed myself to learn my
have done the advertising for me, I send you $200 for
parts. Therefore when I took my sister to my home I
your poor.
HENRY ABBEY.'”
found it quite natural to sleep every night in this little A few more pages, and the volume ends with a
bed of white satin which was to be my last couch, and
characteristic note of defiant exultation. “My
to put my sister in the big bamboo bed under the lace
hangings. . . . Three days after this new arrangement
life,” concludes the writer, “ which I thought
my manicure came into the room to do my hands and
at first was to be so short, seemed now likely
my sister asked her to enter quietly because I was to be very, very long, and that gave me a great
still asleep. The woman turned her head, believing mischievous delight whenever I thought of the
that I was asleep in the armchair, but seeing me in my
coffin she rushed away, shrieking wildly. From that
infernal displeasure of my enemies. I resolved
moment all Paris knew that I slept in my coffin, and
to live. I resolved to be the great artiste that
gossip with its thistle-down wings took flight in all I longed to be. And from the time of this
directions."
return [from America] I gave myself entirely
A picture — and a very pretty one it is, too — up to my life.” To what else she had hitherto
is given of the fair sleeper in her satin-lined given herself up does not appear in her pages ;
coffin, her hands crossed on her bosom, and her
a person more determined to live her own life
white robe sprinkled with flowers.
from start to finish surely never lived. But
In opening the chapter on her London début, the last quarter-century of her life has undoubt-
the writer says,
• I had never been on the sea edly had a depth and an intensity lacking to


1907.]
281
THE DIAL
some
her immaturity; and of these later years it black secret political societies - Ku Klux Klan
would be well worth while to have her record. and Union League.
She does not promise it, but this continuation There is one general criticism that may be
of the present volume will be desired by her made of Mr. Hamilton's volume: on
readers.
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
matters he writes his history too much from
laws and official regulations. Now, Recon
struction laws, especially carpet-bag laws and
Freedmen’s Bureau regulations, cannot always
be taken at their face value. Much interpreta-
THE SOUTH SINCE THE WAR.*
tion and explanation is necessary. The author
The history of the South since the war is following the letter is led to ascribe much
summed up in the two volumes of the Lee-Thorpe importance to the Reconstruction laws as a
series, by Messrs. Hamilton and Bruce. Both nationalizing force. This is a purely legal
authors, writing with ease of style and breadth view, and is superficial. People are not made
of view, have produced readable books. In the
into a nation by law; certainly the Southern
work of Mr. Hamilton there is a commendable people were provincial much longer because of
absence of petty detail. In Mr. Bruce's volume those laws. This legal habit of mind also leads
at times the statistical matter becomes monoto the author, in writing of the Civil War, to
nous ; however, it is possible for the reader to adopt the use of such terms as rebel, rebellion,
omit much of this and confine his attention to
treason, etc., a use no longer considered histori-
the valuable comments and interpretation of the cal. One or two other points may be criticised :
author. There is probably no greater contrast it is not likely that the North Carolina Union-
in history than that shown by the accounts given ists cared much for the negroes (p. 141), --
by these two writers respectively of the most
such was not the custom of Southern unionists ;
unpleasant period in our national life and of the it is hardly worth while to say that the native
succeeding most inspiring one. The Reconstruc-
whites might have controlled the blacks in
tion period has few hopeful signs; the succeeding Reconstruction, for the Reconstruction plans
period has few that are not hopeful.
themselves practically prevented that, and the
Mr. Hamilton's volume treats mainly of Freedmen's Bureau and the Union League did
Reconstruction in the South, only one chapter the rest; also, in neglecting to some extent
being devoted to affairs at the North. Other
social matters the author does not offer adequate
chapters deal with the usual topics — the South
explanation for the irritation of the whites under
after the war, Lincoln's and Johnson's plans the Reconstruction government.
and acts, the Freedmen, Military Government,
Mr. Bruce's book has but one chapter about
Impeachment of the President, Congressional
political matters. More than half the
space
is
Reconstruction, Carpet-bag Government, Ku given to a statistical account of the constantly
Klux Klan, and the end of Reconstruction. One
increased output from Southern farm, forest,
distinctively original chapter is devoted to a
sea, mine, and factory. One chapter discusses
study of the race tendencies of the negroes and
the growth of cities since the war, and another
whites. Throughout the work, emphasis is laid the increase of imports and exports. That Mr.
upon the importance of the negro factor in the
Bruce is a master of an enormous fund of
Reconstruction controversies, and an effort is economic information is proved by his two chap-
made to give an intelligible account of just what ters on Southern financial matters and trans-
the race question meant. Mr. Hamilton says but portation facilities.
portation facilities. These chapters, and those
little of economic conditions, and not much of the on education and literature, population, and
social disorder that existed during this period; social and political tendencies, make up the
these matters are briefly disposed of in Mr.
most original part of the work, the first half
Bruce's succeeding volume. The omission leaves being mainly a summary from the census and
the Reconstruction account largely a politicalone, other official publications.
though there is a chapter on Religious Conditions,
The story of progress in the South as told
with some careful summaries of the Federal labor by Mr. Bruce is mainly the story of the advance
regulations for the negroes. An intelligent and of the white districts — those regions kept back
philosophical account is given of the white and
before the Civil War by the institution of
Volume XVI., The slavery. Most of this progress had been made
Reconstruction Period, by Peter Joseph Hamilton; Volume since 1880, the transition period from 1865 to
XVII. The Rise of the New South, by Philip Alexander Bruce.
Philadelphia: George P. Barrie & Sons.
1880 being one of doubt as to whether the
• THE HISTORY OF NORTH AMERICA.


282
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
white districts or the black would dominate and yet within ten miles of them will be whites
industrially. The failure of free
negro
labor producing more cotton per capita than is made
in the fertile Black Belt has finally given to on the best Black Belt plantation. The old
the poorer whites their opportunity, and good beliefs about the influence of climate upon
use they are making of it. The leading whites whites have lasted a long time, in spite of hard
have since the war gone from the Black Belt knocks.
plantations to run the railroads, banks, mines, In summing up, Mr. Bruce says that there
and factories of the white districts. Mr. Bruce are certain influences more powerful than all
asserts that the plantations of the Black Belt are others in advancing the prosperity of the
breaking up into small farms, — a statement true Southern States. “These influences spring
for most of the Upper South, but not for the heart from the subdivision of lands; the diversifica-
of the old slave districts in the Lower South. tion of agriculture; the growth of manufac-
There immense plantations have been and are tures ; the extension and control of railroads ;
being formed. A hundred small truck farms the spread of education ; the more rapid expan-
near Mobile do not offset the forty square mile sion of the white than of the black population;
plantation recently formed in the Alabama and finally the restriction of suffrage. In these
Black Belt.
seven facts of supreme importance is to be found
In his treatment of social matters, it is seen the very kernel of all that the Southern people
that the author holds to the caste theory of ante- have accomplished since the abolition of slavery;
bellum society, a theory that will not do for the they are the foundation stones on which the
newer states of the South. This tradition of a superstructure of Southern material greatness
class system is fast becoming a fetich, espe is fast rising." WALTER L. FLEMING.
cially among the professional Southerners”
who live upon a past that never existed.
Of educational conditions since 1865, Mr.
Bruce gives a good account. Here, however, BEGINNINGS OF THE MODERN DRAMA.*
he falls into the same error that Mr. Hamilton
makes in attaching too much importance to
Plays of our Forefathers” is the not alto-
laws. The carpet-bag educational system for
gether fortunate title of a volume by Professor
Charles Mills Gayley of the University of
Louisiana did no more to found the school-
California. Yet it is due rather to our language
system in Louisiana than John Locke's Funda-
mental Constitutions did to establish a titled
than to any fault of the author that the title
does not give a clearer hint of the content of
nobility in North Carolina. As the author
the book. Had we the German word Urahnen
himself shows very clearly, school systems in
the South were developed only as population
it would fit the case exactly ; for Professor
Gayley deals with the beginnings of the modern
became dense enough to support schools. In
drama.
many places in the South it will be long years
before schools can be maintained with any degree
Like the classic tragedy of antiquity, the
modern drama has its roots in things religious.
of success. It is the reviewer's opinion that
Mr. Bruce's explanation of the South's lack of
Aspiration, mystery, and love, the spiritual
a literature is inadequate. He says it was
conflicts of mankind that developed in Greece
because there was no “ literary centre. But
into the masterpieces of a Sophocles, find their
the causes of this lack lie deeper. Why was
first expression among the untutored barbarian
invaders of Europe in the rich ritual of the
there no literary centre? The answer is obvious
Christian church. The decadent superstitions
to those who study the nature of ante-bellum
intellectual activity.
of their own past did not greatly stir their
dramatic instinct, but the tragedy of a human
Both Mr. Bruce and Mr. Hamilton seem to
Savior took hold upon their hearts. The story
think that certain work in the South can be
done safely only by negroes, — the old ante-
of the outgrowth of the liturgical plays from
bellum notion. But the industrial progress of
the Easter trope, and their gradual development
the Southern whites since the war has proved
through the Christmas and the Advent tropes, not
that there is but one place where whites cannot only into a world cyclus but back to the fall of
Lucifer and forward to the last Judgment, is not,
work (the coast of South Carolina), and no work
that whites cannot do and do better than blacks.
to be sure, new; it has, however, never been
Some Black Belt planters, however, will still * Plays OF OUR FOREFATHERS. By Charles Mills Gayley, Pro-
fessor of English at the University of California, New York:
assert that only a negro can make a cotton crop; Duffield & Co.


1907.]
283
THE DIAL
presented with more compelling interest. With passage; it might convey the idea of a prevail-
admirable clearness the author also traces the ing tone of burlesque, and nothing is further
development of the humorous from the
appear-
from the truth. The fact is simply that Pro-
ance of Balaam and his ass in the procession of fessor Gayley cannot deal with any subject
the prophets. Whatever of
pagan
survival
may without imparting to it something of the viva-
linger in the festival of the ass, his appearance city and wit that are a. part of his nature,
within the church doors turned each event with lending to even the dullest detail the feeling
which he could be connected into burlesque. that, though now possessing only antiquarian
The festival of fools also grew out of the liturgy, or historical interest, it belonged in its time to
though doubtless it owes elements to the Roman the vital issues of the day. To the customs
festival of the New Year ; but the humorous and forms of our period he often gives a new
element once introduced, it was bound to pre interest by showing that they can really claim
vail, and ended by banishing itself, as well as a stately ancestry ; thus, the modern vaudeville
the serious liturgical drama, from the church. " stunt” claims as its remote and forgotten
The author sketches the transition from church progenitor the sermon joyeux that grew out of
to guild, and devotes the longer and more ecclesiastical burlesques in France. The sug-
important part of his volume to a study of the gestion, too, that many a fool's soliloquy in the
English cycles of miracle plays and moralities. Elizabethan drama may be traced to the same
Their collective story, the manner of their pre source, is not only probable but may explain
sentation, the historical order of the various the sophistical nonsense and parodied scholas-
cycles, their dramatic development, and the ticism of many such passages. Indeed, the
introduction of romance and allegory, are some whole chapter on “ Secular By-Products in
of the subjects taken up
and accorded scholarly Satire and Wonder" is of special interest. The
treatment. The volume is admirably illustrated choice of the term “ By-Products” is another
with well chosen reproductions from numerous illustration of the modernity of Professor Gay-
sources, old cuts, manuscripts, and monuments ley's thought. His book is not only one to be
each furnishing something.
commended to the scholar but to be enjoyed by
In his preface, Professor Gayley says; “I the general reader. LEWIS A. RHOADES.
have hoped that the reading public might be
interested in the mediæval drama, not only as
an instance in the development of literary art,
but as a chronicle of the ideals and traditions, ROMANCE OF THE AMERICAN FRONTIER.*
the religious consciousness, the romance and
humour of times that seem to be remote, but
A generation ago, the names of Beadle, of
after all are modern in a myriad surprising
Headly, and of Marcy were associated in the
minds of the reading public with stories of the
ways, and human to the core. To laugh and
Great Plains, with the savage nomads who in-
weep, to worship and to revel for a season, in
fested them, and with the intermittent warfare
the manner and spirit of our ancestors, were
waged between these natives and the invading
infinitely more pleasing than the pride of con-
whites. For a background, there was the bound-
troversy or the pursuit of scientific ends." Thus
his own is perhaps the best characterization of
less sweep of the prairies ; for action, there was
his work. He has a rare power of imparting
the pursuit of game or skirmishes between
Indians and troops ; and pervading all was the
life and human interest to matter that in hands
air of mystery and wonder belonging to a new
less skilful either overwhelms or wearies the
and unknown land. These stories began with the
reader. He makes us feel that the men who
found edification and amusement in these plays
opening of the Santa Fé and the Oregon trails ;
they were enlarged by the discovery of gold and
were, after all, much like ourselves. He brings
the rush to California ; and they ended only
home his facts occasionally by a reference that
with the fuller settlement of the Great West.
is startlingly modern ; for example, in describ-
This picturesque stage has now passed ; but its
ing a miracle of Saint Nicholas, who restored
fascination has been many times reproduced by
to life three murdered boys whose bodies had
a re-telling of the border tales. In many re-
been cut into pieces and salted as pork, he
spects the new settings are often superior to the
remarks : “ This was before the days of tinned
old. Fremont and Kit Carson and “ Buffalo
meats; but the methods of the packing-houses
were, even then, not above suspicion.' Pos-
*THE GREAT PLAINS. A Romance of Western Exploration,
sibly it is unfair to the author to cite this
By Randall Parrish.
Warfare, and Settlement. 1527-1870.
Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co.


284
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
Bill ” still play the leading roles ; the pony
inheritance of their race, thrilling to the thought of
express, the overland mail, the midnight attack home and to the passion of possession. The hour and
the man had come; the Great American Desert was a
on the wagon train, furnish the same accessories;
thing of the past. Le Roi est mort; vive le Roi!”
but they are more systematically assembled, sup-
plemented by stories of early exploration, and
The material chosen by Mr. Parrish falls
organized into a more comprehensive whole.
naturally into three groups: the exploration of
The most recent of the many works dealing
the Great Plains, the struggle for their posses-
In
with this material is entitled “The Great Plains, sion, and their occupation and settlement.
a Romance of Western Exploration, Warfare,
the first group appear Coronado and his Spanish
and Settlement,” by Mr. Randall Parrish. Mr. fellow-explorers, Lewis and Clark, the fur-
Parrish has shown in previous publications, in traders, and the Santa Fé trailers. The second
both fact and fiction, his knowledge of the re-
division embraces the stage coach, the pony
gions beyond the Alleghenies. The present effort express, and the border warfare following the
Civil War down to 1870. Under the third head
lies in the category of his “ Historic Illinois.”
It is history in a lighter vein ; history adapted the Pacific railroads, mushroom towns, outlaws,
come the struggle for Kansas, the cattle kings,
to general reading. It makes no pretence to a
source basis ; it is not free from minor inac-
and scouts. The volume has some spirited and
curacies ; it has little attraction for the close interesting illustrations, presumably reproduc-
student ; it bars footnote references ; and it col- tions, for the most part, from some older work.
lects the authorities in a brief “note of acknowl-
EDWIN ERLE SPARKS.
edgement" following the Introduction. This
list of authorities includes for the most part
neither official document nor original narrative,
THE FUTURE OF JAPAN.*
but secondary descriptions like those of Hough,
Chittenden, Inman, Bowles, Richardson, and Mr. Watson, an English writer, who some
Lummis. Mingled with these, however, will be time ago gave us a superior work on “ Japan,
found occasional excerpts from more serious its Aspects and Destinies,” sends forth another
writers -- from Castenada's Journal, from H.H. volume of great interest to all who have watched
Bancroft, and from Parkman.
the rise of a new power in the Pacific. His new
The volume is best described as a collection
book will meet a welcome from all who wish to
of border stories and traditions, with running know the present conditions and future prob-
commentaries on contemporary conditions from lems of Japan.
the Spanish exploration to about 1870. The Mr. Watson, being a thorough-going English-
choice of material is commendable, the weaving man, seems haunted by a fear that Japan may
skilful, and the interest well sustained. The sweep all precedents aside and reverse the
excellent characterization of stages of Western thought expressed by Tennyson's reference to a
development may be judged from the following
“cycle of Cathay," so that a subject of the
extract, which is the concluding paragraph of Mikado may exclaim, “ Better fifty years of
the book.
Nippon than ages of Europe." In much the
“ It was a long, toilsome, and perilous journey, from
same way, British wiseacres of the last century
that far-off time when Cabeça de Vaca made his solitary
talked about the United States of America,
pilgrimage amid his • hump-backed oxen’to the time which threw away thrones, kings, political
of the invasion by Anglo-Saxon civilization. For three
churches, religious persecution, entail, and feu-
hundred and forty-three years, those vast green Plains
had been the scenes of struggle; the sun of midday and
dal relics generally. However, toward the end
the stars of midnight had watched the slow transfor-
of his work Mr. Watson relieves us of our fears
mation. The marching of troops under three banners; by showing that while Japan is still an Oriental
the desperate battles amidst the dreary buttes; the nation she is on the whole too much like the
slow, sullen retreat of savagery; the stern advance of
Occidentals to startle us any further, or to upset
silent, persistent frontiersmen; the slow rolling cara-
vans piercing the wilderness; the daring riders spurring
the precedents of the ages.
their horses across the wide Plain; the victim sobbing in Readers of a scientific cast of mind will be
torture; the lost traveller praying in famine; the white, likely to object to the metaphysical and even
dead faces upturned to the pitiless sky, - all that had transcendental style of many of these pages,
been and gone.
And then, out of the East, they came
and deem them needless and inappropriate ;
to take possession; over the long miles, across the rivers
and the prairies, came the conquering Anglo-Saxons -
while students of sociology and religion will
men, women, children-armed with the plough and the
THE FUTURE OF JAPAN. By W. Petrie Watson. New York:
spade, animated by the dogged resolution which is the
E. P. Dutton & Co.


1907.]
285
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find in them much that is congenial, pleasing, Japan, the worship of ancestors is a mediæval
and probably also satisfying. The point of production and a comparatively modern devel-
view of the writer is not that of the average opment.
intelligent citizen of the United States. The A more intimate acquaintance with the origins
chapters have a strange air of recluseness, as of of the Japanese, who are a very mixed people,
an intelligent monk in the cloister, who knows would have given a different form and spirit to
books well, is familiar with what has been said the whole forecast of the future of the Japanese,
by the best minds on both sides of the subject, as set forth in this book. If the author had
but who, after all, misses the key to the situa- learned from original sources the actual work-
tion, and, for the foundation of a rather lofty ings of the Japanese mind, and if he were more
structure, omits what should be tried founda familiar with the inner movements of contem-
tion-stones.
porary Christian thought, with the details of
In his preface, the author offers the homage missionary education and the lives of native
due to the achievements of those who have preachers and Christian scholars, — and, in
explored early Japanese history. But he does general, with the great transforming forces evi-
not seem to know that new workers have come dent in the press, the literature, and the life of
into the field, both with the spade and with the nation, especially since the outbreak of the
investigations among the Ainu - the white men war with Russia, — his opinions might have
who first inhabited the whole archipelago ; and been quite different. It is doubtful if he would
that Japanese history has been virtually recon then have seen in the Japanese either a “ Mon-
structed within the last half-decade. Nor is he golian " nation or an essentially “ Oriental "
entirely familiar with the movements of the phi- people; still less would he have held that the
losophical Japanese mind in the eighteenth and intellect of the nation is dominated by ancestor-
early nineteenth centuries, and of the great men worship.
who planned the work which Ito and some of
the Mikado's younger
servants have but carried
out. Further, when the author speaks of “the
NEW IDEAS ON EDUCATION.*
sad, the sweet, the suffering Lafcadio Hearn,” We do not hesitate to pronounce Mr. Birdseye's
as the “supreme interpreter of that Japan that “Individual Training in our Colleges” the most
is past," we beg at once to say that we differ important book on education which has appeared in
in toto from the verdict. Herein, Mr. Watson the last ten years. Any brief review of it must be
reveals one of the great weaknesses of what is
so inadequate that one is almost tempted to begin and
in some respects a strong and fascinating book.
end by saying that it should be read by every man
Mr. W. G. Aston, pioneer, veteran, scholar, interested in colleges or universities in any capacity
whatever.
and translator of the Nihongi (A. D. 720), has
The author is not a college professor,
shown that Mr. Hearn was entirely wrong in
nor a teacher, - indeed, so far as we know he has no
official connection with any institution of learning,
supposing that ancestor-worship existed in prim- but is a lawyer in active practice in New York ;
itive Japan. On page 8 of his just issued nevertheless, his book shows more knowledge, clearer
“Shinto, the Ancient Religion of Japan vision, deeper devotion, and more rational hope
(London 1907), Mr. Aston shows that so far regarding the American college, than any other book
from “ Shinto or Ancestor-worship ” being the
we know of.
creed of the ancient inhabitants, as held by Mr. Mr. Birdseye begins with a survey of the earlier
Hearn and followed all the way through by Mr. period of American higher education, with the pur-
Watson, such a notion is utterly without founda-
pose of showing that the American college in earlier
tion and against the facts. Mr. Aston declares
days was really a place for the individual training
of the youth: narrow and bigoted the college doubt-
that the last and most valuable work of Mr.
less was, but the end sought was “the development
Hearn, “ Japan, an Interpretation," is greatly of clear, strong moral character, according to the
marred by this misconception. Dr. G.W. Knox,
standards of the day, in every student; and so the
in his truly scientific book, " The Development spread of God's kingdom ” (page 90). A similar
of Religion in Japan,” points out the same survey of the present period, “ the Age of University
serious blunder into which foreign writers have
* INDIVIDUAL TRAINING IN OUR COLLEGES. By Clarence F.
fallen, following uncritical native ones by whom
the alleged ancestor-worship is orthodoxy sub
Fleming West. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
poena. As the ancient records show, ancestor GROWTH AND EDUCATION. By John Mason Tyler. New York:
worship is unknown to the genuine early records,
Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
PRINCIPLES OF SECONDARY EDUCATION: THE STUDIES. By
and was borrowed from the Chinese. In Charles De Garmo. New York: Macmillan Co.
Birdseye. New York: Macmillan Co.
SHORT PAPERS ON AMERICAN LIBERAL EDUCATION. By Andrew


286
[Nov. 1;
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Building,” shows the almost complete lapse of indi One of the most interesting ideas of the book is
vidual training and the removal of emphasis from the conception of the college fraternity as the main
the development of character to the cultivation of substitute for the home life and training provided
the intellect.
by the earlier American college. Mr. Birdseye is
The evils resulting from this change are many
an enthusiastic Greek, and devotes to the fraternities
and crying. To their indictment Mr. Birdseye not far from one-fourth of the whole book.
applies himself in no half-hearted fashion.
What then, is the conclusion of the whole matter?
“ The former homogeneous and earnest body of poor stu Not idle regret, nor recrimination, nor carping criti-
dents, who, under the sternest rules, were all fitting for one cism; certainly not despair. The two words which
of the four learned or Latin professions . . . has been
indicate the means of solution are coöperation and
replaced by a motley and heterogeneous class, largely undis-
ciplined and ungoverned mentally and morally, with no fixed
devotion. “ The problem is great, imminent, wide-
idea of what they are to do in life except that they are to spreading, and will prove too vast for
any one
go into business. . . . When they have asked us for some of us alone or for divided forces. No time must
thing that will make them successful and cultured bread-
be lost: let home-making influences cooperate with
winners, we have given them an ill-assorted, ill-begotten
college course that is neither fish nor fesh, nor good red
pedagogic; alumni with faculty and trustees ; pa-
herring.' We have put most of our sentiment and money
rents with all the others; and one and all with the
into the greatness of the institution, to the neglect of pre undergraduate” (p. 381-82).
paring each man for his future” (pp. 88-89).
The decay of true university ideals, particularly
Professor West's book entitled “American Lib-
the ideal of scholarship, is declared to be a result
eral Education” consists of six papers prepared for
of the lack of individual training. In this connec-
special occasions, dealing with the American College
tion the author refers largely to the report of the and University. The first paper is a report of
Committee on Improving Instruction in Harvard Col-
Princeton's experiment with the tutorial system;
lege; four times in this report the committee refers
there is, perhaps necessarily, so much theory in
to the feeling on the part of the students that proper
educational discussions that a report of an actual
means are not taken to “keep them up in their experiment is refreshing. Professor West's verdict as
work.” Mr. Birdseye is particularly indignant at
to the experiment at Princeton is distinctively favor-
the common practice of practically ignoring a stu-
able; fortunately, he reports several definite results,
dent's intellectual delinquency until it reached an
which seem to demonstrate the good influence of
intolerable degree and then dismissing him from the the new system. First, the use of the University
college. “Such waste of money, to say nothing of Library by undergraduates increased; and, more-
waste of men, would cost you your position,” he
over, the increase consisted mainly, not of light
to the faculty, “ in a well-run mercantile house or reading, but of books of history, philosophy, litera-
factory” (p. 365).
ture, and science, — books, as Professor West says,
Concerning the abuses in athletics Mr. Birdseye that ought to be the natural reading of a man who
finds it difficult to express himself adequately.
calls himself a student. In the second place, con-
There is perhaps nothing really new in this part of
versation the campus has changed its char-
his book, but the truth is declared so vigorously that
acter. “Things intellectual are now in good form, if
one gets a new strength of impression.
spoken of without affectation ... even tangents
“We spend scores of thousands of dollars upon athletes
and cosines sometimes fly around the campus.
who really do not need further attention for their individual I fully believe there is coming the recovery of the
good, but should be encouraging their weaker brothers by lost art of conversation” (pp. 22-23). Finally, the
working daily along with them " (p. 147). “The awful fact
is that for thirty years we have been debauching the moral
evenings at the University have taken on a different
characters of our college youths by helping them to devise
character, — more lights in the rooms, fewer stroll-
and carry out the deceit, chicanery, dishonesty, and dishonor ers, greater quietude. “ The atmosphere of study
ableness of modern intercollegiate athletics" (p. 155). is brooding and settling over the old halls."
These are merely fragmentary specimens of the The second paper, on the changing conception of
great indictment which Mr. Birdseye brings against the faculty in American universities, deals mainly
the modern college. Let us hasten to say that he is with the relation of the faculty with the President,
no mere railing accuser. Himself a college graduate, and concludes with the very rational proposal that
he is in deepest sympathy with all the true ideals the faculty should in general control the educational
of higher education. From the athletic work, some policy of the institution, but that the President should
features of which he condemns so unsparingly, he have the power to take any question for final settle-
would have the college authorities learn a
ment to the trustees or regents of the institution.
son: the modern athletic coach is the one man who In the third chapter, Professor West takes to
provides genuine individual training for the student. task our standards of graduate work, finding that
"In the student's opinion, the professional trainer these standards are threatened just now by an unen-
has been the great problem-solver, and therefore he lightened specialization and a mania for publication,
has been allowed to become dominant” (p. 237). and as a result the publications are largely char-
To his example the members of the faculties are acterized by a sort of solemn pedantry. All this is
referred, for it is by his methods that they must doubtless so well known as to be almost trite, and yet
succeed.
so true and so important that we may
well
approve
says
on
O
0
eat les-


1907.]
287
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the repetition. Would it not be well for some can The book contains a valuable appendix, including
didate for a doctor's degree to make a study of tables of growth and vital statistics, and an extensive
doctors' theses with a view to showing the utter bibliography. We recommend it heartily for the
futility of the great majority of them?
library of every teacher.
In the fourth paper the writer presents four perils
which beset our system of liberal education. Here The growth of university departments of education
again the reader finds himself on very familiar and of professional training for secondary teachers
ground. The first peril is commercialism, under has for some time called for suitable text-books,
which heading technical studies receive some criti which have not hitherto been forthcoming. We now
cism; the second is illiteracy in the sense of have a work from the hand of Professor De Garmo,
ignorance of good literature; the third is “the which will be of value in this respect. This is the
disposition to do the pleasant rather than the hard first of two volumes on "The Principles of Secondary
thing"; and the fourth, the peril of confusion in Education,” and treats of “The Studies"; the second
College councils, particularly respecting prescribed is to treat of " Aims and Processes."
and elective studies.
What the present volume contains is briefly as
Of the fifth paper, on the “ Length of the College follows: In the Introduction, the social basis and the
Course,'. no special mention seems necessary; the individual basis of secondary education are discussed;
sixth, on the American College, was published for the social basis consists of the existing conditions of
the Paris Exposition, and its contents are not new educational opportunity, and the consequent selection
to intelligent Americans.
of the secondary pupils; the individual basis is the
character of the early adolescent, particularly his
Professor Tyler's recent book on “Growth and growing individuality, for which constant allowance
Education ” does not differ greatly in plan and gen-
must be made. Next, the studies of the secondary
eral content from a considerable number of works school are discussed, their selection, classification,
on the physical development of the child ; it comes, and value; and, finally, the organization of the studies
however, with rather unusual authority on account into curricula. The book contains valuable
appen-
of the high scientific standing of the writer, and it dices, consisting mainly of typical curricula, proposed
is enriched by a broad view of the subject, and a and actual, the latter including both American and
certain warmth of treatment which adds greatly to foreign types, and characteristic modern forms such
the value of a book intended for teachers. There as manual training and commercial high schools.
are several chapters of rather peculiar interest : that It is evident that such a systematic treatment by
on “ Man in the Light of Evolution " presents very an authority so competent and respected as Professor
briefly and clearly certain facts of evolution which De Garmo will be welcomed by students of education
are essential to any safe thinking on educational in America, and particularly by teachers of the prin-
subjects. In “Hints from Embryology” there are ciples of secondary education, who will find the book
gathered in one brief chapter some things which invaluable as text-book and reference.
every teacher needs to know and which the unin- The Introduction sets forth the Presuppositions
itiated would find hard to glean from other avail-underlying American Secondary Education. We
able sources. In the chapter on “Mortality and cannot but feel that the score of pages devoted to
Morbidity,” Professor Tyler shows very clearly that this subject is too little; upon the principles here laid
statistics of death-rate, to which much attention has down must rest the whole discussion of the selection
been paid, are of less value to the educator and and treatment of studies, as well as the doctrines of
hygienist than the facts concerning the contraction school organization and discipline. We could wish
of the diseases which lead to death, a thing which that the sociological ideas involved in the first section
probably took place months or even years before the had been more thoroughly clarified and related to
actual death.
the theme; it is hard to see how the social classifi-
While the book deals mainly with bodily growth cation quoted from Patten, of “clinger, sensualist,
and development, the writer is led naturally by his stalwart, and mugwump” (p. 7) is connected with
subject into the field of moral and intellectual culture. the problem of secondary education ; indeed, the
He recognizes the importance of character-forming whole classification strikes one as not merely “fan-
agencies in all periods, but justly emphasizes the high tastic nomenclature” but a fantastic idea.
school as the time of final determination.
The author recognizes the fact that the secondary
“ Is even the development of a literary, historic, or scientific school deals with selected groups; but the fact
taste the chief end of the high school? Is there something that they are selected is of little significance unless
still higher, better suited to adolescent needs ? I believe
that we will agree that the greatest human need is complete trained, — namely, for leadership. This dominant
we keep in mind to what end they are chosen and
devotion to the highest moral and religious ideals ; and that
character is formed early, at least in tendency. It usually idea in all higher education, beginning with the high
does not change essentially after the youth is twenty years school, does not come into due prominence. We be-
old. It will improve, grow and strengthen; but the growth lieve that
will be along lines already marked. In one word, character
true doctrine of the secondary school
any
is formed in the high school and this is its period of most
must be founded largely upon this idea ; both the
rapid development" (pp. 193-4).
studies and the discipline must recognize this ; every


288
[Nov. 1,
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:
pupil should grow into a consciousness, not of priv- industrial, and commercial revolution which was far
ilege, but of duty, — to think more clearly, act more advanced before the period ended. In the new vol-
wisely and strongly, and serve his day and genera ume of the “Cambridge Modern History” (Mac-
tion more fully, than his fellows who have been millan) which treats The Restoration, these features
denied the higher training bestowed upon him. are properly emphasized. This is especially true of
The second section of the Introduction deals with the chapters on France and Germany, by Professor
the individual basis; that is, the nature of the Bourgeois and Professor