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CRECE LTZARY,
THE PA. STATE COLLEGE,
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A SEMI-MONTHLY FOURNAL OF
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CHICAGO, APRIL 1, 1908.
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• { Pos Michi Bon EDVAC
THE TYPES OF ENGLISH LITERATURE
Under the general editorship of WILLIAM ALLAN NEILSON, Professor of English, Harvard University
EDITOR OF SHAKESPEARE IN THE CAMBRIDGE POETS
66
Already Issued
GENERAL SCOPE OF THE SERIES
In preparation
THE
THE PASTORAL
comprehensive account of English liter-
POPULAR BALLAD
ature according to a new plan. Instead of the By Professor JEFFERSON
By Prof. FRANCIS B. GUM-
usual division of the field into chronological
B. FLETCHER of Columbia
MERE of Haverford College.
periods, a division according to types has been
University.
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maps.
8vo, flexible, cloth
net, $2.25
8vo, flexible leather
Special net, $2.75
In view of the number of tourists who yearly visit these islands, there is great need of an accurate and
comprehensive guide-book. Such a book has been prepared by Mr. Frederick A. Ober, who, having been
intimately acquainted with the West Indies for thirty years, is well qualified for his task. It is a guide-book
to the Bermudas, Bahamas, Cuba, Porto Rico, Jamaica, Haiti and Santo Domingo, the Danish, Virgin,
Dutch, French, Leeward and Windward Islands, Barbados and Trinidad. It is comprehensive, accurate and
convenient, giving all the information which a tourist desires as to routes, hotels, rates, places of interest, the
history and present condition of the islands, their flora and fauna, commerce, natural resources, etc. This
book should be the Standard Guide to the West Indies.
Tuscan Feasts and Tuscan Friends. By DOROTHY NEVILE LEES. Illustrated,
net, $1.60
A charming book on a charming subject, will be the reader's verdict. From her home in a Tuscan villa
near Florence the author sallies out into the country roundabout and returns with delightful sketches of the
hills and woods, and the country people big and little. The author knows her Tuscan peasantry, from
wrinkled grandfathers to tiny bambinos, and she writes of their work, their homes, their customs and their
feasts with a sympathetic and sure touch. Individual characters are so deftly and feelingly portrayed that one
might characterize the book as a kind of “Cranford” or “Our Village.'
Letters from Percy Bysshe Shelley to Elizabeth Hitchener.
Now first
published. With introduction and notes by Bertram Dobell. 12mo, cloth
net, $1.50
The forty-seven letters here printed were written between June, 1811, and June, 1812. At that time
Shelley was only about nineteen years of age, but during the period covered by the letters many of the most
important events of his life took place. In fact, his life during these months was full of romantic incidents
which were to leave their mark for good or evil on the whole of his future career. The letters are written in
a strain of the most candid and unreserved self-revelation. They exhibit in the liveliest colors the character of
this rash, chivalrous, frank, and generous youthful poet. Without them we should want by far the most
important documents for the history of his life at this time ; with them we could dispense with all the other
records of this period.
Passages from the Past.
By HIS GRACE, THE DUKE OF ARGYLL, author of “Life of
Queen Victoria," etc. Copiously illustrated, large 8vo, cloth. Two volumes . . · · net, $6.50
The one important question in considering a volume of reminiscences is — has the author any recollections
which interest other people? Certainly the Duke of Argyll, who is better known to Americans as the Marquis
of Lorne, one of the best and most popular of Canadian viceroys, has had better opportunities than fall to the
lot of most men to store up interesting recollections. One of the leading peers of England, whose titles alone
occupy twenty-four lines in “Who's Who,” a son-in-law of Queen Victoria and a man prominently con-
nected with the English Government at home and abroad for a lifetime, there have been few prominent men
and women in Europe and America in the last half century whom he has not known. Some of the famous
persons whom he recalls in this volume of reminiscences, to mention them at haphazard, are: Wordsworth,
Tennyson, Browning, Lord Brougham, Lord Dufferin, Cavour, Garibaldi, General Lee, General Grant,
Seward, Longfellow, Bismarck, Emperor William I., Victor Emmanuel, Emperor Francis Joseph, Mr.
Gladstone, Louis Napoleon and Eugenie, Disraeli, Queen Victoria and the royal family, of course, and
others too numerous to mention.
Myths about Monarchs. By HANSARD WATT, author of “Home-made History.” 12mo,
cloth
net, $1.00
A book of clever nonsense verses, son of which have already been published in “The Westminster
Gazette,” “The London Magazine,
"Cassell's Magazine, and others. The author draws amusing
sketches of such musty old monarchs as Pharaoh, Cyrus, Busiris, Cresus, and Darius.
Brain and Personality. Revised Edition. By DR. W. HANNA THOMSON, M.D., LLD.
net, $1.20
The object of this book is to acquaint the general reader with the remarkable discoveries of modern
physiological science of the specific relations of the certain areas on the surface of the brain to special mental
functions. It has been the aim of the author to steer clear of technical terms as far as possible.

12mo, cloth.


196
[April 1,
THE DIAL
THE HIBBERT
JOURNAL
A QUARTERLY REVIEW OF RELIGION, THEOLOGY, AND PHILOSOPHY
The April issue, with a notable group of subjects and contributors, representative of the international scope
and purpose of the JOURNAL, is now ready. A partial list of contents is given below.
THE LEADING ARTICLES FOR APRIL
THE IMMORTALITY OF THE SOUL. Part II. The Permanence of Personality
By SIR OLIVER LODGE
RELIGIOUS TRANSITION AND ETHICAL AWAKENING IN AMERICA
By PROFESSOR ARTHUR 0. LOVEJOY
THE DISTINCTIVE THING IN CHRISTIAN EXPERIENCE By REV. P. T. FORSYTH, M.A., D.D.
AN AGNOSTIC'S CONSOLATION .
By MRS. H. F. PETERSON
THE DUALISM OF ST. AUGUSTINE
By PAUL E. MORE
KNOWLEDGE AND FAITH .
By G. LOWES DICKINSON
THE CATHOLIC CHURCH: WHAT IS IT? By RIGHT REV. MGR. JOHN S. CANON VAUGHAN
WAS JESUS A “DIVINE MAN" AND NOTHING MORE? By REV. RICHARD MORRIS, M.A., B.D.
BRITISH EXPONENTS OF PRAGMATISM
By PROFESSOR E. B. M'GILVARY
THE WORLD VIEW OF A POET: GOETHE'S PHILOSOPHY By PROFESSOR FRANK THILLY
DISCUSSIONS AND REVIEWS, and Other Valuable Contributions.
.
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1908.]
197
THE DIAL
INTERESTING
NEW
PUBLICATIONS
Generation
OLONEL CARR has shown in his
new book, as few living men could,
just how vitally interesting that period
was, between the days of the anti-slavery
agitation and the time just gone. The
distinguished author of “The Illini" and
By
“ Lincoln at Gettysburg” has known per-
CLARK E. CARR
sonally and intimately probably as many
of the great men and women of this
Author of "THE ILLINI,” “ LINCOLN country as any other man now living,
AT GETTYSBURG”
and thus he is in a position to give his
reminiscences the intimate personal note
WITH OVER SIXTY ILLUSTRATIONS
which lifts them above the mere historical
Large 8vo. Cloth, gilt top. Net $3.00 narrative. My Day and Generation” is
fraught with meaning for all who would
know how this country came to be what it is, and is written with all the facility
and power of philosophical analysis that distinguished Colonel Carr's other books.
An American
Student
in France
THE
HE Old World discovered by an
American student ! By one late
transported from college lectures on the
history, the art, the speech of France;
from wistful flights of fancy inspired by
Lake Michigan's far-training blue, to the
Place de L'Etoile, with its ray-like vistas
of beautiful avenues thronged with pa-
geants, and festive with bourgeoning trees
By
and flowers, the Arc de Triomphe above
him, and at his feet- the stones of Paris.
ABBÉ FÉLIX KLEIN
The young Abbé Lagrange gives the
Author of “IN THE LAND OF THE
reader a good inside view of the intricate
STRENUOUS LIFE"
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makes interesting détours, north into
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immediate and graphic, that we feel he has indeed re-discovered the Old World.
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS FROM PHOTOGRAPHS
A. C. MCCLURG & CO.
PUBLISHERS
CHICAGO


198
[April 1, 1908.
THE DIAL
Important New Macmillan Books
THE MOST IMPORTANT OF MODERN HISTORIES IS UNQUESTIONABLY
LORD CROMER'S great work on MODERN EGYPT
Lord Cromer aims to do two things :
First, he wishes to place on record an accurate narrative of the progress of affairs and
The difficulties of admin the principal events which have occurred in Egypt and the Soudan since 1876; his work
istering an Eastern de has been done with extreme thoroughness and with constant access to the documents
of the Foreign Offices in Cairo and London. During the whole period of which he
pendency by a Western
writes he was in close communication with every one who played any prominent part in
nation are causing the Egyptian affairs.
most vital political prob-
Second, he wishes to explain the results which have accrued to Egypt from the British
lems of this century, in
occupation of the country in 1882 – results which are creating the liveliest interest
the opinion of many.
among those who, facing problems not wholly dissimilar, have watched keenly the
development of Egypt under Lord Cromer from a state of anarchy to its present pros-
perous condition.
In two octavo volumes, with two portraits, $6.00 net.
OF INTEREST CLOSELY RELATED TO THE ABOVE ARE THESE
Mr. B. L. Putnam Weale's forecast of England In two volumes
The Coming Struggle in Eastern Asia By A. Lawrence Lowell
contains a critical account of the Japanese plan and
A comprehensive survey of the English political
policy since the great war, and a clear outline of the
system, comparable in value only to the Hon. James
Bryce's The American Commonwealth, and likely
attitude forced upon the United States in the East.
to become equally indispensable in the study of pop-
8vo, cloth, illus., $3.50 net.
ular government. Probably ready in April.
NOTABLE CONTRIBUTIONS TO POETRY AND LITERATURE
The Works of Alfred Lord Tennyson In the new Eversley Edition
ANNOTATED BY HIMSELF, EDITED BY HIS SON. Just ready. Volume II. $1.50 net; by mail, $1.64.
The comments supply interesting details in regard to the date and circumstances under which many of the poems
were written, bits of correspondence in reference to them from the poet's friends, and now and then a bit of
hitherto unpublished verse. Volume II. contains The Princess, Maud, Enoch Arden, and In Memoriam.
The Golden Hynde, and Other Poems Mr. Percy MacKaye's new play
By Alfred Noyes
The Scarecrow
"It has seemed to us from the first that Noyes has
The dramatic critic of the Sun remarks: "It cannot
been one of the most hope-inspiring figures in our
be too plainly or too positively said that in his own
latter-day poetry. He, almost alone, of the younger
field Mr. MacKaye deserves a place beside the leaders
men seems to have the true singing voice, the gift of
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uttering in authentic lyric cry some fresh, unspoiled
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Jack London's new novel The Iron Heel
The Heart of a Child
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Mr. H. G. Wells's new book New Worlds for Old
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Cloth, 12mo, $1.50 net; by mail, $1.61.
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Edited by LESLIE STEPHEN A RE-ISSUE IN 22 VOLUMES AT ONE-THIRD OF THE ORIGINAL PRICE, WHICH WILL
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DIAL
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at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879.
now known to be in existence, and is preserved
in the Public Record Office in London. The
No. 523.
APRIL 1, 1908. Vol. XLIV.
aims of the venture were succinctly set forth,
and among them we find the following: “That
CONTENTS.
something may be done towards the Curing, or
A PRAGMATIC SANCTION
199
at least the Charming of that Spirit of Lying,
which prevails among us, wherefore nothing
CASUAL COMMENT
201
An outburst of German imaginative genius. -
shall be entered, but what we have reason to
Pullman-car fiction.-A library sign of the season.
believe is true repairing to the best fountains for
-The call of the stage.—The fiction-fed public.-
our Information. And when there appears any
The income from literary work. – A close paral material mistake in anything that is collected,
lelism. – Population growth and book-circulation it shall be corrected in the next." These words
growth. - Meredithian echoes.—Preparations for
the Milton tercentenary. - The Puritan father of
show with what good intentions the incipiency
Mr. Edmund Gosse. — A library with a brisk cir of American journalism was marked ; that it was
culation. Chinese ideographs. - To lovers of the also deliberate in another sense appears from
Leatherstocking Tales.
the fact that the paper was to be published only
COMMUNICATIONS
204 once a month, unless some “ Glut of Occur-
An Unreached Goal. Katherine H. Austin.
rences
» should necessitate a more frequent
Variations in Library Classification. G. R. H.
appearance. It is not probable that the pro-
A NOTEWORTHY TILDEN AFTERMATH. Percy jectors of this sheet were familiar with Shake-
F. Bicknell. .
205
speare, but if they had been, they might have
IN THE SCALES OF ACADEMIC CRITICISM.
supported their accusation of mendacity by a
F. B. R. Hellems .
206 text from Falstaff “Lord, how this world is
CANADA AND THE THIRTEEN COLONIES.
given to lying!” But they could hardly have
Lawrence J. Burpee
. 209 anticipated the extent to which lying as a fine
MYTH AND LEGEND IN JAPANESE ART.
art was destined to be encouraged by the very
Frederick W. Gookin
211
agency which they were engaged in bringing
SIGNS OF RELIGIOUS UNREST. T. D. A. Cockerell 212
into activity (as they fondly supposed) for its
suppression.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
213
We have gone far since the days when the
A doctor's diversions in essay-writing. - The ubi-
guileless fisherman of Massachusetts Bay freed
quitous and nefarious Mosquito. — The new view
of the personality of Wordsworth. — The latest
the genie of journalism from its leaden casket.
word in Botany. — Adam Smith in the light of The newspaper is no longer a furtive experi-
modern sociology. - A Bishop of the Southern ment, but an established institution, provided
Confederacy.-A storied Scottish river.-Charming with traditions, with set rules, and with funda-
essays by an English naturalist.
mental dogmas. These attributes are the out-
BRIEFER MENTION
216 come of its long and active existence, and have
NOTES
217 slowly taken shape under the pressure of cir-
cumstances. The policy of journalism is as
MORE ANNOUNCEMENTS OF SPRING BOOKS 218
definite a thing as the policy of diplomacy, or
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS
219
of monarchy, or of ecclesiasticism. It is bound
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
220 at all costs to maintain the efficiency of the
.
.


200
[April 1,
THE DIAL
institution, and holds itself exempt from con must preserve its prestige,” and his cue from
siderations that would be binding upon the “The Prince,” Mr. Smith proceeds, by the use of
individual conscience. Just as a king, or an the Machiavellian method, and with much of the
ambassador, or a bishop will commit himself in subtlety of argument displayed by the Floren-
his institutional or representative character to a tine philosopher, to establish his contention in
course of action which would be impossible to a behalf of journalistic inerrancy. The editor, no
morally-minded individual, so an editor will do less than the absolute prince, must follow the
many things which would be abhorrent to him rules of his particular game, and prove himself
as a man conscious only of his personal relation quite superior to all considerations of bourgeois
to his fellows. In his private intercourse, he morality. He is no seeker after truth, but a
may be the soul of truthfulness, but when he purveyor of notions that are good enough for
dons his robes the truth is no longer in him; he day-by-day consumption. Any other conception
becomes the partisan of a policy, and is prepared of his function would speedily relegate him to
in its interests to resort to the suppressio veri the ranks of academics and idealists. If he
and the suggestio falsi, and to aid his cause by were to become a victim of the delusion that
downright falsehood as far as the employment “ news” and “ facts” had
any
definite relation-
of falsehood seems reasonably safe.
ship, he would probably have to be placed under
The sacred word of the editorial calling, as restraint. Why,“ a serious and persistent pur-
of the other callings we have grouped in the suit of facts would carry the journalist into the
same category, is “ prestige," and nothing short field of the historian,
field of the historian," and where would then
of the danger of an impaired prestige will keep be his prestige ?
the representative of either of these callings near Our author's grave and mordant satire may
the line of scrupulous conduct. The prestige be illustrated by the following paragraph :
of the State must be preserved, even at the cost “ Journalists of the highest mental type develop
of immoral treaties and unrighteous wars; the a philosophy which is by no means unknown
prestige of the Church must be maintained, outside of their profession. They hold that
even at the cost of suppressing free inquiry truth is not ascertainable, and that, if it could
and condoning obvious guilt; the prestige of be ascertained, it would probably be valueless.
the newspaper must be guarded, even at the Applied to journalistic problems this theory
cost of betraying the public and defeating the produces very convenient inferences. Since the
ends of justice. Professor Munroe Smith, in facts which constitute an occurrence can never
a recent issue of the “ North American Re be fully ascertained,one view of the occurrence
view," has developed this thesis as regards is presumably as good as another. The first
journalism in a highly interesting manner, impression may be modified by a second, but
and has ingeniously shown that “the doctrine the second in turn may be modified by a third ;
of journalistic inerrancy” is fundamentally and in many cases, after long investigation, the
necessary for the support of newspaper pres first impression is reëstablished. As for edi.
tige, just as the doctrine of predestination is the torial opinions, they are probably sounder and
necessary foundation for the logical structure assuredly not less sound than other opinions.
of Calvinism, and just as the doctrine of divine The only value of opinions, in any case, is the
right is the necessary bulwark of monarchical influence which they exercise upon conduct;
absolutism.
and if an editorial opinion makes for desirable
The word “prestige,” as our writer points conduct, it is better than a more deliberate
out, has a dubious history, admirably fitting it judgment which may have undesirable results.
for its modern use as the shibboleth of news It follows that there is really no reason why
paperdom. In the eighteenth century, “pres- any plausible statement should be corrected or
tiges” were defined by our great lexicographer any laudable opinion modified.” It will be
as “ illusions, impostures, juggling tricks," and seen at once that the philosophy of inerrant
we still use the word “prestidigitator " in the journalism, thus expounded, is nothing more
sense of that old meaning. If to-day prestige than a special case of pragmatism, and is thus
has come to have something of the connotation brought into line with the ripest wisdom of our
of reputation, it still suggests its shady past, is eminently philosophical age. The journalist
acquired rather by smartness than by sincerity, may well say to the pragmatist, in Juliet's
and “implies nothing more than successful words, “ Thou hast comforted me marvellous
appeal to the imagination.” Taking as his much."
starting point the axiom that “a newspaper But however industriously journalism may


1908.]
201
THE DIAL
97
lay this flattering unction to its soul, there is
still a fly in the ointment. That bête noire
CASUAL COMMENT.
is the letter to the editor. It may be sent at AN OUTBURST OF GERMAN IMAGINATIVE GENIUS is
the most inopportune moment; it is always soon to be witnessed, according to the glad expectation
irritating; and, what makes the matter worse,
of that enthusiastic apostle of Teutonic culture, Professor
it has a certain traditional claim to consider-
Kuno Francke. In an article on “The New Spirit in
German Painting," with which the April “Cosmopolitan
ation. Evidently, the fellow who is ill-advised
opens, after vigorously disputing the prevalent notion
enough to write it must get short shrift, and that “the Germany of to-day is given over, body and
upon this point our philosopher is emphatic. soul, to industrialism and militarism, that the land of the
Every such petition for justice “must be so
poets and thinkers has converted itself into a country of
answered that the petitioner shall not be likely show how erroneous this widespread notion is; how
money-makers,” he maintains that “it would be easy to
to repeat his offence.” He must not be given deeply astir contemporary Germany is with literary
any real satisfaction, for that would encourage and artistic aspiration; how the spirit of romanticism
him to write again, and would also stimulate the same spirit which, at the beginning of the nineteenth
other aggrieved persons to write on other sub century, led to such works as Fausť" and the Ninth
Symphony'— is striding again through the land; how
jects. Fortunately, the editor has many effec-
there has arisen a new, thoroughly modern, and in-
tive ways of rebuking this form of impudence, tensely alive German drama; how monumental German
and ways which may be skilfully masked under culture has developed a decidedly original and striking
the pretence of fairness. He can set the letter
national style; and how the time seems to be drawing
in small type, for example, and tuck it into genius.” This tip-toe attitude of eager expectancy, so
near for another great outburst of German imaginative
some out-of-the-way corner. Or he can put characteristic of a century's opening, is a subject for
it in a conspicuous position, give it a heavy curious study. Confident expectation is undoubtedly
face heading which will darken its counsel in one of the factors tending to bring about realization, as
more than the literal sense, and follow it by might have been the history of the world if man had
our psychology makes us believe. How different, then,
a large type reply as scornful and crushing as
been created with six fingers instead of five on each
may be necessary. By these easy devices, the
devices, the band, and had adopted the duodecimal instead of the
editor of parts may strengthen the popular belief decimal system of notation! His natural longing and
in his omniscience, and establish the doctrine looking for new and better things with which to begin
the record of each fresh and untried century would in
of journalistic inerrancy upon an unshakable
that case have come every one hundred and forty-four
foundation. There is only one real danger, years instead of every hundred, and we might not now
which is that the doctrine may harden into a be all alert, with the “ New Thoughters," for marvellous
dogma, and the editor himself become its victim. and unimagined spiritual developments, or straining
That lies disaster, for the consistent practi- | audible message from Mars, or indulging in Utopian
eyes and ears, with the star-gazers, for some visible or
way
cal maintainance of the doctrine requires a clear
dreams of a graftless republic where railroad manipu-
head, and the clear-headed editor must know all
lators cease from troubling and toil-worn muck-rakers
the time that his doctrine is a fiction, and its are at rest.
assertion a matter of policy only.
PULLMAN-CAR FICTION, each story good for one
Mr. Smith plainly recognizes the danger here hundred miles of entertainment, is soon to be on sale at
involved, and his last and most solemn words every important railway news-stand in the land — or in
are devoted to warning editors against it. The
the world; for that energetic originator and organizer
of new enterprises, Mr. Seymour Eaton (of “Book-
rational journalist will, he thinks, confess to an
lovers'," « Tabard Inn,” and “ Teddy Bear” fame), has
error now and then, provided it concern some taken the matter in hand and is going to astonish and
purely trivial matter, for the very purpose
of delight the reading public with something new and irre-
strengthening the public faith in his substan- siștibly attractive. He is the founder and president of
« The Thinkers' Club," described in its prospectus as
tial inerrancy. He may even go so far as to
“a sort of clearing house for the thinkers of the
dismiss somewhat ostentatiously the reporter world,” and with him are said to be associated Mr.
who is made to shoulder the mistake.
“ An
Julian Hawthorne as vice-president, Mr. Harold Bolce
annual dismissal or a triennial retractation, if as secretary, and Mr. Edwin Liebfreed as treasurer.
properly staged, would cause the murmurs of
Just what kind of thoughts the Thinkers are going to
discontented thousands to pass unheeded.” By apparently formed for book-publishing purposes, it will
think, one can only conjecture; but as the association is
displaying the wisdom of the serpent, “the probably need some pretty busy thinking, and some
truthfulness and justice of his paper would so equally energetic doing, in these times, to make the
securely be established that subsequent vigor-
business succeed. The books to be published will “fill
ous adherence to normal journalistic policy exhaustive and expensive book," and will be of a uni-
the gap between the condensed magazine article and the
would not seriously impair this new prestige form size and price, – between eight thousand and
for many years."
twelve thousand words in length, and sold at twenty-


202
[April 1,
THE DIAL
five cents each. In addition to new works by well-known perament. Almost never does anyone who thinks he
writers, there will also be issued (less wisely, we must has it really possess it. To be sure, most people do
think) abridged editions of some of the standard works think they have it. How many, I wonder, in my
of literature. It is expected that by the first of May audience to-day, think they have not?”
the initial publications of the club will be out, and that
they will be of a serious character, some of them by THE FICTION-FED PUBLIC that patronizes the free
men who “ have been known up to the present time as library is always making moan because more novels,
great captains of industry rather than as great writers.” and more copies of the most popular novels, are not
The Pullman-Car Fiction is to follow a little later. bought for its delectation. It is a thirst that will be
slaked, probably, on the day when the toper turns down
A LIBRARY SIGN OF THE SEASON is now discernible. his glass and declares his craving forever satisfied; but
“ The members of the senior class,” runs a library
not before. Public libraries turn to this clamor an ear
school news item, “are spending the month in field of varying degrees of deafness. The Boston library,
work among the larger public libraries of the state.” for example, has in three consecutive years purchased
With note-book and pencil in hand, these sharp-eyed
129, 161, and 167 novels from the great mass of current
young persons, filled almost to the bursting point with English fiction examined by its committee. The city of
the latest and best instruction in the noble science of Trenton, N.J. (we cite the instance as the strongest
bibliothecology, and soon to go forth to a waiting world possible contrast), added to its public library in the last
and put into execution epoch-making schemes for the year, if the Seventh Annual Report is to be trusted, no
improvement of our public libraries, now bestow their fewer than 1882 works of fiction, its purchases of other
critical attention on the crying needs, the lamentably books being only 357 in excess of this number, and its
obsolete methods, of the larger libraries in their neigh total of volumes on the shelves not quite forty thousand.
borhood, and subject the officers of these institutions to It circulated 131,244 works of fiction, besides 54,284
a searching test as to their professional qualifications juvenile books how many of the latter were story-
and their fitness for their positions. “ Do you keep a
books is not reported, but one could venture a tolerable
shelf-list, and if not, why not ? "
« Let us see your
guess. In non-fiction, 25,495 volumes were drawn.
accessions-list." « Explain your system of ordering." The Trenton library maintains an excellent open-shelf
“ Do you carefully collate each book on its receipt ?” reference department and permits an almost limitless
“Do you use the Dewey or the Cutter classification ? borrowing of serious works on one card; but, unless we
What's that? You don't use either of them? Then have misread its Report, it believes in feeding the
how in the name of the A. L. A. do you ever find a book imagination with fiction more unstintedly than any
when you want it ?” “Do you make analytical entries
other public library of which we have knowledge.
in cataloguing public documents ?”
“ Explain your
charging system, please, and let us have samples of THE INCOME FROM LITERARY WORK is always a
your membership cards, call-slips, delinquent notices, matter of interest, possibly because the attempt to live
application forms, book-labels, and copies of
your
latest by writing prose or verse, like the attempt to live
bulletin.” Pending this inspection and examination, the by hunting and fishing, appeals to our sense of sport.
regular work of the library is intermitted, and all hands The writer's chase of that rare, wild animal, the five-
are mustered as for a fire-drill, the fire coming in a franc piece, has all the excitement and precariousness
raking volley from these pencil-equipped and notebook and high-bred scorn of danger of the hunter's trade.
armed “ members of the senior class."
Probably no man's gains are so usually over-estimated
as the author's. Mr. Laurence Hutton some years ago
THE CALL OF THE STAGE comes irresistibly to many gave the public a glimpse into his profit account which
young persons who fancy themselves histrionically gifted, must have been surprising to people who think of liter-
peculiarly endowed with the dramatic temperament. ature as a prosperous profession. Mr. William M.
To all such would-be wearers of sock or buskin Miss Rossetti in his volumes “Some Reminiscences" is more
Julia Marlowe addresses some words of advice in a explicit. He says that between 1869 and 1894 his
recent lecture before the students of Radcliffe College. literary income averaged about one hundred pounds
After dwelling on the actor's need of broad culture, and a year. This was the period when he was very much
after emphasizing the truth that " above all is a know in the public eye by reason of a multitude of articles
ledge of the fundamentals of literature indispensable,” and essays and not a few published books. Estimating
she says: “Scarcely a week passes that I do not receive by reputation and influence, one would have supposed
dozens, even hundreds, of letters from young people, his receipts to have been ten times this amount. For-
who tell me that they wish to act and who ask me to tunately, like so many Englishmen of letters, he held a
advise them as to how they shall begin. Almost invari government post which secured him a competent income.
ably the writers of these letters confide to me that they There is no pose in his straightforward biography, but
have temperament; very, very seldom do any of them one can read through the lines that he was the good
say that they are taking courses in singing, in gymnastics, angel of the House of Rossetti, exemplary in his duties
and above all, in dramatic literature. It would interest as a son, brother, and father. That a writer so widely
me much more were they to say that they were doing
known and so industrious could only clear the meagre
any of these things; not because they are more import-
amount stated above is a revelation.
ant or as important as the possession of temperament,
but because it does not often happen that any person is A CLOSE PARALLELISM exists between Alfred de
endowed with that rare and unique gift which we call Musset's “ Night of December” — the most sombre of
temperament. We have all observed that those persons the four “ Nights”—and Poe's powerful tale, “William
who say they have a sense of humor never really have Wilson.” In both a man is haunted from childhood to
it. Its very presence would prevent their dwelling upon middle age by a figure which changes as he changes and
it. This holds quite as true of persons who have tem which finally turns out to be a projection of himself.


1908.]
203
THE DIAL
.
GROWTH
AND
a not excep-
The “ Night” was written in November, 1835, and may Monument, or the Philadelphian who makes a practice
very well have been known to Poe. Of course the of spending his Sunday afternoon at the grave of
idea was not new with de Musset. In Calderon's Franklin; but the stranger from Kalamazoo and Oshkosh
“ Purgatory of St. Patrick” there is a creation – insists on these things as of the first importance. But
Embozado -- which dogs the hero's steps, embarrasses apart from the mere fascination of the remote, Amer-
him by appearance, confronts him again and again, until ican recognition of European genius has ever been
he turns upon it with drawn sword, when it drops its prompt and generous à discernment of which we
mask and cloak and stands there, the man himself. In have reason to be proud. It is a pleasure to learn from
the original legend upon which Calderon embroidered,
the “Book Monthly” that Mr. Meredith “is as brilliant
the idea was of pieces of paper which kept dropping from as ever in intellect, and his voice still has the music
the sky at a man's feet and upon each of which he found of the spheres, as Gladstone's and Queen Victoria's had
inscribed his own name. One of Góngora’s ballads has unto the last."
a similar motive. A man is on his way to an assignation PREPARATIONS FOR THE MILTON TERCENTENARY, to
with a nun. A funeral procession with lighted candles be held in London next December, are now in progress.
crosses his path. He follows it. The train enters a
Preluding that main performance comes the exhibition
church and the bier is deposited before the altar. He
of important Miltoniana at the Columbia University
approaches it and draws the cloth from the dead man's
Library - a display which, in unique items, is said to be
face --- and beholds his own. The idea has been used
unsurpassable even in the poet's own country. Through
by Rossetti in both picture and verse, and, of course, by
Professor Simkhovitch's zealous efforts has been gath-
Hawthorne and Stevenson ; but de Musset's beautiful
ered together a great array of first and other rare
development of it is probably less known.
editions of Milton's writings, with other relics dear to
the bibliophile and to the antiquary. Of chief interest
POPULATION
BOOK-CIRCULATION
is the original printer's manuscript, with the official
GROWTH do not always proceed pari passu. It is
license, of the first book of “ Paradise Lost.” This
encouraging to find in the public library report, just
manuscript — thirty-three quarto pages in the hand-
issued, of a typical New England city
writing of the blind poet's amanuensis --- is a part of the
tionally intellectual city, and one too near the great
copy " from which Peter Parker in 1667 printed for
libraries of Boston to serve as an ideal example — that Samuel Simmons, holder of the copyright, the early
while during the last twenty years the population has editions of the poem. On the inside of a leaf at the
increased by about two hundred and seventeen per cent, beginning is the license, in autograph, of the Rev.
the home circulation of the library has grown three Thomas Tomkyns, press censor of the period. So far
hundred and four per cent; and the total use of library
as is known, this is the sole surviving fragment of the
books shows a gain of three hundred and fifty-four per original manuscript of the great epic; and it is not
cent. “ These figures indicate,” continues the report surprising that it brought £5000 at private sale four
(of the Malden, Mass., public library), “ that the use of
years ago. What bit of inked paper, unless it might
the library by the people has become more general, and
be an autograph copy of a Shakespeare sonnet or play,
that it has outstripped the growth of the city, even though would the lover of English literature value more highly ?
a supply of the most ephemeral and worthless popular
Its present owner is Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan.
literature has not been provided.” We know, from
personal inspection, that the library's purchases of books
THE PURITAN FATHER OF MR. EDMUND Gosse may
have been, in general, governed by wisdom. “It has
possibly not have been so ungenial a specimen of father-
not been the policy of the management,” says President
hood as the reader has been led to infer from the pages
D. P. Corey, of the Board of Trustees, “ to increase the
of that remarkable book, “Father and Son.” Those
circulation by sensational appeals and methods and an who are curious in this matter and can gain access
apparent activity that is superficial rather than real. ...
to “Longmans' Magazine " for March, 1889, will find
Adapting the words of a recent writer, the library has
there a contribution from the pen of Philip Henry
given attention to the strengthening of its simple
Gosse, F.R.S. (the “ father” of the book), entitled “ A
primary functions rather than to the invention of new
Country Day-School Seventy Years Ago.” A corre-
schemes to attract more patrons,' thus avoiding the
spondent of the London “ Athenæum "calls attention to
danger of giving an inadequate service in many varied
this article as being “full of humor and knowledge of
activities, some of which may be of no real benefit to
boy life, and not at all priggish or Puritanical." He
the public.” A wise conservatism, this, and one that
adds that “the stories of school life therein show that
has produced good results.
the writer thoroughly understood it, and make the
reader wonder if the Father' did not understand the
MEREDITHIAN ECHOES,
the dying reverberations of Son' better than the Son now thinks he did, and was
plaudits and huzzas raised in celebration of the octoge quite so severe or mirthless as the book would make
narian novelist's birthday, continue to strike on the ear one fancy." Yet the child's impressions, deep and
from various quarters. American admiration of Mr.
lasting, were what they were; and whatever the charm
Meredith is recognized by the editor of the London of this article written in the mellowness of age, one
“ Book Monthly” in a pleasant article describing his must believe that it was an austere experience to which
visit to Boxhill on the veteran writer's eightieth birth the boy was subjected.
day. “For years," he says, “ American admirers of
Mr. Meredith have found their way to Boxhill — more A LIBRARY WITH A BRISK CIRCULATION, so brisk
Americans than English, — and in his frank, kindly way indeed as to cause some astonishment when its com-
he has received them, if only to say how glad he was to paratively rural location is considered, is the Washington
do so." This preponderance of trans-Atlantic visitors County Free Library at Hagerstown, Md. This insti-
illustrates again the attraction lent by distance to the tution, with its unique book-wagon and door-to-door
view. It is not the Bostonian who climbs Bunker Hill delivery and collection of books, has more than once
.


204
[April 1,
THE DIAL
received honorable mention in our columns; and it now has its way — defending itself by the claim that other-
appears that its fair fame has spread far beyond the wise the treasure must be wholly unknown to many a
limits, not only of Maryland, but of the United States. reader.
When the librarian of the Yamaguchi (Japan) Public Here follows an attempt to reproduce in English a
Library asked our government for the latest information very perfect little thing” of which Professor Saints-
concerning the best means of reaching country districts bury gives the original in his “ Periods of European
with library books, he was referred to this Hagerstown | Literature: Later Nineteenth Century.” Of its author,
library as a model for his study. This and many other the Austrian Baroness Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach, he
interesting facts are set forth in the 1906–7 report of says: “She cannot be missed as among the most un-
the library, wherein is announced the remarkable achieve doubted possessors of really poetic spirit who have
ment of having circulated 91,856 volumes with a total written in German during the last half century.” And
of 18,095 with which to do it - an average of more upon the poem he makes this comment : “ It will be
than five lendings per volume. Besides the central observed that this has not only the right German senti-
building, there are seventy-one deposit stations through- ment, but is a most happy exemplification of the poetic
out the county; thirty-nine schools are also in receipt capacities of the German tongue itself, in the repeated
of books; and the book-wagon visited fifteen of the sighings or breathings of the final e in the last line, with
remoter villages. The Report, with its eight attractive the full vowel sound of the preceding syllables contrast-
illustrations, is a credit to the library.
ing, supporting, and embellishing them. In much read-
ing of modern German verse, it will not be easy to find an
CHINESE IDEOGRAPHS, which have not only served example of equal scale better in itself, or better illustrat-
the literary needs of China herself for centuries, but ing the unforced and natural character of the best work
have also proved a potent instrument in enabling Japan
of the same kind in the same country.”
to assimilate the literature and civilization of her next-
“ Ein kleines Lied, wie geht's nur an,
door neighbor, are now likely to give place, to an
Dass man so lieb es haben kann,
increasing extent, to the alphabet used by the western
Was liegt darin ? Erzäble!
world. At a late meeting Tokio of the promoters of
this desirable substitution, Count Okuma made an ani-
Es liegt darin ein wenig Klang,
mated address in its favor. As a mere matter of fiscal
Ein wenig Wohllaut und Gesang
economy, the removal of this barrier to international
Und eine ganze Seele!”
communication would save the Empire a large annual
outlay for clerks and copyists whose functions would
A tiny song — 0, what's the art
cease with the introduction of alphabetic writing and
That makes it dear to every heart ?
I wait now for your telling.
printing. It is curious to note the coincidence of this
movement with the invention of an elaborate and ingen-
A song is something that can ring -
ious ideograph type-writer (if that is not a contradiction
A little melody and swing –
in terms); but the native symbols are likely long to
And a whole soul there indwelling!
remain in home use.
Now will some other contributor be inspired to make
TO LOVERS OF THE LEATHERSTOCKING Tales it will
a more felicitous effort toward attaining the unattain-
come as a welcome announcement that a Fenimore
able? If so, the Baroness von Ebner-Eschenbach's
Cooper Statue Association has been formed, with Presi-
publishers, the Gebrüder Paetel of Berlin, will surely
dent Eliot of Harvard as chairman, and a committee
give the same permission to print the newer version
including such prominent names as Rudyard Kipling,
in America which they have granted to the present
Brander Matthews, Thomas R. Lounsbury, and Donald
translator.
KATHARINE H. AUSTIN.
G. Mitchell. It is proposed to erect at Cooperstown, Providence, R. I., March 20, 1908.
N.Y.,— not his birthplace, for he was born at Burlington,
N.J., but his deathplace, if one may say so — a bronze
or marble statue of this first great American romancer.
VARIATIONS IN LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION.
The committee feels that it is high time, and the right
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
time, to pay this tribute to one who has given and is The communication in your issue of Feb. 1, by
still giving so much wholesome entertainment to his Thomas H. Briggs, on
“ Problems of the Smaller
fellow-countrymen; and hope is entertained that young Libraries," must necessarily appeal very strongly to
and old will unite to make the testimonial a worthy one. librarians who do not have at their disposal larger
libraries to consult. There is such possibility for an
diversity of opinion as to how a book may be classified
under the Dewey Decimal System that one is often at
COMMUNICATIONS.
a loss to know exactly where to place a new publication.
My attention is particularly called to this fact relative
AN UNREACHED GOAL.
to James's “ Pragmatism." Three catalogues listing
the monthly additions to the libraries, published by
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
prominent libraries in the East, each give a different
The impulse to translate a charming thing into one's classification for this book. One has “190, Modern
mother-tongue will continue to assert itself as long as Philosophers "; one “ 191, American Philosophers ";
the world has more languages than one. As regularly one “199, Other Modern Philosophers.” Still another
it will be chilled by the knowledge that either some catalogue gives it as "150, Mental faculties, Psychol-
evaporation of the essence or some deviation from the ogy." The uninitiated is often at a loss to know where
form is certain to occur in the process, even under
he is “ at.”
G. R. H.
the best conditions. But again and again the impulse March 19, 1908.


1908.]
205
THE DIAL
66
The New
that of Israel's second king in being a life of
Books.
almost constant warfare a warfare that made
him more or less liable to be viewed with pa
A NOTEWORTHY TILDEN AFTERMATH.* tisan eyes and judged with but partial justice.
The nonagenarian editor of the “Letters and The passage of time is necessary for the true
Literary Memorials of Samuel J. Tilden” finds perspective; and so, continues the editor, with
himself on familiar ground, dealing as he does another Biblical illustration, “ we only see a
with political history and biography all of which public man as he is entitled to be seen, as Moses
he saw, so far as a contemporary could, and part
was permitted to see his Lord : after he had
of which he was
a considerable part, too, first passed.” These and other passages in Mr.
and last. Mr. John Bigelow, the senior executor Bigelow's preface leave the reader fully confi-
of Tilden's will, the author of a standard Life of dent that the words and acts of Mr. Tilden will
the man, and the editor of a selection from his have no editorial construction put upon them
writings and speeches, which was published the that might seem harshly unjust to his admirers.
year
before Mr. Tilden's death, has had the sift- He is in tender hands. Perhaps the strongest
ing of a mountain of manuscript in the twenty-
note of anything like disapproval is struck in
two years since the testator's will was opened the following commentary on his view of the
and it was found that its forty-second clause slavery question in 1853 :
provided for the publication of such further • It was at this stage of Pierce's administration that
papers as his trustees and executors should judge ing by sight and not by faith.
Tilden began to indulge in the deplorable error of walk-
He did not believe, nor
worthy of preservation in book form.
did he ever again seem to comprehend, that in the
In all that he wrote, even in the composition slave States all other questions, even the Constitution
of his school exercises and the penning of the
of our government and the integrity of our territory,
most informal letter or note, Tilden seems to
were subordinate throughout the South to the preserva-
tion and extension of slavery; that every person who
have had posterity before his mind's eye; his
ventured publicly to express a doubt of the wisdom of
utterances were addressed, one might almost say allowing slavery to extend to the free Territories was
primarily addressed, to an audience beyond the pronounced there a suspect, and was proscribed as a per-
grave. He took his life and his doings with son who tainted every one who associated with him
tremendous seriousness. The editor accounts
politically. The Nullifiers saw, and saw correctly, that
the anti-slavery sentiment could only be resisted in
for this in part by the fact that even as a youth | America as heresy was resisted by Louis XIV. in
he had, by both pen and speech, won the re France - by crushing the heretics or driving them from
spectful attention of the leading statesmen of the country. To reason with Pierce (as Tilden had done
the day. At school, we are told, “ he preserved in a letter evoking this comment) in favor of dispensing
all his composition exercises, and from that time
his patronage in the State of New York in accordance
with the public opinion of the State, was as idle as the
to the close of his life it may well be doubted if | lamb's reasoning with the wolf in the fable.”
he ever wrote a note or document of any kind To illustrate the cardinal events in Tilden's
of which he did not preserve the draft or copy." public life, such as his part in the Tweed Ring
Small wonder, therefore, that the accumulated
exposures and his trying experience as presi-
manuscript dealing with its writer's fifty years dential candidate, one would have liked, and
of active public life should have to be measured
would have expected, to find many letters from
by the cord and weighed by the ton. In the some his pen giving an intimate view of his opinions
what grandiloquent language of the editor, and feelings; but though friendly and admiring
“The duty imposed upon his executors of looking tributes in abundance from his correspondents
through such a vast collection of papers and selecting
such as would be profitable for publication has been a
are printed, there seems to have been at the
long and a very tedious one. They indulge the hope,
editor’s disposal a far less ample supply of
however, that the volumes now submitted will be found answers to these correspondents. At any rate,
to shed upon the history of our country during the lat- just what we most curiously look for at these
ter half of the last century much light unlikely to be interesting periods we fail to discover. As a
reflected with equal lustre from any other quarter. It
will also, they believe, help to transmit to posterity a
specimen of his letter writing, the following
juster sense than as yet generally prevails of the majes- sufficiently self-explanatory paragraph, from a
tic proportions of one of the most gifted statesmen our note to Eugene Casserly, dated July 3, 1872,
country has produced.”
has an interest to those old enough to remember
Two
pages
further on Tilden's life is likened to the political situation of that time:
“ The Cincinnati movement has been so early and
* LETTERS AND LITERARY MEMORIALS OF SAMUEL J. TILDEN.
Edited by John Bigelow, LL. D. In two volumes. New York:
long encouraged by you and by me and by many who
Harper & Brothers.
thought with us, that it grew to have an impetus and


206
[April 1,
THE DIAL
volume which were important and not easily tumed and correct (and sometimes turgidly platitud-
aside from the channel it made for itself. Our people; inous) deliverances of those other great ones
in being educated to favor it, had become accustomed
to count on it, and at last became dependent upon it.
whose capable hands were more occupied in
I never saw how its acts were capable of readjustment, moulding the destinies of nations than in pen-
or how the question now before us would be other than ning letters that should live and breathe to after
the simple issue between Grant and Greeley. On this generations by reason of that unfailing preserva-
I concur with the instinctive sense of our people that a tive of written speech - charm of style. “I
change is necessary in the Federal administration. It
is rarely, if ever, possible for a party in office to reform have called at your office twice today on some
itself by the internal force of its best elements. We business of my own,” writes Bryant.
66 Will
must have a better state of things in national, State, and you oblige me by letting me know when you are
municipal government, and a higher standard in the
in your office, that I may come and bore you?”
public mind by which official men will be tried and to
which they will refer in their silent meditations and in
That is all, but it is enough to make one search
their actions, if we would preserve anything of value in the subsequent pages for some reference to the
our political system.”
boring, when (or if it actually took place. But
Coming down a few years later, we find many
the name, having once emerged to cheer the
cordially sympathetic and eulogistic communica- vision, comes not again to the surface in any but
tions to the man counted out by the Electoral Com-
the most casual and unsatisfactory manner.
mission called upon to decide a memorable dispute. The appreciation of Mr. Tilden contributed
Letters from General McClellan, Mr. Charles to “ The Atlantic Monthly” in 1892 by the
Francis Adams, and Mr. Abram S. Hewitt are
late James Coolidge Carter is reprinted as an
especially noteworthy. Mr. Adams writes : introduction to the letters. It is curious to note,
“On this day (March 5, 1877] when you ought to
in the brief reference to Tilden's governorship, a
have been the President of these United States, I seize situation closely paralleled to-day by a state of
the opportunity to bear my testimony to the calm and affairs not a thousand miles from Albany. The
dignified manner in which you have passed through this Tammany Hall leaders, scenting danger in the
great trial. It is many years since I ceased to be a
party man. Hence I have endeavored to judge of
Governor's reform plans, united with the so-
public affairs and men rather by their merits than by
called Canal Ring in a vigorous warfare against
the names they take. It is a source of gratification to him, and he found himself in peril of being
me to think that I made the right choice in the late deserted by a majority of his own party.
election. I could never have been reconciled to the
elevation by the smallest aid of mine of a person, how-
“The Democratic Speaker of the Assembly took the
floor and arraigned him as unfaithful to the Democracy
ever respectable in private life, who must forever carry
of the State. He had long before seen the possibility
upon his brow the stamp of fraud first triumphant in
of this combination against him, and had sought by the
American history. No subsequent action, however
practice of all the conciliatory arts of which he was a
meritorious, can wash away the letters of that record.”
thorough master, to prevent it. When it came, he was
Every page of these volumes will be inter not daunted by it, but boldly went behind his enemies
esting to those whose favorite reading and study
to the constituencies which they were betraying. They
is in the political history of our country, and
soon found that they were dealing with an adversary
who possessed resources which they had not taken into
especially interesting if they have lived through
account. Most of them abandoned their opposition.
the years, or any considerable part of them, The rest were severely dealt with by their constituents."
covered by the correspondence and other occa The work as a whole is an important and his-
sional writings selected for publication. These torically valuable supplement to Mr. Bigelow's
documents reveal a mind shrewd, alert, judicial, earlier publications in the same field.
delighting in argument but not in heated debate,
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
and always maintaining a certain cool dignity
and reserve even where a little show of heat or
even irritation might have been not out of place. IN THE SCALES OF ACADEMIC CRITICISM.*
Amid the many and illustrious names of states-
men and diplomats with which the pages are
Through the last few decades every page
sprinkled, it is pleasant now and then — but
of academic literary criticism appearing in En-
the occasions are extremely rare. - to come
gland has shown the influence of the talented
author of the Causeries du Lundi. The avowed
across a name known in literature. That of
Hawthorne lights up one page, by the merest discipleship of Matthew Arnold, who proved
accident, and that of Bryant another. In its
himself a follower at once loving and militant,
would have sufficed in itself to spread the gospel
very manner of expression, its choice of words,
the poet-editor's note, brief though it is, forms
• MODERN STUDIES. By Oliver Elton, Professor of English
Literature in the University of Liverpool. New York: Long-
a refreshing contrast to the invariably formal
mans, Green, & Co.


1908.]
207
THE DIAL
of the brilliant Gallic master; and all the oper- | masquerading as criticism, or of the scintillating
ating causes have come dangerously near turn pertness of the Shaw or Chesterton type.
ing him into une religion anglaise, if we may Neither do we find the more pardonable, more
modify one of his own references to Chau- ambitious, paradox of Oscar Wilde, that criti-
teaubriand. Nor, on the whole, is the homage cism is superior to creativeness ; although to
undeserved ; for with his contributions criticism the former, Professor Elton assigns no lowly
entered upon a newer and higher life. After functions. He believes that criticism should
the achievements of Sainte-Beuve, it was clear be keen and incisive, and forward-moving, if
once for all that criticism “ must never be con we may be pardoned the expression. It must
tent with the mere study of outward conditions, be absolutely impartial to the writer ; must be
sources, and influences; but must use these only rationally based ; and, above all, must quicken,
to press on to the discovery of what each artist, instead of deaden, the literary instinct in the
inalienably, uniquely, brings — of that within reader. In this spirit Professor Elton has
him which determines what influences he shall written upon such themes as “Recent Shake-
accept.” The impotent ponderosity of unimagi- speare Criticism,” “ Mr. Swinburne’s Poems,”
native erudition and the arrogant self-confidence “Mr. George Meredith,”_" Living Irish Lit-
of half-trained intuition will not soon die all in erature," and so forth. Two or three of the
all; but they have been robbed of most of essays in the collection are not primarily literary
their power. Unreasoning vituperation has been criticism, notably the important and attractive
driven from the field, although, unfortunately, treatment of “Giordano Bruno in England”;
it has not seldom been replaced by an equally but for most readers the interest of the volume
unreasoning amiability. Even this insipidity, will be due to the qualities above suggested.
however, has felt the new life, and will soon be
as innocuous as it is ridiculous. A sane scien- definitely suggested by the section on " The
tific method, based upon sound scholarship and Meaning of Literary History.” Herein the
enhanced by imaginative appreciation, has been central tenet is that "literature, being an art,
bequeathed to us by the “ greatest of literary must belong to the world and disown the quar-
historians.” In his opening address at the Uni- rels of the nations.” While the thought is not
versity of Liége, in 1848, he said:
new, our author has ably worked it out with
“Les études positives et sévères sont la base de tout reference to present conditions, and with a pleas-
Acquérez le solide. . : . Mais à côté, mais au-dessus, ing freedom from vagaries. He does not fall
laissez place à un peu de fantaisie, si elle veut naître,
à la flamme sur le front d' Iule,
into the ultimately philistine mistake of desiring
non pas sur le front
seulement, mais dans le cœur."
that the nations shall be in accord on all points,
And these words have always seemed to us
and speak with one literary voice. And we
strikingly applicable to the master who uttered gladly note his concession that variety is a vital
them. The reference to Iulus recalls his sound necessity for art, whereof the aim is to give plea-
and indispensable knowledge of the classics ;
sure through beauty, by realizing “in unique
the “exacting studies” suggest his accurate
suggest his accurate unchanging form the spirit of the individual.”
scholarship and his minute patient training in Knowledge is international or nothing ; science
method ; the demand for “un peu de fantaisie"
is impersonal and above race; but literature
points toward his penetrating and illuminating limitations. Difference of language is one very
neither can nor should altogether escape national
imagination. Such a leader was worthy of his
most distinguished followers.
tangible barrier.
In Professor Elton's volume of “Modern
“ The inner cell of the poet's mind is not hung with
charts or diagrams of doctrine that are equally true or
Studies,” the spirit of Sainte-Beuve is unob-
false in every idiom. It is peopled with wandering
trusively but persistently present. The author tunes that seek their appointed thought, and lonely
appreciates fully the inevitable classic criticism phrases that seek a completing cadence, until at last,
of such
from some chance union that eludes all our psychology,
he
us,
the immortal word is born. And this cannot be trans-
turns with special eagerness to the judgments
ferred to another tongue.”
passed by a craftsman upon his fellows ; and he
But in the face of all difficulties, literature must
rightly places Mr. Swinburne's literary verdicts
high in the scale, despite their enormous
strive to be cosmopolitan.
“ It must join with education and science, the forces
panegyric or superlative damnation.” But
that unite, and not with those that serve for estrange-
primarily our author represents the academic ment, such as racial distrust and war; or civilization
school with which we began. Naturally, there
wastes a chance."
is no trace in his pages either of journalism | The essay then goes on to discuss the changing
a man as


208
[April 1,
THE DIAL
ature.”
ideals of literary history, and to point out the antithetical Victorians may have been acci-
growth of the study of literature from the inter- dental ; but it remains a felicitous auxiliary of
national side in France, Italy, Germany, and the above contention. Many of the “ imper-
“the States.” In this connection, Columbia sonal forces" acting upon Tennyson and Mr.
University receives a well-deserved tribute for Swinburne were identical; but the Zeitgeist
its " series of books - not little theses, but has seldom evoked more dissimilar shapes from
books -- on various aspects of Tudor litera his cauldron. At heart, the late Laureate was
ture.” Such intelligent collaboration appeals in sympathy with the “stable, immemorial,
with force to Professor Elton, and he looks dignified English society.” His younger con-
forward very eagerly to its spreading in the temporary found his keenest life in the ringing
mother country. However, there is no undue revolutionary cry that centred about Mazzini.
deference to “ the States," for he feels that on Tennyson was ever anxious to make the new
the whole the Englishman has a more rational wine of nineteenth century thought enter peace-
schooling than the more enterprising American, fully into the old bottles of accepted religion.
and writes a better and fresher style ; so that Mr. Swinburne would not merely allow the old
the results would be correspondingly more valu- bottles to sink quietly into disuse, - he would
able if the system of collaboration were once burst them even dramatically, and would fairly
set in motion. The paper concludes with some bathe in the new wine as in his beloved sea.
short chapters in review of Dr. Courthope's And so the contrast might be carried on, until the
“ History of English Poetry” and Professor two poets should be seen in almost antipodean
Saintsbury's“ Short History of English Liter- opposition. Such expressions as “ a child of his
Throughout the reviews, Professor age" or "an inevitable product of environment”
Elton succeeds in bringing his authors into have been thrown about most profusely since the
relation with his central subject, while passing application of science to literature; but they
careful criticism upon their books. With refer would seem to require pretty careful weighing
ence to the “Short History," we may steal if they are to retain much real meaning. And
space to venture the deliberate opinion that it this is one of the principal values of such work
is rated by our critic considerably higher than as is contained in the present volume ; for Pro-
it deserves. However, “ the catholic connois- fessor Elton never loses sight of individual per-
seurship” of Professor Saintsbury, even if not sonalities in the influences operating upon them.
infrequently fallible, does associate itself help Furthermore, his estimate of these two
fully with the idea of a federal literature in makers of verse seems to us thoroughly sane,
which Professor Elton is so laudably interested. and as nearly adequate as the compulsory brev-
The inaugural lecture on Tennyson and the ity of his treatment would permit." The almost
review of the collected edition of Mr. Swin- reverent attitude toward Tennyson has made
burne's poems exhibit our author's critical it not altogether easy to assert his weaknesses.
method, and at the same time support one of The height of his purpose, the purity of his life,
the fundamental tenets voiced in the section the quiet dignity of his individuality, the great-
we have been discussing. Being an academic ness of his character, united to make his beauti-
critic, he naturally concedes the necessity of ful poetry seem more nearly perfect than it was.
understanding certain impersonal forces, which But when all the garlands are bestowed, the fact
from age to age tend to prescribe the form and remains that much of his work is marred by
aim of poetry and to beleaguer it about.” what the Germans call Halbheit. Compromise
“They play upon each artist in different proportions, may have been the secret of England's parlia-
fitfully and with no steady pressure. But there are mentary strength; but it is not the essence of
other forces that lie beyond analysis, namely, those
final poetry. And this our author insists upon,
which move the artist and decide how he shall choose
among these floating tendencies in the mind of his time,
without belittling the exceptional services of
how he shall combine or alter them, what he shall accept
the poet or failing to applaud his wonderful
of them. Tendencies, it must be repeated, have no real
achievements. Into his more detailed criticism
existence, except in the shapes in which the individual
we may not enter ; but here, likewise, the scales
mind chooses to submit to them. ... The mind is not
are held in admirable balance.
a cauldron in which certain ingredients simmer mechani-
cally, so that a certain result can be expected. No;
To Mr. Swinburne's poetry we shall long
the Time-Spirit says a charm over the cauldron, and turn for his young-hearted yearning toward
unborn shapes arise out of it; it is only a third-rate beauty and his determined will to learn its
writer who can be analysed away into influences.'”
meaning; for his unequalled voicing of the
The juxtaposition of the articles on the two | mysterious but inevitable amor mortis that


1908.]
209
THE DIAL
sways and perturbs every adolescent heart; for as his ear is so thoroughly familiar with “ Maud"
his desperate love of liberty and his moral.passion we might have expected him to avoid such an
for mankind, as seen in the poems of the Mazzini annoying false echo as “that with which no
period. He has helped us more than any other fault can be found, except that it is faultlessly
modern Englishman to understand that “the null.” The slip would be negligible in a less
emotions of fraternity and self-sacrifice and ulti- competent writer, and the very fact of our
mate hope are the lyric poet's true material.” mentioning it may indicate the paucity of vul-
Many who cannot love the soul of his poetry nerable points. There is, however, a remote
must admire the form in which it is embodied. possibility of pedantry shadowed forth by the
The infinite musical resource of his metres is frequent use of proper adjectives or kindred
almost incredible. And yet, when all this is devices. Thus, in six lines we have :
conceded, we may acquiesce in Professor Elton's “Certainly Bruno's Platonism misses the note of
judicial verdict that
chivalry. His Rabelaisian fulness of life, which utters
“Much of Mr. Swinburne's song and lyric for twenty
itself in his spendthrift eloquence, carries him far from
years has been performance rather than creation. No
his contemporary Tasso. He lacks Shakespeare's con-
one else could write it; it is sincere; but it perishes like
ception of love, just as he misses the strain of saintliness
the scud or the cloud-wreath, in the act of formation.
that is heard in Spenser. Love to him is now a gaily
His true power during that long interval lies in
Lampsacene appetite," etc.
prose
and drama.”
But in the other essays this tendency is less
Even in moral feeling, as well as in effect, the marked, and inasmuch as the Bruno paper will
rebellious poét might have gained if he could
be attractive primarily to the scholarly inclined,
have escaped a certain lack of measure in assail the trait is interesting rather than important.
ing some of his favorite antipathies. As a To any reader who has followed this notice,
caustic reviewer said some years ago, he might it will be clear that we are inclined to place a
have been less bitter toward God and Mr. rather high value upon this latest volume by
Gladstone. With his striking merits and defects Professor Elton. His traditions of literary
before us, it would be unwise to bazard
very con-
criticism are the best; his appreciation of the
fident vaticinations about his treatment at the growing importance of natural science in the
hands of the future.
literary field is significant of his keen and for-
“ The fame of a profuse and unequal and unresting
ward vision ; his advocacy of comparative lit-
writer has of necessity to wait longer than that of one erature must win unhesitating approval ; his
who, like Dante Gabriel Rossetti, winnows his work and outlook on life is clear and wide; his sym-
saves only that which possesses the utmost intensity and
perfection, and who is thus his own anthologist. Yet pathies are at once advanced and catholic. It
the ultimate garland of the more spendthrift singer may
is not often that a collection of essays reprinted
prove to be not less in quantity, as it will certainly not from contemporary magazines will be found to
rank lower in beauty of its own noble order.”
offer such satisfying mental pabulum.
In our present mood we should not hesitate to
F. B. R. HELLEMS.
say that Mr. Swinburne will rank higher than
his fellow-singer of the brotherhood, but the
conservatism of the quoted verdict may be
sounder, as it is certainly safer.
CANADA AND THE THIRTEEN COLONIES.*
The other sections we must regretfully leave
In the preface to his latest book, Professor
undiscussed. “Recent Shakespeare Criticism”
Justin H. Smith refers to a criticism brought
and “ Living Irish Literature” will particularly against his “ Troubadours at Home,” that he
repay careful reading. “ Colour and Imagery had taken pains to be “ interesting," and to his
in Spenser” is by no means on a level with the
own defence, that certain phases of his subject
Nor is 66 Literary Fame: A
were essentially of such a nature that no account
Renaissance Note” quite worthy of its best com-
of them could be lifelike that is to say, true
panions because of a little suggestion of “the
- if it were not interesting. He anticipates a
thesis factory,” albeit we should immediately add
that the factory is of an exceptionally high type and repeats his former defence. “But,” he adds,
similar charge in the case of his present book,
Professor Elton's style answers to the de-
“ the intention has been to keep the requirements
mands we have a right to make upon an able
critic who occupies an important chair of
of critical investigation steadily in mind, and
English Literature. He never fails to write accept literary elements only for their sound
clearly; he is not afraid to write finely. Rarely
*OUR STRUGGLE FOR THE FOURTEENTH COLONY:
and the American Revolution. By Justin H. Smith. In two
is there
any noticeable infelicity ; but inasmuch
volumes. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
other papers.
Canada


210
[April 1,
THE DIAL
;
historical worth.” Until one has read his book the most exacting critic could demand. It is
that is, the book now under consideration only where the documents were not available
this use of the word “ interesting ” is puzzling. where they had been lost, or had never existed
Thereafter, its application may be seen, but the that he (one cannot but think unadvisedly) fell
term remains somewhat misleading. Surely no back upon his imagination, and created scenes,
reviewer could wish the presentation of history incidents, or statements which might have hap-
to be anything but “interesting”? The point pened, but which there is no sufficient evidence
to which criticism was presumably directed in to prove did happen. One need not go beyond
the “ Troubadours at Home,” and to which it is the first few pages to find a case in point. The
more definitely applicable in “Our Struggle for scene is the historic meeting in Faneuil Hall in
the Fourteenth Colony," is not the fact that Dr. February, 1775. The historian admits that “if
Smith's treatment of his subjects has been made any records of the session were kept, they have
interesting, but rather the means by which that disappeared," but this does not prevent him
attractive quality was sought.
from reconstructing the scene, most vividly and
It is open to grave question if the “ literary effectively. Each of the patriots is described
elements” invoked by Dr. Smith in the present with minute care -- his character, appearance,
instance are always marked by “sound histor- the very clothes he wore; eloquent speeches are
ical worth.” Even the undeniable charm of put into the mouths of these fathers of the
Parkman cannot blind us to the fact that occa Revolution, speeches built up from their re-
sionally his desire for a picturesque or effective corded utterances on other occasions; and we
background clashed with his stern devotion are even told, with dramatic impressiveness,
to historic truth. And where Parkman has how each speech was received by the little
stumbled, others are likely to fall. In his audience. “ Warming as he developed his
laudable effort to reconstruct an exceedingly ideas," says this daring historian, " Warren
interesting period of Colonial history, Dr. Smith glowed before he was through like a coal from
has made large and constant demands upon his the altar ; and the slender company thrilled
imagination ; so much so that some of his chap- profoundly with that sense of majesty and awful
ters run perilously into the dangerous border- earnestness which never failed to make the
land between history and fiction, if they do assembly shiver,” and so on. Then Adams
not actually enter the territory of the latter. spoke : “ We are to be a nation and a great one.
History is written nowadays for two fairly To be prosperous we must have an extensive
distinct classes - the general reader and the trade. This will require a respectable navy.
student. The man capable of satisfying both Our ships must be manned, and the source of
is a rare genius, born to the purple. The seamen is the fishery. Nova Scotia and Canada
average historian who attempts to fill the double would be a great and permanent protection to
rôle, is doomed to failure. If content with the the fishery. And further, the possession of
modest appreciation of students, he will build these territories would prevent any view of
upon facts and facts alone, though there is no Britain to disturb our peace in the future and
reason why his building should not be attract cut off an important source of corrupt British
ive and interesting." On the other hand, if influence.” From a foot-note we learn that
he aspires to the loud applause of the multi “though this letter (the speech in Faneuil Hall
tude, he is free to imagine his facts and build in 1775 is borrowed
upon that airy foundation a glittering palace of letter of Adams to Cooper, dated April 29th,
words.
1779) was written later, it seems highly prob-
One must hasten to say that Dr. Smith can able ... that it represents his views in 1775."
not be classed, except to a limited extent, with The italics are the reviewer's. Dr. Smith even
the latter group of writers. In the main his admits that “a few slight changes have been
work reveals the most painstaking study of made," — in adapting the letter to the scenic
original documents. It is, in all seriousness, a requirements of Faneuil Hall. Now all this is
monument of patient research, and unquestion- very entertaining, and altogether calculated to
ably throws a great deal of new light upon the stir the heart of the patriotic citizen, - but is
history of the attempt to win Canada to the it history?
cause of the Thirteen Colonies. Where material Again one must say, in justice to Dr. Smith,
was available in any form, Dr. Smith has spared that this highly imaginative style of narrative
no possible pains to get at it; and, with few does not mark all the chapters of his book. The
exceptions, his interpretation has been all that I greater part of the second volume is sane history,
shall we say
from a


1908.]
211
THE DIAL
upon un-
clearly and logically presented. One may
not
years past, Dr. William Anderson's 66
Catalogue
always agree with the author's conclusions, but of the Japanese and Chinese Paintings in the
one can always respect them as founded
British Museum,” now long out of print and so
questioned documentary evidence. A little more scarce as to be hardly obtainable. Some store
reticence in the early chapters might perhaps of knowledge is yielded by such books as
have shorn the book of some of its picturesque Monsieur Bertin's “ Les Grandes Guerres
ness, but would unquestionably have given it a Civiles du Japon,” Huish's “ Japan and its
more secure place in the literature of American Art," and the “ Catalogue of the Tomkinson
history.
Collection," but they, too, are scarce, and the
It remains to note the excellent make-up of legendary lore they contain, though consider-
the book, with its more than three hundred able, comprises only a small fraction of the
admirably-selected illustrations and numerous whole body.
maps, and its exhaustive index — not the least Very welcome, therefore, is the stout volume
of its many good qualities.
entitled “Legend in Japanese Art,” in which
LAWRENCE J. BURPEE.
Mr. Henri L. Joly has assembled a mass of
legends, folk-tales, myths, proverbs, descrip-
tions of religious symbols and of historical and
fabulous personages and incidents, that far
MYTH AND LEGEND IN JAPANESE ART.*
transcends anything heretofore available for
reference. The book is the work of a collector
From whatever point of view Japanese works who for many years has noted all the information
of art may be regarded, it is apparent upon even he could gather concerning the objects in his
slight acquaintance that for full understanding
own collection or those coming under his obser-
some knowledge of their subjects is requisite. vation. In making the compilation, Japanese
Not that this is necessary for appreciation of illustrated books have been freely drawn upon,
their beauty and artistic merit. These qualities, and from them the author has obtained much
it cannot too often be pointed out, have nothing material not previously printed in any European
to do with the subjects as such, but with the
language. The result is a quarto of more than,
treatment. They depend not upon whether the
450 pages arranged upon the plan of an ency-
artist has chosen to depict one theme rather clopedia, mainly under Japanese name headings,
than another, but upon such considerations as
and containing over seven hundred half-tone
space arrangement, the placing of the light and illustrations and sixteen full-page process repro-
dark masses, the blending of all the various ductions of color prints.
details of composition, drawing, and color, into To the collector it is a book that cannot fail
an organic and harmonic whole. But who, after
to prove indispensable. In the main it is
having lingered lovingly over a charming net-
accurate, the errors being few and of minor
suke or sword guard, or having had his soul importance. The erratic spelling of Japanese
stirred by the exquisite beauty of a color print words is, however, greatly to be regretted, since
or of a kakemono painted by a great master, the forms used in a work of this kind are
does not wish to know something about its sub- peculiarly liable to be copied by other writers.
ject? And this desire is heightened when it is
No definite system of phonetic transliteration
perceived that these works are built upon a has been followed. Any pretense to complete-
wide range of poetic conceptions, a world of
ness is frankly disclaimed by the author. There
historic and legendary incident, little explored are, indeed, some notable omissions,
as yet by Western students.
instance the story of the mendicant priest
Hitherto the inquirer who has striven to pene- Seigen, and that of Ushiwaka and the Princess
trate into this fascinating realm has had to seek Jorurihime, so often utilized by the print de-
information in all sorts of out-of-the-way places, signers. And there is occasional mention of
sometimes having his patience rewarded, but things that are left without explanation. More
more often failing in his quest. For those
For those than once there is reference to the Ushi toki
unable to read Japanese books the principal mairi (more properly, Ushi no toki mairi) or
treasury upon which they could draw has been
o envoûtement at the hour of the ox,” but
that vade mecum of every collector for twenty strangely enough no account is given of this
LEGEND IN JAPANESE ART: A Description of Historical interesting superstitious rite or incantation not
Episodes, Legendary Characters, Folk-Lore, Myths, Religious infrequently practiced by the Japanese in olden
Symbolism, Illustrated in the Arts of Old Japan. By Henri L.
Joly. Illustrated. New York: John Lane Company.
times in the hope of casting a spell upon an
-
as for


212
[April 1,
THE DIAL
ences.
enemy or rival. The most serious shortcoming
SIGNS OF RELIGIOUS UNREST.*
is the lack of a full index with ample cross refer-
The alphabetical arrangement, and the The historian of the future, discussing civi-
long list of emblems and attributes with which lized man of the twentieth century, will certainly
the book opens, though designed to obviate the record this period as one of transition. Whether
need for this, accomplish the purpose insuffi we think of matters sociological or psychological,
ciently, as the reader soon discovers.
whether of the structure of society or the less
For the student of folk lore the book also tangible but no less important fabrics of the
offers much of interest. Many of the tales are mind, no matter what we hope or wish, we can
highly entertaining. We read, for example, of rest assured of one thing -- that there will be
Genshiki, one of the “Seven Worthies of the change. To those who love the old and fear
Bamboo Grove," who could turn the white of the new, it often seems as if the end were near.
his
eyes
to those he hated and the blue to those Even the ardent radical cannot resist an occa-
he loved, and who “ boated up the Milky Way sional sigh of regret, as the old landmarks, so
up to the haunts of the Spinning Maiden, familiar and once so well-beloved, slowly dis-
daughter of the Sun. The sages were indeed a appear. In religion, it is perhaps true that the
marvellous lot of beings. The story of the majority of the old school do not see the advanc-
famous journey of Chang K’ien, which is related ing tide. Religious faiths have always been
by Mr. Joly, may be quoted here as furnishing attacked by the enemies of God; is He not
a curious analogue of that just mentioned.
still able to defend them? The point over-
Chang K'ien travelled for seven days and nights up
looked is, that the so-called enemies are them-
the yellow river discovering vine trees, and meeting all selves representatives of the Almighty, and have,
the animals of Chinese Mythology: the huge tortoises, the if they tell the truth, the latest advices from
tiger, seven feet long and a thousand years old, quite
that quarter.
white, the blue storks, sacred attendants of Seiobo,
the Kwei or cassia tree of immortality, ten thousand
That interest in'religion itself has not departed,
feet high, the flaming fruits of which are more powerful the vast flood of literature on that topic suffi-
than the peaches of Seiobo, conferring everlasting life ciently proves. These books are not written,
to whoever eats them; he saw the hare which lives in
printed, and bound, merely to ornament the
the moon, and the old man who binds lovers' feet;
shelves of booksellers.
finally on the seventh night he noticed that there were
Readers they must
no stars reflected in the waters. The following morning,
have, eager, numerous, perhaps not over-
near the sources he saw a woman dressed in silver cloth discriminating readers ; for, to tell the truth,
on which were embroidered figures of stars, and who many of the books are poor things. It is at
was weaving the net of the Zodiac. He enquired what
first difficult to understand why the religious
was her name and what was that place, but she only
showed him her radiant shuttle, telling him to refer
public seem to prefer an infinite variety of
the matter to the astrologer on his return. This works of mediocre quality to a few of real
worthy told him that no doubt he had been as far excellence ; but perhaps it merely indicates a
as the star Chih Nu, the spinning maiden who, on the variety of tastes, and a desire to view matters
seventh night of the seventh month is allowed to cross
over the milky way, to meet her lover, K’ien Niu, pass-
from several different angles, — and these, so
ing over a bridge of magpies (some others say of red
far, are good signs. The authorship of the
maple leaves), and that in fact referring to his observa works is also significant. In these days of
tions, he had at that very same date noted a shooting commercialism, we expect to see everything
star passing near Chih Nu. He had therefore travelled
produced with an eye on the market-place ; but
the whole length of the yellow river as far as the
Milky way, which continues it into heaven, as decreed
it must be said for our religious writers, from
by Nu Kwa.”
the wisest to the most absurd, that they are as
Naturally, in a book composed of many
a class obviously altruistic, bent upon flinging
detached items some are treated with much their message to a needy world. So much good-
greater fulness than others. The abundant will cannot go for naught.
illustrations, chiefly of netsuke, sword guards,
Three diverse works, now before us, have
inro, and ivories, will be highly appreciated by prompted these remarks. Dr. Crapsey, whose
all who have occasion to consult this very useful point of view is not unknown to the public,
book, but it is a pity that so many of the colored
describes the fall of the dogmatic system and
THE RE-BIRTH OF RELIGION. By Algernon Sidney Crapsey.
unimportant prints by Kuniyoshi when works
THE CHRIST THAT IS TO BE. By the author of "Pro Christo
by much greater artists were available.
et Ecclesia." New York: The Macmillan Co.
WHAT IS RELIGION ? By Wilhelm Bousset. Translated by
FREDERICK W. GOOKIN.
F. B. Low. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
plates should be given over to reproductions of -
New York: John Lane Company.


1908.]
213
THE DIAL
the re-birth of religion in a freer age, under the know that at the beginning and at the end of every
guidance of the intellect. This is his theology:
known sequence of fact or thought lies the unknown.
“God is to us the sum of the forces of the universe;
Different epochs produce different theories with regard
to men of old he came now and then, he is with us all
to the borderlands of knowledge; farther off there is
the time. He is the ceaseless energy from whom all
not even theory to support thought. It is only those
who lack the power to learn from history who think
things proceed; he makes the outgoings of the morning
that the tendency of thought for one age, although
and evening to praise him; he sorrows over withered
grass and notes the fall of the sparrow; he regards the
pointing for some time in one direction, necessarily
complaint of the poor and his eyelids try the children
points to finality. Our progress is rather to be observed
of men; to know him is eternal life, and to serve him
in the ceaseless shifting of opposing races and schools.
perfect freedom. ... Man can become man only by
The progress of our knowledge is like an apocalyptic
making himself one with God. And it is in the strength
vision; always, everywhere, we have doctrine warring
of his divinity that the man of the human ideal and the
against doctrine and theory against theory, men's hearts
man of the social order is to preach his Gospel to all
failing them because the very foundations of their
peoples and bring all nations into the obedience of the
thought are shaken. In the gloom of each conflict, to
Faith.”
some God seems gone from heaven; the periodic pulse
of things, by which order is held out of chaos, beats
In another place we find this :
low, and parts of knowledge that seemed as steadfast as
“Not only do we have in the new dogmatic the friend the stars in the firmament are lost. That which emerges
God of Abraham, and the righteous God of Isaiah, and out of the din and darkness is the wiser man, not with
the Father God of Jesus; but we have also the Infinite higher powers but with wider opportunity. He knows
God of Copernicus and Bruno, the law-making God of that if he goes backward he fails. He must press for-
Kepler and Newton, and the working God of Darwin.... ward; yet, as he goes, something in the creeds that he
The God of Darwin . . . is the God who does things, thinks to be dead rises and meets him after many days,
the God who experiments, who is not afraid to soil his like a child advancing from the dawn of the morning'
hands in the clay.”
(pp. 195-196).
Various elements of the old dogma, such as those Professer Bousset, of the University of
of exclusive salvation and of hell, are not merely Göttingen, has much in common with the writer
discarded, but are vigorously condemned as of “ The Christ That is to Be.” He also would
immoral. The author is as sure of his ground test modern Christianity by the teachings of
as he is earnest and courageous, and we cannot Jesus, and would ally himself with the com-
otherwise than wish him well; but at several munities which hold the thread of Christian
points we find ourselves asking whether we are tradition. At the same time, he does not shrink
not escaping from one crassness to fall into from the consequences of modern thought.
another." The Catholics, with all their faults, Thus, he says:
have a certain justification for their institution “We no longer hold the belief that Jesus was abso-
of the confessional. Our God, if he is truly lutely different from ourselves He heaven-born, we
earth-born. Rather, we say that His figure is the
ours, must of necessity stand for something else
noblest and the most perfect that has been granted to
than the noise and flurry of the outside world.
humanity on its long journey from the lower stage to
In a philosophical sense,
he
may be everywhere; the higher. He is the goal of our existence, the leader
but for practical purposes he comes in through of our life, to whom no other leader is comparable”
a small door in our most private room, and we
(p. 279).
T. D. A. COCKERELL.
see him alone.
6. The Christ That is to Be" is an attempt to
formulate the real gospel of Jesus, and to con-
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
sider how it may be applied to the modern
world. The author's sympathies are largely
Going for his title to old John Gower
with the past, and at the same time his keen
diversions in and Sir Thomas Browne, the anony-
essay-writing.
mous author of “Confessio Medici
interest is in developing for the future such
fruits of the past travail of mankind as may medico-philosophical essays that are as bright and
(Macmillan) has put together a little volume of
prove most useful. He would not break with
good in their way as the spare-hour diversions of
the Church, for that has held the thread of
that famous Edinburgh author-physician whose pub-
Christian thought along the ages; but he would lished correspondence has recently revived his mem-
see the Church develop in the spirit of Jesus to ory, or even as the genial talk “ over the tea-cups
meet new needs. Perhaps the following pas of another doctor-essayist and poet still nearer and
sage is as eloquent of the writer's attitude as dearer to our hearts. But this other book-writing
anything in the book :
healer of the sick refuses to take himself in the least
“We have certainly made progress in knowledge. seriously as a man of letters; he will not even let
Everyone who believes that good lies at the heart of
us know his name or anything about him, except
things must believe that this progress is real and, even that he is a practicer of medicine and the author of
if chequered, will be continuous. At the same time we an earlier volume, “The Young People.” To the
A doctor's


214
[April 1,
THE DIAL
66
earnest doctor anything like pride of authorship is in it some of her own later studies made while com-
a mere superfluity of vanity. “The problem of
“ The problem of pleting a monograph on the group for the Carnegie
lives exalted, or sunk, or messed away, knocks at Institution of Washington. The book is replete with
his heart. Let other young men write lurid little information concerning the mosquitoes of the United
books, and tear the veil from the obvious, and be States, especially those of New York, New Jersey,
proud of that achievement: what are they to him, and Louisiana. The anatomy of the adults, larvæ,
who entertains daily, as a matter of course, both and pupæ is described, and an illuminating account
Hell and Heaven?” In reading these richly sug of their habits, flight, and breeding-places is given
gestive essays on
Vocation,” Hospital Life," in detail. The relation of mosquitoes to malaria,
“ The Discipline of Practice,” “The Spirit of yellow fever, elephantiasis, and other diseases, is
Practice," " Retirement," etc., one is again incident treated in a popular way, and a description of the
ally reminded of the great and increasing vogue, means of control of these pests is supplemented with
among those of psychological or philosophical bent, an account of their principal enemies. The most
of that former professor of psychology and present original material in the book is to be found in the
teacher of pragmatism, Dr. William James. The notes on the common species of this country, which
author of “Confessio Medici” is evidently one of constitute a considerable portion of the book, and
his most appreciative readers : he calls him “the are amply illustrated. There is an excellent chapter
wisest of her [i.e. psychology's] servants," and likens on laboratory methods, which will be useful to
him to Socrates for simplicity of style. One piece teachers of nature-study classes ; while the keys for
of excellent advice that the essayist gives to young
the identification of adults, eggs, larvæ, and
pupæ
practitioners is a little hard to follow: he
urges
them will be of service to all who study mosquitoes. The
to add to their professional equipment, at the out drawings would have been more useful if magnifica-
set, a serious illness or surgical operation, or both, tions had been given, and more acceptable from a
that they may the more sympathetically treat their technical point of view if more contrast had been
future patients. One cannot at will develop a employed, and if the direction of lighting had been
malignant tumor or other life-threatening excres consistently used, at least in contiguous drawings.
cence; but how would it do for every medical
student, just before getting his diploma, to go to the
Almost immediately upon the death
The new view of
hospital and be de-appendicized ? The operation is
the personality
of Wordsworth, in 1850, biographers
of Wordsworth. set themselves at work to give some
now fairly safe, and the vermiform appendix would
certainly never be missed. Every page of the book,
account of his life and personality. They strolled
let us say in conclusion, is good reading, whether
through the Lake Country and collected a large
the reader be doctor or patient, or neither. The
amount of anecdotes and traditions from those who
writer's style will delight the connoisseur. We can-
remembered him, especially from his neighbors
not refrain from giving a random illustrative frag-
among the yeomen and peasants. To them Words-
ment out of the essay on “Hospital Life.” The
worth had seemed a queer, uncanny, half-daft old
London hospitals, declares the author, “ought to
man, who went muttering and “booing ” about the
work together, abandon competition, break their
country, reciting and composing verses that to them
distinctive idols, throw open their sacred groves,
were naturally unintelligible. A prosaic world,
and pool their patients. That would be a new ver-
being ever ready to depreciate what it does not
sion of the story of Bethesda : and the waters of
comprehend, accepted the rustic estimate, and
that pool would indeed be troubled."
created an image of a solitary, self-absorbed, rather
repellant personality, with affections so dormant as
The ubiquitous
The art of preventive medicine owes to be scarcely human. Even those who loved
and nefarious
much of its success in recent years Wordsworth’s verse felt some need to apologize for
Mosquito.
to the patient work of naturalists his unloveliness as a man. In the present genera-
who have unravelled the secrets of the habits and tion, however, a truer and saner way of reconstruct-
life-histories of those insects which have become ing Wordsworth's personality has been adopted.
notorious as transmitters of disease to mankind. Of Instead of inquiring of persons who knew only his
all the offenders of this ilk, none has more to account exterior, who were incapable of understanding his
for than the ubiquitous mosquito. His name, more real nature, his later biographers have searched
over, is legion; or, in more exact phrase, there are among family letters and the records of his more
nearly a hundred known species in the United cultured acquaintances and friends for contemporary
States which Miss Evelyn Groesbeeck Mitchell re evidence of that “best portion of a good man's life,
cords in her treatise on "Mosquito Life" (Putnam). his little, nameless, unremembered acts of kindness
This author's book is based upon the extensive and of love." Now, at last, we realize that
observations of the late Dr. J. W. Dupree, the Wordsworth was a man of a warm and affectionate
physician-naturalist of New Orleans. Miss Mitchell heart, the cordial host of an uncommonly hospitable
was engaged as artist-entomologist in making the home, the acknowledged centre of a devoted circle
illustrations for a work upon this subject which of friends, a gracious personality of whom we can
Dr. Dupree had in preparation at the time of his scarcely hear too much. One of the latest and best
death. She has completed the work, and included of this class of biographers is Mr. David Watson
-


1908.]
215
THE DIAL
The latest
word in
Botany.
of
Rannie, the author of "Wordsworth and his of its “labor-cost theory," as a possible point of
Circle” (Putnam). Delightful indeed is the com departure for Marxian socialism, it will be a mental
pany in which we here find ourselves, for this circle leap to Professor Small's contention that the famous
includes not only near neighbors of Wordsworth, work should be studied only in its correlation to
like Southey and Samuel Clarkson, but a long list sociology. Adam Smith's " Theory of Moral Sen-
of others like De Quincey, Scott, Coleridge, and timents," says Professor Small, is an attempt to state
Lamb, who for longer or shorter periods came to the life in large moral terms, from which “ The Wealth
region, drawn by the charm of Wordsworth's person of Nations” is merely a technological excursus. It
ality as well as of his poetry. Not the least original is a treatise entirely responsible to a moral philos-
and brilliant chapter of this book is the one devoted ophy which takes into account all human activities.
to Wordsworth's "Fellow-Workers in Romanticism" Adam Smith, however, in spite of his admirable
-Byron, Keats, and especially Shelley. The author concreteness, inconsistently used in his reasoning
takes “ Alastor” and the “Hymn to Intellectual both the inductive and deductive methods; and occa-
Beauty” and sets them by the side of “The sionally his conclusions were obscured. The result
Prelude” and “Tintern Abbey,” to prove that both was that his successors fell from his high level of
authors felt much the same need and supplied it in thought, where his broad vision comprehended the
much the same way.
Yet fancy the consternation relation between economic and sociological thinking,
of both, if either had been compared with the other and economics developed as a science of things
in his own lifetime!
independent of human relations. To repair this
Dr. C. C. Curtis, of Columbia Uni- presents his study in “Sociological Methodology,
divergence, as he believes it to be, Professor Small
versity, presents a pleasant summary
and analyzes in some detail“The Wealth of Nations,”
of modern botany, in his volume
showing where its author is strictly technological and
entitled “The Nature and Development of Plants”
where he touches upon “ the larger science of soci-
(Holt). For once, we have a book about science
ology.” With this new light turned on the subject,
and scientific research which is withal not a text-
old students of Adam Smith will find fresh food for
book, has no reference to laboratory or class-room, reflection, and those unacquainted with the great
but is simply a book to be read or consulted as occa-
scholar will be fortunate in approaching him through
sion or inclination may suggest. While the story is,
Professor Small's scholarly and philosophical intro-
course, in its broader outlines old and to some ex-
duction.
tent familiar, nevertheless we have on almost every
page sentences that represent the latest phases of
Richard Hooker Wilmer, Second
A Bishop of
theory and research. The first section of the vol-
Bishop of Alabama, occupied a
ume dealing with the nature of plants is in this
Confederacy. unique position in the American
regard especially to be commended. The author, Episcopate. He was the only Bishop consecrated
meanwhile avoiding the more technical sides of his in the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Confed-
subject, carries his argument forward in a style so erate States of America, which in the years
1861-5
clear and simple that the most inexperienced reader maintained an organization separate and distinct
may easily follow the fascinating story. In these from the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United
restless days, nearly every book of science is old States. Having followed the fortunes of the Southern
almost before it leaves the binder. Possibly antici-Confederacy, he and his clergy were, at the close of
pating such a possibility, our author presents some the Civil War, under General Orders No. 38, for-
conclusions which present knowledge does not en-
bidden by the Federal military authority to preach
tirely justify. For instance, few botanists would or perform divine service until they should " give
be inclined to rank transpiration as a leaf-function evidence of a patriotic spirit, by offering to resume
comparable to photosynthesis. Again, while bacteria the use of the prayer for the President of the United
are no doubt causally related to several forms of States and all in civil authority.” So he was "the
infectious disease, it is by no means equally certain man upon whom, in the providence of God, it de-
that certain other diseases, specifically small-pox and volved to make the fight in these United States for
hydrophobia, "are due to a low order of microscopic the independence and supremacy of the Church in
animal life.” The organism to be associated with things spiritual.” Hence the life of this man,
which
small-pox is yet to be discovered. The volume is closed June 14, 1900, in the eighty-fifth year of his
handsomely printed, and abounds in carefully-drawn age, is of far wider than diocesan interest. It is a
and in most cases original illustrations.
contribution to the history of the Church and of the
country. The Bishop will perhaps be best remem-
Adam Smith A new and illuminating view-point bered, among those who knew him, for his quickness
in the light
of modern
gives value to Professor Albion w. at repartee and his incisive humor
his “naturally
sociology. Small's treatise on “Adam Smith and destructive wit,” which, happily, he held under
Modern Sociology” (University of Chicago Press). restraint, and bent “not to self-pleasing, but to the
To those who have been accustomed to regard advancement of the cause of Christ.” These quali-
“The Wealth of Nations" as a brilliant if somewhat ties should serve to make his biography unusually
provincial study in pure economics, or, on account readable. Fortunately, the Reverend Walter C.
the Southern


216
[April 1,
THE DIAL
A storied
Whitaker was the man chosen to prepare it. Mr. opening buds and falling leaves and the interesting
Whitaker not only knew the Bishop well, and served shells of the lowest forms of life, and the story of a
under him for many years, but in a former literary piece of coal have no limitations of locality to
adventure, the “History of the Diocese of Alabama, circumscribe their interest. Even the beautifully
he proved his ability and his sense of proportion ; illustrated chapter giving the life-histories of various
and the result of his present undertaking, in an English butterflies, in word and picture, from the
octavo of 317 pages, is not only a strong portrait of egg to the adult, is not without value to those who
a strong character, but also a valuable contribution wish to follow in like sequence the history of our
to American biographies. (George W. Jacobs & Co.) American insects. The illustrations are in the main
of unusual excellence. The book closes with twelve
With its many colored plates from
Scottish river,
the paintings of Mary Y. and J.
finely executed half-tones showing the wax and wane
Young Hunter, adequately accom-
of the seasons in a typical English landscape.
panied by Mr. Neil Munro's descriptive text, “ The
Clyde: River and Firth” (Macmillan) is at once a
beautiful and a readable volume.
Mr. Munro pro-
tests strongly against the popular misconception of
BRIEFER MENTION.
the great Scottish river, which ignores all its claims
A little book of “ Selections from Chaucer," edited by
to romantic beauty and regards it as a mere“ drudge Dr. Edwin A. Greenlaw, is ineluded in the “ Lake
of commerce," the “scullery maid of Glasgow.” English Classics” of Messrs. Scott, Foresman & Co.
The Clyde, he explains, is like the Thames in being We are given the Prologue, four Tales, and a group of
not one river but three, mountain stream, turgid lyrics. There are also notes, glossary, and introduction.
river of commerce, and splendid island-dotted firth. The book is very well put together for its educational
It is manifestly unfair to disregard everything but purpose.
the “prosaic and squalid interlude” of mile-long
“A Hundred Great Poems," selected by Mr. Richard
docks and vast ship-yards, where all the navies of
James Cross, make up a neat little book published by
the world come and go. Even this part of the
Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. It would be rash to call these
Clyde is not without charm for Mr. Munro, though
the “greatest ” English poems, and some of them are
not « great” in any sense, but they are all good poetry,
he admits that the time to see it is at night. But
and that is as much as the purchaser of any book with
above Glasgow anyone must acknowledge the love-
such a title has a right to expect.
liness of the Lowland scenery; and the grandeur of “Heroines That Every Child Should Know" is a new
the Firth of Clyde is also beyond dispute. Like volume in the series that already includes many other
all the rest of Scotland, Clydesdale is rich in legend sorts of things that children should know (but generally
and ballad-lore, much of which Mr. Munro weaves do not), published by Messrs. Doubleday, Page & Co.
into his narrative. He is also enthusiastic over the It is prepared under the co-editorial supervision of Mr.
fishing afforded by the upper river-reaches and the
H. W. Mabie and Miss Kate Stephens. The heroines
yachting on the Firth, and is not above indicating range all the way from Alcestis to Florence Nightingale.
the sea-side villages with special attractions for the
The sonnets of Longfellow are presented by Messrs.
summer“ tripper.” There are also special chapters Houghton, Mifflin & Co. in a graceful little volume that
every lover of the poet will wish to possess. Mr. Ferris
on Glasgow, Lennox, and Greenock. The artists,
Greenslet is responsible for the arrangement and the
on the other hand, keep rather strictly to the river
introduction. Besides the regular edition, two hundred
and the firth, showing them, however, in many phases and seventy-five copies have been printed on handmade
of beauty and picturesque grandeur. Between pic paper, in the interests of the collector and those who
tures and text we are fully convinced that Mr. may care to give the volume a permanent binding for
Munro is not far wrong in calling the Clyde“ the
the library.
most astonishing, beautiful, and inspiring of Scottish
“ Minor Poems of Michael Drayton," chosen and
water-ways."
edited by Mr. Cyril Brett, and “Shakespeare's Sonnets
Charming
and A Lover's Complaint," with introduction by Mr.
A group of nearly a score of essays,
essays by
W. H. Hadow, are two new volumes in the “Tudor
an English
by Mr. John J. Ward, published and Stuart Library,” issued by Mr. Henry Frowde.
naturalist. originally in English periodicals, has
Accurately reproducing, as they do, the original texts,
been reprinted, with revised letter-press and addi the volumes of this series are almost indispensable to
tional illustrations, under the title “ Some Nature the literary scholar; while the lover of fine bookmaking
Biographies” (Lane). Although they deal with the cannot but delight in their beautiful external form.
observations and experiments of a naturalist in Under the editorship of Mr. Daniel O'Connor, a
English woods and fields, they are of interest to series of “Classiques Français Illustrés ” has been
American readers, not only because of the pains- inaugurated by Messrs. Bell & Sons (New York: Mac-
taking care with which the author has gathered his
millan). The first volume, containing George Sand's
facts and his illustrations, and the pleasing manner
“ Les Maîtres Sonneurs,” is provided with a preface by
M. d'Emile Faquet and numerous illustrations (both
in which he has related them, but also because of the
in color and black-and-white) by M. V. Wheelhouse.
fact that some of the chapters — for example, that The series should make a strong appeal to those who
on the life-study of the jelly-fish, the ones recording like their French texts in worthier and more substantial
the revelations which the microscope makes of form than the usual Paris editions.


1908.]
217
THE DIAL
one.
NOTES.
During the present year Messrs. Scribner's Sons will
publish a new single-volume “ Dictionary of the Bible,”
Miss Elisabeth McClellan, author of “ Historic Dress edited by Dr. James Hastings, whose five-volume dic-
in America” (1607-1800), is now engaged upon a tionary is recognized as the leading work of its kind.
second volume to be issued under the same title, which Every article has been specially written for this work,
will cover the period from 1800 to the present time. which is not in any sense an abridgement of the larger
A special souvenir edition of Maeterlinck's “Pelleas
The authors have been chosen with as much
and Melisande" is in preparation by Thomas Y. Crowell care as the authors of the large dictionary, and with
& Co. The book will be profusely illustrated with more experience; so that the average of scholarship will
scenes from Debussy's opera, and will contain a critical be, if anything, higher.
introduction by Mr. Montrose J. Moses.
Of foremost interest among the latest issues in Mr.
“The Comments of Bagshot,” by Mr. J. A. Spender, Henry Frowde’s excellent series of "World's Classics”
editor of the “ Westminster Gazette,” will be published is the volume of Cowper's letters, to which Mr. E. V.
in this country by Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. “Bag- Lucas contributes a pleasant introduction. Mr. Lucas
shot” is an amiable recluse in the English Civil Service also edits Jane Austen's “Emma"; and Mr. Austin
who comments genially on pretty nearly everything Dobson performs a similar office for Reynolds's “ Dis-
from riches and socialism to death and immortality. courses. Besides these, there are the fifth and sixth
“The Tempest” and “ As You Like It” are two vol volume of Edmund Burke's writings, completing the set;
umos in the “ Lamb Shakespeare for the Young," which
and the second volume of Browning's poems.
is a special section of the general “Shakespeare Library” The first volume of the new edition of the “ Dictionary
now appearing under the American imprint of Messrs. of National Biography" has just been published simul-
Duffield & Co. Lamb's prose, with bits of real Shake taneously in England and America (The Macmillan Co.
speare interspersed, is the plan of these charming little being the American publishers), and it is promised that
books.
a new volume will appear each month until the twenty-
The early publication of M. Gabriel Compayre's two volumes are out. The original edition was in sixty-
volume on Montaigne, by Messrs. Crowell & Co., will six volumes, and was published at more than three times
complete a series of notable volumes on pedagogy by the price of the present edition. Furthermore, the new
this famous French educator. The series is known as edition has been corrected and some of the bibliographies
« Pioneers in Education,” and includes volumes on have been revised, so that it is really preferable, both
J. J. Rousseau, Herbert Spencer, Pestalozzi, Herbart, on account of accuracy and the amount of shelf-room
and Horace Mann.
required, to the original issue.
« Popular Participation in Law Making," by Judge Two books announced for early spring publication by
Charles Sumner Lobingier, lately of the Nebraska Messrs. George W. Jacobs & Co. should be of especial
Supreme Court, and now United States Judge in the importance to the student of archæology and to the
Philippines, is announced by The Macmillan Co. In general reader interested in this subject. One is entitled
this book Judge Lobingier traces the growth of the “ Archäology and False Antiquities,” and recounts some
popular demand for opportunity to act directly in civic of the attempts made to palm off forged antiquities upon
affairs without intervention of delegates or middlemen. the unsuspecting relic hunter. The second book,“ Celtic
Two German texts published by Messrs. Henry Holt Art in Pagan and Christian Times,” deals with the vari-
& Co. are the following:
“ Das Fräulein von Scuderi," ous manifestations of the art of the Celt, as revealed
by E. T. A. Hoffmann, edited by Professor Gustav in architectural construction and applied design, before
Gruener; and “ Die beiden Freunde," a tale by Count the Anglo-Saxon set foot on British soil.
Helmuth von Moltke, edited by Dr. Karl Detlev Jessen. “ The Bibliophile” is the title of a new monthly
From Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co. we have Riehl's “ magazine and review for the collector, student, and
“ Burg Neidek,” edited by Professor J. B. E. Jones; general reader” just projected in London. A strong
and Heine's “Die Harzreise,” edited by Professor array of contributors is presented in the first number,
B. J. Vos.
including Mr. G. K. Chesterton, Mrs. Arthur Bell, and
The “Turk's Head Edition" of Oliver Goldsmith's Dr. A. W. Pollard; and there are numerous illustra-
works, which Messrs. Putnam's Sons will publish this tions, including several in color. It is a pity that this
Spring in ten octavo volumes, will present Goldsmith first number should be marred throughout by wretched
in complete and trustworthy text, based upon Peter proof-reading; as the class to which the magazine makes
Cunningham's edition. Mr. Horatio Sheafe Krans has its especial appeal is, or should be, the most exacting
provided a biographical and critical introduction, and on such points. But notwithstanding this defect, “ The
there will be eighty full-page illustrations in photo- Bibliophile" should have a cordial welcome from every
gravure from original designs by Mr. Frederick Simpson book-collector.
Coburn.
Edmondo de Amicis, who died last month at Bardig-
Almost simultaneously with the publication of the hera in Italy, was one of the most widely read among
English version of Carl Ewald's novel, “ The Old Room," Italian authors, both in and out of his own country.
comes the news of the death of the distinguished Danish His education was military, and his first book, published
author. Ewald is best known to American readers by in 1869, before he had retired from active service, was
“ Two Legs," one of a long series of whimsical fairy a volume of short stories of army life. The instant
tales, and “My Little Boy,” a perfect idyl of childhood, success achieved by these sketches seemed to warrant
full of subtle psychology and mystical charm. In his the gratification of the young author's taste for litera-
own land Ewald's work has long been thoroughly appre ture and for travel. He journeyed to many lands and
ciated, and it is well known in other countries of Europe, recorded his impressions so charmingly, — with the
America having been rather behind hand in recogniziug same delicate understanding and quick sympathy that
his delightful originality.
had distinguished his first effort, that his travel


218
(April 1,
THE DIAL
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF SPRING BOOKS.
The titles contained in the following list were received
too late for inclusion in our regular Spring Announce-
ment Number of March 16.
sketches speedily became text-books in many
different
languages. Half a dozen stories, also, followed his
first, and were very popular. His later years have been
given over to the study of educational and economic
questions, and his recent works indicate a decided lean-
ing towards socialism.
The only Spring publication from Messrs. Houghton,
Mifflin & Co.'s department of Riverside Press Editions
will be a “ Bibliography of Ralph Waldo Emerson,” by
Mr. George Willis Cooke. The Press now has in hand
two large undertakings: an augmented English edition
of Bernard's Life of the great Renaissance designer and
printer, Geofroy Tory, elaborately and profusely illus-
trated; and a sumptuous folio edition of Dante's “ Divina
Commedia,” to contain both the complete Italian text
and Professor Charles Eliot Norton's prose translation,
and to be embellished with drawings from the rare
designs of Botticelli. The “Geofroy Tory” will be
published in the Autumn of 1908, and one or two other
small books of interest may be expected about the same
time. It is hoped that the Dante will be ready for pub-
lication in 1910.
Announcement of what Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin &
Co. characterize as their most important publication in
several years has just been made. This is a large-paper
edition, in twenty-five volumes, of the complete writings
of George Eliot, prepared upon a new plan with many
unique features. “The underlying principle is that the
reader's enjoyment will be increased a hundredfold if
he knows the author intimately. The edition therefore
will be fully equipped with the material necessary to
such an acquaintance. All of the author's earlier books
were based to a large extent upon real scenes and char-
acters, but the facts have not been generally known.
By sending a special representative to visit these scenes
and make personal investigations, a large amount of new
and interesting information has been obtained, resulting
in a collection of photographs of the scenes that were
in the author's mind when she wrote these novels. It
was learned that many of the characters were taken
from life, and portraits of many of these persons were
obtained All these photographs are made valuable to
the reader by a series of explanatory notes on the illus-
trations. The edition will contain the best collection of
portraits of George Eliot ever brought together. There
will be also two interesting portraits of Mr. Lewes, and
photographs of the birthplace of George Eliot, Griff
House where she spent her girlhood, the various schools
which she attended, and the different homes of her later
life. In the volumes where the author does not write
of real scenes the illustrations are by distinguished
English artists, including Mr. Charles E. Brock, Mr.
Fred Pegram, Mr. H. M. Paget, Mr. A. S. Hartrick, and
Mr. Ambrose Dudley, besides reproductions of some
charming water-colors by Mrs. Patty Townsend Johnson,
who was living in the George Eliot country at the time
the novels first appeared. Introductions have been
prepared for all the different novels setting forth in
detail the circumstances under which they were written
and all the information which the reader should have to
appreciate fully their purpose. Mr. Cross's biography,
made up very largely from the author's own journals
and letters, will be included to give the reader a still
more intimate acquaintance. One entire volume of the
edition will be devoted to material written by George
Eliot but never before published in a collected edition.
The text will be printed from plates especially made for
this edition from entirely new type.”
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
A Princess of Intrigue, Madame de Longueville and her Times,
by H. Noel Williams, 2 vols., illus., $6.50 net. - The Life of
Goethe, by Albert Bielschowsky, trans. by William A.Cooper,
Vol. III., illus., $3.50 net. - Memoir Series, new volg.: George
Villiers, First Duke of Buckingham, by Philip Gibbs, illus.;
A Star of the Salons, Julie de Lespinasse, by Camilla Jebb,
illus. ; each $3.50 net. - The Boyhood and Youth of Goethe,
comprising the first eleven books of his Autobiography,
2 vols., $2.50.- Heroes of the Nations, new vol.; Charles the
Bold, Duke of Burgundy, by Ruth Putnam, illus., $1.35 net.
(G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
Letters and Literary Memorials of Samuel J. Tilden, edited by
John Bigelow, 2 vols., $8. net. (Harper & Brothers.)
Nelson's Lady Hamilton, by E. H. Moorhouse, illus., $3. net.
(Brentano's.)
HISTORY
New York of Yesterday, by Hopper Striker Mott, illus., $10.net.
- Letters of Cortes to the Emperor Charles V., translated
and edited by Francis Augustus McNutt, limited edition,
2 vols., illus., $10. net. - The Palaces of Crete and their
Builders, by Angelo Mosso, illus., $5.25 net. - South America
on the Eve of Emancipation, by Bernard Moses. - The
Romance of History Series, first vol.: Elizabeth and Philip.
or the whole story of the Spanish Armada, by Martin Hume,
illus., $4. net. - The Journal of the Constitutional Conven-
tion of 1787, by James Madison, edited by Gaillard Hunt, $3.
net. - Mirabeau and French Revolution, by Fred Morrow
Fling, in 3 parts; Part I., The Youth of Mirabeau, illus. -
The Story of the Nations series, new vol.: The Roman
Empire, by H. Stuart Jones, illus., $1.35 net. - -Rhode Island,
its making and its meaning, by Irving Berdine Richman,
new edition in 1 vol., with map, $2.50 net. (G. P. Putnam's
Famous French Salons, by Frank Hamil, illus., $3.50 net.
(Brentano's.)
Motley's Dutch Nation, edited by William Elliot Griffis, illus.,
$1.75.- A Short History of Our Own Times, by Justin
McCarthy, revised edition, $1.50 net. (Harper & Brothers.)
GENERAL LITERATURE.
The Cambridge History of English Literature, edited by A. W.
Ward and A. R. Waller, Vol. II., To the End of the Middle
Ages, $2.50. — Popular Tales from the Norse, by George Webb
Dasent, $2.50 net. -The World's Orators, edited by Guy Carle
ton Lee, 10 vols.; each, with frontispiece, $1.50.-Four Victo-
rian Poets, by Stopford A. Brooke, $2.net. --Shelburne Essays,
fifth series, by Paul Elmer More, $1.25 net. - The Twentieth
Century American, by H. Perry Robinson. - The Writings
of James Madison, edited by Gaillard Hunt, Vol. VIII., to
subscribers for the set, $5. net.— The Writings of Samuel
Adams, edited by Harry Alonzo Cushing, Vol. IV., to sub-
scribers for the set, $5. net. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
The Standard of Usage in English, by Thomas R. Lounsbury,
$1.50 net. (Harper & Brothers.)
Things Worth While, by Thomas Wentworth Higginson, 50 cts.
net. - - The New Humanism, by Edward Howard Griggs, new
edition, $1.50 net. (B. W. Huebsch.)
Drama and Life, by A. B. Walkley, $1.75 net. (Brentano's.)
BOOKS OF VERSE.
The Duke of Gandia, by Algernon Charles Swinburne, $1.25 net.
(Harper & Brothers.)
Songs After Work, by Louis J. Magee, $2. net. - Narcissus and
other poems, by Grace Denio Litchfield, $1. net. – An Earth
Poem and other poems, by Gerda Dalliba, with introduction
by Edwin Markham, $2. net. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
The Jesters, by Miguel Zamacois, $1. net. - The Book of
Georgian Verse, edited by William Stanley Braithwaite, $2.
net. (Brentano's.)
FICTION
Fennel and Rue, by William Dean Howells, illus., $1.50.-Santa
Lucia, by Mary Austin, $1.50. — Seraphica, by Justin H.
McCarthy, $1.50.- The Barrier, by Rex Beach, illus., $1.50.-
The Golden Ladder, by Margaret Potter, $1.50.- The Judg.
ment of Eve, by May Sinclair, illus., $1.25. — Bertrand of
Brittany, by Warwick Deeping, $1.50. - The Greater Mis-
chief, by Margaret Westrup, $1.50.- King Spruce, by Holman
F. Day, illus., in tint, $1.50.- Purple and Homespun, by
S. M. Gardenshire, $1.50. — The Cat and the Canary, by
Margaret Cameron Lewis, illus., $1. (Harper & Brothers.)


1908.]
219
THE DIAL
MISCELLANEOUS.
Addresses and Speeches of Charles Evans Hughes, with intro-
duction by Jacob Gould Schurman, with portrait. – Enter-
prise and the Productive Process, by Frederick Barnard
Hawley, $1.75 net. - Money Hunger, by Henry A. Wise
Wood, $1. net.- The Elimination of the Tramp, by Edmond
Kelly, $1. net. - The World's Peoples, by A. H. Keane,
illus., $2. net. - Shakespeare's Proverbs, collected by Mary
Cowden-Clarke and edited by William J. Rolfe, with frontis-
piece. – A Manual of Cheirosophy, by Edward Heron-Allen,
new edition, $1.75. - Home Maker Series, new vol. : How to
Cook Fish, by Olive Green, 90 cts, net. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
Hypnotic Therapeutics, by John D. Quackenbos, $2.net.
(Harper & Brothers.)
Granger's Skat and how to play it, $1. net. – Foster's Bridge
Manual, $1.25. (Brentano's.)
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
April, 1908.
Princess Nadine, by Christian Reid, with frontispiece in color,
$1.50. - The Island Pharisees, by John Galsworthy, revised
edition, $1.50. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
Broken Off, by Mrs. Baillie Reynolds, $1.50. — Adam's Clay, by
Cosmo Hamilton. (Brentano's.)
June Jeopardy, by Inez Haynes Gilmore, $1.25. (B. W. Huebsch.)
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
Through Italy with Car and Camera, by Dan Fellows Platt,
illas., $5. net. - Wanderings in Ireland, by Michael Myers
Shoemaker, illus., $2.50 net. - Inscriptions of the Nile Mon-
uments, a book of reference for tourists, by Garrett C. Pier,
illus.
. - Motor Days in England, by John M. Dillon, illus.
(G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
ART.
A History of English Furniture, by Percy Macquoid, in 4 vols.:
Vol. III., The Age of Mabogany; Vol. IV., The Composite
Age; each illus., per vol., $15. net. - Connoisseur's Library,
new vols.: Seals, by Walter de Gray Birch; Jewellery, by
H. Clifford Smith; each, illus., $7.50 net. - Renaissance
Masters, by George B. Rose, third edition. $1.25 net. (G. P.
Putnam's Sons.)
Classics in Art, new vol.: The Work of Raffael, with introduc-
tion by Adolf Rosenberg, illus., $2.50 net. (Brentano's.)
NATURE AND SCIENCE.
Alpine Flora of the Canadian Rocky Mountains, by Stewardson
Brown, illus. in color by Mrs. Charles Schäffer, $3. net. –
The Sporting Rifle, by Walter Winans, illus., $5. net. - The
Way of the Woods, a manual for sportsmen, by Edward
Breck. illus., $2. net. - The Naturalization of the Super-
natural, by Frank Podmore, illus. - The Muscles of the Eye,
by Lucien Howe, 2 vols., illus., per vol., $4.25 net. - The
Pathology of the Eye, by J. Herbert Parsons, Vol. IV.,
General Pathology, illus., $3.50 net. - The Prolongation of
Life, by Elie Metchnikoff, illus., $2.50 net. - The Science
Series, new vols.; The Solar System, by Charles Lane Poor;
Heredity, by J. Arthur Thompson; Climate, by Robert De-
Courcy Ward ; Age, Growth, and Death, by Charles 8. Minot;
The Invisible Spectrum, by C. E. Mendenhall; The Physi-
ology and Hygiene of Exercise, by G. L. Meylan. - Mosquito
Life, by Evelyn Groesbeeck Mitchell, illus., $2. net. (G. P.
Putnam's Sons.)
Worlds in the Making, by Svante Arrhenius, trans. by H. Borns,
illus., $1.60 net. - Astronomy with the Naked Eye, by Garrett
P. Serviss, with charts in color, $1.40 net. (Harper &
Brothers.)
RELIGION.
The Sphere of Religion, by Frank Sargent Hoffman, $1.75 net.
Thinking, Feeling, Doing, by E. W. Scripture, revised edition,
illus., $1.75 net. — American Lectures on the History of
Religions, Vol. VII., The Religion of the Veda, by Maurice
Bloomfield, $1.50 net. - The Philosophy of the Spirit, by
Horatio W. Dresser. - Christian Science, the faith and its
founder, by Lyman P. Powell, $1.25 net, -Crown Theological
Library, new vols.: The Sayings of Jesus, by Adolf Harnack;
The Programme of Modernism, a reply to the Encyclical of
Pius X., with introduction by A. Leslie Lilley; Paul the
Mystic, by James M. Campbell; Acts of the Apostles, by
Adolf Harnack.-Theological Translation Library, new vol.:
Outlines of Church History, by Hans Von Schubert, $3. net.
(G. P. Putnam's Song.)
The Religion of a Democrat, by Charles Zueblin, $1. net. (B. W.
Huebsch.)
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
The Writings of Charles Dickens, 20 vols., leather, per set, $30.-
Boswell's Life of Johnson, edited by Roger Ingpen, 2 vols.,
illus. in photogravure, etc., $6. net. (Brentano's.).
Molière's Plays, trans. by Curtis Hidden Page, 2 vols., each, with
frontispiece, $2. net. - Les Classiques Français, new vols.:
Oraisons Funèbres, par Bossuet; Fables Choisis, par La
Fontaine; Essais Choisis, par Montaigne; Poèmes, par
Hugo; Prose Vers, par Lamartine; Epitres et Satires, par
Boileau-Despreaux; per vol., leather, $1. net. (G.P. Putnam's
Sons.)
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
Indoor Book for Boys, by Joseph H. Adams, illus., $1.75. - The
Battle for the Pacific, by William J. Henderson, Kirk
Munroe, and others, illus., $1.25. - To the Front, by General
Charles King, illus., $1.25. - The Enchanted Castle, by Mrs.
E. Nesbit Bland, illus., $1.25. – Heroes of American History,
new vols.: Juan Ponce de Leon, by F. A. Ober; John and
Sebastian Cabot, by F. A. Ober; each, illus., $1. net.
Harper's Young People Series, new vol.: Adventures of
"Pirates and Sea-rovers, by Howard Pyle, Upshur, and others,
illus., 60 cts. (Harper & Brothers.)
Africa, Across Central, by Boat. E. A. Forbes. World's Work.
Alcohol, Fighting, Arthur Brisbane. Cosmopolitan.
Alligator, Passing of the Florida. A. W. Dimock. Harper.
Animal Instinct. Benjamin Kidd. Century.
Animals, Accidental Resemblances among. Bashford Dean.
Popular Science.
Anti-drink Crusade, Our. F. C. Inglehart. Review of Reviews.
Ararat, The Church of, Henry W. Nevinson. Harper.
Architectural League's Last Exhibit. Craftsman.
Army, Defects of our. Lieut. Paul Clark. Metropolitan,
Art Season in New York, The. Ernest Knaufft. Rev. of Revs.
Balloon Ascensions, My. Mrs. J. P. Thomas. Metropolitan.
Beveridge, Senator. William S. Bridgman. Munsey.
Bible, The: Have We Lost It? Charles D. Williams. American.
Bigelow, John, of New York. Review of Reviews.
Black Hand" Myth, The. Gaetano d'Amato. No. American.
Book-Publishers' situation, The. M. H. Forrester. Munsey.
Books Worth While - IX., Emerson. H. T. Peck. Munsey.
Borglum's Portrait Bust of Lincoln. Craftsman.
Boys, Educating Our-II. Joseph M. Rogers. Lippincott.
Brain, The: How it Works. Edward A. Ayers. Harper.
Branch Banks for the U.S. H. M. P. Eckhardt. Atlantic.
Brownsville Investigation, The. Senator Foraker. No. Amer.
Bruges, The Pageant at. R. H. Russell. Metropolitan.
Burns, William J.: Intriguer. Lincoln Steffens. American.
Business Situation, The. F. A. Munsey. Munsev.
Camp Furniture, Home-made. Craftsman.
Carnival at Nice. The. Day Allen Willey. Metropolitan.
Carrière, Eugène. Frank J. Mather, Jr. Scribner.
Cavalieri, Lina. William Armstrong. Munsey.
Chateaubriand in America. W. B. Blake. Atlantic.
Chicken Raising, Profitable. Roscoe B. Sando. Outing.
Children's Fears. Clara Louise Burnham. Appleton.
Children's Museum as Educator. Anne B. Gallup. Pop. Science.
Churchill, Lady Randolph, Reminiscences of - V. Century.
Church in France: Its Difficulties. Felix Klein. Atlantic.
College Graduates, Saving. Robert Dunn. Outing.
Confederacy, The Passing of the. Eliza Andrews. Appleton.
Corporations, The Case for. George W. Perkins. Appleton.
Cottages, Two Unusual. Craftsman.
Courtyards of Paris. Vance Thompson, Harper.
Crime, Prevention of. Hugo Münsterberg. McClure.
Criminals, Emotions of. Hugo Münsterberg. Cosmopolitan.
Derby of the Air, The. Rupert Johnstone. World's Work.
Desert, Conquering the. R. E. Rinehart. World's Work.
Design: Theory and Practice - VII. E. Batchelder. Craftsman.
Dewing, Thomas W., Art of. Charles H. Caffin. Harper.
Divorce or Devotion. Lucy M. Saunders. Appleton.
Doctors' Fees, The Justice of. G. C. Lawrence. Appleton.
Eddy, Mary Baker G.-XII. Georgine Milmine. McClure.
Education from a Military Viewpoint. C. W. Larned. No. Amer.
Egypt, The Spell of -II. Robert Hichens. Century.
Election of 1907 — & Postcript. 0. E. Russell. Cosmopolitan.
Electricity, Across the Divide by. F. G. Moorhead. World's
Work.
English Humor and American Art. H. P. Robinson. Putnam.
Exclusion, Spirit and Letter of. Oscar S. Straus. No. American.
Exile. Henry Dwight Sedgwick. Atlantic.
Farming America's Swamps. G. E. Mitchell. Rev. of Revs.
Farm Spirit, The New-1., Plow Time. Agnes C. Laut. Outing.
Foreign Tour at Home, A.-II. Henry Holt. Putnam.
Forest Reserves, Appalachian, T. E. Will. Review of Reviews.
French Diplomacy, Fifteen Years of. André Tardieu. No, Amer.
French Element in English. Thomas R. Lounsbury. Harper,


220
[April 1,
THE DIAL
Western Railroads and Destiny. Ray 8. Baker. Century,
West in the Orient, The -IV., Westward Tide of Commerce
through Suez. Charles M. Pepper. Scribner,
West Point before the War. Gen. S. W. Ferguson. Metropolitan.
Whistler, Recollections of. John Ross Key. Century.
Whistler, Recollections of. Sidney Starr. Atlantic.
Widow and Her Legacy, The World's Work.
Worrier, The. George Lincoln Walton. Lippincott.
Zelaya, José Santos. Arthur Stringer. Metropolitan.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 115 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY.
Quaker and Courtier: The Life and Work of William Penn.
By Mrs. Colquhoun Grant. Illus. in photogravure, etc., 8vo,
pp. 359. E. P. Dutton & Co. $3.50 net.
Memoirs of the Comtesse de Boigne. Edited from the
original MS. by M. Charles Nicoulland. Vol. III., 1820-1830;
with portrait, 8vo, pp. 377. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.50 net.
Lifo and Letters of Sir James Graham, Second Baronet of
Netherby, 1792-1861. By Charles Stuart Parker. In 2 vols.,
illus. in photogravure, 8vo, gilt tops, uncut, pp. 930. E. P.
Dutton & Co. $7.50 net.
Sir George Grey: Pioneer of Empire in Southern Lands. By
George C. Henderson. Illus. in photogravure, etc., 8vo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 315. E. P. Dutton & Co. $. net.
A History of the Lifo of Colonel Nathaniel Whetham, a
Forgotten Soldier of the Civil Wars. By Catherine Durning
Whetham and William Cecil Dampier Whetham. Illus., 8vo,
uncut, pp. 237. Longmans, Green, & Co. $2.80 net.
Jean Jacques Rousseau. By Jules Lemaitre; trans. by Jeanne
Mairet. 8vo, pp. 365. McClure Co. $2.50 net.
Gambling in the Southwest. Barton W. Currie. Century.
German Painting: Its New Spirit. K. Francke. Cosmopolitan.
Grand Cañon in Storm, The. Clifton Johnson. Outing.
Great Men, Our Lack of. Arthur C. Benson. Putnam.
Handicrafts, Profitable, and Small Farming. Craftsman.
Hansen, Neils E.: Scientist. W. P. Kirkwood. World's Work.
Harpooning in the Gulf of Mexico. Wm. Todd. Scribner,
Helleu Intime. Christian Brinton. Putnam.
Heroes that Women Like. Alan Dale. Cosmopolitan.
Himalayan Sketches. Louise Parke Atherton. Atlantic.
House Dignified, The - VII. Lillie Hamilton French. Putnam.
Hudson Tunnels, The. L. E. Van Norman. Review of Reviews.
Hughes, Governor. Burton J. Kendrick. McClure.
Humanities, Harking back to the. John Corbin. Atlantic.
India, The Unrest in. Perceval Landon. World's Work.
Inland Lake, Respiration of an. E. A. Birge. Popular Scienee.
Inland Waterways-IV, Herbert Quick. Putnam.
Insects, Entomophagous, Use of. Paul Marchal. Pop. Science.
Inverness to Southampton. Frank Presbrey. Outing.
Ireland, The New - II. Sydney Brooks. No. American.
Irish Industries, The Dun Ewer. Craftsman.
Jew, Social Disability of the. Edwin J. Kuh. Allantic.
Jobs, Finding the Handicapped. Mary Brooks. World's Work.
Johnson, Governor. Charles E. Russell. Everybody's.
Johnson, Governor John. W. B. Chamberlain, World's Work.
Journalism, Politics, and the University. George Harvey. No.
American.
Libraries for Everybody. Irene Van Kleeck. World's Work.
Lincoln, Recollections of. 0.0. Howard. Century.
London Times, The Story of the. Henry W. Lucy. Munsey.
Manual Training and Efficiency. Arthur D. Dean. Craftsman.
Mars and the Earth's Future. Percival Lowell. Century.
Mars, The Case against. Harold Jacoby. American.
Melchers, Gari. C. Lewis Hind. World's Work.
Mental Virility, The Age of. W. A. N. Dorland. Century.
Mississippi, The New. John L. Mathews. Everybody's.
Motor Boat, The Practicable. H. P. Burchell. Outing.
Motoring through France - IV. Edith Wharton. Atlantic.
Mulatto, The Tragedy of the. Ray S. Baker. American.
Mural Decoration, Vitality in. G. Edgerton. Craftsman.
National Convention Speeches. Lyndon Orr. Munsey.
Naturalization System, An Improved. A.W.Cooley. Rev.of Revs.
Naval Cruise, Greatest Modern. W. L./Marvin. Rev. of Revs.
Occult Phenomena. Hamlin Garland. Everybody's."
Papacy, Dogmatic Authority of the. Archbishop Ireland. No.
American.
Paris and the Parisites. Samuel G. Blythe. Everybody's.
Physics. Ernest Fox Nichols. Popular Science.
Planting, Art in Ornamental. Grace Tabor. Craftsman.
Pollard, Judge, Pledges of. R. D. Whytock. World's Work.
Presidency, The Power of the. H. B. Needham. Munsey.
Presidential candidates in Caricatures. Munsey.
Provincialism of the East, The. Louis Howland. Scribner.
Public Service Commissions Law of New York, The. Thomas
Mott Osborne. Atlantic.
Racing Game, The. Clarence L. Cullen, Everybody's.
Railroad Signalman's Confession, A-III. J.O.Fagan. Atlantic.
Railway Beautiful, The. Sylvester Baxter. Century.
Religion, An Ideal Commonwealth's. G. H. Gilbert. Atlantic.
Religious Situation, The Goldwin Smith. No. American.
Republican Nominee, The Next. J.T. McCutcheon. Appleton.
Salem Ships and Sailors, Old-IV. Ralph D. Paine. Outing.
School Building up a Town, A. M. A. Tucker. World's Work.
Science. History of: An Interpretation. C. R. Mann. Pop. Sci.
Scientist's Romantic Story, A. W.P. Kirkwood. World's Work.
Socialistic Wealth Distribution. Morris Hillquit. Putnam.
Soil, The Divine. John Burroughs. Atlantic.
South after the War, The. Carl Schurz. McClure.
Spring Work at the Country Home. Eben E. Rexford. Outing.
Stage Associates, Some of my. Ellen Terry. McClure.
Strenuous President, The Powers of &. "K." American.
Suavity, The Return of. Cornelia Atwood Pratt. Putnam.
Taft, Lorado, and Western School of Sculptors. Craftsman.
Tarbell, Ida M. M. Irwin MacDonald. Craftsman.
Temperance Wave, Mr. Dooley on the. F. P. Dunne. American.
Theatrical Performances, Economy of Attention in. Clayton
Hamilton. No. American.
Vagabonds of France, The. Vance Thompson, Outing.
Venezuela and the American Claims. R. Floyd Clark and F.D.
McKenney. No. American.
Wagner, Decline and Fall of. Reginald de Koven. No. Amer.
Wall Spaces, Decorative-V. Mary L. Bookwalter. Craftsman.
Wall Street in the Days of the Dutch. F.T. Hill. Harper.
War, The Hell of. Louis L. Seaman. Appleton.
Waterway Era, Our Dawning. W. J. McGee. World's Work.
Waterways, Our Inland. W.J. McGee. Popular Science.
Pp. 450.
HISTORY.
Modern Egypt. By the Earl of Cromer. In 2 vols., with por-
trait, 8vo, gilt tops, pp. 1194. Macmillan Co. $6. net.
Stuart's Cavalry in the Gettysburg Campaign. By John
8. Mosby. With maps and portraits, 8vo, pp. 222. Moffat,
Yard & Co. $2. net.
Bradford's History of Plymouth Plantation, 1606-1646.
Edited by William J. Davis. Hlus.. 8vo, pp. 437. “Original
Narratives of Early American History." Charles Scribner's
Sons. $3. net.
Slavonio Europe: A Political History of Poland and Russia
from 1447 to 1796. By R. Nisbet Bain. With map, 12mo,
“Cambridge Historical Series." G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $2. net.
A History of the United States and its People from Their
Earliest Records to the Present Time. By Elroy McKendree
Avery. Vol. IV.; illus., large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 397.
Cleveland: Burrows Brothers Co.
The Black Death of 1348 and 1349. By Francis Aidan Gasquet.
Second edition ; 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 272. Macmillan
Co. $2. net.
The History of Truro Parish in Virginia. By Philip
Slaughter; edited, with notes and addenda, by Edward L.
Goodwin. Illus., 12mo, pp. 164. George W. Jacobs & Co.
$1.50 net.
Revolution on the Upper Ohio, 1775-1777. Compiled from
the Draper MSS, in the Library of the Wisconsin Historical
Society; edited by Reuben Gold Thwaites and Louise Phelps
Kellogg. Illus., 12mo, pp. 275. “Draper Series," Vol. II.
Madison: Wisconsin Historical Society. $1.50.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Parerga; A Companion Volume to “Under the Cedars and the
Stars." By Canon Sheehan. 8vo, pp. 352. Longmans, Green,
& Co. $1.60 net.
Literature and the American College : Essays in Defense of
the Humanities. By Irving Babbit. 12mo, pp. 263. Houghton,
Mifflin & Co. $1.25 net.
The Symbolist Movement in Literature. By Arthur
Symons. Revised edition ; 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 193.
E. P. Dutton & Co. $2. net.
Browning and the Dramatio Monologue: Nature and
Interpretation of an Overlooked Form of Literature. By
S. S. Curry. 12mo, pp. 308. Boston: Expression Co. $1.25.


1908.]
221
THE DIAL
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
Love Me Little, Love Me Long. By Charles Reade. 8vo,
pp. 526. "Large Print Library." Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.50.
The New Inn; or, The Light Heart. By Ben Jonson.
Edited by George Bremner Tennant. 8vo, pp. 840. “Yale
Studies in English.” Henry Holt & Co. Paper, $2. net.
The Old Spelling Shakespeare. Edited by F.J. Furnivall
and the late W. G. Boswell-Stone. First vols.: Twelte Night;
The Two Gentlemen of Verona; The Comedie of Errors; A
Midsommer Night's Dreame. Each, 12mo. Per vol., $1. net.
Brooke's “Romeus and Juliet”: Being the original of
Shakespeare's “Romeo and Juliet.” Edited by J.J. Munro.
With frontispiece, 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 167. "Shake-
speare Classics.” Duffield & Co. $1. net.
..
VERSE AND DRAMA.
Interlades and Poems. By Lascelles Abercrombie. 12mo.
gilt top, uncut, pp. 174. John Lane Co. $1.25 net.
The Scarecrow; or, The Glass of Truth: A Tragedy of the
Ludicrous. By Percy Mackaye. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 179.
Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
The Father. By August Strindberg: trans, by N. Erichsen.
12mo, pp. 99. John W. Luce & Co. $1. net.
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THE DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAGR
.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, 82. a year in advance, postage
EXAGGERATION AND THE ARTISTIC
prepaid in the United States, and Mexico; Foreign and Canadian
TEMPERAMENT.
postage 50 cents per year extra. REMITTANCES should be by check, or
by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY.
The century is young; the world also is young,
Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current
number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub-
as worlds go; and our country, compared with many,
scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription is very young
Exaggeration is one of the faults
is desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All com-
munications should be addressed to
to which youth is peculiarly subject — and from
THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. which age
is not wholly free.
Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office To be an artist — in words, in color, with the
at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879.
chisel, on the stage, or in whatever medium - and
not to exaggerate, sometimes and to some extent,
No. 524. APRIL 16, 1908. Vol. XLIV.
might fairly be considered an impossibility. With
the example of the Supreme Artist (personified or
CONTENTS.
not) constantly before one's eyes, how could it be
EXAGGERATION AND THE ARTISTIC TEM otherwise ? For who will claim that the universe
PERAMENT
231 exhibits an exact adaptation of means to ends, with
CASUAL COMMENT
233 no waste? What an infinitesimal fraction of the
The problem of the publishers. — Mr. Carnegie's sun's energy serves any known or conceivable end,
additional gift. — The old and the new in libra-
compared with the vast amount of heat radiated
rianship.-French ignorance of things American.-
A self-contradictory characterization of American
each second into infinite space! Why should the
literary style. - A new Shakespeare memorial for maple tree produce ten thousand seeds a year when
London. A veteran librarian's retirement.
one seed in ten years would more than perpetuate
Shakespeare on a merry-go-round. -A rival to Sir
its kind ? Of course the naturalist's explanation is
Boyle Roche. — The pine tree poetry of Japan. —
The Johnson bicentenary. - The ethics of "skip-
obvious enough; but the truth remains that nature
ping."— Henry the Eighth's comments on matri is the very type and example of exaggeration, of a
mony.-- The awakening of Rochester readers. lavish exuberance that is the very opposite of restraint
The versatile and scholarly Mr.G. Lowes Dickinson. and reserve. In a sort of frolic superabundance of
-Some unpublished letters of Edward FitzGerald.
vital energy not even the superlatives of the up-to-
COMMUNICATIONS
236
Libraries and Book-lovers. Margaret Vance.
date journalist can vie with her.
Fiction in the Boston and Trenton Libraries. Purd
But this is not saying that hyperbole is a good
B. Wright
thing in itself, or that the easy art of exaggeration
LORD CROMER ON MODERN EGYPT. James is one to be cultivated. Rather is exaggeration to
W. Garner
237 be regarded as an evil, though a necessary one, and
THE NEW DICTIONARY OF ARTISTS. Russell its restraint to be studied. It is one form of ani-
Sturgis
238 mation, and animated restraint, as Walter Bagehot
A GERMAN VIEW OF THE GREAT ENGLISH long ago observed, is a most desirable quality in
COMMONER. Laurence M. Larson
240 literary expression, as in art generally. What makes
ANOTHER INTERPRETATION OF BUDDHISM. the judicious exaggerator grieve is the reckless
William Elliot Griffis
243
waste with which his carefully husbanded reserves
A NATIVITY PLAY IN MEXICO. Frederick Starr 244 of strong and effective words and phrases are
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne 245 squandered by the unthinking and unscrupulous on
Miss Robins's Come and Find Me. - Miss Neff's
subjects of trivial moment; so that when the really
Altars to Mammon. — Miss Taylor's The Reaping.
- Barr's The Measure of the Rule. - Sinclair's
great occurrence demands forceful description, the
The Metropolis - London's The Iron Heel.
adequately descriptive terms are found to have been
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS .
247
all worn threadbare. Funds that should have been
Studies of modern painters. — Bonapartism and
accumulating against an earthquake, a pestilence, or
French liberalism. — The arousing of the Hermit a war, have been dribbling away in the purchase of
Kingdom. — The great California earthquake. -
daily bread. The reckless exaggerator is a spend-
An Italian critic of the English stage. For teachers
and parents of adolescent youth. — An English
thrift ; unthinking resort to hyperbole is improvi-
biography of Lincoln. — An unravelled compen-
dence; and the few wise and heedful pay for the
dium of comparative anatomy. – Knowledge of misdoings of the many foolish.
the solar system down to date.
A recent book on "The Fortunes of the Republic,”
BRIEFER MENTION
• 250 | by a writer whose occupancy of a pulpit famous in
NOTES
251 our church history gives his utterances a weight and
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
252 authority they might not otherwise possess, contains
.
.
.
.


232
[April 16,
THE DIAL
this sentence in its preface : “I have talked with except neatness of expression; valde mediocris
thousands of men of all classes, and if one can trust homo.” But it is in picturing his own woes and
one's own eyes and ears, there is not the shadow of grievances that the artist's delight in vivid expres-
a shade of a reason for pessimism as to the people sion rises to its height in Carlyle. It is a question
and institutions of this country.” Taken literally, which gave him the greater satisfaction, toiling stren-
“ thousands" means at least two thousand, and "all uously and successfully at his " Friedrich " for eight
classes ” admits of no exceptions. Each conversar busy years, or groaning and ejaculating, in forcible
tion, too, if profitable for instruction, must have exclamations and adjectives and adverbs, over his
occupied at least ten minutes. But who will believe herculean task. “ Éver since I wrote last year
that this busy preacher and pastor, writer and lec from Scotsbrig,” he tells his brother John as the
turer, has spent three or four hundred hours dis great book nears completion," I have been working
cussing industrial and sociological questions with like a slave; day and night involved in confusions,
representatives of all classes, from the philanthropist of the most unmanageable nature; - the only limit
to the pick-pocket, from the plutocrat to the pauper, not to break myself down altogether, in which case
and from the organizer of vast industries to the there would be no hope of the job. Never in my
vender of peanuts ; and that not one of them all life had I a thing so difficult to do; and I am fallen
had any serious complaints or gloomy forebodings old, and feckless in comparison ; hope much dead
with which to cloud the author's optimistic outlook ? in me; not fit to handle such huge mountains of
And if the reader's credulity is thus strained at the rubbish ; — yet dreadfully unwilling to be beaten by
very start, what likelihood that the succeeding them, too. Being withal in the most evident state
chapters of the book will carry conviction? Surely of special ill-health, worse than even naturally belongs
the literary artist has here laid on his colors much to me at this age.” A permissible comment on this
too thickly.
artistry in words would be that the artist himself,
The phrase "as easy as lying” is no bad formula with all his dyspeptic grumblings and growlings,
to indicate the extreme of facility. The tempta outlived his younger brothers and passed far beyond
tion to let a story lose nothing in the telling, but the three-score-and-seven years alloted to average
rather gain a great deal, is almost irresistible. It
It mortality.
has been plausibly conjectured that the artistic Artistic emphasis of certain aspects or details is
temperament, the love of effective statement, in necessary in graphic art to differentiate it from the
Carlyle and his wife, was responsible for all the monotonous literalness of photography. The same
wild rumors of acute inharmony between that inter judicious placing of emphasis is demanded in writ-
esting couple. Turning the pages of Mrs. Carlyle's ing, in order to convert dull and colorless narrative
sprightly correspondence, without looking for pas into literature. What is characteristic requires
sages of conjugal endearment or the opposite, one touching up, what is unessential must be properly
soon chances on such highly-colored bits as the toned down. In the things of every day life, in
following vehement reference to a not very extra matters of conduct and costume and personal appear-
ordinary incident connected with her pet dog Nero: ance, it is a process instinctive even in the least
“ As for Nero, his temper is at all times that of an æsthetically developed of the race. The thick-
angel. But yesterday, 0 heavens ! I made my first lipped South-African negro is prone to exaggerate
experience of the strange, suddenly-struck-solitary, this labial deformity (or beauty, as he regards it)
altogether-ruined feeling of having lost one's dog! by thrusting thorns through his lips to make them
and also of the phrensied feeling of recognising him, swell ; and, already provided with an abundant crop
from a distance, in the arms of a dog-stealer! But of woolly hair, he masses it high on the top of his
mercifully it was near home that he was twitched up." head to accentuate the effect. Many tribes, as the
And apropos of repairs going on in the house, she Malays, the Kirghis, and the Hottentots, depress
writes distressfully to her absent husband : “For the already flat nose, sometimes even breaking down
God's sake do not let John plump in upon me in the bone; whereas the thin-nosed Arab or Spaniard
my present puddlement. There wants only him, or can never acquire too great aquilinity. American
the like of him, constantly running out and in, inter Indians, unblessed with beards, pull out the few
fering with everything and needing to be attended chin hairs they may chance to have; and hirsute
to, to make my discomfort complete. The bare idea Aino women paint the upper lip to make the mus-
of it makes me like to scream !” With Carlyle him tache look heavier. The oblique eyes of Japanese
self, in his unstinted use of picturesquely emphatic belles are artificially made to appear even more
language, readers are familiar. Writing to his oblique; and the long, narrow eyes of Egyptian
brother John, he calls Ruskin, with humorous ex dames are likewise rendered longer and narrower
aggeration of the latter's qualities, “ a bottle of in appearance than in reality. The fat women of
beautiful soda-water,” and Macaulay he unduly Uganda assiduously cultivate obesity, and the lean
depreciates in styling him, although“ a man of truly ladies of Java eat clay to reduce themselves still
wonderful historical memory,” yet“ in other respects further. Chinese women, having naturally small
constantly definable as the sublime of commonplace, feet, pinch them to infantile proportions.
And so
not one of whose ideas has the least tincture of great on, to any length.
ness or originality or any kind of superior merit Exaggeration, then, for purposes of æsthetic effect,
:


1908.]
233
THE DIAL
friendly relations in the educational confessional. More-
is inevitable, and, within limits, desirable. It is the
over, the fact that the division line between the two
due observance of the limits, the attainment of that types of institution was partly geographical still further
golden mean which is artistic emphasis and not vulgar presented the possibilities of factional and sectional divi-
extravagance, that marks the true artist, economical sion; while overshadowing these objections stood the
of his resources and never conveying the impression fundamental disability that the Foundation, the integrity
of having exhausted his reserve force.
of whose service depended upon its achieving a national
status and influence, was thus likely to be a one-sided
and limited influence. It was pretty broadly hinted that
the Trustees, all chosen from private institutions,
while presenting arguments to show the necessity of the
CASUAL COMMENT.
limitation of the Foundation, were really acting upon
the conviction that presently the funds would not be
THE PROBLEM OF THE PUBLISHERS, which in the end sufficient to “go round.” To have the financial dis-
is the problem of all de ers in merchantable wares — ability completely removed certainly opens the way for
namely, how to sell their products so as to bring in the a graceful retreat. It is in every way a consummation
largest returns—is discussed by Mr. Merton H. Forrester devoutly wished and devoutly welcomed. In The DIAL
in the current “Munsey's Magazine.” The article is of May 16, 1905, the great educational importance
headed, “What has Happened to the American Book of the institution which Mr. Carnegie has called into
Publishers ?” And the answer given is that they have being has been duly set forth. It seems eminently
failed to take the hint furnished by the conspicuous suc desirable that additional influences should be set at
cess of the ten-cent magazines. It is argued that if work to dignify and secure the academic career in the
attractive and low-priced periodical literature attains land of the dollar; and it is gratifying to record that
so wide a circulation as it has in the last dozen years, dollars are to be used to bring some measure of security
the same circulation ought to be attainable by attractive to the teaching profession in the higher institutions of
and low-priced books. It is further pointed out that, learning throughout the length and breadth of the land.
to use the writer's words, “no one has yet done more The State is ever an uncertain compensator for services
than scratch the surface of the possible reading public,” rendered; and the argument of paternalism distresses
and that even a book that has a sale of six hundred thou-
legislatures. The inclusion of professors in state-
sand copies is bought by only three-tenths of one per supported institutions in this truly national foundation
cent of the population of the United States. The argu is only just, but of that type of justice more frequently
ment, as presented, is plausible; but no account is taken conceded on paper than provided for in practice. Hence
of the fact that magazines live by their advertisements. this tribute to Mr. Carnegie and the Trustees of the
Is there room in the advertising field, already so largely Foundation.
covered by the magazines and newspapers — not to men THE OLD AND THE NEW IN LIBRARIANSHIP have
tion the bill-boards, the street cars, the sandwich men,
their respective claims to consideration, and the writer
and various other means of attaining publicity — for
who has been discussing with Mr. Briggs, our recent cor-
books too? We have groaned, but groaned patiently, respondent, the merits of the ancient system, and who
under the weight of the magazine's advertising pages.
fears that some of his own remarks have been mis-
Should we ever submit to a proportionate increase in the
understood or have even caused pain, ventures to add
size and weight of our books ? The English experiment
a few explanatory and propitiatory comments. He says:
in half-crown novels has yet to be proved a success. The
“ There is really no cause for any disagreement between
vast circulation of the so-called “subterranean" liter-
Mr. Briggs and the present writer. The desirability of
ature, the sensational trash that the world of letters
wider acquaintance with books on the part of librarians
knows nothing about, is not mentioned by Mr. Forrester,
great and small is one of the leading points of the
and hardly bears on the question under discussion, except
doctrine preached here from week to week. In admi-
to make a self-respecting author shudder at the thought
ration for the spirit of book-lover and book-knower
of his poem or novel or essay depending, for its com-
which was a characteristic of the old-fashioned libra-
mercial success, on any such “ cheap and nasty” style rian,' we will not yield a jot to anyone. If necessary,
and methods. Perhaps Mr. Seymour Eaton and his
chapter and verse can be quoted to show that that creed
lately organized Thinkers' Club will think out the cor-
has always been upheld in this pulpit. The little piece
rect solution of this problem of the publishers.
to which Mr. Briggs seems to have objected was
intended to point out that on the whole we have gained,
MR. CARNEGIE'S ADDITIONAL GIFT of five million even if certain desirable qualities have been lost, with
dollars to the resources of the Carnegie Foundation for the disappearance of the old-fashioned librarian.' Li-
the Advancement of Teaching is to the educational world braries are popular and democratic where they formerly
a matter of large importance. It assures the participation were exclusive and jealously guarded. Their faults are
in the Foundation upon equal terms of State Universities the faults of the age.
At any rate, the discussion has
and the Universities of private foundation. The tenta had one gratifying point. Mr. Briggs says that he
tive exclusion of the State Universities called forth no has repeatedly read the passage quoted again by the
uncertain protest from those affiliated alike with private Transcript regarding the curmudgeon of olden time
and state-supported institutions. The danger that Uni who kept his books under rusty lock and key.' Now,
versities were to be classed according to the source of the only thing quoted' was from The Old Librarian's
their funds and not according to the ideals that deter Almanac,' so we are led to the belief that Mr. Briggs
mined the manner of their expenditure was a very real is a reader of that fine old work. This is good news,
one. Equally real was the danger that the two types indeed, and it is to be hoped that many others are fol-
of institution would be drawn into a rivalry spoken of lowing this example. The Old Librarian's Almanac'
as friendly in public conclave but hardly leading to deserves to be better known by the present generation.”


234
[April 16,
THE DIAL
FRENCH IGNORANCE OF THINGS AMERICAN sometimes sympathy; they describe them with quiet humour.” Mr.
reaches a pitch that is almost equivalent to contempt. Whibley's article should be read in full, even if one
But we need not take offense; for the typical boulevardier cannot take it all as gospel truth.
is little better instructed in matters much nearer home.
To him, Paris is France, and what lies beyond is all A NEW SHAKESPEARE MEMORIAL FOR LONDON has
terra incognita and doesn't count. A delver into the
at last been definitely projected. Naturally it is to
archives of the French Academy has discovered some take the form of a statue. An able committee, which
rather amusing evidences of an astonishing ignorance includes the President of the Royal Academy, Mr.
concerning so famous a man as George Washington.
Sidney Colvin, and Professor Gollancz, has chosen a fine
The Immortals did not even give him the title of
site in Park Crescent, and secured King Edward's con-
“ general,” and apparently he was associated indiscrim-
sent to the transference of the statue of the Duke of
inately with “les officiers généraux, le Général Gates
Kent now standing there to another position. It is
et le Général Green.” As for spelling his name with
proposed that the new statue shall be a world's tribute
anything like correctness, that was not to be expected: to the poet, and accordingly all civilized nations are to
the French dictionary-makers got as near to it as be invited to join the British Empire and America in
“M. Wastington," "M. Wasinghton,” and “Georgio
the erection of a worthy memorial. Meanwhile the
Washinghon," and therewith remained content. If
annual Shakespeare festival, in memory of the poet's
this was the best these learned gentlemen could do, what
birthday, is to come off as usual this month, under the
was to be expected of playwrights and actors in their
capable and loving direction of Mr. F. R. Benson. The
attempts to exploit an illustrious name? What could
theatrical performances will continue nightly for three
the French tongue make out of either W or sh? The
weeks from April 20, and on April 30 there will be
climax was reached in 1785, when there appeared on
a Shakespearean costume ball in the town hall at
the stage a character designated as “ Vazington fils," a Stratford. Mr. Forbes Robertson as Hamlet, Mr. Lewis
son of George Washington. In Sauvigny's “ La Liberté
Waller as Henry V., Mr. Henry Ainley as Romeo, Miss
du Nouveau Monde,” we find Vazington (pere, not fils, Genevieve Ward as Queen Margaret in “ Richard III.,"
this time) declaiming the following heroic lines: and Mr. Poel and the Elizabethan Stage Society in
J'ai rempli les devoirs d'un citoyen fidèle,
“Measure for Measure,” are among those who will
Et si quelque succès a couronné mon zèle,
assist Mr. Benson and his always thoroughly trust-
Je le dois aux guerriers dont l'héroique ardeur
De mes nobles travaux a partagé l'honneur."
worthy company in the Shakespearean productions.
Could anything be less Washingtonian? But certain
Such a memorial as the Shakespeare festivals may be
other famous Americans fared little better. In the
less lasting than monuments of marble or bronze, but
catalogue of the Salon for 1789, Houdon's bust of
it is certainly quite as strongly marked by the spirit of
true remembrance.
Jefferson is entered as “ M. Sefferson, Envoyé des Etats
de Virginie." These and other entertaining matters of A VETERAN LIBRARIAN'S RETIREMENT that will attract
the same sort have been communicated to the Boston attention abroad as well as at home, and that will be
“ Transcript" by Mr. Howard P. Arnold, of Pasadena, deeply regretted by the community he has so long and
Cal.
so acceptably served, is that of Mr. Samuel Swett
A SELF-CONTRADICTORY
Green, for thirty-seven years head of the Worcester
AMERICAN LITERARY STYLE appears in the March
(Mass.) Public Library, of which he became a trustee
“ Blackwood,” from the sprightly pen of Mr. Charles
forty-one years ago for a term of four years. Native of
Whibley, who takes such delight in describing his late
Worcester, his home-keeping has brilliantly contradicted
visit to this country. In his paper on “ American Lit-
the Shakespearean adage: his many honors and offices,
erature” he declares that “the writers of America have
and his many services to the cause of culture, have
lagged honourably behind their age. The wisest of
demonstrated his wits to be by no means “homely."
them have written with a studious care and quiet rev-
Already known to the world of literature, he asks to be
erence.” “ The new world, to its honour be it said, bas
relieved of his library duties in order that he devote
discovered no new art of letters. The land, where all
himself to still further literary work; but it is probable
else is characteristic, has made few attempts to impose
that his successor will not be appointed before next year.
its character upon the literary language.' But after
Worthy of passing note is the fact that under Mr. Green's
thus praising our men of letters for their faithful fol administration the Worcester library was the first in New
lowing of the old English models, he says, a few pages
England to open its doors on Sunday, and also (so rumor
further on: “The whole continent is pegged out in
declares) the first in the world to allow the renewal
well-acknowledged claims. Boston cultivates one style,
of books by telephone. Other useful innovations are
Chicago another. Each corner makes the most of its
credited to him, and he has always shown himself re-
own material, and cheerfully discovers to the other
sponsive to suggestions and a vigilant foe to that lifeless
States its character and temperament. The result is
routine into which librarians have been known to settle
in somnolent content.
of great and varied interest.” Chicago he singles out
for such peculiar praise as must be quoted here. “That SHAKESPEARE ON A MERRY-GO-ROUND would be a
admirable literature should come from Chicago," he curious spectacle to us, but probably not more so, nor
writes, “is of itself a paradox. It is still more sur so much so, as would have been to him the sight of his
prising that the best writers of Chicago should display plays as now presented in Berlin on the Reinhardt
the qualities of tranquillity and reticence, which you Revolving Stage, or Drehbühne, whereby the scenes can
would expect least of all to find in that monstrous city. all be expeditiously rendered in the original order and
Yet it is characteristic of Miss Edith Wyatt and Mr. without the customary waits for scene-shifting and stage-
H. B. Fuller, who have painted the manners of Chicago setting. A spectator of these Reinhardt productions at
with the greatest skill, that they never force the note. the Deutsches Theater says, among other interesting
They look upon their fellow-citizens with an amiable things: “ It may seem trivial to lay such stress upon
CHARACTERIZATION
OF
may


1908.]
235
THE DIAL
technique, but in Shakespeare, as in all the masters of find the national ideal in the pine tree. Look at the
dramatic art, the form is an expression and a part of the pine tree, which will give you a divine suggestion if you
idea. The Deutsches Theater, presenting the play in see it keeping at a distance, and again inspire you with
its entirety, has manifested the structure of Twelfth its strength if you are near to it; now it will appear to
Night' as I have never seen it revealed before. The you as a man of powers and command, now as a prophet
untangling of the plot in the last act, in particular, one who scorns the world and dust. .. There is no other
of the consummate masterpieces of dramatic technique, tree like the pine in expressing such manliness and
stands out in wonderful relief. It moved me deeply nobility.” This, and more in similar strain, is calculated
in the beautiful production by Mr. Sothern and Miss to appeal to anyone who has ever listened to the summer
Marlowe, but if I compare my two impressions I see breeze whispering in the pine-tops, or heard the blast
that then I was stirred by Shakespeare alone, while of winter smite his thunder-harp of pines.” But there
Herr Reinhardt supports the dramatist to the full with is another avenue of appeal not noticed by this Japanese
the subtle art of the stage manager. He has prepared writer: the wholesome fragrance of the pine is not to
for the untangling, moreover, by bringing out what I be left out of account. Are there any associations more
have never seen shown on the stage before, the tangling vivid than those cornected with the sense of smell?
of the plot in the third act." We shall soon have
Shakespeare served up in styles to suit all tastes - from THE JOHNSON BICENTENARY is close upon us, and re-
the studied simplicity of the Ben Greet Players to the newed appeal comes from the Mayor of Lichfield (Mr.
elaborate perfection of the Reinhardt Revolving Stage. W. R. Coleridge-Roberts) for contributions to complete
the restoration of the lexicographer's birthplace, which
A RIVAL TO SIR BOYLE ROCHE, in the matter of bulls, is now set apart as a Johnson Library and Museum.
has been discovered in an editor quoted (or reported to The old bookshop (of Dr. Johnson's father) on the
have been quoted) at a dinner party by Mr. Edwin ground floor has been restored as nearly as possible to
Markham. “When I was teaching in Los Angeles," its original state, the modern shop front having been
are Mr. Markham's alleged words, “I used to read replaced by a double window in eighteenth-century
every week a little country paper whose editor's meta style. “ The ancient floor has been made secure," we
phors were an unfailing joy to me.” Three examples are informed, “ the old oak beams of the ceiling have
of marvellously mixed metaphors are then cited. First, been thrown open to view, and other work has been
concerning a contemporary whose truthfulness was done to restore the shop to the state in which it existed
questioned by the editor: “Thus the black lie, issuing in the olden days. We are now anxious," continues the
from his base throat, becomes a boomerang in his hand, Mayor, “to proceed with the Birth-room above the
and, hoisting him by his own petard, leaves him a shop, to reveal the oak panelling, and to make manifest
marked man for life.” Next, in an article on home the other features of interest which prevailed when Dr.
life: “ The faithful watchdog or his good wife, standing Johnson was born. Other rooms, and the roof, require
at the door, welcomes the master home with an honest renovation and reparation. We wish to maintain
bark.” And finally, in a notice of a farmer's death: the building as a memorial of the great and good man
« The race was run at last. Like a tired steed he born there, and to hand it on to future generations of
crossed the harbor bar, and, casting aside whip and the English-speaking race.”
spur, lay down upon that bourne from which no traveller
returns.” The smile that these examples, if they are THE ETHICS OF “SKIPPING"might move to long and
not too outrageous, may elicit, would be called forth a tiresome argument, for and against. Does the habit of
hundred times a day if one stopped to take thought of skipping, even judicious skipping, if acquired early, tend
the original meaning of the separate words in scores of to superficiality and lack of thoroughness? Or does it
phrases that have become, by use and convention, as little promote intellectual independence and train the judg-
noticeable for incongruity as, for instance, the shining ment? With what an outburst of contempt Dr.
cylinder adorning the head of a man of fashion, or the Johnson retorted on a questioner who had asked him,
flapping skirts that make walking a weariness to women. in regard to a certain book, whether he had read it
We all mix our metaphors as unavoidably as we all through. “ No," thundered Johnson; “ do you, sir,
observe, to some extent at least, senseless conventions. ever read a book through ?” A decidedly Johnsonian
position is taken by Mr. Henry R. Tedder, Secretary and
THE PINE TREE POETRY OF JAPAN has received some Librarian of the Athenæum, in his paper on
6. T'he
very considerable additions in the last few months. At Librarian in Relation to Books," read before the Library
the recent time-honored festival of “the Reading of Association at Glasgow, and now published by a London
Poems,” held annually in the presence of the Japanese
house. “ Most young people,” he says, “are disgusted
Emperor and Empress, the subject set was “Shato no at the very threshold of life by being told that they
Matsu," or " The Pine Tree before the Temple Ground.” must read all books through. Nothing is more ridicu-
Competing for the honor of being read in the august lous than this recommendation. None but the very best
presence, some thirty thousand poems were sent in, says should be read from cover to cover, and not even the
a writer in “ The Japan Times." The pine tree seems
best is worth reading when it begins to weary."
to hold in Japan much the same place as the oak in
England The cherry blossom is, of course, the national HENRY THE EIGHTH'S COMMENTS ON MATRIMONY
flower; but, says a native writer, “ we have not only the ought to be illuminating. He certainly had a wealth
quick beauty of the cherry blossom, whose pride is in of matrimonial experience such as is granted to few. A
its falling without complaint. There is a beauty which copy (bearing evidence of having been owned by this
is feminine; and also manly beauty. I am rather sus much-married monarch) of the first edition (1526) of
picious that the cherry blossom belongs to the former the “ Christiani Matrimonii Institutio” of Erasmus has
sort of beauty; and I believe that there must be some been unearthed by a bookseller of St. Martin's Lane.
other tree to represent our manliness and strength; I Being published only a year before Henry appealed to


236
[April 16,
THE DIAL
the Pope for a divorce from Catherine of Aragon, it scarcity of book-lovers in the world. Isn't it true that
may well have proved a very timely addition to his to love books one must live with them? Nowadays the
library. To what extent the marginal notes and the average person, and even the average family, depends
underlinings were the ripe fruitage of experience with entirely upon libraries for reading matter. We don't
his three Catherines, his two Annes, and his lamented buy books; we borrow them, -- not as the book-lover
Jane, we shall never know; nor indeed whether in very borrows, to return no more, but with a business-like
truth this running commentary is from his august hand. proviso that the volumes are unfailingly to be brought
It is at least said to be illegible enough to be the writing back by a certain specified date, failing in which we
of a very illustrious personage.
pay a fine. Reading thus becomes a business, to be dis-
posed of within a definite period. Seven-day Book,"
THE AWAKENING OF ROCHESTER READERS has come tagged on to all the new fiction and some of the more
at last. That city and New Orleans are the only large popular essays and biographies — who can become
cities in the country that have thus far found life toler- deeply attached to a “Seven-day Book"? What real
able without a public library. But now the citizens of friendship with a book ever developed even within the
one of these places at least are asking for better things. more generous allotment of two weeks, the regular
Their wishes are voiced by the mayor in his annual library prescription ?
message and by the superintendent of education in his Being country-born and bred, I grew up in a home
yearly report. “The establishment of a public library," blessed with books. Ours was not an especially large or
declares Mayor Edgerton, “ is much to be desired, and well-chosen library, but it looms to vast and classic pro-
I earnestly hope that means may be provided to accom portions when compared with the constantly changing
plish this result." And Superintendent Carroll says: shelf-full of rapidly aging current fiction that forms the
« The lack of this delayed public necessity is a most only apology for a library in many homes of a younger
serious defect in our educational system, and retards and more sophisticated generation. When I am away
relatively the intelligence and culture of the entire from my own books and need to consult a play of
community.” We should regard the retardation as Shakespeare or a volume of Thackeray or Ruskin, I
positive and unqualified. Now let us hear from New proffer my request at the library window with a feel-
Orleans.
ing that it requires explanation. But it doesn't; the
THE VERSATILE AND SCHOLARLY MR. G. LOWES business-like librarian sees no anomaly in the cultured
DICKINSON, after interesting us in Chinese affairs as
person's getting any book where all books are to be
viewed by a Chinese official, in the Greek way of look-
had gratis. As a business matter this is sound, but it
ing at life, in the meaning of good, and in divers other
doesn't appeal to the book-lover. He haunts the shops,
matters, is to continue his disquisitions in a volume
not the public libraries, and he treasures his own books,
entitled “Justice and Liberty,” which is promised for
bought very often at a sacrifice of other necessities, as
early publication. Furthermore, and perhaps more
he would never value the privilege of consulting, with
important still, Mr. Dickinson has been chosen as next
regulations, a thousand times their number. The sense
year's Ingersoll lecturer at Harvard. This lectureship,
of possession enters, however slightly, into every form
established a few years ago by a bequest from the late
of real affection. Who can feel it — who indeed has
George Goldthwait Ingersoll, has for its subject “ The
the right to feel it — towards the scarred and battered
Immortality of Man," and has been filled by Professors
denizens of the Public Library shelves ?
Royce, Münsterberg, James, and Palmer, and other
MARGARET VANCE.
men of note, both lay and clerical; but it is our impres Oak Park, It., April 9, 1908.
sion that never before has a lecturer been invited from
abroad. Mr. Dickinson is worthy of the distinction.
FICTION IN THE BOSTON AND TRENTON
SOME UNPUBLISHED LETTERS OF EDWARD Fitz-
LIBRARIES.
GERALD are promised in a volume which Mr. John
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
Long of London will issue this spring. The book is an In the “Casual Comment” department of The DIAL
account of the singular friendship and business rela for April 1, your comparison of the fiction departments
tions that existed between FitzGerald and the captain of the Boston Public Library and the Trenton, N.J.,
of his herring lugger, Joseph Fletcher — familiar to Library is hardly fair, — possibly for the reason that the
readers of the Letters as “Posh." “ Altogether the library reports are not plain to you. The statement
Greatest Man I have known” was FitzGerald's char that the Boston Public Library " has in three consecutive
acterization of his unlettered shipmaster, - certainly a years purchased 129, 161, and 167 novels from the
flattering estimate from one who numbered among his great mass of English fiction examined by the Commit-
intimates such lions as Thackeray and Tennyson and tee” is possibly correct. It means titles, however, not
Carlyle.
volumes. Only the report of the librarian will show
how many copies of each title were placed in the library,
or how many volumes were purchased to replace those
COMMUNICATIONS.
worn out.
The Trenton library added 1882 volumes of fiction.
To a library worker this covers all new titles and replace-
LIBRARIES AND BOOK-LOVERS.
ments, including stories in the children's department.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
I am not defending the fiction department of the
As I have read Mr. Briggs's complaint about the Trenton library, but merely attempting to get the
increasing scarcity of book-lovers among librarians, matter right from a library stand point.
followed by Mr. Bailey's comment, I have wondered
PURD B. WRIGHT.
how far libraries may be responsible for the increasing St. Joseph, Mo., April 6, 1908.


1908.]
237
THE DIAL
The New Books.
the thrilling story of Gordon, the fall and re-
conquest of Khartoum, the problems of political
readjustment and reconstruction, and the final
LORD CROMER ON MODERN EGYPT.* withdrawal of French opposition through the
The marvellous transformation wrought out Anglo-French Convention of 1904, which leaves
in Egypt under British rule, and the methods England a free hand to carry out to full com-
by which it was accomplished, have come to be pletion the great task she began twenty-five
a favorite theme for retired Anglo-Egyptian years ago. Of this latter event Lord Cromer
statesmen. Some years ago Lord Milner pub- says : “ I rejoice that my connection lasted long
lished his “ England in Egypt ”; a few months enough to enable me to see the friendly relations
ago Sir Auckland Colvin's “ The Making of of the past reëstablished after an interlude of
Modern Egypt” was reviewed in The DiAL; misunderstanding which was detrimental alike
and now we have Lord Cromer's - Modern to British, French, and Egyptian interests."
Egypt," in two handsome volumes. Of all Of the justification of the English occupation
those who have told the story of English rule Lord Cromer has never entertained any doubt
in Egypt no one is so well equipped for the except as an academic question. The cannon
task, and, it may be added, no one has per which swept away the Dervish hordes at
formed the task so well, as Lord Cromer. Omdurman, he says, proclaimed to the world
His official career in Egypt began even before
that on England had devolved the solemn and
English occupation (March, 1877), and con- responsible duty of introducing the light of
tinued to 1907, when he retired full of years Western civilization amongst the sorely tried
and honors, Parliament showing its appreciation people of the Soudan. The change which has
of his long and distinguished services by voting taken place in Egypt under British occupation
him a grant of fifty thousand pounds. “During is, he declares, nothing less than remarkable,
this long period of nearly thirty years Lord and can be fully appreciated only by those who
Cromer was, as he says, “ behind the scenes in are in some degree familiar with the system
Egyptian affairs,” and English achievements under which the country was governed in the
there were more the result of his masterly in days of Ismail Pasha. The extent of the change
fluence than of anything else.
is well summarized by Lord Cromer in the fol-
The author's purpose in writing this book lowing words:
was, he says, first, “ to place on record an ac “A new spirit has been instilled into the population
curate narrative of some of the principal events
of Egypt. Even the peasant has learnt to scan his rights.
which have occurred in Egypt since 1876,"
Even the Pasha has learnt that others besides himself
have rights which must be respected. The courbash
and, second, “ to explain the results which have
may hang on the walls of Moudirieh, but the Moudir
accrued to Egypt from the British occupation no longer dares to employ it on the backs of the
of the country in 1882.” In addition to the
fellaheen. For all practical purposes, it may be said
wealth of material that has come from his own
that the hateful corvée system has disappeared. Slav-
extended observations and his acquaintanceship of the adventurer and the usurer are past. Fiscal
ery has virtually ceased to exist. The halcyon days
with almost everyone who has taken a leading burthens have been greatly relieved. Everywhere law
part in Egyptian affairs since the beginning reigns supreme. Justice is no longer bought and sold.
of English occupation, he has had access to all Nature, instead of being spurned and neglected, has
the documents in the archives of the Foreign responded to the appeal. "The waters of the Nile are
been wooed to bestow her gifts on mankind. She has
Offices of both London and Cairo. The re-
now utilized in an intelligent manner.
markable story of Egypt under British rule has motion have been improved and extended. The soldier
been told by Lord Cromer with a straightfor- has acquired some pride in the uniform which he wears.
wardness, an accuracy, and a charm of style
He has fought as he never fought before. The sick
never equalled in
man can be nursed in a well-managed hospital. The
other work dealing with
any
lunatic is no longer treated like a wild beast. The
the subject.
punishment awarded to the worst criminal is no longer
From a recital of the financial chaos which led barbarous. Lastly, the schoolmaster is abroad, with
to British intervention in 1882 Lord Cromer results which are as yet uncertain, but which cannot
reviews in succession the history of the country
fail to be important."
under the guiding hand of English statesmen,
The difficulties of England's task and the
the rise and fall of Pashas and Khedives, the embarrassments of the great pro-consul's own
triumphs of the English Army of occupation, position were indeed large. Between the English-
man and the Egyptian there was a “ thick mist
MODERN EGYPT. By the Earl of Cromer. In two volumes.
With portraits. New York: The Macmillan Co.
composed of religious prejudice, antique and


238
[April 16,
THE DIAL
name
semi-barbarous customs, international rivalry,
THE NEW DICTIONARY OF ARTISTS.*
vested interests and aspirations of one sort and
another, some sordid, others not ignoble but
A general book of reference covering the
incapable of realization.” Cromer tells us that
artists of the world, with their names in alpha-
at times he had to retire into his own diplo- betical order and a critical notice of each artist,
matic shell and
pose as
one amongst many
is so very important to us all that it seems worth
representatives of foreign powers. At other
while to consider what there is, and what there
times he had to step forward as the representa- may be, in that field. Of the new book, in twenty
tive of the Sovereign whose soldiers had Egypt large volumes, whose title is given below, only one
in their grip. At one time he had to defend
volume is as yet in being ; but that one volume
Egypt against European aggression, and some-
may be compared with the books which already
times in the early days to defend the British
exist. Nagler's “ Allgemeines Künstler-lexikon
position against foreign attack. He had to keep was the standby of a former generation ; but,
in touch with the well-intentioned, but occasion having been completed in 1852, it is neither
ally ill-informed, public opinion of England, to
full enough nor critical enough for the twen-
maintain British authority and at the same time
tieth century. Dr. J. Meyer with his associates
hide as much as possible the fact that he was
undertook, in 1870, such a revision and enlarge-
maintaining it, to work through British agents
ment of Nagler as was then possible ; but that
over whom he possessed no control, to avoid any
work has never passed the third volume and the
step which might involve European complication,
• Bezzuoli.” The scheme of those two
to keep the Egyptian question simmering, and
works was nearly universal, - an alphabet of
to avoid any action which might tend to force on
surnames of all who had produced works of
its premature consideration, etc.
fine art worthy of mention ; and, as the Nagler
Of the future of Egypt Lord Cromer thinks
work extended to twenty-two volumes, it was
there are two alternative courses : either it must
reasonably full.
become autonomous, or it must be incorporated
On a much smaller scale, but with equal
into the British Empire, and his own personal Künstler-Lexikon ” which bore the name of
completeness of scheme, the Allgemeines
preference is in favor of moving in the direction
of the former alternative. He does not, however, Seubert filled three octavo volumes, as against
favor the immediate or even the early withdrawal
the twenty-two somewhat larger volumes of
of Great Britain, but only the adoption of a policy Nagler. It was the most useful of ready
looking toward that step as an ultimate goal. Of
reference books, until superseded by newer
the delusions which at one time existed
many
editions of practically the same book under
about Egypt, the greatest of all, he says, is the
other distinctive names. The edition in five
idea that England can shake herself free of the volumes, dated 1895–1901, bears on the title-
Egyptian Question merely by withdrawing the pages the names of H. A. Müller and H. W.
British garrison and then declaring to the world Singer. No one who is in search of an inex-
that the Egyptians must get on as well as they pensive dictionary of artists need hope for a
can by themselves. A fairly good and stable
better book than the one last named ; and with
government must be insured until the Egyptians the naming of it the subject of the universal
are capable of governing themselves without the
lexicon
may
be dismissed until the seeker takes
presence of a foreign army in their midst, and
up the first volume of Thieme and Becker.
without foreign guidance in civil and military
All other similar books of reference are limited
affairs. That time Lord Cromer thinks has not
in scope, and restricted in one or another
fashion.
yet come, but, on the contrary, is far distant, and
one or two generations must pass away before
Bryan's “ Dictionary of Painters and En-
the question can even be usefully discussed. gravers” is nearly a century old, but we need
JAMES W. GARNER.
not reckon with any edition earlier than that
revised by Graves and Armstrong and finished
in 1889. That book again was superseded by
M. JUSSERAND, the French Ambassador to the United
States, has contributed a critical essay entitled “ Ben
the reissue under the charge of G.C. Williamson
Jonson's Views on Shakespeare's Art” to the “Strat-
and published in five very large volumes during
ford Town Edition of Shakespeare's works which * ALLGEMEINES LEXIKON DER BILDENDEN KÜNSTLER, von
Messrs. Duffield & Company will issue shortly. To der Antike bis zur Gegenwart. Unter mitwirkung von 300
this set is attached the unique interest of having been
Fachgelehrten des In- und Auslandes. Herausgegeben von
Dr. Ulrich Thieme und Dr. Felix Becker. Erster Band, Aa-
printed in Stratford-on-Avon, and in an old Tudor house
Antonio de Miraguel. Leipzig: Verlag von Wilhelm Engel-
next door but one to New Place, Shakespeare's home.
mann.
New York: G. E. Stechert & Co.


1908.]
239
THE DIAL
1903-5. It has one excellent feature, -a “ Andrea d'Agnolo ” rather too briefly, and
table of the works of each artist thought nota “ Androuet," the architect and draughtsman of
ble, the classification being by museums and the French Renaissance, in thirty lines besides
galleries of art as far as might be. Complete a list of items ; but the new book refers these
ness in this was not proposed,
terms to “Correggio,” “Sarto (A. del)," and
would be impracticable, — and there are even “Ducerceau.” Perhaps we may like the English-
exceptions to the rule of its introduction, as man's method of treating each subject under the
where the long notice of William Blake offers name of the artist rather than the surname or
no list at all of his productions, but names some
the nickname. Such a method is more capable
of them only in the course of critical remark. of consistent use throughout; even as the
The true limitations to the utility of Bryan are, English “ Dictionary of National Biography ”
however, to be found in its insularity of scope. prefers family names, such as Cecil and Caven-
It was said long ago that the English art student dish, to titles of nobility, as Salisbury and
rarely sees anything important in painting except Devonshire ; but all this is really indifferent.
the works of the great Italians and those of the Sometimes the two books reverse their practice.
Englishmen who have studied, and followed or “ Fra Angelico " is turned over to “Fiesole"
refused to follow, the early Italians; that he is in the English book, but has in Thieme and
prone to skip over two and one-half centuries, Becker twelve columns (six pages) under
and all of Europe which lies between the Alps “ Angelico.”
and the Channel. The Bryan Dictionary seems In other items, comparison is more feasible
to have been put together as if to confirm that and more instructive. Andrea Andreani, the
view in a slightly modified form, so extraor name signed to so many chiaroscuro prints of
dinary are the omissions, and so odd to a general the sixteenth century, has thirty lines in Bryan,
student of graphic art are the proportions followed by a long list of the titles of prints ;
observed. And then, again, Bryan deals only while in the German book there is reference to
with the artists who have died (excepting one or Bartsch for the needed list of prints, and four
two who are mentioned as having abandoned the solid columns of critical discussion of the many
practice of their art), and on this account is doubtful questions about this mass of work,
destined to pass out of date at a relatively early with brief and yet comprehensive description, a
period. This is true of “Painters and their little remote to the reader who knows not tint-
Works” by R. N. James, in three not large printing from several blocks, but as simply and
volumes ; a book otherwise well fitted for daily quietly worded as was possible to the German
reference when painting, only, is in question. Gelehrte who signs his work “K. P.” Albrecht
The “ Encyclopædia of Painters and Paint Altdorfer, highly praised and carefully criticised
ings,” edited by Champlin and Perkins, and in the English book, receives in the German
brought down to 1887, is strictly confined to volume a long notice, full of learning and
its own subject. In like manner, Redgrave's observation, signed “Pauly."
Pauly.” Washington
admirable “ Dictionary of Artists of the English Allston has had allowed to him a fairly sufficient
School,” published in 1874, is evidently of small space in either book, the Allston notice in the
scope — made smaller by the exclusion of living new volume being very judicious ; it is signed
artists. It is nearly so with Clement and by Edmund von Mach. Alma Tadema, ex-
Hutton's “ Artists of the Nineteenth Century," cluded from Bryan and from the great English
published in 1879, and with the famous books of “ Dictionary of National Biography” because
reference for print-collectors by Bartsch and still admissible to “ Who's Who,” has a page
Passavant and less known authors, and with of Thieme and Becker. Alessandro Allori (his
Anderson's “ Descriptive and Historical Cata- teacher, Agnolo Allori, is referred to Bronzino)
logue of Japanese and Chinese Paintings receives more notice than some purists would
these special books are material for a universal award him — nearly four columns; and even his
dictionary like Thieme and Becker ; it is unjust son Cristofano, a decadent if there ever was one,
to all concerned to institute any comparison is allowed a page. These Bolognese painters
between them.
are treated in cursory fashion in the Bryan
Comparison of one volume of such a work dictionary.
with corresponding parts of other dictionaries The great Alberti, chief glory of the classical
is likely to be ineffective, because of differences revival of the fifteenth century, is not thought
of method. Bryan, for instance, treats the a fit subject for any list of painters and en-
subject “ Allegri (Antonio)” in a full notice, gravers, but receives the full fifteen pages —


240
[April 16,
THE DIAL
the limit of favor, as the preface declares - in
in Chinese, who in the sixteenth century A.D.
the German book. James and Robert Adam, established a school of potters in Japan. He
the eighteenth century architects of London was naturalized, and took the name Sokei,
fame, have their full share of notice; and of founding the family known as Sasaki. Moslem
these two, Robert, the author of the great builders and carvers, in Egypt and in Spain,
study of the Roman palace at Spalato, is are to be found under " Al-Kutami," and under
accepted as the more important personality. the often recurring name “ Abdallah.” A name
There are many architects whose record is found on an Arabic vessel, exhibited in 1878,
found in Thieme and Becker. Alkamenes, the has introduced us to the potter, Abd-el-Fakir
friend of Phidias, has six columns as against | El Hadjaj-Mohammed.
El Hadjaj-Mohammed. Byzantine painting of
one-fifth as much
space under “ Alcamenes” in the Cretan school in the seventeenth century is
Smith's “ Dictionary of Greek and Roman named under “ Angelos Kres." Makers and
Biography and Mythology,” and about the painters of Greek vases are, of course, numerous.
same allowance of room in the Pauly-Wissowa The result of a long examination of the
“Real-Encyclopædie.” Andronikos of Kyrrhos volume is an enthusiastic hope that here, at
in Syria, known to English writers as Cyrrhestes, last, we are to have an adequate dictionary of
and famous as the builder of the “ Tower of the artists. A new volume every four or six months
Winds” at Athens, has a column-long notice :
may be looked for.
RUSSELL STURGIS.
though he is called a founder or deviser, rather
than an artist. Anthemios of Tralles, the great
man to whom, with the able assistance of Isidoros
of Miletos, the world owes Sancta Sophia at
A GERMAN VIEW OF THE GREAT
ENGLISH COMMONER.*
Constantinople, has his five columns. Ābadie,
the French architect, who died in 1884, is per When Dr. Albert von Ruville published his
fectly well studied in the short notice which German biography of the Earl of Chatham,
specifies his chief title to our remembrance - three
years ago, it was recognized at once that
though the hatred he excited as the “ restorer the career of that vigorous and picturesque
of Saint Front at Périgueux could hardly be statesman had at last found a student who was
discussed.
equal to the task. English and American
Alexander Anderson, the American wood reviewers found much to criticize : in a few
engraver born in 1775, has half a column, and instances the author was convicted of errors
of him it is said that he was the first in America that careful study should have corrected ; many
to use box-wood for engraving - namely, in of his more important conclusions were chal-
“ The Looking Glass for the Mind,” published lenged ; and attention was called to a number of
Under the term “ Aligny” is given ludicrous mistakes, largely the result of careless
a notice of the landscape painter more often proof-reading. But after all this had been said,
spoken of as Théodore Caruelle d'Aligny and the unusual merit of the work had to be granted.
studied as an engraver and etcher. Vapereau's That such a work would be speedily translated
“ Dictionnaire des Contemporains ” tells of him; into English was to be expected ; and such a
but the German notice is fuller and much more translation has now appeared. In its English
critical. It is interesting, this hunting for the form, the biography comprises three solid vol-
little-known men, like Alfarano, whom we asso umes of about four hundred pages each. The
ciate with our only artistic record of the ancient first volume deals with the usual subjects intro-
basilica of Saint Peter on the Vatican hill. The ductory to such a study - Pitt's ancestry, educa-
only notice of him to be discovered in a modern tion, and introduction to life, and carries the
book of reference is here; and care is taken to narrative of his official career down to the
point out that he is not necessarily the draughts- declaration of war against France in 1756; the
man or the engraver, but perhaps the ecclesias second reveals to us the great statesman and
tical dignitary, — the patron, only.
the war minister, and covers the eventful years
Artists of the farthest East are included in 1756 to 1761 ; in the remaining volume is told
this new book, as where Aimi, called Soken, the story of the long decline ending with Pitt's
a Japanese of the ninth or tenth century A.D., death in 1778.
is named as having been a member of the The leading facts of Pitt's career are a matter
national commission on painting : “ Regierungs * WILLIAM PITT, EARL OF CHATHAM. By Albert von Ruville.
kommission für Malerei." Has not that phrase
Translated by H. J. Chaytor, M.A., assisted by Mary Morison.
With an Introduction by Professor Hugh E. Egerton. In three
a modern sound? Ameya was a Korean or a volumes. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.


1908.]
241
THE DIAL
..
of common historical knowledge, and it was not anxious to throw itself unconditionally into the
to be expected that recent research would modify arms of the Pelhamites," the author attributes
the general outline to any appreciable extent. to a legacy left him in the will of the Duchess
Dr. von Ruville sees the course of eighteenth- of Marlborough, whom he now became anxious
century history very much as it has been viewed to please. Similarly, his violent opposition to
before ; still, his work differs greatly from the the men who made the peace of Paris in 1763
English writings on the same subject. His was based, not on principle, but on a desire to
attitude is that of a critic, not an advocate, and satisfy an aged, eccentric, unreasoning, but
censure frequently appears where formerly we wealthy Whig lord, Sir William Pynsent, who
were accustomed to find unqualified praise. had made Pitt his heir to extensive estates in
Different and apparently far more just are also Somersetshire. His neutral position on the
his estimates of the men who shared with Pitt American question, in 1774, is attributed to a
the duties and cares of government.
With all similar motive. The author apparently accepts
his faults (and the author does not conceal the explanation of the Prussian ambassador:
them), Newcastle was at bottom a strong man “ He has two young sons to place, and only two
and a keen politician, not the incompetent that months ago the king presented the elder of these
some have described. The estimate of Lord with an ensign's commission.” In discussing
Bute is also favorable : in unselfish patriotism Pitt's agitation for parliamentary reform, von
and devotion to king and country he is more Ruville characterizes his political morality in
than Pitt's equal. George III. seems less of the following terms:
an enemy to the British constitution after one
“ In this, as in all cases, his objects were eminently
has read von Ruville's masterful analysis of the practical and selfish. He supported everything that
political situation in the earlier years of the new
could help his plans, and opposed all that thwarted them;
reign. Another important feature is the promi- though he had not elaborated it, that an excellent foun-
at a comparatively early date he had conceived the idea,
nence given to Continental affairs; for the first
dation of success might be laid by the strictest possible
time, perhaps, the importance of the Prussian observance of political morality, and by the adoption of
alliance is stated at its true value. It may be a certain lofty and disinterested attitude upon sordid
said in this connection that the author's opinion questions of ways and means.”
of the English military leaders of the Seven To this, Professor Egerton, in his “ general
Years' War is anything but high; but impartial introduction,” rejoins that “ Had such been the
justice is hardly to be expected from a German real Pitt, it would hardly have been necessary
critic whose interest in the subject grew out of for Dr. von Ruville to write those volumes of
a study in the military career of the great his biography.”
Frederick
Nor is the author impressed with Pitt's great-
The value of Dr. von Ruville's work is not ness as an orator. His manner was impressive,
so much in the carefully constructed narrative but in argument he was often weak. The biog-
as in the discussions of social and political forces, rapher makes a laborious attempt to place this
in the revealing of secret motives and hidden conclusion on a historic foundation, but without
influences, in the insight afforded into the polit- success, as no such foundation can be built; all
ical workings of the Whig system. But the that we know of the matter of Pitt's speeches
author's strength is also his weakness; conclu-
is derived from the memories of those who heard
sions and inferences of this nature are usually them. That Pitt affected the dramatic, is evi-
based on circumstantial evidence, and in the use dent; we are told that he even used his old
of such evidence a temper is often displayed that enemy, the gout, to give emphasis to his oratory.
is neither judicious nor fair.
Perhaps the best illustration of this is his appear-
We have long been in the habit of regarding ance in Parliament in January, 1745, which is
Pitt as the incorruptible commoner, the great thus described :
orator, the lover of peace, and the friend of
“ Pitt then made a highly dramatic appearance. His
American liberty.
This conception, though stay in Bath had given him little benefit, and he was
possibly correct in outline, is doubtless highly whether his sufferings were as serious as he asserted,
still suffering from the gout, though it may be doubted
idealized. That Pitt was impervious to the In any case he appeared wrapped in bandages, supported
ordinary means of corruption, von Ruville freely upon crutches, and provided with the necessaries of an
concedes; but he believes that at times even he invalid; and thus aroused the general attention. Then
yielded to influences of the baser sort. His
he raised his powerful voice and pointed to his bandaged
limbs as evidence of the importance of a debate which
* singular behavior in 1744, when he joined would have brought him to the spot even upon the last
against his principles the party which was day of his life.”
..


242
(April 16,
THE DIAL
for peace.
The point of criticism that in this case any was forced to do so; “it rather seems that Pitt,
verbal reference to the speaker's illness should against the wish of the king and his colleagues,
have been unnecessary, is doubtless well taken. seized the opportunity of resignation.” Condi-
But the author adds that “ Pitt's behavior in tions demanded either a change in policy or a
the course of his speech, in which he rose to his new chief; and Pitt found resignation easier
full height and gesticulated vigorously” really than change.
made it necessary for him “ to strengthen the With Pitt's position on the American ques-
belief in his sufferings ... by outward show tion, Dr. von Ruville is not in sympathy; in a
and by strong reference to his malady.” measure, he holds him responsible for the
For Americans who remember Pitt principally troubles that culminated in the Revolutionary
for the stand he took on the colonial question War. Prior to the passage of the Stamp Act, the
in the closing years of his life, it is easy to hold king had called him to the chief ministry ; but
the honored idea that Pitt was eminently a he had declined the honor. 6. His consideration
believer in conciliation and peace. The real of purely material interests, his hope of a con-
facts, on the contrary, show that his passion was siderable inheritance for in no other way is
war; in earlier life he had hoped for an import- his behavior to be explained — had prevented
ant military command ; later, his great desire him from seizing the helm of state at the right
was to have the management of a war. He used moment and guiding the country through the
his office as paymaster-general, not to acquire a difficulties of the American question to the
familiarity with financial details, but“ to extend shore of reconciliation."
shore of reconciliation.” Pitt favored a large
his military knowledge, and to gain special in measure of self-government for the colonies,
formation of movements against the enemy.
but insisted at the same time on the supremacy
When he entered the ministry, in 1757, it was of Parliament. He would relieve them of the
expressly stipulated that Pitt was to have the burden of internal taxation, their assemblies
conduct of the war then raging. And when the were the proper agencies for such purposes.
time came to treat with the enemy, his terms But his arguments on the subjects of repre-
were not such as to indicate any great longing sentation and taxation do not seem to have
impressed his biographer very favorably: they
“ Chatham's greatness did not lie in counsel, were “more distinguished by enthusiasm for
in his home or his foreign policy; it lay entirely liberty than by legal insight."
in action. It was when decision was taken, when When Pitt in 1766, as Earl of Chatham,
he was placed in authority and the time had | reëntered the ministry and was called on to
come to act, that he showed what he was.” Von construct a colonial policy, we have another
Ruville's second volume is a commentary on instance of his singular behavior." He had
these sentences. The Seven Years' War was now to choose between the conciliatory policy of
Pitt's opportunity, - it enabled him to de-
- it enabled him to de- Shelburne and the aggressive measures urged by
monstrate his great administrative abilities. Townshend. He refused, however, to make the
Throughout this part of the work the treatment choice, and referred the subject to Parliament.
is sympathetic and appreciative; for Pitt the The author appears to believe that the prime
war minister the author displays an admiration minister felt himself committed to a line of action
that does not extend to the orator in opposition. that he saw was impractical, but found with-
In this volume we are given a circumstantial drawal easier than the adoption of new plans.
history of this tremendous war, with the empha In 1773 Chatham's views appear to have
sis on Pitt's wonderful management. His plans been less favorable to the colonial cause : he
are detailed with painstaking care, those that was shocked at the news of the Boston Tea
failed as well as those that succeeded. But in Party. In a speech in May of the following
this discussion, too, the minister is at times given year, he practically demanded that the revolt
scant justice: it is hard to believe that in ap be suppressed, but favored leniency as a matter
pointing General Abercrombie to the American of expediency. It is significant that in discuss-
command, Pitt purposely selected a weak gen- ing the Quebec Act he omitted all reference to
eral, since "a man of greater capacity than the great grievance of the Americans, the matter
Loudoun ... might easily have proved obsti of delimitation. But during the summer of this
nate and inconvenient in the important position year he came under the influence of Benjamin
of commander-in-chief.” In 1761, when the Franklin, with the result that his views changed
war was drawing to a close, Pitt resigned, materially. A few months later, the demand
but not, as is commonly thought, because he was no longer for leniency, but for justice; not


1908.]
243
THE DIAL
we
as
for suppression of a revolt, but for withdrawal style, its quite feminine loveliness of method, on
of the English troops. Chatham's plan, laid the one hand, and its strenuous claim to serious
before Parliament in January, 1775, “ for set attention as truth on the other. Any panegyric,
tling the troubles in America,” the author con however extravagant, we are willing to bestow
siders thoroughly impractical ; in England it on its literary form. Charming, even enchant-
had few friends, and in America “ its proposals ing, is this bit of philosophy disguised as a work
met with unambiguous condemnation."
of fiction. But as a presentation of Buddhism
As the war progressed, Chatham came to it lacks all the marks of serious acquaintance
believe that America could not be conquered ; with originals or reality. “ The West," the
at the same time, he refused to entertain the Christianity, and the history here presented are
suggestion that American independence should strangers to us, while the Buddhism set forth
be recognized. It is difficult to see how any. is neither of the Great nor the Lesser Vehicle.
one holding such irreconcilable views could Even when we are told that “ the day died in
contribute much to the solution of the colonial scarlet agony,” and that “the couriers of the
problem after 1776. The suggestion that even sun beat crimson light along the mountains,”
as late as 1777 a ministry headed by Chatham still miss the real “ color” of the East, though
might have evolved some plan of reconciliation there is indeed much local Burmese “colour,"
finds no support in the present biography. as it might have been enjoyed by a sentimental
William Pitt could carry out a policy, but Englishman. Any acquaintance with com-
could not initiate one'; he was an administrator, parative religion, apart from that common in
not a constructive statesman. It remains for insular British society and among the plain folk
future students to determine whether this view of Burma, we do not discern.
of “the Great Commoner" is historically cor Nevertheless this genuinely impressionable
rect; but Dr. von Ruville's study is the work writer has made us his debtor because of the
of a master, and his conclusions cannot be charm of his pen. He—or the printer's devil
lightly set aside.
LAURENCE M. LARSON. possibly — may spell “Musselmans 6 Mus-
selmen,” call Shinto a true system of ancestral
worship, which it is not, show a woeful lack of
acquaintance with Buddhist writings, and assert
ANOTHER INTERPRETATION OF
a thousand things, which, to one who knows a
BUDDHISM.**
little of both East and West, sound like deli-
cious nonsense. Nevertheless, profound sym-
The twentieth-century task of uniting and
conciliating the Orient and the Occident calls
pathy and kindly intercourse have made him
to its behest every sort of interpreter. Let the
a generous exponent, if not an interpreter fair
scholar who has a conscience towards texts,
Asia has still a
to other religions and races.
history, science, and reason, not despise those
secret, and blessed are they who seek to learn
it. Even without a civilization built on iron and
who from emotion and self-chosen bias set them-
selves deliberately to “interpret” the East.
coal it is possible to catch glimpses of eternal
We have had an example of one who retired
truth, and, abiding therein, to find daily hap-
from the Western world, making himself a sen-
piness. This is the burden of the book, and
sitive plate to record his impressions of Japan,
despite all cold and critical comment, the mes-
- which
sage
is a moving one. Those who, at our libra-
many among us receive as facts. Yet
while the tints in the glasses worn may change,
ries, are content with “popular" science, who
take their history in the form of fiction, and
or may remain green or rose, the reality beneath
abides. Even when one, mentally or in the
their theology direct from their pastors, will
body, retires from the white man's world and
be equally satisfied to regard this book as a
pictures Burma, we who cannot forget scrip- Agnostic faith — the product of “ the Darwin
true interpretation of the Aryan teaching and
tures, or history, or science, or who know
something of our own traditions, religion, and
of the soul.”. Only a few years ago, the Boston
Brahmins accepted Sir Edwin Arnold's poem,
mentality, crave more matter-of-fact even
dry-as-dust bases of reality, and less rhapsody.
“ The Light of Asia,” as a true exposition of
Buddhism, when it was in fact only a subjective
Now, in judging H. Fielding Hall's latest
book, “ The Inward Light,” we must differen- rhapsody tricked out in Christian phrase, and
as true to real life as is Gilbert and Sullivan's
tiate between its lush vocabulary, its intoxicating
extravaganza of “The Mikado" to Japanese
*THE INWARD LIGHT. By H. Fielding Hall. New York: The
history. WILLIAM ELLIOT GRIFFIS.
Macmillan Co.


244
[April 16,
THE DIAL
A NATIVITY PLAY IN MEXICO.*
Mexico was lost, it was quite natural that the
old play should continue to thrive within the
In its ninth Memoir, the American Folk-Lore
separated area. That it is still played there
Society presents the text and translation of a
after sixty years of “ American control, will
Mexican Play of the Nativity. In 1893 the
only surprise those who are fond of assuming
veteran observer, Captain John G. Bourke, that our country has great assimilative power.
called the attention of the Society to this play, Our editor says, “ No inconsiderable part of the
in an article printed in its Journal. He saw
the performance at Rio Grande City, Texas, in population of Texas is still Mexican in every-
thing but name.” Of course!
1891. It was given by a non-professional
It is not quite clear, however, why the editor
troupe of actors, most of whom could neither
assumes the play to be of Mexican origin. It
read nor write, who had been orally instructed
may or may not be. All Western Europe once
in their parts by their leader - a cobbler.
delighted in religious plays. Nowhere were
Captain Bourke had the leader write him out
the full text. Two years later, at San Antonio, they more popular than in Spain ; nowhere
were they so much used in propaganda ; no-
Texas, Captain Bourke found the same play where else did they occupy so large a share in
again, and secured photographs of the per-
the mind and thought of the people. Our editor
formers and phonograph records of the songs, justly remarks : “ Long after public taste [else-
It is this material — text, photographs, and where) had outgrown these primitive spectacles,
music — that is presented in the Memoir before
sacred drama continued to develop in Spain,
us, under the editorship of Mr. M. R. Cole.
aided by the intense Catholicism of the country,
Such plays are not uncommon in Mexico to-
and by the restraint to which secular drama was
day. This one, in a somewhat variant form, was
subjected. Lope de Vega lent the splendor of his
witnessed by the present reviewer in various
genius to the autosacramental, while Calderon
villages around Guadalajara during the seasons
raised that form of symbolic drama to its high-
between 1894 and 1897. Throughout this
est level, contributing to the national repertory
region the play is purely traditional. While
more than seventy Corpus Christi plays.” “ Los
many leaders and trainers have manuscripts of
the text, we have never seen an actual printed it is quite as likely to have come from the
Pastores” may have originated in Mexico, but
copy. The play is regularly rendered by a local
mother-country. Through the vice-royalty, all
group of amateur players taught and trained by that came from Spain was admired; what was
one who has committed the play to memory or
of local production was on the whole more or
owns a manuscript of the text. The actors are
less despised.
mostly boys and young men from ten to twenty When the first missionaries entered Mexico
three or twenty-four years of
age.
The play is
they certainly brought autos with them. In
usually rendered for the first time on Christmas
this new world they found Indians already
Eve, at the home town of the players. For
delighting in spectacular public performances,
several evenings following it is given by the same
and they promptly introduced the sacred drama
players at village after village in the neighbor- among their native converts. These were often
hood, usually as an open-air performance, on the given at a cost of labor and trouble and money
streets; and the players afterward, going about
that would be remarkable even at the present
the village from house to house, expect pres- day. Motolinia's description of a Corpus Christi
ents, - sweets, cakes, fruit, cigarettes, tequila, festival given in 1538 almost staggers belief.
The editor of this volume has put a large
The editor of this Memoir knows of the play amount of labor upon his task. A careful com-
as given at San Rafael, New Mexico, and at parison is made between the various versions
Pueblo, Mexico, as well as at the Texas
accessible; the metrical arrangement of the
town reported by Captain Bourke ; and from its
original is as nearly retained in the translation
widely-separated occurrences he decides that
as is possible without the sacrifice of sense ;
“Los Pastores is an old play of Mexican origin.”
That the play was once common throughout nativities by Antonio del Castillo and Antonio
some passages can be traced back to Spanish
Mexico, there can be no doubt. That it was
Mira de Mescua, but the greater part is still
played there through a long period of time is
untraced. The rustic scenes of much of this
equally certain. When a large section of
untraced portion of the text influence the editor
* Los PASTORES: A MEXICAN PLAY OF THE NATIVITY. Trans-
to refer the play as a whole to a Mexican rather
lation, Introduction, and Notes, by M. R. Cole. Memoirs of the
than a Spanish source. As was to be expected,
and money.
American Folk-Lore Society. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.


1908.]
245
THE DIAL
the spelling of the text as given is full of errors mentary principle of construction. We have every
and inconsistencies; the number of actual Mexi reason to expect that Jack Galbraith, who appears
canisms in it, however, are few. While the as a chubby infant in the opening chapters, is going
translation is carefully done, there are some
to develop into the hero of the story, and he does,
points of easy criticism. Andres is a pretty
in a sense, but is kept away from the actual scene
name, quite capable of direct transfer into
to time, and often expect him to appear in the flesh,
English, and not beyond translation. Why it
but are disappointed again and again. Finally the
should be rendered by “ Jim's Gabe " is a puz- heroine, who in search of her father has braved the
zling question. But the work as a whole is too horrors of the Cape Nome passage, and who has
seriously and conscientiously done to warrant gone upon an expedition even farther northward,
petty criticisms.
comes upon a lone hovel upon the desolate shore,
The play of “Los Pastores ” is probably a and finds it occupied by an emaciated wreck of a
seventeenth century production. It varies in
man, stricken and starving, and an Eskimo dog in
And this man is the
style “ from doggerel to the distinction of good almost equally pitiable case.
Spanish models.” The actors are the Shepherds,
Jack Galbraith whose thought has filled her mind
the Hermit, Lucifer, and the Archangel Michael! during all the years between childhood and woman-
hood, and this is their first meeting, and their last,
The message of the Nativity is announced,
since the early days. Here are all the materials
producing varying effects upon the different
needed for a memorable situation, but it is made
actors. The shepherds seek the babe and render even more memorable by the story he tells her in
adoration to him. A combat takes place his dying hour. For he and the dog are the sole
between Michael and Lucifer, in which the survivors of a party that had accomplished the
latter is finally subdued. The spirit of the crowning task of exploration, and had actually set
play is on the whole good. There are fine
There are fine foot upon the North Pole. He still has with him
passages, but there is also a good deal of coarse
the precious evidence - maps, drawings, and scien-
by-play. Most of the play is in versified mono-
tific records — of the achievement, and then and
logue, but there are chorus-songs the airs of dying man commit them to the flames. This really
there, having told the tale, the woman and the
which are often pretty. FREDERICK STARR. tremendous scene will long linger in the memory,
and it is made even the more impressive for having
been so long deferred. The rest of the book has
value chiefly in preparing us for this consummation,
RECENT FICTION.*
although it includes much that deserves praise on its
It is a pleasure to welcome Miss Robins among
own account. Particularly is this true of the story
the novelists once more, after her recent disastrous
of the voyage to Nome, and the vivid portrayal of
excursion into controversial fiction. It is still further
the improvised mining camp upon the Arctic beach.
a pleasure to find her again occupied with the theme
The whole story, rambling and incoherent beyond
which inspired “The Magnetic North,” a book that
what is ordinarily permissible, is redeemed by the
had many constructive faults, but that largely made
bits of reality, the choses vues, that it gives us, first
up for them by the vividness of its descriptive and
at intervals, and afterwards in almost continuous
dramatic passages.
“Come and Find Me,” which
succession. It is assuredly a story with a grip,
is also a story of Alaska (although it does not take
from its wavering beginnings in Southern California
us to that region until we are more than midway in
to its firm handling of the scenes by Bering Sea.
We are getting a little tired of the class of novels
aginative vision rather than by any observance of
to which “ Altars to Mammon” belongs, but this is
the rules of the novelist's game; but the effects, when
not a bad example of its class. The wealthy capi-
they are achieved, are undeniably striking. The
talist who grinds the faces of the poor and salves his
climax, which holds us in breathless
conscience by building churches has been worked to
while
suspense
we are nearing it, and leaves our emotions wellnigh
death of late, and ought to be allowed a season of
exhausted when it is done with, is made possible
decent retirement. He doubtless exists here and
only by a defiance of what would seem to be an ele-
there, but he is by no means typically representative
of our captains of industry. In the present instance
COME AND FIND ME. By Elizabeth Robins. New York:
he is painted in the most glaring colors, and his
The Century Co.
misdeeds have made him an object of general exe-
ALTARS TO MAMMON. By Elizabeth Neff. New York: The
Frederick A. Stokes Co.
cration. He lives in a region not exactly described
THE REAPING. By Mary Imlay Taylor. Boston: Little, somewhere in the mountain country of Maryland
THE MEASURE OF THE RULE. By. Robert Barr. New York:
or West Virginia, — and his luxurious residence is
D. Appleton & Co.
effectively contrasted with the mean homes of his
THE METROPOLIS. By Upton Sinclair, New York: Moffat, fellow citizens. He has a daughter, of course, who
Yard & Co.
believes him to be the soul of goodness, and whose
THE IRON HEEL, By Jack London. New York: The Mac-
eyes it is the stern task of the novelist to
open.
This
Brown & Co.
millan Co.


246
[April 16,
THE DIAL
she does through the agency of the hero, a young of such an institution as is described, the book has
Methodist minister, who is given this district as his a puzzling interest for us. The methods, the rela-
first charge. Full of zeal he enters upon his mission, tions between teacher and students, the Draconian
and soon finds himself at swords' points with the regulations, are utterly unlike anything we have ever
moneyed interests of the region on the one hand, and known, and impress us as absolutely antediluvian.
with its ingrained religious bigotry on the other. Yet they are given us in seemingly sober faith, and
During the months of stress and trial that follow, it is difficult to dispose of them as pure invention.
he grows sadly discouraged, but his spirit is not Although the school is co-educational, a boy is not
broken, and he gradually outgrows his own narrow permitted to speak to a girl; and to be seen with one
ness as he comes to realize that no religion that does in public, or to be discovered making a social call,
not express itself in terms of social service can have is a crime for which ignominious expulsion is the
any vital meaning. In time, his influence leavens only possible penalty. Our hero, of course, who
the whole community, and the institutional worker could not otherwise be a hero of fiction, brazenly
takes the place of the preacher. Incidentally, he flouts these restrictive rules, is daring enough to
defeats the local magnate's political ambitions, and accept a girl's invitation to call, and commits the
carries off the daughter in triumph.
crowning audacity of escorting her home from even-
Miss Mary Imlay Taylor is a novelist whose work ing prayer-meeting. From the consequences of this
is always mannerly and pleasing, although it dis- escapade he escapes by the skin of his teeth. In
plays no remarkable gift of either invention or the end, he marries her, although not without much
characterization. It usually has a melodramatic intervening tribulation, and we leave him neither
tinge and a neatly contrived plot. Of late, it has engineer nor teacher, but a rising artist in Paris,
taken to dealing with American life, and has thus whose latest contribution to the Salon has been the
come in closer touch with reality than when its success of the year..
scenes were laid in foreign countries.
“ The Reap
“Helpfulness and honesty seem to me the most
ing,” Miss Taylor's newest book, is a novel of essential characteristics of the American. . . . Con-
Washington society as it exists to-day, and has for its sider the vividness of his religious emotion, his
hero a brilliant congressman, in line for the highest interest in religion and metaphysical science, in
political honors, who is confronted with the difficult short, look around everywhere without prejudice,
problem of getting off with the old love and on with and you cannot doubt that behind the terrifying
the new. The woman who has long held his affec mask of the selfish realist breathes the idealist, who
tions is married, but unhappily, and is impelled by is controlled by a belief in ethical values.” These
her husband's misconduct and her own recklessness words of Professor Münsterberg came to our atten-
to seek a divorce. But her lover's feeling for her tion just as we were reading the latest productions
has by this time faded into a sentimental memory, of socialist fiction - Mr. Jack London's “The Iron
and he has become seriously enthralled by the Heel” and Mr. Upton Sinclair's “ The Metropolis"
charms of a young girl whom he has recently come - and we could not help contrasting the sane and
to know. This creates a perplexing situation for deliberate opinion of the foreign-born critic with the
all three persons, for his sense of honor demands reckless sensationalism of our radical native novel-
that he should offer his name to the woman who is ists, for "helpfulness and honesty " are precisely the
freeing herself for his sake. The difficulty disap two traits which they deny us,
two traits which they deny us, — which, indeed, they
pears with her death, as sudden as it is opportune are bound to deny us in order to find a basis for their
for the novelist's purpose. There are some half a lurid descriptions and their dismal vaticinations. To
dozen lesser figures who are sketched for us natur take Mr. Sinclair first, his book pretends to picture
ally and with a fair degree of penetration, and the the social and business life of New York City, con-
general atmosphere of the social life of the capital cerning which he has diligently informed himself by
is interestingly and almost brilliantly reproduced. feeding on the highly seasoned fare daily provided
“The Measure of the Rule” is a novel by Mr. by our most enterprising journalism. His method
Robert Barr. What the title means is a mystery seems to be that of taking at face value the wildest
that we have not been able to fathom ; the story may imaginings of the inventive reporter, multiplying
be easily described by saying that it is in substance by some such number as ten, and piling up the
an account of a year spent by the hero as a student product with cumulative effect. For the purpose
in the public normal school of a Western city. He impressing us with the sinful extravagance of the
has come from the farm, has been a country school predatory rich, he employs the simple expedient of
teacher, and wishes to become a civil engineer. setting down the price of everything mentioned,
Reaching the metropolis, he finds it impossible to from a lace handkerchief to a steam yacht. By
get the engineering training he wishes, and is per contrast with the warm color thus imparted to the
suaded by a chance acquaintance to enter the normal pages, the yellowest of ordinary journalism seems to
school instead. From this time on we are entertained have no more than a sickly lemon hue. It would be
by accounts of his experiences with the faculty, of ridiculous to take the book seriously as a social study,
his boarding-house life, and of his surreptitious ac and it has not even the merit of being a good story.
quaintance with a girl whom he wooes with amazing Even the possible romance that is hinted at now and
bluntness. As a study of the educational conditions then does not materialize, and we close the book with
of


1908.]
247
THE DIAL
the feeling that our time has been wasted upon a reproduced among the sixty full-page illustrations.
very dull tract.
These facts cast a little more light on Mr. Brinton's
Mr. London's effusion is quite as dull a tract as conception of the modern note in art. However, it
the other; it is mainly different because it prophesies is not fair to theorize too much about his choices,
an impossible future instead of depicting an unreal for he states distinctly that he is not writing to up-
present. A story has been going around the news hold any particular thesis, but is merely criticizing-
papers to the effect that the author recently signed or, to speak more accurately, characterizing — the
himself in some guest-book or other as “ Yours for work of each artist independently, trying to give a
the revolution,” and that a serious socialist whose sense of each man's individuality and of the environ-
name came next added the words, “ There ain't ment that moulded his work. Mr. Brinton is thus
going to be no revolution.” Really, this is about able to approach each painter with open mind and
all there is to say on the subject of “The Iron ready sympathy. His criticism is interesting in that
Heel" considered as a thesis. Viewed as a product it seizes so readily upon salient features and phrases
of the imagination, the book is also quite poverty, its conclusions so forcibly. Meunier is the apostle
stricken. It describes the earlier stages of the of democracy; Whistler, on the other hand, typifies
revolution which the author sees coming, and con the inevitable reaction - “the principle of aristoc-
siderately lets us know that the outbreak is only one racy reasserting itself.” Lenbach is “the rigorous
lustrum distant from the present year of grace. By analyst to whom beauty of colour was naught and
that time, the oligarchy will have got possession of character was everything," while Sargent is “in no
pretty nearly everything capable of ownership, and sense a painter of thought, or of feelings other than
the proletariat, rising in its might (and its greed) those which are plainly etched upon the human
will begin the process of taking it all away. The countenance,” his whole interest being in texture,
conflict will be very “ bluggy," and the author's form, and shape, — in the glorification of rich and
imagination riots in its details. Various points of beautiful externals. Such characterizations are dan-
the story are enforced by choice footnote citations gerous of course; they thrust forward one mood
from our current literature of discontent. Of course, or one set of qualities and ignore others equally
such books as this and the one previously discussed necessary to an exact delineation; but being always
have a mischievous influence upon unbalanced minds, crisply stated and copiously illustrated by plates,
and we cannot but deplore their multiplication. No whose generous number and fine quality are a telling
period of social unrest was ever more in need than feature of Mr. Brinton's book, these trenchant, deci-
the present of temperate discussion of the questions sive judgments will appeal particularly to the novice
that our rapid material growth has forced upon all in art-study. It is for such readers, who are interested
men's minds. Conciliation rather than strife, soft in interpretative rather than in technical criticism,
ness rather than bitterness of speech, should be the that “Modern Artists” is intended. Among popular
aims of all who really wish to help our civilization art books this has the further distinction of discussing
through the stressful years now at hand. And our several artists -such as Wiertz, the mad Belgian
civilization has no worse enemies than those who are painter, Arnold Böcklin, Répin, and Zuloaga
engaged in the truly devilish work of fomenting whose work is likely to be new to many readers, and
social dissension and arraying class against class. yet is of decided interest. The emphasis on portrait-
It is for this reason, far more than because of their ure is also unusual in books of this class.
slovenly neglect of the principles of literary work-
manship, that we think the two books now under Bonapartism
The historical importance which Mr.
and French
review deserving of the severest condemnation.
H. A. L. Fisher, in his essays on
liberalism.
Bonapartism” (Oxford Clarendon
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
Press), attributes to Napoleon's conversations at
St. Helena, raises questions of great interest. He
believes that Napoleon felt the need of harmonizing
his life with the requirements of French liberal-
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
ism,” and, to this end, spoke of himself as the
Mr. Christian Brinton does not state representative of the ideas of 1789. This conten-
Studies of
explicitly anywhere in his studies of tion Napoleon sought to substantiate by dictating, in
modern painters.
“ Modern Artists ” (Baker & Taylor 1820, a constitution for the hypothetical reign of
Co.) what constitutes his idea of modernity and Napoleon II., which should include liberties never
thereby his basis of selection. But in general his test conceded by him — liberty of the press, freedom
seems to be virility of insight and workmanship,
of insight and workmanship, from administrative tyranny, and parliamentary
a compelling personality, above all the power to control. He argued that the Empire had always
paint realities, whether ideal realities like Watts, meant peace, although in the search for a firm basis
rococo realities like Fragonard, or the stern reality of peace he had continually been baffled by the
of toil like Meunier and Segantini. Of the fourteen English. In the single essay where this matter is
artists discussed all are painters; eleven are still discussed, Mr. Fisher has not given himself room
living or have died within the present century; and enough to offer adequate evidence of the influence
all are figure painters, not a single landscape being of these conversations upon the public opinion of
66


248
[April 16,
THE DIAL
The great
France. He mentions merely the fact that the persons and places not always of savory sweetness,
journalist Armand Carrel was persuaded by them are faithfully given. There is also an excursion
that Napoleon was a liberal. He appears
also to into the domain of history, and another into the
believe that Louis Napoleon's book on “Napoleonic field of prophecy. A glimpse at least of the Korean
Ideas,” published in 1839, had some influence in problem is furnished by the following passage from
propagating the legend. In a later lecture on the the closing chapter: “The future of Korea and of
downfall of the Second Empire, he remarks that the Japanese Protectorate over Korea will inevitably
Napoleon III., in making the concessions which depend upon the action and reaction of three classes
opened the
way for the Liberal Empire, was moved, of factors. These are the attitude and behavior of
partly at least, by the feeling that he must be con other foreign nations ; the native capacity for self-
sistent with what he had set forth as the Napoleonic government and the actual conduct of the Koreans
system. The other lectures in the volume, covering themselves ; and the policy of Japan, not as a theory
the important phases of the subject to the final ruin or an experiment merely, but as embodied in indus-
of Bonapartism in 1870, are vigorous and suggestive tries, laws, institutions and other forms of practical
in
grasp of matter and style of treatment. This is effect.” The volume is well illustrated, and is in
especially true of the first, which shows wherein the every respect a valuable work of its kind.
Revolutionary movement was simply a persistence
of political habits formed under the Old Régime,
The great earthquake of April, 1906,
and how these tendencies smoothed the road of the California
which initiated such destruction in
master. But Mr. Fisher is mistaken in the view
earthquake.
the city of San Francisco and the
that even the early assemblies contented themselves adjoining regions, called forth a great variety of
with fixing the general principles of a legislative scientific and descriptive writing. President Jordan,
measure, leaving to the executive the duty of pro of Stanford University, has edited a volume con-
viding detailed regulations for their application. taining a collection of eight essays, which appears
One looks through the columns of Duvergier in vain
with the title “ The California Earthquake of 1906"
for evidence of this practice, and discovers, on the
(A. M. Robertson, San Francisco). With one excep-
contrary, that the Constituent assembly, for example, tion the essays have been printed previously, chiefly
was constantly encroaching upon executive functions, in scientific journals; but while written from the
instead of abandoning any of its proper work to the scientific point of view, they are invested with a
executive.
good degree of popular interest. Three of the writers
are members of the faculty of Stanford University,
An experienced Orientalist and a
The arousing
and one is of the University of California. Dr. Omori,
professional psychologist, Dr. George a member of the Imperial Earthquake Investigation
Kingdom.
Trumbull Ladd, has brought to the
Committee of Japan, and the inventor of a widely-
study of the Korean people and Korean problems an used type of earthquake recorder, writes on the cause
equipment possessed by no preceding visitor to the
of the earthquake. Professor Derleth, of the Uni-
Hermit Kingdom. His book, “In Korea with versity of California, occupies one-third of the book
Marquis Ito” (Scribner) is of course, from its very in describing the effects of the earth-movements upon
title, written rather from the Japanese than from the structures of various types, and draws some practi-
native or the Chinese point of view; but one cannot cal conclusions as to the safest ways of building for
turn its pages without being impressed by its pains- the future. The chief article, from the standpoint
taking endeavor to be impartial and truthful in
of geology, is written by Professor Gilbert of the
every particular. It has long been more than sus-
U. S. Geological Survey ; five of the other articles
pected that the press reports of Japanese high are primarily geological in aspect, but distinctly pop-
handedness in Korea were greatly exaggerated. ular in treatment. The concluding essay is by Mrs.
Marquis Ito, Resident-General, finding his adminis- Mary Austin, an accomplished magazine writer, who
tration greatly hampered and sadly misjudged in was one of the San Francisco victims, and describes
consequence of these sensational reports that only the human side of the catastrophe in a graphic and
reached him, tardily, by way of England or American picturesque way. The book is illustrated by a hun-
invited Professor Ladd, in the course of a lecture dred and twenty-five half-tone plates from photo-
tour in Japan a year ago, to spend some time at
graphs showing the scenes of the great disaster.
Seoul as his guest and to aid him in correcting the
false impressions made on the public; and also the
Dr. Mario Borsa's “The English
American visitor was to exert his influence, in
Stage of To-day," translated from
whatever way he might choose, toward promoting
the Italian by Mr. Selwyn Brinton
more cordial relations between the protected and and printed at the Bodley Head (John Lane Co.),
the protecting country, and toward “furthering for is an attempt, on the whole a successful one, to
the Koreans themselves the benefits which the exist- analyze present dramatic conditions and possibilities
ing relations of the two countries made it desirable in England. Incidental references are made to the
for both to secure.” In the almost five hundred American stage, and much that applies to England
pages of the book, a full account of Dr. Ladd's applies equally well to this country. As might be
experiences, and a sufficiently minute description of expected of a Continental critic, Dr. Borsa sees
of the Hermit
An Italian
critic of the
English stage.


1908.]
249
THE DIAL
a
6 The
much that calls for unqualified condemnation, much expert; the shorter book is avowedly for the use of a
that would almost lead a genuine lover of the theatre larger public, and yet little has been done to adapt
to despair of its intellectual elevation. We must all the style and form to this public, beyond the inser-
admit that the theatre has become commercialized tion of very mechanical foot-notes, sometimes almost
as fully as any other business enterprise, and that naïve in their information, and of a glossary like-
the financially profitable but artistically ruinous wise mechanical and not well chosen. The constant
system of " long runs" contrasts unfavorably with occurrence of rare and ultra-technical words - in
the more prevalent repertory of the Italian theatres. not a few cases apparently the creation of the
The censor, to the Italian critic, is an unmitigated author's scientific imagination and linguistic knowl-
evil, since the Anglo-Saxon conscience will have edge — and of long and involved sentences, is a
none of the plays that may show genius but not serious defect in the work. Nevertheless, it is
morals. The worst evil of all, however, is the great world-classic on its subject, and should be read by
British public, “artless, coarse-minded, dull-witted," everyone concerned with the education of youth,
whose taste has to be pandered to in order that the especially by high-school teachers and the parents of
play may have a run. Yet there are encouraging adolescent children.
features even on the English stage. The work of
Jones, Barrie, Pinero, and Shaw shows a marked An English
The point of view of the new English
advance over the rampant dulness of the mid-
biography biographer of Abraham Lincoln, Mr.
of Lincoln.
Victorian period. The achievements of the Stage
Henry Bryan Binns, is shown by the
Society and of the Court Theatre, which aim at the quotation from Whitman on his title-page,
production of intellectual plays regardless of their grandest figure yet on all the crowded canvas of the
commercial value, indicate that there is a strong
nineteenth century.” Mr. Binns has done an excel-
working minority with ideals and enthusiasm.
lent piece of biographical work, having written one
of the best-balanced and sanest of the innumerable
Corresponding to this intellectual minority, there
are in Ireland the founders of the Irish National
lives of Lincoln. There is evident advantage in his
Theatre, of whom Mr. W. B. Yeats is chief, who are
detachment from national and partisan considera-
trying with some success to rehabilitate the “dim
tions; he has been able to view the discussions and
kingdom of the unreal" in the Celtic past. Indeed,
strifes of the antebellum period, and the vexed
the great British public has always been logically questions and stirring events of the Civil War, apart
doomed by its Continental critics to produce a dull
from the prejudices derived from the uncritical
and heavy literature, and yet it has somehow man-
reading and study that largely shape the opinions
aged to create a literature which is the despair of
of every American youth. The result is a biography
these same critics. The cause is not yet lost.
of moderate compass that represents what in the
main must be the final summing up of the man and
. For teachers
Professor Stanley Hall's important his work in the annals of the world, the judgment
and parents of work on Adolescence, an epoch- of posterity upon“ the greatest of the popular states-
adolescent youth. marking if not epoch-making book men of the last century, the most notable among the
(reviewed at length in THE DIAL of August 16, leaders of the English-speaking democracy.” Mr.
1904), has been condensed and epitomized by the Binns has not attempted to hide the earlier unlovely
author into a single volume which appears with the phases of Lincoln's life, but has traced his develop-
new title “ Youth, its Education, Regimen, and ment out of them into the highest range of states-
Hygiene ” (Appleton). It is remarkable how large manship and character. The book is one of the
a proportion of the practically valuable matter of “Temple Biographies,” published in London by
the two large volumes has been packed into the Dent and in this country by E. P. Dutton & Co.
small one. Indeed, most teachers and parents
would do better to read the smaller than the larger
The rapidity with which science
compendium of
work; in the latter the uninitiated reader easily loses
comparative
advances, even in those fields of in-
his orientation, and is confused and misled by the anatomy. vestigation which are already well
mass of pathological material. Some of the most exploited, is significantly shown in the fact that the
important chapters are those on the Motor Powers ; treatises on comparative anatomy by Professor
Plays, Sports, and Games; Faults, Lies, and Crimes ; Robert Wiedersheim, of Freiburg in Baden, have,
The Growth of Social Ideals ; and finally that great under several different titles, passed through no less
declaration of revolt, Intellectual Education and than nine editions since 1882. A third English
School Work. It would have been well if some edition, based upon the latest German text, has
parts of the chapter on Sex Development in the been prepared by Professor W. N. Parker, with the
original work had been adapted and included in the collaboration of the author, and is published with
shorter volume; few topics stand more in need of the title “Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates”
wise and trustworthy popularization. It is to be re (Macmillan). It is somewhat abridged from the
gretted that the work was done so much with scissors. original German text, and has been again revised
President Hall's extraordinary learning and wealth by the author. It is quite unnecessary to comment
of ideas and expression amount to an actual obstacle upon either the comprehensive scholarship of the
in many places in the original work, to all except the author or the skill of the translator; for both are
An unrivalled


250
[April 16,
THE DIAL
lo
well known in the biological world. The work is we must no longer believe that a thick tumbler stands
without a rival in any language, and is unsurpassed hot water better than a thin one, that the color of green
as a complete and comprehensive compendium of
tea is produced by drying the leaves on a copper tray,
the more significant facts of comparative anatomy,
that falling stars are stars falling, that London cab-
an indispensable text for college and university use,
fares are doubled after midnight, or that turning the
and a valuable work of reference in the general suggests in his preface, none of his readers can be guilty
hands of a watch backwards damages it. As the author
library. The illustrations are very numerous and of believing all the fallacies in the book, and on the
excellent, though not always executed with the
other hand no one will fail to find there some of his pet
perfection found in the German original. This is delusions.
especially noticeable in the case of those cuts in “ Bradford's History of Plymouth Plantation ” has
which color-printing has been employed. The size just been added to the Original Narratives of Early
of the page has been somewhat reduced, resulting in American History” published by Messrs. Charles
a more convenient volume for the library shelf, but
Scribner's Sons. It is the sixth volume in that invalu-
crowding the margins beyond the limits of good
able collection of reprints, and has been edited by the
taste in book-making. The translation includes an
late William T. Davis, of Plymouth, who died a few
extensive bibliography of the subject, covering sixty- completed the task of seeing the book through the
months ago at the age of eighty-five, having nearly
eight closely set pages ; but even this contains only
press. Winthrop's Journal,” in two volumes, is also
the titles of the more prominent papers, and by no soon to appear in this series.
means all of these. It is doubtless an oversight that It seems curious, considering the prestige of Vasari's
the “ American Journal of Anatomy” is omitted “Lives of the Painters,” that the technical Introduction
from its proper place in these lists.
to the “Lives” should have escaped translation into
English until now. Miss Louisa S. Maclehose is respon-
Knowledge of
Not every college professor is so for-
sible for the first English version, for which Professor
the solar system tunate as to have his class lectures
G. Baldwin Brown furnishes notes and an interesting
down to date.
done into a sumptuously printed and preface. The volume, which is a thick octavo, lavishly
excellently illustrated volume, even after suitable illustrated, is published by Messrs. Dutton & Co.
revision to adapt them to a wider reading public. under the title “ Vasari on Technique." Vasari's text, .
This has happened to Dr. C. L. Poor, of Columbia
which is divided into three parts, headed respectively
University, whose book on “The Solar System”
Architecture, Sculpture, and Painting, consists in large
now fills a niche in Putnam's notable “Science part of practical directions about artistic materials and
Series." The work contains a solid substratum of
processes, intended for the enlightenment of both the
craftsman and the lay reader.
such historical matter regarding the sun and his
A text-book of “ Physiography for High Schools,”
family of attendant planets as one is accustomed to
by Professor Rollin D. Salisbury, is published by Messrs.
find in any well-ordered text-book on astronomy. Henry Holt & Co. in the “ American Science Series."
To this the author has added the results of a wide Professor Freeman used to say that the way to write a
reading of the latest researches, so that his treatment small book was to begin with a large book upon the
of his subject is brought well down to date. A same subject, and the opinion was undoubtedly sound.
special chapter is given to a popular explanation of
Professor Salisbury has thus qualified in the present
the ever-puzzling subject of the tides, together with instance by his share in the great three-volume
a brief account of Prof. George H. Darwin's theory Geology is Own Large Physiography." Not that the
of tidal evolution; but the author is not blind to the
present volume is a very small one, but only in compar-
fact that many things are likely to happen which
ison with its huge predecessors. It seems to us to be a
will keep this evolutionary process from bearing its
very good book indeed, admirably fitted to the needs of
full fruitage. As the planet Mars just now occupies advanced students in high schools, and richly illustrated
the centre of the astronomical stage, Dr. Poor has in the most attractive manner.
devoted two chapters to it, the second one being a Mr. Ernest H. Short's " History of Sculpture"
fair-minded though rather destructive criticism of (Dutton) is avowedly written for a purpose. Mr.
the latest theories concerning the existence of sen-
Short believes that true art is always the expression
tient life upon its ruddy face. Most practical and interpretation of national life, the individual artist
astronomers will agree with the statement (page being “no more than the crest of a wave in the sea of
231) that “very little is actually known in regard mental, emotional, and physical energy whence art
to the conditions existing on Mars."
arises.” As a background for an intelligent under-
standing of the sculpture of any age one must have,
then, an idea of its temper and tendencies. Such
conceptions Mr. Short endeavors to supply in brief
BRIEFER MENTION.
historical summaries and characterizations; and by thus
showing that beautiful marbles and bronzes have a
Mr. A. S. E. Ackermann has prepared and the J. B. vital relation to life, he hopes to arouse an interest in
Lippincott Co. has published a useful and amusing vol sculpture as a living art. His book covers the entire
ume entitled “ Popular Fallacies." In it many of man's ground from the rise of the sculptor's art in Greece
pet beliefs and theories are subjected to searching through the work of the French and British schools of
scientific analysis and proved to be either carelessly the nineteenth century. Few biographical data are
mis-stated or utterly false. The fallacies disproved are given, and attention is paid only to the most character-
of the most miscellaneous character. We are shown that istic works of each artist.


1908.]
251
THE DIAL
NOTES.
published by the company in certain special fields,
many of these lists comprise important sections of the
“ Justice to the Jew," by the Rev. Madison C. Peters, bibliographies of their particular subjects. They are so
is published in a new and revised edition by the McClure compact as to be much more convenient for ordinary
Co., the original edition having appeared nine years ago. use than the large general catalogue. We understand
A second edition of the Rev. Francis Aidon Gasquet's that these lists are supplied without charge.
“ The Black Death," an important work which has for “Critical Essays of the Seventeenth Century,” edited
some years been out of print, is now published by The by Dr.J.E. Spingarn, adjunct professor of Comparative
Macmillan Co.
Literature in Columbia University, New York, is an-
«The Tempest,
;" «The Winter's Tale," and “Othello" nounced by the Oxford University Press. The aim of
are three new volumes in the “ First Folio" Shakespeare, this work, which will be in three volumes, is to collect
edited by the Misses Porter and Clarke, and pubīished all the material (save the writings of Dryden) necessary
by Messrs. Thomas Y. Crowell & Co.
for a thorough study of the development of English crit-
The Carnegie Library of Pittsburg has issued a very icism in the seventeenth century, and to make this devel-
useful catalogue of books suitable for the reading of opment more intelligible by annotation and comment.
children in our elementary schools. They are classified The fourth annual meeting of the American Political
by grades, and still further classified by subject under Science Association was held at Madison during the
each grade. The titles are briefly annotated, and there Christmas holidays of last year, and the Proceedings
is a complete index of authors and titles.
are now published by the Waverly Press, Baltimore.
Mr. Clement K. Shorter is authority for the state Six groups of papers are included, having for their
ment that the author of “ Confessio Medici,” published respective subjects the Latin American republics, Colo-
anonymously, is Dr. Stephen Paget, author of “Our nial government, the making and revision of law, the
Young People.” Dr. Paget is a distinguished London newer institutional forms of democracy, the administra-
physician and a son of the famous Sir James Paget, tion of punitive justice, and public service commissions.
surgeon to Queen Victoria and King Edward.
Messrs. Little, Brown & Co. have added four volumes
Goya is the subject of the latest volume in Mr. to their series of popular-priced reprints of recent copy-
Albert F. Calvert's "Spanish Series ” of picture-books. righted fiction : "Sappho,” by Alphonse Daudet, trans-
Over six hundred examples of the artist's work are given lated by George Burnham Ives; A. B. Ward's “ The
in the illustrative half of the volume. These supple Sage Brush Parson ”; “Mistress Brent,” by Lucy
ment the two hundred pages of text in a comprehensive Meacham Thruston; and “ By the Good Sainte Anne,'
way.
The series is published by the John Lane Co. by Anna Chapin Ray. Print, paper, and binding are all
A recent addition to the famous “ Tauchnitz” library of good quality, and the series will appeal to readers
which is of special interest on this side of the water, is who are willing to save money by waiting a little for
“A Manual of American Literature," the work of the their new novels.
professors of the English department at Cornell, under What will doubtless prove one of the most important
the editorial supervision of Mr. Theodore Stanton. publications of the coming Fall is a biography of the
Messrs. Putnam's Sons will publish the volume in this late Richard Mansfield, now being prepared by Mr. Paul
country.
Wilstach. Mr. Wilstach was for ten years associated
Mr. Thomas B. Mosher has chosen « The Hound of with Mr. Mansfield's management and was his intimate
Heaven,” possibly the late Francis Thompson's most friend. In preparing the book he has had the coöpera-
beautiful poem, for Spring publication in the unique tion of Mrs. Mansfield, who has put at his disposal all
style characteristic of his press. The edition, which is her husband's papers and correspondence. Portions of
limited, is printed on Van Gelder paper, and may be the work will appear serially in “Scribner's Magazine"
had in paper, boards, or vellum binding. Mr. Mosher before its publication in book form.
contributes an appreciative note to the edition.
As new volumes come to us in the “Shakespeare
The fourth publication of the Club for Colonial Library” of Messrs. Duffield & Co., we are consider-
Reprints, of Providence, R. I., will appear this month. ably impressed by the magnitude and scope of this
It consists of a reprint in facsimile from the original new publishing enterprise. Just now we have at hand
edition published in Philadelphia in 1772 of the “ Invi four new volumes in the “old-spelling " section of
tation Serieuse aux Habitants des Illinois, by Un the series, giving us “ A Midsommer Nights Dreame,”
Habitant des Kaskaskias." Messrs. C. W. Alvord and « The Comedie of Errors," Twelfe Night,” and “The
C. E. Carter, of the University of Illinois, have edited Two Gentlemen of Verona.” Mr. F.J. Furnivall edits
the publication.
the first of the four, and Mr. W. G. Boswell-Stone the
A volume of “Stories of Wagner Operas Told for remaining three. Another volume of the Library gives
Children,” by Miss Elizabeth M. Wheelock, is pub us Brooke's “Romeus and Juliet," edited by Mr. J.J.
lished by the Bobbs-Merrill Co. Seven of the eleven Munro, and still another adds “A Midsummer Night's
music-dramas are put into simple narrative form, and the Dream” to the section entitled “The Lamb Shakespeare
book is assuredly a contribution to the every-child-should-' | for the Young."
know literature of which we get so many examples Mr. J. Logie Robertson has edited “The Complete
nowadays. A fluffier swan than was ever seen upon Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell," and the result
any stage prettily decorates the cover.
is a single handsome volume published by Mr. Henry
An innovation in cataloguing that will commend itself Frowde in his “Oxford" series of English poets. Mr.
to students and readers in special fields has recently Robertson's opinion of Campbell is expressed by record-
been made by The Macmillan Company. This consists ing “a feeling of surprise and indignation that he is at
in a series of Check Lists, each list containing a com present so much neglected,” and “the conviction that a
plete enumeration of books published by this firm on a later generation will do more honour to his memory
given subject. Owing to the large number of books than we have done.” This denotes the right sort of
66


252
[April 16,
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 101 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
My Day and Generation. By Clark E. Carr. Ilus., 8vo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 452. A. C. McClurg & Co. $3 net.
Victoria, the Woman. By Frank Hird. Illus., 8vo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 410. D. Appleton & Co. $2.50 net.
John Sherman: His Life and Public Services. By Winfield S.
Kerr. In_2 vols., with portraits, 8vo, gilt tops, uncut,
Boston: Sherman, French & Co. $4 net.
Lives of Great English Writers from Chaucer to Browning.
By Walter S. Hinchman and Francis B. Gummere. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 569. Houghton, Miffin & Co. $1.50 net.
The Life of Antonio Rosmini-Serbati. Trans. from the Italian
of G. B. Pagani. With portrait, 8vo, gilt top, uncut,
E. P. Dutt Co. $1.50 net.
Walt Whitman. By Bliss Perry. Revised edition; 12mo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 333. Houghton, Mimin & Co. $1.50 net.
pp. 880.
pp. 491.
pp. 501.
HISTORY
A History of Modern Liberty. By James Mackinnon. Vol.
III., The Struggle with the Stuarts, 1603-1604. 8vo, uncut,
Longmans, Green, & Co. $5 net.
The Continental Congress at Princeton. By Varnum Lansing
Collins. With engraved portrait, Svo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 295. Princeton, N. Y.: The University Library. $3 net.
The Mother of California. By Arthur Walbridge North; with
Introduction by Cyrus C. Adams. Illus., 8vo, gilt top.
uncut, pp. 169. Paul Elder & Co. $2 net.
The Development of Modern Europe: An Introduction to the
Study of Current History. By James Harvey Robinson
and Charles A. Beard. In 2 vols., 12mo, pp. 810. Ginn &
Co. $3.10 net.
The Dawn of the Constitution; or, The Reigns of Henry III.
and Edward I. By James H. Ramsay. With maps and
illus., 8vo. pp. 591. Macmillan Co. $2.75 net.
The Cherokee Indians: With Special Reference to Their Re-
lation with the United States Government. By Thomas
Valentine Parker. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 116.
New York: Grafton Press. $1.25 net.
editorial equipment, provided enthusiasm does not go
far enough to destroy the balance of judgment. The
“ later generation” of which the editor speaks will not
be likely to read extensively either “The Pleasures of
Hope” or “Gertrude of Wyoming," but it will make a
great mistake if it forgets some of the patriotic songs
and ballads.
Four contributions from American writers appear in
the April issue of “The Hibbert Journal." One of
these, “The Dualism of St. Augustine,” is by Mr. Paul
E. More, the literary editor of the New York Nation.'
Another is entitled “Religious Transition and Ethical
Awakening in America,” by Professor Arthur 0.
Lovejoy, at present lecturer in philosophy at Columbia
University. A third is from the pen of Professor Frank
Thilly, of Cornell University, and deals with “The
World View of a Poet: Goethe's Philosophy.” The
last is “ British Exponents of Pragmatism,” by Dr. E. B.
M'Gilvary, Professor of Philosophy in the Univetsity of
Wisconsin. Messrs. Sherman, French & Co. of Boston
are now the authorized agents of “The Hibbert Journal”
in this country.
It will be good news to students of political economy,
who are not college graduates, that the bars have been
let down this year in the Hart, Schaffner & Marx com-
petition for the best essays on economics. Heretofore
the prizes have been restricted to those possessing a
college degree. This year that restriction is removed,
and now men and women who have not had university
advantages may compete. Moreover, since most of
them would feel at a disadvantage in such a contest,
another and special contest for them alone has been
instituted. They may have their choice. The trustees
also announce that the contestants are not limited to
the subjects suggested, though any other subject chosen
must first be approved by the board as worth while.
The first prizes in the three classes are $600, $300,
and $500. Professor J. Laurence Laughlin of the
University of Chicago is the Chairman of the committee
which has charge of the competition. All essays which
are awarded prizes are subsequently brought out in book
form, five already having been published by Messrs.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Company announce the
forthcoming incorporation of their firm under the laws
of Massachusetts and under the name of Houghton
Mifflin Company, for the continuation of the business of
manufacturing and publishing books, founded by Henry
Oscar Houghton more than fifty years ago.
This will
involve no change in the management or conduct of the
business, the present partners retaining their full interest
and active participation. Mr. James Duncan Phillips,
Mr. Stephen B. Davol, Mr. Roger L. Scaife, Mr. Edward
R. Houghton, and Mr. George Harrison Mifflin, Jr.,
who have been actively associated with the business for
several years, will be members of the new corporation;
the two first named being managers of the Educational
Department. “The Atlantic Monthly," which has been
published by the house since 1873, will hereafter, begin-
ning with the August number, be published by The
Atlantic Monthly Company, of which Mr. Ellery Sedg-
wick, Mr. Waldo E. Forbes, Mr. MacGregor Jenkins,
and Mr. Roger Pierce will be members, Houghton
Mifflin Company retaining an important interest. No
change in the character or general conduct of the mag-
azine is contemplated. Mr. Bliss Perry continues as
editor, and the magazine will still be printed at The
Riverside Press, and issued from 4 Park Street, Boston.
tor."
GENERAL LITERATURE.
The Making of Personality. By Bliss Carman. With frontis-
piece, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 375. L. C. Page & Co.
$1.50.
Aspects of George Meredith, By Richard H. P. Curle. With
portrait, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 309. E. P. Dutton &
Co. $2 net.
A History of Literary Criticism in the Renaissance. By J. E.
Spingarn. Revised edition; 16mo, uncut, pp. 350. Mac-
millan Co. $1.50 net.
On the Training of Parents. By Ernest Hamlin Abbott.
12mo, pp. 141. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1 net.
Studies in New England Transcendentalism. By Harold Clarke
Goddard. Svo, pp. 217. "Columbia University Studies in
English." Macmillan Co. Paper, $1 net.
Ideas of a Plain Country Woman. By the "Country Contribu-
12mo, pp. 235. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1 net.
Love and Life and Other Studies. By Alfred Kreymborg.
12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 65. New York: Grafton Press.
$1 net.
VERSE AND DRAMA.
The Dynasts: A Drama of the Napoleonic Wars, in Three
Parts. By Thomas Hardy. Part III., 12mo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 355. Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
Hannele: A Dream Poem. By Gerhart Hauptmann; trans.
by Charles Henry Meltzer. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 101.
Doubleday, Page & Co. $1 net.
An Ode in Commemoration of the Founding of the Massa-
chusetts Bay Colony, in the Year 1623. By Madison
Cawein. 12mo, pp. 25. Louisville, Ky.: John P. Mor-
ton & Co.
The Dark Ages and Other Poems. By "L" 12mo, uncut,
Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.
The Love Sonnets of a Car Conductor, By Wallace Irwin.
With frontispiece, 12mo. Paul Elder & Co. 50 cts. net.
pp. 88.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE,
The Complete Poetical Works of Edmund Spenser. Edited by
R. E. Neil Dodge. With portrait in photogravure, 8vo,
gilt top, pp. 852. "Cambridge Edition." Houghton,
Miffin & Co. $3.
The Works of Alfred, Lord Tennyson. Annotated by Alfred
Tennyson and edited by Hallam Tennyson. Vol. II., 12mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 586. "Eversley Edition." Mac-
millan Co. $1.50 net.
Coleridge's Literary Criticism. With Introduction by J. W.
Mackail. 16mo, pp. 266. London: Henry Frowde.


1908.]
253
THE DIAL
pp. 322.
FICTION.
Prisoners of Chance: The Story of What Betell Geoffrey
Benteen, Borderman, through his Love for a Lady of
France. By Randall Parrish. Illus. in color, 12mo, pp.
423. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.50.
The Heart of the Red Firs. By Ada Woodruff Anderson.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 313. Little, Brown & Co. $1.50.
The Coast of Chance. By Esther and Lucia Chamberlain.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 465. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.50.
The Sentimental Adventures of Jimmy Bulstrode. By Marie
van Vorst. Illus., 12mo, uncut, pp. 374. Charles Scrib-
ner's Sons. $1.50.
The Barrier. By Rex Beach. Illus. in tint, 12mo, pp. 310.
Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
The Man Who Was Thursday: A Nightmare. By G. K.
Chesterton 12mo, pp. 281. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50.
Boeing England with Uncle John. By Anne Warner. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 492. Century Co. $1.50.
Love's Logic and Other Stories. By Anthony Hope. 12mo,
McClure Co. $1.25.
Home from Sea. By George S. Wasson. Illus., .12mo, pp.
334. Houghton, Miffin & Co. $1.50.
The Fair Moon of Bath. By Elizabeth Ellis. With frontis-
piece in color, 12mo, pp. 342. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50.
Into the Primitive. By Robert Ames Bennet. Illus. in color,
12mo, pp. 319. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.50.
The Old Room. By Carl Ewald; trans. by Alexander Teixeira
de Mattos. 12mo, pp. 317. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25.
The Bond. By Neith Boyce. 12mo, pp. 426. Duffield & Co.
$1.50.
The Vigil. By Harold Begbie. 12mo, pp. 392. Dodd, Mead &
Co. $1.50.
The Man of Yesterday. By Mary Holland Kinkaid. Illus. in
color, 12mo, pp. 318. Frederick A. Stokes Co. $1.50.
The Four-pools Mystery. Anonymous. With frontispiece, 12mo,
pp. 336.
Century Co. $1.50.
His First Loave. By L. Allen Harker. 12mo, uncut, pp. 309.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
The Belle Islers. By Richard Brinsley Newman. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 423.
Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co. $1.50.
The Chorus Lady. By John W. Harding, based on the play
of James Forbes. Illus., 12mo, pp. 329. G. W. Dilling.
ham Co. $1.50.
The Dissolving Circle. By Will Lilllbridge. With frontis-
piece in color, 12mo, uncut, pp. 314. Dodd, Mead & Co.
$1.50.
Her Ladyship. By Katherine Tynan. With frontispiece, 12mo,
A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.50.
The Call of the South. By Robert Lee Durham. Illus., 12mo,
L. C. Page & Co. $1.50.
Katherino Trevalyan. By Louise Maunsell Field. 12mo, pp.
347. McClure Co. $1.50.
old Mr. Davenant's Money. By Frances Powell.
12mo, pp.
328. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
The Tenants: An Episode of the Eightles. By Mary S.
Watts. 12mo, pp. 313. McClure Co. $1.50.
Matthew Porter. By Gamaliel Bradford, Jr. With frontis-
piece in color, 12mo, pp. 419. L. C. Page & Co. $1.50.
In the Potter's House. By George Dyre Eldridge. 12mo, pp.
338. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.50.
The Nun. Trans. from the French of René Bazin.
12mo, pp.
243. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.
Lord of the World. By Robert Hugh Benson. 12mo, pp. 352.
Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50.
The Castle of Dawn. By Harold Morton Kramer. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 407. Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co. $1.50.
The Round Up. By John Murray and Mills Miller, based on
the play of Edmund Day. Illus., 12mo, pp. 344. G. W.
Dillingham Co. $1.50.
The Clutch of Circumstance. By James Barnes. Illus., 12mo,
D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
The Virgin Widow. By Randal Charlton. 12mo, pp. 308.
G. W. Dillingham Co. $1.50.
Prince Charlie. By Burford Delannoy. With frontispiece,
12mo, pp. 318. R. F. Fenno & Co. $1 net.
Go to It. By Hugh McHugh. Illus., 16mo, pp. 113. G. W.
Dillingham Co. 75 cts.
Popular Editions of Recent Fiction. New vols.: Sappho,
by Alphonse Daudet, trans. by George Burnham Ives;
The Sage Brush Parson, by A. B. Ward; Mistress Brent,
by Lucy Meacham Thruston; By the Good Sainte Anne, by
Anna Chapin Ray. Each with frontispiece, 12mo, Little,
Brown & Co. Per vol., 75 cts.
RELIGION AND THEOLOGY.
Authority, Ecclesiastical and Biblical. By Francis J. Hall.
12mo, pp. 300. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.50 net.
Passing Protestantism and Coming Catholicism. By Newman
Smyth. 12mo, pp. 209. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1 net.
The Great Salvation: A Gospel for the Day. By P. Wilson.
12mo, pp. 281. Jennings & Graham. $1.25 net.
The Mother the Child's First Bible Teacher. By
Mary J.
Chisholm Foster. 16mo, pp. 32. Jennings & Graham.
25 cts. net.
The Christian View of Childhood. By W. S. Edwards. 16mo,
pp. 27. Jennings & Graham. 25 cts. net.
POLITICS-ECONOMICS-SOCIOLOGY.
Gold, Prices, and Wages under the Greenback Standard. By
Wesley Clair Mitchell. With charts, large 8vo, pp. 632.
Berkeley: The University Press. Paper, $5 net.
State and Local Taxation: Addresses and Proceedings of the
First National Conference, under the Auspices of the
National Tax Association, Columbus, Ohio, November, 1907.
8vo, pp. 675. Macmillan Co. $4 net.
The Bank and the Troasury: Bank Capitalization and the
Problem of Elasticity. By Frederick A. Cleveland. Re-
vised edition; 12mo, pp. 371. Longmans, Green, & Co.
$2 net.
Proceedings of the American Political Science Association at
its Fourth Annual Meeting, held at Madison, Wisconsin,
December 27-31, 1907. Baltimore: Waverly Bros. $2 net.
NATURE AND OUTDOOR LIFE.
Leaf and Tendril. By John Burroughs. With portrait, 12mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 288. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.10
net.
Trees in Nature, Myth, and Art. By J. Ernest Phythian.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 303. George W. Jacobs & Co. $1.50 net.
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
Fritzi; or, The Princess Perhaps. By Agnes McClelland Daul.
ton. Illus., 12mo, pp. 417. Century Co. $1.50.
The Wonder Book of the Atmosphere. By_Edwin J. Houston.
Illus., in color, etc. 12mo, pp. 326. Frederick A. Stokes
Co. $1.50.
The Yale Cup. By Albertus T. Dudley. Illus., 12mo, pp. 301.
Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co. $1.25.
Stories of Wagner Operas Told for Children. By Elizabeth M.
Wheelock. With frontispiece, 12mo, gilt top, pp. 208.
Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.25.
Dave Porter in the Far North. By Edward Stratemeyer.
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254
[April 16,
THE DIAL
Economic Prizes
FIFTH YEAR
In order to arouse an interest in the study of topics relating to commerce and industry, and to
stimulate those who have a college training to consider the problems of a business career, a committee
composed of
Professor J. Laurence Laughlin, University of Chicago, Chairman;
Professor J. B. Clark, Columbia University;
Professor Henry C. Adams, University of Michigan;
Horace White, Esq., New York City, and
Hon. Carroll. D. Wright, Clark College,
have been enabled, through the generosity of Messrs. Hart, Schaffner & Marx, of Chicago, to offer in 1909
prizes under two general heads. Attention is expressly called to a new rule that a competitor is not
confined to subjects mentioned in this announcement; but any other subject chosen must first be approved
by the Committee.
I. Under the first head are suggested herewith a few subjects intended primarily for
those who have had an academic training ; but the possession of a degree is not required
of any contestant, nor is any age
limit set.
1. German and American methods of regulating trusts.
2. The logic of “ Progress and Poverty.'
3. What are the ultimate ends of trade-unions, and can these be gained by any application of the
principles of monopoly?
4. In view of the existing railway progress, should the United States encourage the construction of
waterways?
5. Is it to be expected that the present and recent production of gold will cause a higher level of prices?
Under this head, CLASS A includes any American without restriction; and Class B includes only
those who, at the time the papers are sent in, are undergraduates of any American college. Any member
of Class B may compete for the prizes of CLASS A.
A First Prize of Six Hundred Dollars, and
A Second Prize of Four Hundred Dollars
are offered for the best studies presented by Class A, and
A First Prize of Three Hundred Dollars, and
A Second Prize of Two Hundred Dollars
are offered for the best studies presented by CLASS B. The committee reserves to itself the right to
award the two prizes of $600 and $400 of Class A to undergraduates in Class B, if the merits of the
papers demand it.
II. Under the second head are suggested some subjects intended for those who may
not have had academic training, and who form Class C.
1. The best scheme for uniform corporation accounts.
2. Desirable methods of improving our trade with China.
3. The proper spheres of the trust company and the commercial bank.
4. The relations of oriental immigration to American industries.
5. The relative efficiency of American and European labor in manufacturing industries.
One Prize of Five Hundred Dollars
is offered for the best study presented by Class C; but any member of Class C may compete in CLASS A.
The ownership of the copyright of successful studies will vest in the donors, and it is expected that, without pre-
cluding the use of these papers as theses for higher degrees, they will cause them to be issued in some permanent form.