- The Carnegie Library of The Pennsylvania State College Class No. 0 51. Book No. 1.54 1895 2308 Accession No.93378 24 ܦ THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Fournal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information VOLUME XLIX. JULY 1 to DECEMBER 16, 1910 CHICAGO THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS 1910 ... 05/ D 54 V. 49 July-Dec, 1910 10 INDEX TO VOLUME XLIX. PAGE . 9 . . . . ALASKA TO DARIEN Charles Atwood Kofoid AMERICA, A FRIEND OF AMERICAN ACADEMY, THE AMERICAN CLASSICS, Two RECENT Charles Leonard Moore . AMERICAN EDUCATOR, A GREAT Lewis A. Rhoades ARCHITECTURAL BACKGROUND OF LITERATURE, THE ART, THE LAW AND GOSPEL OF Frederick W. Gookin AMERICAN VERSE, SOME VOLUMES OF William Morton Payne ANT, GOING TO THE Charles Atwood Kofoid ARTIST, A CELEBRATED, DIVERTING DIGRESSIONS OF Percy F. Bicknell BARRISTER, MEMOIRS OF A PUSHFUL BEAUTY OF THE WORLD, THE . Edward E. Hale, Jr. BOCCACCIO AND HIS DECAMERON . H. W. Boynton BOOKS OF THE FALL SEASON, 1910 CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE Lane Cooper CANADA, THE NAVAL CONQUEST OF Lawrence J. Burpee “ CHANTECLER IN ENGLISH Lewis Piaget Shanks CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT, TALKS ON Paul Shorey CHATEAUBRIAND IN ENGLAND. Warren Barton Blake CHINA'S “OLD BUDDHA” Payson J. Treat CIVIL WAR, A CONFEDERATE's HISTORY OF THE James M. Garnett CULTURE, THE MYSTERY OF DRAMA, CURRENT, VARIETY IN Richard Barton DRAMA, DOING SOMETHING FOR THE DRAMAS, SOME RECENT Anna Benneson McMahan: DUAL PERSONALITY, THE STORY OF A Percy F. Bicknell ENGLISH TEACHER, REMINISCENCES OF AN Henry E. Bourne FANATIC, AN ILLUSTRIOUS W. H. Johnson FICTION, A GUIDE-BOOK TO Henry Seidel Canby FICTION AND FACT FICTION, RECENT William Morton Payne FICTION, THE FIELD OF Stephen Faunce Sears FRANCE, ANATOLE Henry Seidel Canby. FRENCH LITERATURE, NEW STUDIES IN Richard Burton FRENCH REVOLUTION, A RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONARY ON THE Henry E. Bourne GALAHAD, A, OF THE MARKET-PLACE Percy F. Bicknell GERMANY IN AMERICA W. H. Carruth GERMAN ROMANTICISM, AN ENGLISH TREATMENT OF Allen Wilson Porterfield GIFTED WOMAN, MEMORIALS OF A Annie Russell Marble GROVE'S DICTIONARY COMPLETED . George P. Upton . HISTORICAL WRITING, A NEW THING IN Charles Leonard Moore . HISTORY, GENERAL, AN AMERICAN SERIES OF Ephraim D. Adams . HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS, 1910 . INDIAN, THE, AND HIS PROBLEM Fayette Avery McKenzie LABOR IN AMERICA, A HISTORY OF M. B. Hammond . LAKE GEORGE AND LAKE CHAMPLAIN Lawrence J. Burpee . LANDSCAPE PAINTER, THE, IN LIFE AND LITERATURE Charles Leonard Moore LITERARY LOVES AND HATES, OUR LITERATURE, ORIGINALITY IN Charles Leonard Moore. LONDON, A CHILD OF THE ORIENT IN Percy F. Bicknell MODJESKA IN POLAND AND AMERICA Percy F. Bicknell MOTLEY, THE FAMILY LIFE OF William Elliot Griffis MUSIC IN ENGLAND Louis James Block MUSIC, MEANINGS OF Louis James Block MUSSET, THE CENTENARY OF Lewis Piaget Shanks NATURE'S GAME OF HIDE-AND-SEEK T. D. A. Cockerell NATURE'S WALKING DELEGATES May Estelle Cook ODD-JOB MAN, LIFE STORY OF AN Percy F. Bicknell 65 3 505 105 35 53 281 91 11 464 60 462 178 167 61 9 84 375 271 518 180 27 522 260 68 327 232 325 380 169 39, 286 11 507 14 90 32 13 374 176 284 372 285 524 228 235 89 447 79 319 226 370 67 333 234 363 33 520 110 . . . . 469, . . . • INDEX ui. . Warren Barton Blake Percy F. Bicknell Percy F. Bicknell William Morton Payne Ephraim Douglass Adams Frederick W. Gookin Clark S. Northup John Bascom Joseph H. Crooker . PARIS, THE NEWEST BOOK OF PEACEMAKER, LIFE OF A STRENUOUS PEARY, TO THE POLE WITH PEOPLE'S PERSONALITY, A POET OF THE WORLD, A Poets, Two. POLK, PRESIDENT PRINTSELLER, A VETERAN, NOTES OF PROSE IN AMERICA, MASTERS OF PUBLICIST, A, OF Two NATIONS RELIGIOUS HISTORY, A HANDBOOK OF RIGHTEOUSNESS, A PROPHET OF ROMANTICISM IN LITERATURE AND LIFE ROOSEVELT'S JUNGLE BOOK. SEVENTEENTH CENTURY LYRISTS, GREATEST OF THE SHAW, MR., BY AND ABOUT “SICHELIZING,” THE GENTLE ART OF “SMITH, APPRAISED BY SOCIAL REGENERATION, TWENTY YEARS OF SOUTH, A LITERARY HISTORY OF THE SOUTH, PROBLEMS OF THE: AN AMERICAN VIEW SOUTH, PROBLEMS OF THE: AN ENGLISH VIEW TRADITIONS, THE, AND THE NEW AGE TOLSTOY TOLSTOY'S ATTITUDE TOWARD THE WOMAN PROBLEM UNRETICENT MEMOIRS, A VOLUME OF VENICE IN HER DECADENCE WORLD, THE, AND MR. CHESTERTON PAGE 466 8 280 217 455 317 376 467 37 514 334 361 329 173 87 283 115 175 459 331 112 114 219 445 449 85 515 230 . Lewis Piaget Shanks Percy F. Bicknell James W. Tupper Edith Kellogg Dunton W. L. Cross Charles H. Caffin W. H. Carruth Killis Campbell David Y. Thomas Walter L. Fleming Charles Leonard Moore . . . . Amalie K. Boguslawsky Margaret C. Anderson H. C. Chatfield-Taylor Edith Kellogg Dunton . ANNOUNCEMENTS OF FALL Books, 1910 . CASUAL COMMENT BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. BRIEFER MENTION NOTES TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS Lists OF NEW BOOKS SEASON's BookS FOR THE YOUNG, 1910 . 189, 243 5, 29, 56, 81, 108, 170, 221, 275, 331, 366, 451, 510 15, 43, 69, 93, 117, 183, 238, 289, 335, 384 18, 45, 72, 96, 120, 186, 292, 387 19, 45, 73, 96, 121, 187, 242, 293, 338, 388, 482, 534 20, 74, 121, 248, 340, 483 20, 46, 74, 97, 122, 248, 294, 340, 389, 484, 535 477, 534 . CASUAL COMMENT PAGE Academicism, The Reproach of. 510 Advertising Mystery, An.. 172 Aeronautical Effects in Literature. 277 A. L. A. Conference for 1911 in California. 368 American Poet, A Forgotten.... 451 Anglicism, A Minor, The Persistence of. Authorship, An Indignant Denial of. 83 Aviator, The First. 512 Balzac, Pungent Utterances from. 453 Beauty in Words, The Sensuous. 222 Biographies of Public Men, Season's Abundance of.. 453 Book Business, Season's Prospects in the.. 322 Book Circulation, A Question of Briskness in. 275 Book-Fund-How to Make It Go the Furthest. 221 Books, A Mountain of. 512 Books Read by the Masses.. 110 Boys' Story, A Thousand-Dollar Prize for the Best.. 83 Buckham, Matthew H., Death of. 511 Burr, Charles H., Death of. 511 California Conception of Library News, The. 367 Chaucer Society, The End of the.. 513 Chesterton, Mr., The Fluent Pen of... 56 Chinese Student's Reasonable Request, A. 221 PAGE Classics, A Railroad Test of the Popularity of the.. 109 Classics in the Slums, The.. 366 Clemens, Samuel, Statue of, in Heidelberg. 109 College Curriculum, Ramifications of the. 368 College Student, The, of a Century Ago. Cryptograms, The Latest Thing in. 368 Dickens Testimonial Stamp, The Proposed. 172 Dictionary, A, That Is Costing a Fortune. 172 Educational Methods, Annual Overhauling of Our.. 30 English Classic, Tercentenary Celebration of an.... 512 English Liking of American Novels, Two Reasons for 109 English Prose Style, Fatty Degeneration in Our. 367 English Publishing Season, An Event in the.. 108 Esperanto, A New Claim for. 171 Eye-Strain among Librarians. 222 Fiction, A Continuous Performance in 172 Fiction, Distractions from the Serious Pursuit of. 31 Fiction, Endless Evolution of the Work of.. 5 Fiction, The Immoral Note in.. 221 "Find," A Real, by a Publisher's Reader. 81 Fuller, Chief Justice, Death of. 29 Gaskell, Mrs., The Centenary of. 172 Genius and Madness. 512 43378 iv. INDEX PAGE Gift Books, A Suggestion to Buyers of.. 510 Greatness, Glimpses of. 276 Hall of Fame, The Eleven New Admissions to the.. 366 Hay, John, A Splendid Tribute to the Memory of.. 277 Hay Memorial Library, Dedication of the... 451 Homer's Undying Charm.. 453 Humane Literature, The Circulation of. 6 Intellectual Precocity, Two Instances of. 222 Interbibliothecal Rivalry 109 Japanese Conception of Poetry, The. 275 Jersey City Public Library Historical Exhibition.. 172 Journalist, the College-Bred, Advent of. 322 King, The, and the Man of Letters.. 30 Learning, The Oldest Institution of, in the World.. 108 Lefferts Collection of Pope's Works, The. 223 Librarian, The Who Writes.. 222 Librarians, Recreations of. 57 Libraries, Specializing in... 322 Library Books, Demand for the Latest. 511 Library Development from Year to Year. 56 Library Record of Forty Years, Close of a. 276 Library Science and Bibliography in Italy. 366 Library, The Dispersal of a Great... 321 Library, The Lure Away from the. 57 Library Workers, The Classification of. 452 Literary Censorship, Freaks of. 366 Literary Free-Lance, The Exhilarating Tilt of the. 6 Literary Masquerading, An Instance of. 453 Literary Talent, Pecuniary Encouragement for. 109 "Meek, George," The Identity of 31 Military Novels, A Maker of.. 276 Morley, John, Writer and Statesman. 453 Municipal Blunder, A, and a Lost Library. 6 New England Antiquities, Preservation of. 82 Newspaper of Newspapers, A. 452 Nobel Prize for Literature, This Year's Winner of. 452 Novel, The Partnership.. 322 Novelist, The Ripening of a. 171 Octogenarian College Student, An 223 Oxford Movement, The New.. 275 PAGE Parker, Theodore, as a Political Philosopher. 5 Pastime, The Profits of. 512 Peary, Commander, A Chilly Comment on the Book of 367 Periodical Poetry of the Year, The. 511 Poem, The Best Liked.. 511 Poets, The Unpoetic Appearance of Some. 6 Polite Learning, Utilitarian Substitutes for. 30 Post-Prandial Blunder, The Story of a. 170 Pragmatist, Our Lamented, The Vogue of. 222 Psychology, A Popularizer of... 170 Publicity for Public Libraries.. 109 Public-Library Red Tape, A Superfluous Yard of. 30 Public Library, The, A Public Panacea.. 510 Publisher, An Old-Time, Recent Passing of. 276 Publisher, A Resourceful, Portrait of. 171 Reading-Matter, The Growing Market for. 323 Redundant, The Elimination of the. 31 Roland, A, for Mr. Lang's Oliver. 171 Romance, Raw Material in. 322 Sabrina, The Wanderings of. 31 San Francisco's Seventy Libraries. 108 Shakespeare Lovers, Of Interest to. 108 Sonneteer, The Arrested Flight of a. 367 Speech, The Picturesque Superfluities of. 82 Steamboat, A Twice-Told Tale of the. 513 Stormfield, The Disposal of the Library at 368 Subtle Effects, A Master of .. 451 Superstition, Easy Victims of. 82 Temple Library at Nippur, Discoverer of the. 7 Thackeray Club in America, A.... Time, An Annual Reminder of the Swift Lapse of. 452 Tolstoy, Count, Latest terary Work of. 367 Travelling Library at the County Fair, The. 276 “Uncut" Copy, The Superiority of an. 452 Unspoken Speeches, Free Distribution of. 57 Washington's Profanity at Monmouth, The Legend of 81 Wisconsin, Travelling Libraries of. 223 Wit and Humor, A Simple Test of. 275 World-Republic, The Poet-Dream of a. 56 Yankee Printer, The Achievement of a. 367 AUTHORS AND TITLES OF BOOKS REVIEWED Adams, Charles Follen. Yawcob Strauss and Other Poems, new edition. 338 Adams, W. I. Lincoln. Photographing in Old England 470 Addams, Jane. Twenty Years at Hull-House. 459 Allen, Frank Waller. The Golden Road. 530 Andrews, C. M. Bibliography of History for Schools and Libraries 186 Andrews, Matthew Page. The Poems of James Randall 17 Andreyev, Leonid. Anathema. 523 Archer, William. Through Afro-America. 114 Atkinson, Mary J. A Château in Brittany. 469 Ayres, Leonard P. Open-Air Schools. 120 Baedeker Guide-Books for 1910. 18, 387 Bang, Ole. The Good Luck Book. 533 Barbour, Ralph Henry. The Golden Heart. 476 Baring, Maurice. Dead Letters.. 17 Bedier, Joseph. The Romance of Tristram and Iseult 472 Bennett, Arnold Clayhanger.. 381 Bennett, Arnold. Helen with the High Hand. 382 Berenson, Bernhard. A Sienese Painter of the Fran- ciscan Legend 119 Besier, Rudolph. Don.. 292 Bierce, Ambrose, Collected Works of. 339 Bindloss, Harold. Masters of the Wheat Lands. 382 Bishop, Emily M. Daily Ways to Health.. 292 Blake, Emily. Great Moments in a Woman's Life. 533 Blanchan, Mrs. Neltje. The American Flower Garden, new edition 387 Bland, J. 0. B., and Backhouse, E. China under the Empress Dowager. 518 Booth, Edward C. The Doctor's Lass. 382 Bostwick, Arthur E. The American Public Library.. 118 Bottomley, Gordon. A Vision of Giorgione.. 69 Bourne, George. The Ascending Effort. 119 Bradley, A. C. Essays and Studies by Members of the English Association.. 483 Bradley, A. G. The Avon and Shakespeare's Country 291 Brady, John. Mrs. Featherweight's Musical Moments 533 Broadley, A. M. Napoleon in Caricature.. 527 Broadus, Eleanor Hammond. Book of the Christ Child 532 Bronner, Milton. Maurice Hewlett. 45 Bronson, Edgar Beecher. Reminiscences of a Ranch- man, new edition. 338 Bronson, Walter C. English Poems. 72 Brooks, John Graham. An American Citizen.. 32 Broughton, Lord. Recollections of a Long Life, Vols. III. and IV.. 44 Brownell, W. C. American Prose Masters. 37 Browning, Mrs. Sonnets from the Portuguese, Paul Elder's edition... 532 Browning, Oscar. Memories of Sixty Years. 232 Browning's Pippa Passes and Men and Women, illus. by E. Fortescue Brickdale.... 473 Bryant, Lorinda M. What Pictures to See in Europe in One Summer. 18 Bunner, H. C. The Seven Old Ladies of Lavender Town, illustrated edition.. 533 Burroughs, John. In the Catskills. 520 Burton, Richard. Masters of the English Novel. 13 Bussell, F. W. Marcus Aurelius and the Later Stoics 18 "Cæsar." Where's Master ?. 533 Caffin, Charles H. The Story of Spanish Painting.. 527 Caico, Louise. Sicilian Ways and Days. 526 Calmour, Alfred C. Rumbo Rhymes. 531 Canby, Henry Seidel. The Short Story in English.. 11 Carter, Clarence Edwin. Great Britain and the Illinois Country 387 INDEX V. 16 M. as PAGE Carrington, Mrs. Henry B. Army Life on the Plains 94 Casson, Herbert N. The History of the Telephone.. 292 Chamberlain, Arthur B. George Romney. 526 Chambers, E. K. Shakespeare's Works, Red Letter edition 339 Chambers, Julius. The Mississippi and Its Wonderful Valley 471 Chambers, Robert W. Ailsa Paige.. 288 Champney, Elizabeth W. Romance of Imperial Rome 531 Chesterton, G. K. What's Wrong with the World.... 230 Choate, Joseph. Abraham Lincoln, and Other Ad- dresses in England... 339 Christy, Howard Chandler. Songs of Sentiment.. 532 Clarke, Helen Archibald. Hawthorne's Country. 530 Clifford, Mrs. W. K. Three Plays.. 68 Coleridge's Rime of the Ancient Mariner, illus. by Willy Pogány. 472 College Freshman's Don't Book. 532 Combarieu, Jules. Music, Its Laws and Evolution.. 234 Comfort, Will Levington. Routledge Rides Alone.. 40 Commons, John R., and others. A Documentary History of American Industrial Society. 235 Conway, Sir Martin. The Alps, new edition.. 187 Cook, Joel. The Mediterranean and Its Borderlands 524 Corbett, Julian S. The Campaign of Trafalgar. 70 Coriat, Isador H. Abnormal Psychology. 118 Cran, Mrs. George. A Woman in Canada. 72 Crawford, Mary Caroline. Romantic Days in Old Boston 474 Crispi, Thomas Edward. Reminiscences of a K. C... 60 Crothers, Samuel McChord. Among Friends..... 385 Crothers, Samuel McChord. The Book of Friendship 474 Crowell's Handy Volume Classics. ... 187 Cummings, Prentiss. The Iliad of Homer. 339 Cunliffe, J. W., and others. Century Readings for a Course in English Literature... 337 Cunliffe, J. W. The Complete Works of George Gas- coigne, Volume II. 387 Dana, John Cotton, Modern American Library Economy .18, 120, 242 Dawson, Warrington. The Scar 41 Day, Richard Edwin. New Poems. 92 Deacon, Renée Bernard Shaw Artist- Philosopher 283 Decker, Ida Smith. Patience and Her Garden. 532 Deland, Margaret. The Way to Peace.. 530 De Milt, Aida Rodman. Ways and Days Out of London 525 De Morgan, William. An Affair of Dishonor. 286 Dewey, John. The Influence of Darwin Philosophy 183 Dewhurst, Frederic. The Magi in the West. 532 Dickens, Charles, Works of, Centenary Edition. 338 Dickens's Mr. Pickwick, illustrated by Frank Reynolds 473 Dickins, Lilian, and Stanton, Mary. An Eighteenth Century Correspondence... 291 Dix, Beulah Marie. Allison's Lad and Other Martial Interludes 68 Dufferin, Lord. Letters from High Latitudes, new edition 482 Dunne, Peter. Mr. Dooley Says.. 336 Duret, Théodore. Manet and the French Impression- ists 463 Dyer, Walter A. The Lure of the Antique. 388 Ebbutt, M. I. Hero-Myths and Legends of the British Race 475 Edwards, George Wharton. Brittany and the Bretons 469 Eggleston, George Cary. History of the Confederate War 180 Eliot, Charles W. The Durable Satisfactions of Life. 186 Elliott, Maud Howe. Sicily in Shadow and in Sun.. 524 Enock, C. Reginald. The Great Pacific Coast. 65 Erckmann-Chatrian. The History of a Conscript of 1813, holiday edition.. 529 Erskine, John. Leading American Novelists. 13 Evans, Howard. Sir Randal Cremer. Everett, Leolyn Louise. The Sleep Book. 533 "Everyman's Library" 18 Fagan, James Bernard. The Earth. 292 Fairbank, Janet Ayer. In Town, and Other Con- versations 533 Faust, Albert Bernhardt. The German Element in the United States 13 Finberg, A. J. Turner's Sketches and Drawings. 526 Fisher, Harrison.' A Garden of Girls.. 476 PAGE Fite, E. D. Social and Industrial Conditions in the North during the Civil War... Flaubert's Temptation of St. Anthony, trans. by Laf- cadio Hearn.. 483 Fletcher, Hanslip. Oxford and Cambridge. 471 Fletcher, R. A. Steam-Ships.. 531 Foster, Agness Greene. By the Way 471 Foght, Harold Waldstein. The American Rural School 96 Ford, Henry Jones. The Cost of Our National Gov- ernment 483 Forman, S. E. A History of the United States for Schools 19 Formby, John. The American Civil War.. 184 Franklin, Fabian.' The Life of Daniel Coit Gilman.. 35 Fraser, John Foster. Australia : The Making of a Nation 386 Friedenwald, Herbert. The American Jewish Year Book 338 Frothingham, A. L. Roman Cities in Italy and Dal- matia 69 Frothingham, Richard. Rise of the Republic of the United States, tenth edition... 293 Fuller-Maitland, J. A. Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, new revised edition.. 284 Furness, William Henry, 3rd. The Island of Stone Money 524 Galloway, William Johnson. Musical England. 333 Galsworthy, John. A Motley. 70 Galsworthy, John. Justice, 523 Gardiner, E. Norman. Greek Athletic Sports and Festiyals 336 Gardner, Edmund G. The Cell of Self-Knowledge... 187 Gehring, Albert. The Basis of Musical Pleasure. 385 Gerard, Louise. The Golden Centipede.. 288 Gibbs, Philip. The Street of Adventure. 42 Gilder, Richard Watson. Grover Cleveland. 291 Gilson, Charles. The Refugee... 382 Godfrey, Hollis. The Health of the City. 96 Goldsmith's Deserted Village, illus. by W. Lee Hankey 472 Goldsmith's Poems, illus. by Frederick Simpson Coburn 529 Gompers, Samuel. Labor in Europe and America. 71 Gould, George M. The Infinite Presence... 387 Graham, Harry. The Bolster Book. 185 Gray's Elegy, decorated by F. J. Trezise... 529 Greg, W. W. Shakespeare's Merry Wives of Windsor 187 Gregory, H. E., and others. Physical and Commercial Geography 45 Gribble, Francis. The Love Affairs of Lord Byron.. 528 Gribble, Francis. The Passions of the French Ro- mantics 329 Griffin, Grace Gardner. Writings on American History 45 Guiterman, Arthur. The Book of Hospitalities. 532 Haight, Theron W. Three Wisconsin Cushings. 292 Hale, Edward E., Jr. William H. Seward... 337 Hall, Anna Maria. Sketches of Irish Life and Char- acter, illus. by Erskine Nicol... 472 Hall, Clayton Colman. Narratives of Early Mary- land 339 Hall, Eliza Calvert. Sally Ann's Experience. 530 Hamel, Frank. The Dauphines of France.. 528 Haney, Lewis H. Congressional History of Railways in the United States to 1850, Vol. II. 45 Hanson, Joseph Mills. Frontier Ballads..... 476 Harland, Marion. Where Ghosts Walk. 474 Harrison, John S. The Teachers of Emerson. 71 Hart, Albert Bushnell. The Southern South. 112 Harte, Bret. Salomy Jane, illustrated by Keller ... 473 Hartmann, Sadakichi. Landscape and Figure Com- position 475 Harvard Guide to Reading in Social Ethics. 388 “Harvard Monthly," Poems from the.. 45 Haslehust, E. W. "Beautiful England" Series. 471 Hay, Ian. A Man's Man.. 287 Hay, Marie. A German Pompadour. 94 Hay, Marie. The Winter Queen. 528 Haydon, A. L. The Riders of the Plains. 241 Hazen, Charles Downer. Europe Since 1815. 285 Herford, Oliver, and Clay, John Cecil. Cupid's Cyclo- pedia 533 Herford, Oliver, and others. The Complete Cynic. 532 Herrick, Robert. A Life for a Life.. 39 Hewlett, Maurice. Rest Harrow. 287 Hichens, Robert. The Holy Land.. 469 Hoffman, Richard. Some Musical Recollections of Fifty Years 93 on vi. INDEX PAGE Hogarth, D. G. Accidents of an Antiquary's Life.. 290 Holder, Charles Frederick. The Channel Islands of California 66 Holmes, C. J. Notes on the Science of Picture- Making 281 Hough, Emerson. The Singing Mouse Stories. 530 Howe, M. A. De Wolfe. Boston Common. 531 Howe, M. A. De Wolfe. Harmonies... 92 Howells, William Dean. Mark Twain's Speeches. 117 Howells, William Dean. My Mark Twain. 238 Huckel, Oliver.. Seigfried... 533 Hudson, W. H. A Shepherd's Life. 531 Humphreys, Lucy H. The Poetic New World.. 120 Huneker, James. Promenades of an Impressionist. 238 Hunter, William C. Brass Tacks... 533 Hutton, Edward. Boccaccio: A Biographical Study. 178 Hutton, Edward. Siena and Southern Tuscany. 525 Hutton, Edward. The Decameron, in the “Tudor Translations" 179 Hyde, William De Witt. The Teacher's Philosophy.. 188 Impressions Calendar for 1911... 532 Irwin, Wallace. The Teddysee. 533 Jacks, L. P. Mad Shepherds and Other Human Studies 185 James, Grace. The Green Willow and Other Japan- ese Fairy Tales 531 Jastrow, Joseph. The Qualities of Men. 375 Jenner, Mrs. Henry. Christian Symbolism. 338 Jerrold, Clare. The Beaux and the Dandies.. 528 Jewett, Sarah Orne. Stories and Tales, new seven- volume edition 338 Jewett, Sophie. God's Troubadour. 72 Johnson, Clifton. Highways and Byways of the Rocky Mountains 470 Johnson, Owen, The Prodigious Hickey, new edition 121 Johnson, Rossiter. History of the War of Secession, new edition 482 Johnston, Alexander. History of American Politics, new edition 186 Joline, Adrian Hoffman. At the Library Table.. 15 Jones, Florence N. Boccaccio and His Imitators. 179 Judson, Katherine Berry. Myths and Legends of the Pacific Northwest.. 476 Kaye, Percy Louis. Readings in Civil Government.. 389 Keeling, Margaret A. Coleridge's Poems of Nature and Romance, 1794... 187 Keller, Helen. The Song of the Ston Wall. 475 Keppel, Frederick. The Golden Age of Engraving. 467 King, Basil. The Wild Olive. 40 Kingsley, Charles. Hereward the Wake, Luxembourg edition 187 Kipling's Collected Verse, illustrated by W. Heath Robinson 473 Klein, David.Literary Criticism from the Eliza- bethan Dramatists 93 Knight, Marietta. Dramatic Reader for Grammar Grades 242 Konta, Anna Lemp. The History of French Litera- ture 14 Kropotkin, P. A. The Great French Revolution. 90 Kuhns, Oscar. Switzerland 470 Kuhns, Oscar. The Love of Books and Reading. 337 Laird & Lee's Vest Pocket Diary for 1911. 187 Landor, A. Henry Savage. An Explorer's Adventures in Tibet 45 Lang, Mrs. Jean. A Land of Romance. 474 Laughlin, Clara E. Everybody's Lonesome. 530 Lawler, O'Dermid W. East London Visions. 44 Lawrence, R. M. Primitive Psycho-Therapy and Quackery 387 Lee, A. C. The Decameron. 179 "Lee, Vernon." Vanitas : Polite Stories, new edition 338 Le Gallienne, Richard. October Vagabonds.. 521 Leighton, William. The Merry Tales of Hans Sachs, new edition 95 Leupp, Francis E. The Indian and His Problem. 228 Lewisohn, Ludwig. Health and Suggestion. 94 Lillibridge, Will. Quercus Alba... 533 Little, Brown & Co.'s New Popular Editions. 471 Little, M. At the sign of the Burning Bush. 42 Lock, R. H. Variation, Heredity and Evolution, sec- ond edition 96 Locke, William J. A Christmas Mystery. 530 Locke, William J. Simon the Jester... 41 London, Jack. Burning Daylight.... 384 London, Jack. Revolution, and Other Essays. 17 Lowell, Percival. The Evolution of Worlds.. 15 PAGE Lucas, E. V. The Second Post... 474 Lyde, L, W. Man in Many Lands. 18 Lynde, Francis. The Taming of Red Butte Western. 40 Maartens, Maarten, Harmon Pols.. 383 Mackaye, Percy. A Garland to Sylvia.. 69 Mackenzie, W. M. Pompeii.... 469 MacLean, Annie Marion. Wage-Earning Women.... 120 Macnamara, N. C. The Evolution and Function of Living Purposive Matter... 290 Macphail, Andrew. Essays in Fallacy. 335 Maeterlinck, Maurice. Mary Magdelene. 522 Marquis, Albert Nelson. Who's Who in America, 1910-1911 45 Markino, Yoshio. A Japanese Artist in London. 226 Marriott, Crittenden. How Americans Are Governed 18 Martin, E. S. The Luxury of Children, illus. by Sarah Stilwell. 531 Masefield, John. The Tragedy of Nan, and .Other Plays 523 Mason, A. E. W. At the Villa Rose.. 383 Mason, Eugene. Aucassin and Nicolette, illus. by Maxwell Armfield 529 Mathews, Shailer. The Gospel and the Modern Man 43 McCutcheon, John T. In Africa.. 525 McCutcheon, John T. T. R. in Cartoons. 18 McClellan, Elisabeth. Historic Dress in America, 1800-1870 527 McCrea, Roswell C. The Humane Movement in America 290 McLaughlin, James. My Friend the Indian.. 228 Mead, E. D. The Great Design of Henry IV., new edition 45 Meek, George. Story of a Bath Chair-Man. 110 Melville, Lewis. Life and Letters of William Beck- ford 239 Meredith, George. Works of, Memorial Edition . 73, 187, 482 Merriam, Clinton Hart. The Dawn of the World.. 45 "Merrill's English Texts”. 482 Merwin, Henry C. Dogs and Men.. 18 Meyer, F. W. Rock and Water Gardens. 43 Michel, Emile. Great Masters of Landscape Painting 462 Mifflin, Lloyd. Flower and Thorn. 92 Mildmay, Herbert St. John. John Lothrop Motley and His Family.. 67 Miller, J. R. The Master's Friendships. 533 Milne, James. My Summer in London.. 183 Mitchell, S. Weir. The Comfort of the Hills. 91 Mitford, Mary Russell. Sketches of English Life and Character, illus. by S. A. Forbes...... 472 Mitford, Mary Russell. Our Village, illus. by Alfred Rawlings and Hugh Thomson. 529 Modjeska, Helena. Memories and Impressions.. 370 Monnier, Phillippe. Venice in the Eighteenth Century 515 Moorman, F. W. Robert Herrick. 87 Moors, H. J. With Stevenson in Samoa. 239 Moses, Montrose J. The Literature of the South... 331 Munn, Margaret Crosby. Will Shakespeare of Strat- ford and London... 68 Murat, Caroline, My Memoirs. 186 Neihardt, John G. The River and I. 525 Nelson, Alven. Manual of the Botany of the Rocky Mountain Region, new edition.. 71 Nevill, Lady Dorothy. Under Five Reigns.. 528 Newcomer, A. G., and Andrews, Alice E. Twelve Centuries of English Poetry and Prose...... 337 Nivedita, Sister. The Master as I Saw Him. 186 Noll, A. H., and McMahon, A. P. Life and Times of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla. 241 North, Arthur. Camp and Camimo in Lower Cali- fornia 66 Noyes, Carleton. An Approach to Walt Whitman. 73 Ogilvy, James S. Relics and Memorials of London Town 470 0. Henry. Let Me Feel Your Pulse. 530 Olcott, Charles S. George Eliot : Scenes and People in Her Novels... 475 Oppenheim, E. Phillips. The Illustrious Prince. 41 Oppenheim, E. Phillips. The Lost Ambassador. 383 Packard, Winthrop. Florida Trails.... 521 Packard, Winthrop. Wood Wanderings. 520 Paetow, L. J. The Arts Course at Medieval Univer- sities 45 Palmer, George Herbert. The Ideal Teacher. 188 Pater, Walter, Works of, Library Edition. 293 Paul, Nanette B. Parliamentary Law. 187 INDEX vii. PAGE Payne, William Morton. Leading American Essayists 95 Pearson, R. Hooper. "Garden Flowers in Color" Series 18 Peary, Robert E. The North Pole.. 280 Peixotto, Ernest. Romantic California. 470 Perin, Florence Hobart. The Optimist's Good-night 532 Perkins, A. F. Vocations for the Trained Woman... 240 Phelps, Elizabeth Stuart. A Chariot of Fire.. 530 Phillips, David Graham. The Husband's Story. 289 Pidal, Ramón Menédez. El Romancero Español. 293 Pillsbury, W. B. The Psychology of Reasoning. 238 Pollak, Gustav. The Hygiene of the Soul. 94 Potter, David. The Lady of the Spur. 384 Pratt, Helen Marshall. Cathedral Churches of Eng- land 43 Putnam, Emily James. The Lady. 530 Quaife, Milo Milton. Diary of James K. Polk. 376 Quiller-Couch, A. T. The Sleeping Beauty. 472 Racowitza, Helene, Autobiography of. 85 Radziwill, Princesse. Memoirs of the Duchesse de Dino, second and third series... 338 Rait, E. S. English Episcopal Palaces. 477 Raleigh, Walter. English Voyages of the Sixteenth Century 45 Raleigh, Walter. Six Essays on Johnson. 482 Rawson, Maud Stepney. Bess of Hardwick. 475 Reade, Winwood. The Martyrdom of Man, eighteenth edition 96 Reid, W. Max. Lake George and Lake Champlain.. 89 Reinach, Solomon. Orpheus : An Universal History of Religions. 334 Rice, Wallace and Frances. The Little Book of Friendship 533 Richards, Ellen H. Euthenics, the Science of Con- trollable Environment 96 Richmond, Grace. On Christmas Day in the Evening 530 Riley, James Whitcomb. A Hoosier Romance. 476 Ristine, Frank Humphrey. English Tragicomedy. 482 "Riverside Literature Series" .19, 188 Robinson Crusoe Library, The. 532 Roosevelt, Theodore. African Game Trails. 173 Rose, Elise W. Cathedrals and Cloisters of the Isle de France 524 Rostand, Edmond. Chantecler 84 Russell, George W. E. Sketches and Snapshots. 184 Russell, Lady Constance. The Rose Goddess.. 527 Ruyl, Beatrice Baxter. The Zodiac Birthday Book.. 533 Sainte Beuve. Causeries du Lundi, in the “New Uni- versal Library" 19 Sampson, George. More's Utopia. 339 Sanders, Helen Fitzgerald. Trails through West- ern Woods 95 Schaff, Morris. The Battle of the Wilderness. 372 Schipper, Jacob. A History of English Versification 73 Schmucker, Samuel C. Under the Open Sky. 521 Scott, Temple. The Christmas Treasury. 532 Seattle Public Library Book-Lists. 46 Seidel, Heinrich. A German Christmas Eve. 532 Shackleton, Mr. and Mrs. Robert. Adventures in Home-Making 475 Shaffner, Lillyan. Love and Friendship.. 532 Shakespeare's Hamlet, illustrated by W. G. Simonds. 529 Sharp, Elizabeth. William Sharp: A Memoir. 327 Sharp, William, Works of, new uniform edition.. 19 Shaw, Bernard. Socialism and Superior Brains.. 283 Sheldon, Edward. The Nigger. 522 Shorey, Paul. The Odes and Epodes of Horace, new edition 387 Sichel, Edith. Gathered Leaves from the Prose of Mary Coleridge 289 Sichel, Walter. Sterne: A Study. 115 Sienkiewicz, Henryk. Whirlpools. 42 Sinclair, May. The Creators... 287 Singleton, Esther. A Guide to Great Cities. 188 Smith, Benjamin E. Century Dictionary, supple- mentary volumes... 72 Smith, Goldwin. Reminiscences. 514 Smith, Sophie Shilleto. Dean Swift.. 117 Smith's Catalogue Raisonné of Dutch, Flemish, and French Painters, new limited edition.. 175 Suedden, David. The Problem of Vocational Educa- tion 188 Sousa, John Philip, Through the Year with. 533 Spargo, John. Life of Karl Marx.. 43 Spurgeon, Arthur. Premature Cheapening of Copy- right Books, new edition. 482 Stafford, Wendell Phillips. Dorian Days. 92 PAGE Staley, Edgcumbe. The Dogaressas of Venice.... 386 Stanton, Theodore. Reminiscences of Rosa Bonheur. 474 Stedman, Laura, and Gould, George M. Life and Let- ters of Edmund Clarence Stedman........... 455 Stellmann, Louis J. The Vanished Ruin Era.. 471 Stevens, Clara Sherwood. Passages from the Phi- losophy of Herbert Spencer. 339 Stevenson, Burton E. A Guide to Biography. 188 Stirling-Maxwell, Sir William. Stories of the Spanish Artists until Goya.. 477 Strand, Grace Browne. Faith, Hope, Love. 533 Strand, Grace Browne. Love, Friendship, and Good Cheer 532 Stuart, Ruth McEnery. The Unlived Life of Little Mary Ellen 530 Sturgis, Russell. The Artist's Way of Working, new edition 339 Sudermann, Hermann. Morituri.. 522 Sue's Mysteries of Paris, Crowell's holiday edition.. 473 Talbot, Marion. The Education of Women. 70 Tanner, Amy E. Studies in Spiritism.. 384 Tapper, Bertha Feiring. Grieg's Piano Lyrics and Shorter Compositions... 388 Taussig, F. W. Tarif History of the United States, new edition 338 Taylor, G. R. S. Leaders of Socialism. 337 Taylor, Isaac. Words and Places, new edition. 19 Thayer, Gerald H. Concealing-Coloration in the Ani- mal Kingdom. 33 Thayer, John Adams. Astir: A Publisher's Life- Story 120 Thomas, T. H. French Portrait Engraving of the XVIIth and XVIIIth Centuries... 526 Thompson, Elbert N. S. The English Moral Plays.. 45 Thompson, Francis. A Renegade Poet, and Other Essays 71 Thomson, J. Arthur. Darwinism and Human Life.. 241 Thoreau's Walden, illustrated by Clifton Johnson.. 473 Thrum, Thomas G. Stories of the Menehunes.. 533 Thurston, E. Temple. The Greatest Wish in the World 383 Tiffany, Esther Brown. The Tocsin. 69 Time of the Singing of Birds, The. 187 Tittle, Walter. Colonial Holidays.. 477 Tolman, Albert H. Questions on Shakspeare.. 95 Torrey, George A. A Lawyer's Recollections. 386 Townsend, Charles W. A Labrador Spring.. 526 Trent, William P. Longfellow, and Other Essays. 119 Trowbridge, J. T. Darius Green and his Flying- Machine, new edition... 533 Trowbridge, W. R. H. Cagliostro. 527 Twain, Mark. Tom Sawyer, illus. by Worth Brehm. 473 Upton, George P. Standard Musical Biographies.... 339 Vedder, Elihu. The Digressions of V. 464 Veiller, Lawrence. Housing Reform.. 97 Vernon, Max. In and Out of Florence. 239 Villard, Oswald Garrison. John Brown.. 325 Villiers-Wardell, Mrs. Spain of the Spanish. 72 Von Seidlitz, W. A History of Japanese Color- Prints 335 Wagner, Richard. Judaism in Music. 45 Wagner's The Rhinegold and the Valkyrie, illus. by Arthur Rackham 529 Wallace, Dillon. Beyond the Mexican Sierras. 66 Ward, A. W., and Waller, A. R. Cambridge History of English Literature, Vols. III. and iv.. 61 Warren, Ina Sussele. A Book of Friendship.. 477 Washburn, Claude C. Pages from the Book of Paris. 466 Watanna, Onoto. Tama.... 476 Wernaer, Robert M. Romanticism and the Romantic School in Germany 374 Werner, Charles. Aristotle et l'idéalisme platonicien. 73 Wheeler, Ethel Rolt. Famous Blue-Stockings. 240 Wheeler, William Morton. Ants.. 11 White, Andrew D. Seven Great Statesmen. 185 Whiting, Lilian. Louise Chandler Moulton : Poet and Friend 176 Whitmore, Clara H. Woman's Work in English Fiction 12 Wiggin, Kate Douglas. Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, holiday edition.. 476 Wilde, Oscar. Reading Gaol, "Rubric” edition. 533 Willcox, Louise Collier. A Manual of Spiritual For- tification 532 Williams, Henry Smith. The Science of Happiness. 16 Williams, Herschel. Making Faces. 533 Williams, Herschel. My Advice Book. 533 viii. INDEX - - PAGE Williams, Theodore C. Poems of Belief..., 91 Winter, William. Shakespeare's England, holiday edition 471 Wood, Edith Elmer. An Oberland Châlet. 526 Wood, Lt.-Colonel William. Logs of the Conquest of Canada 9 Wood, Martha Buckingham. A Trip to the Land of the Midnight Sun.. 526 PAGE Wood, H. Wellington. Golden Words Fitly Spoken. 532 Woodberry, George E. The Inspiration of Poetry.. 44 Wright, C. W. Wool-Growing and the Tariff. 240 Wright, Ernest Hunter. The Authorship of Timon of Athens 186 Wright, Irene A. Cuba. 525 Wylie, 1. A. R. The Native Born. 288 MISCELLANEOUS "Arts and Decoration", 38 "Beau, The" 73 Biography and Spelling Reform. Brander Matthews. 279 "Book Monthly," The London.. 338 Carlyles, Some Unpublished Letters of the. 188 "Chantecler"-A Correction. Duffield & Company... 110 Colleges and the Carnegie Foundation. Lewis Wor- thington Smith. 58 Eulenspiegel, Till, on Aviation. Roy Temple House. 369 French Librarian, A Great. Alsel G. S. Josephson.. 279 History-Making it Interesting. St. George L. Sioussat 324 History, The Writing of. Charles Woodward Hutson 225 Niteracy, The Cult of. W. A. B.. Imagination and the Modern Short-Story. Charles Leonard Moore 279 "Immoral Drama,' The Question of. M. C. A.. 58 "Immoral Drama," The Question of. T. D. A. Cockerell 83 James, William, Death of. 121 Journalized Short Story, The. Henry Seidel Canby. 223 Journalized Short-Story, The: A Magazine Editor's View. J. Berg Esenwein.. 278 “Jour alized Short Story” Again, The. Rowland Thomas 323 Lloyd Memorial Library at Winnetka, Ill. 389 Lummis Collection of Books, The. 19 Macaulay and the Writing of History. J. W. T.. 277 Macaulay, Mr. Hutson, and the Writing of History. Carl Becker. 454 Macaulay, The Return to. Ephraim Douglass Adams. 324 "Macaulay, The Return to." F. H. Hodder. 369 Mikszath Jubilee in Hungary, The. 19 National Arts Publishing Company, Formation of. 293 Polk, President, Diary of. James Schouler... 513 Prose Style, Perfection in. Herman B. Tanner. 58 Rhoades, Lewis A., Death of. 187 Rolfe, Dr. William J., Death of. 46 San Francisco's Public Library. Wm. R. Watson.. 225 “Suffragette,” The Inaccuracy of. James F. Mor- ton, Jr. 7 Thackeray Centenary Exhibition, The Proposed.. 534 Theatre, A Word about the. T. D. A. Cockerell.... 7 "Vanity Fair," A Foot-Note to. Sara Andrew Shafer 369 "Vineyard, The" 482 - 1 THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. PAGE THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of A FRIEND OF AMERICA. each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, 82. a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States, and Mexico; Foreign and Canadian The last will and testament of Goldwin Smith, postage 50 cents per year extra. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY. bequeathing to Cornell University an estate Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub- amounting to about a million dollars, only adds scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription another link to the long chain which during his is desired. ADVERTISING RATEs furnished on application. All com munications should be addressed to life attached Americans to that great scholar THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. and sage counsellor, and which holds him fast in Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office at our affections now that he is dead. dead. The mag- Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879. nitude of this gift to American education makes it a close second to the benefaction of Cecil No. 577. JULY 1, 1910. Vol. XLIX. Rhodes, and again emphatically symbolizes the bond of unity between the two great branches CONTENTS. of our race, a bond that will, we trust, grow ever A FRIEND OF AMERICA stronger as the years pass. The contribution to 3 mutual esteem made by such evidences of the CASUAL COMMENT 5 close relation between England and America is Theodore Parker as a political philosopher.— The greater than the mere monetary measurement endless evolution of the work of fiction. - The can indicate; the moral significance far exceeds college student of a century ago.– A municipal blunder and a lost library. - The persistence of a the material, for behind the gift we recognize minor Anglicism. — The circulation of humane the spirit of the giver, and the friendship literature. — The exhilarating tilt of the literary which it denotes is the more precious part of free-lance. The unpoetic appearance of some the gracious act. poets. – A Thackeray Club in America. Goldwin Smith was forty-one years of age COMMUNICATIONS 7 when, in the summer of 1864, he first came to A Word about the Theatre. T. D. A. Cockerell. this country The campaign which was to The Inaccuracy of “Suffragette.” J. F. Morton, Jr. result in Lincoln's reëlection was then warming The Cult of Illiteracy. W. A. B. up, and our visitor remained until after the THE LIFE OF A STRENUOUS PEACEMAKER. crisis was past, and the end of the war clearly Percy F. Bicknell 8 in sight. From oversea he had followed with THE NAVAL CONQUEST OF CANADA. Lawrence deep interest the epic struggle, and had aligned J. Burpee 9 himself with Mill, Bright, and Cobden, when he espoused the Union cause in the face of the GOING TO THE ANT. Charles Atwood Kofoid 11 sympathy extended toward the Confederacy by THE FIELD OF FICTION. Stephen Faunce Sears. 11 the most influential section of English society, and even by such political philosophers as GERMANY IN AMERICA. W. H. Carruth Gladstone and Acton. He had the clearness of NEW STUDIES IN FRENCH LITERATURE. vision to perceive that the war in its essence Richard Burton 14 was a war against slavery and its intolerably BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 15 arrogant pretensions ; no academic theorizing The diverting reflections of a book-lover. - The about State rights, no superficial sentimentaliz- beginnings and the end of worlds. — The pursuit of ing about a brave people rising in defence of happiness. — Home activity at the North in the their liberties, could befog the issue for his keen Civil War. — The socialistic programme. - Imagi- analytical judgment; and even before he became nary correspondence with the great.-The laureate of the Lost Cause.—The human quality of the dog. an eye-witness of America in action, he did the Federal cause good service by pleading for BRIEFER MENTION 18 British neutrality with both tongue and pen, NOTES 19 and by such effective pamphleteering as was found in “Does the Bible Sanction American TOPICS IN JULY PERIODICALS 20 Slavery?” and the “ Letter to a Whig Member LIST OF NEW BOOKS 20 of the Southern Independence Association.” 13 . . . 4 (July 1, THE DIAL His con- These were the credentials with which he Three years later, his founder's work for first landed upon our shores, and which earned Cornell was measurably completed, and he went for him a warm welcome during a five months' to Toronto, where he established “The Cana- sojourn which took him to the Mississippi and dian Monthly." dian Monthly.” From this time on, he made to the seat of war. At this time he was no Toronto his home, marrying in 1875, and more than a sympathetic English student of establishing his permanent residence in “ The American affairs, deeply interested in the his- Grange,” that fine old estate which has been for torical development of our institutions and in the past thirty-five years a place of pilgrimage the reactions of our political crucible. Four for English and American scholars. years later he cast in his lot with America, and nection with Cornell was by no means severed for the remaining forty-two years of his life was by the change of residence, however, and he con- a denizen of the New World. The death of his tinued, until advancing age made it no longer father and the breaking up of his home, the possible, to return to Ithaca every year for a expiration of his college fellowship and a sense course of lectures. As a Canadian, he plunged of impaired health, were among the causes that into the thick of the public life of the Dominion, left him free to make a change in his scheme and made himself an active force for good in of life; and he was thinking, he tells us, “ of politics. His journalistic activities were multi- settling at Providence, where I should have had farious and unceasing, he was a frequent speaker some special facilities for the study of New from the platform, and he was a worker upon England history." It was just at this time that innumerable boards and commissions affected Mr. Andrew Dickson White had undertaken the with a public interest. A stout fighter wherever task of administering the gift of Ezra Cornell, fundamental principles were concerned, he made and of founding a school in central New York. enemies as well as friends, and became persona Mr. White was then in Europe, and, learning one non grata to the aristocratic and imperialistic evening at dinner of Smith's intentions, at once elements in Canadian society through his un- sought him out, and persuaded him to accept the swerving championship of democracy and his chair of English history in the new university. persistent advocacy of the opinion that the best Thus it was that Cornell gained the most dis interests of Canada were to be furthered by the tinguished member of its faculty; and thus it closest possible union with the republic south was that Goldwin Smith, taking up his residence of the border. But if his name came to be in Ithaca in 1868, when the new institution anathema in tory circles, his arguments re- opened its doors for students, found himself an mained unanswered and unanswerable. Econ- active worker in a university which had practi- omic forces always have the last word in political cally none of the attributes suggested by the discussion. Old World connotation of that term. Cornell There is in Canada, he once said, “a violently opened with a single building of its own, and anti-American party which deems itself the the use of a huge structure that had been built patentee of loyalty. . . . The core of this party for hydropathic purposes, and was opportunely consists of descendants of United Empire Loyal- left vacant by the failure of that experiment. ists, who, partly perhaps because it invests them The university was “ land poor,” and its equip- with social interest, devote themselves to blow- ment was meagre in the extreme. Smithing the embers of that feud. But anti-American refused to accept any salary for his services, sentiment is hollow, and easily yields to calls of and sent to England for his private library in interest.” He was often called an annexationist order that his students might have the tools by his opponents, but himself repudiated the indispensable for historical work. He also word as “ word as "something humiliating to Canada.” brought stone-carvers from England to orna Yet his belief remained firm that " continental ment the new buildings as they arose, and ivy union in a free and honorable way will come. from Oxford for their walls. He had a stone seat It will probably not come in the time of any. placed in the campus, and above it inscribed one as old as I am; but it will come. “No the motto, “ Above all nations is humanity.” schemes of Imperial Federationists will defeat No wonder that Cornell has ever since held him nature, whose forces draw toward union. Race, in grateful remembrance as its patron saint. language, literature, religion, political institu- His reward was found in the welcome accorded tions, social sentiments, and habits are the him, and in the improvement in health that on both sides of the line . . . . It may safely be resulted from this pioneer university life, with said that the connection of each of the Cana- its open-air allurements. dian provinces with the States to the south of it same 1910.] THE DIAL 5 years WORK OY is stronger than that of the Maritime provinces And later he said, in a somewhat different connec- with Ontario, or of French Quebec, with either. tion: “I have some right to speak on this point, for The populations, in short, are rapidly fusing. I was perhaps more intimate with Parker in his last four than There will soon be nothing to divide them but any of his other political friends. a political and fiscal line.” Such opinions as I was in his confidence; introduced John Brown to his acquaintance in 1857, brought them together these made the heathen rage in many quarters, again in March, 1858, and had their correspondence but it is a vain thing to imagine that nature pass through my hands in the years of the Virginia will be thwarted forever in North America by conspiracy. Parker was one of the few men in any political or social contrivance. America who ventured to predict the downfall of Goldwin Smith lived and died in the best slavery in the nineteenth century, though he did sense a friend of our own country. He was not see how rapid would be its destruction after not blind to the evils with which we have to Lincoln came to the height of political power.” contend, and thus enumerated some of the worst of them :“The negro difficulty, the spread THE ENDLESS EVOLUTION OF THE of lawlessness, the weakness of American states FICTION, from folk-tale and epic lay to the modern manship and government, the municipal cor prose romance and the (sometimes prosy) essay in ruption, the pension list, but, above all, the psychological analysis, is a thing to contemplate with wonder and with all sorts of interesting conjecturo renunciation of the fundamental principles of the American commonwealth, consequent on the and speculation as to the shape and character of the twenty-fifth-century or the thirtieth-century novel. annexation of the Philippines, and the entan- A questionnaire lately sent out to authors and critics glement of the American Department of State by the London " Book Montbly” elicited various with the un-American councils and designs of kinds of answers as to “ the chief changes in the European powers.” This is a list to give the English-written novel within recent years," and as to most patriotic of us pause ; and it might be con the upward or downward tendency of these changes siderably extended. But in pointing out such in respect to “human interest and literary quality.” failings, a friend like Goldwin Smith proves The replies, so far as published, indicate consider- himself most faithful, and the fact that, seeing able difference of opinion, but leave us by no means all these evil things, and many others, he could in despair of the modern novel. The decay of sen- timent, or of kid-glove sentimentality, is noted, and still believe that the soul of good in our nation the rise of realism and of cool and critical analysis. would ultimately triumph, offers the best possible Of Messrs. Wells and Galsworthy one reply says: evidence of the depth of his attachment. “They are painting life as it is. The old school of amorists and glamorists is dead. The defect of the new school is that it lacks imagination and humour. It is photographically hard and harsh and brutal, CASUAL COMMENT. like the daily paper snapshots. But sooner or later it will throw up a man of a genius who can fuse THEODORE PARKER AS A POLITICAL PHILOSO sympathy with sincerity and tenderness with truth.” PHER was the theme of Mr. Frank B. Sanborn's This fusion is not so very hard to find even now, centennial address on his old-time friend at the but there is always the delightful possibility of still recent celebration held at West Roxbury. “I choose greater triumphs of genius in any and every quality for my topic to-day, · Parker the Political Philoso that makes for excellence. pher,' ,” said Mr. Sanborn, “and I point to Abraham Lincoln and the emancipation of millions of negro THE COLLEGE STUDENT OF A CENTURY AGO would slaves as the result of his philosophy in its steady and seem a queer creature to the typical collegian of natural development.” To call Abraham Lincoln to-day. Instead of a maximum of athletics and a the result of anybody's philosophy, even of Theo minimum of study, the Harvard or Yale or Prince- dore Parker's, is, to put it mildly, a slight misplac ton youth of 1810 was nurtured on copious draughts ing of emphasis. Lincoln had a plenty of philosophy of learning, of an undeniably bookish sort, and a and of philanthropy of his own, even though we like very meagre or altogether wanting dose of physical to recall his undoubted debt to the New England culture. In some century-old letters written by one free-thinker, whom he greatly admired. “ The Stephen Salisbury, Harvard student, to his parents doctrine of Jefferson and of Abraham Lincoln — a in Worcester, and lately unearthed for the purposes theory of government of the people, by the people, of a paper read before the American Antiquarian and for the good of the people — was not,” declared Society, there are revealed some curious customs of the speaker, " the original invention of any of these the collegians of that day. Culture was valued at men; but Parker did more to formulate it than any its true worth by young Salisbury's father, who American, until Abraham Lincoln, after Parker's counselled his son to regard his studies not as a death, took up his testimony in the same behalf.” task, but as an entertainment. His mother advised 6 (July 1, THE DIAL ites as : him to exercise with the skipping-rope in his room though” (which, by the way, were better “ as if ") when hindered by rain from taking his customary introducing a supposition contrary to fact and fol- walk or ride, and she also felt obliged to refuse his lowed by the indicative, the mood of positive asser- request for curtains to his windows, as an extrava tion. “As though he were” (or, better, "as if he gance. Both father and mother exercised a super were”) would be used, and correctly used, by ninety- vision over their son's dress and diet and behavior, nine out of every hundred American writers, and not and even prescribed the times and seasons for having improbably by the hundredth writer also. What is his hair cut. But of course the Harvard student of the peculiar construction of the English ear, that it that day was much younger than the average col should not feel the jar of this solecism? legian of our time. The “ liberal education" of a century ago was imparted at Cambridge by a faculty THE CIRCULATION OF HUMANE LITERATURE is of thirteen professors and four tutors, and the whole becoming a prominent factor in the general move- body of undergraduates was smaller than the present ment for the better treatment of animals. The day corps of instructors. American Humane Education Society, the pioneer organization in this important work, has developed A MUNICIPAL BLUNDER AND A LOST LIBRARY a plan for sending out travelling libraries through form the theme of an interesting true story. The our rural districts, the books to be circulated chiefly late Judge John Handley, proprietor of the Wyoming under the direction of local school boards, and with Hotel in Scranton, Pa., cherished kindly feelings no charge to readers. Thirty books have been toward his city and intended to leave it the bulk of chosen by a committee composed of Dr. Francis H. his large estate. But when the city council, against Rowley, of Boston, the society's president; Dr. his advice and wishes, permitted the location of cer Albert Leffingwell of New York; Miss Sarah J. tain unsightly stock-yards in front of his hotel, the Eddy of Rhode Island ; and Mrs. Mary F. Lowell Judge changed his mind. A visit at about this time of Pennsylvania. In the list are such popular favor- to Winchester, Va., to view certain historic battle- Rab and his Friends,” by Dr. John Brown, fields, aroused his interest in that city; and when “Jonathan and David,” by Mrs. Elizabeth Stuart the time came, soon afterward, for him to pay the Phelps Ward, “ Little Brother to the Bear,” by Dr. debt to Nature, it was Winchester and not Scranton William J. Long, “A Boy I Knew," by Laurence that profited by his benevolence to the extent of more Hutton, “Wild Animals I have known," by Mr. than a million dollars, including a quarter-million- Ernest Thompson Seton. The movement is a good dollar library building, the finest structure of the one, and if systematically followed up can hardly kind in the South erected by one man. The recent fail of a wholesome effect upon the younger genera- completion of this handsome monument to Judge tion. Handley's memory shows it to be in the French THE EXHILARATING Renaissance style, executed in a buff shade of FREE-LANCE is surely, thinks the novice, a pleasant Indiana limestone, with terra cotta roofing and a anda pulse-quickening exercise. In a volume entitled noble dome sheathed in copper—a fireproof building “Vocations for the Trained Woman,” published by throughout. As soon as funds are available for the the Women's Educational and Industrial Union of purpose, the interior equipment will be completed, Boston, occurs this alluring passage : "It may be the bookshelves stocked, the successful applicants for said in general that it is a comparatively easy thing positions in this palace of literature will be placed in for a very ordinary writer, with very ordinary indus- charge of its treasures, and the Handley. Memorial try, to make $1,000 a year free-lancing in New York. Library will take its place on the firing line against It is a very easy and a very speedy matter to write the forces of ignorance and materialism and low a thousand words. It is not a matter of time or ideals and sordid interests. difficulty to get the material to fill a thousand words. The crux of the matter comes in knowing what sort THE PERSISTENCE OF A MINOR ANGLICISM that of material to get, how to get it, and where to sell seems to be growing in favor, in defiance of gram it.” Let us hope this little crux" will not be over- mar and logic, claims a word of comment. In the looked by any young woman tempted to resign a letter of an English correspondent at Rome we note thousand-dollar teachership or other assured posi- three occurrences of the peculiar idiom within a tion, however irksome, and to hasten to New York space of fourteen lines. The letter has to do with to swell the already o'erburdened ranks of actual or a certain distinguished American traveller, of whom would-be free-lance journalists. we read : “... two keen, blue eyes, now wide open behind the gold pince-nez, are looking searchingly THE UNPOETIC APPEARANCE OF SOME POETS is a into yours, as though the owner is weighing your thing to try one's faith in Lavater. While Chaucer worth in a single glance. Then he talks. His voice and Suckling and Byron, and Longfellow and Lowell is a little hoarse . as though he is addressing a and Emerson, with many another that might be public meeting. ... The muscles of his face con- named, had the stamp and bearing of poets, Ben tract and relax and contract again as though he is in Jonson and Herrick and Goldsmith and the trooper acute pain.” Three instances we have here of “as | Coleridge and even the gentle Wordsworth would TILT OF THE LITERARY . 1910.] 7 THE DIAL hardly have been singled out from a crowd as are absolutely offensive. I have never seen “ Monna builders of the lofty rhyme. And now it is pretty Vanna on the stage, but am heartily in accord with well established that M. Maeterlinck, poet, mystic, the English authorities who excluded it therefrom. and dreamer, apostle of much that is daintily deli- We are sometimes told about the high moral purpose cate and subtly suggestive in thought and expression, of such productions; I do not believe that they have any. We are told that it is necessary to know all is in his outward person a hearty, strapping, broad- phases of life. It is necessary for the chemist to know shouldered, robustly healthy sort of man, who might a certain ill-smelling phosphorus compound; but even pass for nothing more than a stolid, beef-eating, his brother chemists would be outraged if he called ale-drinking country gentleman, devoted to the care them together for entertainment and then turned loose of his estates and the maintenance of the established a quantity of this substance. order. And we learn, not with displeasure, that he The opinion I have expressed may be that of a small is fond of working in his garden with a coarse apron and relatively insignificant minority. Nevertheless it tied about his generous waist and an old felt hat on may be worth expressing. Regard it, if you like, as a his head. matter of psychology. I go to see Maude Adams in “ Peter Pan” and “What Every Woman Knows," and A THACKERAY CLUB IN AMERICA, affiliated with come away delighted; I go to see Mrs. Fiske, and in the English association of like name, is proposed as spite of her great skill am disgusted and depressed. Is appropriate to the Thackeray centennial next year. it not possible that the naïve reactions of one who is no The Titmarsh Club in London will, it is expected, expert in the drama have a certain meaning and value ? take the lead in honoring Thackeray's memory, and T. D. A. COCKERELL. Boulder, Colorado, June 20, 1910. then or earlier would be a good time to organize herc a similar literary and dining society, expert in the post-prandial quotation of choice bits of Thackeray THE INACCURACY OF “SUFFRAGETTE.” wit and wisdom, and devoted, gastronomically, to (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) the dishes and wines known to have been the great In your issue of June 16 occurs an article by Mr. novelist's favorites or found to be most frequently Paul Shorey, entitled " Mill Revealed in His Letters." mentioned in his works. Such a club would be some- On page 418 this writer allows himself to be betrayed into the inaccuracy of using the term “suffragette thing of a novelty with us. We have our serious with reference to the woman's movement of Mill's day. Shakespeare societies and our Browning societies This should not be suffered to pass without a protest. and our literary associations of various sorts, but of The term, belittling and derisive in its origin and philo- convivial Omar Khayyam clubs and Johnson clubs logical connotation, is an unfortunate neologism of and Pepys clubs there is yet a lack. Why not, Why not, Hooligan antecedents, and has no application to any also, form a club to lead in the expected Dickens person of Mill's time, nor to the majority of the advo- demonstration of two years hence, and call it the cates of woman suffrage to-day. It is an expression Pickwick Club ? A new set of “Pickwick Papers which was hurled by London rowdies at Mrs. Pankhurst would be the natural literary manifestation of its and her group of so-called “millitant suffragists” in jovial existence. England, and belongs to no others whatsoever. That this militant group, in a spirit of bravado, chose to accept a title insultingly applied to them, does not bind other woman suffragists. The movement in behalf of COMMUNICATIONS. a full recognition of civil and political equality between men and women is as serious and free from hysteria A WORD ABOUT THE THEATRE. as any other of the political movements of our day, (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) and is entitled to the same decency in methods of con- “To make us pity his characters when they are vile troversy. • Suffragette," as a general term for women or love them when they are noxious, to invent excuses who are identified with this movement, is as inaccurate for them in situations when they cannot be excused, as it is unwarranted. JAMES F. MORTON, JR. in a word, to lie about his characters, - this is for the New York City, June 18, 1910. dramatist the one unpardonable sin. To it must be added a second, almost equally great — to allure the THE CULT OF ILLITERACY. audience to generalize falsely in regard to life at large, from the specific circumstances of his play." (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) These wise words were printed in THE DIAL of In my room at a summer resort in California I found June 16. I wish they might be inscribed in large letters tacked upon the wall a card bearing this inspiring motto: above every stage. On the page before, however, the “Let every noble thot in yu have expression.” In such fashion is illiteracy tot by those who have cot the mania same writer repeats a common saying, that “there is no such thing per se as an immoral subject for a play"; for “reform" in spelling. One of the first words that and here I must dissent. Yesterday I saw Mrs. Fiske succumbed out here was “programme.” Close upon the play “Becky Sharp" in Denver. She acted, I thought, heels of its abbreviation in print came its abbreviation with consummate skill. The piece is “orthodox” in pronunciation. “Progrum now prevails, “mono- enough, taken straight out of “classic" fiction, and the grum” is making headway in the smart stationery shops, house was filled with young and old, men and women, and “telegrum ”may often be heard. But what is the use who seemed to approve. Nevertheless, were I the only of argument or protest? De gustibus non disputandum living person who thought it, I should maintain that the seems the only refuge. W. A. B. play in general, and some of its situations in particular, Castle Crags, Shasta Co., Cal., June 17, 1910. 8 [July 1, THE DIAL DIAL The New Books. his bread, his father having deserted wife and family in the boy's infancy. He became a builder by trade, and was twice married, though it does THE LIFE OF A STRENUOUS PEACEMAKER.* not appear that he allowed himself many minutes “ A pugnacious pacificist” was the phrase out of the day for the enjoyment of his home. sometimes applied to Sir Randal Cremer, the In fact, we read of him : life-long laborer in the cause of international “ Few political men have lived so lonely a life as peace whose lamented death in 1908 has been Cremer in his later years. His large office was in reality followed now by a careful summary of his pub- his sleeping chamber. At the back of a book-case was a turn-down bed, which apparently he made himself; a lic services from the pen of his old friend and small gas-stove enabled him to prepare his own break- associate, Mr. Howard Evans. 6 Sir Randal fast. For the rest of the day he obtained his meals at Cremer: His Life and Work" presents, in three the House of Commons or elsewhere. This, however, hundred and fifty pages, an enviable record of was by no means an unpleasant hermitage. Lincoln's Inn Fields is a veritable rus in urbe. The rich foliage good works in many departments of philanthropy, of the extensive gardens altogether hid the houses on but especially in those that relate to the pro the opposite side of the square. Only from his third motion of harmony in the transaction of the floor front was it possible to get a glimpse of the dome world's affairs. That he was, however, by no of St. Paul's, and the graceful flêche of the Law Courts in the Strand.” means a man of one idea is plain from the wide range of public questions to which he turned Though he failed to secure a seat in Parlia- his attention,-compulsory and free education, ment until he was fifty-seven years old, he had public libraries, commons preservation, registra- from early manhood been interested in public tion reform, taxation of ground values, nation- questions and had early conceived the project alization of the land, religious equality, the right of international arbitration as a means of adjust- of free speech, the deliverance of trade unions ing international differences. In some scanty from judge-made law, the protection of weaker notes on his personal history, Cremer himself races, and the emancipation of oppressed peo has written, referring to the time of his young ples. But it is, of course, as the founder and manhood : for many years the head of the International “One evening there was a lecture on · Peace,' prob- Arbitration League that Cremer will be best ably given by a lecturer of the original Peace Society. The speaker advocated the settlement of international remembered. disputes by peaceful means instead of war. I listened From the ranks of the lowly and oppressed, with rapt attention, and next day I discussed the matter as might have been expected, this champion of with two or three shop-mates who had been present. the cause of right against might fought his way They pooh-poohed the idea, and declared that the world upward. From an early page of the biography | tinue to do so. had always settled its disputes by force and would con- That lecture sowed the seed of Inter- we copy the following: national Arbitration in my mind, though the word “ Cremer once gave the House of Commons some 'arbitration' had hardly been heard.” graphic reminiscences of the home of poverty in which he was brought up, when he opposed the proposal of Sir Soon after the young apprentice had listened Michael Hicks-Beach to levy a shilling duty on corn. to that lecture, which seems to have been an He said that when his mother, who kept a dame school, epoch-making event in his life, he took up his had only five or six shillings a week on which to keep residence in Brighton, where he joined a work- herself, him, and his two sisters, a two-pound loaf cost men's institute in which Frederick Robertson, eightpence. For breakfast the children had three thin slices of bread with a very thin scraping of butter, and the eloquent Brighton preacher, was warmly a cup of weak tea without milk or sugar. Dinner con- interested, and he frequently attended Robert- sisted of boiled duff — flour and water stewed together son's church. At Brighton it was, too, that he and boiled like a pudding -- with potatoes, and perhaps made his first political speech, on the occasion of once a week an ounce or two of meat. The tea was like the breakfast, and usually the children had to go to bed a parliamentary election. In 1852 he removed without supper, hungry as wolves.” to London, where he soon became active in the The eighty years of Cremer's life were so cause of shorter hours for labor an activity largely filled with public and philanthropic that lost him his position, but did not prevent labors that it is difficult to think of him as hav- his securing another. ing any private and domestic life of his own. It was in 1870, when England and the world His school education was of the most rudimen- were stirred by the outbreak of war between tary kind, cut short by the necessity of earning France and Germany, that Cremer formed his Workmen's Peace Committee which afterward *SIR RANDAL CREMER. His Life and Work. By Howard Evans. Published for the International School of Peace. developed into the International Arbitration Boston: Ginn & Co. League. Its first important work was the draft- 1910.] 9 THE DIAL re- ing of an “Outline of a Plan for the Establish- to the recipients. to the recipients. Of course, he did not object ment of a High Court of Nations,” which largely to a fair wage for any class of men, but he held anticipated the work of the Hague Conference. that the employer should that the employer should pay his own servants. Of Cremer's self-imposed missions to various More than once when arranging a social function countries in the cause of universal peace, of his he stipulated for the payment of a fixed sum to three visits to Washington, and of his life-long waiters, and nothing roused his resentment more zeal and industry in the work to which he had than to find the men who had been thus paid put his hand, Mr. Evans's pages give a detailed already cadging for further payment by the account and are likely to find many appreciative guests.' readers at this time. Concerning the peace Mr. Evans's long association with Cremer party's attitude toward the Boer War, the fol. he has been chairman of the Council of the Arbi- lowing from our author's pen is of interest. tration League since 1877—makes him the best “ Throughout Europe the British people were ro possible historian of his friend's public services. garded as a nation of sanctimonious hypocrites. At that The book, published for the International School time a Briton travelling abroad found it desirable to of Peace, is well calculated to further its cause. hide his origin as far as he could, which was not always easy. With the solitary exception of Yves Guyot, no A good portrait of Cremer, and other illustra- man in all France whose opinion was worth having had tions, are to be found within its covers. a word to say in our favour. One of my most bitter PERCY F. BICKNELL. recollections is that in Geneva, that ancient fastness of freedom, I sat in the English Garden, on an Easter holi- day, watching a grand procession of the trades, and was suddenly confronted with the collection-box in aid of the THE NAVAL CONQUEST OF CANADA.* Boer women and children. I gave my contribution with tears of shame. For the men whose pride and obstinacy Since its organization, three or four years brought us to such humiliation there can be no forgive- ago, the Champlain Society of Toronto has fully ness, for they trailed the fair fame of our own dear land justified its existence. Its publications in the dust before all Europe at the instigation of prints and original documents have come polyglot devotees of Mammon, who had degraded and debauched the Press alike in England and South Africa. out more slowly than was anticipated ; but The British nation which went trafficking in the crisis this has not been an unmixed evil, as it has of the war fever has since learned by bitter experience made for fuller and more careful editorial treat- that it cannot make war on the cheap, and to this day ment. The Society has so far been most for- it is suffering from the consequences of its folly." tunate in the men selected to edit its volumes, The award of the Nobel Peace Prize to and never more so than in its latest publication. Cremer in 1903, and his bestowal of it upon No one could have been found better equipped the Arbitration League as an endowment fund, to edit the “ Logs of the Conquest of Canada” are matters of recent history. His hesitating than the author of “The Fight for Canada.” acceptance of the knighthood twice offered him Colonel Wood admirably combines a clear, crisp, by Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, in the lat- ter's term as prime minister, was a sign on Cre- clear-headedness, and a genius for extracting and attractive style with scholarly balance and mer's part that, though he doubted the propriety of all such titular distinctions, he appreciated history. This genius was never more happily marrow from the most unpromising bones of the offer as an indirect recognition, in the highest applied than in the present case, for, as he quarters, of the value of the work accomplished justly says, “ nothing is drier than a ship’s log ; by the advocates of peace. Rather surprising not even Statutes at Large or the Anglo-Saxon to many, in view of woman's influence in the Chronicle.” That these logs have been made cause he had most at heart, was his vehement to yield an attractive as well as most valuable opposition to woman suffrage. He even issued story of the naval side of the campaigns in a tract, entitled “Shall Men or Women Rule the Canada, is no mean tribute to the skill of the World,” which gave thirty-three reasons why author. women should not vote; and in another called The book is divided into two equal parts, the “ Some of the Legal Privileges of Women ” he latter consisting of selections from the logs of argued that, instead of being treated unjustly His Majesty's ships in the Louisburg, Quebec, by the laws of the land, English women enjoyed and Montreal campaigns of 1758, 1759, and certain important legal rights and immunities 1760; and the former of editorial equipment, denied to men. Another characteristic aversion embracing a very full introduction, bibliog- of his was, as his biographer tells us, “ his dislike * THE LOGS OF THE CONQUEST OF CANADA. Edited, with to the tip system by which waiters were paid, an Introduction, by Lt.-Colonel William Wood. Toronto: which he regarded as degrading and demoralizing The Champlain Society. 10 [July 1, THE DIAL raphy, and cartography. Three charts, and a • A sak of strawe were there ryght good, plan to illustrate the logs, are placed in a For some must lyg them in theyr hood; I had as lefe be in the wood, pocket at the end of the volume. Without or meat or drynk: Why, asks Colonel Wood, is it worth while, and very well worth while, to edit a selection • For when that we shall go to bedde, The pumpe was nygh our beddes hede; from the logs of the ships engaged in the cam- A man were as good be ded, paigns that determined the British conquest of As smell thereof the stynk.' Canada ? And he gives this answer : The strange thing is that when ships and crews “These logs are the simplest and least self-conscious of all records; because they are the record of the Navy's were so manifestly better with a clean bilge, work there; because the fleets were relatively stronger boiled drinking-water, and a working ventilator, forces than the armies; because, in addition to their own such simple precautions were so much neglected.” work, they gave their armies enormous advantages over The following account of the “ fore-bitter" the enemy in every detail of ordnance, commissariat, transport, mobility, scouting, and military intelligence; (corresponding to the sing-song of the present because, as all the seas in the world are interdependent, day) will be of general interest. every squadron of the British Navy was an integral part “The singer took his stand on the fore-bitts, which of the single overwhelming force which was then the were massive ends of timber, rising to a convenient prime deciding factor in the greatest of all imperial height from the deck close to the fore-mast. He had wars waged for oversea dominion; and, finally, because no instrumental accompaniment. He sang his hatchet- the public, and the Canadian public in particular, have made verses to monotonous airs, and he nearly always not yet found out the one true point of view. They all wound up with a rather obvious moral. But he and his admit that the conquest was effected by the joint forces audience knew nothing of self-conscious pose. Singer, of the United Service, and not by either the Army or song, and audience were all intent on the direct expres- Navy alone. But the stock saying, that Wolfe was sion of a seaman's idea of his own life, its dangers and “supported by a fleet,' completely inverts the nature troubles, its aspiration and achievement, and its ideal of and functions of the two constituent parts of this United a home. Dibdin's songs, of course, were never popular at Service. What really happened was that Saunders, sea (as Kipling's have never been in the army); though whose great fleet was working out one phase of a world- they have taught innumerable landsmen more things in wide amphibious war, was supported by Wolfe, whose heaven and earth than were dreamt of in the seaman's small army was used as a local landing party at Quebec.” own philosophy. The really popular airs and verses were, The primary object of Colonel Wood's like all other folklore, the variants of compositions by scholarly Introduction is, therefore, to establish unknown singers, who received and handed down by oral tradition whatever best suited them and their audience." his contention that the conquest of Canada was One more quotation, from a letter written in the work of the army and the navy in coöpera- 1756 by a naval officer to a young cousin about tion, and that the dominating force was the fleet. to enter the service, is eloquent of the condi- To this argument he brings an imposing array of tions which gently-nurtured midshipmen had to proof, and incidentally affords us many graphic face a century and a half ago. pictures of life on board His Majesty's ships of “Your light for day and night is a small candle, war in the middle of the eighteenth century. which is often stuck at the side of your platter for Men were recruited by “pressing” and by meals, for want of a better convenience. Your victuals “presting.” Pressing was taking a man whether are salt and often bad; and if you would vary the mode he liked it or not; presting was giving him a of dressing them you must cook yourself. I would recommend you always to have tea and sugar; the rest shilling as a “prest,” by accepting which he you must trust to, for you'll scarce find room for any bound himself to be "prest” or “ready" to more than your chest and hammock, and the latter at serve. The press-gang, under an officer, attended times you must carry upon deck to defend you from to both forms of recruiting. Sanitation on board small shot, unless you keep one of the sailors in fee with a little brandy. Low company is the bane of all ship was almost unknown. An official return of young men; but in a man-of-war you have the collected the period gives the following startling results : filth of jails. . . . You will find some little outward Of 184,893 seamen and marines employed dur appearance of religion ... and Sunday prayers, but ing the war, 1512 were killed in action or by the congregation is generally drove together by the accident, and 133,708 died by sickness or were boatswain, who neither spares oaths nor blows.” missing! There was, as Colonel Wood says, Altogether, these “ Logs of the Conquest of “nothing new in the sickness and discomfort Canada,” with the double light they throw on induced by bilge-water. The oldest genuine sea the operations of the fleet at Louisburg, Quebec, song known in the English tongue describes and Montreal, on the one hand, and on the his- exactly what happened during the Canadian tory, character, and personnel of the navy, on campaigns on board ships whose logs contained the other, form a most important contribution no entries of Employed starting salt water,' or to American historical literature. • Ventulater keept working.' LAWRENCE J. BURPEE. top 1910.] 11 THE DIAL slight accession of certainty and happiness”; GOING TO THE ANT.* with the more complicated habits and specialized High-water mark in American biological instincts of the driver and legionary ants, of the scholarship has certainly been attained in Pro- harvesting ants, and of those which grow subter- fessor William Morton Wheeler's extensive and ranean fungus gardens, attend herds and flocks scholarly work upon “ Ants, their Structure, of plant-lice, scale insects, tree-hoppers and Development, and Behavior” (The Columbia caterpillars, and mayhap store for the time their University Press), the result of a decade of garnered dairy products in certain " replete” uninterrupted study of these most interesting members of the colony; with the slave-makers of all the so-called lower forms of life. The and amazons, and the more degenerate slavers voluminous world-literature of the subject—the and permanent social parasites. extent of which may be judged by the fact that The philoprogenitive instincts and social the author lists seventy pages of titles — has habits of ants have made possible intimate rela- also been ransacked to bring together all avail tions between themselves and other animals, able information supplementary to the author's resulting in a perplexing assemblage of assasins, own intensive and thoroughgoing investigations. scavengers, satellites, guests, commensals, and The work appeals to a wide range of readers. parasites, which are found in their nests. In- The zoologists and entomologists will find all of deed, nearly four hundred species of beetles its pages replete with learning, and invaluable as and other insects are amicably treated, licked, an authoritative source of trustworthy informa- fondled, fed, and even reared, by ants! The tion on all phases of myrmecology. The general instincts of ants form a fascinating subject for reader interested in natural science will discover the naturalist, the physiologist, the psychologist, that the larger part of the book is devoted to sub and surely also for the sociologist of biological jects of unusual interest, written with clearness sympathies. This subject is treated at length and remarkable freedom from special pleading from an objective standpoint. The encyclopædic for pet evolutionary hypotheses or bias toward nature of the work is enhanced by appendices unproved theories, and from sensationalism. dealing with the methods of collecting ants and While it is strictly scientific in its search for the of keeping them under observation in formi- truth, the reader cannot fail to be infected by caries. A key to the caries. A key to the genera and sub-genera of the author's warm enthusiasm for his subject. North American ants, and a list of described The ants are a dominant group among insects, North American species, with their distribution, as a result of their unusual variability, wide are also given. Practical methods of extermin- distribution, numerical ascendency, longevity, ating noxious ants are also discussed. The work abandonment of detrimental specialization, and is authoritative, encyclopædic, intensely interest- great versatility in their relations to plants and ing to the biologist and naturalist, and exception- other animals. They exhibit a high degree of ally attractive to all who are interested in natural social organization, based upon a remarkable history. CHARLES ATWOOD KOFOID. structural and functional differentiation among the members of the colony. They thus exhibit, among still existing types of colonies, many THE FIELD OF FICTION.* phases in the probable course of evolution of the complicated polymorphisms and unique diversi To those who find in fiction the most signifi- ties of instinct. The author discusses, among cant reflection of contemporaneous life and its other interesting topics, the development of ants most important literary product, a survey of the and the remarkable maternal instincts found in origin and development of its types, and of the queens and workers, the light thrown upon the work of writers of the past as well as of the past history of ants by forms found fossil in present, possesses abiding interest. amber, and the structure and construction of Taking the brief narrative with its one uni- ants' nests. Other chapters are devoted to those fied impression ” as his type, Professor Canby, rare and primitive groups of ants which repre * THE SHORT STORY IN ENGLISH. By Henry Seidel sent the oldest existing expression of social life, Canby, Ph.D. New York: Henry Holt & Co. WOMAN'S WORK IN ENGLISH FICTION, from the Resto- the stage in which — to use Maeterlinck's ration to the Mid-Victorian Period. By Clara H. Whitmore, words — we have passed from the “ precarious A.M. NewYork: G. P. Putnam's Sons. and incomplete egoistic to a social life with its MASTERS OF THE ENGLISH NOVEL: A Study of Prin- ciples and Personalities. By Richard Burton. New York: *ANTS. Their Structure, Development, and Behavior. Henry Holt & Co. By William Morton Wheeler. LEADING AMERICAN NOVELISTS. By John Erskine, Ph.D. lan Co. Illustrated. New York: Henry Holt & Co. New York: The Macmil- 12 (July 1, THE DIAL in his account of “The Short Story in English,” endeavor to emphasize a certain point of view. traces the progress of this type through the his- Many women writers have sunk into an oblivion tory of its changing fashions, beginning with the from which, she claims, their intrinsic merit religious tales of Anglo-Saxon times and con should have preserved them; and she believes tinuing through the products of the centuries, this misfortune due to the fact that most books moulded by various influences, to the result of on literature have been written from the man's these shaping forces seen in “ the powerful en standpoint. Her book has been written from the gine for the expression of life” — the extremely - the extremely woman's point of view. To portray women writ- technicalized short story of to-day. The stages ers, and women's and the woman's outlook upon in this development are interestingly marked. | life and its interpretation, is her aim. Just The Roman Church influence is succeeded by what the feminine viewpoint is, however, seems the influence of mediæval France, with its fab as difficult to state definitely in a treatise on liaux, lais, and contes dévots. Then Chaucer, Then Chaucer, fiction as in a study of life. The task, perhaps, renascent Italy, and France, in a new wave of belongs more properly to the psychologist than tendency, exert their sway. The English essay to the literary historian; and our author for ists next take a hand in the shaping of the form, the most part leaves it to the psychologist —or until writers in the sweep of the romantic move to someone else, — and in this respect piques ment prepare the way for Poe the first indi without satisfying our interest. Once or twice vidual of commanding importance in the history she comes boldly out to emphasize certain char- of short-story writing. After Poe, the emphasis acteristically feminine qualities, as introspection on technique, though intensifying the effect, and quickness in grasping motives and passions artificializes the form, as is well recognized in underlying action. Woman's view of life as the typical work of the day. What the present represented in fiction is shown, however, to be tendencies are, and what the future will bring largely objective. Women have developed the forth, seem not too difficult to judge. historical novel; have brought the novel of mys- “Our modern short story began as technique for a tery to a high state of perfection, but have left worthy effect. In lesser hands, at least, it is degenerat- the most enduring stamp on literature as realists. ing into a technique whose effect is merely technical. The specific word, the rapid introduction, the stressed All of which goes, perhaps, to suggest a not climax, the careful focus and the studied tone, are too uncharacteristic inconsistency. It should be often the masters, not the servants, of the story. Facil noted that this book portrays a succession of ity is widespread, artificiality rampant. Scores of well- personalities, and that the author's intention is known short-story writers prepare to ascend their little evidently to reveal or suggest the type through peaklet of narrative accoutered like Tartarin in his Alpine regalia, equipped not for their Rigi but Mont them, rather than to regard the type as the main Blanc. In so recent a collection as · Plain Tales from thing and them as incidental or merely illustra- the Hills,' the effort is already as patent as the success. tive. The method of the writer here, then, is When our tastes are a little more jaded by the nervous just the reverse of that of Professor Canby; endeavor of the modern short-story, many and many a successful tale will seem as false in taste as the vapidities and hers is a far simpler task. Miss Whitmore's of the Euphuists. A less labored story must come back. book is an enlarged master's thesis ; and it has The movement will be towards the ideal of Chaucer and some of the defects of its qualities. It suggests away from the strenuosity of Poe.” the student rather than the real critic in its It is a far cry, in Professor Canby's narrative, frequent and lengthy citations of the opinions from Aelfric to “O. Henry.” A wide gap of of others. An irritating rather than a serious centuries has to be spanned. It is no easy task fault is the overlooking of several misprints to pioneer in the detailed and careful tracing of like “ Maria Edgewood” (p. 102) and “ Rodney his type through such a period, and the writer in Crawley” (p. 164). A matter of greater im- several instances lays himself open to criticism : portance is the allotting of so little space as a but he has dared and done, and done well. He couple of pages to so great a figure as George has written seriously yet interestingly of our Eliot. Generally, the strength of the work does most significant modern literary type and of its not lie in the treatment of the greatest writers. development from its origins; and he has accom- Perhaps the chief value of the book lies in its plished a praiseworthy feat in linking its vital bringing to light again forgotten or half-forgot- present with its instructive past. ten names — such as Margaret of Newcastle, Like Professor Canby, Miss Clara Whitmore Mrs. Haywood, and the "Sidney Biddulph has devoted herself to the study of a special class of Mrs. Sheridan ; in its suggesting the real of fiction. He, however, interests us chiefly by importance of time-dimmed figures in their tracing the evolution of a type; she, by the contribution to the history and development of 1910.] 13 THE DIAL Such an fiction ; and its emphasizing frequently both note. Professor Erskine has focused his atten- the salient characteristics of a writer's work tion on six figures: Brown, Cooper, Simms, and her relation to the general scheme. As Hawthorne, Mrs. Stowe, Bret Harte. To each of a handy reference-book, and a chart of the these he allots a chapter, headed by a full-page woman-novelist field previous to 1865, it has its illustration of the author dealt with. useful place. arrangement, with its suggestion of emphasized Characteristics of the work of Professor mechanical divisions of the subject into just so Burton are generally recognized. In his study many or just so few parts, has this disadvan- of the “ Masters of the English Novel” it is not tage that it may recall to mind the method his object primarily to grub for the origin of a of the grade-school text-book; also, where only type and laboriously to track its evolution ; nor few authors are chosen for criticism and where does he attempt to force a way into brambly not all are of the highest class, it accentuates and neglected by-paths of literature seeking for the relative unimportance of the minor figures. modest merit lowly laid. His course stretches William Gilmore Simms, for instance, seems over literary heights. There he paces with the hardly to deserve the height of his pedestal; practised tread and assured step of one on con and to devote almost a seventh of one's space to genial ground and at home in high places, yet Harriet Beecher Stowe appears too wanton an not unmindful of the world below and of an assertion of the poverty of our American pro- author's relation to it. He treats the greatest duct in fiction. More lives, more life, and less novelists — Richardson through Hardy-show-protracted criticism in the case of minor work, ing what part they played in the development would have better covered the field and revealed of the novel, and what part the novel played as a truer sense of proportion. In the details of a depicter of the spirit of the times. One feels his criticism, however, one follows Professor that the writer is no novice at his task. At Erskine with confidence. Although he disclaims times, however, one pauses long before accepting an attempt at originality in final judgments, some of his critical dicta. Remembering some endeavoring to render the opinion of the best of the most famous or notorious novels of the critics of to-day rather than his own individual century, one may question, for instance, such a impressions, he deserves commendation for show- generalization as this : ing excellent taste in choosing his sources, and, “ The novel seems to have been the special literary instead of tiresomely quoting, for fusing all his instrument in the eighteenth century for the propaga material into a well-rendered and generally con- tion of altruism; here lies its deepest significance.' vincing form. What is said in different parts Also, one may think Fielding too much depre- of his book — especially of Brown, Hawthorne, ciated in comparison with Smollett. Condem- Cooper, and Bret Harte – is illuminating, and nation of Coleridge's opinion of the plot of suggests the taste of the true critic. He is “Tom Jones,” and invidious praise of Smollett's generally consistent in his critical attitude. The characterization, are judgments in which not all separate stars in his galaxy of critical opinion would care to coincide. They do, however, They do, however, go together to make up a “firmament of light.” prepare us for Professor Burton's appreciation One would especially recommend the book for of Dickens, and for his mention of " Henry its well-stated and deep critical generalizations; Esmond” and “ The Tale of Two Cities” in and its author for giving evidence of possession of the same breath, naming the latter first. The the “ seeing eye,” and for revealing himself as a book is excellently appreciative of Hardy, and worthy seeker of the light—a consistent follower fairly so of Scott and Stevenson ; and if it of the Gleam. STEPHEN FAUNCE SEARS. lauds Dickens in accordance with the grow ing fashion of our day, it also does justice to Thackeray. One finds in the book the reflective GERMANY IN AMERICA,* work of a class-room lecturer, vivifying familiar The arise in many minds, Why question may names and writing stimulating criticism with depth of purpose and an attractive style. attempt to separate out the contribution of any " Leading American Novelists,” by Professor nationality to the rapidly blending population John Erskine, is a needed book in a promising of the United States ? Is this not to emphasize field. The value of American fiction, in its and perpetuate the racial differences and preju- scope, development, and significance, has been * THE GERMAN ELEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. With Special Reference to its Political, Moral, Social, and Educa- so inadequately recognized that a worthy con- tional Influence. By Albert Bernhardt Faust. In two vol- tribution to the subject is deserving of especial umes. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. 14 [July 1, THE DIAL in dices which we hope to obliterate? Perhaps hooks for the little tags of detailed criticism. such a use might be made of the works that The contents table is clear and full, and the illus- have resulted from Mrs. Catherine Seipp's trative plates and maps and tables are numer- prizes, offered in 1904, for the best essays on ous and genuinely helpful as a rule. Firmian the German Element in the United States. But (p. 235, I.) is not a principality; Waldo's son if interest and pride in ancestry and nationality lived in Frankfurt at the Lutherhaus, not at are themselves justifiable — and who will doubt and who will doubt the house of Luther (p. 258, I.); there is no this? then Professor Faust's work on this prominent Mennonite colony “Germania subject is justified. And for the Germans, Kansas (p. 501, I.); and the work of C. B. more than for other nationalities perhaps, such Schmidt, Immigration Commissioner of the a summary of their worth and achievements was A. T. & S. F. Ry., in establishing German col- called for because, since the employment of onies, might well have been mentioned. But German mercenaries in the British army during these are very minor matters. the Revolutionary War, there has existed more Professor Faust has brought his material or less unreasoning prejudice against them, down to date, and has furnished a work that manifested under the ignorant application of may almost be called monumental. He writes the would-be contemptuous epithet “ Dutch” “ Dutch" simply and clearly. He has presented very justly to all persons of Teutonic origin, saving Anglo a survey of the really notable contribution of Saxons and Scandinavians. Germany to the commercial, religious, and edu- Inevitably, the task set by Mrs. Seipp must cational life of the United States, — a survey ever be an incompleted one. But for all that, that may serve both for the gratification of the the beginning could not be put off indefinitely. patriotic German here or in Germany, and for Several earlier attempts had been made to sur the illumination of the non-Germans who too vey the German element in the United States, often underestimate that contribution. and a number of Germanistic societies have W. H. CARRUTH. been engaged for twenty years in gathering materials in particular German centres — nota- bly the German-American Historical Society of NEW STUDIES IN FRENCH LITERATURE.* Pennsylvania. Professor Faust found, there- fore, much material ready to hand, while for In view of the studies of French literature by some ten years he had been preparing for the Saintsbury and Dowden— to mention only two, undertaking. In the nature of the case, he and the translation into English of Brune- could not visit and examine personally all the tiére's Manual, a new work on so comprehensive German settlements and institutions in our and important a subject must show cause for its country, but he has shown due diligence in appearance. Mrs. Anna Lemp Konta’s “ His- gathering by correspondence much first-hand tory of French Literature” does not lack in material. comprehensiveness, certainly, since it extends In the two large volumes of his work he treats from the oath of Strasburg to “Chantecler”. his subject first historically and then topically. which, by the way, is steadily misprinted This leads naturally to some repetition; but with “ Chanticler" in her pages. Nor is it impossi- so large a mass of material it was certainly well ble to say some pleasant things of the book. In to resort to this method of making it accessible general, and especially when dealing with the from different points of view. modern period, the author exhibits an intelligent It is not remarkable that Professor Faust's grasp upon essentials and in a sketchy way makes work often assumes the tone of a defence and a a story that, while very readable, is not untrust- eulogy. Occasionally this tone might have been worthy because of ignorance or eccentricity. She subdued. In the opening chapter, for instance, is, too, keenly aware of latter-day manifestations. the claim of Mercator, a native of Belgium, of Her method admits of frequent quotation, and -yrker in Ericson's problematic voyage to this, in a work for the most part frankly deriva- America, of Fabian, a Swiss, as representatives tive, adds to its value, and has been used in the of the German element would justify extending main with discretion, although at times it makes he claim to include the entire Anglo-Saxon the page a patchwork rather than one blending. portion of the English-Scotch settlers. But on But to go further and claim for the book dis- the whole this tendency to claim credit is not tinction of manner, or the philosophic correla- unpleasantly obvious. * THE HISTORY OF FRENCH LITERATURE. By Anna Neither does a careful inspection reveal many Lemp Konta. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 1910.] 15 THE DIAL tions which such a work, to become first-rate, ume, "At the Library Table" (Badger), is agreeably demands, would be going altogether too far. sprinkled with worldly-wise observations, besides There is a failure in English idiom which at containing many of the expected praises of first edi- times gives a naive effect to the style; and one tions and Cobden-Sanderson bindings, and notes on other matters familiar to bibliophilosophical persons. could write a volume concerning disagreements The title of the book is also that of the first chapter, and corrections, when it comes to details. In which has, of course, nothing to do with the public- the chapter on the Modern Drama, for example, library table, a piece of furniture evidently abhorred Brieux is disposed of by the remark that he by Mr. Joline almost as much as he dislikes a card- “has come to be accepted as a satirist of a sort," catalogue and sundry other appurtenances of “the which seems peculiarly mal à propos in view of people's university" a frame of mind natural and that distinguished playwright's recent election permissible in one who enjoys the possession of a to the Academy. Or again, in the treatment good library of his own. Chapter two contains the of Zola, to declare that the trilogy of the cities diverting “Deliberations of a Dofob” (a Dofob, we “has not enhanced his reputation " is certainly infer from the context, being a “D-d Old Fool On to make a mistake in relative values. The chap- Books”). Then come two more chapters of mingled literary and reminiscent character, and finally two ter on Recent Poetry is an extreme illustration longer disquisitions on William Harrison Ainsworth of the danger of trying to summarize important and G. P. R. James. A footnote in the James article writers by a line or a phrase ; nor can one accept questions the truth of the report that the novelist of the sweeping statement that “French genius solitary-horseman fame was sometimes called George does not lean to lyricism.” The description of Prince Regent James, and that many even believed Rostand's new drama has mistakes which cannot this to be his real name. On this point Mr. George but awaken suspicion as to the critic's method; Cary Eggleston's lately-published" Recollections" she is wrong in saying that one of the actors has a few authoritative words, from which it appears steps before the curtain and announces it as a that the curious appellation originated in Richmond, play of animals, and wrong again in saying that where it gained common currency and was considered it is written in modern French pentameters, peculiarly apt. Mr. Joline shows himself a good hater of automobiles and motor-cycles, a stanch since it is, of course, written in Alexandrines. defender of General McClellan, no admirer of Or— to go back a little-in speaking of George Charles Sumner, nor of "the deified murderer and Sand the author says that this great novelist horse-thief, John Brown,” nor, finally, of “the mod- read the principal works of Locke, Bacon, Rous ern smooth-faced devotee of the safety razor, who seau, Aristotle, Pascal, Montaigne, and other freely permits the unattractive contour of his mouth masters, and then comments : “ Her literary to betray the imperfections of his character.” But talent proceeds from these authors; personal we all have our ingrained likes and dislikes. He has inspiration has added to it a stamp of original- permitted his pen, or his printer, to speak of Mr. ity,”— to put it mildly, an odd “Crother” and the poet “Keat”-or, rather, he of expressing way has used the possessives “Crother's" and "Keat's," the thought. A good word should be said for which is practically the same to the critical eye. On the chapter on the French Press, a phase of the whole, Mr. Joline has given us a worthy successor letters too often overlooked. to the “Meditations of an Autograph Collector One could wish that with a book so readable, and “The Diversions of a Book Lover.” which avoids the sin of dulness, more accuracy Mr. Percival Lowell is an artist in might have been attained, and the organic rela The beginnings the writing of popular books on tions of the subject so presented as to bring of worlds. the study into a truer unity. astronomy. While, as is well known, his chief interests lie with the planet Mars, con- RICHARD BURTON. cerning which he has published two interesting works, he has lately produced a volume of wider range, entitled “The Evolution of Worlds” (Mac- millan). Like all his books, this one is a delight to BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. the eye, being sumptuously printed, tastefully bound, The diverting Mr. Adrian Hoffman Joline is not and finely illustrated. The elegance of its make-up reflections of only an enthusiastic autograph is well matched by the fascinating style in which it a book-lover. collector and a true lover of books; is written. The title of this latest essay on astro- he is also sufficiently a man of affairs, being a New nomical evolution is somewhat larger than the York lawyer in active practice, to be saved from subject; for the author confines himself to a con- the pitiable fate not uncommon to bibliophiles, of sideration of the birth of a system like that of our becoming possessed with the notion that the world of sun and its attendant planets. The systems of books is the only real world, and the outside universe double-stars, which bestrew the sky by the tens of its grossly imperfect imitation. Hence his chatty vol thousands, are not studied. The original hypothet- 9 and the end 16 [July 1, THE DIAL disintegrated, and the ruins assume the form of a av says : ical nebula, from which Laplace traced the develop- regarded as dietetic blunders. But Dr. Woods ment of our system, is relegated to the astronomical Hutchinson has with equal emphasis declared that ash-heap. Mr. Lowell says: “ Darwin's theory dis our digestive machinery need not be and ought not tinctly avers that we were not descended from to be considered as so delicately adjusted a mechan- monkeys; and Laplace's fire-mist under modernism ; it calls for coarse as well as fine material, examination evaporates away.” To account for the hence the reason of “shredded doormats” on our origin of our system we are introduced to the more breakfast table. In treating of methods of work, modern speculation that some dark star, feeling its the author makes regularity and method all-essential, way by the starlight through the darkness of infinite even for literary workers, asserting that “most suc- space, comes into collision with another star, or at cessful artists and authors even learn this lesson best barely grazes it. Titanic forces are thus finally, and, instead of waiting for inspiration, drive themselves to the task at a given time, and grind away regardless of desire for rest till a reasonable spiral nebula. From this beginning of our family work is done.” It is more than doubtful if the best of planets, Mr. Lowell leaps lightly over unmeasured creative work in literature has been done in this æons of time, and proceeds to describe the inner plodding fashion. “We cannot kindle when we will group of planets — chiefly Mercury and Venus, as the fire which in the heart resides.” Among the pen- we see them to-day with special reference to the slips that have crept into the book, some imp of the observations made at his own observatory at Flag- | ink-bottle has made the author write “60 dollars” staff, Arizona. The asteroids and the large outer as the equivalent of “eight hundred francs” – in planets are next described in illuminating fashion. the very chapter that inculcates the necessity of The reader is then in position to understand better accuracy. “Climatic” occurs, intentionally or other- the ensuing discussion of the formation of the planets wise, apparently in the sense of “climacteric.” And, from the spiral nebula, and of their subsequent his finally, the eminent scientist allows himself the tory as the heated masses gradually become cold, and etymologically unscientific if not downright mean- fit for the support of life analogous to that on the ingless phrase, “to perpetrate senile views.” But earth. This part of the argument is beset with these are comparative trifles. As the well-pondered numerous pitfalls for even the wariest feet, which utterance of one speaking from ample personal the author seems to realize, when he “ Attack knowledge - knowledge - even though the chapter on How to ing the subject in this judicial spirit, the reader can Die” necessarily lacks the note of actual experience hardly expect one to satisfy him with a cosmogony - the book commands and will receive the ready entirely home-made, but at best to pursue a happy attention of many readers. middle course between creator and critic, advocating The historians have written much, only such portions as happen to be my own, while Home activity sternly exposing the mistakes of others.” Having and somewhat minutely, of economic and civil conditions in the South in led us in this manner through the history of the planets down to our own day, Mr. Lowell goes the days of the Confederacy, but conditions in the further and considers the death of a world. The North during the War have received less attention. moon is already dead; Mars is going into senility. With the exception of a short chapter in Mr. Rhodes's Even the sun itself, now so plethoric with energy, History, little has hitherto been done to exhibit the will some day lose its last spark. “Ghost-like it industrial and social side of life in the Northern States from 1861 to 1865. Hence Dr. Emerson will travel through space, unknown, unheralded, David Fite's “Social and Industrial Conditions in till another collision shall cause it to take a place again among the bright company of heaven.” The the North During the Civil War” (Macmillan) is cycle of change is then finished, and a new cycle industry languished, in the North every industry a needed work. While in the Confederacy every has begun. made unprecedented progress, and at the end of the Dr. Henry Smith Williams is in war the North was actually wealthier than in 1861. The pursuit of happiness. many ways qualified to speak author This progress was due, as Dr. Fite shows, not alone itatively on the rules to be followed to the artificial stimulus of the war, but it was based in order to secure comfort of body and peace of on solid economic foundations. Of new conditions mind. His book on “The Science of Happiness" brought about by the war, one of the most interest- (Harper) forms an excellent manual of self-culture, ing was the tendency toward consolidation. This was physical and mental, and is of a literary quality that seen not only in the centralization of the government, makes it pleasant reading, didactic and moralizing but in the combination of transportation agencies, though its tone necessarily is. The problem of happi- of capital, of manufacturing plants, of banking and ness he considers under four aspects — the physical, telegraph systems. Local railway lines were com- the mental, the social, and the moral. In his gen bined to make trunk systems; capitalists pooled eral directions for bodily health, he makes right eat their resources, and manufacturers drew together ing so fine an art that “every indigestible particle to monopolize certain fields of production. Popular of food taken into the stomach, and every particle education was stimulated by the war, though the of any kind in excess of what is needed are to be enrolment fell off for a time in the best colleges. at the North in the Civil War. 1910.] 17 THE DIAL The socialistic programme. not a The nouveau riche flourished, but in the North as have to do, in part, with Clytæmnestra and Ægys- in the South the finest expression of popular feeling thus, Cleopatra and Antony, Lear and his daughters, was in the charitable and relief work conducted Romeo and Juliet, and various other ancient or mainly for the benefit of the soldiers. Yet while semi-mythological personages, one must be preter- industries made progress, and capital was multiplied, naturally credulous to take the packet of letters in the average laborer was pinched by hard times. sober earnest. The local color, too, and the inci- Wages did not rise to correspond with the increased dental allusions are not studied with wearisome cost of living, and the development of labor-saving accuracy, nor were they intended to pass muster machinery prevented the laborers who remained at with the severely critical. Lighter and shorter and work from profiting by the absence of those who more colloquial than Landor's "Imaginary Con- served in the army. Dr. Fite's work shows a thor versations,” these letters are in many instances ough acquaintance with the material relating to the written (supposedly) by women, and are hence the subject; it is interesting in itself, and valuable for ready medium of much amusing gossip and some reference. equally amusing spitefulness. The author enjoys a In a volume entitled “Revolution, free hand in whitewashing any historic character and Other Essays " (Macmillan) Mr. that may have fallen into a disrepute which he Jack London gathers together a thinks unmerited. Messalina, for instance, he pic- baker's dozen of brief papers written within the last tures as an angel of innocence and the unhappy ten years, and treating chiefly of the capital-and- victim of envy and malice. victim of envy and malice. Marcus Aurelius, on labor question and the general iniquity of the present the other hand, appears as a tiresome pedant, wear- order of things in our society and government. ing the aspect of “a barber who catered for the Much is said, first and last, of the prosperous folk aristocracy,” as the author expresses it, with some who go on “prattling sweet ideals and dear moral confusion of trades. Among the moderns, Heine ities,” blissfully unconscious of the volcano on which and Goethe and Peter the Great are familiarly their prosperity rests, and which some day will introduced. But, on the whole, it is when dealing burst and make havoc of all these smug prattiers of with personages of antiquity or mythology that Mr. sweet ideals and dear moralities. The revolutionists Baring lets himself go with most effect. As a that are to effect this righting of wrongs are counted pleasant reminder of our schoolday studies as seven million strong, and continually increasing. painful reminder of how much we have forgotton The writer does a service in calling renewed atten- since then the book is excellent vacation reading. tion, in language idiomatically forceful, to some of The laureate of the Confederacy is the defects and injustice of the existing social order, The laureate of the distinction claimed for the author and especially to the frightful hardships now suf- of “Maryland, My Maryland” by fered by the poorest classes among the unskilled laborers; but his comparison of the average cave- Mr. Matthew Page Andrews in his recent edition of “The Poems of James Ryder Randall” (The dweller's lot with that of the thousands of over- Tandy-Thomas Co.). To this judgment, admirers worked and underfed men, women, and children of the present day, hardly establishes the primitive Nevertheless, the editor of the present volume brings of Ryan and Timrod will give but tardy assent. man's greater immunity from suffering and danger, and leaves out of account his vastly lower state of to the support of his position the alleged assertion of Oliver Wendell Holmes that “My Maryland” was civilization as compared with that of the modern world. We cannot, even viewing the world through and he might have urged in further support of his " the greatest of all poems produced by the War”; the socialist's or the nihilist's spectacles, believe that it has been retrograding through all the centuries, body of war verses than did either of his rivals. But position that Randall composed a considerably larger or that revolution, in the commonly accepted sense in justice to all concerned, it should be said that, of the term, is to be the ultimate salvation of the race. Some of Mr. London's pages are personal with the exception of his famous battle-song, Randall and autobiographical in character, and hence of wrote little that can compare with the best that Timrod and Ryan did. The volume contains, besides peculiar interest. The book contains food for the war-lyrics, about fifty other short pieces, the thought, and its style is the opposite of wearisome. bulk of them either personal and reminiscential in A passing apt quotation from Erasmus both sur- prises and delights the bookish reader. nature, or of the knee-buckle variety. Few of these display much of freshness or of finish, and still fewer Imaginary Mr. Maurice Baring's “ Dead Let exhibit anything of power. In an interesting intro- correspondence ters" (Houghton) must have been duction, however, the editor makes it plain why with the great. as amusing in the writing as they Randall did not accomplish greater things: like are in the reading. Appearing first in the London most of his fellow-poets of the South, he could not “Morning Post," they entertained many readers, bring himself to look upon verse-making as a serious and, incredible though it may appear, imposed upon business, but conceived of it merely as a more or less not a few who, by the author's confession, wrote to respectable sort of diversion. But that Randall had him requests for further details from his secret keen insight into things, and was capable of strong sources of information. As these imaginary sources feeling and of considerable power in expressing it the Lost Cause. 18 . [July 1, THE DIAL 66 - measures. is clearly shown by the account given of his life and The present overflow of Roosevelt enthusiasm finds work, chiefly in the field of journalism. Moreover, appropriate expression in Mr. John T. McCutcheon's he possessed a large soul, and was the most modest new volume, “T. R. in Cartoons,” issued by Messrs. and unselfish of men. A. C. McClurg & Co. The cartoons, of which there are over a hundred, originally appeared in The Chicago If The human anyone doubts that dogs have Tribune," and are accompanied by a preface in which quality of some power so nearly resembling Mr. McCutcheon cleverly describes the ex-President as the dog. reason that it is not worth while to “a cornucopia of suggestions for cartoon material.” hunt for another name by which to call it, let him From Messrs. Frederick A. Stokes Company come the read Mr. Henry C. Merwin's “Dogs and Men” first two volumes in a new series of monographs to be called “Garden Flowers in Colors." Each volume con- (Houghton), reprinted, with illustrations and a few tains eight illustrations of flowers in life-like colors additions, from “The Atlantic Monthly." The reproduced with unusual skill and care by the same human feeling that throbs in the canine heart and engravers who produced the illustrations for the looks out of the canine eye is dwelt upon and exem- Masterpieces in Color.” The text gives outlines of plified in a most interesting way, and the author the histories and classifications of the flowers, practical even goes so far as to declare that “the mission of directions for their culture, lists of varieties best suited the dog — I say it with all reverence - is the same for special purposes, and chapters on common insect as the mission of Christianity, namely, to teach pests. mankind that the universe is ruled by love.”. Speak City” (Harper), by Mr. Crittenden Marriott, is a text- “How Americans are Governed in Nation, State, and ing of a certain familiar class of smugly self-satisfied book of civics marked by a strong stress upon the and eminently respectable persons into whose blood there has crept practical aspect of the problems of government, and a coldness that would chill the presenting its array of facts in logical sequence and heart of a bronze statue,” he thus continues : “Such engaging exposition. The author's reasoning is not persons are really degenerates of their peculiar always sound, but his matter is usually informing and kind, and need to be saved, perhaps by desperate interesting. In his deliberate exclusion of the historical Let them elope with the cook; let them side of the subject, however, he has missed giving his get religion ; or, if they cannot get religion, let book the truly educational character that such a work them get a dog, give him the run of the house, love should have to commend itself to the attention of the him and spoil him, and so, by the blessing of Provi- teaching profession. dence, their salvation may be effected." The little “Man in Many Lands," by Mr. L. W. Lyde (London- book will delight all animal-lovers, and perhaps Black), is described as “an introduction to the study convert some animal-haters. of geographic control.” This means that it is intended to supply the information which shall answer such ques- tions as “Why the Swedes invented cream separators, Why the Buddhist color should be yellow, and Why Portuguese women are so ugly. The author, an ex- BRIEFER MENTION. aminer in geography for various institutions, gets ques- tions like these from many parts of the world, and thinks “What Pictures to See in Europe in One Summer," that the study of geography should supply the intel- by Miss Lorinda Munson Bryant, is an art guide for ligence needed for answering them. This is a refresh- tourists who take the beaten track, and are fairly in ing (and pedagogically sound) view to take of what is nocent of artistic cultivation when they set out. For too often a humdrum subject, and teachers may well such persons, books like this are no doubt useful. The profit by the little book. It is a school book only in an John Lane Company are the publishers. auxiliary sense, and makes refreshing reading. There The latest of Baedekers is a “Southern Germany,” are many pretty illustrations in color. meaning Wurtemberg and Bavaria, which now reaches The series of plainly-worded and fully-illustrated its eleventh revised edition. Although a comparatively little pamphlets, edited by Mr. John Cotton Dana, on small volume, it has upwards of eighty maps and plans. “ American Library Economy" as practised by the Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons are the importing agents Newark (N. J.) Public Library, has now advanced to for these guide-books. its Second Part, in one number, entitled “ Booklists and The excellent “Everyman's Library” is steadily Other Library Publications,” the First Part being increasing, fifty-three new titles having recently been divided into four sections, or numbers, all treating of added to the series, which now consists of four hundred the Lending Department as it is organized at Newark. and fifty-three volumes. This admirable series contains, We thus have a pamphlet on the Registration Desk, as is well known, some of the choicest classics in the one on the Charging System, one on the Administration English language, neatly and tastefully bound, of con of the Lending Department, and finally one on the venient size and good type, and procurable at a very Relations with the Public in this Department. Intend- modest cost. ing librarians might be dismayed at first by the apparent “ Marcus Aurelius and the Later Stoics,” by Dr. F. intricacy of library management as detailed in these W. Bussell, is a new volume in the series of “The successive booklets; and they do indeed leave little to World's Epoch-Makers,” published by Messrs. Charles the reader's imagination — which perhaps is well. The Scribner's Sons. It is a scholarly work, and, consider Newark library's activity in publishing numerous aids ing that it has to do with the expounders of what the to readers is commendable. The series is tastefully author considers “an untenable creed,” shows an un executed at the Elm Tree Press, Woodstock, Vt., the expected degree of sympathy with the thought of the business office of which is at 189 Broad St., Newark, imperial philosopher and his followers. N. J. 1910.] 19 THE DIAL 6 " « Iona, NOTES. Progressive French Idioms,” compiled by M. R. de Blanchaud; “ French Anecdotes," arranged by Professor A new two-volume edition of Madame Blavatsky's W. F. Giese and Mr. C. D. Cool; and Voltaire's “ The Secret Doctrine,” reprinted from the original “ Zaire," edited by Professor Charles W. Cabeen. edition of 1888, is announced by the Theosophical Messrs. Macmillan & Co. publish Louis Enault's “ Le Publishing Co., at Point Loma, California. Chien In Capitaine, edited by Miss Margaret de G. “ Making Good” is a new volume in “ Harper's Verrall. Athletic Series." Its contents are eleven short stories of Mark Twain's authorized biography is already in outdoor sports, by such writers as Mr. F. H. Spearman, preparation at the hands of Mr. Albert Bigelow Paine, Mr. Van Tassel Sutphen, and Mr. Poultney Bigelow. who, with the deceased humorist's daughter, is his Dr. Isaac Taylor's “Words and Places” has been appointed literary executor. The fortunate possessors for nearly half a century a useful work of reference. It of letters from Mr. Clemens are requested to commu- is now reëdited by Dr. A. Smythe Palmer, and brought nicate with Mr. Paine at Redding, Connecticut. All out in an attractive new shape by Messrs. E. P. Dutton epistolary matter sent to him will be copied and returned & Co. to the senders. Cordial coöperation in this respect is The Houghton Mifflin Co. have added to their earnestly desired, to the end that a full and authorita- « Riverside Literature Series ” Mrs. Gaskell's “Cran- tive biography may be prepared. ford,” edited by Mr. H. E. Coblentz, and a volume of The new edition of William Sharp's works, edited selections from Irving's “Bracebridge Hall,” edited by by Mrs. Sharp and published by Messrs. Duffield & Mr. Samuel Thurber, Jr. Co., is steadily gaining headway. Of the seven vol- Messrs. Duffield & Co. announce that they will umes which are to complete the edition, the first four publish Rostand's “Chantecler” in book form on are now ready, containing“ Pharais” and “The August 15. Recent magazine advertisements, there Mountain Lovers ";" The Sin Eater” and “The Washer fore, stating that the play can be read in English only of the Ford”; “ The Dominion of Dreams” and “Un- in its serial form, are misleading. der the Dark Star”; “ The Divine Adventure," " Sainte-Beuve's “Causeries du Lundi,” from October, and “Studies in Spiritual History." Each volume is 1849, to March, 1851, may now be had in an English illustrated with a frontispiece in photogravure, and both translation by Dr. E. J. Trechmann. The work fills the type and paper are excellent. five neat volumes, has notes and other editorial matter, The Mikszath Jubilee in Hungary has been made and is published by the Messrs. Dutton. memorable by that nation in a manner that does credit A paragraph in The DIAL recently having mentioned to those concerned in it. Three estates, valued at that there was no known living relative of the poet nearly twenty-five thousand dollars of our money, were Keats bearing his surname, a correspondent in Georgia presented to the veteran romancer as a jubilee gift. A writes to say that Mr. John H. Keats, son of the poet's prophet not without honor in his own country, Mikszath brother George who settled in this country, still resides is also favorably known in America and England, iefly in Missouri, or did so at a very recent date. through the English translation of his “St. Peter's Mr. S. E. Forman, who is the author of the best text Umbrella” – a book which, according to a current book of civil government ever written for American story, Mr. Roosevelt assured its author, whom he took students of high school age, now appears as the author pains to meet in his late visit to Budapest, was the very of “ A History of the United States for Schools,” pub last book he had read before leaving America for the lished by the Century Co. It is a book for the elemen- jungles of Africa. It is of interest to note that much tary schools, and is amply equipped with educational of Mikszath's work has first appeared serially in Kos- aids besides being richly illustrated. suth's old paper, Pesti Hirlap. Now that Jókai is gone, Messrs. Sturgis & Walton Co. announce for early the author of “St. Peter's Umbrella " is to us the most fall publication a book by Miss E. Sylvia Pankhurst attractive figure in literary Hungary. entitled “ The Suffragette.” The author of the work, The Lummis collection of books, paintings, and Indian which is to be in a manner the official history of the relics, lately presented to the Southwest Museum at English equal-suffrage movement, is a daughter of the Los Angeles, is briefly described in the current issue of well-known Mrs. Pankhurst, the leader of the militant “ News Notes of California Libraries.” An extract wing of the suffrage party, who will provide the intro says: “In celebration of his fiftieth birthday, and to duction. round up many years' activity in various fields pertain- Messrs. Cassell & Company announce that they have ing to the history of Spanish-America, Mr. Charles F. ready for publication the first volume of “ The Life and Lummis has donated to the Southwest Museum his Times of King Edward VII,” giving the story of Eng entire. collection of objects gathered during his travels land from the birth of King Edward down to the present through New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Central day. When completed the work will be in five large and South America, as well as his books and paintings. octavo volumes. Queen Alexandra has personally given Mr. Lummis's collection of Indian relics has been rec- the publishers her consent to the reproduction of the ognized by scientists as one of rare value." From a photographs of the King that will appear throughout notice in the Los Angeles “ Times” it appears that the work, and which, with the other illustrations, will “ the Lummis library contains over 2000 volumes and form a special feature. 4000 other items. . . . Along with the library are Hauff's “ Lichtenstein,” edited by Professor James given archeological and historical collections ... illus- Percival King, is one of the most acceptable of recent trative of the history of the west coast of the New German texts, and is published by Messrs. Henry Holt World in the last 1000 years. The Lummis collections & Co. From Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co. we have “A and library will be maintained for the present in the German Grammar for Schools and Colleges,” by Pro Lummis home, which is expected to be put in trust with fessors W. H. Fraser and W. H. van der Smissen; the Southwest Museum forever, with its collections." 20 (July 1, THE DIAL TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. July, 1910. Public Schools, Failure of. Eleanor Atkinson. World To-day. Puritanism. Guglielmo Ferrero. Atlantic. Reconstruction Period, Diary of - VI. Gideon Wells. Atlantic. Roosevelt, European Opinion of. Sydney Brooks. McClure. Russia, The Reaction in II. George Kennan. Century. Salt Lake Trail, The. Charles M. Harvey. Atlantic. Seattle, Reducing the Hills of. P. R. Keller. World To-day. Shakespeare's Fools. Eleanor P. Hammond. Atlantic. Sierras, In the. Stewart Edward White American. Surgery, The New. W. W. Keen. Harper, Taft, Golfing with. A. E. Thomas. Everybody's Taft, The Measure of. Ray Standard Baker. American. Tenements, Toilers of. Elizabeth S. Sergeant. McClure. Twain, Mark. Henry Watterson. American. Twain, Mark, My Memories of. William D. Howells. Harper. Tympano. Robert M. Gay. Atlantic. U.S. Foreign Policy. Charles Johnston. North American. Venice. Mary King Waddington. Scribner. Welch, William H. C. M. Steele. World To-day. White, Stewart Edward. Ward Clark. Bookman. Woman's Vote, The. Hugh H. Lusk. North American. LIST OF NEW BOOKS. [The following list, containing 71 titles, includes books received by THE DIAL since its last issue.] African Game Trials - X. Theodore Roosevelt. Scribner, "American Flag, The," Author of. J. G. Wilson. Century. American M. E. Church in Italy. John Ireland. No. Amer. Animal Experimentation. F. L. Wachenheim. Atlantic. Animal Psychology. John Burroughs. McClure. Anti-Vivisection. Woods Hutchinson. World's Work. Baden-Powell Boy Scouts. Annie E. Beard. World To-day. Bank, The Central. Charles G. Dawes. World To-day. Batting. Hugh S. Fullerton. American. Beaux, Cecelia, The Art of. Leila Mechlin. Int. Studio. Bible, The, in the Orient. C. S. Cooper, Century. Birds, Intelligence in. F. H. Herrick. Popular Science. Björnson, Björnstgerne. Louise Collier Wilcox. No. Amer. British Rule in India - I. Lord Curzon. North American. Cancer as Known To-Day. Isaac Levine. Rev. of Reviews. Cassat, H, J., and his Vision. C. M. Keys. World's Work. Charity and Social Justice. Jane Addams. No. American. Cats, Famous Lovers of. Arthur Tomson. Century. Chicago, Reforestation in. J. H. Prost. World To-day. China and the Opium Fight. Chin Chun Wang. World To-day. China, The Coming Crisis in. Adachi Kinnosuke. Rev.of Revs. Circus, Business Side of. Hartley Davis. Everybody's. City, A Model. Ernest Poole. Everybody's. Civilization, A Problem in. Brooks Adams. Atlantic. Country Schoolteacher, Autobiography of a. World's Work. Devil's Advocate, The. Brander Matthews. Century. Disease and its Cure. J. F. Rogers. Popular Science. Doctors, The Plethora of. Abraham Flexner. Atlantic, Dollars vs. Health. Irving Fisher. McClure. Dreams, Symbolism of. Havelock Ellis. Popular Science. East, Our Blundering Diplomacy in. T. F. Millard. American. Educational Emergency, An, E. O. Sisson. Atlantic. Eighteenth Century Publisher, An. E. W. Fuller. Bookman. Elliott, John. Walter Prichard Eaton. Everybody's. England, The New Reign in. Sydney Brooks. No. American. English Opera, A Plea for. David Bisham. Century. English Painters, A Group of. Christian Brinton. Harper, Eugenics, National, and Immigration. R. D. C. Ward. No. Amer. Evans, William A. C. A. Winslow. World To-Day. Fourth of July, The New. Percy Mackaye. Century. German Navy, Growth of. Elmer Roberts. Scribner. Garden, An Imaginative. Hildegarde Hawthorne. Century. Gaynor, Judge. William Bayard Hale. World's Work. Glenn, John M. Edwin Wildman. World To-day. Gold Production and Investments. F. S. Mead. Allantic. Halley's Comet. Edwin B. Frost. World To-day. Harmon, Judge, of Ohio. E.C. Hopwood. World To-day. House-Fly, The Disease Carrying. D. D. Jackson. Rev. of Revs. Hull-House, Twenty Years at. Jane Addams. American. Human Race, Future of the. T. D. A. Cockerell. Pop. Science. Ibsen and his Plays. Archibald Henderson. Bookman.“- Insects, Injurious. Samuel Hopkins Adams. American. Interest Rates, Reducing. J. H. Rhoades. Review of Reviews. Ionian Boy, The. G. E. Woodberry. North American. Irrigation Securities. E. G. Hopson. Review of Reviews. Italy in California. Ernest Piexotto. Scribner. Journalism, Personal Equation in. Henry Watterson. Atlantic. Kaiser, The Real. Sydney Brooks. McClure. King, Clarence. Edgar Beecher Bronson. Century. Learning. John Jay Chapman. Atlantic. Live Stock and Land Values. A. G. Leonard. Rev. of Revs. Living, Gentler. Abram S. Isaacs. North American. Los Angeles Aqueduct. J. B. Lippincott. Review of Reviews. Magazines, The Fighting. C. M. Francis. Bookman. McDonogh School for Boys. H. W. Lanier. World's Work. McKenzie, R. Tait. H. S. Morris. International Studio. Medical Schools. Superfluity of. E. A. Forbes. World's Work. Medievalism, Modern. F. T. Carlton. Pop. Science. Mexico, Investments in. T. K. Long. World To-day. Millionaires. Harold Kellock. Everybody's. Mining Schemes, Fake. Emerson Hough. Everybody's. Minister, The, and the Men. Francis E. Leupp. Atlantic. Municipal Regulation. H. C. Morris. World To-day. Newfoundland Made Accessible. Review of Reviews. "0. Henry" in his Own Bagdad. G. J. Nathan. Bookman. Pageants, English and American. E. Oberholtzer. Century. Paladino, The Case of. Joseph Jastrow. Review of Reviews. Paris, The Markets of. Mrs. John Van Vorst. Lippincott. Platt, Senator, Autobiography of. McClure, Political Novelist, A. William Dean Howells. No, American. Portuguese Pilgrimage, A. R. H. Russell, Harper. Prendergast, Maurice. Charles H. Pepper. World To-day. Priests and Women's Clothes. Cesare Lombroso. No. Amer BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES. Reminiscences of a K. C. By Thomas Edward Crispe. With portraits, large 8vo, 306 pages. Little. Brown, & Co. $3.50 net. George Meek: Bath Chair-Man. By himself; with introduc- tion by H. G. Wells. 12mo, 312 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50 net. Life of John Albert Johnson. By Frank A. Day and Theo- dore M. Knappen. Illustrated, 8vo, 427 pages. Chicago: Forbes & Co. $2. net. Autobiography of Allen Jay, 1831-1910. Illustrated. 8vo. 427 pages. John C. Winston Co. $1.50 net. HISTORY. The American Civil War: A Concise History of its Causes Progress, and Results. By John Formby. In 2 volumes, with maps and plans, large 8vo. Charles Scribner's Sons. 4.50 net. A History of Sumer and Akkad: An account of the Early Races of Babylonia from Prehistoric Times to the Founda- tion of the Babylonian Monarchy. By Leonard W. King, M.A. Illustrated, large 8vo, 380 pages. Frederick A. Stokes Co. $. net. Tha Campaign of Trafalgar. By Julian S. Corbett. Illustrated, large 8vo, 473 pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. $4.50 net. GENERAL LITERATURE. A Renegade Poet, and Other Essays. By Francis Thompson; with introduction by Edward J. O'Brien. 16mo, 344 pages. Boston: Ball Publishing Co. $1.25 net. Essays in Fallacy. By Andrew Macphail. 8vo, 859 pages. Longman, Green, & Co. $1.80 net. The Good of Life, and Other Little Essays. By William Cleaver Wilkinson. 12mo, 392 pages. Funk & Wagnalls Co. $1.25 net. NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE. The Works of George Meredith, Memorial Edition. New volume: Beauchamp's Career. In 2 volumes, each illustrated in photogravure, etc., 8vo. Charles Scribner's Sons. (Sold only in sets by subscription.) Collected Works of Fiona Macleod (William Sharp). Edited by Mrs. Sharp. New volumes: The Sin Eater and The Washer of the Ford; The Dominion of Dreams and Under the Dark Star. Each with frontispiece in photogravure, 8vo. Duffield & Co. $1.50 net. BOOKS OF VERSE. Poems. By Fannie Sprague Talbot. 12mo, 48 pages. Richard G. Badger. $1. Songs of Life. By George Reginald Margeston. 12mo. 57 pages. Sherman, French & Co. $1. net. Forget-Me-Nots, and Other Poems. By Cornelia A. McFalls. With portrait, 12mo, 139 pages. Richard G. Badger. $1.50. FICTION. The Devourers. By A. Vivanti Chartres. 12mo, 328 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25 net. A Motley. By John Galsworthy. 12mo, 274 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.20 net. 1910.] 21 THE DIAL Introduction to Political Science: A Treatise on the Origin, Nature, Functions, and Organization of the State. By James Wilford Garner, Ph.D. Large 8vo, 616 pages. American Book Co. Parliamentary Law, with Forms and Diagrams of Motions. By Nanette B. Paul, LL.B. 12mo, 295 pages. Century Co. 75cts. net. French for Daily Use : Conversations for Journeying and for Daily Use in Town and Country. By E. P. and R. F. Prentys. 16mo, 160 pages. New York: William R. Jenking Co. 50 cts. net. MISCELLANEOUS. Problems of the Elementary School. By Arthur C. Perry. Jr., Ph.D. Illustrated, 12mo, 224 dages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.25 net. Above Life's Turmoil. By James Allen. With portrait in photogravure, 16mo, 163 pages. G.P. Putnam's Sons. $1. not. Ideals and Conduct. By Uriel Buchanan. 12mo, 47 pages. Cochrane Publishing Co. Addresses Educational and Patriotio. By Cyrus Northrop. With portrait, large 8vo, 532 pages. H. W. Wilson Co. Road Rights of Motorists. By Twyman 0. Abbott. 18mo, 457 pages. Outing Publishing Co. $1.50 net. T. R. in Cartoons. By John T. McCutcheon. Large 8vo. A. C. McClurg & Co. 75 cts. net. The Wisdom of the Apocrypha. With Introduction by C. E. Lawrence. 16mo, 124 pages. Wisdom of the East Series." E. P. Dutton & Co. 60 cts. net. 866 Vegetable Dishes : A Vegetable Dish for Every Day in the year. Decorated in color, 205 pages. George W. Jacobs & Co. 50 cts. net. Shakespeare in Limerick. By Brainerd McKee. 12mo. Louisville, Ky.: John P. Morton Co. F. M. HOLLY Authors' and Publishers' Representative Circulars sent upon request. 156 Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK. A Life for a Life. By Robert Herrick. 12mo, 488 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50. Happy Island: A New “Uncle William " Story. By Jennette Lee. With frontispiece in color, 16mo, 830 pages. Century Co. $1. Honesty's Garden. By Paul Creswick. 12mo, 25 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25 net. Out of the Night. By Mrs. Baillie Reynolds. 12mo, 390 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.20 net. Blaze Derringer. By Eugene P. Lyle, Jr. With frontispiece in color, 12mo, 314 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.20 net. The Cave Woman: A Novel of To-Day. By Viola Burhans. 12mo, 339 pages, Henry Holt & Co. $1.50. Dr. Thorne's Idea. By John Ames Mitchell. With frontis- piece, 12mo, 244 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1. net. Uncle Wash: His Stories. By John Trotwood Moore. Illus- trated, 12mo, 329 pages. John C. Winston Co. $1.50. The Monksglade Mystery. By Headon Hill. Illustrated, 12mo, 319 pages. R. F. Fenno & Co. $1.50. The Calendared Islos: A Romance of Casco Bay. By Harrison Jewell Holt. 12mo, 296 pages. Richard G. Badger. $1.60. The Water Goats, and Other Troubles. By Ellis Parker Butler. Illustrated, 16mo, 101 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. 60 cts. TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION. Lake George and Lake Champlain: The War Trail of the Mohawk and the Battleground of France and England in their Contest for the Control of North America. By W. Max Ried. Illustrated, large 8vo, 381 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $3.50 net. A Book of the Black Forest. By G. E. Hughes. Illustrated in color, etc., large 8vo, 320 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $3. net. The Antietam and Its Bridges : The Annals of an Historic Stream. By Helen Ashe Hays. Illustrated in photogravure, 4to, 178 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $3.50 net. Cathedral Churches of England: A Practical Handbook for Students and Travellers. By Helen Marshall Pratt. Illustrated, 8vo, 593 pages. Duffield & Co. $2.50 net. In and Out of Florence: A New Introduction to a Well. Known City. By Max Vernon. Illustrated, 8vo, 370 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $2.50 net. PUBLIC AFFAIRS. Highways of Progress. By James J. Hill. 8vo, 363 pages. Doubleday. Page & Co. $1.50 net. Work-Accidents and the Law. By Crystal Eastman. Illus- trated, large 8vo, 345 pages. New York: Charities Publicar tion Committee. A Congressional History of Railways in the United States, 1850-1887. By Lewis Henry Haney, Ph.D. IN 2 volumes, largo 8vo, 438 pages. "Economic and Political Science Series." Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin. 50 cts. net. SCIENCE AND NATURE. The Mammals of Colorado. By Edward Royal Warren, 8.B. Illustrated, 8vo, 300 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $3. net. The Evolution and Function of Living Purposive Mat- ter. By M. C. Macnamara. Illustrated, 12mo, 298 pages. "International Scientific Series." D. Appleton & Co. Hardy Plants for Cottage Gardens. By Helen R. Albee. Illustrated, 8vo, 309 pages. "American Nature Series." Henry Holt & Co. $1.60 net. PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION. The Ascending Effort. By George Bourne. 12mo, 228 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50 net. The Reconstruction of the English Church. By Roland G. Usher. In 2 volumes, large 8vo. D. Appleton & Co. $8. net. Christologies Ancient and Modern. By William Sanday, D.D. Large 8vo, 244 pages. Oxford University Press. The Historio Episcopate. By Robert Ellis Thompson, M.A. 12mo, 317 pages. Philadelphia: Westminster Press. $1.50 net. EDUOATION Man in Many Lands ; An Introduction to the Study of Goo- graphic Control. By L. W. Lyde. Illustrated in color, 12mo, 183 pages. Macmillan Co. A History of the United States for Schools. By 8. E. For. man. Illustrated, 12mo. 419 pages. Century Co. $1. net. Natural Laws in Piano Teaching. By Mary Wood Chase. 12mo, 128 pages. Oliver Ditson Co. $1.25 net. Landmarks of British History. By Lucy Dale. Illustrated in color, etc., 12mo, 256 pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. 90 cts. net. AYTHORS AIDED BY EXPERT, JUDICIOUS CRITICISM, intelligent revision of manuscripts, correct preparation for the press, and neat and accurate typewriting. Special attention to Dramatic work and novels. Book and shorter manuscripts placed. Address C. A. Huling, Director, The Progress Literary Bureau, 210 Monroe Street, Chicago. THE NEW YORK BUREAU OF REVISION Established in 1880. LETTERS OF CRITICISM, EXPERT REVISION OF MSS. Advice as to publication. Addrest DR. TITUS M. COAN, 70 FIFTH AVE., NBW YORK CITY BOOKBUYERS and students wishing to receive interesting, catalogues of second- hand books should send a card to W. HEFFER & SONS, Ltd., Booksellers, Cambridge, Eng. 100,000 volumes in stock. MANUSCRIPTS TYPEWRITTEN Novels, short stories, plays, essays, etc., correctly typed. Two-color effects a specialty; a useful form for text books. Revision. Standard rates. N. E. WEEKS, 5614 Drexel Ave., Chicago. FOR THE SUMMER LIBRARY GWEN DA. By Mabel Barnes-Grundy, author of " Dimbie and I," "Hilary on Her Own," “ Hazel of Heatherland." An intimate, intense story, heightened by humor and a dash of worldly wisdom. 12mo. 350 pages. Frontispiece. $1.50. THE TOP OF THE MORNING. By Juliet Wilbor Tompkins, author of “Dr. Ellen" and “Open House." A sparkling, wholesome story, full of humor, vivacity and charm. 12mo. Frontispiece in color. $1.50. IN PRAISE OF GARDENS. By Temple Scott. Poems and verses about gardens from the whole range of English poetry. Charming in contents and in form. $1.25. THE GARDEN IN THE WILDERNESS. By "A Hermit." A felicitous mingling of gardening and sentiment. Many illustrations, decorative end papers, etc. $1.50 net. WOMEN AS LETTER WRITERS. By Ada M. Ingpen. The best letters written by women from the 16th century until our own time. 12mo. 9 full-page portraits. $1.25 net. THE BAKER & TAYLOR CO., NEW YORK 22 [July 1, THE DIAL GEORGE MEREDITH JAMES M. BARRIE The Home Poetry Book AN INTERESTING SOUVENIR OF TWO FAMOUS LITERARY MEN We have all been wanting so long OLDEN OEMS GOLDEN POEMS OF IBITED BY CROWNE NEITHER DORKING NOR THE ABBEY By J. M. BARRIE F the many tributes to George Meredith called forth by his death last May, prob- ably the most appropriate and beautiful was that contributed by Mr. J. M. Barrie to “The West- minster Gazette” of London, under the title “ Neither Dorking nor the Abbey.” That this brilliant little essay may not be lost to the many who love both Meredith and Barrie, we have issued it in attractive booklet form, printed on handmade paper and silk-stitched in blue hand- made paper wrappers with printed title-label. There is a brief prefatory note, and appended are Thomas Hardy's fine verses on the death of Mere- dith. As the edition is limited, orders should be sent at once. Price, 50 cents, postpaid. EDITED BY FRANCIS E BROWNE WG BROWNE'S BOOKSTORE THE FINE ARTS BUILDING CHICAGO GOLDEN POEMS ANY BOOK advertised or mentioned in this issue may be had from Edited by FRANCIS F. BROWNE Editor “Poems of the Civil War," " Laurel Crowned Verse," etc.; author “Everyday Life of Lincoln," etc. GOLDEN POEMS contains more of everyone's favor ites than any other collection at a popular price, and has besides the very best of the many fine poems that have been written in the last few years. Other collections may contain more poems of one kind or more by one author. GOLDEN POEMS (by British and American authors) has 550 selections from 300 writers, covering the whole range of English literature. GOLDEN POEMS is a fireside volume for the thou- sands of families who love poetry. It is meant for those who cannot afford all the collected works of their favorite poets — it offers the poems they like best, all in one volume. The selections in GOLDEN POEMS are classified according to their subjects: By the Fireside ; Nature's Voice's; Dreams and Fancies; Friendship and Sym- pathy; Love; Liberty and Patriotism ; Battle Echoes; Humor; Pathos and Sorrow; The Better Life ; Scat- tered Leaves. GOLDEN POEMS, with its wide appeal, attractively printed and beautifully bound, makes an especially appropriate gift. In two styles binding, ornamental cloth, and flexible leather. Sent on receipt of price, $1.50 BOOKSTORE The Fine Arts Building Michigan Blua, Chicago BROWNE'S BOOKSTORE 203 MICHIGAN AVENUE, CHICAGO THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. PAGE THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of THE MYSTERY OF CULTURE. each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2. a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States, and Mexico; Foreign and Canadian In a recent volume of essays which he calls postage 50 cents per year extra. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY. “ Academic Performances,” Professor Barrett Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub- Wendell makes some striking observations on scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription “ The Mystery of Education.” He refers to is desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All com munications should be addressed to the notion common with those who have never THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. been to college, that the four years spent there Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office at teach something positive the command of Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879. foreign languages, for instance, the appreciation No. 578. JULY 16, 1910. of fine arts, thorough acquaintance with litera- Vol. XLIX. ture, familiarity with science, or preëminent skill in some branch of activity. But, alas, he CONTENTS, confesses : “We graduates of colleges have the sad misfortune THE MYSTERY OF CULTURE . 27 to know better. Few of us, for example, who have studied French or German for years, can pretend to use CASUAL COMMENT 29 a text-book in either language --- far less turn to the The death of Chief Justice Fuller. — The annual literature of either, as a matter of pleasure. Hardly overhauling of our educational methods. - The one of us, unaided by translation, can make much sense king and the man of letters. -- Utilitarian substi- out of a page of Latin or of Greek. Very few could tutes for polite learning. — A superfluous yard of tell you off-hand the century in which Herodotus wrote public-library red tape. — The identity of “ George or Cicero, could distinguish between St. Gregory and Meek."— The wanderings of Sabrina.—The elimi Hildebrand, could give a clear account of Lady Jane nation of the redundant. — Distractions from the Grey, could name the Presidents of the United States, serious pursuit of fiction. could explain why no one who understands Elizabethan A GALAHAD OF THE MARKET-PLACE. Percy literature has ever supposed that the author of Bacon's F. Bicknell Essays wrote • Hamlet' and • The Tempest,' or could 32 expound the principles of Descartes, of Locke, or of NATURE'S GAME OF HIDE-AND-SEEK. T. D. A. John Stuart Mill.” Cockerell 33 This failure on the part of the college to place A GREAT AMERICAN EDUCATOR. Lewis A. its graduates in possession of something hard Rhoades .. 35 and fast seems to have made a deep impression on one of Professor Wendell's students, who, THE MASTERS OF PROSE IN AMERICA. Clark S. Northup 37 on acquiring an encyclopædia and noting within what moderate compass it claimed to have RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne . 39 embraced all human knowledge, conceived the Herrick's A Life for a Life. — The Wild Olive. - idea of mastering his encyclopædia, from A to Comfort's Routledge Rides Alone. — Lynde's The Taming of Red Butte Western. — Dawson's The Z, and of then seeking a professorship of Scar. - Oppenheim's The Illustrious Prince. universal knowledge and of sending forth his Locke's Simon the Jester.- Gibby's The Street of pupils with definite, positive, and complete Adventure.— Little's At the Sign of the Burning acquisitions that should justify the years spent Bush.- Sienkiewicz's Whirlpools. in their pursuit. BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. 43 Not less misguided than this young enthusiast Rock gardens and flower pools.--A handbook of for positive knowledge are those who imagine English Cathedrals.—"The Gospel and the Mod- culture to be something definitely attainable by ern Man." — The father of scientific socialism.- Exemplars of poetic energy.- Memories and mus- following a prescribed course. On the contrary, ings of a vagabond poet.-New volumes of Brough- as Dr. Furness assured the graduating class at ton's Recollections. the University of Pennsylvania a few years ago, BRIEFER MENTION culture is not a result, but a process. Culture sought as an end is an odious thing. True NOTES 45 culture, says Emerson, avoiding the finality of LIST OF NEW BOOKS 46 precise definition, “is the suggestion from cer- . 45 28 [July 16, THE DIAL These words from Dr. Fumers are here tain best thoughts, that a man has a range of Pierian spring, let me, in heaven's name, at affinities, through which he can modulate the least take a sip." The office of poetry in con- violence of any master-tones that have a dron-ferring culture is dwelt upon, and, of course, ing preponderance in his scale, and succor him Shakespeare, “ Emperor, by the Grace of God, against himself. Culture redresses his balance, of all Literature,” is properly commended to puts him among his equals and superiors, revives the seeker of culture. the delicious sense of sympathy, and warns him of the dangers of solitude and repulsion.” It quoted, not because they make clear exactly is, one might add, very much like happiness,-- what this mysterious thing called culture really unattainable by conscious effort, and furthest is which no words can make clear -- but be- from us at the very moment we exclaim that cause they and the utterances of others on the we have grasped it. subject throw some side-lights and help us to see Unmistakable to the discerning eye, however, at least what culture is not. at least what culture is not. Emerson, writing are the marks of culture in others. Reference culture fifty years ago, ranges far and wide, was made above to Dr. Furness's commencement after his usual manner; and his latitude is in address at Philadelphia. It was on the subject entire harmony with the breadth of that culture of culture, and its tone and spirit most admir which he sought to describe and which he him- ably illustrated its theme. Excellent as were self exemplified. In hearty agreement, before- the thoughts expressed, the manner of their ex hand, with the sentiments expressed by our pression was even better. Let us quote a few Shakespearian scholar, he says: “ I am always sentences. Emphasizing the truth that culture happy to meet persons who perceive the trans- is not a profound and exhaustive thing, but in cendent superiority of Shakespeare over all its very nature superficial, the speaker said : other writers"; and further : “I like people “When the whole science of electricity was comprised who like Plato, because this love does not con- in the solitary fact that if amber be rubbed it attracts sist with self-conceit.” Again, with the most straws; when all that astronomy revealed was that stars liberal interpretation of the meaning of culture, were exhalations which the rising sun dispersed; when in all chemistry there were but four elements, ---earth, he speaks of it as opening the sense of beauty, air, fire, and water; and when no music was heard and adds: “I suffer every day from the want more ravishing than that extracted from three strings of perception of beauty in people. They do not stretched across a tortoise shell, or than the breath know the charm with which all moments and blown through a reed, — then, in that happy golden age, objects can be embellished, — the charm of man- every man was an encyclopædia, and culture, thorough and profound, might be acquired in an hour, -- then any ners, of self-command, of benevolence. Repose child could pluck up the whole tree of knowledge by and cheerfulness are the badge of the gentleman, the roots. But we have changed all that; we are repose in energy.” He finally sums up the now the heirs of forty centuries, and the heaven-high whole matter by declaring that “a cheerful and Sequoias of Mariposa only very faintly symbolize the gigantic proportions of the same present tree of knowl- intelligent face is the end of culture, and success edge, and the concentrated devotion of a lifetime is enough." demanded for a thorough mastery of a single tiny Matthew Arnold has a large and worthy twig.” conception of culture in asserting it to be the It should be noted, in passing, that the speaker, disinterested pursuit of perfection.” The end far from making culture to consist in a smat- here is certainly sufficiently unattainable to suit tering of all knowledge, insists on the necessity the most ardent idealist. Not quite so good is of thoroughness in some one chosen department. his other and probably better-known definition “Know everything of something, and something of culture as “ the acquainting ourselves with of everything." But in other regions, “ be the best that has been known and said in the cause we cannot distinguish all the varieties world, and thus with the history of the human of Solidago, must we forego,” he asks, “ the spirit.” The best that has been known and said charm of recognizing Goldenrod when it trans is not at all times the easiest thing to determine; forms an autumn meadow into a field of the and even if it were, a mere book-worm of good cloth of gold ? Because we cannot expound the memory could master it without necessarily be- theories of the binary stars, are we to forbear coming thereby a person of culture. to name the constellations of the midnight sky? John Addington Symonds, while asserting Shall we close our Homer because we cannot that culture is not an end in itself, but that it name the ships that went to Troy? A little “prepares man for life, for work, for action, for knowledge is not a dangerous thing. If I | the reception and emission of ideas,” yet makes cannot, for lack of time, drink deep of the it something a little too definite, too attainable, 1910.] 29 THE DIAL than a process. earlier years. was one might say, in describing it as “the raising present to conceive of the essence of culture as of previously educated intellectual faculties to lying in that intellectual and emotional awaken- their highest potency by the conscious effort of ing that comes with wider knowledge and deeper their possessors.” Better is his shorter and less insight, and that is promoted by the study of precise definition,“ self-effectuation," or the ar the best in literature and art. rival at what the Germans call Selbständigkeit except that here too we have a result rather A later passage has more of CASUAL COMMENT. suggestion and enlightenment; it identifies cul- THE DEATH OF CHIEF JUSTICE FULLER reminds ture with “ a psychical state, so to speak, which us a little sadly of the fast decreasing number of may be acquired by sympathetic and assimila- those who were contributors to THE DIAL in its tive study.” By a rather unexpected concession Mr. Fuller or “Mel” Fuller, as from this eminent humanist, humanism and his friends knew him then — was a great reader of also science are named as the “ two principal books of all sorts, and an excellent reviewer of them. methods for arriving at the ends involved in He did not disdain the novel; and his first contribu- culture.” But it is soon added that if, as Pope tion to THE DIAL (Jan. 1, 1881) was a four-column asserts, "the proper study of mankind is man,' review of Disraeli’s “Endymion," which had then then humanism must always hold the first place just appeared. It was one of the best sellers” of in the higher intellectual culture. its day - largely because, as the reviewer said, it Curious and perplexing are the relations “the work of a Prime Minister of England.” of culture to genius and of genius to culture. The novel fails, we are told, in "the only real test of the merit of a production like this”-in anything Talent and culture naturally consort with each like a masterly delineation of character; and the other, but genius is impatient of all rules and summing up is that “ upon the whole, the Earl of limitations. Burns and Turner and Walt Whit Beaconsfield must depend for posthumous fame upon man were hardly men of culture, perhaps because something else than his novels” an opinion which they were so much more. Goethe and Heine, time has pretty well approved. Mr. Fuller was espe- Dante and Petrarch and Tasso, Milton and cially fond of biography, and contributed to an early Keats, were all cultured men of genius. To number of The DiaL an extended review of the life Shakespeare it would be absurd to deny cul- of General Hancock, a character whom Mr. Fuller ture, and it would be scarcely less absurd, or at greatly admired, not only as a gallant soldier but least it would be feeble and pointless, to ascribe because of his “profound sense of the importance it to him. o Genius does what it must, of subordinating the military to the civil authority," but and his “deep conviction of the utility of the peace- talent does what it can," is the one memorable ful methods of civil government.” “ Paternalism, line in the works of a poet not otherwise mem with its constant intermeddling with individual free- orable. Self-effectuation by conscious effort dom, has no place in a system which rests upon the is not what we see in the manifestations of self-reliant energies of the people,” was the demo- genius. Self-suppression is what would require cratic utterance of the future Chief Justice. Others the conscious effort. It is the innate, the invol- of Mr. Fuller's biographical writings were on John untary, the compelling, the something independ- Quincy Adams (THE DIAL, April 1, 1882) and on ent of culture and defiant of law and custom, Jefferson and Hamilton (May 1, 1883). Readers that startles the world and forces it to stand still of the present day might find entertainment in Mr. Fuller's eight-column review of a life of Benton and admire. Nothing has it to do with that cul- by Theodore Roosevelt (May 1, 1887), in which the ture which, entering into the life of the specialist reviewer finds that “Mr. Roosevelt holds the pen of absorbed in the study of tadpoles or of Jupiter's a ready writer, and has a mind definitely made up moons, teaches him his and their true relations as to public men and measures of the period under to the universe. consideration." A peculiar interest attaches to an It is safer, and more likely to profit us, to article on Chief Justice Marshall (THE DIAL, May make our conception of culture too generous, 1, 1885), of whom Mr. Fuller said : “In mere juridi- too inclusive, too vague even, than to form it cal learning he has been surpassed by some, but in the on too narrow and inflexible lines. The defini power of pure reason by none." An illustration tions and general descriptions found in the of Mr. Fuller's highly devout nature is revealed in authors cited above, and in others, are collec- this passage: “Numerous personal incidents are narrated in illustration of the simplicity of his tively not unsatisfying; but no one formula [Marshall's] character; but there is none more seems to cover all that is meant by culture. striking than the fact that the head of the most Probably no formula satisfactory to all could powerful tribunal on earth never retired to rest ever be framed. Possibly it may suffice for the without repeating the Lord's Prayer and the lines 30 [July 16, THE DIAL EDUCA- commencing Now I lay me down to sleep.' As from the King like light from the sun.” And the years pass, the fame of this great man continues further praise of his gentle dignity and great charm to shine with undiminished lustre, and so will con follows. Compare with this Boswell's account of tinue until the firmament from whence beam the Johnson's memorable interview with George the glories of Tribonian and D'Aguesseau, of Hale and Third in the Queen's Library at Buckingham House Mansfield, is rolled together like a scroll.” And - on the site of the present Buckingham Palace these words were penned but three years before Mr. where Mr. Benson had his interview. “ After the Fuller stepped from private life to occupy the posi- King withdrew," writes Boswell, “ Johnson shewed tion of the illustrious jurist of whom he wrote. himself highly pleased with his Majesty's conver- sation and gracious behaviour. He said to Mr. THE ANNUAL OVERHAULING OF OUR Barnard (the librarian], "Sir, they may talk of the TIONAL METHODS has been going on in Boston, with King as they will; but he is the finest gentleman I teachers reckoned by the tens of thousands from all have seen.' And he afterwards observed to Mr. parts of the country in attendance. As is usual on Langton, 'Sir, his manners are those of as fine a such occasions, there has been much criticism of gentleman as we may suppose Lewis the Fourteenth the existing order, much attempt to tear down, and or Charles the Second.' Again, with pleasing some worthy endeavor to build up. Outspoken cen frankness, he assured Sir Joshua Reynolds, “I find sure of the Carnegie Foundation as one of the it does one good to be talked to by his Sovereign biggest monopolies in education that ever existed” although Johnson, as he himself admits, did the was heard at one meeting; at another, college men greater part of the talking. Mr. Benson and Johnson were pronounced incompetent for practical work as agree in finding the near presence of royalty stimu- compared with high-school graduates, the colleges lating and genial. having become rather social and sporting clubs than UTILITARIAN SUBSTITUTES FOR POLITE LEARN- training schools ; and, again, colleges and univer- sities were declared to be usurping the functions ING, in our colleges and universities, are so rapidly of the normal school, functions that they are not crowding Plato and Aristotle, Homer and Virgil, qualified or intended to perform. In a discussion Thucydides and Tacitus, into the background, that in a few more decades it will be a marvel to find a concerning the teaching of English, one speaker found fault with the material placed before the pupil bachelor of arts who has ever even heard, for as too remote, not of present and living interest, example, of the Peripatetic School, or who can tell, and urged the study of authors more likely to rivet off-hand, who wrote the “Agricola," and whether the the young reader's attention. Perhaps there is same pen produced the “ Jugurtha.” At this season danger here of conceding too much to the pupil's there are appearing sundry interesting announce- intellectual laziness. Those instructors in English ments of new and never-before-imagined courses of who use in their classes current clippings from the study for the coming college year. The University newspapers, instead of Goldsmith and Burke and of Wisconsin, for instance, will henceforth give Charles Lamb and Walter Scott, for serious study instruction in “wood technology” to those yearning and discussion, may succeed in arousing the pupils for a closer acquaintance with the chemical com- interest; but whether it is an interest that is worth position and physical properties of beech, birch, arousing, or the highest and best sort of interest that and maple, and other members of the tree family. can be aroused, are open to serious question. The At the University of Rochester, Mr. Howard T. most notable incident of the Boston meeting was Mosher will in the autumn take his seat in the brand-new chair of “ the choice of Mrs. Young of Chicago for President citizenship” and proceed to the first time a woman has ever been President of teach the principles of sanitation, fire protection, the National Education Association. police administration, school systems, water works, care of streets, and much else that relates to muni- THE KING AND THE MAN OF LETTERS are both cipal or village life. It is to be noted that the new human beings, and one likes to see them meet occa- course does not promise to make good citizens of all sionally on that common footing of humanity. Mr. those who pursue it, good citizenship like good Arthur C. Benson adds a bit of personal reminis- morals being far less a thing of theory than of cence to his graceful tribute to King Edward the practice. Third, in the June “ Cornhill.” “I came away,” A SUPERFLUOUS YARD OF PUBLIC-LIBRARY RED from an interview with the King at TAPE still remains, in some places, for reform and Buckingham Palace, in which he had spoken to common-sense to cut away. In connection with the me very warmly and graciously of the Letters of recent action of the librarian and trustees of the Queen Victoria. When I came out, an Equerry, Chicago Public Library in deciding upon a partial with whom I was acquainted, was waiting for me. adoption of the open-shelf system, a word may be • Well,' he said, “how did you fare?' I said the said regarding one of the reasons commonly urged in only words which came into my mind: “The King favor of that system as against the old one of gratings was very kind.' 'He always is,' said the Equerry, and bars and strict formality of procedure. The with a smile. That was the simple secret - applicant for a book, judging of its nature and con- invariable and genuine kindness, which streamed tents merely from a brief catalogue entry, often has he says, 66 an 1910.] 31 THE DIAL . delivered to him a volume entirely failing to meet Goddess of Amherst College,” which is published his wants or equal his expectations ; but the rules at Amherst by Mr. Shoop himself. The bronze forbid the loan and return of a book on the same (or zinc) statue which, to be honest, is the real day, hence the disappointing thing must be lugged subject of this truthful history, is a replica of the home and brought back again the next day, or later, Shrewsbury representation of Sabrina, and was given when a fresh trial, perhaps equally unsatisfactory, to Amherst College in 1857 by Col. Joel Hayden of is made. Therefore the extreme desirability of free Haydenville, lieutenant-governor of Massachusetts access to the books themselves. But if, as many from 1863 to 1866. The goddess's trying expe- librarians claim, thefts and misplacements and hard rience on the college campus, and her subsequent usage render the open-shelf system inadvisable, at many wanderings after the higher powers had re- least let the stupid and arbitrary rule governing the fused longer to sanction her presence there, can return of books be abolished. To be sure, it makes readily be imagined to furnish material for the a little more work to have a book handed back before literary exercise of collegiate wit and wisdom. The the record of its loan has been properly filed; but much-travelled divinity was reposing in a fishing what of that? It is easy enough to register the return hamlet on the Maine coast when Mr. Shoop's book on a special slip and lay it aside until the next day, went to press, but was about to start on a journey for when everything can be made straight in the frac parts unknown, to escape the profane gaze and rude tion of a minute. Some libraries, probably many, touch of odd-year collegians in hot pursuit of her. have adopted some such plan. But we and doubtless many of our readers know to our sorrow that not all THE ELIMINATION OF THE REDUNDANT has been of the closed-shelf class have yet shown this amount the passion of some of the greatest writers. Flau- of sweet reasonableness in smoothing the path of the bert, in seeking ever to clothe his thought in just the book-borrower. right words, with not a shade too much or too little THE IDENTITY OF “GEORGE MEEK” now consti- of emphasis, attained to something like perfection tutes a "question of the hour” in literary London, in exactly fitting the expression to the idea. Cut and is turning gray the hair of the public-library his sentences and they bleed, such is the vitality of cataloguer, who is torn with conflicting impulses his style. Jules Renard, the French poet, novelist, whether to class the already famous “George Meek, essayist, and playwright, who has just died at forty- Bath Chair-Man, by Himself” with biography under six, is said to have studied simplicity and brevity of “ Meek” or with fiction under “Wells.”" Certain style with an enthusiasm amounting almost to mania. chapters of the book, reinforced by certain passages “I would rather,” he declared, “write a short story of Mr. Wells's Introduction, almost persuade the than a novel, I would rather write a paragraph than cataloguer that the book is a genuine "human docu- a short story, a sentence than a paragraph. I like ment"; and then again certain other features of to rewrite a sentence twenty times in order to give it almost demonstrate its utter fictitiousness and it the precise form that best fits it.” This passion fraudulence. The fact that “George Meek ’ is for restraint and economy in literary style, while it sometimes betrays one into mannerisms and affec- writing to the newspapers in vehement asseveration of his flesh-and-blood reality, and of his veritable tations, recalls the excellent saying of the Hindu authorship of his own autobiography, weighs little pundit: “A wise man rejoices more over the saving one way or the other; it is easy enough to write of a syllable than over the birth of a son.” fraudulent letters to the newspapers, after having DISTRACTIONS FROM THE SERIOUS PURSUIT OF once perpetrated the fraud to which they refer. FICTION are in certain quarters making notable And it would be easy enough, again, to write further inroads on the public-library records of circulation. letters vindicating the authorship of the first series, At Dubuque, Iowa, for instance, 9671 fewer novels and so on ad infinitum, or at least to the end of the were loaned in 1909 than in 1908, the circulation writer's finite existence in this world of pens and in other departments of literature remaining about ink and of hoaxes and humbugs. the same. Certain Massachusetts libraries, too, have reported a slight decrease in circulation for the past THE WANDERINGS OF SABRINA, better known in year, and the suggestion has been offered that pos- certain college circles as the protecting divinity of sibly the moving-picture show is responsible. If it the even-year classes at Amherst than as the nymph is found that only fiction is being thus slighted by of the river Severn (Latin Sabrina), have been the public, the lessened circulation need not be chronicled in a book that seems deserving of a place regarded with unmixed regret. Out-door pastimes, among the best of American student publications. notably golf and automobiling, to say nothing of To those who know not Sabrina, any handbook of ballooning and aviation, are in the ascendant, and classical mythology will give her pathetic history. are to be encouraged. The more serious reading of Milton has honored her with brief mention in his the scholar, the writer, the literary club member, “ Comus.” But it was left to Mr. Max Shoop, the and others to whom the world of letters is far wider goddess's guardian for the class of 1910, to prepare than the domain of English prose fiction, is not likely the most detailed and variously interesting account to be materially lessened by any feverish enthusiasm of the lovely maiden in his “Sabrina: the Class for base-ball or other passing amusement. 32 [July 16, THE DIAL The New Books. of others, it is not strange that the son, after completing his education at Harvard, looked searchingly about for some good work to which A GALAHAD OF THE MARKET-PLACE.* to put his hand. The various professions, and Those who knew William Henry Baldwin, Jr., especially that of the preacher, were successively in his lifetime, or who even met him but casu- thought of as possible gateways to a life of the ally, can never forget the charm of his person- largest usefulness ; but none seemed quite sat- ality or the beauty and strength of his character. isfactory to the young man, although he did Those who had not the good fortune to know spend a few months in the Harvard Law School him personally can yet frame for themselves, before accepting Mr. Charles Francis Adams's out of the record of his manifold activities and offer of a humble position in the Union Pacific interests and noble enthusiasms, some fairly ac- Railroad offices. His subsequent work in es- curate conception of him as he lived and moved as he lived and moved tablishing reading-rooms and libraries for the among his fellows during the much too short railway hands, his rapid advance to higher and span of life allotted to him. The careful chron higher posts and increasing responsibilities, his icle of his brilliant achievements prepared by management of the Montana Union Railroad, Professor John Graham Brooks, with the title of the Flint and Père Marquette, and of the “ An American Citizen," must appeal to all Southern, and his presidency of the Long Island readers concerned with questions of social wel- road, constitute an enviable record of early- fare and interested in the lives of those who developed and speedily-enlarged executive capa- have generously devoted themselves to the pub- city in a most exacting department of business lic good. a record nowhere stained with the least sug- The life of Baldwin as told by his biographer gestion of dishonorable deed or intention. goes far toward disproving the common asser- Concerning the difficulties confronting the tion that no man can play the game in the “ big young and determinedly honest railroad man- business” of the world, and win, without loss ager in those early days at Butte, we read in Professor Brooks's pages: of moral integrity. The late president of the Long Island Railroad, and director or officer “In the getting of new business, especially in filling in thirty-seven other important business corpo- his freight cars, he meets the familiar spectre of petty briberies. He finds his rivals distributing · favors 'to rations, held himself always ready, in spite of those who have it in their power to decide where freight his unfailing success as a captain of industry, shall go. He learns that these men are often shown and in spite of the public service he was able the town' by his competitors; that he too is expected to render in that capacity, to relinquish his post to make provision for the display of dreary vices at expensive rates. With bald effrontery these practices and devote all his energies to the numerous have been such a part of the competitive system as to philanthropic causes that already claimed so rank among the commonplace necessities of business much of his time and strength, if it appeared enterprise. They have taken innumerable shapes, from that his continuance in business was morally mere seeing the town' with charged-up revelries in detrimental to himself or others. But he re- local dives, to the politer forms of gift and entertain- ment which soften and conceal the bribe through flat- mained ever “the Galahad of the market-place,” tering indirection." as Dr. Felix Adler called him; “the uncor- Baldwin's way of facing such situations, of rupted knight,” as Dr. Slicer expressed it. which he had a plenty to face in his nearly William Henry Baldwin, Jr., was born in Boston, February 5, 1863, being sixth of the twenty years' experience of railroading, may nine children of William Henry and Mary F. be illustrated by his manner of attacking this first hard problem. Writing from Butte to a A. (Chaffee) Baldwin. The father, whose death trusted friend, he said: last year fell within a few days of that of his “When I came to Butte, I had the toughest job to lifelong friend Edward Everett Hale, abandoned tackle on the U. P. as railroad men said, an unen- money-making for philanthropy, becoming the viable position. I was told that I would have to be a first president of the Boston Young Men's champion liar and become a veritable • bum' in order Christian Union, and repeatedly refusing the to secure any business. I gave orders at once, however, most tempting inducements to devote his great that all business from my office must be done on an honorable basis, and that any statement made must be abilities to the pursuit of gain. With such an the truth. I decided to work the opposite of the game example of unselfish consecration to the service played by many of my competitors, and have business * AN AMERICAN CITIZEN. The Life of William Henry men feel that honor and fair treatment were our motto. Baldwin, Jr. By John Graham Brooks. Boston: Houghton . We had almost no friends, and the bitterest oppo- Mifflin Co. sition; and it has been the worst up-hill work." : 1910.] 33 THE DIAL But he is able to write later that his plan has sions into domains familiar to him and inviting proved successful and that he can win the game enough to the reader, but having little immediate and still keep his self-respect. “I am not a connection with his main theme. For example, sentimentalist, quite the opposite,” he declares the chapters on “Trade-Unions," " Labor and on another occasion ; “ but every day makes Capital,” and “ Open or Closed Shop,” though me more and more convinced that I can carry excellent and useful, and here and there show- out my ideals which grew out of my life with ing where Baldwin stood in the larger concerns you and a few of our common friends." Added of his calling, do not contribute much toward to the perfect squareness of his dealings was a filling in the portrait which the book is supposed remarkable ability to get along smoothly with to present of this singularly winning and gifted associates and subordinates. Those under him character. That he was richly endowed with admired and respected him, and also felt a other capabilities than those of a commercial cordial liking for him; hence they obeyed his and executive order, is made plain by the fol- orders and were always ready to listen to him lowing paragraph from his close friend, Dr. when differences had to be adjusted to prevent Samuel A. Eliot, quoted by Mr. Brooks : a strike or other serious disturbance. His “What sensitiveness to beauty played about his faculty for conciliating discontented or hostile strength! He sunned his soul in music. He could workmen was notorious, and it became the always sing well, and nothing gave him greater pleas- ure. He never had time for much instruction in music, habit of his superiors to “ leave all the rows but he could manage to play somehow on almost any to Baldwin.” It was his transparent honesty musical instrument. If he had not been a railroad and his sense of fair play that prevailed where president I think he would have liked to be a church others would have but wasted their words. organist. He loved nature and enjoyed the perplexities and trials of a farmer's life. He could talk about soils When the presidency of the Long Island Rail- and crops with the same buoyant enthusiasm as about road was offered him he told the directors that subways or the great composers. He loved the bright he did not think himself the man they wanted, laughter of little children, the flying cloud-shadows on because he was known to be on the working- his lawn, and the rush of the surf up the beach.” man's side and that was not the attitude they As a lesson in civic righteousness, Baldwin's would expect in a railroad president. On the life, as told by Mr. Brooks, is most admirable; contrary, was the reply, that was just the reason and the tale is full of warm human interest, they wanted him for president. And when despite the social and economic disquisitions his anti-Tammany activity as chairman of the which have been interspersed and for which we famous Committee of Fifteen seemed likely to are not ungrateful. Three portraits are pro- impair his practical usefulness in the great work vided : of Baldwin the young college graduate, of securing tunnel and terminal rights in New of Baldwin the man of thirty-six, and of Bald- York for the Pennsylvania and the Long Island win as he appeared in his last years. The book, Railroads, he had his resignation all ready to dedicated to the men and women of America send in to the railway officials ; in fact, it was in whose keeping lies the civic and business sent in, but was refused, as we are glad to note. honor of the nation," is worthy of their careful Baldwin's work for Tuskegee and for South reading PERCY F. BICKNELL. ern education in general, his exertions for tenement-house reform and for the lessening of the social evil, his service as Smith College NATURE'S GAME OF HIDE-AND-SEEK.* trustee and as co-worker in countless good But, looking deep, he saw ... causes, as well as individual doer of many kind How lizard fed on ant, and snake on him, deeds unknown to the world, would by them And kite on both; and how the fish-hawk robbed selves fill a volume. Professor Brooks has, The fish-tiger of that which it had seized; The shrike chasing the bulbul, which did hunt naturally enough, chosen to dwell on his efforts The jewelled butterflies; till everywhere and achievements as a broad-minded, far-seeing Each slew a slayer and in turn was slain, railroad man, as a student of the race question Life living upon death. — The Light of Asia. and an active worker for the improvement of In the perpetual struggle for existence, the the negro, and as a social reformer conspicuous majority must always fail. The birds, butter- in the many movements for weeding out the flies, flowers, which make the countryside gay, innumerable evils that rankly flourish in the *CONCEALING-COLORATION IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM. administration of our municipal affairs. With An Exposition of the Laws of Disguise through Color and Baldwin as his starting-point and returning- Pattern: Being a Summary of Abbott H. Thayer's Dis. coveries. By Gerald H. Thayer. With an Introductory point, the biographer has made numerous excur Essay by A. H. Thayer, New York: The Macmillan Co. 34 [July 16, THE DIAL are but a remnant of the multitudes of their Concealing-Coloration,” there will be opened generation which came into the world. A simple out a whole new world of wonder and beauty. calculation will demonstrate this, for if all the The book is based primarily on the ideas of individuals of even the slowest breeding species Mr. Abbott H. Thayer, who is well known as were to survive, the world would be overstocked a skilful artist. In 1896 he published the in a short time. In this game of life, with the important generalization which is now known as odds so heavily against the individual, much de- “Thayer's law,” showing that nearly all animals pends upon success in eluding natural enemies. are darker above than beneath, this difference As the slayer sharpens his wits and claws, so very accurately balancing the amount of illumi- must the slayee contrive new ways to escape nation. By means of models he made it evident him, or all is lost. Yet it is not quite correct that if animals were merely “colored like their to say “contrive," for usually no volition or surroundings,” they would be conspicuous be- deliberate intention is involved. It is simply cause of the shaded under parts, but the actual this : through the continual destruction of the difference of tint produces a nearly uniform more easily detected individuals, in the course effect which makes them “flat” and incon- of ages, all variability in the direction of incon- spicuous. This common-sense suggestion was spicuousness is favored, with a final result which widely and favorably discussed, and it was is at once the delight and wonder of anyone remarked that it took the eye of an artist to who will pay attention to it. fully appreciate the meaning of color in nature. To anyone who has seen a bird hunting in After this success, Mr. Thayer and his son con- sects, it may well seem that all the concealing tinued to follow up the subject with enthusiasm, coloration in nature, wonderful as it is, is really of and as a result we have a large and beautifully no account. The robin on the lawn can find grubs illustrated book, written by the latter. In the enough for a full meal where I saw nothing. The Introduction, it is claimed that this whole sub- predators get enough to eat, in spite of anything; ject belongs properly to the artist. and what could they more? Then again, some « The entire matter has been in the hands of the concealing devices are admittedly nearly perfect wrong custodians. Appertaining solely to animals, it to our eyes, but what about the lesser degrees of has naturally been considered part of the zoologist's province. But it properly belongs to the realm of inconspicuousness leading up to them? Would pictorial art, and can be interpreted only by painters. they deceive anything? Would not the animals For it deals wholly in optical illusion, and this is the perish before they attained any sort of success? very gist of a painter's life. He is born with a sense In answer to this, it must be recalled, in the of it; and, from his cradle to his grave, his first place, that in the long ages past the hunt- ever they turn, are unceasingly at work on it, - and his pictures live by it. What wonder, then, if it was for ers must have grown in skill, the ability to find him alone to discover that the very art he practices is and the ability to avoid being found developing at full — beyond the most delicate precision of human in equal measure. In the second place, the powers - on almost all animals ?" important thing, after all, is usually relative The writer of this review, being one of those inconspicuousness. A plate of peaches passed who are thrown out of court by the terms of around the table, all of them in full sight, will this utterance, should perhaps be still ; but he sometimes illustrate the principle of natural will venture a mild protest. Were he an artist selection. When food is abundant, as is com like Mr. Thayer, he would be tempted to ask monly the case, the predator will select, perhaps the editor's permission to insert a cartoon repre- unconsciously, the more conspicuous, other senting the new-born infant investigating optical things being equal. Thus, when there is more illusion. The truth is, that the painter is trained than enough to go round, creatures which would to view color, form, light and shade, in a partic- be readily detected were they alone will escape ular way; and there is no doubt whatever that amid the multitude of more noticeable or more he has a special outlook on the world for this attractive objects. reason. It may fairly be suggested, however, The outcome is, that living nature abounds that all artists seek harmony and beauty, and with disguises of every kind; and there is no are able to find it where others cannot. Is it more fascinating occupation for the naturalist not possible, therefore, that they sometimes see than to hunt these out, as they occur in every too much, from the standpoint of the present woodland or meadow, mountain or desert, and investigation ? Predatory animals are not look- even in the great ocean. For the most part, ing for color harmonies, but rather the reverse, these things are never seen, and so to many and their whole training and point of view must who read Mr. G. H. Thayer's new book on be very different from that of Mr. Thayer. eyes, where- 1910.] 35 THE DIAL It would take another book to discuss the in the first three, dealing with President Gil- facts in detail, but after prolonged considera man's career before the founding of the Johns tion I can only conclude that the field is still Hopkins University, he edited chapters contrib- open for a more critical and scientifically trained uted respectively by Mr. William C. Gilman, investigator. The authors appear to have such Miss Emily H. Whitney and her sister Miss absolute faith in their own judgment, and so Margaret D. Whitney, and Professor William little regard for any other possible points of Carey Jones of the University of California. view, that they are not in the best position to The book thus has the unity of a single author's do scientific work. One is continually reminded work, and the additional advantage that each of Whistler's remark to Chase : " My dear period of Dr. Gilman's life is sympathetically Colonel, I'm not arguing with you: I'm telling presented by one who knew him at the time and you!” In consequence they lead us to such ex could draw upon a rich fund of personal recol- treme views that we are almost ready to believe, lection. by way of reaction, that the whole thing is hum President Gilman was preëminently an edu- bug. Every bird and every animal is assumed cational organizer and leader. His thought was to be inconspicuous in its proper surroundings, often, indeed one might say usually, a generation and if it has any striking patches of color these in advance of the day; but his effort was always are said to “cut up” its figure so that it looks practical. The keynote of his whole career is like something else. No doubt there is some sounded in a letter that he wrote from Berlin, thing in this ; but placing ourselves in the sup- in 1854, when he was still undecided upon any posed position of a predator, we find that we definite course in life. are looking continually for something which, “For some things, I rejoice to find that my notions according to the hypothesis, we never see. grow more and more definite. For instance, in the rather conclude that under the circumstances we desire to act upon the minds of men, to do my part, even though it may be but little, for the elevation and should drop the psychological concept of what a improvement of such society as my lot may be cast in. bird ought to look like (how did we get it?) and It seems to me that I care less and less for money and begin to attend to actual appearances! Perhaps for fame, but I do desire to use what influence I can the climax of our astonishment is reached when for the establishment of such ideas as seem to be im- we come to some pictures of flamingoes. The portant and right. Whether this be done by the voice or the pen, or by both, whether in the pulpit or in the red flamingoes match a brilliant red sky, at sun- college, — in the editor's chair or the office of a common rise or sunset, but the white species with a dash school superintendent, cannot perhaps for many years of red matches a white cloud, with a red sunlit be decided.” one seen against it! In general, in spite of Truly this was an ideal of unusual maturity artistic authority to the contrary, we are satisfied for a young man of twenty-three, and it was in that the color-tones in the pictures are far too holding to this ideal of helpful service for more flat and uniform (e.g., plate xi.). This This may be than fifty years that his greatness consisted. partly due to the method of reproduction, but Mr. Gilman was born July 6, 1831, and we are invited to accept them as they stand. graduated from Yale in the class of 1852. In On the whole, it seems to me that the book is December of the following year he and his life- unsuited for those who will use it uncritically ; | long friend, Dr. Andrew D. White, sailed for but for those who care to study the phenomena Europe as attachés of the United States Legation it discusses, it will be helpful and instructive, at St. Petersburg. The next two years were and its very faults may then prove stimulating. spent partly at the Russian capital, partly in T. D. A. COCKERELL. study and travel. In 1855 he returned to New Haven and became assistant librarian, subse- quently librarian, at Yale, a position that he held for the next ten years. Prior to 1859 he A GREAT AMERICAN EDUCATOR.* also acted as school visitor, when his efficient Of all recent biographies, one of the most service in introducing the graded system and interesting, especially in educational circles, is written examinations in the grammar schools the Life of Daniel Coit Gilman, prepared by led to the appointment of the first Superintend- Mr. Fabian Franklin. Mr. Franklin under- ent of Public Schools in New Haven and the took the work at the request of Mrs. Gilman, establishment of a high school. These were and himself wrote the last five chapters; while formative years for the modern system of edu- cation, and the ideas he advocated at that time * THE LIFE OF DANIEL COIT GILMAN. By Fabian Franklin, Illustrated. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. are worth noting. In a pamphlet on “ The >> 36 [July 16, THE DIAL Idea of the Graded School” he not only pre- few weeks later to that of the University of sented the advantages of the system, but in urg California. He was also prominently mentioned ing the cultivation of habits of clear thinking and as the successor of President Woolsey; but for close observation he advocated a more careful election at his alma mater he was too much of study of English and the use of simple geo a man of the “new education." What would metric figures with elementary drawing. These otherwise have been the result, is an interesting ideas have in large measure been realized in but fruitless query recent years in all our better schools. Unfor In 1872 came a second call to the University tunately, his notion that the cultivation of the of California ; and now family considerations voice in speaking is more important than in sing- led him to accept. Space forbids any extended ing has not as yet found general acceptance. notice of the work done by him during the two With the passage of the Morrill Act, Mr. years that he held the position. It must, how- Gilman interested himself in securing its bene ever, be said in passing, that the time was a fits for the Scientific School already established critical one in the development of the Univer- at Yale. He was appointed Professor of Physi-sity, and that to President Gilman is due the cal Geography in 1863, and for the next nine credit of establishing its entire freedom from years proved himself not only an exceptionally the control of party politics in the legislature, inspiring teacher, but in his administrative work and also of securing the fund that has made the as secretary of its faculty he was largely instru- Lick Observatory its astronomical department. mental in securing endowment and so shaping With the founding of the Johns Hopkins policy that the “step-child ” of Yale became University, in 1874, Mr. Gilman was elected to the Scheffield Scientific School. It was at this the presidency, and charged with the task of its time, partly by force of circumstances, that he organization and the selection of its faculty. worked out the idea of the “group system,” an It is worth noting that the Trustees, before idea that later proved of the utmost value to the making their choice, had sought the advice of universities that he directed and to educational the Presidents of Harvard, Cornell, and Mich- policy in general. igan, and each of them had immediately named In 1865 Professor Gilman resigned his posi- Mr. Gilman as the man best fitted for the posi- tion as librarian, because he could see no pros- tion. His wise and tactful administration made pect of obtaining adequate funds for either books the Johns Hopkins foundation the first real or administration. It is an interesting commen American university. To give an adequate tary on progress in library affairs to note that description of the influence he exerted in this the library at Yale was then open but five hours way would be to write the history of American daily, was housed in a building practically graduate study, and would include the biogra- unheated, and that students desiring to borrow phies of many men now prominent in academic books were required to pay a fee for each work. As a well-known educator recently re- volume taken out. It is pleasant to add that, It is pleasant to add that, marked, no small part of President Gilman's largely through Mr. Gilman's influence, the best service was in recognizing young men of reforms that as librarian he had been unable to extrordinary ability and setting them at research obtain were soon secured. work. In this connection may be mentioned, In the spring of 1866 Mr. Gilman prepared from a far longer list, the names of Henry A. the first annual report of the State Board of Rowland, C. R. Lanman, Ira Remson, and Education. Many of the ideas he then advanced, Sidney Lanier. Sidney Lanier. The early courses of lectures especially regarding the consolidation of small that the most eminent men in various lines, school districts, the care of vicious and backward among them Lowell, Cooley, Walker, and Child, children, and cooperation between the schools were invited to deliver, also did much to create and colleges, though now generally considered a university atmosphere. Thus from the very necessary, are not yet carried through; indeed, first, through the philosophical faculty that they are often regarded as among the most recent President Gilman gathered around him, the notions in educational development. ideals of scholarship and scientific research Between 1865 and 1872 Mr. Gilman, though that characterized the German universities were devoting himself primarily to the duties of his established for this country. professorship, gained a wide reputation as a sa In laying the foundations of the Medical man fitted to be the executive head of a large School at Johns Hopkins, President Gilman university. In 1870 he was called to the presi- also set a standard that, in the words of the dency of the University of Wisconsin, and a present Dean of the School, constitutes his 1910.] 37 THE DIAL ; second great contribution to the educational have contributed to raise the standards of medi- development of this country.” For various rea cal education in this country, none has been sons, the Medical School was not established till more potent than the high ideal proposed and seventeen years after the University opened its attained by President Gilman. doors. President Gilman had, however, antici Space forbids any further discussion of this pated it from the very beginning, and with the most interesting biography. President Gilman's prevision of a great leader had insisted upon a activity in civic affairs, in the work of organized high standard of preparation and professional charity, and especially his share in devising and attainment. At that date no medical school in setting in motion the machinery of the Carnegie America demanded even the preparation needed Foundation, must be passed without mention. to enter the freshman class of any reputable But it is not fair to conclude without a brief college. But President Gilman felt that a col- word concerning the letters that are included in legiate degree should be demanded, and that the the volume. In them the personal side of Dr. work leading to it should be chosen with special Gilman's life and work is well presented. They reference to fitting the candidate for his subse- show him as a sincere friend, a devoted husband, quent professional study. Natural sciences, the a considerate and tender father and brother. In modern languages, psychology, and ethics, were, his selection of this material Mr. Franklin has he felt, indispensable subjects; and an attempt shown admirable judgment and taste. Enough, was made to provide such a course. What he but not too much, is given. The book is inter- wanted is well indicated by his sympathy with esting, inspiring, and thoroughly satisfactory. the jesting suggestion of a friend that the course It forms a notable contribution to American should lead to the degree of F.S.M. (fit to study biography. LEWIS A. RHOADES. medicine). In working toward his ideal, the first biological laboratory in America had been established when the University opened, and THE MASTERS OF PROSE IN AMERICA.* Dr. H. Newell Martin (a pupil of Huxley's) and Mr. William C. Brownell's volume on the Professor William K. Brooks had been called to the Chairs of Physiology and Morphology. masters of prose in America is a notable addi- tion to the books of criticism that are not to Their teaching attracted to the University many brilliant students whose names are now widely be lightly glanced at and laid aside. These known. In 1884 Dr. William H. Welch was six essays first saw the light in “Scribner's Magazine,” and are now reprinted with slight appointed Professor of Pathology, as that seemed to be the next scientific chair demanding an modifications. Mr. Brownell holds a place of importance among English-speaking critics. experimental laboratory and yet distinct from the Hospital. The latter was entirely independ. and enlightening; if he did not say the last His work on the Victorians was discriminating ent of the University and had a distinct Board word on the subject (fortunately no one can), he of Trustees, but Johns Hopkins had expressly demanded that it should ultimately form a part considerably advanced the discussion. At least of the Medical School. With the completion the same is true, we think, of the present work. His method is commendable. He subjects of their buildings the trustees of the Hospital each author to close scrutiny with reference proposed to begin the work of medical instruc- to substance, aim, culture, and style. He tion. To this, President Gilman was unalter- detaches himself as carefully as possible ; he ably opposed. Such instruction, he felt, should be in intimate relation to the other chairs and represses, for the most part, his own feelings ; faculties of the University. Fortunately his his criticism is the result not of feeling but of conviction. His standards are uncompromi- view prevailed, and the two Boards of Trustees singly high. His conclusions are invariably united in the appointment of Dr. Osler as chief stated with due modesty; he never suggests the physician, Dr. Halsted as chief surgeon, and attitude of ipse dixi. For him the adjudication Dr. Kelley as gynæcologist, at the Hospital, of a writer's place or achievement is no easy task. each receiving a corresponding title at the Uni- For Cooper, Mr. Brownell makes large claims, versity. The Medical School thus constituted and accords him, relatively, the highest praise of was opened in 1893. It was and is a graduate all the writers he considers. Cooper's Indians school in the sense that it accepts as students are ably defended ; his women are affirmed to only college graduates. It thus appears that the words of Dean Howell, quoted above, are fully AMERICAN PROSE MASTERS: Cooper, Hawthorne, Emerson, Poe, Lowell, Henry James. By W.C. Brownell. justified by the facts; for though other causes New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 38 [July 16, THE DIAL 66 be, on the whole, well drawn. Incidentally essentially religious. I cannot myself see it. Perhaps Mr. Brownell severely handles the provinciality it is a question of definition, but surely it is an accepted idea that religion is a matter of the heart, and one is of New England in the second quarter of the confident that no religious or other emotion ever seri- nineteenth century. No doubt New England ously disturbed the placid alternation of systole and was provincial; yet it may be seriously ques diastole in Emerson’s ” (p. 150). tioned if Cooper's own provinciality was not in But is religion so much a matter of the heart some respects nearly as great. Certainly it Certainly it rather than of the head? We have the authority was not a time of large and catholic views in of a respectable writer that “as a man thinketh either politics or religion, in New York or in in his heart, so is he.” And when our critic New England. affirms that Emerson's idealism was as hostile In estimating the worth of criticism, the to the essence as to the ecclesiasticism of Chris- temperament of both the critic and the author tianity” (p. 169), the reply must be that this criticized must be taken into account. Mr. depends upon what is meant by the essence of Brownell disparages Hawthorne more than any Christianity-a meaning which it ought not to of the others. Is he temperamentally fitted to be difficult to-day to ascertain. estimate the work of Hawthorne? To recur to Of Poe, Mr. Brownell perhaps asks too much. our last paragraph, does he understand the New What he seems to ask for is that Poe should England of which Hawthorne was the flower ? have dealt with other materials of life with the Beyond “The Scarlet Letter," he will allow same skill with which he handles the gruesome little good in all that Hawthorne wrote. His and the horrible. This is as if one were to novels “ have not the reality of novels.” “The quarrel with a great painter for not being as House of the Seven Gables” is, " if not the least great a sculptor. It must, of course, be granted characteristic of Hawthorne's larger productions, that Poe is sometimes too self-conscious; that at least that in which the characters have the too often his attitude is that of the fat boy slenderest interest, the most shadowy outlines” announcing to his auditors that he is going to (p. 370). Not many will concur in this. The make their flesh creep. The fact is, that very “Tales,” though original, refined, and elevated, frequently Poe does this, just as he promised. are nevertheless pronounced mediocre (p. 75). With regard to Poe's alleged unscrupulousness “ The Wonder Book” and “Tanglewood Tales" (p. 223f.), one may admit that he reveals a “ have only a juvenile appeal.” The signifi- greater lack of conscience than many others, cance of “ The Marble Faun” is “entombed but need not go to the length of calling him a rather than exhibited in its treatment” (p. 86). liar. And when he is mentioned in the same Finally, Hawthorne “ had very little to brood breath with Mandeville and Münchausen (p. (p. 107). We should be disposed to think 223), the result is, we think, misleading. Even he had a good deal. Mr. Brownell's theory is Mandeville was not exactly lying, in the strict that Hawthorne allowed his fancy to develop at e; he was writing fiction for a credulous the expense of his imagination. This theory age. Poe wrote for a different kind of public, may have led its champion to conclusions that and was perfectly well aware of its nature. will not find general acceptance. Take, for Finally, in saying that as literature Poe's writ- example, “ The Marble Faun.” Must the failure ings are essentially valueless” (p. 262), does of this story, so far as it can be said to have failed, not our critic champion an extreme view ? be attributed to the play of fancy (e.g., about In our way of thinking, the chief defect of Mr. Donatello's ears) indulged at the expense of the Brownell's criticism is a slight lack of sympathy. imagination (e.g., as regards the effects of sin Does he not now and then fail to consider all upon the three characters)? It seems doubtful. the circumstances of intention, environment, the Equally questionable in some respects is the limitations imposed by early training, and the conclusion about Emerson. It is quite true that like? The possibility of this, at least, recurs Emerson's appeal is primarily to the mind ; it persistently. His style, too, at times lacks is not quite so clear that he “ deifies intellect.” lucidity. Two examples of this may be quoted. To quote one or two sentences : He has been speaking of Lowell's wide reading “ His deification of intellect, indeed, inevitably in and the charge that Lowell lacked scholarship: volves a corresponding deficiency in susceptibility, and “ Not a scholar! Le moyen, as the French say, defective sympathies are accordingly - and were as a for such a tremendous bookman not to be" matter of fact with him as characteristic of Emer- (p. 295). Again, of Hawthorne: “Something son's order of moral elevation as is this one enthusiasm to which his susceptibility limited him” (p. 147). seems distinctly left out of his organization — “ Professor Woodberry . . . maintains that Emerson is that particular faculty whose function it is to over 1910.] 39 THE DIAL make the most of its fellows” (p. 97). Admit Mr. Herrick’s picture is that it is painted in colors ting that the sense of these passages can be too black to be representative of the whole of life. made out, one may still affirm that they fall This, it will be remembered, was the conspicuous short of Quintilian's ideal, that it shall be fault of his treatment of the marriage problem in impossible to mistake the sense. One finds, " Together.” But indignation sometimes rises to such a flood as to sweep away all the sober counsels moreover, too many French quotations. The of reason; and it is in this heightened temper that English language may be limited ; one begins, Mr. Herrick has penned his diatribe against the however, to doubt if its limitations are as pro- heartless and frenzied commercialism of our time. nounced as is implied by so frequently resort His method is that of Isben, although he has little ing to another speech. of Isben's technical skill, and the idealist, passionate We repeat, however, that Mr. Brownell has and far from hopeless, may be discovered below made a distinct contribution to the discussion of the pessimistic surface of his presentation. He is several matters vitally important for the growth obsessed by the notion that great individual wealth of American literary art. His method is the must needs be ill-gotten, in defiance of the moral law; and therein he allies himself with the sensa- only safe one, and most of his conclusions will tionalists who in the cheap magazines appeal to the commend themselves to thoughtful readers. In meanest passions of their readers. What we now his hands the art of criticism is exemplified as a most need in dealing with the ominous problem of dignified form of activity, worthy of the ablest plutocracy is a constructive philosophy which shall minds. CLARK S. NORTHUP. distinguish between honest and dishonest fortunes, which shall be as zealous in its defence of the former as fierce in its denunciation of the latter, and which shall lead an attack, not upon the institution RECENT FICTION.* of private property in general, but upon the forces The conception of human society which is crystal: unquestionable injustice between man and man. of privilege and corruption that now work such lized in the terrible phrase of Hobbes, homo homini Such books as “A Life for a Life,” with all their lupus, is presented with force and conviction by admirable indignation and powerful pleading for a Mr. Robert Herrick in his latest novel, “A Life for higher morality in the world of affairs, simply play a Life.” The conception is an inadequete one, and into the hands of the socialists, the realization of only embittered souls will adopt it as a working whose aims would be the end of all civilization. The formula; but most of us fall at times into the mood which it fits. Certainly the gospel of success, as it machinery of Mr. Herrick's novel is fairly conven- tional until near the close, when it becomes simply is both preached and practiced in our country at the fantastic. His hero, a foundling, grows up in the present day, gives much countenance to the view country, and then comes to the great city to make that the chief end of man is to prey upon his fellow- his way. He wins a measure of success under the man, and that the kind of life commonly held most patronage of the magnate who gives him a start, and desirable is to be gained only at the cost of the whose daughter he dares to love. But as his eyes crushing of weaker lives. That great numbers of become opened to the conditions under which success men have in view a higher end than this, seeking a of this kind is achieved, he determines to renounce life that is not built upon the wrecked happiness of all that he has gained - even the love that is his others, we profoundly believe; and the fault of for the asking -and cast in his lot with the people. A LIFE FOR A LIFE. By Robert Herrick. New York: The climax of the story comes with an earthquake The Macmillan Company. which lays the great city in ruins, and in which the THE WILD OLIVE. A Novel. By the author of "The hero gives up his life. The moral is found in this Inner Shrine.” New York: Harper & Brothers. comment of a friend : “ To break the circle of ideas ROUTLEDGE RIDES ALONE. By Will Levington Com- fort. Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott Company. that dominate men that was what Hugh Grant THE TAMING OF RED BUTTE WESTERN. By Francis believed must be done. The vicious circle was Lynde. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. broken here for thousands by an act of supreme THE SCAR. A Novel of the New South. By Warrington force from without. But it must be done singly, Dawson. Boston: Small, Maynard, & Co. individually, each with himself and those nearest THE ILLUSTRIOUS PRINCE. By E. Phillips Oppenheim. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co. his influence. The great end cannot come through SIMON THE JESTER. By William J. Locke. New York: political action, by theory or programme, by any The John Lane Company. division of the spoils, any readjustment of laws, but THE STREET OF ADVENTURE. By Philip Gibbs. New only by Will — the individual good will to renounce, York: E. P. Dutton & Co. working against the evil will to possess.” Powerful AT THE SIGN OF THE BURNING BUSH. A Novel. By as this work undoubtedly is, and deserving to be M. Little. New York: Henry Holt & Co. treated with the utmost seriousness, it must never- WHIRLPOOLS. A Novel of Modern Poland. By Henryk Sienkiewicz. Translated from the Polish by Max A. Drez theless be urged once more that it is a biased pro- mal. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co. duction, and is devoid of any gleam of geniality. 40 [July 16, THE DIAL Mr. Herrick's sympathies are intense but narrow; it took the form of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance we hope that in time they will become more com which startled the world a few years ago. Thus prehensive. the war between Japan and Russia was precipitated, Absolute originality of plot is probably an ideal and the threatened invasion of India averted. Upon henceforth unattainable by the writer of fiction, but this historical basis, partly real and partly imagined, a refreshing degree of originality is still sometimes Mr. Comfort has built an impressive story of love achieved, a notable recent example being found in and war, of intrigue and adventure, that has an “The Wild Olive,” by the author of that rather unusual degree of interest. The hero Routledge is tricky success of last year, “ The Inner Shrine." a sort of free lance among correspondents, and his In his new novel, Mr. Basil King, who now seems exploits are the wonder of the profession. He is a to be credited with the authorship, certainly pro friend of the Irish traitor, and the lover of Noreen, vides us with a fresh and piquant opening. A the Irishman's daughter. Returning to England fugtitive from the law, already sentenced to death when excitement over the betrayal runs highest in for murder (of which of course he is innocent), is the secret councils of the Empire, he finds himself hunted through the Adirondack wilderness by the accused of the infamous deed, and ostracised by officers from whom he has escaped. Hard pressed, society. Learning that his Irish friend is the one he takes refuge in a lonely cottage, which turns out who is really guilty, he rejects the opportunity thus to be the summer home of the judge who had offered to clear his own name, and bears all the passed sentence upon him. A young woman with burden of obloquy, sustained only by Noreen's Indian blood in her veins (the judge's ward) takes unswerving belief in his innocence. Then he dis- him under her protection, hides him for some weeks appears, becomes an American correspondent in in a secluded studio, and arranges for his final Manchuria, and wins new professional laurels. He is escape by way of Lake Champlain, the St. Lawrence, finally rehabilitated through Noreen's efforts, after and a transatlantic steamer. He is provided with her father has made a death-bed confession. This money, clothing, and a new name, all of which he should make a good story, judging from the outline takes with him, first to England, then to the alone; it makes, in fact, one of the best stories of Argentine, where he obtains employment, receives its kind that we have ever read. The comparison rapid promotion, and achieves a successful business with Mr. Kipling's work is inevitable; and Mr. career. The closing section of the story brings him Comfort does not suffer in the comparison. His back to New York, and at the same time entangles work is tense, virile, and deeply informed. More- him in a love affair. This confronts him with the over, it has a distinctive style, which is as far as moral problem of his assumed name and anomalous possible removed from the banal or commonplace, legal position. He decides that he must make a and may be exemplified by a bit of introspective clean breast of it and take the consequences, which musing in which the hero indulges. “Which is prove to be the loss of his bethrothed (who is a better, a gaunt, hungry, storm-bitten wanderer, with shallow creature after all), and the realization that his face forever at the fire-lit window-panes of civili- his destined companion is no other than the young zation, or a creased and cravatted master of little woman to whom he has all the time been indebted ceremonies within? A citizen of ordered days and for his new start in life. His name is cleared soon nights, or an exile with the windy planet forever after he has resumed it, and the complication works roaring in his skull?” The work remains closely in out to a satisfactory conclusion. It makes a strik. touch with actuality throughout, yet it is shot ingly interesting story, and a much better one than through with imaginative gleams, and tinged with its predecessor. the mysticism that is justified by its oriental set- Mr. Will Levington Comfort pulls the strings of ting. In characterization it is swift and incisive; international politics to very lively effect in his it has in Routledge a very proper hero, and in stirring romance, Routledge Rides Alone.” It Noreen the kind of heroine that it is good to dream seems that a British officer in India was guilty of about. an indescretion in his frontier operations a good They call him “Collars-and-cuffs” because he many years ago, and became responsible for the wears clean linen in a community that affects to massacre of a number of Afghans. The matter was despise such evidences of civilization. He is the hushed up, and the Afghans, ignorant of the offence, new superintendent of one of the toughest divisions remained on friendly terms with the British and con of a railway in the Southwest. When he starts tinued to serve in their useful capacity as a buffer upon his job, he finds lawlessness and insubordina against Russian aggression. But the facts were at tion everywhere, his authority undermined, and his last betrayed to Russia by an Irish newspaper cor life in constant danger. He has accepted the post respondent, whose hatred of England amounted to with reluctance, because he believes himself to be a fanaticism. Then there was much excited con coward, having in his consciousness the dishearten- sultation in the Foreign Office, and a frantic ing memory of a hold-up in which he did not meas- effort to seek cover; for the revelation meant that ure up to his own standard of manliness. What Russia would invade India with the connivance of makes the matter worse is that his failure to rise to Afghanistan. Nothing but a coup would save the that perilous occasion has discredited him in the desperate situation, and when this was decided upon eyes of the young woman upon whom he has fixed 66 1910.] 41 THE DIAL his affections. But he is persuaded to test himself patriotism), and gets off scot-free. He is an en- once more, and assumes the command of the desper-gaging rascal, and we do not altogether regret the ate situation to discover, when the crisis comes, that outcome. his cowardice is only superficial, that it is of the panic A young woman connected with the circus, a pro- sort which threatens to overwhelm for a moment fessional dompteuse with bronze hair, a seductive but loses its terrors when he gets what he calls his voice, and languorous feline grace, ensnares a gilded "second wind.” Thus he redeems himself after all, English youth whose star is rising above the politi- in his own eyes and in those of the heroine, who is cal horizon. She has a shady French husband conveniently present (looking through a crack in somewhere adrift in the world, but does not think the door) at the psychological moment. All of this it worth while to mention the fact. Her victim is a is related with verve and realism in “The Taming nice boy, brought up according to the strictest prin of Red Butte Western,” by Mr. Francis Lynde. ciples by a sternly virtuous mother, who is naturally The book is an acceptable successor to “The King horrified when she learns that her son has succumbe of Arcadia,” which acquainted us with a not dis to the wiles of the enchantress. The youth is secre- similar set of conditions and collection of types. tary to Simon de Gex, M.P., and to the latter the Both books have a close grip upon Western life, are mother turns for help in her perplexity. Simon con- condensed in description and natural in dialogue, sents to interview the siren, and thus we have pre- and bear a sharp message of implied rebuke to all pared for us at the outset all the elements needed for molly coddles. a pathetic story of the Camille-Sapho-Zaza type. The An impoverished Virginia plantation is the scene story is called “Simon the Jester,” but its author, of “The Scar," by Mr. Warrington Dawson. The Mr. William J. Locke, is more of a jester than his characters are the widowed owner struggling to hero, and gives the situation a whimsical twist which keep a roof over the family, her two sons, a few has some startling consequences. Simon is in a neighbors, and a vain and selfish young woman who peculiar fix. He has a “pain inside” which the first makes a visit and later comes to stay, having physicians have diagnosed as the sign of a fatal dis- infatuated one of the sons and made herself his ease, and he has been given six months, more or less, wife. The time is the present. Out of these to live. His problem is to decide how to conduct materials the author has made a story of moderate himself during this short shrift, in order that he interest, photographically true in most matters of may make a self-respecting and dignified exit from detail, but far from successful in its attempt to the stage. Taking a hint from Marcus Aurelius, he realize and make consistent all of the leading fig decides to devote his remaining days to the cultiva- ures. The best delineation in the book is that of the tion of “eumoiriety," which means “the quintes- mother, hardened and embittered by her struggle sence of happy-fatedness dealt unto oneself by a with poverty, and implacable in her resentment perfect altruism.” The appeal made by the boy's toward the woman whose entrance into the family mother fits very well with this plan of deliberate she considers a bold and designing intrusion. This altruism, and so he makes the acquaintance of Lola woman, who becomes morally guilty of her hus Brandt with the most disinterested of intentions. band's death, is afterwards mated to a man who is But fate plays him the trick of substituting a new almost as wobbly as herself in his moral standards, victim for the old one, and the young woman soon and the prospect of a hardly deserved happiness makes it evident that she has transferred her affec- faces them at the close. It is a rather depressing tions to her altruistic visitor. At this point, in order book, and its execution falls far short of its artistic that the story may proceed without unduly ruffling intention. our emotions, we are made to understand that we Mr. Oppenheim's novels are so much alike that have been wholly mistaken in the young woman, the same formula will do fairly well for any of who is no merc rcenary adventuress, but a very pattern them. They are ingenious in plot, swift and varied of all the virtues and a paragon of womanly loveli- in action, and are written with the superior air of This is a pretty predicament for Simon de one who has access to the penetralia of high society Gex, M.P., with six months, more or less, to live. and high politics. “The Illustrious Prince” is one He has already cut himself off from political life, of the best of them, and keeps the reader alert. It and squandered most of his fortune to help a dis- is a story of international intrigue, and the “Prince" tressed friend - all in his pursuit of eumoiriety. is a secret agent of the Japanese government who Now it becomes his hard task to respect the conven. is also one of the wiliest of criminals, shrinking tions, suppress his personal feelings, and reunite from no means that fit his ends. His sojourn in Lola with her lost husband. The scene then changes England is for the purpose of advising his govern to Algiers, where the husband is discovered, more ment as to the desirability of renewing the English disreputable than the wildest imaginings had pic- alliance, and his decision turns upon the discovery tured him; but he is neatly despatched by the aveng- that the voyage of the American fleet is not the veiling blade of a queer Greek dwarf, an exhibitor of of a sinister design to make an attack upon Japan. trained cats, whose devotion to Lola is of the fanatic When he is at last enmeshed in the network of his sort. Then Simon falls into the hands of a French own crimes, he permits an underling to assume all surgeon, who performs upon him a miraculous the guilt (after the approved fashion of Japanese operation, with the result that the menace to his ness. THE DIAL [July 16, race. life is relno ved, and he is restored to the prospect But if the tone of present-day ecclesiastical circles of roanding out a normal existence. He returns in Scotland be fairly represented in this work, the to England, but is almost penniless as the conse modern departure from its traditional zeal and aus- quence of his eumoirous proclivities, and, being terity is certainly surprising. preceded by the scandal of the taking-off of the After a long silence, Mr. Henryk Sienkiewicz undesirable husband and the magnified tale of his gives us “ Whirlpools,” a novel of contemporary reputed relations with the widow, finds himself Poland, added to the group which already includes ostracised. But Lola is faithful to him, and his love Without Dogma” and “The Children of the Soil.” for her triumphs over all obstacles even over the Unfortunately, the tried translator of his other novels difficulty offered by the mutilation of her face at the is dead, and the new work has fallen into the hands claws of an enraged cat (the Greek dwarf's legacy). of a literary journeyman whose intentions may be He marries Lola, goes in for settlement work, and of the best, but whose performance is stiff and un- presumably lives happily ever after. This truly gainly. The translator's only idea of dealing with delightful tale is by no means represented by such an idiomatic or picturesque phrase is to put it into a summary as we have attempted; its chief charm bald and literal English, leaving the reader to puz- is found, not in its invention, but in its quiet humor zle out the meaning as best he may. Aside from and deft allusiveness. It provides a worthy succes this handicap, the new work presents itself to us as sor for "Septimus” and “The Beloved Vagabond,” a rather labored effort to give organic shape to a and “The Morals of Marcus Ordeyne." great mass of undigested material. It has to do “The Street of Adventure," by Mr. Philip Gibbs, with the socialistic and agrarian unrest of the pres- is a tale of Fleet Street which is another way of ent time, and the confusion of unbalanced counsels saying that it is a tale of the life of the London among the men who should be the leaders of the journalist. It begins with an account of how the The author himself does not seem to have a hero seeks and finds a job on “The Star” (called definite programme or an orderly system of ideas; “The Rag" by its familiars), proceeds with the nar and this, at least, is to be expected from one who is rative of his reportorial trials and triumphs, and as bitterly satirical and as destructively critical as ends —“not nicely finished off, with wedding bells he. His hero is a weak but generous-hearted aris- in the last line, as all good stories should " - but tocrat who in his boyhood had seduced a peasant in abrupt and inconclusive fashion, although the girl upon his estate. The girl reappears many years wedding bells are at least a possibility of the future. after, having lived for a long time in England, where It is a very human and natural and intimate story, she has been adopted by a wealthy man of affairs. brightened by quiet humor and softened by tender She is now a highly educated woman and a consider- sentiment, a story of varied and picturesque in able heiress, and her betrayer meets her as a new cident, and no plot worth mentioning. The staff acquaintance, having acquaintance, having no idea that he has ever seen of “The Star" constitute an interesting family of her before. Her charm captivates him, and he distinctive personalities, and we get an effect closely becomes her declared lover, only to be confronted akin to tragedy when the group is broken up as with the revelation of her past. For a time he is the owner's willingness to “put up” ceases and dazed, for such a marriage would be a serious busi- the paper ends its existence. The atmosphere of ness in that society of caste and prejudice; but his London journalism seems to be sufficiently like that love is such that he still resolves to take the step. of its American counterpart to make the book, even But the woman is too proud to accept the alliance if in its slighter humors and accidents, easily intelligi- he is to make any mental reservations; he fails in ble to American readers. the test, through his inherent weakness of character. Another story which has no plot to speak of, but So the story ends dismally enough, and the close is is packed with interesting incidents, and is clearly made even gloomier by the accidental death of a a direct transcript of life, is Mr. M. Little's “ At young girl who is a sort of secondary heroine the Sign of the Burning Bush.” It is a story of bright and beautiful creature who falls an accidental three Scotch divinity students, their struggles and victim to mob violence. The philosopher who, like vicissitudes, their successes and failures. They are a Greek chorus, comments upon the whole tragic characterized for us in very lifelike fashion, and perplexity, thus voices the message of the work: we are given a truly photographic picture of their # Whirlpools!—and of sand! Sand is burying the existence at the various stages of their careers whole of Poland and transforming her into a wilder- a picture from which no detail is thought too petty ness, in which jackals live. If this is so, then it for exclusion. It is a humdrum and uneventful would be best to put a bullet in the head.” But yet sort of life with which the book acquaints us, but of “She lives in every one of us, in all of us together, its essential truthfulness we are never in any doubt. and will survive all the whirlpools in the world. If the young men with whose professional fortunes And we will set our teeth and will continue to suffer we are here concerned do not answer to our precon for Thee, Mother, and we -and if God so wills it. ceived and conventional idea of what Scotch minis and our children and grandchildren will not renounce ters are like, they are at least authentic examples of neither Thee nor hope." With this faintly qualified humankind, as are also the women folk with whom outburst of pessimism the story ends. they are associated by the ties of blood or friendship. WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. a 1910.) 43 THE DIAL information in condensed form about the Cathedral BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. establishment and officers, the Cathedral fabric, Fervently as English gardeners may architectural styles, stained glass, and practical Rock gardens bless the memory of the late F. W. suggestions; and the thirty-two Cathedrals are and flower pools. Meyer for setting forth the possibili- separately treated in the alphabetical order of the ties of “Rock and Water Gardens” so sensibly and Cathedral towns. St. Paul's Cathedral under this alluringly, Americans will find in his book far arrangement is treated in its proper place as the greater reasons for according him their gratitude, Cathedral church of the see of London. The classi- since on this side of the Atlantic almost nothing has fication of the Cathedrals into those of the Old been done in the field he chose for his own. A sin- Foundation, of the New Foundation, and of the cere student of nature in her more artistic aspects, Modern Foundation, is the best that could be made. with a knowledge of soils and stones equalled by The book gives useful and interesting lessons in his knowledge of the needs of the infinite variety ecclesiastical and architectural history and church of plants that have an affinity for rocky or watery polity. The popular glossary furnishes a further places, Mr. Meyer studied out the best possible way fund of architectural and antiquarian lore. of bringing these together so as to make art forget itself and nature seem supreme. With great care The many readers of Professor and patience he has shown us how a rock-garden or the Modern Man.", Shailer Mathews will probably agree a water-garden, or a combination of the two, should that this is his most interesting and be planned and built in a manner to convert the helpful book. It has more than a transient value, barren horrors of an ordinary “rockery,” or a pool, but it is eminently timely. It is a sound piece of into a congenial home for a vast number of beautiful Christian apologetic, positive, practical, persuasive. and interesting plants. A stretch of old retaining. Its pages are not strewn with theological compost wall of stone was his delight, and reach a of time- or littered with the dry bones of Gospel criticism, worn brick-work meant such opportunity as he but the reader is impressed constantly with the fact loved; but lacking these, he told us, cheerfully that behind every statement there lies not only a enough, how to go to work with new stones and fresh serious purpose but an adequate scholastic equip- burned brick to lay walls that shall vie with those ment. These affirmations respecting the paramount in interest. The American gardener is always value of religion, the permanent importance of the seriously handicapped by the climate of our arid gospels, and the supreme significance of Jesus,- all summers, our late and inconstant springs, and our these declarations carry the implications of mature early frosts; and for him there is no « Heath reflection and mastery of the topics discussed. This Garden ” such as is described in the chapter added is a strong, sane book, which ought to be widely by Mr. Dallimore of the Royal Gardens at Keu. read. The author faces the difficulties of our modern Otherwise there is much in this charming volume situation with clear insight and perfect frankness; to stimulate and encourage plant-growers in this and he shows with literary skill and convincing logic country; It is published in the attractive “Country- that while some old notions must be abandoned, the Life Library” of Messrs. Scribner's Sons. essential facts and forces of historical Christianity not only remain untouched by destructive criticism A handbook Comparatively few readers or tourists but issue from this searching examination with of English have very clear ideas of what consti increased beauty and power. Of the ten chapters, Cathedrals. tutes a Cathedral church in England, those on “ Jesus the Christ” and “The Power of or what reasons there may be for the existence of the Social Gospel” are peculiarly attractive and the ecclesiastical establishments thus designated. helpful. (Macmillan). Miss Helen Marshall Pratt anticipates the publica- tion of a promised series of monographs, and in a The father Professor Werner Sombart, the emi- comprehensive volume of less than six hundred pages of scientific nent Berlin sociologist is quoted as gives an admirable guide-book to “The Cathedral saying that Karl Marx has “drawn Churches of England” (Duffield), valuable not only a great deal of strength from the fact that he has to those who are fortunate enough to take it in hand so frequently been misunderstood.” Just in what and visit the various Cathedral towns, but also to the degree wrong inferences from his teaching have many who must travel abroad in library chairs. A strengthened him, may be an open question; but proper sense of proportion and a systematic arrange there is no question that both his followers and his ment characterize the book. All the Cathedral enemies contradict each other amazingly as to churches of England are not of like interest. A fundamental points of his doctrine. Under the cir- page each suffices to record all that need be said cumstances, Mr. Spargo's admirably lucid, direct, of the Cathedrals of the modern sees of Truro, and unimpassioned life of Marx (B. W. Huebsch) is Wakefield, Birmingham, and Manchester ; and as helpful to those who already have some knowledge Westminster Abby was a Cathedral for ten years of the father of scientific socialism, although it is at only in the middle of the sixteenth century (a fact the same time sufficiently elementary to serve as a usually overlooked by writers) it receives no atten- starting-point for a study of the great German's tion whatever. The introductory chapters give much doctrines and work. Mr. Spargo is a socialist, but socialism. 44 [July 16, THE DIAL To say he is not a fanatic, and his book is a frank picture the race. To speak of him as “the forerunner and of an irascible, frequently intolerant, and sometimes prophet of the age of music soon to dawn after him” unfair propagandist, but a fundamentally honest is to confuse the functions of the poet and the musi- and devoted reformer, whose work, though full of cian. “Lucretius stood in the dawn of scientific errors and inconsistencies, nevertheless compassed reason,” and he conceived of his subject in terms of the organization of the greatest political movement poetry; he had a consuming passion for truth, and in history.” If Marx contradicted himself, he did a heart pledged to the service of his race. so, we are told, because he was constantly reaching with Professor Woodberry that of the above poets new and broader points of view, as every progressive “each represented some mood of the world at a thinker must do; if some of his contentions have been culminating point, and with intensity," exceeds our disproved and some of his prophecies have failed, the courage; but we can say that they display poetic class-struggle is moving toward a crisis substantially energy with an intensity born of their genius and as he foresaw it, and there is at least a possibility their time. of the triumph of the cooperative movement which he so confidently predicted. The volume is more Memories and Poet, dreamer, mystic, seer of visions, musings of a than a socialistic appeal, it is a carefully-made con- philosopher, vagabond, and artist to tribution to biographical literature, an appreciation vagabond poet. his finger-tips, Mr. O'Dermid W. of the work of a man who was a poet before he was Lawler (if that be his real name) presents in auto- a philosopher, and a pathetic account of a life of biographical form a strange and engrossing record of things experienced and imagined during a life- heroism and suffering which was closely linked to other beautiful lives. A chapter devoted to a detailed time outwardly obscure and even commonplace, but lived with an intensity and fashioned with an artistic analysis of “The Communist Manifesto,” another handling the epoch-making treatise on “Capital,” touch that make it a thing curiously attractive if not and a final chapter entitled “His Achievements," wonderful to contemplate. “East London Visions” (Longmans) is the book's title, and the characters make up the philosophical part of the volume, and form an adequate statement of Marxian doctrine introduced and scenes depicted are of the humble sort, but all infused with life and reality by the and influence. narrator's magic skill. Although a sentence in the It is an odd combination of poets that preface explains that “the significance of the story Exemplars of Professor Woodberry has brought with its visions as here printed will . . . best be poetic energy. together as exemplifications of poetic understood when it is considered as an Essay in energy in his volume on "The Inspiration of Poetry" Values, an attempt to show the supremacy of the (Macmillan). Three English-Marlowe, Gray, and Christian Religion, though not as commonly under- Byron; one Portuguese — Camoens; one Italian stood,” nevertheless the tone of the book is by no Tasso; and one Latin-Lucretius, each displays means didactic or homiletic; the purpose is far from some phase of emotion. Marlowe's emotion was being tiresomely in evidence. The Celtic strain in an aspiration of all the faculties, the individual the narrator's composition, derived from a father making out toward the infinite in all ways,” since he who is depicted as a character of extraordinary force was a true child of the Renaissance in its yearning and originality, accounts for much of the peculiar for the impossible. Gray, who on the whole is pathos and humor in the book. Let a fragmentary treated rather apologetically, displayed the emotion specimen of the author's style be here introduced. of those who saw the new light of the romantic move Recalling his childhood days he writes: “Boys ment, for he discovered the romance of primitive then had advantages : there was no electric light. literature and felt the love of wild and majestic Candles and rushlights revealed immeasureable scenery; there may not be much poetic madness in values in interiors, faces, forms, which the electric the “Elegy,” but there is in “The Bard.” Byron's light kills. The candles had smouldering wicks. You passion burst forth in his practical enthusiasm for could blow them out, and then blow them in again. political liberty, so that he became for England the The old nurse Grigsum frequently did it, in the voice of the French Revolution; his poetic energy intervals of her boisterous fairy stories.” Further lay there much more than in his personal discovery chapters from this same oddly interesting life are of the romance of the Orient and of the sentiment half promised. As a happy blend of fact and fiction, of history in landscape. Camoens saw the world in poetry and philosophy, romance and realism, the the sixteenth century, when Portugal was penetrat- book possesses unusual attractions. ing every sea, and thus became the “poet of world- discovery.” Tasso, who lived during the Catholic Lady Dorchester continues the mem- New volumes Reaction and does not therefore represent in Italy of Broughton's oirs of her father (Lord Broughton) a time of pulsing passion, wrote a poem which is Recollections. in a third and fourth volume of his marked by emotion divorced from action, mere feel " Recollections of a Long Life” (the first two ing. “In his poetry,” says Professor Woodberry, volumes of which were reviewed in The Dial of "art is seen on the way to music”; and this being Sept. 16, 1909), bringing the work down from 1822 80, Tasso is not, we should say, a good illustration to 1834. In these years Lord Broughton's interests poetic energy marking an emotional upheaval of and activities had chiefly to do with home politics, 66 1910.] 45 THE DIAL add to the reader's intelligent comprehension of the books criticised or drive him with enthusiasm to read and study them himself. The thin criticism and the fulsome praise of this volume have produced, it seems to us, exactly the opposite effect. NOTES. and especially with the series of events culminating in Roman Catholic emancipation (1829) and the Reform Bill of 1832. Together with affairs of church and state, social happenings and the doings and sayings of noted contemporaries claim much of his lordship's attention; and an appendix gives his account of “The Destruction of Lord Byron's Mem- oirs," and also a letter (now first published) from Count Pietro Gamba to Mrs. Leigh, containing full details of Byron's last illness and his death. As in the first two volumes, the Diary and the privately- printed "Recollections" are alternately drawn upon to make up the record. As Lord Broughton lived to the age of eighty-three (dying in 1869), and as the volumes now issued close with the year 1834, there still remains a goodly portion of reminiscent matter to publish, should there be a call for it. (Charles Scribner's Sons.) BRIEFER MENTION. · To collect cosmogenetic myths of Indian tribes who have not advanced so far in civilization as to lose their memory of the folk tales of their race, is a fascinating pursuit of the scientist, to which Dr. Clinton Hart Merriam has yielded - with the result that we have, added to his innumerable books and papers on zoölog- ical and botanical subjects, “ The Dawn of the World” (A. H. Clark Co.), a collection of “Myths and Weird Tales told by the Merwan Indians of California." The primary purpose of the book is to present these stories as a contribution to scientific ethnological and mytholo- gical knowledge and folklore. But a popular character is given to the tales; and the illustrations furnished by distinguished artists, some of them in color, make the presentation especially rich and interesting. The new edition of “Who's Who in America" for 1910-1911, edited by Albert Nelson Marquis and pub- lished by Messrs. A. N. Marquis & Co., is now at hand. This edition may be said to mark the tenth anniversary of the founding of this invaluable publication, the first volume having been issued in 1899; and it is inter- esting to note that, starting with 870 pages, the work has grown until it now contains 2,648 pages, or nearly three times the original number. In his preface the editor states that the labor pertaining to the prepara- tion of this edition for the press has been much greater than for that of any previous one, owing to the fact that practically every sketch has been rewritten since the 1908-9 issue. Much new material has been added, making in all a total of 17,546 sketches, of which 2,831 are entirely new. It is not easy to see just what purpose is served by Mr. Milton Bronner's book on Maurice Hewlett (John W. Lace & Co.). A meagre biography, bald summaries of certain stories, and commonplace remarks on each published work, make up the volume. Mr. Hewlett's works are not so difficult of assimilation that they require to be done up in predigested tablets for the benefit of intellectual dyspeptics. Anyone who does not feel more comfortable after reading one of Mr. Hew- lett's charming stories than after going through Mr. Bronner's book about them had better consult a special- ist. Books on books are worth while only when they “The English Moral Plays,” by Dr. Elbert N. S. Thompson, is a monograph published under the auspices of Yale University as an issue in the series of “Transac- tions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences." “Writings on American History," compiled for the year 1908 by Miss Grace Gardner Griffin, is the third annual volume in the important bibliographical series to which it belongs. It bears the imprint of the Mac- millan Co. A new volume in the “ University Studies" issued from the institution at Urbana is provided by Dr. Louis John Paetow's study of “ The Arts Course at Mediæval Universities, with Special Reference to Grammar and Rhetoric." “ An Explorer's Adventures in Tibet,” by Mr. A. Henry nge Landor, is a retelling for young readers of the story of the author's famous journey made in 1897. The book has many pictures, and is published by the Messrs. Harper. Professor Walter Raleigh's introduction to the 1905 edition of Hakluyt (MacLehose) is now reprinted in a volume by itself under the title of “The English Voy- ages of the Sixteenth Century.” It is a brilliant esssay, well deserving of this separate publication. Richard Wagner's polemical essay on “ Judaism in Music,” both the original of 1850 and the supplement of 1869, is translated into English, with introduction and notes, by Mr. Edwin Evans, and the book is imported by Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons. The “Physical and Commercial Geography ” which has resulted from the collaborative efforts of Professor Herbert E. Gregory, Albert G. Keller, and Avard L. Bishop, all three members of the Yale faculty, is a short volume of text (with a few illustrations) designed for the use of college students. Messrs. Ginn & Co. are the publishers. An interesting little book published by Messrs. Ginn & Co. for the International School of Peace gives us a translation of "The Great Design of Henry IV.” from Salby's memoirs, and Edward Everett Hale's essay on “ The United States of Europe," written in 1871 for “Old and New.” The volume is edited by Mr. Edwin D. Mead, who contributes a historical introduction. Dr. Lewis Henry Haney's “Congressional History of Railways in the United States to 1850” was pub- lished two years ago as a doctoral thesis by the Univer- sity of Wisconsin. The author has since continued the work to cover the period 1850-1887, and the second volume, even bulkier than the first, is now published by the University. The two sections together constitute a monograph of over six hundred pages. In commemoration of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the “ Harvard Monthly," it has been thought wise to illustrate the literary quality of that example of college journalism by publishing a volume of “Selected Poems" that first appeared when their authors were under- graduates. Thirty-six writers are represented, among 46 [July 16, THE DIAL Shelley's Prose in the Bodleian Manuscripts. Edited by A. H. Koszul. 16mo, 148 pages. "Oxford Library of Prose and Verse." Oxford University Press. The Ways of Yale in the Consulship of Plancus. By Henry A. Beers. New and enlarged edition; illustrated, 16mo, 394 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.20 net. NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE. Works of Walter Pater. First volume: The Renaissance; Marius the Epicurean. With frontispiece in photogravure, large 8vo. Macmillan Co. Per vol., $2. net. Works of George Meredith, Memorial Edition. New vol- umes: The Egotist. Each illustrated in photogravure, etc., 8vo. Charles Scribner's Sons. (Sold only in sets by sub- scription.) Works of Anatole France. Edited by Frederic Chapman. New volume: The Elm-Tree on the Mall, translated by M. P. Willcock. Large 8vo, 237 pages. John Lane Co. $2. them the well-known names of Mr. George Santayana, Mr. Bliss Carman, Mr. Edwin Arlington Robinson, Mr. William Vaughn Moody, Mr. Philip Henry Savage, Mr. Joseph Trumbull Stickney, and others almost as familiar to the general reader. We doubt very much if any other of our universities could make such a showing as this. Two briefly annotated and otherwise commendable book-lists have recently been issued by the Seattle Public Library, one of them being “A List of Books for Teachers in the Seattle Public Library” (the books, not the teachers, are there to be found, we infer); the other, “ A Brief Descriptive List of Books with Sug- gested Outline of Study” on the subject of the “Pacific Northwest.” These lists were prepared by members of the library staff. Dr. William J. Rolfe, a distinguished educator and Shakespearian scholar, died at Tisbury, Mass., July 7, at the age of eighty-three. He was born in Massachu- setts, was educated at Amherst College, and spent the most of his life in his native State, mainly at Cambridge. He was a teacher in his earlier years, and was the first, it is said, to introduce the systematic teaching of En- glish literature in the schools of this country -- a work for which he deserves lasting commemoration. He edited, with critical notes, many editions of standard En- glish works — among them an edition of Shakespeare in forty volumes, which are said to have had an enormous sale. The list of publications to his credit make an extensive catalogue. Dr. Rolfe wrote much on literary and critical topics, and was an always welcome contrib- utor to THE DIAL. DRAMA AND VERSE. The Knights of Aristophanes. Edited and translated, with introduction, by Benjamin Bickley Rogers, M.A. Large 8vo, 246 pages. Macmillan Co. $8.50 net. English Poems. Edited, with notes, by Walter C. Bronson. 8vo, 424 pages. University of Chicago Press. $1.50 net. Original Poems, Ballads, and Tales in Verse for Reading and Reciting. With frontispiece in photogravure, 8vo, 260 pages. London: Stanley Paul & Co. FIOTION. Erowhon; or, Over the Range. By Samuel Butler. New edi. tion; 12mo, 233 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.25 net. Erewhon Revisited Twenty Years Later. By Samuel Butler. 12mo, 337 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.25 net. Vera of the Strong Heart, By Marion Mole. 12mo, 309 pages. G. P. Putnam Sons. $1.25 net. The Rust of Rome. By Warwick Deeping. With frontispiece in color, 12mo, 400 pages. Cassell & Co. $1.20 net. Elizabeth Daveney. By Claire de Pratz. 12mo, 325 pages. Mitchell Kennerly. $1.50. When Love Calls Men to Arms. By Stephen Chalmers. Illustrated in color, etc., 12mo, 352 pages. Small, Maynard & Co. $1.50. The Way Up. By M. P. Willcocks. 12mo, 403 pages. John Lane Co. $1.50, Fanny Lambert. By Henry de Vere Stacpoole. 12mo, 312 pages. R. F. Fenno & Co. $1.50. Holborn Hill. By Christian Tearle, 12mo, 352 pages. Edward J. Clode. $1. net. The Soul of a Serf : A Romance of Love and Valor among the Angles and Saxons. By J. Breckenridge Ellis. Illus- trated in color, etc., 8vo, 327 pages. Laird & Lee. $1.50. Engaged Girl Sketches. By Emily Calvin Blake. With frontispiece. 12mo, 156 pages. Forbes & Co. $1. Why Doctor Dobson Became a Quack, and Other Stories. By P.J. Noyes. 12mo, 280 pages. Cochrane Publishing Co. LIST OF NEW BOOKS. [The following list, containing 54 titles, includes books received by THE DIAL since its last issue.] BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES. An American Citizen: The Life of William Henry Baldwin, Jr. By John Graham Brooks. With portrait in photogravure, 12mo, 341 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.50 net. Princess Helene von Racowitza: An Autobiography. Trans- lated by Cecil Mar. With portrait in photogravure, large 8vo, 421 pages. Macmillan Co. $3.50 net. Astir: A Publisher's Life-Story. By John Adams Thayer. 12mo, 302 pages. Small, Maynard & Co. $1.20 net. HISTORY. A History of English Versification. By Jacob Schipper, Ph.D. 8vo, 390 pages. Oxford University Press. $2.90 net. Europe Since 1816. By Charles Douner Hazen. With maps, large 8vo, 830 pages. American Historical Series." Mac- millan Co. $3. net. St. Nicotine of the Peace Pipe. By Edward Vincent Heward. Illustrated, 12mo, 297 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50 net. Sea-Power, and Other Studies. By Admiral Sir Cyprian Bridge, G.C.B. 12mo, 311 pages. London: Smith, Elder & Co. History of the Great American Fortunes. By Gustavus Myers. Volume III., with portraits, 8vo, 413 pages, Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Co. $1.50. History of Reconstruction in Louisiana. By John Rose Ficklen. Large 8vo, 234 pages. Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science." Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. Paper. GENERAL LITERATURE, Gathered Leaves from the Prose of Mary E. Coleridge: With memoir by Edith Sichel. With portrait in photograv- ure, large 8vo, 338 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2. net. Mark Twain's Speeches. With introduction by William Dean Howells. With portrait, 8vo, 433 pages. Harper & Brothers. $2. net. TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION. Pompeii. Painted by Alberto Pisa; described by W. M. Mac- Kenzie. Large 8vo, 175 pages. Macmillan Co. $2.50 net. The Valley of Aosta : A Descriptive and Historical Sketch of an Alpine Valley. By Felice Ferrero. Illustrated in color, etc., large 8vo, 324 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2. net. A Guide to the Antiquities of Upper Egypt, from Abydos to the Sudan Frontier. By Arthur E. P. Weigall. 12mo, 594 pages. Macmillan Co. $2.50 net. From Irish Castles to French Chateaux. By Norma Bright Carson. Illustrated, 8vo, 241 pages. Smith, May- nard & Co. $1.50 net. The Alps. By Sir Martin Conway: illustrated by L. Edna Walter. 12mo, 294 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50 net. The Mountain That Was “God”: The Peak Which the Indians Called Tacoma." By John H. Williams. Illus- trated in color, etc., large 8vo, 111 pages. Published by the author. Cloth, $1. net; paper, 50 cts. net. PUBLIC AFFAIRS. Wool-Growing and the Tariff: A Study in the Economic History of the United States. By Chester Whitney Wright, Ph.D. 8vo, 362 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $2. net. Wage-Earning Women. By Annie Marion MacLean, Ph.D.; With introduction by Grace H. Dodge. 12mo, 202 pages. “Citizen's Library." Macmillan Co. $1.25 net. 1910.] 47 THE DIAL LIBRARY ORDERS Governmental Action for Social Welfare. By Jeremiah W. Jenks, Ph.D. 12mo, 226 pages. American Social Progress Series." Macmillan Co. $1. net. The Future of Trade-Unionism and Capitalism in a Demo- cracy. By Charles W. Eliot, LL.D. 12mo, 128 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1. net. Social Insurance: A Programme of Social Reform. By Henry Rogers Seager. 12mo, 175 pages. American Social Progress Series." Macmillan Co. $1. net. Why I Am a Socialist. By Charles Edward Russell. 8vo, 301 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.50 net. The Sovranty of Society. By Hugh E. M. Stutfield. 12mo, 324 pages. London: T. Fisher Unwin. OUR facilities for promptly and completely filling orders from public libraries are unexcelled. Our location in the publishing center of the country en- ables us to secure immediately any book not in our very large stock. Our prices will be found to be the lowest for all parts of the United States. Requests for Quotations Receive Prompt Attention. THE BAKER & TAYLOR COMPANY WHOLESALE DEALERS IN THE BOOKS OF ALL PUBLISHERS 33-37 EAST 17th STREET, NEW YORK CITY BOOKS OF REFERENCE. Writings on American History: A Bibliography of Books and Articles on United States and Canadian History pub- lished during the year 1908. By Grace Gardner Griffin. Large 8vo. 174 pages. Macmillan Co. $2.50 net. A New Shakespearean Dictionary. By Richard John Cunliffe, M.A. Large 8vo, 342 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.50 net. Stocks and the Stock Market: The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. Edited by Emory R. Johnson. Large 8vo, 264 pages. Philadelphia: American Academy of Political and Social Science. Paper. Journal of the Society which Conducts The Monthly Anthol. ogy and Boston Review. With introduction by M. A. DeWolfe Howe. With frontispiece, large 8vo, 344 pages. Boston Athenæum. BOOKBUYERS and students wishing to receive interesting, catalogues of second- hand books should send a card to W. HEFFER & SONS, Ltd., Booksellers, Cambridge, Eng. 100,000 volumes in stock. MANUSCRIPTS TYPEWRITTEN Novels, short stories, plays, essays, etc., correctly typed. Two-color effects a specialty ; a useful form for text books. Revision. Standard rates. N. E. WEEKS, 5614 Drexel Ave., Chicago. BOOK LABELS EDUCATION. French Anecdotes. By W. F. Giese and C. D. Cool. 16mo, 138 pages. Heath's Modern Language Series." D. C. Heath & Co. 40 cts, net. The Apollo Song Book for Male Voices. By Frederick E. Chapman and Charles E. Whiting. Large 8vo, 264 pages. Ginn & Co. Around the World: Book Five, for Fifth and Sixth Grade. By Stella W. Carroll Tolman; edited by Clarence F. Carroll. Illustrated, 12mo, 309 pages. New Century Geographical Series." Silver, Burdett & Co. Zaire: A Tragedy in Verse in Five Acts. By Voltaire; edited, with introduction and notes, by Charles W. Cabeen. With portrait, 16mo, 100 pages. “Heath's Modern Language Series." D. C. Heath & Co. 30 cts. net. The Index Guide to Buffalo and Niagara Falls. By Fred- erik Atherton Fernald. With map and illgstrations, 16mo, 224 pages. Buffalo, N. Y.: Frederik A. Fernald. 25 cts, not. What to do at Recoss. By George Ellsworth Johnson. Illustrated, 16mo, 33 pages. Ginn & Co. 25 cts. net. 1,000 Gummed Book Labels, size 1x2 inches, printed with your name, space for number, and appropriate sentiment, 75 cents; 3,000 (same name or three different), $1.50. THE SAMPLE CARD SHOP 151 LAFAYETTE STREET NEW YORK CITY F. M. HOLLY Authors' and Publishers' Representative Circulars sent upon request. 156 Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK. In studying circulation remember quality is equally important with quantity. Ten thousand readers, and every one a tenta- tive buyer of your books, is better than 100,000 scattered circulation where you “may hit somebody." Publishers can't afford “general publicity.” - Publisher's Weekly. UTHORS AIDED BY EXPERT, JUDICIOUS CRITICISM, the press, and neat and accurate typewriting. Special attention to Dramatic work an novels. Book and shorter manuscripts placed. Address C. A. Huling, Director, The Progress Literary Bureau, 210 Monroe Street, Chicago. THE NEW YORK BUREAU OF REVISION Established in 1880. LETTERS OF CRITICISM, EXPERT REVISION OF MSS. Advice as to publication. Address DR. TITUS M. COAN, 70 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK CITY BOOKS. ALL OUT-OP.PRINT BOOKS SUPPLIED, no matter on what subject. Writo us. We can get you any book over published. Please state wants. Catalogue free. BAKER'S GREAT BOOK SHOP, 14-16 Bright St., BIRMINGHAM, ENG. SEND YOUR "WANTS" TO WILLIAM R. JENKINS COMPANY Publishers, Booksellers, Stationers, Printers 851-853 SIXTH AVE. (Cor. 48th St.), NEW YORK ALL BOOKS OF ALL PUBLISHERS Including Including FRENCH MEDICAL SPANISH, ITALIAN, books and works concerning GERMAN AND OTHER HORSES, CATTLE, DOGS FOREIGN and other Domestic BOOKS Animals STUDY and PRACTICE of FRENCH in Four Parts L. C. BONAME, Author and Publisher, 1930 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. Well-graded series for Preparatory Schools and Colleges. No time wasted in superficial or mechanical work. French Text: Numerous exercises in conversation, translation, composition. Part (60 cts.): Primary grade; thorough drill in Pronunciation. Part II. (90 cts.): Intermediate grade; Essentials of Grammar; 4th edition, revised, with Vocabulary; most carefully graded. Part III. ($1.00): Composition, Idioms, Syntax; meets requirements for admission to college. Part IV. (35c.): handbook of Pronunciation for advanced grade; concise and com- prehensive. Sent to teachers for examination, with a view to introduction. Special facilities for supplying Schools, Colleges and Libraries. Catalogues on Application. 48 [July 16, 1910. THE DIAL بعد عام عدد عدد المعدو !PERSECUTION Etched Portraits of Famous Americans By JACQUES REICH 17 subjects from authentic sources. $20.00 to $50.00. Etched Portraits of Famous Authors 10 subjects. $6.00 to $25.00 each. Or, The Attempt to Suppress Freedom of Speech in Chicago This lecture deals with the action of Orchestra Hall Trustees in refusing to renew the lease of the Independent Religious Society, although it had been a satisfactory tenant for five years. Sent postpaid on receipt of 10 cents. OTHER WORKS BY MR. MANGASARIAN: The Story of My Mind, or How I Became a Rationalist. 50c. The Truth About Jesus: Is He a Myth? Cloth,$1. Paper, 50c. A New Catechism. Fifth Ed’n, with Portrait of Author. $1. Mangasarian-Crapsey Debate on the Historicity of Jesus. 250, PRINTED LECTURES AT 10 CENTS A COPY : John Huss, The Man Who Struck the First Blow. Is the Morality of Jesus Sound ? Is Life Worth Living Without Immortality? Rome-Rule in Ireland with Postlude on Ferrer. How the Bible was Invented. The Kingdom of God in Geneva under Calvin. The Martyrdom of Hypatia. Morality Without God. Any of this literature sent POSTPAID on receipt of price, Ideal for the Home or School Library Arrangements for private plates may be made by mail. Send for descriptive Price List. JACQUES REICH 105 W. qoth St. MR. OWEN JOHNSON'S Lawrenceville Stories Independent Religious Society 203 MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO THE VARMINT "It's a wonder. . . . And the joyful pathos of the last install- ment choked me all up -- it was so true, and generally and specifically bully." — BOOTH TARKINGTON. 12mo, 396 pages. Illustrated by Gruger, $1.50. THE HUMMING BIRD One of the most amusing baseball slang stories ever written. 12mo. Illustrated. 50 cents. THE PRODIGIOUS HICKEY Originally published as "The Eternal Boy." The first Lawrenceville story. 12mo. Illustrated. $1.50, The Baker & Taylor Co., Publishers, N. Y. Df Interest to Librarians Originally published as "The Eternal Boy." The books advertised and reviewed in this magazine can be purchased from us at advantageous prices by Public Libraries, Schools, Colleges, and Universities The only biography of the founder of modern Socialism KARL MARX: His Life and Work By JOHN SPARGO $2.50 net; $2.70 carriage paid. B. W. HUEBSCH, 225 Fifth avenue, New York City In addition to these books we have an excep Catalogue 16- Books About lowa tionally large stock of the books of all pub- Catalogue 17 – High Grade Americana lishers a more complete assortment than Just ready and sent to any address on receipt of a post can be found on the shelves of any other card. They contain some extremely rare books. bookstore in the United States. We solicit THE TORCH PRESS BOOK SHOP, Cedar Rapids, lowa orders and correspondence from libraries. THE BIOLOGY OF SEX LIBRARY DEPARTMENT By GIDEON DIETRICH A. C. McCLURG & Co. Is the solution of a problem that is of interest to all men and women who think. The theory advanced by the author is backed up by the latest disclosures of biology and evolution. CHICAGO 50 cents, postpaid. (Stamps, cash, or money order.) THE EDUCATIONAL PRESS, Inc. 17 Wentworth Building CHICAGO, ILL. WE sell the Books YOU want THE DIAL PRESS, FINE ARTS BUILDING, CHICAGO THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. PAGE . THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of each month. TERMS or SUBSCRIPTION, 82. a year in advance, postage THE ARCHITECTURAL BACKGROUND prepaid in the United States, and Mexico; Foreign and Canadian OF LITERATURE. postage 50 cents per year extra. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current Nature and Humanity are the terms of litera- number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub ture, but there is a third factor which has grown scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription is desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All com to great proportions. This is the architectural munications should be addressed to background; that part of nature which man bas THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. infused with his own spirit, and uses as a nest, Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879. a refuge, and a fortress. Unlike the snail and tortoise, he does not carry his house upon his No. 579. AUGUST 1, 1910. Vol. XLIX. back; but in some measure, like them, he secretes CONTENTS. it from his own nature. It is his second skin - the vestiture he places between himself and the THE ARCHITECTURAL BACKGROUND IN world. The colder or more varied the climate, LITERATURE 53 the closer does he hug to this outer weaving, CASUAL COMMENT 56 the more intimate his relations are to it. In a The poet-dream of a World Republic. — Library development from year to year. — The fluency of region where people live in the public square, Mr. Chesterton's pen.—The unrecognized discoverer where a man can wrap himself in a cloak and of the Temple Library at Nippur. — The recreation of librarians. — The lure away from the library. – sleep under the foliage and stars, houses have The free distribution of unspoken speeches. not much importance in life or in its reflected COMMUNICATIONS 58 mirror of literature. Existence in Greece and Perfection in Prose Style. Herman B. Tanner. Italy was existence in the open air; and so it Colleges and the Carnegie Foundation. Lewis was with literature. The walls of Troy, the Worthington Smith. The Question of “Immoral Drama.” M. C. A. tents and ships of the Greeks, the palaces of THE MEMOIRS OF A PUSHFUL BARRISTER. 60 Ulysses or Alcinous, are briefly indicated in com- THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF ENGLISH LIT- parison with the wealth of detail which a north- ERATURE. Lane Cooper 61 ern writer would have expended upon them. FROM ALASKA TO DARIEN. Charles Atwood The forms of architecture show this differ- Kofoid 65 ence in interest. Architecture for the Greeks Enock's Great Pacific Coast. — Holder's Channel was for the gods and rulers. It was an affair Islands of California. — North's Camp and Camino in Lower California. Wallace's Beyond the of state, a comparatively outward thing, upon Mexican Sierras. which, indeed, all taste and cost might be THE FAMILY LIFE OF MOTLEY. William expended, but which was not the intimate life- Elliot Griffis 67 expression of northern races. The Greeks stuck SOME RECENT DRAMAS. Anna Benneson Mc- four posts in the ground, put a roof over them, Mahan 68 Mrs. Clifford's Three Plays. – Miss Dix's Allin- and were content. The lines of the Parthenon son's Lad, and Other Martial Interludes. – Mrs. are duplicated in the first barn or Quaker Munn's Will Shakespeare of Stratford and Lon- don. — Mrs. Tiffany's The Tocsin. — Bottomley's meeting-house one comes to. Accepting the A Vision of Giorgione. -- Mackaye's A Garland laws of equilibrium so simply, they were free to to Sylvia. expend their whole energies on the casing of such BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS . 69 a shell; could carve and paint and decorate. Roman relics outside of the Eternal City. - A Gothic architecture, on the contrary, is a pro- book of tears and of smiles. — “The spoils of Trafalgar.” — For the best education of women. — test against the laws of gravitation. It gives The botany of the Rocky Mountains, revised to wings to stone, turns timber to cloud. It is a date. — The essays of Francis Thompson. --Sources of the inspiration of Emerson. - Studies of the prayer, an agony, a dream. All this is not to say laboring class in Europe. — The outlook for women that, architecturally, it is better than the Greek in Western Canada. — The Spain of the Spanish. style. Indeed, as architecture is a material art, BRIEFER MENTION 72 the physical perfection of the Greek may consort NOTES 73 with its end and aim better than the spiritual TOPICS IN AUGUST PERIODICALS 74 aspiration of the Gothic. But the last is more LIST OF NEW BOOKS 74 | individual, more steeped and dyed in human . 54 [August 1, THE DIAL curse feeling. And it has reacted upon literature to Tempest,” and Duke Theseus's palace, instinct an enormously greater extent. Buildings and with the same charm. houses in the North have become the persons of The pseudo classical eighteenth century was the drama. Heine imagined a scene where all a homeless one, at least in literature. Nobody the cathedrals of Europe should be gathered seemed to be impressed with the poetry of together on a vast plain, and a quarrel should houses; sermons in stone did not sink into the arise among them, and they should rush on each mind of that light, frivolous, social age. The other in awful combat. And one can shut one's influence of buildings is a romantic power, and eyes and call up an endless procession of the only when the Romantic revival hove in sight houses of men rebuilt by words in modern lit did it come into its own. The Mysteries of erature. Udolpho” is really an epoch-making work in The line would begin away back with Asgard, this respect. Here again was the subtle domi- the home of the gods, whose building calls the nation or alliance of architecture and action. upon them; and with Walhalla, where the Cowper, in “The Task," sang the home, its snug- Valkyrie maidens bring the slain warriors to ness and comfort; and Burns rescued the humble revive and quaff their mead in endless feast. cottage for poetry. From the despised, rejected Then there is Brunhyld's home, and the Hall Defoe, we get what is almost the most notable of Etzel where occurs the most prodigious instance of the significance of home-building. slaughter in fiction. And there is Conor's The fascination of "Robinson Crusoe," I think, palace at Emania, whither Déirdre comes to arises from the fact that it shows the whole die. But these are mythological and heroic genesis and growth of man's necessary shelter. habitations; and it is not until we come to We see the human animal putting this together, Chaucer that we get down to the earth, and bit by bit, furnishing it with needed implements, have houses with chimneys and fireplaces, foraying forth from it in search of food. There abodes where it snows of meat and drink, is nothing in the work but the absolutely ele- Spenser is of the South, or of some No Man's mental facts of existence. Land. His house is out of doors; he has a Sir Walter Scott gathered all the Romantic passion for gardens and “salvage wilds"; it is threads into his single hand, and the architec- only now and then that he dashes in a vignette tural background thrusts forward prodigiously of some hut or hermitage or hall, “ seated in in his pages. From Roslyn Castle, Fair Mel- hearing of a hundred streams," where real peo rose, the Hall of the Last Minstrel, to Baron ple would want to dwell. Bradwardine's house, and Ravenswood and In the printed drama, the architectural in- Kenilworth and Woodstock, he has a long suc- terest is of course skeletonized. Such scenic cession of houses whose façades or interiors echo directions as a room in a palace 66 before and complete the human action. the altar in a church” are bare bones from But it was reserved for later Romance writers which one can extract little nutriment. Yet to carry the architectural theme to its limit. by hints and indirections, by the issue of the Victor Hugo deliberately made Notre Dame actions, the Castle of Macbeth looms sombre the central personage, the protagonist of his and gigantic, the most tremendous projection of novel. Hawthorne, in “ The House of the Seven its kind. And the Palace at Elsinore, seen at Gables,” essayed the same theme on a lesser first with glimmering lights through the dark scale. Balzac and Dickens are almost more the ness, denoted by the salvo of cannon which historians of houses than of humanity. In the hails the revelry of the King, fills the imagina- Alkahest of the former, the house and its fur- tion. The Tower of London broods over and niture are as much alive as the people. And dominates a succession of Shakespeare's histori Dickens seems to have tried to body forth all the cal dramas. The late Richard Mansfield felt picturesqueness and gloom of London, all the this so keenly that in his production of “Richard quaintness and charm of English villages. III.” he opened with a silent scene which There attaches to houses and buildings where merely showed the huge mass of the fortress men abide, first the property feeling, the feeling where so much of the interest of the play cen which each individual has that such an abode tres. In Belmont, Shakespeare is Italian, but is his seat and throne, "a poor thing” perhaps, he gives the place a touch of home enchantment but their own. Then there is the sense of se- which probably no Italian poet could have clusion, of privacy, of a circumscribed world. equalled. And he contrives also to make the Catullus, always curiously modern and roman- cave in “Cymbeline,” Miranda's home in “ The tic, has an exquisite touch, where, after wander- 66 > or 1910.] 55 THE DIAL ing over many seas, among many people, he The Inn is the house raised to the nth power. returns to his peninsula abode at Sirmio and It offers the unexpected and the piquant, — stretches his limbs upon his own couch and comfort without care, company without respon- feels the luxury of home. sibility, variety without dulness. Meals simply This little universe of the house has its central happen ; they come at the clapping of our sun in the fireplace. The hearth has always hands. And adventures occur without the been a superstition with the Aryan race. We trouble of seeking them. As a consequence are all fire-worshippers. A good part of the literature is crowded with inns ; its pages reek Vedas is devoted to the ritual of the hearth-fire. with the savory smoke of their chimneys, glow The home too is, or was until recently, the with the rich light of their fires, echo with the peculiar province of woman. It might be dis- clatter of their dishes, the voices and laughter courteous to call her the moon which revolves of their guests. All inns in literature have around the sacred hearth, and perhaps in sum some merit, even the scurvy Spanish inn of mer when the fires are out, or in steam-heated Don Quixote. But French and English inns apartments, she must herself be all the warmth are best. Those of Chicot and Dom Modiste, and light. Men, with their glowing cigars or of D'Artagnan and his friends, of Scott and puffing pipes, are the stars and clouds of this Dickens, are delightful enough to draw back little world. The idea of food, too, attaches to translated spirits from heaven. The greatest the house. We can, of course, eat out-of-doors; of all in the whole range of fiction is the Boar's but eating as a fine art suggests a house with the Head Tavern, Eastcheap, whether Shakespeare accompaniments and conveniences that pertain or Goldsmith invites us over its threshold. thereto. What a frame is to a picture the walls There is a passage in one of Hazlitt's essays and windows of a room are to such a festal which seems to me to express the inn feeling at site. Perhaps such restriction concentrates and its perfection. After a long summer-day's intensifies nearly all human actions, which is walk, he has arrived at a country inn and one reason why modern writers show such a ensconced himself in the cosy coffee-room looking preference for interiors. out on an old garden. The supper, though sim- It is hardly an over-fanciful idea that the ple, is good, and he has a volume of Congreve walls of buildings may absorb, and give out in his pocket, upon whose glittering prose he again in influence, the actions, dramas, sorrows regales himself by way of dessert. Never, he or felicities which may have occurred within says, did he feel the charm of literature and of them. Ghosts certainly belong almost exclu life to a greater degree. sively to houses, or have but a tethered pastur It would be invidious to say nothing of the In Bulwer's extraordinary story lodgings and chambers where so many good of “ The House and the Brain ” we get the con- fellows, poets, artists, soldiers, men of leisure, ception of a whole building plastic and pliant the gay rattling advance-guard of each genera- as it were to the evil will of a long-dead occu tion, have made their first stand in the fight for pant. Secret passages, disused and mouldering place and fortune. The roll-call of such lodgers chambers, dungeons, treasure closets, ruins, of literature would be longer than the catalogue have all proved valuable assets in literature. of the Ships; but Tom Jones, Thaddeus of War- In the latter part of the eighteenth century saw, Nigel Olifaunt, Warrington, Pendennis, there was a great run on ruins, but they have Mr. Pickwick (young at least in spirit), Marius rather gone out of fashion despite this pictur- and Our Boys, rise to mind. And the prisons or esqueness and imaginative associations. Of sponging-houses where so many of these heroes course the other side of architecture — its temporarily bring up ought not to be neglected. beauty, grandeur, charm, and convenience Nor should the cloister cells of colleges, where have all been exploited in poetry and fiction. they have their larvæ state before they spread The stately homes of England, in Mrs. Hemans? their splendid butterfly wings, go without men- phrase, live in a thousand word-pictures. We tion. have them all on our imaginary visiting-list : We are not altogether lacking in antiquity Darcy's fine mansion, which turned Elizabeth in America, but as a rule we are so furious in Bennet to marry him ; Esmond's Castlewood, rebuilding that we do not let our houses acquire Peacock's Headlong Hall or Crochet Castle, the mellow crust of age, the traditions, memories, Shirley's house, Wuthering Heights, and many ghosts, which would make them serviceable to more whose precincts have been our haunts of literature. And we march over so vast an estate pleasure or of wonder. that our architecture is more puzzling than pic- age outside. 56 [August 1, THE DIAL . in awe, in awe, turesque. One difficulty with our architecture is quence and sincerity: “Theodore Roosevelt is the the varying climate with which we are endowed ; greatest of living men, the most startling character a building which is suitable for our winter is since Napoleon.' The conditions are perfect; ridiculous in our summer, and the reverse. But the hero of San Juan and the Peace of Portsmouth, we are gradually emerging from architectural in the midst of his matchless powers, is henceforth chaos, and doubtless literature will follow on called to serve humanity by accepting the post never before proffered to mortal man — President of the and decorate our homes “ with the wreathed United States of the World.” What more is there trellis of a working brain.” to say? By all means, let us have the U. S. W., with Roosevelt as ruler,- Till the ironclads are scuttled, and insurgents' flags are furl'd In the Parliament of Man, the Great Republic of the World ; CASUAL COMMENT. There the sight of the Big Stick shall hold the fretful realms THE POET-DREAM OF A WORLD-REPUBLIC — of a While the great World Boanerges smites the universal jaw. warless and strifeless time presaged in Tennyson's lines from “ Locksley Hall,” when LIBRARY DEVELOPMENT FROM YEAR TO YEAR “The war-drums throb no longer, and the battle-flags are cannot now be expected to show any startling leaps furl'd and bounds of progress. In the Parliament of Man, the Federation of the World ; The library, like the There the common-sense of most shall hold a fretful realm school, the university, the hospital, or the public park, has long ago passed its experimental stage, And the kindly earth shall slumber, lapp'd in universal and now settles down to long centuries (as we hope) Law," of usefulness and honor. The late annual gathering this poet-dream finds a peculiar echo in some words of librarians at Mackinac Island was well attended, of Björnson, uttered twenty years ago in a conver- and was undoubtedly stimulating to all present; sation lately reported by Mr. James W. M. Hall but no epoch-making acts or decisions, no world- of Cambridge: “One of these days, I think Scan- awakening speeches, no debates or momentous dinavia and the United States will be one Grand issues, made it of preëminent importance in the Republic, and possibly England, too.” And now it series of annual conventions, now thirty-two in num- appears that no less a dignitary than the King of ber, that have helped to establish the dignity and Italy is reported to have made, in a recent interview with Mr. Maxim Gorky, the following profession weight of the American Library Association as a national institution. We have learned, in the course of republicanism: “If the people want a monarch, let them have one. of the customary addresses and discussions, that the If they want a republic, well, let them have it. But what I want is the United paper on which our daily news is printed is of so perishable a nature that in half a century those States of the World. There should be one President journals that are now being bound for preservation of the World, to be elected once every five years." will be crumbling to dust — not the greatest imagi- Perhaps some might think the term proposed too nable loss to literature, yet one that might be pre- petty for a scheme so grand, and that the Mexican method of having a President for life affords a more vented if newspaper publishers were actuated more likely model; yet this is a detail to be adjusted largely by altruistic motives. Dr. E. C. Richardson of the Princeton University Library was appointed later. The main thing now is to find the Man, the Great One who is to serve as President of this a delegate to the International Conference of Libra- World Republic. There is not long to wait: voices rians at Brussels in August, and other delegates will be selected to accompany him. At the election of innumerable are eager to shout his name over the officers for the coming year Mr. J. I. Wyer, Jr., roofs of the world, - but let royalty here have pre- cedence. Director of the New York State Library School at All eyes in this great world-convention are fixed on the Italian King, as he points impres- Albany, was chosen President, an honor to which his sively to "the most commanding personality of his intelligent activity in library affairs entitles him. generation ... Theodore Roosevelt.” Ah!- of course it was inevitable; “the greatest man in THE FLUENCY OF MR. CHESTERTON'S PEN, which the world,” as a prominent Englishman (Sir Joseph has long astonished the world and alarmed the wise Dimsdale) is reported to have called him in a pub ones among his well-wishers, is daily becoming more lic address, should certainly be at the head of the astonishing and more alarming. His latest book, World Republic. Holland, the home of so many of “What's Wrong with the World,” which we may be Mr. Roosevelt's progenitors, is all ready for him. pardoned for feeling reasonably sure will not have “If the Dutch people could vote,” declares a re any appreciable effect toward righting it, is to be turned traveller, “ Roosevelt could be elected ruler followed by a work on William Blake, a life of of Holland.” In his own land, the endorsements Hood for the "English Men of Letters " series, and are of course too many and too vociferous to quote; a fantastic novel of the same character, we infer, as but we will give one, from Dr. Rockwell D. Hunt “The Man Who was Thursday.” Truly, this bright of California, which touches our fancy by its elo young man is making a fine harvest of royalties 1910.) 57 THE DIAL As a while the sun of popular favor shines on him. But taking search for tablets, when suddenly, and much the writing of four books a season, or even one book to my surprise, I came upon the • library,' which a month, loses something of its amazing quality was found at a depth of eighteen feet in about one- when one considers how much of this facile output is half dozen rooms. That the complete collection merely a variation on a few ever-recurring refrains, was secured is clearly proved by the fact that the whose hypnotizing note will be recognized in the exploration of the surrounding rooms and buildings following from the above-mentioned latest book : revealed no further trace of tablets or any kind of “How can it be a large career to tell other people's inscription. . . . The best years of my life have children about the rule of three, and a small career been freely and fully given to the prosecution of to tell one's own children about the universe? How the work, as a sacred mission and trust. No per- can it be broad to be the same thing to everyone, sonal interests have been allowed to conflict with its and narrow to be everything to someone?” duties or detract from its results. I have no apology maker of pert paradoxes, Mr. Chesterton has a facil to offer to anyone for facts herein given to the ity that comes from practice; but we think others public, and only regret the necessity for correcting could turn them out almost as well at a pinch. For misapprehensions of facts in a work dearer than all example,— What difference does it make whether else in my life.” This death-bed utterance should the world seems upside-down to three-quarters of prove convincing and final. Personal acquaintance the human race, or three-quarters of the human with Dr. Haynes moves us to present his case and race take an upside-down view of the world? With to hope that the honors withheld in life will now what reason do we complain that there are only be accorded him after his lamented death. three hundred and sixty-five and a quarter days in the year, and sigh with impatience for the coming THE LURE AWAY FROM THE LIBRARY, which has of the millennium? And, finally,—Why should caused so notable and universal a decline in circula- people relish the warmed-over platitudes of Mr. tion statistics, and to some extent in library attend- Chesterton, and yawn over the aphorisms of Martin ance, is made the subject of a little symposium Tupper? conducted by that alert and interesting monthly, “Public Libraries.” “Good times" and the moving- THE RECREATIONS OF LIBRARIANS ought to lie as much as possible outside the world of books and picture show are almost unanimously held to be catalogues and dating-stamps and charging systems, among the chief causes of the decrease in the de- and all the rest of the paraphernalia of their pro- mand for books. One correspondent, who fails to fession. It is pleasant to note the round-table dis- see why the decline should be so marked in the cussion, conducted by Librarian Ranck of Grand juvenile department of libraries, is answered that Rapids at the late annual A. L. A. Conference at mean more nickels for the children “good times Mackinac Island, on the subject of desirable recrea- to spend at the peep-show, and hence fewer hours to tions for those of his calling. Various sorts of devote to reading. Another writer asserts that sport and exercise were wittily treated, and in so the automobile is responsible for this slighting of the appreciative a manner as to prove that the librarian, library; and it is not hard to admit that the man however learned and dignified, is yet a human being, high-buttoned dust-coat, and with tense expression on who, with begoggled eyes, unsightly, tight-fitting cap, Not that we do not still have with us the old-school his face, nervous dread in his attitude, and wearing guardian of books who asks for no amusement more that unmistakable automobilious look in his counte- wildly exciting than is furnished in the pages of trade catalogue or a bibliography. In fact, we have nance, goes racing and honking through nature's in mind one of this sedate and book-learned school garden, is hardly in a condition, mentally or physi- of librarians who finds in the daily round, the com- cally, to find comfort or enjoyment in books. mon task, all he needs or asks for. But all work and no play makes the librarian a dull pedant, and THE FREE DISTRIBUTION OF UNSPOKEN SPEECHES, modern library methods and ideals call for workers or of speeches spoken before empty chairs, by our of a different sort. national law-makers, has reached such a magnitude that it forms no inconsiderable factor in our annual THE UNRECOGNIZED DISCOVERER OF THE TEM post office deficit, of which we hear so much. So PLE LIBRARY AT NIPPUR, Dr. John Henry Haynes, freely is the franking privilege used that — as is who recently died broken-hearted and worn out by estimated by a post-office official-enough dead-head the long and acrimonious dispute (in which he took mail has gone out of Washington since the first of no public part) over the famous find, addressed a January to fill a freight-train that would need five few words of modest self-justification, before his engines to haul it. One recent order, on the gov- death, to his friends in western Massachusetts, ernment printing-house and on the postal service, through the columns of a North Adams journal. provided for the distribution of eight hundred He says, among other details concerning the work thousand copies of a windy oration delivered by a of the expedition under his charge: “The collection Western senator, and as many more are still to go here referred to as the Temple Library' was dis- forth, it is said, to various parts of the country. covered after a long-continued, earnest and pains- | This national encouragement of an all but universal 58 [August 1, THE DIAL human weakness, the cacoethes loquendi, is of course the height of extravant folly. No one profits by it, least of all the senator or representative thus enamored of his own verbosity. Votes will not be captured nor political converts made by this frenzied use of the franking privilege. COMMUNICATIONS. of goldsmiths as described by Apuleius, enriching the work by far more than the weight of precious metal it removed has always had its function." This whole matter is aptly summed up in the essay on Style: “For in truth all art does but consist in the removal of surplusage, from the last finish of the gem-engraver blowing away the last particle of invisible dust, back to the earliest divination of the finished work to be, lying somewhere, according to Michelangelo's fancy, in the rough-hewn bloek of stone." The “ Conclusion” to “ The Renaissance" best illus- trates how Pater himself laboriously wielded the file. It contains in brief outline the summary of his philo- sophical and artistic creed, every word pregnant with purposeful meaning. I cannot forbear quoting a few lines. “While all melts under our feet, we may well catch at any exquisite passion, or any contribution to knowledge that seems by a lifted horizon to set the spirit free for a moment, or any stirring of the senses, strange dyes, strange colours, and curious odors, or work of the artist's hands, or the face of one's friend. Not to discriminate every moment some passionate attitude in those about us, and in the brilliancy of their gifts some tragic dividing of forces on their ways, is, on this short day of frost and sun, to sleep before evening." On this short day of frost and sun, to sleep before evening. How much is conveyed in these few words! how poignant the sense they give us of the brevity of human life! And what penetrating precision they show in the handling of the tools of English speech! HERMAN B. TANNER. Brooklyn, N. Y., July 19, 1910. PERFECTION IN PROSE STYLE. – A MODERN ENGLISH INSTANCE. (To the Editor of The DIAL.) Your remarks in THE DIAL for July 16, concern- ing the scrupulous literary workmanship of Gustave Flaubert and the late Jules Renard, can hardly fail to remind us of the similar quality in the work of our English Walter Pater that parfait prosateur, as Bour- get once pronounced him. Prolonged communion with his own soul in his tour d'ivoire evolved for him a unique philosophical creed of intense living. His own splendid words best express this attitude of his toward the serious aspects of life: Every moment some form grows perfect in hand or face; some tone on the hills or the sea is choicer than the rest; some mood of passion or insight or intellectual excitement is irresistibly real and attractive for us,- for that moment only. ... A counted number of pulses only is given to us of a variegated, dramatic life. How may we see in them all that is to be seen in them by the finest senses? How shall we pass most swiftly from point to point, and be present always at the focus where the greatest number of vital forces unite in their purest energy? To burn always with this hard, gemlike flame, to maintain this ecstasy, is success in life.” The New Cyrenaicism of this modern Aristippua, the hedonism of the ancient Epicurean communicated to the spirit of this modern pagan, afforded a practical guide to the proper conduct of the intellectual life and made especially mandatory a certain definite attitude toward the products of the beaux arts. To be constantly immersed in the crystal stream of pleasurable sensation, one must not squander his time or energy in attempting to fathom turbid waters. The most masterful creations only must serve to appease our æsthetic appetites those which express the very thought and spirit of the author. “ The essence of all artistic beauty,” writes Pater in one of his lectures, “is expression, ... the line, the color, the word, following obediently and with minute scruple the conscious motions of a convinced, intelligible soul.” To the intellectual anarchy of his time he believed this principle a stranger. He accord- ingly advised writers to take more pains and write English as a learned language. His own tiresome and torturous labor with the pen proved how punctilious he was --- a veritable priest preserving the fountain of English speech pure and undefiled. His own words, put in the thought of his one nota- ble creation, Marius the Epicurean, best exemplify his artistic restraint in the use of superflous words: “He would make of it (the native speech) a serious study, weighing the precise power of every phrase and word, as though it were precious metal, disentangling the later asso- ciations and going back to the original and native sense of each - restoring to full significance all its wealth of latent figurative expression.” “From the very beginning of pro- fessional literature, the labour of the file' - a labour in the case of Plato, for instance, or Virgil, like that of the oldest COLLEGES AND THE CARNEGIE FOUNDATION. (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) Recently, at the meeting of the National Teachers' Association in Boston, there was a somewhat sharp attack on the Carnegie Foundation, one much distressed high-school teacher complaining because the Foundation is compelling colleges to live up to some reasonable standards of entrance requirements,-- in brief, because it is insisting that some things are worth counting toward a college degree and some other things are not. It is contended by the critics of the Foundation that the preparation for college which it demands of secondary schools is not a preparation for life; that college educa- tion itself is not such a preparation. The fact of the matter is,—and we ought to face it squarely,-- that preparation for life, as it is lived by some people, is not entitled to any academic recognition whatever. Educationally, here in America, we have been facing the problem of granting academic distinction to people whose sole title to such honors has been that, figura- tively, they have learned how to dig post-holes carefully. It is the business of the college to say clearly and with- out any truckling that its distinctions are to be bestowed upon those who have done a particular kind of work and have done it with a certain degree of thoroughness; and upon them only. It must always have, as one of its chief aims, that of establishing a proper sense of values; declaring that some things are more worth while than others; that a scholar and a gentleman is a little finer product of our educational machinery than a clown, however efficient the clown may be in doing his part of the world's work; and that its rewards and recognitions are for intellectual effort of a certain high type, and for that alone. The high-school teacher referred to 66 1910.] 59 THE DIAL complains that the Carnegie Foundation is a monopoly: will make earth a paradise for some sections of society In a certain sense that is true, but it has the justifica against whose undue activities the Carnegie Foundation tion of being a legitimate and proper monopoly. It is and some other agencies bid fair to preserve us for a monopoly instituted in defense of those who hold cer awhile. No doubt we shall do well to increase the tain badges of accomplishment, and are not willing to efficiency of all classes of people through education, to have them cheapened through being offered as the provide means for that more and more, to train the reward of another and quite different sort of achieve artisan steadily to greater effectiveness in his work; ment. The protest by this teacher that these badges but we must all the more certainly provide safeguards cannot be secured by him for his pupils on his condi- against the presumptions of those who would break tions,— that is, by doing a kind of work that he calls down real distinctions and put the stamp of gold and practical, instead of that kind that should introduce silver upon brass and lead. them to the intellectual life of the world,- is at least LEWIS WORTHINGTON SMITH, amusing. It is a plea for equality of standing in spite Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa, July 20, 1910. of inequality of condition; a plea that we shall have to ignore, if college degrees are to mean anything or be things sought after by ambitious young men and women. THE QUESTION OF “ IMMORAL DRAMA.” Doubtless in a democracy the difficulty of maintain- (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) ing what in a sense is class distinction is peculiarly In a recent number of The Dial, a correspondent serious. It is one of the dangers of political equality writing to commend a review of Mr. Clayton Hamil- that it makes it less easy to preserve the finer ideals of ton's book on “ The Theory of the Theatre” protests the better classes against the clamors of the mob. That when he comes upon the quoted statement, “There is is in part the business of the colleges and universities; no such thing, per se, as an immoral subject for a play: and in a democracy the problem is complicated by the in the treatment of the subject, and only in the treat- circumstance that some of the official conservers of ment, lies the basis for ethical judgment of the piece." ideals in educational institutions have never come into It seems to me that the attempt to controvert the possession of those ideals themselves in any deep sense, truth contained in this passage is of little value in con- because those who are not to the manner born cannot sidering the faults of the modern drama. Discussions acquire them in the class-room, and yet for the patient of what plays or what novels ought to be produced or and the industrious some class-rooms at least are the read can only add to the confusion in which the subject road to educational preferment. Again, the very ex is involved, unless a vital distinction is kept clearly in pansion of our educational system which is one of the mind -- the distinction between the ethical and the splendid achievements of our American democracy has æsthetic. Many a fruitless contention as to whether a brought about instruction in a vast variety of subjects, thing is immoral or not resolves itself into a question of acquaintance with which is not the mark of any acquire- whether it offends the æsthetic sense. There are many ments entitled to any honor or reward beyond that for things, not necessarily immoral, that refined people do which they have been in the first instance pursued not care to see or to talk much about; they are offen- material success in life. The teachers of these subjects, sive to good taste, and hence not to be desired. however, do not wish to be counted among the outer Those who uphold offensive plays because of “the barbarians, and they are aggressive and powerful by lesson they teach are only ridiculous ; and the claim reason of their numbers. They campaign for their of pious motives on the part of managers who produce cause unceasingly; but the distinction between working such dramas is obviously absurd. It seems no less with the brain and working with the bands, between absurd to insist that because a play's motive is offensive spending even mental energy upon big problems and to taste, its subject matter is immoral. If the spectator upon little problems, is a distinction vital in things dislikes the theme of “Camille,” for instance, let him themselves, and no amount of propagandism will ever say frankly that he is out of sympathy with such sub- change it. jects for stage presentation,- not that the story of “That is what we want,” said the teacher to whom “Camille " is an immoral one. So long as a play tells reference has been made, speaking of his demand for the truth about the characters it deals with and the recognition of everything that the high school may see phase of life it portrays, it is not necessarily immoral. fit to offer as preparation for college. “Don't fool But if it outrages our sense of the æsthetic, or of plain yourselves, — there's a lot yet to be done.” He fools decency, we may very properly condemn it on this himself seriously if he imagines that the educational To quote further from Mr. Hamilton: world is ever going to count skill in digging post-holes, “Critics who condemn ' Ghosts' because of its subject- however studiously acquired, equal to skill in unravel matter might as well condemn Othello' because the hero ling or attacking some of the great human problems. kills his wife - what a suggestion, look you, to carry into our Some people must forever be satisfied with a training homes! 'Macbeth' is not immoral, though it makes night for life that does not merit academic distinction, and hideous with murder. The greatest of all Greek dramas, “Edipus King,' is in itself sufficient proof that morality is a they must leave such academic distinction to those who thing apart from subject matter. The only way in which a really deserve it by reason of their devotion to other play may be immoral is for it to cloud, in the spectator, the problems of another and a higher kind of life. Perhaps consciousness of those invariable laws of life which say to it is a pity that we cannot all be so distinguished; but men 'Thou shalt' or "Thou shalt not.'" when we are, a great many of us will not care for dis It would aid much to clear the discussion about tinction, and the world will settle into a dead level of “the immorality of present-day drama” to keep these mediocrity. Then we will be universally content to go points in view, and to distinguish clearly between that to our several human destinies through reform-schools which offends our sense of delicacy and that which with industrial educational attachments, or other like presents a false or vicious conception of life. institutions, without feeling that there is anything to dif- M. C. A. ferentiate us sharply from university graduates. That Chicago, July 23, 1910. score, 60 (August 1, THE DIAL cess, but if you take too much of the medicine — buy a The New Books. coffin. A wholesome belief in your own ability can do no harm - a little modest assurance, and do not fail to express it. The man who dubs you egotist, windbag, THE MEMOIRS OF A PUSHFUL BARRISTER.* and froth-blower, in all probability has no “ego' of his own --- not even an air retainer for intellectual bubbles. To take to the law in middle life after tasting, You must believe in yourself; if you do not, no one will if only in an amateur and dilettante fashion, the believe in you." delights of the muses, is less common than to If now the reader has not a pretty good men- abandon the bar for the pursuit of art or liter- tal picture of the pushful barrister whose divert- ature. Mr. Thomas Edward Crispe, who has ing reminiscences we are considering, let him just given to the world his diverting “Remi- go to the book itself and fill in the details of the niscences of a K. C.,” did not take up the study portrait. Possibly a few more extracts here of his ultimate profession until his thirty-eighth will be an immediate aid. In an early chapter year, having until then been a lecturer, an actor the author says, à propos of a stage kiss and of rather more than amateur pretensions, and embrace which he as “Citizen Sangfroid” had the follower of a calling which he thus briefly to give to “ Pauline ” in the play of “ Delicate describes in his opening chapter: Ground,” — “I do not arrogate much to my- “On leaving school I was articled to a quasi profes-self, but I can say I have always tried to do sion, to complete my training, and eventually become what is called a scientific witness, and of my experiences ity of whole-heartedness in his undertakings; what I have had to do, thoroughly.” This qual- before Committees of both Houses of Parliament, for and against Railway companies, School and local boards, including the writing of his “ Reminiscences," drainage and other schemes, I shall have a word to say." is not the least of his engaging attributes. In Called to the Bar in 1874, when he was forty- the relation of certain youthful experiences in one years old, he made as a pleader so good use London occurs this characteristic passage: of his previously cultivated oratorical and histri “Once launched, I was soon sailing on my own onic powers that success was not long in coming account; but my life was not one of dissipation, rather to him in his new profession. In fact, he seems of inquiry. I was acquisitive and wanted to see every- thing, and if I sometimes saw something which was not always to have had a happy knack of succeed- good for me, it did me no harm. I had seen it, and ing in whatever he undertook, and this facility there was an end of it." marks the agreeable volume of miscellaneous The record of Mr. Crispe's intercourse with recollections that now adds the honors of au- stage folk in the years when he trod the boards thorship to his other achievements. By no contains many amusing and informing glimpses means to lawyers exclusively, but to all readers of theatrical celebrities, and occasionally a rapid disposed to while away a summer's day with an anecdotal narrative of personal experience pen-portrait of some literary or artistic char- acter. A personal experience of his in engaging among men and women of more or less character Thackeray to give his lectures on “ The Four and note — all frankly stated and frequently Georges " discovers in the great novelist sundry spiced with more than a pinch of self-compla- very human but not exactly admirable traits, cency - Mr. Crispe's short and not seldom including a robust appetite for flattery, hyper- vivacious chapters will strongly appeal. sensitiveness to criticism, and a disposition to The loss of his father before his birth may drive a hard bargain in pecuniary matters. have helped to develop early a not unpleasing But perhaps he is made all the more real to us self-assurance that carried the young man tri- by being represented as so undeniably human. umphantly through many an ordeal, from a A passing reference to Joseph Jefferson repre- lecture delivered at twenty-two before a critical sents him as far more the one-part actor than London audience to his latest professional suc he really was. cesses as King's Counsel. In this connection “At the Adelphi I saw Jefferson in Rip van Winkle, let us quote his advice to the law student who which had an enormous London success. Much later wishes to succeed as a pleader of causes. on, playgoers had the opportunity of seeing Mr. Tree as “ Let any young man who is training for the Bar • Rip' '- an excellent and conscientious performance, remember, that if when he joins it he hides his candle but lacking the naturalness which so distinguished Jef- under a bushel, no one will see the light. There is a ferson, who was condemned to play the part for life, difference between being opinionated and entertaining like Sothern, who became the martyr of Lord Dun- a good opinion of yourself; the latter is a tonic for suc dreary' in the humorous rôle of that very eccentric nobleman.” REMINISCENCES OF A K.C. By Thomas Edward Crispe, of the Middle Temple. With two portraits. Boston: Little, The following in regard to the incomparable Brown, & Co. Fanny Kemble, whom Mr. Crispe had engaged 6 1910.] 61 THE DIAL for a course of Shakespeare readings at a liter- Sir George Jessel, Baron Huddleston, Justice ary club to which he belonged, is worth quoting. Gainsford Bruce, Lord Brampton, and many “She was also a great success. I found her a charm others of note. Lord Russell he speaks of as ing woman, but much as her relative, Charles Santley, “ A figure which stood out pre-eminent among the has recently described her. An air of repellent dignity | legal men of the Victorian period, whether as Lord seemed to dominate her, and she made one recognize Chief Justice or Sir Charles Russell, whether as advo- that she was a person of importance. Her presence was cate, orator, or judge. As advocate, intrepid, brilliant, quite Siddonian. We old stagers, perhaps, underrate "he could electrify the jury by the magic of his voice.' the merits of the actors and actresses of to-day and A perfect elocutionist-inflection, emphasis, accent, make unfavorable comparison with those of the past, pause, harmony, all taking fit place. His action grand but my belief is that very few, if any, of the ladies now or graceful, as occasion required. His eloquence impas- on the stage could match her. As readings, her · Julius sioned, he could move the multitude. In the great Cæsar' and Coriolanus' were superb.” Parnell case, when he said, “I have spoken not merely To illustrate the author's versatility as an as an advocate, I have spoken for the land of my birth,' actor, we find him appearing, on the regular or his speech was one of intense patriotism. I had the the amateur stage, in parts as various as Claude advantage of hearing it.” Under reminiscences of Lord Chief Justice Melnotte in “The Lady of Lyons," Dr. Pan- gloss in “The Heir at Law,” Cox in “ Box and Cockburn occurs the following: Cox,” Goldfinch in “The Road to Ruin,” Bottom “ I remember, as if it were yesterday, his marvellous summing up in the Tichborne case, in which I was sur- in “ A Midsummer Night's Dream,” the First prised to find my old amateur (actor) friend Dickins Witch in “ Macbeth,” Captain Absolute in foreman of the jury. I felt great interest in it, as I “ The Rivals," John Mildmay in “ Still Water was acquainted with • Tichborne,' or de Castro,' or Runs Deep," “ Sir Edward Mortimer in " The · Arthur Orton,' or whosoever he was. Many believed in the Claimant — I confess I did. I was younger then. Iron Chest,” Maurice Warner in “ Camilla's I recollect once sitting by his bedside when he was Husband,” and many other rôles familiar to ill -a sparsely furnished room, a large crucifix at the Victorian play-goers. head of his bed, the burly man lying on his back. I In a chapter headed “ A Few Remarkable was much struck by his manner, and, despite the errors Men" there are gathered some recollections of of speech of a seemingly uneducated man, he was full Archibald Forbes, Edmund Yates, Frederick of intelligence, his ideas well expressed, his voice soft, even melodious, his bearing that of a gentleman - he Villiers, and others. This concerning Kinglake was a mystery." is interesting : Not unlike the Tichborne case was the recent “ To the war correspondents whom I have met, I famous Druce case, with which Mr. Crispe was add Kinglake, the great historian of the Crimean War. of the Crimean War. professionally connected, and of which he writes I only knew him a few years before his death. He was a most courtly man with that old knightly manner authoritatively, as he also does of the well-known which has gone out of fashion, full of graceful gallantry case of “ The Country Girl.” case of “ The Country Girl.” Other chapters, even in trivial matters. I recollect when my two daugh on which we cannot here dwell, contain useful ters were quite little girls, their going to a children's advice and instructive instances for young bar- party, on which occasion he sent them two lovely bou- risters. As a combination of actor, bohemian, quets, which made them very proud: a mere triviality, but worthy of the kind heart of the author of Eothen." club-man, frequenter of smart society, and suc- The author's professional experience of judges cessful barrister, Mr. Crispe writes in a manner on the bench seems to have been a wide one, to attract and hold one's attention. Two por- and the carefulness of his study of these digni- traits of him, in wig and gown, appear in the book. taries, with reference to the shaping of his pleas and arguments before them, entitles him to a repectful hearing in his retrospective descrip- tions of their various pecularities. “Study your THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE.* judge,” was always his maxim, he tells us ; “ humour his weakness — judges have some The essential nature and limitations of this and never skate up to dangerous water. In such imposing work have been described for the readers of THE DIAL in a notice of the first way, you may manage the judge whom other counsel have found unmanageable. Whenever two volumes.f The second two, which we are you find your judge will do your work for you, now to examine, could hardly exhibit any let him do it; he will do it much better than * THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. you can.” Among the eminent occupants of Edited by A. W. Ward and A. R. Waller. Volume III., the judicial bench whom the author presents to Renaissance and Reformation ; Volume IV., From Sir Thomas North to Michael Drayton. Cambridge, England: our view are Chief Justices Cockburn and Cole- University Press. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. ridge, Lord Russell of Killowen, Justice Lush, † The DIAL, April 1, 1909. 62 (August 1, THE DIAL e to distinct advance in the way of general plan or henceforth must be regarded as indispensable intended function; and they actually show little to the serious student of English literature. improvement in certain respects where it might In the matter of perspective, then, it may be with confidence have been awaited. Though we observed that the amount of space which has may again applaud the choice of some of the been variously allotted to Drayton, Campion, persons who have been enrolled as contributors, Burton, and Sir John Davies, does not by any there is reason for astonishment at the number means correspond to what one might naturally of others who are scarcely known in the field of have predicted. It is not easy to comprehend English scholarship, and who in more than one why Drayton has a long chapter to himself, instance have not succeeded in acquiring the and not Daniel also; or Campion a short one, bare technique of a passable style. It is true, while Davies has but a few pages. If the rela- Volumes III. and IV. contain a few articles tive importance of these men were to be esti- which excel in style, in simplicity and directness mated by the effect of each upon the literature of presentation, and in the rejection of details of the nineteenth century — and an objective that might be confusing or in dispute, as well standard of this sort would be better than as of matter which, however attractive in itself, none, - the attention which they would respect- might not justly be included in the history of ively secure would be very different from that literature. Yet, to offset this, there are entire which is accorded to them in the Cambridge chapters which are devoted to such topics as History. And by what arbitrary ruling came “ The Dissolution of the Religious Houses,” the editors to decide that Sir Walter Raleigh, “English Universities, Schools, and Scholar rather than Sir Philip Sidney, should be treated ship in the Sixteenth Century,” “ The Book- in a separate chapter? The fact is, of course, trade, 1557-1625," and “The Foundation of that in their desire at one time to follow the Libraries.” The second of these in particular trend of literary movements, at another to dis- constitutes a valuable discussion, long needed, cuss types of literature, and at another to re- of a subject having the utmost importance to count the life of some very eminent individual, students of Elizabethan poetry ; but it repre- Messrs. Ward and Waller have not consistently sents the kind of subordinate investigation upon adhered to any manifest principle of division which the history of literature must be founded, and arrangement. As a result, we are too fre- rather than a portion of that history itself. quently annoyed by interruptions like the fol- And why, we may ask, should an article on the lowing, from the account of Samuel Daniel in book-trade between the years 1557 and 1675, if | Volume IV. (p. 155): it is to appear at all in such surroundings, be “ Daniel's sonnets have been discussed elsewhere almost half again as long as one dealing with [in Volume III.], and no further mention need be made the position and influence of the Authorized of them here, while his Senecan tragedies and his Version of the Bible especially when the edi masques also belong to another section (other sections?] of this work [i. e., Volumes V. and VI., which are yet tors in charge have given their tacit approval to to come]." the belief that the Authorized Version is the first English classic,” and to citations showing trying within the limits of a Cross-references of this nature are sufficiently that it has been the most vital of all forces in trying within the limits of a single volume. Where the treatise is more extensive, they are its reaction upon subsequent masterpieces in English? Is there any good reason for this dis possibly unavoidable. Nevertheless, in a model structure like Croiset's Histoire de la Littéra- cord between the implied theory and the actual ture Grecque the scaffolding is not thus pain- practice? No satisfying answer can be given to these questions ; hence we may negatively considered at a time, and the treatment of it fully obtrusive, indeed, one topic is there characterize the two volumes under discussion finished ; nor is the clear-cut impression of any as not only lacking, on the whole, in workman- ship of style, but also as deficient in general phase of a subject marred by the arid and perspective. formless writing in which the editors of the mbridge History have now and then allowed It seems necessary to speak still further of these shortcomings, as well as to point out the their collaborators to indulge. A case where editorial revision was needed may be found on high degree of excellence which has been at- tained by some of the individual contributors. page 183 of Volume IV. No one, however, will expect so brief a review “ Fulke Greville, lord Brooke, belonged to an elder generation than that of the other poets in this chapter, as this to emphasize all the merits of two large and was an exact contemporary of Sir Philip Sidney, volumes; for the work, when everything is said, whose life he wrote. . . : Fulke Greville, primarily, 1910.] 63 THE DIAL was a statesman and man of affairs. In 1598, he be “ He lived twenty-six years after the appearance of came treasurer of the navy, and, in 1614, chancellor of Flowers of Sion, and, from one point of view, his life in the exchequer. Born at Beauchamp court, Warwick that year began. He took interest in the stirring events shire, in 1554, Fulke Greville entered Shrewsbury school that followed the death of James I.; he wrote a history on the very same day as Philip Sidney, 17 October of Scotland; he married and had many children; he 1564, and, from Shrewsbury, he went to Jesus College, wrote topical prose pamphlets; he travelled; he rebuilt Cambridge, four years later. ... Fulke Greville was his house” (IV., p. 177). a great patron of letters." “At any rate," demands Socrates in the This repetitious clattering of dry bones, from a Phædruš, “you will allow that every discourse writer who at his best displays no little anima- ought to be a living creature, having a body of tion and critical insight, may serve to introduce its own and a head and feet; there should be a few additional remarks upon the style, or a middle, beginning, and end, adapted to one styles, of the Cambridge History. another and to the whole? ... Now in this At the outset, one may observe that, had the rhyme whether a line comes first or comes last, present work been a history of Greek literature, as you will perceive, makes no difference.” In organized under the direction of men like Pro- the case of a person who displays so little self- fessors Tucker and Rhys Roberts, and other suspicion as Mr. de Sélincourt with respect to pupils of the late Sir Richard Jebb at Cam- the employment of s and p, not to speak of bridge, the quality of the composition would sequence and other points of style, one may almost certainly have been better on an average, venture to exercise the animus supicace upon and more even throughout. Is it possible that, some part of his subject matter. How many by a tendency toward a too narrow specializa- will agree that Drummond “saw and sang the tion, scholarship in English has been drifting truth (that God is love) less clearly, and, there- away in Great Britain from the more humane fore, less beautifully, than Shelley,” though traditions of culture, and that, as in Germany “there is much in them of surprising similar- and America, special students of modern litera- ity”? “In Drummond's poems ... the idea ture are rewarded for their energy in searching remained a beautiful theory, whereas Shelley out and merely recording, rather than for the applied the idea to human life and worked it attainment of a sense of values — throughout in amazing detail, helped by his profound investigation, of course, —or for taste and the knowledge of human nature” (IỎ., p. 177). To power of synthesis? If so, the editors of the me at least, Shelley is distinguished by his pro- Cambridge History, both of them skilled and found lack of such knowledge. And is it safe acceptable writers, ought to be among the first to to affirm that “the sympathy which Milton react against so harmful a drift, by exercising a could not but feel for the rebel transformed the greater care in the choice of their assistants. figure of Satan from a fine conception to one of One would not wish to see Mr. de Sélincourt, immortal grandeur,” or that Milton “human- from whom the remarks on Fulke Greville are ized the devil” (IV., p. 192)? “There is taken, in the number of those excluded. Since neither truth nor wit," observes Landor, follow- he is by no means the worst offender, we may ing Addison, “in saying that Satan is hero [of quote his “Successors of Spenser • Paradise Lost'], unless, as is usually the case twice more, by way of indicating the average. in human life, he is the greatest hero who gives In the following, he has not regarded Robert the widest sway to his own passions. Has Louis Stevenson on the desirability of avoiding Mr. de Sélincourt been duped by the bombastic a too obvious recurrence of the letter p in arguments of the Miltonic Satan, forgetting how English: Milton himself describes these utterances ? “In like manner, Sidney's famous apology for poetry High words, that bore and the English language worked upon his successors so Semblance of worth, not substance." greatly that they one and all wished themselves poets; and a surprising number were poets” (IV., p. 172). In these quotations from "The Successors of Spenser," various odd commas, and the unex- Similarly here: pected absence of capital letters (“lord Brooke," “He [Wither] ... wrote pastorals, which were published in 1615 under the title The Shepherd's Hunt- “Jesus college”), are not the fault of the indi- ing. In the fourth eclogue, in praising the poetry of vidual writer. The whole work, we must fear, is · My Willie,' . . . he extolled the power of poetry in now committed to a mode of punctuation, espe- general” (IV., pp. 178-9). cially in the setting off of short restrictive Again, this is a curious way in which to end an ac phrases, adverbial qualifiers, and the like, which count of the life of Drummond of Hawthornden: | frequently is irritating and for the most part once or 64 [August 1, THE DIAL seems to be unwaranted by the best practice. trivial. In other words, notwithstanding the The demands of uniformity notwithstanding, customary dryness of his manner, he displays it would be well to adopt the less provincial certain qualities which the Cambridge History usage in the remaining ten volumes. In the mat as a whole does not, by manifesting a sense of ter of ordinary proof-reading also, the standard order and proportion. His “Summary View of exactness maintained by the Clarendon Press of Spenser's Genius” (III., pp. 277–280) is readily suggests itself as more desirable ; for admirable in its breadth and precision. though Volumes III. and IV. evince greater If the editors were fortunate in obtaining the care in this regard than their predecessors, services of Mr. Courthope for “ The Poetry of the number of misprints and other accidents of Spenser,” they were yet more so in securing those typography in them is far too large. “ The Son of Mr. Whibley for the chapter in Volume IV. neteering Conceit of Immorality" [= Immor on the Elizabethan translators; for his sub- tality] (III., p. 295) is a fair example. Also stance is equally good, and the form of his pre- compare “ Davison ” with “ Davidson,” pp. 143, sentation most engaging. He too has an eye 225, of Volume IV. for what is of vital interest, so that we may But let us turn to what ought to be praised. condone his occasional fondness for epigram, if “ The sonneteering conceit of immortality it betrays him into nothing worse than the strikes a key-note in Mr. Sidney Lee's chapter declaration that Arthur Golding is “never a on “ The Elizabethan Sonnet," an able discus-poet and never a shirk.” Are we to admit sion, clear, full, and precise, showing the fruit that the bits of Golding's Ovid that have crept of recent studies in Elizabethan authors and into the dramas of Shakespeare are not poet- their French or Italian models; yet somewhat ical ? But we note with satisfaction that, in wanting in the quality of sympathetic insight. spite of the adverse judgment of Matthew Mr. Lee does, in fact, lay too much stress upon Arnold, Mr. Whibley regards Chapman's questions of external form and superficial evi- translation of Homer as not only “vigorous,' dences of imitation ; so that in the next vol but also “faithful.” “ To do full justice to ume (IV., p. 204) Mr. Harold H. Child is forced Chapman's work,” he adds (IV., pp. 24–25), to observe : “a continuous reading is necessary. It shines “ Into the vexed question of the genuineness of the less brightly in isolated passages than in its sentiments expressed in [Drayton's] and other Eliza whole surface, various and burnished, like the bethan sonnets, this is not the place to enter. It is shield of Achilles.” Our commendation of the perhaps, generally recognized that the adoption of a poetic convention does not necessarily denote insincerity chapter must be extended so as to include the in the poet; and the question is not whether or whence valuable bibliography of translations in thirteen he borrowed his conventions, but whether he has sub pages of the appendix. No comparable list of dued them to his own genius.” references has hitherto been published. We might infer from Mr. Lee that not even What has been observed concerning the Spenser was competent wholly to subdue a bor- choice of collaborators for these two volumes rowed form to the sincere expression of his own does not hold with reference to the scholars who feelings. Still, if we put together what Mr. have been enlisted from countries outside of Courthope and others have said in these two Great Britain. Professor Koeppel of Freiburg, volumes about the poets' poet, Mr. Lee's insist- for example, speaks with authority upon Barclay ence on some of his favorite conclusions, even and Skelton; and our own Professor Cunliffe where they are not highly imaginative, will send has two suitable chapters dealing with “A no one far astray. Mirror for Magistrates” and “George Gas- Spenser does indeed, and with justice, receive coigne.” Moreover, the editors have bestowed a large share of attention in these sections of a signal mark of consideration upon America the Cambridge History; and Mr. Courthope's by inviting Professor Cook of Yale to explain special chapter on him is one of the most satis- the position and influence of the King James factory things thus far in the whole work. It version of the Bible, a task for which the is not inspired - no one who is familiar with author was well fitted on account of his investi- Mr. Courthope’s “ History of English Poetry” gations into the bearing of Scriptural literature will marvel at the lack ; but his training through upon Old English, and his continued study of long term of years in his own extensive under- the relations between the Bible and subsequent taking now enables him to render emphatic those writers like Ruskin, Shelley, and Burke. things which ought to be made so, and to pass over and omit what is relatively or altogether LANE COOPER. 1910.) 65 THE DIAL sive grasp of the important and significant facts FROM ALASKA TO DARIEN.* and factors in the environment of the peoples With pending realization of the long hoped- of the countries discussed, and of the industrial, for and long deferred opening of a canal across commercial, social, and political factors of im- the isthmus of Panama, the great Pacific Coast portance in their national life. Some inaccu- — that remotest of all shores from the main racies inevitably creep into a work planned so routes of commerce and travel — is destined to comprehensively. Thus, the reader might think become the goal of an increasing number of that the Union Pacific Railroad entered Cali- Argonauts. The advertising literature of enter fornia ; that eight thousand years was a fair prising railroads, the richly-illustrated booklets estimate of the age of the great Sequoias, of enthusiastic and experienced secretaries of whereas four thousand is doubtless nearer the state promotion committees and local chambers fact. The author's statistics of population also of commerce, and the glowing tributes of town need chronological coördination, and his state- site and colony promotors, have done much to ment that prostitution is legalized in San Fran- inform the enquiring public of the attractions, cisco calls for correction. It is far from being genuine and prospective, of the region which is true that the State University at Berkeley well called the Italy of America. It is both “owes its existence mainly to a Californian refreshing and informing to turn from this millionaire”; nor is the sweeping generalization, alluring if sometimes turbid flood of informa- made à propos of the boasted freedom of our tion to a pleasing group of books whose authors educational institutions, at all justified by the view our occidental shores from diverse angles fact that “ the colour-line is jealously drawn in of vision and with very different horizons. all American institutions in a way unknown in A comprehensive glance at « The Great Britain or British dependencies.” The author Pacific Coast” of the three Americas is to be writes quite sympathetically of the Spanish- found in Mr. C. Reginald Enock's book with American peoples to whose faults and foibles that title. The author's wide experience in he is at least lenient. His knowledge of Amer- travel, and his previous works dealing with ican life has evidently been to a considerable Spanish-American countries bordering upon the degree gained in mining communities, those out- Pacific, have made it possible for him to bring skirts of modern civilization where the veneer together in a unique volume a very complete of culture is badly abraded and the stratifica- and readable account of the Pacific countries, tion of society is reduced to the simplicity of from Chili to Alaska, of " these sunset lands elemental disorder. For this reason, and doubt- where roll twelve thousand miles of ocean surge less also for others equally good and less com- against the Pacific shores.” Single chapters are plimentary to the Native Sons of the Golden given to Mexico, Central America, Columbia, West and to later arrivals, his freely expressed and Ecuador, Peru, and Chili; and four each opinion of Californians is not palatable, nor on to California and the Northwest, including the whole a just appreciation of all the forces Alaska. The book is rich in historical refer at work in our cosmopolitan life. He says: ences, is descriptive in the best sense without “ The Americans are a remarkable people for trav- being a dry mass of assorted detail, and is en elling. They are ever running across their continent livened by personal incident and experiences. and up and down it with the activity of ants, with one It exhibits to an unusual degree a comprehen- underlying motive — business. The powers of modern usuary are eloquently depicted in American railroads *THE GREAT PACIFIC Coast. Twelve Thousand Miles and hotels, and the ceaseless, restless life of barter in the Golden West. Being an Account of Life and Travel which is the soul at present of these remarkable in the Western States of North and South America, from people. This constant flux and movement naturally California, British Columbia, and Alaska, to Mexico, Pan prevents the crystallization of the Californians into the ama, Peru, and Chili. With a Study of their Physical and distinct nationality which their geographical environ- Political Conditions. By C. Reginald Enock, F.R.G.S. ment and history might otherwise have induced. Illustrated. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. The character of the people, to British eyes, seems THE CHANNEL ISLANDS OF CALIFORNIA. A Book for overshadowed at times by the almost aggressive the Angler, Sportsman, and Tourist. By Charles Frederick Holder. Illustrated. Chicago : A. C, McClurg & Co. incivility and cynical shrewdness common to the West- CAMP AND CAMINO IN LOWER CALIFORNIA. A Record of ern American, which often hides their otherwise good the Adventures of the Author while Exploring Peninsular qualities.” California, Mexico. By Arthur Walbridge North. With a Though keenly critical of our crudities and Foreword by Robley D. Evans, U.S.N. Illustrated, and with shortcomings, and perhaps not fully cognizant Bibliography. New York: The Baker & Taylor Co. BEYOND THE MEXICAN SIERRAS. By Dillon Wallace. of the sources of our culture and their real Illustrated. Chicago : A. C. McClurg & Co. strength, the author is still sanguine " that an 66 [August 1, THE DIAL era of real civilization will be the outcome of twice lost as a province of the United States, it the strenuous life of t