$1.20 net.—The Fairy Ring, with introduction by Kate Douglas Wiggin and an orig- inal poem by Nora Archibald Smith, illus. in color, $1.25. (Doubleday, Page & Co.) The Young Mineralogist Series, first_vols.: A Chip of the Old Block, by Prof. É. J. Houston, illus. ; The Land Drought, by Prof. E. J. Houston; each illus., $1.25. (Griffith & Rowland Press.) The Frozen Northland, by Winfield 8. Mason, illus., $1.25 net.-A Jolly Half Dozen, by Mrs. Mary McCrae Culter, illus., $1. net. (Jennings & Gra- ham.) Juvenile Speaker, by L. Frank Baum, illus., $1.25.- The Emerald City of Oz, by L. Frank Baum, illus. in color, $1.25. (Reilly & Britton Co.) The Knighting of the Twins, and ten other tales, by Clyde Fitch, $1.25. (Mitchell Kennerley.) Green Mountain Pioneers, by George Waldo Browne, illus., $1.50.- The Fairy Changeling, by Harriet Prescott Spofford, illus. by Fanny Y. Cory, $1. net. -A Daughter of the Revolution, by Jessie Ander- son Chase, illus., $1.-Coco Bolo, King of the Float- ing Islands, by Sigford F. Hamp, illus., $1. (Rich- ard G. Badger.) Fairy Tales from Afar, by Svend Grundtvig, illus., $1.25. (Wessels & Bissell Co.) 248 [Oct. 1, THE DIAL TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. October, 1910. Pencraft, Thirty Years of. General Charles King. Lippincott. Pennsylvania Railroad Station. M. Schuyler. Int. Studio. Pittsburg, What a Few Men Did in. Albert R. Nock. American. Play, Planting a. George Middleton. Bookman. Poison Bugaboo, The. Samuel Hopkins Adams. Everybody's. Politics, The New. William Garrott Brown. North American. Pragmatisms, The Two. Vernon Lee. North American. Pre-Raphaelite Poets, A Group of. Ford M. Hueffer. Harper. Railroads in Far Places. Frederic B. Warren. World To-day. Reconstruction Period, Diary of - IX. Gideon Wells. Atlantic. Religion, The Cheapening of. James O. Fagan. Atlantic. Rembrandts, America's. Louis A. Holman. Century. Republican Control, Reasons for. James A. Tawney. Munsey. iblican Party Forward Movement. J. P. Dolliver. Outlook. ., Alfred P.: Painter and Sculptor. L. Honoré. Int. Studio. Bosevelt, A Cartoon Life of. Francis E. Leupp. Rev. of Revs. Roosevelt in Africa. George Bird Grinnell. Review of Reviews. Roosevelt's Western Tour. Edward A. Halsey. World To-day. Russian Laws, Courts, and Prisons. George Kendan. Century. Scottish Burgh, A Royal. E. Charlton Fortune. Harper'. Shakspere Quartos, False Dates on. W. I. Neidig. Century. Sky, A Fall from the. Augustus Post. Century. Smith, Goldwin, Reminiscences of - II. McClure. Smoke Nuisance, Business Man and the. World To-day. Soil, The, as a Battle-Ground. A. D. Hall. Harper. South Kensington, 1910 National Competition at. Int. Studio. Suffragists, Militant. Martyn Johnson. World To-day. Sunday in a Great City. John A. Ford. World To-day. Tariff Mysteries and Cruelties. Ida M. Tarbell. American. Telescope, Making of a Great. George W. Ritchey. Harper. Tennyson, Romanticism in. William E. Smyser. No. Amer, Theater, A Talk about the. Forbes-Robertson. Outlook. Theatrical Syndicate, Rise and Fall of. W. P. Eaton. American. Town, My Little. Winifred Kirkland. Atlantic. “Uncle Sam "in Cartoon. Mary Swing Ricker. World To-day. Valley, The Beneficent. Grace Herlihy. Atlantic. Velasquez, A Portrait by. W. Stanton Howard. Harper. Webster, Timothy: Spy. William Gilmore Beymer. Harper. Weights and Measures, Honest. F. E. Leupp. Scribner. Wells, William: A Glasgow Painter. J. Taylor. Int. Studio. West, Evolution of the. 0. L. Dickeson. World To-day. Women's Clubs, Federation of. Hildegarde Hawthorne. Century. Women of To-morrow, The - III. William Hard. Everybody's. Working-Girls' Budgets. Sue A. Clarke and E. Wyatt. McClure. Africa, Lassoing Wild Animals in. Guy H. Scull. Everybody's. African, The Real. Herbert Ward. Scribner, American Trade, Changing Position of. T. A. Thacher. No. Am. Author's Purpose, The. Frederic Taber Cooper. Bookman. Aviation in Dreams. Havelock Ellis. Allantic. Barnyard Chef d'Oeuvre, A. Edward C. Marsb. Bookman. Beggars, Some Old-Time. Hamilton W. Mabie, Outlook. Beveridge, Senator Albert J. Lucius Swift. Rev. of Reviews. Bible in Literature, Influence of. Henry van Dyke. Century. Bible Translation, Difficulties in. A. F. Chamberlain. Harper. Bird Men, The. Isaao F. Marcosson. Munsey. Book, World's Most Beautiful. Mary D. Hoffman. Scribner. "Broadway Life." Novels of. James Churchill. Bookman. Brussels Exhibition, The. Fernand Khnopff. Int. Studio. Business, Organized. Lincoln Steffens. Everybody's. Butler, Samuel. Cleveland Palmer. Bookman. California, A New. A. J. Wells. World To-day. California, The King's Highway of. E. C. Pe otto. Scribner. Canada, Reciprocity with. Henry M. Whitney. Atlantic. Carmen," The Story of. Isabel Floyd-Jones. Bookman. Carolina Garden, An Old-Time, Frances Duncan. Century. Carson, Kit, Last of the Trail-Makers. C. M. Harvey. Century. 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King. Munsey. France, Taking the Cure in. Louise Closser Hale. Harper. German Social Democracy, The. John W. Perrin. No. Amer. Getting Back to Work. Minna Thomas Antrim. Lippincott. Goll, the Game of Courtesy. Walter Camp. Century. Heroine, The, and Her Clothes. Edna Kenton. Bookman. History, Detachment and the Writing of. Carl Becker. Atlantic. Hollow-Tile Construction for Country Houses. Int. Studio, Hospital Abuses. Norman Barnesby, Forum. Howells, Mr., A Suppressed Novel by. Bookman. Ideal, Back to the. Martha Pickens Halsey. World To-day. Income. Your. Charles Blair MacDonald. North American. Indian Land Troubles. F. E. Leupp. Rev. of Reviews. Indian Pictures, Night Effects in. Int. Studio. Indian, Playing. M'Cready Sykes. Everybody's. Ireland What She Wants. John E. Redmond. Everybody's. Irish Outlook, The New. James Boyle. Forum. Irving-Payne Correspondence. The-1. Scribner. James, William. Edwin Björkman. Rev. of Reviews. Japanese Ceramic Artists. H. Shugio. Int. Studio. 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New York's Transportation. L. E. Van Norman. Rev. of Reus Nietzsche and Morals. Mrs. Havelock Ellis. Forum. Nightingale, Florence. Leon Addison Harvey. Outlook. Nobility, A Patent of. Ada Cambridge. Atlantic. Opposition, The Philosophy of. John Grier Hibben. Atlantic, LIST OF NEW BOOKS. [The following list, containing 136 titles, includes books received by The Dial since its issue of Sept. 1.] BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES. John Brown, 1800-1869: A Biography Fifty Years A er. By Oswald Garrison Villard, A.M. Illustrated in photograv- ure, etc., large 8vo, 738 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $5. A Japanese Artist in London. By Yoshio Markinn; illus- trated in color by the author. Large 8vo, 222 pages. George W. Jacobs & Co. $2. net. Seven Great Statesmen, in the Warfare of Humanity with Unreason. By Andrew Dickson White. Large 8vo, 552 pages. Century Co. $2.50 net. Louise Chandler Moulton, Poet and Friend. By Lilian Whiting. Illustrated, 8vo, 294 pages. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.50 net. 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McClurg & Co. $1.50. 1910.] 249 THE DIAL Preparing for Early Publication The SECOND PART of the COMPLETE INDEX to LITTELL'S LIVING AGE Comprising contents of 127 volumes, 101 to 227, and so closing the century. For terms, etc., write to EDWARD ROTH, 1135 PINE STREET, PHILADELPHIA CHAS. J. SAWYER, Ltd. Ancient and Modern Book Sellers 23 New Oxford Street, London We issue regularly catalogues of Rare and Important items, finely bound and standard books, Autographs and Original Drawings, and are always pleased to receive the names of col- lectors and others who would like to have copies forwarded gratis and post free. Lists of Special Wants Receive Prompt Attention ABRAHAM LINCOLN Autograph Letters PURCHASED BY ERNEST DRESSEL NORTH, 4 E. 39th St., New York HISTORY. The Diary of James K. Polk. Edited by Milo Milton Quaife. In 3 volumes, with photogravure frontispieces, large 8vo. A. C. McClurg & Co. $15.net. The French Revolution: A Political History, 1789-1804. By A. 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LIBRARY DEPARTMENT Subscriptio received before January, 1911, will include the October, 1910, issue FREE THE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING COMPANY Publishers and Importers of Standard Works on Science, Philosophy, and the History of Religion, Ancient and Modern. SEND FOR COMPLETE CATALOGUE 378 Wabash Avenue Chicago, III. A.C. MCCLURG & Co. CHICAGO THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. PAGE . . THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of DOING SOMETHING FOR THE DRAMA. each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2. a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States, and Mexico; Foreign and Canadian That the drama (in this country) needs to postage 50 cents per year extra. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY. have something done for it is an opinion wide- Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub spread among thinking people. That its pres- scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription ent state is parlous is a fact too obvious to is desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. Al com munications should be addressed to need any detailed demonstration. Its diseased THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. condition is marked (among other things) by No. 584. OCTOBER 16, 1910. Vol. XLIX. anæmia, high temperature, congestion, impeded circulation (of ideas), flatulency, and dyspepsia, CONTENTS. to say nothing of malignant growths in the vital parts. This congeries of ailments may make DOING SOMETHING FOR THE DRAMA . 269 the physician smile, but the elasticity of meta- CHATEAUBRIAND IN ENGLAND. Warren Barton phor suffices to justify every one of the elements Blake 271 of this complicated diagnosis. One might even CASUAL COMMENT 275 particularize by saying that the sex drama is A simple test of wit and humor. — The new Oxford movement. – A question of briskness in book circu- neurotic, the sociological drama atrabilious, lation. - The Japanese conception of poetry. - The and comedy (especially musical comedy) afflicted close of a forty-years library record. — Glimpses of greatness.-A maker of military novels.- The trav- with locomotor ataxia. The remedies suggested elling library at the county fair. — The recent passing are as various as the diseases, but the public of an old-time publisher.-Aeronautical effects in lit- erature.-A splendid tribute to John Hay's memory. lacks either the courage to apply them, or the means to make them effective. We seem to COMMUNICATIONS 277 Macaulay and the Writing of History, J. W. T. need both a self-denying ordinance and a The Journalized Short-Story: A Magazine Editor's practicable plan for constructive work; thus far View. J. Berg Esenwein. Imagination and the Modern Short-Story. Charles neither need is fairly on the way toward being Leonard Moore. satisfied. A Great French Librarian. Aksel G. S. Josephson. The craving which makes men yield to their Biography and Spelling Reform. Brander Mat- thews. desire for unwholesome food and deleterious TO THE POLE WITH COMMANDER PEARY. drink is much like the craving which makes Percy F. Bicknell . 280 them the supporters of imbecile or mischievous THE LAW AND GOSPEL OF ART. Frederick W. stage-productions. They know that these things Gookin . 281 are harmful in the end, but they know also that BY AND ABOUT MR. SHAW. Edith Kellogg Dunton 283 they are just what will satisfy the immediate GROVE'S DICTIONARY COMPLETED. George P. appetite. It takes a pretty serious danger Upton 284 signal to make the glutton or the drunkard AN AMERICAN SERIES OF GENERAL HIS pull up, and it takes an uncommon degree of TORY. Ephraim D. Adams 285 resolution to impel the debauched theatre-goer RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne 286 to mend his ways. In both cases also there is, De Morgan's An Affair of Dishonor. - Hewlett's besides the element of personal responsibility, Rest Harrow.- Hay's A Man's Man.-Miss Sinclair's The Creators.--Miss Gerard's The Golden Centipede. an element of social responsibility that has even – Miss Wylie's The Native Born.-Chambers's Ailsa less chance of being properly heeded. The Paige.- Phillips's The Husband's Story. appetite grows by what it feeds on, no less in BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 289 the moral than in the The Glimpses of a grand-niece of Coleridge. — Evolution and the Irish. - Incidents of antiquarian research.- allurement of cakes and ale is not noticeably Practical work in humane education.--New glimpses lessened by the presence of the virtuous ab- of a charming personality.- Familiar letters of 18th century celebrities. — Up and down the river Avon. stainer, and his attitude seems more of a matter -Two successful English dramas.—The story of an for jest than for profitable example. epoch-making invention. If the self-denying ordinance is too drastic a BRIEFER MENTION way of reforming our weak human nature NOTES. 293 (dramatically speaking), there is at least a con- LIST OF NEW BOOKS 294 siderable measure of hope in the constructive gross material sense. 292 . 270 (Oct. 16, THE DIAL plan. There is surely a fringe of play-goers you the conviction that nothing but the best will last. who might be lured from the altars of their When I began my management twenty-five years ago, false gods if temples of a purer worship were to announce an artistic performance in my town was like putting up a sign for people to keep away. Now my provided for them. All play-goers are not chief perplexity is that I cannot get performances that wedded unto their present idols, and many of are good enough for those who have been with me them are restive under their bondage. It is through these years.” the salvation of this fringe that should be the So much for the method of creating a place immediate object of workers in the interests of of repair, and attracting the public to it by a better drama, and it constitutes a more numer- degrees. The other constructive method is that ous body than most people suspect. When it of building up the right kind of audience for has become detached from the following of the serious dramatic performances, thus creating a vulgar commercialized theatre, there will be demand so pronounced that the managers most another fringe just inside it made ready for hardened in the old commercial ways will re- further missionary enterprise, and thus the spond to it. Work in this direction is being good work may go on indefinitely. Festina silently fostered all over the country by lecture- lente must be the motto of all such efforts for courses and study-classes and university instruc- dramatic regeneration, and it is not reasonable tion. It is being helped on by every dramatic to expect that the syndicate will find its occupa reviewer who has a free hand and puts conscience tion gone for a long time to come, but it is into his writing. It is encouraged by every pub- already attentive to certain ominous notes of lisher who ventures to print plays in the form warning that have been heard of late. of books. It is the avowed aim of the Drama The constructive problem (which is essentially League of America, organized this year for the a problem of education) may be attacked in two express purpose of organizing the theatre-going ways. The first of these, and the most obvious, public in the interest of plays that are worth is that of providing good theatres, animated by while. while. There is much evidence that the public a higher purpose than that of money-getting, is ready to be thus organized, and upon this and letting the leaven of their influence work point we may quote from an article in the silently upon the public. If public support of London “ Nation ” written in advocacy of an the stage is a policy too alien to the spirit of our Ibsen season. institutions to be hoped for, there is still the “Nothing really stands in the way save the contem- porary passion for pageantry. Ibsen's middle-class in- possibility of private support, in the form of teriors, his rigid adherence to the unities, his refusal to guaranty or endowment, which may easily match court variety by so much as a needless change of scene the achievements of the European subsidized from one room to another, his choice of characters whom playhouse. We have urged this sort of enter it would be a desecration to set forth with showy clothes prise in and out of season, and our faith in its or dashing manners - these are probably still the chief drawbacks to his popularity. But we are nearing a phase potentiality for good has within a year received of civilisation in which there is a public for the actor and notable confirmation in the deserved success of actress who represent. A debased stage asks only for the New Theatre. We have also applauded the violent passions exhibited with a certain virtuosity. An worthy aims which have characterized Mr. actress must be able to play an hysterical movement as Donald Robertson in his interesting experiments a violinist must play his cadenza. Or, if it escapes that worse phase of vulgarity, its aim is to display a charm- of the last three years. Moreover, there is a ing woman or a gallant man.” sign of promise wherever a good stock company The League of which mention has just been is brought together, or wherever an individual made came into existence as a woman's club manager sets resolutely to work in raising the movement, and was launched last April at a standard of taste in his community, Mr. J. E. meeting of delegates from no less than sixty- Williams, of Streator, Illinois, is such a manager, three such clubs in and about Chicago. Its and bears witness to his faith in these striking declared aims are - to co-ordinate the work of terms: all associations and individuals already inter- “I give it as the testimony of twenty-five years of ested in educating the public to appreciate and theatre management that nothing permanently pays except the building up of a sound and healthy taste in demand the best drama,” and “ to awaken the the patrons of a theatre. The flashy and trashy shows' public to the importance of the theatre as a that merely entertain leave no after draft; they only social force and to its great educative value, if exhaust and dissipate, create satiety and surfeit, and a maintained on the high level of art and morals.” craving for more and more spice, sensation, and vacu- Its most important work is to be done by the ous excitement. The drama of merit alone creates a desire for more and better drama, and out of my twenty- simple process of singling out the most praise- five years of experience with one constituency I bring worthy plays visible at a given time, and urging 1910.] 271 THE DIAL its members to see them. The recommendations CHATEAUBRIAND IN ENGLAND. RIAND take the form of bulletins sent to its members I. as promptly as possible after a first performance, A good while ago, one of the many writers about which means, for example, that in the present Chateaubriand, M. Victor Giraud, observed that month, something like ten thousand members of there remained an interesting chapter in literary women's clubs in this city and its suburbs are history to be written on the English origins of being directly urged to see Mrs. Fiske in Chateaubriand's thought. “Let us not forget,” he “ Becky Sharp” and “ The Pillars of Society said, “that it was in England that Chateaubriand “ Hannele.” Since the predisposition to remained for seven years; there that his religious take such advice already exists, it ought to be crisis occured.” At one time it seemed probable fairly evident to the most obtuse of managers that the great romanticist would have an English biographer in the Rev. John Mitford, who would that here is a force to be reckoned with, and certainly not have failed to trace the English influ- that support of this kind is worth making some ence upon him; but that book seems never to have effort to gain. been written. Nor need we any longer greatly Such a plan of organizing, by no means the deplore the circumstance; for a French writer well whole public, but a considerable section of it, known to American readers, M. Anatole Le Braz, in the interest of a high theatrical ideal, cer has, in a charming style that is neither trivial nor tainly seems feasible, and we can see how there too erudite, inscribed this “ interesting chapter.” * may be created by its agency “ a body which M. Le Braz justly complains that most of the critics shall faithfully support all plays receiving the and biographers who have occupied themselves with League's stamp of approval — a body which his hero have not kept the fact well before them that from 1793 to 1800, at the very turning-point shall consider itself pledged to ignore all plays of his career, Chateaubriand lived either in London deliberately catering to indecencies or that are or in the environs of London, without revisiting of no literary or structural value.” There are France. In determining the dates of that long doubtless pitfalls in the path of such a move sojourn, little heed is to be paid to Chateaubriand's ment, and the chief of these dangers is that the own statements : as Professor Dick has it, the author standards adopted may become too feminized or of Mémoires d'Outre-tombe” savait apprécier le too finical. There must be a good deal of vague des dates non moins que le vague des tolerance, of a kind, in such a propoganda — passions. † It is very certain that, if “the American not the tolerance which makes concessions to forest may be said to dominate the writer's works,"I showiness or vulgarity, but that which does not the years passed in England were fully as rich in balk at virility or the freest forms of portrayal meaning as the months spent on our own side of the Atlantic. of life, provided only they be sincere. The pres- It was, indeed, in the library of the Rev. John sure of public taste has shaped the American Ives, at Bungay, in Suffolk, that Chateaubriand novel into a shape so flabby, and given it a con received many of those impressions which he worked tent so devoid of vitality, that it offers a hor up” later, in the sonorous prose of the “Natchez,” rible example of what fiction ought not to be. the "Mémoires," and the “Voyage en Amérique.” The pressure to be applied to the American For the Rev. Ives was not merely a Hellenist and play must be of a very different nature, if our a mathematician, an excellent father and a genial last case is to be any better than our first. The host, a man of the cloth and a famous bottle com- aim must be nothing less than truth, coupled panion, — he was also a former missionary to the with entire freedom of expression; otherwise Americans. Like René, the good clergy man had the effort will be futile, and the outcome not feasted his eyes upon the grandest spectacles of the New World. worth striving for. We must, for a long time “He had penetrated the savanas; he had descended the to come, go to the schools of the Continent for rivers in his canoe; he had lived in wigwams and had our instruction, slowly and painfully learning smoked the calumet; he had practised at length the wild life of which the author of the Natchez,' (partially blocked from them the lesson that life itself, and not out at this epoch), proposed to write the epic. His was, the trappings of life, is what the stage should in fine, the prowess that the cadet of Brittany had realised exhibit. only in his dreams.” As John Ives's guest, then, did Chateaubriand first make a close study of the narratives of Carver DR. FRIDTJOF NANSEN has completed a large work *“Au Pays d'Exil de Chateaubriand,” par Anatole Le on the exploration of the Northern and Arctic regions Braz. Paris : H. Champion, 1909. from the earliest times. He describes the various ex + "Revue d'Histoire Littéraire de France," Janvier-mars, peditions, and traces the growth of the geographical 1908; article of E. Dick: “Le Séjour de Chateaubriand en Suffolk." ideas they suggested. The book, which will be illus- trated, will be published in several languages. {"Atlantic Monthly,” April, 1908 ; article of W. B. Blake: "Chateaubriand in America." 272 [Oct. 16, THE DIAL and Bartram; perhaps, too, of Raynal and Charle briand been “romanticising” this part of his own voix and the rest. And yet it is surely too much life, he would have made the amount smaller by at to say, as does the latest writer on Chateaubriand, least one-half. And yet, on occasion, the writer did Mr. Francis Gribble, that everything in the French unmistakably "touch up" the record of his English romanticist's writings about America belongs to exile. Story-tellers by profession seem almost always Bartram,—“nothing to Chateaubriand — nothing, to forget that the plain truth is as romantic as their that is, except the flowing periods.”* What should fairest and remotest fancies. But Chateaubriand at least be evident to the most casual follower of had always too high a regard for appearances ; Chateaubriand's 's career is that the chapters “Amer. and, besides, he had more preoccupations than ica” and “England” are associated in more than that of the writer who seeks only to interest temporal sequence. his public. Most of all he sought to prove René II. unique, as different from other men as Rousseau Chateaubriand's return from the Western World himself, and no less different from Rousseau. is an old story. In a cabin somewhere in the Blue England teemed, in post-revolutionary times, with Mountains, an English newspaper fell into his hands. French gentlemen reduced to giving language les- Its edges were frayed, but its contents were far from sons; most of them, according to Chateaubriand stale reading for the wanderer. By the candle of a himself, were thoroughly incompetent. And did he Pennsylvania mountaineer, the traveller read of the not write in the “ Essai sur les Révolutions,” in the French King's flight, and of his arrest at Varennes. chapter, “ Aux Infortunés,” that he who is of high In spite of all his vagaries and contradictions, rank (d'un ordre supérieur) must regard as the Chateaubriand was ever loyal to his order, to his greatest of all possible misfortunes to be obliged to King, and to France : it was in the nature of things renounce the free exercise of his faculties (de that he should return to Europe, to serve in the renoncer aux facultés de son âme) and to pass his ranks of the émigrés. He suffered as well as served, days in teaching his neighbor's stupid children their as it fell out. It was his fate to be left for dead on a, b, c's (à faire des mots aux stupides enfants the battlefield, and to pass through many another de son voisin)? “Such a man would sooner die of adventure before, ragged and broken in health, he hunger than procure, at such a price, the necessaries made his way to England, — the haven of the of life.” Holding these views, it is small wonder ci-devants. Meantime, René had made a marriage that René concealed the true nature of his occupa- of convenience; his bride was one Mlle. de Lavigne, tion during the years of his obscurity. an heiress. Let us try to remember the existence Let us not, however, dwell upon the bad taste of of Mme. de Chateaubriand a grain more faithfully that concealment. It must have seemed to him a than did her unfortunate husband. Unfortunate he too banal matter, his going down from London to surely was, one may glance, in passing, at the take a place in Mr. Brightley's private school at picture which he has left of the life he led in his Becles, in sleepy old Suffolk: a county that was to lodgings in Holborn: remind him almost startlingly of his own Brittany. “I was devoured with hunger; I burned with fever; He spins, then, a yarn about a society of Suffolk sleep had deserted me; I sucked pieces of linen which I gentlemen, headed by the Rev. “B. S.” (Bence had soaked in water; I chewed grass and paper. When Sparrow), who were engaged in antiquarian re- I passed the bakers' shops, the torment I endured was hor- rible ... I could have eaten not only the provisions, but search. These supposititious antiquarians engaged the boxes and baskets in which they were packed." Chateaubriand to decipher the thirteenth-century Even so, Chateaubriand's plight was no worse than manuscripts, composed in French, which formed many a compatriot's. There is no reason for one part of the collections. This, at least, is one of doubting his tale that he landed at Southampton the romances to be found in the “ Mémoires.” The with only thirty louis in his pocket. Had Chateau true story of Chateaubriand's stay at Becles is set down in the new book by M. Le Braz, and it is *“Chateaubriand and his Court of Women." By Francis Gribble. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1909. In the interesting enough to have engaged Chateaubriand earlier chapters of this interesting book Mr. Gribble is in himself. Here one may read (not for the first time) too great haste to get Chateaubriand out of America, out that Chateaubriand's incorrigible pupils called him of England, that he may ensconce him in his “Court of “ Monsieur Shatterbrain.” Other pupils were the Women." Mr. Gribble coolly denies (pp. 35-37) that Chateaubriand ever called upon George Washington, at ladies of the nearby country-seats, — all of them Philadelphia, -though telling evidence of that visit has been incontinent to have their French pronunciation found at the Congressional Library at Washington, and twice polished off by the well-born and handsome young laid before the reading public (“Publications of the Modern man who called himself in America, “M. de Language Association," June, 1907). Combourg." + There has very recently appeared (Paris : Emile-Paul) a volume, “ Les Cahiers de Madame de Chateaubriand Pub- The tale of his little flirtations at Becles is inno- liés Intégralement avec Introduction et Notes, par J. Ladreit cent enough. René was, however, more than a pro- de Lacharrière.” It is almost twenty years since M. Pailhès fessor of French conversation and French literature. discovered these memoirs, which remained in the hands of Chateaubriand's descendants; but even M. Pailhès never He posed, too, as an amateur disciple of Lavater. published them in their entirety. That act was left to M. The ladies at Bence Sparrow's rectory gave him de Lacharrière. The “Cahiers” make a readable supple unsigned specimens of their handwriting, and he ment to the “Mémoires d'Outre-tombe.” amused them with the characters he deduced. He 1910.] 273 THE DIAL generous hosts. - numbered the sheets of paper on which the samples terms of peculiar intimacy with this household. There of handwriting were offered him; he then drew was a triple bond between the young stranger and the pleasing portraits of the various numbers. Num bibulous parson : literature, port wine, and America. ber two was, he said, “a very pretty young woman. And the Vicar's family was in the goodness of its Something of the levity and the elegance of the heart disposed to shelter and repose the stranger Nymph. Witty; a lover of pleasure,- à sa mode; fallen on his seven lean years. Seated at the Vicar's sometimes capricious; a little peevish, even. Capable table, where there was always plenty, and never a of hate and of love. Generous and good. No great touch of ostentation, the exile found himself at home talker.” What woman would not be delighted to as nowhere else. Ensconced in the snug ingle- be found by so charming a French teacher and nook, he felt that true contentment which belongs graphologue, capable de haine et d'amour,— witty, to us only when we are sure of our welcome. He withal, and combining the levity and the elegance felt himself no longer "an object of curiosity.” At of the Nymph? his ease there, he was in a mood to be delighted by III. every action, every trait, every expression, of his Chateaubriand's traffic with the fair women of “ If I could have been told that I Suffolk was not confined to readings of their chiro was to spend all the rest of my days buried in the graphy. (His stay there had, too, its interludes of bosom of this retiring family, I should have died of botanising,—for, like Rousseau and Bernardin before pleasure,” he confessed in his “ Mémoires,” many him, he occupied himself with herborizing: “armed years after. The Vicar's daughter joined to the with his scissors, style, and glass.”) For, after charm of youth the quality of intelligence. “Like Becles, came Bungay: “twin-village” to Becles ; the Francesca and the Paolo of the Divine and at Bungay was enacted the comedy which is at Comedy' that they pored over, it was in bending once the most absorbing and the most serious of all their heads over the same book that they took pos- the English comedies in which Chateaubriand was session of one another's heart.” Sinful, all this, on a principal. It was at Bungay that John Ives the part of the Paolo — the Romeo -the René dwelled, — the clergyman already spoken of: he who had a wife in France (albeit a wife only in whose earlier parish had lain over-seas, the father name). Still, it is worth while to remember that of the Charlotte whom Chateaubriand immortalized Chateaubriand regarded himself at this period as a by loving; and Charlotte was, beyond a doubt, the doomed man. Had not Dr. Goodwyn, author of “Clarisse” of one of Chateaubriand's rare poems : the “Dissertatio Medica de morte Submersorum,” “Oui, je me plais, Clarisse à la saison tardive, in some sort abridged his responsibilities, in warning Image de cet âge où le temps m'a conduit; him that his life was to be a short one? But, what Du vent à tes foyers j'aime ta voix plaintive is most significant of all, René was René! Durant la longue nuit For these were the days when Chateaubriand was Chateaubriand was twenty-seven when he wrote his verses. Clarisse (Charlotte Ives, that is) was working at his American novels, and elaborating the histories of René and Céluta. Perhaps he was but fifteen,— “Juliet's age,” M. Le Braz reminds To the Juliet of the clergyman's daughter, hardly deceived in feeling that a curse lay uport him and on all he loved. Chateaubriand played Romeo. Those who know “ To love and to suffer was the double fatality that he the portraits of the Frenchman need not be told imposed upon whomsoever approached his person. Cast how well he looked the part. And doubtless he into the world like a great misfortune, his pernicious influ- acted it as well as if there were no Madame Romeo ence was communicated to those about him. It is thus that pining for him somewhere in Brittany. there are trees, beautiful to the eye, to breathe whose air or to enjoy whose shade is death."* IV. Chateaubriand was fully persuaded of this fatality; At Bungay, as at Becles, Chateaubriand sup- fully convinced that he exerted his baneful influ- ported himself by teaching his language to the ence, willy-nilly. Il y avoit dans René quelque Islanders. It was, doubtless, this occupation of his chose de dominateur, qui s'emparoit fortement de that brought him into intimate relations with the l'âme. It would seem that the obsession of self was Vicar's daughter; though long before the climac- so strong with René that he believed it to extend to teric winter of 1795–1796 he was, if believe all those in his circle: nor was he altogether wrong. his own story, hospitably received in the Vicar's And, just as his readings in the library of the re- home. “The young lady questioned me about France, about literature; and she asked me to indi- turned missionary may well have spurred him on to the production of his pseudo-scientific chapters, and cate a course of reading for her. She wished partic- furnished him with much of the material for his ularly to know the Italian authors, and begged me narratives of American travels, real and imagined, to give her sonce notes on the Divine Comedy' 80 would his relations with Charlotte seem to have and the Jerusalem.'” So the “ Mémoires." We have seen that at Becles Rectory Chateaubriand suggested more than one passage of those same travels and of his American novels. “In my opin- came to give lessons in French conversation and ion,” Professor Dick has written, “a great part of remained to demonstrate his proficiency in chiro- the idyll of Bungay passed over into the novel of graphy. At the Vicarage, he went a stage further. Everything conspired to establish the young man on *"Les Natchez," éd. Pourrat (1836), t. I, p. 208. . us. one may 274 (Oct. 16, THE DIAL * René,' the person of Chateaubriand adding itself “Sir,' she [Mrs. Ives] said in English, youbehold my to the person of Lucile, and confusing itself with confusion: I do not know if Charlotte pleases you, but .. her to form the strange personage of Amélie. my daughter has certainly conceived an attachment for you. Mr. Ives and I have consulted together: you suit us in Amélie, in so far as she is René's sister, is Lucile ; every respect. We believe you will make our daughter in so far as she is his sweetheart, she is Charlotte.” happy. You no longer possess a country . . . what is there And at the conclusion of his book on Chateaubriand to take you back to France ? Until you inherit what we in England, M. Le Braz expresses, quite without have, you will live with us.' “Of all the sorrows that I had undergone, this was the presumption, his hope sorest and the greatest. I threw myself at Mrs. Ives's feet; “to have established that Atala is Charlotte, and that ‘Les I covered her hands with my kisses and my tears. She Amours de deux Sauvages dans le Desert, if they had, per thought that I was weeping for joy, and ... stretched her haps, the original object of painting' the fraternal ardours arm out to pull the bell-rope; she called her husband and of Lucile and of François-René in the desert of Combourg, daughter. did not find their essential theme, and were not fixed in 'Stop!' I cried. 'I am a married man!” their definitive form till Love, Love without epithet, Love in the singular, had enriched the heart and the genius of Thackeray wrote, it will be remembered, Chactas, returned from America. It is Charlotte, again, “Now Charlotte was a married lady, who, in the 'Natchez,' appears to us with the features of And a moral man was Werther." Céluta — whose very name seems to have been formed from hers. It is she, finally, who, in her third and final incarna- In Chateaubriand's romantic case, the situation tion, is brought to life under Greek skies to follow Eudore was reversed. into the arena of the 'Martyrs.' Yes, the daughter of the VI. priest of Homer,' Cymodocée aux beaux bras, . . Cymodocée, A sordid ending for the tragi-comedy, an ending cet astre charmant, rose in the poet's imagination, not from the clear horizons of Hellenic Arcady, but from the con- not without grim humor. But let us proceed to the fused and vapoury' distance of Arcadian Bungay." anti-climax. Life is seldom without a variety of M. Le Braz is, like Chateaubriand, a Breton — like these. Let us, then, look in upon the wedding of him, a poet. Charlotte Ives, on the seventh of April, 1806, to V. Samuel Sutton, later Rear-Admiral. No, on second In following the fortunes of Charlotte Ives as a thought we will do well to absent ourselves. We literary inspiration, we must not altogether forget will not attend, either, the subsequent meetings the unlucky Charlotte of real experience. Chateau of Mrs. Sutton a widow with three sons - and briand never lost the memory of Charlotte's large her first lover: school-teacher no longer, but now dark eyes. Memory, indeed, was all that was left Ambassador of France. The romance is deflowered; to him after the dénouement of the little tragi- if it be true that George Crabbe, the Suffolk poet, comedy. A fall from a horse from his favorite had it in mind when he composed his poem of white pony, it may well be laid him up toward “ The Deserted Wife," that need not surprise us, the end of the winter of 1795–1796. An accident to what subject would n't Crabbe have used, had the your hero, a not too serious accident, is ever a finish- fancy possessed him?* But one does not care to ing touch to your romantic pieces. Il ne faut jurer | linger over this subject. Who would contribute to de rien ... And the young French teacher, suf those inky streams of sentimentality and pruriency fering from his unhorsing, was cared for at the poured out by latter-day writers about Chateau- Vicarage. By turns they nursed him, — the worthy briand? port-soaked clergyman, the gentle mother, and I have exceeded the limits of a review, yet started brown-eyed Charlotte, “who was an excellent music only to review the book with mention of which this ian.” The clergyman told all over again the tale paper was begun. For it is pleasant to see it de- of his American adventures. Mrs. Ives took the monstrated as demonstrated it is on every page place of the aged woman who was so soon, in dying, of M. Le Braz’s volume se personal to lead back into the fold this erring sheep (J'ai study of a very indiscreet man of genius may lead to pleuré, et j'ai cru). Charlotte Ives read to him something better than the accumulation of details, sang to him — listened to phrase-making out of the now scandalous, now simply trivial. The new con- “ Natchez.” It was as pretty a diversion on a tribution to our knowledge of the man and the penny whistle as anything in “Richard Feverel” craftsman during the most critical period of his – while it lasted. career does more than yield to future biographers Without being wealthy, the Vicar of St. Mar numerous interesting personalia. The reader of garet's was removed from want. Like his wife, too, M. Le Braz returns to the old-fashioned romances he seems to have been unworldly in his plans for of Chateaubriand --so vitally important in the his- his daughter. Her happiness came first: that much tory of nineteenth-century fiction, so eloquent and is certain. Nor did this couple forget (nor their *This little-known tale of Crabbe's remains in MS. See daughter, either) that the young Frenchman whom 'George Crabbe and his Times,” by René Huchon, trans- they befriended was, while a pedagogue by trade, lated by Frederick Clarke, M. A., London (Murray), 1907, a peer of France by birth. In fine, they were pp. 440; 515-516. See likewise “Au Pays d'Exil de resolved to make it a happy family-an eighteenth- Chateaubriand,” pp. 208 seq. The meeting between Chateau- briand as Ambassador and Mrs. (not “ Lady') Sutton seems century entente cordiale. Chateaubriand was on the to have taken place at London between April and September, point of going to London to read the proof of his 1822; it was the significant date of June 16, 1822, that the first book. Let us turn to the “ Mémoires": Rev. Crabbe set to the first page of his MS. poem. that a 1910.] 275 THE DIAL so vivid in themselves - with new zest and a of recommendations of its own. Between the two, quickened understanding. And whatever we may the Chancellor and the Council, many rumors have think of René, judged on his own confessions, one come into being concerning possible future technical can but be charitably disposed toward the deceiver and commercial courses to be offered at Oxford, and whose misadventures are traced for us with the deft-concerning the more than possible dropping of Greek ness of his most recent chronicler. It is a charm as a compulsory study. But we still hope that the ing excursion, - one's arm-chair journey “ Au Pays remorseless march of “progress,” industrial and d'Exil de Chateaubriand.” practical, impatient of tradition and abhorrent of WARREN BARTON BLAKE. sentiment, will spare for a few generations longer the venerable honors course in litterae humaniores that is thought to-day to have equipped for their CASUAL COMMENT. present high and influential positions many men prominent in both houses of Parliament, in the A SIMPLE TEST OF WIT AND HUMOR has been dis- civil service at home and abroad, and in journalism, covered by the Simplified Spelling Board. In the to say nothing of those more strictly devoted to current issue of the “Simplified Spelling Bulletin learning and literature. . London and Leeds and occurs an editorial entitled “ Their Penury of Wit,” Birmingham have schools and colleges for scientific which gives one to understand that advocacy of and technical and commercial studies; let Oxford simplified spelling argues a capacity for wit and and Cambridge preserve as long as possible the humor in the advocate, whereas opposition is indi- atmosphere and the traditions that are of so much cative of a lack thereof in the opponent; for “humor more value to the world than any "get-there-quick” implies a tolerance of mind, a sense of human limi- curriculum of bread-winning electives. tations, an absence of conceit, a kindly, genial atmosfere, in which understanding and good nature A QUESTION OF BRISKNESS IN BOOK CIRCULATION unite to keep the mind level and democratic, but is involved in the Grand Rapids Public Library's undeluded.” Therefore, “persons who commit themselvs to the wholly unintellectual idea that a report of book renewals for the past year. Only a common human invention and custom like English little more than three and one-half per cent of the books issued for home use were renewed at the end spelling, can not be, and ought not to be, improved of two weeks for a like period; and yet the librarian in any way, are by the very conditions of their ex- istence deprived of wit and humor.” Fortunately adds: “It is the unanimous opinion of the heads of the same editorial page contains by chance an ex- the departments that it would be advisable to abolish the renewing of books, and to issue all books, except ample of wit, or at least of sarcasm, as conceived by the genially tolerant simplified speller. Referring 7-day books, for a straight period of four weeks, to the summer session of the Iowa State Teachers without renewal.” Would not this considerably College, the good-natured, level-minded, and demo- increase the number of unsuccessful applications for desired works? The bulk of the books that circulate cratic writer says: “In the Bulletin giving the courses for the Summer Term of 1910 twelv pro- at all are drawn, at one time or another, by the fessors are enterd each as “hed of the department' “general reader,” as we like to call him ; and to in which he works, and one lady is described as lengthen the retention period would be to curtail the • hed critic' in the department of training and general usefulness of the books. Moreover, would teaching. Can such things be, and overcome us in it not also prove, in some degree, a discourager of the Summer Term, without our special wonder? diligence and an encourager of waste of time? With a month before one in which to read a book, the Can it be that these teachers use their heds learn chances are more than a few that it will not be even with their heds, criticize with their heds? What will become of a college where the teachers use their opened until the third week, and perhaps not opened heds even in spelling ?” We ourselves are “over- at all. Long ago the Boston Public Library abol- come," and shall henceforth rarely attempt to be ished renewals altogether, making two weeks the facetious at the expense of simplified spelling. inexorable limit, with results apparently not un- satisfactory. THE NEW OXFORD MOVEMENT, as it may prove THE JAPANESE CONCEPTION OF POETRY, worthy of being called, under its present masterful expressed by Baron Takasaki, who for twenty-five Chancellor, Lord Curzon of Kedleston, promises to years has held the high position of chief of the put fresh life into that ancient seat of learning, to poetry office, or, as we should say, poet laureate, do away with some of the time-honored absurdities | merits attention. He says: “ Uta, or poetry, is in its administration, and to bring it more closely nothing but the human heart; poetry is born with in touch with the outside world. The Chancellor's man, the Japanese uta with the Japanese and Japan. “Principles and Methods of University Reform,” There is nothing more absurd than to try to learn issued seven or eight months ago, has been followed, how to write poetry; we have only to make our after thorough study of the subject on the part of own soul nobler and truer, and that is poetry. To the Hebdomadal Council, the supreme governing give it a voice seems to me a secondary sort of body of the University, by a hundred-page volume thing; if we have our own voice, we should sing, as 276 (Oct. 16, THE DIAL as simply and truly as the bird or the wind. .. ness. To have seen Schiller and Goethe plain, and Poetry is not an art: I protest against its becoming to be privileged to speak to them, if only as a waiter, artificial. Poetry is not to be made, but sung. and to have them speak to you again, or even do Poetry is nothing but the true heart.” The short nothing more than graciously nod in reply and per- poem of thirty-one syllables, so common in Japanese haps bestow a modest trinkgeld, must be almost the literature, has a simplicity and spontaneity in accord pinnacle of bliss. And it is something to have seen with this definition of poetry, and seems to be writ the man (and that man Carlyle) who saw Goethe ten, or uttered, by persons in all walks of life, as and Schiller. In fact, some might rate Mr. Huef- the natural and inevitable mode of expressing a fer's good luck as the greater. striking or beautiful thought. The Mikado himself is said to be a skilled maker of these bits of verse, A MAKER OF MILITARY NOVELS that have a con- some thousands of which are now credited to him. tinent-wide if not a world-wide popularity relates But Baron Takasaki's definition of poetry as “noth some passages of personal history, under the title ing but the true heart” is, with all its fine sugges Thirty Years of Pencraft,” in the current “Lip- tiveness, rather too vague to be useful. pincott's Magazine.” “ The few months spent in 61 in front of Washington,” says the writer, whom THE CLOSE OF A FORTY-YEARS LIBRARY RECORD it is almost superfluous to name as Captain Charles came with the recent death of James L. Whitney, King, "with my father's brigade, had filled my who for almost forty-one years had been connected heart with enthusiasm for the volunteers, especially with the Boston Public Library, and had held the the men of Wisconsin, Massachusetts and Vermont, office of librarian for four years, from 1899 to 1903. with whom we were associated. Even to enter West A college graduate (Yale '56) and throughout his Point, it was hard to leave them.” In its author's long life a close student and something of a writer opinion, “Between he Lines” contains some of his and editor, he trained himself for librarianship, so very best and strongest writing, notably " the de- far as he had any training, in the book business, scription of the great cavalry fight on the right flank being for years one of the proprietors of the Old the third day of Gettysburg.” As so often happens Corner Bookstore in Springfield, Mass. Entering when a romancer introduces a bit of veritable real- the service of the Boston library in 1869, he con ity into his story, this stirring scene was pronoun- cerned himself especially with the perfecting of its ced by at least one prominent critic "a mythical catalogues and with the study and arrangement of combat,” and it was the consequent dispute upon its manuscripts. His catalogue of the Ticknor lib- this point that sent the sales of the book so quickly rary of Spanish works is widely known and is highly into the thousands. valued for its scholarly excellence. The only survivor of the seven more or less remarkable brothers and THE TRAVELLING LIBRARY AT THE COUNTY FAIR sisters of whom James Lyman was one of the most now vies, in Vermont and Minnesota, with pigs, gifted is now Mr. Henry M. Whitney, librarian of pumpkins, and pink lemonade (and several other the Blackstone Memorial Library at Branford, things) in courting the attention of the rural public. Connecticut. Josiah Dwight Whitney, the geologist, At White River Junction, Morrisville, and Ludlow, and William Dwight Whitney, the philologist, were in Vermont, and at Waseca, Worthington, Mankato, of this famous family, the father being Josiah Austin, and elsewhere in Minnesota, travelling Dwight Whitney of Northampton. libraries, especially selected for the entertainment and the instruction of farmers and their families, GLIMPSES OF GREATNESS, in the flesh, living and formed a part of this autumn's attractions at the moving before us, we are nearly all ready to scramble annual “cattle show," as it is still generally called for and, if necessary, to suffer considerable crushing in rural New England. The Minnesota plan was to and bruising for the sake of obtaining. Can one exhibit at each fair two twenty-five-volume libraries, imagine anything more enviable than to find oneself one of practically useful agricultural works, and the in the position described by Mr. Ford Madox Hueffer other of miscellaneous and entertaining literature. in the October “Harper's Magazine”? It was once Vermont added a pictorial section to its libraries, his fortune — doubtless his too-little-appreciated which were of three kinds,-study-club libraries, fortune—as a boy to have Carlyle describe to him, school libraries, and general libraries. at his grandfather's request, the occasion on which he, Carlyle, had gained a near and leisurely view of THE RECENT AN OLD-TIME PUB- Schiller and Goethe drinking coffee together, under LISHER, Joseph Abner Harper, calls to mind the a May tree in bloom, in a garden restaurant at founding of the house of Harper nearly a century Weimar. By the judicious bestowal of a thaler ago, or ninety-three years, more exactly. The upon a waiter he had obtained the privilege of don deceased was the son of Colonel John Harper, one ning the servant's white apron and ministering to of the four brothers who laid the foundations of the the wants of those two famous men as they sat, in present great establishment in Franklin Square. court dress, with wigs and swords, at a damask- Entering the house in 1852, he maintained his covered table. To have seen Shelley plain has, we active and useful connection with it for thirty-five know, been accounted a scarcely believable happi- | years, devoting his energies especially to the educa- PASSING OF 1910.] 277 THE DIAL Again, the point of view of historical writing has tional publications of the firm. Those of middle age The intense specialization of research to-day has un- can recall the Harper imprint on many a school-book doubtedly resulted in the production of much dry read- thumbed by them (not infrequenlty with tears and ing material; and the disposition of the universities to groans) in the never-appreciated halcyon days of print every doctor's dissertation is burdening library childhood. But the advent of the specialist in text- book shelves with many works which are of value book manufacture brought to a close, for the time chiefly as evidence of their authors' elementary training in the science of historical research, rather than as being at least, the Harpers' activities in this depart- original contributions to historical knowledge. ment of their business, and Joseph Abner Harper The weak point in your correspondent's communica- retired to a quiet life. The death of this repre tion is not what he asserts, but what he omits. In the sentative of an older order and more primitive first place, Macaulay was a great literary artist, and an methods in the publishing world is regretted even artist is the favored child of genius. There are few by those who were unacquainted with him. like unto him in many generations. Greece had but one Thucydides, Rome but one Tacitus, England has AERONAUTICAL EFFECTS IN LITERATURE may had but one Macaulay. The criticisms of Mr. Hutson now be watched for with increasing chances of suc- lie at the threshold of the generation of the middle of cess in the quest. Several years ago Professor the nineteenth century quite as much as at the feet of historical writers to-day. What of Macaulay's contem- Simon Newcomb gave us his ingenious and fascinat- ing study in aëronautical fiction, “His Wisdom the poraries? Grote was a great and conscientious scholar, but his style is dull and pedestrian when compared with Defender,” and Mr. H. G. Wells has also distin- the vivid and vigorous style of Macaulay. What of guished himself in this field. What the automobile the overladen, turgid rhetoric of Sir Francis Palgrave? has been to the popular and prolific Mr. and Mrs. And the labored rhetorical form of Merivale? Is Williamson, and to countless other story-writers of Hallam brilliant or solid ? the past decade, the airship is likely to be to the fiction-maker of the near future. And, by the way, changed since Macaulay's time. The thoughts of men have widened with the process of the suns. With the considering the matter of aëronautics in its larger relations, we are reminded of Sir Hiram Maxim's exception of Macaulay's brilliant third chapter, upon prediction in his introduction to Mr. R. P. Hearne's the condition of England in 1685, his history is purely lately-published " Airships in Peace and War." He political history. Now perhaps the most striking char- acteristic of historiography since Macaulay died in believes that what electricity was to the last century 1859 is the fact that the bearing of economic and social in its marvellous progress, aèrial navigation will be phenomena upon history has been so largely recognized. to the present century. The economic and social interpretation of history suc- ceeded the political interpretation of history during the A SPLENDID TRIBUTE TO John Hay's MEMORY last half of the nineteenth century. The point of view, has been offered by those friends of Brown Univer as well as the things seen from it, have changed, and it sity to whose generosity it is indebted for the John was inevitable that the change should revolutionize the Hay Memorial Library, just completed but not to method and form of historical composition. Since be dedicated until Nov. 11. The city of Providence Darwin, it has not been possible to write history as is now probably better equipped with library facili- Macaulay and Michelet wrote it. Despite Mr. Hutson's ties than any other place of its size, and President strictures, the small obscure investigator of local history Faunce, in his address to the students at the opening and of the fine points of history has his uses. Darwin's of this college year, did well to emphasize the fact famous work upon “ The Origin of Vegetable Mould” and to urge upon them the desirability of right economy of nature. So, too, the patient historical proved the wonderful importance of earthworms in the habits of reading. They were exhorted to read for investigator of small things has his part in the larger pleasure and to read for power. “Read some book economy of historical writing. The day has gone by for no earthly reason except that you want to,” said of purely political or dynastic or military history. The he; " and the man who does not want to read at ideal history would be the history of all the activities all — may the Lord have mercy on his mind!” of an entire nation or people within a given period or country. Economic and social history is the response to this demand, and the end is not yet. Signs are not wanting that we are upon the verge of a psychological COMMUNICATIONS. interpretation of history. The present vogue of Ferrero is largely due to this element in his Roman history. The MACAULAY AND THE WRITING OF HISTORY. late Professor William James's “ Varieties of Relig- (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) ious Experience” has already exerted an influence upon The communication in your issue of October 1, | French and German historical investigation. It is cer- regarding the present-day writing of history, in which tain that an immense field of research along psycho- the writer holds a strong brief for Macaulay as against | logical lines is open before the student of history in the the modern historian, has much of truth in it so far as future. It is to the young historian that this work must it goes. The charm and effectiveness of Macaulay's fall. How far the trained historian of the present can style are universally admitted. It is true that under go astray in historical interpretation is shown by the the sway of Darwin and his followers, there were some late Father Denifle's failure to write the history of historical writers who once believed that history could German mysticism in the sixteenth century. His be made a science. But there is a difference between “Luther und Luthertum in der Ersten Entwicklung," history as a science and scientific methods in history. I though written by a highly-trained bistorian, has serious 278 (Oct. 16, THE DIAL shortcomings, not so much because the author was a Even when we pass to Germany, proverbially the Catholic but because of his lack of psychological insight. home of dry-as-dust historical prose, the writing of vivid In the sphere of mediæval history in particular, the and powerful history has its example. Ranke's prose psychological interpretation of history will find a great is classic. Treitschke's Deutsche Geschichte is almost as field of activity. We yet know very imperfectly the brilliant and quite as partisan as Macaulay's History of history of Europe from the fifth to the eleventh cen England. The limpidity of Giesebrecht's Kaiserzeit is turies so far as the great mass of the people is concerned. equalled by the thoroughness of his scholarship. The Lives of the Saints must furnish us information as To sum up. English poetry has had but one Shake- to how the minores and minocres of the barbaric codes speare; English prose has had but one Macaulay. An and the millions in serfdom looked at life in these great art like unto theirs was a gift of the gods. But is there centuries of transition. not as great a charm -- in some sense a greater charm - Mr. Hutson seems to think that Macaulay has been in that conscientious endeavor minutely to present his- cast down from his high eminence. I think it may be torical truth without fear and without reproach, which safely said that this is not so, and that he still retains is, as Conlanges finely said, the chastity of history? the homage of the historical world. Freeman admired The spirit of historical research was never broader or him greatly and endeavored to form his style after that deeper than now, and that spirit is the spirit of truth. of Macaulay, and Mr. James Ford Rhodes, in his recent “Human affairs,” said Richter, “are neither to be volume of Historical Essays, has most interestingly re laughed at nor wept over, but to be understood.” And counted his attempts to form his style of composition to the truth of that utterance a host of historical scholars particularly after that of Macaulay. to-day are testifying, both in Europe and America. It comes back to what was said in the beginning. J. W. T. Macaulay was born with the gift of consummate literary Chicago, Oct. 10, 1910. expression, even as the poet is born with high qualities of imagination and an exquisite sense of rhythm. The breed of modern historical writers has not degenerated THE JOURNALIZED SHORT-STORY: A MAGAZINE (to go no further than the English-speaking world) in EDITOR'S VIEW. the persons of Lecky and Creighton and Hodgkin and (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) Maitland and Parkman and Mr. Rhodes. If we pass I am not pessimistic regarding the present state of to France we are on even firmer footing. United with the short-story in America. It seems to me that it is an inherited grace of style, modern French historio rapidly moving forward in an evolution which is char- graphy possesses a scientific thoroughness that is the acteristic of all literary development. Speaking broadly, peer of the scholarly world of to-day. There are pages and not forgetting considerable noteworthy individual of Renan that seem almost a miracle of literary expres attainment, the short-story is now in its period of power; sion combined with patient scientific effort. Who that later will come the beauty of fineness. Just because has read his marvellous character-sketch of the emperor the modern short-story differs from mere fictional nar- Hadrian can doubt this ? Only the most careful analy- rative (whether sketch or tale) the story plot, with its sis reveals the thoroughness of the research, so exquisite emphasis upon complication and dénouement, is quite is the literary style. The first paragraph establishes the primary and essential. The story is the big thing. historical and geographical milieu, the information in Finish, style, literary appeal, are not fundamental to a which is borrowed from the life of Hadrian, Chapter yarn of grip and movement, but are superstructural. XIX, in the Historiae Augustae. Then follows the unfold-They are, however, vital to a perfect, or even to a really ing of the general idea which Renan wishes to develop, good, short-story, whether its “body” be robust or - that of the reintegration of the Roman world under delicate. If we must often choose between story and the Antonines. The facts he cites to prove it are all style, we choose story and turn elsewhere for style. derived from documents or monuments, especially the Now and then we get both. latter — the remains of Hadrian's villa near Tivoli, the Now here is where the journalistic short-story, so inscriptions and other vestiges of Roman culture in characteristic of the “new” magazine, is of value as a Africa, Egypt, Phoenicia. The activity of Roman part in the general progress of the short-story teller's municipal life in the second century A. D. is proved art: it exhibits a rapidly growing sense of what is vital, from the vast number of inscriptions in the Corpus In and hence interesting, in plot, in situation, in surprise, scriptionum Graecarum. Finally, the entire account in character, in all the groundwork of a good (by which is closed with a masterly paragraph summarizing the I now mean well-constructed, sincere, and interesting) whole. Macaulay himself would have envied the pre short-story. So I do not decry the present-day emphasis cision of Renan's analysis, his constructive synthesis, the upon structural vigor and movement. It is a very cogency of his reasoning, the exquisite grace of his style. important youthful step which shall soon lead the short- Nowhere in historical literature, I venture to say, is there story on to the height of literature. What I do decry a finer example of the perfect combination of scientific is the opinion of many that this journalistic short-story, historical research with the art of literary expression. concoction of swift intrigue, of robustious tragedy, of The same observations are true also, though perhaps loud comicality, is the best kind of short-story. It is in less degree, of Fustel de Coulanges, Alfred Ramband, only a good kind imperfectly wrought, through too Achille Luchaire, and Ernest Lavisse. These character great insistence upon power at the expense of truth and istics are universally recognized in the case of the first beauty -- an indictment which is justly chargeable to and the last. But who that has read Luchaire's four our whole national life. volumes upon Pope Innocent III. will forget his picture Let the “successful ” writer of to-day add to plot of the greatest of the pontiffs, or the description of and movement that charm of style, that purity of dic- mediæval Toulouse ? In these volumes Luchaire con- tion, that inner spiritual light, which alone can infuse cealed a remarkable erudition under the garment of a vigor with fineness. It is the next step and a necessary style woven without seam and almost matchless in texture. one if the American short-story is to be literature. 1910.] 279 THE DIAL There are not enough delicately wrought yet vital stories in 1905, was dismissed from the office of administrator to go around. Not all editors are victims of bad taste. of the Bibliothèque Nationale, after thirty-four years of But I am confident that we are moving surely in the faithful, assiduous, and successful administration. His right direction. All of this present-day seeking for dismissal came like a bolt from a clear sky, and astounded “ body," for vigor and action, must be regarded as our his numerous personal friends as well as all whom he intense American desire to do a thing forcefully. By had assisted in his official capacity, by its quite apparent and by will come, for the short-story as for the novel, injustice. So far from being the cause of the difficulties a general appreciation of and striving after the finer which surround workers at the Bibliothèque Nationalė, literary qualities, to which some of our writers of light Léopold Delisle was directly responsible for the reforms and leading have already attained — a few of them, that were introduced there during the years of his incum- alas, to the complete attenuation of “ the story” itself. bency, reforms that tended to make the vast collec- J. BERG ESENWEIN. tions of that library available. It may truly be said of Philadelphia, Oct. 8, 1910, Léopold Delisle that he found the Bibliothèque Nationale a mob of books and left it a library indeed. He was a great administrator, a great librarian, one of the few IMAGINATION AND THE MODERN SHORT-STORY. whose names will go down to coming generations. But (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) he was also a great scholar. To quote Fritz Milkan, in In returning to me recently a few tales in which I his necrology of Delisle in the September number of the had attempted to treat some South American experi Zentralblatt für Bibliothekswesen : “It has long been an ences with a large blend of imagination, the editor of a acknowledged fact, acknowledged by the consensus, not widely-circulated journal stated that he could not use of France alone, but of the world, that the enormous three classes of matter, — fairy stories (meaning the progress of historical science during the latter half of supernatural), romance, and tragedy. It seems to me the nineteenth century is due to no one else in so high that this statement is a good comment on Mr. Canby's a degree as it is to him.” He was an example of the interesting and able communication in your last issue. librarian and scholar combined, to whom the world of What in the world is there left to make short stories scholarship is indebted, not only for important contribu- out of when the above things are eliminated ? There tions to the advancement of knowledge, but for a sub- is really left only-Fact. I think when Mr. Gradgrind cessful administration of the world's largest library, an died he was cut up like Romeo into twenty thousand administration which resulted in opening to scholars bits and each one of these bits is now, not a star, but resources which before his incumbency were inaccessible. an American Editor. AKSEL G. S. JOSEPHSON. The failure of imagination, - that accounts for the Chicago, Oct. 8, 1910. decline in the art of short story-writing, for style fol- lows imagination as daylight does the sun. Buloz, the great French editor, was once offered an article on God. BIOGRAPHY AND SPELLING REFORM. "God !” he said. “There is no actuality in that.” The (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) American Editor only sees actuality in what is under In the past few months you have had occasion 'to his nose. Imagine Colonel Higginson's “Monarch of record the deaths of five distinguished men David J. Dreams,” one of the greatest short stories ever written, Brewer, Wm. T. Harris, R. W. Gilder, William James, being offered to the editor of any present American and “ Mark Twain.” You have paid them fit tribute magazine. It would certainly be returned to the author as they severally departed. But you have failed to with pitying commiseration, and the advice to get in mention that they were all of them members of the touch with the people. Simplified Spelling Board, - ardent advocates of a But humanity cannot get along without imagination. rational endeavor to make the English language fitter Expel it with a pitchfork, it will return. So our short for service thruout the world. No doubt this oversight story writers stretch and dilate their facts until our was accidental. No doubt it was due to the fact that magazines are a wild whirl of college Amadises, Ameri- they had each of them many other titles to public can princesses, dress suits, automobiles, slumming, and regard. Rockefeller millions. The total result is as unveracious But as you have more than once exprest your own as the Arabian Nights, and infinitely less full of desire to leave English spelling alone in its present meaning chaotic condition, and as your comments on our efforts There was a gradual culmination in the American to remove a few of its more obvious absurdities have short-story through Irving, Hawthorne, and Poe. There sometimes seemed to suggest that all simplified spellers has been an accelerating decline ever since, save where were cranks and freaks, I ask your permission to remind the lift of Bret Harte came in. He gave the world a your readers that men of the wisdom and of the varied new school, compounding his art, as all the masters attainments that you have credited to these five leaders have done, out of a few grains of fact and an immense of American life were willing to stand up to be counted proportion of fancy. CHARLES LEONARD MOORE. in behalf of our cause. BRANDER MATTHEWS. Philadelphia, Oct. 6, 1910. Columbia University, New York, Oct. 5, 1910. A GREAT FRENCH LIBRARIAN. (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) Permit me to add a few words to your comment on the death of Léopold Delisle. He was, at the time of his death, librarian of the library at Chantilly, which was bequeathed to the Institut de France by the late duc D'Aumale, and had served in this capacity since he, [With so much to praise in the subjects of our brief appreciations, it should hardly be expected that we would dwell upon those occasional lapses and aber- rations which, as in Professor Matthews's own case, may characterize the most estimable of men. De mortuis nil nisi bonum would seem to be applicable here. EDR. THE DIAL.] ,280 (Oct. 16, THE DIAL - The New Books. last. Of his band as a whole, all of whom but one (the lamented Professor Marvin, drowned in a lead covered with thin ice) he brought TO THE POLE WITH COMMANDER PEARY.* home in safety, the author writes : From the tropical jungles and sun-scorched “I was extremely fortunate in the personnel of this plains of equatorial Africa, of which Colonel last and successful expedition, for in choosing the men I Roosevelt's latest book has been telling an inter- had the membership of the previous expedition to draw from. ested public many wonderful things, the atten- A season in the Arctic is a great test of char- acter. One may know a man better after six months tion of that public is now called to the icy ter with him beyond the Arctic circle than after a lifetime rors and marvels of the Arctic by Commander of acquaintance in cities. There is something – I Peary's account of his crowning achievement, know not what to call it — in those frozen spaces that the attainment, after almost a quarter-century brings a man face to face with himself and with his companions; if he is a man, the man comes out; and, if of yearning and striving, of latitude ninety he is a cur, the cur shows as quickly." north. “ The North Pole," as he entitles his record of this achievement, forms a fitting and The story of the expedition, from the “ Roose- satisfying sequel to those earlier narratives of velt's” leaving New York, July 6, 1908, to his that have kept the world informed of his Commander Peary's arrival at the pole, April 6, gradual approaches toward the final realization 1909, and the return of the party in the sum- of his life's dream. It is such a book as could mer of the latter year, is familiar in outline to only be written once in the history of the world, every newspaper-reader. In more detail it is just as the exploit it chronicles is one that is known to readers of the magazine that has not likely to be repeated — though any predic- already published the greater part of the ex- tion as to this would manifestly be rash. But for the complete ac- plorer's narrative. At count, with its one hundred and ten striking any rate, no first discovery of the North Pole will ever again be possible, and the publishers' illustrations from photographs taken on the chosen adjective for the book, “ unique,” is not spot, eight of them skilfully colored, one must out of place. go to the book itself, a few further extracts from which will here be given. The plan for this last and triumphant assault on the Pole embraced four principal features. Again and again is the reader made to First, the Smith Sound or American route, admire the grim determination and cool courage of the Arctic explorer. Not that any formal offering a land base one hundred miles nes the goal than is otherwise attainable, was and deliberate accounts are given of obstacles chosen; and, secondly, Cape Sheridan was overcome or dangers faced ; these things are to selected to serve as a winter base, the “Roose- be read mostly between the lines, now and then velt" being anchored there after her perilous in a passing reference or casual mention. For passage of the Sound. The same choice of example, the fact that the author has for the route and winter base was made, it will be re- last eleven years been obliged to make the best membered, three years earlier, when the coveted of his way about on feet that northern frosts have reduced literally to stumps, transpires in prize was all but won in a dash to the then 66 farthest North.” Third on this list of essen- a natural if not unavoidable explanation of less tials comes the sledge with its team of Eskimo than a line of print. And again, in a short dogs, and fourth the Eskimo himself " for the passage, a few of the negative delights of Arctic rank and file of the sledge party.” Besides the Besides the sledging are brought within the reader's appre- hension. indispensable presence of a strong company of these hardy natives from Cape York onward, a “ It was so cold much of the time on this last journey that the brandy was frozen solid, the petroleum was smaller number served in the auxiliary sledg white and viscid, and the dogs could hardly be seen for ing parties when the final move northward over the steam of their breath. The minor discomfort of the ice began, and four actually accompanied building every night our narrow and uncomfortable Commander Peary to the Pole itself. These, snow houses, and the cold bed platform of that igloo on which we must snatch such hours of rest as the with Matthew Henson, the faithful and experien- exigencies of our desperate enterprise permitted us, ced colored assistant, were the only sharers in seem hardly worth mentioning in comparison with the the glory of their leader's success at the very difficulties of the main proposition itself.” The North Pole. Its Discovery in 1909 under the On nights of especial danger, when the parting Auspices of the Peary Arctic Club. By Robert E. Peary. of the ice under the sleeper's chilly bed might With an Introduction by Theodore Roosevelt, and a Fore- word by Gilbert H. Grosvenor. Illustrated. " New York: precipitate him into the still more chilly water, Frederick A. Stokes Co. the party slept with mittens on; otherwise the 1910.] 281 THE DIAL undressing for the night seems to have consisted In addition to the attainment of the Pole, a of removing the mittens, which were then placed small contribution was made to geography by within instant reach. Not infrequently the the exploration of Clements Markham Inlet to only pause between two marches was for eating its head, this being but a few days' journey and a short rest, without sleep. Darkness there along the coast of Grant Land from the winter was none, of course, after the start had fairly quarters. Another minor event of considerable been made for the Pole. interest is related in the closing chapter. The number and variety of mischances that “MacMillan while taking tidal observations at Fort had to be as far as possible guarded against, Conger on Lady Franklin Bay, to connect our work at any one of which might have summarily defeated Capes Sheridan, Columbia, Bryant, and Jesup with the the object of the expedition, are something 1881–83, found still some remains of the supplies of the observations of the Lady Franklin Bay expedition of appalling to think of, so that it seems little disastrous Greely expedition of 1881-84. They included short of a miracle that success was actually canned vegetables, potatoes, hominy, rhubarb, pemmi- achieved. Such a conjunction of favorable, or can, tea, and coffee. Strange to say, after the lapse of not too adverse, conditions might not, even a quarter of a century, many of these supplies were still in good condition, and some of them were eaten with with the best of planning and foresight, be relish by various members of our party. One of the encountered again in centuries; and only a man finds was a text book which had belonged to Lieutenant of long special training and of indomitable Kislingbury, who lost his life with the Greely party. purpose would be able to take advantage of the Upon its flyleaf it bore this inscription: To my dear opportunity. Colonel Roosevelt well says in father, from his affectionate son, Harry Kislingbury. May God be with you and return you safely to us.' his brief Introduction : Greely's old coat was also found lying on the ground. "Probably few outsiders realize the well-nigh incredi This also was in good condition and I believe MacMillan ble toil and hardship entailed in such an achievement wore it for some days.” as Peary's; and fewer still understand how many years of careful training and preparation there must be before One notes with approval that the book con- the feat can be even attempted with any chance of suc- tains only two references, brief and colorless, cess. A dash for the pole' can be successful only if to Dr. Frederick A. Cook; and Mr. Harry there have been many preliminary years of painstaking, | Whitney's name likewise occurs twice. Three patient toil. Great physical hardihood and endurance, appended papers give tidal and other observa- an iron will and unflinching courage, the power of com- mand, the thirst for adventure, and a keen and tions ; facsimiles of certain other important sighted intelligence — all these must go to the make-up observations, and of original certificates relating of the successful arctic explorer; and these, and more to the polar sledge journey ; and a “ Report of than these, have gone to the make-up of the chief of the sub-committee of the National Geographic successful arctic explorers, of the man who succeeded Society on Peary's Records, and Some of the where hitherto even the best and the bravest had failed.” Honors Awarded for the Attainment of the The Foreword contributed by the editor of Pole.” An index and a large map conclude the “National Geographic Magazine” concludes the volume. The handsome workmanship of the a useful eighteen-page sketch of north-polar book, with its many fine illustrations, obtained exploration from the first part of the sixteenth in some cases under unusual difficulties, calls century, with a well-considered tribute to Com- for unstinted praise. It is indeed a “unique" mander Peary. record of a heroic achievement. “ The prize of four centuries of striving yielded at PERCY F. BICKNELL. last to the most persistent and scientific attack ever waged against it. Peary's success was made possible by long experience, which gave him a thorough knowl- edge of the difficulties to be overcome, and by an un- THE LAW AND GOSPEL OF ART.* usual combination of mental and physical power - a resourcefulness which enabled him to find a way to sur- The difficulty of finding an appropriate and mount all obstacles, a tenacity and courage which knew effective title has kept many a worthy book no defeat, and a physical endowment such as nature from coming to the attention of the class of gives to few men.” readers who would find most profit in reading The author himself modestly ascribes his suc- it. In naming his masterly analysis of the cess “ to experience; to the courage, endurance philosophy of art in its application to pictorial and devotion of the members of the expedition, composition, " Notes on the Science of Picture- who put all there was in them into the work; and Making,” the Director of the National Portrait to the unswerving faith and loyalty of the officers, Gallery has heavily handicapped a work which members, and friends of the Peary Arctic Club, * NOTES ON THE SCIENCE OF PICTURE-MAKING. By who furnished the sinews of war, without which C.J. Holmes, Slade Professor of the Fine Arts in the Uni- nothing could have been accomplished.” versity of Oxford. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 282 [Oct. 16, THE DIAL success. should be read by everyone interested in the alike were devoted to reconciling somehow these shifting fine arts. It is not, as the title would indicate, opposites. The result has been utter chaos, disastrous a technical treatise for the instruction of art to artists both directly and indirectly." students. Nor is its appeal solely to artists Another stumbling block is found in the and art critics, though they may read it with appeal to tradition : advantage. The truth is, Mr. Holmes has writ- “ The revival of any past tradition, however splendid its record, is a perilous business ; for unless it can be ten a very remarkable book. In it he has set adapted to the decorative and intellectual needs of the forth the whole law and gospel of art, carrying period of its renaissance, it will be futile and pedantic.” the analysis further than other authors have These words are eminently sound. So also done, and applying it with simple directness to are those with which the introduction closes : the practical questions involved in making pic- “The true logical foundation of the Fine Arts is inex- tures and in forming an intelligent opinion of tricably connected with their concrete function, mate- their merit. Such technical matters as enter into rials, and processes : and no abstract philosophising the discussion are dealt with in plain language which has neglected these essential factors has produ- requiring no special education or familiarity bad painting. It is upon the practical sciences of ced any fruit but fine words, conflicting judgments, and with studio terminology for its comprehension. picture-making, of sculpture-making and the like, and A significant note is struck in the opening not upon any group of abstract ideas, that the æsthetic sentence of the Introduction : philosopher of the future will have to erect the com- “The blunders which we continually make in our plete all-embracing theory which will enable artists to estimates of contemporary painting, and the incessant be peaceable, art patrons to be confident, and art critics to be unanimous." squabbles between painters themselves, do not argue that art criticism so far has been of much practical use, Though the time when such unanimity of either to the world in general, or to the limited class of opinion will prevail is seemingly far in the persons who might be expected to read it." future, and widely varying views may be heard Mr. Holmes then goes on to say: on every hand, those expressed by Mr. Holmes “So far as the general public is concerned, the in this book are nevertheless in accord with æsthetic philosopher may be absolved for his non those held by the small circle of the most emi- If he has failed to teach it the principles of nent critics and connoisseurs of the present reason, judgment, and good taste, no other kind of a philosopher has been much more successful. Yet when day. It is not the novelty of the views but the we come to the restricted class of educated persons who novelty and clarity of their presentment that have been closely connected with the Fine Arts in some make the book notable. The cogency of the capacity or other, the æsthetic philosopher has been reasoning is helped by the modesty with which more conspicuously ineffective. The musician and the these views are stated : the orderly plan upon man of letters no longer dispute except over trifles, but artists are still at open war over what would seem which the work is laid out make the answers to to be the very rudiments of taste: School fights with many perplexing and oft controverted questions School and Society with Society.” easy to be understood. The reasons for this are admittedly not easy In no other way can so accurate an impres- to give, and Mr. Holmes perhaps overlooks sion of the quality of the book be conveyed as some of them in ascribing as the principal one by letting the author speak for himself. What the endeavor to formulate a canon of perfect could be more true than the following words? ideal beauty as the foundation of artistic suc Do they not go to the very root of the ques- cess. There can be little room for doubt, how- tions, how should we paint? and how should ever, of the effect upon ideas respecting the fine we appreciate and judge paintings? arts, of reliance upon such a canon. “ The true painter's emotion sums up and concen- does the relativity of beauty result in great trates his experiences in terms of paint, as the poet divergence of views as to the type itself, but, sums up his experiences in terms of rhythm. It seizes as is pertinently asserted in the book before us, on the facts of the subject that are essential to pictorial expression and rejects all others. It emphasises these the secondary effects of regarding a fixed canon selected facts by all the devices of the painter's art, by of ideal beauty as a criterion have been “no rhythm of line, by the spacing and disposition of the less calamitous than its primary statement." masses, by light and shade, by colour, and by the very “ It was soon recognized by thoughtful minds that handling of the paint, till the result is a harmonious this canon not only failed to account for the admitted pictorial statement in which the various elements unite to excellencies of many great works of art but was actually serve the artist's purpose. inconsistent with them. To explain the discrepancy “ To make good pictures the painter needs the stim- • Truth to Nature,' interpreted in a thousand different ulus of emotion just as does the poet ... We must senses, was called in; and until the latter half of the never forget that the emotion which the painter has to nineteenth century (when • Truth to Nature' began to cultivate is not the emotion of the poet, the musician, occupy the field alone), the efforts of painters and critics or the archæologist, but the emotion which is stirred by Not only 1910.] 283 THE DIAL the pictorial aspect of things, and by that aspect alone. Mr. Chesterton has written a characteristically Whatever charm his subject may have for him by reason entertaining critical biography, which Mr. Shaw of its association with life or literature, he will make a bad picture of it if he allows the thought of this charm appraised most divertingly in the London to come between him and the thought of its pictorial « Nation”, and now Miss Renée M. Deacon has aspect.” produced a sort of student's primer of Shavian These conclusions are not mere dicta. They are philosophy, in which Mr. Shaw's dramatic the result of an extended inquiry that neglects theory, conception of life, and artistic function neither the point of view of the artist nor that are laid down with an uncritical admiration of the observer, that takes into consideration unfortunate for the book but interesting as show- materials and technical processes as well as the ing the complete recognition which its gifted metaphysical basis upon which sound thought subject has received. Heretic and Iconoclast must rest. Two more of them insistently invite of course, but also prophet; to be defined in quotation: simple terms for those who read (because it is “ There is a constant hesitation in the popular mind the thing) and run. as to whether the subject matter of a picture, its inner her Meanwhile, Meanwhile, “ Getting Married," “ The Doc- significance, is more important than its technical expres- tor's Dilemma,” and “ Blanco Posnet” are, sion, its outward decorative aspect. There can be no real doubt as to the truth. As music conveys its mean- according to the publishers, “ in press," where ing to us through the ear, so a picture must convey its they have remained, for reasons best known, meaning to us through the eye. It is through the visible probably, to Mr. Shaw, through divers pub- attractiveness of its pattern of interwoven lines and lishing seasons. The only play of Mr. Shaw's tones and colours that we must be introduced to the significance of the images which the pattern includes. that has appeared recently in print is a suffra- Decoration therefore has always a definite precedence gette farce in one act, intended for amateur over Significance in all good pictures. The moment production, entitled “Press Cuttings "; and the position reversed; when a canvas appeals to the even that has not been brought out on this side mind rather than to the eye; when we think of the story of the water. But in the meantime the staid it tells before our eyes have been gladdened by the columns of “ The Times” have been often attractiveness of its general appearance — when Signifi- cance in short, has taken precedence of Decoration leavened by Shavian controversy. There have the thing is an Illustration, not a Picture. been tilts with Mr. Frohman over the Repertory “The great problem in connection with the subject Theatre, tilts with the tax-collector over Mrs. matter of painting is the relation of art to nature. Shaw's income tax, tilts with various persons • Truth to Nature,' as we have seen, is one of those phrases which people are apt to use as if it were an about Socialism, tilts with musical critics about infallible touchstone for works of art, without consider Strauss, tilts, most frequent and most diverting, ing for a moment that, had this been so absolutely, the over the stage censorship. Sometime, per- great masters would not be great, and the best works haps, a book will be made of Mr. Shaw's contro- of art would be those which most nearly resemble our modern colour-photography." versies, and like Whistler's “Gentle Art” it will It remains to be said that profound though write Shaw plays, so nobody can match Mr. be a classic in its kind. For if nobody else can the book is, it is most pleasant to read. Clear- Shaw for keen, merciless, compact argument - ness of thought finds expression in unusual felicity of statement. Few of those who dip position with cool, cruel irony, characterizes it whirlwind argument, which states its adversary's into År. Holmes's pages will be content to lay with frank, brilliant impertinence, and proves the volume aside without going through it more the contrary with a sweep of splendid general than once. FREDERICK W. GOOKIN. izations supported by an almost impregnabl: array of detail. As Mr. Shaw puts it : “Why cannot a man write bad political econom BY AND ABOUT MR. SHAW.* without coupling it with an attack on the Fabias Mr. Bernard Shaw is more written about Society? The profit is naught; the retribution sudden, swift, and fearful.” nowadays than writing. Two of his friends have discussed him brilliantly under the captions of "Sudden, swift, and fearful ” also the retribu tion exacted from those who fall foul of Mr “Heretic” and “ Iconoclast”; no book on mod- Shaw's other favorite doctrines and institutions ern drama or modern Socialism is complete with- out its fling at him — or its eulogy. Finally versial writings is the little book entitled A brilliant example of Mr. Shaw's contro- * BERNARD SHAW AS ARTIST-PHILOSOPHER. By Renée “Socialism and Superior Brains,” which is all, M. Deacon. New York: John Lane Company. SOCIALISM AND SUPERIOR BRAINS. A Reply to Mr. Mal- it appears, that we are to have from him at Jock. By Bernard Shaw. New York: John Lane Company. present. It began in “ The Times," as a reply 284 [Oct. 16, THE DIAL to Mr. W. H. Mallock and a defence of Mr. thoroughly some salient points of the Shaw Keir Hardie ; it has grown to a Fabian publi- gospel ; and persons who have read the plays, cation, containing the original correspondence, the prefaces, and the Chesterton biography, with explanations, and also an earlier reply and still want more light — or those whom the to Mr. "Mallock, on the same issues, first popular outcry over the complexity of the Shaw printed in 1894 in the “ Fortnightly Review.” paradox has frightened—are hopefully referred Mr. Mallock’s blunder, as stated by Mr. Shaw, to this most recent presentation of the subject. is to conclude " that because ability can produce EDITH KELLOGG DUNTON. wealth and is rare, and men who are rich are also rare, these rich and rare ones must also be the able ones.” Mr. Shaw shows, with his customary cheerful completeness, that there is GROVE'S DICTIONARY COMPLETED.* indeed no connection between the possession of wealth and "Superior Brains," that truly cians," revised, enlarged, and brought down to Grove's “ Dictionary of Music and Musi- Superior Brains ” demand no such connection, date, 'is at last completed in five volumes, and that “ Superior Brains” are at once wasted and will take its place in musical libraries as the overpaid, under present conditions, by the idle rich, and that they will find their paradise in only comprehensive and reliable reference in the English language. This statement, how- Social-Democracy, where selfishness and stupid- ity will be disqualified, and ability may shine ever, must be taken conditionally, for if the forth - exactly as now, for a small salary and new edition of Riemann's Encyclopædia shall other valuable considerations. Mr. Chesterton be translated, then Grove will have a superior in critical discernment and thoroughness of has pointed out, among Mr. Shaw's character- research, as well as in scholarly ability. istic merits, the rare union of intelligence with The fifth and concluding volume of Grove, intelligibility. It is the wide recognition of this delightful quality that will cause many persons just published, contains four notable biogra- not particularly interested in “ the rent of phies,-those of Tchaikovsky, Wagner, Weber, ability” or in the Fabian Socialist Series, to and Verdi, the latter being a considerable en- read Mr. Shaw's reply to Mr. Mallock just largement of the one in the first edition. The because it is Mr. Shaw's. To return for a moment to Miss Deacon's cognized biographer, is admirably written, and study of the artist-philosopher": it has glaring peculiarities and unfortunate domestic experien- throws an interesting light upon his personal more critical and comprehensive accounts of It is indeed in many ways the most valu- the matter, to equip the bewildered beginner able biographical contribution to the dictionary. The most enlightening technical essays are those with some idea of what this very modern drama- tist is driving at. It is an attempt, evidently, at upon “ Tone," “ Time," Temperament, “Tonic Sol-Fa," "Variations," and the Violin," purely objective treatment, an attitude rendered difficult to maintain by the peculiarities of the including the other members of the violin family. Shaw dramas. It is an attempt, also, to explain American readers will naturally look with the Mr. Shaw out of his own prefaces, a method greatest interest for American subjects. These not without disadvantages, particularly when include life sketches of Theodore Thomas, indiscriminately followed. For instance, Mr. Samuel P. Tuckerman the organist, Franz Shaw drops the truism that conflict is essential van der Stücken, Alexander W. Thayer, George to drama, merely to lead up to the characteri- S. Whiting, Marie van Zandt, and Carl Zerrahn. It is satisfactory to observe that Mr. zation of the especial sort of conflict that he is interested in; but Miss Deacon confines herself Thayer is at last recognized as worthy a place to showing that Mr. Shaw's plays involve con- in Grove. The man who spent the leisure of a flict. Here, as in other cases, a background succeeded after most patient and elaborate lifetime in preparing a life of Beethoven, and of comparative criticism would have saved the situation. Miss Deacon is also fond of danger- which previous biographies are crammed, cer- research in correcting a thousand errors with ous superlatives such as that no dramatic author His book “ has insisted so strongly on the social side of tainly deserves this much of honor. life,” or that the Shaw “ view of woman is at * Grove's DICTIONARY OF MUSIC AND MUSICIANS. New once the most practical and the most trans- edition, revised and enlarged. Edited by J. A. Fuller-Mait- land. Volume V., completing the work. Illustrated. New cendentally spiritual.” But she emphasizes York: The Macmillan Co. ces. 1910.] 285 THE DIAL on Beethoven is as monumental an achievement AN AMERICAN SERIES OF GENERAL as Spitta's life of Bach, and must always stand HISTORY.* as the unquestioned and final reference. It is somewhat curious that it has taken two biog- Science Series,” and its recognized usefulness The unquestioned success of the “ American raphers to write a brief sketch of Theodore Thomas. It is disappointing that the joint in presenting the various fields of science in a effort is inadequate and superficial, and throws simple yet thorough manner, have led to an no light upon the ability of the great conductor, attempt to perform a like service to the realm his musicianship, his achievements, or his early of history. According to the publishers' an- labors as the pioneer of orchestral music in the nouncement, the “ American Historical Series " United States. Furthermore, it is somewhat is to consist of eight text-books written by American scholars under the editorial super- exasperating that the inconsequential collabor- vision of Professor Charles H. Haskins, of ation is accompanied by the poorest of Mr. Thomas's portraits. The only remaining Ameri- Harvard University, containing “comprehen- can topic, which is not American except by sive, systematic, and authoritative” informa- adoption, is “ Yankee Doodle,” and this gives tion, and, while preserving descriptive as Mr. Carl Sonneck, the learned pundit who well as narrative " form, giving due atten- tion to “economic and social conditions and presides over the Musical Department of the to institutional development.” Congressional Library, an opportunity to in- The plan is dulge in nearly four pages of queries and con- certainly ambitious, but the design is excel- jectures that leave the reader at last in a fog lent and if successfully executed will not only about a subject which could be of no great present an evidence of American scholarship, but will offer the educational and reading consequence even if the truth about it were known. As many countries claim the nativity of public a series of very useful handy reference “Yankee Doodle" as cities did that of Homer. works on history. Fortunately our own is the most shadowy of all. The first volume to appear is “ Europe since It is a little singular that Mr. Sonneck in his 1815," by Professor Charles D. Hazen, of massive research was not moved to inquire if Smith College. If Mr. Hazen's work were to Beethoven had Yankee Doodle" in mind when be rated upon the basis of comparison with the he wrote the vocal theme of the last movement older and standard brief histories of the period, of his Ninth Symphony. it would in most cases suffer by its inferiority Grove's Dictionary has many omissions. in vividness, or in picturesqueness of presen tation. Fyffe offers a rounded and attractive Some subjects are overworked, some others have scant justice done them. But, taken as a style, Müller a journalistic and vigorously lib- whole, it is the only English dictionary we have, eral interpretation, Andrews trustworthy facts and it is our most important work of musical from a fluent pen, and Seignobos an unusual reference. To compile such a work is a well- lucidity that redeems his work from heaviness. nigh herculean task, and omissions must be The present volume cannot compete with these expected and manner of treatment should be older works in their special excellencies; and it does not pretend to do so. Its claim to recog- accounted for by the points of view. It is the work of many and skilful hands, and their work nition is rather that as a college text-book or has been carefully edited by Mr. Fuller- a convenient reference book it supplies certain Maitland, who has improved upon the previous deficiencies of the works above-mentioned, and volumes, bearing the distinguished name of Sir that for the student or the busy man it presents George Grove. All musical students and lovers a readable and handy compendium for a defi- of music will thank him for it. American musi- nite period of history. Briefly, this purpose is cians will be grateful that they have at last been well fulfilled. The arrangement of the work recognized in an English Dictionary; and if is good ; chapter-headings and page-headings some of them have been omitted, and others are well chosen ; marginal headings on each page slightly treated, they must wait with patience aid in the search for a given topic ; fourteen until the time comes when we may have an unusually clear maps explain the text; the index American “ Dictionary of Music and Musi is in every way adequate; and a well-selected cians.” That time may not be so far distant bibliography refers to the better-known sources as Dr. Friedlander, the Berlin-Harvard exchange By Charles Downer Hazen. professor, thinks. (American Historical Series.) New York: Henry Holt & GEORGE P. UPTON. Company. * EUROPE SINCE 1815. 286 (Oct. 16, THE DIAL several ways. and secondary works. The author has a faculty RECENT FICTION.* for clear, simple, and direct statement, and a condensation that at first glance is so smooth as Mr. De Morgan's fifth novel is a surprise in to forbid realization of what must have been a It is only about half the average tremendous labor, but that excites admiration length of its predecessors, and it is an excursion into the realm of historical romance. It is also, we as one comes to understand how well essential regret to say, far less interesting than the earlier facts have been retained while the unessential ones. We trust that when we next meet the author, have been eliminated. Mr. Hazen's work is it will be again in the Victorian environment which unquestionably“comprehensive and systematic,” is so peculiarly fitted to his genius. “An Affair of and in so far as we have tested his facts it is Dishonor” deals with the early years of the Restor- "authoritative." ation, and the London Plague, of which we hear at The book begins with Europe at the close of a distance, serves to fit the date exactly. Sir Oliver the Napoleonic era, carries the story of national Raydon is an English country gentleman who has and international activities to the end of the seduced the daughter of a neighbor. Challenged to a duel by the outraged father, Sir Oliver meets his century, and concludes with three chapters on antagonist, and kills him. The slaying is not hon- Russia, Japan, and the Far East. It does not orable, even from the peculiar ethical standpoint of touch upon United States history. In so gen- the duellist, for the mortal thrust is given after the eral a field, so briefly treated, no author could enemy has already received a wound that should by any possibility be at once comprehensive and have ended hostilities. The murderer then wrestles steadily entertaining. Thus, for the most part with the problem of breaking the news to his mis- literary expression has been sacrificed to ac tress, and solves it by a cowardly evasion. Before curacy and detail. Nevertheless, Mr. Hazen she can learn of it, he has carried her off to another is distinctly clever in brief characterizations of of his estates a remote and desolate place on the men, and there are many striking pen-pictures coast of the North Sea — and there keeps her in that should serve to fix a personality in the ignorance of what has happened. The means of dis- closure is provided by the woman's brother, return- reader's mind. One may not always agree with ing from Virginia, wounded and temporarily blinded these necessarily concise estimates, yet they in a sea fight with the Dutch, and cast upon the show familiarity with biographies and in addi very shores of Sir Oliver's estate. Here he is nursed tion are frequently original and always judicial. back to life and sight by his sister, who does not Much space is given, very properly, to English reveal to him the bond that is between them. political movements, as well as to the wonder- Finally she lets the secret out, and it transpires also ful colonial development of the last half of the that she is the mistress of his host and not the wife. Even then neither of them knows of the father's nineteenth century; and here the work seems less a compendium and more a living story. murder, and it is only when the brother returns to his ancestral home that he learns the full extent of For, on the whole, the book is really a com- Sir Oliver's villainy. When the dreadful news at pendium, excellent in itself and likely to be last reaches the woman, she takes flight from the very serviceable to teachers who use it as a man whom she must henceforth hate, although she base for more expanded description, but after cannot root out from her heart all of the old affec- all a great storehouse of fact. The history The history tion. Then there is a duel between the brother and presented is largely on traditional models, Sir Oliver, in which the latter is generously spared, mainly political, somewhat social where social then the death of Sir Oliver's wife makes possible movements have affected politics, treating a partial and tardy reparation, and the wronged the more obvious causes and effects, ignoring *AN AFFAIR OF DISHONOR. By William De Morgan. largely inner causes and relations, and devoting New York: Henry Holt & Company REST HARROW. A Comedy of Resolution. By Maurice less attention than the publishers' announce- Hewlett. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ment would indicate to economic and indus- A Man's Man. By Ian Hay. Boston: Houghton Mifflin trial development. The real merit of the work THE CREATORS. A Comedy. By May Sinclair, New is that, taken all in all, it accomplishes the York: The Century Co. purpose of the series in offering a convenient THE GOLDEN CENTIPEDE. By Louise Gerard. New and accurate hand-book. Certainly the series York: E. P. Dutton & Company. should prove acceptable and useful if the THE NATIVE BORN. By I. A. R. Wylie. Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Company. volumes in preparation maintain the standard AILSA PAIGE. By Robert W. Chambers. New York: set by the present one. D. Appleton & Company. THE HUSBAND'S STORY, By David Graham Phillips. EPHRAIM D. ADAMS. New York : D. Appleton & Company. Company 1910.] 287 THE DIAL woman consents to marry him for the sake of their cultural Hall; add some of the less reputable features of unborn child. Sir Oliver, who is an epileptic, comes Earl's Court and Neuilly Fair; include a race-course of the to a miserable end, and the story trickles out to a baser sort; case the whole in wood, and people it with sallow gentlemen in striped jerseys and ladies answering exclusively conclusion reached in Mr. De Morgan's favorite to such names as Hattie, Sadie, and Mamie, reared up appar- way of indirection. The work has considerable ently upon an exclusive diet of peanuts and clam-chowder; power as a psychological study, but the theme chosen keep the whole multitude duly controlled and disciplined demands a much larger proportion of action than it by a police force which, if appearances go for anything, has been recruited entirely from the criminal classes, and you gets, and the total effect is inclined to be wearisome. will be able faintly to realize what Coney Island can do Probably the author could not write a poor novel if when it tries on a fine Sunday in summer." he tried, but the present production brings with it This choice bit of characterization is only one out of an acute sense of disappointment, so inadequately many; the story as a whole is consequently dis- does it exhibit the gifts of humor and tender senti- jointed and episodical. Nevertheless, there is ment that are the charm of “Joseph Vance" and enough of a continuous story to hold the attention, “Somehow Good.” It is an artificial piece of work while the author's cleverness and unfailing humor at best, and the spontaneous geniality of the earlier make us quite willing to forgo what would otherwise novels is sadly missing from its pages. be our demand for a more closely-knit tale. Mr. Mr. Hewlett's “ Rest Harrow” is the third section Hay recounts for us the fortunes of one Hughie of the delectable comedy (previously comprising Marrable, who first appears as a student at Cam- "Open Country” and “Halfway House ") in which bridge, and qualifies as a hero by an exploit at the vagaries of Jack Senhouse are described for us, Bumps, whereby his crew wins the Head of the and illuminated by copious outpourings of his thought River. Hughie then knocks about the world for ten in the form of monologue and epistle. We imagine years, working his way for the fun of the thing, and it to be the conclusion of the whole matter, as far as mingling for choice in the most disreputable society the public is concerned, and it is just as well that it he can find. All this is lightly passed over, and should be, because his eccentric individualism begins when we meet him at Coney Island he is on his way to pall, and his philosophy of conduct — if it may be home to settle down as an English gentleman. His given so pretentious a designation --- has now been Quixotic championship of a distressed damsel results expounded with some superfluity of iteration. The in his being shanghaied in New York, and shipped present story, which is not much of a story at best, on board a tramp freighter which is to be scuttled in carries on the tale of his philanderings with Sanchia mid-ocean for the insurance. The scuttling is duly to the culminating night in the open, when she has started, and the rascally crew take to the boats, but come to him for a final refuge from the influences that | Hughie is left on board with three other men, the seek to shape her life in the conventional mould. holes are plugged up, and the freighter, still good for “They talked long and late, walking down the valley to about four knots, is taken to port. Thus end Hughie's the farmstead for bread. On this, with milk and fruit, they supped after Sanchia had bathed, and clad herself in one of Wanderjahre. After attending to the captain and his Moorish robes. Hooded and folded in this she sat at his owner, and seeing them retired from society for meat, and Senhouse, filled with the Holy Ghost, discoursed at a term of years, he finds himself confronted with a large. The past they took for granted, the present was but new sort of problem. He has been made the guardian a golden frame for the throbbing blue of the days to come.” of a girl—a child when he had last seen her, a beau- We can well believe the statement that Senhouse tiful but wayward young woman upon his return "discoursed at large.” Coleridge once said to Lamb: and falls in love with her. He bungles the affair a “Charles, did you ever hear me preach ?” “I never heard you do anything else," was the prompt reply good deal, so that the entire latter half of the book is needed to set things to rights. After keeping We trust that the “blue of the days to come is to him on tenter-hooks long enongh to get the full en- be taken poetically, and not as indicating the hue of joyment of the sport, Joey capitulates, and all is Sanchia's musings after her final break with society. well. It is a very joyous book, and the writer's We are of course glad that she is quit of Ingram, powers of characterization are much out of the who is a brute, and no sort of mate for her, but we cannot help wondering if “the days to come will not reduce her to Tennyson's condition after his ten “ There was nothing in contemporary literature to compare with the serene, inspired audacity of weeks'sojourn at FitzGerald's"table of Pythagoras," Jane Holland.” One might take this quotation from seeming at first “a thing enskied,” and finally fall- “ The Creators" as a reasonably accurate character- ing “from that half-spiritual height chill’d,” and ization of Miss Sinclair, who combines audacity with turning to the fleshpots with zest. The author of “A Man's Man" has a marked serenity in a fashion somewhat startling even to this liberal-minded generation of novel-readers. “The talent for humorous description, and he is apt to let it get the better of his narrative intent. His picture of frankness as “ The Helpmate" did, but it says a Creators ” does not go quite so far in the direction of Coney Island may be given as a brief example. “Take Margate and Douglas and Blackpool, and pile good many things that are usually left unspoken. them into an untidy heap; throw in a dozen Fun-Cities from In a way it takes us back to Miss Sinclair's great Olympia and half a score of World's Fairs from the Agri success, “ The Divine Fire" for it has to do with common. 288 [Oct. 16, THE DIAL the mental processes and manifestations of genius, after an interval of a score of years, the real story but instead of a single example it gives us half a begins in the same place, once more an English dozen (reckoning Nicky, a genius manqué, as one station. Retributive justice, although tardy, had of the number), equally divided between the sexes. been effective, and a stern hand had dealt with the And its moral seems to be that genius takes heavy revolting natives. The present Rajah is a young chances when it mates. The inherent difficulty in man who had been rescued as an infant from the the problem of taking great novelists and poets for scene of vengeance, and retained in power under an heroes and heroines is that it is so hard to make English protectorate. When we meet him, he is them live up to their imputed characters. No amount a deeply interesting figure, a dreamy idealist, know- of assertion, however vehement, will convince us ing little of the conquering race by actual contact, that anyone is a genius unless his own reported but much by reading and reflection. He sees in speech bears the unmistakable signs of inspir the English a race of heroes, and when advances ation. Miss Sinclair came within measurable dis are made to him by the society of the station, is tance of solving this problem successfully in “The only too ready to receive his new friends with open Divine Fire," but she comes considerably short of arms. He speedidly falls victim to the wiles of her aim in the new venture. Our chief impression a designing woman and the intrigues of a speculative of these writing-folk is that they are an irritable and adventurer. He dares to love the one innocent neurotic set, conspicuously devoid of balance and of the social gulf between black and white — while common sense, rather than that they are the creative with the other he engages in a mining scheme artists the author would like to have us think them. which he is persuaded to look upon as a philan- The book is immensely clever as to dialogue and thropic enterprise for the uplifting of his people. personal description, and keeps free from long When his eyes are opened, and he learns that analytical divagations. These qualities make it un the woman has tricked him, and that the man has usually readable, but something more than little plunged him into personal dishonor, he becomes once touches are required for vital portraiture, and that more the Indian prince, implacable in his hatred, something more Miss Sinclair is not quite able to and fierce in his fanatical zeal for revenge. He command. The two important characters who are determines to sweep the English settlement out of not geniuses (unfortunately married to the two who existence, and it seems that their doom is sealed, are) seem to be the most authentic examples of when the extraordinary fact is revealed to him that human nature in the whole book. he is himself partly of English blood. Thus is the Miss Louise Gerard is the author of a weird final catastrophe averted, for with the Rajah's African romance called “The Golden Centipede," revulsion of feeling the revolt becomes powerless. which in point of invention should make Mr. Rider Even the woman who has played with him expe- Haggard anxious about his laurels. In point of riences a change of heart, and her better self is description, it is rather suggestive of the African aroused as she learns to appreciate his inherent tales of Mr. Harold Bindloss; and even recalls at nobility of character. The secondary interest of times the masterly pages of Mr. Joseph Conrad. the narrative is provided by the relations of a man Unfortunately the book is badly-written, with fre and woman, both English, who had also been pre- quent lapses from good grammar, and a most con served as children from the massacre that had fusing use of pronouns. Over and over again the orphaned them both twenty years earlier. The reader is puzzled to determine the antecedent of a whole plot is too intricate to be outlined in a few “he” or a “him." The golden centipede of the words, and so many revelations are crowded into title is only a symbol, but there are real centipedes the closing chapters that the effect is too confusing in the story, of the most venomous and loathsome for the most satisfactory sort of story-telling. But sort. There are other horrors, also, piled one upon the novel has both interest and power, and its tense another until we have something more than a surfeit dramatic climaxes indicate an unusual measure of of them. In fact, the story is one of the creepiest literary skill. that we can recall, but the plot, ingenious although Our Civil War will doubtless provide subjects wildly extravagant, has a certain fascination which for the novelist for many years to come, and its partly atones for the book's many defects of prolixity, possibilities still remain largely unexplored. In its cheap sentiment, and general literary shapelessness. superficial aspects, indeed, it has become fairly Miss Wylie's “ The Native Born” is a tale of hackneyed, but the novels devoted to it that ex- modern India which, while it is lacking in the hibit insight and breadth of treatment may almost penetrative power of Mr. Kipling and Mrs. Steel, be counted upon one's fingers. “Ailsa Paige is fairly comparable with the works of those writers comes very near to being included in this small in its evidence of acquaintance with the conditions group; its claim would be indisputable were it not of Indian life, and in its successful working-out of for its extravagant emotional coloring and its exces- an intricate plot. A brief prologue describes an sive sentimentalism. Mr. Chambers must pay some attack upon an ontpost, stubbornly but hopelessly penalty for having become a “best seller,” and he defended by a handful of soldiers, ending with the meets the demands of his swollen clientéle by gush- last stand and final massacre of the whites. Then, ing rather more than is permissible, and by an 1910.) 289 THE DIAL << indulgence in over-violent contrasts of light and nothing more than a common scold. The particular shade. The blend of brute and idealist that he story which he tells here (or has told for him in the gives us in his hero is not exactly calculated to first person) is so utterly untypical even of the pluto- appeal to the judicious, although his youthful read. cratic society which he holds up to reprobation, and ers will probably think it adorable. He is at his best is given us with such crude coloring and strident in such a bit of dialogue as the following: emphasis, that it can make no appeal to any order Curt?" of intelligence higher than that which is moved by Yes, dear." the revivalist exhorter or the writer of yellow “ If he surrenders — “ It makes no difference what he does now, child." editorials. Of course, there are many people of that “I know it. They've dishonoured the flag. This is low order of intelligence by whom he may be taken war is n't it?" seriously, and to such he must look for his public. “Yes." There is no more mischievous kind of writing than “Will it be a long war?” “I think not." that which thus uses a moral purpose to cloak an “Who will go ?” unbridled sensationalism based upon a wild distortion “I don't know. ... Soldiers." of actual human character. “I did n't suppose we had enough. Where are we going WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. to get more ?" The people —” he said absently — "everybody, I sup- pose. How do I know, child ?” “Just ordinary people ?” BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. “Just ordinary people” he responded quietly. If only the author had heeded the lesson of sim- “ The tail of the comet S. T. C." Glimpses of plicity and restraint thus set himself he might have a grand-niece was what some one once called the given us a masterpiece. As it is, he has given us of Coleridge. late Mary E. Coleridge, who said of a stirring story, told with much tenderness and herself, “I have no fairy godmother, but lay claim sympathy, in which poetic suggestiveness jostles to a fairy great-great-uncle." In the memoir pre- with harsh realism, and a group of intimately fixed to “Gathered Leaves from the Prose of Mary related and particularly interesting characters hold E. Coleridge” (Dutton) Miss Edith Sichel speaks our attention closely. Mr. Chambers is at his best of Mary as the great-niece of Samuel Taylor when writing romance with a historical background, Coleridge, and of the latter as the great-uncle of and the present work is the best he has given us Mary. Whatever the exact degree of kinship, some- since his trilogy of novels dealing with the Ameri- thing of the Coleridgean genius for both creative can Revolution. and critical work reappeared in the niece, whose Mr. David Graham Phillips " has it in” for the short life of forty-six years (1861-1907) is memor- American woman. To readers of his earlier novels, able to us for the novels, stories, essays, and poems this statement will not be a surprise, although most that attested her lively imagination, her love of of them will probably gasp at the lengths to which beauty, her warmth of feeling, and her pure delight the author has permitted himself to go in “The in the creations of genius. To those who knew her Husband's Story," his latest diatribe against the personally she seems to have possessed, with all her despised and abhorred sex. The following blossoms The following blossoms shyness and whimsicality, great charm and many are culled from a single early chapter. “As a rule, graces. The warmth of heart that made her the women systematically lie to their husbands about big truest of friends was not inferior to the bright- things and little.' « Our women take incidental in ness of intelligence that enabled her to master terest or no interest in their homes, in their husbands, Hebrew before she was nineteen and to become an in their children.” “The American woman fancies early and ardent lover of Greek literature in the she is growing away from the American man. The original. The short stories printed in “Gathered truth is that while she is sitting still, playing with a Leaves are reproduced from “ The Cornhill lapful of the artificial flowers of fake culture, like a Magazine ” and other sources, and, while they illus- poor doodle-wit, the American man is growing away trate her liveliness of fancy, her “human insight from her.” “ The American woman is responsible and poetic oversight,” they also prove the truth of for the dishonesty of American commercial life.” the criticism that her genius lacked sufficient talent “Is there any line of serious endeavor in which an to render it adequate support.Abruptness and American woman is interesting and helpful and com obscurity and lack of construction mar her fiction. panionable to a man?" Later on, when the writer Her poems, mostly short and of slight texture, do gets really warmed up to his task, the indictment is her better justice. In literary criticism she knows continued under other counts, so numerous and varied what is good and how to commend it. Examples that we may at least admire the ingenuity that can of these three kinds of writing are presented by her think of so many mean things to say. Unfor- editor, and also Miss Coleridge's “Notes of the tunately, Mr. Phillips has not the equipment of the Table Talk of William Cory,"—the inspired teacher Juvenal he would like to appear; his generalizations and erratic scholar of genius, as Miss Sichel styles are too sweeping to be impressive, and the incurable him. Brief passages are also given from Mary vulgarity of his expresssion excites nothing but dis-Coleridge's letters and diaries, and a pleasing por- gust. Posing as an indignant satirist, he is in fact trait of her forms the frontispiece. Bright and 290 [Oct. 16, THE DIAL Evolution and the Irish. in humane beautiful was her character, and these qualities the great Artemisium, or Temple of Diana, at mark the memorial volume edited with such loving Ephesus, which Wood, its discoverer thirty years sympathy by her friend. earlier, had left but partially explored. Gruesomely sensational are some passages of the author's The application of the principles of description of his tomb-hunting and body-snatching organic evolution to the explanation adventures in Egypt, when, "crawling on all fours of human activities, especially those in the dark, one often found the passage barred by of a social character, is usually somewhat indirect a heap of dim swaddled mummies turned out of and inferential. In a volume of the “ International their coffins by some earlier snatcher of bodies; Scientific Series” bearing the title “The Evolution and over these one had to go, feeling their and Function of Living Purposive Matter” (Apple-breast-bones crack under one's knees and their ton), Professor N. C. Macnamara attempts to make swathed heads shift horribly this way or that under this application direct and specific. After tracing After tracing one's hands.” Lucky was the temerarious grave- the structural evolution of the nervous system and robber to escape with his life and no treasure from the purposive behavior which this organ system a stifling burrow “where rock was rotten and screes subserves, through the animal series from Amoeba of loose chips, thrown down from plundered tombs to man, the attempt is made to show that the activ- above, might slip at any moment over the only ities social, economic, and religious – of a parti-channels of air and escape, and condemn us to the cular group of the Irish people are the direct out- death of trapped rats in a most unworthy cause and come of their evolutionary history. The result is most unpleasant company." The usual and highly interesting if not altogether convincing. The author's acceptable accompaniment of pictures from photo- argument is developed in the following way. Roughly graphs, to the number of forty, is found in the vol- the first two-thirds of the book is devoted to an ume. As the informal record of a restless seeker analysis of the biological literature on the progres- for ancient relics, pursuing his quest somewhat in sive evolution of the higher “purposive" types of the spirit of the gamester or the mining prospector, animal behavior. Beginning with the simple reflex the book is by no means so dry and dusty as the activities of unicellular organisms concerned in the typical antiquary is supposed to be. getting of food and the avoidance of harmful situa- tions, it is shown that as we ascend the animal series Besides the repressive measures, Practical work there is a continual and gradual increase in com- mainly in the nature of police duties, education, plexity of behavior, culminating in the higher directed against cruelty to animals animals in “conscious" action. Associated with and to unprotected children, a greater need is for the increasing complexity of behavior is an increase that educational work which will make repressive in the complexity of the so-called "purposive measures few or needless. Much has been done in structural elements (nervous system) of the body. this direction in the last decade, both by organiza- It is then maintained that the accumulated effect of tions and individuals; and much more is likely to be this evolution in the case of the end product — man done in the future. In this noble work the name of - leads to the result that “the personal character Henry Bergh stands preeminent in this country; or inherited instincts of human beings form a kind and it is fitting that Mr. Roswell C. McCrea's ex- of substratum (unconscious) to their mental life, cellent report on - The Humane Movement in and constitute the real cause of most of their ac- America" should have been “prepared on the Henry tions.” The last third of the book is given to an Bergh Foundation for the Promotion of Humane attempt to substantiate this claim by a detailed and Education in Columbia University," and published very interesting account of the history of the Clan at the University Press. The volume is a substan- cuilein Sept, a division of the Dalcasian tribe of tial one of 450 pages, and presents, besides a short Celts. Here the author is at his best. He writes biography of Henry Bergh and an account of his of stirring events in a stirring way. One forgets work, a considerable amount of matter relating to the biological theory, which after all is rather similar activities in this country. We are surprised intangible in its concrete application, in the joy of at the omission of the very important work of the a well-told story of an interesting people. Humane Alliance, a chartered and still active organ- ization in New York City, founded and endowed by In his chatty and rambling “ Acci- Hermon Lee Ensign, a genuine lover and protector Incidents of antiquarian dents of an Antiquary’s Life” (Mac- of animals, who at his death ten years ago left his research. millan) Mr. D. G. Hogarth, already entire estate, of something like two hundred thous- known as the author of "A Wandering Scholar and dollars, to the cause of the Humane Alliance. and other writings, relates some of the minor inci- | This society has done a remarkable work in the dents of his twenty-three years' archæological wan last decade in erecting marble drinking fountains, derings and diggings in Greece, Macedonia, Asia of artistic and serviceable design, costing about a Minor, Egypt, and Syria. The most important The most important thousand dollars each, in various towns, villages and achievement of his that these miscellaneous reminis cities throughout the country. Between one and cences touch upon seems to have been the toilsome two handred of these beautiful fountains have now but richly remunerative exploration of the site of been given to the public - or, rather, to thirsty 1910.] 291 THE DIAL dogs and horses — by this well-planned and well tons, the Grenvilles, Lord Dacre, the Earls of Guil- administered benefaction. Some of Mr. Ensign's Some of Mr. Ensign's ford, Coventry, and Hardwicke, and many others. writings occupy a creditable place in humane liter A sufficient account of Miller himself, with other ature, and should have been included in the ample editorial matter, is acceptably furnished by the bibliographies in this volume. We are glad to see careful editors. Inevitably there are many para- the unmistakable utterance of Dr. William James graphs, and even pages, in the four hundred and on the subject of animal vivisection given promin- more of correspondence, that savor of the common- ence here. The various State laws for the protec place. On the other hand an occasional new light tion of animals and children are summarized in a is thrown on a historic character, as in Pitt's play- 96-page appendix. The work is a valuable one, and ful and sprightly style of addressing his dear friend, can be made still more so by a needed revision, which shows him to have been more genial and less should a new edition be called for. stern and formal than our mental picture of the great man. To Miller on the eve of a visit to Two most interesting and charming Wroxton he writes : “May the grand Landskip New glimpses of a charming personalities are disclosed in the late Painter, the Sun, spread his highest colouring o'er personality. Richard Watson Gilder's volume en the sweet scene, and the fairest Naiad of the Lake titled “Grover Cleveland: A Record of Friendship" frisk all her frolick Fancy at the Cascade, and be, (Century Co.). The term charming would have what you must ever think a pretty Girl, most appeared absurd as applied to Mr. Cleveland fifteen charming in her Fall.” From Deane Swift, near years ago, so far as his personal self had become kinsman and biographer of the Dean of St. Patrick's, known to the world. He was counted honest, cap- many lively letters are given. But the attractions able, and obstinate; he made enemies with the of the book, to readers fond of familiar correspond. greatest ease, and seemed to have but few friends. ence, are too many to specify in detail. By a natural His party was forced to accept him for its leader as and perhaps unconscious assimilation of eighteenth- the only man who had a chance to win, and did it century style, the editors allow themselves to use an with a wry face. But this stern, reserved, pugna- occasional obsolete term, as in calling Miller an cious politician has been shown, since he retired to “antiquarian," and in referring to "an Austrian private life, to be a lovable man with charming so General of Irish extract.” The work is fully illus- cial qualities and what may almost be called a genius trated and indexed. for friendship. Mr. Gilder's book is delightful in It is almost impossible for an Amer- what it shows of his friend, and equally delightful Up and down in what it shows of himself, and the workmanship ican to express his first impressions of England. In vain he tries to is that of the literary artist that we knew him to convey to his untravelled countrymen the effect of be. It consists of eighty-two brief anecdotes or English landscape, with its smooth velvety enclos- sketches, most of them only a page or two long, ures, lush hedgerows, old-fashioned villages, grey with no connection except that each one illustrates church-towers, ancient farm and manor houses, some characteristic or quality or opinion or senti- ment of Mr. Cleveland; and there is not one of them stately castles, and winding white roads. He is forced to admit that our own rural districts are as that is trivial or over-laudatory in tone, or unillum- substantially built upon, covered with virtually the inating. As one reads he seems to be brought into same crops, laid out in fields of the English pattern, personal acquaintance with the subject, and both and diversified with about the same amount of admiration and love grow with the reading. Mr. woodland. Yet - Cleveland's foibles and idiosyncrasies are shown, even apart from buildings but they only set off his manliness, his true dignity, lutely not only from our own country but from ordinary, gracious, ornate England differs abso- and his greatness. His reputation is meeting the almost all others in the world, with a quality and great test, that of steady growth; unlike many who prodigious contrast almost indescribable. It so hap- have stood high during their active lives, he stands higher in general esteem as more is known of him that the English shrine most visited by Amer- pens ericans, the birthplace of Shakespeare is also and as his career is studied. Mr. Gilder's beauti- in the heart of some of the most characteristic and ful little book will help on that growth and appre- beautiful of English scenery. Hence, many Amer- ciation. icans make their first, and sometimes their last, Familiar letters A genius for friendship and for eli acquaintance with England by way of Stratford, on of 18th centurv citing friendly letters from his absent the banks of the river Avon. Accordingly, Mr. celebrities. friends seems to have belonged to A. G. Bradley's book entitled “The Avon and Sanderson Miller, Esq., of Radway in Warwick Shakespeare's Country” (Dutton) bears a name to shire, man of letters, architect, and antiquary. “An conjure with. Nevertheless, in his preface, the Eighteenth-Century Correspondence” (Duffield), author acknowledges that he has given more space edited by Miss Lilian Dickins and Miss Mary to the lower and less-known shores of the Avon Stanton, is made up of carefully preserved but never than to the higher and more familiar reaches in the before published letters and parts of letters to Miller immediate Stratford district, and that he has done from such men of note as the elder Pitt, the Lyttel this with the transatlantic reader especially in mind. the river Avon. 292 [Oct. 16, THE DIAL Even more consistently engaging, associated with machine shop in Boston, in the summer of 1875, more inspiring landscape and no less rich in historic that young Alexander Graham Bell, professor of association, is the Avon near its mouth than the elocution and visible speech,” hit on the missing Avon at its source. Beginning with Tewkesbury, Beginning with Tewkesbury, mechanism to his device for producing audible Mr. Bradley continues up-stream to Bredon, Eves- speech at an indefinite distance from the speaker. ham, and below the Cotswolds, with much historic It was because he was more of an acoustician than detail and many alluring tales before reaching the an electrician that he was able to accomplish what town of Stratford and thence to Warwick, Kenil professional electricians had pronounced to be im- worth, and Rugby. Even if the text were less possible. Dr. Clarence J. Blake, the noted Boston engaging than it really is, no one could be insen- aurist, had given him the valuable suggestion of the sible to the thirty charming illustrations in color human ear as a model to study and imitate in perfect- by Mr. A. R. Quinton. From the familiar view of ing his instrument, and from this marriage of the Trinity Church at Stratford, which serves as frontis two sciences of acoustics and electricity the hopeful piece, to the quaint Bubbenhall Mill of the closing offspring now known as the Bell telephone was chapter on Rugby, these pictures are full of the born. The stormy history of the Bell Telephone intimate feeling for English scenery that is so diffi- Company, its winning of thirteen important law- cult to put into words. suits, five of which were carried up to the Supreme Court, and of nearly six hundred lesser suits, with The inauguration of a series like Two successful Messrs. Duffield's “ Plays of To-day only two trivial contract cases decided against it, English dramas. and its enormous growth in prosperity and activity and To-Morrow” is a significant sign of recent years, are all related in sufficient detail, of the times. It means that the play is growing Some account, too, of the chief men who have aided popular, like play-going; that people who do not in building up this powerful corporation is given, go to the theatre insist upon having plays to read, while those who do go often hear something worthy abundance. and portraits and other illustrations are provided in of more than an evening's casual attention. The series opens auspiciously with two volumes contain- ing Mr. Rudolf Besier's “Don,” and Mr. James Bernard Fagan's “The Earth.” « Don” was the BRIEFER MENTION. modern light comedy offering on last winter's pro- gramme at the New Theatre. The hero is a quix. culture, declares Mrs. Emily M. Bishop, with all the Good health is simply a matter of physical and mental otic young poet who, having taken a foolish wife amplifications that this assertion implies, in a handy, away from her husband, brings her to his father's buckram-bound volume entitled · Daily Ways to house, where his fiancée and her family are visiting, Health" (Huebsch), which she begs the reader to allow with the pleasing expectation that everybody will “ to be left around anywhere on the office desk, the understand and sympathize. The characters in the kitchen shelf, the couch, the sewing table or the window two older generations are all types, and all amusing. seat,” for hap-hazard perusal in spare moments. Simple If the comedy verges towards farce, there is no hint home gymnastics and breathing exercises, with helpful of melodrama. The four leading figures are closely hints on “the will to be well,” make up the bulk of the studied, the dialogue is by turns amusing and mov- book. Mrs. Bishop is an experienced teacher of health ex- ing, and the central situation sincerely and vividly ercises, well known to Chautauqua pupils, and her doc- trine is one to which most of us give too little heed. presented. Like “Don,” “The Earth” is of En- The Wisconsin History Commission publishes, as glish origin our native drama seems to be more talked about than in evidence. It is a newspaper number three in its series of “ Original Papers," a small volume by Mr. Theron W. Haight containing about all play based on the political aspirations of the head that can be learned concerning the careers of three broth- of a gigantic newspaper trust. Gaily ironic and ers, Howard B., Alonzo H., and William B. Cushing. brilliant is the presentation, vital the grip on real “Three Wisconsin Cushings" is the book's title. The issues, masterly in utter absence of theatricality the first of the three, after creditable service in the Civil dénouement. Realism seems to be the note of the War, distinguished himself in fighting the Apaches in new school of dramatists - truth to life, combined Arizona, where he was killed in action in 1871. The second was graduated from the U. S. Military Academy with a searching inquiry into life's problems. It is to adherence to this tradition that “The Earth” and acquitted himself well as artillery officer in the Civil War, rising to lieutenant colonel and rendering owes its success as a stage-play both in London and conspicuous service at Gettysburg, where he fell. The America, and finally its place in a series like the one third brother received his training at the U. S. Naval under discussion. Academy, and served brilliantly throughout most of the The story of an “The History of the Telephone Civil War, especially distinguishing himself by sinking epoch-making the Confederate ironclad, Albemarle. He continued in (McClurg), by that experienced his- invention. torian of American inventions, Mr. the navy, with occasional promotions, until his death in Herbert N. Casson, gives in three hundred highly traits, with facsimiles of letters, are provided, and the 1874 at the Government Hospital for the Insane. Por- readable pages an untechnical account of the birth, somewhat meagre annals attainable in regard to these growth, and flourishing maturity of this indispens- brothers make a book of particular interest to war able aid to quick communication. It was in a small veterans. - 1910.] 293 THE DIAL now NOTES. notes, facsimiles, and frontispieces, will be limited to one thousand copies. The first four volumes, to appear An entirely new and revised edition of Mr. Rossiter in November, will be “The Defence of Guinevere,' Johnson's well known “ History of the War of Seces “ The Life and Death of Jason;" and two volumes of sion” will be issued at an early date by the Wessels “The Earthly Paradise.” & Bissell Co. Messrs. Cassell & Company announce a new art series Current interest in aviation has led the Houghton entitled, “One Hundred Popular Pictures,” consisting Mifflin Co. to prepare a holiday edition of Mr. John T. of medium-sized reproductions in the exact colors of Trowbridge's famous poem of forty years ago, “ Darius the originals of one hundred masterpieces of painting. Green and his Flying-Machine.” Illustrations for the The series will be completed in twenty-five portfolios, new edition have been made by Mr. Wallace Goldsmith. to be published at intervals, at a low price, and delivered A new edition of Mr. Charles F. Lummis's “ The to subscribers in the same manner as a magazine. Man Who Married the Moon,” for some time out of The two lectures given last year at Columbia Univer- print, is on the Century Co.'s Fall list. This new edition, sity by Señor Ramón Menéndez Pidal, under the aus- enriched by an entirely new story, will be published pices of the Hispanic Society of America, are under the title of “ Pueblo Indian Folk-lore Stories." published by the Society in a handsome volume. Their Richard Frothingham's “The Rise of the Republic of subject is “ El Romancero Español,” which is dealt with the United States” has been a work of considerable historically and critically. As a contribution to the usefulness for nearly forty years. It was a pioneer work study of Spanish literature this work is of high impor- of its class, and still deserves readers, which will prob tance. ably be found for it by the tenth edition, now published William R. Jenkins Co., of New York City, announce by Messrs. Little, Brown, & Co. that they have purchased the old established business Professor Josef Redlich, of Vienna, is to give the of F. W. Christern (Dyrsen & Pfeiffer, successors), Godkin Lectures this autumn at Harvard University, foreign booksellers and importers of the same city. The and he has chosen as his subject the history of the stock has been transferred to the premises of William Austro-Hungarian Constitution since the compact which R. Jenkins Co., thereby increasing the supply and variety followed the war of 1866. The lectures, given in of their books in foreign languages and broadening the English, will be published later in book form. scope of their business. Mr. B. W. Huebsch, of New York, is about to pub Two interesting additions to Mr. B. W. Huebsch's lish a poem of seven hundred lines entitled “The Fall list have just been announced. One of these is Mr. Happy Teacher,” which was read before the Phi Beta John Bigelow's “ Temples of Peace Built of Untemp- Kappa society at Stanford University, last commence ered Mortar," in which the venerable publicist discusses ment, by our old and valued contributor, Professor the barrier to universal peace presented by the “pro- Melville B. Anderson, on the occasion of his commen tective” tariff. The second volume is a study of “Legal cing Emeritus. Doctrine and Social Progress,” by Professor Frank Admirers of Walter Pater could hardly wish for him Parsons, of Boston University. a more tasteful and dignified form of publication than A volume on Lincoln and Herndon, by Mr. Joseph is provided by the Macmillan Co. in their new library Fort Newton, author of “ The Life of David Swing: edition of his complete writings. Four volumes, giving Poet-Preacher," is announced by the Torch Press. The us “ The Renaissance,” “Marius,” and “Imaginary book deals with the personal and political fellowship of Portraits,” are now at hand, and six more are to come Abraham Lincoln and his law partner, William H. Hern- at monthly intervals. don. The basis of the study is a series of letters, here A new and enlarged edition of Mr. Richard Robert published for the first time, that passed between Herndon Madden's work entitled “The United Irishmen: Their and Theodore Parker from 1854 to 1859. Lives and Times,” now for nearly fifty years out of A new and important publishing organization is an- print, is announced by the Tandy Publishing Co. of New nounced in the formation of the National Arts Publish- York. The new edition will be in twelve volumes, ing Company, with headquarters in Boston. The presi- with a life of the author, notes, index, and bibliography dent of the company is Mr. Henry Lewis Johnson, by Mr. Vincent Fleming O'Reilly. founder of the magazine, “The Printing Art,” the editor- Professor Walter Raleigh's “Six Lectures on John ship of which he has just resigned to engage in this son,” to be published immediately by the Oxford Uni- larger undertaking. A magazine of a unique kind versity Press, will include the Leslie Stephen lecture which the company will publish is to bear the title, delivered at Cambridge; and Essays on the two-hun “Color.” It will be printed with colored illustra- dredth anniversity of Johnson's birth, Johnson without tions throughout, including the advertising pages as Boswell, Johnson on Shakespeare, Early Lives of the well as the literary section. The subject matter of Poets, and Johnson's Lives of the Poets. « Color” will be drawn from the field of the fine and Mr. A. Maurice Low has delivered to his publishers industrial arts, the text being profusely illustrated with the manuscript of the second volume of his interesting color reproductions made direct from nature. Another and valuable work, “The American People : A Study magazine to be published by the National Arts Publish- in National Psychology,” and has gone abroad for a ing Company is “ The School Arts Book,” which is short holiday. The second volume of “ The American already established as an educational journal devoted People” will be one of the leading publications on the to the teaching of art and manual training in schools. Houghton Mifflin Co.'s list early next year. Mr. Henry Turner Bailey will continue to edit this “The Collected Works of William Morris," in twenty- magazine. Another periodical to be issued by the com- four volumes, under the editorship of Miss May Morris, pany will deal with the latest developments in engrav- is announced by Messrs. Longmans, Green, & Co. The ing and color printing, under the title of “ The Graphic edition, which will contain introductions, biographical Arts Magazine.” 294 [Oct. 16, THE DIAL LIST OF NEW BOOKS. [The following list, containing 166 titles, includes books received by THE DIAL since its last issue.] BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES. Charles de Bourbon, High Constable of France. By Chris- topher Hare. Illustrated in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, 360 pages. John Lane Co. $4. net. The Life of Marie Amélie, Last Queen of the French, 1782- 1866. By C. C. Dyson. Illustrated in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, 818 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $3.50 net. A Queen at Bay: The Story of Cristina and Don Carlos. By Edmund d'Auvergne. Illustrated in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, 310 pages. John Lane Co. $5. net A Royal Cavalier: The Romance of Rupert Prince Palatine. By Mrs. Stewart Erskine. Illustrated in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, 379 pages. D. Appleton & Co. The Black Prince. By R. P. 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THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of each month. TERMS or SUBSCRIPTION, 82. a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States, and Mexico; Foreign and Canadian postage 50 cents per year extra. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub- scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription is desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All com munications should be addressed to THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879. No. 585. NOVEMBER 1, 1910. Vol. XLIX. CONTENTS. TWO POETS PAGE .. 317 . ORIGINALITY IN LITERATURE. Charles Leonard Moore 319 CASUAL COMMENT 321 The dispersal of a great library.—The advent of the college-bred journalist. - The partnership novel.- The season's prospects in the book business. Special- izing in libraries. - Raw material for romance. The growing market for reading-matter. COMMUNICATIONS. 323 The “Journalized Short Story” Again. Rowland Thomas. Making History Interesting. St. George L. Sioussat. The Return to Macaulay. Ephraim Douglas Adams. TWO POETS. When Swinburne made his famous pilgrim- age to Landor in Florence, he spoke of it as a visit from “ The youngest to the eldest singer That England bore." When we learned that death had claimed on the same day (October 17) both Mrs. Julia Ward Howe and Mr. William Vaughn Moody, we could not refrain from thinking of them, in paraphrase, as The youngest and the eldest singer Our country bore. They were just half a century apart, for the one was in her ninety-second year, and the other in his forty-second only. The one died after a life of the ripest achievement; the other was cruelly cut off, an “inheritor of unfulfilled re- nown,” not indeed before his genius had been amply declared, but before he had accomplished more than a small part of what the world ex- pected of him. The two lives offer tempting contrasts : woman and man, age and youth, East and West, past and present, the passion of a nation aflame with zeal for the rights of man, and the spectacle of the same nation, breathing an air grown thick and fat with avarice, brutally trampling upon those rights, and glossing its degradation with the cant phrases of a pinchbeck philanthropy, concealing its greed beneath the comfortable cloak of hypocrisy. We may not now enlarge upon these contrasts, for the present obligation is to set forth in a few words the lives and characters of these two notable figures in our literature, one of them almost the sole remaining figure from the swiftly receding old century, the other the most import- ant figure in our literature of the young new century. Mrs. Howe was born in New York, but upon her marriage in 1843 removed to Boston, henceforth to be reckoned a New Englander in spirit and associations. Her life long devotion to philanthropic endeavor of the noblest sort, even more than her literary per- formance, made her the “grand old woman of America, —if we may call her old who was the end youthful in feeling, and, despite physic infirmity, active in all good works. Married to a man who had fought in the Greek war of liber- ation and had been Byron's tent-mate, she gave AN ILLUSTRIOUS FANATIC. W. H. Johnson . 325 THE STORY OF A DUAL PERSONALITY. Percy F. Bicknell 327 ROMANTICISM IN LITERATURE AND LIFE. Lewis Piaget Shanks 329 A LITERARY HISTORY OF THE SOUTH. Killis Campbell . 331 MUSIC IN ENGLAND, Louis James Block . 333 A HANDBOOK OF RELIGIOUS HISTORY. Joseph H. Crooker 334 . BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS . 335 For collectors of Japanese color-prints. Some errors on common topics. - Athletics in ancient Greece. Mr. Dooley on questions of the day. – The love of books and of reading. – The Premier of Lincoln's administration. – Two literary anthologies for stu- dents. - Socialistic leaders and tendencies.-Contin- uation of famous memoirs. NOTES .. 338 TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS 340 LIST OF NEW BOOKS 340 318 [Nov. 1, THE DIAL her own unstinted sympathies to all peoples assembly rose and sang the “Hymn,” and the struggling to be free, in turn to Hungarians whole affair is pleasant to think about in our and Italians and American slaves ; when these time of mourning. conflicts had faded into the past, she gave her The feeling that a noble life has been fully self with equally unstinted devotion to the less rounded out enables us to accept with something spectacular causes of prison reform and woman's like equanimity the loss of such a writer as Mrs. suffrage and the peace movement. She once Howe. But the loss of such a man as Mr. Moody summed up her career in these modest words : is well-nigh intolerable. He had given us only “ I have written one poem which, although composed ten years of creative work, and should have been in the stress and strain of civil war, is now sung South good for twenty or thirty in addition. More- and North by the champions of free government. I have over, his work was of such quality that it had been accounted worthy to listen and to speak at the Boston Radical Club and at the Concord School of already made him the foremost figure among our Philosophy. Lastly and chiefly I have had the honor of younger poets — the most remarkable appear- pleading for the slave when he was a slave, of helping ance in the American literature of the twentieth to initiate the woman's movement in many states of the century. He alone, or almost alone, spoke in Union, and of standing with the illustrious champions of our time with the authentic accent of the great justice and freedom for woman's suffrage when to do so was a thankless office, involving public ridicule and elder singers, and brought back into poetry the private avoidance." high seriousness and lofty utterance of the mas- Perhaps there is no more significant single fact ters. That such a force should cease, that such in her biography than that she was the only for the most poignant regret. It is hard to an inspiration should thus untimely fail, is cause woman elected to membership in the National Institute of Arts and Letters. become reconciled to an ordering of human affairs that frustrates such endeavor as was his, Of Mrs. Howe the poet, it seems to be fated and dashes such hopes as were ours in the pres- that she should be remembered almost solely as ence of so fair a promise. the author of a single piece. This sort of memory, desirable but inadequate, is hers by He was born in a small Indiana town in 1869, The story of Mr. Moody's life is briefly told. virtue of “The Battle Hymn of the Republic, was graduated from Harvard in 1893, was for which is undoubtedly one of the noblest lyrics of our Civil War. But she wrote other verse a time an instructor at Cambridge, and was then called to the University of Chicago. There he to the extent of several volumes, and in them did active work until 1907, afterwards retain- the judicious may discover treasure-trove worthy ing only a nominal connection with the institu- to be contained in the casket that holds the one tion. Happily married a little more than a famous poem. She was also the author of a number of dramas and much miscellaneous prose, year ago, he was soon thereafter attacked by the insidious malady that was to prove fatal, and from her contributions to the early volumes of the closing chapter of his life was a record of “ The Atlantic Monthly,” to her “ Reminis- efforts and wanderings in the vain pursuit of cences,” published late in life. She came into health. It was a desperate fight for life, and contact with great numbers of people, both here and abroad, through her activity as a preacher it ended a fortnight ago in Colorado. The decade of Mr. Moody's literary produc- in Unitarian pulpits and as an occupant of the tiveness has enriched our literature with two lecture platform. Her last appearance in public was only a few days before her death, when superb poems in dramatic form, “ The Masque Smith College honored her with its highest of Judgment” and “ The Fire-Bringer," with Smith College honored her with its highest two prose dramas written for the actual stage, degree, bestowed upon her with the following “ The Great Divide” (at first called “The words: Sabine Woman ”) and “The Faith Healer,” “ Julia Ward Howe, poet and patriot, lover of letters and with a volume of “ Poems” that contains and learning, advocate for over half a century, in print and living speech, of great causes of human liberty, one of the noblest odes in the English language, sincere friend of all that makes for the elevation and and a number of lyrics that will henceforth be enrichment of womanhood; who having in former years included in every "golden treasury” of English *read a fiery gospel, writ in burnished rows of steel,' poetry. To the journeyman work of literature quickened in the nation the imperishable faith in the triumph of beneficent right and the ardor of sacrifice he contributed an essay on Milton, introductory for its winning; to whom now in her serene, gracious, to the “ Cambridge edition of the poet, and and venerated age we offer felicitation and pay grateful a text-book of English literature (written in homage.” collaboration with Mr. R. M. Lovett) for the And when the ceremony was ended, the whole use of schools. This is the sum total of Mr. 1910.] 319 THE DIAL 66 Moody's work, except for a few uncollected “ The cup of trembling shall be drainèd quite, periodical writings, and whatever manuscripts Eaten the sour bread of astonishment,” he may have left behind him. when Of this work, the immortal part will be found With ashes of the hearth shall be made white in the verse rather than the prose. " The Great Our heads, and wailing shall be in the tent,” Divide ” made an astonishing success upon the it will be gratifying to turn to this poem, and stage, and is the one production by which the to realize that in our blackest hour genuine author became known to the general public. It Americanism found one voice equal to the task is a fine play, one of the best produced in our of expressing all the passionate indignation time; but a scale of absolute values must reckon aroused in patriotic breasts by the misstep that it comparatively unimportant by the side of turned our faces from the shining mountain “ The Masque of Judgment” and “ The Fire upon which our old ideals were set, and left us Bringer.” These two poems were planned to battening upon a pestilential moor. constitute (together with an unwritten third) a trilogy of human destiny, and the deepest of our present sorrows is that he could not have lived to complete the work. The wonder of ORIGINALITY IN LITERATURE. these poems is that with a mythological or fan- tastic framework, and with a beauty of expres- James Payn, the novelist, told the story of an sion now wistful and now sublime, challenging literature was contained in Pindar. “What!” asked old English scholar who insisted that all modern comparison with the measures of Milton and Mr. Payn, "you don't mean to say that Browning's Shelley, suggesting even in their largeness of Ring and the Book,' is in Pindar ?” “Yes,” said conception the world-poems of " The Divine the scholar, “ in the highest and truest sense; the Comedy” and “ Faust,” they are neither imita-Ring and the Book’ is implicit in Pindar.” tive studies nor antiquarian revivals, but are Without going as far as this, it may be asserted fairly throbbing with the vital issues of the that real originality is a very rare bird. It is not modern consciousness. The reader who does a question of the invention or discovery of new not feel this to be their essential characteristic material. The first part of “Faust” is a patchwork will peruse them in vain. them in vain. No American poet, borrowed, or stolen from various sources. Yet it is of plagiarisms. Almost everything in it is begged, old or young, has penned finer lines than those the most original master-work of modern times. of this apostrophe to mankind : Nor is originality a question of who wrote the first “ () Dreamer! O Desirer! Goer down play or novel, or who heralded romanticism or Unto untravelled seas in untried ships! O crusher of the unimagined grape realism. There have probably always been plays On unconceived lips! and novels; the ancients had their romanticists and O player upon a lordly instrument realists. Æschylus was banished from Athens as No man or god hath had in mind to invent; a revolutionary, as irreverent to the gods; and wise O cunning how to shape heads wagged over Euripides' new notions and his Effulgent Heaven and scoop out bitter Hell break with tradition. Aristophanes and Plautus From the little shine and saltness of a tear; and Petronius plunged as deep into realism as any Sieger and harrier modern. Beyond the moon, of thine own builded town, Each morning won, each eve impregnable, Nor is this thing originality a matter of literary Each noon evanished sheer!” superiority or inferiority. Many writers are great For certain of the poems who are not original, and others have a kind of - such as “Glou- originality who are doubtful in their greatness. cester Moors," “A Grey Day,” and “At Milton and Keats and Tennyson are in the first Assisi ” one must reserve a peculiar tender-class, and Blake and Browning in the second. ness of affection; but the great feature of the Gray and Arnold and FitzGerald can hardly be volume is that “ Ode in Time of Hesitation” called original poets at all; but how great they are! which scourges as with scorpions the recreant Nor does the advocacy of isms and causes and America of our wanton Spanish war and our movements, all warranted brand-new by their Philippine conquest, and our shameless repu- makers, constitute originality. Pretty much all that diation, by the dark deeds done a decade ago, can affect mankind has been threshed out again and of the sacred principles upon which the Republic again. There have been Schillers and Shelleys in was founded. In some fairer time to come, every age. “I have known twenty leaders of revolt,” says the old Cardinal in Browning's play. Nor do when we shall have rehabilitated our national new views of morality, pronouncements of independ- character by what restitution and atonement ence, make for originality. Moses may break the are yet possible, when tablets of the law, but they always come together 320 [Nov. 1, THE DIAL There are, again, -- as Milton's angels, divided by sword or and goodness of the world, or else he has retired cannon shot, reunite. in disenchanted disgust into the fortress of his own Not even temperament and personality, and the soul which he furnishes with visions to console him manner of looking at things and the style and way for the disappointments of outward fate. In either of work arising from them, are sure breeders of case he has produced a new world, an orb within originality, though they come nearest of all to being the earth. Only in the Nausicaa scenes in Homer, so. Human nature is cast in types, and it is doubt or in Kalidasa's Shakuntala, had there been a touch ful if there are as many distinct varieties as there of the same creation. “The Tempest,” “ Midsum- are letters of the alphabet. Of course, as there are mer Night's Dream,” “Twelfth Night," “As You no two leaves in a forest exactly alike, there are Like It,” “Merchant of Venice, “ Much Ado minor differences in men and women; and it is to about Nothing," “Cymbeline,” “The Winter's these that literature owes its variety and inexhaust Tale," — what is there in all literature to compete ibleness. But they are hardly distinct enough to with this complete and perfect world of ideal beauty constitute complete originality. Milton reproduced Milton reproduced and magnificence? Æschylus and Dante; Goethe repeats Menander The effect of this magical creation has been over- and Horace and Hafiz. whelming. Poets and novelists in crowds have The truest originality is perhaps what is called in followed the shining Shakespearian track. Scott, biology a sport — a variation by which life develops who decanted Shakespeare into his own bottles, in an unexpected direction. Or it is as if a new Goethe, Hugo in his plays, Musset, Tennyson, and powerful element were suddenly introduced into how much of all that is distinguished and delightful the world, making all the other elements change in modern literature bears the impress of Shake their relations, producing strange and spectacular speare's work. In particular, the latter may almost reactions. In literature it produces something which be said to have created woman, or, rather, he is not in Pindar, something which, while not greater interposed between the eyes of men and the real, than the stock work of the world, is novel and charm- faulty, though still interesting creature, the splendid ing, and possesses a power to compel men to follow or poignant visions of his perfect mates of men. after it. Of this kind of originality it seems to me And ever since, men have been falling in love with there are three great examples in English literature: his creations or those propagated by his followers the Shakespearian comedy, Sterne's “Tristram by cuttings from the plays. Women know very well Shandy,” and Coleridge's best poems, the four that there is no such being as the Shakespearian great pieces on which his fame rests. woman. The girls of Jane Austen are the keenest of course, many other lesser exhibitions of this and cleverest satire on their sex. quality - Burns's and Shelley's poetry, the essays Sterne's originality certainly does not exist in of Hazlitt, the Brontë novels, to name a few. None his materials. The germ idea of his work comes of these, however, are as unique and powerful in from the Martinus Scriblerus of Pope, Swift, and their action as those I have first named. Arbuthnot. The two central characters have more In tragedy, in tragic poetry, Shakespeare must than a reflection of Don Quixote and his Squire. take his chances with a half-dozen other poets. He Sterne imitated Rabelais and other French humorists. is certainly not greater here than the author of the Yet when all was done the work was revealed as Book of Job, or Homer, or Æschylus, or Dante. startlingly original. It almost deserves Mark He does the same kind of work that these do, in Pattison's praise of it as the most perfect piece of much the same way, and to the same effect. And pure humor in the world. Its effect in English this kind of work doubtless the most important literature has been diffusive rather than concen- that man has ever done. An attempt has been trated. Most later humorists have had a Shandean made recently in America to displace these master touch; but few have been full initiates. The author minds of the world — whose works include ethics of “The Bible in Spain ” and our own Godfrey as they include all other human interests — in favor Leland are of the number. Carlyle, however, con- of the professed moralists and ethical writers. This centrates and reinforces his master. “ Sartor is very much as if we should thrust aside the great Resartus,” which shook the world two generations painters—the Angelos, the Titians, the Rembrandts, ago, is Sterne to the backbone. Bulwer trans- who have painted us the picture of all life—and mogrified “Tristram ” into a conventional but still set up in their places the industrious artisans who excellent novel. In Germany, Sterne's influence has have drawn us our maps. been deeper. Goethe unquestionably felt it power- Even in “Hamlet,” where Shakespeare's tragedy fully. Jean Paul is a very German Sterne. And seems most novel, and in which his influence has Heine, both in prose and verse, is Sterne tricked been so great as almost to shadow the modern out for pantomime and setting off rockets with both world, he has been anticipated. Prometheus and hands. To the French, Sterne has always been a Orestes are ancient prototypes of that character, and sort of religion, though they have leaned to the perhaps Don Quixote has carried it to a higher power. apocrypha of “The Sentimental Journey” rather But Shakespeare's comedies are things apart. than to the true canonical books. More recently, In them a dreamer is either looking forward with Flaubert, in his last and perhaps greatest work, and eager eyes, over-estimating the beauty and splendor | M. Anatole France, have disclosed the real Sterne. 1910.) 321 THE DIAL of Coleridge's poetry is the most absolutely original after him, which presses near him to discern his thing in English literature. Shakespeare in his secret. It is really not truth that he deals in, but comedy took his raw materials from Lodge and enchantment. Greene and Lyly, and from the Italian novelists. “ Weave a circle round him thrice, But except some hints from old English ballads, or And close your eyes with holy dread, from German works on Demonology and Witch- For he on honey-dew hath fed, And drunk the milk of Paradise." craft, Coleridge's great pieces • The Ancient Mariner,” “Christabel," " Kubla Khan,” and “Gen- CHARLES LEONARD MOORE. evieve" are without parentage, celestial estrays, as it were, descended in a dream. In conception, tone, phrase, music, they are flawless. Language obtains in them to a simple perfection beyond the CASUAL COMMENT. reach of conscious art. That they have nothing to THE DISPERSAL OF A GREAT LIBRARY will occur do with life as it is lived, that they are further in February next, when the collection of the late removed from the world of prose than even Shake Robert Hoe will be sold by the Anderson Auction speare's comedy, is no fault, rather it makes them Company in New York City. The Hoe library is full examples of what we dimly discern to be ideal said to be not only the largest private library in poetry. existence, but probably the largest and most valu- And the influence of these poems has been com able ever collected by a private citizen. Its estimated mensurate with their worth. Before “Christabel” value is $1,500,000. Robert Hoe was born in New was published, it was imitated by Scott, Byron, and York in 1839, and lived to the age of seventy, dying Shelley. A good part of Keats is pure Coleridge. last year in London after a long and successful “ La Belle Dame Sans Merci” is almost as good as business career as a printing-press manufacturer and “ Genevieve," but it is palpably an imitation. The inventor. When only nineteen years age he be- fragment of “ The Eve of St. Mark ” is a milder came interested in the history and development of “Christabel.” “ The Eve of St. Agnes” is drenched printing, and at that early age began to buy books with Coleridge's glamor and color. Keats is indeed on the subject, constantly improving his library by the unrivalled mocking-bird of literature. He could substituting better copies than those already in his take anyone's note - Shakespeare's, Milton's, Dry- possession. Shortly before his death Mr. Hoe issued den's, Collins's, Chatterton's and return it back the final volume of his Library Catalogue. This is with the truest ring, yet embellished with variations now complete in fifteen octavo volumes, and de- which make the strain his own. scribes 6,993 titles of English literature; 6,574 More recently, Tennyson, Poe, Rossetti, and many titles of books printed in foreign languages, includ- others, have continued the Coleridgean tradition. ing his marvellous collection of Incunabula, crowned As a long-time champion of Poe, I will not be sus by a copy of that great treasure, the first book pected of depreciating his originality. In comparison printed with movable types, the Bible on vellum, with other American writers, or even his English issued from Gutenberg's press at Moguntia be- contemporaries, he is an explorer and a discoverer. tween 1450 and 1455; also a list of Books of But his relations to Coleridge are those of a pupil to Emblems of 463 titles. The collection includes the a master. He is more vigorous and versatile. He finest copy in existence of Higden's“Polychronicon," left fifty masterpieces where Coleridge left but four. | printed by Caxton in 1482, a perfect copy of He is more profound in his appeal to human passions | Malory's “Morte d’Arthur” in the Caxton edition of and emotions — more Æschylean in his handling. 1485, and Gower's "Confessio Amantis” of 1483. But the fact remains that his work is inconceivable There are also many examples of the earliest presses without the previous existence of that of Coleridge, of Germany, Italy, France, and England, Books of and he never quite matched his teacher in loveliness, Hours, Aldines and Elzevirs, thousands of volumes magic, or thrilling awe. devoted to the literature of France, many examples It is obvious, I think, that originality is not a of early English literature, particularly of the Eliza- prime literary requisite. Everything is in Pindar bethan period, including Shakespeare folios, the which is really necessary for us, — love of the gods, splendid Chaucer Collection, the Kilmarnock Burns of country and of home, heroism, disdain of death with an inserted letter, Queen Elizabeth's own copy or meanness, activity of mind and body. The great of the Prayer Book, such rare Americana as all and permanent works of mankind are too true to three Latin editions of Columbus's first letter, all be very new. Everything over is in the nature of printed in 1493, Denton's New York (1670) in a luxury : something outside of our staple diet. perfect condition uncut, Eden's “ Decades,” and a We do not boast of having soup and roast beef and little pamphlet of four leaves from the press of bread for dinner, though there is nothing better; Stephen Daye “in Cambridge in New England” of if we get terrapin and ptarmigan and rare Madeira the “Proceedings betwixt the English and the we may be betrayed into enthusiasm. Narrow gansets" (1645). At the time of his death The writer who has this gift of originality is Mr. Hoe was preparing a catalogue of his illumin- more followed than any other. He bears a branch ated and other manuscripts on vellum and paper, of of holly in his hands which draws the crowd which he has over 130 single titles, the most im- 322 (Nov. 1, THE DIAL portant of which is doubtless an English manuscript comparative success of one-author and two-author of the fifteenth century called “The Pembroke novels. Is there a single first-rate novel of double Hours," written for William Herbert, first Earl of authorship? Pembroke, about 1440. THE SEASON'S PROSPECTS IN THE BOOK BUSINESS interest others beside booksellers. Promise of a THE ADVENT OF THE COLLEGE-BRED JOURNALIST was hailed with scoffs and jeers in certain quarters, ing indication that the cause of civilization is not a brisk demand for good reading is always a gratify. Scott, in charge of the courses leading to journalism losing one ; and it is pleasant to learn from London, at the University of Illinois, has some interesting language, as well as for some other commodities, the great centre of trade for books printed in our nalism ” in a late number of “The Independent." that there is every likelihood of a record-breaking “Twenty-five or thirty years ago," he writes, “a season in the production and dispensing of literature. college training was a handicap to the young man At any rate, publishers’autumn announcements were applying for a job as reporter. A Yale graduate, never superior in quantity, while as to quality they now the oldest reporter on a great Chicago daily, certainly inspire hope of many good things to be secured his present job, he asserts, only by conceal- forthcoming. So much in the way of supply implies ing the blot on his educational ’scutcheon. He was confidence in the demand. “A market for products the only college man in the reporters' room then; is products in market,” as that famous political now there are but two in the room who are not col. economist and free-trader, Professor Perry of lege men, and neither of those is the city editor." Williams College, used to teach his classes. That Encouraging has been the recent growth of “intel- purchasers will not be lacking when the goods are ligent public interest in the press as an institution displayed, is to be hoped, and, for certain reasons, to Journalism has long been a profession that everyone be predicted. Our material prosperity leaves not out of it could improve if he were in it, and every- a very great deal to be desired at least among one in it could improve if he did not have to stay in the book-reading classes; and after the inevitable it.” It has been not inaptly said that the chief use Christmas purchases of jewelry and motor-cars and of a college education in general is to prove to the similar toys and knickknacks have been made, there college man how short à distance his academic ought to be a handsome surplus left for the things training will carry him in the great outside world. of the intellectual life—including, first and fore- Probably even the best of schools of journalism turn most, books and plenty of them. out graduates who will learn, with the sadness that SPECIALIZING IN LIBRARIES is very sure to in. often accompanies an access of wisdom, that they crease with the increasing spread of printed matter do not yet "know it all,” or even the quarter part over all departments of human interest and activity. of it.. The professions and the trades have each its con- THE PARTNERSHIP NOVEL, or work of fiction exe- siderable and ever-growing volume of technical lit- cuted by two collaborating writers, such as Mr. and erature, and the time will come, if it be not already Mrs. Egerton Castle and Mr. and Mrs. C. N. here, when few libraries for the general public can Williamson are now abundantly producing, and undertake to meet the demand for books and peri- such as Messrs. Besant and Rice and Messrs. Erck- odicals of this special character. This matter, in mann and Chatrian used to favor us with, must some of its bearings at least, will come under dis- always seem to some readers less satisfying, less cussion at the meeting of the Special Libraries “convincing,” than the work of literary art con Association to be held in the Boston Chamber of ceived by one mind in a moment of inspiration, and Commerce on the 11th of November. Other sub- finished by one hand ere the flush of that first jects announced for treatment by various speakers enthusiasm has faded from the cheek. The appear- are, “ The Chamber of Commerce Library and the ance of two authors' names on a novel's title-page Facilities it Affords,” “The Statistical Department is a virtual confession that the plot has been labor of the Boston Public Library and What it Offers iously pieced together by two workmen in consul- the Business Man,” “The Earning Power of tation, that each chapter has been deliberately as Libraries,” and the question of Boston's need of a signed to this or that one of the literary firm, that business and professional men's branch to its public the fate of each character has been wordily dis- library. Various special and business libraries in cussed and finally determined, and that after the Boston will be visited by the attending members patchwork has at last been completed a finishing between the afternoon and the evening sessions. hand has had to go over it all to pull out the bast- ing threads and fell the seams. Such work must RAW MATERIAL FOR ROMANCE presents itself on lack unity and homogeneity. What lover of Steven every side to the eye trained in discovering it. A son has ever thoroughly enjoyed the stories he wrote choice bit of such material, containing fine possi- in collaboration with his stepson? A recent literary bilities for the novelist or the playwright, is now letter from London suggests that an interesting book waiting to be converted into the finished product. might be written about literary partnerships. An A few weeks ago there was married in Washington instructive inquiry might indeed be made into the a couple who separated within an hour of their nup- 1910.) 323 THE DIAL tials, presumably intending never to meet again. COMMUNICATIONS. Miss Eugenie Sauer, of Vienna, found herself heiress to a fortune left her by an old uncle in her native THE “JOURNALIZ SHORT STORY” AGAIN. land, but with a strange proviso attached to the (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) legacy. Only by becoming a wife within forty-eight Perhaps “journalized” is as convenient a label as any hours of receiving word of her inheritance could she for ticketing the brand of short fiction which fills the hope to become its actual possessor. Being without pages of American periodicals and evidently harrows any particular matrimonial intentions, the thrifty the soul of your correspondent in your issue of October 1. heiress advertised for a temporary husband, offering My own soul, it seems, or at least that portion of it two hundred dollars for his services at the altar in which is concerned with its inheritance of letters, — is made of less friable stuff; for not a scratch mars its the capacity of a bridegroom, and stipulating that he should desert her immediately after the wedding. cheerful surface, despite the fact that I agree with him in regarding the bulk of the short stories published to- A man (if such he be worthy of being called) was day as wholly undistinguished. selected from the large number of those who an Undistinguished: is n't that a word which goes to the swered the advertisement, and as soon as the mock root of the matter? For, after all, the trouble is con- marriage was performed he abandoned the woman stitutional rather than local. A story, long or short, whom he had just promised to love and cherish until may be as sensational as you please, may fairly drip death should part the two. But as he had previously with smeared-on color, or be a hurly-burly of incident, promised to break this latter promise, possibly a to the exclusion of characterization and atmosphere, and casuist could make out something of a case in his still hold a kernel of literary (which in the end means defense, and also in hers. At any rate, here is ma- only lasting) worth. Dumas, Dickens, Kipling, Field- ing, Charles Reade, Wilkie Collins,—there's a plentiful terial for a new romance under the old title, “ Maid, array of men whose personal attractiveness makes their Wife, or Widow?” faults seem of small account. But when a story has no THE GROWING MARKET FOR READING-MATTER personality at all, is simply one more yard cut off the bolt one need not call it all literature—ought to be encour- and hemmed (a fair description of our current fiction), aging to the large class of those who earn their liv- its fate is sealed, whether or no it violate the canons. ing by plying the pen or pounding the type-writer. But why get excited over that? The mass of all the Note the new and cheap illustrated magazines con- stuff that blackened good white paper since What-ever- his-name-was stumbled on the seductive art of printing, tinually springing into being; and although many has been equally undistinguished. Shall we therefore of them soon subside again into non-being, the total devote ourselves to lamenting the artistic sterility of result is an astonishing increase in the number of our times ? What a set of lamentful Jeremiahs that periodicals clamoring, not so very unsuccessfully, would make of us ! for popular patronage. The modern news-stand, And why blame the good newspaper men who have with its polychromatic display of interest-compelling gone to making magazines ? To be sure, they also make magazines, is a very different thing from the news- a wider market than ever was before for the stuff we are stand of fifty or even twenty-five years ago. And talking of. But what is the connection between them and the dearth of literature? Literature has never been material, more or less literary, has to be found to dependent on magazines to get itself printed. It always fill all these competing publications, which have manages to stagger through to the light somehow, and learned to rely with considerable confidence on the soon or late people learn of it. So, if a man comes in pecuniary support of the advertiser to keep them our day with something really worth while to say and selves afloat. By a beautiful interplay of differing the everlasting knack of saying it, he'll manage to get interests, the safety-razor and the cigarette help to it out without help or hindrance of all the editors circulate the poem and the love-story; and while between here and the ultimate bourne of editors. That commerce thus generously subsidizes dubious liter- will be literature. ature, an additional subsidy is granted by the gov- And while we are waiting for him — if we have ernment in the cheap rates of postage for all period nothing else to do -- surely we may amuse ourselves with reading rattling good yarns; and no one, so far as icals, circulating between Maine and California, I can see, will be the worse for it, while publisher and between Canada and Mexico, and even to the dis- writer will be the better off by our dimes. tant islands of the East. It is no wonder that That, dear Mr. Editor, is my feeling about the foreigners envy us our vast literary market. condition of which your correspondent speaks. I wish I had leisure and you had patience for a little closer analysis of his position. For he seems to me to The first number of a new monthly periodical called exhibit both the excellences and the defects of the “ The Crisis,” planned as an organ of the National academic spirit,—an admirable keeper of what is already Association for the Advancement of Colored People, proved to be good, but a somewhat stolid listener to will appear from New York early this month. The unidentified applicants for approval, tending to judge periodical will be edited by Dr. W. E. Burghardt Du them by very rigid standards. Witness the hushed Bois, and associated with him in the conduct of the tones in which he speaks of certain stuff as “ literary”; magazine will be the following persons: Mr. Oswald the placid assurance with which he sets down the writ- Garrison Villard, Mr. Charles Edward Russell, Dr. ing of short narrative as “an art which should be deli- Kelley Miller, Mr. G. Max Barber, Mrs. Dunlop cate and graceful, though strong" (how Meredith would Maclean, and Mr. William Stanley Braithwaite. have snapped a phrase and a notion like that at the end 324 [Nov. 1, THE DIAL of his whip-lash !), and his assumption that things liter effect that the doctor's dissertation makes no claim to ary and things journalistic can be sharply set apart by be literature. It is not written for public consumption. the mere act of defining them. As if Homer were not, It is printed and published (or ought to be) that its con- in purpose at least, as much war-correspondent as poet! tents may not escape the criticism, not of men-of-letters, RowLAND THOMAS. but of experts in the field which the thesis covers. Sunnyslope, Millbrook, Mass., October 22, 1910. Except for the needs of these specialists, the whole importance of the thesis lies not in its interest to those who read it, but in what has gone before, in the produc- MAKING HISTORY INTERESTING. tion of it. It should stand as witness of the fact that, (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) for at least once in his life, the student has left the To the pleading of Dr. Crothers and Professor Trent beaten track and worked in the fields with the raw stuff. that “ History should be interesting,” Professor Charles He is very fortunate indeed if he succeeds in making Woodward Hutson adds, in THE DIAL for October 1, some important contribution to knowledge; but success the advice that modern students of history should go in this respect is not the raison d'être of his work. It is back for their model to Macaulay, whose vastness of not the result, but the methods, not the gift to the world, knowledge was happily combined with a wonderful but the discipline of the man, which is the end in view. style and with the ability to give us “a sense of con Having given utterance to this literary heterodoxy, tinuity that assures us of our being a part of the Divine we are glad to revise the statement somewhat. It is Plan.” Incidentally, Professor Hutson takes a shot at neither desirable nor necessary that a man should spend our modern doctors’ theses, and the misguided unfortu his life in writing dissertations; the production of theses nates who perpetrate them. is not all the work of historical students. The scientific In the minds of those who present this point of view method once established (our apologies to Professor there seems to us to lie a serious misapprehension. The Hutson for the use of the term !) the writer of History men of letters seem to have a lurking suspicion that the should not forget the art of literature. The implication historical workers have formed a Union for the Promo- of Professor Hutson and others is not, we think, quite tion of Uninteresting English. This is really not the fair. Macaulays, like other great artists, are not born case: we do not know of a single uninteresting writer every day. But here in the United States at the pre- of history who would not like to write as Macaulay sent time the feeling that attention to form is necessary wrote, if he could. But, unfortunately, this is not a to good work is on the increase; and not only in the matter of will, but a matter of genius; and if the younger larger histories like those of Channing or Rhodes, but generation of American students of history were to try in single volumes like some in the “ American Nation" literally to copy Macaulay's style, the result would be series, there is much historical writing that is as good the same as that which Professor Hutson tells of in the literature as any other American prose. If this is so, case of imitators who immediately succeeded the mas surely it will be better to let our history writing pursue ter, who “ made that facile, forcible, uncompromising its own native development, without a forced return to style a disgust to many." the methods of that master of literature to whose his- Leaving out the question of personal endowments, torical work, magnificent as it is, the beginner must be however, we agree with Professor Hutson that much directed with words of warning. It is true, as Professor historical work is expressed in unnecessarily bad English. Hutson remarks, that no man can escape the influence But does this indictment lie against writers of history of his own bias or attain absolute impartiality. But he only? or is the criticism to be applied to all forms of can wish to do so, and learn how to approximate to this be called learned writing? In this matter of end. To accomplish this is the effort of the “ scientific" style, are doctors' theses in English much superior to student of history. He strives to make his work inter- those in history? We have heard of one, at least, esting if possible,— but at all events to tell the truth. accepted by a leading university, which is nothing more St. GEORGE L. SIOUSSAT. or less than a catalogue of books; a compilation which University of the South, Sewanee, Tenn., Oct. 19, 1910, does not give much opportunity for the divine style of Macaulay. So perhaps it is the doctoral dissertation, THE RETURN TO MACAULAY. and not history, that is at fault. If this is so, is it a (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) necessary evil? By all means let us have a return to the “ spirit and The fact that some theses are much better written methods of Macaulay,”—provided that the aspiring his- than others, and that the dissertations of the French, torian has also the equipment and genius of Macaulay. for example, show a commendable degree of form with But that the earnest, truth-seeking historian of to-day out deficiencies in scholarship, would seem to afford should withhold his pen until so skilled in “ variety of room for the hope that, with better school and college statement,” “art in emphasis,” “illuminating allusive- instruction in English, the careless and inaccurate writing ness," etc., as to make his history “more entertaining of the average graduate student may improve. But we than most novels,” would be to defer indefinitely the doubt whether even a great improvement in this respect exposition of much important historic truth. And, indeed, would meet the criticisms of Professor Hutson and those modern historical writing is not all deadly; much of it who share his views. They have a grievance against is both readable and scholarly. Present-day investiga- the modern-trained student of history which goes deeper tors doubtless envy the fluency and eloquence of the than mere split infinitives or incorrect paragraphing. great poet and essayist; yet truth and accuracy must The fundamental difference in view-point may, we come first with real lovers of history. Absolute impar- think, be expressed somewhat as follows: tiality may not be possible, since no historian can wholly Our critics insist upon regarding the doctor's disser escape his environment; but it can be honestly aimed at tation as something which, intending to be literature, and conscious partisanship avoided. fails through negligence and lack of literary ideals. EPHRAIM DOUGLASS ADAMS. The historical students, however, would reply to the Stanford University, California, October 20, 1910. what may 1910.] 325 THE DIAL And as man. that has saved this country from the fanaticism of The New Books. slavery. It was fire fighting fire. And the fire of heaven is prevailing over that of hell.” (Orations and AN ILLUSTRIOUS FANATIC.* Addresses, Vol. I., p. 146.) It is a rare gift to be able duly to appreciate sympathetic swing of the pendulum as to make Some, however, were carried so far by the the fanatic. The sober thinker can never adopt it impossible for them to admit the truth of his methods in practice or approve them in certain facts in Brown's anti-slavery career theory, however noble and useful the end in view may have been. Absorbed in his ruling estimate of his character and work. which are absolutely necessary to any final purpose, the fanatic either has never developed the power of logical reasoning or has thrust it public opinion in the North has been largely aside as an encumbrance upon his freedom of colored by some of these very men, there was action. His moral and intellectual compass thus a real need for such a re-hearing of the entire out of sight, it is not strange that in his efforts case as this thoroughgoing biography by Mr. Villard has made available to every reading to get at his goal at any cost he is occasionally found in paths which, to the observer who does To come at once to the important char- acteristic of the author's work, he not thoroughly understand him, seem to classify presents and him with the fool or the knave. Either as one accepts satisfactory evidence that Brown was or both, John Brown, the anti-slavery fanatic, directly and knowingly responsible for the notorious murders on Pottawatomie Creek, in was honestly regarded by hundreds of thousands of his fellow-citizens, when the Harper's Ferry that he intentionally made statements of such a Kansas, on the night of May 24–25, 1856 ; catastrophe brought his career so vividly into the consciousness of the American people in the nature as to lead his friends to disbelieve and autumn of 1859. And at the expiration of deny that responsibility, thus misleading public fifty years one will not go far to find critics who opinion ; that he sanctioned and aided in the still refuse to assign to John Brown any posi- carrying off of horses and other private property tion of utility or honor in the great work of belonging to pro-slavery men, in Kansas and redeeming America from the crime of human Missouri, under such circumstances and in such a manner that his action must be branded as slavery. In 1859,opinion was so generally adverse that James Russell Lowell, as editor of “The indefensible under any consistent code of moral Atlantic,” felt obliged to write to Colonel principles; that in private business relations he Higginson, “ Editorially I am a little afraid of was occasionally lacking in that frankness and Brown, and Tickner would be more so." The straightforwardness usually considered essential Civil War, of course, turned many to the side to any high standard of honor; and that he of Brown from motives of passionate partisan- showed a surprising lack of ordinary judgment as to the relation of means to end in ship for anything aimed against the tyranny of many his enterprises, and preëminently so in the slavery, and led some to a really sympathetic comprehension of his true position. We take Harper's Ferry affair, which brought his earthly the following paragraph from an address of career to such a tragic termination. And yet, George William Curtis, delivered more than fifty and estimated at their full weight, Mr. Villard with all these forbidding facts duly accepted times, and to large and sympathetic audiences, during 1864 and 1865 : sees and convinces the reader that the real John Brown was neither knave nor fool, but one of • The two most illustrious fanatics in our history were John C. Calhoun and old John Brown. They re- the great moral forces of human history, always presented the inevitable tendencies of American civili-consciously striving for a great moral end, even zation. One died in his bed, honored and deplored as in those misguided actions that tended to deprive a great statesman. The other was hung upon a gallows, the anti-slavery cause of moral advantage which derided as a fanatic. The statesman struggles with his last strength to keep millions of human beings degraded. it might otherwise have possessed. To have The felon stoops beneath the gallows, and, tenderly brought out the real greatness of Brown, with lifting a child of the degraded race, kisses her in the no attempt at evasion or denial of such facts in soft winter sun. Peace! Peace! History and the his life as sound moral judgment must inevitably human heart will judge between them. condemn, is an achievement for the successful bodies lie mouldering in the grave; whose soul is marching on? It was the fanaticism of abolitionism accomplishment of which the author deserves the highest credit. Great moral harm has been * John Brown. A Biography Fifty Years After. By Oswald Garrison Villard, A.M., Litt.D. Illustrated. Boston: done, and is being done to-day, by the too easy Houghton Mifflin Co. assumption that deeds which nobody would of Both their 326 (Nov. 1, THE DIAL vey to him. excuse in an ordinary man are allowable when of Colonel Preston's words and strike down the destroy- done by one who can impress himself upon the ing tyranny of slavery, to free Virginia from the most imagination as acting under some great moral hateful of self-imposed bonds. As the troops now impulse. The value of such a book as Mr. solemnly tramped away, with all decorum and without any demonstrations, in far-off Albany they were firing Villard has written is that it brings the reader one hundred guns as the dirge of the martyr. And down to a realization of the inconsistencies and meanwhile, John Brown's soul was marching on, and contradictions which may mar the work even of all in the North who had a conscience and a heart knew that John A. Andrew voiced the truth when he de- the most single-minded laborer for the righting clared, " Whether the enterprise of John Brown and his of any great wrong, and impresses upon him the associates in Virginia was wise or foolish, right or wrong; crying need that trained intelligence and moral I only know that, whether the enterprise itself was the fervor shall go hand in hand in the amelioration one or the other, John Brown himself is right.'' of untoward conditions of human existence. On the day after the execution, George Hoadley We must commend also the unflagging zeal wrote to Salmon P. Chase: “ Poor old John in the search for materials which has character- Brown, God sanctify his death to our good, ized the preparation of this biography. Not and give us a little of his courage, piety, only have all available written sources been and self-sacrificing spirit, with more brains.” studied, but the country has been traversed from It was Brown's foresight of the tremendous Atlantic to Pacific, either by the author himself impression his death was to make upon the or by others working under his direction and heretofore slumbering consciences of countless at his expense, in order to secure personal inter thousands of his fellow-men that closed his ear views with Brown's still living relatives and irrevocably to the many suggestions of rescue associates and get whatever light they might be which earnest friends found the means to con- able to throw upon his character and career. With the sword of violence now How important it was that this should be done broken and useless at his feet, the truth dawned without further delay, is evident from the fact upon his mind too clearly to allow him to fling that the present writer has incidentally noticed away by cowardly escape the one weapon now newspaper accounts of the death of several of left to him — the sword of the spirit. Mr. Villard's book went to the press. The spiritual greatness of one whose hands were so stained desire and need for a copious presentation of with blood, whose judgment was ever so faulty, whose facts, especially upon such controverted points is battling against injustice and oppression, the Charles- public career was so brief. . . . And so, wherever there as the murders on the Pottawatomie, stood town gallows that became a cross will help men to live somewhat in the way of the most attractive and die. The story of John Brown will ever confront the literary presentation ; and yet no serious defect spirit of despotism, when men are struggling to throw on that score can be alleged against the volume. off the shackles of social or political or physical slavery.” Mr. Villard's English is always clear and effec- We are all acquainted with that type of biog- tive,- eloquent when the subject matter is of a raphy which hides every defect of a great man nature to inspire and justify eloquence, as in and unfolds to the eye of the reader a record so various parts of the last three chapters, in which flawless that its very perfection stamps it as the noble dignity of Brown after his capture, humanly impossible. And of late years we and the solemn scene of his execution, are finely know, too, the pseudo-biographer, too little in portrayed. If Brown's specific purposes had spirit and intellect to understand greatness when been hindered or brought to naught all along he sees it, who magnifies the petty flaws of a the way by the want of insight, the gift of clear great life until all its glory and usefulness are vision was surely bestowed upon him in double lost to view in the malarial fog of misrepresenta- measure at the end. As the blow of a hatchet As the blow of a hatchet tion thus stirred up. And fortunately for human in the sheriff's hand left his body dangling in progress based upon the study of human life as the air, the stillness was broken by the voice of it is, we have now and then a biographer who Colonel Preston, solemnly declaring, “ So perish can bring out the real greatness of a life in the all such enemies of Virginia! All such enemies only true way, by picturing to us faithfully all of the Union! All such foes of the human the difficulties with which that life had to con- race!” As Mr. Villard tells us : tend, within as well as without. Such a service “ It was said, without a shade of animosity, without John T. Morse did for us in his life of Lincoln ; a note of exultation; but the blind man was not he who and such a service Mr. Villard has now rendered swung from the rope above. For his eyes had seen, a decidedly more difficult task — in this life long before his light had failed, the coming of the blue- of John Brown. clad masses of the North who were to make a mockery W. H. JOHNSON. these witnesses within the short interval since Not often in history is there recorded such a rise to 1910.) 327 THE DIAL SO with the world. For two years he studied at THE STORY OF A DUAL PERSONALITY.* Glasgow University, and of course was especially “ Almost encumbered by the infinity of his drawn to English literature, then taught by perceptions," as Mrs. Mona Caird once said of Professor John Nichol, whose valued friendship him, William Sharp lived a life abounding in Sharp long afterward retained; but in 1874 he wealth of vivid experience, intensity of varied was placed by his father, with a view to ascer- sensation, splendor of glorious visions, unfailing taining where the young man's capabilities lay, cheer of high hopes, and actual achievement of in the law office of Messrs. Maclure and Han- things eminently worth while. Sufferings ney, of Glasgow, where he gave to his profes- enough, it is true, fell to his lot; but neverthe- sional studies only a languid attention as com- less, or perhaps for that very reason, he cher pared with his interest in those private literary ished throughout “a great sense of sunshine pursuits that he allowed to rob him of all but and boyish freshness,” an unfading joy in all four hours of what should have been his sleeping good things, a spirit ever ready for any adven time. Naturally he broke down under the ture, and a keen delight in the poetry and strain, and was sent to Australia to recuperate. romance of this our earthly pilgrimage, at the It was not long, however, before he was back end of which he, for his part, was ready to cry: in London, intent on making a way for himself “ Farewell to the known and exhausted, into the charmed world of letters, and greatly Welcome the unknown and illimitable !” encouraged in his undertaking by the generous Five years have passed since the death of him kindness and hearty appreciation of Rossetti. who for a decade and more had puzzled a large Before that friendly hand was extended to him part of the literary world with his assumption he had been well-nigh driven to despair by a of the pseudonym “ Fiona Macleod,” and his cruelly candid letter from Robert Buchanan, perpetration of an innocent Ossianic hoax by some of whose literary work had been en- which our literature became the gainer; and thusiastically admired by young Sharp now his widow, herself a poet and the collabor. sympathetically enjoyed, in fact, that he had ator with her husband in their “ Lyra Celtica,' felt prompted to send a few of his own poems has prepared a biography with the simple title to its author, asking for criticism and hoping “ William Sharp (Fiona Macleod): A Me for praise. Perhaps it was inevitable, at any moir.” The added words, “ Compiled by his rate it was characteristic of Buchanan, that he wife," indicate the large use she has made of should send back a harshly discouraging word his letters and diaries, as also of letters written to the young poet, whom he strongly urged to him. The gifted man, dual if not multiple not to dream of literature as a career. From in his personality, is made to tell his own life- the long and deep depression caused by that story, as far as possible, from its beginning on untactful letter, only the reiterated expressions the 12th of September 1855, at Paisley, to its of confidence and hope from her who afterward premature close on a wild December afternoon became his wife succeeded in arousing him. of 1905, in the mountains of Sicily. As it is the literary likings and dislikings It is the penalty of genius that it must, with of an author that throw the strongest light on much striving and stumbling, find itself before his own genius, and indicate the character of it can enjoy any measure of calm content. The his work, let us quote from Sharp's unstudied vicissitudes of William Sharp's restless youth words of praise lavished upon the poet Dante are very much what might have been expected Gabriel Rossetti in a letter to a friend. in his case. The regular walks of life, the emi- “I had a splendid evening last night, and Rossetti nently respectable and honorable pursuits and read a lot more of his latest work. Splendid as his callings of those around him, were none of them published work is, it is surpassed by what has yet to for him. Uncertain health and misunderstood be published. The more I look into and hear his poems the more I am struck with the incomparable power and aptitudes were the cause of many futilities and depth of his genius — his almost magical perfection and failures in his efforts to strike into the road mastery of language-his magnificent spiritual strength along which he was finally destined to journey. and subtlety. He read some things last night, lines in For some not too intelligible reason, he did not which almost took my breath away. No sonnet-writer even equip himself with a good education in in the past has equalled him, and it is almost inconceiv- able to imagine any one doing so in the future. His the fundamentals before beginning his battle influence is already deep and strong, but I believe in * WILLIAM SHARP (FIONA MACLEOD). A Memoir. Com- time to come he will be looked back to as we now look piled by his Wife, Elizabeth Sharp. Illustrated. New York: to Shakespeare, to Milton, and in one sense to Keats. Duffield & Co. I can find no language to express my admiration of his 328 [Nov. 1, THE DIAL supreme gifts, and it is with an almost painful ecstasy the federation ; but “ William Sharp's great that I receive from time to time fresh revelations of desire was that the Celtic spirit should be kept his intellectual, spiritual, and artistic splendour." alive, and be a moulding influence toward the This was written nearly thirty years ago, ere expression of the racial approach to and yearn- the fine flush of youth had begun to fade from ing after spiritual beauty, whether expressed in the writer's check; and it reminds one of Mr. Gaelic or in the English tongue. He knew that Hall Caine's expressions of passionate admira- there is a tendency, with the young of those tion for Rossetti, who to him also had played people in Scotland at least, to put aside the the part of cordial friend and helpful adviser. beautiful old thoughts, or at all events their Concerning Sharp's adoption of the pseu- outward expression, with the disuse of the older donym “Fiona Macleod," and the writings language which had clothed those thoughts; he signed therewith, an interesting chapter occurs feared that to put silence on them would be to at the opening of Part II. of this memoir. It lose them after a generation or two." But with was in 1893, while Mr. and Mrs. Sharp were the various little misunderstandings, and more in Rome for the spring months, that he “found or less heated discussions of questions relating the desired incentive toward a true expression to language and other details, we need not here of himself, in the stimulus and sympathetic further concern ourselves. The cause was a understanding of the friend to whom he dedi- worthy one, and Sharp was its vigorous sup- cated the first of the books published under his porter. pseudomym.” To this unnamed friend, whom Three visits to this country were made by he first met at that time, Sharp declared Sharp, and his biographer's account of them is he owed his development as “ Fiona Macleod,” of especial interest to us. His enjoyment of although in a sense, as he himself adds, that these new experiences, and his readiness to be had begun long before he knew her, and indeed pleased with the new friends and the new scenes, while he was still a child. But " without her are manifest in his letters. In one giving his there would have been no · Fiona Macleod.'” first impressions of New England he says : In a friendly letter to the mysterious Fiona, “ Boston is a beautiful place — an exceedingly fine Grant Allen gave expression to some criticism city with lovely environs. Prof. A. S. Hardy (Passe that may voice sentiments of others beside the Rose,' etc.) was most kind. . . Cambridge and Harvard writer. He says of “ Pharais,” which had been University are also very fine. I enjoyed seeing Long- sent to him by the author : fellow's house (Miss L. still occupies it), and those of Emerson, Lowell, etc. I spent brief visits to Prof. “ It is instinct with the dreamy Celtic genius, and Wright of Harvard, to Winsor the historian, etc. On seems to come to us straight from the Isles of the Sunday afternoon I drove with A. S. H. to Belmont in Dead. That shadowy Ossianic spirit, as of your misty Massachusetts, and spent the afternoon with Howells, the straits and your floating islands, reminds me exactly novelist. He was most interesting and genial.- I had of the outlook from the western mountains over the the best of welcomes from the Stedmans. They are summer-blue belted sea as I saw it once on an August kindness personified. The house is lovely, and full of morning at Oban. Too shadowy, sometimes, and too beautiful things and multitudes of books. I have already purely poetical, I fear, for your Saxon readers. But more invitations than I can accept: everyone is most the opening sentences are beautiful, and the nature- hospitable." studies and the sense of colour throughout are charming. Now, after so much praise, will you forgive a few ques- There is much else in the book to which the tions and a word of criticism? You are, I take it, a reviewer would gladly call attention. Sharp's young writer, and so an older hand may give you a hint mt friendship with Walter Pater, and the corre- or two. Don't another time interlard your English with Even a confirmed Celtomaniae like myself spondence between the two, are of especial inter- finds it a trifle distracting. Don't say the English' est, as are also the relations between Sharp and and the Gaelic.' Give a little more story to less pure Philip Bourke Marston, and George Meredith, poetry. Of course I recognize that your work is an and countless others of note. His many-sided idyll, not a novel, a cameo, not a woodcut; but even so, largeness of mind and soul required many and it seems to me a trifle too dreamy. Forgive this frank- different friends. Something of this richness ness, and remember that success still lies in the lap of the Saxon. And that we Celts have our besetting sins, of spiritual endowment may be read in the por- and that perfection in literature lies in avoiding excess traits of Sharp that occur in the book. They in any direction, even that of one's own best qualities." bear little resemblance to one another. In The so-called Celtic Revival of about ten every change of pose and with every passing years ago receives adequate attention in Mrs. moment he is a different man, though always Sharp's pages. Among the “ six Celtic nations” the same. His life, as told and compiled by forming the Celtic Association, various discord his wife and life-long friend and comrade, is a ant opinions were held as to the proper aims of biography of unusual variety of interest. She 1910.) 329 THE DIAL has taken sufficient time to do her work well | 1910, p. 416). 1910, p. 416). Yet stories, whatever their and to make her book the authoritative and origin, “ought to be entertaining if properly final account of her gifted husband's life. told”; so we may accept this statement of the PERCY F. BICKNELL. preface in lieu of apology, seeing that the im- proper properly told constitutes a really difficult type of art. And Mr. Gribble tells his stories with all the ROMANTICISM IN LITERATURE AND LIFE.* propriety permitted by his subjects. The half- Every year the delvers in the French archives cynical detachment of his attitude is only sur- are increasing in number, and year by year the passed by the sprightly humor which never study of Romanticism is growing less Romantic. fails to lend interest to his pages. A richly Files of letters in the Bibliothèque Nationale, allusive style is his, teeming with parody, - long withheld from publication for personal | irregular, full of suspensions and antitheses, a reasons, have been turned over to the printers ; style conforming to no rule save that of interest. old desks and family records are being opened to For a chronique scandaleuse such a style would student and savant. The doctor's degree and be perfection ; yet there are passages in the the fureur de l'inédit - the phrase is hardly loves of the Romantic school that can not be translatable — are filling the bookstores with seriously treated as parts of a chronique scan- volumes of literary antiquarianism ; and, if the daleuse. Here at least, it must be admitted, present rate of publication continues, the seekers Mr. Gribble fails. The tragedy of Vigny's after 6 sources » will soon be without resource. disillusionment, the pathos of Sainte-Beuve's One class of books, however, we have always love for Mme. Hugo, the lyrical devotion of with us, and shall have : secondary works, Lamartine, are things as far beyond his com- books about books. Of these the most inter- prehension as the style that could adequately esting — the most valuable too, perhaps, in an portray them is beyond his power. Comedy age tending all too swiftly toward a purely uni- speaks with one voice, one mask; Tragedy with lingual culture -- are the books which make another. available in English, facts or fiction originally Clever and sprightly, nevertheless, the vol- published in another tongue. Whatever the ume certainly is; and if picturesqueness be oc- scholar may think of such productions, their casionally obtained by the sacrifice of important popular value cannot be denied, especially when detail, as comparison with M. Séché's careful they are written with the wit and cleverness studies will show, we need not complain of it in which characterize Mr. Francis Gribble's studies a work of this sort. For the volume should stir in French literary history. up popular interest in the French Romanticists; “ Passions of the French Romantics” (sic) and it should undoubtedly correct some false is the latest of a series of several volumes deal- impressions. ing with the personal life one might almost One of these latter is the popular opinion of say the amative life—of various French writers, Victor Hugo as a man. What Americans know from Rousseau to the great Romanticists. Why of the arch-Romanticist is derived mainly from Mr. Gribble calls them “ Romantics” we can Barbou's book, “Victor Hugo and his Times," not imagine, unless he is attempting to anglicize long since translated into English, and the life the French romantiques. The authors con of the poet written by his wife. Now both of sidered are Bernardin de Saint-Pierre (que these biographies were written under the eye of diable allait-il faire dans cette galère!), the master, the second one being dictated to Lamartine, Vigny, Musset, Hugo, Sainte- Mme. Hugo by the poet himself; and although Beuve, Dumas père, and Mérimée ; Balzac and extremely interesting, they are in a sense works Gautier being excluded for no very evident of fiction, and the truth is not in them. It was reason, while George Sand finds an immoral reserved for a later scholar, M. Edmond Biré, immortality in an earlier volume of the series. to give us the negative side in a series of studies, The sources used, most of which Mr. Gribble as remarkable for their stinging irony as for mentions in his preface, are recent French their scholarly acumen. With this material to biographies; how closely he has followed them draw from, Mr. Gribble shows us how Victor may be judged from the present reviewer's letter Hugo, when he came to dictate his autobiog- in a recent number of THE DIAL (June 16, raphy, was carried away by his poet's imagina- * THE PASSIONS OF THE FRENCH ROMANTICS. By Francis tion; how he falsified his genealogy to prove Gribble. Illustrated. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. himself of noble family, how he magnified his 330 (Nov. 1, THE DIAL precocity by antedating his earlier works, how the proceeds of this subscription to set up a he invented the phrase "enfant sublime” “ enfant sublime” and second establishment, printing verses to her in attributed it to Chateaubriand for his greater the same volume with verses to his wife; while glory. “ That fact,” as Mr. Gribble remarks, Madame Hugo, in the meantime, was consoling “ is more sublime even than the eulogy itself.” herself with Sainte-Beuve, whose services as He tells us how Hugo concealed his failures, herald of Hugo's glory prevented for years a how he made twelve editions out of 1500 copies definite rupture. He shows us Hugo in after of Han d'Islande, how he published Amy years, unfaithful even in his infidelity, caught Robsart under the name of his eighteen-year-old in flagrante delicto by an irate husband, and brother-in-law, who had nothing to lose, and lost obliged to show the medal which proved him nothing by the failure of the play. He pictures Peer of France to escape arrest. He pictures Hugo stepping out on his balcony, at a certain bim laying siege to Juliette's maids, and setting hour every day, to show himself, monarch-like, up a third establishment for one of them in his to the curious throng, and quotes, as further seventies. But most wonderful of all, perhaps, proof of the poet's megalomania, this incident he shows us Mme. Hugo and her relatives recon- from the Souvenirs sur Turgueneff : ciled with Juliette, so that the mistress-muse “One evening Hugo's admirers, assembled in his accompanies the Hugos in their exile, and sat at drawing-room, were competing with one another in the the poet's side in a banquet given in their eulogy of his genius; and the idea was thrown out, honor, while Mme. Hugo, voluntarily (?) and in among others, that the street in which he lived ought exquisitely chosen words proposed a toast to to bear his name. “Some one suggested that the street was too small her forgiven rival. Well! we should find it all to be worthy of so great a poet, and that the honour of pretty hard to believe, did we not know that bearing his name ought to be assigned to some more they order these things differently in France. important thoroughfare. « Then they proceeded to enumerate the most popular author of L'art d'etre grand-père, taking his And lastly, Mr. Gribble shows us Hugo, the quarters of Paris, in an ascending scale, until one man exclaimed with enthusiasm that it would be an honour muse into his own household after his wife's for the city of Paris itself to be renamed after the decease, to be a companion to his grandchildren; man of genius. and when she died there a few years later, Paris “Hugo, leaning against the mantelpiece, listened had crowned her, as Mme. Hugo's cousin had complacently to his flatterers outbidding each other. Th with the air of one engaged in deep thought, he crowned her long before, “ the poet's immortal turned to the young man, and said to him in his grand Beatrice, the sceptre-bearer of his glory.” style — Scarcely less interesting, though for different « • Even that will come, my friend. Even that will reasons, is the story of Mérimée's Inconnue and the narration of Musset's love-affairs sub- “ Not one of us, were he even a little dog, sequent to George Sand. The “grande passion' but feels himself the centre of the universe, of Lamartine and the disillusionment of Vigny says M. Anatole France. Few men, however, are, on the other hand, no subjects for Mr. imagine that the universe is so becogged into Gribble's pen, and the lover of these poets the axis of their own genius. would do well to pass them by. It is clever to Yet the disclosure of Hugo's relations with say that Lamartine “was prone, like all the the fair sex surpasses even this, and proves con Romantics, to confuse the love of God with clusively that the building of the Hugo legend the love of his neighbour's wife,” but epi- was the poet's greatest work of art. To make grams will not pay us for everything. There a muse out of a mistress, even when she be orig- is a certain disillusionment in the thought inally another man's mistress, was not uncom that Vigny's sorrow was caused by the betrayal mon in the age of Romanticism, but to make of an actress like Marie Dorval, and even the of such a mistress a Madonna Beatrice, and thought of Musset consoling himself with the force the world to swallow her, halo and all, is Pandemians of the pavement will tarnish, for indubitably beyond the capacity of all but the some of us, the splendor of the Nuits. Alas! highest type of genius. Yet this is what Hugo as long as we are Anglo-Saxons we shall rejoice did for his Egeria, Juliette Drouet. And Mr. that there exists no contemporary biography Gribble shows us the whole stupendous process of Shakespeare. of the apotheosis : Hugo collecting a public sub Wherein, then, apart from the sempiternal scription to reclaim the repentant Magdalen interest of gossip, lies the justification of such she was, by the way, the artist's model immor- studies? The need of some justification our talized in the statue of Strasbourg,—employing author evidently feels, and he indicates it at come. 1910.) 331 THE DIAL the conclusion of his preface.“ The Romantic remarks Mr. Gribble, "ended in some sort of school was a period of experiments in life as disappointment or some sort of anti-climax.” well as in literature,” says Mr. Gribble," and So our experimenters found out that the theory there is nothing unnatural in a curiosity to of passion per se, or even the theory of love per know whether they failed or succeeded.” This se, does not square with any of the facts of life. is why he has collected these stories, — " to The social organism may exist because of love, help students to consider for themselves whether but it does not in any sense exist for the sake or how far—the Romantics [quel tic!] really of love. served the cause of the liberty of the human With this we may return to Mr. Gribble's spirit by that anarchism in their amours which book, to add a final word. The volume is well was their common characteristic.” But no Con- illustrated, and the type large and pleasant to clusion helps the student in his conclusions ; the eye. All in all, one could find far worse and no analysis tells us how the principle of reading for a vacation trip than “ Passions of Romanticism developed and why it was bound the French Romantics." It reads very easily, to fail. this clever collection of literary gossip—perhaps Is the whole matter, after all, so perfectly because it was undoubtedly written very easily. obvious ? That Rousseau inaugurated a new And in respect of its humorous qualities at literature, a new conception of love, an apothe- least, no higher praise could be conceived. osis of sentiment which was to culminate in the LEWIS PIAGET SHANKS. vagaries of “ 1830,” we all know; but it is not so easy to trace the development of that earlier conception into the confusion of love and re- ligion which was the ruin of Musset and A LITERARY HISTORY OF THE SOUTH.* many another. M. Lasserre has done it, in his Roman The complaint is sometimes heard among tisme français, a book which the serious student Southerners that the South has been slow to of this period cannot afford to miss. The mis- recognize the worth of its own writers, and take of the great Romantic poets was their at- particularly that it has neglected to publish tempt to live out their dreams, a mistake which their merits abroad through the medium of the led to the most humiliating contacts with reality. printed page. But certainly there is no longer Nor was this all. The Romanticists suffered any ground for such a reproach. During the one and all, as some of us are suffering last decade and a half there has come from the to-day, from that self-poisoning through liter- South no end of books about Southern writers. ature, which, like opium, spoils for us the flavor First, there was Miss Manly's “Southern Lit- of all natural food. Nordau has analyzed the erature” (1895); then came in rapid succession habit in his “ Paradoxen,” and La Rochefou- Miss Clark's “ Songs of the South” (1896), Pro- cauld has stated the axiom in its extreme form. fessor Baskervill's “Southern Writers ” (1897), “ There are men,” says the great French mor S. A. Link's “ Pioneers of Southern Literature" alist," " who never would have loved, if they (1899), Professor Bradshaw's “Southern Poetry had not heard others speak of love.” And M. And M. Prior to 1860" (1900), Professor Weber’s “ Se- Lasserre shows us how this mania of love, of lections from the Southern Poets” (1901), a passion as the supreme end of life, spread its second volume of “ Southern Writers' by Pro- virus in a world wherein the bounds of conven fessor Baskervill's pupils (1903), Professor tional self-expression had been overthrown by Trent's “Southern Writers ” (1905), Professor the French Revolution and the coming of the Holliday's “ A History of Southern Literature Third Estate into literature and life. For the (1906), and a year ago an encyclopædic work essentially bourgeois character of Romanticism entitled “The South in the Building of the may be verified in the vogue of Miss Marie Nation,” in which several volumes are devoted Corelli, and its constant qualities may be noted to “The Literary and Intellectual Life of the in the love-letters of any maid-servant who has South.” Last spring saw the completion of learned to read. “ A Library of Southern Literature," another A false conception of human life, it is no encyclopædic undertaking, in fifteen large vol- wonder that the Romantic theory came to the umes. Since then, another volume of selections ground. Those who grasp at soap-bubbles will from Southern writers, by Professors Mims and get only a drop of dirty suds, and they are Payne, has appeared. And now we have a new indeed lucky who do not receive it in their eyes. * THE LITERATURE OF THE SOUTH. By Montrose J. “ Almost all the passions of the Romantics,' Moses. New York: Thomas Y, Crowell & Co. 332 [Nov. 1, THE DIAL . history of the literature - or, more precisely, that Lanier's poems are without “ “strength' a literary history — of the South from the pen of the South from the pen (see p. 375). If “Sunrise” and “The Marshes of Mr. Montrose J. Moses. of Glynn do not possess this quality, where Mr. Moses is not a native of the South, but else in all the poetry of the South shall we find his antecedents are Southern, and he writes with it? And, admire Hayne though we must, we full sympathy for the Southern people and their shall scarcely be willing to admit that he was literature and traditions. His attitude, however, " at times the equal of Lanier in color and is not at all that of “unreasoning idolatry.” Of value of words ” (see p. 396). There will be the literature of the Ante-Bellum South, for few, moreover, who will subscribe to the high instance, he does not scruple to say (p. 456) that estimate which Mr. Moses places upon the gift it was " at its best. provincial, over-florid, of Mrs. Augusta Evans Wilson to American and over-sentimental”; and he admits (p. 431) letters. that “there is no great writing being done in the The volume is also open to criticism for sun- South to-day,"—though he promptly adds, and dry inaccuracies in minor details. The section justly, that “ we have no right to believe that devoted to Poe will serve for illustration. Here what is being done is not as excellent as the we are told (p. 277) that Poe “always con- average elsewhere." tended” that he was a Virginian ; in reality he The special contribution which Mr. Moses advertised himself as a Bostonian on the title- makes to his subject is in his consideration of page of his first volume of poems. Again, we the social, political, and economic forces out of are told (p. 279) that Poe sang of Mrs. Stanard which a Southern literature has developed. not only in “To Helen,” but in “Lenore,” Indeed, it is upon this that chief emphasis is “Ulalume,” and “ Annabel Lee” as well ; laid. He begins his book by insisting upon the whereas we can be reasonably certain that his intimate relationship between literature and life; wife was the inspiration of both “Ulalume" each of the five main divisions of his book and " Annabel Lee." The novel which Poe is devoted respectively to the Colonial, Revolu- reputed to have written on the occasion of a tionary, Ante-Bellum, Civil War, and New visit to France (see p. 282) is, of course, South periods — he introduces with a chapter altogether mythical. The title of his manu- “Social Forces"; and throughout the re script volume of tales for which he endeavored maining chapters he keeps constantly in view to find a publisher in the middle thirties was the interplay between life and letters. Of this not “ Tales of a Folio” (see p. 282), but “ Tales aspect of his subject it is clear that he has of the Folio Club." Poe was not married to made an industrious and intelligent study, Virginia in 1834 (see p. 283), but in 1836. familiarizing himself not only with the literature And it is not clear that Poe, before going to of the South but also with its history, and par Richmond in 1849, wrote to Griswold asking ticularly with the multitude of magazine articles him to be his literary executor (see p. 289); bearing on conditions that have obtained at the this is the testimony of Mrs. Clemm and Mrs. South. It is not too much to say that his treat Weiss, but Griswold denied having received ment of Southern literature in relation to its any letter, maintaining that the first information social and political origins is the fullest and the of his appointment came to him from Poe's most satisfactory that has so far been made. friends 66 some ten days” after the poet's death. In his enthusiasm for social origins, however, The style of Mr. Moses's work also has its Mr. Moses has neglected somewhat the purely imperfections. Though fairly brisk and enter- critical side of his subject. In his discussion taining, it is not remarkable for its directness of Colonial and Revolutionary literature, for or for compression. And it is occasionally example, he but rarely vouchsafes an opinion marred by lapses in idiom or in syntax. On as to the actual worth of it all as literature ; he page 344, for instance, occurs the locution also excuses himself from appre- “ different . .. than”; at least twice a noun ciation of the writers of the New South on the is made to refer appositively to an adjective plea that “it is unwise to utter strictures at (see pp. 71, 74); and there are several in- close view"; and when in his consideration of stances of the so-called “misrelated participle." the Ante-Bellum and Civil War writers he does The awkwardness of the sentence beginning go more into detail, his appreciation is, as a “ It may be was this fitful humor which lost rule, neither systematic nor very full. Nor are him the secretaryship to Virginia” (p. 32) is his critical judgments always convincing. Few obvious. But, despite its limitations, the book students of Lanier would concur in the opinion makes an important contribution to our knowl- on any extended 1910.] 333 THE DIAL on one. edge of Southern literary history; it is, perhaps, in the end we see how numerous are the instru- after Professor Baskervill's Southern Writers, mentalities in working order, how coördinated the most valuable single volume yet written they are, how intelligent and determined are the about Southern letters. forces which are bound to bring decisive results. KILLIS CAMPBELL. Mr. Galloway proceeds with the discussion of Music in the Universities, in the Great Schools, in the Army and Navy, in the Festivals; he MUSIC IN ENGLAND.* has much to say of the Competitions, which, It is on the whole a fortunate thing that having had small and obscure beginnings, are men are seldom satisfied with what they have now among the organized means of developing achieved. The incentive to renewed effort is musical intelligence and of reaching the larger thus perennial. Judging from Mr. Galloway's public with compositions of a high order in book “ Musical England,” the author is by ways not hitherto possible. He describes the no means inclined to believe that his country- work of the Musical Societies with which En- men have accomplished as much in the great gland abounds, and shows how extensive their art with which he deals as might reasonably be efforts have been. He repeats in substance expected of them. He makes an exhaustive what he has unfolded at length in his book, survey of the field, and, spurred by the deficien “ The Operatic Problem,” and grapples with the cies which he discovers, points out the mani- proposition how to establish the Music Drama fold opportunities for progress and improvement. on a firm basis in his country, how to bring it This is not to say that he is discouraged with into genuine relation with the life of the people, what he finds, or that he does not recognize translating it into the vernacular, and elevating how much has been done ; but he evidently has it from its position as a mere amusement for before him visions of a combined and varied the rich into a source of education for the great activity which he hopes to see in full swing in body of the nation. the near future. The picture is, on the whole, an inspiriting It has been somewhat the practice to look The universities are awakening to their with a sort of lenient depreciation on what responsibilities in this important concern. They England has produced in music. Comparisons are making increased demands on their students, have been made with her sister European requiring residence as conditional for degrees, nations, and the account has not been altogether asking original works of the successful winners in her favor. Yet England has done a distinc of honors. As was to be expected, Oxford and tive work in music, and has never been without Cambridge remain more or less conservative, representatives to do her credit. Her madrigals and the pronounced advances have been made and songs, her ballad operas, her Purcell, Arne, at less ancient institutions, Manchester and Sullivan, and Elgar, her Irish and Scotch Birmingham. There are great music schools in melodies, are sufficient to ensure her place and England, the Trinity College of Music, the recognition. Moreover, Handel's great career Royal Academy, and others, but none under is part of her glory, and England has a right the direction of the State as on the continent, to claim his oratorios as her own. Mendelssohn and Mr. Galloway deplores to some extent the is deeply indebted to her, and she has always situation which he finds before him. The been munificent to deserving composers calling question, perhaps, is an open one. On all sides with the artist's eagerness for recognition. This are to be found the indications of real interest much needs to be said in deprecation of the and progress. The great Festivals have re somewhat apologetic tone which is found in ceived encouraging additions to their number, Mr. Galloway's presentation of his subject. . and the management of the new-comers has It is no easy task to disclose the widespread shown decided liberality in methods and arrange- energies of a nation in an art which makes so ments over the time-honored ones. Mr.Galloway, deep a popular appeal as music. The canvas moreover, puts great stress on the competitive has to be stretched to take on the great picture, movement; a history of the movement is given and the details begin to accumulate to such an and its present status outlined ; the competi- extent that the unity of the representation is in tions bring together musical societies, and prizes danger of being lost to sight. Mr. Galloway, are awarded. They now are orchestral as well in the main, escapes the difficulty very well ; and as vocal. Sir Hubert Parry says of them : * MUSICAL ENGLAND. By William Johnson Galloway. “Competitions are quite among the most hope- New York: John Lane Company. ful signs of the times in this country. They . 334 [Nov. 1, THE DIAL aim at spreading a knowledge of music in all many respects clear, concise, catholic, and com- its branches all over the country.' prehensive, but such subjects as Free Masonry, In his closing chapter Mr. Galloway makes Mormonism, Mesmerism, Zionism, Spiritualism, the following statement : and “ Christian Science,” seem rather out of “I have tried to show how at home every form of place here, and the brief paragraph devoted to musical activity, except opera, is flourishing and vigor- each is necessarily inadequate. Besides, these ous, while even the care for national opera is getting gradually stronger with the growth of public knowledge matters are too near us for historical treatment. and responsiveness. But though it is certainly the But if recent movements are to be included in widest and possibly the highest form of musical art, such a survey, surely modern Missions should and though for these and other reasons already disclosed receive more than a slight and unfriendly men- it offers the strongest claims for official support, the State Establishment of Opera is only a part of the tion; while organizations like the Young Men's largest possible conclusion that can be reached; for if Christian Association, and great reformatory the State is to interfere with music at all, there should and humanitarian enterprises so characteristic be no limit — in scope if not in detail — to the measure of our age (significant expressions of Applied of its control. There are many manifestations of musi- Christianity), ought not to be ignored as they cal energy in this country; but the several forms of activity, whether due to private or corporate enterprise, are in these pages. are isolated and independent, and many of them are This treatise is not so apologetic as Clarke's suffering from a lack of adequate support. Only a “ Ten Great Religions,” which, however, had a suitable degree of control by a central authority can powerful influence for good some forty years increase their individual efficiency and coördinate the ago. The author is very appreciative of all separate parts into an interrelated and completely effec- tive whole; and as to national opera, its establishment forms of religious belief, with a slight tendency will be hastened and assured if the State once assumes toward prejudice when papal matters are dis- its responsibilities to the entire field of music.” cassed. The treatment is much fuller than in It is not necessary to have Mr. Galloway's Tiele's Outline, but not so suggestive. It takes remarkable confidence in the contemporary a wider range than Jordan's Comparative Re- State as the chosen power for establishing ligion, but its descriptions of Buddhism and music firmly in England, or any other country, Brahmanism are all too brief, while Christianity as a great living factor in the amelioration of occupies half its pages. mankind. Musical England, as set forth in The reviewer of this work is called to an un- this book, seems really in a prosperous condition, pleasant task. The author has studied his quite able to take care of itself, and not needing general subject widely; he is earnest in spirit; to make apologies to anyone. Mr. Galloway he writes with much literary skill ; his chapters has a curious faculty of conjoining two con are interesting reading. But he attempts too tradictory estimates of the same matter in the large an undertaking. As a result, in many same sentence. At first blush, this gives a places his brief statements are unsatisfactory; somewhat depressing air to his whole discussion; in some cases, quite erroneous. Such an asser- but one soon finds out his secret, and the result tion, for instance, as that the Anglican church is a hopeful view revealing at the same time “is Calvinistic in spirit and Romanist in form" certain limitations requiring to be remembered. (p. 364), would hardly meet the approval of the The author unfolds his subject thoroughly and Archbishop of Canterbury! And the author comprehensively. Musical England, whether surely indulges in fiction when he claims (p. 69) in the past or present, claims its meed of con “ that Christianity and Mithraism had a com- sideration, and the future appears in colors mon origin in one of those old Asiatic religions. reasonably bright and inspiring. A Baptist would hardly agree with him that LOUIS JAMES BLOCK. his church has three grades of officers, “ Elders, doctors [preachers), and deacons” (p. 361). Certainly there is little warrant for his putting A HANDBOOK OF RELIGIOUS HISTORY.* Milton (p. 361) among the Baptists! His curt Dr. Reinach has written an ambitious work, fraud” (p. 196) is hardly to his credit. reference to the Book of Daniel as a literary The which he has given an unfortunate title, be- cause not clearly descriptive, — “Orpheus.” date of Swedenborg's birth (1688) is errone- The sub-title defines his aim :'- An Universal ously given as 1680 (p. 391). To belittle Paul's interest in the man Jesus, History of Religions.” The treatment is in by writing (p. 231) that the apostle may have *ORPHEUS. An Universal History of Religions. From the French of Salomon Reinach. Translated by Florence talked with persons who knew him, is surely Simmonds. New York : G. P. Putnam's Sons. most inexcusable. To assert that “the historic 1910.] 335 THE DIAL Jesus is essentially intangible” (p. 226) is to at once took rank as the best popular work upon join the modern myth-makers like Pastor Kalt the subject. It is now reissued in an English trans- hoff. To state that Dr. Channing became a lation (Lippincott). For this edition the text has Unitarian in 1819 (p. 367), the date of his been revised throughout and considerable new celebrated Baltimore sermon, is inaccurate; to matter has been incorporated with the intention of represent Emerson as the chief advocate of bringing it up to date. That aim, however, has been attained in part only; it could not have been American Unitarianism is still more so. The completely achieved without rewriting the entire description of the various Presbyterian churches work, for to a large extent it is a compilation, the of Scotland (p. 360) is confused. The followers views of the author being based upon the writings of Ebenezer Erskine (1733) were not called of Fenollosa, Anderson, De Goncourt, and others, Reformed Presbyterians, but “ Seceders.” Dr. more especially upon Fenollosa's epoch-making book, Reinach represents Lælius and Faustus Socinus “ The Masters of Ukioye,” and apparently to a as teaching Unitarianism in Switzerland, which limited extent only upon personal study of the carries a false impression (p. 331). The remark prints. In a measure the resultant lack of propor- that the Socinians fled from Poland and found tion is felt by Dr. von Seidlitz, but he does not seem to realize the extent to which his estimates of refuge in Transylvania (p. 332) is not accurate. the leading print designers are colored by impres- The Anabaptists did not become Unitarians (p. sions derived from the examination of a compara- 317), and Priestley was in no sense responsible tively small number of their works; at least it is for Boston Unitarianism as implied (p. 367). difficult on any other theory to account for his not To assert (p. 363) that the founder of “Chris- ranking Okumura Masanobu much higher than he tian Science was Mrs. Eddy, is to hurry the does, and for his altogether inadequate appreciation aged mystic into her grave prematurely. In his of Shunsho and Shigemasa. For his undue depre- references to the problem discussed at the Coun- ciation of Hokusai another explanation must be cil of Nicæa (p. 260), the author is not clear; sought: it arises, in all probability, from Fenollosa's and he does not quote the Nicene Creed with protest against the exaggerated estimate in Gonse's "L'Art Japonais," made not long after the publica- exactness. The passing allusion to the Salva- tion of that work in 1883. Harunobu, Kiyonaga, tion Army (p. 403) is certainly inadequate, and and Utamaro receive full meed of praise, but not General Booth will hardly relish the statement as extended comment as is called for by the quality that at present the spirit of the organization is of their works and their importance in the history “ almost that of Unitarians”! of the Ukiyoe school. Notwithstanding these and These, it may be said, are not major mistakes; other shortcomings, the book gives the best general but they illustrate that lack of clearness of per account of the color prints that has yet been pub- ception which mars many of the author's pages. lished. It does not pretend to be a treatise for the Many subjects have not been sufficiently mas- collector which will do away with the need for Instead it is characterized tered to afford a firm grasp on details. These independent research. by its author as “a provisional essay in the synthetic are serious defects in a historical work. But b presentment of our knowledge of Japanese Colour- the treatise as a whole has some decided merits. Printing,” and as such it may be warmly com- The earlier chapters, where the totem, the mended. The uninformed reader, however, needs taboo, and fetichism are discussed (Chap. I.), to be warned against the printer's errors, which are and especially the descriptions of the religions numerous and misleading. Even the list of errata of the Celts and the Germans (Chap. IV.), on page xvi. contains a mistake, Shunko being form the best parts of the book. printed “Shunki”! Not the least attractive feature JOSEPH H. CROOKER. of the volume is the illustrations, of which there are nearly a hundred. While not in all cases well chosen, they include reproductions of a number of very important prints. Sixteen are in color; of BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. these, two are especially noteworthy, a remarkable fan by Shunsho and a striking print of an actor by "A History of Japanese Colour- Sharaku. of Japanese Prints” by Dr. W. von Seidlitz was color-prints. first published in Dresden in 1897. Three subjects of interest nowadays It was an attempt to put together in connected and are the position of woman, the object common topics. coherent form the mass of valuable data scattered of education, and religion. There through the pages of various monographs, exhibi must be a good many men who are perplexed at tion catalogues, sale catalogues, and other sources finding that their wives dislike domestic life and not generally accessible. This was well done. The wish to vote, or that their children go to school for author showed excellent judgment and discrimina years and learn little of what used to be important, tion in his reliance upon authorities, and the book or that they themselves like to play golf on Sunday For collector's Some error'8 on 336 (Nov. 1, THE DIAL morning and to go motoring in the afternoon much turn. A good bibliography and an accurate index better than they like to go to church. Many a man also deserve commendation. The volume is the may think that women, children, church are not latest of the “Handbooks of Archæology and Anti- what they used to be. Such a one will perhaps quities," and has the general mechanical excellence like to read Mr. Andrew Macphail's “Essays in of the series. It is a little old-fashioned now to Fallacy” (Longmans), which deal with these sub learn any lesson from the past; but any thoughtful jects. If by reading such essays a man were able person with a care for the present and future of to manage his affairs any better, we are sure there athletics will find in these pages a few stimulating would be a large market for the book. Unfortun- suggestions, either implicit or offered directly. For ately, such discussions are usually effective only instance: “The nemesis of excess in athletics is in a large way, in forming public opinion, so that specialization," sounds very pertinent today; and their results are rarely discernible in one's own there are many other examples. Moreover the book experience. Still the essays are interesting. They recalls the thought, so familiar to any student of his- have something of a difficulty in that, though the tory, that for at least a few decades in ece author's general opinion in each case is pretty athletics were a genuine glory, the human frame an clear, one does not always know just how he gets inspiration and delight. And a few of us dream to it. We saw in the publishers' announcement that once more a popular life of physical exercise that the essay on “The Psychology of the Suffra and athletic games may rise to such an excellence gette” was “a logical plea for the extension of and efficiency as to inspire the pen of the poet and the suffrage to women.” On a first reading we the chisel of the sculptor. But Greek history makes had supposed that its tendency was to show that it convincingly clear that such a development is not the idea of extending the suffrage to women was to be expected as long as students are contented to erroneous and delusive. On re-reading it we found take their exercises by “rooting” for their sturdy the logical plea to be as follows: the female desires champions, and the general public by watching to keep to herself the genuine type which the male, professional baseball and reading the colossal, by reason of her charm, is always tending to assume; grotesquely-written accounts thereof in the “sport- if women vote they are free, if free they lose their ing” columns of our newspapers. charm, if they lose their charm men will not desire to approximate to them, which was the end to be Mr. Dooley It is truly surprising how Mr. desired. That such a result endangers the continu- on questions Dooley's vein of humor holds out. of the day. ance of the human race is noted by Mr. Macphail, Familiar as we all have long since who adds that this does not invalidate the chain of become with the workings of his spacious intellect, argument. While pursuing his logical course, Mr. some fresh oddity of utterance is continually drop- Macphail finds proof and illustration from a wide ping from his lips of wisdom, and one is forced to range of knowledge of the history of mankind. smile in spite of oneself, if not to laugh outright. Indeed, his range is so wide that one sometimes has “Mr. Dooley Says” (Scribner) is the latest collection no idea of the connection of any given point with of his winged words, and in it of course are to be the general trend of the discussion. This makes found comments and judgments on a great variety hard reading now and then, but study will usually of current questions, such as divorces, the proposed put one on the right track. If everyone would correct tax on bachelors, woman suffrage, financial panics, the fallacies or vulgar errors pointed out in this book, expert testimony, and the Japanese war-scare. the world would be much better. It is to be hoped Even Dr. Eliot and his five-foot book-shelf are that Mr. Macphail's treatment will tend to this result. brought under Mr. Dooley's scrutiny. Of the works selected to fill that shelf he says: "They are sthrong Inasmuch as we have long desired it is thrue. They will go to th' head. I wud advise a consecutive and comprehensive a man who is aisily affected be books to stick to treatment of athletics among the Archibald Clavering Gunter. But they will hurt gifted people who have taught the western world so no man who's used to readin'. He has sawed thim much, we are glad to welcome Mr. E. Norman out carefully. “Give me me tools,' says he, “an’I Gardiner's “Greek Athletic Sports and Festivals will saw out a five-foot shelf iv books.' An' he done (Macmillan). The book gives a scholarly presen it. He has th’ right idee. He real-izes that th' first tation by a man who has both a genuine concern thing to have in a libry is a shelf. Fr’m time to for athletics and a sound knowledge of the sources for time this can be decorated with lithrachure. But his study. The general reader will turn very rapidly th' shelf is the main thing." His comments on many pages of the first part, which is mainly his Milton's " Arryopatigica” reveal the breadth and torical; but he will doubtless linger over the second depth of Mr. Dooley's education. On great ques- part, which takes up the principal athletic exercises tions of international significance he has decided one by one. However, the difference between the opinions of his own. Hogan says we've got to two main divisions is due rather to the nature of fight f'r th’ supreemacy in th’ Passyfic. Much the themes than to inequality of execution, and the fightin' I'd do f'r an ocean, but havin' taken th’ scholar will appreciate both. The illustrations are Philippeens, which ar-re a blamed nuisance, an' th' admirably chosen and give valuable help at every Sandwich Islands, that're about as vallyable as a Athletics in ancient Greece. 66 1910.] 337 THE DIAL and even tive years. toy balloon to a horse-shoer, we've got to grab a becomes broader, and we are given a general sketch lot iv th' surroundin' dampness to protect thim.” of the anti-slavery movement and its issue in the Truly, Mr. Dunnes' fund of Dooleyisms is inex Civil War, with Seward's part in the movement haustible. clearly set forth. And when he becomes what is Nearly every book-lover sometimes called “the Premier of Lincoln's admin- The love of books now and then a bibliophile — keeps istration,” his part in affairs and his relations to his and of reading. tucked away in a corner of his shelves chief are fully and fairly given. It is possible that the volume which first filled him with the love of a perusal of the more recently published Diary of reading and the passion for acquiring a library. Gideon Welles, whose distrust of Seward appears Sometimes it is “Sesame and Lilies "; sometimes not altogether without foundation, might have modi- Mr. Frederic Harrison's essay, or a battered old fied some of the positions taken by Professor Hale. Disraeli; sometimes a work of a totally different His book is well written, and the treatment is well sort. But whatever its title, we cannot help prizing balanced and comprehensive. such a volume as the virtual grandfather of our well-filled shelves; and memories of its inspiration One of the hardest tasks that con- Two literary anthologies will lead us, if we be true lovers of books, to the front the teacher of English litera- for students. purchase of Burton and Mr. Ireland's “Enchiridion,” ture is that of persuading his students and that great avatar of this class of literature, to do enough reading to get some sort of first-hand still supreme after the lapse of five centuries, the acquaintance with the authors they are supposed to “Philobiblon” of Richard de Bury. Professor be studying. The school or college library is apt Oscar Kuhns' “Love of Books and Reading” (Holt) to be a delusion, often providing a single copy of a is a welcome addition to this book-shelf; and lucky work that is needed by a hundred students at the will be the student who comes upon it in his forma- same time. Other accessible libraries do not help It cannot fail to stimulate, inspired as much, and few students have the necessary books it is by broad reading and a real enthusiasm for at home. There appears to be no way out of the literature; and it will serve to remind us all of many difficulty unless the literature can somehow be put into the hands of all the students at the same time. books we have missed. “Read the great books” is No text-book can be more welcome, then, than one the gist of its counsel —"the books. which make for humanistic culture”; but its wealth of literary anec- that provides a great deal of well-selected literature dote and its personal tone banish all triteness from at a moderate price, and two such books are now a text which, after all, cannot be over-emphasized in before us. The Century Co. publish "Century this age of periodical-reading. We need to be re- Readings for a Course in English Literature, minded of the riches of our great literary classics. edited by Messrs. Cunliffe, Pyre, and Young, of the We need to be told of the gems that time cannot University of Wisconsin; and Messrs. Scott, Fores- destroy, now that so many are content to gather the man & Co. publish “Twelve Centuries of English surface outcrop of a baser carbon in the fields of Poetry and Prose," edited by Professor Newcomer contemporary literature; and hence we can scarcely and Miss Alice Andrews. Both are big books, have too many books like this charming volume of which is the main consideration, and neither is over- Professor Kuhns', with its widely-gathered tributes burdened with editorial matter, which is also a to the love of books and the joys of reading. It is merit. The former extends to over eleven hundred, to be hoped that an index to the proper names may and the latter to over seven hundred two-columned be added in a second printing. pages. The only very noticeable difference between the two books is that the latter gives a larger pro- Professor Edward E. Hale, Jr., has portion of space than the former to Old English of Lincoln's written for the interesting series literature. No better works of their class have yet administration. of “ American Crisis Biographies ” been provided for their common purpose, but we (Jacobs), a short life of William H. Seward, who still await the publishing enterprise that shall offer surely can be classed as a leader in some of our a still larger amount of matter for a still lower greatest national affairs. The book differs from price. Somewhere between a book of this sort and other brief biographies of Seward in its fuller the daily newspaper that can be purchased for one account of the political movements and struggles in cent there is an ideal mean of plentitude combined New York from 1830, the author thinking, rightly, with cheapness that we hope will yet be reached. that he could make his work most useful as a study of Seward's life and a contribution to the history of Socialistic Though histories of socialism and his times, by setting forth clearly the interesting and books on socialistic writers are nu- significant conditions in the state which has been the tendencies. merous, the little volume entitled great political cauldron of the North ever since the “Leaders of Socialism” (Duffield), by Mr. G. R. S. government was established. The development of Taylor, will have its place, and this for three reasons. Seward's political principles is traced clearly with It is written in a pleasing style ; it describes the his growth in influence and power until he became work and opinions of thirteen of the more recent a figure of national prominence. When he is socialists, beginning with Owen and ending with transferred to Washington as senator, the treatment Blatchford ; and, finally, it contains an introductory The Premiere leaders and 338 [Nov. 1, THE DIAL essay of considerable -- though not great - merit Mr. Kipling's new collection of stories, “ Rewards on leaders and leadership. Some readers will regret and Fairies," makes a prompt appearance in the hand- that French writers on socialism are represented only some “Outward Bound” edition, published by Messrs. by Saint-Simon, Fourier, and Jaurès; while of the Scribner. It constitutes Volume XXV. of the set. Germans there are only Karl Marx and Lassalle. It is some time since we had a new book from Mr. Such limitation of subject-matter is the more notice- Joseph Conrad. He has been engaged for a year or so able in view of the inclusion of the Belgian dreamer, past on a new story that is now nearing completion, and will make its appearance presently under the title of Louis Blanc. The English writers treated, besides « Razunov." those previously mentioned, are William Morris, Mr. Edgar Beecher Bronson's entertaining “Reminis- H. M. Hyndman, Sidney Webb, J. Kier Hardie, and cences of a Ranchman,” formerly published by the G. Bernard Shaw. The author regards Owen as the McClure Co., now appears in a new edition, with some true founder of socialism, and considers Hyndman added chapters, bearing the imprint of Messrs. A. C. as the most important living English socialist. The McClurg & Co. standpoint in this volume may be regarded as truly The volume called “ Vanitas : Polite Stories” is orthodox. The author does not appear to realize added by the John Lane Co. to their reissue of the that the latest trends in socialism are to extol private books of “ Vernon Lee.” Besides the three stories hitherto included under the title, there is now a fourth, property in the personal relationships of life and to “ A Frivolous Conversion,” here printed for the first regard the monogamous family as a social necessity. time. The scientifically-minded reader will find the book The perennially popular German-American dialect too much suffused with the spirit of Mr. Bernard verses of Mr. Charles Follen Adams have lately been Shaw; the average reader will find it bright and put forth by the Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co. in a new entertaining edition entitled “Yawcob Strauss and Other Poems." The second and third series of the The familiar line drawings of the earlier editions are retained in this. Continuation of “Memoirs" or journal of the Duch- famous memoirs. “The Book Monthly "of London signalizes its seventh esse de Dino (afterward Duchesse birthday by a considerable enlargement in size and de Talleyrand et de Sagan), edited with notes and improvement in editorial and mechanical features. We a biographical index by the Princesse Radziwill can cordially recommend this sprightly magazine to (née Castellane), and published in this country by every American reader who cares to keep in touch with the Scribners, fill each a closely-printed octavo of affairs of the English book world. more than four hundred pages. The second volume Professor F. W. Taussig's “The Tariff History of covers the years 1836–40, and the third the years the United States” is the soundest discussion of the 1841-50. The diary entries are generally short, subject ever written, and has had frequent revisions. touch on contemporary politics and on persons of The latest of them (the fifth) is brought down to date note, and were jotted down in various towns and by a chapter on the Aldrich-Payne Act of 1909. Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons are the publishers. large cities of France, Germany, and Austria, the “ The American Jewish Year Book” for 5671, sent French and the German capitals being apparently us by the Jewish Publication Society of America, has the writer's favorite resorts. The revolutionary for its special feature this year an eighty-page article scenes of 1848 naturally affect the Duchesse with “In Defense of the Immigrant.” The other contents horror, and inspire all sorts of gloomy forebodings. of the work remain much the same as in previous Her prejudices and friendships, and her nearness annual issues. Mr. Herbert Friedenwald is the editor. to the stirring events noted by her pen, of course It is interesting to note in connection with the Hon. incapacitate her for the office of dispassionate his John Redmond's tour in this country in the interests of torian, although her pages are of the stuff from Irish Home Rule, that the Frederick A. Stokes Co. which histories are made. The notes, indices, and announces for publication his new book “Home Rule," appended matter, written or selected by the careful containing all the speeches delivered during his entire parliamentary career. An introduction gives a short editor, are of use for a scholarly mastery of the summary of the history of Ireland's struggle. volumes. Lovers of the late Sarah Orne Jewett's inimitable New England stories will be grateful for the attractive new edition of her best work just issued by the Houghton NOTES. Mifflin Co. The edition is in seven small volumes, handsomely printed and bound, and containing photo- “ Anti-Matrimony,” Mr. Percy Mackaye's satirical gravure_frontispieces. A hitherto unpublished story drama now running in New York, will be issued in book of Miss Jewett's is included in the last volume of the set. form this month by the Frederick A. Stokes Co. In view of the approaching centenary of the birth of An important literary biography is announced in Mr. Charles Dickens special interest attaches to the “Centen- Frederick Lawton's “ Balzac," soon to be issued by the ary Edition" of the novelist's complete works, which Wessels & Bissell Co. The volume will contain a Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons are bringing out, in number of interesting illustrations. conjunction with Messrs. Chapman & Hall, Ltd., of To the series of " Little Books on Art” (McClurg), London. In this edition all the prefaces, dedications, a miniature treatise on “ Christian Symbolism ” has just and notices which appeared in the various editions dur- been added. The author is Mrs. Henry Jenner, and ing the author's lifetime will be given, together with all there are twoscore of well-chosen illustrations. the original illustrations to which he gave his approval. 1910.] 339 THE DIAL 1 The illustrations are being reproduced by a special new process from the original steel plates and wood-blocks, and will number close upon seven hundred. The type used is large and readable, the paper of excellent quality, the binding handsome, and the price unusually reasonable. Mr. Prentiss Cummings is the latest translator of the « Iliad.” He chooses the hexameter verse, a procedure which he defends at length and with considerable skill. The main novelty of his translation is that he has made it frankly an abridgment, omitting all the dull and otherwise inferior parts. By this heroic measure, he has reduced the epic to about one-half its full dimensions. The work occupies two volumes, and is published by Messrs. Little, Brown, & Co. School reading books recently published by the American Book Co. include “ Peter of New Amster- dam,” by Mr. James Otis; Cooper's “ The Last of the Mohicans," adapted to the use of children by Miss Margaret N. Haight; and “Stories of American Dis- coverers for Little Americans," by Miss Rose Lucia. From the same publishers we have a book of “ Easy French Prose Composition," by Miss H. A. Guerber. As a companion to the various “Standard” musical guides that he has published from time to time, and that have been so helpful to concert and opera-goers, Mr. George P. Upton has now given us a volume of “ Standard Musical Biographies," dealing with over a hundred composers, and very interestingly illustrated. Messrs. A. C. McClurg publish this work, as well as its numerous predecessors. A new volume of the “ Original Narratives of Early American History” (Scribner) gives us a selection of “ Narratives of Early Maryland, 1633-1684,” edited by Mr. Clayton Colman Hall. There are sixteen num- bers in the volume, beginning with Lord Baltimore's “Instructions" and Father White's “ Briefe Relation,' and ending with extracts from the journal of George Fox and reports of the negotiations between the third Baron Baltimore and William Penn. Miss Clara Sherwood Stevens must be an ardent admirer of Herbert Spencer, for only to such would the thought have occurred to ransack his writings for "elegant extracts,” as if he were a brilliant stylist instead of being a writer of very dull and uninspired prose. The result of this undertaking is given us in Passages from the Philosophy of Herbert Spencer," a volume published by Mr. Thomas B. Mosher in the distinctive form which he has made his own. The Neale Publishing Co., New York, are engaged in producing a ten-volume edition of “ The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce," an imperfectly appreciated genius of the Pacific Coast. His admirers go far in praising him, Mr. Markham saying that he has his seat in the remote and ruby-litten chamber of Hoffman and Poe," and Mrs. Atherton that he has the best brutal imagination of any man in the English-speaking race.” Mr. Bierce is editing his own works, which makes the publication authentic. The first volume, now at hand, is certainly a handsome and dignified piece of book- making It was only in 1900 tbat Mr. Bertram Dobell announ- ced his discovery of the unpublished works of the seventeenth century author Thomas Traherne. Now Mr. H. I. Bell has had the good fortune to discover an unknown and unpublished MS. of Traherne in the British Museum, evidently prepared by the poet's brother for publication. The MS., which is entitled “Poems of Felicity: Vol. I., containing Divine Reflections on the Native Objects of the Infant-Ey,” contains thirty- nine new poems. The “ Poems of Felicity” will be issued immediately by the Oxford Press in its “Tudor and Stuart Library.” The November issue of “ The Century” marks the fortieth anniversary of the magazine, and contains as a special feature twenty pages of text and pictures, mar- shalling some of the magazine's more notable contribu- tions to the progress of illustration during its history. There is also an interesting “Retrospect of the Century in the “ Topics of the Times” department. The open- ing chapters of Mr. Robert Hichens’s new novel, “The Dweller on the Threshold ” appear in this issue. Of the late Russell Sturgis's numerous contributions to the literature of his chosen field, no other made so varied and direct an appeal to the art lover as his two- volume work entitled “The Artist's Way of Working," published in 1905. In reissuing this work at one-third of the original price, Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co. have now provided an opportunity which should not fail to be liberally taken advantage